前言　
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv38430" key="38430"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1293354">西遊録</a> &gt; 前言　 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv72745" key="72745"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00001','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000122"><b>前言<span class="font12 zhu">向達</span></b></p><p> <span>《西遊録》，<span class="zhuanming">元</span><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>著，《自序》作<span class="zhuanming">移剌楚材</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>的異譯。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>字<span class="zhuanming">晉卿</span>，書内結銜作“<span class="zhuanming">湛然居士</span><span class="zhuanming">從源</span>”，乃是<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>的法號。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">元</span>初名臣，《元史》卷一四六﹑《新元史》卷一二七﹑《蒙兀兒史記》卷四八俱有傳。他是<span class="zhuanming">遼</span><span class="zhuanming">東丹王</span><span class="zhuanming">突欲</span>八世孫，家世居於<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>，在今<span class="zhuanming">北京</span><span class="zhuanming">香山</span>，當時稱爲<span class="zhuanming">永安</span>。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>曾爲<span class="zhuanming">金</span>朝<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>尚書省的官，一二一五年<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>兵取<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>閒住在家。一二一八年應<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>召至<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>，第二年隨<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>大軍征西域。一二二四年<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>班師，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>亦隨之東歸，往西域凡六年。一二二一年<span class="zhuanming">長春真人</span><span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>至西域謁見<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>。一二二三年回<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>。<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>在西域，和<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>詩歌酬答往還甚多，<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>對<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>講道，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>亦所深知，但是<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>是<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>徒，<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>是<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>徒，“道不同不相與謀”，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>對於<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>頗不以爲然。一二二七年夏曆七月<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>病卒於<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>。其年冬，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>因事至<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>，距<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>之死已有三個月。《西遊録·自序》説他回<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>後，很多人向他詢問西域情形，因著此書，以省應對之煩云云。其實此書主要是爲攻擊<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>而作。《西遊録·自序》寫於一二二九年，書末又有一二二八年清明日題記一行。大概書成於一二二八年，第二年自行發刊印行，故序作一二二九年。原<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00002','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i>刊本末並有“<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>中書侍郎宅刊行”一行，表明這是家刊自印之本。</span> </p><p> <span>《西遊録》刊行以後，據同時人<span class="zhuanming">盛如梓</span>的記載，在當時就“人所罕見”。<span class="zhuanming">陳援庵</span>先生説這是由於<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>父子信仰異趣所致。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>是<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>徒，對於<span class="zhuanming">道</span>不惜鳴鼓而攻。而他的兒子<span class="zhuanming">耶律鑄</span>却和<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>有深厚感情。所以《西遊録》一書<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>去世後就不再印行了，因而成爲人所罕見之書。<span class="zhuanming">盛如梓</span>著《庶齋老學叢談》卷上節録《西遊録》記西遊地理一部分凡八百餘字。《叢談》於一八○五年由<span class="zhuanming">鮑廷博</span>根據舊鈔本刊入《知不足齋叢書》中。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>朝<span class="zhuanming">嘉慶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道光</span>以後談西北地理者，對於<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>《西遊録》主要靠《叢談》得知梗概。但是<span class="zhuanming">元</span>朝釋<span class="zhuanming">祥邁</span>著《至元辨僞録》，卷三中提到《西遊録》攻擊<span class="zhuanming">處機</span>十謬的事，不見《叢談》。<span class="zhuanming">明</span>朝<span class="zhuanming">包衡</span>的《清賞録》，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>朝<span class="zhuanming">俞浩</span>的《西域考古録》，都引到<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>《西遊録》，與《叢談》本不一樣。故《叢談》所收《西遊録》之有删節，是很明白的。但因不見原本，終於不甚了了。</span> </p><p> <span>一九二六年<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">神田信暢</span>在<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>宫内省圖書寮發見一部舊鈔足本《西遊録》。前面記西遊地理一部分，比之《叢談》所記多出五百八十餘字。後面攻擊<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>部分全不見《叢談》，而與《辨僞録》頗合。書末有<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>題和“<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>中書侍郎宅刊行”兩行，可見是照<span class="zhuanming">元</span>朝原刊本過録的。一九二七年<span class="zhuanming">神田</span>據圖書寮本排印出版，後來<span class="zhuanming">羅振玉</span>又據<span class="zhuanming">神田</span>本重印。於是<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>此書原本湮沈六七百年，始又復顯於世<a class="zhuhao" href="#417" id="416">（1）</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#416" id="417">（1）</a><span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>於一九二七年曾抄録出<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">神田信暢</span>所録之宫内省圖書寮藏舊抄本，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>抄本現藏<span class="zhuanming">北京圖書館</span>。其末尾有<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>的題跋一則，全文如下：“足本《西遊録》，日本宫内省圖書寮藏舊鈔本。丁卯春日，神田鬯庵學士録以見示，因手鈔此本。觀翁。”——一九八○年一月張廣達補注。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00003','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p> <span>據<span class="zhuanming">神田</span>跋，圖書寮所藏鈔本《西遊録》係十九世紀初<span class="zhuanming">德川</span>幕府儒官<span class="zhuanming">古賀侗庵</span>（煜）所獻寫本。<span class="zhuanming">古賀</span>本出自一八二四年寫本，而一八二四年本又出自<span class="zhuanming">普門院</span>舊藏<span class="zhuanming">元</span>刊原本。故圖書寮本是流傳有緒之書，雖然鈔得晚一點，其出自<span class="zhuanming">元</span>刊，可以無疑。</span> </p><p> <span>《西遊録》原本連《序》在内一共五一七七個字，《序》佔二九七個字。全書可分成兩個部分：第一部分專記自<span class="zhuanming">北京</span>出發以及西域各城情形，<span class="zhuanming">盛如梓</span>存的就是這一部分，只餘八三三個字。第二部分專門抨擊<span class="zhuanming">長春真人</span><span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>，一直到末了，抵得第一部分記遊踪的一倍。全書重心，於此可見。記地理和反<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>的兩部分都很重要，今分别與以介紹如下。先從第一部分説起。</span> </p><p> <span>《西遊録》成書於一二二八年，刊行於一二二九年。<span class="zhuanming">長春真人</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">李志常</span>所著《長春真人西遊記》前面有<span class="zhuanming">孫錫</span>的序，末署戊子，卽一二二八年，與《西遊録》成書之年同。但《西遊記》末一直記到庚寅卽一二三○年<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>之葬。<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>以爲《西遊記》成於<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>没後，卷末一段是書成後所加入。這是執泥於<span class="zhuanming">孫錫</span>一序的記年。其實是書還没有寫成，先請人作序而已。《西遊録》﹑《西遊記》二書之成，先後不過一年之差，都是十三世紀記述<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>以北和<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>之間歷史地理最早最重要的書。第八世紀中葉以後，關於<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>以北以至於<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>以西<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>一帶，遊歷其地歸而以<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>文記載遊踪的，絶無其人﹑其書。《宋史·高昌傳》只憑<span class="zhuanming">王延德</span>所記，畧及<span class="zhuanming">北廷</span>，如</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00004','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i> <span><span class="zhuanming">大食</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">拂菻</span>諸傳不過得之傳聞而已。到了十三世紀《西遊録》﹑《西遊記》二書，始首先對於上述諸地目識親覽所得，著成文字，公諸於世。十三世紀以後，西域地方的文獻損失甚多，《西遊録》﹑《西遊記》二書也是研究十三世紀<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>以及<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>地區歷史的重要資料。尤其是<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>的著作，他在<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>以至<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>一帶住過五六年，他的《文集》裡也有很多記述西域地方見聞之作，都可以供研究者的參攷。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>於一二一八年春應<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>之召，從<span class="zhuanming">北京</span>出發去<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>。他家住今<span class="zhuanming">北京</span><span class="zhuanming">香山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">元</span>時名<span class="zhuanming">永安</span>，故《録》云“始發<span class="zhuanming">永安</span>”。由<span class="zhuanming">北京</span>出<span class="zhuanming">居庸關</span>。出<span class="zhuanming">居庸</span>以後，接着就説歷<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>云云，因斷<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>出<span class="zhuanming">居庸</span>後，大概是取道今<span class="zhuanming">涿鹿</span><span class="zhuanming">元</span>名<span class="zhuanming">德興</span>的一條路。由此經<span class="zhuanming">雲中</span>卽今<span class="zhuanming">大同</span>，西北過<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>，今地名同<a class="zhuhao" href="#419" id="418">（1）</a>。至<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>以後，北度<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>，《録》名<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>。<span class="zhuanming">元</span>朝人一般稱<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>，而稱<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>境内的<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>。過山後，《録》中的“涉大磧逾沙漠”，卽經過今<span class="zhuanming">蒙古人民共和國</span>的<span class="zhuanming">東戈壁省</span>，到達行在。當時<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>的行在或行宫在<span class="zhuanming">克魯倫河</span>畔，今爲<span class="zhuanming">蒙古人民共和國</span>的<span class="zhuanming">肯特省</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>這是<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>離<span class="zhuanming">北京</span>後走的第一段路，和<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>以及<span class="zhuanming">張德輝</span>諸人的行程都不一樣。</span> </p><p> <span>一二一九年<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>隨<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>大軍西征，過<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>，卽今<span class="zhuanming">阿爾泰山</span>。時方盛夏。《西遊録》於過<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>後，提到許多地名，在<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>境内<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>以北的有<span class="zhuanming">别石把</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瀚海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>以南的有<span class="zhuanming">和州</span>，亦卽<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>亦名<span class="zhuanming">伊州</span>，以及<span class="zhuanming">五端城</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">唐</span></span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00005','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P5</span></i> <span><span class="zhuanming">于闐國</span>。這些地名，尤其是<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>以北的幾處，在《西遊録》中出現的次序都是自東而西，因此引起一些人誤會，以爲<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>過<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>以後，和<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>走的是同一條路。也是沿着<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>北面今<span class="zhuanming">準噶爾盆地</span>大沙漠的東邊南下，至<span class="zhuanming">吉木薩爾</span>以後，遵<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>北麓西行。這樣看法都是錯誤的。</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#418" id="419">（1）</a><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>出<span class="zhuanming">居庸關</span>抵<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>間所經地名及路線，參見本書正文頁1**注。</span></p><p> <span>一二一九年<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征，過<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>後西行，至<span class="zhuanming">也兒的石河</span>駐夏，<span class="zhuanming">也兒的石河</span>卽今<span class="zhuanming">額爾齊斯河</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯</span><span class="zhuanming">哈薩克共和國</span>的東部。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>一直隨着<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>。《元史·耶律楚材傳》説出師祭旗的那天，雨雪三尺，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>有點懷疑，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>説一定可以得勝云云。由此可證<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>西行是隨着<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>大軍前進。至<span class="zhuanming">也兒的石河</span>駐夏以後，始復南行。他走的路約同<span class="zhuanming">常德</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>由<span class="zhuanming">也兒的石河</span>南下，據《西遊録》所記，到了<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>，然後過<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>，以至<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>。這一段和<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>以及<span class="zhuanming">常德</span>走的路一樣。<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>卽《西使記》的<span class="zhuanming">孛羅城</span>。《長春真人西遊記》没有提到<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>，但是過<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>至<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>，三人的記載一樣。<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>或<span class="zhuanming">孛羅城</span>，當在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">艾比湖</span>傍<span class="zhuanming">博樂縣</span>境内，以在<span class="zhuanming">博樂塔拉河</span>畔，因而得名。