報應驗第十二
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133630" key="1133630"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第七 &gt; 報應驗第十二 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133631" key="1133631"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00595','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P595</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000027">報應驗第十二<span class="font12 zhu">明善惡之業，報應不昧也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<span class="shuming">家語</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">澹臺滅明</span>有君子之容，而行不勝其皃；<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>有文雅之辭<a class="zhuhao" href="#3625" id="3615">〔一〕</a>，而智不充其理。語曰：相馬以輿<a class="zhuhao" href="#3626" id="3616">〔二〕</a>，相士以居，弗可廢也。以容取人，失之<span class="zhuanming">子羽</span>；以辭取人，失之<span class="zhuanming">宰予</span>。子曰：君子以其所不知等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3627" id="3617">〔三〕</a>。【驗】證也，徵也，效也。</span></p><p> <span>爲善，天降之百祥，輔德也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皇天無親，惟德是輔<a class="zhuhao" href="#3628" id="3618">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皇天降】<span class="shuming">蔡仲之命</span>文也。</span> <span>爲不善，天降之百殃，糺淫也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">淫，過也。天者福善禍淫<a class="zhuhao" href="#3629" id="3619">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殃】禍也，咎也，罰也。【糺淫】上居黝切，察也；下淫，過也。</span> <span>故順理焉，異類生愛，而況聖賢乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如龍神欽伏等。</span> <span>逆理焉，至親交兵，而況於鬼神乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【至親交兵】如<span class="zhuanming">衛</span><span class="zhuanming">蒯聵</span>殺夫人<span class="zhuanming">南子</span>，不克而出奔。後<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>薨，<span class="zhuanming">蒯</span>子<span class="zhuanming">輒</span>立，<span class="zhuanming">蒯聵</span>遂入。義，父子相争國，萬世非之。此皆非禮可知也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「爲不善於顯明之中，人得而誅之；爲不善於幽闇之中，鬼得而誅之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3630" id="3620">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「下民之孽，匪降自天。」<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00596','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P596</span></i>言由己也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">禍本無門，惟人自召<a class="zhuhao" href="#3631" id="3621">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詩云】<span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">十月之交</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3632" id="3622">〔八〕</a>。【㜸】魚列切，邪惡也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>曰：「存亡禍福，在己而已矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3633" id="3623">〔九〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仲尼等】<span class="shuming">家語</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>問<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：夫國家存亡禍福，信有天命，非唯人也。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：夫國家存亡禍福，在己而已矣，非天非人也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">周頌</span>曰：「畏天之威，于時保之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3634" id="3624">〔一○〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【周頌】三十一篇。<span class="shuming">我將</span>文。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3615" id="3625">〔一〕</a>按：底本「辭」後衍「而辭」兩字，今删。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3616" id="3626">〔二〕</a>輿：原誤作「舉」字，參下注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3617" id="3627">〔三〕</a>出<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">子路初見</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">澹臺子羽</span>有君子之容而行不勝其貌，<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>有文雅之辭而智不充其辯。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『里語云：相馬以輿，相士以居，弗可廢矣。以容取人，則失之<span class="zhuanming">子羽</span>。以辭取人，則失之<span class="zhuanming">宰予</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『君子以其所不能畏人，小人以其所不能不信人。故君子長人之才，小人抑人而取勝焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3618" id="3628">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">蔡仲之命</span>：「皇天無親，惟德是輔。民心無常，惟惠之懷。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3619" id="3629">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">湯誥</span>：「天道福善禍淫。降災于<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>，以彰厥罪。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3620" id="3630">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">庚桑楚</span>：「爲不善乎顯明之中者，人得而誅之；爲不善乎幽閒之中者，鬼得而誅之。明乎人﹑明乎鬼者，然後能獨行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3621" id="3631">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">太上感應篇</span>：「太上曰：禍福無門，惟人自召。善惡之報，如影隨形。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3622" id="3632">〔八〕</a>之交：原誤做「云文」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00597','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P597</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3623" id="3633">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">敬慎</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『存亡禍福，皆在己而已。天災地妖，亦不能殺也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3624" id="3634">〔一○〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周頌</span><span class="shuming">我將</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>孫<span class="zhuanming">弗沙蜜多</span>下庭議曰：「吾如何垂名於不朽？」群臣曰：「當如先王，建八萬四千塔，不然反之。名雖好惡，俱不朽也。」王曰：「我無威德以紹先王，當建後議。」遂乃侮皇祖之訓，斁彝倫之紀，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彝，常；倫，理也。帝王日用常行之理也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弗沙密多】<span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>名<span class="zhuanming">弗沙密多</span>，未見正翻也。【垂】未名于後曰垂。</span> <span>焚法圮</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音備。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圮】皮美切，毁也。</span> <span>塔，虔劉<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#3636" id="3635">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">虔劉，殺也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虔劉】殺也。</span> <span>天愁人怨，靡奈其酷。雖有聖賢，不能違之。登彼南山，自求免害。息心之侣，血流成川。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殘殺道人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【違】去也。</span> <span>梟首務賞，府無虚日，征賦由之竭矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">購有獲僧首級者，賞之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【梟】上古堯切，斬首倒懸也。梟悮，宜󷚴。【務】趣也。【府】聚也，帛所聚也。【征賦】國之税賦，備在征伐，故曰征賦。【購】古候切，贖也。【首級】<span class="shuming">漢書音義</span>曰：得下賞一級。</span> <span>王益其怒，更施殲虐。率師至佛牙塔，死於頽山之下。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殲虐】上音尖，盡也，滅也。欲殘酷盡滅也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3635" id="3636">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">弗沙蜜多</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">沸沙蜜多羅王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">弗舍蜜哆王</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">星友王</span>。爲<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>後第五世之王，也即<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">孔雀王朝</span>最後之王。據<span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>卷二五<span class="shuming">阿育王施半阿摩勒果因緣經</span>，「<span class="zhuanming">沸沙須摩</span>太子，名曰<span class="zhuanming">沸沙蜜多羅</span>，次紹王位。時<span class="zhuanming">沸沙蜜多羅</span>問諸臣曰：『我當作何等事，令我名德久存於世？』時賢善諸臣信樂<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00598','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P598</span></i>三寶者，啓王言：『<span class="zhuanming">阿育大王</span>是王之前種姓。彼王在世，造立八萬四千<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>塔，復興種種供養。此之名德，相傳至今。王欲求此名者，當造立八萬四千塔，及諸供養。』王言：『<span class="zhuanming">大王阿育</span>有大威德，能辦此事，我不能作，更思餘事』。中有惡臣不信向者，啓王言：『世間二種法傳世不滅，一者作善，二者作惡。<span class="zhuanming">大王阿育</span>作諸善行，王今當行惡行，打壞八萬四千塔。』時王用佞臣語，即興四兵衆，往詣寺舍，壞諸塔寺」。其後，王至<span class="zhuanming">婆伽羅國</span>，有一蟲神排擋大山而壓死王及其士兵，「<span class="zhuanming">孔雀</span>苗裔，於此永終」。　虔劉：殺戮。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十三年</span>：「芟夷我農功，虔劉我邊陲。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「虔﹑劉，皆殺也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">桓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">靈</span>世，範金爲佛像，遭國亂流墜荒瘞<a class="zhuhao" href="#3644" id="3637">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漢桓靈】<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">桓帝</span><span class="zhuanming">志</span>，<span class="zhuanming">章帝</span>曾孫，在位二十二年。<span class="zhuanming">靈帝</span>實<span class="zhuanming">章帝</span>玄孫，黄巾賊起，鬻獄賣官，十常侍弄權，天下大亂，在位二十三年也。【荒瘞】或裔字，遠也。謂<span class="zhuanming">桓靈</span>鑄像於<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，後流移於<span class="zhuanming">江表</span>也。埋也。【範】模也。鑄金爲佛，模範也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">孫皓</span>使衛兵治禁園，其有得者，令置溷所。四月八日，溺其頭</span> <span class="font12 zhu">小便也。</span> <span>曰：「爲爾灌頂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3645" id="3638">〔二〕</a>。」君臣相與笑樂。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【溷】胡困切，厠也，穢也。【溺】小便也。【爾】汝也。</span> <span>俄爾遍體隆腫，隱處尤痛，毒痡五内，哀聲外揚。使卜，覡咸以坐犯大神<a class="zhuhao" href="#3646" id="3639">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【痡】敷﹑鋪二音。痡，病也。【卜覡】卜，鑽龜也；下胡秋切，通鬼神語者，男曰誣，女曰覡也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">皓</span>乃遍走群望<a class="zhuhao" href="#3647" id="3640">〔四〕</a>，有加而無瘳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遍走群望】境内名山大川曰群望，走馳玉帛，遍祭諸處。【瘳】差也。</span> <span>宫人信佛者，謂是佛也。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>乃迎像沐浴，夙夜夤畏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夤，敬也。</span> <span>稽顙叩簀<a class="zhuhao" href="#3648" id="3641">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">簀，牀板。顙，額也。謂以額扣床也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00599','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P599</span></i>【夤】音寅，敬也。【叩簀】上音口，擊也，以頭擊牀也；下音責，牀也。</span> <span>陳罪責己。左右聞之，惻傷流涕<a class="zhuhao" href="#3649" id="3642">〔六〕</a>。有頃疾間，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">小差。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【間】去。</span> <span>篤潔齋戒，後乃豫焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3650" id="3643">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【篤】勵也。【豫】安也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3637" id="3644">〔一〕</a>範金：鑄金。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">禮運</span>：「後聖有作，然後脩火之利，範金合土，以爲臺榭宫室牖户。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「範金者，謂爲形範以鑄金器。」　流墜：流失散落。　荒瘞：荒墳。