一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv202121" key="202121"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039570" key="1039570"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00002','1385099',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000017">西行之始</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>昔在<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#9" id="3">〔1〕</a>，慨律藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#10" id="4">〔2〕</a>殘缺<a class="zhuhao" href="#11" id="5">〔3〕</a>，於是遂以<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>元年歲在己亥<a class="zhuhao" href="#12" id="6">〔4〕</a>，與<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#13" id="7">〔5〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧應</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嵬</span>等同契，至<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#14" id="8">〔6〕</a>尋求戒律。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3" id="9">〔1〕</a>長安：即<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>所都<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>城，故址在今<span class="zhuanming">陝西</span><span class="zhuanming">西安市</span>西北。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>中的<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>亦都於此，其統治者<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>皆崇奉佛教，著名的佛教徒<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>等先後至此，爲當時佛教傳譯的要地。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之自<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>啓行赴<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，正<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>在位時。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4" id="10">〔2〕</a>律藏：佛教經典的一部分稱爲“律”（戒律也，即毗奈耶藏Vinaya-piṭaka），與“經”（經訓也，即素呾纜藏Sūtra-piṭaka）﹑“論”（論釋也，即阿毗達磨藏Abhidharma-piṭaka）合稱“三藏”（Tripiṭaka）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#5" id="11">〔3〕</a>缺：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𡙇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#6" id="12">〔4〕</a>弘始元年歲在己亥：“弘始元年”，今傳世各本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>皆作“弘始二年”。按：<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>年號，其元年當<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年，二年當<span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>四年。據<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五﹑<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三﹑<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷七﹑<span class="shuming">大唐内典録</span>卷三﹑<span class="shuming">古今譯經圖紀</span>卷二﹑<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>卷三等，皆謂<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>以<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年自<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>西行，<span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年當公元399年，正爲己亥歲，故此處“弘始二年”當爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00003','1385099',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i>“弘始元年”之誤，今改正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#7" id="13">〔5〕</a>整：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵵽”，後同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#8" id="14">〔6〕</a>天竺：我國古代稱<span class="zhuanming">印度半</span>島爲<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，始見<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>。故<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一名<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>。按：<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>已稱<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">天篤</span>，篤﹑竺二字音同。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">大宛列傳</span>及<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">張騫傳</span>又作<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>。India（<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>）一名源出Sindhu（即今<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>Indus之梵文古稱），<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天篤</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>蓋皆爲Sindhu之對音。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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四　師子國記遊
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039617" key="1039617"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039618" key="1039618"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00125','1385142',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P125</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000106">師子國概述</p><p> <span>於是載商人大舶<a class="zhuhao" href="#2044" id="2023">〔1〕</a>，汎海<a class="zhuhao" href="#2045" id="2024">〔2〕</a>西南行，得冬初信風<a class="zhuhao" href="#2046" id="2025">〔3〕</a>，晝夜十四日，到<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2047" id="2026">〔4〕</a>。彼國人云，相去可七百由延。</span> </p><p> <span>其國本在<a class="zhuhao" href="#2048" id="2027">〔5〕</a>洲上，東西五十由延，南北三十由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#2049" id="2028">〔6〕</a>。左右小洲乃有<a class="zhuhao" href="#2050" id="2029">〔7〕</a>百數，其間相去或十里﹑二十里，或二百里，皆統<a class="zhuhao" href="#2051" id="2030">〔8〕</a>屬大洲。</span> </p><p> <span>多出珍寶珠璣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2052" id="2031">〔9〕</a>。有出摩尼珠<a class="zhuhao" href="#2053" id="2032">〔10〕</a>地，方可十里。王使人守護，若有採<a class="zhuhao" href="#2054" id="2033">〔11〕</a>者，十分取三。</span> </p><p> <span>其國本無人民，正<a class="zhuhao" href="#2055" id="2034">〔12〕</a>有鬼神及龍居之。諸國商人共市易<a class="zhuhao" href="#2056" id="2035">〔13〕</a>，市易時鬼神不自現身，但出寶物<a class="zhuhao" href="#2057" id="2036">〔14〕</a>，題其價直<a class="zhuhao" href="#2058" id="2037">〔15〕</a>，商人則依價置<a class="zhuhao" href="#2059" id="2038">〔16〕</a>直取物。因商人來﹑往﹑住故<a class="zhuhao" href="#2060" id="2039">〔17〕</a>，諸國人聞其土樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#2061" id="2040">〔18〕</a>，悉亦復來，於是遂成大國。</span> </p><p> <span>其國和適<a class="zhuhao" href="#2062" id="2041">〔19〕</a>，無冬夏之異<a class="zhuhao" href="#2063" id="2042">〔20〕</a>，草木常茂<a class="zhuhao" href="#2064" id="2043">〔21〕</a>，田種隨人，無所時節。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00126','1385142',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P126</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2023" id="2044">〔1〕</a>大舶：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“大船”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“大舩”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“未舩”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2024" id="2045">〔2〕</a>海：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“海大”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2025" id="2046">〔3〕</a>冬初信風：此冬初當爲<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>五年（公元409年）之冬初。<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>東岸冬季有自東北而南之信風與海流。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2026" id="2047">〔4〕</a>師子國：即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一之<span class="zhuanming">僧迦羅國</span>（Siṃhala），今之<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>。Siṃha義爲師子（即獅子），故Siṃhala譯稱<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>得名之由來，出自神話傳説，詳見<span class="shuming">西域記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2027" id="2048">〔5〕</a>本在：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>作“大在”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“在大”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2028" id="2049">〔6〕</a>東西五十由延南北三十由延：<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（196—197頁）云：“五十由延約當三百十哩，三十由延約當一百八十哩。然<span class="zhuanming">錫蘭島</span>東西爲一百三十七哩，南北爲二百七十一哩。故東西五十由延﹑南北三十由延云云乃將東西與南北互置，且此項數字所據者乃傳説中極大概之計算也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2029" id="2050">〔7〕</a>乃有：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“乃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2030" id="2051">〔8〕</a>統：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“繞”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2031" id="2052">〔9〕</a>珠璣：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“殊機”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2032" id="2053">〔10〕</a>有出摩尼珠：“有”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“又”。摩尼（Maṇi），珠之總名，佛教經籍中常用以稱一種理想中最珍貴之寶珠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2033" id="2054">〔11〕</a>採：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“米”，蓋“采”字之訛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2034" id="2055">〔12〕</a>正：<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“止”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2035" id="2056">〔13〕</a>諸國商人共市易：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“諸商人來就鬼神共市易”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2036" id="2057">〔14〕</a>寶物：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“實物”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2037" id="2058">〔15〕</a>價直：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“賈直”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2038" id="2059">〔16〕</a>價置：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“價直”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“賈雇”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“價雇”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“價置”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2039" id="2060">〔17〕</a>故：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“欲”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2040" id="2061">〔18〕</a>土樂：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“豊樂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2041" id="2062">〔19〕</a>適：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“商”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2042" id="2063">〔20〕</a>異：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“畢”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2043" id="2064">〔21〕</a>常茂：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“當茂”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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摩竭提國巴連弗邑
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124655" key="1124655"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 摩竭提國巴連弗邑 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124656" key="1124656"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00087','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P87</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000081">摩竭提國巴連弗邑</p><p> <span>度河南下一由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1416" id="1349">〔1〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國巴連弗邑</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1417" id="1350">〔2〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>是<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>所治<a class="zhuhao" href="#1418" id="1351">〔3〕</a>。城中王宫殿皆使鬼神作，累石起墻闕，雕<a class="zhuhao" href="#1419" id="1352">〔4〕</a>文刻鏤，非世所造。今故現在<a class="zhuhao" href="#1420" id="1353">〔5〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>弟得羅漢道，常住<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1421" id="1354">〔6〕</a>，志樂閑静。王敬心請<a class="zhuhao" href="#1422" id="1355">〔7〕</a>於家供養。以樂山静，不肯受請。王語弟言：“但受我請，當爲汝於城裏作山<a class="zhuhao" href="#1423" id="1356">〔8〕</a>。”王乃具<a class="zhuhao" href="#1424" id="1357">〔9〕</a>飲食，召諸鬼神而告之曰：“明日悉受我請，無坐席<a class="zhuhao" href="#1425" id="1358">〔10〕</a>，各自賷<a class="zhuhao" href="#1426" id="1359">〔11〕</a>來。”明日<a class="zhuhao" href="#1427" id="1360">〔12〕</a>諸大鬼神各持<a class="zhuhao" href="#1428" id="1361">〔13〕</a>大石來，辟方<a class="zhuhao" href="#1429" id="1362">〔14〕</a>四五步，坐訖，即使<a class="zhuhao" href="#1430" id="1363">〔15〕</a>鬼神累作大石山。又<a class="zhuhao" href="#1431" id="1364">〔16〕</a>於山底以五大<a class="zhuhao" href="#1432" id="1365">〔17〕</a>方石作一<a class="zhuhao" href="#1433" id="1366">〔18〕</a>石室，可長三丈，廣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1434" id="1367">〔19〕</a>二丈，高丈<a class="zhuhao" href="#1435" id="1368">〔20〕</a>餘。</span> </p><p> <span>有一大乘婆羅門子，名<span class="zhuanming">羅沃私婆迷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1436" id="1369">〔21〕</a>，住此城裏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1437" id="1370">〔22〕</a>，爽悟多智，事無不達，以清净<a class="zhuhao" href="#1438" id="1371">〔23〕</a>自居。國王宗敬師事<a class="zhuhao" href="#1439" id="1372">〔24〕</a>，若往問訊，不敢並坐。王設以愛<a class="zhuhao" href="#1440" id="1373">〔25〕</a>敬心執<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00088','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P88</span></i>手，執手已，婆羅門輒自灌洗。年可五十餘，舉國瞻仰。賴此一人，弘宣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1441" id="1374">〔26〕</a>佛法，外道不能得加陵衆僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#1442" id="1375">〔27〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>於<span class="zhuanming">阿育王塔</span>邊，造<span class="zhuanming">摩訶衍僧伽藍</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1443" id="1376">〔28〕</a>，甚嚴麗。亦有小乘寺，都合六七百僧衆。威儀庠序可觀。四方高德沙門及<a class="zhuhao" href="#1444" id="1377">〔29〕</a>學問人，欲求義理，皆詣此寺。婆羅門子師亦名<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1445" id="1378">〔30〕</a>，國内大德沙門﹑諸大乘比丘，皆宗仰焉，亦住此僧伽藍。</span> </p><p> <span>凡諸<span class="zhuanming">中國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1446" id="1379">〔31〕</a>，唯此國城邑爲大<a class="zhuhao" href="#1447" id="1380">〔32〕</a>。民人富盛，競行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1448" id="1381">〔33〕</a>仁義。年年常以建卯月<a class="zhuhao" href="#1449" id="1382">〔34〕</a>八日行像<a class="zhuhao" href="#1450" id="1383">〔35〕</a>。作四輪車，縛竹作五層<a class="zhuhao" href="#1451" id="1384">〔36〕</a>，有承櫨<a class="zhuhao" href="#1452" id="1385">〔37〕</a>﹑揠戟<a class="zhuhao" href="#1453" id="1386">〔38〕</a>，高二疋餘許<a class="zhuhao" href="#1454" id="1387">〔39〕</a>，其狀如塔。又白㲲<a class="zhuhao" href="#1455" id="1388">〔40〕</a>纏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1456" id="1389">〔41〕</a>上，然後彩畫<a class="zhuhao" href="#1457" id="1390">〔42〕</a>，作諸天形像。以金﹑銀﹑琉璃<a class="zhuhao" href="#1458" id="1391">〔43〕</a>莊校其上，懸繒幡蓋。四邊作龕，皆有坐佛，菩薩立侍<a class="zhuhao" href="#1459" id="1392">〔44〕</a>。可有二十車，車車莊嚴各異。當此日<a class="zhuhao" href="#1460" id="1393">〔45〕</a>，境内道俗皆集，作倡伎樂，華香供養。婆羅門子來請佛，佛次第入城<a class="zhuhao" href="#1461" id="1394">〔46〕</a>，入城内<a class="zhuhao" href="#1462" id="1395">〔47〕</a>再宿。通夜然燈，伎樂供養。國國皆爾。其國長者﹑居士各於城中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1463" id="1396">〔48〕</a>立福德醫<a class="zhuhao" href="#1464" id="1397">〔49〕</a>藥舍，凡國中貧窮﹑孤獨﹑殘跛﹑一切病人，皆詣此舍，種種<a class="zhuhao" href="#1465" id="1398">〔50〕</a>供給。毉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1466" id="1399">〔51〕</a>師看病隨宜，飲食及湯藥皆令得安，差者自去。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>壞七塔，作八萬四千塔。最初所作大塔在城南三里餘<a class="zhuhao" href="#1467" id="1400">〔52〕</a>。此塔前有佛脚跡<a class="zhuhao" href="#1468" id="1401">〔53〕</a>，起精舍，户北向塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1469" id="1402">〔54〕</a>。塔南<a class="zhuhao" href="#1470" id="1403">〔55〕</a>有一石柱<a class="zhuhao" href="#1471" id="1404">〔56〕</a>，圍丈四﹑五<a class="zhuhao" href="#1472" id="1405">〔57〕</a>，高三丈餘<a class="zhuhao" href="#1473" id="1406">〔58〕</a>。上有銘題，云：“<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>以<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>布施四方僧，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00089','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P89</span></i>還以錢贖，如是三反<a class="zhuhao" href="#1474" id="1407">〔59〕</a>。”</span> </p><p> <span>塔北三四百步<a class="zhuhao" href="#1475" id="1408">〔60〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1476" id="1409">〔61〕</a>本<a class="zhuhao" href="#1477" id="1410">〔62〕</a>於此作<span class="zhuanming">泥梨城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1478" id="1411">〔63〕</a>。中央<a class="zhuhao" href="#1479" id="1412">〔64〕</a>有石柱，亦高三丈餘，上有師子。柱上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1480" id="1413">〔65〕</a>有銘，記<a class="zhuhao" href="#1481" id="1414">〔66〕</a>作<span class="zhuanming">泥梨城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1482" id="1415">〔67〕</a>因緣及年數﹑日月。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1349" id="1416">〔1〕</a>由延：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">摩竭</span><span class="zhuanming">提國</span><span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“由巡”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案由巡即由旬，書内通用，近刻訛作由延”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>注語如此，蓋亦未檢<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>原書也；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“曲巡”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注云“曲巡當是由旬或是由延”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“由延”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1350" id="1417">〔2〕</a>到摩竭提國巴連弗邑：“到”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“致”；“巴”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“也”，下同。“巴連弗邑”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“邑連佛邑”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“巴連佛邑”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“巴連弗邑”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案弗近刻作佛”，是又以<span class="shuming">大典本</span>爲近刻矣。<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>（Magadha）即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八﹑卷九之<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span>，爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>中游最著名之大國，又爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>“悟道成佛”及生前重要遊化地，故佛教“聖迹”最多。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>時此國首都本在<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>（詳見下〔王舍新城䓑沙王舊城〕節注〔1〕）。但<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>生時又在<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>以北之<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>重要渡口南岸建立新邑，即<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>（Pāṭaliputra），地當交通要道，其後在<span class="zhuanming">孔雀</span><span class="zhuanming">王朝</span>（Maurya dynasty）建立以前，此城即已成爲<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>之首都。<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>之祖即<span class="zhuanming">孔雀王朝</span>創立者<span class="zhuanming">旃陀羅笈多</span>（Chandragupta，約公元前324—300年），<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>之父<span class="zhuanming">賓頭沙羅</span>（Bindusāra，約公元前300—273年），及<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>，亦皆建都於此。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八譯作<span class="zhuanming">波吒釐子城</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">印度比哈爾邦</span>之<span class="zhuanming">巴特那</span>（Patnā）也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1351" id="1418">〔3〕</a>治：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“治城”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1352" id="1419">〔4〕</a>雕：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“彫”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“彫”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1353" id="1420">〔5〕</a>今故現在：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“今故在”。此<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>諸宫殿之精美也，然二百餘年後<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>遊<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>時，則荒蕪已久，唯存基址矣（見<span class="shuming">大<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00090','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P90</span></i>唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span>）。此下有關<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>弟﹑城南<span class="zhuanming">阿育王塔</span>﹑佛脚跡﹑起精舍﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>二石柱﹑作<span class="zhuanming">泥犂城</span>等佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1354" id="1421">〔6〕</a>耆闍崛山：“耆”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“者”。<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>（Gṛidhrakūṭa）即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">姞栗陀羅矩吒山</span>，亦作<span class="zhuanming">鷲峯山</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王</span>舊城（詳見〔王舍新城䓑沙王舊城〕節注〔6〕）東北。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1355" id="1422">〔7〕</a>王敬心請：“王”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“主”。“請”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“欲請”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1356" id="1423">〔8〕</a>山：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1357" id="1424">〔9〕</a>具：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“具弁”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1358" id="1425">〔10〕</a>無坐席：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“我無坐席”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“無座席。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1359" id="1426">〔11〕</a>賷：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“賫”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“齎”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1360" id="1427">〔12〕</a>明日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“明”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1361" id="1428">〔13〕</a>持：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“齎”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1362" id="1429">〔14〕</a>辟方：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“壁方”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1363" id="1430">〔15〕</a>使：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1364" id="1431">〔16〕</a>又：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“大”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1365" id="1432">〔17〕</a>五大：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“五丈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1366" id="1433">〔18〕</a>一：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1367" id="1434">〔19〕</a>廣：<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“長”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1368" id="1435">〔20〕</a>丈：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“一丈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1369" id="1436">〔21〕</a>羅沃私婆迷：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“羅汰私婆迷”，<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>於“汰”字下注“音太”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“羅汏秘婆迷”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“羅汰私迷”；<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“羅󱎔私婆迷”，並注：“󱎔音盤末反”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“羅沃私婆迷”，今據改。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“羅狀私婆亦名文殊師利”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“羅汰私婆亦名文殊師利”。按：據<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五<span class="shuming">智猛法師傳</span>言<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>遊<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>後不久，<span class="zhuanming">智猛</span>亦至<span class="zhuanming">華氏城</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>），遇“大智婆羅門，名<span class="zhuanming">羅閲宗</span>，舉族弘法，王所欽重，造純銀塔高三丈，沙門<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>先於其家已得六卷<span class="shuming">泥洹</span>，及見<span class="zhuanming">猛</span>問云：‘<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>地有大乘學不？’答曰：‘悉大乘學。’<span class="zhuanming">羅閲</span>驚歎曰：‘希有，希有！將非菩薩往化耶！’<span class="zhuanming">猛</span>就其家得<span class="shuming">泥洹</span>梵本一部，又尋得<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>一部及餘經梵本，誓願流通，於是便反。以甲子歲（<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>元年即公元424年）發<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00091','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P91</span></i><span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>”，經<span class="zhuanming">凉州</span>歸來。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（140—141頁）以爲<span class="zhuanming">羅沃私婆迷</span>與此<span class="zhuanming">羅閲宗</span>爲同一人，其説頗有理。至於<span class="zhuanming">羅沃私婆迷</span>一名，得爲梵文Rājasvāmin之對音，意爲王所尊者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1370" id="1437">〔22〕</a>住此城裏：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“住在城裏”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1371" id="1438">〔23〕</a>清淨：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1372" id="1439">〔24〕</a>師事：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“師事之”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1373" id="1440">〔25〕</a>設以愛：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“説以受”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“説以愛”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1374" id="1441">〔26〕</a>弘宣：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“於宣”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“弘宣”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“宏宣”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1375" id="1442">〔27〕</a>外道不能得加陵衆僧：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“外不能陵”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注云：“外下疑脱一道字。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1376" id="1443">〔28〕</a>阿育王塔邊造摩訶衍僧伽藍：此<span class="zhuanming">阿育王塔</span>當即下文在城南三里餘之最初所作大塔；此<span class="zhuanming">摩訶衍</span>（Mahāyāna）<span class="zhuanming">僧伽藍</span>（<span class="zhuanming">大乘寺</span>）當即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="zhuanming">波吒釐子</span>故城東南之<span class="zhuanming">屈屈吒阿濫摩</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">雞園</span>）<span class="zhuanming">僧伽藍</span>。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>言此僧伽藍即在塔邊，然<span class="shuming">西域記</span>似分塔與僧伽藍爲兩處（塔在故城内而僧伽藍則在故城外），<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（146頁）以爲<span class="shuming">西域記</span>似有錯誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1377" id="1444">〔29〕</a>及：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“乃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1378" id="1445">〔30〕</a>文殊師利：梵文MañjuSrī之音譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1379" id="1446">〔31〕</a>凡諸中國：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“凡諸中國”；唯<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“凡諸國中”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>並注云：“案原本（當指<span class="shuming">大典本</span>）及近刻竝訛作中國，今改正。”<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注云：“按<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>所謂<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，蓋<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>之國稱<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>者甚多，故言凡諸<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>乙作國中，誤矣。”此亦<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏不熟悉釋典，未檢閲<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之一例也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1380" id="1447">〔32〕</a>唯此國城邑爲大：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“惟此城爲大”。按：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>言“此國城邑”，蓋指<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>境内諸城邑，<span class="shuming">河水注</span>言“此城”，則但指<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>矣，其間含意略有出入。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1381" id="1448">〔33〕</a>競行：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“󵶂行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1382" id="1449">〔34〕</a>常以建卯月：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“當以達迎月”。<span class="zhuanming">唐不空</span>譯<span class="shuming">文殊師利菩薩及諸仙所説吉凶時日善惡宿曜經</span>卷上<span class="zhuanming">揚景風</span>注曰：“<span class="zhuanming">大唐</span>以建寅爲歲初，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>以建卯爲歲首，……呼建卯爲角月。”又於“角月”下注曰：“<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>之二月也。”</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00092','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P92</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1383" id="1450">〔35〕</a>行像：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“行僧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1384" id="1451">〔36〕</a>層：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“曾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1385" id="1452">〔37〕</a>承櫨：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“承攎”。“櫨”即斗栱，因其爲一種支承構件，故稱承櫨。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1386" id="1453">〔38〕</a>揠戟：“揠”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“偃”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“擾”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“椻”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>皆作“揠”，今據改。“揠”是拔出的意思，“戟”有枝格的意思，“揠戟”乃一種帶叉牙的支柱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1387" id="1454">〔39〕</a>二疋餘許：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“二丈餘許”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“二由延許”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“二丈許”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“二匹許”；<span class="shuming">音義</span>於此有“二匹”一條，引<span class="shuming">説文</span>，四丈也；又云：“<span class="shuming">（法顯）傳</span>作疋，俗字也。”<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本當作“二疋餘許”（或“二疋許”），今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1388" id="1455">〔40〕</a>白㲲：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“白縶”。“白㲲”即棉布也，參見前〔竭叉國〕節注〔12〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1389" id="1456">〔41〕</a>纏：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“障”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“鄣”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1390" id="1457">〔42〕</a>畫：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“盡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1391" id="1458">〔43〕</a>琉璃：<span class="shuming">石木</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“流離”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1392" id="1459">〔44〕</a>菩薩立侍：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“菩薩車上立侍”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1393" id="1460">〔45〕</a>日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“因”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1394" id="1461">〔46〕</a>入城：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“入城内”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1395" id="1462">〔47〕</a>入城内：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“入城”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1396" id="1463">〔48〕</a>城中：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“城内”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1397" id="1464">〔49〕</a>醫：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“監”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“毉”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1398" id="1465">〔50〕</a>種種：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“種”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1399" id="1466">〔51〕</a>毉：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“醫”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1400" id="1467">〔52〕</a>三里餘：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“二里餘”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注“二，一作三”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案二近刻作三”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏蓋亦未檢對<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>也；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“三里餘”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注“三，一作二”，<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注“<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作三”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1401" id="1468">〔53〕</a>佛脚跡：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“佛跡”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文亦作“佛跡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1402" id="1469">〔54〕</a>起精舍户北向塔：此精舍即<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律私記</span>所稱<span class="zhuanming">阿育王塔</span>南<span class="zhuanming">天<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00093','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P93</span></i>王精舍</span>，見後。“户北向塔”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“户北向塔開”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“北户向塔”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案北户近刻作户北”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏蓋亦未檢對<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“户北向塔”，<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注“<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作户北”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1403" id="1470">〔55〕</a>塔南：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“南”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“南”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均作“塔南”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1404" id="1471">〔56〕</a>有一石柱：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八亦記此石柱銘題，云：“有大石柱，高三十餘尺，書記殘缺，其大略曰：‘<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>信根貞固，三以<span class="zhuanming">贍部洲</span>施佛﹑法﹑僧，三以諸珍寶重自酬贖。’其辭云云，大略斯在。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1405" id="1472">〔57〕</a>圍丈四五：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“大四五圍”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案此四字近刻訛作圍丈四五”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏蓋亦未檢對<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“圍丈四五”，<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注“<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作圍丈四五”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1406" id="1473">〔58〕</a>高三丈餘：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“高三尺餘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1407" id="1474">〔59〕</a>還以錢贖如是三反：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“還以錢贖”，蓋<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>注於此略去“如是三反”四字也；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“還以錢贖塔”。夫<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>所贖者，<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提洲</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>注本不誤，<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>增“塔”字則誤矣。<span class="shuming">殿本</span>且加注云“案近刻脱一塔字”，不知<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>所稱爲原本之<span class="shuming">大典本</span>原無“塔”字，此亦<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>從<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>致誤而非出<span class="shuming">大典本</span>之一例也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1408" id="1475">〔60〕</a>三四百步：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“三百步”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“三四百步”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1409" id="1476">〔61〕</a>阿育王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>少“育”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1410" id="1477">〔62〕</a>本：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1411" id="1478">〔63〕</a>泥梨城：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“泥犂城”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“泥梨城”，今據改。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“泥梨城”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“泥犂城”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“泥犁城”。<span class="zhuanming">泥梨</span>或<span class="zhuanming">泥犂</span>爲梵語Niraya之音譯，即地獄。<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>作地獄之傳説詳見下文。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1412" id="1479">〔64〕</a>中央：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“泥梨城中”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“中”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“梨城中”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“中”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“泥犂城中”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“城中”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案近刻脱一城字”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00094','1385130',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P94</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1413" id="1480">〔65〕</a>柱上：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“柱”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1414" id="1481">〔66〕</a>記：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“記曰”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注云“曰字衍”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1415" id="1482">〔67〕</a>泥梨城：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“泥犂城”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“泥梨城”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“泥犂城”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“泥犂城”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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題注
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124659" key="1124659"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 題注 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124660" key="1124660"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00001','1385098',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000014"><b>法顯傳校注</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">東晉沙門釋法顯撰</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">章巽　校注<a class="zhuhao" href="#2" id="1">〔1〕</a></span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1" id="2">〔1〕</a><span class="shuming">圓本</span>卷首原題分兩行，第一行作“法顯傳一卷　通”，第二行作“東晉沙門　法顯自記遊天竺事”。<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>同。<span class="shuming">磧本</span>“通”作“通三”；<span class="shuming">金本</span>第一行作“昔道人法顯從長安行西至天竺傳一卷　廣”，第二行作“東晉沙門釋法顯自記遊天竺事”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>僅題“法顯傳一卷</span> <span class="font12 xiaozhu">自記</span> <span class="font12 zhu">”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>“法顯傳一卷”上多“高僧”二字，“通”作“廣”，“東晉沙門”下多“釋”字；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>均題“佛國記　宋釋法顯撰”，<span class="shuming">津本</span>“撰”字下尚有“明胡震亨毛晉同訂”八字；<span class="shuming">院本</span>題作“歷遊天竺記傳</span> <span class="font12 xiaozhu">一云法顯傳</span> <span class="font12 zhu">　東晉沙門釋法顯撰”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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小孤石山　那羅聚落
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124663" key="1124663"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 小孤石山　那羅聚落 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124664" key="1124664"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00094','1385131',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P94</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000083">小孤石山　那羅聚落</p><p> <span>從此東南行九由延，至一小孤石山<a class="zhuhao" href="#1495" id="1483">〔1〕</a>。山頭<a class="zhuhao" href="#1496" id="1484">〔2〕</a>有石室，石室<a class="zhuhao" href="#1497" id="1485">〔3〕</a>南向。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>坐其中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1498" id="1486">〔4〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>將天樂<span class="zhuanming">般遮</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1499" id="1487">〔5〕</a>彈琴樂<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>處。<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1500" id="1488">〔6〕</a>以四十二事問<span class="zhuanming">佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1501" id="1489">〔7〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>一一以指畫石，畫跡故在<a class="zhuhao" href="#1502" id="1490">〔8〕</a>。此中亦有僧伽藍。</span> </p><p> <span>從此西南行一由延，到<span class="zhuanming">那羅聚落</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1503" id="1491">〔9〕</a>，是<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>本生村。<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1504" id="1492">〔10〕</a>還於此村中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1505" id="1493">〔11〕</a>般泥洹。即此處起塔，今亦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1506" id="1494">〔12〕</a>現在。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1483" id="1495">〔1〕</a>從此東南行九由延至一小孤石山：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於小孤石山之記載，曾將此句改寫，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“恒水東又南逕小孤石山”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“恒水東又東南逕小孤石山”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“恒水又東南逕小孤石山”。此小孤石山即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">因陀羅勢羅窶訶山</span>（Indrasailaguhā）即<span class="zhuanming">帝釋窟</span>。<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（110頁注〔2〕）云，其地今名Giryek（giri＋eka，即“一座巖石”之意）。<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（80頁注〔4〕）云，此山即在<span class="zhuanming"><span class="song">Giryek</span></span>村旁，瀕<span class="zhuanming">Pañchāna河</span>，距<span class="zhuanming">伽耶</span>（Gayā）三十六哩。<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>以四十二事問之神話傳説，亦見<span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷九。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1484" id="1496">〔2〕</a>山頭：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>無“山”字。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00095','1385131',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P95</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1485" id="1497">〔3〕</a>石室：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">戴本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1486" id="1498">〔4〕</a>佛坐其中：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“佛昔坐中”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“佛昔坐其中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1487" id="1499">〔5〕</a>般遮：<span class="zhuanming">般遮</span>爲梵文Pañcha之音譯，樂神名。<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（80—81頁）將此樂神之梵名還原爲Pañcha—sikha。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1488" id="1500">〔6〕</a>帝釋：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“天帝釋”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1489" id="1501">〔7〕</a>問佛：“問”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“門”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1490" id="1502">〔8〕</a>佛一一以指畫石畫跡故在：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆無“佛”字。“畫跡故在”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“跡故故在”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“佛以三指畫跡故在”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“一一以指畫石畫跡故在”。<span class="shuming">趙本</span>注云“<span class="zhuanming">一清</span>按，<span class="zhuanming">孫</span>氏<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>用<span class="zhuanming">趙清常</span>三校本旁注‘佛以三指畫石’，愚意古書凡重文皆作二，此句之首，應有佛字，與上佛字重，後人傳鈔，遂析爲一一，<span class="shuming">趙本</span>‘三’字疑亦妄增爾”（按：依<span class="zhuanming">趙一清</span>注，認爲此文之“一一”二字即上句末“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>”字之重文，此文原當作“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>以指畫石，畫跡故在”）。<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“佛以三指畫石畫迹故在”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“佛一一以指畫石畫跡故在”，<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注“<span class="zhuanming">守敬</span>按，<span class="shuming">括地志</span>正作佛一一以指畫石，<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>亦脱佛字”。今據此於句首增一“佛”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1491" id="1503">〔9〕</a>那羅聚落：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“羅聚落”。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九記<span class="zhuanming">因陀羅勢羅窶訶山</span>西三十餘里外，有<span class="zhuanming">迦羅臂拏迦邑</span>（Kālapināka），爲<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>本生故里，又爲其寂滅地。<span class="zhuanming">那羅聚落</span>與此邑蓋即一地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1492" id="1504">〔10〕</a>本生村舍利弗：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>缺此六字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1493" id="1505">〔11〕</a>此村中：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“此中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1494" id="1506">〔12〕</a>亦：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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藍莫國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124667" key="1124667"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 藍莫國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124668" key="1124668"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00074','1385125',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P74</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000071">藍莫國</p><p> <span>從<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>生處東行五由延，有國名<span class="zhuanming">藍莫</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1154" id="1137">〔1〕</a>。此國王得<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>一分舍利<a class="zhuhao" href="#1155" id="1138">〔2〕</a>，還歸起塔，即名<span class="zhuanming">藍莫塔</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1156" id="1139">〔3〕</a>。塔邊有池，池中有龍，常守護此塔，晝夜供養。<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>出世，欲破八塔作八萬四千塔，破七塔已，次欲破此塔，龍便現身，持<a class="zhuhao" href="#1157" id="1140">〔4〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>入其宫中，觀諸供養具已，語王言：“汝供<a class="zhuhao" href="#1158" id="1141">〔5〕</a>若能勝是，便可壞之持去，吾不與汝争<a class="zhuhao" href="#1159" id="1142">〔6〕</a>。”<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>知其供養具非世之有<a class="zhuhao" href="#1160" id="1143">〔7〕</a>，於是便還<a class="zhuhao" href="#1161" id="1144">〔8〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>此中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1162" id="1145">〔9〕</a>荒蕪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1163" id="1146">〔10〕</a>，無人灑掃。常有羣象<a class="zhuhao" href="#1164" id="1147">〔11〕</a>以鼻取水灑<a class="zhuhao" href="#1165" id="1148">〔12〕</a>地，取雜華香而供養塔。諸國有道人來，欲禮拜塔，遇象大怖，依樹自翳，見象如法供養。道人大自悲感：此中無有僧伽藍可供養此塔，乃令象灑掃。道人即捨大戒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1166" id="1149">〔13〕</a>，還作沙彌，自挽草木，平治處所，使得<a class="zhuhao" href="#1167" id="1150">〔14〕</a>净潔，勸化國王作僧住處，己爲寺主<a class="zhuhao" href="#1168" id="1151">〔15〕</a>。今現有僧住。此事在近。自爾相承至今，恒以沙彌爲寺主。</span> </p><p> <span>從此東行三由延，太子遣<span class="zhuanming">車匿</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1169" id="1152">〔16〕</a>﹑白馬還處，亦起塔。</span> </p><p> <span>從此東行四由延，到<span class="zhuanming">炭塔</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1170" id="1153">〔17〕</a>，亦有僧伽藍。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1137" id="1154">〔1〕</a>藍莫：即<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六之<span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>（Rāma），故址在今<span class="zhuanming">尼泊爾</span>南部<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00075','1385125',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P75</span></i>之<span class="zhuanming">達馬里</span>（Dharmaulī即Dharmapurī）附近。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1138" id="1155">〔2〕</a>此國王得佛一分舍利：佛教傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>寂滅後焚身畢，有八國國王分取其舍利，還歸起塔，<span class="zhuanming">藍莫</span>亦其中之一國。下文言<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>“欲破八塔”，即此八國之塔也。此下關於池龍現身見<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>﹑羣象供養塔﹑沙彌爲寺主﹑太子遣還<span class="zhuanming">車匿</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">炭塔</span>等佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1139" id="1156">〔3〕</a>藍莫塔：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">藍莫塔</span>之記載，各本首句皆作“<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>又東逕<span class="zhuanming">藍莫塔</span>”，此八字非傳文原有。按：<span class="zhuanming">藍莫</span>去<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>甚遠，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏所加此句誤也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1140" id="1157">〔4〕</a>持：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“將”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1141" id="1158">〔5〕</a>汝供：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“汝供養”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1142" id="1159">〔6〕</a>爭：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“諍”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1143" id="1160">〔7〕</a>有：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“所有”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1144" id="1161">〔8〕</a>自“阿育王出世……”至“……於是便還”七十八字：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文略作“阿育王欲破塔作八萬四千塔悟龍王所供知非世有遂止”（<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>脱“有”字及“止”字）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1145" id="1162">〔9〕</a>此中：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>無此二字；<span class="shuming">殿本</span>於此二字下注云：“案：近刻脱此中二字。”按：<span class="shuming">殿本</span>自稱據<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，實則<span class="shuming">大典本</span>亦脱“此中”二字，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏案語似未取<span class="shuming">大典本</span>對校。又<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注稱<span class="shuming">趙本</span>已增“此中”二字，亦誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1146" id="1163">〔10〕</a>荒蕪：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“空荒”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“荒蕪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1147" id="1164">〔11〕</a>象：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶌”，即“象”之古字“𤉢”也。下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1148" id="1165">〔12〕</a>灑：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“洒”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“灑”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1149" id="1166">〔13〕</a>大戒：即具足戒。沙彌僅受初步之十戒，未受完全之具足戒，故此云捨大戒還作沙彌也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1150" id="1167">〔14〕</a>使得：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“便得”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1151" id="1168">〔15〕</a>主：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1152" id="1169">〔16〕</a>車匿：<span class="zhuanming">車匿</span>（梵文Chandaka，巴利文Channa）乃<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>爲太子時之侍者。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>下作<span class="zhuanming">闡鐸迦</span>。相傳太子欲出家，在此<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00076','1385125',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P76</span></i>將解下的寶衣，摘去的瓔珞，以及所乘白馬交<span class="zhuanming">車匿</span>帶歸。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1153" id="1170">〔17〕</a>炭塔：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>下，記此塔建於<span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>東<span class="zhuanming">尼拘盧陀林</span>，乃自<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>焚身地收所餘灰炭來此建塔。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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拘夷那竭城
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124671" key="1124671"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 拘夷那竭城 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124672" key="1124672"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00076','1385126',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P76</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000073">拘夷那竭城</p><p> <span>復東行十二由延，到<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1180" id="1171">〔1〕</a>。城北雙樹間<a class="zhuhao" href="#1181" id="1172">〔2〕</a><span class="zhuanming">希連河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1182" id="1173">〔3〕</a>邊，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>於此北首而般泥洹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1183" id="1174">〔4〕</a>。及<span class="zhuanming">須跋</span>最後得道處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1184" id="1175">〔5〕</a>，以金棺供養<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>七日處，金剛力士<a class="zhuhao" href="#1185" id="1176">〔6〕</a>放金杵處，八王分舍利處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1186" id="1177">〔7〕</a>。諸處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1187" id="1178">〔8〕</a>皆起塔，有僧伽藍，今悉現在。</span> </p><p> <span>其城中人民亦稀曠，止<a class="zhuhao" href="#1188" id="1179">〔9〕</a>有衆僧民户。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1171" id="1180">〔1〕</a>拘夷那竭城：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭城</span>之記載，“竭”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>均作“󵵾”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注云“󵵾當作喝”；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“褐”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案褐，近刻作竭”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏蓋不知本傳原作“竭”字；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“喝”，<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>云“竭，<span class="zhuanming">全祖望</span>校改喝”，亦不知本傳原作“竭”字也；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均作“竭”。“城”字，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本皆作“國”。又<span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文首句皆謂“<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>東南流逕<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭國</span>南”，非傳文原有。按：<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭國</span>去<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>甚遠，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏所加此句亦誤。<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那揭城</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六之<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅國</span>（Kusinagara）。<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那揭城</span>故址所在，學者所説不一；據<span class="shuming">瓦氏書</span>卷二（339—340頁）所載<span class="shuming">史氏記</span>引用<span class="zhuanming">卡德加·沙姆謝爾·忠格親王</span>（Prince Khaḍga Shamshēr Jang，Rāṇa Bahādur）説，則主張在今<span class="zhuanming">尼泊爾</span>南境<span class="zhuanming">小臘普提</span>（Little Rāptī）及<span class="zhuanming">干達克</span>（Gandak）兩河合流處之南，即<span class="zhuanming">巴伐沙格脱</span>（Bhavasār Ghāṭ）之附近。此説並以<span class="zhuanming">小臘普提河</span>爲Achiravatī河（即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六之<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>Ajitavatī或<span class="zhuanming">阿利羅跋提河</span>Achiravatī），<span class="zhuanming">干達克<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00077','1385126',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P77</span></i>河</span>爲Hiraṇyavatī（即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六之<span class="zhuanming">尸賴拏伐底河</span>Siraṇyavaīt），二河不應混而爲一。按：以上皆<span class="zhuanming">卡德加·沙姆謝爾·忠格親王</span>之見解，他的原作（載Pioneer Mail，1904年2月26日），今無從得見；然就其結論而推考之，則頗爲合理。蓋如依其結論，<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭城</span>故址在今<span class="zhuanming">小臘普提河</span>（即古<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>）與今<span class="zhuanming">干達克河</span>（即古<span class="zhuanming">尸賴拏伐底河</span>）合流處之南，則此城之北，有二河皆自東向西流去，漸匯合而成一河，而此匯合點略東的二河之間，即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>般泥洹之地，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>稱爲“雙樹間”，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>稱爲“娑羅林”者是也。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六云，<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那揭城</span>“西北三四里，渡<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>，西岸不遠，至娑羅林，……<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>寂滅之所也。”今<span class="zhuanming">小臘普提河</span>正在古<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那揭城</span>與娑羅林之間，即此<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>也。而娑羅林之西，尚有一河。何以知尚有一河？據<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>僧人<span class="zhuanming">慧超</span><span class="shuming">往五</span><span class="shuming">天竺國傳</span>知之。<span class="shuming">往五天竺國傳</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那國</span>（按：即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那揭城</span>），……<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>入涅槃處（按：即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之“雙樹間”）置塔，……此塔西有一河，<span class="zhuanming">伊羅缽（鉢）底水</span>，南流二千里外，方入<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>。”由此可見<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃處（即“雙樹間”）之西，尚有一河，名<span class="zhuanming">伊羅鉢底</span>。此<span class="zhuanming">伊羅鉢底河</span>，即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">希連河</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">尸賴拏伐底河</span>，亦即今<span class="zhuanming">干達克河</span>，其下游正入<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>也。綜合<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧超</span><span class="shuming">往五天竺國傳</span>所載以觀可知<span class="zhuanming">卡德加·沙姆謝爾·忠格親王</span>之説頗爲合理，可以成立。唯此説與<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六之注文互有矛盾：<span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六於<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>下注云：“<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">無勝</span>，此世共稱耳。舊云<span class="zhuanming">阿利羅跋提河</span>，訛也。典（典或作舊）言謂之<span class="zhuanming">尸賴拏伐底河</span>，譯曰<span class="zhuanming">有金</span>（金或作金沙）<span class="zhuanming">河</span>。”此注蓋以<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底</span>與<span class="zhuanming">尸賴拏伐底</span>爲一河。然就譯名論，顯然有兩組，<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>與<span class="zhuanming">阿利羅跋提河</span>爲一組，<span class="zhuanming">希連河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">尸賴拏伐底河</span>與<span class="zhuanming">伊羅鉢底河</span>又爲一組，兩組間不似可相通轉，蓋是兩河而非一河。或者因<span class="zhuanming">小臘普提河</span>下游注入<span class="zhuanming">干達克河</span>之故；古時遂有將兩河之名混而爲一之事乎以下關於雙樹間般泥洹地﹑<span class="zhuanming">須跋</span>得道﹑金棺供養﹑金剛力士﹑八王分舍利等佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1172" id="1181">〔2〕</a>雙樹間：“樹”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“林”。雙樹間即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>般泥洹之地點，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅國</span>下稱此爲娑羅林（Sālavana），謂在<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭城</span>附近，出城西北三四里，渡<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>，西岸不遠，即至其地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1173" id="1182">〔3〕</a>希連河：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“希連禪河”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“有希連<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00078','1385126',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P78</span></i>禪河”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>於“河”字下注云，“<span class="zhuanming">謝兆申</span>云，河下疑又有一河字”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均於“河”字下增一“河”字，但<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>皆未增，此亦<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏同<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>而未遵<span class="shuming">大典本</span>之一例。<span class="zhuanming">希連河</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅國</span>下注文中所稱之<span class="zhuanming">尸賴拏伐底河</span>，應在雙樹間之西。參見本節注〔1〕。又，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“希連禪河”，增一“禪”字，<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（351頁）以爲乃與<span class="zhuanming">尼連禪河</span>（<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>成道地之河）混同而誤增者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1174" id="1183">〔4〕</a>而般泥洹：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆無“而”字。“洹”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“𣵀”；<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“涅”，注云：“<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作北首般泥洹，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>法師<span class="shuming">不敬王者論</span>云，冥神絶境，謂之泥洹，今作泥涅誤。”<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“湼”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“洹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1175" id="1184">〔5〕</a>須跋最後得道處：<span class="zhuanming">須跋</span>乃梵文Subhadra音譯之略，<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅國</span>下作<span class="zhuanming">蘇跋陀羅</span>。佛教神話傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">須跋</span>聞<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>在雙樹間將入涅槃，急來受教，成爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>生前的最後一個弟子，並先<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>而入涅槃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1176" id="1185">〔6〕</a>金剛力士：金剛力士即佛教神話傳説中的執金剛神（Vajrapāṇi），以手執金剛杵，懲惡護法而得名，此時因見<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>入涅槃，捨金剛杵，悲痛欲絶。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1177" id="1186">〔7〕</a>八王分舍利處：佛教傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>寂滅後焚身畢，有八國國王分取其舍利，還歸起塔。此八國名諸處之記載不盡相同，據<span class="shuming">佛説長阿含經</span>卷四爲：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（1）<span class="zhuanming">拘尸國</span>—即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭城</span>；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（2）<span class="zhuanming">波婆國</span>（Pāvā）；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（3）<span class="zhuanming">遮羅國</span>（Allakappa）；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（4）<span class="zhuanming">羅摩伽國</span>—即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">藍莫國</span>；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（5）<span class="zhuanming">毗留提國</span>（Vaiṣṭradvīpa）；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（6）<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>—即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（7）<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>—即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（8）<span class="zhuanming">摩竭國</span>—即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1178" id="1187">〔8〕</a>諸處：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“此諸處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1179" id="1188">〔9〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“正”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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諸梨車欲逐佛般泥洹處
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124675" key="1124675"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 諸梨車欲逐佛般泥洹處 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124676" key="1124676"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00079','1385127',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P79</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000075">諸梨車欲逐佛般泥洹處</p><p> <span>從此東南行十二由延，到<a class="zhuhao" href="#1194" id="1189">〔1〕</a>諸<span class="zhuanming">梨車</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1195" id="1190">〔2〕</a>欲逐<a class="zhuhao" href="#1196" id="1191">〔3〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>般泥洹處。而<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>不聽，戀<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>不肯去。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>化作大深壍<a class="zhuhao" href="#1197" id="1192">〔4〕</a>，不得渡。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>與鉢作信遣還。其處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1198" id="1193">〔5〕</a>立石柱，上有銘題。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1189" id="1194">〔1〕</a>到：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“則”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1190" id="1195">〔2〕</a>梨車：<span class="zhuanming">梨車</span>（Licchavi）爲散布在古<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>東北部<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>一帶之一部族（<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>參見下節注〔2〕）。佛教神話傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>將離<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>赴<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭城</span>而入涅槃，諸<span class="zhuanming">梨車</span>追逐相從不肯去，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>乃化作大深壍以止之，並留鉢爲作追念。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="zhuanming">吠舍釐國</span>下亦記此事，<span class="zhuanming">梨車</span>譯作<span class="zhuanming">栗呫婆子</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1191" id="1196">〔3〕</a>逐：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>作“遂”；他各本皆作“逐”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1192" id="1197">〔4〕</a>壍：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“繋”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1193" id="1198">〔5〕</a>處：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“家”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“家處”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“處”，<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>據改，今從之。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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毗舍離國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124678" key="1124678"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 毗舍離國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124679" key="1124679"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00079','1385128',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P79</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000077">毗舍離國</p><p> <span>自此東行五由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1257" id="1199">〔1〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1258" id="1200">〔2〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>北，大林重閣精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#1259" id="1201">〔3〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>住處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1260" id="1202">〔4〕</a>，及<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>半身塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1261" id="1203">〔5〕</a>。其城裏本<span class="zhuanming">菴婆羅女</span>家，爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>起塔，今故現在<a class="zhuhao" href="#1262" id="1204">〔6〕</a>。城南三里，道西，<span class="zhuanming">菴婆羅女</span>以園施<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，作<a class="zhuhao" href="#1263" id="1205">〔7〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>住處。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>將般泥洹，與諸弟子出<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>西門，迴身右轉，顧看<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00080','1385128',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P80</span></i>城</span>，告諸弟子：“是吾最後所行處。”後人於此處起塔。</span> </p><p> <span>城<a class="zhuhao" href="#1264" id="1206">〔8〕</a>西北三里，有<a class="zhuhao" href="#1265" id="1207">〔9〕</a>塔，名<span class="zhuanming">放弓仗</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1266" id="1208">〔10〕</a>。以名此者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1267" id="1209">〔11〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1268" id="1210">〔12〕</a>流有一國王，王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1269" id="1211">〔13〕</a>小夫人生一<a class="zhuhao" href="#1270" id="1212">〔14〕</a>肉胎，大夫人妬<a class="zhuhao" href="#1271" id="1213">〔15〕</a>之，言：“汝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1272" id="1214">〔16〕</a>生不祥之徵。”即盛以木函，擲<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>中。下流有國王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1273" id="1215">〔17〕</a>遊觀，見水上木函，開看，見千小兒，端正殊特<a class="zhuhao" href="#1274" id="1216">〔18〕</a>，王即<a class="zhuhao" href="#1275" id="1217">〔19〕</a>取養之。遂使<a class="zhuhao" href="#1276" id="1218">〔20〕</a>長大，甚勇健，所往征伐，無不摧伏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1277" id="1219">〔21〕</a>。次<a class="zhuhao" href="#1278" id="1220">〔22〕</a>伐父王本國，王大愁憂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1279" id="1221">〔23〕</a>。小夫人問王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1280" id="1222">〔24〕</a>：“何故愁憂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1281" id="1223">〔25〕</a>？”王曰：“彼國王有千子，勇健無比，欲來<a class="zhuhao" href="#1282" id="1224">〔26〕</a>伐吾國<a class="zhuhao" href="#1283" id="1225">〔27〕</a>，是以愁耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#1284" id="1226">〔28〕</a>。”小夫人言：“王勿愁憂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1285" id="1227">〔29〕</a>！但於城東<a class="zhuhao" href="#1286" id="1228">〔30〕</a>作高樓，賊來時，置我樓上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1287" id="1229">〔31〕</a>，則我能却之。”王如其<a class="zhuhao" href="#1288" id="1230">〔32〕</a>言。至賊到時<a class="zhuhao" href="#1289" id="1231">〔33〕</a>，小夫人於樓上語賊言<a class="zhuhao" href="#1290" id="1232">〔34〕</a>：“汝是我子，何故作反逆事<a class="zhuhao" href="#1291" id="1233">〔35〕</a>？”賊曰：“汝是何人，云是我母？”小夫人曰：“汝等若不信者，盡仰向張口<a class="zhuhao" href="#1292" id="1234">〔36〕</a>。”小夫人即以<a class="zhuhao" href="#1293" id="1235">〔37〕</a>兩手搆<a class="zhuhao" href="#1294" id="1236">〔38〕</a>兩乳<a class="zhuhao" href="#1295" id="1237">〔39〕</a>，乳各<a class="zhuhao" href="#1296" id="1238">〔40〕</a>作五百道，墮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1297" id="1239">〔41〕</a>千子口中。賊知是我<a class="zhuhao" href="#1298" id="1240">〔42〕</a>母，即放弓仗。二父王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1299" id="1241">〔43〕</a>於是思惟<a class="zhuhao" href="#1300" id="1242">〔44〕</a>，皆得辟支佛。二辟支佛塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1301" id="1243">〔45〕</a>猶在。後<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1302" id="1244">〔46〕</a>成道，告諸弟子：“是吾<a class="zhuhao" href="#1303" id="1245">〔47〕</a>昔時放弓仗處。”後人得知，於此<a class="zhuhao" href="#1304" id="1246">〔48〕</a>立塔，故以名焉。千小兒者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1305" id="1247">〔49〕</a>，即賢劫千佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#1306" id="1248">〔50〕</a>是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1307" id="1249">〔51〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>於<span class="zhuanming">放弓仗塔</span>邊<a class="zhuhao" href="#1308" id="1250">〔52〕</a>告<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>言：“我却後三月，當般泥洹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1309" id="1251">〔53〕</a>。”<span class="zhuanming">魔王</span>嬈固<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，使不得請<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>住世<a class="zhuhao" href="#1310" id="1252">〔54〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>從此東行三四里，有塔。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>般泥洹後百年，有<span class="zhuanming">毗舍<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00081','1385128',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P81</span></i>離</span>比丘錯行戒律，十事證言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>説如是<a class="zhuhao" href="#1311" id="1253">〔55〕</a>。爾時諸羅漢及持戒律比丘凡夫者有七百僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#1312" id="1254">〔56〕</a>，更檢校律藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1313" id="1255">〔57〕</a>。後人於此處起塔，今亦在<a class="zhuhao" href="#1314" id="1256">〔58〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1199" id="1257">〔1〕</a>東行五由延：<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（126頁）謂此東行應爲東南行。“五由延”三字，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“由延”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“十由延”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1200" id="1258">〔2〕</a>毗舍離國：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>之記載，於引文前加“<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>又東逕<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>北”一句。按：<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>都城實在<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>之北，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏所加此句誤也。又“離”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>皆作“利”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注云“一作離”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案利近刻訛作離”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>則均作“離”。<span class="shuming">楊本</span><span class="zhuanming">熊會貞</span>注云：離字“<span class="shuming">黄省曾本</span>作利，然<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作離，<span class="shuming">（水經）注</span>多本<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>，此句蓋依而書之，<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作利，已是後人改”。然則<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注以“離”字爲訛者，非也。<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七之<span class="zhuanming">吠舍釐國</span>（Vaisālī），都城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">比哈爾邦</span>（Bihār）北部<span class="zhuanming">木札法普爾</span>（Muzaf-farpur）地區之<span class="zhuanming">比沙爾</span>（Basārh）。此國乃古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>著名大國，爲<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>中流之交通中心，向西有大道可通<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>，向東有大道可通<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>（Rājagṛiha），亦<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>生前重要之遊化地。本文以下關於<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>北重閣精舍﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>住處﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>半身塔﹑<span class="zhuanming">菴婆羅女</span>﹑顧看<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>﹑千子見父母﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>告涅槃﹑<span class="zhuanming">魔王</span>嬈固<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>結集檢校律藏等佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="zhuanming">吠舍釐國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1201" id="1259">〔3〕</a>毗舍離城北大林重閣精舍：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，作“城北有大林重閣”。又“閣”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“闊”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“閤”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“閣”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1202" id="1260">〔4〕</a>佛住處：“住”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“桂”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“佛在于此”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“佛住于此”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1203" id="1261">〔5〕</a>阿難半身塔：事詳下文。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1204" id="1262">〔6〕</a>其城裏本菴婆羅女家爲佛起塔今故現在：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，此十<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00082','1385128',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P82</span></i>七字略作“本菴婆羅女家施佛起塔也”十一字，省去“其城裏”，且緊接“城北有大林重閣佛住于此”句之下，似二者同爲一地，與本傳異矣。引文之“菴”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>均作“奄”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案奄近刻作菴”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均作“菴”。<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注云：“<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>（按：指<span class="shuming">殿本</span>）改菴作奄。<span class="zhuanming">會貞</span>按：非也，<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>本作菴。又偏考釋典，……無作奄者，<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span><span class="shuming">大乘頂王經音義</span>（<span class="shuming">音義</span>卷二十八）且明引<span class="shuming">文字典説</span>，從艸奄聲，足徵<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>改之妄。良由<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏未涉獵釋典，本卷凡所删改，但憑胸臆，故一往多誤，此其一也。”按：<span class="zhuanming">熊會貞</span>氏之評<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏如此。然改“菴”作“奄”者乃<span class="shuming">殿本</span>，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏未入四庫館前自刻之<span class="shuming">戴本</span>固從<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>作“菴”。改作“奄”者，或因入館後見<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“奄”之故。關於<span class="zhuanming">菴婆羅女</span>，據佛教神話傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>有婬女名<span class="zhuanming">菴婆羅女</span>（Āmbapālī），亦譯<span class="zhuanming">菴婆婆梨</span>，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>曾至其家受其供養，並爲説法使之得道。下文以園施<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>者亦即此女。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1205" id="1263">〔7〕</a>作：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“作”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1206" id="1264">〔8〕</a>城：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“城之”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1207" id="1265">〔9〕</a>有：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1208" id="1266">〔10〕</a>仗：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“伏”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1209" id="1267">〔11〕</a>以名此者：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆無此四字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1210" id="1268">〔12〕</a>上：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“下”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1211" id="1269">〔13〕</a>國王王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“國王國王”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“國王王”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“國國王”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云：“案近刻作……國王王……。”<span class="shuming">殿本</span>自稱所據者爲<span class="shuming">永樂大典本</span>，此處注所言“近刻”，蓋指<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>而言，然<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏改作“國國王”，所依者實非<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，而是從<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>本。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1212" id="1270">〔14〕</a>一：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1213" id="1271">〔15〕</a>妬：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>皆作“妬”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“妒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1214" id="1272">〔16〕</a>汝：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文，作“汝之”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1215" id="1273">〔17〕</a>國王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1216" id="1274">〔18〕</a>特：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“好”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“特”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1217" id="1275">〔19〕</a>即：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆無此字。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00083','1385128',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P83</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1218" id="1276">〔20〕</a>使：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“便”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文，無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1219" id="1277">〔21〕</a>摧伏：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“推服”；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“摧服”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“摧伏”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1220" id="1278">〔22〕</a>次：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文作“次欲”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1221" id="1279">〔23〕</a>愁憂：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“憂愁”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“愁憂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1222" id="1280">〔24〕</a>王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1223" id="1281">〔25〕</a>愁憂：同上注〔23〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1224" id="1282">〔26〕</a>來：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“求”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1225" id="1283">〔27〕</a>吾國：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“我國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1226" id="1284">〔28〕</a>耳：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“爾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1227" id="1285">〔29〕</a>王勿愁憂：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“勿愁”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1228" id="1286">〔30〕</a>城東：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“城西”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“城東”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1229" id="1287">〔31〕</a>置我樓上：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>均作“上我置樓上”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案此五字近刻作置我樓上四字”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“置我樓上”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1230" id="1288">〔32〕</a>其：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“其”；其他各本均作“是”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1231" id="1289">〔33〕</a>至賊到時：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“至賊來時”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“賊到”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1232" id="1290">〔34〕</a>言：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“云”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1233" id="1291">〔35〕</a>作反逆事：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“反作逆事”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1234" id="1292">〔36〕</a>仰向張口：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“張口仰向”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1235" id="1293">〔37〕</a>以：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1236" id="1294">〔38〕</a>搆：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“𢯡”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“將”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注云：“<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作兩手搆乳，”<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注云“<span class="shuming">朱本</span>引<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作兩手搆乳”，<span class="shuming">全本</span>注云“<span class="zhuanming">孫潛</span>曰‘將當作捋’，予謂將亦通”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“捋”，<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>云“……將﹑捋字形相似，捋字是也”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“捋”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案捋近刻作將”。依<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏此注，即<span class="shuming">大典本</span>亦成爲“近刻”矣，此亦<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏從<span class="shuming">趙本</span>而非從<span class="shuming">大典本</span>出之一例也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00084','1385128',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P84</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1237" id="1295">〔39〕</a>兩乳：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“乳”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1238" id="1296">〔40〕</a>各：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1239" id="1297">〔41〕</a>墮：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“俱墮”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文亦作“俱墮”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1240" id="1298">〔42〕</a>我：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“其”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1241" id="1299">〔43〕</a>二父王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“父母”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案父母近刻作二父王”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“二父王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1242" id="1300">〔44〕</a>於是思惟：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“作是思惟”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1243" id="1301">〔45〕</a>二辟支佛塔：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“今一一塔”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“今二塔”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“今其塔”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云：“案其近刻作二。”<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>之“其”字，乃自所改定者，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>之改定此字，實未參看<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，否則<span class="shuming">殿本</span>不當出此校注，蓋<span class="shuming">大典本</span>之“一一”，顯然即是“二”字，依<span class="shuming">殿本</span>校注，彼所自稱作爲依據之<span class="shuming">大典本</span>亦成“近刻”矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1244" id="1302">〔46〕</a>世尊：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>脱“世”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1245" id="1303">〔47〕</a>吾：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“我”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1246" id="1304">〔48〕</a>此：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“此處”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文亦作“此處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1247" id="1305">〔49〕</a>千小兒者：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“言千小兒者”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1248" id="1306">〔50〕</a>賢劫千佛：佛教稱不能以通常的年月日時來計算之極長遠的時間曰劫（Kalpa），或譯作大時或長時；過去﹑現在﹑未來之諸劫又有成劫﹑住劫﹑壞劫﹑空劫之演變，而現在之住劫中有千佛出世，既多賢聖，故名賢劫（Bhadra-Kalpa）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1249" id="1307">〔51〕</a>是也：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“也”。以上自“城西北三里……”至此處“……即賢劫千佛是也”凡三百零二字，<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>皆缺。又下一句中“於放弓仗塔邊”六字，<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>亦缺。上所缺字，他各本皆有之。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（12頁﹑128—132頁）以爲此三百零八字，既爲<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>所未傳，或亦後人所竄加。<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span><span class="shuming">評（足立喜六）考證法顯傳</span>認爲<span class="zhuanming">足立</span>氏并未能提出充足之理由，其推論殊難確信也。參看前〔焉夷國〕節注〔4〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1250" id="1308">〔52〕</a>於放弓仗塔邊：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>缺此六字；他各本有之。參看上注〔51〕。<span class="shuming">麗本</span>此六字下尚有“捨壽佛”三字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1251" id="1309">〔53〕</a>般泥洹：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“般若泥洹”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00085','1385128',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P85</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1252" id="1310">〔54〕</a>魔王嬈固阿難使不得請佛住世：魔王，即<span class="zhuanming">魔王波旬</span>，詳見下〔䓑沙王舊城〕節注〔22〕。佛教神話傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>當時詢問<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>：“<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>今者，當壽幾何？”有天魔來迷惑<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，使不得對，未能及時請留；天魔又請<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>受寂滅樂，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>遂許三月爲期，當入涅槃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1253" id="1311">〔55〕</a>十事證言佛説如是：佛教傳説，當時<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>有諸比丘，遠離<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>法，謬行戒律，其主要者有：得接受金銀寶物之布施﹑藉口治病而飲酒等十條，以爲是<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>曾説過的“十事證言”而遵行之。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1254" id="1312">〔56〕</a>諸羅漢及持戒律比丘凡夫者有七百僧：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“諸羅漢及持戒律凡夫者有七百僧”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“諸羅漢及持律比丘凡有七百僧。”“比丘凡夫”係對羅漢而言，“持戒律比丘凡夫”係指持戒律但尚未達羅漢果者而言，“七百僧”乃諸羅漢及持戒律比丘凡夫之人數合計，故此<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>結集亦稱七百結集。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1255" id="1313">〔57〕</a>更檢校律藏：即指七百結集依照戒律，斷“十事”爲非法。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七所稱“削除謬法，宣明聖教”，亦謂此也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1256" id="1314">〔58〕</a>亦在：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“亦現在”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
沙祇大國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124682" key="1124682"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 沙祇大國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124683" key="1124683"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00059','1385121',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P59</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000063">沙祇大國</p><p> <span>從此東南行十由延，到<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#891" id="885">〔1〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00060','1385121',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P60</span></i><p> <span>出<span class="zhuanming">沙祇<a class="zhuhao" href="#892" id="886">〔2〕</a>城</span>南門，道東，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>本在此嚼楊枝，刺土中<a class="zhuhao" href="#893" id="887">〔3〕</a>，即生長七尺<a class="zhuhao" href="#894" id="888">〔4〕</a>，不增不减<a class="zhuhao" href="#895" id="889">〔5〕</a>。諸外道婆羅門嫉妬，或斫或拔，遠棄之，其處續生如故。此中亦有四佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#896" id="890">〔6〕</a>經行﹑坐處，起塔故在。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#885" id="891">〔1〕</a>沙祇大國：“祇”，<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“祗”。下同。<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大</span>蓋即Sāketa爲對音，爲古代<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>北部<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span>（Kosala）的古都。相傳<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span>最早之都城爲<span class="zhuanming">阿踰陀</span>（Ayodhyā），後遷<span class="zhuanming">娑枳多</span>（Sāketa），最後又遷<span class="zhuanming">舍衛</span>（Srāvastī）。<span class="zhuanming">阿踰陀</span>即今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>中部<span class="zhuanming">法扎巴德</span>（Fyzabad）東約六哩<span class="zhuanming">哥格拉河</span>（GograR.）旁之<span class="zhuanming">阿約底</span>（Ajodhyā）。<span class="zhuanming">娑枳多</span>故址，或以爲與<span class="zhuanming">阿踰陀</span>爲同地，或以爲即在<span class="zhuanming">阿踰陀</span>旁，爲互相連接之一對姊妹城；易言之，<span class="zhuanming">娑枳多</span>故址亦即在今<span class="zhuanming">阿約底</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">娑枳多</span>之梵文原文Sāketa與<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大</span>音近相合；而今<span class="zhuanming">阿約底城</span>正在<span class="zhuanming">卡瑙季城</span>之東偏南，與<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大</span>及<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷</span>間之方向亦相合。故學者間頗多贊同<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大</span>即Sāketa之説。按：<span class="zhuanming">阿約底</span>距<span class="zhuanming">卡瑙季</span>約一百五十哩，似較<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大</span>距<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷</span>之十三由延爲遠；但古代<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之一由延，亦有長達十二哩以上者，<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="shuming">正法念處經閻浮提洲地誌勘校録</span>（100—101頁）即曾對此有所説明，據此，則十三由延甚至可達150哩以上矣。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大國</span>之記載，各本皆增“<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>又東南逕<span class="zhuanming">沙祗國</span>北”（<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>少“沙”字；各本除<span class="shuming">沈本</span>外，“祇”皆作“祗”，下同）一句。按：<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>遠在今<span class="zhuanming">阿約底</span>之南，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏謂“逕<span class="zhuanming">沙祇國</span>北”，誤也。又，<span class="zhuanming">法顯傳</span>此下所載<span class="zhuanming">沙祇城</span>南有嚼楊枝及四佛行坐遺迹等神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">鞞索迦國</span>（Visoka）下亦有類似之記述，故學者間亦有認爲<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">鞞索迦國</span>即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">沙祇大國</span>者，以爲<span class="zhuanming">沙祇</span>即<span class="zhuanming">鞞索迦</span>之略音云。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#886" id="892">〔2〕</a>沙祇：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>“沙”誤作“涉”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#887" id="893">〔3〕</a>佛本在此嚼楊枝刺土中：<span class="shuming">石本</span>少“佛”字，“刺”字作“刾”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“佛本在此嚼楊枝已刺土中”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>作“佛本在此嚼楊枝則土中”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆少“本在此”三字；又<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>脱“枝”字。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00061','1385121',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P61</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#888" id="894">〔4〕</a>七尺：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“士尺”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#889" id="895">〔5〕</a>不增不減：此句下<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文加“今猶尚在”（<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“今尚在”）等數字以爲結束。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#890" id="896">〔6〕</a>四佛：即過去四佛，見前〔僧迦施國〕節注〔27〕。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
拘薩羅國舍衛城