由此所過的<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">婆羅科努山</span>的一部分，山頂圓池<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">天池</span>的，卽今<span class="zhuanming">賽里木湖</span>。自此南下今名<span class="zhuanming">果子溝</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">塔勒奇山峽</span>。<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征大軍過此，由<span class="zhuanming">察合台</span>鑿石通道爲四十八橋，今尚存三十二橋，卽是棧道一類。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>稱此爲<span class="zhuanming">松關</span>，<span class="zhuanming">常德</span>稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">鐵木耳懺察</span>，亦卽<span class="zhuanming">松關</span>之意。出峽以後爲<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>，《長春西遊記》同，《西使記》作<span class="zhuanming">阿里麻里城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>確實地點今無可攷，疑當在<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">伊寧</span>西<span class="zhuanming">綏定</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">霍城</span>之間。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00006','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P6</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>隨<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>大軍西征，他走的不是<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>北面<span class="zhuanming">長春真人</span><span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>西行所走的路，只是到了<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>，才和<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>所走的路相合。一二二四年<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>班師回國，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>也自西域東歸。可是<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>之東歸，并不如舊史所説扈駕歸<span class="zhuanming">和林</span>，而是另走<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>北面<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>西行的那一條路。由<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬</span>北行過<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>至<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>，由<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>而東經<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">北庭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>，出<span class="zhuanming">伊州</span>，涉大漠，以至<span class="zhuanming">肅州</span>。據《文集》卷八《萬松老人評唱天童覺和尚頌古從容庵録序》，是甲申中元日序於<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>，卽在一二二四年秋。而是年夏<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>班師至<span class="zhuanming">也兒的石河</span>駐夏，可見<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>没有隨着<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>。《文集》卷八《辨邪論序》，是乙酉日南至序於<span class="zhuanming">瀚海軍</span>之<span class="zhuanming">高昌城</span>，卽到一二二五年冬至，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>在<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>。《文集》卷十三《糠孽教民十無益論序》是丙戌重午日寫於<span class="zhuanming">肅州</span><span class="zhuanming">鄯善城</span>，卽到一二二六年的端午，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>已到了<span class="zhuanming">肅州</span>。《文集》卷三有《過夏國新安縣》一詩，據自注時在丁亥九月望日。詩中説三年前的今日過西域<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>的<span class="zhuanming">松關</span>，正可以證明《文集》卷八《從容庵録序》末所署年月，卽中元日在<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>，到了九月十五日已北行渡過<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>的<span class="zhuanming">松關</span>了。因爲<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>東歸走的是<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>北面的一條路，所以自<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>以東，提到<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>和<span class="zhuanming">瀚海</span><span class="zhuanming">别石把</span>等地。<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>當在今<span class="zhuanming">烏魯木齊</span>以東的<span class="zhuanming">阜康縣</span>。<span class="zhuanming">别石把</span>義爲<span class="zhuanming">五城</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">阜康</span>以東的<span class="zhuanming">吉木薩爾</span>舊名<span class="zhuanming">濟木薩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孚遠縣</span>。<span class="zhuanming">瀚海</span>一般指<span class="zhuanming">吉木薩爾</span>北面的一片大戈壁。七○二年所置的<span class="zhuanming">瀚海軍</span>卽在一名<span class="zhuanming">庭州</span>的<span class="zhuanming">北庭都護府</span>城内，亦卽後來的<span class="zhuanming">别石把城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">别石把城</span>南五百里的<span class="zhuanming">和州</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>名<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>，在今<span class="zhuanming">吐魯番</span>東六十里的<span class="zhuanming">三堡</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">西州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伊州</span>在<span class="zhuanming">西州</span>之東，卽今<span class="zhuanming">哈密</span>，不知<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>何以混而爲一。<span class="zhuanming">五端</span>卽<span class="zhuanming">于<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00007','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P7</span></i>闐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">和闐</span>，今稱<span class="zhuanming">和田</span>。出烏玉的河今名<span class="zhuanming">喀拉喀什河</span>，出白玉的河今名<span class="zhuanming">玉龍喀什河</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>到了<span class="zhuanming">别石把城</span>以後，南下以至<span class="zhuanming">和州</span>。從<span class="zhuanming">别石把</span>到<span class="zhuanming">和州</span>，可能就是走的<span class="zhuanming">王延德</span>那一條路。一二二五年<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>在<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>，由<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>東行經<span class="zhuanming">伊州</span>卽今<span class="zhuanming">哈密</span>，過<span class="zhuanming">哈密</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安西</span>間的大磧以至<span class="zhuanming">肅州</span>。<span class="zhuanming">張慰西</span>在所著《湛然居士年譜》裡以爲<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>“東歸之路，蓋由今<span class="zhuanming">吐魯番</span>過<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>入<span class="zhuanming">嘉峪關</span>，東趨行在”云云。這一推斷不甚可靠。第一，據《元史》卷一二一《按竺邇傳》，自<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>置驛抵<span class="zhuanming">玉門</span>以通西域在一二二八年。<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代於<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>置驛以通西域，主要爲的是通<span class="zhuanming">和闐</span>一帶，並不是通<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>以來從<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>出<span class="zhuanming">玉門關</span>以至<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>的這一條路久已湮廢。第二，《元史》卷一八○《耶律希亮傳》，説<span class="zhuanming">希亮</span>於一二六三年東歸，從今<span class="zhuanming">庫車</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吐魯番</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">哈密</span>過沙漠以還。可見就是<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>驛路通了，從<span class="zhuanming">吐魯番</span>東歸的人也是走的<span class="zhuanming">哈密</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安西</span>一條路，何況未通之前？</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>東歸之路大致如此。《西遊録》所記<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>南北諸城之故，由此亦可以明白大概了。</span> </p><p> <span>從<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>以西，進入今<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯中亞</span>諸共和國境内。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>當時遊踪所及，不出<span class="zhuanming">伊犂河</span>以西<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">塔拉斯河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>一帶地方。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">昭武九姓</span>也在這裏。<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征以前，<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>南北原屬<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>。<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>的疆域西迄<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>一帶。其後<span class="zhuanming">乃蠻</span>的<span class="zhuanming">屈出律</span>與<span class="zhuanming">花剌子模</span>合謀滅了<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>。<span class="zhuanming">屈出律</span>據有<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>南北以及<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>流域，而<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>流域以及兩河上游都歸<span class="zhuanming">花剌子模</span>所有。一二一八年<span class="zhuanming">屈出律</span>既爲<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>所殺，<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>南北<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>流域俱歸<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>。一二一九年<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征，主要是攻打<span class="zhuanming">花<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-P00008','1293356',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P8</span></i>剌子模</span>。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>跟隨<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>轉戰諸地，並曾在<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思城</span>當過管理屯田的<span class="zhuanming">河中</span><span class="zhuanming">蒙</span>民子弟的官。他在<span class="zhuanming">撒馬爾罕</span>住的時間比較長，<span class="zhuanming">撒馬爾罕</span>在《西遊録》中作<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>，<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>建都於此，稱爲<span class="zhuanming">河中府</span>。《西遊録》自<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬</span>以西歷舉<span class="zhuanming">亦列河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虎司窩魯朶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">苦盞城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">八普城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">可傘城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芭欖城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">訛打剌城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蒲華城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿謀河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">五里犍城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">斑城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摶城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黑色印度</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">可弗叉</span>國等地名。其中大部分是<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>曾經目識親覽之地，一小部分得之傳聞。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">亦列河</span>就是<span class="zhuanming">伊犂河</span>。自<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span>西行過<span class="zhuanming">伊犂河</span>以後的第一個城市是<span class="zhuanming">虎司窩魯朶</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>舊都。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>當日從哪裏渡過<span class="zhuanming">伊犂河</span>，不得而知。據《元朝秘史》和《西遊記》，<span class="zhuanming">虎司</span><span class="zhuanming">窩魯朶</span>在<span class="zhuanming">吹河</span>（卽今<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>）南岸，一般認爲卽<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">裴羅將軍城</span>，有人以爲就是現在的<span class="zhuanming">托克馬克城</span>。根據《唐書·地理志》引<span class="zhuanming">賈耽</span>《皇華四達記》以及《長春真人西遊記》，從<span class="zhuanming">伊犂河</span>至<span class="zhuanming">虎司窩魯朶</span>要過山越谷，出谷後渡過<span class="zhuanming">吹河</span>始至。這裏的山谷是<span class="zhuanming">外伊犂山脈</span>舊稱<span class="zhuanming">亞歷山大山脈</span>的西端。自此而西至<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思</span>城，今圖作<span class="zhuanming">塔拉斯</span>城，舊名<span class="zhuanming">奥里阿塔城</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">塔拉斯河</span>南岸。七五一年<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>朝<span class="zhuanming">高仙芝</span>和<span class="zhuanming">大食</span>戰於<span class="zhuanming">怛羅斯</span>，亦卽在此。<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>大軍攻破<span class="zhuanming">河中府</span>後，徙<span class="zhuanming">河中</span>豪民子弟四百人至此屯田，並委<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>負管理之責，所以<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>曾在<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思</span>城住過一些時候。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>是隨從<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征的，他的詩裏經常説“牢落十年扈御營”，“西征萬里扈鑾輿”，可以證明。<a class="zhuhao" href="#421" id="420">（1）</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#420" id="421">（1）</a>《前言》原稿到此爲止，似爲<span class="zhuanming">向達</span>先生未完之作。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv38541" key="38541"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1293354">西遊録</a> &gt; 序 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv72746" key="72746"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-Q00001','1293357',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000123"><b>序</b></p><p> <span>古君子南逾大嶺，西出<span class="zhuanming">陽關</span>，雖壯夫志士，不無銷黯。予奉詔西行數萬里，確乎不動心者，無他術焉，蓋汪洋法海涵養之效也。故述《辨邪論》以斥<span class="zhuanming">糠𧕏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#432" id="422">（1）</a>，少答佛恩。戊子，<a class="zhuhao" href="#433" id="423">（2）</a>馳傳來京，里人問異域事，慮煩應對，遂著《西遊録》以見予志。其間頗涉三聖人教正邪之辨。有譏予之好辨者。予應之曰：《魯語》有云：“必也正名乎！”又云：“思無邪。”<a class="zhuhao" href="#434" id="424">（3）</a>是正邪之辨不可廢也。夫<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨翟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">田駢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許行</span>之術，<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>氏之邪也。西域九十六種<a class="zhuhao" href="#435" id="425">（4）</a>，此方<span class="zhuanming">毗盧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">糠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瓢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">白蓮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">香會</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#436" id="426">（5）</a>之徒，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>氏之邪也。