這裏指荒涼之地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3638" id="3645">〔二〕</a>灌頂：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語的意譯，用水或醍醐澆灌頭頂，本爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>帝王即位時的儀式。佛教密宗凡弟子入門或繼承阿闍梨位時效行此法，必須先經本師灌頂。灌謂灌持，表示諸佛的護念﹑慈悲；頂謂頭頂，代表佛行的崇高。<span class="shuming">佛頂尊勝陀羅尼經疏</span>「第四善明灌頂門」：「所謂灌頂者，有其五種：一光明灌頂。謂諸佛菩薩，放光加持。二者甘露灌頂。謂以部主真言，加持香水。三者種子灌頂。謂部主真言想布字門遍身分。四者智印灌頂。謂部主所執，契印加持。五者句義灌頂。謂部尊真言及思中義運用加持。若初修道，入真言門，先訪師主大阿闍梨，建立道場，求灌頂法。入修三密，願證瑜伽，猶如世間輪王太子，欲紹王位以承國祚，用七寶瓶盛四大海水，澆頭灌頂，方承王位。如是真教入祕密門，同彼軌儀，故號佛子。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3639" id="3646">〔三〕</a>隱處：指陰部。　毒痡：痛苦。　五内：五臟。　覡：男巫。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷二五上<span class="shuming">郊祀志</span>：「在男曰覡，在女曰巫。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注曰：「巫覡，亦通稱耳。」「覡咸」即「巫咸」。<span class="shuming">離騷</span>「<span class="zhuanming">巫咸</span>將夕降兮」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注曰：「<span class="zhuanming">巫咸</span>，古神巫也。」這裏指代善占卜者。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00600','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P600</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3640" id="3647">〔四〕</a>群望：指境内受祭的名山大川。望，謂不能親到，望而遥祭。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十三年</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">共王</span>無冢適，有寵子五人，無適立焉，乃大有事于群望。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「群望，星辰山川。」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3641" id="3648">〔五〕</a>夤畏：敬畏。<span class="shuming">北史</span>卷三九<span class="shuming">房彦謙傳</span>：「刑賞曲直，升聞於天，夤畏照臨，亦宜謹肅。」　稽顙：屈膝下拜，以額觸地，表示極度虔誠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3642" id="3649">〔六〕</a>惻：悲痛。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一○下：「惻，痛也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3643" id="3650">〔七〕</a>齋戒：指祭祀之前沐浴更衣，整潔身心，以示虔誠。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">離婁下</span>：「雖有惡人，齋戒沐浴，則可以祀上帝。」　豫：舒服。謂痊癒。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">康僧會傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>雖聞正法，而昏暴之性不勝其虐。后使宿衛兵入後宫治園，於地得一金像，高數尺，呈<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>使著不浄處，以穢汁灌之，共諸群臣笑以爲樂。俄爾之間，舉身大腫。陰處尤痛，叫呼徹天。太史占言，犯大神所爲。即祈祀諸廟，永不差愈。婇女先有奉法者，因問訊云：『陛下就佛寺中求福不？』<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>舉頭問曰：『佛神大耶？』婇女云：『佛爲大神。』<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>心遂悟，具語意故，婇女即迎像置殿上。香湯洗數十過，燒香懺悔，<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>叩頭于枕，自陳罪狀，有頃痛間。遣使至寺，問訊道人，請<span class="zhuanming">會</span>説法，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>即隨入。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>具問罪福之由，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>爲敷析，辭甚精要。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>先有才解，欣然大悦，因求看沙門戒。<span class="zhuanming">會</span>以戒文禁祕，不可輕宣，乃取本業百三十五願，分作二百五十事，行住坐卧，皆願衆生。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>見慈願廣普，益增善意，即就<span class="zhuanming">會</span>受五戒，旬日疾瘳。」</span> </p><p> <span>僞<span class="zhuanming">夏</span><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>，<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>也，據朔漠，龍旌帝服，尊高己德<a class="zhuhao" href="#3653" id="3651">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僞夏】僞<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>治<span class="zhuanming">統萬</span>，秦時屬<span class="zhuanming">上郡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>分置<span class="zhuanming">朔方</span>部。<span class="zhuanming">晉末</span>，<span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>於此稱<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>所滅，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時爲<span class="zhuanming">夏州</span>也。【赫連】上呼格切，虜複姓。乃曰：王者計天爲子，是爲徽赫，實與天連，因姓<span class="zhuanming">赫連氏</span>。【勃勃】蒲末切，有本佛佛。佛，音佛。佛因<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00601','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P601</span></i>中爲勃佛，以此勃者佛也。【朔漠】幽朔也。<span class="shuming">書</span>命<span class="zhuanming">和叔</span>，宅朔方。北方也。<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>因居沙漠之間，曰朔漠。【旌】音精，旌旗也。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>曰：折羽曰旌。</span> <span>昧乎聖人之道，曰：「勃者，佛也。吾爲佛也。」陳聖像於後坐，令沙門朝集，爲己致拜。天罰有罪，迅雷震而死也。故雷者靈物，憑陽氣以作威者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論</span>云：「雷是陰陽之氣，相攻射而擊損物，故陽氣極而生光等。然雷有神，爲天之使，護浄嫉惡者也。憑陽氣而行，依雲雨而動。冬則藏蟄，以陽氣收藏故也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3654" id="3652">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迅】信﹑峻二音，疾也。</span> <span>夫陰陽之氣，舒則安而静，蓄則蒸而怒。有時嫉惡而震於土木，以警戒於人民。於其不忌，則肆乎害也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">肆，放。忌，畏也。若於事無所畏忌，必速其害也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蒸】雲蒸濕熱也。【肆】陳也，極也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3651" id="3653">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">屈孑</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朔方</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span><span class="zhuanming">右賢王</span>之後。<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>的創建者，公元四○七—四二五年在位。　龍旌：畫有龍的旗幟，爲天子儀仗之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3652" id="3654">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷六<span class="shuming">雷虚</span>：「雷者，太陽之激氣也。何以明之？正月陽動，故正月始雷。五月陽盛，故五月雷迅。秋冬陽衰，故秋冬雷潛。盛夏之時，太陽用事，陰氣乘之。陰陽分事，則相校軫。校軫則激射。激射爲毒，中人輒死，中木木折，中屋屋壞。人在木下屋間，偶中而死矣。何以驗之？試以一斗水灌冶鑄之火，氣激𧝬裂，若雷之音矣。或近之，必灼人體。天地爲爐大矣，陽氣爲火猛矣，雲雨爲水多矣，分争激射，安得不迅？中傷人身，安得不死？當冶工之消鐵也，以土爲形，燥則鐵下，不則躍溢而射。射中人身，則皮膚灼剥。陽氣之熱，非直消鐵之烈也；陰氣激之，非直土<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00602','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P602</span></i>泥之濕也；陽氣中人，非直灼剥之痛也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">謝晦</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，患沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧昌</span>於城内立塔，湫隘雉堞，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音牒。</span> <span>躬役介夫<a class="zhuhao" href="#3662" id="3655">〔一〕</a>，厚勞酒食，令肆其武勇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謝晦】<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>尚書，從日不從目。【湫隘】上子了切，隘也；下烏懈切，狹也，陋也。【雉堞】上直旨切。<span class="zhuanming">王肅</span>云：城上一丈曰堵，三堵曰雉；下徒恊切，城上女牆也。【勞】郎到切，以牛﹑酒慰士也。【肆】恣也。</span> <span>嚴鼓戒威，莫敢不前<a class="zhuhao" href="#3663" id="3656">〔二〕</a>。撞擊陊</span> <span class="font12 zhu">徒可反。</span> <span>壞<a class="zhuhao" href="#3664" id="3657">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陊，崩落也。又作褫。壞，音恠，故壞也，無損而特毁之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【撞擊】上宅江切，突擊也；擊，打也。【陊壞】上徒可切，落也；下音恠，故毁也。【又作褫】應云又作褫。褫，池爾切。</span> <span>龕像摧隕<a class="zhuhao" href="#3665" id="3658">〔四〕</a>。欻有暴風連天，雲霧作昏，驍烈爲之膽寒<a class="zhuhao" href="#3666" id="3659">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【龕】口南切，塔下室也。【隕】音殞，墜落也。【烈】武也，烈壯也。【膽寒】心戰也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">晦</span>蒙被塵土，以手拭去，膚隨指落，潰爛瘡痍，體無皃肌，竟以反而族誅也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3667" id="3660">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">謝晦</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">宣明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">陽夏</span>人。美風姿，善談笑。<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>時，爲領軍將軍﹑<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>牧。反，召<span class="zhuanming">檀道濟</span>討之，兵潰，擒送<span class="zhuanming">鄴都</span>，斬於都市。<span class="zhuanming">周世宗</span><span class="zhuanming">柴氏</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">鎮州</span><span class="zhuanming">大悲菩薩</span>銷鑄爲<span class="zhuanming">周</span>通元寶錢，後支體潰爛而崩，此亦其類也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【被】覆也。【潰爛】上胡對切，散也；下糜也。【陽夏】今<span class="zhuanming">大康縣</span>也。</span> <span>故爲罪大者，爲天下不吊。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">吊，恤也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【吊恤】問死曰吊；下憂也。</span> <span>始濟其力，將溢其禍，禍極則革之矣。初沙門<span class="zhuanming">法敏</span>苦諫不納，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">諫<span class="zhuanming">謝晦</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【溢】薄也。【革】改變也。【法敏】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>高僧也。<span class="shuming">傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">法慜</span>。</span> <span>其後爲之著<span class="shuming">顯驗論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3668" id="3661">〔七〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00603','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P603</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3655" id="3662">〔一〕</a>湫隘：低矮狹小。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公三年</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>欲更<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>之宅，曰：『子之宅近市，湫隘囂塵，不可以居，請更諸爽塏者。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「湫，下；隘，小。」這裏作使動詞，謂使雉堞顯得湫隘。　雉堞：城上短牆。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一一<span class="zhuanming">鮑照</span><span class="shuming">蕪城賦</span>：「是以板築雉堞之殷，井幹烽櫓之勤。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span><span class="shuming">周禮</span>注曰：『雉，長三丈，高一丈。』<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span><span class="shuming">左氏傳</span>注曰：『堞，女牆也。』」　介夫：披甲衛士。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陽門</span>之介夫死，司城<span class="zhuanming">子罕</span>入而哭之，哀。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「介夫，甲衛士。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3656" id="3663">〔二〕</a>嚴鼓：莊嚴的鼓聲。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">王商史丹傅喜傳</span><span class="shuming">史丹</span>：「天子自臨軒檻上，隤銅丸以擿鼓，聲中嚴鼓之節。」<span class="zhuanming">李奇</span>曰：「莊嚴之鼓節也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3657" id="3664">〔三〕</a>陊：通「堕」，破敗，毁壞。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3658" id="3665">〔四〕</a>龕像：壁龕中的佛像。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3659" id="3666">〔五〕</a>欻：忽然。　驍烈：勇猛剛烈，這裏指驍烈者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3660" id="3667">〔六〕</a>瘡痍：指瘡瘍。<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷六二<span class="shuming">占相篇</span>引<span class="shuming">阿育王太子法益壞目因緣經</span>：「身生瘡痍，口氣臭處，與人無親，曠地獄來。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3661" id="3668">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">法愍傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法愍</span>，北人。弱年慕道，篤志經籍。十八出家，便遊踐州國，觀風味道。<span class="shuming">波若</span>﹑數論及諸經律，皆所遊刃。後憩<span class="zhuanming">江夏郡</span><span class="zhuanming">五層寺</span>。時沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧昌</span>於<span class="zhuanming">江陵</span>城内立塔，刺史<span class="zhuanming">謝晦</span>欲壞之，<span class="zhuanming">愍</span>聞故往諫<span class="zhuanming">晦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晦</span>意不止，<span class="zhuanming">愍</span>於是隱迹於<span class="zhuanming">長沙</span><span class="zhuanming">麓山</span>，終身不出。<span class="zhuanming">晦</span>迺率儀至寺，厚賜酒肉，嚴鼓振威，斬斫形像。俄而雲霧暗天，風塵四起，<span class="zhuanming">晦</span>驚懼而走。後以叛逆誅滅。隊人<span class="zhuanming">丁法成</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">史僧雙</span>見身癩病，餘多犯法而死。<span class="zhuanming">愍</span>乃著<span class="shuming">顯驗論</span>以明因果，並注<span class="shuming">大道地經</span>。後卒於山中，春秋八十有三。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00604','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P604</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太武</span>以穹廬之胄，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">穹廬，蕃帳。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【穹廬】去弓切，氈帳曰穹廬。【胄】直祐切，裔也。</span> <span>因藉時運，奄有<span class="zhuanming">河</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3685" id="3669">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其本居<span class="zhuanming">鮮卑山</span>下，世爲君長，稱<span class="zhuanming">拓拔氏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">晉武</span>時漸通中國，至<span class="zhuanming">懷愍</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3686" id="3670">〔二〕</a>爲<span class="zhuanming">劉曜</span>所害。初都<span class="zhuanming">雲中</span>，後遷<span class="zhuanming">平城</span>，又移<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>。至<span class="zhuanming">孝文帝</span>遷<span class="zhuanming">河</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，遂改姓<span class="zhuanming">元氏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【藉】就也。【又移鄴】未詳。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>執政，愬</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音素。</span> <span>緇衣於<span class="zhuanming">太武</span>曰：「佛化無益，有傷人民，不若黜廢，爲國之大利也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愬】音素，讚也。【黜廢】上音怵，貶也。廢，棄也。</span> <span>他日凶謀既進<a class="zhuhao" href="#3687" id="3671">〔三〕</a>，詔始誅<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>沙門，焚破經像，唯留臺下四方如<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。異歲有後命，所在有圖像﹑沙門，一切並除，自是不稔。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【進】升用也。【稔】秋熟也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>轘</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音患。</span> <span>其尸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">轘，車裂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3688" id="3672">〔四〕</a>也。前文已解。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">太武</span>遘厲疾而法令寬弛，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">弛，縱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遘】遇也。【厲疾】惡病也。【弛】音豕，寬放也。</span> <span>既絶又復也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至<span class="zhuanming">文成</span>復興<a class="zhuhao" href="#3689" id="3673">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span>夫治國者，以大臣爲股肱，以嬖臣爲耳目<a class="zhuhao" href="#3690" id="3674">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">幸而獲寵曰嬖。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【股肱】上音古，下古泓切。<span class="shuming">書</span>云：臣作股肱耳目。言君爲元首，臣爲股肱耳目，如一身，足行﹑手取﹑耳聽﹑目視，身雖百體，四者爲大也。【嬖】音閉，愛也。</span> <span>未有支竅邪而身不殘瘵<a class="zhuhao" href="#3691" id="3675">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【支竅】四肢手足也。下苦吊切，穴也。首有七竅，謂眼耳鼻口也。【瘵】側界切，病也。</span> <span>悲夫，大命未傾，曾莫始悟<a class="zhuhao" href="#3692" id="3676">〔八〕</a>，既傾而悟，方迷何别！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">傾，危。莫，無也。始，先。方，正也。至危而悟，與正而迷何别？<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">武宗</span><span class="zhuanming">會昌</span>五年，沙汰毁滅。至六年，遍體惡瘡而崩。先是<span class="zhuanming">李德裕</span>陳謀，後<span class="zhuanming">宣宗</span>貶<span class="zhuanming">崖州</span>而卒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【傾】逝也。【曾莫】則不也。【五年】有立者，悮。【方】比也。【唐武宗】諱<span class="zhuanming">炎</span>，<span class="zhuanming">穆宗</span>子，改元<span class="zhuanming">會昌</span>。至五年，毁天下<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00605','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P605</span></i>佛寺，沙汰僧尼。因服方士藥，躁而崩，葬<span class="zhuanming">端陵</span>。</span> <span>然有踐<span class="zhuanming">崔氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太武</span>興於無益之論，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">杜光庭</span>造<span class="shuming">無佛論</span>，竟以雙瞽而卒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【杜光庭】<span class="zhuanming">杜光</span>者乃<span class="zhuanming">杜天師</span>也，今之道懺言是彼造，詞鄙理踈，不堪目視。夫古之爲史者，陳褒貶不一，多天賜其罰。如<span class="zhuanming">左丘明</span>作<span class="shuming">春秋傳</span>而目失明，<span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span>述<span class="shuming">史記</span>而下腐刑，<span class="zhuanming">班固</span>注<span class="shuming">前漢書</span>而坐死于獄，<span class="zhuanming">范曄</span>修<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>而刑于市，況區區<span class="zhuanming">杜光庭</span>之論，宜受天謫之也。<span class="shuming">搜神記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">杜光庭</span>初爲書生，後爲道士。隨<span class="zhuanming">熙宗</span>倖<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，後爲<span class="zhuanming">王建</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3693" id="3677">〔九〕</a>太子傅，死于<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>。</span> <span>其意以畋獵﹑飲酒﹑聲色﹑臺榭，克喪于家邦，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">只以此等爲喪家邦，不以毁廢爲喪，而便爲之無益。</span> <span>而始爲之益乎？<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：「人之好善，福雖未至，去禍遠矣。人之爲惡，凶雖未至，去禍近矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3694" id="3678">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">東平王</span>曰：「爲善最樂。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3695" id="3679">〔一一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">樂廣</span>曰：「名教中自有樂事<a class="zhuhao" href="#3696" id="3680">〔一二〕</a>。」凡此至言，未嘗非益，但非下士之所知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【東平王】<span class="zhuanming">東平獻王</span><span class="zhuanming">蒼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">光武</span>子。【最樂】下音落。【樂廣】<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span>太子舍人。【凡此】皆<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">東平</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">樂廣</span>。</span> <span>嗟乃世無賢直，使<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>也始縱。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>妻<span class="zhuanming">郭氏</span>誦<span class="shuming">般若經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>取經灰之於厠。至是將刑，檻車送城南<a class="zhuhao" href="#3697" id="3681">〔一三〕</a>。衛士十人，行溲其上。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">溲，旋溺也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【檻車】<span class="shuming">長楊賦</span>云：狐兔麋鹿，載以檻車，輸<span class="zhuanming">長楊</span>射熊館<a class="zhuhao" href="#3698" id="3682">〔一四〕</a>。注云<a class="zhuhao" href="#3699" id="3683">〔一五〕</a>檻車者，載獸車也。【溲】音廋。</span> <span>呼聲嗷嗷<a class="zhuhao" href="#3700" id="3684">〔一六〕</a>，曰斯投經之報也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">出<span class="zhuanming">盧求</span><span class="shuming">金剛經驗</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3669" id="3685">〔一〕</a>奄：覆蓋。奄有謂全部佔有。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">傳説</span>得之，以相<span class="zhuanming">武丁</span>，奄有天下。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3670" id="3686">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">懷</span><span class="zhuanming">愍</span>：<span class="zhuanming">懷</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">晉懷帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬熾</span>；<span class="zhuanming">愍</span>，原誤作「敏」，即<span class="zhuanming">晉愍帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬鄴</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00606','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P606</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3671" id="3687">〔三〕</a>凶謀：猶陰謀，兇險的謀劃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3672" id="3688">〔四〕</a>裂：原誤作「製」，據文義改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3673" id="3689">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">文成</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">文成帝</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋浚</span>（公元四四○—四六五年），字<span class="zhuanming">烏雷直勤</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太武帝</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">世祖</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋燾</span>）之孫，<span class="zhuanming">興安</span>元年（四五二），恢復佛教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3674" id="3690">〔六〕</a>股肱：本指人的大腿和胳膊，喻指重要的輔佐之臣。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">説命下</span>：「股肱惟人，良臣惟聖。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「手足具乃成人，有良臣乃成聖。」　嬖臣：受寵倖的近臣。　耳目：比喻輔佐或親信之人。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「帝曰：『臣作朕股肱耳目。』」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「君爲元首，臣爲股肱耳目，大體如一身也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3675" id="3691">〔七〕</a>支：通「肢」。指股肱。　竅：指耳目。　瘵：瘵疾，疫病。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3676" id="3692">〔八〕</a>大命：天命。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">太甲上</span>：「天監厥德，用集大命，撫綏萬方。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「天視<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>德，集王命於其身。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷六○<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">弔魏武帝文</span>：「當<span class="zhuanming">建安</span>之三八，實大命之所艱。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「大命，謂天命也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3677" id="3693">〔九〕</a>建：原誤作「逮」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3678" id="3694">〔一○〕</a>見<span class="zhuanming">徐幹</span><span class="shuming">中論</span>卷上<span class="shuming">脩本篇</span>：「人而好善，福雖未至，禍其遠矣；人而不好善，禍雖未至，福其遠矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3679" id="3695">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四二<span class="shuming">東平憲王蒼傳</span>：「日者問<span class="zhuanming">東平王</span>處家何等最樂，王言爲善最樂，其言甚大，副是要腹矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3680" id="3696">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">德行</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">王平子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">胡毋彦國</span>諸人，皆以任放爲達，或有裸體者。