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124687" key="1124687"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 拘薩羅國舍衛城 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124688" key="1124688"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00061','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P61</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000065">拘薩羅國舍衛城</p><p> <span>從此北行<a class="zhuhao" href="#970" id="897">〔1〕</a>八由延，到<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#971" id="898">〔2〕</a>。城内人民希曠，都有二<a class="zhuhao" href="#972" id="899">〔3〕</a>百餘家。即<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#973" id="900">〔4〕</a>所治城也。<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>故精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#974" id="901">〔5〕</a>處，<span class="zhuanming">須達長者</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#975" id="902">〔6〕</a>井壁<a class="zhuhao" href="#976" id="903">〔7〕</a>，及<span class="zhuanming">鴦掘魔</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#977" id="904">〔8〕</a>得道﹑般泥洹﹑燒身處，後人起塔，皆在此城中。諸外道婆羅門生嫉妬心，欲毁壞之，天即雷電霹靂<a class="zhuhao" href="#978" id="905">〔9〕</a>，終不能得壞。</span> </p><p> <span>出城南門千二百步，道西，長者<span class="zhuanming">須達</span>起精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#979" id="906">〔10〕</a>。精舍東向開門，門户兩厢有二石柱<a class="zhuhao" href="#980" id="907">〔11〕</a>，左柱<a class="zhuhao" href="#981" id="908">〔12〕</a>上作輪形，右柱<a class="zhuhao" href="#982" id="909">〔13〕</a>上作牛形。池流清浄<a class="zhuhao" href="#983" id="910">〔14〕</a>，林木尚茂<a class="zhuhao" href="#984" id="911">〔15〕</a>，衆華異色，蔚然可觀，即所謂<span class="zhuanming">祇<a class="zhuhao" href="#985" id="912">〔16〕</a>洹精舍</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>上忉利天爲母説法九十日，<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>思見<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，即刻牛頭栴檀<a class="zhuhao" href="#986" id="913">〔17〕</a>作<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>像，置<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>坐處。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>後還入精舍，像即避出迎<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>言：“還坐。吾般泥洹後，可爲四部衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#987" id="914">〔18〕</a>作法式。”像即還坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#988" id="915">〔19〕</a>。此像最是衆像之始，後人<a class="zhuhao" href="#989" id="916">〔20〕</a>所法者也。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>於是移住南邊小精舍，與像異處，相去二十步。<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>本有七層，諸國王﹑人民競興供養<a class="zhuhao" href="#990" id="917">〔21〕</a>，懸繒幡蓋，散華，燒香，然燈續明，日日<a class="zhuhao" href="#991" id="918">〔22〕</a>不絶。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00062','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P62</span></i>鼠銜<a class="zhuhao" href="#992" id="919">〔23〕</a>燈炷，燒花幡蓋<a class="zhuhao" href="#993" id="920">〔24〕</a>，遂及精舍，七重都盡。諸國王﹑人民皆大悲惱，謂栴檀像已燒。却後四五日，開東<a class="zhuhao" href="#994" id="921">〔25〕</a>小精舍户，忽見本像，皆大歡喜。共治精舍，得作兩重，還移像本處。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>初到<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>，念昔<a class="zhuhao" href="#995" id="922">〔26〕</a><span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>住此二十五年，自傷生在邊地<a class="zhuhao" href="#996" id="923">〔27〕</a>，共諸同志遊歷諸國，而或有還者，或有無常者，今日乃見<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>空處，愴然心悲。彼衆僧出，問<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#997" id="924">〔28〕</a>言：“汝<a class="zhuhao" href="#998" id="925">〔29〕</a>從何國來？”答云：“從<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地來。”彼衆僧歎曰：“奇哉！邊地<a class="zhuhao" href="#999" id="926">〔30〕</a>之人乃能求法至此！”自相謂言：“我等諸師和上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1000" id="927">〔31〕</a>相承已來，未見<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>道人來到此也。”</span> </p><p> <span>精舍西北四里有榛<a class="zhuhao" href="#1001" id="928">〔32〕</a>，名曰<span class="zhuanming">得眼</span>。本有五百盲人，依精舍住此。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲説法，盡還得眼。盲人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1002" id="929">〔33〕</a>歡喜，刺<a class="zhuhao" href="#1003" id="930">〔34〕</a>杖著地，頭面作禮。杖遂生長大，世人重之，無敢伐者，遂成爲榛，是故以<span class="zhuanming">得眼</span>爲名。<span class="zhuanming">祇洹</span>衆僧中食後，多往彼榛中坐禪。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>東北六七里，<span class="zhuanming">毗舍佉母</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1004" id="931">〔35〕</a>作精舍，請<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>及僧，此處故在。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>大援落<a class="zhuhao" href="#1005" id="932">〔36〕</a>有二門，一門東向，一門北向<a class="zhuhao" href="#1006" id="933">〔37〕</a>。此園即<span class="zhuanming">須達長者</span>布金錢買地處也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1007" id="934">〔38〕</a>。精舍當中央，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>住此處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1008" id="935">〔39〕</a>最久。説法﹑度人﹑經行﹑坐處亦盡起塔，皆有名字。乃<a class="zhuhao" href="#1009" id="936">〔40〕</a><span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1010" id="937">〔41〕</a>殺身謗<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>處。</span> </p><p> <span>出<span class="zhuanming">祇洹</span>東門，北行七十步，道西，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>昔共九十六種外<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00063','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P63</span></i>道<a class="zhuhao" href="#1011" id="938">〔42〕</a>論議，國王﹑大臣﹑居士<a class="zhuhao" href="#1012" id="939">〔43〕</a>﹑人民皆雲集而聽。時外道女名<span class="zhuanming">旃柘摩那</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1013" id="940">〔44〕</a>起嫉妬心，及<a class="zhuhao" href="#1014" id="941">〔45〕</a>懷衣著腹前，似若妊身<a class="zhuhao" href="#1015" id="942">〔46〕</a>，於衆會中謗<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>以非法，於是<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>即化作白鼠，齧<a class="zhuhao" href="#1016" id="943">〔47〕</a>其腰帶斷<a class="zhuhao" href="#1017" id="944">〔48〕</a>，所懷衣墮地，地即劈裂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1018" id="945">〔49〕</a>，生入地獄。及<span class="zhuanming">調達</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1019" id="946">〔50〕</a>毒爪欲害<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，生入地獄處。後人皆標識<a class="zhuhao" href="#1020" id="947">〔51〕</a>之。又於論議處起精舍，精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#1021" id="948">〔52〕</a>高六丈許，裏有坐佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#1022" id="949">〔53〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>其<a class="zhuhao" href="#1023" id="950">〔54〕</a>道東有外道天寺<a class="zhuhao" href="#1024" id="951">〔55〕</a>，名曰<span class="zhuanming">影覆</span>，與論議處精舍夾<a class="zhuhao" href="#1025" id="952">〔56〕</a>道相對，亦高六丈許。所以名<span class="zhuanming">影覆</span>者，日在西時，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>精舍影則映外道天寺；日在東時，外道天寺影則北映，終不得<a class="zhuhao" href="#1026" id="953">〔57〕</a>映<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>精舍也。外道常遣人守其天寺，掃灑﹑燒香，燃<a class="zhuhao" href="#1027" id="954">〔58〕</a>燈供養。至明旦，其燈輒移在<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#1028" id="955">〔59〕</a>中。婆羅門恚言：“諸沙門取我燈，自供養<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>。”爲爾不止。婆羅門於是夜自伺候，見其所事天神持<a class="zhuhao" href="#1029" id="956">〔60〕</a>燈繞<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>精舍三帀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1030" id="957">〔61〕</a>，供養<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>已，忽然不見。婆羅門乃知<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>神大<a class="zhuhao" href="#1031" id="958">〔62〕</a>，即捨家入道。傳云：近有此事。</span> </p><p> <span>繞<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>有九十八<a class="zhuhao" href="#1032" id="959">〔63〕</a>僧伽藍，盡有僧住處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1033" id="960">〔64〕</a>，唯一處空。</span> </p><p> <span>此<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>有九十六種外道<a class="zhuhao" href="#1034" id="961">〔65〕</a>，皆知今世﹑後世<a class="zhuhao" href="#1035" id="962">〔66〕</a>，各有徒衆。亦皆乞食，但不持<a class="zhuhao" href="#1036" id="963">〔67〕</a>鉢。亦復求福，於曠路側立福德舍，屋宇﹑床<a class="zhuhao" href="#1037" id="964">〔68〕</a>卧﹑飲食，供給<a class="zhuhao" href="#1038" id="965">〔69〕</a>行路人及出家人﹑來去客，但所期<a class="zhuhao" href="#1039" id="966">〔70〕</a>異耳。<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>亦有衆在，供養<a class="zhuhao" href="#1040" id="967">〔71〕</a>過去三佛，唯不供養<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文佛</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00064','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P64</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>東南四里，<span class="zhuanming">瑠璃王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1041" id="968">〔72〕</a>欲伐<span class="zhuanming">舍夷國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1042" id="969">〔73〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>當道側立，立處起塔。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#897" id="970">〔1〕</a>北行：“北行”，今傳世諸本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>皆作“南行”。諸注家如<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（73頁注〔1〕），<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（90頁注〔1〕），皆以爲此處“南行”是“北行”之誤，今據改。<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>之言曰：“南行爲北行之誤，不言自明。緣<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>確爲今Balrāmpur之Sāhet-Māhet地，倘<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>由Kanauj東南行十三由延後更向南行，則無論如何，必不能到達<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>（Balrāmpur）在Ajodhyā之北（五十哩），八由延則與五十二哩略等也。”（<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>86頁）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#898" id="971">〔2〕</a>拘薩羅國舍衛城：<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅</span>爲梵文Kosala之音譯，<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>北部之著名古國。其都城之梵文原名爲Srāvastī，巴利文（Pā-li）作Sāvatthī，<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>即其音譯。此城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>北部<span class="zhuanming">巴耳蘭普爾</span>（Balrāmpur）西北約十二哩<span class="zhuanming">臘普提河</span>（RāptīR.）南岸之<span class="zhuanming">沙海脱</span>-<span class="zhuanming">馬海脱</span>（Sāhet-Māhet）。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五及卷六稱此國爲<span class="zhuanming">室羅伐悉底國</span>，亦梵文Srāvastī之音譯也。<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span>係古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>北部著名大國，<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>生前重要之遊化地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#899" id="972">〔3〕</a>二：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“一”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#900" id="973">〔4〕</a>波斯匿王：“波”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“彼”。<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>梵文作Prasena-jit，巴利文作Pasenadi，此其音譯。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六作<span class="zhuanming">鉢邏犀那</span><span class="zhuanming">恃多王</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>同時代之<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅</span>國王。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#901" id="974">〔5〕</a>大愛道故精舍：<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之姨母<span class="zhuanming">鉢邏闍鉢底</span>（Prajāpatī）。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">室羅伐悉底國</span>下載：<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>有“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>姨母<span class="zhuanming">鉢邏闍鉢底</span>苾芻尼精舍，<span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>之所建立”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#902" id="975">〔6〕</a>須達長者：<span class="zhuanming">須達</span>即<span class="zhuanming">蘇達多</span>（Sudatta），爲<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>之長者，與<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>同時代。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">室羅伐悉底國</span>下載<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>有<span class="zhuanming">蘇達多</span>故宅，並稱其“拯乏濟貧，哀孤恤老，時美其德，號<span class="zhuanming">給孤獨</span>（Anātha—piṇḍika）”，即<span class="zhuanming">善施長者</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#903" id="976">〔7〕</a>井壁：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“井辟”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#904" id="977">〔8〕</a>鴦掘魔：<span class="zhuanming">鴦掘魔</span>即<span class="zhuanming">鴦寠利摩羅</span>（Angulimāla），<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">室羅<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00065','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P65</span></i>伐悉底國</span>下載其傳説較詳，謂此人本<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>之凶徒，喜殺人，後爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>所感化，皈依佛法，證羅漢果。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#905" id="978">〔9〕</a>霹靂：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“礕礰”，同霹靂。<span class="shuming">音義</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本作“礔礰”，然<span class="shuming">音義</span>以爲非。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#906" id="979">〔10〕</a>長者須達起精舍：<span class="zhuanming">須達長者</span>以藏金向<span class="zhuanming">逝多太子</span>（Jeta）購得園地，爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>建此精舍，故稱<span class="zhuanming">逝多林給孤獨園</span>，即所謂<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>（Jeta—vanaVihāra）也。關於<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>及此下<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>刻栴檀佛像﹑盲人得眼﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗舍佉母</span>作精舍﹑<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>殺身謗<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>共外道論議﹑外道女謗<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>生入地獄﹑<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>害<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>生入地獄﹑道東外道寺﹑<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>當道見<span class="zhuanming">瑠璃王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>本生處諸神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">室羅</span><span class="zhuanming">伐悉底國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#907" id="980">〔11〕</a>精舍東向開門門户兩厢有二石柱：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“精舍東向開門户户兩厢有二石柱”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“精舍向開門户户兩相有二石柱”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“精舍東向開門户兩厢有二石柱”；<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“精舍東向開門門户户兩厢有二石柱”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“精舍東向開門户兩厢有二石柱”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“精舍東向開門門户兩邊有二石柱”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#908" id="981">〔12〕</a>左柱：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“石柱”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#909" id="982">〔13〕</a>右柱：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“石柱”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#910" id="983">〔14〕</a>池流清淨：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“精舍左右池流清淨”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#911" id="984">〔15〕</a>林木尚茂：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“樹林尚茂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#912" id="985">〔16〕</a>祇：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“祗”。下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#913" id="986">〔17〕</a>栴檀：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“檀”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#914" id="987">〔18〕</a>四部衆：佛教稱比丘﹑比丘尼﹑優婆塞（Upāsaka，即居士，在家的男信徒）﹑優婆夷（Upāsikā，即女居士，在家的女信徒）爲四部衆。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#915" id="988">〔19〕</a>還坐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#916" id="989">〔20〕</a>人：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“久”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#917" id="990">〔21〕</a>競興供養：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶂與供養”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#918" id="991">〔22〕</a>日日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“日月”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#919" id="992">〔23〕</a>銜：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“含”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#920" id="993">〔24〕</a>燒花幡蓋：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“燒幡蓋”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“炷香幡蓋”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#921" id="994">〔25〕</a>東：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“東邊”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#922" id="995">〔26〕</a>昔：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“音”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00066','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P66</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#923" id="996">〔27〕</a>邊地：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“邊夷”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“邊城”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“邊地”，今據改。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>前文<span class="zhuanming">毗荼國</span>下及下文衆僧對<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等言，皆作“邊地”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#924" id="997">〔28〕</a>顯等：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“法顯等”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“顯道”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#925" id="998">〔29〕</a>汝：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“汝等”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#926" id="999">〔30〕</a>邊地：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“邊國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#927" id="1000">〔31〕</a>和上：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“和尚”。和尚即和上，我國對佛教僧人之通稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#928" id="1001">〔32〕</a>榛：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“林”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“捺”。下同。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六亦作“林”。<span class="shuming">淮南子原道訓</span><span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注云：“藂（叢）木曰榛。”是“榛”猶言雜木叢生之林也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#929" id="1002">〔33〕</a>盲人：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“盲人人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#930" id="1003">〔34〕</a>刺：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“刾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#931" id="1004">〔35〕</a>毗舍佉母：梵文Visākhā音譯<span class="zhuanming">毗舍佉</span>，母者尊稱。其所獻精舍曰<span class="zhuanming">東園</span>（Pūrvārāma）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#932" id="1005">〔36〕</a>援落：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“授落”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“院各”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“院落”。又<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>亦皆作“援落，上音院”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#933" id="1006">〔37〕</a>一門北向：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此四字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#934" id="1007">〔38〕</a>處也：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>無“也”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#935" id="1008">〔39〕</a>此處：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“此”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#936" id="1009">〔40〕</a>乃：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“及”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#937" id="1010">〔41〕</a>孫陀利：梵文Sundarī音譯<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>。佛教傳説，有外道誘雇婬女<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>詐來聽法，旋又殺之以謗<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>，但陰謀後終大白於世。據<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六，此殺婬女以謗<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>處即在精舍後不遠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#938" id="1011">〔42〕</a>九十六種外道：佛教對於外道之流派，有種種異説，其中相傳有<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>當時之六種外道，稱爲“六師外道”（Ṣaṭ-tīr-thakarāḥ），即：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（1）不蘭迦葉（Pūrṇa KāSyapa），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（2）末伽梨瞿舍利（Makkhali Gosāla），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（3）阿耆多翅舍欽婆羅（Ajita Kesakambala），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（4）婆浮陀伽旃那（Pakudha Kātyāyana），</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00067','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P67</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（5）散若夷毗羅梨子（Sanjaya Vairattiputra），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（6）尼乾子（Nirgrantha Jñātiputra）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">又傳以上六師各有十五種流派，合爲九十種外道，再加六師，共爲九十六種外道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#939" id="1012">〔43〕</a>居士：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“君士”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#940" id="1013">〔44〕</a>旃柘摩那：“旃”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“栴”。“柘”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“遮”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“祐”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“柘”，<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>亦作“柘……之夜反”，<span class="shuming">音義</span>亦作“柘”，今據改。<span class="zhuanming">旃柘摩那</span>爲梵文CiñcāMānavika之音譯，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六作<span class="zhuanming">戰遮</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#941" id="1014">〔45〕</a>及：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“乃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#942" id="1015">〔46〕</a>妊身：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“任身”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“姙身”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>作“姙身，上而禁反，正作姙，孕婦也”；<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>亦皆作“姙身”。“姙”，“妊”字同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#943" id="1016">〔47〕</a>齧：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“嚙”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#944" id="1017">〔48〕</a>斷：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“帶斷”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#945" id="1018">〔49〕</a>劈裂：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“霹裂”；<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“裂”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“礕裂”；<span class="shuming">音義</span>亦作“劈裂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#946" id="1019">〔50〕</a>調達：梵文Devadatta音譯之略，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六作<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>。<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之從弟，欲與<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>爭奪宗教領袖地位，故謀破僧害佛，佛教神話傳説其因此生陷地獄。然據下文，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>時尚有<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>之徒衆在。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#947" id="1020">〔51〕</a>標識：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“㯹識”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“幖幟”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#948" id="1021">〔52〕</a>精舍：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#949" id="1022">〔53〕</a>裏有坐佛：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“中有坐佛像”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#950" id="1023">〔54〕</a>其：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#951" id="1024">〔55〕</a>外道天寺：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“天”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#952" id="1025">〔56〕</a>夾：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“裌”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#953" id="1026">〔57〕</a>得：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“能得”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#954" id="1027">〔58〕</a>燃燈：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“燒燈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#955" id="1028">〔59〕</a>佛精舍：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“精舍”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#956" id="1029">〔60〕</a>持：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“時”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“將”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00068','1385122',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P68</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#957" id="1030">〔61〕</a>繞佛精舍三帀：“帀”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“匝”。<span class="shuming">麗本</span>“匝”字下多“供養”二字。按：旋繞爲佛教徒致敬之式，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二載云：“隨所宗事，多有旋繞，或唯一周，或復三匝。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#958" id="1031">〔62〕</a>大：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“大”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#959" id="1032">〔63〕</a>九十八：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“十八”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#960" id="1033">〔64〕</a>處：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#961" id="1034">〔65〕</a>九十六種外道：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“十六種道”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#962" id="1035">〔66〕</a>後世：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#963" id="1036">〔67〕</a>持：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“時”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#964" id="1037">〔68〕</a>床：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“林”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#965" id="1038">〔69〕</a>供給：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“供養給”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#966" id="1039">〔70〕</a>期：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“斯”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#967" id="1040">〔71〕</a>供養：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“常供養”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#968" id="1041">〔72〕</a>瑠璃王：“瑠”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“琉”。“璃”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶋”。<span class="zhuanming">瑠璃王</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六之<span class="zhuanming">毘盧擇迦王</span>（Virūḍhaka）。<span class="shuming">西域記</span>舊注云：“舊曰<span class="zhuanming">毘流離王</span>，訛也。”相傳此王爲<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國波斯匿王</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>）之子，其母乃<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城釋迦族</span>女婢之女，<span class="zhuanming">毘盧擇迦</span>早年赴<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>，曾因此被辱，故即位後乃出兵虜殺<span class="zhuanming">釋迦族</span>。關于此傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">室羅伐悉底國</span>及<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>下均有記述，較<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>爲詳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#969" id="1042">〔73〕</a>舍夷國：即<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>（Kapilavastu），<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六作<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（100頁）云：“舍夷”譯自巴利語Sakki，“證者”﹑“聖人”之意也，<span class="zhuanming">舍夷國</span>即謂證者之國，亦即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之國（<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>）也。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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都維、那毗伽等三邑
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124693" key="1124693"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 都維、那毗伽等三邑 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124694" key="1124694"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00068','1385123',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P68</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000067">都維﹑那毗伽等三邑</p><p> <span>城西五十里，到一邑，名<span class="zhuanming">都維</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1052" id="1043">〔1〕</a>，是<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1053" id="1044">〔2〕</a>本生處。父子相見處﹑般<a class="zhuhao" href="#1054" id="1045">〔3〕</a>泥洹處，皆悉起塔。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉如來</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1055" id="1046">〔4〕</a>全身舍利<a class="zhuhao" href="#1056" id="1047">〔5〕</a>亦起大塔。</span> </p><p> <span>從<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>東南行十二由延，到一邑，名<span class="zhuanming">那毗伽</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1057" id="1048">〔6〕</a>，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00069','1385123',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P69</span></i>是<span class="zhuanming">拘樓秦佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1058" id="1049">〔7〕</a>所生處。父子相見處﹑般泥洹處，亦有僧伽藍，起塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1059" id="1050">〔8〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>從此北行，减一由延，到一邑，是<span class="zhuanming">拘那含牟尼佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1060" id="1051">〔9〕</a>所生處。父子相見處﹑般泥洹處，亦皆起塔。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1043" id="1052">〔1〕</a>都維：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“都絶”。<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（83頁注〔2〕）引<span class="zhuanming">克寧漢</span>説，<span class="zhuanming">都維</span>即今<span class="zhuanming">沙海脱-馬海脱</span>（Sāhet-Māhet）西九哩之Tadwa村。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1044" id="1053">〔2〕</a>迦葉佛；參見〔僧伽施國〕節注〔27〕。關於<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>本生處之神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">室羅伐悉底國</span>下有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1045" id="1054">〔3〕</a>般：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“能”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1046" id="1055">〔4〕</a>如來：梵文Tathāgata之意譯，乃佛號之一。以爲如實道來，故名爲“如來”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1047" id="1056">〔5〕</a>舍利：舍利爲梵文Sarīra（亦稱Sarīra-dhātu）音譯之略，意譯“身骨”，指死者火化後的殘餘骨燼。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1048" id="1057">〔6〕</a>那毗伽：未詳。<span class="shuming">瓦氏書</span>卷二（6頁）將其梵文名還原作Nābhika。據<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>下所載，<span class="zhuanming">迦羅迦村馱佛</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">拘樓秦佛</span>）本生故城在<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>王城南五十餘里，其東北三十餘里爲<span class="zhuanming">迦諾迦牟尼佛</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">拘那含牟尼佛</span>）本生故城。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1049" id="1058">〔7〕</a>拘樓秦佛：參見〔僧伽施國〕節注〔27〕。關於此佛及<span class="zhuanming">拘那含牟尼佛</span>本生處之神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1050" id="1059">〔8〕</a>有僧伽藍起塔：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“有僧迦藍”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“皆起塔”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1051" id="1060">〔9〕</a>拘那含牟尼佛：參見〔僧伽施國〕節注〔27〕。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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迦維羅衛城
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124697" key="1124697"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 迦維羅衛城 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124698" key="1124698"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00069','1385124',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P69</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000069">迦維羅衛城</p><p> <span>從此東行，减一由延，到<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1099" id="1061">〔1〕</a>。城中都無<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00070','1385124',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P70</span></i>王民，甚如坵荒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1100" id="1062">〔2〕</a>，只有<a class="zhuhao" href="#1101" id="1063">〔3〕</a>衆僧﹑民户數十家而已。<span class="zhuanming">白净王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1102" id="1064">〔4〕</a>故宫處，作太子母<a class="zhuhao" href="#1103" id="1065">〔5〕</a>形像，乃<a class="zhuhao" href="#1104" id="1066">〔6〕</a>太子乘白象<a class="zhuhao" href="#1105" id="1067">〔7〕</a>入母胎時。太子出城東門，見病人迴車還處。皆起塔。<span class="zhuanming">阿夷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1106" id="1068">〔8〕</a>相太子處。與<span class="zhuanming">難陀</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1107" id="1069">〔9〕</a>等撲象<a class="zhuhao" href="#1108" id="1070">〔10〕</a>﹑捔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1109" id="1071">〔11〕</a>﹑射處，箭<a class="zhuhao" href="#1110" id="1072">〔12〕</a>東南去三十里入地，今<a class="zhuhao" href="#1111" id="1073">〔13〕</a>泉水出，後世人治作井，令行人飲之<a class="zhuhao" href="#1112" id="1074">〔14〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>得道，還見父王處。五百<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子出家，向<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1113" id="1075">〔15〕</a>作禮，地六種震動處。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲諸天説法，四<span class="zhuanming">天王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1114" id="1076">〔16〕</a>守四門，父王不得入處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1115" id="1077">〔17〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在尼拘律樹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1116" id="1078">〔18〕</a>下，東向坐，<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>布施<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>僧伽梨處，此樹猶在。<span class="zhuanming">瑠璃王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1117" id="1079">〔19〕</a>殺<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種子<a class="zhuhao" href="#1118" id="1080">〔20〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種子先<a class="zhuhao" href="#1119" id="1081">〔21〕</a>盡得須陀洹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1120" id="1082">〔22〕</a>，立塔，今亦在。城東北數里有王田，太子樹下<a class="zhuhao" href="#1121" id="1083">〔23〕</a>觀耕者處。</span> </p><p> <span>城東五十里有王園<a class="zhuhao" href="#1122" id="1084">〔24〕</a>，園名<span class="zhuanming">論民</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1123" id="1085">〔25〕</a>。夫人入池洗浴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1124" id="1086">〔26〕</a>，出池<a class="zhuhao" href="#1125" id="1087">〔27〕</a>北岸二十步，舉手攀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1126" id="1088">〔28〕</a>樹枝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1127" id="1089">〔29〕</a>，東向生太子<a class="zhuhao" href="#1128" id="1090">〔30〕</a>。太子墮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1129" id="1091">〔31〕</a>地行七步，二龍王浴太子身，浴處遂作井。及上洗浴池<a class="zhuhao" href="#1130" id="1092">〔32〕</a>，今衆僧常取飲之<a class="zhuhao" href="#1131" id="1093">〔33〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>凡諸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1132" id="1094">〔34〕</a>佛有四處常定：一者成道處；二者轉法輪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1133" id="1095">〔35〕</a>處；三者説法論議伏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1134" id="1096">〔36〕</a>外道處；四者上忉利天爲母説法來下處。餘<a class="zhuhao" href="#1135" id="1097">〔37〕</a>則隨時示現焉。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>大空荒，人民希疏。道路怖畏白象<a class="zhuhao" href="#1136" id="1098">〔38〕</a>﹑師子，不可妄行。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00071','1385124',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P71</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1061" id="1099">〔1〕</a>迦維羅衛城：即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六之<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>（Kapilavastu），古代爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦族</span>（Sākya）所統治的城邦之一，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>爲此城邦統治者<span class="zhuanming">白淨王</span>之子。其都城遺址，據<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>第二卷（16頁）云，當在今<span class="zhuanming">尼泊爾</span>南部之<span class="zhuanming">提勞勒科脱</span>（Tilaura Koṭ）；但亦有人認爲在<span class="zhuanming">提勞勒科脱</span>東南約十哩，即在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>東北部<span class="zhuanming">巴斯提區</span>（Basti）北部之<span class="zhuanming">匹帕拉瓦</span>（Piprāwā）。據<span class="shuming">韋氏地名</span><span class="shuming">詞典</span>（Webster’s Geographical Dictionary534頁），其位置約在北緯27°37′，東經83°11′之處，靠近<span class="zhuanming">尼泊爾</span>南部的<span class="zhuanming">帕台利亞</span>（Paderia），在<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>所屬<span class="zhuanming">果臘克普爾</span>（Gorakhpur）以北。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>之記載，各本皆謂：“<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>又東南逕<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>北。”按：<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛</span>國境遠在<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>之北，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏謂<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>流逕<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>北之言誤。又，以下<span class="zhuanming">白淨王</span>故宫﹑太子母像﹑太子見病人迴車﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿夷</span>相太子﹑撲象﹑射箭﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>得道還見父王﹑<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>布施僧伽梨﹑<span class="zhuanming">瑠璃王</span>殺戮<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種等佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1062" id="1100">〔2〕</a>甚如坵荒：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“甚坵荒”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“其𪲀荒”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“甚丘荒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1063" id="1101">〔3〕</a>只有：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“正有”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“止有”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1064" id="1102">〔4〕</a>白淨王：亦作<span class="zhuanming">淨飯王</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之父<span class="zhuanming">首圖</span><span class="zhuanming">馱那</span>（Sudd-hodana），爲<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>統治者。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>“白淨王”均作“曰淨王”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>無“曰”字；<span class="shuming">殿本</span>亦無“曰”字，並注云：淨字上“近刻衍曰字”；<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“白淨王”，<span class="zhuanming">熊會貞</span>云：“曰爲白之誤，各本相沿，失於不考，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>以爲衍而删之，尤鹵莽矣。”按：<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>謂“近刻衍曰字”，不知<span class="shuming">大典本</span>固有“曰”字，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>校<span class="shuming">殿本</span>號稱據<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，以<span class="shuming">朱本</span>等爲近刻，何以竟未見<span class="shuming">大典本</span>原有“曰”字耶？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1065" id="1103">〔5〕</a>太子母：太子即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>，其母名<span class="zhuanming">摩訶摩耶</span>（Mahāmāyā）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1066" id="1104">〔6〕</a>乃：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“及”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1067" id="1105">〔7〕</a>乘白象：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“棄白像”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1068" id="1106">〔8〕</a>阿夷：即<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六之<span class="zhuanming">阿私多僊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">阿夷</span>爲梵文Asita音譯<span class="zhuanming">阿私多</span>之略。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1069" id="1107">〔9〕</a>難陀：梵文Nanda之音譯。相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">白淨王</span>之少子，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之弟。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00072','1385124',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P72</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1070" id="1108">〔10〕</a>撲象：“撲”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>作“僕”，其他各本皆作“撲”，<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>亦作“撲”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1071" id="1109">〔11〕</a>捔：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“角”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1072" id="1110">〔12〕</a>處箭：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“箭處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1073" id="1111">〔13〕</a>今：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“令”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1074" id="1112">〔14〕</a>飲之：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“餘之”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“飲”。又，自“與難陀等撲象……”至“……令行人飲之”句止，凡三十三字，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文略作：“太子與難陀等撲象角力射箭入地今有泉水行旅所資飲也。”<span class="shuming">河水注</span>此二十四字又次於下文王園夫人洗浴池及浴太子井之後，若非<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏誤移於後，恐是今傳世各本<span class="shuming">水經注</span>文字有顛倒處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1075" id="1113">〔15〕</a>優波離：“波”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“婆”。<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>乃梵文Upāli之音譯。傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一，號稱“持律第一”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1076" id="1114">〔16〕</a>四天王：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“四天王等”。佛教的神話想像，將衆生所住的世界，自下而高，分爲欲界﹑色界﹑無色界，合稱三界。欲界中有六欲天，六欲天之一爲四天王天，各有一天正（Deva-rāja）主之：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">東曰持國天（Dhṛitarāṣṛra）；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">南曰增長天（Virūḍhaka）；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">西曰廣目天（Virūpākṣa）；</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">北曰多聞天（Vaisramaṇa）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1077" id="1115">〔17〕</a>處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1078" id="1116">〔18〕</a>尼拘律樹：樹名。梵文Nyagrodha之音譯，又作尼拘盧陀﹑尼拘類陀，即榕樹（Ficus Indica）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1079" id="1117">〔19〕</a>瑠璃王：“瑠”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“琉”；前文及<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>等皆作“瑠”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1080" id="1118">〔20〕</a>釋種子：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“釋種”，下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1081" id="1119">〔21〕</a>先：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“死”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1082" id="1120">〔22〕</a>須陀洹：梵文Srotāpanna之音譯。佛教聲聞乘的四種“聖果”之一。此“四果”即：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（1）須陀洹果，即預流果：去凡夫而初入“聖道”之法流也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（2）斯陀含（Sakṛidāgāmin）果，即一來果：已斷欲界諸惑之大部分，尚當一度往來欲界也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00073','1385124',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P73</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（3）阿那含（Anāgāmin）果，即不還果：斷盡欲界諸惑，不再還來欲界也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（4）阿羅漢（Arhat）果：斷盡一切諸惑，永入涅槃，爲聲聞乘之極果也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1083" id="1121">〔23〕</a>樹下：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“坐樹下”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1084" id="1122">〔24〕</a>王園：“園”字，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“國”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>亦作“國”，但注云當是“園”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均作“園”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1085" id="1123">〔25〕</a>園名論民：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文作“園有池水”。“園”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>均作“國”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>亦作“國”，但注云當是“園”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均作“園”。<span class="zhuanming">論民</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>下之<span class="zhuanming">臘伐尼林</span>（Lumbinīvana），以<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>誕生於此而著名，故址在今<span class="zhuanming">尼泊爾</span>南部之<span class="zhuanming">臘明地</span>（Rummindeī）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1086" id="1124">〔26〕</a>浴：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“欲”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1087" id="1125">〔27〕</a>出池：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span><span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>引文皆作“出”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云：“案出下近刻有池字”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>皆作“出池”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1088" id="1126">〔28〕</a>舉手攀：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文，“舉手”上有“東向”二字；“攀”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“板”；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“扳”；<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“扳”，注云：“案扳近刻作攀”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“攀”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1089" id="1127">〔29〕</a>樹枝：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“樹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1090" id="1128">〔30〕</a>東向生太子：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“生太子”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1091" id="1129">〔31〕</a>太子墮：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“隨”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1092" id="1130">〔32〕</a>池：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1093" id="1131">〔33〕</a>自“二龍王……”至“……常取飲之”二十四字：“<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“二龍吐水浴太子遂成井池衆僧所汲養也”。本傳分别夫人洗浴池及太子浴處井甚明白，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>注混言井池，似合二爲一，有失<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>原意矣。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1094" id="1132">〔34〕</a>凡諸：<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（38頁）及<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（113頁）皆於“諸”字斷句。<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>譯“凡諸”爲In all；<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>則謂“凡諸”乃概説之義，其下“佛”字不與連讀。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1095" id="1133">〔35〕</a>轉法輪：佛教謂佛之教法爲法輪（Dharmacakra），説教法爲轉法輪。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1096" id="1134">〔36〕</a>伏：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“服”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1097" id="1135">〔37〕</a>餘：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“餘者”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00074','1385124',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P74</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1098" id="1136">〔38〕</a>怖畏白象：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“畏白象”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“畏白像”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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五河合口
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124701" key="1124701"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 五河合口 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124702" key="1124702"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00085','1385129',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P85</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000079">五河合口</p><p> <span>從此東行四由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1332" id="1315">〔1〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">五河</span><span class="zhuanming">合口</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1333" id="1316">〔2〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>從<span class="zhuanming">摩竭國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1334" id="1317">〔3〕</a>向<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1335" id="1318">〔4〕</a>，欲般涅槃<a class="zhuhao" href="#1336" id="1319">〔5〕</a>，諸天<a class="zhuhao" href="#1337" id="1320">〔6〕</a>告<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1338" id="1321">〔7〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1339" id="1322">〔8〕</a>即自嚴駕，將士衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#1340" id="1323">〔9〕</a>追到河上。<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>諸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1341" id="1324">〔10〕</a><span class="zhuanming">梨車</span>聞<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>來，亦復來迎，俱到河上。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>思惟：“前則<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>致恨，還<a class="zhuhao" href="#1342" id="1325">〔11〕</a>則<span class="zhuanming">梨車</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1343" id="1326">〔12〕</a>復怨。”則<a class="zhuhao" href="#1344" id="1327">〔13〕</a>於河中央<a class="zhuhao" href="#1345" id="1328">〔14〕</a>入火光三昧<a class="zhuhao" href="#1346" id="1329">〔15〕</a>，燒身而<a class="zhuhao" href="#1347" id="1330">〔16〕</a>般泥洹，分身作二分，一分<a class="zhuhao" href="#1348" id="1331">〔17〕</a>在一岸邊。於是二王各得半身舍利，還歸起塔。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00086','1385129',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P86</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1315" id="1332">〔1〕</a>由延：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“由旬”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1316" id="1333">〔2〕</a>五河合口：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">五河合口</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“五河口”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案近刻河下有合字”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>蓋未嘗取<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>文校看；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“五河合口”。<span class="zhuanming">五河合口</span>即自<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>至<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>之<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>渡口，附近爲<span class="zhuanming">干達克</span>（Gandak）﹑<span class="zhuanming">臘普提</span>（Rāptī）﹑<span class="zhuanming">哥格拉</span>（Gogra）﹑<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋河</span>（Son）諸大水合流之處，匯成<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>下游而東行，故曰<span class="zhuanming">五河合口</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1317" id="1334">〔3〕</a>摩竭國：即<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>，詳見下節注〔2〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1318" id="1335">〔4〕</a>毗舍離：“離”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均作“離”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>均作“利”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案舍利原本訛作舍離。”按：此所云“原本”，當指<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，然此字實應作“離”，（見前〔毗舍離國〕節注〔2〕）。<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注又舉“舍利”二字爲名稱而割去“毗”字，尤非。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1319" id="1336">〔5〕</a>般涅槃：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“般涅般”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“般泥洹”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文亦作“般泥洹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1320" id="1337">〔6〕</a>諸天：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“天”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1321" id="1338">〔7〕</a>阿闍世王：<span class="zhuanming">阿闍</span><span class="zhuanming">世王</span>（AjātaSatru）即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">阿闍</span><span class="zhuanming">多設咄路王</span>，亦稱<span class="zhuanming">未生</span><span class="zhuanming">怨王</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">摩竭</span><span class="zhuanming">提國</span>王，其在位年約爲公元前493—462年，相傳<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃當其在位之第八年，參見前〔陀歷國〕節注〔32〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1322" id="1339">〔8〕</a>阿闍世王：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>無此四字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1323" id="1340">〔9〕</a>士衆：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“士般”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1324" id="1341">〔10〕</a>毗舍離諸：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“毗舍利諸”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“毗舍離諸”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>無此四字，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>於“追至河上”一句下注云“案此句下近刻有毗舍雜諸四字”。<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏此處所言近刻，亦包括<span class="shuming">殿本</span>自稱之原本即<span class="shuming">大典本</span>在内矣，於此可見<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>蓋並未參照<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，故<span class="zhuanming">王靜安</span>氏謂“<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>校並不據<span class="shuming">大典本</span>”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1325" id="1342">〔11〕</a>還：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文作“卻”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1326" id="1343">〔12〕</a>梨車：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“梨居”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1327" id="1344">〔13〕</a>則：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>及<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“即”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1328" id="1345">〔14〕</a>河中央：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文作“中河”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00087','1385129',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P87</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1329" id="1346">〔15〕</a>火光三昧：三昧（Samādhi）是佛教用語，意譯定，火光三昧即火光定，謂以神變自出火燄焚燒其身，而達禪定。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1330" id="1347">〔16〕</a>燒身而：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>亦作“燒身而”；<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“燒具兩”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案具兩近刻訛作身而”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>出此校注，亦未參看<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>原文也。關於<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>分身與二國之佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="zhuanming">吠舍釐國</span>下有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1331" id="1348">〔17〕</a>一分：自“一”字以上<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>殘缺。自“分”字以下至〔王舍新城﹑䓑沙王舊城〕節<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>以上<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>有部分殘缺，即在每行首約殘失三字。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124705" key="1124705"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124706" key="1124706"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00013','587611',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P13</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000005">（一）<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的最早印本和古鈔本</p><p> <span>本書校注工作曾參考過的若干<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>最早印本和古鈔本，兹先作一説明。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>刊刻的<span class="shuming">崇寧萬壽大藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>至<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>刊刻的<span class="shuming">毗盧大藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>刻印的<span class="shuming">思溪藏</span>兩種（<span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>和<span class="shuming">思溪資福藏</span>）及<span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>，裏面都有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，且都至今仍有保存。這五種<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，再加上<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代刊刻的<span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，就是本書校注工作中所曾參考的<span class="zhuanming">法</span><span class="shuming">顯傳</span>的最早印本。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">崇寧萬壽大藏</span>　<span class="zhuanming">元豐</span>三年（公元1080年）始工開雕於<span class="zhuanming">福州</span><span class="zhuanming">東禪寺</span>，其中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>係<span class="zhuanming">崇寧</span>三年（公元1104年）雕造—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">東本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">毗盧大藏</span>　<span class="zhuanming">政和</span>二年（公元1112年）始工開雕於<span class="zhuanming">福州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元禪寺</span>，其中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>係<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>十八年（公元1148年）雕造—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">開本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>　<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>二年（公元1132年）在<span class="zhuanming">湖州思溪</span><span class="zhuanming">圓覺禪院</span>開雕，其中有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">圓本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">思溪資福藏</span>　一般認爲<span class="zhuanming">淳熙</span>二年（公元1175年）在<span class="zhuanming">湖州</span>（後改名<span class="zhuanming">安吉州</span>）<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span><span class="zhuanming">法寶資福禪寺</span>始工開印，其中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>係<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00014','587611',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P14</span></i><span class="zhuanming">嘉熙</span>三年（公元1239年）印造—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">資本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>　約<span class="zhuanming">寶慶</span>（公元1225—1227年）初年始工開雕於<span class="zhuanming">平江府</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">蘇州</span>之改名）<span class="zhuanming">磧砂</span><span class="zhuanming">延聖院</span>，入<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代乃竣工，其中<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>雕造年未詳—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">磧本</span>。（<span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>1935年有影印本出版，稱爲<span class="shuming">影印宋磧砂藏經</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>　約由<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代<span class="zhuanming">皇統</span>八年（公元1148年）至<span class="zhuanming">大定</span>十三年（公元1173年）間刊刻，原存<span class="zhuanming">山西</span><span class="zhuanming">趙城縣</span><span class="zhuanming">廣勝寺</span>，爲世界孤本，今移藏<span class="zhuanming">北京圖書館</span>。<span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>中有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，爲<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>北方流傳系統中的重要刻本—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">金本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>本書校注工作中曾參考的手寫本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，是十二至十四世紀中先後傳録的三種<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>古鈔本。它們是：</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">長寬</span>二年（公元1164年）的古鈔本，前有“石山寺一切經”印記—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">石本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">鎌倉</span>初期（十二世紀末至十三世紀初）的古鈔本—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">應永</span>七年（公元1400年）的古鈔本（<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">京都市</span><span class="zhuanming">南禪寺</span>所藏）—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">禪本</span>。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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校注説明
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124709" key="1124709"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124706" key="1124706"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00013','587611',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P13</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000005">（一）<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的最早印本和古鈔本</p><p> <span>本書校注工作曾參考過的若干<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>最早印本和古鈔本，兹先作一説明。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>刊刻的<span class="shuming">崇寧萬壽大藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>至<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>刊刻的<span class="shuming">毗盧大藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>刻印的<span class="shuming">思溪藏</span>兩種（<span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>和<span class="shuming">思溪資福藏</span>）及<span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>，裏面都有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，且都至今仍有保存。這五種<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，再加上<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代刊刻的<span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，就是本書校注工作中所曾參考的<span class="zhuanming">法</span><span class="shuming">顯傳</span>的最早印本。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">崇寧萬壽大藏</span>　<span class="zhuanming">元豐</span>三年（公元1080年）始工開雕於<span class="zhuanming">福州</span><span class="zhuanming">東禪寺</span>，其中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>係<span class="zhuanming">崇寧</span>三年（公元1104年）雕造—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">東本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">毗盧大藏</span>　<span class="zhuanming">政和</span>二年（公元1112年）始工開雕於<span class="zhuanming">福州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元禪寺</span>，其中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>係<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>十八年（公元1148年）雕造—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">開本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>　<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>二年（公元1132年）在<span class="zhuanming">湖州思溪</span><span class="zhuanming">圓覺禪院</span>開雕，其中有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">圓本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">思溪資福藏</span>　一般認爲<span class="zhuanming">淳熙</span>二年（公元1175年）在<span class="zhuanming">湖州</span>（後改名<span class="zhuanming">安吉州</span>）<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span><span class="zhuanming">法寶資福禪寺</span>始工開印，其中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>係<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00014','587611',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P14</span></i><span class="zhuanming">嘉熙</span>三年（公元1239年）印造—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">資本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>　約<span class="zhuanming">寶慶</span>（公元1225—1227年）初年始工開雕於<span class="zhuanming">平江府</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">蘇州</span>之改名）<span class="zhuanming">磧砂</span><span class="zhuanming">延聖院</span>，入<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代乃竣工，其中<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>雕造年未詳—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">磧本</span>。（<span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>1935年有影印本出版，稱爲<span class="shuming">影印宋磧砂藏經</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>　約由<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代<span class="zhuanming">皇統</span>八年（公元1148年）至<span class="zhuanming">大定</span>十三年（公元1173年）間刊刻，原存<span class="zhuanming">山西</span><span class="zhuanming">趙城縣</span><span class="zhuanming">廣勝寺</span>，爲世界孤本，今移藏<span class="zhuanming">北京圖書館</span>。<span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>中有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，爲<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>北方流傳系統中的重要刻本—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">金本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>本書校注工作中曾參考的手寫本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，是十二至十四世紀中先後傳録的三種<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>古鈔本。它們是：</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">長寬</span>二年（公元1164年）的古鈔本，前有“石山寺一切經”印記—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">石本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">鎌倉</span>初期（十二世紀末至十三世紀初）的古鈔本—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">應永</span>七年（公元1400年）的古鈔本（<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">京都市</span><span class="zhuanming">南禪寺</span>所藏）—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">禪本</span>。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（4）磧本
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124711" key="1124711"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本 &gt; （4）磧本 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124712" key="1124712"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00020','587615',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P20</span></i><p class="font18" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000009"><b>（4）<span class="shuming">磧本</span></b></p><p> <span><span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>開雕（約公元1225年）離<span class="shuming">圓覺藏</span>開雕（公元1132年）不到一百年，離<span class="shuming">資福藏</span>的開印（公元1175年）不過五十年。<span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>印經的所在地是<span class="zhuanming">平江府</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">蘇州市</span>）東南<span class="zhuanming">陳湖</span>北一個叫做<span class="zhuanming">磧砂</span>的沙洲，<span class="shuming">圓覺藏</span>和<span class="shuming">資福藏</span>印經的所在地是<span class="zhuanming">湖州</span><span class="zhuanming">歸安縣</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">吴興縣</span>）東南一個叫做<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span>的農村，兩地都在<span class="zhuanming">太湖</span>之東南，相距不過二百里左右。<span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>的雕印，其受<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span>兩藏的影響自在意料之中。故今<span class="shuming">磧本</span>和<span class="shuming">圓本</span>兩<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>内容亦甚相似。<span class="shuming">磧本</span>或即以<span class="shuming">圓本</span>爲底本，略加校改而開雕。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>氏認爲<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">資本</span>可視之爲<span class="zhuanming">元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明</span>版<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的底本，是説得通的。我們從<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="shuming">大正新修大藏經</span>的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>校記中也可看出<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>—<span class="zhuanming">元</span>—<span class="zhuanming">明</span>版之間的蟬連之跡。</span> </p><p> <span>所以，從<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">東本</span>及其化身<span class="shuming">開本</span>，一傳而爲<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">圓本</span>及其後身<span class="shuming">資本</span>，再傳而爲<span class="shuming">磧本</span>，又傳而爲<span class="zhuanming">元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明</span>諸本，這就是<span class="shuming">法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00021','587615',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P21</span></i>顯傳</span>刻本在南方的一個流傳系統。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（3）圓本和資本
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124715" key="1124715"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本 &gt; （3）圓本和資本 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124716" key="1124716"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00018','587614',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P18</span></i><p class="font18" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000008"><b>（3）<span class="shuming">圓本</span>和<span class="shuming">資本</span></b></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">湖州</span>（後改<span class="zhuanming">安吉州</span>）<span class="zhuanming">歸安縣</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">吴興縣</span>）東南三十五里的<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span>，是一個不大的農村，但在<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>一代却印過兩次<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>。第一次於<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>二年（公元1132年）在<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span><span class="zhuanming">圓覺禪院</span>由<span class="zhuanming">密州</span>觀察使致仕<span class="zhuanming">王永從</span>全家捐資雕印，故稱<span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>或<span class="shuming">思溪王永從版</span>；第二次約從<span class="zhuanming">淳熙</span>二年（公元1175年）開始分别印行，施財者不限一人一家，因在<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span><span class="zhuanming">法寶資福禪寺</span>付印，故稱<span class="shuming">思溪資福藏</span>或<span class="shuming">安吉州藏</span>。<span class="shuming">思溪資福藏</span>本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>（<span class="shuming">資本</span>）印於<span class="zhuanming">嘉熙</span>三年（公元1239年），現<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">東京市</span><span class="zhuanming">增上寺</span>經藏及<span class="zhuanming">埼玉縣</span><span class="zhuanming">川越喜多院</span>經藏均有收藏。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>中曾引用<span class="zhuanming">增上寺</span>本來校字。我這次將<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>中引用過的<span class="shuming">資本</span>字句，來和<span class="shuming">圓本</span>對比，兩本可説完全相同。<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span>祇是一個小地方，百年之間，何以竟能開雕兩版<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>？這一疑問，學者間本來早已發生。<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>氏於<span class="shuming">兩浙古刊本考</span>卷下就已提出，他懷疑<span class="shuming">思溪資福藏</span>就是利用<span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>原來的雕版，整理增補一下，再一次加以印行，未必另刻過新版。<span class="zhuanming">葉恭綽</span>氏於<span class="shuming">歷代藏經考略</span>中也説他研究的結果，“<span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>版式，與<span class="shuming">思溪<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00019','587614',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P19</span></i>資福藏</span>完全相同，皆每版三十行，行十七字，其字體之方勁，亦復相類。……故謂<span class="shuming">資福</span>即<span class="shuming">圓覺</span>之後身，其説頗足置信。”我曾經注意到，雕印<span class="shuming">圓覺藏</span>的寺院，有下面這幾個名稱：</span> </p><p> <span>甲﹑<span class="zhuanming">思谿</span><span class="zhuanming">圓覺法寶寺</span>（見<span class="zhuanming">嘉泰</span><span class="shuming">吴興志</span>引<span class="shuming">黄學士文集思谿圓覺法寶寺舍利塔記</span>。<span class="shuming">記</span>文稱“<span class="zhuanming">宋崇信軍</span>承宣使<span class="zhuanming">王</span>公<span class="zhuanming">永從</span><span class="zhuanming">宣和</span>間仕於朝，……既謝事而歸，則捨家造寺建塔”。）</span> </p><p> <span>乙﹑<span class="zhuanming">思谿</span><span class="zhuanming">圓覺禪院</span>（見<span class="zhuanming">嘉泰</span><span class="shuming">吴興志</span>。<span class="shuming">志</span>文稱此院係“<span class="zhuanming">宣和</span>中土人<span class="zhuanming">密州</span>觀察使<span class="zhuanming">王永從</span>與其弟<span class="zhuanming">崇信軍</span>承宣使<span class="zhuanming">永錫</span>創建賜額”。）</span> </p><p> <span>丙﹑<span class="zhuanming">法寶禪院</span>（見<span class="shuming">古今圖書集成</span><span class="shuming">方輿彙編</span><span class="shuming">職方典</span><span class="shuming">湖州府部</span>。下文稱此院“在縣南<span class="zhuanming">思溪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">宣和</span>中建，今廢爲民居”。）</span> </p><p> <span>可見此<span class="zhuanming">圓覺法寶寺</span>亦即<span class="zhuanming">圓覺禪院</span>亦即<span class="zhuanming">法寶禪院</span>，創建於<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">宣和</span>時，而其廢爲民居，大約在<span class="zhuanming">明</span>末<span class="zhuanming">清</span>初。至於印造<span class="shuming">資福藏</span>的寺院，其名稱有：</span> </p><p> <span>甲﹑<span class="zhuanming">安吉州</span><span class="zhuanming">思溪法</span><span class="zhuanming">寶資福禪寺</span>（見<span class="zhuanming">葉恭綽</span>氏<span class="shuming">歷代藏經考略</span>，載<span class="shuming">張菊生先生七十生日紀念論文集</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span>乙﹑<span class="zhuanming">湖州路</span><span class="zhuanming">思溪法寶寺</span>（見<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">增上寺</span><span class="shuming">緣山三大藏經緣起</span>所記。據所記，此乃<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">後宇多院</span><span class="zhuanming">建治</span>元年（1275年）<span class="zhuanming">日</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">傳曉</span>入<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>帶歸，時爲<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span><span class="zhuanming">德祐</span>元年，即<span class="zhuanming">元世祖</span><span class="zhuanming">至元</span>十二年，故<span class="zhuanming">安吉州</span>又改<span class="zhuanming">湖州路</span>矣。）</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">圓覺禪院</span>也好，<span class="zhuanming">資福禪寺</span>也好，都帶<span class="zhuanming">法寶</span>之名，有時就直稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">法寶禪院</span>或<span class="zhuanming">法寶寺</span>。看來<span class="zhuanming">圓覺</span>和<span class="zhuanming">資福</span>，分明就是一個寺院；<span class="shuming">圓本</span>和<span class="shuming">資本</span>，分明就在同一寺院且基本上用同一副經版先後兩次的印本。由<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的<span class="shuming">圓本</span>和<span class="shuming">資本</span>字句之相同，更足爲此增一實證。</span> </p><p> <span>不過<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>的校記中所引用的<span class="shuming">資本</span>文字，也有不到十個<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00020','587614',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P20</span></i>字和<span class="shuming">圓本</span>不同，這可能是印<span class="shuming">圓本</span>的舊雕版有一點損壞，再印<span class="shuming">資本</span>時曾加修補，因而發生差異；也可能是<span class="zhuanming">足立</span>氏的筆誤，因爲<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>中的校記，無論是初版或再版都有一些錯字。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（15—16頁）謂<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">資本</span>不獨有三處（當即前述有關<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>之三處）爲<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版所無，且其字句内容亦頗與<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版異趣，而與<span class="zhuanming">元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明</span>藏經本﹑諸叢書本﹑乃至<span class="shuming">高麗藏</span>本近似，故<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>版傳來之系統異於<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版，而可視之爲<span class="zhuanming">元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明</span>版<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的底本。<span class="zhuanming">足立</span>氏認爲<span class="shuming">資本</span>和<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版是從不同的系統流傳下來的這一看法，顯然是錯誤的。因爲我們已看到，<span class="shuming">資本</span>是<span class="shuming">圓本</span>的後身，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>又是<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版<span class="shuming">東本</span>經過認真校補的翻刻本，怎樣能説<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">資本</span>和<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版不是屬於同一個流傳系統呢？</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（2）圓本和開本
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124719" key="1124719"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本 &gt; （2）圓本和開本 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124720" key="1124720"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00015','587613',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P15</span></i><p class="font18" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000007"><b>（2）<span class="shuming">圓本</span>和<span class="shuming">開本</span></b></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北京圖書館</span>藏有<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span><span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>二年（公元1132年）雕印的<span class="shuming">圓<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00016','587613',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P16</span></i>本</span>，1955年曾由<span class="zhuanming">文學古籍刊行社</span>影印出版。<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>氏於三十年代中撰印<span class="shuming">考證法顯傳</span>以及後來再版時，都未見到過此本。但<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">早稻田大學</span><span class="zhuanming">長澤和俊</span>教授於1970年撰<span class="shuming">宫内廳書陵部圖書寮本法顯傳校注</span>（以下簡稱<span class="shuming">長校</span>）時，則就以<span class="shuming">開本</span>爲底本，以<span class="shuming">圓本</span>和<span class="shuming">高麗藏本</span>來校字。<span class="shuming">長校</span>（3—4頁）認爲<span class="shuming">圓本</span>係以<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本<span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span>本（即<span class="shuming">開本</span>）作爲底本，再以當時所見其他異本來校補，兩者實屬同一系統，而<span class="shuming">高麗藏本</span>則另屬一系統。<span class="shuming">長校</span>并列出簡表，認爲<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的雕印流傳，有<span class="zhuanming"><span class="song">A</span></span><span class="zhuanming"><span class="song">B</span></span>兩個系統如下：</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming"><span class="song">A</span></span><span class="zhuanming">東禪寺</span>本（<span class="shuming">東本</span>）→<span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span>本（<span class="shuming">開本</span>）……</span> </p><p> <span>↓</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">A’</span><span class="shuming">思溪藏</span>本（<span class="shuming">圓本</span>）→<span class="shuming">元藏</span>本……</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming"><span class="song">B</span></span><span class="shuming">高麗藏</span>本</span> </p><p> <span>以上是<span class="shuming">長校</span>提出的看法。</span> </p><p> <span>對於<span class="shuming">圓本</span>和<span class="shuming">開本</span>之間的關係，我也曾進行了觀察。兩本版式相同，都是每開六行，每行字數，<span class="shuming">開本</span>都是十七字，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>基本都是十七字，但有的地方多至十八字，十九字，甚至二十字的。<span class="shuming">開本</span>本文，共八百零一行，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>共八百十九行，這是因爲<span class="shuming">圓本</span>比<span class="shuming">開本</span>增補了<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>西北<span class="zhuanming">放弓仗塔</span>一大段三百零八字，計十八行（每行十七字，有兩行十八字），如果除去這十八行，那麽也就祇有八百零一行，和<span class="shuming">開本</span>一樣了。（關於<span class="shuming">圓本</span>較<span class="shuming">開本</span>增補三百零八字一事，詳見本書<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>〔毗舍離國〕節）。至於這八百零一行裏面，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>有的地方會多至十八字﹑十九字乃至二十字的，全是因爲對<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本進行了校訂後有字增補之故。<span class="shuming">圓本</span>根據當時所見異本對<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本增補上去的，向來最引起注意的有三處，一即〔焉夷國〕節中“<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>土沙門至彼都不預其僧例”之十二字；二即上述〔毗舍離國〕節之三百餘字；三即<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>〔王城及佛齒供養〕節<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00017','587613',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P17</span></i>中關於摩尼珠庫藏之十三字。<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>氏以爲<span class="shuming">圓本</span>此三處都補得很好（詳見以下各條校注）。此外，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>對<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本校正誤字和增補脱字的地方，也有改得好的，舉幾個例來看：如記<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙國</span>時之改“牧牛兒”爲“牧牛小兒”，記<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>時之改“令泉水出”爲“今泉水出”，皆與<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文更相合；記<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>時之改“此<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>有十六種道”爲“此<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>有九十六種外道”，記<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>附近<span class="zhuanming">賓波羅窟</span>時之改“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>食後常於此禪”爲“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>食後常於此坐禪”，都增補了脱字；記<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span>時之改“頗鞞”爲“頞鞞”，改正了錯字，與梵文原名Asvajit相合。但也有改得不好，改錯了的，也舉幾個例來看：如記<span class="zhuanming">張掖王</span><span class="zhuanming">段業</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本誤作“<span class="zhuanming">張掖王</span>改業”，其致誤之由來還有些線索可尋，而<span class="shuming">圓本</span>改作“<span class="zhuanming">張掖王</span>慇懃”，則錯得更遠了；又如記<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本説“有<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>”，此即古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之Yamunā河，今稱<span class="zhuanming">朱木拿河</span>（Jumna），本不誤，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>改作“又經（逕）<span class="zhuanming">捕那河</span>”，反而改錯了；又如記<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施國</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本作“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>上忉利天三月爲母説法”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>把“三月”改作“三日”，也改錯了（這可能是雕版時誤刻的）。還有記<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>貝多樹時，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本即<span class="zhuanming">福州</span>版的<span class="shuming">東本</span>和<span class="shuming">開本</span>有“柱雖中裂，猶畏其外”的記述，這個“畏”字顯然有錯誤，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>校改成“柱雖中裂，猶裹畏其外”，仍不通順。推<span class="shuming">圓本</span>本意，是要改“畏”字爲“裹”字，但不知因何仍留下原來的“畏”字未删去，仍爲誤句，後來<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">資本</span>和<span class="shuming">磧本</span>也都跟着<span class="shuming">圓本</span>錯下去。<span class="shuming">圓本</span>這一處的錯誤，却也留下了一點痕跡，可以看得出它本來是用<span class="zhuanming">福州</span>版爲底本，但曾進行過校改而加以翻刻的。</span> </p><p> <span>從我以上這些觀察，來看前已述及的<span class="shuming">長校</span>（3—4頁）所提的看法，可見到其中的合理處。不過<span class="shuming">長校</span>在雕造的時間上有一些講不通的地方。<span class="shuming">開本</span>上印有<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>戊辰即<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>十八年（公元<span class="song">1148</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00018','587613',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P18</span></i>年）雕造的題記，而我所見到的<span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>印本題記皆作<span class="zhuanming">紹興</span>二年（公元1132年），早於<span class="shuming">開本</span>者十六年，早印的<span class="shuming">圓本</span>如何能以遲印十六年的<span class="shuming">開本</span>來做底本呢？由此可見<span class="shuming">圓本</span>據以校改翻刻的底本雖爲<span class="zhuanming">福州</span>版，但應爲<span class="zhuanming">福州</span>版中的<span class="shuming">東本</span>而非<span class="shuming">開本</span>。所以<span class="shuming">圓本</span>和<span class="shuming">開本</span>之間應該並没有甚麽直接的關係，和<span class="shuming">圓本</span>有密切關係的乃是<span class="shuming">東本</span>，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>乃是據<span class="shuming">東本</span>而認真校訂增改過的翻刻本，是一個有<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本之長且經過校改的好本子。當然，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>的校訂工作也留下一些錯誤，仍應該用<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>等古刻本和其他古鈔本（如下面要説到的<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>等）再來加以校正。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（1）東本和開本
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124730" key="1124730"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本 &gt; （1）東本和開本 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124731" key="1124731"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00014','587612',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P14</span></i><p class="font18" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000006"><b>（1）<span class="shuming">東本</span>和<span class="shuming">開本</span></b></p><p> <span>藏有<span class="shuming">東本法顯傳</span>的是<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">京都市</span><span class="zhuanming">大宫西九條</span><span class="zhuanming">東寺</span>經藏和<span class="zhuanming">京都府</span><span class="zhuanming">宇治郡</span><span class="zhuanming">醍醐寺</span><span class="zhuanming">上醍醐</span>經藏；藏有<span class="shuming">開本</span><span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的是<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">宫内廳書陵部圖書寮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">京都市</span><span class="zhuanming">知恩院</span>經藏和舊<span class="zhuanming">金澤文庫</span>（此本後來已另歸他人）。由於<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>這兩種本子都尚有保藏於<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>，<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>學者<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>氏在他所撰的<span class="shuming">考證法顯傳</span>（1935年出版，以下簡稱<span class="shuming">足立氏書初版</span>；此書於1940年再版，改稱<span class="shuming">法顯傳—中亞﹑印度﹑南海紀行の研究</span>，以下簡稱<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>）中遂首先加以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00015','587612',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P15</span></i>利用，對<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的校勘和研究作出了重要的貢獻。<span class="shuming">東本</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>刻本，是今存的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>最早印本，<span class="shuming">開本</span>印於<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>初的1148年，較<span class="shuming">東本</span>之印於1104年者遲了四十四年，但<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>氏對校的結果，在他的書中舉出，兩本文字可説完全一樣，祇有極少幾個字的字畫稍有繁簡和不同。即：一﹑卷首發跡<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>的時間，<span class="shuming">東本</span>作“歲在己亥”，<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“歲在巳亥”；二﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>的“初發跡<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>”，<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“𥘉發跡<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>”；三﹑<span class="zhuanming">鄯善國</span>中<span class="shuming">東本</span>的“但以氈褐爲異”，<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“但以氈󵵾爲異”；四﹑<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span>中<span class="shuming">東本</span>的“遂返遷向昌”，<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“遂返遷向唱”；五﹑<span class="zhuanming">那揭國城</span>有關佛僧伽梨的記載，<span class="shuming">東本</span>的“禮佛供養”，<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“禮拜供養”；六﹑<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國舍衛城南</span><span class="shuming">東本</span>的“𥘉到<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>”，<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“初到<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>”；七﹑<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>附近<span class="shuming">東本</span>的“彫鷲窟”，<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“鵰鷲窟”。此外，兩本後面各附有<span class="shuming">字音</span>，<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>中所舉出的，也祇有三處略異，即：一﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>中一處之“󵵼褐”，<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>作“𥙡󵵾”；二﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>中一處注釋“湯突”二字，説上一字“正作盪”，<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>却説上一字“正作濫”；三﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>中一處注“銅杅，下盂字”，<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>注“銅杅，下于字”。<span class="shuming">東本</span>和<span class="shuming">開本</span>内容既如此相合，且版式也完全一樣，都是每開六行，行十七字，因之<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>認爲：兩本同在<span class="zhuanming">福州</span>開刻，<span class="shuming">開本</span>若非與<span class="shuming">東本</span>用同一之底本，則必即根據<span class="shuming">東本</span>雕造，是一種<span class="shuming">東本</span>的翻刻本，故開版雖在<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>時，由内容上言則屬<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版，總之，“兩者相等”。所以<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>的學者，認爲<span class="shuming">開本</span>即是<span class="shuming">東本</span>的化身，每將<span class="shuming">開本</span>歸入於<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本。我們祇要看看本書前面所附的圖版（一）和圖版（二），便可略見<span class="shuming">東本</span>和<span class="shuming">開本</span>之“兩者相等”的實際情况了。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（三）關於校注工作的説明
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124742" key="1124742"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （三）關於校注工作的説明 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124743" key="1124743"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00026','587619',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P26</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000013">（三）關於校注工作的説明</p><p> <span>一﹑本書以<span class="shuming">圓本</span>即<span class="zhuanming">北京圖書館</span>所藏<span class="shuming">思溪圓覺藏</span>本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>作底本。此本1955年<span class="zhuanming">文學古籍刊行社</span>曾出過影印本，其中原缺五番，是<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">元禄</span>九年（公元1696年）鈔配的。</span> </p><p> <span>二﹑本書參校的版本：</span> </p><p> <span>1.<span class="shuming">東本</span>（據<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>引文）</span> </p><p> <span>2.<span class="shuming">開本</span>（據原本影印本）</span> </p><p> <span>3.<span class="shuming">金本</span>（據<span class="zhuanming">臺灣省</span><span class="zhuanming">歷史語言研究所</span><span class="shuming">集刊</span>印本）</span> </p><p> <span>4.<span class="shuming">石本</span>（據原本影印本）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00027','587619',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P27</span></i><p> <span>5.<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>（據原本影印本）</span> </p><p> <span>6.<span class="shuming">磧本</span>（據原本影印本）</span> </p><p> <span>7.<span class="shuming">資本</span>（據<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>引文）</span> </p><p> <span>8.<span class="shuming">禪本</span>（據<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>引文）</span> </p><p> <span>9.<span class="shuming">麗本</span>（據<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>排印本并參考<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>引文。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>排印的<span class="shuming">麗本</span>和<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>引用的<span class="shuming">麗本</span>間文字偶有小的不同，可能是<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>把某些字用近代化的鉛字代替了。）</span> </p><p> <span>10.<span class="shuming">津本</span>—即<span class="shuming">津逮秘書</span>本（1922年<span class="zhuanming">上海</span><span class="zhuanming">博古齋</span>據<span class="zhuanming">明汲古閣</span>本影印，書名作<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span>11.<span class="shuming">學本</span>—即<span class="shuming">學津討原</span>本（<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">嘉慶</span>十年即公元1805年<span class="zhuanming">虞山張</span>氏<span class="zhuanming">曠照閣</span>刊本，書名作<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span>12.<span class="shuming">院本</span>—即<span class="zhuanming">支那内學院</span>1932年刻本（書名作<span class="shuming">歷游天竺記傳</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span>三﹑<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>兩種<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>後各附有<span class="shuming">字音</span>一篇；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>後亦各附有<span class="shuming">字音</span>，此四種僅在<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>中曾選用一部分，其全文在國内難於見到，只能從<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>轉録。又，<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span><span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>第一百卷，亦收有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，可考見一部分<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本面目。以上所説諸種<span class="shuming">字音</span>及<span class="shuming">慧琳音義</span>，兹均取以爲校字之資。各本<span class="shuming">字音</span>於引用時即稱某本<span class="shuming">字音</span>；<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span>書（兼用<span class="shuming">頻伽精舍校刊大藏經</span>本及<span class="shuming">大正新修大藏經</span>第五十四卷所收<span class="shuming">高麗藏</span>本）於引用時簡稱<span class="shuming">音義</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>四﹑<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>曾引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>多處，兹亦取以校字。所曾參閲的<span class="shuming">水經注</span>版本有：</span> </p><p> <span>1.<span class="shuming">大典本</span>（影印<span class="shuming">永樂大典</span>本）</span> </p><p> <span>2.<span class="shuming">黄本</span>（<span class="zhuanming">黄省曾</span>刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>3.<span class="shuming">吴本</span>（<span class="zhuanming">吴琯</span>刻本）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00028','587619',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P28</span></i><p> <span>4.<span class="shuming">朱本</span>（<span class="zhuanming">朱謀㙔</span><span class="shuming">水經注箋</span>原刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>5.<span class="shuming">沈本</span>（影印<span class="shuming">四庫全書</span>本<span class="zhuanming">沈炳巽</span><span class="shuming">水經注集釋訂譌</span>）</span> </p><p> <span>6.<span class="shuming">全本</span>（<span class="zhuanming">全祖望</span><span class="shuming">全氏七校水經注</span>原刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>7.<span class="shuming">趙本</span>（<span class="zhuanming">趙一清</span><span class="shuming">水經注釋</span>原刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>8.<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>（<span class="zhuanming">趙一清</span><span class="shuming">水經注箋刊誤</span>原刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>9.<span class="shuming">戴本</span>（<span class="zhuanming">戴震</span>自刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>10.<span class="shuming">殿本</span>（影印<span class="shuming">武英殿聚珍版</span>本）</span> </p><p> <span>11.<span class="shuming">楊本</span>（影印<span class="zhuanming">楊守敬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">熊會貞</span><span class="shuming">水經注疏</span>本）</span> </p><p> <span>五﹑<span class="shuming">圓本</span>以外其他各本的文字，凡和<span class="shuming">圓本</span>相同的不出校記；和<span class="shuming">圓本</span>有不同的，其處理如下：</span> </p><p> <span>1.各本較善者，依各本改，并於校記中注出。</span> </p><p> <span>2.<span class="shuming">圓本</span>不必改而各本異文仍有可供參考者，從寬採取，亦見校記。</span> </p><p> <span>3.下列情况，一般即不出校記：</span> </p><p> <span>甲﹑明顯的誤字。如本書12頁之“人理莫比”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>誤作“人理莫北”；13頁之“客僧”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>誤作“容僧”；14頁之“但以手指麾”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>誤作“但以手指魔”；39頁之“大興兵衆”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>誤作“大與兵衆”等。</span> </p><p> <span>乙﹑一般通用的異體字及所謂俗字。如：</span> </p><p> <span>爾﹑尔　彌﹑弥　陀﹑陁</span> </p><p> <span>花﹑華　汎﹑泛　映﹑暎</span> </p><p> <span>希﹑稀　旁﹑傍　災﹑灾</span> </p><p> <span>然﹑燃　翦﹑剪　植﹑殖</span> </p><p> <span>罰﹑罸　牀﹑床　粮﹑糧</span> </p><p> <span>按﹑案　帀﹑匝　校﹑挍</span> </p><p> <span>度﹑渡　牆﹑墻　鼓﹑皷</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00029','587619',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P29</span></i><p> <span>鹹﹑醎　輒﹑輙　乾﹑乹</span> </p><p> <span>殺﹑煞　肅﹑粛　毗﹑毘等。</span> </p><p> <span>丙﹑鈔本中常見之簡體字及便寫字。如：</span> </p><p> <span>無﹑无　禮﹑礼　亂﹑乱</span> </p><p> <span>疏﹑䟽　惡﹑𢙣　極﹑󲋊等</span> </p><p> <span>丁﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>刻本及古鈔本中之“已”﹑“己”常即作“巳”，偏旁“衤”或即作“礻”，皆顯然可識，如此者亦不出校記。</span> </p><p> <span>六﹑<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的文字，如山月松風，質樸明暢，閲讀起來困難並不太多。但這書畢竟是一千五百多年前的作品，又出於一個佛教徒之手，所以對於今天的普通讀者，還是需要有一些注釋來便利他們的閲讀。本書的注釋部分，即因此而作，重點置於人名﹑地名﹑歷史情况﹑時間考訂﹑佛教用語諸方面。書後所附地圖，亦希望能有助於讀者。</span> </p><p> <span>七﹑<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中的人名﹑地名及有關佛教記載等，自梵文譯來的很多，都努力在注釋中予以復原。唯梵文的拉丁文轉寫方式，諸書不盡相同，注釋中基本上依照Sir Monier Monier-Wil-liams所編的A Sanskṛit-English Dictionary（1899年新版，1951年再印本，<span class="zhuanming">英國</span><span class="zhuanming">牛津大學出版社</span>出版）。但爲顧到近年較通用的轉寫方式，改用S和Ṣ來代替Ś和sh；又爲求簡化一點，凡鼻音符一般皆用ṃ。</span> </p><p> <span>八﹑<span class="zhuanming">歐洲</span><span class="zhuanming">法</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">英</span>諸國和<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>的學者，自十九世紀前期以來，即相繼從事<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的譯注工作，本書注釋時參考引用得最多的，是：</span> </p><p> <span>1.Samuel Beal：Travels of Fah-hian and Sung-yun，Buddhist Pil-grims，from China to India（400A.D.and 518 A.D.）（1869年，<span class="zhuanming">倫敦</span>）—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>2.James Legge：A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms，being an Ac-<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00030','587619',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P30</span></i>count by the Chinese Monk Fâ-hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon（A.D.399—414）（1886年，<span class="zhuanming">牛津</span>）—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>3.H.A.Giles：The Travels of Fa-hsien（399—414 A.D.）OrRecord of the Buddhistic Kingdoms（1923年，<span class="zhuanming">劍橋</span>）—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>4.<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>：<span class="shuming">考證法顯傳</span>（1935年，<span class="zhuanming">東京市</span>）—簡稱<span class="shuming">足立氏書初版</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>5.<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>：<span class="shuming">法顯傳—中亞﹑印度﹑南海紀行の研究</span>（1940年，<span class="zhuanming">東京市</span>）—簡稱<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>6.<span class="shuming">長澤和俊</span>：<span class="shuming">宫内廳書陵部圖書寮本法顯傳校注</span>（1970年，刊於<span class="shuming">鹿兒島短期大學研究紀要</span>第6號）—其<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>本文即<span class="shuming">開本</span>的影印本。</span> </p><p> <span>九﹑下列幾種我國學者有關<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的研究，也曾加以參考：</span> </p><p> <span>1.<span class="zhuanming">李光廷</span>：<span class="shuming">漢西域圖考</span>卷七<span class="shuming">節録晉釋法顯佛國記</span></span> </p><p> <span>2.<span class="zhuanming">丁謙</span>：<span class="shuming">浙江圖書館叢書</span>第二集<span class="shuming">晉釋法顯佛國記地理考證</span></span> </p><p> <span>3.<span class="zhuanming">岑仲勉</span>：<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記考釋</span>（1934年，<span class="zhuanming">商務印書館</span>出版）</span> </p><p> <span>4.<span class="zhuanming">賀昌羣</span>：<span class="shuming">古代西域交通與法顯印度巡禮</span>（1956年，<span class="zhuanming">湖北人民出版社</span>出版）</span> </p><p> <span>5.<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>：<span class="shuming">兩漢魏晉南北朝佛教史</span>（1955年，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>出版），書中有關<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之記述及論斷，最爲精審。</span> </p><p> <span>十﹑<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一卷，原來不分章節，今依其内容，分作五大段：自發跡<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>至度<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>爲第一大段，<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">西天竺</span>記遊爲第二大段，<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">東天竺</span>記遊爲第三大段，<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>記遊爲第四大段，浮海東還爲第五大段，每大段下又分出若干小節，各加—子題，以清眉目。全書前補加一目録，以便檢閲。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00031','587619',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P31</span></i><p> <span>十一﹑本書校注工作中所曾參考之<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>諸古刻本及古鈔本，頗爲珍貴，兹選取一部分製成圖版八幅，印於書前，以見一斑。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（六）　摩訶僧祇律私記
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124758" key="1124758"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （六）　摩訶僧祇律私記 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124759" key="1124759"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00169','1385161',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P169</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000146">（六）　摩訶僧祇律私記</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>昔時暫有惡王御世，諸沙門避之四奔，三藏比丘星離。惡王既死，更有善王，還請諸沙門還國供養。時<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>有五百僧，欲斷事而無律師，又無律文，無所承案，即遣人到<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>寫得律本，于今傳賞。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王塔</span>南<span class="zhuanming">天王精舍</span>寫得梵本還<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年歲在丙辰十一月<a class="zhuhao" href="#2585" id="2583">〔1〕</a>於<span class="zhuanming">鬭場寺</span>出之，至十四年二月末都訖，共禪師譯梵爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>焉，故記之。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹後，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>集律藏爲大師宗，具持八萬法藏。<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>滅度後，次尊者<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，亦具持八萬法藏。次尊者<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>，亦具持八萬法藏。次尊者<span class="zhuanming">舍那婆斯</span>，亦具持八萬法藏。次尊者<span class="zhuanming">優波掘多</span>，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>記無相佛，如降魔因緣中説，而不能<a class="zhuhao" href="#2586" id="2584">〔2〕</a>具持八萬法藏，於是遂有五部名生。初曇摩掘多别爲一部，次彌沙塞别爲一部，次迦葉維復爲一部，次薩婆多，薩婆多者，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>言説一切有，所以名一切有者，自上諸部義宗各異，薩婆多者，言過去未來現在中陰各自有性，故名一切有。於是五部並立，紛然競起，各<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00170','1385161',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P170</span></i>以自義爲是。時<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>言：“我今何以測其是非？”於是問僧：“佛法斷事云何？”皆言：“法應從多。”王言：“若爾者，當行籌，知何衆多。”於是行籌，取本衆籌者甚多，以衆多故，故名摩訶僧祇，摩訶僧祇者，大衆也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>第四十卷後所附）</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2583" id="2585">〔1〕</a>十一月：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“十月”，今依<span class="shuming">頻迦本</span>改作“十一月”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2584" id="2586">〔2〕</a>不能：<span class="shuming">頻伽本</span>作“亦能”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
目録