<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">混元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太一</span>﹑三<span class="zhuanming">張</span>左道<a class="zhuhao" href="#437" id="427">（6）</a>之術，<span class="zhuanming">老</span>氏之邪也。至於黄白金丹導引服餌<a class="zhuhao" href="#438" id="428">（7）</a>之屬，是皆方技之異端，亦非<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>之正道。疇昔禁斷，明著典常。第以國家創業，崇尚寬仁，是致僞妄滋彰，未及辨正耳。古者<span class="zhuanming">嬴秦</span>燔經坑儒，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>之<span class="zhuanming">韓</span>氏排斥<span class="zhuanming">釋老</span>，辨之邪也。<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>闢<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨</span>，予之黜<span class="zhuanming">糠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">丘</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#439" id="429">（8）</a>，辨之正也。予將刊行之，雖三聖人復生，必不易此説矣。己丑<a class="zhuhao" href="#440" id="430">（9）</a>元日<span class="zhuanming">湛然居士</span><span class="zhuanming">漆水移剌（楚才）</span><span class="zhuanming">晉卿</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#441" id="431">（10）</a>叙。</span> </p>注：          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#422" id="432">（1）</a>《辨邪論》是<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>所作，爲駁斥<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>禪宗中<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>，即此處所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-Q00002','1293357',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i>云<span class="zhuanming">糠𧕏</span>的一本書，參看注（5）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#423" id="433">（2）</a>戊子爲公元一二二六年，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>死於是年，<span class="zhuanming">拖雷</span>監國。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>因爲<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>盗案，奉命趕至<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>按問。馳傳，卽按着驛站規定，兼程前進的意思。那時候<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>三十九歲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#424" id="434">（3）</a>《魯語》卽指《論語》。“必也正名乎”，見《論語·子路篇》。“思無邪”，見《論語·爲政篇》。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#425" id="435">（4）</a>古代<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>思想龐雜，教派繁興，<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>中人自以爲正宗，其餘都是外道，概括爲九十六種。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#426" id="436">（5）</a><span class="zhuanming">金</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">元</span>之際，<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>各種派别一時並起。這裏所舉的<span class="zhuanming">毗盧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">糠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瓢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">白蓮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">香會</span>，都是<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>中的别派。<span class="zhuanming">毗盧</span>一派見《金史》卷九《章宗本紀》<span class="zhuanming">明昌</span>元年十一月條，與<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">五行</span>同在禁罷之列。餘無可攷。<span class="zhuanming">香會</span>據説是三月二十八日<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>祭<span class="zhuanming">岳廟</span>，民間組織香會，男婦跪拜，行者塞路，口呼佛號，聲振天地，名曰拜香。這是否卽是此處所指的<span class="zhuanming">香會</span>，不得而知。<span class="zhuanming">白蓮</span>，《湛然居士文集》作“白經”，兹依<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>鈔本仍作<span class="zhuanming">白蓮</span>。<span class="zhuanming">白蓮</span>當卽指後來的<span class="zhuanming">白蓮教</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">元</span>末及<span class="zhuanming">明</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">清</span>兩代的農民起義運動中曾起過很大的組織作用。<span class="zhuanming">糠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瓢</span>是禪宗中的兩個流派。大約也起於<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代。《金史》卷八《世宗本紀》：“<span class="zhuanming">大定</span>二十八年（公元一一八六）十月乙丑，禁<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瓢禪</span>，其停止之家抵罪。”<span class="zhuanming">瓢禪</span>後來的情形不甚了了。<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>一派並未禁絶，到了<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代似乎很盛。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>寫的《糠孽教民十無益論序》裏説“市井工商之徒信糠者十居四五”，由此可見一斑。不僅市井工商之徒，當時的士大夫信<span class="zhuanming">糠</span>的也不少。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>是一個<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>徒，是<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代<span class="zhuanming">萬松老人</span>的弟子，以護法自居，大闢其<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>。<span class="zhuanming">萬松</span>寫有《糠禪賦》，另一講主寫《糠孽教民十無益論》，都是駁斥<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>之作。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>除了替這兩本書寫序而外，自己寫了一本《辨邪論》。《辨邪論》﹑《糠禪賦》﹑《十無益論》諸書今俱不傳。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>《文集》裏存有《辨邪論序》﹑《十無益論序》以及《寄趙元帥君瑞書》，都是與駁斥<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>有關的文章。《寄趙元帥書》説到<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>，以爲：</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-Q00003','1293357',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu">夫<span class="zhuanming">糠𧕏</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">釋教</span>之外道也。此曹毁像謗法，斥僧滅教，棄布施之方，杜懺悔之路，不救疾苦，敗壞孝風。實傷教化之甚者也。昔<span class="zhuanming">劉紙衣</span>扇僞説以惑衆，迨今百年，未嘗聞奇人異士羽翼其説者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">關於<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>的史料，大約以<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>《文集》所記爲最重要。據上面所引，<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>的宗旨對於<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>中的像設崇拜，教義種種，一概排斥，是禪宗中最激烈最單純的一派。因爲排斥一切教義教儀，簡單明瞭，易於爲“市井工商”接受，對於咬文嚼字的<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>徒，特别是正統派的禪宗，不能不起而闢之，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>之攻擊<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>和<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>闢<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨</span>自況，其故在此。這裏提到的<span class="zhuanming">劉紙衣</span>，大概是創立<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>的人。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>《寄趙元帥書》寫於一二八五年以後，距離<span class="zhuanming">金世宗</span><span class="zhuanming">大定</span>二十八年禁止<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瓢禪</span>，正好是一百年左右。故<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>當起於<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代。<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>在<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">王禕</span>的《青巖叢録》裏又作七祖<span class="zhuanming">康禪</span>之教。其傳授源流無可考。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#427" id="437">（6）</a>此處所舉<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">混元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太一</span>﹑三<span class="zhuanming">張</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>以爲都是<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>中的左道，是“<span class="zhuanming">老</span>氏之邪”。<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">混元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太一</span>諸派大都創立於<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代。<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>派的教祖<span class="zhuanming">王喆</span>號<span class="zhuanming">重陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">大道派</span>教祖<span class="zhuanming">劉德仁</span>號<span class="zhuanming">無憂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">滄州</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">太一</span>派教祖<span class="zhuanming">蕭抱珍</span>，賜號<span class="zhuanming">一悟</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衞州</span>人。因爲他們都是大河以北的人，所以一般又稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">河北</span>新<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>。關於<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太一</span>諸派，可參看《元史·釋老傳》﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳銘珪</span>《長春道教源流》和<span class="zhuanming">陳垣</span>的《南宋初河北新道教考》。《新道教考》詳考<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太一</span>三派，材料最爲豐富。<span class="zhuanming">混元派</span>在<span class="zhuanming">金章宗</span><span class="zhuanming">明昌</span>元二年間（公元一一九○至一一九一），和<span class="zhuanming">全真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太一</span>以及<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>中的<span class="zhuanming">毗盧</span>派同遭禁止，見《金史》卷九《章宗本紀》。<span class="zhuanming">元</span>以後的情況不甚了了。三<span class="zhuanming">張</span>，<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>抄本作主張，兹依《文集》。《魏書·釋老志》説“除去三<span class="zhuanming">張</span>僞法”，三<span class="zhuanming">張</span>指<span class="zhuanming">張陵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張魯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span>而言。這樣，在<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>的眼中，連<span class="zhuanming">龍虎山</span><span class="zhuanming">張天師</span>的<span class="zhuanming">正一派</span>也是左道，<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>可以説是全完了。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#428" id="438">（7）</a>黄白金丹導引服餌，都是古代<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>中的一些迷惑人的東西。黄白之術是用藥物鍊出黄金白銀，故曰黄白。金丹指長生不老的仙<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-Q00004','1293357',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i>丹。導引指静坐氣功一類的工夫。服餌是配製藥物服用以後可以延年益壽，如<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時代一些人之服寒食散，卽其一例。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#429" id="439">（8）</a>黜<span class="zhuanming">糠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>，卽駁斥<span class="zhuanming">糠禪</span>和<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>，這是<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>作《西遊録》的主要宗旨。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#430" id="440">（9）</a>己丑爲公元一二二九年，<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span><span class="zhuanming">太宗</span><span class="zhuanming">窩闊台</span>卽位之元年。其時<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>四十歲，<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>死於公元一二二七年丁亥，在《西遊録》成書前三年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#431" id="441">（10）</a><span class="zhuanming">移剌</span>亦卽<span class="zhuanming">耶律</span>，譯<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>字有不同而已。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>是<span class="zhuanming">遼東丹王</span>的八世孫，老家住在<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>的<span class="zhuanming">毉無</span><span class="zhuanming">閭山</span>之下。<span class="zhuanming">漆水</span>無可考</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#443" id="442">〔一〕</a></span><span class="font12 zhu">，<span class="zhuanming">張慰西</span>《湛然居士年譜》以爲<span class="zhuanming">漆水</span>可能是<span class="zhuanming">遼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">金</span>時代<span class="zhuanming">大凌河</span>的别名。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>曾從<span class="zhuanming">萬松老人</span>釋<span class="zhuanming">行秀</span>學道三年，<span class="zhuanming">萬松</span>予以法號爲<span class="zhuanming">湛然居士</span><span class="zhuanming">從源</span>。<span class="zhuanming">湛然居士</span>是道號，<span class="zhuanming">從源</span>是法名。所以《西遊録》題<span class="zhuanming">湛然居士</span><span class="zhuanming">從源</span>著。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#442" id="443">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">漆水</span>，《金史·地理志》<span class="zhuanming">利州</span><span class="zhuanming">龍山縣</span>有<span class="zhuanming">漆河鎮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漆水</span>或指此。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">陳得芝</span>補注。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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目録
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv72338" key="72338"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1293354">西遊録</a> &gt; 目録 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv72740" key="72740"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-N00001','1296568',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p style="text-indent:NaNpx;">目録</p><p style="text-indent:56px;">出版説明<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">1</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">前言<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">1</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">序<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">1</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">《西遊録》上<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">1</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">《西遊録》下<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">13</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">附録：陶宗儀《南村輟耕録》卷一○記丘真人<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;"><span class="song">23</span></span></p></div></div></div>