<span class="zhuanming">樂廣</span>笑曰：『名教中自有樂地，何爲乃爾也？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3681" id="3697">〔一三〕</a>檻車：囚車。用栅欄封閉，用於押運犯人。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">張耳陳餘傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">貫高</span>怨家知其謀，告之，於是上逮<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00607','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P607</span></i>捕<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>諸反者。……乃檻車與王詣<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注曰：「檻車者，車而爲檻形，謂以板四周之，無所通見。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3682" id="3698">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">長楊</span>射熊館：原作「長射態館」，據引文出處補改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3683" id="3699">〔一五〕</a>云：原作「之」，據文義改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3684" id="3700">〔一六〕</a>嗷嗷：叫喊聲。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">九歎</span><span class="shuming">惜賢</span>：「聲嗷嗷以寂寥兮，顧僕夫之憔悴。」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「嗷嗷，呼聲也。」</span> </p><p> <span>論曰：邪見輕者，將死續善，善斯續矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">善者浄信心也。信爲道元功德母，長養一切諸善法<a class="zhuhao" href="#3704" id="3701">〔一〕</a>。緣力斷善者，生地獄時續。因力斷善者，死地獄時續。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span><span class="zhuanming">無垢</span>稱論師，適<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>塔前，告于幽靈，矢毁大乘，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">矢，誓也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【適】途適也。</span> <span>破<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>論。言訖，心狂舌出。於所終地，忽然而陷。其坑逮于今，見者惴惴然，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">惴惴，懼也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惴】之以切，憂心也。</span> <span>孰能無傷乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3705" id="3702">〔二〕</a>？沙門<span class="zhuanming">惠眺</span>，究小乘學，聲流<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">像王哲</span>講三論，謗言：「三論明空，講者著空。」尋則舌挺三尺，耳鼻灑血，精誠號悔，七日乃復<a class="zhuhao" href="#3706" id="3703">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【眺】音糶，僧名。【像王】應此象字。<span class="zhuanming">定慧寺</span><span class="zhuanming">哲法師</span>行似象王，因號<span class="zhuanming">像王哲</span>。【三論】<span class="shuming">中論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">百論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門論</span>。【挺】出也，拔也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3701" id="3704">〔一〕</a>浄信：指完全破除無明之惑後得到的純正﹑清浄的信仰。<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經</span>卷六：「信爲道元功德母，增長一切諸善法。」又卷一四：「信爲道元功德母，長養一切諸善法。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3702" id="3705">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">無垢</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">無垢友</span>，爲説一切有部論師。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四<span class="shuming">秣底補羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">庵没羅林</span>側有窣堵波，<span class="zhuanming">毗末羅蜜多羅</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">無垢友</span>）論師之遺身。論師<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>人也，於説一切有部而出家焉。博綜衆經，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00608','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P608</span></i>研究異論。遊<span class="zhuanming">五印度</span>國，學三藏玄文。名立業成，將歸本國。途次<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>論師窣堵波也，拊而歎曰：『惟論師雅量清高，抑揚大義，方欲挫異部，立本宗業也。如何降年不永！我<span class="zhuanming">無垢友</span>猥承末學，異時慕義，曠代懷德。<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>雖没，宗學尚傳，我盡所知，當製諸論，令<span class="zhuanming">贍部洲</span>諸學人等絶大乘稱，滅<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>名，斯爲不朽，用盡宿心。』説是語已，心發狂亂，五舌重出，熱血流湧。知命必終，裁書悔曰：『夫大乘教者，佛法之中究竟説也。名味泯絶，理致幽玄。輕以愚昧，駁斥先進，業報皎然，滅身宜矣。敢告學人，厥鑒斯在，各慎爾志，無得懷疑。』大地爲震，命遂終焉。當其死處，地陷爲坑。同旅焚尸，收骸旌建。時有羅漢見而歎曰：『惜哉！苦哉！今此論師，任情執見，毁惡大乘，墮無間獄。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3703" id="3706">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">惠眺</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一五：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧眺</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>。少出家，以小乘爲業。遊學<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">徐</span><span class="zhuanming">青</span><span class="zhuanming">海</span>諸州，數論之精，馳譽<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>。<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>末年，還住鄉壤之<span class="zhuanming">報善寺</span>。承<span class="zhuanming">象王哲公</span>在<span class="zhuanming">下龍泉</span>講開三論，心生不忍，曰：『三論明空，講者著空。』當發言訖，舌出三尺，鼻眼兩耳，並皆流血，七日不語。有<span class="zhuanming">汰律師</span>，聞其撥略大乘，舌即挺出，告曰：『汝大癡也。一言毁經，罪過五逆。可信大乘，方可免耳。』乃令燒香發願，懺悔前言，舌還收入，便輿往<span class="zhuanming">哲</span>所，誓心斂跡，惟聽大乘。」</span> </p><p> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">安慧則</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>中於<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>以黄縑手寫<span class="shuming">大品</span>一部爲一卷，凡十本。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【安慧則】高僧也。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">安惠其</span>，<span class="shuming">祥記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">惠則</span>，不知孰是。【大品】五卷或四十卷，<span class="shuming">智論</span>所譯者是。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">周仲智</span>妻<span class="zhuanming">胡毋氏</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">復姓。</span> <span>持一本過<span class="zhuanming">江陵</span>，爲鄰火所逮，不遑取經，唯悲泣若疾。火熸，於煨燼中<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00609','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P609</span></i>得經，無一字虧損。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【江陵】<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>。【熸】子兼切，滅也。</span> <span>崇邪者崩首而信。此經至<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>世，猶藏于御閣。<span class="zhuanming">侯景</span>之亂也，亡所在矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3708" id="3707">〔一〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3707" id="3708">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">安慧則傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">安慧則</span>，未詳氏族。少無恒性，卓越異人。而工正書﹑善談吐。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>中，天下疫病，<span class="zhuanming">則</span>晝夜祈誠，願天神降藥，以愈萬民。一日出寺門，見兩石形如甕，<span class="zhuanming">則</span>疑是異物，取看之，果有神水在内。病者飲服，莫不皆愈。後止<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span><span class="zhuanming">大市寺</span>，手自細書黄縑，寫<span class="shuming">大品經</span>一部，合爲一卷，字如小豆，而分明可識，凡十餘本。以一本與<span class="zhuanming">汝南</span><span class="zhuanming">周仲智</span>妻<span class="zhuanming">胡毋氏</span>供養。<span class="zhuanming">胡毋</span>過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>，齎經自隨。後爲災火所延，倉卒不暇取經，悲泣懊惱。火息後，乃於灰中得之。首軸顔色，一無虧損。于時同見聞者，莫不迴邪改信，此經今在京師<span class="zhuanming">簡靖寺</span><span class="zhuanming">首尼</span>處。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>北本<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>譯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沮渠蒙遜譯】<span class="shuming">大涅槃經</span>四十卷，<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span><span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>請<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>，非是<span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>譯也。</span> <span>創行南土，<span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝靈運</span>以其品疏詞野，依<span class="shuming">泥洹</span>本共加潤色，删削解脱。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即南本<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泥洹本】<span class="shuming">泥洹經</span>六卷。【共加潤色等】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云：依<span class="shuming">泥洹</span>本加之品目，文有過質，頗亦治改矣。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>夜夢神人鎧仗惋赫，色高聲勵，將討其罪，乃驚悟而起，悸</span> <span class="font12 zhu">葵季反。</span> <span>汗恍惚，聚族會論，欲追復前本，識者止之曰：「此蓋爲欲誡後人耳。必若苟違，何容即時方感？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鎧仗】上音凱，甲之别名；杖，兵也。【惋赫】上烏貫切，驚歎也；下是嚇字，怒也。【悸】心動也。【苟違】不應也。【即時方感】即，就也；方，正也，纔也。<span class="shuming">傳</span>云即時方夢。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>他日又夢<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00610','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P610</span></i>曰：「君以弘經精至，後必當見佛也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3710" id="3709">〔一〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3709" id="3710">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧嚴</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">范</span>，<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>人。年十二爲諸生，博曉詩書。十六出家，又精煉佛理。……<span class="shuming">大涅槃經</span>初至<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>土，文言致善，而品數疏簡，初學難以措懷。<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>迺共<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝靈運</span>等依<span class="shuming">泥洹</span>本加之品目。文有過質，頗亦治改，始有數本流行。<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>迺夢見一人，形狀極偉，厲聲謂<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>曰：『<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>尊經，何以輕加斟酌？』<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>覺已惕然，迺更集僧，欲收前本。時識者咸云：『此蓋欲誡厲後人耳。若必不應者，何容即時方夢？』<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>以爲然。頃之，又夢神人告曰：『君以弘經之力，必當見佛也。』<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>以<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>二十年，卒于<span class="zhuanming">東安寺</span>，春秋八十有一矣。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉末</span><span class="zhuanming">洪豫</span>鑄丈六像，未及開摸<a class="zhuhao" href="#3714" id="3711">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【晉末洪豫】此文不足。<span class="shuming">傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">僧洪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>人。下文皆以豫字爲名，甚悮。【未及】有是末字，悮。</span> <span>會銅禁甚嚴，<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>時爲相國，<span class="zhuanming">豫</span>坐繫丞相府，誦<span class="shuming">觀音經</span>，夢像摩其頂問：「怖不？」<span class="zhuanming">豫</span>曰：「自念必死，安得不怖？」覩像胸前，銅色燋沸。殆臨刑會，監官牛奔車壞。更克日<a class="zhuhao" href="#3715" id="3712">〔二〕</a>，有令從<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>來，原<span class="zhuanming">豫</span>之罪。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>也。原，赦也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【從彭城來】時<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>出鎮<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>。