be

be

be1 /bi; strong biː/ ●●● S1 W1 auxiliary verb (past tensepst was, were, past participlepp been, present participle being, first person singular am, second person singular and plural are, third person singular3rd is)   → bee
1  XXused with a present participle to form the continuous(4) tenses of verbs 〔和现在分词构成动词的进行时态〕
 Don’t disturb me while I’m working.
我工作的时候不要打扰我。
 Gemma was reading.
吉玛正在看书。
 They’ve been asking a lot of questions.
他们已经问了许多问题。
 That guy’s always causing trouble.
那家伙总是惹麻烦。
 We’ll be starting in about an hour.
我们过一小时左右开始。
 He isn’t leaving, is he?
他不会走吧？
2  XXused with past participles to form the passive 〔和过去分词构成被动语态〕
 Smoking is not permitted.
禁止吸烟。
 I was told about it yesterday.
昨天有人告诉了我这件事。
 The house is being painted.
房子正在上油漆。
 She’s been invited to a party.
她受邀参加聚会。
 The flames could be seen several miles away.
熊熊的火焰在几英里以外都能看见。
 The police should have been informed about this.
警察本应获悉此事。
3  be to do something formal
a) used to talk about arrangements for the future 将要做某事〔用于表示将来的安排〕
 Audrey and Jimmy are to be married in June.
奥德丽和吉米将在六月份结婚。
 Two men are to appear in court on charges of armed robbery.
两名男子因被控持械抢劫将出庭受审。
b) TELL/ORDER somebody TO DO somethingused to give an order or to tell someone about a rule 必须做某事〔用于下命令或解释规则〕
 You are to wait here in this room until I return.
你必须留在这个房间里等到我回来。
 All staff are to wear uniforms.
所有员工都必须穿制服。
c) used to say or ask what someone should do or what should happen 应该做某事〔用于表示或询问某人应该做什么或应该会发生什么事〕
 What am I to tell her?
我该对她说什么呢？
 He is not to be blamed.
不应该怪他。
d) used to ask how something can be done 应该做某事〔用于询问某事可以怎么做〕
 How are we to get out of the present mess?
我们该如何摆脱目前的困境呢？
4  be to be seen/found/heard etc CAN'Tused to say that something can be seen, found, or heard somewhere 能被看到/找到/听到等
 A large range of species are to be seen in the aquarium.
水族馆里可以看到许许多多不同种类的鱼。
 We searched everywhere but the ring was nowhere to be found (=could not be found).
我们找遍了所有地方，却怎么都找不到那枚戒指。
 The only sound to be heard was the twittering of the birds above us.
唯一能听到的声音就是鸟儿在我们头顶上的啁啾。
Examples from the Corpus
be to be seen/found/heard etc• She and two of the Aussies then proceeded to the next floor where guest bedrooms were to be found.• These words, in his own hand, are to be found, framed, inside the hall.• Further comments on attaching priorities to different subjects and to different levels of material are to be found in Chapter 3.• A similar situation is to be found in other regions of the world.• The only reference to sustainable development was to be found in paragraph two hundred and thirteen.• It was to be found in the libraries of other leading Virginians: Lord Botetourt, Thos.• A comparable tendency is to be found in the theatre.• He was to be found lurking in the band's dressing room whenever they ventured into Mancunian territory, which was often.
5  was/were to do something XXused when talking about a time in the past to say what happened later 后来发生某事〔用于谈及过去某时间之后发生的事〕
6  IF
7  old use used instead of ‘have’ to form the perfect3 tense of some verbs 〔代替have构成某些动词的完成时态〕
Examples from the Corpus
be• The children are to go to bed by 8 o'clock.• Talks were to have begun two weeks ago.• His arrival may have been delayed by snow.• I'll be leaving in about half an hour.• He is more to be pitied than feared.• Smoking is not permitted on this flight.• Walker was nowhere to be found.• Fees are to be paid before classes begin.• Christ is risen from the dead.• I was shown a copy of the contract.• It was to be one of the most important judgments the court made.
if somebody/something is to do something• A separate venue must be available, however, if confidential information is to be considered in relation to nursing care.• However, if a doctor is to be helpful in this way, he has to understand the image language of mythology.• Allowing for retirements, that still implies the need for 2 million new jobs if unemployment is to be reduced significantly.• Clearly then, if the company is to choose one it should opt for the first.• But if it is to do with relationship it needs witnesses.• Each must be regularly accommodated if an organization is to flourish and grow.• Applied linguistics in this sense must be practised by teachers too if it is to have any effective operational relevance at all.• These braces are costly but well worth the outlay if the alternative is to stop skiing altogether.