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<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv35737" key="35737"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1293354">西遊録</a> &gt; 上 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv43468" key="43468"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00001','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000125"><b>西遊録</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">湛然居士　從源　著</span> </p><p class="font18" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000126"><b>上</b></p><p> <span>戊寅<a class="zhuhao" href="#492" id="444">（1）</a>之春，三月既望，詔徵<span class="zhuanming">湛然居士</span>扈從西遊。迨天兵旋旆，丁亥<a class="zhuhao" href="#493" id="445">（2）</a>之冬，奉詔搜索經籍，馳驛來<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>。既已更拂<a class="zhuhao" href="#456" id="446">〔1〕</a>，有客惠然而來，率爾而問曰：“居士之西遊也，不知其幾千里邪。西遊之事，可得聞乎？”</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：予始發<span class="zhuanming">永安</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#494" id="447">（3）</a>，過<span class="zhuanming">居庸</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#495" id="448">（4）</a>，歷<span class="zhuanming">武川</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#496" id="449">（5）</a>，出<span class="zhuanming">雲中</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#498" id="450">（6）</a>之右，抵<span class="zhuanming">天山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#499" id="451">（7）</a>之北，涉大磧，逾沙漠<a class="zhuhao" href="#457" id="452">〔二〕</a>。未浹十旬，已達行在<a class="zhuhao" href="#500" id="453">（8）</a>。山川相繆，鬱乎蒼蒼。車帳如雲，將士如雨，馬牛被野，兵甲赫天，煙火相望，連營萬里，千古之盛，未嘗有也。</span> </p><p> <span>越明年<a class="zhuhao" href="#502" id="454">（9）</a>，天兵大舉西伐，道過<span class="zhuanming">金山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#503" id="455">（10）</a>。時方盛夏，山峰飛雪，積冰千尺許。上命斵冰爲道以度師。<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>之泉無慮千百，松檜參天，花草彌谷。從山巔望之，羣峰競秀，亂壑争流，真雄</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00002','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i> <span>觀也。自<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>而西，水皆西流，入於西海。噫，天之限東西者乎！</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#446" id="456">〔1〕</a>更拂，<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>録<span class="zhuanming">神田</span>鈔本作“拂更”。——一九八○年二月<span class="zhuanming">張廣達</span>補注。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#452" id="457">〔二〕</a>《湛然居士文集》二有《過天山周敬之席上和人韻》﹑《過沙井和移剌子春韻》等詩，知其行程爲：越<span class="zhuanming">大青山</span>（<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>）後，經<span class="zhuanming">净州</span>（<span class="zhuanming">天山縣</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">四子王旗</span>西北<span class="zhuanming">净州</span>古城）﹑<span class="zhuanming">沙井</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">達爾罕茂明安旗</span>東北<span class="zhuanming">薩其廟</span>附近古城），然後入蹟，與<span class="zhuanming">彭大雅</span>《黑鞑事略》所載行徑相同。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">陳得芝</span>補注。</span></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">金山</span>之南隅有<span class="zhuanming">回鶻</span>城，名曰<span class="zhuanming">别石把</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#504" id="458">（11）</a>，有<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>碑，所謂<span class="zhuanming">瀚海軍</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#507" id="459">（12）</a>者也。<span class="zhuanming">瀚海</span>去城西北數百里。海中有嶼，嶼上皆禽鳥所落羽毛也。城之西二百餘里有<span class="zhuanming">輪台縣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>碑在焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#508" id="460">（13）</a>。城之南五百里有<span class="zhuanming">和州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>之<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>也。亦名<span class="zhuanming">伊州</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#510" id="461">（14）</a>。<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>之西三四千里有<span class="zhuanming">五端城</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>之<span class="zhuanming">于闐國</span>也。出烏白玉之二河在焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#511" id="462">（15）</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>既過<span class="zhuanming">瀚海軍</span>千餘里，有<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#513" id="463">（16）</a>，附庸之邑三五。<span class="zhuanming">不剌</span>之南有<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#514" id="464">（17）</a>，東西千里，南北二百里。其山之頂有圓池，周圍七八十里許<a class="zhuhao" href="#515" id="465">（18）</a>。既過圓池，南下皆林檎木，樹陰蓊翳，不露日色。既出<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>，有<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#516" id="466">（19）</a>。西人目林檎曰阿里馬，附郭皆林檎園囿，由此名焉。附庸城邑八九。多蒲桃梨果。播種五穀，一如中原。</span> </p><p> <span>又西有大河曰<span class="zhuanming">亦列</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#518" id="467">（20）</a>。河之西有城曰<span class="zhuanming">虎司窩魯朶</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>之都也<a class="zhuhao" href="#519" id="468">（21）</a>。附庸城邑數十。</span> </p><p> <span>又西數百里有<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#524" id="469">（22）</a>。又西南四百餘里有<span class="zhuanming">苦盞城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">八普城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">可傘城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芭欖城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#525" id="470">（23）</a>。<span class="zhuanming">苦盞</span>多石榴，其大如拱，甘而差酸，凡三五枚，絞汁得盂許，渴中之尤物也。<span class="zhuanming">芭欖城</span>邊皆芭欖園，故以名焉。芭欖花如杏而微淡，葉如桃而差小。每冬季而華，夏盛而實，狀類匾桃，肉不堪食，唯取其核。<span class="zhuanming">八普城</span>西瓜大者五十斤，長耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#531" id="471">（24）</a>僅負二枚，其味甘涼可愛。</span> </p><p> <span>又<span class="zhuanming">苦盞</span>之西北五百里有<span class="zhuanming">訛打剌城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#532" id="472">（25）</a>，附庸城十數。此城渠酋嘗殺大朝使命數人﹑賈人百數，盡有其財貨。西伐之意始由此耳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00003','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">訛打剌</span>之西千里餘有大城曰<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>。<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>者西人云肥也，以地土肥饒故名之。<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>名是城曰<span class="zhuanming">河中府</span>，以瀕河故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#534" id="473">（26）</a>。<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>甚富庶。用金銅錢，無孔郭。百物皆以權平之<a class="zhuhao" href="#535" id="474">（27）</a>。環郭數十里皆園林也。家必有園，園必成趣，率飛渠走泉，方池圓沼，柏柳相接，桃李連延亦一時之勝㮣也。瓜大者如馬首許，長可以容狐。八穀中無黍糯大豆，餘皆有之。盛夏無雨，引河以激。率二畝收鍾許。釀以蒲桃，味如<span class="zhuanming">中山</span>九醖。頗有桑，鮮能蠶者，故絲蠒絶難，皆服屈眴<a class="zhuhao" href="#536" id="475">（28）</a>。土人以白衣爲吉色，以青衣爲喪服，故皆衣白。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>之西六七百里有<span class="zhuanming">蒲華城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#537" id="476">（29）</a>，土産更饒，城邑稍多。<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">謀速魯蠻</span>種落梭里檀所都者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#538" id="477">（30）</a>。<span class="zhuanming">蒲華</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">苦盞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">訛打剌城</span>皆隸焉。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">蒲華</span>之西有大河名曰<span class="zhuanming">阿謀</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#540" id="478">（31）</a>，稍劣<span class="zhuanming">黄河</span>，西入於大海。是河之西有<span class="zhuanming">五里犍城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#541" id="479">（32）</a>，梭里檀之母后所居者也。富庶又盛於<span class="zhuanming">蒲華</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>又西瀕大河有<span class="zhuanming">斑城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#542" id="480">（33）</a>者頗富盛。又西有<span class="zhuanming">摶城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#543" id="481">（34）</a>者亦壯麗。城中多漆器，皆<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>題識。</span> </p><p> <span>自此而西直抵<span class="zhuanming">黑色印度城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#544" id="482">（35）</a>。其國人亦有文字，與佛國字體聲音不同。國中佛像甚多。國人不屠牛羊，但飲其乳。風俗夫先亡者，其室家同荼毗<a class="zhuhao" href="#545" id="483">（36）</a>之。詢詰佛國，反指東南隅。校之以理，此國非正北<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>，乃<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>北鄙之邊民也。土人不識雪。歲二穫麥。盛夏置錫器於沙中，尋卽鎔鑠，馬糞墮地爲之沸溢，月光射人如中原之夏日，遇夜人輒避暑於月之陰。此國之南有大河，闊如<span class="zhuanming">黄河</span>，冷於冰雪，湍流猛峻。從此微西而來，注於<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00004','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i>正南稍東而去，以意測之，必注入<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>也。又土多甘蔗，廣如禾黍，土人絞取其液，釀之爲酒，熬之成糖<a class="zhuhao" href="#546" id="484">（37）</a>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">黑色印度</span>之西北有<span class="zhuanming">可弗叉國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#547" id="485">（38）</a>。數千里皆平川，無復丘垤。吁，可怪也！不立城邑，民多羊馬。以蜜爲釀，味與中原不殊。此國晝長夜促，羊胛<a class="zhuhao" href="#548" id="486">（39）</a>適熟，日已復出矣。正符《唐史》所載<span class="zhuanming">骨利幹國</span>事，但國名不同耳。豈非歲遠時久，語音訛舛邪？<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>去中原幾二萬里，<span class="zhuanming">印度國</span>去<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>又等，<span class="zhuanming">可弗叉國</span>去<span class="zhuanming">印度國</span>亦等。雖縈迂曲折，不爲不遠矣，不知其幾萬里也。</span> </p><p> <span>歲在涒灘<a class="zhuhao" href="#549" id="487">（40）</a>，天兵振旅。以<span class="zhuanming">西夏</span>失信背盟，丙戌<a class="zhuhao" href="#550" id="488">（41）</a>之春二月，六師迭進，一鼓而下之，獨夫就戮，萬姓懷安。<span class="zhuanming">沙州</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瓜州</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#551" id="489">（42）</a>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>所置也。<span class="zhuanming">肅州</span>卽<span class="zhuanming">鄯善</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#552" id="490">（43）</a>也。<span class="zhuanming">甘州</span>卽<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">靈州</span>卽<span class="zhuanming">靈武</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#553" id="491">（44）</a>也。噫！天涯海角，人所不到，亦一段奇事。予之西遊也，所見大略如此。</span> </p>注：          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#444" id="492">（1）</a>戊寅爲<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span><span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>十三年，公元一二一八年。第二年卽公元一二一九年，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>發兵攻西域。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#445" id="493">（2）</a><span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>十九年卽公元一二二四年，回師東歸進攻<span class="zhuanming">西夏</span>。丁亥是<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>二十二年，公元一二二七年，<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>是年返回<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#447" id="494">（3）</a><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>在<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>，家住今<span class="zhuanming">北京</span>西北<span class="zhuanming">香山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">玉泉山</span>之間。<span class="zhuanming">遼宣宗</span><span class="zhuanming">耶律淳</span>葬於<span class="zhuanming">香山</span>，陵名<span class="zhuanming">永安</span>。<span class="zhuanming">金</span>建<span class="zhuanming">香山寺</span>，命名<span class="zhuanming">大永安寺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>代其地猶名<span class="zhuanming">永安村</span>。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>家在此，故《寄妹》詩有“三十年前寓<span class="zhuanming">永安</span>”之句。此處始發<span class="zhuanming">永安</span>，亦卽自<span class="zhuanming">北京</span>出發之意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#448" id="495">（4）</a><span class="zhuanming">居庸</span>卽今<span class="zhuanming">居庸關</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00005','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P5</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#449" id="496">（5）</a><span class="zhuanming">武川</span>，當在今<span class="zhuanming">内蒙古自治區</span>的<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>縣境</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#505" id="497">〔一〕</a></span><span class="font12 zhu">。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#450" id="498">（6）</a><span class="zhuanming">雲中</span>卽今<span class="zhuanming">山西省</span><span class="zhuanming">大同市</span>境。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#451" id="499">（7）</a>這裏的<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>指今<span class="zhuanming">内蒙古自治區</span><span class="zhuanming">呼和浩特市</span>北的<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">大青山</span>。<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">元</span>時代在<span class="zhuanming">淨州路</span>置<span class="zhuanming">天山縣</span>，卽因山得名。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>由<span class="zhuanming">北京</span>出<span class="zhuanming">居庸關</span>經今<span class="zhuanming">大同</span>以西<span class="zhuanming">呼和浩特</span>北面的<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>，越<span class="zhuanming">大青山</span>，過山北的沙漠。下面所説涉大磧逾沙漠，卽指<span class="zhuanming">大青山</span>北面的一片沙漠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#453" id="500">（8）</a>當時的行在，在今<span class="zhuanming">蒙古人民共和國</span><span class="zhuanming">肯特省</span>的<span class="zhuanming">克魯倫河</span>畔。其時尚未建立<span class="zhuanming">和林</span>，故<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>至此謁見<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#506" id="501">〔二〕</a></span><span class="font12 zhu">。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#454" id="502">（9）</a>卽己卯年，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>十四年，公元一二一九年。這一年的六月，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>進攻西域<span class="zhuanming">花剌子模</span>。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>於是年隨大軍西行。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#455" id="503">（10）</a><span class="zhuanming">金山</span>指<span class="zhuanming">阿爾泰山</span>，古代稱爲<span class="zhuanming">金微山</span>，緜亘於<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>東部和北部，爲<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>和<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>的界山。<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>大軍自<span class="zhuanming">和林</span>出發西行，一定得越過<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>。