</span> <span>比開摸，像胸如所夢焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3716" id="3713">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">比及也，燋沸也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3711" id="3714">〔一〕</a>摸：當爲「模」字之形誤。<span class="zhuanming">洪豫</span>，「豫」本非其名，當因「<span class="zhuanming">僧洪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>人」而誤。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>已指出。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3712" id="3715">〔二〕</a>克日：約定日期。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3713" id="3716">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">洪豫</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">僧洪傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧洪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>人，止于京師<span class="zhuanming">瓦官寺</span>。少而修身整潔，後率化有緣，造丈六金像。鎔鑄始畢，未及開模。時<span class="zhuanming">晉末</span>銅禁甚嚴，犯者必死。<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>于時爲相國，<span class="zhuanming">洪</span>坐罪繫于相<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00611','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P611</span></i>府，唯誦<span class="shuming">觀世音經</span>，一心歸命佛像。夜夢所鑄像來，手摩<span class="zhuanming">洪</span>頭，問：『怖不？』<span class="zhuanming">洪</span>言：『自念必死。』像曰：『無憂。』見像胸方尺許，銅色燋沸。會當行刑，府參軍監殺，而牛奔車壞，因更剋日。續有令從<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>來，云：『未殺<span class="zhuanming">僧洪</span>者可原。』遂獲免。還開模，見像胸前果有燋沸。<span class="zhuanming">洪</span>後以苦行卒矣。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">東魏</span><span class="zhuanming">高歡</span>爲丞相，有<span class="zhuanming">孫敬德</span>者，兵家役人也，戍于邊鎮，造石<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>像，至誠無二。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戍】傷遇切，遏也，舍也。從人荷戈也。</span> <span>後<span class="zhuanming">敬德</span>爲他罪所累，置死刑。既迫于刑期，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【累】去呼，緣坐也。</span> <span>爽旦<a class="zhuhao" href="#3720" id="3717">〔一〕</a>，有僧告之曰：「吾以經授汝。至日午，但誦滿千遍則免矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爽旦有僧告曰】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云：夢一沙門令誦經。</span> <span>口受訖，失僧所在。<span class="zhuanming">敬德</span>念罹身禍，誠誦弗懈。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【罹】音離，遭遇也。<span class="shuming">北征賦</span>云：余遭世之顛覆兮，罹填塞之阨災也。</span> <span>纔畢其數，法官行刑，舉刃皆折，但聞硜然<a class="zhuhao" href="#3721" id="3718">〔二〕</a>，如觸石之響。<span class="zhuanming">敬德</span>被鞠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鞠，窮問也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞠】音菊，推窮也。</span> <span>曰：「無乃像應歟？」公傳往驗之，其頸果有數迹。<span class="zhuanming">高氏</span>録其經而題之曰「<span class="shuming">高王觀世音經</span>」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3722" id="3719">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【公傳】下去呼，郵馬也。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>曰：傳，傳也。人所止息，去後又復來，轉轉相傳，無常人也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3717" id="3720">〔一〕</a>爽旦：黎明，清晨。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3718" id="3721">〔二〕</a>硜：敲擊石頭的聲音。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3719" id="3722">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二九<span class="shuming">釋僧明傳</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span><span class="zhuanming">天平</span><span class="zhuanming">定州</span>募士<span class="zhuanming">孫敬德</span>於防所造<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>像，及年滿還，常加禮事。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00612','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P612</span></i>後爲劫賊所引，禁在京獄，不勝拷掠，遂妄承罪，並處極刑，明旦將决。心既切至，淚如雨下，便自誓曰：『今被枉酷，當是過去曾枉他來，願償債畢了。又願一切衆生所有禍横，弟子代受。』言已少時，依俙如睡，夢一沙門教誦<span class="shuming">觀世音救生經</span>。經有佛名，令誦千遍，得免死厄。<span class="zhuanming">德</span>既覺已，緣夢中經，了無謬誤。比至平明，已滿百遍。有司執縛向市，且行且誦。臨欲加刑，誦滿千遍。執刀下斫，折爲三段。三换其刀，皮肉不損。怪以奏聞，承相<span class="zhuanming">高歡</span>表請免刑，仍敕傳寫，被之於世，今所謂『<span class="shuming">高王觀世音</span>』是也。<span class="zhuanming">德</span>既放還，觀在防時所造像，項有三刀跡。悲感之深，慟發鄉邑。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">孫卿</span>云：「報應之勢，各以類至。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3726" id="3723">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孫卿】姓<span class="zhuanming">荀</span>名<span class="zhuanming">況</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">蘭陵</span>令。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>避<span class="zhuanming">宣宗</span>諱曰<span class="zhuanming">孫</span>。</span> <span>言可信矣。故古者旌德以沮惡，宣禍以弘善。使人不以惡爲無傷而不去，不以善爲無益而不爲也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【故古者】<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>有進善之旌。旌，精也，有精光也。</span> <span>但業理在徐疾，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">順生順後爲徐，順現爲疾也。</span> <span>報應期乎遠近。情慮生於篤薄，損益差於輕重。而吉凶之數，屬若影響，故天網疏而不漏，陰府幽而甚明。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【屬】音燭，足也，會也。又，音蜀，類也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">于公</span>高門而待封，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">于公</span><span class="zhuanming">定國</span>致仕，高其門，謂人曰：「吾曾掌獄無私，子孫必顯達。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【于公定國】下二字剩。<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">定國</span>父也。<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span><span class="zhuanming">于定國</span>傳云：<span class="zhuanming">定國</span>父<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>爲縣獄吏﹑郡决曹，决獄。<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>所决者，皆不恨<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>。其門閭壞，父老方共治之。<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>謂曰：子高閭門，令容駟馬高蓋車。我治獄多陰德，未曾有所冤，子孫必有興者。至<span class="zhuanming">于定國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">甘露</span>中，<span class="zhuanming">黄霸</span>爲丞相，封<span class="zhuanming">西平侯</span>，年七十餘薨，子永嗣爲侯，應<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>高門之意者也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>母掃墓而待誅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3727" id="3724">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">嚴延年</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>尹，酷法。其母日掃墓曰：「我子酷法，吾將待其誅也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嚴延<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00613','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P613</span></i>年】<span class="zhuanming">嚴延年</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">次卿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東海</span><span class="zhuanming">下邳</span>人。爲<span class="zhuanming">涿郡</span>太守，彼殺凶尤多。已至<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>府令尹，高强中下吏民，傷殺者尤多。<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>號爲<span class="zhuanming">屠伯</span>。次後<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>母從<span class="zhuanming">東海</span>來，欲從<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>。將至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，適見執囚。母大驚，便止都亭，不肯入府。<span class="zhuanming">嚴延</span>謁母，母閉閣不見。<span class="zhuanming">嚴延</span>冕冠良久，母見責曰：幸得備郡守，不聞仁愛，多刑殺人。母府會畢，謂<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>曰：天道神明，人不可獨殺。我不意老見壯子被戮也。行去矣，爲汝東皈，掃除墓地。後<span class="zhuanming">嚴延</span>果死矣。</span> <span>豈謬也哉！人亦有言曰「種植不見其長，有時而大；砥礪莫覩其虧，終消厥厚」是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3728" id="3725">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">砥礪，磨石也。人之爲行，必自有報。善惡相符，猶如影響。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【人亦有言】<span class="zhuanming">枚乘</span>語也。或<span class="zhuanming">師政</span>論文也。【砥礪】上脂﹑旨二音，下力勢切。傳云：砥礪，皆磨石也。然砥細於礪也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3723" id="3726">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">刑法志</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">商</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">白</span>之徒，皆身誅戮於前，而國滅亡於後。報應之勢，各以類至，其道然矣。」<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">宥坐</span>：「爲善者天報之以福，爲不善者天報之以禍。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3724" id="3727">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">于公</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢代</span><span class="zhuanming">東海</span><span class="zhuanming">郯</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">于定國</span>之父，精通法律，治獄勤謹，以善於决獄而成名，著名「<span class="zhuanming">東海</span>孝婦案」的判决者。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">雋疏于薛平彭傳</span><span class="shuming">于定國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">于定國</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">曼倩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東海</span><span class="zhuanming">郯</span>人也。其父<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>爲縣獄吏，郡决曹，决獄平，羅文法者<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>所决皆不恨。郡中爲之生立祠，號曰<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>祠。<span class="zhuanming">東海</span>有孝婦，少寡，亡子，養姑甚謹，姑欲嫁之，終不肯。姑謂鄰人曰：『孝婦事我勤苦，哀其亡子守寡。我老，久絫丁壯，奈何？』其後姑自經死，姑女告吏：『婦殺我母。』吏捕孝婦，孝婦辭不殺姑。吏驗治，孝婦自誣服。具獄上府，<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>以爲此婦養姑十餘年，以孝聞，必不殺也。太守不聽，<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>争之，弗能得，乃抱其具獄，哭於府上，因辭疾去。太守竟論殺孝婦。郡中枯旱三年。後太守至，卜筮其故，<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>曰：『孝婦不當死，前太守彊斷之，咎黨在是乎？』於是太守殺牛自祭孝婦冢，因表其墓，天立大雨，歲孰。郡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00614','1865876',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P614</span></i>中以此大敬重<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>。……始，<span class="zhuanming">定國</span>父<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>，其閭門壞，父老方共治之。<span class="zhuanming">于公</span>謂曰：『少高大閭門，令容駟馬高蓋車。我治獄多陰德，未嘗有所冤，子孫必有興者。』至<span class="zhuanming">定國</span>爲丞相，<span class="zhuanming">永</span>爲御史大夫，封侯傳世云。」　嚴母句：<span class="zhuanming">嚴延年</span>（？—前五八年）<span class="zhuanming">東海</span><span class="zhuanming">下邳</span>人，「用刑刻急」，「吏民莫能測其意深淺，戰栗不敢犯禁」。「<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>號曰『屠伯』」。「坐怨望非謗政治不道棄市」。「初，<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>母從<span class="zhuanming">東海</span>來，欲從<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>臘，到<span class="zhuanming">雒陽</span>，適見報囚。母大驚，便止都亭，不肯入府。<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>出至都亭謁母，母閉閣不見。<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>免冠頓首閣下，良久，母乃見之，因數責<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>：『幸得備郡守，專治千里，不聞仁愛教化，有以全安愚民，顧乘刑罰多刑殺人，欲以立威，豈爲民父母意哉！』<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>服罪，重頓首謝，因自爲母御，歸府舍。母畢正臘，謂<span class="zhuanming">延年</span>：『天道神明，人不可獨殺。我不意當老見壯子被刑戮也！行矣！去女東歸，掃除墓地耳。』遂去，歸郡，見昆弟宗人，復爲言之。後歲餘，果敗。<span class="zhuanming">東海</span>莫不賢知其母。」見<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷九○<span class="shuming">酷吏傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3725" id="3728">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷一四<span class="zhuanming">李師政</span><span class="shuming">内德論</span><span class="shuming">通命篇</span>：「夫種殖不見其長，有時而大；砥礪莫睹其虧，終銷厥厚。」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