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039459" key="1039459"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 目録 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124768" key="1124768"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-B00001','1296468',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p style="text-indent:NaNpx;">目録</p><p style="text-indent:28px;">新版前言<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">1</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">序<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">1</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">校注説明<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">13</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">法顯傳校注<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">1</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">2</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">西行之始<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">2</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">乾歸國　耨檀國　張掖鎮　燉煌<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">3</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">沙河<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">6</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">鄯善國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">7</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">焉夷國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">8</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">沙行<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">11</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">于闐國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">11</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">子合國　於麾國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">16</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">竭叉國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">17</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">度葱嶺<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">21</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">二　北天竺﹑西天竺記遊<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">22</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">陀歷國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">22</span></span></p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-B00002','1296468',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i><p style="text-indent:56px;">烏萇國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">27</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">宿呵多國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">29</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">犍陀衛國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">30</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">竺刹尸羅國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">32</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">弗樓沙國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">33</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">那竭國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">38</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">度小雪山<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">43</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">羅夷國　跋那國　毗荼國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">43</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">三　中天竺﹑東天竺記遊<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">46</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">摩頭羅國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">46</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">僧伽施國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">52</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">罽饒夷城<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">58</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">沙祇大國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">59</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">拘薩羅國舍衛城<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">61</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">都維﹑那毗伽等三邑<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">68</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">迦維羅衛城<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">69</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">藍莫國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">74</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">拘夷那竭城<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">76</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">諸梨車欲逐佛般泥洹處<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">79</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">毗舍離國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">79</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">五河合口<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">85</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">摩竭提國巴連弗邑<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">87</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">小孤石山　那羅聚落<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">94</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">王舍新城　䓑沙王舊城<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">95</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">伽耶城　貝多樹下<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">103</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">雞足山<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">112</span></span></p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-B00003','1296468',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p style="text-indent:56px;">曠野<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">113</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">迦尸國波羅㮏城<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">114</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">拘睒彌國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">116</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">達嚫國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">116</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">還巴連弗邑寫律<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">119</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">瞻波大國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">123</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">多摩梨帝國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">124</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">四　師子國記遊<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">125</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">師子國概述<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">125</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">大塔<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">127</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">無畏山僧伽藍<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">128</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">貝多樹<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">129</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">王城及佛齒供養<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">130</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">跋提精舍<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">134</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">摩訶毗訶羅精舍<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">135</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">天竺道人誦經<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">137</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">更得經本<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">140</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">五　浮海東還<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">142</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">自師子國到耶婆提國<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">142</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">自耶婆提歸長廣郡界<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">145</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">南下向都<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">147</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">結語<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">150</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">跋<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">153</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">附録<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">155</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（一）法顯法師傳<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">157</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（二）智嚴法師傳<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">162</span></span></p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-B00004','1296468',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i><p style="text-indent:56px;">（三）寶雲法師傳<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">164</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（四）法顯得本出經録<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">166</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（五）六卷泥洹出經後記<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">168</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（六）摩訶僧祇律私記<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">169</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（七）婆麤富羅律記<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">171</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（八）彌沙塞律記<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">172</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（九）參考書目<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">174</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">補注<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">180</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">地圖</p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（一）法顯歷遊天竺行程全圖</p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（二）法顯歷遊天竺行程圖（自于闐—摩頭羅國段）</p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（三）法顯歷遊天竺行程圖（自摩頭羅國—多摩梨帝國段）</p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（四）王舍城附近及五山圖</p><p style="text-indent:56px;">（五）師子國圖</p></div></div></div>
</>
（二）法顯傳和水經注
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124775" key="1124775"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （二）法顯傳和水經注 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124776" key="1124776"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00025','587618',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P25</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000012">（二）<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>和<span class="shuming">水經注</span></p><p> <span><span class="shuming">水經注</span>的成書，離<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的成書相差不過一百年左右。那時南北分崩，文籍的流通不免要受到影響，但在<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>中，却已充分吸收了<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中的好多記述。史稱<span class="zhuanming">酈道元</span>好學，歷覽奇書，於此可證。</span> </p><p> <span>今檢<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>，其中引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的有二十多處，北起今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>境，南及<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>和<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>兩流域，地區所包括者甚大。而且在<span class="shuming">泗水注</span>中，還記録了<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>歸國後在<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>的行蹤。所以校注<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>時，<span class="shuming">水經注</span>的有關部分是很重要的參考資料。反之，對於<span class="shuming">水經注</span>的校勘工作，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>也十分重要。過去四百餘年中，自明代<span class="zhuanming">黄省曾</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">朱謀㙔</span>以下，校刊<span class="shuming">水經注</span>者甚衆，惜多未充分注意及此，中如<span class="zhuanming">朱謀㙔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊守敬</span>等雖亦引及<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>，所取不過<span class="zhuanming">明</span>代以後的叢書本，依然訛錯相仍，少所訂正。</span> </p><p> <span>因此我在校注<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的過程中，就特别注意到對<span class="shuming">水經注</span>的利用。不過由於<span class="shuming">水經注</span>本身亦多魯魚亥豕之處，應取諸本相互參考。我所曾參閲者爲較具代表性的下列各本：</span> </p><p> <span>1.<span class="shuming">永樂大典</span>本<span class="shuming">水經注</span>（<span class="zhuanming">商務印書館</span>影印本）</span> </p><p> <span>2.<span class="zhuanming">黄省曾</span>刻<span class="shuming">水經注</span>（<span class="zhuanming">嘉靖</span>甲午本）</span> </p><p> <span>3.<span class="zhuanming">吴琯</span>刻<span class="shuming">水經注</span>（<span class="zhuanming">萬曆</span>乙酉本）</span> </p><p> <span>4.<span class="zhuanming">朱謀㙔</span><span class="shuming">水經注箋</span>（<span class="zhuanming">萬曆</span>乙卯本）</span> </p><p> <span>5.<span class="zhuanming">沈炳巽</span><span class="shuming">水經注集釋訂譌</span>（<span class="zhuanming">商務印書館</span>影印<span class="shuming">四庫全書</span>本）</span> </p><p> <span>6.<span class="zhuanming">全祖望</span><span class="shuming">全氏七校水經注</span>（<span class="zhuanming">寧波崇實書院</span>本）</span> </p><p> <span>7.<span class="zhuanming">趙一清</span><span class="shuming">水經注釋</span>（自刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>8.<span class="zhuanming">趙一清</span><span class="shuming">水經注箋刊誤</span>（自刻本）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00026','587618',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P26</span></i><p> <span>9.<span class="zhuanming">戴震</span><span class="shuming">水經注</span>（自刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>10.<span class="zhuanming">戴震</span>校上<span class="shuming">武英殿聚珍版</span>本<span class="shuming">水經注</span>（<span class="shuming">四部叢刊</span>影印本）</span> </p><p> <span>11.<span class="zhuanming">楊守敬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">熊會貞</span><span class="shuming">水經注疏</span>（<span class="zhuanming">中國科學院</span>影印本）</span> </p><p> <span>關於<span class="shuming">水經注</span>，二百年來，有一個<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>之爭的問題，也就是<span class="zhuanming">趙一清</span>刻本曾否抄襲<span class="zhuanming">戴震</span>或<span class="zhuanming">戴震</span>校本曾否抄襲<span class="zhuanming">趙一清</span>稿本的問題。<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>氏在<span class="shuming">聚珍本戴校水經注跋</span>（<span class="shuming">觀堂集林</span>卷十二）一文中，雖評述了<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>曾努力於<span class="shuming">水經注</span>，認爲他所舉釐定經注條例三則，較之<span class="zhuanming">全</span>（<span class="zhuanming">祖望</span>）﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>二家説尤爲親切；但同時對於<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>之曾見<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>二家書，盡採其説而圖泯其跡，掠人之功而無所顧忌，則也縱論其事，以爲學者戒。直到1979年第二輯<span class="shuming">中華文史論叢</span>發表了<span class="zhuanming">胡適</span>遺稿<span class="shuming">水經注校本的研究</span>，還在討論這個問題，却又爲<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>從事辯解。在因校訂<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>而校勘到<span class="shuming">水經注</span>的有關文句時，也經常遇到有關這個問題的具體資料，都是不利於<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>而大足爲<span class="zhuanming">王</span>氏的<span class="shuming">跋</span>文增加説服力。希望這一部分校記，不特有助於<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的校勘工作，也能有助於<span class="shuming">水經注</span>相關部分的校勘工作。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（八）　彌沙塞律記
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124781" key="1124781"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （八）　彌沙塞律記 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124782" key="1124782"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00172','1385162',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P172</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000149">（八）　彌沙塞律記</p><p> <span>彌沙塞者，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>諸弟子受持十二部經，不作地相水火風相虚空識相，是故名爲彌沙塞部，此名爲<span class="shuming">五分律</span>，比丘<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>所得者也。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>記云：<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>本求戒律，而<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>諸國皆師師口傳，無本可寫，是以遠涉，乃至<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">摩訶乘僧伽藍</span>得一部律，是<span class="zhuanming">摩訶僧祇</span>。復得一部抄律，可七千偈，是<span class="shuming">薩婆多衆律</span>，即此<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>地衆僧所行者也。又得<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>，可六千偈。又得一部<span class="shuming">綖經</span>，二千五百偈。又得一部<span class="shuming">方等泥洹經</span>，可五千偈。又得<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇阿毗曇</span>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>住三年，學梵書梵語，悉寫之，於是還。又至<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>，二年，更求得<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>梵本。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>二年還都。歲在壽星，衆經多譯，唯<span class="shuming">彌沙塞</span>一部未及譯出而亡。到<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">景平</span>元年七月，有<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>律師<span class="zhuanming">佛大什</span>，來至<span class="zhuanming">京都</span>，其年冬十一月，<span class="zhuanming">瑯瑘</span><span class="zhuanming">王練</span>﹑比丘<span class="zhuanming">釋慧嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2589" id="2587">〔1〕</a>於<span class="zhuanming">龍光寺</span>請外國沙門<span class="zhuanming">佛大什</span>出之。時<span class="zhuanming">佛大什</span>手執梵文，<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">智勝</span>爲譯，至明年十二月都訖。<a class="zhuhao" href="#2590" id="2588">〔2〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷三）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00173','1385162',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P173</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2587" id="2589">〔1〕</a><span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五<span class="shuming">道生法師傳</span>云：“初，沙門<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>得<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>梵本，未及譯出而亡。<span class="zhuanming">生</span>以<span class="zhuanming">宋景平</span>元年十一月於<span class="zhuanming">龍光寺</span>請<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>律師<span class="zhuanming">佛大什</span>執梵文，<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">智勝</span>爲譯。此律照明，蓋<span class="zhuanming">生</span>之功也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2588" id="2590">〔2〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛陀什</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">佛大什</span>）等譯<span class="shuming">彌沙</span><span class="shuming">塞部和醯五分律</span>附有後記如下：“<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>律師<span class="zhuanming">佛陀什</span>，彌沙塞部僧也。以大<span class="zhuanming">宋景平</span>元年秋七月達于<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>，冬十一月，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>侍中<span class="zhuanming">瑯琊王練</span>﹑比丘<span class="zhuanming">釋慧嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>請令出焉。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀什</span>謹執梵文，<span class="zhuanming">于填</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">智勝</span>爲譯，至明年十二月都訖。考正理歸，文存簡備，雖不窮源，庶無大過，願以塵露，崇廣山海，貽于萬代同舟云爾。”</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（6）日本古鈔本三種
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124788" key="1124788"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本 &gt; （6）日本古鈔本三種 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124789" key="1124789"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00023','587617',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P23</span></i><p class="font18" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000011"><b>（6）日本古鈔本三種</b></p><p> <span>第一種<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的古鈔本，就是<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>曾參用過的<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">滋賀縣</span><span class="zhuanming">石山寺</span>經藏中著名的古寫本，因稱<span class="shuming">石山寺本</span>，簡稱<span class="shuming">石本</span>。<span class="zhuanming">足立</span>氏當時未能定<span class="shuming">石本</span>之確年，但謂<span class="shuming">石本</span>爲相當古代之寫本，又謂<span class="shuming">石本</span>多與<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版之<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>相同，“乃傳寫<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版或同時代而來歷不同之其他<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>版者”。<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">天理圖書館</span>於1980年已將<span class="shuming">石本</span>影印出來，我有幸得見其真面目。此本前有“石山寺一切經”的印記，卷末有“<span class="zhuanming">長寬</span>二年十一月十四日於<span class="zhuanming">勸修寺</span><span class="zhuanming">東院</span>書寫了，奉爲先師聖靈，殊致丹心染紫毫。<span class="zhuanming">信寶</span>”的後記，則其書寫年明明爲<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">長寬</span>二年，即公元1164年，不知<span class="zhuanming">足立</span>氏當初何以未見<span class="shuming">石本</span>後記。<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>所缺（或所脱）之有關<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>的三處，<span class="shuming">石本</span>亦無。<span class="shuming">石本</span>和<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>是很相近的。特别如<span class="zhuanming">張掖王</span>的姓名，各本都錯得無可還原了，而<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“改業”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“臤業”，雖也有錯，却還留下綫索，得使後人能將其改正爲“<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>”。又如<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>“有<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>”一句，也是各本都錯得很遠，<span class="shuming">水經注</span>的引文，<span class="zhuanming">朱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>這樣許多名家的校本也無不都錯，祇幸賴<span class="shuming">石本</span>和<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>，以及下面要説到的<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>，才將這五個字的一句正確地保存下來。<span class="shuming">石本</span>由於是手寫本，雖較刻本難認，且較多錯别字，但細細探尋，佳處實多。</span> </p><p> <span>第二種<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的古鈔本，是<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">鎌倉</span>初期（公元十二世紀<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00024','587617',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P24</span></i>末至十三世紀初）的古寫本，因稱<span class="shuming">鎌倉初期本</span>，簡稱<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>。此本爲<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>氏昔年所未曾見者，1980年始和<span class="shuming">石本</span>同時影印問世。可惜<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>已多殘缺，自卷首至〔度葱嶺〕節有毒龍吐毒風之“吐”字止，全部殘缺；又中間自〔摩頭羅國〕節至〔王舍新城﹑䓑沙王舊城〕節<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>之間，損毁亦多。<span class="zhuanming">日</span><span class="zhuanming">比野丈夫</span>氏在影印本後所附之<span class="shuming">解説</span>中，認爲<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>殆與<span class="shuming">石本</span>屬於同系統，但我覺得有若干可從<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>增補的字頗爲重要，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>寫鈔的時間雖可能遲於<span class="shuming">石本</span>，但其所據底本或再上的祖本可能有很早的淵源。<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>以及<span class="shuming">石本</span>所缺（或所脱）的三處，其前二處<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>均殘缺，不知本來有否，其第三處即有關<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>〔王城及佛齒供養〕節的“其庫看比丘滿四十臈然後得入”十三字，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>是有的，但作“僧庫藏中看又比丘滿卌臈然後得入”十五字。又<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>卷末的跋語，“夏安居末”一句後，我看見過的各本（除<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>外）均作“迎<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>道人”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>獨作“<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>迎<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>道人”（參看前面圖版（七）第九行），使我們知道迎<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>入<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>，和<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>合作譯經，乃出於<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>。<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>的“慧遠”兩字，實在爲我國佛教史的研究提供了最重要的史料。（按：僧史稱<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>居<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>三十餘年，“影不出山，跡不入俗”，此所云迎者，非親迎，特爲之安排，促成其事耳。）</span> </p><p> <span>第三種<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的古鈔本，是<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">京都市</span><span class="zhuanming">南禪寺</span>經藏的古寫本，因稱<span class="shuming">南禪寺本</span>，簡稱<span class="shuming">禪本</span>。卷末有“<span class="zhuanming">應永</span>七年庚辰五月念六日”書寫的題記，<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">應永</span>七年即公元1400年。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>曾參用<span class="shuming">禪本</span>校字，他認爲<span class="shuming">禪本</span>的文字大致近似<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>版的<span class="shuming">資本</span>，所異者僅字畫而已。這次我將<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>中所引用的<span class="shuming">資本</span>和<span class="shuming">禪本</span>的文字加以對比，果然基本相同，祇不過有一些字畫相差異耳。以重要性而論，<span class="shuming">禪本</span>是遠不及<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>了。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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補注
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124797" key="1124797"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 補注 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124798" key="1124798"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00180','1385163',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P180</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000152"><b>補注</b></p><p> <span>1.原書正文第3頁，“西行之始”節注〔6〕</span> </p><p> <span>身毒﹑天竺﹑天篤，均爲古代中國指稱印度之名。通常認爲“身毒”源於梵語Sindhu，二者讀音接近，故可比定。其實不然，蓋因Sindhu之本義爲“河流”，後則專指今之印度河。公元前六世紀，操伊朗語的波斯人從西北方進入印度，首遇此河，故以河流之名命名這一地區。由於梵語和伊朗語的發音中存在s-h交替的現象，而古代伊朗語中則沒有dh之類的送氣濁輔音，故Sindhu一詞在伊朗語中遂讀成Hindu。</span> </p><p> <span>漢文名“身毒”見於《史記》的《大宛列傳》及《西南夷列傳》，其語音並非直接源自Sindhu，而是以伊朗語爲中介的。它是公元前二世紀，張騫在大夏（Bactria）時聽說的印度名稱，故其來源當是伊朗語的Hinduka。“身”字，在古漢語中乃顎音送氣音，而非齒音送氣音，在漢代的發音近似於*hen或*hīn。至於“天竺”的讀音，在漢代則與“身毒”很接近：按劉熙《釋名》，存在“天＞顯（hen）”的現象，所以，漢代“天”的讀音有hen和t’an兩讀，“天竺”中的“天”當讀爲hen；古代舌頭﹑舌上音不分，“竺”今讀爲舌上音，但漢代當讀爲舌頭音，可以構擬爲tūk。因此之故，漢代的“天竺”應讀爲*hentūk，與伊朗語hinduka相對應，則其直接來源便可能是hinduka，與“身毒”相同。此說參見<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00181','1385163',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P181</span></i>師覺月（P.C.Bagchi），Ancient Chinese Names of India，Monumenta Serica（《夏裔學志》），Vol.XIII，1948，pp.366-375；錢文忠《印度的古代漢語譯名及其來源》，載《天竺與佛陀》，上海書店出版社，2007年，第49—61頁。</span> </p><p> <span>2.原書正文第19頁，“竭叉國”節注〔3〕</span> </p><p> <span>般遮越師，章先生原注謂“梵文pañcapariṣad之音譯”，似當改爲“梵文pañcavārṣi（ka）之音譯”。關於Pañcavārṣika即“五年大會”之說，可參閱寧梵夫（Max Deeg），Origins and Develop-ment of the Buddhist Pañcavārṣika—Part Ⅰ：India and Central Asia，Nagoya Studies in Indian Culture and Buddhism：Saṃbhāṣā，16，1995，pp.67-90；Part Ⅱ：China，Nagoya Studies in Indian Culture and Buddhism：Saṃbhāṣā，18，1997，pp.63-96.</span> </p><p> <span>3.原書正文第31頁，“犍陀衛國”節注〔2〕</span> </p><p> <span>犍陀衛，章先生原注謂“梵文Gandhavat之音譯”。然而，似應改作“梵文Gandhāvatī之音譯”。</span> </p><p> <span>4.原書正文第32頁，“竺刹尸羅國”節注〔2〕</span> </p><p> <span>章先生原注認爲，《法顯傳》“竺刹尸羅（Takṣaśilā），漢言截頭也。佛爲菩薩時，於此處以頭施人，故因以爲名”之說，是出於誤解。但是，此說實際上卻有所根據。竺刹尸羅（呾叉始羅）歷史甚古，但其得名之由，則至今尚未完全解決。可參閱巴基斯坦學者艾哈默德·哈桑·達尼（Ahmad Hasan Dani）著，劉麗敏譯，陸水林校《歷史之城塔克西拉》（The Historic City of Taxila），北京：中國人民大學出版社，2005年，第2—6頁。</span> </p><p> <span>5.原書正文第34頁，“弗樓沙國”節注〔5〕</span> </p><p> <span>關於貴霜王朝的年代及世系，近年來有新的發現和研究，可參閱N.Sims-Williams and J.Cribb，A New Bactrian Inscription of <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00182','1385163',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P182</span></i>Kanishka the Great，Silk Road Art and Archaeology，Journa1 of the Institute of Silk Road Studies，Kamakura，4，1996，pp.75-142；N.Sims-Williams，Further notes on the Bactrian Inscription of Rabatak，with an Appendix on the Names of Kujula Kadphisis and Vima Taktu in Chinese，in N.Sims-Williams（ed.）Proceedings of the Third Eu-ropean Conference of Iranian Studies，Ⅰ：Old and Middle Iranian Studies，pp.79-92（Wiesbaden，1998）</span> </p><p> <span>6.原書正文第36頁，“弗樓沙國”節注〔15〕</span> </p><p> <span>迦膩色迦所建之佛塔，即後世記載的“雀犁（雀離）浮圖”，今白沙瓦Shāh-Jī-KīDherī遺址。參閱寧梵夫，Legend and Cult—Contributions to the History of Indian Buddhist Stūpas，Part Ⅰ：The Stūpa of Kaniṣka，Buddhist Studies Review，Vol.21，1，2004，pp.1-24.</span> </p><p> <span>7.原書正文第37頁，“弗樓沙國”節注〔17〕</span> </p><p> <span>關於佛鉢的傳說，可參閱桑山正進（Shōshin Kuwayama），The Buddha’s Bowl in Gandhāra and Relevant Problems，in M.Tad-dei（ed.），South AsianArchaeology，1987：Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeol-ogists in Western Europe，Part2，Rome，1990，pp.945-978.</span> </p><p> <span>8.原書正文第37頁，“弗樓沙國”節注〔18〕</span> </p><p> <span>章先生原注及巴基斯坦學者達尼都認爲，此處的“月氏王”可指貴霜王丘就卻（Kujula Kadphises）。但按目前流行的看法，則將該“月氏王”比定爲迦膩色迦，如榎一雄曾有詳細考證（Ka-zuo Enoki，On the Date of the Kidarites，in Studia Asiatica：The Col-lected Papers in Western Languages of the Late Dr.Kuzuo Enoki，Tokyo，1998，pp54-106）。不過，法顯在罽膩迦王起大塔傳說<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00183','1385163',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P183</span></i>中，已經提及迦膩色迦之名（“罽膩迦”即“迦膩色迦”之異譯名），後文又稱“月氏王”而不提其名，可見所述並非同一人。最近，有學者認爲，法顯記載的“月氏王”即是指寄多羅。此說當可作進一步的研究。</span> </p><p> <span>9.原書正文第82頁，“毗舍離國”節注〔10〕</span> </p><p> <span>關於“放弓仗塔”，可以參閱寧梵夫，Legend and Cult—Cin-tributions to History of Indian Buddhist Stūpas，Part2：the Stūpa of Laying Down the Bows，Buddhist Studies Review，Vol.21，2，2004，pp.119-149.</span> </p><p> <span>10.原書正文第132頁，“王城及佛齒供養”節注〔10〕</span> </p><p> <span>章先生原注認爲，“薩薄”即Saba地區之居民（Sabaean）的對音。但近年流行的說法，則以“薩薄”爲梵語Sārthavāha之音譯，意爲商人﹑商主。《法顯傳》之前，此名已見於漢文佛經，如後漢康孟詳譯的《興起行經》卷上﹑吳康僧會譯的《舊雜譬喻經》卷上﹑西秦聖堅譯的《羅摩伽經》卷中﹑道略集《雜譬喻經》，以及後秦弗若多羅譯的《十誦律》卷二五﹑二六﹑四一等。有關說法，可參閱Albert E.Dien，The Sa-Pao Problem Re-Examined，Jour-nal of the American Oriental Society，82，1962，pp.335-346；榮新江《薩保與薩薄：北朝隋唐胡人聚落首領問題的爭論與辨析》，載葉奕良編《伊朗學在中國論文集》（第三集），北京大學出版社，2003年，第128—143頁。</span> </p><p> <span>然而，龔方震先生對《法顯傳》這段原文的句逗及語源仍有不同見解。首先，他認爲原文當讀作“其城中多居士﹑長者薩薄﹑商人”，而非“其城中多居士﹑長者﹑薩薄商人”；其次，這裏的“薩薄”當是敘利亞語“Saba（長者）”的音譯；再次，師子國出現敘利亞語名稱的原因是“因商人來住故，諸國人聞其土樂，悉亦<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00184','1385163',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P184</span></i>復來”；最後，故《法顯傳》的“薩薄”與佛經及高昌文書等處的“薩薄”，乃是同名而異義。參閱龔方震﹑晏可佳《祆教史》，上海社會科學院出版社，1998年，第278—281頁。</span> </p><p> <span>11.有關法顯前赴天竺的地理路線考證和研究，除了最有影響的長澤和俊“法顯の入竺求法行”（《シルク·ロ-ド史研究》，東京：國書刊行會，1979年，第415—439頁）與章先生本書兩家外，最近，余太山先生在他們的基礎上，就若干爭議較多的問題提出了新的見解，並結合智猛和曇無竭的入竺路線，作了比較研究，使法顯的入竺行程更趨清晰。可參閱余太山《關於法顯的入竺求法路線—兼說智猛和曇無竭的入竺行》，載《歐亞學刊》第六輯，中華書局，2007年6月，第138—153頁。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（5）金本
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124807" key="1124807"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 校注説明 &gt; （一）法顯傳的最早印本和古鈔本 &gt; （5）金本 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124808" key="1124808"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00021','587616',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P21</span></i><p class="font18" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000010"><b>（5）<span class="shuming">金本</span></b></p><p> <span>藏於<span class="zhuanming">北京圖書館</span>的<span class="zhuanming">金</span>刊本<span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>，其刊刻年代（約由公元1148至1173年）相當於<span class="zhuanming">南宋</span>初期，爲世界孤本，極其珍貴。其中的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>現却收藏於<span class="zhuanming">臺灣省</span><span class="zhuanming">歷史語言研究所</span>。該所的<span class="shuming">集刊</span>（1974年第四十五本第三分）載有<span class="zhuanming">饒宗頤</span>氏<span class="shuming">金趙城藏本法顯傳題記</span>一文，記中引用了<span class="shuming">金本</span><span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>文的一小部分文句；記後又附刊有兩張附圖，影印了<span class="shuming">金藏法顯傳</span>卷首的四十五行，内容至<span class="zhuanming">于闐國</span>一節中的“<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等欲觀行像”句爲止。從這一部分文句看起來，其最主要的特點，就是它和<span class="shuming">高麗藏</span>本（<span class="shuming">高麗新版藏經</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">高麗</span><span class="zhuanming">高宗</span>丙午歲即公元1246年雕造—以下簡稱<span class="shuming">麗本</span>）之相近。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>曾取<span class="shuming">麗本</span>校字，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>五十一卷所收<span class="shuming">高僧法顯傳</span>即以<span class="shuming">麗本</span>爲底本，今以所見到的<span class="shuming">金本</span>文字和<span class="shuming">麗本</span>對比，兩本之間有許多獨特的相同之處，迥異於<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的其他古刻﹑古鈔本。舉例如下：</span> </p><p> <span>〔耨檀國〕前行至耨檀國：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“前至褥檀國”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔張掖鎮〕張掖王段業：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆誤作“張掖王慇懃”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔鄯善國〕鄯善國：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“鄯鄯國”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔焉夷國〕不預其僧例：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本下皆多“也”字。</span> </p><p> <span>苻行堂公孫：“堂”字<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“當”。</span> </p><p> <span>不修禮義：“義”字<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“儀”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔于闐國〕安堵法顯等於僧伽藍：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“安頓供給法顯等於僧伽藍”。</span> </p><p> <span>十四大僧伽藍：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“有四大僧伽藍”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔竭叉國〕有佛唾壺以石作：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本下皆多“之”字。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00022','587616',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P22</span></i><p> <span>沙門法用轉轉勝：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆少一“轉”字。</span> </p><p> <span>〔那竭國〕影西百步許：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“影西四百步許”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔僧伽施國〕火境火境：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“大墳大墳”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔拘薩羅國〕池流清淨：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“精舍左右池流清淨”。</span> </p><p> <span>齧其腰帶斷：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“嚙其腰帶帶斷”。</span> </p><p> <span>地即劈裂：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“地即裂”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔達嚫國〕穿大石山作之：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“䆤大石山作之”。</span> </p><p> <span>諸層室中：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“諸僧室中”。</span> </p><p> <span>其室四角頭：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“其室四角”。</span> </p><p> <span>〔長廣郡登陸後〕法顯遠離諸師久：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本無“遠”字。</span> </p><p> <span>出經律：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本作“出經律藏”。</span> </p><p> <span>停六年還三年：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本作“停經六年還經三年”。</span> </p><p> <span>晉義熙十二年：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本下皆多“矣”字。</span> </p><p> <span>故投命於不必全之地：<span class="shuming">金</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗</span>兩本皆作“故投命於必死之地”。</span> </p><p> <span>這祇是一部分的例子，但由此已可見，若非<span class="shuming">金本</span>和<span class="shuming">麗本</span>出自相同或相近之祖本，即<span class="shuming">麗本</span>曾以<span class="shuming">金本</span>爲祖本或祖本之一種，這可説是<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>刻本在北方的一個流傳系統。</span> </p><p> <span>綜上所述，似可將<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>刻本自<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>後期以後的流傳情况，表示如下：</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00023','587616',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P23</span></i><p><img src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/1401520048ta.jpg" style="					max-height:px;				"/><span class="font12 imgDes"></span></p></div></div></div>
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罽饒夷城
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124811" key="1124811"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 罽饒夷城 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124812" key="1124812"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00058','1385120',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P58</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000061">罽饒夷城</p><p> <span>坐訖，東南行七由延，到<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#875" id="865">〔1〕</a>。城接<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#876" id="866">〔2〕</a>，有二僧伽藍，盡小乘學。</span> </p><p> <span>去城西六七里<a class="zhuhao" href="#877" id="867">〔3〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#878" id="868">〔4〕</a>北岸，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲諸弟子<a class="zhuhao" href="#879" id="869">〔5〕</a>説法處。傳云：説無常﹑苦<a class="zhuhao" href="#880" id="870">〔6〕</a>，説身如泡沫等。此處起塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#881" id="871">〔7〕</a>猶在。</span> </p><p> <span>度<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#882" id="872">〔8〕</a>，南行三由延，到一村<a class="zhuhao" href="#883" id="873">〔9〕</a>，名<span class="zhuanming">呵梨</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#884" id="874">〔10〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>於此中説法﹑經行﹑坐處，盡起塔。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#865" id="875">〔1〕</a>罽饒夷城：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>作“󵶊饒夷城”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>作“󵶊鐃夷城”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𦋺鏡夷城”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“罽饒夷城”，今據改。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷城</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“𦋺賔繞夷城”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“罽賓繞夷城”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“罽賔饒夷城”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“罽賓饒夷城”；<span class="shuming">楊本</span>删“賓”字作“罽饒夷城”，是也。<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷城</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00059','1385120',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P59</span></i>卷五之<span class="zhuanming">羯若鞠闍國</span><span class="zhuanming">曲女城</span>（Kanyākubja），今爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>西部之<span class="zhuanming">卡瑙季城</span>（Kanauj）。梵文Kanyā之義爲“女子”，kubja之義爲“曲背”，故<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">曲女城</span>（其得名之由來，出於神話，詳見<span class="shuming">西域記</span>）。據<span class="zhuanming">莫尼爾·威廉斯爵士</span>（Sir M.Monier-Williams）<span class="shuming">梵英辭典</span>（ASanskrit-English Dictionary，249頁）對“Kanyākubja”一字注解云：民間對此城名稱之拼音極爲繁多，有Ka-nauj，Kunnoj，Kunnouj，Kinoge，Kinnoge，Kinnauj，Kanoj，Kannauj，Kunowj，Canowj，Canoje，Canauj等等，故<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>又作<span class="shuming">罽饒夷</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#866" id="876">〔2〕</a>恒水：<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>（梵文Gaṅgā），今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>（Ganges）。此“城接恒水”一句，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“南接恒水”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“城南接恒水”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#867" id="877">〔3〕</a>去城西六七里：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本皆作“城之西北六七里”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#868" id="878">〔4〕</a>恒水：按：此<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>可能指當時在<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷城</span>西面的一條<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>的支流。<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（70—71頁注2）引<span class="zhuanming">克寧漢</span>云，今<span class="zhuanming">卡瑙季城</span>西北有一名爲<span class="zhuanming">那拉</span>（Na-la）的乾河，<span class="zhuanming">皮氏</span>認爲此乾河在<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>時可能爲恒水之一支流，遂亦得<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>之稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#869" id="879">〔5〕</a>諸弟子：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>少“弟”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#870" id="880">〔6〕</a>苦：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“苦空”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#871" id="881">〔7〕</a>塔：<span class="shuming">大唐</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">羯若鞠闍國</span>下云：“（都）城西北窣堵波，<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>之所建也。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>在昔，於此七日説諸妙法。”<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（70—71頁注〔2〕）以爲<span class="shuming">西域記</span>所説之窣堵波，即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>此處所見之塔。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#872" id="882">〔8〕</a>度恒水：按：此處之“度恒水”，蓋指<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>由<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷城</span>出發東度<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#873" id="883">〔9〕</a>村：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“林”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#874" id="884">〔10〕</a>呵梨：<span class="zhuanming">呵梨</span>蓋即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">羯若鞠闍國</span>大城東南行百餘里所至據<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>東岸之<span class="zhuanming">納縛提婆矩羅城</span>。<span class="shuming">瓦氏書</span>卷一（352—353頁）云：<span class="zhuanming">納縛提婆矩羅</span>之梵文對音爲“Navadevakula”，義爲“新天寺”，所奉者或即<span class="zhuanming">毘瑟笯天</span>（Viṣṇu），而<span class="zhuanming">毘瑟笯</span>名Hari，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之<span class="zhuanming">呵梨</span>，或即Hari之對音。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（五）　六卷泥洹出經後記
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124818" key="1124818"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （五）　六卷泥洹出經後記 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124819" key="1124819"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00168','1385160',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P168</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000144">（五）　六卷泥洹出經後記</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王塔</span><span class="zhuanming">天王精舍</span>優婆塞<span class="zhuanming">伽羅先</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>土道人<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>遠遊此土，爲求法故，深感其人。即爲寫此<span class="shuming">大般泥洹經</span>，如來祕藏。願令此經流布<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>土，一切衆生悉成平等如來法身。<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十三年十月一日，於<span class="zhuanming">謝司空石</span>所立<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>，出此<span class="shuming">方等大般泥洹經</span>，至十四年正月一日<a class="zhuhao" href="#2582" id="2581">〔1〕</a>校定盡訖。禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛大跋陀</span>手執梵本，<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>傳譯。于時座有二百五十人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷八）</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2581" id="2582">〔1〕</a>一日：<span class="shuming">頻伽本</span>作“二日”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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弗樓沙國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124824" key="1124824"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 弗樓沙國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124825" key="1124825"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00033','1385114',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P33</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000048">弗樓沙國</p><p> <span>從<span class="zhuanming">犍陀衛國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#463" id="421">〔1〕</a>南行四日，到<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#464" id="422">〔2〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>昔將諸弟子遊行此國，語<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#465" id="423">〔3〕</a>云：“吾般泥洹<a class="zhuhao" href="#466" id="424">〔4〕</a>後，當有國王名<span class="zhuanming">罽膩伽</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#467" id="425">〔5〕</a>於此處起塔。”後<span class="zhuanming">膩伽王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#468" id="426">〔6〕</a>出世<a class="zhuhao" href="#469" id="427">〔7〕</a>，出行遊觀，時<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>欲開發其意，化作牧牛小兒<a class="zhuhao" href="#470" id="428">〔8〕</a>，當道起塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#471" id="429">〔9〕</a>。王問言：“汝作何等？”答曰：“作佛塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#472" id="430">〔10〕</a>。”王言：“大善。”於是王即於小兒塔上起塔，高四十餘丈，衆寶校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#473" id="431">〔11〕</a>。凡所經見<a class="zhuhao" href="#474" id="432">〔12〕</a>塔廟，壯麗<a class="zhuhao" href="#475" id="433">〔13〕</a>威嚴都無此比。傳云<a class="zhuhao" href="#476" id="434">〔14〕</a>：“<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>塔，唯此爲上。”<a class="zhuhao" href="#477" id="435">〔15〕</a>王作塔成已，小塔即自傍<a class="zhuhao" href="#478" id="436">〔16〕</a>出大塔南，高三尺許。</span> </p><p> <span>佛鉢<a class="zhuhao" href="#479" id="437">〔17〕</a>即在此國。昔<span class="zhuanming">月氏王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#480" id="438">〔18〕</a>大興兵衆，來伐此國，欲取佛鉢。既伏<a class="zhuhao" href="#481" id="439">〔19〕</a>此國已，<span class="zhuanming">月氏王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#482" id="440">〔20〕</a>篤信佛法，欲持鉢去，故興<a class="zhuhao" href="#483" id="441">〔21〕</a>供養。供養三寶畢<a class="zhuhao" href="#484" id="442">〔22〕</a>，乃校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#485" id="443">〔23〕</a>大象<a class="zhuhao" href="#486" id="444">〔24〕</a>，置鉢其上，象便伏地不能得前。更作四輪車載鉢，八象<a class="zhuhao" href="#487" id="445">〔25〕</a>共牽，復不能進。王知與鉢緣<a class="zhuhao" href="#488" id="446">〔26〕</a>未至，深自愧歎。即於此處起塔及僧伽藍，並留鎮守，種種<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00034','1385114',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P34</span></i>供養。可有七百餘僧，日將中<a class="zhuhao" href="#489" id="447">〔27〕</a>，衆僧則出鉢，與白衣<a class="zhuhao" href="#490" id="448">〔28〕</a>等種種供養，然後中食。至暮燒香時復爾。可容二斗許<a class="zhuhao" href="#491" id="449">〔29〕</a>，雜色而黑多，四際<a class="zhuhao" href="#492" id="450">〔30〕</a>分明，厚可二分，甚光澤<a class="zhuhao" href="#493" id="451">〔31〕</a>。貧人<a class="zhuhao" href="#494" id="452">〔32〕</a>以少華投中便滿；有大富者，欲以多華而供養<a class="zhuhao" href="#495" id="453">〔33〕</a>，正復<a class="zhuhao" href="#496" id="454">〔34〕</a>百千萬斛，終不能滿<a class="zhuhao" href="#497" id="455">〔35〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#498" id="456">〔36〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧景</span>只<a class="zhuhao" href="#499" id="457">〔37〕</a>供養佛鉢便還。<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#500" id="458">〔38〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>先向<span class="zhuanming">那揭國</span>，供養佛影﹑佛齒及頂骨。<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#501" id="459">〔39〕</a>病，<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>住看。<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#502" id="460">〔40〕</a>一人還，於<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙國</span>相見，而<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧景</span>遂還<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>土。<span class="zhuanming">慧應</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#503" id="461">〔41〕</a>在<span class="zhuanming">佛鉢寺</span>無常<a class="zhuhao" href="#504" id="462">〔42〕</a>。由是，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>獨進，向佛頂骨所。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#421" id="463">〔1〕</a>犍陀衛國：“犍”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“揵”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#422" id="464">〔2〕</a>弗樓沙國：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“弗樹沙國”。“弗”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙國</span>之記載，“弗”，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“佛”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>改作“弗”。<span class="shuming">全本</span>注云：“弗，舊本誤作佛。”<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>云：“<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>作<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙國</span>，今改正。”<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>皆從<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>作“弗”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云：“案弗近刻訛作佛。”是<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏並未詳檢<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，不知<span class="shuming">大典本</span>固亦作“佛”也。此<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙國</span>之都城即<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span><span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅國</span>之<span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅城</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span><span class="zhuanming">健馱邏國</span>之<span class="zhuanming">布路沙布邏</span>（Purushapura）城。此城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>之<span class="zhuanming">白沙瓦</span>（Peshāwar）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#423" id="465">〔3〕</a>阿難：梵文Ãnanda音譯<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之從弟，又爲他的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#424" id="466">〔4〕</a>般泥洹：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“般涅洹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#425" id="467">〔5〕</a>罽膩伽：“罽”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“󵶊”；<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“𦋺”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“罽”，今據改。“膩”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“膱”。<span class="shuming">音義</span>音注此名作“󵶊膩色迦王”。此王即<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦王</span>。（Kaniṣka），<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00035','1385114',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P35</span></i>是<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王國</span>著名的國王，爲佛教之熱烈信奉者，佛教的<span class="zhuanming">迦溼彌羅</span>結集，相傳即由他發起召集。當公元前第三世紀中葉，因<span class="zhuanming">亞歷山大大帝</span>東征而遺留在<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>南部的<span class="zhuanming">希臘</span>人，曾於<span class="zhuanming">嬀水</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>）中﹑上游南﹑北兩岸之地，建立了一個<span class="zhuanming">巴克特里亞王國</span>（Bactria）。公元前第二世紀中葉左右，<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>附近一帶發生許多次部族轉移的事情：（1）約公元前172—161或160年，本居<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">祁連</span>間的<span class="zhuanming">月氏族</span>，因被<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>擊破，西徙至今<span class="zhuanming">伊犂河</span>流域一帶；原住今<span class="zhuanming">伊犂河</span>一帶的<span class="zhuanming">塞種</span>（Saka）人，則因受此族類轉移的壓力而南遷到<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">克什米爾</span>一帶）等地。（2）約公元前171—139年，有大約來自東方的<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>（Tochari）等族，不斷進侵<span class="zhuanming">巴克特里亞王國</span>，其初占有<span class="zhuanming">嬀水</span>以北地方，最後渡水而南，在<span class="zhuanming">巴克特里亞</span>原地建立了新的國家，即我國<span class="shuming">史記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">漢書</span>中所稱的<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>。（3）約公元前139—129年，<span class="zhuanming">月氏族</span>（<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>）又受來自東方的<span class="zhuanming">烏孫族</span>的攻擊，被迫再向西遷至<span class="zhuanming">嬀水</span>北岸一帶，擊<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>而臣之，並亦擴張勢力於水南；但<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>雖臣服於<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>，仍在<span class="zhuanming">嬀水</span>南保留其存在，並分成五個小國（翖侯），其中之一即<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>翖侯。—以上即公元前第二世紀中葉左右<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>附近一帶所發生的部族轉移的可能的大概情形。接着，據<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>所載：“後百餘歲，<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>翖侯<span class="zhuanming">丘就卻</span>攻滅四翖侯，自立爲王，國號<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王</span>，侵<span class="zhuanming">安息</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">伊朗</span>），取<span class="zhuanming">高附</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗喀布爾</span>附近）地，又滅<span class="zhuanming">濮達</span>（Bactra，今<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span>北部<span class="zhuanming">伐濟臘巴德</span>附近）﹑<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，悉有其國。<span class="zhuanming">丘就卻</span>年八十餘，死，子<span class="zhuanming">閻膏珍</span>代爲王，得滅<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>西北部一帶），置將一人監領之。<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>自此之後，最爲富盛，諸國稱之，皆曰<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>本其故號，言<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>云。”這個富盛的大國，是由主要屬於<span class="zhuanming">大夏族</span>的<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>翖侯所擴建起來的，原來的<span class="zhuanming">月氏族</span>（<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>）當亦已被吸收在内。一般都認爲<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦</span>就是<span class="zhuanming">閻膏珍</span>以後的<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>國王，但他們兩人間的確切關係却不甚明白。<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦王</span>時的領土，北越<span class="zhuanming">嬀水</span>，西接<span class="zhuanming">安息</span>，東南直到<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>中游一帶，而以<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙</span>（Pu-ruṣapura）爲首都。關於此王在位的時代，頗多異説。其中較可注意者有二説：一説如<span class="shuming">印度人民之歷史與文化</span>（即<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>）第二卷第九章，認爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>古史中有一“塞種紀年”（Saka-kāla，即Saka era），其元年相當公元78年，蓋即<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦王</span>所創建，因之推定<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦王</span>在位年代爲公元78—101年或102年。同書又推出<span class="zhuanming">丘就卻</span>即Kujula Kasa或Kadphises Ⅰ，其在位年約爲公元15—65年；<span class="zhuanming">閻膏珍</span>即Wema（Vima）Kadphises或Kadphises Ⅱ，其在<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00036','1385114',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P36</span></i>位年約爲公元65—75年。又一説，近年<span class="zhuanming">歐洲</span>考古學者<span class="zhuanming">格希曼</span>（R·Ghirshman）根據地下發掘結果，認爲<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>之夏都<span class="zhuanming">貝格蘭姆</span>（B＇egram，在<span class="zhuanming">喀布爾</span>東北）係於公元242年被<span class="zhuanming">波斯</span>攻毁，<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦</span>王系共歷九十八年，故<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦王</span>之在位當始於公元144年（在位年公元144—167年），而<span class="zhuanming">丘就卻</span>統治時代當在公元第一世紀中，<span class="zhuanming">閻膏珍</span>則當在公元第一世紀末，第二世紀初。此第二説之説服力較大，接受者較多。又在<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>文獻中，<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>人或亦被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">吐火羅</span>人（Tukhāra）。按：<span class="zhuanming">吐火羅</span>與<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>，蓋即一名也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#426" id="468">〔6〕</a>膩伽王：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“膱伽王”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“罽膩伽王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#427" id="469">〔7〕</a>出世：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“出迎”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#428" id="470">〔8〕</a>牧牛小兒：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“牧牛兒”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“牛羊兒”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“牧牛小兒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#429" id="471">〔9〕</a>當道起塔：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“聚土爲佛塔”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#430" id="472">〔10〕</a>作佛塔：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“作塔”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#431" id="473">〔11〕</a>校餝：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“校飾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#432" id="474">〔12〕</a>經見：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“經界”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#433" id="475">〔13〕</a>壯麗：“壯”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“㽵”，即“莊”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#434" id="476">〔14〕</a>傳云：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“便云”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#435" id="477">〔15〕</a>閻浮提塔唯此爲上：“唯此爲上”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“唯此塔爲上”。按：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教幻想中的世界構成，以爲我們所處的小世界，以<span class="zhuanming">蘇迷盧山</span>（Sume-ru）爲中心，由同一日月所照的位於大海中的四天下（亦稱四洲）組成。這四洲的名稱是：東<span class="zhuanming">毘提訶洲</span>（Videhadvīpa），南<span class="zhuanming">贍部洲</span>（Jambudvīpa），西<span class="zhuanming">瞿陀尼洲</span>（Godānadvīpa），北<span class="zhuanming">拘盧洲</span>（Kurudvīpa）。（<span class="zhuanming">贍部洲</span>亦譯作<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提洲</span>，即我們所住的洲。）此一小世界最外之海爲<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>，圍繞<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>而區劃一小世界之鐵山稱爲<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>。關於此被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提洲</span>中最上之塔，<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅城</span>下及<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">健馱邏國</span>下皆有記述。又，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>從上文“時天帝釋欲開發其意”至此“唯此爲上”句止，各本<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文簡寫如下：“天帝釋變爲牧牛小兒，聚土爲佛塔，法王因而成大塔，所謂四大塔也。”<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏所了解之四大塔，係合<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>前文述及之以頭施人﹑投身飼虎﹑以眼施人三塔及此<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙</span>大塔而言，與<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>上文所言之割肉貿鴿﹑以眼施人﹑以頭施人﹑投身餧虎四大塔稍有不同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#436" id="478">〔16〕</a>傍：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“旁”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00037','1385114',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P37</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#437" id="479">〔17〕</a>佛鉢：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">健馱邏國</span>都城<span class="zhuanming">布路沙布邏</span>下亦述及此佛鉢傳説，並謂此鉢流轉諸國，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>時已傳入<span class="zhuanming">波剌斯</span>（波斯文Pāras及梵文Pārasa之音譯）。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於佛鉢之記載，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>亦曾引用。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#438" id="480">〔18〕</a>月氏王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“氏王”，脱“月”字，其他各本不脱。按：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（1）此<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>蓋指<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王國</span>。（參見本節注〔5〕所引<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>文，<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>代<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>而興起後，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>仍以<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>的故號來稱呼<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>。）<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>第二卷（第九章）載稱，<span class="zhuanming">貴霜</span>王<span class="zhuanming">丘就卻</span>之錢幣刻有“堅信之<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王</span>Kujula Kasa”（Kujula-Kasasa Kushāṇa-yavugasa dhrama-ṭhidasa），其中“堅信”（dhrama-ṭhida）字樣，有時或代以“堅信正法”（sacha-dhrama-ṭhita）字樣，似彼乃佛教之信奉者。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此處之<span class="zhuanming">月氏王</span>，當爲<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦</span>以前之<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王</span>，或即<span class="zhuanming">丘就卻</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（2）但此<span class="zhuanming">月氏王</span>亦可能指<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王國</span>建國前稱雄<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>之<span class="zhuanming">月氏王</span>。蓋<span class="zhuanming">貴霜王國</span>建國前稱雄<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>之<span class="zhuanming">月氏王</span>亦已接受佛教，<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="zhuanming">裴</span>注引<span class="shuming">魏略</span><span class="shuming">西戎傳</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">漢哀帝</span><span class="zhuanming">元壽</span>元年（公元前2年）有博士弟子<span class="zhuanming">景盧</span>受<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>王使<span class="zhuanming">伊存</span>口授浮圖經之事。此事之發生，時間蓋尚早於<span class="zhuanming">丘就卻</span>之崛起。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#439" id="481">〔19〕</a>伏：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“服”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#440" id="482">〔20〕</a>王：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“王等”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#441" id="483">〔21〕</a>興：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“大興”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#442" id="484">〔22〕</a>供養三寶畢：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“畢”字；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“供養”二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#443" id="485">〔23〕</a>校餝：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“校飾”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“校飭”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#444" id="486">〔24〕</a>大象：“象”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“󵶇”，即“𤉢”，乃古“象”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#445" id="487">〔25〕</a>八象：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“須復以八象”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#446" id="488">〔26〕</a>緣：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“无緣”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#447" id="489">〔27〕</a>日將中：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“日將中食時”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“日將欲中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#448" id="490">〔28〕</a>白衣：佛教僧徒多服緇衣，其色似黑，因以白衣爲俗人之别稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#449" id="491">〔29〕</a>二斗許：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“二升許”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“二斗”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#450" id="492">〔30〕</a>四際：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“四除”。佛教相傳<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>成道時，有四<span class="zhuanming">天王</span>來獻石鉢，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>總受之，重壘爲一鉢，故其外有四際。見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八。本傳下文<span class="zhuanming">摩揭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>所載“四<span class="zhuanming">天王</span>奉鉢處”，即指此事。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00038','1385114',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P38</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#451" id="493">〔31〕</a>甚光澤：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“瑩徹光澤”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此三字；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>及<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“甚光澤”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#452" id="494">〔32〕</a>貧人：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“其先貧人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#453" id="495">〔33〕</a>欲以多華而供養：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“欲以多華欲供養”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“欲以多華供養”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#454" id="496">〔34〕</a>正復：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“復”字；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“復正”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>“復”作“後”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#455" id="497">〔35〕</a>終不能滿：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“終亦不滿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#456" id="498">〔36〕</a>寶雲：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“寶云”。下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#457" id="499">〔37〕</a>只：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“正”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“止”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#458" id="500">〔38〕</a>慧景慧達：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“惠景惠達”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#459" id="501">〔39〕</a>慧景：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“惠景”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#460" id="502">〔40〕</a>慧達：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“惠達”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#461" id="503">〔41〕</a>慧應：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“慧應”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“慧景”；<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>各本皆作“慧景應”。各本“景”字係誤加入；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>“景”字誤；<span class="shuming">石本</span>及<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>是，今據改正，删“景”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#462" id="504">〔42〕</a>無常：佛教名詞。梵文Anitya的意譯，謂生滅無常，遷流不息也。此處作死亡解。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（三）　寶雲法師傳
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124833" key="1124833"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （三）　寶雲法師傳 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124834" key="1124834"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00164','1385158',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P164</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000140">（三）　寶雲法師傳</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋寶雲</span>，未詳其氏族，傳云，<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>人也。弱年出家，精勤有學行，志韻剛潔，不偶於世，故少以直方純素爲名。而求法懇惻，忘身徇道，誓欲躬覩靈跡，廣尋羣經。遂以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>之初，遠適<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>先後相隨，涉履流沙，登踰雪嶺，勤苦艱危，不以爲難。遂歷<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國，備覩靈異。乃經羅刹之野，聞天鼓之音，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>影跡，多所瞻禮。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>在外域遍學梵書，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國音字詁訓悉皆貫練。後還<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，隨禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀羅</span>受業，修道禪門，孜孜不怠。俄而禪師横爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>僧所擯，徒衆悉同其咎，<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>亦奔散。會<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>解其擯事，共歸<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>，安止<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>。僧衆以<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>志力堅猛，弘道絶域，莫不披衿諮問，敬而愛焉。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>譯出<span class="shuming">新無量壽</span>，晚出諸經，多<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>所譯。常手執梵本，口宣<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>語，華梵兼通，音訓允正，<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>之所定，衆咸信服。初，<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">竺佛念</span>善於宣譯，於<span class="zhuanming">符</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">姚</span>二世，顯出衆經。<span class="zhuanming">江左</span>練梵，莫踰於<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>，故於<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之際，弘通法藏，沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>等咸友而善之。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>性好幽居，以保閑寂，遂<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00165','1385158',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P165</span></i>適<span class="zhuanming">六合山寺</span>，譯出<span class="shuming">佛所行讚經</span>。山多荒民，俗好草竊，<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>説法教誘，多有改惡，禮事供養，十室而八九。頃之，<span class="zhuanming">道場慧觀</span>臨卒，請<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>還都，總理寺任，<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>不得已而還。居歲餘，復還<span class="zhuanming">六合</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>二十六年卒，春秋七十餘<a class="zhuhao" href="#2574" id="2573">〔1〕</a>。其所造外國，别有記傳，徵士<span class="zhuanming">豫章</span><span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>爲其傳序。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五）</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2573" id="2574">〔1〕</a>七十餘：<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">釋寶雲傳</span>作“七十有四”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
那竭國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124837" key="1124837"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 那竭國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124838" key="1124838"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00038','1385115',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P38</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000050">那竭國</p><p> <span>西行<a class="zhuhao" href="#554" id="505">〔1〕</a>十六由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#555" id="506">〔2〕</a>，便至<a class="zhuhao" href="#556" id="507">〔3〕</a><span class="zhuanming">那竭國</span>界<span class="zhuanming">醯羅城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#557" id="508">〔4〕</a>。中有<a class="zhuhao" href="#558" id="509">〔5〕</a>佛頂骨精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#559" id="510">〔6〕</a>，盡以金薄﹑七寶校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#560" id="511">〔7〕</a>。國王敬重頂骨，慮人抄奪，乃取國中豪姓八人，人持一印，印<a class="zhuhao" href="#561" id="512">〔8〕</a>封守護。清晨，八人俱到，各視其印，然後開户。開户已，以香汁洗手，出佛頂骨，置<a class="zhuhao" href="#562" id="513">〔9〕</a>精舍外高座<a class="zhuhao" href="#563" id="514">〔10〕</a>上，以七寶圓椹椹下<a class="zhuhao" href="#564" id="515">〔11〕</a>，琉璃鍾<a class="zhuhao" href="#565" id="516">〔12〕</a>覆上，皆珠璣校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#566" id="517">〔13〕</a>。骨黄白色，方圓<a class="zhuhao" href="#567" id="518">〔14〕</a>四寸，其上隆起。每日出<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00039','1385115',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P39</span></i>後，精舍人則登高樓，擊大鼓，吹螺<a class="zhuhao" href="#568" id="519">〔15〕</a>，敲銅鈸<a class="zhuhao" href="#569" id="520">〔16〕</a>。王聞已，則詣精舍，以華香供養。供養已，次第頂戴而去。從東門入，西門出。王朝朝<a class="zhuhao" href="#570" id="521">〔17〕</a>如是供養﹑禮拜，然後聽國政。居士<a class="zhuhao" href="#571" id="522">〔18〕</a>﹑長者亦先供養，乃修家事。日日如是，初無懈惓<a class="zhuhao" href="#572" id="523">〔19〕</a>。供養都訖，乃還頂骨於精舍。中有七寶解脱塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#573" id="524">〔20〕</a>，或開或閇<a class="zhuhao" href="#574" id="525">〔21〕</a>，高五尺許<a class="zhuhao" href="#575" id="526">〔22〕</a>，以盛之。精舍門前，朝朝恒有賣華香人<a class="zhuhao" href="#576" id="527">〔23〕</a>，凡欲供養者，種種買焉。諸國王<a class="zhuhao" href="#577" id="528">〔24〕</a>亦恒遣使供養。精舍處方四十步<a class="zhuhao" href="#578" id="529">〔25〕</a>，雖復天震地裂，此處不動。</span> </p><p> <span>從此北行<a class="zhuhao" href="#579" id="530">〔26〕</a>一由延，到<span class="zhuanming">那揭國城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#580" id="531">〔27〕</a>。是<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#581" id="532">〔28〕</a>本以銀錢<a class="zhuhao" href="#582" id="533">〔29〕</a>𧵍<a class="zhuhao" href="#583" id="534">〔30〕</a>五莖<a class="zhuhao" href="#584" id="535">〔31〕</a>華，供養<span class="zhuanming">定光佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#585" id="536">〔32〕</a>處。城中亦有佛齒塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#586" id="537">〔33〕</a>，供養如頂骨法。</span> </p><p> <span>城東北一由延，到一谷口。有佛錫杖，亦起精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#587" id="538">〔34〕</a>供養，杖以<a class="zhuhao" href="#588" id="539">〔35〕</a>牛頭栴檀<a class="zhuhao" href="#589" id="540">〔36〕</a>作，長丈六七許，以木筒盛之，正復百千人，舉不能移。入谷口四日西行<a class="zhuhao" href="#590" id="541">〔37〕</a>，有佛僧伽梨<a class="zhuhao" href="#591" id="542">〔38〕</a>精舍供養<a class="zhuhao" href="#592" id="543">〔39〕</a>。彼國土亢旱時<a class="zhuhao" href="#593" id="544">〔40〕</a>，國人相率出衣，禮拜供養<a class="zhuhao" href="#594" id="545">〔41〕</a>，天即大雨。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">那竭城</span>南半由延，有石室，搏山<a class="zhuhao" href="#595" id="546">〔42〕</a>西南向，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>留影此中<a class="zhuhao" href="#596" id="547">〔43〕</a>。去十餘步觀之，如佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#597" id="548">〔44〕</a>真形，金色相好，光明炳著，轉近轉微<a class="zhuhao" href="#598" id="549">〔45〕</a>，髣髴如有。諸方國王遣工畫師模寫<a class="zhuhao" href="#599" id="550">〔46〕</a>，莫能及。彼國人傳云，千佛盡當於此留影。影西百步許<a class="zhuhao" href="#600" id="551">〔47〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在時剃髮剪<a class="zhuhao" href="#601" id="552">〔48〕</a>爪。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>自與諸弟子共造塔，高七八丈，以爲將來塔法，今猶在。邊有寺，寺<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00040','1385115',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P40</span></i>中有七百餘僧。此處有諸羅漢﹑辟支佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#602" id="553">〔49〕</a>塔乃千數。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#505" id="554">〔1〕</a>西行：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“西”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#506" id="555">〔2〕</a>由延：梵文Yojana之音譯，亦作由旬﹑踰繕那﹑踰闍那。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二對古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之總述中云：“夫數量之稱，謂踰繕那。踰繕那者，自古聖王一日軍行也。舊傳一踰繕那四十里矣，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>國俗乃三十里，聖教所載唯十六里。”蓋一踰繕那之距離，往往因時因地或因傳聞而異，故諸書記載，每有不同。注釋<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>者，對此亦多歧説。如<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（40頁注1）云，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>西北各省每由延可能合七哩，<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>及其附近每由延約合四點五哩。<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（36頁注3）云，由延之計算，有時合四點五哩，有時合五哩至七哩，有時更多於七哩。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（333—341頁）曾就<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>所記若干地點間之路程距離，加以研究，結論認爲在<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>北部及西部，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之每一由延平均合四點六哩，在以<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>爲中心之<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>地方，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之每一由延平均合六點五哩。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#507" id="556">〔3〕</a>便至：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無“便”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#508" id="557">〔4〕</a>醯羅城：“醯”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015202ce4x.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>”。<span class="zhuanming">瓦特斯</span>（Thomas Watters）<span class="shuming">玄奘之印度旅行</span>（On Yuan Chwang’s Travels in India，629—645A.D.以下簡稱<span class="shuming">瓦氏書</span>）第一册（190頁）引<span class="zhuanming">克寧漢</span>（Cunningham）説，<span class="zhuanming">醯羅</span>爲Hilo之音譯，而Hilo則爲梵文Haḍḍa（義爲“骨”）之音轉。<span class="shuming">瓦氏書</span>第一册（185頁）謂今<span class="zhuanming">賈拉拉巴德</span>（Jalalabad）城南五哩之<span class="zhuanming">醯達村</span>（Hiḍḍa，亦作Heida，亦作Ha-da），即其遺址。關于佛頂骨之佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">伽藍記</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">那伽羅阿國</span>下及<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">那揭羅曷國</span><span class="zhuanming">醯羅城</span>下亦有記載。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#509" id="558">〔5〕</a>中有：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“城中有”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#510" id="559">〔6〕</a>精舍：佛教寺院，亦稱精舍。乃梵文Vīhāra之意譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#511" id="560">〔7〕</a>校餝：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“校飾”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“校飭”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#512" id="561">〔8〕</a>印：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#513" id="562">〔9〕</a>置：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015202zp3y.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“景”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#514" id="563">〔10〕</a>座：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#515" id="564">〔11〕</a>以七寶圓椹椹下：“椹”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00041','1385115',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P41</span></i>本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“碪”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>云：“碪，知林反。”<span class="shuming">石本</span>此句作“以七寶圓椹下”，疑<span class="shuming">石本</span>脱“椹”字。<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“以七寶圓椹椹下”。<span class="shuming">音義</span>云：“椹，……知林反，<span class="shuming">蒼頡篇</span>云：‘椹，鈇椹也。’……碪﹑㪛並同。”可見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本作“椹”，與<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>同，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#516" id="565">〔12〕</a>琉璃鍾：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“流離種”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“流離鍾”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“琉璃鐘”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“瑠璃鍾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#517" id="566">〔13〕</a>校餝：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“校飾”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“校飭”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#518" id="567">〔14〕</a>圓：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“<span class="zhuanming"><span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015202zzj4.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span></span>”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#519" id="568">〔15〕</a>吹螺：<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>皆云：“𧋠，螺字。”<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>云：“𧋠，螺音。”可見更早之本有作“吹𧋠”者。<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“吹䗍”。按：“𧋠”﹑“䗍”即“蠡”，皆與“螺”字通。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#520" id="569">〔16〕</a>敲銅鈸：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶈錭󰮁”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“嚮銅󰮁”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“敲銅鉢”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#521" id="570">〔17〕</a>朝朝：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“朝”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#522" id="571">〔18〕</a>居士：梵文Gṛihapati，音譯迦羅越，義爲家主，亦曰居士。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#523" id="572">〔19〕</a>懈惓：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𢢣惓”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“懈倦”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#524" id="573">〔20〕</a>解脱塔：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“解随塔”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#525" id="574">〔21〕</a>或閇：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此二字。“閇”，<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“閉”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#526" id="575">〔22〕</a>高五尺許：“尺”，<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“丈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#527" id="576">〔23〕</a>賣華香人：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>少“人”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#528" id="577">〔24〕</a>諸國王：<span class="shuming">石本</span>少“王”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#529" id="578">〔25〕</a>方四十步：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“方三十步”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#530" id="579">〔26〕</a>北行：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二謂<span class="zhuanming">醯羅城</span>在<span class="zhuanming">那揭羅曷國</span>都城東南三十餘里，故此“北行”應作“西北行”解。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#531" id="580">〔27〕</a>那揭國城：即<span class="shuming">伽藍記</span>卷五引<span class="shuming">道榮傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">那竭城</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二之<span class="zhuanming">那揭羅曷國</span>都城，此城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">賈拉拉巴德城</span>以西不甚相遠處。關於此城中及附近各種佛迹及佛影之神話傳説，<span class="shuming">伽藍記</span>卷五引<span class="shuming">道榮傳</span><span class="zhuanming">那迦羅阿國</span>下及<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">那揭羅曷國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#532" id="581">〔28〕</a>菩薩：此“菩薩”乃指修菩薩行時之<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#533" id="582">〔29〕</a>銀錢：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“金錢”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#534" id="583">〔30〕</a>𧵍：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“賣”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𧴵”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“貿”。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00042','1385115',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P42</span></i>“𧵍”﹑“𧴵”同“貿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#535" id="584">〔31〕</a>莖：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“荎”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#536" id="585">〔32〕</a>定光佛：梵文Dīpaṃkara音譯<span class="zhuanming">提洹竭佛</span>，亦作<span class="zhuanming">定光佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">錠光佛</span>或<span class="zhuanming">然燈佛</span>。佛教所傳<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>以前的諸佛之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#537" id="586">〔33〕</a>佛齒塔：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“塔”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#538" id="587">〔34〕</a>起精舍：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“起”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#539" id="588">〔35〕</a>杖以：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#540" id="589">〔36〕</a>牛頭栴檀：梵文Candana音譯旃檀那，省稱旃檀或栴檀，即檀香。佛教傳説牛頭栴檀（Gosīsrṣa Candana）極爲貴重，生自一山，峯狀如牛頭，故名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#541" id="590">〔37〕</a>四日西行：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“西行”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“四日行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#542" id="591">〔38〕</a>僧伽梨：即僧伽胝，梵文Saṅghaṭi之音譯，亦稱複衣﹑大衣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#543" id="592">〔39〕</a>精舍供養：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“亦精舍供養”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“亦起精舍供養”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#544" id="593">〔40〕</a>彼國土亢旱時：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>“土”字下多“俗”字；<span class="shuming">學本</span>“土”作“上”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>“時”作“府”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#545" id="594">〔41〕</a>禮拜供養：<span class="shuming">東本</span>“拜”作“佛”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#546" id="595">〔42〕</a>搏山：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“博山”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“博山”。<span class="shuming">音義</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本作“搏山”（詳見下〔䓑沙王舊城〕節注〔14〕），今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#547" id="596">〔43〕</a>此中：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“在此中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#548" id="597">〔44〕</a>佛：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#549" id="598">〔45〕</a>轉近轉微：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“轉微”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#550" id="599">〔46〕</a>模寫：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“摹寫”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#551" id="600">〔47〕</a>影西百步許：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“影西四百步許”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“西百步許”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#552" id="601">〔48〕</a>剪：<span class="shuming">石本</span>誤作“前羽”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“翦”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#553" id="602">〔49〕</a>辟支佛：梵文Pratyeka Buddha音譯辟支迦佛陀，略稱辟支佛。佛教有所謂三乘之説，即求證“阿羅漢果”之聲聞乘（小乘），求證“辟支佛果”之緣覺乘（中乘），求證“佛果”之菩薩乘（大乘）。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（四）　法顯得本出經録
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124846" key="1124846"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （四）　法顯得本出經録 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124847" key="1124847"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00166','1385159',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P166</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000142">（四）　法顯得本出經録</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">大般泥洹經</span>六卷，<span class="zhuanming">晉義熙</span>十三年十一月一日<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>譯。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">方等泥洹經</span>二卷，今闕。<a class="zhuhao" href="#2578" id="2575">〔1〕</a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>四十卷，已入律録。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">僧祇比丘戒本</span>一卷，今闕。<a class="zhuhao" href="#2579" id="2576">〔2〕</a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>十三卷，今闕。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">雜藏經</span>一卷。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">綖經</span>，梵文，未譯出。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>，梵文，未譯。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>，梵文，未譯。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>，梵文，未譯。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">薩婆多律抄</span>，梵文，未譯。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>一卷。</span> </p><p> <span>右十一部，定出六部，凡六十三卷，<span class="zhuanming">晉安帝</span>時沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>以<span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年遊<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>得梵本，歸<span class="zhuanming">京都</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>，就<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛馱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00167','1385159',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P167</span></i>跋陀</span>共譯出。其<span class="shuming">長</span>﹑<span class="shuming">雜</span>二<span class="shuming">阿含</span>﹑<span class="shuming">綖經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>﹑<span class="shuming">薩婆多律抄</span>，猶是梵文，未得譯出。<a class="zhuhao" href="#2580" id="2577">〔3〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二）</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2575" id="2578">〔1〕</a><span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>氏云：此<span class="shuming">方等泥洹經</span>一條“似不確，蓋<span class="shuming">方等泥洹</span>實即六卷本之誤傳”。又云：“<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>如譯此，亦已佚。”（見<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>氏所撰<span class="shuming">漢魂</span><span class="shuming">兩晉南北朝佛教史</span>下册603﹑606頁）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2576" id="2579">〔2〕</a>此<span class="shuming">戒本</span>疑即<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷七之<span class="shuming">僧祇尼戒本</span>一卷，亦即<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>卷三之<span class="shuming">僧祇比丘尼戒本</span>一卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2577" id="2580">〔3〕</a><span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>記<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>在<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>尚得有<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇阿毗曇</span>，今傳世經録自<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>以下皆未載。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
度小雪山
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124855" key="1124855"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 度小雪山 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124856" key="1124856"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00043','1385116',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P43</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000052">度小雪山</p><p> <span>住此冬三月<a class="zhuhao" href="#609" id="603">〔1〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等三人南度<span class="zhuanming">小雪山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#610" id="604">〔2〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>冬夏積雪。山北陰中遇寒風暴起<a class="zhuhao" href="#611" id="605">〔3〕</a>，人皆噤戰。<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>一人不堪復進，口出白沫，語<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>云：“我亦不<a class="zhuhao" href="#612" id="606">〔4〕</a>復活，便可時去，勿得俱死。”於是遂終。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>撫之悲號：“本圖<a class="zhuhao" href="#613" id="607">〔5〕</a>不果，命也奈何！”復自力前，得過嶺<a class="zhuhao" href="#614" id="608">〔6〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#603" id="609">〔1〕</a>冬三月：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“冬二月”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#604" id="610">〔2〕</a>小雪山：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“小雪此”，“此”爲“山”字之誤。<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（49頁注2）﹑<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（40頁注4）及<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（18頁）皆以爲此<span class="zhuanming">小雪山</span>即今<span class="zhuanming">賈拉拉巴德城</span>以南之<span class="zhuanming">塞費德科山脉</span>（Safed Koh）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#605" id="611">〔3〕</a>遇寒風暴起：“遇”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“過”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“遇”，今據改。<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>無“風”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#606" id="612">〔4〕</a>不：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“不能”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#607" id="613">〔5〕</a>圖：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“啚”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“圖”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#608" id="614">〔6〕</a>得過嶺：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“復過嶺”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
羅夷國　跋那國　毗荼國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124865" key="1124865"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 羅夷國　跋那國　毗荼國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124866" key="1124866"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00043','1385117',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P43</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000054">羅夷國　跋那國　毗荼國</p><p> <span>南到<span class="zhuanming">羅夷國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#625" id="615">〔1〕</a>。近有三千僧，兼大小乘學。住此夏坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#626" id="616">〔2〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00044','1385117',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P44</span></i><p> <span>坐訖，南下，行十日<a class="zhuhao" href="#627" id="617">〔3〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">跋那國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#628" id="618">〔4〕</a>。亦有三千許僧，皆小乘學。</span> </p><p> <span>從此東行三日，復渡<a class="zhuhao" href="#629" id="619">〔5〕</a><span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>，兩岸皆平地。過河<a class="zhuhao" href="#630" id="620">〔6〕</a>有國，名<span class="zhuanming">毗荼</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#631" id="621">〔7〕</a>。佛法興盛<a class="zhuhao" href="#632" id="622">〔8〕</a>，兼大小乘學。見<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>道人往，乃大憐愍，作是言：“如何邊地人，能知出家爲道，遠求佛法？”悉供給所須，待<a class="zhuhao" href="#633" id="623">〔9〕</a>之如法。</span> </p><p> <span>從此東南行减<a class="zhuhao" href="#634" id="624">〔10〕</a>八十由延，經歷諸寺甚多，僧衆萬數。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#615" id="625">〔1〕</a>羅夷國：<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（50頁注1）云：自<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span>東部<span class="zhuanming">蘇來曼</span>諸山（Solimāni hills）直至<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>間主要諸部落，總稱爲<span class="zhuanming">羅哈尼人</span>（Lohanis）；昔<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>地理學者所稱之<span class="zhuanming">羅哈</span>（Lohas），及<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">羅夷</span>，或即其人。蓋謂<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>度<span class="zhuanming">小雪山</span>後，入山南<span class="zhuanming">羅哈尼人</span>所居之地，即稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">羅夷國</span>也。<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（19頁）即將<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之<span class="zhuanming">羅夷國</span>譯作<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span>（Afghanistan）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#616" id="626">〔2〕</a>夏坐：“夏”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶉”。<span class="zhuanming">羅夷國</span>之夏坐，爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後第五年即公元403年之夏坐。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#617" id="627">〔3〕</a>行十日：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“行”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#618" id="628">〔4〕</a>跋那國：即今<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>北部之<span class="zhuanming">邦努</span>（Bannu）。或以爲此國即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一之<span class="zhuanming">伐剌拏國</span>（Varaṇa），但一般認爲<span class="zhuanming">伐剌拏國</span>之遺址當在今<span class="zhuanming">古馬耳河</span>（Gūmal R.）谷地，尚在<span class="zhuanming">邦努</span>略南。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#619" id="629">〔5〕</a>復渡；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“復”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#620" id="630">〔6〕</a>過河：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“過”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#621" id="631">〔7〕</a>毗荼：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“毗茶”。<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（51頁注〔2〕）云，<span class="zhuanming">毗荼</span>可能爲梵文Pañcanada（即Pañjāb）音譯之略。原名意爲“五河地區”，一般譯作<span class="zhuanming">旁遮普</span>，主要部分在今<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>東北部，小部分在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>北部。<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>又云，<span class="zhuanming">毗荼</span>更可能爲<span class="zhuanming">傑盧姆河</span>（Jhelam R）上<span class="zhuanming">毗達城</span>（Bhiḍa，亦作Bhiṛa）之音<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00045','1385117',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P45</span></i>譯，此城曾在一短時間中爲<span class="zhuanming">旁遮普</span>數婆羅門國王之都城；其位置處於<span class="zhuanming">邦努</span>（Bannu）與<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅</span>（Mathurā）間之直通道路上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#622" id="632">〔8〕</a>復渡新頭河兩岸皆平地過河有國名毗荼佛法興盛：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">毗荼國</span>之記載，改寫作“<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>又西南流，屈而東南流，逕<span class="zhuanming">中天竺國</span>，兩岸平地，有國名<span class="zhuanming">毗荼</span>（<span class="shuming">黄本</span>“荼”作“茶”），佛法興盛。”<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏理解<span class="zhuanming">毗荼</span>已在<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>境，失<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>意，蓋<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>須至下文所述<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅</span>始入<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>境也。又，“佛法興盛”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“佛法學興盛”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#623" id="633">〔9〕</a>待：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“侍”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#624" id="634">〔10〕</a>減：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“滅”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
烏萇國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124870" key="1124870"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 烏萇國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124871" key="1124871"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00027','1385110',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P27</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000040">烏萇國</p><p> <span>度<a class="zhuhao" href="#356" id="337">〔1〕</a>河便到<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#357" id="338">〔2〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#358" id="339">〔3〕</a>是正<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00028','1385110',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P28</span></i>盡作<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>語，<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>所謂<span class="zhuanming">中國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#359" id="340">〔4〕</a>。俗人衣服﹑飲食<a class="zhuhao" href="#360" id="341">〔5〕</a>，亦與<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>同。佛法甚盛。名衆僧住止處<a class="zhuhao" href="#361" id="342">〔6〕</a>爲僧伽藍，凡有五百僧伽藍，皆小乘學。若有客比丘<a class="zhuhao" href="#362" id="343">〔7〕</a>到，悉供養三日，三日過已，乃令自求所安常。</span> </p><p> <span>傳言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>至<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>，即到此國已<a class="zhuhao" href="#363" id="344">〔8〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#364" id="345">〔9〕</a>遺足跡<a class="zhuhao" href="#365" id="346">〔10〕</a>於此<a class="zhuhao" href="#366" id="347">〔11〕</a>。跡或長或短<a class="zhuhao" href="#367" id="348">〔12〕</a>，在人心念，至今<a class="zhuhao" href="#368" id="349">〔13〕</a>猶爾。及曬衣石﹑度惡龍處，亦悉<a class="zhuhao" href="#369" id="350">〔14〕</a>現在。石高丈四<a class="zhuhao" href="#370" id="351">〔15〕</a>，闊<a class="zhuhao" href="#371" id="352">〔16〕</a>二丈許，一邊平。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#372" id="353">〔17〕</a>三人先發，向佛影<span class="zhuanming">那揭國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#373" id="354">〔18〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等住此國夏坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#374" id="355">〔19〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#337" id="356">〔1〕</a>度：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“渡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#338" id="357">〔2〕</a>烏萇國：“烏萇”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“烏長”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015202pet3.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>󵶆”，下同；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>亦作“烏長”，下同。<span class="zhuanming">烏萇</span>爲梵文Udyāna之音譯，義爲苑囿。此國即<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>所經之<span class="zhuanming">烏塲國</span>，亦即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三之<span class="zhuanming">烏仗那國</span>。故地在今<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>北部<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦脱河</span>（Swāt R.）流域。<span class="shuming">西域記</span>載其王多治<span class="zhuanming">瞢揭釐城</span>（Mangkil或Maṅgala），即今<span class="zhuanming">曼格勒</span>（Manglaur），在<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦脱河</span>中流東岸。關於此國<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>足跡﹑曬衣石﹑惡龍等神話傳説，<span class="shuming">伽藍記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">西域記</span>亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#339" id="358">〔3〕</a>烏萇國：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>“烏”字上多“其”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#340" id="359">〔4〕</a>中國：即<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>。參看〔陀歷國〕節注〔35〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#341" id="360">〔5〕</a>飲食：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“飲會”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#342" id="361">〔6〕</a>住止處：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“住上處”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“止住處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#343" id="362">〔7〕</a>客比丘：“客”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“容”。比丘爲梵文Bhikṣu之音譯，亦作苾芻，意譯“乞士”，即出家的佛教僧人，俗稱“和尚”。客比丘，即外來的比丘。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00029','1385110',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P29</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#344" id="363">〔8〕</a>已：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“也”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#345" id="364">〔9〕</a>佛：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“佛道”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#346" id="365">〔10〕</a>足跡：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“跡”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“足跡”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“足蹟”；<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“足迹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#347" id="366">〔11〕</a>此：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“亦”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#348" id="367">〔12〕</a>跡或長或短：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無“跡”字。“短”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>，作“𢭃”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>亦作“𢭃”，注云：“短字”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“梪”，“梪”乃“𢭃”之訛。此句五字<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文作“其跡（<span class="shuming">楊本</span>跡作迹）長短”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#349" id="368">〔13〕</a>今：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“念”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#350" id="369">〔14〕</a>亦悉：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“悉亦”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#351" id="370">〔15〕</a>石高丈四：“丈四”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“大四”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“丈四尺”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#352" id="371">〔16〕</a>闊：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“長”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#353" id="372">〔17〕</a>慧景道整慧達：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“慧景慧達道整”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#354" id="373">〔18〕</a>那揭國：“揭”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“謁”。<span class="zhuanming">那揭國</span>（梵文Nagarahāra）即<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五引<span class="shuming">道榮傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">那迦羅阿國</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二之<span class="zhuanming">那揭羅曷國</span>。故地相當今<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span>東部<span class="zhuanming">賈拉拉巴德</span>（Jalalabad）附近一帶（詳見下〔那竭國〕節）。<span class="shuming">道榮傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">西域記</span>均載此國有<span class="zhuanming">瞿波羅龍窟</span>，並有佛影，故<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>稱之爲佛影<span class="zhuanming">那竭國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#355" id="374">〔19〕</a>夏坐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“憂㘴”。<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>之夏坐，爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後第四年即公元402年之夏坐。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
結語