公元九一年<span class="zhuanming">北匈奴</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>所敗，越<span class="zhuanming">金微山</span>西去的<span class="zhuanming">金微山</span>，也是此山。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#458" id="504">（11）</a><span class="zhuanming">别石把</span>，《長春真人西遊記》作<span class="zhuanming">鱉思馬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">歐陽玄</span>作<span class="zhuanming">别失八</span>，《元史·地理志·西北地附録》作<span class="zhuanming">别失八里</span>，<span class="zhuanming">耶律鑄</span>《雙溪醉隱集》作<span class="zhuanming">伯什巴里</span>。<span class="zhuanming">耶律鑄</span>説<span class="zhuanming">伯什巴里</span>是<span class="zhuanming">突厥</span>語，“伯什，<span class="zhuanming">華</span>言五也；巴里，<span class="zhuanming">華</span>言城也”。意爲五城。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代<span class="zhuanming">北庭都護府</span>治所在此，故一名<span class="zhuanming">庭州</span>，又名<span class="zhuanming">金滿</span>。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00006','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P6</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">清</span>代在此置<span class="zhuanming">孚遠縣</span>。當地稱爲<span class="zhuanming">濟木薩</span>，今名<span class="zhuanming">吉木薩爾</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">烏魯木齊</span>以東。<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">李文田</span>以此爲<span class="zhuanming">烏魯木齊</span>，是錯誤的，今從<span class="zhuanming">徐松</span>《漢書西域傳補注》説。</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#497" id="505">〔一〕</a>《西遊録》中之<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>，似不應在今<span class="zhuanming">内蒙古</span><span class="zhuanming">武川縣</span>。今<span class="zhuanming">武川縣</span>在<span class="zhuanming">大青山</span>之北，雖爲<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">武川鎮</span>地，但<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>以來卽不用此名。<span class="zhuanming">金代</span>此置<span class="zhuanming">净州</span>，附郭<span class="zhuanming">天山縣</span>，詩文中或單稱<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>，未當作<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>也。《西遊録》中之<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>，應爲今<span class="zhuanming">河北</span><span class="zhuanming">宣德</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後晉</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">武州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遼</span>改<span class="zhuanming">歸化州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">大定</span>中更名<span class="zhuanming">宣化州</span>，復更名<span class="zhuanming">宣德州</span>。《湛然居士文集》七有《寄武川摩訶院圓明老人詩》有云：“只知長謁<span class="zhuanming">摩訶院</span>，誰道曾離<span class="zhuanming">歸化城</span>。”可證<span class="zhuanming">武川</span>卽<span class="zhuanming">歸化城</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">遼</span><span class="zhuanming">歸化州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">宣德州</span>城也。<span class="zhuanming">摩訶院</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">宣德州</span>佛刹之一。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">陳得芝</span>補注。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#501" id="506">〔二〕</a>按當時<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>的大斡耳朶在今<span class="zhuanming">克魯倫河</span>上游與<span class="zhuanming">臣赫爾河</span>合流處之西。另有一斡耳朶在<span class="zhuanming">秃兀剌河</span>之<span class="zhuanming">黑林</span>，其地在今<span class="zhuanming">烏蘭巴托</span>南，<span class="zhuanming">土拉河</span>南岸的<span class="zhuanming">昭莫多</span>（<span class="zhuanming">蒙</span>語，義爲百樹），一二一六年，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>大會諸將於此。未知<span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>所到的是哪一個斡耳朶。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">陳得芝</span>補注。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#459" id="507">（12）</a>據新﹑舊《唐書·地理志》，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">武后</span><span class="zhuanming">長安</span>二年（公元七○二年）置<span class="zhuanming">瀚海軍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">開元</span>中<span class="zhuanming">蓋嘉運</span>增築，卽在<span class="zhuanming">北庭都護府</span>城内。至於下面<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>所云海中有嶼云云，係得自傳聞，不應爲據。<span class="zhuanming">瀚海</span>就是城北面以至<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>的一片大戈壁。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#460" id="508">（13）</a>這裏的<span class="zhuanming">輪台縣</span>，當在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">阜康縣</span>。<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>距<span class="zhuanming">别石把</span>，《西遊録》作二百餘里，《長春真人西遊記》作三百餘里，疑都是大概的數目。據<span class="zhuanming">徐松</span>《西域水道記》卷三，自<span class="zhuanming">阜康</span>東行至<span class="zhuanming">濟木薩</span>凡二百四十里。《西遊録》説在<span class="zhuanming">别石把</span>和<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>都有<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>碑。《西遊記》只説<span class="zhuanming">鼈思馬</span>有<span class="zhuanming">龍興寺</span>二石刻在。《西域水道記》提到<span class="zhuanming">保惠城</span>北<span class="zhuanming">護堡子</span>破城有<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">金滿縣</span>殘碑﹑<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>造像碣。都没有説<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>也有<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>碑</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#512" id="509">〔一〕</a></span><span class="font12 zhu">。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#461" id="510">（14）</a><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">伊州</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">伊吾盧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伊吾</span>，近代的<span class="zhuanming">哈密</span>。至於<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>十四年（公元六四○）爲<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>所滅後，改置<span class="zhuanming">西州</span>。此處<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>誤。<span class="zhuanming">和州</span>，亦名<span class="zhuanming">火州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">哈剌火州</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">合剌火者</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>譯音。後代亦稱此爲<span class="zhuanming">哈喇哈卓</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">哈剌火州</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">合剌火者</span>同。<span class="zhuanming">和州</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">火州</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">火者</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">哈卓</span>，因時代﹑因不同的民族而有異。這一稱爲<span class="zhuanming">和州</span>的<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>古都，在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">吐魯番</span>城東南約六十里的<span class="zhuanming">三堡</span>，猶存城堞及古建築遺蹟。至於<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">高昌壁</span><span class="zhuanming">交河郡</span>則在今<span class="zhuanming">吐魯番</span>城西二十里的<span class="zhuanming">雅兒湖</span>地方。<span class="zhuanming">吐魯番</span>地極炎熱，故<span class="zhuanming">火州</span>一名譯音又並譯義，語意雙關。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#462" id="511">（15）</a><span class="zhuanming">五端</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代又稱爲<span class="zhuanming">斡端</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>稱爲<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>，<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>稱爲<span class="zhuanming">于遁</span>，諸胡稱爲<span class="zhuanming">豁旦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>稱爲<span class="zhuanming">屈丹</span>，後代譯作<span class="zhuanming">和闐</span>，卽今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>的<span class="zhuanming">和田</span>。所謂出烏白玉之二河，卽一名<span class="zhuanming">墨玉河</span>的<span class="zhuanming">喀拉喀什河</span>和一名<span class="zhuanming">白玉河</span>的<span class="zhuanming">玉龍</span></span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00007','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P7</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">喀什河</span>，兩條河合起來成爲<span class="zhuanming">和闐河</span>。</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#509" id="512">〔一〕</a>按<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>有二，一爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>代置使者校尉以營屯田之地，其地在<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>之南，據<span class="zhuanming">徐松</span>《西域水道記》，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>代其地稱<span class="zhuanming">策特爾軍台</span>。一在今<span class="zhuanming">烏魯木齊</span>附近，治所或許在今<span class="zhuanming">烏魯木齊</span>北之<span class="zhuanming">米泉縣</span>境，大概到不了今<span class="zhuanming">阜康縣</span>境。文中之<span class="zhuanming">輪台</span>，當指後者。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">張廣達</span>補注。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#463" id="513">（16）</a>這裏的<span class="zhuanming">不剌城</span>，屢見於當時的西域史書和行紀之中。其地在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">艾比湖</span>西面的<span class="zhuanming">博樂縣</span>境内。也就是<span class="zhuanming">劉郁</span>《西使記》内的<span class="zhuanming">孛羅城</span>，湖在城北，在<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代爲東西往來的一個衝要地方。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#464" id="514">（17）</a><span class="zhuanming">元</span>朝人常常稱<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>的<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>，而稱<span class="zhuanming">内蒙</span>的<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">天山</span>，《西遊録》﹑《西遊記》中都是如此。這裏的<span class="zhuanming">陰山</span>指的是<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">天山山脈</span>西部<span class="zhuanming">婆羅科努山</span>的一部分。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#465" id="515">（18）</a>這裏的山頂圓池，<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">天池</span>，今稱爲<span class="zhuanming">賽里木湖</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#466" id="516">（19）</a>從<span class="zhuanming">賽里木湖</span>南下通過山峽，今名<span class="zhuanming">果子溝</span>，以峽中果木樹特别是野蘋果樹多，因而得名。林檎，北方稱爲沙菓，和蘋果是一類。<span class="zhuanming">果子溝</span>風景如畫，古今旅人到<span class="zhuanming">伊犁</span>去的經過此地都稱道不置。<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征經此，曾鑿石通道爲四十八橋，據説今尚存三十二橋，猶是當年遺蹟。由此出山有大城名爲<span class="zhuanming">阿里馬</span>，《元史·地理志·西北地附録》作<span class="zhuanming">阿力麻里</span>。這是<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代西域的一座名城，遺址所在，議論紛紜，大致在今<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">伊寧市</span>境内</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#522" id="517">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#467" id="518">（20）</a><span class="zhuanming">亦列</span>卽今<span class="zhuanming">伊犁河</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#468" id="519">（21）</a><span class="zhuanming">虎司窩魯朶</span>，在《長春真人西遊記》裏作<span class="zhuanming">大石林牙</span>。此外又作<span class="zhuanming">虎思斡耳朶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">骨斯訛魯朶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">谷則斡兒朶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">古徐兒國訛夷朶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">古續兒國訛夷朶</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">亦堵</span>，不一而足。西域史家稱此爲<span class="zhuanming">八喇沙袞</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#523" id="520">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">，<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>以爲就是《唐書·地理志》<span class="zhuanming">裴羅將軍城</span>的對音，<span class="zhuanming">耶律大石</span>西遷以後建立<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>，卽以此前朝舊城作爲他的國都。<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>史籍記載的是<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>的</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00008','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P8</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu">名稱，西域史籍記載的還是西域相傳的舊稱。城位於<span class="zhuanming">伊犁河</span>西<span class="zhuanming">楚河</span>的南岸。城西北四十里爲<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">碎葉城</span>。遺址所在今無可考</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#528" id="521">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">。</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#517" id="522">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿力麻里</span>當在今我國<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span><span class="zhuanming">霍城縣</span><span class="zhuanming">克干山</span>南麓。——一九八○年二月<span class="zhuanming">陳得芝</span>補注。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#520" id="523">〔二〕</a>關於<span class="zhuanming">虎思窩魯朶</span>，十一世紀我國<span class="zhuanming">新疆</span>著名學者<span class="zhuanming">馬哈茂德</span>·<span class="zhuanming">喀什噶里</span>之《突厥語詞匯》<span class="zhuanming">窩魯朶</span>條中，明確指出<span class="zhuanming">虎思窩魯朶</span>就是<span class="zhuanming">八剌沙袞</span>：“<span class="zhuanming">窩魯朶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">八剌沙袞</span>附近的城鎮。<span class="zhuanming">八剌沙袞</span>因此也稱爲<span class="zhuanming">虎思窝魯朶</span>。”（原抄本影印本，<span class="zhuanming">安卡拉</span>，一九四一年，第74頁倒3—2行：<span class="zhuanming">阿塔萊伊</span>刊本，第一卷，<span class="zhuanming">安卡拉</span>，一九三九年，第124頁）據近年<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯</span>考古發掘判斷，其地似在今<span class="zhuanming">托克瑪克</span>城東南十公里的<span class="zhuanming">布拉納</span>廢墟。——一九八○年二月<span class="zhuanming">張廣達</span>補注。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#469" id="524">（22）</a><span class="zhuanming">塔剌思城</span><span class="zhuanming">元</span>代又作<span class="zhuanming">塔賴寺</span>，就是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>代的<span class="zhuanming">怛羅斯</span>一作<span class="zhuanming">呾邏私城</span>，以位於<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思河</span>旁得名。