卷第八
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133634" key="1133634"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第八 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133635" key="1133635"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00615','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P615</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000029">論業理第十三<span class="font12 zhu">三世行支曰業，徵索求理曰論<a class="zhuhao" href="#3736" id="3729">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：佛具十智力，注非。謂有過﹑現﹑未來業報﹑智力等知業，其餘小聖，不能知也。</span></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">覺皇</span>有業智力，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛有無漏浄業﹑八識四智等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3737" id="3730">〔二〕</a>，又示相門中，有九業報<a class="zhuhao" href="#3738" id="3731">〔三〕</a>：一，梵志女<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>謗佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3739" id="3732">〔四〕</a>；二，<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>婆女繫木杅謗佛懷姙<a class="zhuhao" href="#3740" id="3733">〔五〕</a>；三，<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>推山壓佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3741" id="3734">〔六〕</a>；四，迸木槍刺佛足；五，<span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>害<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種，佛亦頭痛；六，受<span class="zhuanming">阿耆達多</span>婆羅門請，佛九十日食馬麥；七，冷風動佛背痛；八，六年苦行；九，入婆羅聚落乞食，空鉢而迴。又冬至前後八日，夜寒索衣。又患熱，令<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>在後執扇等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覺皇】曉也，諭諸法故；明也，破大暗故；寤也，出夢宅故；知也，達性相故。皇者，大也，無不覆故；君也，天人尊故；美也，相好嚴故。注大統也，大千故。覺皇，猶大覺也。覺，自覺﹑他覺，行圓滿故。【杅】音盂，盤鉢也，食器也。【妊】汝鴆切，孕也。【壓】鎮也，音鴨。【迸木槍】上比争切，散也。槍，梢也。此有兩意：一云迸散木片刺佛脚，故曰木槍；二云伏地傷盜，謂之曰槍。佛觸履而此山傷其足。或云馬槍，即今衮槍柜子也。<span class="shuming">二儀實録</span>云<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>置槍。<span class="zhuanming">諸葛亮</span>以木槍長二丈五，鐵爲槍。</span> <span>哀哉有生，貌異音殊，苦樂愚智﹑尊卑壽夭，故大昭業理，用啓人惑。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">良由起異類見，造異類業，受異類報也。</span> <span>小聖之所不及，況非聖者<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00616','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P616</span></i>乎？而有譸張忿懫者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">譸張，誑也。忿懫，怒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譸】音周，謗也。張，誑惑也。【懫】之日切，寒也，滿也。</span> <span>自謂得一之見<a class="zhuhao" href="#3742" id="3735">〔七〕</a>，人莫吾之若也，所謂命矣，非業之由也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有一類背悷之徒，不信業報，皆言天命者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【自謂得一之見】一，道也；見，執也。自執己得天地清寒之道也。【悷】盧帝切，攏悷多惡也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3729" id="3736">〔一〕</a>行支：十二因緣的第二支，謂過去身口意所造業。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3730" id="3737">〔二〕</a>漏：指煩惱。有煩惱而輪迴生死，叫做「有漏」；没有煩惱而能出離生死，即斷除煩惱，證取涅槃之道，叫做「無漏」。　八識：眼﹑耳﹑鼻﹑舌﹑身﹑意爲前六識，亦名六根。末那爲第七識，意謂執持我見。阿賴耶爲第八識，意爲藏，謂能藏一切法，即所謂神識﹑性靈，合稱八識。<span class="shuming">佛説天地八陽神咒經</span>：「云何名八識？眼是色識，耳是聲識，鼻是香識，舌是味識，身是觸識，意是分别識。六根是六識。含藏識，阿賴耶識，是名曰八識。」　四智：指<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>所具有的四種智慧，轉八識而得四種智慧：成所作智（轉前五識所得）﹑妙觀察智（轉第六識所得）﹑平等性智（轉第七識所得）﹑大圓境智（轉第八識所得）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3731" id="3738">〔三〕</a>九業報：指佛因過去世之業障，在成道後所遭受的九種災難。佛教認爲造業將引生種種果報。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷九合稱爲「九罪報」：一﹑受梵志女<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>所謗，五百羅漢亦被謗。佛昔爲博戲浪人，曾誘淫女<span class="zhuanming">鹿相</span>至<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>日常修道之園中娱樂，後殺<span class="zhuanming">鹿相</span>女而嫁禍<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>，故受<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>謗之報。二﹑受<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>婆羅門女繫木盂佯作腹所謗。佛昔爲一比丘，因妒<span class="zhuanming">無勝比丘</span>受<span class="zhuanming">善幻</span>婦之供養，遂謗<span class="zhuanming">無勝</span>與<span class="zhuanming">善幻</span>通，由此佛説法時受<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>女繫盂於腹譭謗誣賴之報。三﹑受<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>推山石壓傷足趾。佛昔爲<span class="zhuanming">須<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00617','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P617</span></i>摩提</span>，因不欲與其異母弟分財産，遂於高崖推落其弟，投石擊殺，故遭<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>石擊之報。四﹑迸木刺脚。佛昔爲部主商客，因争船格戰，以矛刺穿另一部主脚致其命終，故於乞食時受木槍穿徹足趺之報。五﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗琉璃王</span>興兵殺諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子，佛時頭痛。昔時<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種族捕殺池中之魚，佛爲一童子，曾以杖打魚頭，故受<span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>殺<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種之報，且於其時，佛感頭痛。六﹑受<span class="zhuanming">阿耆達多</span>婆羅門之請而食馬麥。佛昔爲婆羅門時，曾妒<span class="zhuanming">比婆葉如來</span>及比丘衆受<span class="zhuanming">盤頭王</span>供養，遂發惡言，並教其五百童子駡彼等須食馬麥，故佛及五百羅漢於<span class="zhuanming">毗蘭邑</span>時，受食馬麥九十日之報。七﹑冷風吹動則背脊痛。八﹑六年苦行。佛昔爲婆羅門之子<span class="zhuanming">火鬘</span>，與瓦師之子<span class="zhuanming">護喜</span>相善，<span class="zhuanming">護喜</span>曾數邀<span class="zhuanming">火鬘</span>拜見<span class="zhuanming">迦葉如來</span>，然<span class="zhuanming">火鬘</span>以「何用見此髡道人」的惡言三拒，由此因緣受六年苦行之報。九﹑入婆羅門聚落乞食不得，空鉢而還。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3732" id="3739">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">須陀利</span>等，意譯「好首」﹑「可愛」。佛在世時，其在大衆中謗佛。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">室羅伐悉底國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>十力無畏，一切種智。人天宗仰，聖賢遵奉。時諸外道，共相議曰：『宜行詭詐，衆中謗辱。』乃誘雇婬女，詐爲聽法。衆所知已，密而殺之，埋尸樹側，稱怨告王。王命求訪於<span class="zhuanming">逝多園</span>，得其尸焉。是時外道高聲唱言：『<span class="zhuanming">喬答摩</span>大沙門常稱戒忍，今私此女，殺而滅口。既婬既殺，何戒何忍？』諸天空中隨聲唱曰：『外道凶人，爲此謗耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3733" id="3740">〔五〕</a>杅：浴盆。　<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>：<span class="zhuanming">旃遮摩那</span>，又作<span class="zhuanming">栴闍摩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">氈遮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">懷槃女子</span>，意譯「暴志」，指妨礙<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>度衆之婆羅門女。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">室羅伐悉底國</span>：「佛爲人天説諸法要。有外道弟子，遥見<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>大衆恭敬，便自念曰：『要於今日辱<span class="zhuanming">喬答摩</span>，敗其善譽，當令我師獨擅芳聲。』乃懷繫木盂，至<span class="zhuanming">給孤獨園</span>，於大衆中揚聲唱曰：『此説法人與我私通，腹中之子，乃<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種也。』邪見者莫不信然，貞固者知爲訕謗。時<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00618','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P618</span></i><span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>欲除疑故，化爲白鼠，齧斷盂系。系斷之聲，震動大衆。凡諸見聞，增深喜悦。衆中一人起持木盂，示彼女曰：『是汝兒耶？』是時也，地自開坼，全身墜陷，入無間獄，具受其殃。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3734" id="3741">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>：爲佛堂弟。於<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>投下大石，雖爲<span class="zhuanming">金毗羅神</span>接阻，但碎片傷佛足而出血。　厭：壓，壓覆。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷九下：「厭，笮也。」<span class="zhuanming">段</span>注：「此義今人字作壓，乃古今字之殊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3735" id="3742">〔七〕</a>得一：得道。<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「昔之得一者：天得一以清；地得一以寧；神得一以靈；谷得一以盈；萬物得一以生；侯王得一以爲天下正。」<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>注：「一，數之始而物之極也，各是一物之生，所以爲主也。物皆各得此一以成。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「天命之謂性。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3749" id="3743">〔一〕</a>「得之自是，不得之自是，以聽天命。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3750" id="3744">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">外典稱業爲天命，子云「命矣」。夫修短之性命，皆自是天之所注也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「道之將行也歟，命也。道之將廢也歟，命也。<span class="zhuanming">公伯僚</span>其如命何！」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3751" id="3745">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">公伯僚</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，毁<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>於<span class="zhuanming">叔孫武叔</span>，夫子故有是言也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【公伯僚】<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">弟子傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子周</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人。今不在七十二人之數也。【毁仲尼】注非，如餘傳。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：「死生有命，富貴在天。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3752" id="3746">〔四〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">死生揔報業，富貴别報業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3753" id="3747">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魯公</span>欲見<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯平公</span>將見<span class="zhuanming">孟軻</span>，以其賢德故也。</span> <span>嬖人<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>毁於公而止。<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>聞之曰：「天也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3754" id="3748">〔六〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>云：「君不見我，自是天命未會，非<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>能止。」</span> <span>是知由業，故不然矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以緣業爲天命也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3743" id="3749">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「天命之謂性，率性之謂道，修道之謂教。道也者，不可須臾離也；可離，非道也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3744" id="3750">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">表記</span>：「求以事君，得之自是，不得自是，以聽天命。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00619','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P619</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3745" id="3751">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>愬<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>於<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子服景伯</span>以告，曰：『夫子固有惑志於<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>，吾力猶能肆諸市朝。』子曰：『道之將行也與，命也。道之將廢也與，命也。<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>其如命何！