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124887" key="1124887"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 五　浮海東還 &gt; 結語 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124888" key="1124888"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00150','1385154',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P150</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000131">結語</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>發<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，六年到<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，停六年，還三年達<span class="zhuanming">青州</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2508" id="2497">〔1〕</a>。凡所遊歷<a class="zhuhao" href="#2509" id="2498">〔2〕</a>，減三十國<a class="zhuhao" href="#2510" id="2499">〔3〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2511" id="2500">〔4〕</a>已西，迄于<a class="zhuhao" href="#2512" id="2501">〔5〕</a><span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，衆僧威儀法化之美<a class="zhuhao" href="#2513" id="2502">〔6〕</a>，不可詳説。竊惟諸師來<a class="zhuhao" href="#2514" id="2503">〔7〕</a>得備聞，是以不顧微命，浮海而還，艱難具更<a class="zhuhao" href="#2515" id="2504">〔8〕</a>，幸蒙三尊威靈<a class="zhuhao" href="#2516" id="2505">〔9〕</a>，危而得濟，故竹帛<a class="zhuhao" href="#2517" id="2506">〔10〕</a>疏所經歷，欲令賢者同其聞見。是歲甲寅<a class="zhuhao" href="#2518" id="2507">〔11〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00151','1385154',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P151</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2497" id="2508">〔1〕</a>法顯發長安六年到中國停六年還三年達青州：“中國”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“中印國”；“停六年”，<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“停經六年”；“還三年”，<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“還經三年”；“青州”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“青洲”。按：此特大概言之耳。自公元399年發<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，約404年至<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>（<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>）<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>爲六年；約404年至<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>，至409年離<span class="zhuanming">多摩梨帝國</span>海口而就歸途爲六年；住<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>二年，更在海上航行約一年而於412年到達<span class="zhuanming">北青州</span><span class="zhuanming">長廣郡</span>界<span class="zhuanming">牢山</span>南岸爲三年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2498" id="2509">〔2〕</a>遊歷：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“遊履”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2499" id="2510">〔3〕</a>減三十國：“減”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“咸”。此所謂三十國者亦大概言之耳。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>所載者，自<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>已西，即有：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">鄯善國　竭叉國　竺刹尸羅國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">焉夷國　陀歷國　弗樓沙國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">于闐國　烏萇國　那竭國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">子合國　宿呵多國　羅夷國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">於麾國　犍陀衛國　跋那國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">毗荼國　（迦維羅衛城）　拘睒彌國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">摩頭羅國　藍莫國　（達嚫國）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">僧伽施國　（拘夷那竭城）　瞻波國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（罽饒夷城）　毗舍離國　多摩梨帝國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">沙祇大國　摩竭提國　師子國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">拘薩羅國　迦尸國　耶婆提國</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">如除去<span class="zhuanming">達嚫國</span>未親到不計，<span class="zhuanming">罽饒夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭</span>皆稱城不計，<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span>爲歸途所經亦不計外，共得二十八國，可以符合傳文“減三十國”之數。然記述<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛</span>之文中有“<span class="zhuanming">迦惟羅衛國</span>大空荒”一語，則亦以國稱之也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2500" id="2511">〔4〕</a>沙河：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“沙何”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2501" id="2512">〔5〕</a>迄于：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“迄于未”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2502" id="2513">〔6〕</a>法化之美：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“法化之养”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“法則之羡美”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2503" id="2514">〔7〕</a>來：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“未”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00152','1385154',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P152</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2504" id="2515">〔8〕</a>艱難具更：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“難難具更”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“難艱不可具宣”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2505" id="2516">〔9〕</a>三尊威靈：<span class="shuming">石本</span>少“威”字。三尊同三寶，即佛﹑法﹑僧也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2506" id="2517">〔10〕</a>故竹帛：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“故竹陌”；<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“故昔”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“故將竹帛”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2507" id="2518">〔11〕</a>是歲甲寅；“是歲甲寅”四字，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆另分出一行，加於下一節跋文之首；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>則不另分行，仍與上文及下文連寫。“寅”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“宣”。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（236頁）云：“‘是歲甲寅’之句，應在正文之末，係<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>紀録紀行完竣之年，即<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十年之謂也。”</span> </p></div></div></div>
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宿呵多國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124900" key="1124900"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 宿呵多國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124901" key="1124901"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00029','1385111',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P29</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000042">宿呵多國</p><p> <span>坐訖，南下，到<span class="zhuanming">宿呵多國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#384" id="375">〔1〕</a>。其國佛法亦盛。昔<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#385" id="376">〔2〕</a>試<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#386" id="377">〔3〕</a>，化作<a class="zhuhao" href="#387" id="378">〔4〕</a>鷹﹑鴿，割肉貿<a class="zhuhao" href="#388" id="379">〔5〕</a>鴿處。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>即<a class="zhuhao" href="#389" id="380">〔6〕</a>成道，與諸弟子<a class="zhuhao" href="#390" id="381">〔7〕</a>遊行，語云：“此本是吾割肉貿<a class="zhuhao" href="#391" id="382">〔8〕</a>鴿處。”國人由是得知，於此處起塔，金銀校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#392" id="383">〔9〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00030','1385111',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P30</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#375" id="384">〔1〕</a>宿呵多國：<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（29頁）云：<span class="zhuanming">宿呵多國</span>應在今<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>與<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦脱河</span>之間，當即今所稱<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦斯梯</span>（Swastene）之地。按：今<span class="zhuanming">曼格勒城</span>西南跨<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦脱河</span>兩岸之地區，稱爲<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦脱</span>（Swat），當即<span class="zhuanming">宿呵多國</span>故地。又<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（42—43頁）採<span class="zhuanming">藤田豐八</span>意見，以爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之<span class="zhuanming">宿呵多國</span>，即<span class="shuming">慧超往五天竺國傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">西業者多</span>；但<span class="zhuanming">高楠順次郎</span>非之，謂“西業”恐“惡業”之誤，“惡業者多”，乃<span class="shuming">慧超傳</span>中對<span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span>之叙述，而非對另一國之叙述，不得爲<span class="zhuanming">宿呵多國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高楠順次郎</span>之説是也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#376" id="385">〔2〕</a>天帝釋：梵文Sakra之意譯，亦稱<span class="zhuanming">忉利天王</span>，佛教神話傳説中的忉利天（Trayastriṃssa即三十三天）之主。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#377" id="386">〔3〕</a>菩薩：此“菩薩”乃指修菩薩行時之<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>。關於此割肉貿鴿之神話傳説，亦見<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>記<span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅國</span>下及<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="zhuanming">烏仗那國</span>下。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#378" id="387">〔4〕</a>作：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#379" id="388">〔5〕</a>貿：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𧴵”，<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“𧵍”，皆即“貿”字。<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>云：“亦作𧴵。”<span class="shuming">音義</span>亦云：“<span class="shuming">傳</span>作𧴵，俗字也。”則<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本已有作“𧴵”者。<span class="shuming">石</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌</span>兩本皆與<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本合。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#380" id="389">〔6〕</a>即成道：“即”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“既”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#381" id="390">〔7〕</a>諸弟子：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“諸第子”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“諸佛弟子”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#382" id="391">〔8〕</a>貿：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𧴵”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“留”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#383" id="392">〔9〕</a>校餝：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“拔餝”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“救餝”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“校飾”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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跋
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039626" key="1039626"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 跋 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039627" key="1039627"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00153','1385155',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P153</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000133"><b>跋</b></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年，歲在壽星<a class="zhuhao" href="#2535" id="2519">〔1〕</a>，夏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2536" id="2520">〔2〕</a>安居末，<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>迎<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>道人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2537" id="2521">〔3〕</a>。既至，留共冬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2538" id="2522">〔4〕</a>齋。因講集之際<a class="zhuhao" href="#2539" id="2523">〔5〕</a>，重問遊歷。其人恭順，言輒依實。由是先所略者，勸令詳載。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>復具叙始末。自云：“顧尋所經，不覺心動<a class="zhuhao" href="#2540" id="2524">〔6〕</a>汗流。所以乘危履嶮<a class="zhuhao" href="#2541" id="2525">〔7〕</a>，不惜此形者，蓋是志有所存<a class="zhuhao" href="#2542" id="2526">〔8〕</a>，專其愚直，故投命於不必全之地<a class="zhuhao" href="#2543" id="2527">〔9〕</a>，以達<a class="zhuhao" href="#2544" id="2528">〔10〕</a>萬一之冀。”於是感歎斯人，以爲古今罕有。自大教<a class="zhuhao" href="#2545" id="2529">〔11〕</a>東流，未有忘身求法如<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>之比。然後知誠<a class="zhuhao" href="#2546" id="2530">〔12〕</a>之所感，無窮<a class="zhuhao" href="#2547" id="2531">〔13〕</a>否而不通；志之所奬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2548" id="2532">〔14〕</a>，無功業而不成。成<a class="zhuhao" href="#2549" id="2533">〔15〕</a>夫功業者，豈不由忘失所重<a class="zhuhao" href="#2550" id="2534">〔16〕</a>，重夫所忘者哉！</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2519" id="2535">〔1〕</a>晉義熙十二年歲在壽星：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“晉義熙十二年矣歲在壽星”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“晉義照十二年歲壽星”。“壽星”爲十二星次之一，在十二支中爲辰。<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年（公元416年）爲丙辰歲，故云“歲在壽星”。自此以下爲本書跋文。按：<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷三<span class="shuming">婆麤富羅律記</span>云：“沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>……以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年歲次壽星十一月，共<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>譯出，至十四年二月末乃訖。”（<span class="shuming">婆麤富羅律</span>即<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>，<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀</span>即<span class="zhuanming">佛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00154','1385155',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P154</span></i>陀跋陀羅</span>。）可知<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年冬齋之際，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>方在<span class="zhuanming">建康</span><span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>從事譯經，然則此跋文之題者，蓋<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>僧人，更就文中語氣觀之，尤可能即當時<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之檀越也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2520" id="2536">〔2〕</a>夏：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“憂”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“复”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2521" id="2537">〔3〕</a>慧遠迎法顯道人：“慧遠”二字唯<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>獨有，今據補。按：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>所保留此二字甚可貴，蓋由此可知迎<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>入<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>，乃出於<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>末年<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>出經甚盛，<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>提倡之力爲多。<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>先已識<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋陀羅</span>），此時<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>新攜經律歸，故急於迎其至<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>與<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>合作譯經也。傳稱<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>居<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>三十餘年，“影不出山，跡不入俗”，此云迎者，非親迎，特促成其事耳。<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>卒年有二説，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六謂其卒於<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年（416年）八月六日，年八十三；<span class="zhuanming">謝靈運</span><span class="shuming">廬山慧遠</span><span class="shuming">法師誄</span>（<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷二十三）謂其卒於<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十三年（417年）八月六日，年八十四。今從<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>，似以<span class="zhuanming">謝</span>氏之説爲是。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2522" id="2538">〔4〕</a>冬：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“各”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2523" id="2539">〔5〕</a>際：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“降”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“餘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2524" id="2540">〔6〕</a>心動：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“心之”；<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“心歡”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“不心勸”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2525" id="2541">〔7〕</a>嶮：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“險”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2526" id="2542">〔8〕</a>所存：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“存所”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2527" id="2543">〔9〕</a>不必全之地：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“必死之地”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2528" id="2544">〔10〕</a>以達：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“以幸”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2529" id="2545">〔11〕</a>大教：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“大牧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2530" id="2546">〔12〕</a>誠：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“識”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2531" id="2547">〔13〕</a>窮否：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“竊否”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“窮不口”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2532" id="2548">〔14〕</a>奬：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“將”；<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“奘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2533" id="2549">〔15〕</a>成：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>不複出此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2534" id="2550">〔16〕</a>忘失所重：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“夫所重”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“忘夫所重”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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犍陀衛國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124904" key="1124904"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 犍陀衛國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124905" key="1124905"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00030','1385112',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P30</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000044">犍陀衛國</p><p> <span>從此東下<a class="zhuhao" href="#399" id="393">〔1〕</a>五日行，到<span class="zhuanming">犍陀衛國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#400" id="394">〔2〕</a>。是<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>子<span class="zhuanming">法益</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#401" id="395">〔3〕</a>所治處<a class="zhuhao" href="#402" id="396">〔4〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲菩薩時，亦於此國以眼施人<a class="zhuhao" href="#403" id="397">〔5〕</a>。其處亦起大塔，金銀校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#404" id="398">〔6〕</a>。此國人多小乘<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00031','1385112',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P31</span></i>學。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#393" id="399">〔1〕</a>東下：<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（44頁）云，此“東下”近於“南下”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#394" id="400">〔2〕</a>犍陀衛國：“犍”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“揵”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">犍陀衛國</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>皆脱“犍”字，<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>補“犍”字，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>補“揵”字。此國即<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>記之<span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅國</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二之<span class="zhuanming">健馱邏國</span>，此二名皆梵文Gandhāra之音譯；至於<span class="zhuanming">犍陀衛</span>則爲梵文Gandhavat之音譯。梵文Gandha之義爲香，故<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">闍那崛多傳</span>亦稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">香行國</span>。此國疆域時有變動，故諸書所述每不一致。本書所言<span class="zhuanming">犍陀衛國</span>，其故地約當今<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦脱河</span>流入<span class="zhuanming">喀布爾河</span>之附近一帶。據<span class="zhuanming">長澤和俊</span>氏<span class="shuming">宫内廳書陵部圖書寮本法顯傳校注</span>（13頁）所考，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>時<span class="zhuanming">犍陀衛國</span>之首都當在Puṣkarāvatī。按：此即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二之<span class="zhuanming">布色羯邏伐底城</span>，其故址在<span class="zhuanming">斯瓦脱河</span>最下游之東岸，<span class="zhuanming">喀布爾河</span>之北岸，在今<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span><span class="zhuanming">白沙瓦</span>（Peshāwar）東北十七哩。<span class="zhuanming">勞</span>（B.C.Law）<span class="shuming">古印度歷史地理</span>（Historical Geography of Ancient India）（以下簡稱<span class="shuming">勞氏書</span>）（119頁）云，此城爲<span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅</span>古都。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#395" id="401">〔3〕</a>阿育王子法益：<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>（Asoka）爲<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>王，著名的佛教扶持者，並曾派人遠赴國外布教，大力從事佛教的傳播。其在位年約爲公元前273—236年（參看前〔陀歷國〕節注〔32〕）。<span class="zhuanming">法益</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>之子，<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（30頁注〔3〕）及<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（31頁注〔4〕）皆以爲<span class="zhuanming">法益</span>爲梵文Dharma-vivardha-na之意譯；<span class="zhuanming">堀謙德</span><span class="shuming">解説西域記</span>（以下簡稱<span class="shuming">堀氏書</span>）（239頁）參照<span class="shuming">阿育王傳</span>卷三及<span class="shuming">阿育王經</span>卷四，謂<span class="zhuanming">法益</span>即<span class="zhuanming">法增</span>，爲梵文Dharma-vardhana之意譯。<span class="zhuanming">法增</span>又名<span class="zhuanming">拘那羅</span>或<span class="zhuanming">鳩那羅</span>（Kuṇāla），<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="zhuanming">呾叉始羅國</span>下載此王子傳説甚詳。（<span class="shuming">西域記</span>作<span class="zhuanming">拘浪拏</span>，應作<span class="zhuanming">拘拏浪</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#396" id="402">〔4〕</a>所治處：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“所治邑”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#397" id="403">〔5〕</a>以眼施人：此以眼施人的神話傳説亦見<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>記<span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">佛沙伏城</span>下及<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">健馱邏國</span><span class="zhuanming">布色羯</span><span class="zhuanming">邏伐底城</span>下。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#398" id="404">〔6〕</a>校餝：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“校飾”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（一）　法顯法師傳
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039636" key="1039636"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （一）　法顯法師傳 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039637" key="1039637"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00157','1385156',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P157</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000136">（一）　法顯法師傳<a class="zhuhao" href="#2560" id="2551">〔1〕</a></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>本姓<span class="zhuanming">龔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span><span class="zhuanming">武陽</span>人也。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>三兄并齠齓而亡，其父懼禍及之，三歲便度爲沙彌。居家數年，病篤欲死，因送還寺，信宿便差，不復肯歸，母欲見之不能得，爲立小屋於門外，以擬去來。十歲遭父憂，叔父以其母寡獨不立，逼使還俗。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>曰：“本不以有父而出家也。正欲遠塵離俗，故入道耳。”叔父善其言，乃止。頃之母喪，至性過人，塟事既畢，仍即還寺。嘗與同學數十人於田中刈稻，時有饑賊欲奪其穀，諸沙彌悉奔走，唯<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>獨留，語賊曰：“若欲須穀，隨意所取。但君等昔不布施，故此生饑貧，今復奪人，恐來世彌甚。貧道預爲君憂，故相語耳。”言訖即還。賊棄穀而去。衆僧數百人莫不歎服。二十受大戒，志行明潔，儀軌整肅。</span> </p><p> <span>常慨經律舛闕，誓志尋求，以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年與同學<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧應</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嵬</span>等發自<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。西度<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>，上無飛鳥，下無走獸，四顧茫茫，莫測所之，唯視日以准東西，人骨以標行路耳。屢有熱風﹑惡鬼，遇之必死。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>任緣委命，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00158','1385156',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P158</span></i>直過險難。有頃，至<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>，嶺冬夏積雪，有惡龍吐毒風，雨沙礫。山路艱危，壁立千仞，昔有人鑿石通路，傍施梯道，凡度七百餘梯，又躡懸絙過河數十餘處。仍度<span class="zhuanming">小雪山</span>，遇寒風暴起，<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>噤戰不能前，語<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>云：“吾其死矣，卿可時去，勿得俱殞。”言絶而卒。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>撫之號泣曰：“本圖不果，命也奈何！”復自力孤行，遂過山險。凡所經歷，三十餘國。至<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2561" id="2552">〔2〕</a>，未至<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>三十餘里，有一寺，逼暮仍停。明旦，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>欲詣<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>。寺僧諫曰：“路甚艱嶮，且多黑師子，亟經噉人，何由可至！”<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>曰：“遠涉數萬，誓到<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲</span>。寧可使積年之誠既至而廢耶！雖有嶮難，吾不懼也。”衆莫能止，乃遣兩僧送之。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>既至山中，日將曛夕，遂欲停宿，兩僧危懼，捨之而還。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>獨留山中，燒香禮拜，翹感舊跡，如覩聖儀。至夜，有三黑師子來蹲<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>前，舐脣摇尾。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>誦經不輟，一心念佛。師子乃低頭下尾，伏<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>足前，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>以手摩之，呪曰：“汝若欲相害，待我誦竟；若見試者，可便退去。”師子良久乃去。明晨還反，路窮幽深，榛木荒梗，禽獸交横，正有一逕通行而已。未至里餘，忽逢一道人，年可九十，容服麤素，而神氣俊遠。雖覺其韻高，而不悟是神人。須臾進前，逢一年少道人，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>問：“向逢一老道人，是誰耶？”答曰：“頭陀弟子<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>也。”<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>方惋慨良久。既至山前，有一大石横塞室口，遂不得入，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>乃流涕致敬而去。又至<span class="zhuanming">迦施國</span>，精舍裏有白耳龍，與衆僧約，令國内豐熟，皆<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00159','1385156',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P159</span></i>有信効。沙門爲起龍舍，并設福食，每至夏坐訖日，龍輒化作一小虵，兩耳悉白。衆咸識是龍，以銅盂盛酪置於其中，從上座至下行之，遍乃化去。年輒一出，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>亦親見此龍。後至<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提</span><span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span><span class="zhuanming">阿肓王塔</span>南<span class="zhuanming">天王寺</span>，得<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>，又得<span class="shuming">薩婆多律抄</span>﹑<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>﹑<span class="shuming">綖經</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2562" id="2553">〔3〕</a>﹑<span class="shuming">方等泥洹</span>等經。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>留三年，學梵書梵語，躬自書寫。於是持經像寄附商客，至<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>同旅十餘，或留或亡，顧影唯己，常懷悲慨，忽於玉像<a class="zhuhao" href="#2563" id="2554">〔4〕</a>前見商人以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地一白團扇供養，不覺悽然下淚。停二年，復得<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>﹑<span class="shuming">長阿含</span>﹑<span class="shuming">雜阿含</span>及<span class="shuming">雜藏</span>本，並<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>土所無。</span> </p><p> <span>既而附商人大舶還東，舶有二百許人。值大暴風，舶壞水入，衆人惶怖，即取雜物棄之。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>恐商人棄其經像，唯一心念觀世音及歸命<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>土衆僧。大風晝夜十三日，吹舶至島下，治舶竟前，時陰雨晦冥，不知何之，唯任風而已，若值伏石及賊，萬無一全。行九十日，達<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2564" id="2555">〔5〕</a>。停五月日，復隨他商侣東趣<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>。舉帆月餘日，中夜忽遇大風，舉舶震懼。衆共議曰：“坐載此沙門，使我等狼狽，不可以一人故令一衆俱亡。”欲推棄之。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>檀越厲聲呵商人曰：“汝若下此沙門，亦應下我；不爾，便當見殺！<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地帝王奉佛敬僧，我至彼告王，必當罪汝！”商人相視失色，僶俛而止。既水盡糧竭，唯任風隨流。忽至岸，見蔾藿菜依然，知是<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地，但未測何方。即乘小舶入浦尋村，遇獵者二人，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>問：“此何地耶？”獵人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00160','1385156',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P160</span></i>曰：“是<span class="zhuanming">青州</span><span class="zhuanming">長廣郡</span><span class="zhuanming">牢山</span>南岸。”獵人還，以告太守<span class="zhuanming">李嶷</span>。<span class="zhuanming">嶷</span>素敬信，忽聞沙門遠至，躬自迎勞，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>持經像隨還。</span> </p><p> <span>頃之，欲南歸。時刺史請留過久<a class="zhuhao" href="#2565" id="2556">〔6〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>曰：“貧道投身於不返之地，志在弘通，所期未果，不得久停。”遂南造<span class="zhuanming">京師</span>，就外國禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>譯出<span class="shuming">六卷泥洹</span>﹑<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>﹑<span class="shuming">方等泥洹經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">綖經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>，未及譯者，垂有百萬言。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">顯</span>既出<span class="shuming">大泥洹經</span>，流布教化，咸使見聞。有一家，失其姓名，居近<span class="zhuanming">楊都</span><span class="zhuanming">朱雀門</span>，世奉正化，自寫一部讀誦供養。無别經室，與雜書共屋。後風火忽起，延及其家，資物皆盡，唯<span class="shuming">泥洹經</span>儼然具存，煨燼不侵，卷色無異。<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>共傳，咸稱神妙。</span> </p><p> <span>後到<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，卒于<span class="zhuanming">新寺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2566" id="2557">〔7〕</a>，春秋八十有二<a class="zhuhao" href="#2567" id="2558">〔8〕</a>，衆咸慟惜。其所聞見風俗，别有傳記<a class="zhuhao" href="#2568" id="2559">〔9〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五）</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2551" id="2560">〔1〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span><span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五及<span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三皆有<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的傳記，<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>氏<span class="shuming">漢魏兩晉</span><span class="shuming">南北朝佛教史</span>上册（384頁）云：“查<span class="shuming">僧傳</span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>傳，全抄<span class="shuming">祐録</span>之文，而間加以改竄。但其改竄之處，往往甚誤。”<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>氏並舉出實例數則以證明之，其言是也。且<span class="shuming">祐録</span>所載僧人傳記，爲今所見僧傳中之最早者，故在此附録中即採用<span class="shuming">祐録</span>的<span class="shuming">法顯法師傳</span>，而不再取<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>中的<span class="shuming">釋法顯傳</span>。其下<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>兩傳同此。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2552" id="2561">〔2〕</a>北天竺：<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>氏上引書云，“北”字疑係“中”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2553" id="2562">〔3〕</a>綖經：<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>作“線經”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00161','1385156',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P161</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2554" id="2563">〔4〕</a>玉像：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>及<span class="shuming">頻伽本</span>皆作“王像”；今依<span class="shuming">金陵刻經處</span>刻本<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>改“玉像”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2555" id="2564">〔5〕</a><span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>氏上引書云：“<span class="shuming">祐録</span>據<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>叙行至<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>事文甚明，<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>修改之，其文甚誤。”可見<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>所記<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>附舶僅十餘日即達<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>，其時間恐不可靠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2556" id="2565">〔6〕</a>過久：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“過冬”；今依<span class="shuming">頻伽本</span>改“過久”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2557" id="2566">〔7〕</a>新寺：<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>作“辛寺”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2558" id="2567">〔8〕</a>八十有二：<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>作“八十有六”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2559" id="2568">〔9〕</a>其所聞見風俗别有傳記：此所云“傳記”，即指<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>而言。<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>將此句改作“其遊履諸國别有大傳焉”。<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>氏上引書云：“後人因據此‘大傳’二字，而猜度<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之遊記名爲<span class="shuming">法顯大傳</span>。實則<span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span>隨意抄改，未必精審而字字可據也。”</span> </p></div></div></div>
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竺刹尸羅國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124910" key="1124910"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 竺刹尸羅國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124911" key="1124911"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00032','1385113',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P32</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000046">竺刹尸羅國</p><p> <span>自此東行七日，有國名<span class="zhuanming">竺刹尸羅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#413" id="405">〔1〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">竺刹尸羅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>言截頭<a class="zhuhao" href="#414" id="406">〔2〕</a>也。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲菩薩時，於此處以頭施人<a class="zhuhao" href="#415" id="407">〔3〕</a>，故因以<a class="zhuhao" href="#416" id="408">〔4〕</a>爲名。復東行二日，至投身餧餓虎處<a class="zhuhao" href="#417" id="409">〔5〕</a>。此二處亦起大塔，皆衆寶校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#418" id="410">〔6〕</a>。諸國王﹑臣民，競<a class="zhuhao" href="#419" id="411">〔7〕</a>興供養，散華然燈，相繼不絶。通上二塔，彼方人亦名爲四大塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#420" id="412">〔8〕</a>也。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#405" id="413">〔1〕</a>竺刹尸羅：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">竺刹尸羅</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“糺尸羅國”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“竺刹尸羅國”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“竺糺尸羅國”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“刹尸羅國”。<span class="zhuanming">竺刹尸羅</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三之<span class="zhuanming">呾叉始羅國</span>，皆梵文Takṣasilā之音譯。其都城故址，據<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span><span class="shuming">大唐西域記の研究</span>卷上（246頁），在今<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>北部<span class="zhuanming">拉瓦爾品第</span>（Rawalpin-di）西北十餘哩之<span class="zhuanming">沙恩台里</span>（Shahanderi）東南附近，有<span class="zhuanming">錫爾卡帕</span>（Sirkap）古城遺址，即是。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#406" id="414">〔2〕</a>截頭：<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（32頁注2）云：<span class="zhuanming">竺刹尸羅</span>之梵文原名似由語根Taksa（義爲“建置”，引申之可解作“割碎”）加Sila（義爲“石頭”）合成。Sila不是Sira（義爲“頭”）。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>大約把Sila誤作Sira，把整個字義解作“截頭”。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>致誤之因，大約由於此地又有<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲菩薩時曾以頭施人之傳説而引起。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#407" id="415">〔3〕</a>以頭施人：關於以頭施人及下文投身餧餓虎之二神話傳説，分見<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>記<span class="zhuanming">乾陀羅國</span>及<span class="zhuanming">烏塲國</span>下，亦分見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="zhuanming">呾叉始羅國</span>及<span class="zhuanming">僧訶補羅國</span>下。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#408" id="416">〔4〕</a>以：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#409" id="417">〔5〕</a>投身餧餓虎處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“投身餝餧餓𧆞處”。<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>“虎”字亦作<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00033','1385113',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P33</span></i>“𧆞”。“餧”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“飼”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“餧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#410" id="418">〔6〕</a>校餝：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“校飾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#411" id="419">〔7〕</a>競：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“󵶂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#412" id="420">〔8〕</a>四大塔：即指前述之割肉貿鴿處塔﹑以眼施人處塔及此節之以頭施人處塔和投身餧虎處塔，合爲四大塔。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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（二）　智嚴法師傳
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124916" key="1124916"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （二）　智嚴法師傳 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124917" key="1124917"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00162','1385157',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P162</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000138">（二）　智嚴法師傳</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋智嚴</span>，不知何許人。弱冠出家，便以精勤著名，納衣宴坐，蔬食永歲。志欲廣求經法，遂周流<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>。進到<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2571" id="2569">〔1〕</a>，遇禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀羅</span>，志欲傳法<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，乃竭誠要請，<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>嘉其懇至，遂共東行。於是踰涉雪山，寒苦嶮絶，斵冰茹木，頻於危殆。綿歷數載，方達<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>。常依隨<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>，止於<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><span class="zhuanming">大寺</span>。頃者，<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>横爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>僧所擯，<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>與西來徒衆並分散出<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，仍憩<span class="zhuanming">山東</span>精舍，坐禪誦經，力精修學。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年，<span class="zhuanming">宋武帝</span>西伐<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，剋捷旋旆，塗出<span class="zhuanming">山東</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">始興公王恢</span>從駕，遊觀山川，至<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>精舍，見其同志三僧，各坐繩床，禪思湛然。<span class="zhuanming">恢</span>至，良久不覺。於是彈指，三人開眼，俄而還閉，不與交言。<span class="zhuanming">恢</span>心敬其奇，訪諸耆老，皆云：“此三僧隱居積年，未嘗出山。”<span class="zhuanming">恢</span>即啓<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>，延請還都，莫肯行者。屢請懇至，二人推<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>隨行。<span class="zhuanming">恢</span>道懷素篤，禮事甚備。還都即住<span class="zhuanming">始興寺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>性虚静，志避囂塵，<span class="zhuanming">恢</span>乃於東郊之際，更起精舍，即<span class="zhuanming">枳園寺</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>前還於<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，得梵本衆經，未及譯寫。到<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>四年，乃共沙<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00163','1385157',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P163</span></i>門<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>譯出<span class="shuming">普耀</span>﹑<span class="shuming">廣博嚴淨</span>及<span class="shuming">四天王</span>凡三部經。在寺不受别請，遠近道俗敬而服之。</span> </p><p> <span>其未出家時，嘗受五戒，有所虧犯，後入道受具足，常疑不得戒，每以爲懼。積年禪觀而不能自了，遂更汎海重到<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，諮諸明達。值羅漢比丘，具以事問羅漢，羅漢不敢判決，乃爲<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>入定，往<span class="zhuanming">兜率宫</span>諮<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>答稱：“得戒。”<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>大喜躍，於是步歸。行至<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，無疾而卒，時年七十八。外國之法，得道僧無常與凡僧别塟一處，<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>雖苦行絶倫，而時衆未判其得道信否。欲塟凡僧之墓，抗舉<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>喪，永不肯起，又益人衆，不動如初，衆咸驚怪。試改向得道墓所，於是四人輿之，行駛如風，遂得窆塟。後<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">智羽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">智達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">智遠</span>從<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>還<a class="zhuhao" href="#2572" id="2570">〔2〕</a>，報此消息訖，俱還外國。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五）</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2569" id="2571">〔1〕</a>進到罽賓：<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">釋智嚴傳</span>此下多一段文字，記<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>到<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>後，“入<span class="zhuanming">摩天陀羅精舍</span>，從<span class="zhuanming">佛馱先</span>比丘諮受禪法，漸染三年，功踰七載。<span class="zhuanming">佛馱先</span>見其禪思有緒，特深器異，彼諸道俗聞而歎曰：‘<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>地乃有求道沙門矣。’始不輕<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>類，敬接遠人。”以下再述要請<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀羅</span>東來事。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2570" id="2572">〔2〕</a>智羽智達智遠從西域還：<span class="shuming">頻伽本</span>作“智羽智達遠從西域還”；<span class="shuming">僧傳</span>作“智羽智遠故從西來”。<span class="zhuanming">智達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">智遠</span>當是一人。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
（七）　婆麤富羅律記
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124922" key="1124922"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （七）　婆麤富羅律記 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124923" key="1124923"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00171','587690',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P171</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000148">（七）　婆麤富羅律記</p><p> <span>婆麤富羅者，受持經典，皆説有我不説空相，猶如小兒，故名爲婆麤富羅，此一名<span class="shuming">僧祇律</span>。律後記云：<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>昔時暫有惡王御世，三藏比丘及諸沙門皆遠避四奔。惡王既死，善王更立，還請沙門歸國供養。時<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>有五百僧，欲斷事，既無律師，又闕律文，莫知承案。即遣使到<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span>，寫此律文，衆共奉行。其後五部傳集，諸律師執義不同，各以相承爲是，争論紛然。于時<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>言：“我今何以測其是非？”於是問僧：“佛法斷事云何？”皆言：“法應從多。”王言：“若爾，當行籌，知何衆多。”既而行籌，婆麤富羅衆籌甚多，以衆多故，改名摩訶僧祇，摩訶僧祇者，言大衆也。沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>遊<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提巴連弗邑</span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王塔天王精舍</span>寫得梵本，賷還<span class="zhuanming">京都</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">晉義熙</span>十二年歲次壽星十一月，共<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀</span>於<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>譯出，至十四年二月末乃訖。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷三）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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摩頭羅國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124926" key="1124926"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 摩頭羅國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124927" key="1124927"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00046','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P46</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000057">摩頭羅國</p><p> <span>過是諸處已，到一國，國名<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#696" id="635">〔1〕</a>。有<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#697" id="636">〔2〕</a>，河邊左右有二十僧伽藍，可有三千僧，佛法轉盛。</span> </p><p> <span>凡<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>已西，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國，國王皆<a class="zhuhao" href="#698" id="637">〔3〕</a>篤信佛法。供養衆僧時，則脱天冠，共諸宗親<a class="zhuhao" href="#699" id="638">〔4〕</a>﹑羣臣手自行食。行食已，鋪氊<a class="zhuhao" href="#700" id="639">〔5〕</a>於地，對上座<a class="zhuhao" href="#701" id="640">〔6〕</a>前坐，於衆僧前不敢坐床。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在世時諸王供養法式，相傳至今<a class="zhuhao" href="#702" id="641">〔7〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>從是以南，名爲<span class="zhuanming">中國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#703" id="642">〔8〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>寒暑調和，無霜﹑雪。人民殷樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#704" id="643">〔9〕</a>，無户籍官法，唯耕王地者乃輸<a class="zhuhao" href="#705" id="644">〔10〕</a>地利，欲去便去，欲住便住。王治不用刑罔<a class="zhuhao" href="#706" id="645">〔11〕</a>，有罪者但罰其錢，隨事輕重，雖復謀爲惡逆，不過截右手而已。王之侍衛﹑左右皆有供禄。舉國人民悉不殺生，不飲酒，不食葱䔉<a class="zhuhao" href="#707" id="646">〔12〕</a>，唯除旃荼羅<a class="zhuhao" href="#708" id="647">〔13〕</a>。旃荼羅名爲惡人，與人别居，若入城市則擊木<a class="zhuhao" href="#709" id="648">〔14〕</a>以自異，人則識而避之，不相唐突<a class="zhuhao" href="#710" id="649">〔15〕</a>。國中不養猪﹑雞，不賣生口，市無屠﹑酤<a class="zhuhao" href="#711" id="650">〔16〕</a>及估酒者<a class="zhuhao" href="#712" id="651">〔17〕</a>，貨易則用貝齒，唯旃<a class="zhuhao" href="#713" id="652">〔18〕</a>荼羅﹑獵師<a class="zhuhao" href="#714" id="653">〔19〕</a>賣<a class="zhuhao" href="#715" id="654">〔20〕</a><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00047','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P47</span></i>肉耳。</span> </p><p> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>般泥洹後，諸國王﹑長者﹑居士爲衆僧起精舍供養，供給<a class="zhuhao" href="#716" id="655">〔21〕</a>田宅﹑園圃<a class="zhuhao" href="#717" id="656">〔22〕</a>﹑民户﹑牛犢<a class="zhuhao" href="#718" id="657">〔23〕</a>，鐵券書録，後王王<a class="zhuhao" href="#719" id="658">〔24〕</a>相傳，無敢廢<a class="zhuhao" href="#720" id="659">〔25〕</a>者，至今不絶。衆僧住止<a class="zhuhao" href="#721" id="660">〔26〕</a>房舍﹑床褥<a class="zhuhao" href="#722" id="661">〔27〕</a>﹑飲食﹑衣服，都無缺乏<a class="zhuhao" href="#723" id="662">〔28〕</a>，處處皆爾。衆僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#724" id="663">〔29〕</a>常以作功德爲業，及誦經﹑坐禪<a class="zhuhao" href="#725" id="664">〔30〕</a>。客僧往到，舊僧迎逆<a class="zhuhao" href="#726" id="665">〔31〕</a>，代檐<a class="zhuhao" href="#727" id="666">〔32〕</a>衣鉢，給洗足水，塗足油，與非時漿<a class="zhuhao" href="#728" id="667">〔33〕</a>，須臾，息已，復間其臘數<a class="zhuhao" href="#729" id="668">〔34〕</a>，次第得房舍﹑卧具，種種如法。衆僧住處，作<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#730" id="669">〔35〕</a>塔﹑<span class="zhuanming">目連</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#731" id="670">〔36〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#732" id="671">〔37〕</a>塔，并阿毗曇<a class="zhuhao" href="#733" id="672">〔38〕</a>﹑律﹑經塔。安居後一月，諸希福之家勸化供養僧，作非時漿<a class="zhuhao" href="#734" id="673">〔39〕</a>。衆僧大會説法。説法已，供養<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>塔，種種香華<a class="zhuhao" href="#735" id="674">〔40〕</a>，通夜然燈。使彼人<a class="zhuhao" href="#736" id="675">〔41〕</a>作<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>本婆羅門<a class="zhuhao" href="#737" id="676">〔42〕</a>時詣<a class="zhuhao" href="#738" id="677">〔43〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>求出家。<span class="zhuanming">大目連</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#739" id="678">〔44〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#740" id="679">〔45〕</a>亦如是。諸比丘尼<a class="zhuhao" href="#741" id="680">〔46〕</a>多供養<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>塔，以<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>請<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#742" id="681">〔47〕</a>聽女人出家故。諸沙彌<a class="zhuhao" href="#743" id="682">〔48〕</a>多供養<span class="zhuanming">羅云</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#744" id="683">〔49〕</a>。阿毗曇師者，供養阿毗曇。律師者，供養律。年年一供養，各自有日。摩訶衍人<a class="zhuhao" href="#745" id="684">〔50〕</a>則供養般若婆羅蜜<a class="zhuhao" href="#746" id="685">〔51〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#747" id="686">〔52〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">觀世音</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#748" id="687">〔53〕</a>等。衆僧受歲竟，長者﹑居士﹑婆<a class="zhuhao" href="#749" id="688">〔54〕</a>羅門等各持<a class="zhuhao" href="#750" id="689">〔55〕</a>種種衣物﹑沙門所須，以布施僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#751" id="690">〔56〕</a>，衆僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#752" id="691">〔57〕</a>亦自各各布施。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹已來，聖衆所行威儀法則，相承不絶<a class="zhuhao" href="#753" id="692">〔58〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>自渡<a class="zhuhao" href="#754" id="693">〔59〕</a><span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span>，迄於<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>，四五萬里<a class="zhuhao" href="#755" id="694">〔60〕</a>，皆平坦，無大山川，正有河水<a class="zhuhao" href="#756" id="695">〔61〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00048','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P48</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#635" id="696">〔1〕</a>摩頭羅：梵文Mathurā之音譯，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四之<span class="zhuanming">秣兔羅國</span>。<span class="shuming">勞氏書</span>（107頁）云，此國都城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">馬土臘</span>（Muttra）西南五哩之<span class="zhuanming">馬霍里</span>（Maholi）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#636" id="697">〔2〕</a>有遥捕那河：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“又經捕那河”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“又經蒱那河”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“有遥捕那河”。此河即今<span class="zhuanming">馬土臘</span>城東之<span class="zhuanming">朱木拿河</span>（Jumna R.），古名Yamunā，<span class="shuming">中阿含經</span>卷八譯作<span class="zhuanming">摇无那河</span>（<span class="shuming">頻伽藏本</span>“无”字誤作“尤”），<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>卷八譯作<span class="zhuanming">遥扶那河</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五譯作<span class="zhuanming">閻牟那河</span>，其第一音節Ya或譯作“摇”，或譯作“遥”，或譯作“閻”，無省去者，故當以<span class="shuming">東本</span>等之作“有遥捕那河”者爲是，今據改。又，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>及<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>一般情況之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“有逕滿那般”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“又經蒲那河”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“又經蒲那般河”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“又逕捕那般河”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“又經捕那般河”；<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“又逕蒲那般河”。其中以<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>最接近<span class="shuming">東本法顯傳</span>。<span class="shuming">沈本</span>於“有逕滿那般”一句下注云：“此句有譌誤。‘有’當是‘又’；‘滿’當是‘蒲’，<span class="shuming">法濕傳</span>作‘捕’；‘般’字衍；……脱‘河’字。”<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>氏所言“滿”當是“蒲”（或“捕”），“般”字衍，脱“河”字，是也；<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>氏以爲“有”當作“又”，則非，“有”字不誤；又<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>氏未校出“逕”當是“遥”，形近致誤。蓋此句應即是“有遥蒲（或捕）那河”也。<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>雖亦有誤，但已改“般”爲“河”，而其後之<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>諸本仍誤加“般”字，<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>氏且謂<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>“亦脱般字”，可謂以誤爲不誤，以不誤爲誤矣。又，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此下未言<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>下游注入何水，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>則謂其“下合<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>”，實則<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>即今<span class="zhuanming">朱木拿河</span>，下游注入<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>而不注入<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏所詮釋者誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#637" id="698">〔3〕</a>皆：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#638" id="699">〔4〕</a>親：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>自“親”字下殘缺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#639" id="700">〔5〕</a>氊：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“栴”，乃“旃”之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#640" id="701">〔6〕</a>上座：衆僧中首席之意。<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“上坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#641" id="702">〔7〕</a>相傳至今：本傳自上文“凡<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>已西”至此句“相傳至今”爲止，共六十九字，而<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文簡寫作“自河以西，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國”八字，於是發生兩錯誤：其一，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>注“自河以西”之“河”字，承上句<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>“下合<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00049','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P49</span></i><span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>”而來，則此“河”字當指<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>，而非<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>原書所言<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>以西之<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>矣；其二，本傳於“<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國”一句下，尚有六十字描述<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國篤信佛法情況，而<span class="shuming">河水注</span>一字不提，則“自河以西，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國”八字所言何事，毫無歸宿，不可通矣。<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏引文，應不至如此。故疑今傳世各本<span class="shuming">水經注</span>此二句下當有佚文。按：此二句下祇要補加“國王皆篤信佛法”數字，即可不失<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>文原意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#642" id="703">〔8〕</a>中國：即<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>以<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>爲入<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>之始。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#643" id="704">〔9〕</a>人民殷樂：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，各本皆作“人民殷富”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#644" id="705">〔10〕</a>輸：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“輪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#645" id="706">〔11〕</a>刑罔：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“刑網”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“刑斬”。又，<span class="shuming">石本</span>於此二字下多出“有罪者但罰其錢隨事輕重雖不用刑網”十六字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#646" id="707">〔12〕</a>葱䔉：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“䓗䔉”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“葱蒜”。“葱”同“䓗”；“䔉”同“蒜”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#647" id="708">〔13〕</a>唯除旃荼羅：“唯除”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“唯唯”。“荼”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>均作“茶”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>及<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷二皆作“荼”，今據改。下同，旃荼羅爲梵文Caṇḍāla的音譯，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>舊來種姓制度下之最低級族類。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷二：“旃陀羅，此云屠者，正言旃荼（音途）羅，此云嚴熾，謂惡業自嚴。行時摇鈴，持竹爲幖幟，故若不尒者，王必罪之。<span class="zhuanming">法</span><span class="shuming">顯傳</span>云：名爲惡人，與人别居，入城市則擊竹自異，人則避之。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#648" id="709">〔14〕</a>擊木：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“擊水”；<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷二引<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>作“擊竹”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“擊木”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#649" id="710">〔15〕</a>唐突：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>作“湯突”，<span class="shuming">字音</span>並注云：“觸也，上正作盪（<span class="shuming">開本</span>作濫）。”<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“搪揬”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“唐揬”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#650" id="711">〔16〕</a>屠酤：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“屠估”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“屠沽”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“屠店”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“屠行”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>作“屠酤”，注云：“上音徒，屠，殺也；下音姑，與沽同，酤酒也。”今據<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#651" id="712">〔17〕</a>及估酒者：“估”，<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">律本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“酤”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“沽”。按：上句“市無屠酤”四字文意已足，此“及估酒者”四字疑衍。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#652" id="713">〔18〕</a>旃：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𥙡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#653" id="714">〔19〕</a>獵師：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“獦”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“漁獵師”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00050','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P50</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#654" id="715">〔20〕</a>賣：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“賈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#655" id="716">〔21〕</a>供養供給：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“供養”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“供給”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#656" id="717">〔22〕</a>園圃：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“國圃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#657" id="718">〔23〕</a>牛犢：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“牛櫝”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#658" id="719">〔24〕</a>後王王：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“後王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#659" id="720">〔25〕</a>廢：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“度”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#660" id="721">〔26〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“上”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#661" id="722">〔27〕</a>床褥：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“林蓐”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“牀蓐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#662" id="723">〔28〕</a>都無缺乏：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“都無渴乏”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“都无湯乏”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“都無闕乏”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#663" id="724">〔29〕</a>衆僧：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“衆”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#664" id="725">〔30〕</a>坐禪：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“以禪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#665" id="726">〔31〕</a>迎逆：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“迎送”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#666" id="727">〔32〕</a>檐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“擔”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#667" id="728">〔33〕</a>非時漿：佛教戒律以每日正午以前爲時，正午以後爲非時，時則食，非時則不得食。非時所飲穌油﹑蜜﹑石蜜﹑果漿等，稱爲非時漿。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#668" id="729">〔34〕</a>臘數：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“臈數”。即僧人歷年安居之次數也。參見前〔竭叉國〕節注〔15〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#669" id="730">〔35〕</a>舍利弗：梵文Sāriputra音譯<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗多羅</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。此下關於<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>塔等之供養，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四<span class="zhuanming">秣兔羅國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#670" id="731">〔36〕</a>目連：梵文Maudgalyāyana音譯<span class="zhuanming">目犍連延</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#671" id="732">〔37〕</a>阿難：已見前〔弗樓沙國〕節注〔3〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#672" id="733">〔38〕</a>阿毗曇：即阿毗達磨（論），與毗奈耶（律）﹑素呾纜（經），合稱三藏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#673" id="734">〔39〕</a>作非時漿：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“行非時漿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#674" id="735">〔40〕</a>香華：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“華香”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#675" id="736">〔41〕</a>彼人：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“伎樂人”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“伎人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#676" id="737">〔42〕</a>作舍利弗本婆羅門：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“作樂舍利弗本爲婆羅門”（“作樂”<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00051','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P51</span></i>以上<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>殘缺約四百字）；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“作舍利弗大婆羅門”。波羅門爲梵文Brāhmaṇa的音譯，在<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>舊來的階級社會中，居四族姓之首。<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span><span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷二十六云：“婆羅門，此俗人也，謂淨行高貴捨惡法之人，博學多聞者也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#677" id="738">〔43〕</a>詣：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“諸”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#678" id="739">〔44〕</a>大目連：即<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#679" id="740">〔45〕</a>大迦葉：梵文Mahākāsyapa音譯<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉波</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#680" id="741">〔46〕</a>比丘尼：梵文Bhikṣüṇī之音譯，亦作苾芻尼，女性的比丘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#681" id="742">〔47〕</a>世尊：梵文Bhagavat（音譯薄伽梵）的意譯，爲佛教徒對<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的尊稱之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#682" id="743">〔48〕</a>沙彌：舊以爲梵文Srāmaṇera的音譯之略，但<span class="zhuanming">烈維</span>以爲乃古代<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>語sanmir之音譯（見<span class="zhuanming">烈維</span><span class="shuming">所謂</span><span class="shuming">乙種吐火羅語即龜兹語考</span>41頁），當是。沙彌指依照戒律出家，已受十戒，但尚未受具足戒的男性修行者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#683" id="744">〔49〕</a>羅云：梵文Rāhula音譯<span class="zhuanming">羅睺羅</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之子，十五歲出家爲沙彌，爲佛教有沙彌之始，又爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#684" id="745">〔50〕</a>摩訶衍人：摩訶衍即摩訶衍那之略，摩訶衍人即大乘的宗信者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#685" id="746">〔51〕</a>般若波羅蜜：般若（梵文Prajñā音譯）義爲“智慧”，波羅蜜（梵文Pāramitā音譯）義爲“到彼岸”，般若波羅蜜即開智慧以到達涅槃解脱的彼岸之意。此處之般若波羅蜜，蓋指諸般若經。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#686" id="747">〔52〕</a>文殊師利：梵文Mañjusrī之音譯，佛教菩薩之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#687" id="748">〔53〕</a>觀世音：“觀”，<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“光”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“先”。<span class="zhuanming">觀世音</span>爲梵文Avalokitesvara的意譯，即<span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>，佛教菩薩之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#688" id="749">〔54〕</a>婆：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“波”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#689" id="750">〔55〕</a>持：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“將”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#690" id="751">〔56〕</a>以布施僧：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“以用布施衆僧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#691" id="752">〔57〕</a>衆僧：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“僧受”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#692" id="753">〔58〕</a>絶：<span class="zhuanming">鎌本</span>作“施”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“紀”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#693" id="754">〔59〕</a>渡：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#694" id="755">〔60〕</a>四五萬里：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“四萬<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00052','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P52</span></i>里”；又<span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，各本皆在此句下加“也”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#695" id="756">〔61〕</a>正有河水：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“正有河水耳”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“正有何水”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“上有河水”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“止有河水耳”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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僧伽施國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124930" key="1124930"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 僧伽施國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124931" key="1124931"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00052','1385119',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P52</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000059">僧伽施國</p><p> <span>從此東南行十八由延，有國名<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#811" id="757">〔1〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>上忉利天<a class="zhuhao" href="#812" id="758">〔2〕</a>三月爲母説法來下處<a class="zhuhao" href="#813" id="759">〔3〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>上忉利天，以神通力，都不使諸弟子知<a class="zhuhao" href="#814" id="760">〔4〕</a>。未滿<a class="zhuhao" href="#815" id="761">〔5〕</a>七日，乃<a class="zhuhao" href="#816" id="762">〔6〕</a>放神足。<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#817" id="763">〔7〕</a>以天眼遥見<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，即語尊者<span class="zhuanming">大目連</span>，汝可往問訊<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>即往，頭面禮足，共相問訊。問訊已，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>語<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>：“吾却後七日，當下<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>。”<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>既還，于時八國大王及諸臣民，不見<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>久，咸皆渴仰，雲集此國以待<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅比丘尼</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#818" id="764">〔8〕</a>即自心念：“今日國王﹑臣民皆當奉迎<span class="zhuanming">佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#819" id="765">〔9〕</a>，我是女人，何由得先見<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>？”即以神足，化作<span class="zhuanming">轉輪聖王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#820" id="766">〔10〕</a>，最前禮<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>從忉利天上東向下<a class="zhuhao" href="#821" id="767">〔11〕</a>。下時，化作三道寶階：<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在中道七寶階上行；<span class="zhuanming">梵天王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#822" id="768">〔12〕</a>亦化作白銀階，在右邊執白拂而侍；<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>化作紫金階，在左邊執七寶蓋而侍。諸天無數從<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>下<a class="zhuhao" href="#823" id="769">〔13〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>既下<a class="zhuhao" href="#824" id="770">〔14〕</a>，三階俱没於地，餘有七級現<a class="zhuhao" href="#825" id="771">〔15〕</a>。後<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>欲知其<a class="zhuhao" href="#826" id="772">〔16〕</a>根際，遣人掘看，下至黄泉，根猶不盡。王益信敬<a class="zhuhao" href="#827" id="773">〔17〕</a>，即於階上起精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#828" id="774">〔18〕</a>，當中階作丈六立像，精舍後立石柱，高三十肘<a class="zhuhao" href="#829" id="775">〔19〕</a>，上作師子，柱内四邊有佛像，内外暎徹，淨若琉璃<a class="zhuhao" href="#830" id="776">〔20〕</a>。有外道<a class="zhuhao" href="#831" id="777">〔21〕</a>論師與沙門諍此<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00053','1385119',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P53</span></i>住處，時沙門理屈，於是共立誓言：“此處若是沙門住處者，今當<a class="zhuhao" href="#832" id="778">〔22〕</a>有靈驗<a class="zhuhao" href="#833" id="779">〔23〕</a>。”作是言已，柱頭師子乃大鳴吼見證<a class="zhuhao" href="#834" id="780">〔24〕</a>，於是外道懼怖，心伏<a class="zhuhao" href="#835" id="781">〔25〕</a>而退。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>以受天食三月故，身作天香，不同世人。即便浴身，後人於此處起浴室，浴室猶在。<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅比丘尼</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#836" id="782">〔26〕</a>初禮<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>處今亦起塔。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在世時，有翦髮﹑爪作塔，及過去三<span class="zhuanming">佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#837" id="783">〔27〕</a>并<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#838" id="784">〔28〕</a>坐處﹑經行<a class="zhuhao" href="#839" id="785">〔29〕</a>處，及作諸佛形象處<a class="zhuhao" href="#840" id="786">〔30〕</a>，盡有塔，今悉在。<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梵天王</span>從<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>下處亦起塔。</span> </p><p> <span>此處僧及尼可有千人，皆同衆食，雜大﹑小乘學。</span> </p><p> <span>住處一<a class="zhuhao" href="#841" id="787">〔31〕</a>白<a class="zhuhao" href="#842" id="788">〔32〕</a>耳龍，與此衆僧作檀越，令國内<a class="zhuhao" href="#843" id="789">〔33〕</a>豐熟，雨澤以時，無諸災害，使衆僧得安。衆僧感其惠<a class="zhuhao" href="#844" id="790">〔34〕</a>，故爲作龍舍，敷置<a class="zhuhao" href="#845" id="791">〔35〕</a>坐處，又爲龍設<a class="zhuhao" href="#846" id="792">〔36〕</a>福食供養。衆僧日日<a class="zhuhao" href="#847" id="793">〔37〕</a>衆中别差三人，到龍舍中食。每至夏坐訖，龍輒化形作一小蛇<a class="zhuhao" href="#848" id="794">〔38〕</a>，兩耳邊白。衆僧識之，銅杅<a class="zhuhao" href="#849" id="795">〔39〕</a>盛酪，以龍置中。從上座至下座<a class="zhuhao" href="#850" id="796">〔40〕</a>行之，似若問訊，遍便化去，年年<a class="zhuhao" href="#851" id="797">〔41〕</a>一出。</span> </p><p> <span>其國豐饒，人民熾盛，最樂無比。諸國人來，無不經理，供給所須。</span> </p><p> <span>寺北五十由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#852" id="798">〔42〕</a>，有一寺名<span class="zhuanming">火境</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#853" id="799">〔43〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">火境</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#854" id="800">〔44〕</a>者，惡鬼名也。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>本化是惡鬼。後人於此處起精舍，以精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#855" id="801">〔45〕</a>布施<span class="zhuanming">阿羅漢</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#856" id="802">〔46〕</a>，以水灌手，水瀝滴地<a class="zhuhao" href="#857" id="803">〔47〕</a>，其處故在。正復掃除，常現不滅。此處别有佛塔，善鬼神常掃灑，初不須人工<a class="zhuhao" href="#858" id="804">〔48〕</a>。有邪見<a class="zhuhao" href="#859" id="805">〔49〕</a>國王言“汝能如<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00054','1385119',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P54</span></i>是者，我當多將兵衆住此，益積糞穢，汝復能除不？”鬼神即起大風，吹之令淨。此處有百枚小塔。人終日<a class="zhuhao" href="#860" id="806">〔50〕</a>數之，不能得知。若至意欲知者，便一塔邊置<a class="zhuhao" href="#861" id="807">〔51〕</a>一人已，復計數人。人或多或少，其不可得知。有一僧伽藍，可六七百僧。此中有辟支佛食處﹑泥洹地<a class="zhuhao" href="#862" id="808">〔52〕</a>，大如車輪。餘處生草，此處獨不生。及曬衣地處，亦不生草。衣條著地跡，今故現在。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>住<a class="zhuhao" href="#863" id="809">〔53〕</a>龍精舍夏坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#864" id="810">〔54〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#757" id="811">〔1〕</a>僧伽施：“伽”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“迦”。<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施</span>（Sankāsya）即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四之<span class="zhuanming">劫比他</span>（Kapitha）。<span class="shuming">西域記</span>舊注云，<span class="zhuanming">劫比他</span>國“舊謂<span class="zhuanming">僧迦舍國</span>”，<span class="zhuanming">僧迦舍</span>即<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施</span>之異譯。此國都城故址，<span class="shuming">瓦氏書</span>卷一（335頁）引<span class="zhuanming">克寧漢</span>説，謂在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">法魯哈巴德區</span>（Farrukhābād）之<span class="zhuanming">桑吉沙村</span>（Sankisa）。據<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（62頁注〔1〕）云，此村位於<span class="zhuanming">法魯哈巴德城</span>以西<span class="zhuanming">喀里河</span>（Kali Nada，亦作Kali Nadi）上，距<span class="zhuanming">法魯哈巴德城</span>二十五哩。此説爲一般所採用。唯<span class="zhuanming">史密斯</span>（Vincent A.Smith）<span class="shuming">玄奘行程記</span>（The Itinerary of Yuan-chwang338頁）以爲此國都城故址應在<span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">伊塔區</span>（Etah）東北角之<span class="zhuanming">巴的里</span>（Patiālī）附近（載<span class="shuming">瓦氏書</span>卷二，以下簡稱<span class="shuming">史氏記</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">桑吉沙村</span>在<span class="zhuanming">馬土臘</span>之東南，其説較可從。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施國</span>之記載，各本“伽”字皆作“迦”。<span class="shuming">河水注</span>又稱：“<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>東南流逕<span class="zhuanming">僧迦施國</span>南。”<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏誤也。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>無此語；且<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>流經<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施國</span>之北，非經其南。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#758" id="812">〔2〕</a>忉利天：忉利天爲梵文Trayastriṃsa音譯之略，即三十三天。佛教神話傳説中的天。<span class="zhuanming">慧苑</span><span class="shuming">新譯大方廣佛華嚴經音義</span>上曰：“忉利，梵言，正云怛唎耶怛唎奢。言怛唎耶者此云三也，怛唎奢者十三也。謂<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>頂四方各有八天城，當中有一天城，<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>所居，總數有三十三處，故從處立名<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00055','1385119',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P55</span></i>也。”（按：<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>即<span class="zhuanming">蘇迷盧山</span>，已見前）。以下<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲母説法後從忉利天下降﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>立石柱﹑<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅比丘尼</span>最前禮<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>﹑過去三<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>並<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文佛</span>坐處﹑經行處﹑及關於龍之諸神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四<span class="zhuanming">劫比他國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#759" id="813">〔3〕</a>佛上忉利天三月爲母説法來下處：“三月”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“三日”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“三月”，今據改。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文對此改寫作“佛自忉利天東下三道寶階爲母説法處”。<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注云：“按<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>先叙<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>上忉利天，後叙下三道寶階，據<span class="shuming">佛昇忉利天爲母説法經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在忉利天三月安居，爲母<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>説法，<span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>知<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>當下，使鬼神作三道寶階，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>下躡寶階，爲<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>所本。<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏先言下三道寶階，後言爲母説法，嫌倒置。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#760" id="814">〔4〕</a>知：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“如”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#761" id="815">〔5〕</a>未滿：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“來滿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#762" id="816">〔6〕</a>乃：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“及”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#763" id="817">〔7〕</a>阿那律：梵文Anuruddha之音譯，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之從弟，又爲他的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#764" id="818">〔8〕</a>優鉢羅比丘尼：<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅</span>爲梵文Utpala之音譯。<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅比丘尼</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四作<span class="zhuanming">蓮花色苾芻尼</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#765" id="819">〔9〕</a>皆當奉迎佛：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“佛”字；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無“奉”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#766" id="820">〔10〕</a>轉輪聖王：亦作轉輪王﹑輪王，皆爲梵文Cakravartin之意譯。佛教傳説中神化了的國王，並以爲有金﹑銀﹑銅﹑鐵等四輪王之别，其中金輪王統治<span class="zhuanming">毘提訶洲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">贍部洲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瞿陀尼洲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">拘盧洲</span>等四天下（參見前〔弗樓沙國〕節注〔15〕）；銀輪王統治三天下（除去拘盧洲）；銅輪王統治二天下（再除去<span class="zhuanming">瞿陀尼洲</span>）；鐵輪王僅統治一天下即<span class="zhuanming">贍部洲</span>（亦譯作<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提洲</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#767" id="821">〔11〕</a>東向下：“東”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“來”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>皆作“東”；今據改。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“東下”，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四亦言三寶階“南北列，東面下”，可見作“東”字是。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#768" id="822">〔12〕</a>梵天王：佛教神話世界的三界（欲界﹑色界﹑無色界）中的色界，又分爲若干天，其中有一天之天王稱爲<span class="zhuanming">大梵天王</span>（Mahā Brahmā）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#769" id="823">〔13〕</a>諸天無數從佛下：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“諸天無數從佛”；<span class="shuming">麗<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00056','1385119',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P56</span></i>本</span>作“諸天無數從佛來下”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#770" id="824">〔14〕</a>佛既下：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“既下”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“即下”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#771" id="825">〔15〕</a>七級現：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“七七級現”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“七級而現”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#772" id="826">〔16〕</a>其：<span class="shuming">院本</span>無“其”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#773" id="827">〔17〕</a>信敬：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“敬信”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#774" id="828">〔18〕</a>即於階上起精舍：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文作“阿育王於寶階處作塔，後作石柱”云云，不言起精舍。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#775" id="829">〔19〕</a>肘：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二：“窮微之數，分一踰繕那爲八拘盧舍。拘盧舍者，謂大牛鳴聲所極聞，稱拘盧舍。分一拘盧舍爲五百弓，分一弓爲四肘，分一肘爲二十四指（<span class="zhuanming">崛謙德</span><span class="shuming">解説西域記</span>113頁以爲此處應補“分一指爲三指節”七字），分一指節爲七宿麥……。”<span class="zhuanming">翻譯名義集</span>卷三：“一肘，人一尺八寸，佛三尺六寸。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#776" id="830">〔20〕</a>琉璃：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“瑠璃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#777" id="831">〔21〕</a>外道：佛教稱其他宗教或學説爲外道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#778" id="832">〔22〕</a>當：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>自此字下殘缺至〔王舍新城䓑沙王舊城〕節<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>之“耆”字止。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#779" id="833">〔23〕</a>靈驗：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“露驗”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#780" id="834">〔24〕</a>見證：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“見驗”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#781" id="835">〔25〕</a>懼怖心伏：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“懼怖心服”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“慴怖心伏”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“怖效心誠”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>據<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>改作“怖懼心伏”。<span class="shuming">全本</span>注曰：“按：<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作‘怖效心誠’，<span class="shuming">吴本</span>改作‘怖懼心伏’，而<span class="shuming">朱本</span>從之，以其與<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>合也。然古人之文，不必盡同，<span class="shuming">黄本</span>自通。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#782" id="836">〔26〕</a>優鉢羅比丘尼：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“復鉢羅比丘丘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#783" id="837">〔27〕</a>過去三佛：佛教認爲在<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>以前就有成佛的，其前六代的佛名是：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（1）<span class="zhuanming">毗婆尸佛</span>（Vipasyin），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（2）<span class="zhuanming">尸棄佛</span>（Sikhin），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（3）<span class="zhuanming">毗舍浮佛</span>（Visvabhū），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（4）<span class="zhuanming">拘樓秦佛</span>（Krakucchanda），</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00057','1385119',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P57</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（5）<span class="zhuanming">拘那含牟尼佛</span>（Kanakamuni），</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（6）<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>（Kāsyapa）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">以上六代成佛者，連同（7）<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>稱爲過去七佛；其中（4）（5）（6）（7）合稱過去四佛；（4）（5）（6）合稱過去三佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#784" id="838">〔28〕</a>釋迦文佛：即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#785" id="839">〔29〕</a>經行：即以養身爲目的之散步也。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷三云：“五<span class="zhuanming">天</span>之地，道俗多作經行，直去直來，唯遵一路，隨時適性，勿居鬧處。一則痊痾，二能銷食。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#786" id="840">〔30〕</a>處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#787" id="841">〔31〕</a>一：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“有一”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#788" id="842">〔32〕</a>白：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“日”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#789" id="843">〔33〕</a>國内：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#790" id="844">〔34〕</a>惠：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“慧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#791" id="845">〔35〕</a>置：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015203db6r.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>”。下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#792" id="846">〔36〕</a>設：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“説”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#793" id="847">〔37〕</a>日日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“昌”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#794" id="848">〔38〕</a>小蛇：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“乘蛇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#795" id="849">〔39〕</a>銅杅：“杅”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“盂”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>作“杅”，今據改。杅﹑盂字通。<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“銅𥁄”（𥁄即盂字），注云：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>“作杅，俗字也”。可見<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本作“杅”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#796" id="850">〔40〕</a>上座至下座：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“上坐至下坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#797" id="851">〔41〕</a>年年：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“每年”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#798" id="852">〔42〕</a>寺北五十由延：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“等北寺五十由延”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“寺西北五十由延”。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（82頁）云：“寺北五十由延或係誤記。又<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>未見關於<span class="zhuanming">火境</span>之記事，所言殊怪異莫明，尤其所言往返五十由延歸龍舍夏坐事，實難信憑，或者彼所記者係傳聞耶？”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#799" id="853">〔43〕</a>火境：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“大墳”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#800" id="854">〔44〕</a>火境：同上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#801" id="855">〔45〕</a>以精舍：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>無此三字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#802" id="856">〔46〕</a>阿羅漢：即羅漢，已見前。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00058','1385119',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P58</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#803" id="857">〔47〕</a>水瀝滴地：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“水”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#804" id="858">〔48〕</a>人工：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“人功”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#805" id="859">〔49〕</a>邪見：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“耶見”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#806" id="860">〔50〕</a>終日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“衆日”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#807" id="861">〔51〕</a>置：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“量”，後同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#808" id="862">〔52〕</a>泥洹地：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“泥地”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#809" id="863">〔53〕</a>住：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“在”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#810" id="864">〔54〕</a>夏坐：<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施國</span>龍精舍之夏坐，爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後第六年即公元404年之夏坐。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
（九）　參考書目
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124934" key="1124934"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 &gt; （九）　參考書目 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124935" key="1124935"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00174','587692',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P174</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000151">（九）　參考書目</p><p> <span>説明：</span> </p><p> <span>〔1〕凡前在“校注説明”中已開列各書，在此參考書目中不再複出。</span> </p><p> <span>〔2〕對於藏經中所收釋典，其書名下注有（頻）字者，係用<span class="shuming">頻伽精舍校刊大藏經</span>本；兼注（磧﹑頻）二字者，兼用<span class="shuming">影印宋磧砂藏經</span>本及<span class="shuming">頻伽藏</span>本。</span> </p><p> <span>出三藏記集　梁僧祐撰（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>衆經目録　隋法經等撰（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>歷代三寶紀　隋費長房撰（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>大唐内典録　唐道宣撰（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>古今譯經圖紀　唐靖邁撰（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>開元釋教録　唐智昇撰（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>貞元新定釋教目録　唐圓照撰（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>高僧傳　梁慧皎撰（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>續高僧傳　唐道宣撰（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>弘明集　梁僧祐撰（四部叢刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>廣弘明集　唐道宣撰（四部叢刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>法苑珠林　唐道世撰（頻）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00175','587692',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P175</span></i><p> <span>翻譯名義集　宋法雲編（四部叢刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>一切經音義　唐玄應撰（叢書集成本）</span> </p><p> <span>新譯大方廣佛華嚴經音義　唐慧苑述（磧）</span> </p><p> <span>釋氏要覽　宋道誠集（大正藏第五十四卷）</span> </p><p> <span>佛説大般泥洹經　東晉法顯等譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>佛説雜藏經　東晉法顯譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>摩訶僧祇律　東晉佛陀跋陀羅共法顯譯（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>摩訶僧祇比丘尼戒本　東晉法顯共覺賢譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>大般涅槃經　東晉法顯（？）譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>洛陽伽藍記校釋　周祖謨校釋（科學出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>宋雲行紀箋註（載西域南海史地考證譯叢六編）沙畹（E.Cha-vanens）著　馮承鈞譯（中華書局）</span> </p><p> <span>大唐西域記　章巽校點本（上海人民出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>大慈恩寺三藏法師傳　唐慧立本　彦悰箋（日本景印高麗藏本﹑支那内學院校本）</span> </p><p> <span>釋迦方志　唐道宣撰（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>南海寄歸内法傳　唐義淨撰（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>大唐西域求法高僧傳　唐義淨撰（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>大唐西域求法高僧傳　日本足立喜六譯註本（岩波書店）</span> </p><p> <span>慧超往五天竺國傳　日本藤田豐八箋釋本（泉壽東文書藏校印）</span> </p><p> <span>大寶積經　唐菩提流志譯集（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>六度集經　吴康僧會譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>佛昇忉利天爲母説法經　西晉竺法護譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>妙法蓮華經　後秦鳩摩羅什譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>增一阿含經　東晉瞿曇僧伽提婆譯（頻）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00176','587692',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P176</span></i><p> <span>中阿含經　東晉瞿曇僧伽提婆譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>佛説長阿含經　後秦佛陀耶舍共竺佛念譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>雜阿含經　劉宋求那跋陀羅譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>佛本行集經　隋闍那崛多譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>彌沙塞部和醯五分律　劉宋佛陀什共竺道生等譯（磧﹑頻）</span> </p><p> <span>根本説一切有部毗奈耶雜事　唐義淨譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>善見律毗婆沙　蕭齊僧伽跋陀羅譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>瑜伽師地論　唐玄奘譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>大智度論　後秦鳩摩羅什譯（頻﹑大正藏第二十五卷）</span> </p><p> <span>阿毗達磨俱舍論　唐玄奘譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>雜阿毗曇心論　劉宋僧伽跋摩等譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>異部宗輪論　唐玄奘譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>阿育王傳　西晉安法欽譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>阿育王經　梁僧伽婆羅譯（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>集神州三寶感通録　唐道宣撰（頻）</span> </p><p> <span>歷代藏經考略　葉恭綽撰（載張菊生先生七十生日紀念論文集）（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>毛詩正義　（阮刻十三經注疏本）</span> </p><p> <span>春秋左傳正義　（阮刻十三經注疏本）</span> </p><p> <span>孟子注疏　（阮刻十三經注疏本）</span> </p><p> <span>史記　（商務印書館百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>漢書　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>後漢書　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>三國志　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>晉書　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>魏書　（百衲本）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00177','587692',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P177</span></i><p> <span>周書　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>隋書　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>北史　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>舊唐書　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>新唐書　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>宋史　（百衲本）</span> </p><p> <span>清史稿　（清史館鉛字排印本）</span> </p><p> <span>資治通鑑　（胡克家刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>通典　唐杜佑撰（萬有文庫本）</span> </p><p> <span>十六國春秋輯補　湯球撰（廣雅書局刊）</span> </p><p> <span>十六國春秋纂録校本　湯球撰（廣雅書局刊）</span> </p><p> <span>文選　（胡克家刻本）</span> </p><p> <span>初學記　唐徐堅等撰（嘉靖晉府重刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>太平御覽　宋李昉等撰（四部叢刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>説郛　張宗祥輯明鈔本（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>括地志　孫星衍輯本（岱南閣叢書）</span> </p><p> <span>元和郡縣圖志　唐李吉甫撰（叢書集成本）</span> </p><p> <span>太平寰宇記　宋樂史撰（金陵書局本）</span> </p><p> <span>欽定皇輿西域圖志　（杭州便益書局石印本）</span> </p><p> <span>嘉慶重修一統志　（商務印書館景印本）</span> </p><p> <span>道光敦煌縣志</span> </p><p> <span>楚辭　（四部叢刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>淮南鴻烈集解　劉文典撰（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>齊民要術　後魏賈思勰撰（四部叢刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>酉陽雜俎　唐段成式撰（四部叢刊本）</span> </p><p> <span>諸蕃志校注　馮承鈞撰（中華書局）</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00178','587692',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P178</span></i><p> <span>塔里木盆地考古記　黄文弼著（科學出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>吐魯番考古記　黄文弼著（中國科學院）</span> </p><p> <span>觀堂集林　王國維著（中華書局）</span> </p><p> <span>往日雜稿　湯用彤著（中華書局）</span> </p><p> <span>歷代求法翻經録　馮承鈞著（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>西域之佛教　羽溪了諦著　賀昌羣譯（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>中印文化關係史論叢　季羡林著（人民出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>正法念處經閻浮提洲地誌勘校録　烈維（Sylvain Lévi）著　馮承鈞譯（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>西域南海史地考證論著彙輯　馮承鈞撰（中華書局）</span> </p><p> <span>吐火羅語考　列維等著　馮承鈞譯（中華書局）</span> </p><p> <span>西突厥史料　沙畹著　馮承鈞譯（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>我國古代的海上交通　章巽著（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>交廣印度兩道考　伯希和（Paul Pelliot）著　馮承鈞譯（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>蘇門答剌古國考　費瑯（G.Ferrand）著　馮承鈞譯（商務印書館）</span> </p><p> <span>我的探險生活　斯文·赫定（Sven A.Hedin）著　孫仲寬譯（西北科學考查團印行）</span> </p><p> <span>中亞古國史　麥高文（William Montgomery McGovern）著章巽譯（中華書局）</span> </p><p> <span>R.C.Majumdar（General Etitor）：The History and Culture of the In-dian people，vols.Ⅱ，Ⅲ.Bombay.</span> </p><p> <span>B-C.Law：Historical Geography of Ancient India.Calcutta.</span> </p><p> <span>W.W.Rockhill：The Life of the Buddha.London.</span> </p><p> <span>Thomas Watters：On Yuan Chwang’s Travels in India，629—645A.<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00179','587692',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P179</span></i>D.London.</span> </p><p> <span>解説西域記　堀謙德撰（東京文榮閣）</span> </p><p> <span>大唐西域記の研究　足立喜六著（東京法藏館）</span> </p><p> <span>佛學大辭典　丁福保編（上海醫學書局）</span> </p><p> <span>西域地名　馮承鈞編（陸峻嶺增訂本，中華書局）</span> </p><p> <span>中華人民共和國地圖集（地圖出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>世界地圖集（地圖出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>中國歷史地圖集　顧頡剛﹑章巽編（地圖出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>水經注圖　楊守敬編（觀海堂刊）</span> </p><p> <span>古航海圖考釋　章巽編（海洋出版社）</span> </p><p> <span>Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas.Bielefeld und Leipzig.</span> </p><p> <span>Philips’Record Atlas.London.</span> </p><p> <span>Road Map of India.</span> </p><p> <span>R.R.Sellman：An Outline Atlas of Eastern History.London.</span> </p><p> <span>William R.Shepherd：Historical Atlas.New York.</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
三　中天竺、東天竺記遊