由<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>都城<span class="zhuanming">虎司窩魯朶</span>至此，《西遊録》作數百里，《西遊記》作七八日，《新唐書·地理志》引<span class="zhuanming">賈耽</span>的《邊州入四夷道里》作三百五十里。一般認爲這就是現在<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯</span><span class="zhuanming">哈薩克共和國</span>境内舊名<span class="zhuanming">阿里阿塔</span>（Aulie-Ata）的<span class="zhuanming">江布爾</span>（Jambul）城。<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思</span>是古代<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>的一座重要城池，公元七五一年<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>朝<span class="zhuanming">高仙芝</span>和<span class="zhuanming">大食</span>戰争，也在這裏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#470" id="525">（23）</a><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>在這裏舉出<span class="zhuanming">苦盞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">八普</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">可傘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芭欖</span>四城。<span class="zhuanming">苦盞</span>卽西文地圖上的Khojend，今名<span class="zhuanming">列寧納巴德</span>（Leninabad），在<span class="zhuanming">塔吉克共和國</span>境内。<span class="zhuanming">可傘</span>卽Kasan，在<span class="zhuanming">烏兹别克共和國</span><span class="zhuanming">納曼干</span>（Namanghan）西北。<span class="zhuanming">八普</span>亦見《經世大典圖》，在<span class="zhuanming">浩罕</span>之南，不見今圖</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#529" id="526">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">。芭欖本是<span class="zhuanming">波斯</span>的一種杏子名稱的對音，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>譯亦作婆淡﹑八擔﹑巴旦，義譯爲偏桃。<span class="zhuanming">芭欖城</span>以盛産芭欖得名，或謂卽<span class="zhuanming">浩罕</span>與<span class="zhuanming">苦盞</span>之間的Kangi-badam城，義爲<span class="zhuanming">芭欖</span>城。而Khojend也是以出石榴馳名，與《西遊録》所記相合</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#530" id="527">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00009','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P9</span></i></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#521" id="528">〔一〕</a>關於<span class="zhuanming">碎葉城</span>遺址，近年學者根據<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯</span>考古發掘資料推斷，其地似在今<span class="zhuanming">托克瑪克城</span>西南八公里的<span class="zhuanming">阿克</span>·<span class="zhuanming">貝希姆</span>廢墟。首倡其説者爲<span class="zhuanming">英國</span><span class="zhuanming">突厥</span>學者<span class="zhuanming">克勞森</span>（G.Clauson），見所撰《阿克·貝希姆卽碎葉》一文，此説得到<span class="zhuanming">法國</span><span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>學者<span class="zhuanming">韓伯詩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯</span><span class="zhuanming">突厥</span>學者<span class="zhuanming">克里亞施托爾内</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">突厥</span>學者<span class="zhuanming">護雅夫</span>等人的贊同。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">張廣達</span>補注。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#526" id="529">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">八普</span>，當卽<span class="zhuanming">浩罕</span>東三十公里多之Bāb，今名Pap。其地西去<span class="zhuanming">苦盞</span>（Khojend）一萬十五公里。見<span class="zhuanming">巴托爾德</span>（Barthold）Turkistan down to the Mongol envasion，p.162。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">陳得芝</span>補注。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#527" id="530">〔三〕</a>諸城位於<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>右岸，參看九世紀<span class="zhuanming">阿拉伯</span>地理學家<span class="zhuanming">伊本</span>·<span class="zhuanming">忽爾達茲比赫</span>撰《道里與諸國志》，<span class="zhuanming">德古耶</span>刊《阿拉伯輿地叢書》第六卷第三○頁；十世紀<span class="zhuanming">波斯</span>佚名作者撰《世界疆域志》，<span class="zhuanming">米諾爾斯基英</span>譯箋証本，第七二——七三頁﹑一一七﹑三五五頁。——一九八○年二月<span class="zhuanming">張廣達</span>補注。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#471" id="531">（24）</a>長耳原作長者，據<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>校改。長耳卽驢也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#472" id="532">（25）</a><span class="zhuanming">訛打剌</span>（Otrar）是歷史上一座名城，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征的原因與此城有直接關係。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>此處所説只是<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>興兵的一個藉口而已。因爲<span class="zhuanming">訛打剌城</span>守將殺了<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>的使者和商人，<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>西征，首攻此城，主將爲<span class="zhuanming">察合台</span>和<span class="zhuanming">窩闊台</span>。攻破之後，“夷其城﹑殲其衆”，燒光殺絶。<span class="zhuanming">訛打剌城</span>就此荒廢了。<span class="zhuanming">訛打剌城</span>在今<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>東岸支流<span class="zhuanming">阿里斯河</span>入<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>的合流處附近，據説尚存遺址</span><span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#539" id="533">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#473" id="534">（26）</a><span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>，屬今<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯烏兹别克共和國</span>，現在的地圖上稱爲<span class="zhuanming">撒馬爾罕</span>。地望應在<span class="zhuanming">訛打剌城</span>的西南，此處脱一南字。<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>，《西遊記》作<span class="zhuanming">邪米思干</span>，《元祕史》作<span class="zhuanming">薛米思堅</span>，《大唐西域記》作<span class="zhuanming">颯秣建</span>，都指的一個地方。<span class="zhuanming">撒馬爾罕</span>古名<span class="zhuanming">邪米思干</span>（Semiscant），干字（kand或cant）在<span class="zhuanming">波斯</span>文中義爲城，尋思﹑邪米思﹑薛米思都是Semis的對音，源出<span class="zhuanming">突厥</span>語，義爲肥沃。<span class="zhuanming">西遼</span>都城原爲<span class="zhuanming">虎司窩魯朶</span>，後來又以<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>爲都城，建立東西二都。這裏所説的瀕河是<span class="zhuanming">澤拉夫善河</span>，城在河的南岸，<span class="zhuanming">河中府</span>因此得名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#474" id="535">（27）</a><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>留居西域時，在<span class="zhuanming">河中</span>住的時間最久，他寫的詩篇中與<span class="zhuanming">河中</span>有關的也最多。《西遊録》記<span class="zhuanming">河中</span>一段以及有關<span class="zhuanming">河中</span>諸詩，都是研究十三世紀初期<span class="zhuanming">撒馬兒罕</span>歷史的重要材料。像《文集》卷六的《西域河中十詠》“難穿無眼錢”﹑“食飯秤斤賣”等句，可作此處的注脚。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#475" id="536">（28）</a>屈眴卽指棉布。佛經中如《翻譯名義集》卷七《沙門服相篇》就提到屈眴，以爲是木棉花心織成的大細布。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#476" id="537">（29）</a><span class="zhuanming">蒲華</span>卽<span class="zhuanming">布哈拉</span>，在今<span class="zhuanming">蘇聯</span><span class="zhuanming">烏兹别克共和國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#477" id="538">（30）</a><span class="zhuanming">花剌子模</span>都城在<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>，所以這裏説<span class="zhuanming">謀速魯蠻</span>種落梭里檀所</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00010','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P10</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu">都。<span class="zhuanming">謀速魯蠻</span>種落有些書稱爲<span class="zhuanming">回回國</span>，梭里檀一作算灘。<span class="zhuanming">花剌子模</span>的算灘到後來經常住在<span class="zhuanming">蒲華城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>攻打<span class="zhuanming">河中</span>的時候，算灘正在<span class="zhuanming">蒲華</span>。</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#533" id="539">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">訛打剌</span>的廢墟遺址，位於<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>右岸，<span class="zhuanming">阿里斯河</span>注入<span class="zhuanming">錫爾河</span>附近。<span class="zhuanming">回</span>曆八○七年（公元一四○五年）<span class="zhuanming">帖木兒</span>卒於其地。在<span class="zhuanming">阿拉伯</span>地理文獻中其地又名Barab，Farab。——一九八○年一月<span class="zhuanming">張廣達</span>補注。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#478" id="540">（31）</a><span class="zhuanming">阿謀河</span>今圖作<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>。所謂入於大海，今圖大海應指<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>。不過在歷史上有一個時期<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>曾流入<span class="zhuanming">裏海</span>，到一五七五年始又改回舊道流入<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>。故這裏的大海，也可能爲<span class="zhuanming">裏海</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#479" id="541">（32）</a><span class="zhuanming">五里犍城</span>一作<span class="zhuanming">玉里犍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">玉龍傑赤</span>。今圖作<span class="zhuanming">烏爾堅奇</span>。古代的<span class="zhuanming">五里犍城</span>跨<span class="zhuanming">阿謀河</span>兩岸，一二二一年爲<span class="zhuanming">蒙古</span>所毁。今天的<span class="zhuanming">烏爾堅奇城</span>是後來新建的，所以一名<span class="zhuanming">葉尼烏爾堅奇</span>，義爲<span class="zhuanming">新烏爾堅奇城</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">基發</span>城北幾十里，爲一重要商業城市。舊<span class="zhuanming">五里犍城</span>在新城西北二百餘里，名爲<span class="zhuanming">庫尼亞烏爾堅奇</span>，義爲舊<span class="zhuanming">烏爾堅奇城</span>，僅存遺址而已。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#480" id="542">（33）</a><span class="zhuanming">斑城</span>卽《西遊記》之<span class="zhuanming">班里城</span>，《元史》作<span class="zhuanming">班勒紇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">巴里黑</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">板勒紇</span>，也就是《大唐西域記》的<span class="zhuanming">縛喝國</span>。今圖作<span class="zhuanming">巴爾克</span>（Balkh），在<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span>境内。所瀕大河仍爲<span class="zhuanming">阿謀河</span>，“西”爲“南”之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#481" id="543">（34）</a><span class="zhuanming">摶城</span>卽《西遊記》的<span class="zhuanming">團八剌</span>山寨，今地不明。有人以爲就是Kerduan，但詳細情形不甚了了。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#482" id="544">（35）</a>“由此而西”，此“西”字亦“南”字之誤。<span class="zhuanming">黑色印度城</span>不知所指，大概卽今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>和<span class="zhuanming">巴基斯坦</span>北部一帶。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#483" id="545">（36）</a>荼毗卽是火葬。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#484" id="546">（37）</a>這一段的大河可能指的是<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#485" id="547">（38）</a><span class="zhuanming">可弗叉國</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">奇卜察克</span>（Kipchak），一名<span class="zhuanming">欽察</span>，指今<span class="zhuanming">阿姆河</span>西北廣大地區，自<span class="zhuanming">黑色印度</span>起至<span class="zhuanming">可弗叉國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>並未親歷，僅憑傳聞，多不可信。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#486" id="548">（39）</a>胛字原本作脾，據《新唐書·骨利幹傳》改正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#487" id="549">（40）</a>涒灘爲甲申，卽<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>之十九年，公元一二二四年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#488" id="550">（41）</a>丙戌爲<span class="zhuanming">成吉斯汗</span>之二十一年，公元一二二六年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#489" id="551">（42）</a><span class="zhuanming">沙州</span>爲今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">河西</span>的<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瓜州</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">安西</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00011','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P11</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#490" id="552">（43）</a><span class="zhuanming">肅州</span>卽今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">河西</span>的<span class="zhuanming">酒泉</span>，何以又名<span class="zhuanming">鄯善</span>，不得而知。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#491" id="553">（44）</a><span class="zhuanming">靈武</span>今名同，在<span class="zhuanming">甘肅省</span><span class="zhuanming">吴忠回族自治州</span>境内，位於<span class="zhuanming">吴忠市</span>東北不遠。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00012','1293358',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P12</span></i></div></div></div>