be2 ●●● S1 W1 verb  
1  [linking verb]BE used to say that someone or something is the same as the subject of the sentence 是〔表示某人或某物与主语相同〕
2  [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]PLACE used to say where something or someone is 〔用于表示某物或某人在哪里〕
3  [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]TIME/AT A PARTICULAR TIME used to say when something happens 〔用于表示某事发生的时间〕
4  [linking verb] used to describe someone or something, or say what group or type they belong to 是 〔描述某人或某物的特征或所属的群体或类型〕
5  there is/are EXISTused to say that something exists or happens 有，存在〔表示某物存在或某事发生〕
Examples from the Corpus
there is/are• Is there life on other planets?• I didn't know there was Chinese restaurant in your neighborhood.• Because the teachers are so friendly there is a good atmosphere for getting on with your work.• In Britain there is a preference for a tactical step-by-step approach against a background of traditional consensus.• But there is another, more essential respect for nature itself, which we dishonour at our peril.• While this may not mean they are preventable, there is at least the possibility of fortifying the individual against their effects.• Smokeless powder, for which there are many formulas, is used in modern ammunition.• The effect of the order is that even though youths are being sentenced, there is no room for them.• Don't give them a sales pitch because there is nothing more irritating.• There's no evidence to prove that Gray is the murderer.
6  [linking verb] to behave in a particular way 有某种表现
7  [linking verb] used to say how old someone is 〔用于表示某人的年龄〕
8  [linking verb] used to say who something belongs to 〔用于表示某物属于某人〕
9  [linking verb] used to talk about the price of something 〔用于表示某物的价格〕
10  [linking verb] to be equal to a particular number or amount 等于，是
11  be that as it may formalACCEPT used to say that even though you accept that something is true, it does not change a situation 即便如此，尽管如此
Examples from the Corpus
be that as it may• Be that as it may, all of us need order.• Be that as it may, blood-sharing in vampire bats seems to fit the Axelrod model well.• Be that as it may, Driesch concluded that Weismann was wrong, at least in part.• Be that as it may, his depiction was so convincingly done as to restore belief in the existence of centaurs!• Be that as it may, I shall attempt to explain the spiritual aspect in my own terms.• Be that as it may, terrible things clearly happened.• Be that as it may, the truth is plain: this is an exercise of arrogant power which stinks.• "Everyone knows it was your idea." "Be that as it may, we can present it together."• Be that as it may, Woolridge had his suspicions.
12  [intransitiveI]EXIST formal to exist 存在
13  be yourself to behave in a natural way, rather than trying to pretend to be different 行为自然，不做作
Examples from the Corpus
be yourself• And the sacrificial victim is yourself.• He was counting on her redshirting even more than Karen was herself.• They made us able to come with our own identity and our own image, to try to be ourselves.• They can be themselves, be, relate, create in their own way.• Henry Ford's assertion that history was bunk was itself bunk: theology seemed to me a much better candidate.• The language needed to describe unity is itself divisive, each word an island proclaiming its difference from every other.• It seems to me questionable that Ruether is herself theistic.
14  not be yourself to be behaving in a way that is unusual for you, especially because you are ill or upset 不是你正常的状况，状态不好〔尤因为生病或不高兴〕
Examples from the Corpus
not be yourself• It would not be itself a thing.
15  the be-all and end-all IMPORTANTthe most important part of a situation or of someone’s life 首要的事情，最要紧的事情
Examples from the Corpus
the be-all and end-all• Is food and comfort the be-all and end-all?• However, it was said that looking at the employee's base was not the be-all and end-all.• However, weight is not the be-all and end-all and you must keep a check on your general shape and fitness.
n GRAMMAR: Linking verbs
Be is a linking verb. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun:
The water was cold.
Leeds is a city in the north of England.
Examples from the Corpus
be• Hi, it's me.• Horses are animals.• "That's not your coat" "Yes, it is!"• Can you tell me where the station is?• Before becoming a writer, Schwarz had been a cook, a cab driver and a door-to-door salesman.• I can't remember how much the flight cost. I think it was around $400.• Dinner is at eight, so come at about half past seven.• Be careful!• A saw is for cutting wood.• Egypt is in North Africa.• "I like your new shirt - how much was it?" "It was only fifteen pounds."• Christie is my girlfriend.• Christmas will be on a Saturday next year.• Don't be so rude!• ""What colour is your car?'' ""It's black.''
be- /bɪ/ prefix  
1  BECOME[in verbs] used to mean that someone or something is treated in a particular way 把…视作，把…当作
2  [in adjectives] literaryWEAR CLOTHES wearing or covered by a particular thing 佩戴，穿戴；覆盖
Examples from the Corpus
be-• a bejeweled woman• He befriended me.
Origin be-
Old English bi-, be-
 be2
Old English beon
be1 auxiliary verbbe2 verb →n GRAMMAR1be- prefix
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