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124938" key="1124938"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124927" key="1124927"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00046','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P46</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000057">摩頭羅國</p><p> <span>過是諸處已，到一國，國名<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#696" id="635">〔1〕</a>。有<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#697" id="636">〔2〕</a>，河邊左右有二十僧伽藍，可有三千僧，佛法轉盛。</span> </p><p> <span>凡<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>已西，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國，國王皆<a class="zhuhao" href="#698" id="637">〔3〕</a>篤信佛法。供養衆僧時，則脱天冠，共諸宗親<a class="zhuhao" href="#699" id="638">〔4〕</a>﹑羣臣手自行食。行食已，鋪氊<a class="zhuhao" href="#700" id="639">〔5〕</a>於地，對上座<a class="zhuhao" href="#701" id="640">〔6〕</a>前坐，於衆僧前不敢坐床。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在世時諸王供養法式，相傳至今<a class="zhuhao" href="#702" id="641">〔7〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>從是以南，名爲<span class="zhuanming">中國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#703" id="642">〔8〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>寒暑調和，無霜﹑雪。人民殷樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#704" id="643">〔9〕</a>，無户籍官法，唯耕王地者乃輸<a class="zhuhao" href="#705" id="644">〔10〕</a>地利，欲去便去，欲住便住。王治不用刑罔<a class="zhuhao" href="#706" id="645">〔11〕</a>，有罪者但罰其錢，隨事輕重，雖復謀爲惡逆，不過截右手而已。王之侍衛﹑左右皆有供禄。舉國人民悉不殺生，不飲酒，不食葱䔉<a class="zhuhao" href="#707" id="646">〔12〕</a>，唯除旃荼羅<a class="zhuhao" href="#708" id="647">〔13〕</a>。旃荼羅名爲惡人，與人别居，若入城市則擊木<a class="zhuhao" href="#709" id="648">〔14〕</a>以自異，人則識而避之，不相唐突<a class="zhuhao" href="#710" id="649">〔15〕</a>。國中不養猪﹑雞，不賣生口，市無屠﹑酤<a class="zhuhao" href="#711" id="650">〔16〕</a>及估酒者<a class="zhuhao" href="#712" id="651">〔17〕</a>，貨易則用貝齒，唯旃<a class="zhuhao" href="#713" id="652">〔18〕</a>荼羅﹑獵師<a class="zhuhao" href="#714" id="653">〔19〕</a>賣<a class="zhuhao" href="#715" id="654">〔20〕</a><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00047','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P47</span></i>肉耳。</span> </p><p> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>般泥洹後，諸國王﹑長者﹑居士爲衆僧起精舍供養，供給<a class="zhuhao" href="#716" id="655">〔21〕</a>田宅﹑園圃<a class="zhuhao" href="#717" id="656">〔22〕</a>﹑民户﹑牛犢<a class="zhuhao" href="#718" id="657">〔23〕</a>，鐵券書録，後王王<a class="zhuhao" href="#719" id="658">〔24〕</a>相傳，無敢廢<a class="zhuhao" href="#720" id="659">〔25〕</a>者，至今不絶。衆僧住止<a class="zhuhao" href="#721" id="660">〔26〕</a>房舍﹑床褥<a class="zhuhao" href="#722" id="661">〔27〕</a>﹑飲食﹑衣服，都無缺乏<a class="zhuhao" href="#723" id="662">〔28〕</a>，處處皆爾。衆僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#724" id="663">〔29〕</a>常以作功德爲業，及誦經﹑坐禪<a class="zhuhao" href="#725" id="664">〔30〕</a>。客僧往到，舊僧迎逆<a class="zhuhao" href="#726" id="665">〔31〕</a>，代檐<a class="zhuhao" href="#727" id="666">〔32〕</a>衣鉢，給洗足水，塗足油，與非時漿<a class="zhuhao" href="#728" id="667">〔33〕</a>，須臾，息已，復間其臘數<a class="zhuhao" href="#729" id="668">〔34〕</a>，次第得房舍﹑卧具，種種如法。衆僧住處，作<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#730" id="669">〔35〕</a>塔﹑<span class="zhuanming">目連</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#731" id="670">〔36〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#732" id="671">〔37〕</a>塔，并阿毗曇<a class="zhuhao" href="#733" id="672">〔38〕</a>﹑律﹑經塔。安居後一月，諸希福之家勸化供養僧，作非時漿<a class="zhuhao" href="#734" id="673">〔39〕</a>。衆僧大會説法。説法已，供養<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>塔，種種香華<a class="zhuhao" href="#735" id="674">〔40〕</a>，通夜然燈。使彼人<a class="zhuhao" href="#736" id="675">〔41〕</a>作<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>本婆羅門<a class="zhuhao" href="#737" id="676">〔42〕</a>時詣<a class="zhuhao" href="#738" id="677">〔43〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>求出家。<span class="zhuanming">大目連</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#739" id="678">〔44〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#740" id="679">〔45〕</a>亦如是。諸比丘尼<a class="zhuhao" href="#741" id="680">〔46〕</a>多供養<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>塔，以<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>請<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#742" id="681">〔47〕</a>聽女人出家故。諸沙彌<a class="zhuhao" href="#743" id="682">〔48〕</a>多供養<span class="zhuanming">羅云</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#744" id="683">〔49〕</a>。阿毗曇師者，供養阿毗曇。律師者，供養律。年年一供養，各自有日。摩訶衍人<a class="zhuhao" href="#745" id="684">〔50〕</a>則供養般若婆羅蜜<a class="zhuhao" href="#746" id="685">〔51〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#747" id="686">〔52〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">觀世音</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#748" id="687">〔53〕</a>等。衆僧受歲竟，長者﹑居士﹑婆<a class="zhuhao" href="#749" id="688">〔54〕</a>羅門等各持<a class="zhuhao" href="#750" id="689">〔55〕</a>種種衣物﹑沙門所須，以布施僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#751" id="690">〔56〕</a>，衆僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#752" id="691">〔57〕</a>亦自各各布施。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹已來，聖衆所行威儀法則，相承不絶<a class="zhuhao" href="#753" id="692">〔58〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>自渡<a class="zhuhao" href="#754" id="693">〔59〕</a><span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span>，迄於<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>，四五萬里<a class="zhuhao" href="#755" id="694">〔60〕</a>，皆平坦，無大山川，正有河水<a class="zhuhao" href="#756" id="695">〔61〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00048','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P48</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#635" id="696">〔1〕</a>摩頭羅：梵文Mathurā之音譯，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四之<span class="zhuanming">秣兔羅國</span>。<span class="shuming">勞氏書</span>（107頁）云，此國都城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">馬土臘</span>（Muttra）西南五哩之<span class="zhuanming">馬霍里</span>（Maholi）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#636" id="697">〔2〕</a>有遥捕那河：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“又經捕那河”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“又經蒱那河”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“有遥捕那河”。此河即今<span class="zhuanming">馬土臘</span>城東之<span class="zhuanming">朱木拿河</span>（Jumna R.），古名Yamunā，<span class="shuming">中阿含經</span>卷八譯作<span class="zhuanming">摇无那河</span>（<span class="shuming">頻伽藏本</span>“无”字誤作“尤”），<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>卷八譯作<span class="zhuanming">遥扶那河</span>，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五譯作<span class="zhuanming">閻牟那河</span>，其第一音節Ya或譯作“摇”，或譯作“遥”，或譯作“閻”，無省去者，故當以<span class="shuming">東本</span>等之作“有遥捕那河”者爲是，今據改。又，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>及<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>一般情況之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“有逕滿那般”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“又經蒲那河”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“又經蒲那般河”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“又逕捕那般河”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“又經捕那般河”；<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“又逕蒲那般河”。其中以<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>最接近<span class="shuming">東本法顯傳</span>。<span class="shuming">沈本</span>於“有逕滿那般”一句下注云：“此句有譌誤。‘有’當是‘又’；‘滿’當是‘蒲’，<span class="shuming">法濕傳</span>作‘捕’；‘般’字衍；……脱‘河’字。”<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>氏所言“滿”當是“蒲”（或“捕”），“般”字衍，脱“河”字，是也；<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>氏以爲“有”當作“又”，則非，“有”字不誤；又<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>氏未校出“逕”當是“遥”，形近致誤。蓋此句應即是“有遥蒲（或捕）那河”也。<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>雖亦有誤，但已改“般”爲“河”，而其後之<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>諸本仍誤加“般”字，<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>氏且謂<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>“亦脱般字”，可謂以誤爲不誤，以不誤爲誤矣。又，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此下未言<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>下游注入何水，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>則謂其“下合<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>”，實則<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>即今<span class="zhuanming">朱木拿河</span>，下游注入<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>而不注入<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏所詮釋者誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#637" id="698">〔3〕</a>皆：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#638" id="699">〔4〕</a>親：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>自“親”字下殘缺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#639" id="700">〔5〕</a>氊：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“栴”，乃“旃”之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#640" id="701">〔6〕</a>上座：衆僧中首席之意。<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“上坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#641" id="702">〔7〕</a>相傳至今：本傳自上文“凡<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>已西”至此句“相傳至今”爲止，共六十九字，而<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文簡寫作“自河以西，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國”八字，於是發生兩錯誤：其一，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>注“自河以西”之“河”字，承上句<span class="zhuanming">遥捕那河</span>“下合<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00049','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P49</span></i><span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>”而來，則此“河”字當指<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>，而非<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>原書所言<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>以西之<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>矣；其二，本傳於“<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國”一句下，尚有六十字描述<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國篤信佛法情況，而<span class="shuming">河水注</span>一字不提，則“自河以西，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>諸國”八字所言何事，毫無歸宿，不可通矣。<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏引文，應不至如此。故疑今傳世各本<span class="shuming">水經注</span>此二句下當有佚文。按：此二句下祇要補加“國王皆篤信佛法”數字，即可不失<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>文原意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#642" id="703">〔8〕</a>中國：即<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>以<span class="zhuanming">摩頭羅國</span>爲入<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>之始。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#643" id="704">〔9〕</a>人民殷樂：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，各本皆作“人民殷富”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#644" id="705">〔10〕</a>輸：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“輪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#645" id="706">〔11〕</a>刑罔：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“刑網”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“刑斬”。又，<span class="shuming">石本</span>於此二字下多出“有罪者但罰其錢隨事輕重雖不用刑網”十六字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#646" id="707">〔12〕</a>葱䔉：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“䓗䔉”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“葱蒜”。“葱”同“䓗”；“䔉”同“蒜”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#647" id="708">〔13〕</a>唯除旃荼羅：“唯除”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“唯唯”。“荼”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>均作“茶”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>及<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷二皆作“荼”，今據改。下同，旃荼羅爲梵文Caṇḍāla的音譯，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>舊來種姓制度下之最低級族類。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷二：“旃陀羅，此云屠者，正言旃荼（音途）羅，此云嚴熾，謂惡業自嚴。行時摇鈴，持竹爲幖幟，故若不尒者，王必罪之。<span class="zhuanming">法</span><span class="shuming">顯傳</span>云：名爲惡人，與人别居，入城市則擊竹自異，人則避之。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#648" id="709">〔14〕</a>擊木：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“擊水”；<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷二引<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>作“擊竹”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“擊木”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#649" id="710">〔15〕</a>唐突：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>作“湯突”，<span class="shuming">字音</span>並注云：“觸也，上正作盪（<span class="shuming">開本</span>作濫）。”<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“搪揬”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“唐揬”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#650" id="711">〔16〕</a>屠酤：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“屠估”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“屠沽”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“屠店”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“屠行”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>作“屠酤”，注云：“上音徒，屠，殺也；下音姑，與沽同，酤酒也。”今據<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#651" id="712">〔17〕</a>及估酒者：“估”，<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">律本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“酤”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“沽”。按：上句“市無屠酤”四字文意已足，此“及估酒者”四字疑衍。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#652" id="713">〔18〕</a>旃：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𥙡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#653" id="714">〔19〕</a>獵師：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“獦”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“漁獵師”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00050','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P50</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#654" id="715">〔20〕</a>賣：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“賈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#655" id="716">〔21〕</a>供養供給：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“供養”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“供給”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#656" id="717">〔22〕</a>園圃：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“國圃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#657" id="718">〔23〕</a>牛犢：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“牛櫝”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#658" id="719">〔24〕</a>後王王：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“後王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#659" id="720">〔25〕</a>廢：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“度”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#660" id="721">〔26〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“上”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#661" id="722">〔27〕</a>床褥：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“林蓐”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“牀蓐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#662" id="723">〔28〕</a>都無缺乏：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“都無渴乏”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“都无湯乏”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“都無闕乏”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#663" id="724">〔29〕</a>衆僧：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“衆”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#664" id="725">〔30〕</a>坐禪：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“以禪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#665" id="726">〔31〕</a>迎逆：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“迎送”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#666" id="727">〔32〕</a>檐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“擔”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#667" id="728">〔33〕</a>非時漿：佛教戒律以每日正午以前爲時，正午以後爲非時，時則食，非時則不得食。非時所飲穌油﹑蜜﹑石蜜﹑果漿等，稱爲非時漿。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#668" id="729">〔34〕</a>臘數：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“臈數”。即僧人歷年安居之次數也。參見前〔竭叉國〕節注〔15〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#669" id="730">〔35〕</a>舍利弗：梵文Sāriputra音譯<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗多羅</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。此下關於<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>塔等之供養，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四<span class="zhuanming">秣兔羅國</span>下亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#670" id="731">〔36〕</a>目連：梵文Maudgalyāyana音譯<span class="zhuanming">目犍連延</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#671" id="732">〔37〕</a>阿難：已見前〔弗樓沙國〕節注〔3〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#672" id="733">〔38〕</a>阿毗曇：即阿毗達磨（論），與毗奈耶（律）﹑素呾纜（經），合稱三藏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#673" id="734">〔39〕</a>作非時漿：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“行非時漿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#674" id="735">〔40〕</a>香華：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“華香”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#675" id="736">〔41〕</a>彼人：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“伎樂人”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“伎人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#676" id="737">〔42〕</a>作舍利弗本婆羅門：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“作樂舍利弗本爲婆羅門”（“作樂”<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00051','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P51</span></i>以上<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>殘缺約四百字）；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“作舍利弗大婆羅門”。波羅門爲梵文Brāhmaṇa的音譯，在<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>舊來的階級社會中，居四族姓之首。<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span><span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷二十六云：“婆羅門，此俗人也，謂淨行高貴捨惡法之人，博學多聞者也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#677" id="738">〔43〕</a>詣：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“諸”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#678" id="739">〔44〕</a>大目連：即<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#679" id="740">〔45〕</a>大迦葉：梵文Mahākāsyapa音譯<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉波</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#680" id="741">〔46〕</a>比丘尼：梵文Bhikṣüṇī之音譯，亦作苾芻尼，女性的比丘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#681" id="742">〔47〕</a>世尊：梵文Bhagavat（音譯薄伽梵）的意譯，爲佛教徒對<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的尊稱之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#682" id="743">〔48〕</a>沙彌：舊以爲梵文Srāmaṇera的音譯之略，但<span class="zhuanming">烈維</span>以爲乃古代<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>語sanmir之音譯（見<span class="zhuanming">烈維</span><span class="shuming">所謂</span><span class="shuming">乙種吐火羅語即龜兹語考</span>41頁），當是。沙彌指依照戒律出家，已受十戒，但尚未受具足戒的男性修行者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#683" id="744">〔49〕</a>羅云：梵文Rāhula音譯<span class="zhuanming">羅睺羅</span>之略，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之子，十五歲出家爲沙彌，爲佛教有沙彌之始，又爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的十大弟子之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#684" id="745">〔50〕</a>摩訶衍人：摩訶衍即摩訶衍那之略，摩訶衍人即大乘的宗信者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#685" id="746">〔51〕</a>般若波羅蜜：般若（梵文Prajñā音譯）義爲“智慧”，波羅蜜（梵文Pāramitā音譯）義爲“到彼岸”，般若波羅蜜即開智慧以到達涅槃解脱的彼岸之意。此處之般若波羅蜜，蓋指諸般若經。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#686" id="747">〔52〕</a>文殊師利：梵文Mañjusrī之音譯，佛教菩薩之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#687" id="748">〔53〕</a>觀世音：“觀”，<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“光”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“先”。<span class="zhuanming">觀世音</span>爲梵文Avalokitesvara的意譯，即<span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>，佛教菩薩之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#688" id="749">〔54〕</a>婆：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“波”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#689" id="750">〔55〕</a>持：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“將”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#690" id="751">〔56〕</a>以布施僧：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“以用布施衆僧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#691" id="752">〔57〕</a>衆僧：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“僧受”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#692" id="753">〔58〕</a>絶：<span class="zhuanming">鎌本</span>作“施”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“紀”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#693" id="754">〔59〕</a>渡：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#694" id="755">〔60〕</a>四五萬里：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“四萬<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00052','1385118',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P52</span></i>里”；又<span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，各本皆在此句下加“也”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#695" id="756">〔61〕</a>正有河水：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“正有河水耳”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“正有何水”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“上有河水”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“止有河水耳”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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新版前言
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124941" key="1124941"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 新版前言 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124942" key="1124942"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-C00001','587608',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000002"><b>新版前言</b></p><p> <span>《法顯傳校注》是已故著名歷史地理學家，中外交通史研究大家章巽（丹楓）教授的重要著述之一，曾由上海古籍出版社於1985年出版。該書的校注以北京圖書館所藏南宋刊印的《思溪圓覺藏》本爲底本，參考了多種《法顯傳》的最早印本及古鈔本，充分汲取了19世紀以來國內外學者對此書的研究成果，解決了不少疑難問題，故被學界譽爲近年來集法顯研究之大成的最有影響的力作。</span> </p><p> <span>承中華書局的厚意，《法顯傳校注》今刊行新版，收入《中外交通史籍叢刊》。作爲丹楓先生的晚輩與學生，我們備感欣慰，並致謝意。</span> </p><p> <span>由於原版存在若干印刷錯誤，故本次重版主要依據作者親筆校訂的原書作了修改，並對業已發現的其他訛誤也一並改正。此外，爲便於讀者了解原版《校注》出版二十年來，國內外學術界有關《法顯傳》研究的新成果，我們參考了德國學者寧梵夫教授（今任教於英國卡的夫大學）的新著《作爲宗教史料的〈高僧法顯傳〉—中國最早赴印佛僧之行記翻譯》（Max Deeg，Das Gaoseng-Faxian-zhuan als religionsgeschichtliche Quelle，Der älteste Bericht eines chinesischen Buddhistischen Pilgermönchs iiber seine Re-ise nach Indien mit Übersetzung des Textes，[Studies in Oriental Re-<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-C00002','587608',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i>ligions52]，Wiesbaden，Harrassowitz，2005），並儘可能檢索了國內及歐美﹑日本學者的一些論著，以“補注”形式，一並附在這裏（不再插入原文，以免擾亂原有格式），旨在提供某些綫索，以利於有興趣的讀者作進一步的研究。寧梵夫教授對此十分支持，特地惠寄相關資料，謹此深表謝意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">徐文堪　芮傳明</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">2007年10月於上海</span> </p></div></div></div>
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更得經本
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124946" key="1124946"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 更得經本 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124947" key="1124947"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00140','1385150',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P140</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000122">更得經本</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>住此國二年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2332" id="2327">〔1〕</a>，更求得<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>藏本<a class="zhuhao" href="#2333" id="2328">〔2〕</a>，得<span class="shuming">長阿含</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2334" id="2329">〔3〕</a>﹑<span class="shuming">雜阿含</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2335" id="2330">〔4〕</a>，復得一部<span class="shuming">雜藏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2336" id="2331">〔5〕</a>。此悉<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>土所無者。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2327" id="2332">〔1〕</a>住此國二年：當爲<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>六年（公元410年）及七年（公元411年）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2328" id="2333">〔2〕</a>彌沙塞律藏本：“沙”字，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>誤作“勒”。此六字，<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷三<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律記</span>引文作“彌沙塞律梵本”。按：佛家律有五部，曰：曇無德部（Dharmagupta）；薩婆多部（Sarvāstivāda）；彌沙塞部（Mahisasaka）；迦葉遺部（Kasyapīya）；婆麤富部（Vātsīputrīya）。此云“彌沙塞律”即彌沙塞部之律本。<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>，梵文，未譯。”此云“未譯”者，特<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>生前未親自譯出耳。同書卷二續云：“<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>，三十四卷，即<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>所得梵本，以<span class="zhuanming">宋景平</span>元年（公元423年）七月譯出，已入律録。”<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">佛馱什傳</span>曰：“<span class="zhuanming">佛馱什</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">覺壽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>人，少受業於彌沙塞部僧，……以<span class="zhuanming">宋景平</span>元年七月届於<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>。先，沙門<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>得<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>梵本，未及翻譯而<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>遷化（按：據此可見<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>卒於<span class="zhuanming">景平</span>元年七月之前），京邑諸僧聞<span class="zhuanming">什</span>既善此學，於是請令出焉。以其年冬十一月集於<span class="zhuanming">龍光寺</span>，譯爲三十四卷，稱爲<span class="shuming">五分律</span>。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>執梵文，<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">智勝</span>爲譯，<span class="zhuanming">龍光</span><span class="zhuanming">道生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">東安</span><span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>共執筆參正，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>侍中<span class="zhuanming">瑯瑘</span><span class="zhuanming">王練</span>爲檀越，至明年四月方竟。”<span class="shuming">開元録</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">佛陀什</span>名下亦稱此爲<span class="shuming">五分律</span>，即今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中所收<span class="shuming">彌沙塞部和醯五分律</span>是也。今本作三十卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2329" id="2334">〔3〕</a>長阿含：<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>，梵文，未譯。”此但言<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>帶歸此經經本未譯出耳。同書同卷<span class="zhuanming">佛馱耶舍</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>，二十二卷，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>十五年（公元413年）出，<span class="zhuanming">竺佛念</span>傳譯。”同書卷十四<span class="shuming">佛陀耶舍傳</span>又記其“出<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>，……<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">竺佛念</span>譯爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言，<span class="zhuanming">道含</span>執筆。”按：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>是時在<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>得<span class="shuming">長阿含</span>，尚在<span class="zhuanming">佛馱耶舍</span>等於<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00141','1385150',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P141</span></i>譯出此經之前，固不知此經另有傳本流入<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>下文中言“<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>土所無”者，由此故也。至於<span class="zhuanming">佛陀耶舍</span>共<span class="zhuanming">竺佛念</span>譯之<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>，二十二卷，即今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中所收者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2330" id="2335">〔4〕</a>雜阿含：<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>，梵文，未譯。”蓋此經至<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>身後始譯出也。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">求那跋陀羅傳</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">求那跋陀羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">功德賢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>人，……（<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>）<span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>十二年（公元435年）至<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，……既至<span class="zhuanming">京都</span>，……初住<span class="zhuanming">祇洹寺</span>，……頃之，衆僧共請出經，於<span class="zhuanming">祇洹寺</span>集義學諸僧譯出<span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>。”<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷十<span class="zhuanming">求那跋陀羅</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>，五十卷，於<span class="zhuanming">瓦官寺</span>譯，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>賷來。”又記<span class="zhuanming">求那跋陀羅</span>之譯<span class="shuming">雜阿含</span>等經，<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>傳語，<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>筆受。今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中所收<span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>，即此本也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2331" id="2336">〔5〕</a>雜藏：即今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中所收<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>譯之<span class="shuming">佛説雜藏經</span>。<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">雜藏經</span>，一卷。”<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷七<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">雜藏經</span>，一卷，與<span class="shuming">鬼問目連</span>﹑<span class="shuming">餓鬼報應</span>﹑<span class="shuming">目連説地獄餓鬼因緣</span>等四本同體，異名别譯。”<span class="shuming">開元録</span>卷十三云：“<span class="shuming">餓鬼報應經</span>，一名<span class="shuming">目連説地獄餓鬼因緣經</span>。”又云：此經“前後四譯，一譯闕本”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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自師子國到耶婆提國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124949" key="1124949"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 五　浮海東還 &gt; 自師子國到耶婆提國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039622" key="1039622"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00142','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P142</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000125">自師子國到耶婆提國</p><p> <span>得此梵本<a class="zhuhao" href="#2366" id="2337">〔1〕</a>已，即載商人大船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2367" id="2338">〔2〕</a>，上可有二百餘人。後係一小船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2368" id="2339">〔3〕</a>，海行艱嶮，以備大船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2369" id="2340">〔4〕</a>毁壞。得好信風<a class="zhuhao" href="#2370" id="2341">〔5〕</a>，東下二日<a class="zhuhao" href="#2371" id="2342">〔6〕</a>，便值大風。船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2372" id="2343">〔7〕</a>漏水入。商人欲趣小船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2373" id="2344">〔8〕</a>，小船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2374" id="2345">〔9〕</a>上人恐人來多，即斫緪斷<a class="zhuhao" href="#2375" id="2346">〔10〕</a>，商人大怖，命在須臾<a class="zhuhao" href="#2376" id="2347">〔11〕</a>，恐船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2377" id="2348">〔12〕</a>水漏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2378" id="2349">〔13〕</a>，即取麁財貨擲著水中。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>亦以君墀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2379" id="2350">〔14〕</a>及澡罐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2380" id="2351">〔15〕</a>并餘物棄擲海中，但恐商人擲去經像，唯一心念<span class="zhuanming">觀世音</span>及歸命<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地衆僧：“我遠行求法，願威神歸流，得到所止<a class="zhuhao" href="#2381" id="2352">〔16〕</a>。”如是大風晝夜十三日，到一島邊<a class="zhuhao" href="#2382" id="2353">〔17〕</a>。潮退之後，見船漏處，即補塞之。於是復前。</span> </p><p> <span>海中<a class="zhuhao" href="#2383" id="2354">〔18〕</a>多有抄賊，遇輒無全。大海彌漫無邊，不識東西，唯望日﹑月﹑星宿而進。若陰雨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2384" id="2355">〔19〕</a>時，爲逐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2385" id="2356">〔20〕</a>風去，亦無准<a class="zhuhao" href="#2386" id="2357">〔21〕</a>。當夜闇時，但見大浪相搏，晃然<a class="zhuhao" href="#2387" id="2358">〔22〕</a>火色，黿﹑鼉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2388" id="2359">〔23〕</a>水性怪異之屬，商人荒遽<a class="zhuhao" href="#2389" id="2360">〔24〕</a>，不知那向<a class="zhuhao" href="#2390" id="2361">〔25〕</a>。海深無底，又無下石住處<a class="zhuhao" href="#2391" id="2362">〔26〕</a>。至天晴已，乃知<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00143','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P143</span></i>東西，還復望正<a class="zhuhao" href="#2392" id="2363">〔27〕</a>而進。若值伏石，則無活路。</span> </p><p> <span>如是九十日許<a class="zhuhao" href="#2393" id="2364">〔28〕</a>，乃到一國，名<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2394" id="2365">〔29〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2337" id="2366">〔1〕</a>梵本：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“胡本”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2338" id="2367">〔2〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2339" id="2368">〔3〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2340" id="2369">〔4〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2341" id="2370">〔5〕</a>得好信風：<span class="shuming">足</span><span class="shuming">立氏書</span>（219頁）云：“<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>東航約十五日，漂流九十日許，留<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span>五月。翌年四月十五日（按：應作十六日）出航<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span>，由此逆推，則其出發<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>當爲<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>七年（西曆411年）八月頃。<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>七年八月正當西曆411年九月（陽曆），恰爲西南季候風之末期，已屬季候風之轉换期矣。此際常有旋風來襲，風起不定，頗不利於航行。故此際<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>乘信風出發，忽大風襲來，遂遇九十日許漂流之難。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2342" id="2371">〔6〕</a>二日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“三日”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2343" id="2372">〔7〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2344" id="2373">〔8〕</a>同上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2345" id="2374">〔9〕</a>同上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2346" id="2375">〔10〕</a>斫緪斷：“斷”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“䉼”。“緪”，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆作“絙”，兹依前〔陀歷國〕節注〔21〕改作“緪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2347" id="2376">〔11〕</a>命在須臾：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“命存須<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/140152037sdw.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2348" id="2377">〔12〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2349" id="2378">〔13〕</a>漏：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“滿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2350" id="2379">〔14〕</a>君墀：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“軍持”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“軍墀”。君墀（Kuṇḍikā），水瓶也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2351" id="2380">〔15〕</a>澡罐：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“澡灌”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“滲灌”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“澡罐”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2352" id="2381">〔16〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“上”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2353" id="2382">〔17〕</a>到一島邊：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“到一鳥邊”。關於此島，<span class="shuming">皮氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（167頁注〔4〕）以爲無可考，<span class="shuming">理氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（112頁）及<span class="shuming">翟氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（77頁）亦未作考釋。<span class="shuming">足立<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00144','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P144</span></i>氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（220頁）以爲可能是今<span class="zhuanming">尼科巴羣島</span>（Nicobar Is.）中之一島。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2354" id="2383">〔18〕</a>海中：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“海”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2355" id="2384">〔19〕</a>陰雨：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“險雨”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2356" id="2385">〔20〕</a>逐：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“遂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2357" id="2386">〔21〕</a>無准：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“无所准”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“無所准”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2358" id="2387">〔22〕</a>晃然：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“日光”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“晃若”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2359" id="2388">〔23〕</a>鼉：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“鼈”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“鼉”，又<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>亦作“鼉”，注云音陀，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2360" id="2389">〔24〕</a>荒遽：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“荒懅”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>作“慌遽”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2361" id="2390">〔25〕</a>那向：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“所向”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2362" id="2391">〔26〕</a>下石住處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“下石柱處”。下石或下石柱，蓋謂下石錨也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2363" id="2392">〔27〕</a>正：鎌本似作“日 月”。此下鎌本有二十餘字殘壞，至“婆”字始可辨認。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2364" id="2393">〔28〕</a>九十日許：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“九十許日”。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>“附商人大舶循海而還，舶有二百許人，值暴風水入，衆皆惶懅，即取雜物棄之，……舶任風而去，得無傷壞，經十餘日，達<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span>”。取以相對，此“九十日許”似失之太久。然<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>上文云：“海中多有抄賊，遇輒無全。”<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（167頁注〔5〕）以爲此當指<span class="zhuanming">亞齊頭</span>（Acheen Head，位於今<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊島</span>西北角）一帶之海盗而言，此等海盗直至<span class="zhuanming">皮</span>氏成書時（公元1869年）尚爲附近商船因無風而停止前進時之大患。又，<span class="zhuanming">塞爾曼</span>（R.R.Sell-man）<span class="shuming">東方歷史簡要地圖</span>（An Outline Atlas of Eastern History）第十二圖，亦注出公元第五世紀時，今<span class="zhuanming">馬六甲海峽</span>之航路，爲<span class="zhuanming">馬來</span>海盗所阻塞，海舶航行，多改道繞過<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>之外方（即南方）而東進，通過今<span class="zhuanming">巽他海峽</span>北上。按：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>過此，正當公元第五世紀初期，因避海盗而如此繞道，勢必增加航行時間，則“九十日許”固亦爲事理所容許也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2365" id="2394">〔29〕</a>耶婆提：據成書於公元前後之<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>大史詩<span class="shuming">羅摩衍那</span>（Rāmāyaṇa）中説，東方有一名爲Yava-dvīpa（<span class="zhuanming">大麥島</span>）的地方；公元二世紀時<span class="zhuanming">埃及亞歷山大城</span>的著名地理家<span class="zhuanming">托勒密</span>（Ptolemy）在其所著的地理書中則稱之爲Iabadiou（即Yava-dvīpa之異寫）。我國<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷六﹑卷一一六中，曾記<span class="zhuanming">順<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00145','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P145</span></i>帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永建</span>六年（公元131年）有“<span class="zhuanming">日南</span>徼外<span class="zhuanming">葉調國</span>……遣使貢獻”。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此處之<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">葉調</span>﹑Yava-dvīpa﹑Iabadiou同名異寫，皆是一地。此地今爲何地，諸家解説不一，或以爲指今<span class="zhuanming">爪哇</span>（如<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">伯希和</span>Paul Pelliot所著<span class="shuming">交廣印度兩道</span>考86—90頁），或以爲指今<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊島</span>（如<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">費瑯</span>G.Ferrand所著<span class="shuming">蘇門答腊古國考</span>93—97頁）。注釋<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>者，如<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（168頁）及<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（78頁）皆以比爲今<span class="zhuanming">爪哇</span>，<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（222頁）則又以此爲今<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>東部。按：<span class="zhuanming">爪哇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>二島毗連，古時之<span class="zhuanming">葉調</span>，yava-dvīpa，Iabadiou，<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>，得爲此二島之共同名稱。但本傳下文言<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>其後乘船自<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>出發擬前往<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，係取“東北”方向，則似以從<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>東部啓程爲較合。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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自耶婆提歸長廣郡界
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124952" key="1124952"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 五　浮海東還 &gt; 自耶婆提歸長廣郡界 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124953" key="1124953"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00145','1385152',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P145</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000127">自耶婆提歸長廣郡界</p><p> <span>其國外道﹑婆羅門興盛，佛法不足言。</span> </p><p> <span>停此國五月日，復隨他商人大船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2420" id="2395">〔1〕</a>，上亦二百許人，賷五十日粮，以四月十六日發。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於船上安居<a class="zhuhao" href="#2421" id="2396">〔2〕</a>。東北行，趣<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>一月<a class="zhuhao" href="#2422" id="2397">〔3〕</a>餘日，夜皷二時，遇黑風暴雨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2423" id="2398">〔4〕</a>。商人﹑賈客皆悉惶怖，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>爾時亦一心念<span class="zhuanming">觀世音</span>及<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地衆僧。蒙威神祐，得至天<a class="zhuhao" href="#2424" id="2399">〔5〕</a>曉。曉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2425" id="2400">〔6〕</a>已，諸婆羅門議言：“坐載此沙門，使我不利，遭此大苦。當下比丘置海島邊<a class="zhuhao" href="#2426" id="2401">〔7〕</a>。不可爲一人令我等危嶮<a class="zhuhao" href="#2427" id="2402">〔8〕</a>。”<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>本檀越<a class="zhuhao" href="#2428" id="2403">〔9〕</a>言：“汝若下此比丘，亦并下我<a class="zhuhao" href="#2429" id="2404">〔10〕</a>！不爾，便當殺我！汝其<a class="zhuhao" href="#2430" id="2405">〔11〕</a>下此沙門<a class="zhuhao" href="#2431" id="2406">〔12〕</a>，吾<a class="zhuhao" href="#2432" id="2407">〔13〕</a>到<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地，當向國王言汝也。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地王亦敬信佛法，重比丘僧。”諸商人躊躇，不敢便下。</span> </p><p> <span>于時天多連陰，海師<a class="zhuhao" href="#2433" id="2408">〔14〕</a>相望僻誤，遂經七十餘日。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00146','1385152',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P146</span></i>糧食﹑水漿欲盡，取海鹹水作食。分好水，人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2434" id="2409">〔15〕</a>可得二升，遂便欲盡。商人議言：“常行時正<a class="zhuhao" href="#2435" id="2410">〔16〕</a>可五十日便到<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，爾今已過期多日<a class="zhuhao" href="#2436" id="2411">〔17〕</a>，將無<a class="zhuhao" href="#2437" id="2412">〔18〕</a>僻耶？”即便西北行求岸，晝夜十二日，到<a class="zhuhao" href="#2438" id="2413">〔19〕</a><span class="zhuanming">長廣郡</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2439" id="2414">〔20〕</a>界<span class="zhuanming">牢山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2440" id="2415">〔21〕</a>南岸，便得好水﹑菜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2441" id="2416">〔22〕</a>。但經涉險難，憂懼積日<a class="zhuhao" href="#2442" id="2417">〔23〕</a>，忽得至此岸，見蔾藿<a class="zhuhao" href="#2443" id="2418">〔24〕</a>依然，知是<a class="zhuhao" href="#2444" id="2419">〔25〕</a><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2395" id="2420">〔1〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2396" id="2421">〔2〕</a>船上安居：“船”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。此船上安居，爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後第十四年即<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>八年（公元412年）之夏坐。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2397" id="2422">〔3〕</a>一月：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“二三”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2398" id="2423">〔4〕</a>黑風暴雨：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“里風暴雨”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“黑風異雨”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2399" id="2424">〔5〕</a>天：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2400" id="2425">〔6〕</a>曉：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2401" id="2426">〔7〕</a>海島邊：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“海鳥邊”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“海邊”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2402" id="2427">〔8〕</a>嶮：<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“險”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2403" id="2428">〔9〕</a>本檀越：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無“本”字。“檀越”已見前〔乾歸國﹑耨檀國﹑張掖鎮﹑燉煌〕節注〔9〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2404" id="2429">〔10〕</a>亦并下我：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“并下我亦”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2405" id="2430">〔11〕</a>汝其：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“汝若”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“如其”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2406" id="2431">〔12〕</a>沙門：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“沙聞”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2407" id="2432">〔13〕</a>吾：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“乎”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2408" id="2433">〔14〕</a>海師：即後世海船上掌管行船方向之舵師。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2409" id="2434">〔15〕</a>人：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“又”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2410" id="2435">〔16〕</a>正：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“政”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2411" id="2436">〔17〕</a>爾今已過期多日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“爾今也遇期多日”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“今已遇期多日”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“今已過期多日”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00147','1385152',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P147</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2412" id="2437">〔18〕</a>無：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2413" id="2438">〔19〕</a>到：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2414" id="2439">〔20〕</a>長廣郡：<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">長廣郡</span>，屬<span class="zhuanming">北青州</span>，領縣四，治<span class="zhuanming">不其</span>（故治在今<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">嶗山縣</span>北）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2415" id="2440">〔21〕</a>牢山：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“窂止”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“窂山”。<span class="zhuanming">牢山</span>即<span class="zhuanming">嶗山</span>，在今<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">嶗山縣</span>東。南臨<span class="zhuanming">黄海</span>，東對<span class="zhuanming">嶗山灣</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2416" id="2441">〔22〕</a>好水菜：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“如來菜”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2417" id="2442">〔23〕</a>憂懼積日：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“處懼積日”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“憂積日”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2418" id="2443">〔24〕</a>蔾藿：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“䔧藿菜”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“䔧藿”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“䔧󵶔”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“蔾藿菜”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>及<span class="shuming">音義</span>皆作“蔾藿”，今據改。按：<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">太史公自序</span>：“糲粱之食，藜藿之羹。”<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>此處所言蔾藿二字，蓋以泛稱當時所見一般可供食用的種植物。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2419" id="2444">〔25〕</a>知是：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“知見”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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南下向都
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124956" key="1124956"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 五　浮海東還 &gt; 南下向都 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124957" key="1124957"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00147','1385153',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P147</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000129">南下向都</p><p> <span>然不見人民及行跡，未知是何許<a class="zhuhao" href="#2471" id="2445">〔1〕</a>。或言未至<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，或言已過<a class="zhuhao" href="#2472" id="2446">〔2〕</a>，莫知所定。即乘小船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2473" id="2447">〔3〕</a>，入浦覓人，欲問<a class="zhuhao" href="#2474" id="2448">〔4〕</a>其處。得兩獵人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2475" id="2449">〔5〕</a>，即將歸，令<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>譯語問之。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>先安慰之，徐問：“汝是何<a class="zhuhao" href="#2476" id="2450">〔6〕</a>人？”答<a class="zhuhao" href="#2477" id="2451">〔7〕</a>言：“我是佛弟子。”又問：“汝入山何所求<a class="zhuhao" href="#2478" id="2452">〔8〕</a>？”其便詭言<a class="zhuhao" href="#2479" id="2453">〔9〕</a>：“明當七月十五日，欲取桃臘佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#2480" id="2454">〔10〕</a>。”又問：“此是何國？”答言：“此<span class="zhuanming">青州</span><span class="zhuanming">長廣郡</span>界，統屬<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>家<a class="zhuhao" href="#2481" id="2455">〔11〕</a>。”聞已，商人歡喜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2482" id="2456">〔12〕</a>，即乞其財物，遣人往<span class="zhuanming">長廣</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2483" id="2457">〔13〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>太守<a class="zhuhao" href="#2484" id="2458">〔14〕</a><span class="zhuanming">李嶷</span>敬信佛法，聞有沙門持經像<a class="zhuhao" href="#2485" id="2459">〔15〕</a>乘船汎海而至<a class="zhuhao" href="#2486" id="2460">〔16〕</a>，即將人從至<a class="zhuhao" href="#2487" id="2461">〔17〕</a>海邊，迎接經像，歸至郡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00148','1385153',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P148</span></i>治。商人於是還向<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2488" id="2462">〔18〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">劉沇青州</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2489" id="2463">〔19〕</a>請<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>一冬﹑一夏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2490" id="2464">〔20〕</a>。夏坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2491" id="2465">〔21〕</a>訖，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>遠離<a class="zhuhao" href="#2492" id="2466">〔22〕</a>諸師久<a class="zhuhao" href="#2493" id="2467">〔23〕</a>，欲趣<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。但所營事重，遂便南下向都<a class="zhuhao" href="#2494" id="2468">〔24〕</a>，就禪師<a class="zhuhao" href="#2495" id="2469">〔25〕</a>出經律<a class="zhuhao" href="#2496" id="2470">〔26〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2445" id="2471">〔1〕</a>何許：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“許”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2446" id="2472">〔2〕</a>已過：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“已遇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2447" id="2473">〔3〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2448" id="2474">〔4〕</a>問：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“聞”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2449" id="2475">〔5〕</a>獵人：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015203u9xl.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>人”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“獦人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2450" id="2476">〔6〕</a>何：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“付”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2451" id="2477">〔7〕</a>答：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“若”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2452" id="2478">〔8〕</a>何所求：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“答所何求”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2453" id="2479">〔9〕</a>詭言：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“説言”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>皆作“詭言”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2454" id="2480">〔10〕</a>臘佛：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“臈佛”。謂於夏末七月十五日舉行法會，施齋供僧，以求救濟死者，即所謂“盂蘭盆”（ullambana）也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2455" id="2481">〔11〕</a>統屬晉家：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“統屬劉家”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>“統”作“繞”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“統屬晉家”，今據改。按：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>至<span class="zhuanming">牢山</span>時，尚是<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>之世，雖<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>已專國政，然無作統屬<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>家之理。作統屬<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>家者，蓋<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>成書後不久<span class="zhuanming">劉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>即取代<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>，傳寫時所改也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2456" id="2482">〔12〕</a>商人歡喜：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“高人歎喜”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2457" id="2483">〔13〕</a>長廣：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“長廣郡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2458" id="2484">〔14〕</a>太守：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“大守”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2459" id="2485">〔15〕</a>經像：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“種種經像”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2460" id="2486">〔16〕</a>乘船汎海而至：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“乘船泛海而至”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00149','1385153',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P149</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2461" id="2487">〔17〕</a>人從至：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“人從來至”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2462" id="2488">〔18〕</a>商人於是還向楊州：“楊州”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“揚州”。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>治<span class="zhuanming">建康</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">江蘇</span><span class="zhuanming">南京市</span>），大體領有今<span class="zhuanming">江蘇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安徽</span>兩省<span class="zhuanming">長江</span>以南部分及<span class="zhuanming">浙江</span>全省之地。此言商人等仍由海上向<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>南航也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2463" id="2489">〔19〕</a>劉沇青州：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“劉法青州”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“劉青法洲”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“到青州”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“留法青州”。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（230—231頁）云，“法”爲“沇”字之誤，沇即兗字，“劉沇青州”即“劉兗青州”。又云，<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>八年（公元412年）九月，“<span class="zhuanming">北徐州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">劉道憐</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">兗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">青</span>二州刺史，鎮<span class="zhuanming">京口</span>（故址在今<span class="zhuanming">江蘇</span><span class="zhuanming">鎮江市</span>）”，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此處之“劉兗青州”，即<span class="zhuanming">劉道憐</span>。按：<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>之言，爲一種合理之推論，今據改作“劉沇青州”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2464" id="2490">〔20〕</a>請法顯一冬一夏：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“諸法顯一冬一憂”；“夏”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“复”。關於此句之解釋，<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>以爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>亦隨商人航海南至<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>境内，受<span class="zhuanming">劉道憐</span>之請，在<span class="zhuanming">京口</span>過一冬一夏（即<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>八年之一冬至<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>九年之一夏）。<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>以爲不然，謂此一冬一夏，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>不在<span class="zhuanming">京口</span>，實在<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">江蘇徐州市</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>氏言：“<span class="shuming">水經注</span><span class="shuming">泗水篇</span>云：‘又東南過<span class="zhuanming">彭城縣</span>東北。<span class="zhuanming">泗水</span>西有<span class="zhuanming">龍華寺</span>，是沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>遠出<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>浮海東還持<span class="shuming">龍華圖</span>首創。此制法流<span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>，自<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>始也。其所持<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>二石，仍在南陸東基堪中，其石尚光潔可愛。’……據此，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>在<span class="zhuanming">牢山</span>上陸後，必係由陸路南下，道過<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>，並在此逗留頗久，因而有故事之遺傳。又按<span class="shuming">宋書</span>五十一<span class="shuming">劉道憐傳</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>於<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>七年加<span class="zhuanming">北徐州</span>刺史，移鎮<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>。合以<span class="shuming">通鑑</span>所載，則<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>七年在<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>，至八年九月十三日奉命爲<span class="zhuanming">兗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>刺史，至早在此月後，移鎮<span class="zhuanming">京口</span>。而<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>則疑於八年七月中在<span class="zhuanming">長廣郡</span>。郡守<span class="zhuanming">李嶷</span>或即<span class="zhuanming">李安民</span>之祖父（<span class="zhuanming">安民</span>幼在<span class="zhuanming">山東</span>，且信佛法）。自<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>收復<span class="zhuanming">青</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">徐州</span>後，北方倚<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>爲重鎮，<span class="zhuanming">李嶷</span>或原爲<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>家部將，彼既見<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>，因資助其南往<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>見<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>。其時<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>尚未南去，因留供養（或即住於<span class="zhuanming">龍華寺</span>）。及<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>去後，<span class="zhuanming">劉懷慎</span>以輔國將軍監<span class="zhuanming">北徐州</span>諸軍事，鎮<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>（<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷四十五）。此地仍屬<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>勢力範圍（故傳文謂統屬<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>家，亦是實録），自有人資給。而<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>西通<span class="zhuanming">關</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，（<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十三年即自<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>西進伐<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>），<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>在<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>安居之暇，徘徊岐路，故欲西趣<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，亦與事勢相合。但因<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>以南，均屬<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>土，自此發迹下都，其事順便，故於九年遂南下，約在秋冬之際到達也。按：<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>在<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十一年，始解<span class="zhuanming">兗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">青</span>刺史。而依作者<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00150','1385153',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P150</span></i>〔<span class="zhuanming">指足立喜六</span>〕意，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>作於十年，書中稱<span class="zhuanming">道憐</span>爲‘劉兗青州’，固亦無不可也。”（見<span class="shuming">評考證法顯傳</span>，載<span class="shuming">往日雜稿</span>26—30頁）<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>氏之説是也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2465" id="2491">〔21〕</a>夏坐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“坐”。自發跡<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>之年（公元399年）計算，此爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行以來第十五年即<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>九年（公元413年）之夏坐。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2466" id="2492">〔22〕</a>遠離：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“離”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2467" id="2493">〔23〕</a>久：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“已久”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2468" id="2494">〔24〕</a>向都：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“回都”。此所云“都”，即<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>之首都<span class="zhuanming">建康</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">江蘇</span><span class="zhuanming">南京市</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2469" id="2495">〔25〕</a>禪師：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“諸師”。按：<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五<span class="shuming">法顯法師傳</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>在<span class="zhuanming">長廣郡</span><span class="zhuanming">牢山</span>南岸登陸後，“獵人還以告太守<span class="zhuanming">李嶷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">嶷素</span>敬信，忽聞沙門遠至，躬自迎勞，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>持經像隨還。頃之欲南歸，時刺史請留過久（<span class="shuming">磧砂藏</span>本“過久”二字作“過冬”，兹依<span class="shuming">頻伽藏</span>本改“過久”），<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>曰：‘貧道投身於不返之地，志在弘通，所期未果，不得久停。’遂南造京師就外國禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>譯出<span class="shuming">六卷泥洹</span>﹑<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>﹑<span class="shuming">方等泥洹經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">綖經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>，未及譯者，垂有百萬言。……”<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此處之禪師即指<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋陀羅</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀</span>，亦即<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>）。<span class="shuming">津本</span>等作“諸師”者蓋非。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2470" id="2496">〔26〕</a>經律：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“律”；<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“經律藏”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039462" key="1039462"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 序 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124959" key="1124959"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00001','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000003"><b>序</b></p><p> <span>公元第四世紀時的<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，繼<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span>八王之亂後，階級鬭爭和民族鬭爭交織起來，陷入戰亂不絶﹑南北分崩的狀况中。<span class="zhuanming">黄河</span>流域以北，有所謂十六國在無休止的戰禍中先後興起，偏安南方的<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>朝廷，也是攘權奪利，内爭不已。在這樣充滿着戰爭和變亂的局勢下，即使是統治階級，也經常感到朝不保夕，前景茫然，更不要説身受殘酷剥削﹑飽嘗戰亂之苦的人民大衆了。這一切，都給與佛教以迅速發展的機會。被剥削和被壓迫者産生了從宗教中找尋安慰和拯救的幻想。至於貪得無厭的統治階級，於現世的富貴權勢之外，更妄想通過宗教而享受天國之樂；何况當時戰爭那樣頻繁，局勢那樣不安，連統治階級現世的富貴權勢也還得拜求佛菩薩來保佑；加之宗教能够産生麻痹人民鬭志的作用，大有利於統治階級，統治階級於認識到這一點後，就更要來利用宗教了。因而公元第四世紀及其後的<span class="zhuanming">南北朝</span>時期，佛教在<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>進入了一個廣泛傳播和迅速發展的階段。</span> </p><p> <span>這就是寫作<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>這本書的<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>生時所處的時代背景。</span> </p><p> <span>關於<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的生卒年，只能作大體的推定。<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span><span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五<span class="shuming">法顯法師傳</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>“後到<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，卒於<span class="zhuanming">新寺</span>，春秋八十有二”。<span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">釋法顯傳</span>作“春秋八十有六”，<span class="zhuanming">智昇</span><span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>卷三同。又，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋陀羅</span>共<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>譯<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律私記</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00002','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i>顯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">東晉義熙</span>十四年（公元418年）二月末在<span class="zhuanming">建康</span><span class="zhuanming">鬭場寺</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>）譯畢此律；<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">佛馱什傳</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">景平</span>元年（公元423年）七月以前<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>已遷化。可見<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>卒年當在公元418年2月至423年7月之間。如以得年八十二歲（與八十六歲之誤差得爲四年），卒於423年（與418年之誤差得爲五年）推算，則<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>生年得爲公元342年。他於<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>元年（公元399年）從<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>出發去<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>時，他的年齡，無論如何已在五十八歲以上了。</span> </p><p> <span>關於<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的出生地，<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>﹑<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">靖邁</span><span class="shuming">古今譯經圖紀</span>卷二﹑<span class="shuming">開元録</span>等都説他是“<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span><span class="zhuanming">武陽</span>人”，<span class="zhuanming">費長房</span><span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷七﹑<span class="zhuanming">道宣</span><span class="shuming">大唐内典録</span>卷三等但稱他爲“<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>沙門”。按：<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>及<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>時<span class="zhuanming">平陽郡</span>所屬唯有<span class="zhuanming">平陽縣</span>而無<span class="zhuanming">武陽縣</span>，當時<span class="zhuanming">平陽郡</span>内亦未聞有<span class="zhuanming">武陽</span>之地名，<span class="zhuanming">武陽</span>或爲<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>之誤，故<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>等即稱之爲“<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>沙門”。當時<span class="zhuanming">平陽郡</span>治所即在<span class="zhuanming">平陽縣</span>，縣城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">山西省</span><span class="zhuanming">臨汾縣</span>西南，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的出生地可能即在此。</span> </p><p> <span>從統治者到被統治者，形形色色信奉佛教的人中，當然有許多真是虔誠歸依，甚至有不惜身命的，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>便是其中的一人。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>遠赴<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>取經歸來後，於<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年（公元416年）冬，在<span class="zhuanming">建康</span><span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>和<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>共譯<span class="shuming">摩訶僧</span><span class="shuming">祇律</span>，有人請他寫出遊歷<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>的詳細經過，就成爲現在這一册<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>。<span class="shuming">傳</span>後有一段跋文，説當時<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自云：“顧尋所經，不覺心動汗流，所以乘危履嶮，不惜此形者，蓋是志有所存，專其愚直，故投命於不必全之地，以達萬一之冀。”跋文接着對<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的這一偉大旅行加以頌揚，説：“於是感歎斯人，以爲古今罕有。自大教東流，未有忘身求法如<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>之比！”<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的自述和跋文對他的這幾句贊美之辭，都不愧爲實録。</span> </p><p class="weizhi_zhanwei"></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的遠遊<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，當然也受到當時客觀情勢的影響。原來<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00003','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i>佛教從<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>末年傳入<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>後，其初多賴<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>及<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>的佛教徒來<span class="zhuanming">華</span>傳譯經籍，往往篇章不備，或者轉譯失真，日漸不能滿足需要，所以從<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span>末年的<span class="zhuanming">朱士行</span>開始，産生西行求法運動；此後見於記載的，<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span>有<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>初有<span class="zhuanming">康法朗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">于法蘭</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>中期以後有<span class="zhuanming">竺佛念</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧常</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">進行</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧辯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧叡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支法領</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法淨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇猛</span>諸人，都是<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>以前的先驅，而<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>也是隨着這一股潮流而前進的一人。但上述諸人中，確實到過<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>的，恐祇有<span class="zhuanming">慧叡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇猛</span>二人。他們的成就和聲名，都不及<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>。陸去海還，廣遊西土，留學<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，携經以歸者，恐要數<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>爲第一人了。</span> </p><p> <span>而且<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所帶歸的佛教經籍，也深合當時的需要。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>開頭就説，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>是爲了尋求戒律而去<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>的。原來公元第四世紀中隨着佛教的迅速發展，僧人人數日增，如<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>在<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>（公元365—379年），就有“師徒數百”過着集體的宗教生活，這樣，就格外需要有紀律來維持，所以<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>自立三例作爲僧尼軌範，一面也積極從事律藏戒本的尋求。同時在<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>方面，也因深感“經法雖傳，律藏未闡”（<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">弗若多羅傳</span>中語），而在努力傳譯戒律，其最著名者，如<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>中（公元365年—384年）有<span class="zhuanming">曇摩持</span>之譯<span class="shuming">十誦戒本</span>等三部，<span class="zhuanming">竺佛念</span>等之譯<span class="shuming">鼻奈耶律</span>，皆略早於<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之出行；略遲於<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之出行者，有<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>中（公元399—415年）<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">弗若多羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇摩流支</span>之譯<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀耶舍</span>等之譯<span class="shuming">四分律</span>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>也投身於此行列，並取得巨大的成果。他從<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>取歸的戒律，得自<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>者，有<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇衆律</span>一部﹑<span class="shuming">薩婆多衆律</span>一部，得自<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>者，有<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>藏本。其中的<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇衆律</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>回國後親自在<span class="zhuanming">建康</span><span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>共<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋陀羅</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>）譯出；<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>則於<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>身後不久由<span class="zhuanming">佛馱什</span>等譯出；唯<span class="shuming">薩婆多衆律</span>未譯（當<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>歸時，<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">弗若多羅</span>等先已譯出<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>）。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00004','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i>按，佛家律有五部，即<span class="shuming">薩婆多部十誦律</span>，<span class="shuming">曇無德部四分律</span>，<span class="shuming">婆麤富羅部律</span>（一名<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇衆律</span>），<span class="shuming">彌沙塞部五分律</span>，<span class="shuming">迦葉維律</span>。<span class="shuming">迦葉維律</span>未至<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>四部中，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>携歸者有三部，可見他對戒律流傳的貢獻之多了。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>是一個學問僧，他去天竺尋求戒律，也未忽視經義方面的研求。<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>之末，<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>在<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>主持譯事，提倡一切有部之學，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>沙門羣集<span class="zhuanming">西京</span>，最著名者如<span class="zhuanming">僧伽提婆</span>，爲有部毗曇大家，於<span class="zhuanming">建元</span>十九年（公元383年）譯<span class="shuming">阿毗曇八犍度論</span>（即<span class="shuming">發智論</span>），<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>爲之序；其後<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>南至<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，又受<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>之請於<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>十六年（公元391年）譯<span class="shuming">阿毗曇心</span>。當此毗曇學在我國開始傳播之際，而<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>携歸經本中，也有<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>和<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇阿毗曇</span>，<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>歸後且曾共<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>譯出（今闕），這是<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>對毗曇學的貢獻。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>求得的其他一些經本，如<span class="shuming">長阿含</span>﹑<span class="shuming">雜阿含</span>等，也都是極爲重要的佛典。而影響更大的，是他携歸的<span class="shuming">方等般泥洹經</span>。隨着<span class="zhuanming">晋</span>末<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>初階級對抗的加深和佛教發展的擴大，繼和<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>玄學思想相結合的般若學之後，而有涅槃佛性學説之大興，衝破局限於社會某一部分的樊籬，宣揚“一切衆生皆有佛性”，直接向最廣大的人間發動誘力。對於這一佛教教義和佛教活動的新發展﹑新擴大，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>携歸<span class="zhuanming">建康</span>並即同<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋陀羅</span>譯出的<span class="shuming">方等般泥洹經</span>（亦稱<span class="shuming">大般泥洹經</span>或<span class="shuming">方等大般泥洹經</span>，即<span class="shuming">六卷泥洹</span>）實起了推波助瀾的重要作用。</span> </p><p> <span>所以<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>歷遊<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>歸來後對我國佛教的貢獻，乃是多方面而且影響甚大的。</span> </p><p class="weizhi_zhanwei"></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>遠赴<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，以及他的尋求經律，傳布毗曇，推動涅槃佛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00005','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P5</span></i>性學説之大興等等，已經使他在<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛教史中占有重要的一席。而在今天説起來，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自記歷遊<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>經過的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，更吸引了我們的注意。這真是一部偉大的作品。它叙述了<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>以六十左右的高年，爲了自己的信念，奮不顧身，從<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>出發，通過<span class="zhuanming">河西走廊</span>，度越今天<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>境内艱難的大沙漠，踰<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>之險，取道今<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>流域而入<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>流域，即經今<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>入<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span>，又返<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>境内，然後東入<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>，並曾穿行<span class="zhuanming">尼泊爾</span>南部而達<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>下游的佛教中心地，在<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>首都<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>留住三年，學梵書梵語，抄寫經律，乃渡海至<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>，又住二年，續得經本，然後航海東歸，中途在今<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答臘</span>或<span class="zhuanming">爪哇</span>作短暫停留，繼續北航，一路飽受風濤之苦，終於到達今<span class="zhuanming">山東半島</span>南部的<span class="zhuanming">嶗山</span>，轉由陸路南下至<span class="zhuanming">建康</span>。他於<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>元年（公元399年）發<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>八年（公元412年）歸抵<span class="zhuanming">嶗山</span>登陸，次年達<span class="zhuanming">建康</span>，首尾計有十五年之久。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>就是<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自己對於這一歷時十五年的長途而艱巨的旅行的親筆記録。</span> </p><p class="weizhi_zhanwei"></p><p> <span><span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>在歷代著録中，有很多不同的名稱，如：</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二作：<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>一卷。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">水經注</span>卷一﹑卷二作：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>卷十六作：<span class="shuming">釋法顯行傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法經</span>等<span class="shuming">衆經目録</span>卷六作：<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>一卷（歸入“<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>聖賢傳記”，云是“<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>聖賢所撰”）。</span> </p><p> <span>又有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自述行記（歸入“此方諸德傳記”）。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷七作：<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>一卷。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">隋書</span>卷三十三<span class="shuming">經籍志</span><span class="shuming">史部</span><span class="shuming">雜傳類</span>作：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>二卷。</span> </p><p> <span>又有<span class="shuming">法顯行傳</span>一卷。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00006','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P6</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">地理類</span>又有<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>一卷（原注：沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>撰）。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">道宣</span><span class="shuming">集神州三寶感通録</span>卷中<span class="shuming">梁荆州優填王栴檀像緣二十八</span>（亦見<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷六百五十七闕名<span class="shuming">像記</span>）作：<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">大唐内典録</span>卷三作：<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">道世</span><span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span><span class="shuming">傳記篇</span>作：<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>一卷，右<span class="zhuanming">東晋</span><span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>撰。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span><span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注作：<span class="shuming">釋法顯遊天竺記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>又作<span class="shuming">天竺國記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">徐堅</span>等<span class="shuming">初學記</span>卷二十三作：<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺本記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>卷三作：<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>一卷（原注：亦云<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自撰，述往來<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>事，見<span class="shuming">長房録</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span>又有：<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>一卷（原注：見<span class="shuming">僧祐録</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span>又卷十三，卷十七，卷二十均有：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一卷，並注出“亦云<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>”。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">杜佑</span><span class="shuming">通典</span>卷一百七十四作：<span class="shuming">釋法明（國諱改焉）遊天竺紀</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>卷一百九十一作：<span class="shuming">法明遊天竺記</span>。（<span class="shuming">四庫全書總目提要</span>云：“<span class="shuming">通典</span>引此書，又作<span class="zhuanming">法明</span>，蓋<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span>諱<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>人以‘明’字代之，故原注有‘國諱改焉’四字也。”）</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">圓照</span><span class="shuming">貞元新定釋教目録</span>卷五作：<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>一卷（原注：亦云<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自撰，述往來<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>事，見<span class="shuming">長房録</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span>又有<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>一卷（原注：見<span class="shuming">僧祐録</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span>又卷二十三，卷二十七，卷三十均有：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一卷，並注出“亦云<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>”。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷六百五十三及六百五十七作：<span class="shuming">法顯記</span>。（其前一則引自<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>經律過<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>開始東傳一段，文句經改寫，且有誤字；後一則引自<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一<span class="zhuanming">僧伽羅國</span>金像寶髻<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00007','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P7</span></i>一段，誤題作<span class="shuming">法顯記</span>。）</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">宋史</span>卷二百五<span class="shuming">藝文志</span><span class="shuming">子類</span>下<span class="shuming">道家類</span>附<span class="shuming">釋氏類</span>作：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一卷。</span> </p><p> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>以下歷代刊刻之大藏經多作：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一卷；唯<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代<span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>本作：<span class="shuming">昔道人法顯從長安行西至天竺傳</span>一卷；<span class="shuming">高麗藏</span>本作：<span class="shuming">高僧法顯傳</span>一卷。</span> </p><p> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">明</span>代以下諸叢書刊本，如<span class="shuming">祕册彙函</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津逮祕書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">唐宋叢書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">增訂漢魏叢書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學津討原</span>等，均作：<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>一卷；唯<span class="shuming">稗乘</span>作：<span class="shuming">三十國記</span>；<span class="zhuanming">張宗祥</span>據<span class="zhuanming">明</span>鈔本輯印<span class="shuming">説郛</span>卷四作：<span class="shuming">法顯記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>以上這些不同的題名，所指皆即一書。<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>首見稱於<span class="shuming">隋志</span>，但<span class="shuming">隋志</span>原注就已説明是“沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋法顯</span>撰”，今傳世的各本<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>，也都同於<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>。<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>即是<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，自<span class="shuming">開元録</span>以下皆有明文注記。所以<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>之爲同書異稱，並不發生問題。唯<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>和<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>是否爲一書，學者間嘗有異説。但<span class="shuming">初學記</span>卷二十三所引之<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺本記</span>，當即<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>，其中所載<span class="zhuanming">達嚫國迦葉佛伽藍</span>一段，實與今<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>（即<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>）所載者符合；<span class="shuming">集神州三寶感通録</span>卷中及<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷六百五十七所引之<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>，其中所載<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>上忉利天一夏爲母説法云云，也和今<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span><span class="zhuanming">僧伽施國</span>一節中所載者相似。由此看來，<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>和<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>應當即是一書。<span class="shuming">開元録</span>卷三和<span class="shuming">貞元録</span>卷五雖兼載<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>和<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>兩名，但於<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>下皆注“見<span class="shuming">僧祐録</span>”，又皆注“闕本”，則<span class="zhuanming">智昇</span>和<span class="zhuanming">圓照</span>都並未見到<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>這一“闕本”的書，難怪他們都不知其即爲<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>而誤入了。唯<span class="zhuanming">法經</span>等<span class="shuming">衆經目録</span>卷六不但兼收<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>和<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，且以前者爲“<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>聖賢所撰”的“<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>聖賢傳記”，以後者爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自述的“此方諸德記”，似明白分作兩書，致引起後人之紛紜。此蓋<span class="zhuanming">法經</span>等倉卒成編，一時疏於查核，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00008','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P8</span></i>未可即以爲據。<span class="shuming">衆經目録</span>之誤分一書爲二，可由<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>（即<span class="shuming">僧祐録</span>）而證明之。我們今天所見最早著録<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所傳經記的，是<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>，其卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下一共舉出書名十二部，但其中稱爲自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>的<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>帶回之梵文胡本僅十一部（譯出者<span class="shuming">大般泥洹</span>等六部，未譯出者<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>等五部），尚有一部即“<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>一卷”，固未嘗歸入梵文胡本之中，蓋即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自撰之<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>，亦即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，而非出於“<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>聖賢”之手的另一部書。</span> </p><p> <span>又<span class="shuming">水經注</span>中所載，有<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>和<span class="shuming">法顯行傳</span>二名；<span class="shuming">隋書</span>亦然，並記明<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>二卷，<span class="shuming">法顯行傳</span>一卷。這可能是由於<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>有詳略二本之故。今本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的跋文，大約是<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年（公元416年）<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>在<span class="zhuanming">建康</span><span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>譯經時他的檀越之所題，其中本有“先所略者，勸令詳載”之語。今本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>後出，應爲詳本，其先應尚有一略本。所稱<span class="shuming">法顯行傳</span>之一卷本，或即略本，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之二卷本，或即詳本。略本今當已不傳，今之傳本蓋爲詳本，特亦已改爲一卷耳。</span> </p><p> <span>除了<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛遊天竺記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>以外，本書還有如前所舉的其他一些名稱，最長的要數<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代刻本<span class="shuming">趙城藏</span>中<span class="shuming">昔道人法顯從長安行西至天竺傳</span>的十四字題名。這一些名稱之同指<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，皆不成問題，無待煩言。</span> </p><p class="weizhi_zhanwei"></p><p> <span>在我國佛教史上，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>末年的<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>常和<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代早期的<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>並稱。正如<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代另一著名僧人<span class="zhuanming">義淨</span>在他所著的<span class="shuming">大唐西域求法高僧傳</span>中所説：“觀夫自古<span class="zhuanming">神州</span>之地，輕生殉法之賓，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>法師則創闢荒途，<span class="zhuanming">奘</span>法師乃中開王路。其間或西越<span class="zhuanming">紫塞</span>而孤征，或南渡滄溟以單逝。……然而勝途多難，寶處彌長，苗秀盈十而蓋多，結實<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00009','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P9</span></i>罕一而全少。寔由茫茫象磧，長川吐赫日之光；浩浩鯨波，巨壑起滔天之浪。獨步<span class="zhuanming">鐵門</span>之外，亘萬嶺而投身；孤漂銅柱之前，跨千江而遣命。”<span class="zhuanming">義淨</span>這番話，説出了<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>當時求法僧人往來<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>和<span class="zhuanming">南亞</span>間旅程中的困苦和危險，並特别提出其先驅者<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>和<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>的重要性，也是把他們兩人同時並舉。對比起來，創闢荒途自然要較繼開中路更加艱難，這一點是很明白的。而且<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>之去<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>和從<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>歸來，都取道陸上，不如<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之陸去海還，曾身歷鯨波巨浪之險。還有一層，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>離<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>啓程西出時，雖然和<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>一樣只是一個普通的僧人，但到<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>後便結識了<span class="zhuanming">高昌王</span><span class="zhuanming">麴文泰</span>，約爲兄弟，臨别時<span class="zhuanming">高昌王</span>曾大加幫助。據<span class="shuming">大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>卷一所載，<span class="zhuanming">麴文泰</span>當時“爲法師度四沙彌以充給侍，製法服三十具，以西土多寒，又造面衣﹑手衣﹑靴﹑韈等各數事，黄金一百兩，銀錢三萬，綾及絹等五百疋，充法師往還二十年所用之資。給馬三十疋，手力二十五人，遣殿中侍郎<span class="zhuanming">史歡信</span>送至（<span class="zhuanming">西突厥</span>）<span class="zhuanming">葉護可汗</span>衙。（據<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">玄奘傳</span>，“以<span class="zhuanming">大雪山</span>北六十餘國皆其部統，故重遺遣<span class="zhuanming">奘</span>開前路也”。）又作二十四封書通<span class="zhuanming">屈支</span>等二十四國，每一封書附大綾一疋爲信。又以綾﹑綃五百疋，果味兩車，獻<span class="zhuanming">葉護可汗</span>，並書稱‘法師是奴弟，欲求法於<span class="zhuanming">婆羅門國</span>，願可汗憐師如憐奴，仍請敕以西諸國給鄔落馬遞送出境’”。可見<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>經過<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>後的繼續西行，是擁有這樣許多優越條件的。<span class="shuming">慈恩傳</span>接着還説，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>一路前進，“其所經諸國王侯禮重，皆此類也”。後來<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>中途之遇<span class="zhuanming">葉護可汗</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之遇<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅王</span>及<span class="zhuanming">戒日王</span>等，就是<span class="shuming">慈恩傳</span>這兩句話的例證。至於<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>歸國後之在<span class="zhuanming">唐太宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">高宗</span>父子種種庇護下完成他的大量譯經盛業，更爲衆所周知。對比起來，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的遠征<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，雖也曾得到過如<span class="zhuanming">張掖王</span><span class="zhuanming">段業</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>這樣一些人的施舍供給，但基本上<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>始終是一<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00010','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P10</span></i>個尋常的行脚僧；他在<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>的巡遊和居留，以及學梵書梵語，寫律傳經，皆出之以平淡；求經歸來到<span class="zhuanming">建康</span>後，從事傳譯的<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>，也還是一個尋常的譯經和尚，不曾聽見他有甚麽攀龍附鳳的活動；暮年死於<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span><span class="zhuanming">新寺</span>，事迹都不很清楚了。這樣看來，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>因於外力者少，而自身奮發者多，松風山月，似乎更覺高人一等了。</span> </p><p> <span>更就<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>和<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>的<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>這兩部著名的傳記而言，恬退恭順的<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>，能有時間親筆寫下他的遊記，言輒依實，質樸明暢；而<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>却不得不假手<span class="zhuanming">辯機</span>代筆寫下他的遊記，雖然文詞絢爛，却也不免帶上一些浮華的色彩。且<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>雖然質樸，但由於親身經歷，親筆自寫，常能在行間字裏發射出深厚的感情，十分觸動人心，有許多境界往往是<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>所未能達到的。如過<span class="zhuanming">小雪山</span>（在今<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span>東部<span class="zhuanming">賈拉拉巴德</span>附近）時記同伴<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>之死，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>撫之悲號的情景，又如記在<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>）<span class="zhuanming">無畏山僧伽藍</span>中青玉像前見商人以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地一白絹扇供養時，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>見物懷鄉，不覺悽然，淚下滿面的情况，都可見<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的深情流露于紙面，千載之下，感人猶新。所以<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>這部書，實在也具有極高的文學價值。</span> </p><p class="weizhi_zhanwei"></p><p> <span>而且，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>全書所記述到的地域範圍，除<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>本國外，還包括了<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南亞</span>和<span class="zhuanming">東南亞</span>，對於當時這樣一個廣大地區的地理﹑交通（包括從<span class="zhuanming">南亞</span>到<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>的航海交通）﹑宗教﹑文化﹑物産﹑風俗，乃至社會發展﹑經濟制度等等，無不有所述及，成爲研究公元第五世紀初<span class="zhuanming">亞洲</span>歷史的重要史料。在我國的佛教經録和經藏中，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>向來受到重視而被收入。特别自從十九世紀以來，隨着東西交通的日益增進，除了我國的學者外，<span class="zhuanming">歐洲</span>和<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>的學者也紛紛從事<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的翻譯﹑整理和研究，這都是有見於此書的重<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00011','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P11</span></i>要性而産生的結果。諸家舊作，時歷多年，我們今天正應該在前人所取得的成績上繼續努力，寫出新的校注本，以便利現代的讀者。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中還記載着當時<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>和<span class="zhuanming">亞洲</span>許多鄰族﹑鄰國間的密切友誼和文化交流，這些寶貴的歷史記録，十分值得加以發揚，來增進今天我國和<span class="zhuanming">亞洲</span>各國間的友好關係，這也正是我們當前應盡的責任。</span> </p><p> <span>這一册<span class="shuming">法顯傳校注</span>，就是在上述的認識上來編寫成書。至於有關校注工作的一些具體説明，包括對我編寫本書時所曾參考的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>刻本五種﹑<span class="zhuanming">金</span>刻本一種﹑古鈔本三種以及其他一些有關資料的介紹，另詳於後，兹不多及。</span> </p><p class="weizhi_zhanwei"></p><p> <span>二十餘年來，經常得和<span class="zhuanming">姚楠</span>教授共同從事中外交通史和歷史地理等方面的研究工作，實爲幸事。這册<span class="shuming">法顯傳校注</span>的完成，也和他的熱情鼓勵分不開，這是我首先應該表示謝意的。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">蘭州大學</span>歷史系<span class="zhuanming">湯季芳</span>教授一直關心本書的編寫工作，通過他的慷慨聯繫，承<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">京都大學</span><span class="zhuanming">井上清</span>教授熱情惠寄<span class="zhuanming">長澤和俊</span>教授的<span class="shuming">宫内廳書陵部圖書寮本法顯傳校注</span>（附有<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>刻<span class="zhuanming">開元禪寺</span>本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的影印本）以及<span class="zhuanming">天理圖書館</span>影印的<span class="zhuanming">石山寺</span>本和<span class="zhuanming">鎌倉</span>初期本兩種<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>古鈔本。<span class="zhuanming">開元禪寺</span>本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span><span class="zhuanming">東禪寺</span>本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>的化身，兩種古鈔本也都十分珍貴，都對本書的校釋工作有重大的幫助。對<span class="zhuanming">井上清</span>和<span class="zhuanming">湯季芳</span>兩位教授，敬此表示我衷心的感謝。有緣讀到<span class="zhuanming">長澤和俊</span>教授的大作，也甚感欣幸。</span> </p><p> <span>承<span class="zhuanming">華東師範大學</span><span class="zhuanming">羅祖德</span>同志多次代向<span class="zhuanming">師大圖書館</span>借用圖書；<span class="zhuanming">上海教育學院楊廷福</span>同志也曾惠借日文參考用書；<span class="zhuanming">上海塑料製品工業研究所龔方震</span>同志惠贈<span class="zhuanming">足立喜六</span>氏所著<span class="shuming">法顯傳—中亞﹑印度﹑南海紀行の研究</span>，並對若干梵文的復原工作代爲校覈；<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-D00012','587609',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P12</span></i><span class="zhuanming">金竹安</span>同志所繪地圖，爲本書生色不少。特在此對以上各位同志表示感謝。</span> </p><p> <span>還要感謝<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>編輯部<span class="zhuanming">姜俊俊</span>同志，在本書的寫作編校及付印諸過程中，經常得到她的許多協助。又我在<span class="zhuanming">復旦大學</span>歷史系爲研究生<span class="zhuanming">芮傳明</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黄靖</span>兩同學講授“史料分析”時，用<span class="shuming">法顯傳校注</span>的原稿作爲教材的一部分，他們曾爲我將原稿清鈔一遍，以便交付排印，也在此表示謝意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">章巽</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">1981年8月26日</span> </p></div></div></div>
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焉夷國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039586" key="1039586"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 焉夷國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039587" key="1039587"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00008','1385103',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P8</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000025">焉夷國</p><p> <span>復西北行十五日，到<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#87" id="75">〔1〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#88" id="76">〔2〕</a>僧亦有四千餘人，皆小乘學，法則齊整。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>土<a class="zhuhao" href="#89" id="77">〔3〕</a>沙門至彼都，不預其僧例<a class="zhuhao" href="#90" id="78">〔4〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>得<span class="zhuanming">苻</span>行堂公孫經理<a class="zhuhao" href="#91" id="79">〔5〕</a>，住二月餘日<a class="zhuhao" href="#92" id="80">〔6〕</a>。於是還與<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>等共<a class="zhuhao" href="#93" id="81">〔7〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>爲<a class="zhuhao" href="#94" id="82">〔8〕</a><span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span>人不修禮義<a class="zhuhao" href="#95" id="83">〔9〕</a>，遇客<a class="zhuhao" href="#96" id="84">〔10〕</a>甚薄，<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#97" id="85">〔11〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嵬</span>遂返向<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#98" id="86">〔12〕</a>，欲求行資。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00009','1385103',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P9</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#75" id="87">〔1〕</a>焉夷國：“焉”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>皆作“𠌥”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“烏”。下同。然<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>及<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>皆云“𨻳夷，上或作傿，於乾反”；<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>及<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>云“𠌥夷，上正作傿，於建反”；<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>云“𨻳，或作傿，於乾反”。可見作“𠌥”﹑“烏”者非也。<span class="shuming">金本</span>作“𨻳”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵵿”，即“傿”，皆與<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>等合，下同。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>自<span class="zhuanming">焉夷</span>至<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>之一段記載，其中“焉夷”二字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>皆作“烏帝”；<span class="shuming">朱</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全</span>三本於注中指出<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作“𠌥夷”，<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>并即改作“𠌥夷”，仍未知“𠌥”字亦非；<span class="shuming">楊本</span>以“字書無𠌥字”，改作“烏夷”，然“烏”字亦非也。<span class="shuming">音義</span>云：“焉夷國，上謁乾反。”可見<span class="shuming">音義</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本作“焉”，今據改，下同。<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span>即<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>所載“<span class="zhuanming">焉耆國</span>，王治<span class="zhuanming">員渠城</span>”之<span class="zhuanming">焉耆國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">員渠</span>即<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>之音轉，<span class="zhuanming">焉夷</span>亦即<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>。<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>之“焉”，亦作“傿”或“鄢”，在佛教經籍傳本中常譌作“烏”﹑“𠌥”或“鄔”（詳見<span class="zhuanming">伯希</span><span class="zhuanming">和</span><span class="shuming">説吐火羅語</span>，載<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="shuming">吐火羅語考</span>143—155頁）。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所到<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span>都城故址，當在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">焉耆回族自治縣</span>境。<span class="zhuanming">黄文弼</span>以爲今<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span><span class="zhuanming">回族自治縣</span>西北之<span class="zhuanming">哈拉木登</span>南約十餘里有舊城，可能曾爲<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代以前<span class="zhuanming">焉耆國</span>之政治中心區（見<span class="zhuanming">黄</span>氏<span class="shuming">塔里木盆地考古記</span>7頁及圖二）。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>西行之初，亦曾取道於此，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一中所稱之<span class="zhuanming">阿耆尼國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">黄文弼</span>以爲<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時<span class="zhuanming">阿耆尼國</span>之都城可能已遷至今<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span><span class="zhuanming">回族自治縣</span>西南四十里之<span class="zhuanming">四十里城子</span>附近的<span class="zhuanming">博格達沁</span>舊城（見同書6，135—136頁）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#76" id="88">〔2〕</a>焉夷國：<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此三字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#77" id="89">〔3〕</a>秦土：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>所稱“<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>土”﹑“<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>”﹑“<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>”﹑“<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地”﹑“<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地”等，一般皆指當時我國之中原一帶地區而言。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#78" id="90">〔4〕</a>秦土沙門至彼都不預其僧例：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>皆無此十二字。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（13頁）謂<span class="shuming">資本</span>亦無此十二字，恐是<span class="zhuanming">足立</span>氏誤記，因同書<span class="shuming">序説</span>（15—16頁）明明説<span class="shuming">資本</span>與<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版不同，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版（即<span class="shuming">東本</span>與<span class="shuming">開本</span>）所無之三處（即〔焉夷國〕節缺十二字，〔毗舍離國〕節缺三百餘字，<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>〔王城及佛齒供養〕節缺十三字），<span class="shuming">資本</span>皆有也。“預”，<span class="shuming">金本</span>作“豫”。“例”字下<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>增“也”字。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（12頁，202—203頁）認爲此十二字或與後文〔毗舍離國〕節之三百零八字，及<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>〔王城及佛齒供養〕節僧庫“勿聽王入”<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00010','1385103',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P10</span></i>以下之十三字皆爲後人所竄加。<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span><span class="shuming">評（足立喜六）考證法顯傳</span>以爲不然，<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>氏曰：“按此（十二字）謂<span class="zhuanming">𠌥夷國</span>（應作<span class="zhuanming">焉夷國</span>）戒律整齊，<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>沙門來，不能入其僧伽，受供給。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>到此，幸而有<span class="zhuanming">符</span>公孫之經理，而得住二月餘。<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>版缺‘不預僧例’一句，遂使人不能明了何以<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>須受<span class="zhuanming">符</span>公孫之供給。因此<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本缺此十二字，實是刊印脱誤，並非<span class="shuming">麗本</span>（及他本）刊行時此十二字自他處竄入也。”（載<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>氏<span class="shuming">往日雜稿</span>）。參看後文〔毗舍離國〕節注〔51〕及<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>〔王城及佛齒供養〕節注〔9〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#79" id="91">〔5〕</a>苻行堂公孫經理：“苻”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>同，其他各本皆作“符”；<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>改作“苻”，下同。“堂”，<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“當”。“經理”，<span class="shuming">金本</span>作“理”。“行堂”，<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上：“<span class="shuming">善見律</span>云：‘有善男子，欲求出家，未得衣鉢，欲依寺中住者，名畔頭波羅沙。’今詳，若此方行者也。經中多呼修行人爲行者。”行者所居寮舍謂之行堂，故行者亦得稱爲行堂。“公孫”，則爲對貴族官僚的子弟之尊稱。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（12—13頁）以爲<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>七年（公元382年）九月，<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>命<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>率兵十萬，鐵騎五千，以伐<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>諸國皆降，嗣<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>敗死，<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>乃於<span class="zhuanming">太元</span>十一年（公元386年）十二月據<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>自立，<span class="zhuanming">符</span>公孫恐是<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>之一族，原在<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>軍中，後即留此處爲行堂者，故據<span class="shuming">石本</span>改“符”作“苻”，今從之。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#80" id="92">〔6〕</a>餘日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“餘日餘日”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#81" id="93">〔7〕</a>寶雲等共：<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“寶雲等共合”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“實雲等共合”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#82" id="94">〔8〕</a>爲：<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#83" id="95">〔9〕</a>禮義：<span class="shuming">金本</span>作“礼儀”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“禮儀”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#84" id="96">〔10〕</a>遇客：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“過容”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#85" id="97">〔11〕</a>慧簡：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“慧蘭”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#86" id="98">〔12〕</a>遂返向高昌：<span class="shuming">東本</span>作“遂返遷向昌”；<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“遂返遷向唱”；<span class="shuming">金本</span>作“遂返向高昌國”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“遂反遷向唱”；<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“遂返遷向高昌”。<span class="zhuanming">高昌城</span>故址在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">吐魯番縣</span>東約五十公里的<span class="zhuanming">勝金口</span>之南，位于<span class="zhuanming">二堡</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">哈喇和卓</span>）和<span class="zhuanming">三堡</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">阿斯塔那</span>）之間。<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>地當衝要，兩<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時爲戊己校尉駐所。在<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>時代前後，<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>中之<span class="zhuanming">前涼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>皆置<span class="zhuanming">高昌郡</span>於此。當時已有大乘教之流行，佛教固甚發達（見<span class="zhuanming">賀昌羣</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">羽溪了諦</span><span class="shuming">西域之佛教</span>300—303頁），<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>等欲求行資而返<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>，蓋以此故。<span class="zhuanming">唐玄奘</span>西行之初，亦取道<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>，停留一月餘日，爲當時<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>之割據者<span class="zhuanming">麴文泰</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00011','1385103',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P11</span></i>講<span class="shuming">仁王般若經</span>，并受其資助（詳見<span class="shuming">大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>卷一）。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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跋提精舍