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<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv68863" key="68863"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1293354">西遊録</a> &gt; 下 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv68864" key="68864"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00013','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P13</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000128"><b>西遊録</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">湛然居士　從源　著</span> </p><p class="font18" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000129"><b>下</b></p><p> <span>答曰：子之西遊之事已聞命矣。僕聞之，居移氣，養移體，故古人有登<span class="zhuanming">泰山</span>觀滄海以自大其志者，亦有怯夫懦士涉險難罹憂患而自沮其志者。今子西行數萬里，昇<span class="zhuanming">金山</span>，瞰<span class="zhuanming">瀚海</span>，逾<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>，窮西極，豈無有自大其志者歟？從军旅，涉沙磧，行役所困，暴露所苦，豈無有自沮其志者歟？二者必有一於是。子請言之。</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：大丈夫立志已決，若山嶽之不可移也。安能隨時而俯仰，觸物而低昂哉！予之志自大自沮者，幼不知也。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：僕與君定交<a class="zhuhao" href="#576" id="554">（1）</a>積有年矣。知僕者莫如君，知子者莫如我。君幼而學儒，晚而喜<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>，常謂以吾夫子之道治天下，以吾<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之教治一心，天下之能事畢矣。盟猶在耳，皎如星日。昔<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公之北行也，子贊成之，獨吾夫子之教吾<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之道，置而不問。子豈非自沮其志乎？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：余以爲國朝開創之際，庶政方殷而又用兵西域，未暇修文崇善。三聖人教皆有益於世者。嘗讀《道》﹑《德》二篇，深有起予之嘆，欲致吾君高踏<span class="zhuanming">羲皇</span>之跡，此所以贊成之意<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00014','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P14</span></i>也。亦將使爲儒﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之先容耳。非志沮而忘本也。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公進見之所由然，可得聞歟？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：昔<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>姓而<span class="zhuanming">温</span>名者<a class="zhuhao" href="#577" id="555">（2）</a>，以醫術進。渠謂<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公行年三百，有保養長生之秘術，乃奏舉之。詔下徵至<span class="zhuanming">德興</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#578" id="556">（3）</a>。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公上表云，形容枯槁，切恐中途不達，願且於<span class="zhuanming">德興</span>盤桓。表既上，朝廷以<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公憚於北行，命僕草詔，温言答之，欲其速致也。既至行在，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公數拜致敬，然後入見。奉詔，且令<span class="zhuanming">尋思干</span>城居。此<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公進見之所由也<a class="zhuhao" href="#579" id="557">（4）</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：君與<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公相待之事，可得聞歟？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公之達西域也，僕以賓主禮待之。居無幾，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公從容謂予曰，久聞<span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>遵崇<span class="zhuanming">釋教</span>。夫<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道</span>二教素相攻嫉，政恐<span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>不相契合，豈意厚待如此，真通方之士也。僕應之曰，三聖人教行於<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，歲遠日深矣。其教門施設，尊卑之分，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>以來，固有定論，豈待庸人俗士强爲其高下乎！厥後彼之門人有諷予奉道訓名於<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公者。僕應之曰，予幼而習儒，老而奉<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>，安有降於喬木入於幽谷者乎！其議遂寢。予久去<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>，然知音者鮮。特與<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公聯句和詩，焚香煮茗，春遊邃圃，夜話寒齋，此其常也<a class="zhuhao" href="#580" id="558">（5）</a>。爾後時復書簡往來者，人不能無情也。待以禮貌者，人而無禮，非所宜爲也。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公進奏談道之語，可得聞歟？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：壬午<a class="zhuhao" href="#581" id="559">（6）</a>之冬十月，上召<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公以問長生之道。所對皆平平之語言及精神氣之事。又舉<span class="zhuanming">林靈素</span>夢中絜<span class="zhuanming">宋徽宗</span>遊<span class="zhuanming">神霄宫</span>等語。此<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公傳道之極致也<a class="zhuhao" href="#582" id="560">（7）</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公與子遊者久，亦有異聞乎？</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00015','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P15</span></i><p> <span>居士曰：<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公嘗舉渠師<span class="zhuanming">王害風</span>出神入夢爲畢竟事。又舉渠之法兄<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>公，常云屢蒙聖賢提將真性遨遊異域<a class="zhuhao" href="#583" id="561">（8）</a>。又云，禪家惡夢境，豈知福力薄劣者，好夢不能致也。此爲彼宗之深談也。識者聞之，未嘗不絶倒也。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：予嘗讀《磻溪集序》，有云<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公日記數千言，果有是事不<a class="zhuhao" href="#584" id="562">（9）</a>？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：彼之强記，予不知也。嘗假<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>《播芳文粹》<a class="zhuhao" href="#585" id="563">（10）</a>於予。一日謂僕曰，有一二語，欲與<span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>商榷。夫古人之文章愈深，則人愈難知耳。《播芳》中<span class="zhuanming">黄魯直</span>所著《觀音贊》有云，通身是眼，不見自己；欲識自己，頻掣驢耳。此何等語邪？予默而不答。予私謂人曰，山語脱白衲，僧已知落處。渠未窺祖道之藩籬，況其堂奥乎？予自此面待而心輕之。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：君與<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公亦有所許可乎？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：論談之初，酬詠之際，稍嘗面許。交遊既深，窮其底藴，予不許<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公之事，凡有十焉。初進見，詔詢其甲子，僞云不知。安有明哲之士不知甲子者乎？此其一也。對上以<span class="zhuanming">徽宗</span>夢遊<span class="zhuanming">神霄</span>之事，此其二也。自謂出神入夢，爲彼宗之極理，此其三也。又云聖賢提真性<a class="zhuhao" href="#586" id="564">（11）</a>遨遊異域，自愛夢境，此其四也。不識<span class="zhuanming">魯直</span>贊意，此其五也。西窮<span class="zhuanming">昧谷</span>，梵僧或修善之士皆免賦役。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公之<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>，獨請蠲道人差役，言不及僧。上雖許免役，仍令詔出之後，不得再度。渠輒違詔，廣度徒衆。此其六也。又進表乞符印，自出師號，私給觀額，古昔未有之事，輒欲施行。此其七也。又道徒以馳驛故，告給牌符<a class="zhuhao" href="#587" id="565">（12）</a>。<span class="zhuanming">王道人</span>者騶從數十人，懸牌馳騁於諸州，欲通管僧尼。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公又欲追攝<span class="zhuanming">海山</span>玄<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00016','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P16</span></i>老，妄加毁坼。此其八也。又<span class="zhuanming">天城</span>毁<span class="zhuanming">夫子廟</span>爲道觀，及毁坼佛像，奪種田圃，改寺院爲庵觀者甚多。以<span class="zhuanming">景州</span>毁像奪寺事致書於<span class="zhuanming">從樂居士</span>，潤過飾非，天地所不容。此其九也<a class="zhuhao" href="#588" id="566">（13）</a>。又順世之際，據厠而終，其徒飾辭，以爲祈福。此其十也<a class="zhuhao" href="#589" id="567">（14）</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：予聞諸行路之人有議子者，以爲匿怨而友其人，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>耻之。君胡爲面許而心非也？君子成人之美，不成人之惡，何先贊而後嫉也？君子之於友也，當死生待之如一，何譽之於生前，毁之於死後也？子亦有所説乎？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：予與<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公，友其身也，不友其心也；許其詩也，非許其理也。奏對之際，雖<a class="zhuhao" href="#590" id="568">（15）</a>見瑕玼，以彼我之教異，若攻之則成是非，故心非而竊笑之。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公初謂三聖教同，安有分别，自云軍國之事非己所能，道德之心令人戒欲。三聖人教弛而復張，固僕之願也。予聞此安得不贊之乎？邇後食言偏黨，毁像奪田，改寺爲觀，改<span class="zhuanming">宣聖廟</span>爲道庵，有擯斥二教之志。雖曰君子掩惡揚善，此非予所能掩也。予見此安得不嫉之乎？彼欲以道德匡時救世，予親聞之，渠猶未死，安得不譽之於生前乎？間闊以來，爲兹不軌數事，常欲面折其非，職守所拘，不獲一見<a class="zhuhao" href="#591" id="569">（16）</a>。今被命而來，渠已棄世，安得不毁之於死後乎？</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：予聞諸行路之人云，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公惜罪福者也。蠲免道人差役，本非<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公意，乃其徒所爲耳。</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：昔徙<span class="zhuanming">河中</span>之豪民子弟四百餘人屯田於<span class="zhuanming">塔剌思城</span>，奉朝命委予權統之。予既還行在，聞之於輿人云，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公將行，朝辭畢，遣人奏告云，但修善出家人乞免差役。時典誥命者他適，令道人自填，詔旨遂止書道士免役之語。當時咸謂既云修<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00017','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P17</span></i>善出家人，僧道舉在是矣。後數年方知止書道人，不及僧也。由是衆皆議<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之不公也。今子所聞之語，必出自黨於<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公者，以此爲之辭耳。若果惜罪福，不欲免道人役，當日胡不封還詔旨，若然則愈爲光矣。此飾非之語耳，何足信邪！</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：予聞諸行路之人云，其剽奪寺院毁撤佛像之事，皆左右蒙蔽所致，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公實不知也。</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：若<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公果不知此事，予聞<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公之歸也，當宿於<span class="zhuanming">天城</span>之<span class="zhuanming">文成觀</span>，縣學之碑石猶在，何爲不責改觀之道人也。又去歲致手書於<span class="zhuanming">從樂居士</span>云，近有<span class="zhuanming">景州</span>佛寺，村民施與道士居止，今已建立道像，舊僧構會有司欲爲改正。今後再有似此事，請爲約束。予見收此書，會將勒石，永垂後世，庶使明眼人鑑其是非耳。</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：予聞諸行路之人云，其乞牌符事，亦非<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>意。</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：若果非<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>意，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>道人既歸，宜將牌符封還。若果爲馳驛事而請，遇遣使時卽當懸帶。傳聞<span class="zhuanming">王</span>道人懸牌躍馬，騶從數十人，横行諸州中。又安知非<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之意乎！</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：予聞諸行路之人云，今之出家人率多避役苟食者，若削髮則難於歸俗，故爲僧者少，入道者多。兵火以來，精舍寺場率爲摧壞。若道士不居占，亦爲勢家所有，或撤毁以爲薪，又何益焉！</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：聰明特達之士必不爲此，脱有爲此者必愚人鄙士耳，又何怪焉！既號出家士，反爲小人之事，改寺毁像，所以君子責備賢者也。此曹始居無像之院，後毁有像之寺，初奪山林之精舍，豈無冀覦城郭之伽藍乎？從遠至近，從少至多，深存奄<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00018','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P18</span></i>有之志，亦所圖不淺矣。設有故墳宿塚，人愛其山崗之雄麗，林麓之秀茂，乃曰此塚我不發則後亦有人發，我將出其骸骨，棄諸溝壑而瘞我之父母焉，較之於人情以謂如何耳。古人美六月衣羊裘而不拾遺金者。既爲道人，忍作豪奪之事乎？此曹<a class="zhuhao" href="#592" id="570">（17）</a>首以修葺寺舍救護聖像爲辭。居既久，漸毁尊像，尋改額名，有磨滅<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>之意。其修護寺舍爲不廢其名，不毁其像，真謂舉墜修廢也。若或革名改像，所以興之者所以廢之乎？果欲弘揚本教，固當選地結緣，創建宫觀，不爲<span class="zhuanming">道</span>門之光乎！大丈夫竊人之宇舍，毁人之祖宗以爲己能，何異鼠竊狗盗邪？所謂因人成事者也，豈不羞哉！兵火之事，代代有之。自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>歷<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>，降及<span class="zhuanming">遼</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，代謝之際，干戈繼作，未嘗有改寺爲觀之事。渠蔑視朝廷，而敢爲此乎！昔<span class="zhuanming">林靈素</span>託神怪詐力見用於<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，可謂元惡大憝矣，尚未敢革寺名爲觀名，改<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>像爲<span class="zhuanming">道</span>像。今則此曹所爲，過<span class="zhuanming">林靈素</span>遠矣。豈非神明震怒，而促<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之壽乎！</span> </p><p> <span>客曰：予聞之，多易者必多難。又聞之君子作事謀始。君之擇交何其易也，君之作事何謀始之不慎也。今則此曹毁撤廟貌，改建精藍，白衣之會，殆遍天下<a class="zhuhao" href="#593" id="571">（18）</a>，皆君啓之也。禦之亦難乎？無乃爲害於終乎？</span> </p><p> <span>居士曰：吾過矣，吾過矣！雖然，僕聞之，夫物速成則疾亡，晚就則善終。昔<span class="zhuanming">佛教</span>西來，迄今二千餘載，歷代奉行，罔不致敬，高僧奇士，比比而出焉。爲國師者，不可勝數。近世<span class="zhuanming">圓通</span>和尚<a class="zhuhao" href="#594" id="572">（19）</a>爲三朝國師，皆未嘗有改<span class="zhuanming">道</span>觀爲<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>寺者。是以<span class="zhuanming">佛祖</span>之道根深蒂固，確乎其不可拔也。若<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>得志以奪<span class="zhuanming">道</span>觀，<span class="zhuanming">道</span>得權而毁<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>寺，則鬥競之風無日而息矣。今此曹攘人之居，毁<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00019','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P19</span></i>像，遊手之人，歸者如市，不分臧否，一概收之，會觀不攻而自敗耳。夫林泉之士不與物競，人且不容，況自專符印，抑有司之權，奪有司之民，豈能見容於世乎？僕又聞之，好勝者必遇其敵。三聖人之教鼎跱於世，不相凌奪，各安攸居斯可矣。今奪寺毁像，<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之子孫養拙守愚，懦於鬥争者固有之矣。脱有豪邁者，不惜身命護持<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>法，或固争之於有司，或堅請之乎於朝廷，稽古考例，其罪無所逃矣。夫三尺法皆<span class="zhuanming">殷</span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>之淳政，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>之徽猷，<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>之舊書，<span class="zhuanming">遼</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之遺典，非一代之法也，實萬代之法也。時君世主皆則而用之，猶大匠之規矩然，莫或可廢也。雜律有毁像之嚴刑，敕條載禁邪之明誡，夫豈待公子之喋喋也！</span> </p><p> <span>語未已，客勃然而怒曰：且曲突徙薪與燋頭爛額者孰愈？弗能辨姦於未兆，消禍於未萌者，君之過也。何得文過飾非歟？子<a class="zhuhao" href="#595" id="573">（20）</a>謂贊成<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公者欲爲儒﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>之先容耳。今毁<span class="zhuanming">宣聖</span>之廟，撤<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>之像，得非爲害於儒﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛</span>乎？子又謂國朝開創之始，庶政方殷，未暇修文崇善。是何言歟！是何言歟！昔<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#596" id="574">（21）</a>問政，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>謂不得已而去兵去食，自古皆有死，民無信不立。是知善道爲政之要耳。予雖中材，誤蒙見知，位居要地，首贊朝廷行文教，施善道，使流風仁政，高跨前古，然後無施不可矣。子意以爲生民未艾，且俟小康，始行文教，予謂大不然。甚哉生民之難治也。速於爲惡，緩於從善。急導之以善道，猶恐不悛其惡，何況遷延而有所需者乎？速以能仁，不殺﹑不欺﹑不盗﹑不淫，因果之誡化其心，以<span class="zhuanming">老</span>氏慈儉自然之道化其跡，以吾夫子君君﹑臣臣﹑父父﹑子子之名教化其身，使三聖人之道若權衡然行之於世，則民之歸化，將若草之靡風，水之走下矣。然後上<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00020','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P20</span></i>策於朝廷，請定制度﹑議禮樂﹑立宗廟﹑建宫室﹑創學校﹑設科舉﹑拔隱逸﹑訪遺老﹑舉賢良﹑求方正﹑勸農桑﹑抑遊惰﹑省刑罰﹑薄賦斂﹑尚名節﹑斥縱横﹑去冗員﹑黜酷吏﹑崇孝悌﹑賑困窮。若然，則指太<a class="zhuhao" href="#597" id="575">（22）</a>平若運掌之易也。君捨此而不爲，恬然自適，袖手而待小康，亦何異思濟<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">淮</span>而棄舟楫，將救飢寒而捐穀帛者乎！予不知其可也。客乃拂袖而興，策笻而行，隱而不出。</span> </p><p> <span>居士恍然，若有所失者數日。尋以問答之辭録諸簡册，以爲銘盤之誡云。</span> </p><p> <span>戊子清明日，<span class="zhuanming">湛然居士</span><span class="zhuanming">漆水</span>（<span class="zhuanming">楚才</span>）<span class="zhuanming">晉卿</span>題。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>中書侍郎宅刊行</span> </p>注：          <p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#554" id="576">（1）</a>交，原抄作友，據<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>校改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#555" id="577">（2）</a><span class="zhuanming">劉温</span>字<span class="zhuanming">仲禄</span>，《至元辨僞録》卷三説<span class="zhuanming">劉仲禄</span>以作鳴鏑幸於<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>，以醫藥進於上，言<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公行年三百餘歲云云。<span class="zhuanming">王國維</span>以爲《元史·河渠志》的<span class="zhuanming">劉沖禄</span>也就是<span class="zhuanming">劉仲禄</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#556" id="578">（3）</a><span class="zhuanming">遼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">金</span>時代的<span class="zhuanming">德興府</span>，卽<span class="zhuanming">河北省</span><span class="zhuanming">涿鹿</span>，舊名<span class="zhuanming">保安州</span>。<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>徵召<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>的詔書見《輟耕録》卷一○，今收入本書《附録》。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#557" id="579">（4）</a><span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>奉<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>徵召時已七十三歲，因上表陳情，想停留在<span class="zhuanming">德興</span>。《陳情表》亦見《輟耕録》卷一○。<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>回答的詔書出於<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>之手，亦見《長春真人西遊記·附録》。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#558" id="580">（5）</a><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>和<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>唱和的詩篇甚多，大都收入《文集》之中。《文集》中不著何人的和人詩，有好些都是和<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>的，其韻脚和《長春真人西遊記》中著録諸詩相同。