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3746" id="3752">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">司馬牛</span>憂曰：『人皆有兄弟，我獨亡！』<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>聞之矣：死生有命，富貴在天。君子敬而無失，與人恭而有禮。四海之内，皆兄弟也。君子何患乎無兄弟也？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3747" id="3753">〔五〕</a>揔報業﹑别報業：由引業牽引衆生感得四生﹑五趣等異熟（因異世成熟，故名）總體，稱爲總報。如生在人道者，彼此都是人，均受同樣的人道的果報，是爲「總報」。由滿業力所感受之異熟生各不相同，稱爲别報。比如雖然都是人，但六根有好壞，壽命有長短，人各不同，是爲「别報」。其招總報之業因者，爲總報業；感别報之業因者，爲别報業。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3748" id="3754">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">梁惠王下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">魯平公</span>將出。嬖人<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>者請曰：『他日君出，則必命有司所之。今乘輿已駕矣，有司未知所之。敢請。』公曰：『將見<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>。』曰：『何哉？君所爲輕身以先於匹夫者，以爲賢乎？禮義由賢者出。而<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>之後喪踰前喪。君無見焉！』公曰：『諾。』<span class="zhuanming">樂正子</span>入見，曰：『君奚爲不見<span class="zhuanming">孟軻</span>也？』曰：『或告寡人曰，「<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>之後喪踰前喪」，是以不往見也。』曰：『何哉，君所謂踰者？前以士，後以大夫；前以三鼎，而後以五鼎與？』曰：『否。謂棺槨衣衾之美也。』曰：『非所謂踰也，貧富不同也。』<span class="zhuanming">樂正子</span>見<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">克</span>告於君，君爲來見也。嬖人有<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>者沮君，君是以不果來也。』曰：『行或使之，止或尼之。行止，非人所能也。吾之不遇<span class="zhuanming">魯侯</span>，天也。<span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>之子焉能使予不遇哉？』」</span> </p><p> <span>且仁者克己<a class="zhuhao" href="#3758" id="3755">〔一〕</a>，不仁者害人；仁者危甚累棋，不仁者安過覆盂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3759" id="3756">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">積善殃咎，若<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00620','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P620</span></i><span class="zhuanming">比干</span>之徒。爲惡諧偶，若<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克己】上勝也；下私。道勝私己爲仁。【累棋】累十二棊子之上，復立九卵，至危者也。【覆盂】<span class="shuming">東方朔傳</span>也。調偶也。</span> <span>禍福篾徵，其在耳目。故<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>聖德，但自一己；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">翼善傳聖曰<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">丹朱</span>不肖而絶。仁聖盛明曰<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>不嗣而絶也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徵】驗也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">厲幽</span>昏淫，祚延七百。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">暴虐無親曰<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>，壅遏不通曰<span class="zhuanming">幽</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">周</span>王也。雖昏，猶延數世。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【厲】<span class="zhuanming">周</span>第十主，諱<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">夷王</span>子，好利奢侈，傲暴虐。國人叛，出匿而死，曰<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>。【幽】<span class="zhuanming">周</span>十二主，諱<span class="zhuanming">宫涅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣王</span>子。惑<span class="zhuanming">褒姒</span>，戲諸侯，<span class="zhuanming">申侯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">犬戎</span>同伐，殺王，謚曰<span class="zhuanming">幽</span>。</span> <span>三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>陵僭，世執<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>政<a class="zhuhao" href="#3760" id="3757">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>上卿，<span class="zhuanming">叔孫</span>中卿，<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>下卿。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>匡輔，嗣絶<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>史。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>也。佐<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>，九合諸侯，尊奬王室。<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>竟無後嗣也。【陵僭】上侵侮也；下越禮也。</span> <span>騷爲<span class="shuming">天問</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三閭大夫<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>也，著<span class="shuming">離騷經</span>，故謂騷人，有<span class="shuming">天問</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騷】愁也。【天問】<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>造<span class="shuming">楚辭</span>二十五篇，有<span class="shuming">離騷</span>與<span class="shuming">天問篇</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">班</span>賦<span class="shuming">通幽</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班固</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟堅</span>，著<span class="shuming">通幽賦</span>，傷賢良不用也。並在<span class="shuming">文選</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【班固幽通賦】<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">幽通賦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">曹大家</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">項岱</span>並有注。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">李</span>推<span class="shuming">運命</span>，其不爲此歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">李蕭遠</span>有<span class="shuming">運命論</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【李推運命】<span class="zhuanming">李康</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">蕭遠</span>，造<span class="shuming">運命論</span>。推，求也。【爲】因也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3755" id="3758">〔一〕</a>克己：謂克制私欲，嚴以律己。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3756" id="3759">〔二〕</a>累棋：累積的棋子。高則容易倒塌，比喻形勢很危險。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">秦策四</span>：「致至而危，累棋是也。」　覆盂：倒置的盂。比喻安定﹑安穩。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3757" id="3760">〔三〕</a>三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>：<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>三人，均爲<span class="zhuanming">魯桓公</span>的後代，故稱「三桓」。　陵僭：僭越，超越本<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00621','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P621</span></i>分。<span class="zhuanming">文公</span>死後，三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>勢力日强，實際掌握<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>的政權。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公二十七年</span>：「公患三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>之侈也，欲以諸侯去之；三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>亦患公之妄也，故君臣多間。」</span> </p><p> <span>故金仙之門，其孰能辯之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3773" id="3761">〔一〕</a>？由是群言師師，若妖厲憑舌<a class="zhuhao" href="#3774" id="3762">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">前有譸張之士述之，皆言是命，不是於業。後之承信，若巫覡之傳妖厲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巫覡】<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span>云：司巫，掌獄巫之政令。若國大旱，則師巫而舞雩<a class="zhuhao" href="#3775" id="3763">〔三〕</a>。然巫傳神語也。</span> <span>使君子大人聞之，猶若投杼<a class="zhuhao" href="#3776" id="3764">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>母織，有告<span class="zhuanming">參</span>殺人，母初不信。再告，母疑。三告，母投杼而走。以<span class="zhuanming">參</span>仁孝，報者不過三，母尚信之。今此不經之言，傳者不過三，達人君子亦須信之，況餘者？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【投杼】下音佇，機之持緯曰杼也。</span> <span>時袒右肩士，愀然不懌，徂履礪刃<a class="zhuhao" href="#3777" id="3765">〔五〕</a>，將斬其疑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時有偏袒<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子<a class="zhuhao" href="#3778" id="3766">〔六〕</a>，洞明業理，覩其迷謬，遂礪智鋒，將决其疑網也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愀】親小切，容色變也。【懌】音亦，悦樂也。</span> <span>曰：若稱命不稱業，其蔽也固。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蔽，塞。固，執也。</span> <span>夫業者，生乎運動者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">運動者，即發行之謂也。</span> <span>動有違順，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">善與善順，惡與善違。</span> <span>成乎善惡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">福業爲善，非福爲惡。</span> <span>善惡鍾乎報施<a class="zhuhao" href="#3779" id="3767">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">施戒善相應，殺盜惡際會。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鐘】聚也。</span> <span>然後有性命窮通生焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3780" id="3768">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">於揔報外有窮通﹑貧富﹑修短﹑聰暗﹑端正﹑醜陋，皆名别報業也。</span> <span>但機運之業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3781" id="3769">〔九〕</a>，有於輕重。而性命之報，有於今後。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">順現業，名今重也。順生順後業，名後則輕也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3782" id="3770">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>必若弗假乎業，而受命惟天，則何天道之賦命，而不均其厚薄<a class="zhuhao" href="#3783" id="3771">〔一一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若人等皆由天命，何故其道不均？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【賦】班賜也。</span> <span>必若業唯運動，不能招命，則祭豈有福，暴豈有傷乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今以宿行<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00622','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P622</span></i>定招名業，善惡現感名命。若唯有業者則合宿緣，感無移改，豈得現見？祭祀者獲福，兇暴者受殃，皆非宿業所感也。祀者但是冥助而已<a class="zhuhao" href="#3784" id="3772">〔一二〕</a>，兇暴者亦是順現别報也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3761" id="3773">〔一〕</a>金仙：指佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3762" id="3774">〔二〕</a>師師：衆多貌。　妖厲：鬼怪。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3763" id="3775">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">司巫</span>：「司巫：掌群巫之政令，若國大旱，則帥巫而舞雩。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3764" id="3776">〔四〕</a>投杼：比喻謡言衆多，動摇了對最親近者的信心。典出<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">秦策二</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>處<span class="zhuanming">費</span>，<span class="zhuanming">費</span>人有與<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>同名族者而殺人。人告<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>母曰：『<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>殺人。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>之母曰：『吾子不殺人。』織自若。有頃焉，人又曰：『<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>殺人。』其母尚織自若也。頃之，一人又告之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>殺人。』其母懼，投杼踰牆而走。夫以<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>之賢，與母之信也，而三人疑之，則慈母不能信也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3765" id="3777">〔五〕</a>愀然：憂愁貌。　懌：歡喜，高興。　徂：開始。　履：實行﹑實踐。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3766" id="3778">〔六〕</a>偏袒：佛教徒穿袈裟袒露右肩，以表示恭敬，並便於執持法器。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷中<span class="shuming">禮數</span>：「偏袒，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之儀也。