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124961" key="1124961"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 跋提精舍 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124962" key="1124962"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00134','1385147',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P134</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000116">跋提精舍</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">無畏精舍</span>東四十里，有一山<a class="zhuhao" href="#2209" id="2203">〔1〕</a>。山<a class="zhuhao" href="#2210" id="2204">〔2〕</a>中有精舍，名<span class="zhuanming">跋提</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2211" id="2205">〔3〕</a>，可有二千僧。僧中有一大德沙門，名<span class="zhuanming">達摩瞿諦</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2212" id="2206">〔4〕</a>，其國人民皆共宗仰。住一石室中四十許年，常行<a class="zhuhao" href="#2213" id="2207">〔5〕</a>，慈心，能感蛇鼠，使同止<a class="zhuhao" href="#2214" id="2208">〔6〕</a>一室而不相害。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2203" id="2209">〔1〕</a>東四十里有一山：“東”，鎌本作“東西”。此“一山”當指<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹羅陀補羅</span>城東八哩之<span class="zhuanming">密興多列</span>（Mihintale），相傳<span class="zhuanming">摩哂陀</span>到<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>後於此山初會<span class="zhuanming">天愛帝須王</span>，故佛教徒尊之爲聖山。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2204" id="2210">〔2〕</a>山：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2205" id="2211">〔3〕</a>跋提：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>等均作“跋提”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“提”一字；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“柭提”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“支提”。<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹羅陀補羅</span>城東<span class="zhuanming">密興多列山</span>有著名古寺，曰<span class="zhuanming">塔山寺</span>（Cetiyagirivihāra），相傳<span class="zhuanming">摩哂陀</span>及其弟子初到<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>即於此處石窟中坐雨安居，爲<span class="zhuanming">塔山寺</span>建立之始。<span class="zhuanming">支提</span>蓋即Cetiya之對音。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（209頁）及<span class="zhuanming">長澤和俊</span>氏<span class="shuming">法顯傳校注</span>（40頁）又以爲<span class="zhuanming">密興多列山</span>中有Ambstala精舍，<span class="zhuanming">跋提</span>或爲Ambstala一名對音之訛略。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00135','1385147',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P135</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2206" id="2212">〔4〕</a>達摩瞿諦：<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>第三卷（285頁）云，公元五世紀初，<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>有高僧Mahādharmakathin以傳譯佛教經籍爲僧伽羅文著名，蓋即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">達摩瞿諦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">達摩瞿諦</span>與dharmakathin對音正相合也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2207" id="2213">〔5〕</a>常行：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“當行”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“常德”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2208" id="2214">〔6〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“上”；他各本皆作“止”，今據改。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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沙行
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039590" key="1039590"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 沙行 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039591" key="1039591"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00011','1385104',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P11</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000027">沙行</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#102" id="99">〔1〕</a>蒙<span class="zhuanming">苻</span>公孫供給，遂得直進。西南行，路中無居民<a class="zhuhao" href="#103" id="100">〔2〕</a>，沙行艱難<a class="zhuhao" href="#104" id="101">〔3〕</a>，所經之苦，人理莫比。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#99" id="102">〔1〕</a>法顯等：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“法顯法等”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#100" id="103">〔2〕</a>居民：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“人民”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#101" id="104">〔3〕</a>沙行艱難：“沙”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“涉”，<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“沙”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“沙”，今據改。<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>曰：“<span class="shuming">箋</span>曰：‘沙行，一本作涉行。’按：沙行，言行沙磧中也，涉字義非。”此沙行指由<span class="zhuanming">焉夷</span>直達<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>，取西南方向通過<span class="zhuanming">塔克拉瑪干沙漠</span>的旅行。<span class="zhuanming">瑞典</span>探測家<span class="zhuanming">斯文·赫定</span>曾於十九世紀末年多次進入我國<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>進行探測工作，其中一次係自一八九六年一月十四日至二月二十三日，由<span class="zhuanming">和闐</span>向東北沿<span class="zhuanming">克里雅河</span>進入並通過<span class="zhuanming">塔克拉瑪干沙漠</span>而達大沙漠以北的<span class="zhuanming">沙雅</span>，歷時四十一天（據<span class="zhuanming">孫仲寬</span>譯Sven Anders <span class="song">Hedin</span><span class="shuming">我的探險生涯</span>）。按：<span class="zhuanming">沙雅</span>尚在<span class="zhuanming">焉夷</span>的西南，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>當時的路線，正和上述<span class="zhuanming">斯文·赫定</span>的路線相對，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>是取向西南直進的方向，大約從<span class="zhuanming">焉夷</span>直向西南通過<span class="zhuanming">塔克拉瑪干沙漠</span>而達<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所行路程比<span class="zhuanming">斯文·赫定</span>更長，而在道僅爲一月五日，比<span class="zhuanming">斯文·赫定</span>的歷時四十一天還短些。“所經之苦，人理莫比”，誠非虚語，可見其艱苦卓絶的精神。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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摩訶毗訶羅精舍
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124965" key="1124965"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 摩訶毗訶羅精舍 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124966" key="1124966"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00135','1385148',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P135</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000118">摩訶毗訶羅精舍</p><p> <span>城南七里有一精舍，名<span class="zhuanming">摩訶毗訶羅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2239" id="2215">〔1〕</a>，有三千僧住。</span> </p><p> <span>有一高德沙門，戒行清潔，國人咸疑是<a class="zhuhao" href="#2240" id="2216">〔2〕</a>羅漢。臨終之時，王來省視，依法集僧而問：“比丘得道耶？”其便以實答言：“是羅漢。”既終，王即案經律，以羅漢法葬之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2241" id="2217">〔3〕</a>。於精舍東四﹑五里，積好大薪<a class="zhuhao" href="#2242" id="2218">〔4〕</a>，縱﹑廣可三丈餘，高亦爾，近上著栴檀﹑沉水諸香木，四邊作階<a class="zhuhao" href="#2243" id="2219">〔5〕</a>上，持净好白㲲周帀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2244" id="2220">〔6〕</a>蒙𧂐上<a class="zhuhao" href="#2245" id="2221">〔7〕</a>。作大轝<a class="zhuhao" href="#2246" id="2222">〔8〕</a>床，似此間𨎪車<a class="zhuhao" href="#2247" id="2223">〔9〕</a>，但無龍魚耳。當闍維時<a class="zhuhao" href="#2248" id="2224">〔10〕</a>，王及國人﹑四衆咸集<a class="zhuhao" href="#2249" id="2225">〔11〕</a>，以華香供養。從轝<a class="zhuhao" href="#2250" id="2226">〔12〕</a>至墓所，王自<a class="zhuhao" href="#2251" id="2227">〔13〕</a>華香供養。供養訖，轝<a class="zhuhao" href="#2252" id="2228">〔14〕</a>著𧂐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2253" id="2229">〔15〕</a>上，酥油<a class="zhuhao" href="#2254" id="2230">〔16〕</a>遍灌，然後燒之。火然之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2255" id="2231">〔17〕</a>時，人人敬心，各脱上服，及羽儀﹑傘蓋，遥擲火中，以助闍維。闍維已，收檢<a class="zhuhao" href="#2256" id="2232">〔18〕</a>取骨，即以起塔。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>至，不及其生存，唯見葬時。</span> </p><p> <span>王<a class="zhuhao" href="#2257" id="2233">〔19〕</a>篤信佛法，欲爲衆僧作新精舍。先設大會，飯食僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#2258" id="2234">〔20〕</a>。供養已，乃選<a class="zhuhao" href="#2259" id="2235">〔21〕</a>好上牛一雙，金銀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2260" id="2236">〔22〕</a>﹑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00136','1385148',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P136</span></i>寶物莊校角上。作好金犁<a class="zhuhao" href="#2261" id="2237">〔23〕</a>，王自耕頃四邊<a class="zhuhao" href="#2262" id="2238">〔24〕</a>，然後割給民户﹑田宅，書以鐵券。自是已後，代代相承，無敢廢易。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2215" id="2239">〔1〕</a>摩訶毗訶羅：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“摩訶毗可羅”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“摩訶毗呵羅”。<span class="zhuanming">摩訶毗訶羅</span>（Mahāvihāra），<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一同此譯名，即著名之<span class="zhuanming">大寺</span>也。相傳<span class="zhuanming">天愛帝須王</span>既迎<span class="zhuanming">摩哂陀</span>至王城<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹羅陀補羅</span>，以城南之<span class="zhuanming">摩訶彌伽</span>（Mahāmegha）王園布施僧團，爲<span class="zhuanming">大寺</span>創建之始。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2216" id="2240">〔2〕</a>咸疑是：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“感疑是”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“咸疑是是”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2217" id="2241">〔3〕</a>葬之：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“祭之”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“莽之”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2218" id="2242">〔4〕</a>大薪：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“天薪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2219" id="2243">〔5〕</a>階：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“皆”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“階道”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2220" id="2244">〔6〕</a>白㲲：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“白縶”。“白㲲”，<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“白褺”，注云：“（褺）正合作㲲，今傳本盡作縶，……非也。詳其義例，合是白㲲，應從衣作褺，於義亦失，今宜作㲲是也。”可見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時傳本亦多訛作縶字矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2221" id="2245">〔7〕</a>蒙𧂐上：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“蒙籠󵶒上”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“蒙積”。“𧂐”，<span class="shuming">音義</span>亦作“積”，注云：“<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：‘積，聚也，從禾，責聲。’<span class="shuming">傳</span>從草作𧂐，俗字也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2222" id="2246">〔8〕</a>轝：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“舉”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“輿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2223" id="2247">〔9〕</a>𨎪車：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“輲車”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“轜車”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>皆作“輲車”，注云：“上或作輀，音而，喪車也。輲（<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>此字作‘又’），市緣反，無輪（當作輻）車也。”<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“輀車”，注云：“……<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：‘輀，喪車也，從車，而聲。’<span class="shuming">傳</span>作𨎪，俗用，非也。”<span class="zhuanming">段</span>注<span class="shuming">説文解字</span>以爲作“𨎪”者是，<span class="shuming">音義</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本固作“𨎪”也。<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>皆作“𨎪”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2224" id="2248">〔10〕</a>闍維時：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“闍維等。”闍維爲巴利文Jhāpeti之音譯，亦譯荼毗，即涅疊般那（梵文nirdahana之音譯），義是焚燒，猶言火葬也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2225" id="2249">〔11〕</a>咸集：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“感集”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2226" id="2250">〔12〕</a>轝：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“輿”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00137','1385148',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P137</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2227" id="2251">〔13〕</a>自：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“自散”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2228" id="2252">〔14〕</a>轝：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舉”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2229" id="2253">〔15〕</a>𧂐：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“󵶓”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2230" id="2254">〔16〕</a>酥油：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“蘇油”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𧁨油”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“酥油”，今據改。<span class="shuming">麗本</span>“酥油”上多一“以”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2231" id="2255">〔17〕</a>之：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2232" id="2256">〔18〕</a>收檢：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“收斂”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“取檢”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“即檢”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2233" id="2257">〔19〕</a>王：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“其王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2234" id="2258">〔20〕</a>僧：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2235" id="2259">〔21〕</a>選：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“巽”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2236" id="2260">〔22〕</a>銀：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“餘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2237" id="2261">〔23〕</a>犁：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“梨”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2238" id="2262">〔24〕</a>耕頃四邊：麗本作“耕頃墾規郭四邊”。“頃”字<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“湏”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“頂”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
于闐國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039596" key="1039596"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 于闐國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039597" key="1039597"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00011','1385105',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P11</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000029">于闐國</p><p> <span>在道一月五日，得到<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#140" id="105">〔1〕</a>。其國豐樂，人民殷盛，盡皆奉法，以法樂相娱。衆僧乃數萬人，多大乘<a class="zhuhao" href="#141" id="106">〔2〕</a><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00012','1385105',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P12</span></i>學，皆有衆食<a class="zhuhao" href="#142" id="107">〔3〕</a>。彼國人民星居<a class="zhuhao" href="#143" id="108">〔4〕</a>，家家門前皆起小塔，最小者可高二丈許。作四方僧房，供給客僧及餘所須。國主安堵<a class="zhuhao" href="#144" id="109">〔5〕</a><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等於僧伽藍<a class="zhuhao" href="#145" id="110">〔6〕</a>。僧伽藍名<span class="zhuanming">瞿摩帝</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#146" id="111">〔7〕</a>，是大乘寺，三千僧共犍槌<a class="zhuhao" href="#147" id="112">〔8〕</a>食。入食堂時，威儀齊肅，次第而坐，一切寂然，器鉢無聲。淨人<a class="zhuhao" href="#148" id="113">〔9〕</a>益食不得相唤，但以手指麾。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>先發<a class="zhuhao" href="#149" id="114">〔10〕</a>，向<span class="zhuanming">竭叉國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#150" id="115">〔11〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等欲觀行像，停三月日。</span> </p><p> <span>其國中十四大僧伽藍<a class="zhuhao" href="#151" id="116">〔12〕</a>，不數小者。從四月一日<a class="zhuhao" href="#152" id="117">〔13〕</a>，城裏便掃灑道路，莊嚴<a class="zhuhao" href="#153" id="118">〔14〕</a>巷陌。其城門上張大幃幕<a class="zhuhao" href="#154" id="119">〔15〕</a>，事事嚴餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#155" id="120">〔16〕</a>，王及夫人﹑采女<a class="zhuhao" href="#156" id="121">〔17〕</a>皆住其中。<span class="zhuanming">瞿摩帝</span>僧是大乘學，王所敬重，最先行像。離城三四里，作四輪像車，高三丈餘，狀如行殿，七寶<a class="zhuhao" href="#157" id="122">〔18〕</a>莊校，懸繒幡蓋<a class="zhuhao" href="#158" id="123">〔19〕</a>。像立車中，二菩薩<a class="zhuhao" href="#159" id="124">〔20〕</a>侍，作諸天<a class="zhuhao" href="#160" id="125">〔21〕</a>侍從<a class="zhuhao" href="#161" id="126">〔22〕</a>，皆金銀彫瑩<a class="zhuhao" href="#162" id="127">〔23〕</a>，懸於虚空。像去門百步，王脱天冠<a class="zhuhao" href="#163" id="128">〔24〕</a>，易著新衣，徒跣持華香，翼從出城迎像，頭面禮足<a class="zhuhao" href="#164" id="129">〔25〕</a>，散華燒香。像入城時，門樓上夫人﹑采女<a class="zhuhao" href="#165" id="130">〔26〕</a>遥散衆華，紛紛而下。如是莊嚴供具，車車<a class="zhuhao" href="#166" id="131">〔27〕</a>各異。一僧伽藍則一日行像。白月一日<a class="zhuhao" href="#167" id="132">〔28〕</a>爲始<a class="zhuhao" href="#168" id="133">〔29〕</a>，至十四日行像乃訖。行像訖，王及夫人乃還宫耳。</span> </p><p> <span>其城西七八里有僧伽藍，名<span class="zhuanming">王新寺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#169" id="134">〔30〕</a>。作來八十年，經三王方成。可高二十五丈，彫文刻鏤，金銀覆上，衆寶合成。塔後作佛堂，莊嚴妙好，梁柱﹑户扇﹑䆫<a class="zhuhao" href="#170" id="135">〔31〕</a><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00013','1385105',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P13</span></i>牖，皆以金薄。别作僧房，亦<a class="zhuhao" href="#171" id="136">〔32〕</a>嚴麗整餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#172" id="137">〔33〕</a>，非言可盡。</span> </p><p> <span>嶺東六國<a class="zhuhao" href="#173" id="138">〔34〕</a>諸王，所有上價<a class="zhuhao" href="#174" id="139">〔35〕</a>寶物，多作供養，人用者少。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#105" id="140">〔1〕</a>于闐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“于殿”。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>：“<span class="zhuanming">于闐國</span>，王治<span class="zhuanming">西城</span>。”<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>：“<span class="zhuanming">于寘國</span>，居<span class="zhuanming">西城</span>。”<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>：“<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>，……其居曰<span class="zhuanming">西山城</span>。”<span class="zhuanming">西城</span>即<span class="zhuanming">西山城</span>，其故址在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">和闐縣</span>城東南約二十四公里之<span class="zhuanming">什斯比爾</span>（維語“三道牆”之義），亦稱<span class="zhuanming">下庫馬提</span>，位於<span class="zhuanming">玉瓏喀什河</span>西岸（據<span class="zhuanming">黄文弼</span><span class="shuming">塔里木盆地考古記</span>53—54頁及138—139頁）。<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>曾過此國；<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>歸國時亦曾過此國，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十二稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">瞿薩旦那國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#106" id="141">〔2〕</a>大乘：梵文Mahāyāna（摩訶衍那）的意譯。詳見上文〔鄯善國〕節注〔6〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#107" id="142">〔3〕</a>衆食：即以饌食供養僧衆也。本書<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>下述衆食之制云：“其國人云，都可六萬僧，悉有衆食，王别於城内供五六千人衆食，須者則持本鉢往取，隨器所容，皆滿而還。”<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一<span class="zhuanming">僧伽羅國</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>）下亦云：“王宫側建大厨，日營萬八千僧食，食時既至，僧徒持鉢受饌，即得食己，各還其居。”<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>僧徒衆食之制當亦與此相類。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#108" id="143">〔4〕</a>星居：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>無此二字；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“星”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#109" id="144">〔5〕</a>安堵：<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“安頓供給”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“安頓”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#110" id="145">〔6〕</a>僧伽藍：梵文Saṅghārāma之音譯，意譯“衆園”或“僧房”，佛教寺院之通稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#111" id="146">〔7〕</a>瞿摩帝：此爲古代<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>之著名佛寺。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">于闐國</span>治<span class="zhuanming">西城</span>，城南一十五里有<span class="zhuanming">利刹寺</span>（<span class="shuming">楊本</span><span class="zhuanming">熊會貞</span>云，據<span class="shuming">酉陽雜俎</span>卷十，應作<span class="zhuanming">刹利寺</span>）；<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>記，<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>王曾爲<span class="zhuanming">毗盧旃</span>置立寺舍；<span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>“城南五十里（按：五十里恐是十五里之誤）有<span class="zhuanming">贊摩寺</span>，即昔羅漢比丘<span class="zhuanming">比盧旃</span>爲其王造覆盆浮圖之所”（按：<span class="shuming">魏書</span>原作<span class="zhuanming">盧旃</span>，“比”字依<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00014','1385105',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P14</span></i><span class="shuming">周書</span><span class="shuming">異域列傳</span>補）；<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十二云，<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>“王城南十餘里有大伽藍，此國先王爲<span class="zhuanming">毘盧折那</span>（原注：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">遍照</span>）<span class="zhuanming">阿羅漢</span>建也”。以上四書記載之寺院，皆指此<span class="zhuanming">瞿摩帝僧伽藍</span>。今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">和闐縣</span>城東南<span class="zhuanming">什斯比爾</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">下庫馬提</span>，見注〔1〕）更南十餘里之<span class="zhuanming">上庫馬提</span>，有古代大寺廟遺址，蓋即<span class="zhuanming">瞿摩帝僧伽藍</span>之所在，現此地仍名<span class="zhuanming">庫馬提</span>，亦必由古代<span class="zhuanming">瞿摩帝</span>之名因襲而來（據<span class="zhuanming">黄文弼</span><span class="shuming">塔里木盆地考古記</span>53—54頁）。<span class="zhuanming">瞿摩帝</span>乃梵文Gomati之音譯，<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（17頁）以爲義“牛富”，<span class="zhuanming">瞿摩帝寺</span>即<span class="zhuanming">牛富寺</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#112" id="147">〔8〕</a>犍槌：<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“揵搥”。梵文Ghaṇṭā之音譯，指寺院中以金屬或木製成，能擊而發聲以集衆或“消災”之物的通稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#113" id="148">〔9〕</a>淨人：指未出家而在寺院中奉侍僧侣的俗人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#114" id="149">〔10〕</a>先發：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“無發”，蓋誤以“先”爲“无”，再又改“无”爲“無”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#115" id="150">〔11〕</a>竭叉國：見本書〔竭叉國〕節注〔2〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#116" id="151">〔12〕</a>十四大僧伽藍：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“有四大僧伽藍”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“四大僧伽藍”。下文有云，“一僧伽藍則一日行像”，而行像爲期十四日，此當以十四大僧伽藍爲是。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#117" id="152">〔13〕</a>四月一日：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中歲月皆當以我國夏曆計算，此四月一日即夏曆四月初一日也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#118" id="153">〔14〕</a>莊嚴：“莊”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“㽵”，後同。佛教常用語，謂以功德來飾身或以美裝來飾物爲莊嚴。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#119" id="154">〔15〕</a>幃幕：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“愇幕”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“愇慔”，“愇”爲“幃”之誤，“慔”爲“幙”之誤；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“幃幕”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#120" id="155">〔16〕</a>嚴餝：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“嚴飾”。餝同飾。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#121" id="156">〔17〕</a>采女：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“綵女”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“婇女”，即宫女也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#122" id="157">〔18〕</a>七寶：佛教諸經論常説及七寶，但所説略有異同。如<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>及<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>皆<span class="shuming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯，而前者（<span class="shuming">授記品</span>第六）以金﹑銀﹑琉璃﹑硨磲﹑碼碯﹑真珠﹑玫瑰爲七寶，後者（卷十）以金﹑銀﹑毗琉璃﹑頗梨﹑車渠﹑馬瑙﹑赤真珠爲七寶。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#123" id="158">〔19〕</a>懸繒幡蓋：繒是絲織品的總稱，幡即旗幡，蓋即天蓋。懸繒幡蓋謂懸掛絲織的旗幡和天蓋。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00015','1385105',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P15</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#124" id="159">〔20〕</a>菩薩：梵文Bodhisattva音譯菩提薩埵之略，菩提意爲“覺悟”和“成道”，薩埵意爲“勇猛”，菩提薩埵的意思是猛進求大菩提者。佛教並以爲由菩薩地可進而至佛地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#125" id="160">〔21〕</a>諸天：天爲梵文Deva之意譯，音譯提婆，本爲婆羅門教的神，佛教亦加以吸收。此處的諸天即諸天神之意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#126" id="161">〔22〕</a>侍從：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“傅從”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#127" id="162">〔23〕</a>皆金銀彫瑩：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“皆以金銀彫瑩”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#128" id="163">〔24〕</a>天冠：即“通天冠”之簡稱，指古代帝王戴的帽子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#129" id="164">〔25〕</a>頭面禮足：即以頭面叩禮佛足，乃最上之敬禮。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷十云：“何以名頭面禮足？答曰：‘人身中第一貴者頭，五情所著而最在上故；足第一賤，履不淨處最在下故。是以所貴禮所賤，貴重供養故。’”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#130" id="165">〔26〕</a>采女：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“婇女”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#131" id="166">〔27〕</a>車車：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“車事”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#132" id="167">〔28〕</a>白月一日：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“四月一日”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“自月一日”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“白月一日”，今據改。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二記古<span class="shuming">印度</span>曆法云：“月盈至滿謂之白分，月虧至晦謂之黑分。黑分或十四日﹑十五日，月有小大故也。黑前白後，合爲一月。”由是可見白分相當我國夏曆之前半月，黑分相當夏曆之後半月，故白月一日相當夏曆之初一日，黑月一日相當夏曆之十六日。此白月一日即指四月初一日（見注〔13〕）。<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（10—11頁），<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（18—19頁）及<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（5—6頁），皆作如此計算。唯<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（19—20頁）獨以注〔13〕所言之四月一日爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>月四月一日（黑月一日），云此處白月一日爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>月四月十六日，非也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#133" id="168">〔29〕</a>爲始：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“始”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#134" id="169">〔30〕</a>王新寺：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十二云，<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>“王城西五六里，有<span class="zhuanming">娑摩若僧伽藍</span>，中有窣堵波，高百餘尺，甚多靈瑞，時燭神光”。<span class="zhuanming">王新寺</span>佛堂前亦有塔，去王城之距離又相若，可見<span class="shuming">西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">娑摩若僧伽藍</span>蓋即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之<span class="zhuanming">王新寺</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#135" id="170">〔31〕</a>䆫：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“窓”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“窻”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#136" id="171">〔32〕</a>亦：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#137" id="172">〔33〕</a>餝：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“飾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#138" id="173">〔34〕</a>嶺東六國：<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（20頁）及<span class="zhuanming">賀昌羣</span><span class="shuming">古代西域交通與法顯印度<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00016','1385105',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P16</span></i>巡禮</span>（21頁）以爲嶺東六國乃指<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>南道的<span class="zhuanming">鄯善</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">且末</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">且末縣</span>附近）﹑<span class="zhuanming">精絶</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">民豐縣</span>北）﹑<span class="zhuanming">扜彌</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">于闐縣</span>附近）﹑<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">莎車</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">莎車縣</span>）而言。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#139" id="174">〔35〕</a>上價：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“上賈”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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天竺道人誦經
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124970" key="1124970"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 天竺道人誦經 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124971" key="1124971"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00137','1385149',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P137</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000120">天竺道人誦經</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>在此國，聞<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>道人於高座<a class="zhuhao" href="#2295" id="2263">〔1〕</a>上誦經，云：“佛鉢本在<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>，今在<span class="zhuanming">揵陁衛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2296" id="2264">〔2〕</a>。竟若干百年，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>聞誦之時<a class="zhuhao" href="#2297" id="2265">〔3〕</a>有定歲數，但今忘耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#2298" id="2266">〔4〕</a>。</span> <span>當復至<span class="zhuanming">西月氏國</span>。若干百年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2299" id="2267">〔5〕</a>，當至<span class="zhuanming">于闐國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2300" id="2268">〔6〕</a>。住若干百年，當至<span class="zhuanming">屈茨國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2301" id="2269">〔7〕</a>若干百年，當復來到<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地<a class="zhuhao" href="#2302" id="2270">〔8〕</a>。住若干百年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2303" id="2271">〔9〕</a>，當復至<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2304" id="2272">〔10〕</a>。若干百年，當還<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>。到<span class="zhuanming">中天</span>已<a class="zhuhao" href="#2305" id="2273">〔11〕</a>，當上兜術<a class="zhuhao" href="#2306" id="2274">〔12〕</a>天上。<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>見而嘆曰：‘<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文佛</span>鉢至。’即共諸天華香供養七日。七日已<a class="zhuhao" href="#2307" id="2275">〔13〕</a>，還<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>，海龍王持<a class="zhuhao" href="#2308" id="2276">〔14〕</a>入龍宫。至<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>將成道時，鉢還分爲四，復本<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00138','1385149',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P138</span></i><span class="zhuanming">頻那山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2309" id="2277">〔15〕</a>上。<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>成道已，四天王，當復應念佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#2310" id="2278">〔16〕</a>如先<a class="zhuhao" href="#2311" id="2279">〔17〕</a>佛法。賢劫千佛共用此鉢<a class="zhuhao" href="#2312" id="2280">〔18〕</a>。鉢去已，佛法漸滅。佛法滅後，人壽轉短<a class="zhuhao" href="#2313" id="2281">〔19〕</a>，乃至五歲。五歲<a class="zhuhao" href="#2314" id="2282">〔20〕</a>之時，粳米﹑酥油<a class="zhuhao" href="#2315" id="2283">〔21〕</a>皆悉化滅，人民極惡，捉木<a class="zhuhao" href="#2316" id="2284">〔22〕</a>則變成刀﹑杖，共相傷割殺<a class="zhuhao" href="#2317" id="2285">〔23〕</a>。其中有福者，逃避入山，惡人相殺盡已，還復來出，共相謂言：‘昔人壽極長，但爲惡甚，作諸<a class="zhuhao" href="#2318" id="2286">〔24〕</a>非法故，我等壽命遂爾短促<a class="zhuhao" href="#2319" id="2287">〔25〕</a>，乃至五歲<a class="zhuhao" href="#2320" id="2288">〔26〕</a>。我今共行諸善，起慈悲心，修行仁義<a class="zhuhao" href="#2321" id="2289">〔27〕</a>。’如是各行信儀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2322" id="2290">〔28〕</a>，展轉壽倍，乃至八萬歲。<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>出世，初轉法輪<a class="zhuhao" href="#2323" id="2291">〔29〕</a>時，先度<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>遺法<a class="zhuhao" href="#2324" id="2292">〔30〕</a>弟子﹑出家人及受三歸﹑五戒﹑齋法，供養三寶者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2325" id="2293">〔31〕</a>，第二﹑第三次度有緣者。”<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>爾時欲寫此經，其人云：“此無經本，我止<a class="zhuhao" href="#2326" id="2294">〔32〕</a>口誦耳。”</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2263" id="2295">〔1〕</a>座：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2264" id="2296">〔2〕</a>揵陁衛：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“建陁衛”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“氏揵陁衛”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2265" id="2297">〔3〕</a>之時：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“時”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2266" id="2298">〔4〕</a>今忘耳：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“今忘”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“念亡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2267" id="2299">〔5〕</a>年：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“千”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2268" id="2300">〔6〕</a>于闐國：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“于殿國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2269" id="2301">〔7〕</a>屈茨國：<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>注：“别名龜兹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2270" id="2302">〔8〕</a>當復來到漢地：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“當復至師子國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2271" id="2303">〔9〕</a>住若干百年：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“住若干年”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“若干百年”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2272" id="2304">〔10〕</a>當復至師子國：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“當復來到漢地”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2273" id="2305">〔11〕</a>到中天已：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“已”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00139','1385149',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P139</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2274" id="2306">〔12〕</a>術：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“率”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2275" id="2307">〔13〕</a>已：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2276" id="2308">〔14〕</a>持：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“將”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2277" id="2309">〔15〕</a>頻那山：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“頻那出”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“頞那山”。<span class="zhuanming">頻那山</span>，<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（74頁）及<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（214頁）皆以爲是<span class="zhuanming">毗那吒迦山</span>（Vinataka）音譯之略。據<span class="shuming">瑜伽師地論</span>卷二，<span class="zhuanming">蘇迷盧山</span>（參看前〔弗樓沙國〕節注〔15〕）四周有七山七海，更外乃有<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>等四洲，七山皆爲四天王所居及所屬邑落，<span class="zhuanming">毗那吒迦</span>即爲七山中之一山。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>初成道，四天王各獻石鉢與<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>皆受之，合爲一鉢，是即佛鉢也。此時佛鉢分四，復還<span class="zhuanming">毗那吒迦山</span>上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2278" id="2310">〔16〕</a>當復應念佛：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“當復應念奉佛”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2279" id="2311">〔17〕</a>先：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“光”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2280" id="2312">〔18〕</a>此鉢：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“此”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“一鉢”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2281" id="2313">〔19〕</a>短：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𢭃”（同短字）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2282" id="2314">〔20〕</a>五歲：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“十歲”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑作“五歲”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2283" id="2315">〔21〕</a>酥油：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𧁨油”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2284" id="2316">〔22〕</a>捉木：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“捉草木”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2285" id="2317">〔23〕</a>相傷割殺：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“相傷割”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“相復割”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2286" id="2318">〔24〕</a>作諸：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“作”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2287" id="2319">〔25〕</a>短促：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𢭃促”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2288" id="2320">〔26〕</a>五歲：同注〔20〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2289" id="2321">〔27〕</a>仁義：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“信義”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2290" id="2322">〔28〕</a>信儀：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“信義”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“仁義”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2291" id="2323">〔29〕</a>法輪：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“法轉”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2292" id="2324">〔30〕</a>遺法：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“遺法中”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“貴法中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2293" id="2325">〔31〕</a>及受三歸五戒齋法供養三寶者：“齋法”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“八齋法”。佛教稱佛﹑法﹑僧爲三寶，“三歸”即歸依三寶。“五戒”即不殺生，不偷盗，不邪淫，不妄語，不飲酒。“齋法”即八戒齋，已見前〔伽耶城，貝多樹下〕節注〔92〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2294" id="2326">〔32〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“正”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“心”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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子合國　於麾國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039605" key="1039605"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 子合國　於麾國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039606" key="1039606"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00016','1385106',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P16</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000031">子合國　於麾國</p><p> <span>既過四月行像，<span class="zhuanming">僧韶</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#183" id="175">〔1〕</a>一人，隨胡道人<a class="zhuhao" href="#184" id="176">〔2〕</a>向<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#185" id="177">〔3〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等進向<span class="zhuanming">子合國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#186" id="178">〔4〕</a>，在道二十五日，便到<a class="zhuhao" href="#187" id="179">〔5〕</a>其國。國王精進。有千餘僧，多大乘學。</span> </p><p> <span>住此十五日已，於是南行四日，入<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#188" id="180">〔6〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">於麾國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#189" id="181">〔7〕</a>安居<a class="zhuhao" href="#190" id="182">〔8〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#175" id="183">〔1〕</a>僧韶：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>皆作“僧韶”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“僧紹”。<span class="zhuanming">僧韶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧紹</span>當是一人，即前在<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>所遇之<span class="zhuanming">僧紹</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#176" id="184">〔2〕</a>胡道人：古代對佛教僧人亦稱道人，胡道人即指當時西方諸胡族的僧人而言。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#177" id="185">〔3〕</a>罽賓：“罽”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>皆作“󵶀”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>作“𦋺”。“󵶀”﹑“𦋺”皆“罽”之訛略。<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“罽”，今據改。古<span class="zhuanming">希臘</span>地理學家<span class="zhuanming">托勒密</span>（Claudius Ptolemaeus，約90—168年）稱今<span class="zhuanming">克什米爾</span>爲Kaspeiria，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>即此名之對音。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">迦溼彌羅國</span>（Kāsmīra）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#178" id="186">〔4〕</a>子合國：<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>均有<span class="zhuanming">子合</span>，治<span class="zhuanming">呼犍谷</span>（犍，<span class="shuming">後書</span>作鞬）；<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>記作<span class="zhuanming">朱駒波</span>，云“人民山居”；<span class="shuming">北史<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00017','1385106',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P17</span></i>西域傳</span>作<span class="zhuanming">朱駒波</span>，又作<span class="zhuanming">朱俱波</span>，又作<span class="zhuanming">朱居</span>（按：疑脱波字），云“其人山居”，亦作<span class="zhuanming">悉居半</span>，並云，“治<span class="zhuanming">呼犍</span>”；<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>歸國時曾過此，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十二之<span class="zhuanming">斫句迦</span>。向來諸家注釋，多以爲<span class="zhuanming">子合國</span>都城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">葉城縣</span>。<span class="zhuanming">黄文弼</span><span class="shuming">塔里木盆地考古記</span>（55—56頁）亦贊同<span class="zhuanming">葉城縣</span>之説，但同書（57—58頁）又以爲故址在今<span class="zhuanming">葉城縣</span>西南約一百十里之<span class="zhuanming">奇盤莊</span>。按：據<span class="zhuanming">呼犍谷</span>以谷爲名及“人民山居”等記載推之，以<span class="zhuanming">奇盤莊</span>之説爲長。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#179" id="187">〔5〕</a>到：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#180" id="188">〔6〕</a>入葱嶺山：“入”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“至”。“葱”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“窓”。<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>爲我國舊時對今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">帕米爾高原</span>及其南北兩端附近諸山脈的總稱。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引<span class="shuming">西河舊事</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>……其山高大，上生葱，故曰<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#181" id="189">〔7〕</a>於麾國：據<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">於麾國</span>在<span class="zhuanming">子合國</span>南行四日之<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>山中，確址未詳。或以爲此國即<span class="shuming">北史</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">權於摩國</span>。<span class="shuming">北史</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">權於摩國</span>在<span class="zhuanming">悉居半國</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">子合</span>）西南，兩國去<span class="zhuanming">代</span>均爲一萬二千九百七十里，則兩國間之距離當甚近也。以今地圖對比，<span class="zhuanming">於麾國</span>故址可能即在今<span class="zhuanming">奇盤莊</span>西南之<span class="zhuanming">庫拉瑪特山口</span>更西南之<span class="zhuanming">葉爾羌河</span>中上游一帶。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#182" id="190">〔8〕</a>安居：<span class="zhuanming">於麾國</span>之安居，爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後第三年即公元401年之夏坐。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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大塔
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1124990" key="1124990"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 大塔 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1124991" key="1124991"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00127','1385143',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P127</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000108">大塔</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>至其國，欲化惡龍。以神足力，一足躡王城<a class="zhuhao" href="#2071" id="2065">〔1〕</a>北，一足躡山頂<a class="zhuhao" href="#2072" id="2066">〔2〕</a>，兩跡相去十五由延。於王城北<a class="zhuhao" href="#2073" id="2067">〔3〕</a>跡上起大塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#2074" id="2068">〔4〕</a>，高<a class="zhuhao" href="#2075" id="2069">〔5〕</a>四十丈，金銀莊校，衆寶合成<a class="zhuhao" href="#2076" id="2070">〔6〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2065" id="2071">〔1〕</a>王城：此王城指位於今<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>西北部之古都<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹羅陀補羅</span>（Anurādhapura）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2066" id="2072">〔2〕</a>山頂：此“山頂”據佛教神話傳説，謂即今<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>南部之<span class="zhuanming">亞當峯</span>（Adam′s Peak）。此峯古名<span class="zhuanming">蘇摩那俱多山</span>（Sumanakūṭa）。<span class="zhuanming">太平御覽</span>卷七九七之<span class="zhuanming">和訶條</span>，或以爲是<span class="zhuanming">私訶條</span>之誤，而<span class="zhuanming">私訶條</span>即<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>古名Siṃhala-dvipa之對音；<span class="shuming">御覽</span>此下又述及有一<span class="zhuanming">三漫屈</span>之地名，或以爲即是Sumanakū-ṭa之對音。又<span class="shuming">諸蕃志</span><span class="zhuanming">細蘭國</span>下云“有山名<span class="zhuanming">細輪疊</span>，頂有巨人跡，長七尺餘”，亦即指此“山頂”。<span class="zhuanming">大食</span>人稱<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>爲Serendib，<span class="zhuanming">細輪疊</span>蓋其對音也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="song">3</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2067" id="2073">〔3〕</a>於王城北：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“王於城北”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“於城北”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2068" id="2074">〔4〕</a>大塔：<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（150頁注〔4〕）云：此即<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>古代國王<span class="zhuanming">杜多伽摩尼</span>（Duṭṭhagāmaṇī）所建之大塔（Mahāthūpa）.<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>第二卷（237—238頁）根據<span class="zhuanming">蓋格</span>（W.Geiger）氏之研究，推算<span class="zhuanming">杜多伽摩尼王</span>在位年爲公元前101—77年。按：<span class="zhuanming">蓋格</span>氏之研究，謂古代<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>直至公元四世紀末年以前所通用之紀年標準，皆以<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>涅槃年爲公元前483年，並即在此基礎上推算<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>諸古代國王在位之年。由於此推算基礎係以公元前483年爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年，與其他以公元前486年爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年所推算之年代間有三年左右之相差。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2069" id="2075">〔5〕</a>高：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“可高”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2070" id="2076">〔6〕</a>合成：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“含成”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“令成”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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乾歸國　耨檀國　張掖鎮　燉煌
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv202132" key="202132"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 乾歸國　耨檀國　張掖鎮　燉煌 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039573" key="1039573"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00003','1385100',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000019">乾歸國　耨檀國　張掖鎮　燉煌</p><p> <span>初發跡<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，度<span class="zhuanming">隴</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#32" id="15">〔1〕</a>，至<span class="zhuanming">乾歸國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#33" id="16">〔2〕</a>夏坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#34" id="17">〔3〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>夏坐訖，前行<a class="zhuhao" href="#35" id="18">〔4〕</a>至<span class="zhuanming">耨檀國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#36" id="19">〔5〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>度<span class="zhuanming">養樓山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#37" id="20">〔6〕</a>，至<span class="zhuanming">張掖鎮</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#38" id="21">〔7〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>大亂，道路不通。<span class="zhuanming">張掖王</span><span class="zhuanming">段業</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#39" id="22">〔8〕</a>遂留爲作檀越<a class="zhuhao" href="#40" id="23">〔9〕</a>。於是與<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧紹</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#41" id="24">〔10〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧景</span>等相遇，欣於同志，便共夏坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#42" id="25">〔11〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>夏坐訖<a class="zhuhao" href="#43" id="26">〔12〕</a>，復進到<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#44" id="27">〔13〕</a>。有塞<a class="zhuhao" href="#45" id="28">〔14〕</a>，東西可八十里，南北四十里。共<a class="zhuhao" href="#46" id="29">〔15〕</a>停一月餘日。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等五人隨使先發<a class="zhuhao" href="#47" id="30">〔16〕</a>，復與<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>等别。<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#48" id="31">〔17〕</a>供給度<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#15" id="32">〔1〕</a>隴：即今<span class="zhuanming">陝西</span><span class="zhuanming">隴縣</span>西北﹑<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">清水縣</span>東北的<span class="zhuanming">隴山</span>，爲自<span class="zhuanming">渭水</span>流域通往西北的陸路所必經，古稱<span class="zhuanming">隴坻</span>，見<span class="shuming">續漢書</span><span class="shuming">郡國志</span><span class="zhuanming">漢陽郡</span><span class="zhuanming">隴縣</span>下。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#16" id="33">〔2〕</a>乾歸國：指<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>中<span class="zhuanming">西秦</span>統治者<span class="zhuanming">乞伏乾歸</span>的都城。<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span><span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>十三年（公元388年）下載：“九月，<span class="zhuanming">河南王</span><span class="zhuanming">乾歸</span>遷都<span class="zhuanming">金城</span>。”<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">安帝</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>四年（公元400年）下載：“春，正月，……<span class="zhuanming">西秦王</span><span class="zhuanming">乾歸</span>遷<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00004','1385100',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i>都<span class="zhuanming">苑川</span>。”<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>注：“<span class="zhuanming">乞伏氏</span>本居<span class="zhuanming">苑川</span>，<span class="zhuanming">乾歸</span>遷於<span class="zhuanming">金城</span>，今復都<span class="zhuanming">苑川</span>。”<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>過<span class="zhuanming">乾歸國</span>時，爲<span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年（公元399年），<span class="zhuanming">西秦</span>都城尚在<span class="zhuanming">金城</span>，其故址在今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">蘭州市</span>西。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#17" id="34">〔3〕</a>夏坐：<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教僧徒每年雨季在家安居三個月，不外出，謂之雨安居，亦稱夏坐或坐夏，亦稱坐臘。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二云：“<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>僧徒，依<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>聖教，坐雨安居，或前三月，或後三月。前三月當此從五月十六日至八月十五日，後三月當此從六月十六日至九月十五日。”但我國及<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>之僧徒則從四月十六日入安居，七月十五日解安居。故<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八云：“良以方言未融，傳譯有謬，分時計月，致斯乖異，故以四月十六日入安居，七月十五日解安居也。”<span class="zhuanming">乾歸國</span>之夏坐，爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後第一年即公元399年首次之夏坐。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#18" id="35">〔4〕</a>前行：<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“前”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#19" id="36">〔5〕</a>耨檀國：“耨”，<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“褥”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“䅶”，<span class="shuming">晉書</span><span class="shuming">載記</span>第二十六作“傉”，皆同音通用。此<span class="zhuanming">耨檀國</span>指<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>中<span class="zhuanming">南涼</span>的都城。按：<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年（公元399年）<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>在<span class="zhuanming">乾歸國</span>夏坐訖抵<span class="zhuanming">南涼</span>都城時，正值<span class="zhuanming">南涼</span>統治者<span class="zhuanming">秃髮烏孤</span>于是年八月墮馬得病身死，其弟<span class="zhuanming">利鹿孤</span>繼位。<span class="zhuanming">烏孤</span>本都<span class="zhuanming">樂都</span>（故址在今<span class="zhuanming">青海</span><span class="zhuanming">樂都</span>），<span class="zhuanming">利鹿孤</span>即位後徙都<span class="zhuanming">西平</span>（故址在今<span class="zhuanming">青海</span><span class="zhuanming">西寧市</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>抵<span class="zhuanming">南涼</span>，所到之都城或已爲<span class="zhuanming">西平</span>。<span class="zhuanming">利鹿孤</span>卒於<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">元興</span>元年（公元402年），弟<span class="zhuanming">耨檀</span>始繼位。故<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>抵<span class="zhuanming">南涼</span>時，其國統治者尚爲<span class="zhuanming">利鹿孤</span>而非<span class="zhuanming">耨檀</span>。然<span class="shuming">晉書</span><span class="shuming">載記</span>第二十六稱：“<span class="zhuanming">傉檀</span>少機警，有才略。……及<span class="zhuanming">利鹿孤</span>即位，垂拱而已，軍國大事，皆以委之。”可能<span class="zhuanming">利鹿孤</span>在位時之實際執政者即爲<span class="zhuanming">耨檀</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>當時稱<span class="zhuanming">南涼</span>都城爲<span class="zhuanming">耨檀國</span>，或由此故。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#20" id="37">〔6〕</a>養樓山：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">湟水</span>又東，<span class="zhuanming">長寧川水</span>注之。……<span class="zhuanming">長寧水</span>又東南，<span class="zhuanming">養女川水</span>注之，水發<span class="zhuanming">養女北山</span>，有二源，皆長湍遠發，南總一川，逕<span class="zhuanming">養女山</span>，謂之<span class="zhuanming">養女川</span>。<span class="zhuanming">闞駰</span>曰：‘<span class="zhuanming">長寧亭</span>北有<span class="zhuanming">養女嶺</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">浩亹山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">西平</span>之<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>也。’……<span class="zhuanming">長寧水</span>又東南流，注于<span class="zhuanming">湟水</span>。”此<span class="zhuanming">養女山</span>在今<span class="zhuanming">青海</span><span class="zhuanming">西寧市</span>以北﹑<span class="zhuanming">大通河</span>南一帶，自<span class="zhuanming">西平</span>至<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>正取道於此，蓋即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所度之<span class="zhuanming">養樓山</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#21" id="38">〔7〕</a>張掖鎮：“張掖”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“張夜”，下同。據<span class="shuming">晉書</span><span class="shuming">地理志</span>，<span class="zhuanming">張掖郡</span>治<span class="zhuanming">永平縣</span>。<span class="shuming">元和郡縣圖志</span>卷四十云，<span class="zhuanming">永平縣</span>即漢<span class="zhuanming">觻得縣</span>改名。據<span class="shuming">太平寰宇記</span>卷一百五十二，<span class="zhuanming">觻得</span>故址在<span class="zhuanming">張掖縣</span>（即今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅省</span><span class="zhuanming">張掖縣</span>）西北四十里。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所至之<span class="zhuanming">張掖鎮</span>即此。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00005','1385100',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P5</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#22" id="39">〔8〕</a>張掖王段業：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>均作“張掖王慇懃”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“張掖王慇憅”；<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“張掖王慇勤”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“張掖王改業”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“張夜王臤業”。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（5—6頁）據<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>以爲應作“張掖王段業”，是也，今從之。蓋<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>抵<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>時，此地之割據者正爲<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>。<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>本屬<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>統治者<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>二年（公元398年）六月爲<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>所取。<span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年（公元399年）二月，<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>即<span class="zhuanming">涼王</span>位於<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>，故<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">張掖王</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>東西交困，東則<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>常出兵來攻（見<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年四月，四年六月）；西方又有<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>謀叛<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>後遂自立爲<span class="zhuanming">涼公</span>（史稱<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>）之事（見<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>四年四月﹑十一月）。故<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>言當時“<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>大亂，道路不通”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#23" id="40">〔9〕</a>檀越：梵文Dānapati音譯之略，意譯作“施主”，佛教僧徒對施舍財物者的尊稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#24" id="41">〔10〕</a>僧紹：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“僧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#25" id="42">〔11〕</a>夏坐：<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>之夏坐，爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後第二年即公元400年之夏坐。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#26" id="43">〔12〕</a>夏坐訖：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“訖”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#27" id="44">〔13〕</a>燉煌：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>均作“屯皇”，下同。<span class="zhuanming">音義</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>……作<span class="zhuanming">屯皇</span>，誤也。”是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本亦有作“屯皇”者。按：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引<span class="shuming">釋氏西域記</span>，亦作<span class="zhuanming">屯皇</span>。此<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>或<span class="zhuanming">屯皇</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">敦煌郡</span>，治<span class="zhuanming">敦煌縣</span>，故址在今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">敦煌縣</span>西<span class="zhuanming">黨河</span>西岸（見<span class="zhuanming">道光</span><span class="shuming">敦煌縣志</span>卷七<span class="shuming">古蹟</span><span class="shuming">敦煌廢郡</span>條）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#28" id="45">〔14〕</a>塞：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="zhuanming">僖公</span>二十年<span class="zhuanming">杜</span>注：“城郭牆塹謂之塞。”<span class="zhuanming">敦煌郡</span>北境一帶自<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>即築有障塞。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">大宛列傳</span>載“於是<span class="zhuanming">酒泉</span>列亭鄣至<span class="zhuanming">玉門</span>矣”；<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>一則曰“於是<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>列亭障至<span class="zhuanming">玉門</span>矣”；再則曰“於是自<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>西至<span class="zhuanming">鹽澤</span>，往往起亭”。此皆公元前二世紀末<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>時事也。以後亦常有增修，如<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>過<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>後不久，他所曾遇見的<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>統治者<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>就有修築<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>舊塞東西二圍﹑西南二圍之事（見<span class="shuming">晉書</span><span class="shuming">涼武昭王李玄盛列傳</span>）。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>此所云舊塞，蓋即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所見者。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>附近這些古代障塞遺迹，今尚有存者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#29" id="46">〔15〕</a>共：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“共”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#30" id="47">〔16〕</a>隨使先發：此所云“使”，可能指<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>遣赴<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>之使者，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>等隨之西行。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#31" id="48">〔17〕</a>燉煌太守李暠：“暠”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>及諸本皆作“浩”；唯<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“法”，“法”當爲“浩”之誤。當時<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">唐高祖</span><span class="zhuanming">李淵</span>七世祖，蓋<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>人避<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00006','1385100',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P6</span></i>諱，以“浩”代“暠”。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（7—8頁）改作“李暠”，今從之。按：<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>至<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>四年（公元400年）十一月始自立爲<span class="zhuanming">涼公</span>（史稱<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>），而<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>先於是年秋已進到<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>，故仍稱<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>太守。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
無畏山僧伽藍
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125011" key="1125011"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 無畏山僧伽藍 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125012" key="1125012"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00128','1385144',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P128</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000110">無畏山僧伽藍</p><p> <span>塔邊復<a class="zhuhao" href="#2088" id="2077">〔1〕</a>起一僧伽藍，名<span class="zhuanming">無畏山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2089" id="2078">〔2〕</a>，有五千僧。起一佛殿，金銀刻鏤，悉以衆寶。中有一青玉像，高二丈<a class="zhuhao" href="#2090" id="2079">〔3〕</a>許，通身七寶炎光<a class="zhuhao" href="#2091" id="2080">〔4〕</a>，威相嚴顯，非言所載。右掌中有一無價<a class="zhuhao" href="#2092" id="2081">〔5〕</a>寶珠。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>去<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地積年，所與交接<a class="zhuhao" href="#2093" id="2082">〔6〕</a>悉異域<a class="zhuhao" href="#2094" id="2083">〔7〕</a>人，山川草木，舉目無舊，又同行分披<a class="zhuhao" href="#2095" id="2084">〔8〕</a>，或留或亡<a class="zhuhao" href="#2096" id="2085">〔9〕</a>，顧影唯己，心常懷悲。忽於此玉像邊見商人以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地一白絹扇<a class="zhuhao" href="#2097" id="2086">〔10〕</a>供養<a class="zhuhao" href="#2098" id="2087">〔11〕</a>，不覺悽然，淚下滿目。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2077" id="2088">〔1〕</a>復：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“後”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2078" id="2089">〔2〕</a>無畏山：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“無畏寺”。<span class="zhuanming">無畏山</span>（Abhayagiri）爲<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>最著名之二大僧伽藍之一，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一譯作<span class="zhuanming">阿跋耶祇釐</span>。興建此僧伽藍之國王名<span class="zhuanming">伐多伽摩尼</span>（Vaṭṭagāmaṇī），其在位年據前述<span class="zhuanming">蓋格</span>氏之研究而推算，爲公元前29—17年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2079" id="2090">〔3〕</a>二丈：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“三丈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2080" id="2091">〔4〕</a>炎光：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“燄光”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“焰光”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2081" id="2092">〔5〕</a>無價：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“無賈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2082" id="2093">〔6〕</a>交接：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“交樓”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“交構”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2083" id="2094">〔7〕</a>域：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“城”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“域”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2084" id="2095">〔8〕</a>分披：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“分析”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“分㭊”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2085" id="2096">〔9〕</a>或留或亡：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“或留或六”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“或流或亡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2086" id="2097">〔10〕</a>晉地一白絹扇：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“晉地一自綃扇”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“晉地一自絹扇”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“一白絹扇”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00129','1385144',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P129</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2087" id="2098">〔11〕</a>供養：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“供養像”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
沙河
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039467" key="1039467"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 沙河 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039578" key="1039578"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00006','1385101',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P6</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000021">沙河</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">沙河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#53" id="49">〔1〕</a>中多有惡鬼﹑熱風，遇<a class="zhuhao" href="#54" id="50">〔2〕</a>則皆死，無一全者。上無飛鳥，下無走獸。遍望極目，欲求度處，則莫知所<a class="zhuhao" href="#55" id="51">〔3〕</a>擬，唯以死人枯骨爲標識<a class="zhuhao" href="#56" id="52">〔4〕</a>耳。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#49" id="53">〔1〕</a>沙河：即自<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>西至<span class="zhuanming">鄯善國</span>間之沙漠地帶也。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">地理志</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">敦煌郡</span>……正西關外有<span class="zhuanming">白龍堆沙</span>。”同書<span class="shuming">西域傳</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">樓蘭國</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">鄯善國</span>之本名）最在東垂，近<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，當<span class="zhuanming">白龍堆</span>，乏水草。”<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">東夷傳</span>注引<span class="shuming">魏略</span><span class="shuming">西戎傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">玉門關</span>以西有<span class="zhuanming">三隴沙</span>。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>：<span class="zhuanming">蒲昌海</span>（即今<span class="zhuanming">羅布泊</span>）“水積<span class="zhuanming">鄯善</span>之東北，<span class="zhuanming">龍城</span>之西南。……西接<span class="zhuanming">鄯善</span>，東連<span class="zhuanming">三沙</span>”。此所稱<span class="zhuanming">白龍堆</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">三隴沙</span>及<span class="zhuanming">三沙</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所經之<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>也。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十二記<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>東歸，到達<span class="zhuanming">納縛波故國</span>（即古<span class="zhuanming">樓蘭</span>）之前，曾在<span class="zhuanming">尼壤城</span>（故址在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">民豐縣</span>北）以東通過大流沙。<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>對大流沙亦有這樣的描寫：“……東行入大流沙，沙則流漫，聚散隨風，人行無迹，遂多迷路，四遠茫茫，莫知所指，是以往來者聚遺骸以記之。乏水草，多熱風，風起則人畜惛迷，因以成病。時聞歌嘯，或聞號哭。視聽之間，怳然不知所至，由此屢有喪亡，蓋鬼魅之所致也。”<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>所説的大流沙雖尚在<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所過的<span class="zhuanming">沙河</span>之西，但情況却有相似之處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#50" id="54">〔2〕</a>遇：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“過”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#51" id="55">〔3〕</a>所：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“可”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#52" id="56">〔4〕</a>標識：“標”，<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“摽”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“幖”。“識”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“幟”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金本</span>作“識”，<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>亦作“識”，今據改。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
貝多樹
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125016" key="1125016"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 貝多樹 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125017" key="1125017"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00129','1385145',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P129</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000112">貝多樹</p><p> <span>其國前王<a class="zhuhao" href="#2108" id="2099">〔1〕</a>遣使<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，取貝多樹子<a class="zhuhao" href="#2109" id="2100">〔2〕</a>，於佛殿旁種之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2110" id="2101">〔3〕</a>。高可二十丈，其樹東南傾，王恐倒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2111" id="2102">〔4〕</a>，故以八九圍柱拄樹<a class="zhuhao" href="#2112" id="2103">〔5〕</a>。樹當拄處<a class="zhuhao" href="#2113" id="2104">〔6〕</a>心生，遂穿柱而下，入地成根。大可四圍許，柱雖中裂，猶裹<a class="zhuhao" href="#2114" id="2105">〔7〕</a>其外，人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2115" id="2106">〔8〕</a>亦不去。樹下起精舍，中有<a class="zhuhao" href="#2116" id="2107">〔9〕</a>坐像，道俗敬仰無倦。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2099" id="2108">〔1〕</a>其國前王：此王即<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>古代著名之<span class="zhuanming">天愛帝須</span>（Devānaṃpiyatis-sa）。相傳此王登位之第一年，即<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>在位之第十八年，亦即佛教傳入<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>之第一年。按：前〔陀歷國〕節注〔32〕，依公元前486年爲佛涅槃年而推得<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>加冕年爲公元前269年，如此其第十八年應爲公元前251年，則<span class="zhuanming">天愛帝須王</span>之元年應亦爲公元前251年。然據前述<span class="zhuanming">蓋格</span>氏之研究，推算<span class="zhuanming">天愛帝須王</span>在位年爲公元前247—207年，其元年（前247年）與另一傳説（前251年）有四年之相差矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2100" id="2109">〔2〕</a>遣使中國取貝多樹子：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“遣使中國取貝多樹子還”。此<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>指<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>古史所傳，<span class="zhuanming">天愛帝須王</span>與<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>爲友，即位後遣使通好，<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>亦遣其子<span class="zhuanming">摩哂陀</span>（Mahinda）來傳佛教於<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一亦載此事，但謂來傳佛教者爲<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>之弟<span class="zhuanming">摩醯因陀羅</span>（Mahendra）。<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>所傳又云，繼而<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>之女即<span class="zhuanming">摩哂陀</span>之妹<span class="zhuanming">僧伽蜜多</span>（Saṅghamittā）亦受請至<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>傳布佛教，並携<span class="zhuanming">伽耶</span>之聖菩提樹枝同來，移植於<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>，即此所言“取貝多樹子”是也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2101" id="2110">〔3〕</a>於佛殿旁種之：<span class="zhuanming">僧伽蜜多</span>携來之聖菩提樹枝，係移植於<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹羅陀補羅</span>城南，故此所言“於佛殿旁種之”之佛殿，蓋指<span class="zhuanming">摩訶毗訶羅</span>（見後〔摩訶毗訶羅精舍〕節注〔1〕），而非無<span class="zhuanming">畏山僧伽藍</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00130','1385145',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P130</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2102" id="2111">〔4〕</a>倒：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“樹倒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2103" id="2112">〔5〕</a>八九圍柱拄樹：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“八九圍柱樹”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“八九󵶐拄樹”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“八九圍柱柱樹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2104" id="2113">〔6〕</a>拄處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“柱處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2105" id="2114">〔7〕</a>裹：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“裹畏”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“畏”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“裹在”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“裹”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2106" id="2115">〔8〕</a>人：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“今”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2107" id="2116">〔9〕</a>中有：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“有”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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鄯善國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039479" key="1039479"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 鄯善國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039583" key="1039583"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00007','1385102',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P7</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000023">鄯善國</p><p> <span>行十七日，計可<a class="zhuhao" href="#66" id="57">〔1〕</a>千五百里，得至<span class="zhuanming">鄯善國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#67" id="58">〔2〕</a>。其地崎嶇薄瘠<a class="zhuhao" href="#68" id="59">〔3〕</a>。俗人衣服粗<a class="zhuhao" href="#69" id="60">〔4〕</a>與<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地同，但以氈褐<a class="zhuhao" href="#70" id="61">〔5〕</a>爲異。其國王奉法。可有四千餘僧，悉小乘<a class="zhuhao" href="#71" id="62">〔6〕</a>學。諸國俗人及沙門<a class="zhuhao" href="#72" id="63">〔7〕</a>盡行<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>法，但有精麁<a class="zhuhao" href="#73" id="64">〔8〕</a>。從此西行，所經諸國類皆如是。唯國國胡語<a class="zhuhao" href="#74" id="65">〔9〕</a>不同，然出家人皆習<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>書﹑<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>語。住此一月日。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#57" id="66">〔1〕</a>計可：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“訶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#58" id="67">〔2〕</a>鄯善國：<span class="shuming">金本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“鄯鄯國”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“善善國”。據<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span><span class="shuming">鄯善事輯</span>及<span class="shuming">樓蘭鄯善問題</span>二文（均載<span class="zhuanming">馮</span>氏<span class="shuming">西域南海史地考證論著彙輯</span>）所考，<span class="zhuanming">鄯善國</span>即古<span class="zhuanming">樓蘭國</span>，其國都<span class="zhuanming">扜泥城</span>故址在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">若羌縣</span>；其東有著名之屯田地<span class="zhuanming">伊循城</span>，故址在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">若羌縣</span>東境之<span class="zhuanming">米蘭</span>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所至之<span class="zhuanming">鄯善國</span>，當指<span class="zhuanming">扜泥城</span>也。<span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span>卷五載<span class="zhuanming">宋雲</span>等使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>曾過此；<span class="zhuanming">唐玄奘</span>歸國時亦曾過此，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十二中所稱之<span class="zhuanming">納縛波故國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#59" id="68">〔3〕</a>崎嶇薄瘠：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“崎嶇薄齊”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“踦𨄅薄齊”。<span class="shuming">音義</span>云“崎嶇……此傳中從足作踦𨄅，非也”；是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本“崎嶇”二字亦有作“踦𨄅”者。按“踦𨄅”﹑“崎嶇”可通用，故<span class="zhuanming">左思</span><span class="shuming">魏都賦</span>云：“山阜猥積而踦𨄅。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#60" id="69">〔4〕</a>粗：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“麤”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#61" id="70">〔5〕</a>氈褐：<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“氈󵵾”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“栴褐”。<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>作“栴󵵾”，<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>作“󵵼褐”，<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>及<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>作“栴󵵾”。“𥙡”﹑“󵵼”爲“旃”之誤，“旃”與“氈”字通；“󵵾”﹑“󵵾”爲“褐”之誤。<span class="shuming">音義</span>亦作“氈褐”；但又云，“氈”字“傳作󵵼亦通”，則<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本亦有作“󵵼”者。氈是毛織物。褐有兩義，或亦解作毛織物，或以爲是粗布衣，見<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">滕文公上</span><span class="zhuanming">趙</span>注。但<span class="shuming">音義</span>據<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">豳風</span><span class="shuming">七月</span><span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>箋云：“褐，毛布，撚駞毛織爲衣也。”<span class="shuming">圓本<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00008','1385102',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P8</span></i>字音</span>及<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>對此二字注云：“正作氊𣮷，毛衣也。”是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>人<span class="shuming">音義</span>及<span class="shuming">圓</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧</span>二本<span class="shuming">字音</span>皆以毛布﹑毛衣釋“褐”字也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#62" id="71">〔6〕</a>小乘：梵文Hīnayāna（希那衍那）的意譯。乘是“運載”的意思，也包含“運載到最後解脱”的意思。最早的佛教號召追求灰身滅智歸於空寂涅槃之“自我解脱”。公元一﹑二世紀間，佛教中出現了鼓吹“救度一切衆生”的新教派，自稱爲“大乘”，而把祇求“自我解脱”的原教派稱爲“小乘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#63" id="72">〔7〕</a>沙門：舊以爲梵文Sramaṇa音譯之略，但<span class="zhuanming">烈維</span>（Sylvain Lêvi）以爲乃古代<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>語Samane之音譯（見<span class="zhuanming">烈維</span><span class="shuming">所謂乙種吐火羅語即龜兹語考</span>41頁，載<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="shuming">吐火羅語考</span>），當是。意譯“息心”或“勤息”，佛教用以專指依照戒律出家修道的人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#64" id="73">〔8〕</a>精麁：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“情麁”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“精麤”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#65" id="74">〔9〕</a>胡語：我國古代稱北方兄弟民族（如<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>）爲<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>，稱西方兄弟民族（如<span class="zhuanming">鄯善</span>）爲<span class="zhuanming">西胡</span>。後對西方<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>内外各族都稱爲<span class="zhuanming">西胡</span>，亦簡稱作<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>（詳見<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span><span class="shuming">西胡考</span>，載<span class="shuming">觀堂集林</span>卷十三）。此云“胡語”，乃指當時西方諸<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>族的方言。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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王城及佛齒供養
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125020" key="1125020"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 王城及佛齒供養 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125021" key="1125021"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00130','1385146',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P130</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000114">王城及佛齒供養</p><p> <span>城中又起佛齒精舍，皆七寶作。王淨修梵行，城内人信敬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2160" id="2117">〔1〕</a>之情亦篤。其國立治已來，無有饑荒喪亂。衆僧庫藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2161" id="2118">〔2〕</a>多有珍寶﹑無價<a class="zhuhao" href="#2162" id="2119">〔3〕</a>摩尼，其王入僧庫<a class="zhuhao" href="#2163" id="2120">〔4〕</a>遊觀，見摩尼珠，即生貪心，欲奪<a class="zhuhao" href="#2164" id="2121">〔5〕</a>取之。三日乃悟，即詣僧中，稽首<a class="zhuhao" href="#2165" id="2122">〔6〕</a>悔前罪心。因<a class="zhuhao" href="#2166" id="2123">〔7〕</a>白僧言，願僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#2167" id="2124">〔8〕</a>立制，自今已後，勿聽王入其庫看，比丘滿四十臈，然後得入<a class="zhuhao" href="#2168" id="2125">〔9〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>其城中多居士﹑長者﹑薩薄商人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2169" id="2126">〔10〕</a>。屋宇<a class="zhuhao" href="#2170" id="2127">〔11〕</a>嚴麗，巷陌平整。四衢道頭皆作説法堂，月八日﹑十四日﹑十五日，鋪施高座<a class="zhuhao" href="#2171" id="2128">〔12〕</a>，道俗四衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#2172" id="2129">〔13〕</a>皆集聽法。其國人云，都可六萬僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#2173" id="2130">〔14〕</a>，悉有衆食，王别於城内供<a class="zhuhao" href="#2174" id="2131">〔15〕</a>五六千人衆食，須者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2175" id="2132">〔16〕</a>則持本鉢往取<a class="zhuhao" href="#2176" id="2133">〔17〕</a>，隨器所<a class="zhuhao" href="#2177" id="2134">〔18〕</a>容，皆滿而還。</span> </p><p> <span>佛齒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2178" id="2135">〔19〕</a>常<a class="zhuhao" href="#2179" id="2136">〔20〕</a>以三月中出之。未出<a class="zhuhao" href="#2180" id="2137">〔21〕</a>十日，王莊校大象，使一辯説人，著<a class="zhuhao" href="#2181" id="2138">〔22〕</a>王衣服，騎象上，擊皷唱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00131','1385146',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P131</span></i>言<a class="zhuhao" href="#2182" id="2139">〔23〕</a>：“<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2183" id="2140">〔24〕</a>從三阿僧祇劫<a class="zhuhao" href="#2184" id="2141">〔25〕</a>，苦行<a class="zhuhao" href="#2185" id="2142">〔26〕</a>不惜身命，以國﹑妻﹑子及挑眼與人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2186" id="2143">〔27〕</a>，割肉貿鴿，截頭布施，投身餓虎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2187" id="2144">〔28〕</a>，不恡髓腦<a class="zhuhao" href="#2188" id="2145">〔29〕</a>，如是種種苦行，爲衆生故。成佛在世四十五年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2189" id="2146">〔30〕</a>，説法<a class="zhuhao" href="#2190" id="2147">〔31〕</a>教化，令不安者安<a class="zhuhao" href="#2191" id="2148">〔32〕</a>，不度者度，衆生緣盡，乃般泥洹。泥洹已來一千四百九十七年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2192" id="2149">〔33〕</a>，世間眼滅<a class="zhuhao" href="#2193" id="2150">〔34〕</a>，衆生長悲。却後十日，佛齒當出至<span class="zhuanming">無畏山精舍</span>。國内道俗欲殖福者，各各<a class="zhuhao" href="#2194" id="2151">〔35〕</a>平治道路，嚴餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#2195" id="2152">〔36〕</a>巷陌，辦衆華香﹑供養之具！”如是唱已，王便夾道兩邊，作<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>五百身已來種種變現，或作<span class="zhuanming">須大拏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2196" id="2153">〔37〕</a>，或作<span class="zhuanming">睒</span>變<a class="zhuhao" href="#2197" id="2154">〔38〕</a>，或作象王，或作鹿﹑馬。如是形<a class="zhuhao" href="#2198" id="2155">〔39〕</a>像，皆彩畫莊校<a class="zhuhao" href="#2199" id="2156">〔40〕</a>，狀若生人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2200" id="2157">〔41〕</a>。然後佛齒乃出，中道而行，隨路供養，到<span class="zhuanming">無畏精舍</span>佛堂上。道俗雲集，燒香﹑然燈，種種法事，晝夜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2201" id="2158">〔42〕</a>不息。滿九十日乃還城内精舍。城内精舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#2202" id="2159">〔43〕</a>至齋日則開門户，禮敬如法。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2117" id="2160">〔1〕</a>人信敬：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“人民信敬”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“人敬信”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2118" id="2161">〔2〕</a>庫藏：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶑藏”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2119" id="2162">〔3〕</a>無價；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“光賈”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“无賈””</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2120" id="2163">〔4〕</a>庫：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“庫藏”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2121" id="2164">〔5〕</a>奪：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“舊”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2122" id="2165">〔6〕</a>稽首：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“愁稽首”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2123" id="2166">〔7〕</a>因：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“告”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“因”，今據改。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00132','1385146',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P132</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2124" id="2167">〔8〕</a>僧言願僧：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“衆僧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2125" id="2168">〔9〕</a>其庫看比丘滿四十臈然後得入：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此十三字；<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>有；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“僧庫藏中看又比丘滿卌臈然後得入”。<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“庫看比丘滿四十臘然後得入”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“其庫看比丘滿四十臘然後得入”。臘﹑臈字同。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（202—203頁）以爲此十三字既爲<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>所無，或亦後人竄加。<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span><span class="shuming">評（足立喜六）考證法顯傳</span>則不以爲然，謂有此十三字文義亦較完足，非經竄加也。今新見到的<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>亦有此，更可爲非經竄加之證明。參看前〔焉夷國〕節注〔4〕及〔毗舍離國〕節注〔51〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2126" id="2169">〔10〕</a>薩薄商人：<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（154頁注〔2〕），及<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（104頁）皆以薩薄爲Sabaean之對音，即古代<span class="zhuanming">阿拉伯半島</span>西南部Saba’地區之居民，素以善航海及經商著名。<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>云，此等<span class="zhuanming">阿拉伯</span>商人直至近世在<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>商業活動中仍占有重要地位。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2127" id="2170">〔11〕</a>屋宇：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“至宇”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“屋宇”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2128" id="2171">〔12〕</a>座：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2129" id="2172">〔13〕</a>四衆：指比丘﹑比丘尼﹑優婆塞（Upāsāka，亦稱居士）﹑優婆夷（Upāsikā，女性的“居士”）而言。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2130" id="2173">〔14〕</a>可六萬僧：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“可五六萬僧”；<span class="shuming">資本</span>作“司六萬僧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2131" id="2174">〔15〕</a>供：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“供養”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2132" id="2175">〔16〕</a>衆食須者，<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“衆須食者”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2133" id="2176">〔17〕</a>持本鉢往取：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“持大鉢往聚”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“持大鉢往取”。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一亦載<span class="zhuanming">僧伽羅國</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>）“王宫側建大厨，日營萬八千僧食，食時既至，僧徒持鉢受饌”事。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2134" id="2177">〔18〕</a>所：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2135" id="2178">〔19〕</a>佛齒：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“佛慈”。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一<span class="zhuanming">僧伽羅國</span>亦有關於此佛牙精舍之記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2136" id="2179">〔20〕</a>常：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“堂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2137" id="2180">〔21〕</a>未出：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“未出王”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“未出前”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2138" id="2181">〔22〕</a>著：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“舊”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00133','1385146',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P133</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2139" id="2182">〔23〕</a>擊皷唱言：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“繫皷唱言”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“繫鼓唱言”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“繫鼓喝言”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2140" id="2183">〔24〕</a>菩薩：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“菩提薩”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2141" id="2184">〔25〕</a>三阿僧祇劫：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“三阿僧劫”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“三大阿僧祇劫”。劫（Kalpa）爲“長時”之意，謂不能以通常年月日時計算之極長時節，阿僧祇（asaṃkhyeya）爲“無數”之意，阿僧祇劫猶言無數極長之時節，三阿僧祇劫形容其更爲長久也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2142" id="2185">〔26〕</a>苦行：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“作行”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“作功德行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2143" id="2186">〔27〕</a>以國妻子及挑眼與人：“國”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“國城”。關於挑眼與人之佛教神話傳説已見前〔犍陀衛國〕節，以國﹑妻﹑子與人之佛教神話傳説見<span class="shuming">六度集經</span>卷一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2144" id="2187">〔28〕</a>割肉貿鴿截頭布施投身餓虎：“肉”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“宍”。“貿”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𧴵”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“資”。“鴿”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“鴒”。“餓”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“鋨”。“虎”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𧆞”。此諸佛教神話傳説已分見前〔宿呵多國〕節及〔竺刹尸羅國〕節。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2145" id="2188">〔29〕</a>腦：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𦜩”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2146" id="2189">〔30〕</a>四十五年：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“四十九年”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2147" id="2190">〔31〕</a>説法；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“説注”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2148" id="2191">〔32〕</a>不安者安：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“不安者”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2149" id="2192">〔33〕</a>泥洹已來一千四百九十七年：“年”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“歲”。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>此時在<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>，應爲<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>六年（公元410年），若上推一千四百九十七年，是以公元前1087，年爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹年也。參見前〔陀歷國〕節注〔32〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2150" id="2193">〔34〕</a>世間眼滅：世間眼者，對<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之尊稱，佛教謂<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>能爲世人之眼，指示正道，又能開世間之眼，使見正道。世間眼滅，即言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2151" id="2194">〔35〕</a>各各：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“冬冬”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2152" id="2195">〔36〕</a>餝：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“飾”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“飭”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2153" id="2196">〔37〕</a>須大拏：佛教神話傳説，<span class="zhuanming">須大拏</span>（Sudāng）爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>前身。身爲太子，好施與，曾以父王大象施婆羅門，蒙譴被擯，出居山野，甚至仍以子﹑女施婆羅門。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">健馱邏國跋</span><span class="zhuanming">虜沙城</span>亦記其事，譯稱<span class="zhuanming">蘇達拏</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2154" id="2197">〔38〕</a>睒變：<span class="zhuanming">睒</span>即<span class="zhuanming">睒摩</span>（Sama），<span class="zhuanming">睒</span>變即演<span class="zhuanming">睒摩</span>故事者。佛教神話傳説，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00134','1385146',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P134</span></i><span class="zhuanming">睒摩</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>前身，孝盲父母，遇王出獵，誤中毒矢，感動天帝，使之康復。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">健馱邏國</span>亦載<span class="zhuanming">商莫迦菩薩</span>（Samaka）之神話傳説，<span class="zhuanming">商莫迦</span>即<span class="zhuanming">睒摩</span>。按：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此處所云作<span class="zhuanming">須大拏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">睒</span>變﹑象王﹑鹿﹑馬等等，蓋皆演<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>本生故事者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2155" id="2198">〔39〕</a>形：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“刑”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2156" id="2199">〔40〕</a>彩畫莊校：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“乘盡㽵校”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“采書㽵校”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2157" id="2200">〔41〕</a>生人：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“坐人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2158" id="2201">〔42〕</a>晝夜：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“盡夜”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2159" id="2202">〔43〕</a>精舍：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此二字。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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竭叉國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125024" key="1125024"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 竭叉國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125025" key="1125025"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00017','1385107',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P17</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000033">竭叉國</p><p> <span>安居已止<a class="zhuhao" href="#220" id="191">〔1〕</a>，行二十五日，到<span class="zhuanming">竭叉國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#221" id="192">〔2〕</a>，與<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>等合。</span> </p><p> <span>值其國王作般遮越師<a class="zhuhao" href="#222" id="193">〔3〕</a>。般遮越師，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>言五年大會也。會時請四方沙門，皆來雲集，集已<a class="zhuhao" href="#223" id="194">〔4〕</a>，莊嚴衆僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#224" id="195">〔5〕</a>坐處，懸繒幡<a class="zhuhao" href="#225" id="196">〔6〕</a>蓋，作金銀蓮華，著繒座<a class="zhuhao" href="#226" id="197">〔7〕</a>後，鋪淨坐具。王及羣臣如法供養，或一月﹑二月，或三月，多在春時。王作會已，復勸諸羣臣設<a class="zhuhao" href="#227" id="198">〔8〕</a>供供養，或一日﹑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00018','1385107',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P18</span></i>二日<a class="zhuhao" href="#228" id="199">〔9〕</a>﹑三日﹑五日<a class="zhuhao" href="#229" id="200">〔10〕</a>。供養都畢，王以所乘馬，鞍<a class="zhuhao" href="#230" id="201">〔11〕</a>勒自副，使國中貴重臣騎之，并諸白㲲<a class="zhuhao" href="#231" id="202">〔12〕</a>﹑種種珍寶﹑沙門所須之物，共諸羣臣，發願布施。布施已，還從僧贖。<a class="zhuhao" href="#232" id="203">〔13〕</a></span> </p><p> <span>其地山寒，不生餘穀<a class="zhuhao" href="#233" id="204">〔14〕</a>，唯熟麥耳。衆僧受歲<a class="zhuhao" href="#234" id="205">〔15〕</a>已，其晨輒霜。故其王每讚<a class="zhuhao" href="#235" id="206">〔16〕</a>衆僧，令麥熟然後受歲。</span> </p><p> <span>其國中有<a class="zhuhao" href="#236" id="207">〔17〕</a>佛唾壷<a class="zhuhao" href="#237" id="208">〔18〕</a>，以石作<a class="zhuhao" href="#238" id="209">〔19〕</a>，色似佛鉢。又有佛一齒，國人<a class="zhuhao" href="#239" id="210">〔20〕</a>爲佛齒起塔。有千餘僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#240" id="211">〔21〕</a>，盡小乘學。</span> </p><p> <span>自山<a class="zhuhao" href="#241" id="212">〔22〕</a>以東，俗人被服粗類<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>土<a class="zhuhao" href="#242" id="213">〔23〕</a>，亦以氈褐<a class="zhuhao" href="#243" id="214">〔24〕</a>爲異。沙門法用<a class="zhuhao" href="#244" id="215">〔25〕</a>轉轉<a class="zhuhao" href="#245" id="216">〔26〕</a>勝，不可具記。其國<a class="zhuhao" href="#246" id="217">〔27〕</a>當<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>之中。自<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>已前，草木果實<a class="zhuhao" href="#247" id="218">〔28〕</a>皆異，唯竹及安石留<a class="zhuhao" href="#248" id="219">〔29〕</a>﹑甘蔗三物，與<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地同耳。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#191" id="220">〔1〕</a>安居已止：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“安居已上”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“安居已山”。蓋以“上”字“山”字連下句讀。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#192" id="221">〔2〕</a>竭叉國：<span class="zhuanming">竭叉國</span>故址何在，爲研究<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之一難題。諸家考證紛紜：<span class="shuming">理氏書</span>（18頁）以爲當在今<span class="zhuanming">克什米爾</span>東部<span class="zhuanming">拉達克</span>（Ladak）境，同書（22頁）又以爲可能在今<span class="zhuanming">克什米爾</span>北部之<span class="zhuanming">伊斯卡多</span>（Iskardu）即<span class="zhuanming">斯卡多</span>（Skar-do）；<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（7頁）以爲在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">喀什市</span>；<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>初版亦以爲在今<span class="zhuanming">喀什市</span>，但同書再版時（改名<span class="shuming">法顯傳，中亞﹑印度﹑南海紀行の研究</span>）修改前説（見18頁），以爲係在今<span class="zhuanming">克什米爾</span>東部<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>東岸之<span class="zhuanming">喀齊</span>（Khalsi，又作Khalcha，又作Khalatse，又作Kalchi）；<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span><span class="shuming">歷代求法翻經録</span>（22頁）及<span class="shuming">西域地名</span>（45頁）皆以爲在今<span class="zhuanming">喀什市</span>。按：以<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>傳文所記述者考之，釋<span class="zhuanming">喀什市</span>則失之太北，釋<span class="zhuanming">拉達克</span>等地則又失之太東南，皆不易作爲結論。<span class="zhuanming">丁謙</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00019','1385107',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P19</span></i><span class="shuming">佛國記地理考證</span>以爲“<span class="zhuanming">竭叉</span>居<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>中，以地望核之，即……<span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="zhuanming">渴槃陁</span>，<span class="shuming">伽藍記</span>作<span class="zhuanming">漢盤陀</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">塔什庫爾干</span>城也”。<span class="zhuanming">丁</span>氏此考，其地位與<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>所述最爲符合。但據<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（14頁）之考證，以爲<span class="zhuanming">竭叉國</span>王城故址，乃在<span class="zhuanming">喀爾楚</span>（Kartchou），爲<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>歸國時所經，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十二之<span class="zhuanming">朅盤陀國</span>。按：據<span class="shuming">欽定皇輿西域圖志</span>卷十八載稱：“<span class="zhuanming">喀爾楚</span>在<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺山</span>中，由<span class="zhuanming">塞爾勒克</span>（按：即今<span class="zhuanming">塔什庫爾干塔吉克自治縣</span>）西南行一百五十里，至其地，有小城。……”同書又以爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之<span class="zhuanming">蒲犁國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>之<span class="zhuanming">德若國</span>，<span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">渴槃陁國</span>，<span class="shuming">唐書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">喝盤陀</span>，皆即其地。<span class="shuming">嘉慶重修一統志</span>卷五百二十七同。按：<span class="zhuanming">竭叉</span>與<span class="zhuanming">喀爾楚</span>發音相近，若依<span class="shuming">欽定皇輿西域圖志</span>與<span class="shuming">一統志</span>之説，則<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">竭叉</span>，<span class="shuming">伽藍記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">漢盤陀</span>，<span class="shuming">西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">朅盤陀</span>，當皆在今<span class="zhuanming">塔什庫爾干塔吉克自治縣</span>西南一百五十里矣。然而，據<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">沙畹</span>（E.Chavannes）<span class="shuming">宋雲行紀箋注</span>，以爲“<span class="zhuanming">喀爾楚</span>或<span class="zhuanming">喀楚特</span>，據<span class="zhuanming">玉耳</span>（Henry Yule）之考訂，似Kanjut（按：即<span class="shuming">清史稿</span><span class="shuming">屬國列傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">坎巨提</span>，亦作<span class="zhuanming">乾竺特</span>）或Hunza（按：即<span class="shuming">清史稿</span><span class="shuming">屬國列傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">棍雜</span>）一名之轉，而誤以之爲以<span class="zhuanming">塔什庫爾罕</span>爲首府之<span class="zhuanming">色勒庫爾</span>者也”（見<span class="shuming">西域南海史</span><span class="shuming">地考證譯叢</span>六編21頁）。又據<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">沙畹</span><span class="shuming">西突厥史料</span>（93—94頁）云：“<span class="zhuanming">喝盤陀</span>即<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">朅盤陀</span>。Vivien de Saint-Martin曾經考訂其爲<span class="zhuanming">乞兒吉思</span>kirgiz人所稱之<span class="zhuanming">喀爾楚</span>Kartchou，其地在今<span class="zhuanming">葉爾羌河</span>上流之<span class="zhuanming">塔什霍爾罕</span>Tachkourgane，今<span class="zhuanming">蒲犁縣</span>治也。<span class="zhuanming">大食</span>Tadjik人則名之曰<span class="zhuanming">色勒庫爾</span>Sarikol。”依以上<span class="zhuanming">沙畹</span>所論兩則，<span class="zhuanming">喀爾楚</span>蓋即指<span class="zhuanming">塔什庫爾干</span>，足以補充<span class="zhuanming">丁</span>氏之説，然則<span class="zhuanming">竭叉國</span>王城故址，當以在今<span class="zhuanming">塔什庫爾干塔吉克自治縣</span>之説爲最具説服力也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#193" id="222">〔3〕</a>般遮越師：梵文Pañcapariṣad之音譯，即五年大會也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#194" id="223">〔4〕</a>集已：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“已”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#195" id="224">〔5〕</a>衆僧：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“衆”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#196" id="225">〔6〕</a>幡：旗旛也。此字<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“旙”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“旛”。與旛﹑幡通用。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#197" id="226">〔7〕</a>繒座：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“坐”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“僧座”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#198" id="227">〔8〕</a>設：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“説”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#199" id="228">〔9〕</a>二日：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“二”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#200" id="229">〔10〕</a>五日：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“五日乃至七日”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#201" id="230">〔11〕</a>鞍：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶁”，乃“鞌”字之訛。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00020','1385107',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P20</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#202" id="231">〔12〕</a>白㲲：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>皆作“白縶”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>均作“白㲲”，今據改。<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>皆云：“自縶，下音牒。”按：“自”字爲“白”字之誤；“縶”字爲“褺”字之誤，“褺”字又應作“㲲”字。參看下<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>〔摩訶毗訶羅精舍〕節注〔6〕。白㲲即白疊，乃棉布之古稱。<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷八百二十引<span class="shuming">魏略</span>所載<span class="zhuanming">魏文帝</span>詔中即述及<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>白疊。白疊亦寫作白緤，見<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">賈思勰</span><span class="shuming">齊民要術</span>卷十引<span class="shuming">吴録</span><span class="shuming">地理志</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#203" id="232">〔13〕</a>發願布施布施已還從僧贖：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“發願布施衆僧布施僧已還從僧贖”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#204" id="233">〔14〕</a>穀：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“聲”但改正作“糓”，即“穀”，糓﹑穀字同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#205" id="234">〔15〕</a>受歲：僧徒每年坐臘（即夏坐）畢，謂之增一法臘，稱爲“受歲”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#206" id="235">〔16〕</a>每讚：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“母讚”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“每請”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#207" id="236">〔17〕</a>其國中有：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“其國有”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“其國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#208" id="237">〔18〕</a>唾壷：“壷”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015202ec8i.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>”，<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/14015202q6xt.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>”，皆“壷”之訛；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">音義</span>均作“壷”，今據改。<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“壺”，即“壷”字。按：<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五<span class="shuming">智猛法師傳</span>載<span class="zhuanming">智猛</span>以<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>六年（公元404年）發跡<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，遠遊<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，曾於<span class="zhuanming">奇沙國</span>見佛文石唾壷。<span class="zhuanming">智猛</span>之出行，僅後<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>五年，所見佛唾壷正似<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所見，其所歷之<span class="zhuanming">奇沙國</span>蓋即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所經之<span class="zhuanming">竭叉國</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#209" id="238">〔19〕</a>以石作：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“以石作之”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#210" id="239">〔20〕</a>國人：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“其國中人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#211" id="240">〔21〕</a>有千餘僧：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“有千餘僧徒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#212" id="241">〔22〕</a>山：此山即指<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#213" id="242">〔23〕</a>被服粗類秦土：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“被服類粗與秦土同”。“土”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“立”，誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#214" id="243">〔24〕</a>氈褐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“旃󵵾”；<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“氈󵵾”。“旃”即“氈”，“󵵾”爲“褐”之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#215" id="244">〔25〕</a>法用：佛教用語，亦稱“法要”。爲僧徒舉行法會時之重要儀式：一曰梵唄，即誦偈讚嘆佛德；二曰散華，即散花燒香以供養佛；三曰梵音，即唱偈以淨音供養佛；四曰錫杖，即唱偈而振錫杖。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#216" id="245">〔26〕</a>轉轉：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“轉”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00021','1385107',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P21</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#217" id="246">〔27〕</a>具記其國：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“悉其記國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#218" id="247">〔28〕</a>果實：“果”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󱪅”，當是“菓”字之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#219" id="248">〔29〕</a>安石留：“留”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“榴”。安石留即安石榴，略稱石榴，相傳<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">張騫</span>出使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>得之帶歸。“安石”蓋即<span class="zhuanming">安息</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">伊朗</span>），爲其原産地，故名。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