往來書簡今不傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#559" id="581">（6）</a>壬午爲<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>十七年，公元一二二二年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00021','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P21</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#560" id="582">（7）</a><span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>召見<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>問道，在壬午冬十月既望。問答之辭具見《玄風慶會録》。《玄風慶會録》收入《道藏》致字十一號，著者結銜爲<span class="zhuanming">元</span>侍臣昭武大將軍尚書禮部侍郎<span class="zhuanming">移剌楚才</span>奉勅編録。有一篇不署作者姓名的序，序文末作“壬辰長至日”。這一個壬辰不知是<span class="zhuanming">元太宗</span><span class="zhuanming">窩濶台</span>的壬辰還是<span class="zhuanming">元世祖</span><span class="zhuanming">忽必烈</span>的壬辰。前者爲公元一二三二年，距<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>見<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>恰恰十年。後者爲公元一二九二年，在會見後七十年，距<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>之死已四十九年。序文説《玄風慶會録》“録而秘之。歲乃逾旬，傳之及外，將以刊行於世”。可知壬辰乃是刊行的年歲，頗疑這部書刊於<span class="zhuanming">元世祖</span>之時，針對<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>《西遊録》而作。《玄風慶會録》的作者結銜不對，<span class="zhuanming">明</span>代<span class="zhuanming">王世貞</span>就曾懷疑，近代<span class="zhuanming">陳銘珪</span>以爲係<span class="zhuanming">李志常</span>的門人所輯。可參看《長春道教源流》卷八。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#561" id="583">（8）</a><span class="zhuanming">王害風</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代人，是<span class="zhuanming">全真教</span>的創教祖師，本名<span class="zhuanming">王喆</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">知明</span>，道號<span class="zhuanming">重陽真</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">害風</span>是綽號或諢名。法兄<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>公名<span class="zhuanming">馬鈺</span>，道號<span class="zhuanming">丹陽子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">馬鈺</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">譚處端</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉處玄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>是<span class="zhuanming">王重陽</span>門下的四大弟子。可參看<span class="zhuanming">陳銘珪</span>《長春道教源流》卷一，<span class="zhuanming">陳垣</span>《南宋初河北新道教考》卷一《全真篇》上。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#562" id="584">（9）</a><span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>《磻溪集》六卷收入《道藏·太平部》，見友字號上。<span class="zhuanming">移剌霖</span>《序》説<span class="zhuanming">處機</span>“日記三千言，身行萬里地”云云，卽此處所本。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#563" id="585">（10）</a>《播芳文粹》卽指<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">齊賢</span><span class="zhuanming">葉芬</span>所編《聖宋名賢五百家播芳大全文粹》一書而言，全書凡一百一十卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#564" id="586">（11）</a>此指<span class="zhuanming">丹陽子</span><span class="zhuanming">馬鈺</span>事。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#565" id="587">（12）</a>據《元史·兵志·站赤》，<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代馳驛的給以璽書，“謂之鋪馬聖旨。遇軍務之急，則又以金字圓符爲信，銀字者次之。”所謂告給牌符卽指此。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#566" id="588">（13）</a>據《至元辨僞録》卷三，這裏所提的<span class="zhuanming">王</span>道人是<span class="zhuanming">王伯平</span>。又云，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>公自往<span class="zhuanming">薊州</span>，特開聖旨，抑欲追攝甘泉，本無<span class="zhuanming">玄和尚</span>，其屈節後面又説<span class="zhuanming">盤山</span><span class="zhuanming">中盤</span><span class="zhuanming">法興寺</span>罕有僧人，<span class="zhuanming">海山</span>本無玄老，師之嗣<span class="zhuanming">振公</span>長老首居<span class="zhuanming">上方</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00022','1293359',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P22</span></i>云云。大概就是這裏提到的<span class="zhuanming">海山</span>玄老之事。<span class="zhuanming">天城</span>毁<span class="zhuanming">夫子廟</span>事，《辨僞録》説是<span class="zhuanming">西京</span><span class="zhuanming">天城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">元</span>代没有<span class="zhuanming">西京</span>，此疑沿<span class="zhuanming">遼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">金</span>舊稱，指今<span class="zhuanming">大同</span>。<span class="zhuanming">從樂居士</span>無考。<span class="zhuanming">景州</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">河北省</span><span class="zhuanming">景縣</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#567" id="589">（14）</a>《辨僞録》卷三説<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>之死是因爲毒痢發作卧於厠中，後來竟據厠而卒。<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>所云卽指此事。當時<span class="zhuanming">釋</span><span class="zhuanming">道</span>兩教鬥争激烈，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門中人多方醜詆<span class="zhuanming">道</span>家，這是一個例子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#568" id="590">（15）</a>雖字原本作難，據上下文意，以作雖字爲是，因爲臆正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#569" id="591">（16）</a><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>會見<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>，大約在辛巳壬午之際，卽公元一二二一年至一二二二年之間。癸未（一二二三年）<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>歸<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>。甲申（一二二四年）<span class="zhuanming">成吉思汗</span>班師回國。<span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>隨大軍東歸，乙酉﹑丙戌諸年在<span class="zhuanming">高昌</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">肅州</span>等處。丁亥（一二二七年）七月九日<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>病卒於<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>。是年冬<span class="zhuanming">楚材</span>來<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>，已在<span class="zhuanming">處機</span>死後三個月，故此處云不獲一見也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#570" id="592">（17）</a>曹字原本作曾，此據《至元辨僞録》卷四所引改正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#571" id="593">（18）</a>所謂白衣之會，始見《漢書》卷二六《天文志》，以爲“歲星與太白合則爲白衣之會，爲水”。太白兵象，依據五行又爲白色。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>代白衣會詳情不得而知，後世如<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>代的彌勒會徒俱著白衣。白衣會在封建統治者看來，似有“謀亂”之意。此處的白衣會不知何所指，大概不出<span class="zhuanming">白蓮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">香會</span>之流，或亦“<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>氏之邪”也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#572" id="594">（19）</a><span class="zhuanming">圓通</span>和尚生於<span class="zhuanming">金</span>代，據《湛然居士文集》卷八《燕京崇壽禪院故圓通大師朗公碑銘》，<span class="zhuanming">圓通</span>駐錫<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span><span class="zhuanming">大聖安寺</span>，後退老於<span class="zhuanming">崇壽禪院</span>。<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>公乃<span class="zhuanming">圓通</span>的門人。此外别無可攷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#573" id="595">（20）</a>子字原本作予，據上下文意，以作子字爲是，因爲臆正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#574" id="596">（21）</a>貢字原本作路。案去兵去食一段問答，見《論語·顔淵篇》，是<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問政，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>回答的話，與<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>無關。因爲臆正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#575" id="597">（22）</a>太字原本作大，兹據<span class="zhuanming">羅</span>本改正作太。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
出版説明
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv72342" key="72342"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1293354">西遊録</a> &gt; 出版説明 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv72743" key="72743"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-O00001','1293355',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000121"><b>出版説明</b></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">耶律楚材</span>《西遊録》，<span class="zhuanming">北京大學</span>歷史系教授<span class="zhuanming">向達</span>校注。<span class="zhuanming">向</span>先生整理此書始於十八年前，至一九六六年十一月<span class="zhuanming">向</span>先生去世時已完成初稿。現將此稿稍加整理，據以排印。排印前我們曾將此稿請<span class="zhuanming">南京大學</span>歷史系<span class="zhuanming">陳得芝</span>同志和<span class="zhuanming">北京大學</span>歷史系<span class="zhuanming">張廣達</span>同志看過，他們又補充了一些意見。現將他們的意見作爲補注，用*記號標出，一併納入本書之中。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">中華書局編輯部</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">一九八○年三月</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
附録　陶宗儀《南村輟耕録》卷一○記丘真人
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv606" key="606"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1293354">西遊録</a> &gt; 附録　陶宗儀《南村輟耕録》卷一○記丘真人 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv607" key="607"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00023','1293360',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P23</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000131"><b>附録</b></p><p class="font20" id="ZSK00734-001-BT0000132">陶宗儀《南村輟耕録》卷一○記丘真人</p><p> <span>大宗師<span class="zhuanming">長春真人</span>姓<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>氏名<span class="zhuanming">處機</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">通密</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">長春子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">登州</span><span class="zhuanming">棲霞縣</span><span class="zhuanming">濱都里</span>人也。祖父業農，世稱善門。<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">皇統</span>戊辰（公元一一四八）正月十九日生。生而聰敏，有日者相之曰：“此子當爲神仙宗伯。”<span class="zhuanming">大定</span>丙戌（公元一一六六），年十九，辭親居<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>，依道者修真。丁亥（公元一一六七），謁<span class="zhuanming">重陽</span><span class="zhuanming">全真開化王真君嘉</span>於<span class="zhuanming">海寧</span>，請爲弟子。戊申（公元一一八八），召見闕下，隨還<span class="zhuanming">終南山</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">貞祐</span>乙亥（公元一二一五），<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>平<span class="zhuanming">燕城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金</span>主奔<span class="zhuanming">汴</span>。丙子（公元一二一六），復召，不起。己卯（公元一二一九），居<span class="zhuanming">萊州</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>入<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>遣使來召，亦不起。是年五月，<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>自<span class="zhuanming">乃蠻國</span>遣近侍<span class="zhuanming">劉仲禄</span>持手詔致聘。十二月，至隱所，詔文云：“制曰，天厭中原，驕華太極之性；朕居北野，嗜慾莫生之情。反朴還淳，去奢從儉，每一衣一食，與牛豎馬圉，共弊同饗。視民如赤子，養士若兄弟。謀素和，恩素畜，練萬衆以身人之先，臨百陣無念我之後。七載之中成大業，六合之内爲一統。非朕之所有德，蓋<span class="zhuanming">金</span>之政無恒。是以受天之祐，獲承至尊，南連<span class="zhuanming">趙宋</span>，北<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00024','1293360',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P24</span></i>接<span class="zhuanming">回紇</span>，東夏西夷，悉稱臣佐。念我單于國千載百世以來，未之有也。然而任大守重，治平猶懼有闕。且夫刳舟剡楫，將欲濟江河也；聘賢選佐，將以安天下也。朕踐祚已來，勤心庶政，而三九之位，未見其人。訪聞<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>師先生體真履規，博物洽聞，探賾窮理，道沖德著，懷古君子之肅風，抱真上人之雅操。久棲岩谷，藏身隱形，闡祖宗之遺化，坐致有道之士，雲集仙逕，莫可稱數。自干戈而後，伏知先生猶隱<span class="zhuanming">山東</span>舊境，朕心仰懷無已。豈不聞<span class="zhuanming">渭水</span>同車，茅廬三顧之事。奈何山川懸闊，有失躬迎之禮。朕但避位側身，齋戒沐浴，選差近侍官<span class="zhuanming">劉仲禄</span>備輕騎素車，不遠千里，謹邀先生暫屈仙步，不以沙漠悠遠爲念。或以憂民當世之務，或以恤朕保身之術，朕親侍仙座，欽惟先生將咳唾之餘，但授一言斯可矣。今者，聊發朕之微意萬一，明於詔章。誠望先生既著大道之端要，善無不應，亦豈違衆生之願哉！故兹詔示，惟宜知悉。五月初一日筆。”</span> </p><p> <span>庚辰（公元一二二○）正月，北行。二月，至<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>。欲俟駕回朝謁。<span class="zhuanming">仲禄</span>令從官<span class="zhuanming">曷剌</span>馳奏，真人進表陳請。表曰：“<span class="zhuanming">登州</span><span class="zhuanming">棲霞縣</span>志道<span class="zhuanming">丘處機</span>，近奉宣旨，遠召不才。海上居民，心皆怳惚。<span class="zhuanming">處機</span>自念謀生太拙，學道無成，辛苦萬端，老而不死。名雖播於諸國，道不加於衆人。内顧自傷，哀情誰測。前者<span class="zhuanming">南京</span>及<span class="zhuanming">宋國</span>屢召不從今者龍庭一呼卽至，何也？伏聞皇帝天賜勇智，今古絶倫，道協威靈，<span class="zhuanming">華</span>夷率服。是故便欲投山竄海，不忍相違；且當冒雪衝霜，圖其一見。兼聞車駕只在桓撫之北，及到<span class="zhuanming">燕京</span>，聽得車駕遥遠，不知其幾千里。風塵澒洞，天氣蒼黄，老弱不堪，切恐中途不能到得。假之皇帝所，則军國之事，非己所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00025','1293360',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P25</span></i>能，道德之心，令人戒欲，悉爲難事。遂與宣差<span class="zhuanming">劉仲禄</span>商議，不若且在<span class="zhuanming">燕京德興府</span>等處盤桓住在，先令人前去奏知。其<span class="zhuanming">劉仲録</span>不從，故不免自納奏帖。念<span class="zhuanming">處機</span>肯來歸命，遠冒風霜，伏望皇帝早下寬大之詔，詳其可否。兼同時四人出家，三人得道，惟<span class="zhuanming">處機</span>虚得其名，顔色顦顇，形容枯槁，伏望聖裁。龍兒年（卽庚辰年）三月日奏。”</span> </p><p> <span>十月，<span class="zhuanming">曷剌</span>回，復奉勅旨曰：“<span class="zhuanming">成吉思皇帝</span>勅真人<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>師：省所奏應召而來者，具悉。惟師道踰三子，德重多方，命臣奉厥玄纁，馳傳訪諸滄海。時與願適，天不人違，兩朝屢召而弗行，單使一邀而肯起。謂朕天啓，所以身歸，不辭暴露於風霜，自願跋涉於沙磧。書章來上，喜慰何言！軍國之事，非朕所期，道德之心，誠云可尚。朕以被酋不遜，我伐用張，軍旅試臨，邊陲底定，來從去背，寔力率之故。然久逸暫勞，冀心服而後已。於是載揚威德，略駐車徒，重念雲軒既發於蓬萊，鶴馭可遊於天竺。達磨東邁，元印法以傳心；<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>西行，或化胡而成道。顧州途之雖闊，瞻几杖以非遥。爰答來章，可明朕意。秋暑，師比平安好，旨不多及。十四日。”</span> </p><p> <span>辛巳（公元一二二一）十一月，至<span class="zhuanming">邪迷思干城</span>。壬午（公元一二二二）三月，過<span class="zhuanming">鐵門關</span>。四月，達行在所。時上在<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>之陽，舍館定，入見。上勞曰：“它國徵聘皆不應，今遠踰萬里而來，朕甚嘉焉”。賜坐就食，設二帳於御幄之東以居之。約日問道。以<span class="zhuanming">回紇</span>叛，親征不果。至九月，設庭燎，虚前席，延問至道。真人大略答以節慾保躬，天道好生惡殺，治尚無爲清净之理。上説，命左史書諸策。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00734-001-R00026','1293360',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P26</span></i><p> <span>癸未（公元一二二三），乞東還。賜號神仙，爵大宗師，掌管天下<span class="zhuanming">道教</span>。甲申（公元一二二四）三月，至<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>。八月，奉旨居<span class="zhuanming">太極宫</span>。丁亥（公元一二二七）五月，特改<span class="zhuanming">太極</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">長春</span>。七月九日，留頌而逝，年八十。<span class="zhuanming">至元</span>己巳（公元一二六九）正月，詔贈<span class="zhuanming">五祖七真</span>徽號，而曰<span class="zhuanming">長春演道主教真人</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>已上見《蟠溪集》﹑《鳴道集》﹑《西遊記》﹑《風雲慶會録》﹑《七真年譜》等書。</span> </p><p> <span>初，真人自行在歸，道由<span class="zhuanming">宣德</span>日，一富家新居落成，禮致下顧，將冀一言以爲福。既入其室，默然無語，輒以所持鐵柱杖於窗户牆壁上，頗毁數處而出。主人再拜希解悟。曰：“爾屋完矣美矣。完而必毁，理勢然也。吾不爾毁，爾將無以圖厥終。今毁矣，爾宜思其毁而欲克保全之，則爾與爾子子孫孫，庶幾歌斯哭斯，永終弗替！”主人説服。吁，真人真之道哉！</span> </p></div></div></div>
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