度葱嶺
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125028" key="1125028"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 度葱嶺 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125029" key="1125029"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00021','1385108',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P21</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000035">度葱嶺</p><p> <span>從此西行向<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#255" id="249">〔1〕</a>。在道一月，得度<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>冬夏有雪<a class="zhuhao" href="#256" id="250">〔2〕</a>。又有毒龍，若失其意<a class="zhuhao" href="#257" id="251">〔3〕</a>，則<a class="zhuhao" href="#258" id="252">〔4〕</a>吐毒風，雨雪，飛沙礫石。遇此難者，萬無一全<a class="zhuhao" href="#259" id="253">〔5〕</a>。彼土人人即名爲雪山人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#260" id="254">〔6〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#249" id="255">〔1〕</a>北天竺：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“北天竺國”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#250" id="256">〔2〕</a>葱嶺冬夏有雪：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>“嶺”作“山”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>“嶺”作“嶺山”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>“冬”作“各”，誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#251" id="257">〔3〕</a>其意：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“意”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#252" id="258">〔4〕</a>則：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>自卷首至“則”字全部殘缺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#253" id="259">〔5〕</a>全：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“金”，改正作“全”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#254" id="260">〔6〕</a>彼土人人即名爲雪山人也：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>“雪山人”作“雪山”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>“人人”作“人”，“雪山人”作“雪山”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
附録
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039630" key="1039630"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 附録 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039631" key="1039631"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00155','587683',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P155</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000135"><b>附録</b></p><p> <span>附録（一）所收是<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>中的<span class="shuming">法顯法師傳</span>，記<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>的一生，可以補專記歷遊<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>經過的<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之不足。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之赴<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，自<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>出發時同行的有<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧應</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嵬</span>四人，至<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>又加入<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧紹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧景</span>五人，共十人。在<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>又出一<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>，計十一人（離<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>時又出一<span class="zhuanming">僧韶</span>，當即<span class="zhuanming">僧紹</span>之異寫，故不計）。但一路上先後别去或死去多人：其别去者，在<span class="zhuanming">焉夷</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嵬</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">僧紹</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧景</span>；其死去者，在<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">慧應</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">小雪山</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>。唯<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>和<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>同達<span class="zhuanming">摩揭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>，但以後<span class="zhuanming">道整</span>即留此不歸。故求得經律，自<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>東歸<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>土者，僅<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>一人了。以上除<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>及途中死去二人以外，尚有八人。八人中有傳記可考的，唯<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>兩人，這兩人在我國佛教史上也都是占有重要地位的。故將<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>中的<span class="shuming">智嚴法師傳</span>和<span class="shuming">寶雲法師傳</span>録出，作爲附録（二）﹑（三）。</span> </p><p> <span>附録（四）是<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>所載的<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>得本出經録；附録（五）是<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所譯<span class="shuming">六卷泥洹</span>的出經後記；附録（六）是<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所譯<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>的出經後記；附録（七）也是有關<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>及<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>傳譯此律的記録；附録（八）是有關<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>帶歸的<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律</span>及<span class="zhuanming">佛陀什</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>等譯出此律的記録。這幾篇都和<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>有密切關係，故收<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00156','587683',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P156</span></i>入以供參閲。</span> </p><p> <span>以上各篇附録皆據<span class="shuming">影印宋磧砂藏經</span>本，並參用<span class="shuming">頻伽藏</span>本校核。</span> </p><p> <span>附録的最後一篇，即附録（九），是參考書目。</span> </p><p> <span>〔補記〕　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷十三有<span class="shuming">釋慧達傳</span>，其俗名爲<span class="zhuanming">劉薩河</span>，約公元345年以前生。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二十五亦有<span class="shuming">釋慧達傳</span>，其俗名爲<span class="zhuanming">劉窣和</span>，約公元436年以後死，可見其年壽甚高。此<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>事跡，亦見<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷十五﹑<span class="shuming">釋迦方志</span>卷下﹑<span class="shuming">集神州三寶感通録</span>卷上﹑<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷八十六（引<span class="shuming">冥祥記</span>）等處，<span class="zhuanming">劉薩河</span>之“河”字，<span class="shuming">方志</span>及<span class="shuming">感通録</span>作“何”，<span class="shuming">珠林</span>作“荷”。但因諸書皆不言此<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>曾遊<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，故前人遂未能推定此<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>與<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中在<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>至<span class="zhuanming">弗樓沙</span>一段行程中曾同<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>結伴之<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>即爲一人。近<span class="shuming">文物</span>1983年第6期載<span class="zhuanming">史葦湘</span><span class="shuming">劉薩訶與敦煌莫高窟</span>一文，介紹對<span class="zhuanming">巴黎</span>所藏<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>石窟遺書P.2680﹑3570﹑3727三本<span class="shuming">劉薩訶和尚因緣記</span>之最近研究情况，可知此<span class="zhuanming">劉薩訶</span>和尚即上舉<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>等書之<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>。他本是今<span class="zhuanming">陝</span>北或<span class="zhuanming">山西</span>西部一帶的<span class="zhuanming">稽胡</span>族人（源出<span class="zhuanming">南匈奴</span>），年三十一出家，廣遊<span class="zhuanming">長江</span>下游南岸許多地方，其後西北行，曾參與<span class="zhuanming">莫高窟</span>的興建，尤以曾預言“<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>瑞像”一事（即預言將有一石佛像出現於<span class="zhuanming">武威</span>附近<span class="zhuanming">御谷山</span>，而後竟實現的神話傳説）而著名於今<span class="zhuanming">陝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">甘</span>一帶，今<span class="zhuanming">莫高窟</span>中尚保存有和他有關的“<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>瑞像龕”和壁畫等遺跡。<span class="shuming">因緣記</span>中説：“和尚（即<span class="zhuanming">劉薩訶</span>，亦即<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>）西至<span class="zhuanming">五天（竺）</span>，曾感佛鉢出現。”這與<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>所載<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>情况完全相合，可知<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>，即此佛教史中著名的<span class="zhuanming">劉薩訶</span>和尚。而<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>同行諸人中，除<span class="zhuanming">智嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶雲外</span>，<span class="zhuanming">慧達</span>事迹亦頗可考也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">1983年9月24日補記</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
陀歷國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125032" key="1125032"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 &gt; 陀歷國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039613" key="1039613"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00022','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P22</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000038">陀歷國</p><p> <span>度嶺已，到<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>。始入其境，有一小國名<span class="zhuanming">陀歷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#299" id="261">〔1〕</a>。亦有衆僧，皆小乘學。</span> </p><p> <span>其國昔有羅漢<a class="zhuhao" href="#300" id="262">〔2〕</a>，以神足力<a class="zhuhao" href="#301" id="263">〔3〕</a>，將一巧匠上兜術天<a class="zhuhao" href="#302" id="264">〔4〕</a>，觀<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#303" id="265">〔5〕</a>長短<a class="zhuhao" href="#304" id="266">〔6〕</a>﹑色貌，還下，刻木作像。前後三上觀，然後乃<a class="zhuhao" href="#305" id="267">〔7〕</a>成。像長八丈，足趺<a class="zhuhao" href="#306" id="268">〔8〕</a>八尺，齋日常有光明，諸國王<a class="zhuhao" href="#307" id="269">〔9〕</a>競興<a class="zhuhao" href="#308" id="270">〔10〕</a>供養。今故現在。</span> </p><p> <span>於此順嶺西南行十五日。其道艱岨<a class="zhuhao" href="#309" id="271">〔11〕</a>，崖岸嶮絶<a class="zhuhao" href="#310" id="272">〔12〕</a>，其山唯石<a class="zhuhao" href="#311" id="273">〔13〕</a>，壁立千仞<a class="zhuhao" href="#312" id="274">〔14〕</a>，臨之目眩<a class="zhuhao" href="#313" id="275">〔15〕</a>，欲進則投足無所<a class="zhuhao" href="#314" id="276">〔16〕</a>。下有水，名<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#315" id="277">〔17〕</a>。昔人有<a class="zhuhao" href="#316" id="278">〔18〕</a>鑿石通路施傍梯<a class="zhuhao" href="#317" id="279">〔19〕</a>者，凡度七百，度梯已<a class="zhuhao" href="#318" id="280">〔20〕</a>，躡懸緪<a class="zhuhao" href="#319" id="281">〔21〕</a>過河<a class="zhuhao" href="#320" id="282">〔22〕</a>。河兩岸相去減<a class="zhuhao" href="#321" id="283">〔23〕</a>八十步。九譯所絶<a class="zhuhao" href="#322" id="284">〔24〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之<span class="zhuanming">張騫</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#323" id="285">〔25〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">甘英</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#324" id="286">〔26〕</a>皆不至<a class="zhuhao" href="#325" id="287">〔27〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>衆僧問<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>：“佛法東過<a class="zhuhao" href="#326" id="288">〔28〕</a>，其始可知耶？”<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>云：“訪問彼土人，皆云古老相傳，自立<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>像後，便有<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>沙門賷<a class="zhuhao" href="#327" id="289">〔29〕</a>經﹑律過此河者<a class="zhuhao" href="#328" id="290">〔30〕</a>。像立在<span class="zhuanming">佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#329" id="291">〔31〕</a>泥<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00023','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P23</span></i>洹<a class="zhuhao" href="#330" id="292">〔32〕</a>後三百許年，計於<span class="zhuanming">周</span>氏<span class="zhuanming">平王</span>時。由兹而言，大教宣流，始自此像。非夫<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>大士繼軌<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#331" id="293">〔33〕</a>，孰能令三寶<a class="zhuhao" href="#332" id="294">〔34〕</a>宣通，邊人<a class="zhuhao" href="#333" id="295">〔35〕</a>識法。固知<a class="zhuhao" href="#334" id="296">〔36〕</a>冥運之開，本非人事，則<span class="zhuanming">漢明</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#335" id="297">〔37〕</a>之夢，有由而然矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#336" id="298">〔38〕</a>。”</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#261" id="299">〔1〕</a>陀歷：即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三之<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>，故址在今<span class="zhuanming">克什米爾</span>西北部<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>北岸<span class="zhuanming">達地斯坦</span>（Dardistan）之<span class="zhuanming">達麗爾</span>（Dāre1）。古時由<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>向北通我國，有一陸路交通線經此，即<span class="shuming">釋迦方志</span>卷下所稱之“陀歷道”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#262" id="300">〔2〕</a>羅漢：梵文Arhat音譯阿羅漢之略。佛教修行所達到的理想中的果位，以爲能斷除煩惱，應受衆生供養，超脱生死輪回。既達此果，能具神力，如本文之所述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#263" id="301">〔3〕</a>神足力：佛教所稱佛﹑菩薩等所具自在無礙之一種神通。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#264" id="302">〔4〕</a>兜術天：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“咒術天”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“兜率天”。梵文Tuṣita之音譯，亦作兜率天或覩史多天。佛教理想中的一種天上幻境。又以爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>即居於其内。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#265" id="303">〔5〕</a>彌勒菩薩：梵文Maitreya Bodhisattva音譯之略。佛教菩薩之一，傳説他將繼承<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的佛位而成佛。關於此刻木作<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>像的神話，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三亦記其事，云此羅漢名<span class="zhuanming">末田底迦</span>（Madhyāntika），並謂“自有此像，法流東派”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#266" id="304">〔6〕</a>長短：“短”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“梪”；<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>均作“𢭃”。“梪”爲“𢭃”之訛，“𢭃”與“短”同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#267" id="305">〔7〕</a>乃：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“及”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#268" id="306">〔8〕</a>足趺：<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>注云：“下音夫，加足坐也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#269" id="307">〔9〕</a>國王：石本作“王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#270" id="308">〔10〕</a>競興：石本作“󵶂興”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“竟與”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#271" id="309">〔11〕</a>岨：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“阻”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“阻”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“岨”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00024','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P24</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#272" id="310">〔12〕</a>崖岸嶮絶：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“岸”字；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“崖岸險絶”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">吴文</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>亦作“崖岸險絶”；<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“崖險岸絶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#273" id="311">〔13〕</a>唯石：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“以石”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“惟石”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#274" id="312">〔14〕</a>壁立千仞：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“辟空千刃”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“壁空千刃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#275" id="313">〔15〕</a>目眩：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“目眆”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#276" id="314">〔16〕</a>欲進則投足無所：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“欲進則懼投足無所”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#277" id="315">〔17〕</a>新頭河：梵文Sindhu之音譯，即今<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#278" id="316">〔18〕</a>人有：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“有人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#279" id="317">〔19〕</a>傍梯：“傍”，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆作“傍”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>亦作“傍”；<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“倚”。“梯”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>皆作“𨁃”，下同。<span class="shuming">音義</span>云：“<span class="shuming">考聲</span>云：‘梯，隥也，可以登也。’<span class="shuming">古今正字</span>：‘從木，弟聲。’傳文從足作𨁃，非。”則<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本有誤作“𨁃”者。<span class="shuming">石</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌</span>兩本之誤同於<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本，亦可見其淵源之古也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#280" id="318">〔20〕</a>凡度七百度梯已：“七百”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>所附小注及<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>均作“七日”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“凡渡七百梯已”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“凡度七百渡梯已”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“凡渡七百渡梯已”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“凡度七百梯度已”。按：<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>注引<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，常簡括其文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“凡渡七百梯，已”，文義自通。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">朱</span>改作“凡度七百，渡梯已”，乃據<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>改；而<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>以<span class="shuming">朱本</span>文句爲不順，以爲應將“度梯二字例互作‘凡度七百梯（句）度已（句）’，于文義爲順”，<span class="shuming">趙本</span>即如是改寫，此<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>氏未細檢<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>也。<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>同<span class="shuming">趙本</span>，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>且譏<span class="shuming">朱本</span>曰：“案：近刻訛作‘凡度七百渡梯已’。”此又<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏既未遵<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，亦未檢<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，却雷同<span class="shuming">趙本</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#281" id="319">〔21〕</a>躡懸緪：“躡”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶃”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“󵶄”。“懸”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“縣”。“緪”，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆作“絙”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>云：“絙，古登反，大索也。”又<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“絚”，其他各本皆作“絙”。<span class="shuming">音義</span>云：“縆……<span class="shuming">傳</span>作‘絙’，音桓，非。亦書寫脱去心也。”按：<span class="shuming">音義</span>“縆”應作“緪”，今改。“緪”亦可省作“絚”；<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本已有作“絙”者，<span class="shuming">音義</span>以爲非。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#282" id="320">〔22〕</a>過河：<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五<span class="shuming">法顯法師傳</span>和<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">釋法顯傳</span>都<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00025','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P25</span></i>載：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於此“躡懸緪過河數十餘處”。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（36頁）據此以爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於此所過之河非<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>主流，而爲其支流，故下句言其兩岸相去尚不足八十步也。按：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之自<span class="zhuanming">陀歷</span>赴<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>，取道<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>西北岸，此處之“過河”，及下文“度河便到<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>”之“度河”，蓋指<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>西北岸之支流。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三記由<span class="zhuanming">烏仗那國</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>）至<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">陀歷國</span>）之情况，云：“<span class="zhuanming">瞢揭釐城</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">烏仗那</span>都城）東北踰山越谷，逆上<span class="zhuanming">信度河</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>），途路危險，山谷杳冥，或履緪索，或牽鐵鎖，棧道虚臨，飛梁危構，椽杙躡隥，行千餘里，至<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>。”此所記道路，即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所經行者，<span class="shuming">西域記</span>之記述，自西南向東北，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之行路則自東北向西南。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#283" id="321">〔23〕</a>減：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“滅”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“咸”，<span class="zhuanming">楊守敬</span>云，減﹑咸古字通。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#284" id="322">〔24〕</a>九譯所絶：“譯”，<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“驛”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“驛”。“絶”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“記”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>及<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“絶”，今據改。<span class="shuming">朱本</span>“九驛所絶”下注云：“<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>作‘九驛所記’。<span class="zhuanming">謝兆申</span>云，‘驛’當作‘譯’。”<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>云：“按：<span class="zhuanming">謝</span>説是也。……九譯所絶，言道路險遠，無人行迹也。絶字義長。”按：九譯，指離我國極遠的國家。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">賈捐之傳</span><span class="zhuanming">顔</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">晉灼</span>曰：“遠國使來，因九譯語言乃通也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#285" id="323">〔25〕</a>張騫：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“張󵶅”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“張褰”。張騫（？—114年），<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>人，曾奉<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>命出使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，遠達今<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>一帶，是我國有記載的最早開辟<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>交通的重要人物之一。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#286" id="324">〔26〕</a>甘英：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“耳英”。<span class="zhuanming">甘英</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">和帝</span>時奉<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>都護<span class="zhuanming">班超</span>命出使<span class="zhuanming">大秦</span>（<span class="zhuanming">羅馬帝國</span>東部），至<span class="zhuanming">條支</span>，臨<span class="zhuanming">西海</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">波斯灣</span>）而還。事見<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#287" id="325">〔27〕</a>不至：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“不能至”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“不至此”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，各本皆作“不至也”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#288" id="326">〔28〕</a>過：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“遇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#289" id="327">〔29〕</a>賷：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“齎”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“賫”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#290" id="328">〔30〕</a>自立彌勒菩薩像後便有天竺沙門賷經律過此河者：觀此及上注〔5〕所引<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三“自有此像，法流東派”之語，皆足以反映<span class="zhuanming">陀歷</span>地方爲古代佛教東傳我國之一重要交通線所經。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00026','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P26</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#291" id="329">〔31〕</a>佛：一般認爲佛即梵文Buddha音譯佛陀之略。近代學者或以爲佛乃古龜兹文pūd（或pud）或<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>文pät之音譯（參看<span class="zhuanming">季羡林</span><span class="shuming">中印文化關係史論叢</span>11—19頁）。意譯“覺者”。本書所稱之佛，常用以爲對<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之尊稱，如此處即是。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#292" id="330">〔32〕</a>泥洹：梵文Nirvāṇa之音譯，亦作涅槃，或稱般泥洹或般涅槃（Parinirvāṇa），意譯“寂滅”﹑“圓寂”。此云<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹後三百許年，即言<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>卒年後約三百年也。按：關于<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之卒年，異説甚多。如<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六云：“自<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃，諸部異議，或云千二百餘年，或云千三百餘年，或云千五百餘年，或云已過九百，未滿千年。”<span class="shuming">西域記</span>成書於<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>二十年（公元646年），依<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>所述，以爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>卒之年大約在公元前600年，或700年，或900年，或300年左右也。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>此處言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹後三百許年當我國<span class="zhuanming">周平王</span>（公元前770—720年）時，是以爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>卒之年大約在公元前1000年左右也。又按：<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中有一部<span class="shuming">善見律毘婆沙</span>（亦作<span class="shuming">善見毘婆娑律</span>），據<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷十一云：“<span class="shuming">善見毘婆娑律</span>十八卷，……（<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>）<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>世，外國沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋陀羅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>言<span class="zhuanming">僧賢</span>（譯）。師資相傳云，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃後<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>既結集律藏訖，即於其年七月十五日受自恣竟，以香華供養律藏，便下一點置律藏前，年年如是。<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>欲涅槃，持付弟子<span class="zhuanming">陀寫俱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陀寫俱</span>欲涅槃，付弟子<span class="zhuanming">須俱</span>，……如是師師相付，至今<span class="zhuanming">三藏法師</span>。<span class="zhuanming">三藏法師</span>將律藏至<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，臨上舶反還去，以律藏付弟子<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋陀羅</span>。<span class="zhuanming">羅</span>以<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>六年（公元488年）共沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧猗</span>於<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span><span class="zhuanming">竹林寺</span>譯出此<span class="shuming">善見毘婆沙</span>，因共安居。以<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>七年庚午歲（按：<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>七年即公元489年應爲己巳歲，<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span><span class="zhuanming">智昇</span>已改正）七月半夜受自恣竟，如前師法，以香華供養律藏訖即下一點，當其年計得九百七十五點，點是一年。……”由975-489＝486上推，可算出<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年應爲公元前486年。此一對於<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年的推測，目前在國際間爲大多數學者所尊重。如<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>學者<span class="zhuanming">麥勤達</span>（R.C.Majumdar）主編之十卷本<span class="shuming">印度人民之歷史與文化</span>（The History and Culture of the Indian People，以下簡稱<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>）第二卷第二章﹑第五章即採用此説，並以之爲基礎來推測其他許多<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>古史中重要人物大約的生活年代。兹將其中和<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>有關的幾個人物大約的年代推測，選録如下，以備參考：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（1）<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>誕生年：約公元前566年（相傳<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>在世八十年，故推得此數）。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00027','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P27</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（2）<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國䓑沙王</span>（Bimbisāra）在位年：約公元前544—493年（<span class="zhuanming">錫蘭</span>古<span class="zhuanming">僧訶羅</span>編年史相傳此王在位五十二年，而<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年爲其子<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>在位之第八年，故推得此數）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（3）<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>（Ajātasatru）在位年：約公元前493—462年（古<span class="zhuanming">僧訶羅</span>編年史相傳此王在位三十二年，而<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃當其在位之第八年，故推得此數）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（4）<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>（Asoka）在位年：約公元前273—236年（古<span class="zhuanming">僧訶羅</span>編年史相傳此王加冕在<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃後二百十八年。<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>之<span class="shuming">摩崖敕諭第十三</span>，立于此王加冕後第十三年，據學者之考查，應爲公元前256年所頒布，由此可推知王之加冕年爲公元前269年。而<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年即公元前486年之後二百十八年亦可爲公元前269年。古<span class="zhuanming">僧伽羅</span>編年史又謂<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>即位後四年始正式加冕，故可推知其即位年得爲公元前273年。佛教所傳王在位共三十七年，故又可推知其卒年得爲公元前236年）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">按：<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>古代曆法繁多，保存不完備，計算甚困難。此注及一些相關的年代推算，皆根據<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>第二卷698—702頁所載詳細年表。<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>古曆與公曆换算有時會發生一年之差（如我國夏曆與公曆之换算亦然），有時因隔地較遠等原因還可以差得稍多一點。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#293" id="331">〔33〕</a>釋迦：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>（Sākyamuni）之簡稱，義爲“<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>族的聖人”，即指佛教創始人<span class="zhuanming">悉達多</span>·<span class="zhuanming">喬答摩</span>（Siddhārtha Gautama）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#294" id="332">〔34〕</a>三寶：佛教以佛﹑法﹑僧爲三寶。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#295" id="333">〔35〕</a>邊人：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教徒稱<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>中流一帶的中<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>爲“中國”（Madhya-desa），（見下〔烏萇國〕節注〔4〕），而以遠方之地爲“邊地”（Mleccha-desa），人爲邊人或邊地人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#296" id="334">〔36〕</a>知：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“如”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“始”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#297" id="335">〔37〕</a>漢明：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“漢明帝”。即<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>，相傳<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>曾夢見神人，或告爲即佛，因遣使者赴<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>傳寫佛經，並在<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>起立佛寺云云。見<span class="zhuanming">牟融</span><span class="shuming">理惑論</span>（載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一）等書。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#298" id="336">〔38〕</a>矣：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
五　浮海東還
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039621" key="1039621"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 五　浮海東還 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039622" key="1039622"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00142','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P142</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000125">自師子國到耶婆提國</p><p> <span>得此梵本<a class="zhuhao" href="#2366" id="2337">〔1〕</a>已，即載商人大船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2367" id="2338">〔2〕</a>，上可有二百餘人。後係一小船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2368" id="2339">〔3〕</a>，海行艱嶮，以備大船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2369" id="2340">〔4〕</a>毁壞。得好信風<a class="zhuhao" href="#2370" id="2341">〔5〕</a>，東下二日<a class="zhuhao" href="#2371" id="2342">〔6〕</a>，便值大風。船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2372" id="2343">〔7〕</a>漏水入。商人欲趣小船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2373" id="2344">〔8〕</a>，小船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2374" id="2345">〔9〕</a>上人恐人來多，即斫緪斷<a class="zhuhao" href="#2375" id="2346">〔10〕</a>，商人大怖，命在須臾<a class="zhuhao" href="#2376" id="2347">〔11〕</a>，恐船<a class="zhuhao" href="#2377" id="2348">〔12〕</a>水漏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2378" id="2349">〔13〕</a>，即取麁財貨擲著水中。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>亦以君墀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2379" id="2350">〔14〕</a>及澡罐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2380" id="2351">〔15〕</a>并餘物棄擲海中，但恐商人擲去經像，唯一心念<span class="zhuanming">觀世音</span>及歸命<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地衆僧：“我遠行求法，願威神歸流，得到所止<a class="zhuhao" href="#2381" id="2352">〔16〕</a>。”如是大風晝夜十三日，到一島邊<a class="zhuhao" href="#2382" id="2353">〔17〕</a>。潮退之後，見船漏處，即補塞之。於是復前。</span> </p><p> <span>海中<a class="zhuhao" href="#2383" id="2354">〔18〕</a>多有抄賊，遇輒無全。大海彌漫無邊，不識東西，唯望日﹑月﹑星宿而進。若陰雨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2384" id="2355">〔19〕</a>時，爲逐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2385" id="2356">〔20〕</a>風去，亦無准<a class="zhuhao" href="#2386" id="2357">〔21〕</a>。當夜闇時，但見大浪相搏，晃然<a class="zhuhao" href="#2387" id="2358">〔22〕</a>火色，黿﹑鼉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2388" id="2359">〔23〕</a>水性怪異之屬，商人荒遽<a class="zhuhao" href="#2389" id="2360">〔24〕</a>，不知那向<a class="zhuhao" href="#2390" id="2361">〔25〕</a>。海深無底，又無下石住處<a class="zhuhao" href="#2391" id="2362">〔26〕</a>。至天晴已，乃知<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00143','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P143</span></i>東西，還復望正<a class="zhuhao" href="#2392" id="2363">〔27〕</a>而進。若值伏石，則無活路。</span> </p><p> <span>如是九十日許<a class="zhuhao" href="#2393" id="2364">〔28〕</a>，乃到一國，名<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2394" id="2365">〔29〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2337" id="2366">〔1〕</a>梵本：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“胡本”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2338" id="2367">〔2〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2339" id="2368">〔3〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2340" id="2369">〔4〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2341" id="2370">〔5〕</a>得好信風：<span class="shuming">足</span><span class="shuming">立氏書</span>（219頁）云：“<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>東航約十五日，漂流九十日許，留<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span>五月。翌年四月十五日（按：應作十六日）出航<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span>，由此逆推，則其出發<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>當爲<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>七年（西曆411年）八月頃。<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>七年八月正當西曆411年九月（陽曆），恰爲西南季候風之末期，已屬季候風之轉换期矣。此際常有旋風來襲，風起不定，頗不利於航行。故此際<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>乘信風出發，忽大風襲來，遂遇九十日許漂流之難。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2342" id="2371">〔6〕</a>二日：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“三日”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2343" id="2372">〔7〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2344" id="2373">〔8〕</a>同上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2345" id="2374">〔9〕</a>同上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2346" id="2375">〔10〕</a>斫緪斷：“斷”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“䉼”。“緪”，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆作“絙”，兹依前〔陀歷國〕節注〔21〕改作“緪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2347" id="2376">〔11〕</a>命在須臾：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“命存須<span><img class="wordPic" height="" src="http://xuexi.ancientbooks.cn/shuju/u/cms/www/201612/140152037sdw.png" style="width: 12px; display: inline-block;" width=""/></span>”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2348" id="2377">〔12〕</a>船：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“舶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2349" id="2378">〔13〕</a>漏：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“滿”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2350" id="2379">〔14〕</a>君墀：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“軍持”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“軍墀”。君墀（Kuṇḍikā），水瓶也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2351" id="2380">〔15〕</a>澡罐：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“澡灌”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“滲灌”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“澡罐”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2352" id="2381">〔16〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“上”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2353" id="2382">〔17〕</a>到一島邊：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“到一鳥邊”。關於此島，<span class="shuming">皮氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（167頁注〔4〕）以爲無可考，<span class="shuming">理氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（112頁）及<span class="shuming">翟氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（77頁）亦未作考釋。<span class="shuming">足立<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00144','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P144</span></i>氏</span><span class="shuming">書</span>（220頁）以爲可能是今<span class="zhuanming">尼科巴羣島</span>（Nicobar Is.）中之一島。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2354" id="2383">〔18〕</a>海中：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“海”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2355" id="2384">〔19〕</a>陰雨：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“險雨”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2356" id="2385">〔20〕</a>逐：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“遂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2357" id="2386">〔21〕</a>無准：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“无所准”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“無所准”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2358" id="2387">〔22〕</a>晃然：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“日光”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“晃若”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2359" id="2388">〔23〕</a>鼉：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>皆作“鼈”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“鼉”，又<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>亦作“鼉”，注云音陀，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2360" id="2389">〔24〕</a>荒遽：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“荒懅”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>作“慌遽”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2361" id="2390">〔25〕</a>那向：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“所向”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2362" id="2391">〔26〕</a>下石住處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“下石柱處”。下石或下石柱，蓋謂下石錨也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2363" id="2392">〔27〕</a>正：鎌本似作“日 月”。此下鎌本有二十餘字殘壞，至“婆”字始可辨認。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2364" id="2393">〔28〕</a>九十日許：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“九十許日”。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>自<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>“附商人大舶循海而還，舶有二百許人，值暴風水入，衆皆惶懅，即取雜物棄之，……舶任風而去，得無傷壞，經十餘日，達<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提國</span>”。取以相對，此“九十日許”似失之太久。然<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>上文云：“海中多有抄賊，遇輒無全。”<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（167頁注〔5〕）以爲此當指<span class="zhuanming">亞齊頭</span>（Acheen Head，位於今<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊島</span>西北角）一帶之海盗而言，此等海盗直至<span class="zhuanming">皮</span>氏成書時（公元1869年）尚爲附近商船因無風而停止前進時之大患。又，<span class="zhuanming">塞爾曼</span>（R.R.Sell-man）<span class="shuming">東方歷史簡要地圖</span>（An Outline Atlas of Eastern History）第十二圖，亦注出公元第五世紀時，今<span class="zhuanming">馬六甲海峽</span>之航路，爲<span class="zhuanming">馬來</span>海盗所阻塞，海舶航行，多改道繞過<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>之外方（即南方）而東進，通過今<span class="zhuanming">巽他海峽</span>北上。按：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>過此，正當公元第五世紀初期，因避海盗而如此繞道，勢必增加航行時間，則“九十日許”固亦爲事理所容許也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2365" id="2394">〔29〕</a>耶婆提：據成書於公元前後之<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>大史詩<span class="shuming">羅摩衍那</span>（Rāmāyaṇa）中説，東方有一名爲Yava-dvīpa（<span class="zhuanming">大麥島</span>）的地方；公元二世紀時<span class="zhuanming">埃及亞歷山大城</span>的著名地理家<span class="zhuanming">托勒密</span>（Ptolemy）在其所著的地理書中則稱之爲Iabadiou（即Yava-dvīpa之異寫）。我國<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷六﹑卷一一六中，曾記<span class="zhuanming">順<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00145','1385151',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P145</span></i>帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永建</span>六年（公元131年）有“<span class="zhuanming">日南</span>徼外<span class="zhuanming">葉調國</span>……遣使貢獻”。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此處之<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">葉調</span>﹑Yava-dvīpa﹑Iabadiou同名異寫，皆是一地。此地今爲何地，諸家解説不一，或以爲指今<span class="zhuanming">爪哇</span>（如<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">伯希和</span>Paul Pelliot所著<span class="shuming">交廣印度兩道</span>考86—90頁），或以爲指今<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊島</span>（如<span class="zhuanming">馮承鈞</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">費瑯</span>G.Ferrand所著<span class="shuming">蘇門答腊古國考</span>93—97頁）。注釋<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>者，如<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（168頁）及<span class="shuming">翟氏書</span>（78頁）皆以比爲今<span class="zhuanming">爪哇</span>，<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（222頁）則又以此爲今<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>東部。按：<span class="zhuanming">爪哇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>二島毗連，古時之<span class="zhuanming">葉調</span>，yava-dvīpa，Iabadiou，<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>，得爲此二島之共同名稱。但本傳下文言<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>其後乘船自<span class="zhuanming">耶婆提</span>出發擬前往<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，係取“東北”方向，則似以從<span class="zhuanming">蘇門答腊</span>東部啓程爲較合。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
二　北天竺、西天竺記遊
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1039612" key="1039612"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 二　北天竺、西天竺記遊 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039613" key="1039613"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00022','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P22</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000038">陀歷國</p><p> <span>度嶺已，到<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>。始入其境，有一小國名<span class="zhuanming">陀歷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#299" id="261">〔1〕</a>。亦有衆僧，皆小乘學。</span> </p><p> <span>其國昔有羅漢<a class="zhuhao" href="#300" id="262">〔2〕</a>，以神足力<a class="zhuhao" href="#301" id="263">〔3〕</a>，將一巧匠上兜術天<a class="zhuhao" href="#302" id="264">〔4〕</a>，觀<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#303" id="265">〔5〕</a>長短<a class="zhuhao" href="#304" id="266">〔6〕</a>﹑色貌，還下，刻木作像。前後三上觀，然後乃<a class="zhuhao" href="#305" id="267">〔7〕</a>成。像長八丈，足趺<a class="zhuhao" href="#306" id="268">〔8〕</a>八尺，齋日常有光明，諸國王<a class="zhuhao" href="#307" id="269">〔9〕</a>競興<a class="zhuhao" href="#308" id="270">〔10〕</a>供養。今故現在。</span> </p><p> <span>於此順嶺西南行十五日。其道艱岨<a class="zhuhao" href="#309" id="271">〔11〕</a>，崖岸嶮絶<a class="zhuhao" href="#310" id="272">〔12〕</a>，其山唯石<a class="zhuhao" href="#311" id="273">〔13〕</a>，壁立千仞<a class="zhuhao" href="#312" id="274">〔14〕</a>，臨之目眩<a class="zhuhao" href="#313" id="275">〔15〕</a>，欲進則投足無所<a class="zhuhao" href="#314" id="276">〔16〕</a>。下有水，名<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#315" id="277">〔17〕</a>。昔人有<a class="zhuhao" href="#316" id="278">〔18〕</a>鑿石通路施傍梯<a class="zhuhao" href="#317" id="279">〔19〕</a>者，凡度七百，度梯已<a class="zhuhao" href="#318" id="280">〔20〕</a>，躡懸緪<a class="zhuhao" href="#319" id="281">〔21〕</a>過河<a class="zhuhao" href="#320" id="282">〔22〕</a>。河兩岸相去減<a class="zhuhao" href="#321" id="283">〔23〕</a>八十步。九譯所絶<a class="zhuhao" href="#322" id="284">〔24〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之<span class="zhuanming">張騫</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#323" id="285">〔25〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">甘英</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#324" id="286">〔26〕</a>皆不至<a class="zhuhao" href="#325" id="287">〔27〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>衆僧問<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>：“佛法東過<a class="zhuhao" href="#326" id="288">〔28〕</a>，其始可知耶？”<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>云：“訪問彼土人，皆云古老相傳，自立<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>像後，便有<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>沙門賷<a class="zhuhao" href="#327" id="289">〔29〕</a>經﹑律過此河者<a class="zhuhao" href="#328" id="290">〔30〕</a>。像立在<span class="zhuanming">佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#329" id="291">〔31〕</a>泥<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00023','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P23</span></i>洹<a class="zhuhao" href="#330" id="292">〔32〕</a>後三百許年，計於<span class="zhuanming">周</span>氏<span class="zhuanming">平王</span>時。由兹而言，大教宣流，始自此像。非夫<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>大士繼軌<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#331" id="293">〔33〕</a>，孰能令三寶<a class="zhuhao" href="#332" id="294">〔34〕</a>宣通，邊人<a class="zhuhao" href="#333" id="295">〔35〕</a>識法。固知<a class="zhuhao" href="#334" id="296">〔36〕</a>冥運之開，本非人事，則<span class="zhuanming">漢明</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#335" id="297">〔37〕</a>之夢，有由而然矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#336" id="298">〔38〕</a>。”</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#261" id="299">〔1〕</a>陀歷：即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三之<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>，故址在今<span class="zhuanming">克什米爾</span>西北部<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>北岸<span class="zhuanming">達地斯坦</span>（Dardistan）之<span class="zhuanming">達麗爾</span>（Dāre1）。古時由<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>向北通我國，有一陸路交通線經此，即<span class="shuming">釋迦方志</span>卷下所稱之“陀歷道”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#262" id="300">〔2〕</a>羅漢：梵文Arhat音譯阿羅漢之略。佛教修行所達到的理想中的果位，以爲能斷除煩惱，應受衆生供養，超脱生死輪回。既達此果，能具神力，如本文之所述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#263" id="301">〔3〕</a>神足力：佛教所稱佛﹑菩薩等所具自在無礙之一種神通。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#264" id="302">〔4〕</a>兜術天：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“咒術天”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“兜率天”。梵文Tuṣita之音譯，亦作兜率天或覩史多天。佛教理想中的一種天上幻境。又以爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>即居於其内。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#265" id="303">〔5〕</a>彌勒菩薩：梵文Maitreya Bodhisattva音譯之略。佛教菩薩之一，傳説他將繼承<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的佛位而成佛。關於此刻木作<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>像的神話，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三亦記其事，云此羅漢名<span class="zhuanming">末田底迦</span>（Madhyāntika），並謂“自有此像，法流東派”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#266" id="304">〔6〕</a>長短：“短”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“梪”；<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>均作“𢭃”。“梪”爲“𢭃”之訛，“𢭃”與“短”同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#267" id="305">〔7〕</a>乃：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“及”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#268" id="306">〔8〕</a>足趺：<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>注云：“下音夫，加足坐也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#269" id="307">〔9〕</a>國王：石本作“王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#270" id="308">〔10〕</a>競興：石本作“󵶂興”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“竟與”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#271" id="309">〔11〕</a>岨：<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“阻”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>之記載，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“阻”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“岨”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00024','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P24</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#272" id="310">〔12〕</a>崖岸嶮絶：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“岸”字；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“崖岸險絶”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">吴文</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>亦作“崖岸險絶”；<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“崖險岸絶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#273" id="311">〔13〕</a>唯石：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“以石”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“惟石”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#274" id="312">〔14〕</a>壁立千仞：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“辟空千刃”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“壁空千刃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#275" id="313">〔15〕</a>目眩：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“目眆”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#276" id="314">〔16〕</a>欲進則投足無所：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“欲進則懼投足無所”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#277" id="315">〔17〕</a>新頭河：梵文Sindhu之音譯，即今<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#278" id="316">〔18〕</a>人有：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“有人”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#279" id="317">〔19〕</a>傍梯：“傍”，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆作“傍”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>亦作“傍”；<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“倚”。“梯”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>皆作“𨁃”，下同。<span class="shuming">音義</span>云：“<span class="shuming">考聲</span>云：‘梯，隥也，可以登也。’<span class="shuming">古今正字</span>：‘從木，弟聲。’傳文從足作𨁃，非。”則<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本有誤作“𨁃”者。<span class="shuming">石</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌</span>兩本之誤同於<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本，亦可見其淵源之古也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#280" id="318">〔20〕</a>凡度七百度梯已：“七百”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>所附小注及<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>均作“七日”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“凡渡七百梯已”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“凡度七百渡梯已”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“凡渡七百渡梯已”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“凡度七百梯度已”。按：<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>注引<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，常簡括其文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“凡渡七百梯，已”，文義自通。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">朱</span>改作“凡度七百，渡梯已”，乃據<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>改；而<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>以<span class="shuming">朱本</span>文句爲不順，以爲應將“度梯二字例互作‘凡度七百梯（句）度已（句）’，于文義爲順”，<span class="shuming">趙本</span>即如是改寫，此<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>氏未細檢<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>也。<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>同<span class="shuming">趙本</span>，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>且譏<span class="shuming">朱本</span>曰：“案：近刻訛作‘凡度七百渡梯已’。”此又<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏既未遵<span class="shuming">大典本</span>，亦未檢<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，却雷同<span class="shuming">趙本</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#281" id="319">〔21〕</a>躡懸緪：“躡”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶃”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“󵶄”。“懸”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“縣”。“緪”，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆作“絙”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>云：“絙，古登反，大索也。”又<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“絚”，其他各本皆作“絙”。<span class="shuming">音義</span>云：“縆……<span class="shuming">傳</span>作‘絙’，音桓，非。亦書寫脱去心也。”按：<span class="shuming">音義</span>“縆”應作“緪”，今改。“緪”亦可省作“絚”；<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本已有作“絙”者，<span class="shuming">音義</span>以爲非。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#282" id="320">〔22〕</a>過河：<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五<span class="shuming">法顯法師傳</span>和<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">釋法顯傳</span>都<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00025','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P25</span></i>載：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於此“躡懸緪過河數十餘處”。<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（36頁）據此以爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於此所過之河非<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>主流，而爲其支流，故下句言其兩岸相去尚不足八十步也。按：<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之自<span class="zhuanming">陀歷</span>赴<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>，取道<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>西北岸，此處之“過河”，及下文“度河便到<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>”之“度河”，蓋指<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>西北岸之支流。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三記由<span class="zhuanming">烏仗那國</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">烏萇國</span>）至<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">陀歷國</span>）之情况，云：“<span class="zhuanming">瞢揭釐城</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">烏仗那</span>都城）東北踰山越谷，逆上<span class="zhuanming">信度河</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>），途路危險，山谷杳冥，或履緪索，或牽鐵鎖，棧道虚臨，飛梁危構，椽杙躡隥，行千餘里，至<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>。”此所記道路，即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所經行者，<span class="shuming">西域記</span>之記述，自西南向東北，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之行路則自東北向西南。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#283" id="321">〔23〕</a>減：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“滅”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“咸”，<span class="zhuanming">楊守敬</span>云，減﹑咸古字通。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#284" id="322">〔24〕</a>九譯所絶：“譯”，<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“驛”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“驛”。“絶”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“記”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>及<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“絶”，今據改。<span class="shuming">朱本</span>“九驛所絶”下注云：“<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>作‘九驛所記’。<span class="zhuanming">謝兆申</span>云，‘驛’當作‘譯’。”<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>云：“按：<span class="zhuanming">謝</span>説是也。……九譯所絶，言道路險遠，無人行迹也。絶字義長。”按：九譯，指離我國極遠的國家。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">賈捐之傳</span><span class="zhuanming">顔</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">晉灼</span>曰：“遠國使來，因九譯語言乃通也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#285" id="323">〔25〕</a>張騫：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“張󵶅”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“張褰”。張騫（？—114年），<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>人，曾奉<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>命出使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，遠達今<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>一帶，是我國有記載的最早開辟<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>交通的重要人物之一。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#286" id="324">〔26〕</a>甘英：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“耳英”。<span class="zhuanming">甘英</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">和帝</span>時奉<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>都護<span class="zhuanming">班超</span>命出使<span class="zhuanming">大秦</span>（<span class="zhuanming">羅馬帝國</span>東部），至<span class="zhuanming">條支</span>，臨<span class="zhuanming">西海</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">波斯灣</span>）而還。事見<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#287" id="325">〔27〕</a>不至：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“不能至”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“不至此”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，各本皆作“不至也”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#288" id="326">〔28〕</a>過：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“遇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#289" id="327">〔29〕</a>賷：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“齎”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“賫”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#290" id="328">〔30〕</a>自立彌勒菩薩像後便有天竺沙門賷經律過此河者：觀此及上注〔5〕所引<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三“自有此像，法流東派”之語，皆足以反映<span class="zhuanming">陀歷</span>地方爲古代佛教東傳我國之一重要交通線所經。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00026','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P26</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#291" id="329">〔31〕</a>佛：一般認爲佛即梵文Buddha音譯佛陀之略。近代學者或以爲佛乃古龜兹文pūd（或pud）或<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>文pät之音譯（參看<span class="zhuanming">季羡林</span><span class="shuming">中印文化關係史論叢</span>11—19頁）。意譯“覺者”。本書所稱之佛，常用以爲對<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之尊稱，如此處即是。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#292" id="330">〔32〕</a>泥洹：梵文Nirvāṇa之音譯，亦作涅槃，或稱般泥洹或般涅槃（Parinirvāṇa），意譯“寂滅”﹑“圓寂”。此云<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹後三百許年，即言<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>卒年後約三百年也。按：關于<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之卒年，異説甚多。如<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六云：“自<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃，諸部異議，或云千二百餘年，或云千三百餘年，或云千五百餘年，或云已過九百，未滿千年。”<span class="shuming">西域記</span>成書於<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>二十年（公元646年），依<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>所述，以爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>卒之年大約在公元前600年，或700年，或900年，或300年左右也。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>此處言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹後三百許年當我國<span class="zhuanming">周平王</span>（公元前770—720年）時，是以爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>卒之年大約在公元前1000年左右也。又按：<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中有一部<span class="shuming">善見律毘婆沙</span>（亦作<span class="shuming">善見毘婆娑律</span>），據<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷十一云：“<span class="shuming">善見毘婆娑律</span>十八卷，……（<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>）<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>世，外國沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋陀羅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>言<span class="zhuanming">僧賢</span>（譯）。師資相傳云，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃後<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>既結集律藏訖，即於其年七月十五日受自恣竟，以香華供養律藏，便下一點置律藏前，年年如是。<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>欲涅槃，持付弟子<span class="zhuanming">陀寫俱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陀寫俱</span>欲涅槃，付弟子<span class="zhuanming">須俱</span>，……如是師師相付，至今<span class="zhuanming">三藏法師</span>。<span class="zhuanming">三藏法師</span>將律藏至<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，臨上舶反還去，以律藏付弟子<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋陀羅</span>。<span class="zhuanming">羅</span>以<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>六年（公元488年）共沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧猗</span>於<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span><span class="zhuanming">竹林寺</span>譯出此<span class="shuming">善見毘婆沙</span>，因共安居。以<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>七年庚午歲（按：<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>七年即公元489年應爲己巳歲，<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span><span class="zhuanming">智昇</span>已改正）七月半夜受自恣竟，如前師法，以香華供養律藏訖即下一點，當其年計得九百七十五點，點是一年。……”由975-489＝486上推，可算出<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年應爲公元前486年。此一對於<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年的推測，目前在國際間爲大多數學者所尊重。如<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>學者<span class="zhuanming">麥勤達</span>（R.C.Majumdar）主編之十卷本<span class="shuming">印度人民之歷史與文化</span>（The History and Culture of the Indian People，以下簡稱<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>）第二卷第二章﹑第五章即採用此説，並以之爲基礎來推測其他許多<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>古史中重要人物大約的生活年代。兹將其中和<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>有關的幾個人物大約的年代推測，選録如下，以備參考：</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（1）<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>誕生年：約公元前566年（相傳<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>在世八十年，故推得此數）。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00027','1385109',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P27</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（2）<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國䓑沙王</span>（Bimbisāra）在位年：約公元前544—493年（<span class="zhuanming">錫蘭</span>古<span class="zhuanming">僧訶羅</span>編年史相傳此王在位五十二年，而<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年爲其子<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>在位之第八年，故推得此數）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（3）<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>（Ajātasatru）在位年：約公元前493—462年（古<span class="zhuanming">僧訶羅</span>編年史相傳此王在位三十二年，而<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃當其在位之第八年，故推得此數）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（4）<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>（Asoka）在位年：約公元前273—236年（古<span class="zhuanming">僧訶羅</span>編年史相傳此王加冕在<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃後二百十八年。<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>之<span class="shuming">摩崖敕諭第十三</span>，立于此王加冕後第十三年，據學者之考查，應爲公元前256年所頒布，由此可推知王之加冕年爲公元前269年。而<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>涅槃年即公元前486年之後二百十八年亦可爲公元前269年。古<span class="zhuanming">僧伽羅</span>編年史又謂<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>即位後四年始正式加冕，故可推知其即位年得爲公元前273年。佛教所傳王在位共三十七年，故又可推知其卒年得爲公元前236年）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">按：<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>古代曆法繁多，保存不完備，計算甚困難。此注及一些相關的年代推算，皆根據<span class="shuming">麥氏書</span>第二卷698—702頁所載詳細年表。<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>古曆與公曆换算有時會發生一年之差（如我國夏曆與公曆之换算亦然），有時因隔地較遠等原因還可以差得稍多一點。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#293" id="331">〔33〕</a>釋迦：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>（Sākyamuni）之簡稱，義爲“<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>族的聖人”，即指佛教創始人<span class="zhuanming">悉達多</span>·<span class="zhuanming">喬答摩</span>（Siddhārtha Gautama）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#294" id="332">〔34〕</a>三寶：佛教以佛﹑法﹑僧爲三寶。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#295" id="333">〔35〕</a>邊人：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教徒稱<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>中流一帶的中<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>爲“中國”（Madhya-desa），（見下〔烏萇國〕節注〔4〕），而以遠方之地爲“邊地”（Mleccha-desa），人爲邊人或邊地人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#296" id="334">〔36〕</a>知：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“如”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“始”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#297" id="335">〔37〕</a>漢明：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“漢明帝”。即<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>，相傳<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>曾夢見神人，或告爲即佛，因遣使者赴<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>傳寫佛經，並在<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>起立佛寺云云。見<span class="zhuanming">牟融</span><span class="shuming">理惑論</span>（載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一）等書。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#298" id="336">〔38〕</a>矣：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
瞻波大國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125035" key="1125035"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 瞻波大國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125036" key="1125036"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00123','1385140',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P123</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000101">瞻波大國</p><p> <span>順<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>東下十八由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#2012" id="2007">〔1〕</a>，其南岸<a class="zhuhao" href="#2013" id="2008">〔2〕</a>有<span class="zhuanming">瞻波大國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2014" id="2009">〔3〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>精舍﹑經行處及<a class="zhuhao" href="#2015" id="2010">〔4〕</a>四佛坐處，悉起<a class="zhuhao" href="#2016" id="2011">〔5〕</a>塔，現有僧住。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2007" id="2012">〔1〕</a>順恒水東下十八由延：“恒水”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“水”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">瞻波大國</span>之記載，此句作“（自<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>）又順<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>東行”（“東行”，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“東東行”）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2008" id="2013">〔2〕</a>其南岸：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“其地岸”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“其地坼”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“到南岸其地坼”；<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本字音</span>均有“地坼”條，注“下岸字”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“其南岸”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2009" id="2014">〔3〕</a>瞻波大國：“瞻波”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“瞻婆”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文亦作“瞻婆”（“瞻”字，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“贍”）。<span class="zhuanming">瞻波大國</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十之<span class="zhuanming">瞻波國</span>（Cam-pa）。其首都故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">比哈爾邦</span>東部<span class="zhuanming">巴格耳普爾</span>（Bhāgalpur）略西不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00124','1385140',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P124</span></i>遠處，至今尚有Champanagar之地名，即<span class="zhuanming">瞻波邑</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2010" id="2015">〔4〕</a>及：<span class="shuming">石本作</span>“乃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2011" id="2016">〔5〕</a>起：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“起起”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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多摩梨帝國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125039" key="1125039"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 多摩梨帝國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125040" key="1125040"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00124','1385141',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P124</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000103">多摩梨帝國</p><p> <span>從此東行近五十由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#2020" id="2017">〔1〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">多摩梨帝國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2021" id="2018">〔2〕</a>，即是海口。其國有二十四僧伽藍，盡有僧住，佛法亦興。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>住此二年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2022" id="2019">〔3〕</a>，寫經及畫像。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2017" id="2020">〔1〕</a>從此東行近五十由延：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">多摩梨帝國</span>之記載，此句作“（自<span class="zhuanming">瞻婆大國</span>）<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>又東”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2018" id="2021">〔2〕</a>多摩梨帝國：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“摩梨帝國”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“多摩梨帝國”，是也；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>以<span class="shuming">漢書</span>之<span class="zhuanming">梨靬</span>當此之“梨帝”，改作“多摩梨靬國”，<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>亦從之，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>並加注云：“案靬近刻訛作帝”，此又<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏從<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>而未核對<span class="shuming">大典本</span>之一例，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>且以<span class="shuming">大典本</span>之“帝”字亦作爲“近刻”之“訛”，可謂甚謬誤矣。<span class="zhuanming">多摩梨帝國</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十之<span class="zhuanming">耽摩栗底國</span>（Tāmralipti），其首都故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">西孟加拉邦加爾各答</span>西南之<span class="zhuanming">坦姆拉克</span>（Tamluk），爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>東北部之著名海口。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十云：“國濱海隅，水陸交會，奇珍異寶多聚此國，故其國人大抵殷富。”<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四云：“附舶<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，舉帆<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>，緣歷諸國，……方達<span class="zhuanming">耽摩立底國</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">東印度</span>之海口也。”皆可與<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>比看，以見此海口在古代<span class="zhuanming">中</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">印</span>海上交通史中地位之重要。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2019" id="2022">〔3〕</a>法顯住此二年：當爲<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>四年（公元408年）及五年（409年）。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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師子國概述
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125043" key="1125043"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 四　師子國記遊 &gt; 師子國概述 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039618" key="1039618"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00125','1385142',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P125</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000106">師子國概述</p><p> <span>於是載商人大舶<a class="zhuhao" href="#2044" id="2023">〔1〕</a>，汎海<a class="zhuhao" href="#2045" id="2024">〔2〕</a>西南行，得冬初信風<a class="zhuhao" href="#2046" id="2025">〔3〕</a>，晝夜十四日，到<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2047" id="2026">〔4〕</a>。彼國人云，相去可七百由延。</span> </p><p> <span>其國本在<a class="zhuhao" href="#2048" id="2027">〔5〕</a>洲上，東西五十由延，南北三十由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#2049" id="2028">〔6〕</a>。左右小洲乃有<a class="zhuhao" href="#2050" id="2029">〔7〕</a>百數，其間相去或十里﹑二十里，或二百里，皆統<a class="zhuhao" href="#2051" id="2030">〔8〕</a>屬大洲。</span> </p><p> <span>多出珍寶珠璣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2052" id="2031">〔9〕</a>。有出摩尼珠<a class="zhuhao" href="#2053" id="2032">〔10〕</a>地，方可十里。王使人守護，若有採<a class="zhuhao" href="#2054" id="2033">〔11〕</a>者，十分取三。</span> </p><p> <span>其國本無人民，正<a class="zhuhao" href="#2055" id="2034">〔12〕</a>有鬼神及龍居之。諸國商人共市易<a class="zhuhao" href="#2056" id="2035">〔13〕</a>，市易時鬼神不自現身，但出寶物<a class="zhuhao" href="#2057" id="2036">〔14〕</a>，題其價直<a class="zhuhao" href="#2058" id="2037">〔15〕</a>，商人則依價置<a class="zhuhao" href="#2059" id="2038">〔16〕</a>直取物。因商人來﹑往﹑住故<a class="zhuhao" href="#2060" id="2039">〔17〕</a>，諸國人聞其土樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#2061" id="2040">〔18〕</a>，悉亦復來，於是遂成大國。</span> </p><p> <span>其國和適<a class="zhuhao" href="#2062" id="2041">〔19〕</a>，無冬夏之異<a class="zhuhao" href="#2063" id="2042">〔20〕</a>，草木常茂<a class="zhuhao" href="#2064" id="2043">〔21〕</a>，田種隨人，無所時節。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00126','1385142',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P126</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2023" id="2044">〔1〕</a>大舶：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“大船”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“大舩”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“未舩”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2024" id="2045">〔2〕</a>海：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“海大”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2025" id="2046">〔3〕</a>冬初信風：此冬初當爲<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>五年（公元409年）之冬初。<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>東岸冬季有自東北而南之信風與海流。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2026" id="2047">〔4〕</a>師子國：即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十一之<span class="zhuanming">僧迦羅國</span>（Siṃhala），今之<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>。Siṃha義爲師子（即獅子），故Siṃhala譯稱<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>得名之由來，出自神話傳説，詳見<span class="shuming">西域記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2027" id="2048">〔5〕</a>本在：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>作“大在”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“在大”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2028" id="2049">〔6〕</a>東西五十由延南北三十由延：<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（196—197頁）云：“五十由延約當三百十哩，三十由延約當一百八十哩。然<span class="zhuanming">錫蘭島</span>東西爲一百三十七哩，南北爲二百七十一哩。故東西五十由延﹑南北三十由延云云乃將東西與南北互置，且此項數字所據者乃傳説中極大概之計算也。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2029" id="2050">〔7〕</a>乃有：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“乃”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2030" id="2051">〔8〕</a>統：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“繞”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2031" id="2052">〔9〕</a>珠璣：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“殊機”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2032" id="2053">〔10〕</a>有出摩尼珠：“有”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“又”。摩尼（Maṇi），珠之總名，佛教經籍中常用以稱一種理想中最珍貴之寶珠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2033" id="2054">〔11〕</a>採：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“米”，蓋“采”字之訛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2034" id="2055">〔12〕</a>正：<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“止”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2035" id="2056">〔13〕</a>諸國商人共市易：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“諸商人來就鬼神共市易”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2036" id="2057">〔14〕</a>寶物：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“實物”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2037" id="2058">〔15〕</a>價直：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“賈直”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2038" id="2059">〔16〕</a>價置：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“價直”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“賈雇”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“價雇”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“價置”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2039" id="2060">〔17〕</a>故：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“欲”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2040" id="2061">〔18〕</a>土樂：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“豊樂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2041" id="2062">〔19〕</a>適：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“商”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2042" id="2063">〔20〕</a>異：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“畢”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2043" id="2064">〔21〕</a>常茂：<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“當茂”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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迦尸國波羅㮏城
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125046" key="1125046"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 迦尸國波羅㮏城 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125047" key="1125047"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00114','1385136',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P114</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000093">迦尸國波羅㮏城</p><p> <span>復順<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>西行十二由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1863" id="1847">〔1〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">迦尸國波羅㮏城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1864" id="1848">〔2〕</a>。城東北十里許，得<span class="zhuanming">仙人鹿野苑精舍</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1865" id="1849">〔3〕</a>。此苑本有辟支佛住，常有野鹿栖宿<a class="zhuhao" href="#1866" id="1850">〔4〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>將<a class="zhuhao" href="#1867" id="1851">〔5〕</a>成道，諸<span class="zhuanming">天</span>於空中唱言：“<span class="zhuanming">白净王</span>子出家學道，却後七日當成佛。”辟支佛聞已，即取泥洹，故名此處爲<span class="zhuanming">仙人鹿野苑</span>。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>成道已，後人於此處起精舍。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>欲度<span class="zhuanming">拘驎</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1868" id="1852">〔6〕</a>等五人，五人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1869" id="1853">〔7〕</a>相謂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1870" id="1854">〔8〕</a>言：“此<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇沙門</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1871" id="1855">〔9〕</a>本六年苦行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1872" id="1856">〔10〕</a>，日食一麻﹑一米，尚不得道<a class="zhuhao" href="#1873" id="1857">〔11〕</a>，況入人間，恣身﹑口﹑意，何道之有！今日來者，慎勿與語。”<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>到，五人皆起作禮處。復<a class="zhuhao" href="#1874" id="1858">〔12〕</a>北行六十步，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>於此東向坐，始轉法輪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1875" id="1859">〔13〕</a>度<span class="zhuanming">拘驎</span>等五人處。其北二十步，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>受記<a class="zhuhao" href="#1876" id="1860">〔14〕</a>處。其南五十步，<span class="zhuanming">翳羅鉢龍</span>問<span class="zhuanming">佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1877" id="1861">〔15〕</a>：“我何時當得免<a class="zhuhao" href="#1878" id="1862">〔16〕</a>此龍身？”此處皆起塔，見在。中有二僧伽藍，悉有僧住。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1847" id="1863">〔1〕</a>復順恒水西行十二由延：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">迦尸國波羅㮏城</span>之記載，首句作“復順恒水西下”，“西下”應作“西行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1848" id="1864">〔2〕</a>迦尸國波羅㮏城：“迦尸國”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“迦尼園”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“尸迦國”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“迦尸國”。“㮏”字，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“㮈”，下同；<span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“奈”，<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“柰”。<span class="zhuanming">迦尸</span>（Kāsī）亦爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>流域之著名古國，其首都<span class="zhuanming">波羅㮏</span>（Vārāṇasī），<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00115','1385136',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P115</span></i>即今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>之<span class="zhuanming">貝拿勒斯</span>（Banāras）。此城位於<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>北岸，又有Varuṇā河流經城北，Asi河流經城南，合此二河之名，而得Vārāṇasī之城名。<span class="zhuanming">波羅㮏城</span>爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之一重要工商業中心，交通發達，東通<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>下游，西通<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國舍衛城</span>乃至<span class="zhuanming">竺刹尸羅國</span>等地。城東北之<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>成道後初轉法輪處，亦爲當時佛教傳布之一中心也。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七即以首都<span class="zhuanming">婆羅痆斯</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">波羅㮏</span>）之名，稱其國爲<span class="zhuanming">婆羅痆斯國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1849" id="1865">〔3〕</a>仙人鹿野苑精舍：“苑”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“菀”，下同；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>亦作“菀”。<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>在今<span class="zhuanming">貝拿勒斯城</span>北面十里許，其地今名Sārnāth，附近一帶之森林，即古<span class="zhuanming">鹿野</span>也。關於<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑精舍</span>之規模，及以下<span class="zhuanming">鹿野</span>得名之由來﹑辟支佛取泥洹﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>始轉法輪度<span class="zhuanming">拘驎</span>等五人﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>受記諸<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1850" id="1866">〔4〕</a>栖宿：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1851" id="1867">〔5〕</a>將：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“時”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1852" id="1868">〔6〕</a>拘驎：<span class="zhuanming">拘驎</span>即<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>之異譯，參看前〔伽耶城〕節注〔3〕。<span class="zhuanming">拘驎</span>等既捨<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>而至<span class="zhuanming">波羅㮏城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>成道後，仍來<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>説法度<span class="zhuanming">拘驎</span>等五人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1853" id="1869">〔7〕</a>五人：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1854" id="1870">〔8〕</a>謂：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“諸”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“語”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1855" id="1871">〔9〕</a>瞿曇沙門：<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇</span>（Gautama）亦譯<span class="zhuanming">喬答摩</span>，乃<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之姓。此<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇沙門</span>即指<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1856" id="1872">〔10〕</a>本六年苦行：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無“本”字。“苦行”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“共行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1857" id="1873">〔11〕</a>不得道：<span class="shuming">石本</span>原作“不得尊世”，但“尊世”二字又曾被互乙。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1858" id="1874">〔12〕</a>復：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“得”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1859" id="1875">〔13〕</a>始轉法輪：始轉法輪即始説教法也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1860" id="1876">〔14〕</a>佛爲彌勒受記：“受”，<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“授”。受﹑授二字可通用。<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>即<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>，見前〔陀歷國〕節注〔5〕。受記爲和伽羅那（Vyākaraṇa）之意譯，乃一種預言。此句即言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>以未來成佛應繼<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>佛位之記别，授與<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1861" id="1877">〔15〕</a>翳羅鉢龍問佛：<span class="zhuanming">翳羅鉢</span>（Elāpattra），龍名，亦作<span class="zhuanming">伊羅鉢</span>。據<span class="shuming">佛本行集經</span>卷三十八傳説，此龍前生曾手斫伊羅草，以果報而得龍身，故來問<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>何時得免；<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>勸誘其歸依三寶，受持五戒，將來至<span class="zhuanming">彌勒佛</span>世，可脱龍身而復<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00116','1385136',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P116</span></i>人身。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1862" id="1878">〔16〕</a>當得免：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“當免”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“得免”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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拘睒彌國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125050" key="1125050"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 拘睒彌國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125051" key="1125051"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00116','1385137',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P116</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000095">拘睒彌國</p><p> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑精舍</span>西北行十三由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1885" id="1879">〔1〕</a>，有國，名<span class="zhuanming">拘睒彌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1886" id="1880">〔2〕</a>。其精舍名<span class="zhuanming">瞿師羅園</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1887" id="1881">〔3〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>昔住處。今故有衆僧，多小乘學。從<a class="zhuhao" href="#1888" id="1882">〔4〕</a>東行八由延，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>本於此度惡鬼處。亦嘗<a class="zhuhao" href="#1889" id="1883">〔5〕</a>在此住，經行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1890" id="1884">〔6〕</a>﹑坐處皆起塔。亦有僧伽藍，可百餘僧。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1879" id="1885">〔1〕</a>由延：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“由旬”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1880" id="1886">〔2〕</a>拘睒彌：即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五之<span class="zhuanming">憍賞彌</span>（Kausāmbī），<span class="shuming">勞氏書</span>（100頁）引<span class="zhuanming">克寧漢</span>説，以爲其都城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">北方邦</span>南部<span class="zhuanming">阿拉哈巴德</span>（Alla-habad）西南三十哩之<span class="zhuanming">柯散</span>（Kosam），近年考古發掘其地，得有石柱銘文等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1881" id="1887">〔3〕</a>瞿師羅園：<span class="zhuanming">瞿師羅</span>（Ghosila）即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">憍賞彌國</span>下之<span class="zhuanming">具史羅長者</span>，<span class="shuming">西域記</span>載此國都城内東南隅<span class="zhuanming">具史羅長者</span>故宫中有<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>精舍，又載城東南不遠<span class="zhuanming">具史羅長者</span>舊園有故伽藍，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>於此數年説法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1882" id="1888">〔4〕</a>從：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“從此”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“從是”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1883" id="1889">〔5〕</a>嘗：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“常”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1884" id="1890">〔6〕</a>經行：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“行經”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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達嚫國
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125054" key="1125054"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 達嚫國 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125055" key="1125055"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00116','1385138',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P116</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000097">達嚫國</p><p> <span>從此南行二百由延，有國名<span class="zhuanming">達嚫</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1923" id="1891">〔1〕</a>。是過去<span class="zhuanming">伽葉佛</span>僧伽藍<a class="zhuhao" href="#1924" id="1892">〔2〕</a>，穿<a class="zhuhao" href="#1925" id="1893">〔3〕</a>大石山作之，凡有五重：最下重作<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00117','1385138',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P117</span></i>象<a class="zhuhao" href="#1926" id="1894">〔4〕</a>形，有五百間石室；第二層<a class="zhuhao" href="#1927" id="1895">〔5〕</a>作師子形，有四百間；第三層作馬形，有三百間；第四層作牛形，有二百間；第五層作鴿形，有百間。最上有泉水，循<a class="zhuhao" href="#1928" id="1896">〔6〕</a>石室前繞房而流，周圍迴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1929" id="1897">〔7〕</a>曲，如是乃至下<a class="zhuhao" href="#1930" id="1898">〔8〕</a>重，順房流，從户而出。諸層<a class="zhuhao" href="#1931" id="1899">〔9〕</a>室中處處穿石<a class="zhuhao" href="#1932" id="1900">〔10〕</a>，作䆫牖<a class="zhuhao" href="#1933" id="1901">〔11〕</a>通明。室中郎然，都無幽暗<a class="zhuhao" href="#1934" id="1902">〔12〕</a>。其室四角頭<a class="zhuhao" href="#1935" id="1903">〔13〕</a>穿石作梯<a class="zhuhao" href="#1936" id="1904">〔14〕</a>蹬<a class="zhuhao" href="#1937" id="1905">〔15〕</a>上處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1938" id="1906">〔16〕</a>。今人形小<a class="zhuhao" href="#1939" id="1907">〔17〕</a>，緣梯上，正得至昔人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1940" id="1908">〔18〕</a>一脚所<a class="zhuhao" href="#1941" id="1909">〔19〕</a>躡處。因<a class="zhuhao" href="#1942" id="1910">〔20〕</a>名此寺爲<span class="zhuanming">波羅越</span>，波羅越者，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>名鴿也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1943" id="1911">〔21〕</a>。其寺中常有羅漢住。此土丘荒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1944" id="1912">〔22〕</a>，無<a class="zhuhao" href="#1945" id="1913">〔23〕</a>人民居。去山極遠方有村。皆是邪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1946" id="1914">〔24〕</a>見，不識佛法﹑沙門﹑婆羅門及諸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1947" id="1915">〔25〕</a>異學。彼國人民常見人飛來<a class="zhuhao" href="#1948" id="1916">〔26〕</a>入此寺。于時諸國道人欲來禮此寺者，彼村人則言：“汝何以不飛耶？我見此間道人皆飛。”道人方便答言：“翅未成耳。”</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">達嚫國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1949" id="1917">〔27〕</a>幽嶮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1950" id="1918">〔28〕</a>，道路<a class="zhuhao" href="#1951" id="1919">〔29〕</a>艱難<a class="zhuhao" href="#1952" id="1920">〔30〕</a>，而<a class="zhuhao" href="#1953" id="1921">〔31〕</a>知處。欲往者，要當賷錢貨施彼國王，王然後遣人送，展轉相付，示其逕路<a class="zhuhao" href="#1954" id="1922">〔32〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>竟不得往，承彼土人言，故説之耳。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1891" id="1923">〔1〕</a>達嚫：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“達親”。<span class="zhuanming">達嚫</span>（Dakṣiṇa）蓋即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十之<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>（Kosala），亦即<span class="shuming">大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>卷四之<span class="zhuanming">南憍薩羅國</span>。蓋古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>北方有一以<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>爲首都之<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>（<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>上文譯作<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span>），故名此一南方之<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">達嚫—憍薩羅</span>（Dakṣiṇa-Kosala），“達嚫”之義<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00118','1385138',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P118</span></i>爲“南”，<span class="zhuanming">達嚫</span>—<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅</span>即<span class="zhuanming">南憍薩羅</span>，亦即<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>此處簡稱之<span class="zhuanming">達嚫</span>。此國疆土，相當今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>中部<span class="zhuanming">馬哈納迪</span>（Mahanadi）河系及<span class="zhuanming">哥達瓦里</span>（Godavàri）河系上游一帶。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1892" id="1924">〔2〕</a>是過去伽葉佛僧伽藍：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十云<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>（<span class="zhuanming">南憍薩羅</span>）西南三百餘里有<span class="zhuanming">跋邏末羅耆釐山</span>（Bhrāmara-giri），山中有此國國王爲<span class="zhuanming">龍猛菩薩</span>（Nāgārjuna）所建之伽藍，似即<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此處所述之僧伽藍。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1893" id="1925">〔3〕</a>穿：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>（<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>引）作“䆤”。穿，䆤字同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1894" id="1926">〔4〕</a>象：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“󵶇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1895" id="1927">〔5〕</a>層：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“曾”。下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1896" id="1928">〔6〕</a>循：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“修”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“脩”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1897" id="1929">〔7〕</a>迴：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1898" id="1930">〔8〕</a>下：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“千”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1899" id="1931">〔9〕</a>層：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“曾”；<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“僧”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1900" id="1932">〔10〕</a>石：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>作“一石”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1901" id="1933">〔11〕</a>䆫牖：“䆫，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“窓”。“牖”，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“󵶎”，蓋訛；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“牖”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1902" id="1934">〔12〕</a>暗：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“闇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1903" id="1935">〔13〕</a>頭：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1904" id="1936">〔14〕</a>梯：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𨁃”。下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1905" id="1937">〔15〕</a>蹬：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“隥”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“磴”；<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“隥”，並云“<span class="shuming">（法顯）傳</span>作蹬，俗用字”，則<span class="shuming">音義</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本亦作“蹬”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1906" id="1938">〔16〕</a>上處：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“上下處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1907" id="1939">〔17〕</a>小：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“短小”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1908" id="1940">〔18〕</a>人：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1909" id="1941">〔19〕</a>所：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1910" id="1942">〔20〕</a>因：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“耳”。此“耳”字蓋連上句讀。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1911" id="1943">〔21〕</a>波羅越者天竺名鴿也：“波羅越”，<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>不重出此三字。梵文名鴿曰Pārāvata，波羅越蓋其音譯。按：（1）<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷十之<span class="zhuanming">跋邏末羅耆釐山</span>（義爲<span class="zhuanming">黑蜂山</span>）之梵文爲Bhrāmara-giri，giri之意爲“山”，Bhrāmara之意爲“黑蜂”。而Bhrāmara與Pārā-vata音近易混。（2）又此伽<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00119','1385138',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P119</span></i>藍建於大石山上，梵文稱山曰Parvata，而Parvata與Pārāvata亦音近易混。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此節關於此<span class="zhuanming">波羅越寺</span>之記載，乃得之傳聞，而未親至目睹，彼所聞之寺名，可能爲Bhrāmara（<span class="zhuanming">跋邏末羅寺</span>）或Parvata（<span class="zhuanming">山寺</span>），而誤聽作Pārāvata，因遂訛作<span class="zhuanming">鴿寺</span>也。又按：<span class="shuming">慧超往五天竺國傳</span><span class="zhuanming">南天竺國</span>下云：“……於彼山中，有一大寺，是<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>便（使）夜叉神造，非人所作，竝鑿山爲柱，三重作樓，四面方圓三百餘步，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>在日，寺有三千僧，獨供養以十五石米，每日供三千僧，其米不竭，取却還生，元不減少，然今此寺廢，無僧也。”此<span class="shuming">慧超傳</span>所云山中大寺與<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">跋邏末羅耆釐伽藍</span>，及<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>所謂<span class="zhuanming">鴿寺</span>，蓋均爲同一之僧伽藍。<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧超</span>均傳此寺乃屬<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">龍猛</span>），<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>獨云“是過去<span class="zhuanming">伽葉佛</span>僧伽藍”者，恐亦誤傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1912" id="1944">〔22〕</a>此土丘荒“此土”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“彼土”。“丘荒”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“坵荒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1913" id="1945">〔23〕</a>無：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“天”，乃“无”字之訛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1914" id="1946">〔24〕</a>邪：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“耶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1915" id="1947">〔25〕</a>及諸：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“乃諸”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1916" id="1948">〔26〕</a>人飛來：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“飛人來”。“飛”字，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵶏”下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1917" id="1949">〔27〕</a>達嚫國：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>作“達親國”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“達龍國”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>等各本皆作“達嚫國”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1918" id="1950">〔28〕</a>幽嶮：“幽”，<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>無此字；“嶮”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“冷”；<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“險”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1919" id="1951">〔29〕</a>路：<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1920" id="1952">〔30〕</a>艱難：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“難艱”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1921" id="1953">〔31〕</a>而：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金本（記引）</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“難”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1922" id="1954">〔32〕</a>示其逕路：“示”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𡖋”。“逕”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𨒬”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“送”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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還巴連弗邑寫律
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125057" key="1125057"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 還巴連弗邑寫律 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125058" key="1125058"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00119','1385139',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P119</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000099">還巴連弗邑寫律</p><p> <span>從<a class="zhuhao" href="#1981" id="1955">〔1〕</a><span class="zhuanming">波羅㮏國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1982" id="1956">〔2〕</a>東行，還到<span class="zhuanming">巴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1983" id="1957">〔3〕</a>連弗邑</span>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>本<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00120','1385139',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P120</span></i>求戒律，而<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>諸國皆師師<a class="zhuhao" href="#1984" id="1958">〔4〕</a>口傳，無本可寫，是以遠步<a class="zhuhao" href="#1985" id="1959">〔5〕</a>，乃至<a class="zhuhao" href="#1986" id="1960">〔6〕</a><span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>。於此<span class="zhuanming">摩訶衍僧伽藍</span>得一部律<a class="zhuhao" href="#1987" id="1961">〔7〕</a>，是<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇衆律</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1988" id="1962">〔8〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在世時<a class="zhuhao" href="#1989" id="1963">〔9〕</a>最初大衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#1990" id="1964">〔10〕</a>所行也，於<span class="zhuanming">祇洹精舍</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1991" id="1965">〔11〕</a>傳其本<a class="zhuhao" href="#1992" id="1966">〔12〕</a>。自餘十八部<a class="zhuhao" href="#1993" id="1967">〔13〕</a>各有師資，大歸不異，於<a class="zhuhao" href="#1994" id="1968">〔14〕</a>小小不同，或用開塞<a class="zhuhao" href="#1995" id="1969">〔15〕</a>。但此最是廣説備悉者。復得一部抄律<a class="zhuhao" href="#1996" id="1970">〔16〕</a>，可七千偈，是<span class="shuming">薩婆多衆律</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1997" id="1971">〔17〕</a>，即此<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>地衆僧所行者也。亦皆師師口相傳授，不書之於文字。復於此衆中得<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1998" id="1972">〔18〕</a>，可六千偈。又得一部<span class="shuming">綖經</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1999" id="1973">〔19〕</a>，二千五百偈。又得一部<a class="zhuhao" href="#2000" id="1974">〔20〕</a><span class="shuming">方等般泥洹經</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2001" id="1975">〔21〕</a>，可五千偈。又得<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇阿毗曇</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2002" id="1976">〔22〕</a>。故<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>住此三年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2003" id="1977">〔23〕</a>，學梵書﹑梵語<a class="zhuhao" href="#2004" id="1978">〔24〕</a>，寫律。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">道整</span>既到<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，見沙門法則，衆僧威儀，觸事可觀，乃追歎<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>土邊地，衆僧戒律殘缺。誓言：“自今已去至得佛，願不生邊地。”故遂停不歸。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>本心欲令<a class="zhuhao" href="#2005" id="1979">〔25〕</a>戒律流通<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地，於是獨還<a class="zhuhao" href="#2006" id="1980">〔26〕</a>。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1955" id="1981">〔1〕</a>從：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“從彼”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1956" id="1982">〔2〕</a>波羅㮏國：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“彼羅㮏國”；“㮏”，<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“㮈”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1957" id="1983">〔3〕</a>巴：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“已”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1958" id="1984">〔4〕</a>師師：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“師”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1959" id="1985">〔5〕</a>步：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“涉”；<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷三<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律記</span>引文亦作“涉”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1960" id="1986">〔6〕</a>乃至：自以上“北天竺”之“竺”字，至此“至”字，共十八字，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>脱寫。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00121','1385139',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P121</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1961" id="1987">〔7〕</a>於此摩訶衍僧伽藍得一部律：<span class="zhuanming">摩訶衍僧伽藍</span>已見前〔摩竭提國巴連弗邑〕節注〔28〕。今傳本<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>共<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋陀羅</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>）所譯<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律私記</span>則稱“於<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國巴連弗邑阿育王塔</span>南<span class="zhuanming">天王精舍</span>寫得（此律）梵本”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1962" id="1988">〔8〕</a>摩訶僧祇衆律：摩訶僧祇（Mahāsāṅghika）之意爲“大衆”，“衆”之意爲“部”，<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇衆律</span>猶言“大衆部律”，即今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中之<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>四十卷，<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>歸國後與<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋陀羅</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>）共譯。<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>四十卷，已入律録。”同書卷三<span class="shuming">婆麤富羅律</span>條亦記此律譯記。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1963" id="1989">〔9〕</a>世時：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“世尊”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1964" id="1990">〔10〕</a>大衆：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“天衆”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1965" id="1991">〔11〕</a>祇洹精舍：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“祇洹舍”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1966" id="1992">〔12〕</a>其本：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">資本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>作“具本”；<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“其本”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1967" id="1993">〔13〕</a>十八部：即<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>滅後數百年間佛教分裂而成之部派也。關於此等部派，諸傳説不盡相同。普通常被引用者有<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>所譯<span class="shuming">異部宗輪論</span>，謂佛教首先分裂者爲大衆部（Mahāsāṅ-ghika）與上座部（Sthavira），其後由大衆部又先後分出八部：（1）一説部（Ekavyāvahārika），（2）説出世部（Lokottaravādina），（3）雞胤部（Kaukkuṭika），（4）多聞部（Bahusrutīya），（5）説假部（Prajñaptivādina），（6）制多山部（Caityasaila），（7）西山住部（AParasaila），（8）北山住部（Uttarasaila）；由上座部（即雪山部Haimavata）又先後分出十部：（1）説一切有部（Sarvāstivāda，亦名説因部Hetuvāda），（2）犢子部（Vātsīputrīya），（3）法上部（Dharmottarīya），（4）賢胄部（Bhadrayānīya），（5）正量部（Sammatīya），（6）密林山部（Ṣaṇṇagarika），（7）化地部（Mahīsāsaka），（8）法藏部（Dharmagupta），（9）飲光部（Kasyapīya。亦名善歲部Suvarsaka），（10）經量部（Sautrāntika，亦名説轉部Saṃkrāntivādina）。以上大衆部﹑上座部爲本部，所分出之諸部爲十八部，合大衆﹑上座兩本部亦稱二十部。但據<span class="shuming">錫蘭</span>所傳，如<span class="shuming">島史</span>（Dīpavaṃsa）之所載，則分别從大衆部﹑上座部分出者爲十六部，合大衆﹑上座兩本部爲十八部。又據<span class="zhuanming">義淨</span><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷一云：“諸部流派，生起不同，西國相承，大綱唯四：一﹑……聖大衆部，分出七部；……二﹑……聖上座部，分出三部；……三﹑……聖根本説一切有部，分出四部；……四﹑……聖正量部，分出四部，……然而部執所傳，多有同異，且<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00122','1385139',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P122</span></i>依現事，言其十八。”此又一種十八部派演變之記述也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1968" id="1994">〔14〕</a>於：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“然”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1969" id="1995">〔15〕</a>開塞：開﹑塞，猶言寬﹑嚴也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1970" id="1996">〔16〕</a>抄律：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“律抄”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1971" id="1997">〔17〕</a>薩婆多衆律：薩婆多衆（Sarvāstivāda）即説一切有部，<span class="shuming">薩婆多衆律</span>即<span class="shuming">説一切有部律</span>也。<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">薩婆多律抄</span>，梵文，未譯。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1972" id="1998">〔18〕</a>雜阿毗曇心：阿毗曇即阿毗達磨，佛典中之論述也。對於論述加以注釋者曰毗婆沙（Vibhāṣa），意即廣説或廣釋。佛教論藏中有一部著名之<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨發智論</span>，亦名<span class="shuming">説一切有部發智論</span>，廣釋此<span class="shuming">發智論</span>者有<span class="shuming">阿毗曇毗婆沙論</span>，嫌<span class="shuming">婆沙論</span>太博而略撰要義者，曰<span class="shuming">阿毗曇心論</span>（<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>卷十三云“或無‘論’字”），增釋<span class="shuming">阿毗曇心論</span>者曰<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心論</span>，即此<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>是也。<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷七謂<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>歸後曾共<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>譯此，是第二出。然<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>十三卷，今闕。”<span class="shuming">開元録</span>卷十五亦將<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>共譯之<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心</span>十三卷收入小乘論闕本。今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中所收此論十一卷，已是<span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span><span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋摩</span>等譯本矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1973" id="1999">〔19〕</a>綖經：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“經”。佛經通稱曰素呾纜（Sūtra），亦譯稱線經，或譯稱綖經。綖與線同字，其意蓋謂如以綖（線）貫花，使法義不散也。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所得此綖經，似爲一專著，<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下著録云：“<span class="shuming">綖經</span>，梵文，未譯出。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1974" id="2000">〔20〕</a>一部：今所見各本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>皆作“一卷”；<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷三<span class="shuming">彌沙塞律記</span>引文作“一部”，今據改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1975" id="2001">〔21〕</a>方等般泥洹經：即今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中之<span class="shuming">佛説大般泥洹經</span>六卷也。今通行本但題<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>譯，據<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷八所收<span class="shuming">六卷泥洹出經後記</span>，乃“<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十三年（公元417年）十月一日，於<span class="zhuanming">謝</span>司空<span class="zhuanming">石</span>所立<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>，出此<span class="shuming">方等大般泥洹經</span>，至十四年（公元418年）正月二日，校定盡訖，禪師<span class="zhuanming">佛大跋陀</span>（亦即<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>）手執梵本，<span class="zhuanming">寶雲</span>傳譯。”<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>名下亦著録云：“<span class="shuming">大般泥洹經</span>六卷，<span class="zhuanming">晉義熙</span>十三年……<span class="zhuanming">道場寺</span>譯。”又今<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>中尚收有另一種<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>，三卷，題作<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>譯。<span class="shuming">開元録</span>卷三注云：“<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>，三卷，或二卷，是<span class="shuming">長阿含</span>初分<span class="shuming">遊行經</span>異譯，羣録並云<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>出<span class="shuming">方等泥洹</span>者非，即前<span class="shuming">大泥洹經</span>（按：即前述<span class="shuming">六卷泥洹</span>）加‘方等’字，此小乘涅槃，文似<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>譯，故以此替<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00123','1385139',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P123</span></i>之。”推<span class="shuming">開元録</span>之解釋，以爲此三卷小乘<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>，不過文似<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>譯，遂以歸之耳。故學者間多不信其果爲<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>所譯也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1976" id="2002">〔22〕</a>摩訶僧祇阿毗曇：阿毗曇（阿毗達磨）即佛典中之論述，<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇阿毗曇</span>乃大衆部所傳之阿毗曇。我國現存諸經録中，此論未見著録。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1977" id="2003">〔23〕</a>故法顯住此三年：“故”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>前文之記夏坐，止於西行後第六年即公元404年在<span class="zhuanming">僧伽施國龍精舍</span>之夏坐。依<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（192頁）之解釋，“故<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>住此三年”句，可推算作<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>西行後之第七年﹑第八年﹑第九年，即<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>元年（公元405年）﹑二年（公元406年）﹑三年（公元407年）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1978" id="2004">〔24〕</a>學梵書梵語：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“學故書胡語”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“覺故書胡語”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1979" id="2005">〔25〕</a>令：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“今”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1980" id="2006">〔26〕</a>還：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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西行之始
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv202130" key="202130"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 一　自發跡長安至度葱嶺 &gt; 西行之始 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1039570" key="1039570"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00002','1385099',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000017">西行之始</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>昔在<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#9" id="3">〔1〕</a>，慨律藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#10" id="4">〔2〕</a>殘缺<a class="zhuhao" href="#11" id="5">〔3〕</a>，於是遂以<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>元年歲在己亥<a class="zhuhao" href="#12" id="6">〔4〕</a>，與<span class="zhuanming">慧景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道整</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#13" id="7">〔5〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧應</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嵬</span>等同契，至<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#14" id="8">〔6〕</a>尋求戒律。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3" id="9">〔1〕</a>長安：即<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>所都<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>城，故址在今<span class="zhuanming">陝西</span><span class="zhuanming">西安市</span>西北。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>中的<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>亦都於此，其統治者<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>皆崇奉佛教，著名的佛教徒<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>等先後至此，爲當時佛教傳譯的要地。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>之自<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>啓行赴<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，正<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>在位時。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4" id="10">〔2〕</a>律藏：佛教經典的一部分稱爲“律”（戒律也，即毗奈耶藏Vinaya-piṭaka），與“經”（經訓也，即素呾纜藏Sūtra-piṭaka）﹑“論”（論釋也，即阿毗達磨藏Abhidharma-piṭaka）合稱“三藏”（Tripiṭaka）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#5" id="11">〔3〕</a>缺：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𡙇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#6" id="12">〔4〕</a>弘始元年歲在己亥：“弘始元年”，今傳世各本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>皆作“弘始二年”。按：<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>年號，其元年當<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年，二年當<span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>四年。據<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>卷十五﹑<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三﹑<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷七﹑<span class="shuming">大唐内典録</span>卷三﹑<span class="shuming">古今譯經圖紀</span>卷二﹑<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>卷三等，皆謂<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>以<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年自<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>西行，<span class="zhuanming">隆安</span>三年當公元399年，正爲己亥歲，故此處“弘始二年”當爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00003','1385099',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i>“弘始元年”之誤，今改正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#7" id="13">〔5〕</a>整：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“󵵽”，後同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#8" id="14">〔6〕</a>天竺：我國古代稱<span class="zhuanming">印度半</span>島爲<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，始見<span class="shuming">後漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>。故<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>一名<span class="shuming">歷遊天竺記傳</span>。按：<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">西域傳</span>已稱<span class="zhuanming">印度半島</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">天篤</span>，篤﹑竺二字音同。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">大宛列傳</span>及<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">張騫傳</span>又作<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>。India（<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>）一名源出Sindhu（即今<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>Indus之梵文古稱），<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天篤</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>蓋皆爲Sindhu之對音。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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王舍新城　䓑沙王舊城
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125061" key="1125061"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 王舍新城　䓑沙王舊城 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125062" key="1125062"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00095','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P95</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000085">王舍新城　䓑沙王舊城</p><p> <span>從此西行一由延，到<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1569" id="1507">〔1〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">新城</span>者，是<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>所造<a class="zhuhao" href="#1570" id="1508">〔2〕</a>，中有二僧伽藍。出城西門三百步，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>得<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>一分舍利<span class="zhuanming">起</span>塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1571" id="1509">〔3〕</a>，高大嚴麗<a class="zhuhao" href="#1572" id="1510">〔4〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00096','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P96</span></i><p> <span>出城南四里，南向入谷，至五山<a class="zhuhao" href="#1573" id="1511">〔5〕</a>裏。五山周圍，狀若城郭，即是<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1574" id="1512">〔6〕</a>。城東西可五六里，南北七八里。<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>初見<span class="zhuanming">頞鞞</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1575" id="1513">〔7〕</a>處，尼犍子<a class="zhuhao" href="#1576" id="1514">〔8〕</a>作火坑﹑毒飯請<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1577" id="1515">〔9〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>酒飲黑象<a class="zhuhao" href="#1578" id="1516">〔10〕</a>欲害<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>處，城東北角曲中，<span class="zhuanming">耆舊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1579" id="1517">〔11〕</a>於菴婆羅園<a class="zhuhao" href="#1580" id="1518">〔12〕</a>中起精舍請<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>及千二百五十弟子供養處，今故在。其城中空荒，無人住<a class="zhuhao" href="#1581" id="1519">〔13〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>入谷，搏山<a class="zhuhao" href="#1582" id="1520">〔14〕</a>東南上十五里，到<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1583" id="1521">〔15〕</a>。未至頭<a class="zhuhao" href="#1584" id="1522">〔16〕</a>三里，有石窟南向，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>本於此坐禪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1585" id="1523">〔17〕</a>。西北三十<a class="zhuhao" href="#1586" id="1524">〔18〕</a>步，復有一石窟<a class="zhuhao" href="#1587" id="1525">〔19〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>於中坐禪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1588" id="1526">〔20〕</a>，天魔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1589" id="1527">〔21〕</a><span class="zhuanming">波旬</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1590" id="1528">〔22〕</a>化作鵰鷲，住窟前恐<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>以神足力<a class="zhuhao" href="#1591" id="1529">〔23〕</a>隔石舒手<a class="zhuhao" href="#1592" id="1530">〔24〕</a>摩<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>肩，怖即得止<a class="zhuhao" href="#1593" id="1531">〔25〕</a>。鳥跡﹑手孔<a class="zhuhao" href="#1594" id="1532">〔26〕</a>今悉存<a class="zhuhao" href="#1595" id="1533">〔27〕</a>，故曰<span class="zhuanming">鵰</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1596" id="1534">〔28〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鷲窟山</span>。窟前有四佛坐處。又諸羅漢各各<a class="zhuhao" href="#1597" id="1535">〔29〕</a>有石窟坐禪處，動有數百。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在石室前，東西經行。<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>於山北嶮巇<a class="zhuhao" href="#1598" id="1536">〔30〕</a>間横擲石傷<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>足指處，石猶在。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>説法堂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1599" id="1537">〔31〕</a>已毁壞，止<a class="zhuhao" href="#1600" id="1538">〔32〕</a>有塼壁基在<a class="zhuhao" href="#1601" id="1539">〔33〕</a>。其山<a class="zhuhao" href="#1602" id="1540">〔34〕</a>峯秀端嚴，是五山中最高<a class="zhuhao" href="#1603" id="1541">〔35〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">新城</span>中買香﹑華﹑油﹑燈，倩<a class="zhuhao" href="#1604" id="1542">〔36〕</a>二舊比丘送<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1605" id="1543">〔37〕</a><span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>。華﹑香供養<a class="zhuhao" href="#1606" id="1544">〔38〕</a>，然燈續明。慨然悲傷，收淚而言：“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>昔於此住<a class="zhuhao" href="#1607" id="1545">〔39〕</a>，説<span class="shuming">首楞嚴</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1608" id="1546">〔40〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>生不值<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，但見遺跡處所而已。”即於石窟前誦<span class="shuming">首楞嚴</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1609" id="1547">〔41〕</a>。停止一宿，還向<span class="zhuanming">新城</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>出<span class="zhuanming">舊城</span>北行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1610" id="1548">〔42〕</a>三百餘步，道西，<span class="zhuanming">迦蘭陀竹園</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1611" id="1549">〔43〕</a>精<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00097','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P97</span></i>舍今現在，衆僧掃灑。精舍北二三里有尸摩賒那<a class="zhuhao" href="#1612" id="1550">〔44〕</a>。尸摩賒那者，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>言棄<a class="zhuhao" href="#1613" id="1551">〔45〕</a>死人墓田。搏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1614" id="1552">〔46〕</a>南山西行三百步，有一石室，名<span class="zhuanming">賓波羅窟</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1615" id="1553">〔47〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>食後常於此坐禪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1616" id="1554">〔48〕</a>。又西行五六里，山北陰中有一<a class="zhuhao" href="#1617" id="1555">〔49〕</a>石室，名<span class="zhuanming">車帝</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1618" id="1556">〔50〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹後，五百阿羅漢結集經處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1619" id="1557">〔51〕</a>。出經時，鋪三空座<a class="zhuhao" href="#1620" id="1558">〔52〕</a>，莊嚴校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1621" id="1559">〔53〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>在左，<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>在右。五百數中少一阿羅漢。<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>爲上座。時<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>在門外不得入<a class="zhuhao" href="#1622" id="1560">〔54〕</a>。其處起塔，今亦在。搏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1623" id="1561">〔55〕</a>山亦有諸羅漢坐禪石窟甚多。</span> </p><p> <span>出<span class="zhuanming">舊城</span>北，東下三里，有<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>石窟。離此五十步，有大方黑石。昔有比丘在上經行，思惟是身無常﹑苦﹑空，得不净觀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1624" id="1562">〔56〕</a>，猒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1625" id="1563">〔57〕</a>患是身，即捉刀欲自殺。復念<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>制戒，不得自殺。又念雖爾，我今但欲殺三毒賊<a class="zhuhao" href="#1626" id="1564">〔58〕</a>。便以刀自刎。始傷，再<a class="zhuhao" href="#1627" id="1565">〔59〕</a>得須陀洹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1628" id="1566">〔60〕</a>，既半得阿那含<a class="zhuhao" href="#1629" id="1567">〔61〕</a>，斷已成阿羅漢<a class="zhuhao" href="#1630" id="1568">〔62〕</a>果，般泥洹。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1507" id="1569">〔1〕</a>從此西行一由延到王舍新城：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>於叙述小孤石山後引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>一帶地方之記載，將此首句改寫成：“恒水又西逕王舍新城”（<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>“恒”字誤作“洹”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注云“疑當作恒”）。按：<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>東流，無西流者。<span class="zhuanming">楊守敬</span>注以爲：“<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏正因<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>言西行，即以爲<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>西逕，其致誤之由，蓋未見<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>圖，而但據書爲説也。”<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">曷羅闍姞利呬城</span>（Rājagṛiha），即<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，加“新”字所以别於下述<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span>。據<span class="shuming">西域記</span>，此新城在<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王</span>時即已奠基，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>時乃增築並遷都耳。此城故址在今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>東北部<span class="zhuanming">比哈爾城</span>（Bihar）西<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00098','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P98</span></i>南約十五哩之<span class="zhuanming">臘季吉爾</span>（Rājgir）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1508" id="1570">〔2〕</a>所造：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“造”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1509" id="1571">〔3〕</a>得佛一分舍利起塔：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九亦載此塔，但謂其位置在<span class="zhuanming">迦蘭陀竹園</span>東，此園則在<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span>北一里餘。<span class="zhuanming">迦蘭陀竹園</span>見下注〔43〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1510" id="1572">〔4〕</a>嚴麗：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“藏麗”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1511" id="1573">〔5〕</a>五山：五山謂<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span>附近諸山也。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九亦言此城“崇山四周，以爲外郭”。據<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷三（<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本，曾以<span class="shuming">毗盧大藏</span>本校字）云：“（<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>）多住<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，……以坐禪精舍多故，餘處無有。如<span class="zhuanming">竹園</span>（Ve-ṇuvana）﹑<span class="zhuanming">鞞婆</span><span class="zhuanming">羅跋恕</span>（Vaibhāravana）﹑<span class="zhuanming">薩多般那求呵</span>（Saptaparṇaguhā）﹑<span class="zhuanming">因陀世羅求呵</span>（Indrasailaguhā）﹑<span class="zhuanming">薩簸恕魂直迦鉢婆羅</span>（Sarpiṣkuṇḍikapavara）﹑<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛</span>（Gṛidhrakūṭa），五山中有五精舍，<span class="zhuanming">竹園</span>在平地，餘國無此多精舍。”據<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（151—152頁），<span class="zhuanming">鞞婆羅跋恕</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">毗布羅山</span>，今爲Vaibhāragiri，在<span class="zhuanming">王舍舊城</span>西北；<span class="zhuanming">薩多般那求呵</span>即著名之<span class="zhuanming">七葉窟山</span>，今爲Son-agiri，在<span class="zhuanming">舊城</span>西南<span class="zhuanming">南山</span>之陰；<span class="zhuanming">因陀世羅求呵</span>即前文小孤石山（<span class="zhuanming">帝釋窟</span>），今爲<span class="zhuanming">Sailagiri山</span>東端之孤峯Giryek，在<span class="zhuanming">舊城</span>東方；<span class="zhuanming">薩簸恕魂直迦鉢婆羅</span>今爲Viplagiri，在<span class="zhuanming">舊城</span>東北；<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>之<span class="zhuanming">姞栗陀羅矩吒山</span>（<span class="zhuanming">鷲峯山</span>），今爲Chatagiri（或Vulturepeak），在<span class="zhuanming">舊城</span>略東偏北。又據<span class="shuming">皮氏書</span>（112頁）注〔1〕云：在古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>大史詩<span class="shuming">摩訶婆羅多</span>（Mahābhārata）中，此五山的名稱是：Vaihârā，Varâha，Vrishabha，Rishigiri，及Ghaityaka，今名爲Baibhrâ—giri，Vipula—giri，Ratna—giri，Udaya—giri，及Sona—giri。又據<span class="shuming">勞氏書</span>（44頁）載，此環繞<span class="zhuanming">王舍舊城</span>的五山名稱是：Isigiri，Vepulla（Vaṅkaka and Supana），Vebhāra，Paṇḍava，及Gijjhakūṭa。附録於此備覽。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1512" id="1574">〔6〕</a>䓑沙王舊城：“䓑”字，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“洴”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“萍”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“萍”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“䓑”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“瓶”，並注云“按瓶沙疑即蓱沙”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“蓱”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注云“案瓶沙﹑蓱沙互相通用”。此亦可見<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏本從<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>而非出自<span class="shuming">大典本</span>。<span class="zhuanming">蓱沙王</span>（Bimbisāra）即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">頻毘娑羅王</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>王，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>之父，其在位年約爲公元前544—493年，參見前〔陀歷國〕節注〔32〕。<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span>，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">矩奢揭羅補羅城</span>（Kusāgrapura），亦作<span class="zhuanming">上茅宫城</span>，蓋其地“多出勝上吉祥香茅，以故謂之<span class="zhuanming">上茅城</span>也”。附近多山，故又名<span class="zhuanming">山城</span>（Girivraja）。此城爲<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>古都，巴利文經籍中亦稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00099','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P99</span></i>（Rājagaha，Rājagṛiha），或稱<span class="zhuanming">王舍舊城</span>以别於<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>所遷都之<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">王舍舊城</span>與<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>東北部之交通及文化中心，經濟發達，商業繁盛。<span class="zhuanming">舊城</span>位置，在<span class="zhuanming">新城</span>以南，<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>及<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>所載甚詳，可以考見。此下關於<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>初見<span class="zhuanming">頞鞞</span>﹑火坑﹑毒飯﹑醉象害<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">耆舊</span>起精舍奉<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>等佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1513" id="1575">〔7〕</a>頞鞞：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“頗鞞”。<span class="zhuanming">頞鞞</span>（Asvajit）即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">阿溼婆恃</span>（<span class="zhuanming">馬勝</span>）。佛教相傳，<span class="zhuanming">阿溼婆恃</span>先師事<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>於<span class="zhuanming">王舍舊城</span>見之，聞其説法而開悟，又告之<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>，亦開悟共得道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1514" id="1576">〔8〕</a>尼犍子：“犍”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“健”。尼犍子（Nirgrantha）即<span class="zhuanming">尼乾子</span>（詳見〔拘薩羅國舍衛城〕節注〔42〕）派之露形外道。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九載此欲以火坑﹑毒飯害<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之尼犍子名<span class="zhuanming">室利毱多</span>（Srīgupta），後仍受<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>感化，謝咎歸依。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1515" id="1577">〔9〕</a>請佛處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“請處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1516" id="1578">〔10〕</a>酒飲黑象：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“須飲里”三字。<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>“象”作“󵶇”。佛教神話傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>曾與<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>相親，放醉象欲害<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，但爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>所馴伏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1517" id="1579">〔11〕</a>耆舊：<span class="zhuanming">耆舊</span>即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">時縛迦</span>（Jīvaka），亦作<span class="zhuanming">耆婆伽</span>，乃當時<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>王族之庶子，爲著名醫師。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1518" id="1580">〔12〕</a>菴婆羅園：“園”字，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“國”。菴婆羅（Āmra），即杧果（Man-gifera Indica）。<span class="zhuanming">玄應</span><span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷八：“菴羅，或言菴婆羅，果名也。案此果花多，而結子甚少，其葉似柳而長一尺餘，廣三指許，果形似梨，而底鈎曲。彼國名爲王樹，謂在王城種之也。……舊譯云柰，應誤也。”<span class="shuming">增壹阿含經</span>卷三十九即稱此園爲<span class="zhuanming">耆婆伽梨園</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1519" id="1581">〔13〕</a>其城中空荒無人住：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“其城空荒又無人徑”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1520" id="1582">〔14〕</a>搏山：“搏”字，<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>及<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>作“摶”，<span class="shuming">圓本字音</span>注“音團”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“轉”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“搏”，<span class="shuming">磧本字音</span>注“補莫反，附近也”；<span class="shuming">音義</span>亦作“搏”，注“奔莫反”，蓋所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本作“搏”也，今據改。又此字在<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文中，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“愽”；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“博”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“搏”；<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“摶”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>始作“傅”，<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>氏<span class="shuming">刊誤</span>云“摶當作傅”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>皆作“傅”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案傅近刻訛作搏”。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00100','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P100</span></i>此亦<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏從<span class="zhuanming">全</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>而不出<span class="shuming">大典本</span>之一例。如<span class="shuming">殿本</span>案語以“搏”爲訛，又蹈以不訛爲訛之覆轍，蓋搏﹑傅古音同義通，且依<span class="shuming">音義</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此字本作“搏”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1521" id="1583">〔15〕</a>耆闍崛山：已見前〔摩竭提國巴連弗邑〕節注〔6〕。自“耆”字以下，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>基本不殘缺。此下關於<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>坐禪石窟﹑魔化鵰鷲怖<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>﹑諸羅漢石窟﹑<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>擲石﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>説法堂等神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1522" id="1584">〔16〕</a>頭：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“頂”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1523" id="1585">〔17〕</a>佛本於此坐禪：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“佛坐禪處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1524" id="1586">〔18〕</a>三十：“三”字，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“四”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案四近刻作三”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“三”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注“一作四”，<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注“<span class="zhuanming">會貞</span>按：<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>作三”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1525" id="1587">〔19〕</a>石窟：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“名窟”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1526" id="1588">〔20〕</a>阿難於中坐禪：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“阿難坐禪處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1527" id="1589">〔21〕</a>天魔：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>皆作“天魔”；獨<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“夭魔”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案夭妖通，近刻訛作天”。然據<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span><span class="shuming">聚珍本戴校水經注跋</span>（載<span class="shuming">觀堂集林</span>卷十二），則<span class="shuming">大典本</span>此字本作“天”，乃<span class="zhuanming">戴東原</span>私改作“夭”，其言曰：“天魔<span class="zhuanming">波旬</span>，<span class="shuming">大典</span>與諸本同，（<span class="zhuanming">東原</span>）乃改天字首筆作夭，以實其校語中夭妖字通之説。”<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注：“<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>以天爲訛改作夭，云夭妖通。<span class="zhuanming">會貞</span>按：<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>説大誤。諸經皆作天魔，無作夭魔者。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1528" id="1590">〔22〕</a>波旬：波旬（Pisuna），天魔名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1529" id="1591">〔23〕</a>神足力：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“禪足力”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“神力”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1530" id="1592">〔24〕</a>舒手：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>無此二字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1531" id="1593">〔25〕</a>怖即得止：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“怖心”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注“下脱即得止三字”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>均作“怖即得止”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1532" id="1594">〔26〕</a>鳥跡手孔：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“鳥跡及孔”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>“及”字下注“疑譌，當是手字”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1533" id="1595">〔27〕</a>存：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“在”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1534" id="1596">〔28〕</a>鵰：<span class="shuming">東本</span>作“彫”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1535" id="1597">〔29〕</a>各各：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“冬冬”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1536" id="1598">〔30〕</a>嶮巇：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“嶮㠊”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00101','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P101</span></i><span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“嶮巇”，今據改。<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“險巇”，注以爲“上一字”應作“險”，云：“<span class="shuming">傳</span>作嶮，非也。……<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注<span class="shuming">楚辭</span>云，險巇，猶顛危也。”則<span class="shuming">音義</span>所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本亦作“嶮巇”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1537" id="1599">〔31〕</a>堂：石本作“常”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1538" id="1600">〔32〕</a>止：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“正”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1539" id="1601">〔33〕</a>在：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1540" id="1602">〔34〕</a>其山：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“某山”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1541" id="1603">〔35〕</a>是五山中最高：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本作“是五山之最高也”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1542" id="1604">〔36〕</a>倩：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“請”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1543" id="1605">〔37〕</a>上：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“到”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1544" id="1606">〔38〕</a>華香供養：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“香花供養”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“香華供養”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1545" id="1607">〔39〕</a>住：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1546" id="1608">〔40〕</a>首楞嚴：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“首楞嚴經”。<span class="shuming">首楞嚴</span>（Sūraṅgama），佛教經名。意譯健相，比擬佛德堅固，諸魔不能壞。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1547" id="1609">〔41〕</a>誦首楞嚴：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“請首楞嚴”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“首楞亭”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“誦首楞嚴”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注：據舊本此下“有一亭字”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1548" id="1610">〔42〕</a>出舊城北行：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“出舊北谷”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“出舊城北谷”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“出舊城此行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1549" id="1611">〔43〕</a>迦蘭陀竹園：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九亦載有關此園傳説，謂<span class="zhuanming">王舍舊城</span>有長者名<span class="zhuanming">迦蘭陀</span>（Kalanda），曾以大竹園施諸外道，後改信佛法，逐外道，以園奉<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，即稱<span class="zhuanming">迦蘭</span><span class="zhuanming">陀竹園</span>（Kalanda-veṇuvana）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1550" id="1612">〔44〕</a>尸摩賒那：“摩”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“磨”。尸摩賒那乃梵文Smasānam之音譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1551" id="1613">〔45〕</a>棄：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“乘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1552" id="1614">〔46〕</a>搏：<span class="shuming">圓本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“摶”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“轉”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“搏”，今據改。參見本節注〔14〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1553" id="1615">〔47〕</a>賓波羅窟：“窟”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“賔”。賓波羅（Pippala或Peepal），即畢鉢羅樹或卑鉢羅樹，樹身高大而長命，類似榕樹而無支根，即“印度菩提<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00102','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P102</span></i>樹”（Sacred fig of India，Ficus religiosa）。此處之賓波羅乃石窟名，或因窟前有此樹故。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九，記<span class="zhuanming">山城</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span>）北門西有<span class="zhuanming">毘布羅山</span>，山西南崖陰有温泉，温泉西有<span class="zhuanming">卑鉢羅石室</span>。此<span class="zhuanming">卑鉢羅石室</span>當即是<span class="zhuanming">賓波羅窟</span>。本傳下文言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹後五百阿羅漢結集經處在<span class="zhuanming">車帝石室</span>，但有若干佛教經籍如<span class="shuming">根本説一切有部毘奈耶雜事</span>卷三十九等，又謂此第一結集處即在<span class="zhuanming">賓波羅窟</span>，蓋<span class="zhuanming">車帝石室</span>與<span class="zhuanming">賓波羅窟</span>地本相連故也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1554" id="1616">〔48〕</a>坐禪：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“禪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1555" id="1617">〔49〕</a>有一：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“有有”，但又塗去上一“有”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1556" id="1618">〔50〕</a>車帝：梵文Saptaparṇaguhā音譯之略，即<span class="zhuanming">七葉窟</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1557" id="1619">〔51〕</a>五百阿羅漢結集經處：此即佛教史上有名之第一結集。關於此結集及以下<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>在門外不得入﹑<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>石窟﹑比丘自刎諸佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1558" id="1620">〔52〕</a>鋪三空座：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“鋪三空坐”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“鋪三高座”。<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>大弟子，皆已先<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>而泥洹，故第一結集時<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>鋪三空座，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>中央，左<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，右<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>，次<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>居上座，再次諸羅漢焉。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1559" id="1621">〔53〕</a>餝：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“飾”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“飭”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1560" id="1622">〔54〕</a>阿難在門外不得入：“在門外”三字，<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“在門”。佛教相傳，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>以<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>之漏未盡，尚未完全解脱煩惱，不許其參加諸羅漢之座。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>退去，未及伏枕，竟達漏盡，遂得參加結集，而得五百阿羅漢之數。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1561" id="1623">〔55〕</a>搏：同本節注〔46〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1562" id="1624">〔56〕</a>不淨觀：“淨”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“得”。觀想人身從生到死種種不淨，以除欲念，爲佛教一種唯心幻想的修行方法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1563" id="1625">〔57〕</a>猒：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“厭”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1564" id="1626">〔58〕</a>三毒賊：佛教以貪毒（貪得不已）﹑瞋毒（忿怒）﹑痴毒（無知）爲三毒，以爲毒中之毒，無過三毒。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1565" id="1627">〔59〕</a>再：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“舟”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“𦘺”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“肉”。若依<span class="shuming">麗本</span>，此句應讀作“始傷肉得須陀洹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1566" id="1628">〔60〕</a>須陀洹：見<span class="zhuanming">〔迦維羅衛城〕</span>節注〔22〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1567" id="1629">〔61〕</a>阿那含：同上。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00103','1385132',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P103</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1568" id="1630">〔62〕</a>阿羅漢果：同上。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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伽耶城　貝多樹下
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125065" key="1125065"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 伽耶城　貝多樹下 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125066" key="1125066"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00103','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P103</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000087">伽耶城　貝多樹下</p><p> <span>從此西行四由延，到<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1728" id="1631">〔1〕</a>，城内亦空荒。</span> </p><p> <span>復南行二十里<a class="zhuhao" href="#1729" id="1632">〔2〕</a>，到<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>本苦行六年處，處有林木<a class="zhuhao" href="#1730" id="1633">〔3〕</a>。從此西行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1731" id="1634">〔4〕</a>三里，到<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>入水洗浴，天<a class="zhuhao" href="#1732" id="1635">〔5〕</a>按<a class="zhuhao" href="#1733" id="1636">〔6〕</a>樹枝得攀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1734" id="1637">〔7〕</a>出池處。又北行二里，得彌家女奉<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>乳糜處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1735" id="1638">〔8〕</a>。從此北行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1736" id="1639">〔9〕</a>二里，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>於一<a class="zhuhao" href="#1737" id="1640">〔10〕</a>大樹下石上，東向坐食糜<a class="zhuhao" href="#1738" id="1641">〔11〕</a>，樹﹑石今悉在，石可廣﹑長六尺，高二尺許<a class="zhuhao" href="#1739" id="1642">〔12〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">中國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1740" id="1643">〔13〕</a>寒暑<a class="zhuhao" href="#1741" id="1644">〔14〕</a>均調，樹木或<a class="zhuhao" href="#1742" id="1645">〔15〕</a>數千歲，乃至萬歲。</span> </p><p> <span>從此東北行半由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1743" id="1646">〔16〕</a>，到一<a class="zhuhao" href="#1744" id="1647">〔17〕</a>石窟。<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>入中，西向結跏趺坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#1745" id="1648">〔18〕</a>，心念：“若我成道，當有神<a class="zhuhao" href="#1746" id="1649">〔19〕</a>驗”。石壁上即有佛影現<a class="zhuhao" href="#1747" id="1650">〔20〕</a>，長三尺許<a class="zhuhao" href="#1748" id="1651">〔21〕</a>，今猶明亮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1749" id="1652">〔22〕</a>。時天地大動，諸天在空中白言：“此非<a class="zhuhao" href="#1750" id="1653">〔23〕</a>過去﹑當來諸佛成道處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1751" id="1654">〔24〕</a>，去此西南行，减<a class="zhuhao" href="#1752" id="1655">〔25〕</a>半由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1753" id="1656">〔26〕</a>，貝多樹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1754" id="1657">〔27〕</a>下，是過去﹑當來諸佛成道處。”諸天説是語已，即便在前唱導，導引<a class="zhuhao" href="#1755" id="1658">〔28〕</a>而去。<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>起行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1756" id="1659">〔29〕</a>。離樹三十步，天授吉祥草<a class="zhuhao" href="#1757" id="1660">〔30〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>受之。復行十五步，五百青雀飛來，繞<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1758" id="1661">〔31〕</a>三帀而去<a class="zhuhao" href="#1759" id="1662">〔32〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>前到貝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1760" id="1663">〔33〕</a>多樹下，敷吉祥草，東向而坐<a class="zhuhao" href="#1761" id="1664">〔34〕</a>。時<span class="zhuanming">魔王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1762" id="1665">〔35〕</a>遣三玉女從北來試<a class="zhuhao" href="#1763" id="1666">〔36〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">魔王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1764" id="1667">〔37〕</a>自從南來<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00104','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P104</span></i>試<a class="zhuhao" href="#1765" id="1668">〔38〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>以足指按地<a class="zhuhao" href="#1766" id="1669">〔39〕</a>，魔兵<a class="zhuhao" href="#1767" id="1670">〔40〕</a>退散<a class="zhuhao" href="#1768" id="1671">〔41〕</a>，三女變老<a class="zhuhao" href="#1769" id="1672">〔42〕</a>。自上苦行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1770" id="1673">〔43〕</a>六年處，及此諸處，後人皆於中起塔立像，今皆在。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>成道已，七日觀樹受解脱樂處。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>於貝多樹下東西經行七日處。諸天化作七寶臺<a class="zhuhao" href="#1771" id="1674">〔44〕</a>供養<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>七日處。<span class="zhuanming">文鱗</span>盲龍<a class="zhuhao" href="#1772" id="1675">〔45〕</a>七日繞<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>處。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>於尼拘律樹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1773" id="1676">〔46〕</a>下方石上東向坐，<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>來請佛處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1774" id="1677">〔47〕</a>。四<span class="zhuanming">天王</span>奉鉢處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1775" id="1678">〔48〕</a>。五百賈客授麨蜜處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1776" id="1679">〔49〕</a>。度<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>兄弟師徒千人處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1777" id="1680">〔50〕</a>。此諸處亦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1778" id="1681">〔51〕</a>起塔。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>得道處有三僧伽藍，皆有僧住。衆僧民户供給饒足，無所乏少。戒律嚴峻，威儀﹑坐起﹑入衆之法<a class="zhuhao" href="#1779" id="1682">〔52〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在世時聖衆所行，以至於今。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">佛</span>泥洹以來，四大塔處相承不絶。四大塔者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1780" id="1683">〔53〕</a>：<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>生處<a class="zhuhao" href="#1781" id="1684">〔54〕</a>，得道處，轉法輪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1782" id="1685">〔55〕</a>處，般泥洹處。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>昔作<a class="zhuhao" href="#1783" id="1686">〔56〕</a>小兒時，當道戲。遇<span class="zhuanming">釋迦佛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1784" id="1687">〔57〕</a>行乞食，小兒歡喜<a class="zhuhao" href="#1785" id="1688">〔58〕</a>，即以一掬土<a class="zhuhao" href="#1786" id="1689">〔59〕</a>施<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>。<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>持還，泥經行地<a class="zhuhao" href="#1787" id="1690">〔60〕</a>。因此<a class="zhuhao" href="#1788" id="1691">〔61〕</a>果報，作鐵輪王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1789" id="1692">〔62〕</a>，王<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1790" id="1693">〔63〕</a>。乘鐵輪案<a class="zhuhao" href="#1791" id="1694">〔64〕</a>行<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>，見鐵圍兩山<a class="zhuhao" href="#1792" id="1695">〔65〕</a>間地獄治罪人。即問羣臣：“此是何等？”答言：“是鬼王<span class="zhuanming">閻羅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1793" id="1696">〔66〕</a>治罪人。”王自念言：“鬼王尚能作地獄治罪人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1794" id="1697">〔67〕</a>，我是人主<a class="zhuhao" href="#1795" id="1698">〔68〕</a>，何不作地獄治罪人耶？”即問臣等：“誰能爲我作地獄主<a class="zhuhao" href="#1796" id="1699">〔69〕</a>治罪人者？”臣答言：“唯有極惡人能作耳。”王即遣臣遍求惡人。見池水<a class="zhuhao" href="#1797" id="1700">〔70〕</a>邊有一人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1798" id="1701">〔71〕</a>，長壯<a class="zhuhao" href="#1799" id="1702">〔72〕</a>﹑黑色﹑髮黄﹑眼青<a class="zhuhao" href="#1800" id="1703">〔73〕</a>，以脚鉤兼<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00105','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P105</span></i>魚<a class="zhuhao" href="#1801" id="1704">〔74〕</a>，口呼<a class="zhuhao" href="#1802" id="1705">〔75〕</a>禽獸，禽獸來便射殺，無得脱者。得此人已，將來與王。王密勑之：“汝作四方高墻，内殖種種華果，作好浴池<a class="zhuhao" href="#1803" id="1706">〔76〕</a>，莊嚴校餝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1804" id="1707">〔77〕</a>，令人渴仰。牢作<a class="zhuhao" href="#1805" id="1708">〔78〕</a>門户，有人入者輒捉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1806" id="1709">〔79〕</a>，種種治罪，莫使得出。設<a class="zhuhao" href="#1807" id="1710">〔80〕</a>使我入，亦治罪莫放。今拜汝作地獄王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1808" id="1711">〔81〕</a>。”有<a class="zhuhao" href="#1809" id="1712">〔82〕</a>比丘，次第乞食入其門<a class="zhuhao" href="#1810" id="1713">〔83〕</a>。獄卒見之，便欲治罪。比丘惶怖，求請須臾，聽我中食。俄頃，復<a class="zhuhao" href="#1811" id="1714">〔84〕</a>有人入，獄卒内置碓臼中擣之，赤沫出。比丘見已，思惟此身無常﹑苦﹑空，如泡如沫，即得阿羅漢<a class="zhuhao" href="#1812" id="1715">〔85〕</a>。既而獄卒捉内鑊湯中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1813" id="1716">〔86〕</a>，比丘心顔欣悦，火滅，湯冷，中生蓮華，比丘坐上。獄卒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1814" id="1717">〔87〕</a>即往白王，獄中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1815" id="1718">〔88〕</a>奇怪，願王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1816" id="1719">〔89〕</a>往看。王言：“我前有要，今不敢往。”獄卒言：“此非小事，王宜疾往。”更改先要，王即隨入。比丘爲説法<a class="zhuhao" href="#1817" id="1720">〔90〕</a>，王得信解，即壞地獄，悔前所作衆惡。由是信重<a class="zhuhao" href="#1818" id="1721">〔91〕</a>三寶，常至貝多樹下，悔過自責，受八齋<a class="zhuhao" href="#1819" id="1722">〔92〕</a>。王夫人問：“王常遊何處？”羣臣答言：“恒在貝多樹下。”夫人伺王不在時，遣人伐其樹倒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1820" id="1723">〔93〕</a>。王來見之，迷悶躃地。諸臣以水灑面，良久乃蘇。王即以塼<a class="zhuhao" href="#1821" id="1724">〔94〕</a>累四邊，以百甖牛乳灌樹根。身四布地<a class="zhuhao" href="#1822" id="1725">〔95〕</a>，作是誓言：“若樹不生，我終不起。”誓已<a class="zhuhao" href="#1823" id="1726">〔96〕</a>，樹便即根上而生，以至於今。今高减十丈<a class="zhuhao" href="#1824" id="1727">〔97〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00106','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P106</span></i>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1631" id="1728">〔1〕</a>從此西行四由延到伽耶城：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>之記載，首句改寫作“又西逕<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>”，乃承其前文“<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>又西逕<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>”而來，則應解釋爲<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>先向西流逕<span class="zhuanming">王舍新城</span>，再向西流逕<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>矣，此與實際情况大相違異，<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏之誤也。<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“迦邪城”；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“伽那城”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“伽耶城”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注“耶一作那”；<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“迦耶城”，注“耶一作那”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“迦那城”。作“邪”﹑“耶”者是。又，“城”字應斷句，<span class="shuming">趙本</span>以下一字“南”連上斷句，及<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>以下四字“南二（<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>作三）十里”連上斷句，亦誤。<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>（Gayā）在今<span class="zhuanming">印度比哈爾</span>邦之<span class="zhuanming">伽雅城</span>（Gaya）。城南十一公里之<span class="zhuanming">佛陀伽雅</span>（Buddha Gayā），一稱<span class="zhuanming">菩提道場</span>（Bodhi-maṇḍa），相傳即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>成道之處所，爲佛教之聖地。關於<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>及以下苦行六年處﹑攀樹枝處﹑<span class="zhuanming">彌家</span>女奉乳糜處﹑石窟地動﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>在貝多樹下退魔成道﹑諸天作七寶臺供養﹑<span class="zhuanming">文鱗</span>七日繞<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>來請<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">四天王</span>奉鉢﹑賈客獻麨蜜﹑度<span class="zhuanming">伽葉</span>兄弟千人處等佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1632" id="1729">〔2〕</a>二十里：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“三十里”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“二十里”。<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案近刻迦作伽，三作二”，<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>蓋未查對<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>，今所見<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>本以下諸本<span class="shuming">傳</span>文皆作“伽”作“二”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1633" id="1730">〔3〕</a>到菩薩本苦行六年處處有林木：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“到佛苦行六年其樹處有林”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注“其一作坐，林下脱木字”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“到佛苦行六年其樹處有林木”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注“其一作坐”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>作“到佛苦行六年樹處有林木”，並注“按六年下一本有其字，一本有坐字，而<span class="shuming">佛國記</span>又脱去樹字，皆失之”；<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“到佛苦行六年坐樹處有林木”。<span class="shuming">傳</span>文此句之“菩薩”，即指<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>，下同。關於苦行六年處，相傳<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>出家後尋求解脱之道，其父遣宗親五人即<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>（Kauṇḍinya）等爲侍，後經種種曲折，乃至此處即<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>南二十里之<span class="zhuanming">尼連禪</span>（Nairañjanā）河畔修苦行六年，形容憔悴，膚體羸瘠，而無所獲，乃放棄苦行。<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>等五人以爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>信行退轉，遂捨之而去<span class="zhuanming">波羅㮏城</span>。然<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>卒在貝多樹下成正等覺。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00107','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P107</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1634" id="1731">〔4〕</a>西行：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“西”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1635" id="1732">〔5〕</a>天：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“天王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1636" id="1733">〔6〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“業”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1637" id="1734">〔7〕</a>攀：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“舉”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“扳”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“攀”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1638" id="1735">〔8〕</a>彌家女奉佛乳糜處：“乳糜”，<span class="shuming">音義</span>作“乳󵶍”，注云：“下美悲反，即以牛乳煮粥也，稠如糕麋，俗號乳糜，非典語。”又<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“乳麋”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“乳糜”。“彌家”，<span class="shuming">大寶積經</span>卷十一作“彌迦”，蓋爲梵文grāmika音譯之略，義爲“村長”。據<span class="zhuanming">柔克義</span>（W.W.Rockhi1l）所著<span class="shuming">釋迦牟尼傳</span>（The Life of theBuddha，30頁）載，奉<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>乳糜女子之父爲<span class="zhuanming">斯那尼村</span>（Senani）村長<span class="zhuanming">斯那</span>（Se-na）。彌家女意即村長之女也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1639" id="1736">〔9〕</a>北行：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1640" id="1737">〔10〕</a>一：<span class="shuming">沈本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1641" id="1738">〔11〕</a>食糜：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“食麋處”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“食糜處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1642" id="1739">〔12〕</a>高二尺許：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“高減二尺”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1643" id="1740">〔13〕</a>中國：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“國中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1644" id="1741">〔14〕</a>寒暑：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“寒景”；<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“寒暑”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1645" id="1742">〔15〕</a>或：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“成”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1646" id="1743">〔16〕</a>半由延：“延”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“正”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文此三字皆作“二十里”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1647" id="1744">〔17〕</a>一：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無此字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1648" id="1745">〔18〕</a>結跏趺坐：“跏趺”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“跏”。結跏趺坐乃佛教的一種靜坐法，即雙足交迭而坐。其方式或兩足交叉置於左右股上，或單以一足押在對側股上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1649" id="1746">〔19〕</a>神：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“禪”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1650" id="1747">〔20〕</a>現：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“見”；<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“現”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1651" id="1748">〔21〕</a>三尺許：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“三尺”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00108','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P108</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1652" id="1749">〔22〕</a>明亮：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“明高”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1653" id="1750">〔23〕</a>非：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“非是”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1654" id="1751">〔24〕</a>處：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“家”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1655" id="1752">〔25〕</a>減：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“咸”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1656" id="1753">〔26〕</a>由延：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“由延到”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“由旬”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“由延”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“由巡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1657" id="1754">〔27〕</a>貝多樹：“貝”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“具”，下同。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八稱此樹爲畢鉢羅樹（畢亦作卑），即賓波羅樹（Pippala或Peepal）也。以<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>在此樹下成道，故亦稱菩提樹（Bodhidruma）。此貝多樹與“貝多羅”（Pattra，簡寫作“貝多”，義爲樹葉或供書寫的樹葉）及“多羅”（Tāla，樹名，其葉可供書寫）均不同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1658" id="1755">〔28〕</a>唱導導引：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“唱道道引”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1659" id="1756">〔29〕</a>菩薩起行：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“開起竹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1660" id="1757">〔30〕</a>天授吉祥草：“授”字，今所見<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>各本皆作“授”，而<span class="shuming">音義</span>以爲應作“獻”，並謂所見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>本<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>“作授，非也，今不取”。吉祥草即矩奢草（Kusa）。<span class="zhuanming">䓑沙王舊城</span>即以多出此草而得<span class="zhuanming">矩奢揭羅補羅城</span>之名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1661" id="1758">〔31〕</a>菩薩：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𦬇”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1662" id="1759">〔32〕</a>三帀而去：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“三匝西去”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>作“三匝而去”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“三帀而去”；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“三帀西去”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案西近刻作而”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1663" id="1760">〔33〕</a>貝：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“具”，下同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1664" id="1761">〔34〕</a>東向而坐：<span class="shuming">石本</span>無“而”字。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“東向西坐”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“東向而坐”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1665" id="1762">〔35〕</a>魔王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“魔”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1666" id="1763">〔36〕</a>來試：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“來試菩薩”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“來試”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1667" id="1764">〔37〕</a>魔王：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“魔手”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1668" id="1765">〔38〕</a>從南來試：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“從南來”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案近刻下有試字”；<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“從南來試”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1669" id="1766">〔39〕</a>足指按地：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此云“足指按地”，蓋以言<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之神通。<span class="shuming">佛本行集<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00109','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P109</span></i>經</span>卷二九則作“爾時<span class="zhuanming">菩薩</span>手指此地，……其地遍及三千大千世界，六種震動，作大音聲，……爾時彼魔一切軍衆……皆悉退散”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1670" id="1767">〔40〕</a>魔兵：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“魔丘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1671" id="1768">〔41〕</a>退散：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文皆作“卻散”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1672" id="1769">〔42〕</a>三女變老：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“三女變成老母”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“三女變爲老姥不自服”，<span class="zhuanming">朱</span>注“不字上疑脱一莫字”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>作“三女變爲老姥莫不自服”。<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注云“不自服”當作“不能自復”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1673" id="1770">〔43〕</a>苦行：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“宫行”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1674" id="1771">〔44〕</a>七寶臺：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“七寶堂”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“七寶當”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“七寶屋”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1675" id="1772">〔45〕</a>文鱗盲龍：<span class="zhuanming">文鱗</span>（Mucilinda）爲龍名，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八譯作<span class="zhuanming">目支鄰陀</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1676" id="1773">〔46〕</a>尼拘律樹：<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“拘律樹”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注“脱尼字”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1677" id="1774">〔47〕</a>梵天來請佛處：“請”字，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“諸”，<span class="shuming">朱本</span>注“諸疑作詣”，<span class="shuming">沈本</span>注“一本作詣”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>作“詣”，<span class="shuming">殿本</span>注“案詣近刻訛作諸”，此又可見<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏未檢對<span class="shuming">大典本</span>因而以<span class="shuming">大典本</span>亦作爲“近刻”矣；<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“請”。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八載此事，作“大梵天王於此勸請轉妙法輪”，即懇請<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>對人間宣講佛教教義也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1678" id="1775">〔48〕</a>四天王奉鉢處：“奉鉢”，<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引文，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>作“奉鉢”；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“捧鉢”，此又<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>氏未檢對<span class="shuming">大典本</span>之一證；<span class="shuming">戴本</span>作“捧盋”。佛教所傳，四<span class="zhuanming">天王</span>奉鉢，爲供<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>接受麨蜜之用。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1679" id="1776">〔49〕</a>五百賈客授麨蜜處：“賈客”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“買客”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“賈人”。“授”字，<span class="shuming">音義</span>以爲應改作“獻”；<span class="shuming">音義</span>又以爲“麨”字應作“𪍑”，謂“<span class="shuming">（法顯）傳</span>從少作麨，俗字”。佛教傳説，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>初證佛果後，有商客奉獻麨蜜之事。本傳云有五百賈客，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八唯二商主。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1680" id="1777">〔50〕</a>度迦葉兄弟師徒千人處：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八亦載此佛教傳説，較本傳爲詳。此<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>兄弟爲：<span class="zhuanming">優婁頻螺迦葉波</span>（Uruvilvā Kāsyapa）﹑<span class="zhuanming">捺地迦葉波</span>（Nadī Kāsyapa）﹑<span class="zhuanming">伽耶迦葉波</span>（Gayā Kāsyapa），初，三人爲事火外道，受<span class="zhuanming">釋迦<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00110','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P110</span></i>牟尼</span>之教化，偕其徒衆千人，先後皈依佛教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1681" id="1778">〔51〕</a>亦：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“亦盡”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1682" id="1779">〔52〕</a>入衆之法：入衆之法即佛教僧人共同生活之規法。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷下引<span class="shuming">五分律</span>云：“<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>言入衆應以五法：一下意，二慈心，三恭敬，四知次第，五不説餘事。”</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1683" id="1780">〔53〕</a>四大塔者：按：<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>中於貝多樹<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>成道處﹑<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>始轉法輪處﹑及<span class="zhuanming">拘夷那竭城</span>般泥洹處，皆記有塔。獨於<span class="zhuanming">論民園佛</span>生處未記有塔，不知何由脱去。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="zhuanming">臘伐尼林</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">論民園</span>）則載有<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>生處諸窣堵波及<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>所建大石柱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1684" id="1781">〔54〕</a>生處：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“坐處”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1685" id="1782">〔55〕</a>法輪：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>無“輪”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1686" id="1783">〔56〕</a>作：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“在”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1687" id="1784">〔57〕</a>釋迦佛：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“迦葉佛”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1688" id="1785">〔58〕</a>歡喜：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“觀喜”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1689" id="1786">〔59〕</a>一掬土：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“一相土”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1690" id="1787">〔60〕</a>經行地：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“經行池”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“經行城”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1691" id="1788">〔61〕</a>因此：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“因”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1692" id="1789">〔62〕</a>鐵輪王：參看前〔僧伽施國〕節注〔10〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1693" id="1790">〔63〕</a>閻浮提：即<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提洲</span>。參看前〔弗樓沙國〕節注〔15〕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1694" id="1791">〔64〕</a>案：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“安”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1695" id="1792">〔65〕</a>鐵圍兩山：關於<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>，見前〔弗樓沙國〕節注〔15〕。但此句似言以鐵圍繞兩山間作地獄，與<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>無關。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1696" id="1793">〔66〕</a>閻羅：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“閻羅王”。閻羅爲梵文Yamarāja音譯之略。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1697" id="1794">〔67〕</a>治罪人：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“治羅”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1698" id="1795">〔68〕</a>人主：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“人人主”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1699" id="1796">〔69〕</a>主：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1700" id="1797">〔70〕</a>池水：<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“泄水”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1701" id="1798">〔71〕</a>一人：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“一惡人”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禪本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“一”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1702" id="1799">〔72〕</a>長壯：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“長㽵”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1703" id="1800">〔73〕</a>眼青：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“眼清”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“目青”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1704" id="1801">〔74〕</a>以脚鉤兼魚：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“以脚鉤魚”。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00111','1385133',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P111</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1705" id="1802">〔75〕</a>口呼：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“口哹”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1706" id="1803">〔76〕</a>作好浴池：<span class="shuming">磧本</span>作“非好浴池”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“作好浴”；<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“并好谷池”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1707" id="1804">〔77〕</a>莊嚴校餝：“莊”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“㽵”，後同。“餝”，<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">院本</span>作“飾”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1708" id="1805">〔78〕</a>牢作：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“窂竹”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“窂作”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1709" id="1806">〔79〕</a>輒捉：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“輒投”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1710" id="1807">〔80〕</a>設：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“説”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1711" id="1808">〔81〕</a>王：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“主”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1712" id="1809">〔82〕</a>有：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“時有”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1713" id="1810">〔83〕</a>門：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“獄門”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1714" id="1811">〔84〕</a>復：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“後”；<span class="shuming">磧本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">津本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">學本</span>作“得”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1715" id="1812">〔85〕</a>阿羅漢：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“阿羅漢果”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1716" id="1813">〔86〕</a>捉内鑊湯中：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“投内錐湯中”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“捉内鑵渴中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1717" id="1814">〔87〕</a>獄卒：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“爾時獄卒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1718" id="1815">〔88〕</a>獄中：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“中”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1719" id="1816">〔89〕</a>王：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“王王”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1720" id="1817">〔90〕</a>爲説法：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“爲王説法”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1721" id="1818">〔91〕</a>信重：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“信乘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1722" id="1819">〔92〕</a>八齋：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“八戒齋”。八齋亦稱八戒或八戒齋，乃佛教徒之禁戒，即離開八種之非法也。據<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷十四，此八種之非法爲：（1）殺生；（2）不與取；（3）非梵行；（4）虚誑語；（5）飲諸酒；（6）塗飾香鬘歌舞觀聽；（7）眠坐高廣嚴麗床座；（8）食非時食。關於<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>作地獄﹑壞地獄及此下王夫人伐樹之佛教神話傳説，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八亦有類似記述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1723" id="1820">〔93〕</a>倒：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“到”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“樹倒”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1724" id="1821">〔94〕</a>塼：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“榑”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“愽”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1725" id="1822">〔95〕</a>身四布地：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“身四枝布地”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1726" id="1823">〔96〕</a>誓已：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“作是誓已”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1727" id="1824">〔97〕</a>今高減十丈：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“今高滅十丈”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“高滅十丈”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“高減十丈”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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雞足山
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125069" key="1125069"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 雞足山 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125070" key="1125070"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00112','1385134',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P112</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000089">雞足山</p><p> <span>從此南三里行，到一山，名<span class="zhuanming">鷄足</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1831" id="1825">〔1〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>今在此山中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1832" id="1826">〔2〕</a>。劈<a class="zhuhao" href="#1833" id="1827">〔3〕</a>山下入，入處不容人，下入極遠有旁孔，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>全身在此中住。孔外有<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>本洗手土，彼方人若頭痛者，以此土塗之即差。此山中即日<a class="zhuhao" href="#1834" id="1828">〔4〕</a>故<a class="zhuhao" href="#1835" id="1829">〔5〕</a>有諸羅漢住，彼方<a class="zhuhao" href="#1836" id="1830">〔6〕</a>諸國道人年年往供養<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>，心濃至者，夜即有羅漢來，共言論，釋其疑已，忽然不現。此山榛木茂盛，又多師子﹑虎﹑狼，不可妄行。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1825" id="1831">〔1〕</a>從此南三里行到一山名雞足：“南”，<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“東南”。<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>，即<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九之<span class="zhuanming">屈屈吒播陀山</span>（Kukkuṭapādagiri）；亦稱<span class="zhuanming">窶盧播陀山</span>（Gurupādagiri），意譯<span class="zhuanming">尊足</span>，蓋因“尊者<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉波</span>居中寂滅，不敢指言，故云尊足”也。據<span class="shuming">勞氏書</span>（230—231頁）引<span class="zhuanming">克寧漢</span>（Cunningham）氏説，主張此山在<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>東北16哩，即<span class="zhuanming">克基哈爾</span>（Kurkihār）之北約一哩之三座山峯。又引有<span class="zhuanming">斯坦因</span>（Stein）氏説，主張此山在<span class="zhuanming">克基哈爾</span>西南一帶連山中之最高峯，即<span class="zhuanming">索那時山</span>（Sobhnāth Hill），距<span class="zhuanming">瓦齊干村</span>（Wazirganj）約四哩。是故<span class="shuming">堀氏書</span>卷九附圖，即繪<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>於<span class="zhuanming">伽耶</span>之東偏北。但據<span class="shuming">足立氏書</span>（175—177頁）引<span class="zhuanming">巴納基</span>（R·D·Banerjee）氏之考證，則以位於<span class="zhuanming">佛陀伽耶</span>東南東二十哩之<span class="zhuanming">窶播山</span>（Gurpa Hill即Gurupada）當<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>。足<span class="zhuanming">立</span>氏以爲本傳“從此南三里”之文當有誤，因改“三里”爲“三由延”，並謂“南”字應作“東南”解。按：1980年影印問世之<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>，“南”字正作“東南”，與<span class="zhuanming">巴納基</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">足立</span>二氏之考證相合。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1826" id="1832">〔2〕</a>大迦葉今在此山中：即言<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>居中寂滅也。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九所載較此爲詳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00113','1385134',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P113</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1827" id="1833">〔3〕</a>劈：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“𨐫”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“辟”；<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“擘”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1828" id="1834">〔4〕</a>即日：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“即目”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1829" id="1835">〔5〕</a>故：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“猶”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1830" id="1836">〔6〕</a>彼方：<span class="shuming">麗本</span>作“彼”。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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曠野
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1125073" key="1125073"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=587606">法顯傳校注</a> &gt; 三　中天竺、東天竺記遊 &gt; 曠野 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1125074" key="1125074"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00411-001-L00113','1385135',this);" style="cursor: pointer; display: none;"> <span class="song">P113</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00411-001-BT0000091">曠野</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>還向<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1842" id="1837">〔1〕</a>。順<span class="zhuanming">恒水</span>西下<a class="zhuhao" href="#1843" id="1838">〔2〕</a>十由延<a class="zhuhao" href="#1844" id="1839">〔3〕</a>，得<a class="zhuhao" href="#1845" id="1840">〔4〕</a>一精舍，名<span class="zhuanming">曠野</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1846" id="1841">〔5〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>所住處，今現有僧。</span> </p>【校注】          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1837" id="1842">〔1〕</a>法顯還向巴連弗邑：“巴”，<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“已”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>引用<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>此段關於<span class="zhuanming">曠野</span>之記載，首句作“<span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>從此東南行還<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>。”<span class="shuming">楊本</span>注：“<span class="zhuanming">守敬</span>按：<span class="shuming">佛國記</span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>從<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>還向<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>，無東南行等字，此<span class="zhuanming">酈</span>氏以意增。……<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">巴連</span><span class="zhuanming">弗邑</span>之西南，則從<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>還向<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>，乃東北行，非東南行，此南爲北之誤。”按：<span class="zhuanming">伽耶</span>在<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>之南偏西，<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>之東南，<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>氏謂“<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>之西南”，亦未爲準確。又，“巴連弗邑”，<span class="shuming">大典本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">吴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">朱本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">沈本</span>作“巴連佛邑”；<span class="shuming">黄本</span>作“已連佛邑”；<span class="shuming">全本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">趙本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">戴本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殿本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楊本</span>作“巴連弗邑”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1838" id="1843">〔2〕</a>西下：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“面下”。此西下之“下”字，疑應作“行”字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1839" id="1844">〔3〕</a>十由延：<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“十由正”；<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“由延”。<span class="shuming">水經</span><span class="shuming">河水注</span>各本引文無此三字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1840" id="1845">〔4〕</a>得：<span class="shuming">鎌本</span>作“到”。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1841" id="1846">〔5〕</a>名曠野：<span class="shuming">東本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">開本</span>作“多曠野”；<span class="shuming">石本</span>作“名順野”。據本傳，此地在<span class="zhuanming">巴連弗邑</span>西十由延，<span class="zhuanming">波羅㮏城</span>東十二由延。據<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七，<span class="zhuanming">戰主國</span>（Yuddhapati，今Ghāzipur）東偏南三百餘里有<span class="zhuanming">摩訶娑羅邑</span>（Mahāsāla，今Shahabad西約六哩之Masār），更東三十餘里，<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>北，有石柱，刻記<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>伏曠野諸鬼之事，諸鬼並舉石請<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>安坐，願聞正法。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>之<span class="zhuanming">曠野</span>，蓋即此處。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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