此禮自<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span>世寖至今也。律云，偏露右肩，即肉袒也。律云，一切供養，皆偏袒，示有便於執作也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3767" id="3779">〔七〕</a>報施：猶報應。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3768" id="3780">〔八〕</a>窮通：困頓與顯達。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">讓王</span>：「古之得道者，窮亦樂，通亦樂，所樂非窮通也；道德於此，則窮通爲寒暑風雨之序矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3769" id="3781">〔九〕</a>機運：猶時機。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00623','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P623</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3770" id="3782">〔一○〕</a>順現業：「順現法受業」的略稱。所謂順現即現身，順現業即此生造業，此生便受果報。　順生業：順生受業，或稱順次生受業。謂此生造業，次生纔受果報。　順後業：順後受業，又稱順後次受業。謂於此生作業而於次生以後感得果報。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3771" id="3783">〔一一〕</a>賦命：給以生命。<span class="zhuanming">陶潛</span><span class="shuming">與子儼等疏</span>：「天地賦命，生必有死。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3772" id="3784">〔一二〕</a>冥助：謂佛的佑助。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「莫莫葛藟，施于條枚。豈弟君子，求福不回。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3788" id="3785">〔一〕</a>斯言何設歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">旱麓</span>之卒章也。旱，山名。麓，足也。取其不違先祖求福之道。回，違也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【葛藟】上古渴切，下力水切。蔓生藤也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「莫莫」等。【條枚】枝也。【豈弟】上苦改切，樂也；下易也。與愷悌同。【旱麓】上山名，在<span class="zhuanming">南鄭</span>；下音鹿，林也，屬山曰麓。</span> <span>然往世之業，有定不定<a class="zhuhao" href="#3789" id="3786">〔二〕</a>；而感今世性命，有變不變。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">業於時報，有定不定，性命有變不變，若順現變爲蛇等。别報則變，揔報不變也。</span> <span>其業若定，所感之命確乎不改。其業若不定，而所感之命則可損益之耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如憑善力，轉重令輕等。惡亦如是。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【確】苦角切，靳固也。</span> <span>然今世之業，有定不定，而令昔世所感性命，有變不變。其業若定，能改昔因，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如善業能改昔世之惡因。</span> <span>不定之命，致有窮通。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不定之命，謂别報也。本以惡故窮，今以善力改之，故通也。</span> <span>其業若不定，則一乎否泰耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#3790" id="3787">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂不定能改也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【否】閉也，塞也。<span class="shuming">象</span>曰：天地不交，否。君子以儉德辟難，不可榮以禄，曰否。【泰】通也。天地交而萬物通也，上下交而其志同也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00624','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P624</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3785" id="3788">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">旱麓</span>。　莫莫：繁密貌。　豈弟：和樂平易。　不回：不違祖先之道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3786" id="3789">〔二〕</a>定不定：即定業與不定業，是善惡之業所招感的果報。具體有三種情形：一﹑是否一定招感果報而分定業﹑不定業，即異熟果定或不定；二﹑招感果報的時節定或不定；三﹑合併前兩者，若果報與時節都爲定，則爲定業，不定則爲不定業。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3787" id="3790">〔三〕</a>否泰：指世道的盛衰，命運的順逆。本爲<span class="shuming">易</span>中的兩個卦名。天地交，萬物通謂之「泰」；不交閉塞謂之「否」。</span> </p><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>，遇佛爲法醫，遇<span class="zhuanming">耆婆</span>爲世醫，而不蠲於宿瘵<a class="zhuhao" href="#3798" id="3791">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">瘵，病也。如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>血痢，良醫云可食藕，乃令<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>往<span class="zhuanming">漫陀羅池</span>中取藕食之等。<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>喪目等，皆宿業也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【耆婆】或云<span class="zhuanming">耆域</span>，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>庶兄也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>，遇<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>著德行，遇諸侯務賢智，而不去其貧夭，蓋往世所感之命定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貧夭】乏財曰貧，<span class="zhuanming">閔子</span>；壽促曰夭，<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>。</span> <span>故今世行善，不能益之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子淵</span>。弟子，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人也，<span class="zhuanming">顔路</span>之子。家貧，三十早亡。<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子騫</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，有孝行。家貧，遭後母所苦，爲<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>家<span class="zhuanming">費</span>宰。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【費】音祕，<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>邑名。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">跋難陀</span>忮求而福盛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3799" id="3792">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">跋難陀比丘</span>富盛，有金錢數億也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跋難陀】六群一也。【忮求】忮，音置，害心也，很也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：君子不知德行，不忮不求，何用不臧。反此名忮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>酷恣而威强<a class="zhuhao" href="#3800" id="3793">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">育王</span>殺戮無度，置地獄等，而威震海隅。遇沙門<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>化之，建八萬四千塔也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>出君，死於牖下<a class="zhuhao" href="#3801" id="3794">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季桓子</span>逐出<span class="zhuanming">魯昭公</span>，竟死於<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3802" id="3795">〔五〕</a>，而攝祭祀，終獲死於<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【季桓子】應云平子。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>餔腸，終於上壽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3803" id="3796">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>爲賊，於<span class="zhuanming">東陵</span>日殺行人，取<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00625','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P625</span></i>心肝爲餔。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>不能化之，竟獲其死也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3804" id="3797">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餔】音晡，申食時也。</span> <span>蓋往世所感之命定也，今世不善不能損之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此以宿有善業，現惡不能掩之也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3791" id="3798">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">耆婆</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">耆婆伽</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">祗婆</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">時婆</span>」等，爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>時代之名醫。虔誠信仰佛教，屢次治癒佛弟子之病。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3792" id="3799">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">跋難陀</span>：意譯<span class="zhuanming">善喜</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">賢喜</span>，聞佛涅槃而歡喜之惡比丘。<span class="shuming">佛説長阿含經</span>卷四：「時彼衆中有<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種子，字<span class="zhuanming">跋難陀</span>，止諸比丘言：『汝等勿憂，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>滅度，我得自在。彼老常言：當應行是，不應行是，自今已後，隨我所爲。』」　忮求：嫉妒貪求。語出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">雄雉</span>：「百爾君子，不知德行。不忮不求，何用不臧？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3793" id="3800">〔三〕</a>酷恣：殘忍暴虐﹑放縱恣肆。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3794" id="3801">〔四〕</a>牖下：户牖間之前。死於牖下指壽終正寢。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">畢萬</span>，匹夫也。七戰皆獲，有馬百乘，死於牖下。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「死於牖下，言得壽終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3795" id="3802">〔五〕</a>此句句首當據文意補「<span class="zhuanming">魯昭公</span>」。竟：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「音」。　<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地。<span class="shuming">春秋</span><span class="shuming">昭公二十八年</span>：「公如<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，次於<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">魏郡</span><span class="zhuanming">斥丘縣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>境内邑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3796" id="3803">〔六〕</a>上壽：<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">盜跖</span>：「人上壽百歲，中壽八十，下壽六十。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3797" id="3804">〔七〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">盜跖</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">末利</span>獻食，爲國夫人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">末利夫人</span>，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>宫庶生，極醜，父王不欲見，乃咨嗟供佛，念誦不暇。佛爲見<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00626','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P626</span></i>身，變獲端嚴，<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>取爲夫人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3809" id="3805">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span>舡板讓死，爲海神授命。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大莊嚴論</span>説：有比丘泛海，遇風損舡，少年比丘獲一舡板，見上座没，念云：「佛令敬上座。」遂以板讓之。海神覩見歡喜，俱推出海而得存活也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3810" id="3806">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讓】<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>有<span class="zhuanming">交讓</span>水，兩樹相對，一枯則一榮，此二比丘，取喻可知。【大莊嚴論】一十五卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>愍於<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">趙宣子</span>出，見<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>餓人，問之，云：「不食三日矣。」乃取食以飼之。後爲<span class="zhuanming">晉靈</span>嗾獓咬之，<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span><span class="zhuanming">靈輒</span>殺獓，扶輪救之而出也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3811" id="3807">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嗾】嗽﹑湊二音，犬聲。【獒】五勞切，犬高四尺曰獒。</span> <span>漂母哀於<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">淮陰侯</span><span class="zhuanming">韓信</span>，未遇，飢甚。見老母漂絮，投之，母餉之。後佐<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>封<span class="zhuanming">淮陰侯</span>。母已死，開墳以千金投内也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3812" id="3808">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漂】匹妙切，以水漂絮也。【淮陰侯】<span class="zhuanming">韓信</span>家貧，釣于城下。有一漂母以潔絮也，哀之，以飯<span class="zhuanming">信</span>，竟漂數十日。<span class="zhuanming">信</span>謂母曰：吾必重報母。母怒曰：大丈夫不能自食，吾哀王孫而進食，豈望報乎？後<span class="zhuanming">信</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>後爲<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>，召漂母報以千金，是母尚在也。注云開墳報母，豈是順現業？注非也。<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚州</span>也。</span> <span>皆今世善業之定也。往世之命不定，故能變衰從盛也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">末利</span>已下，此順現善業也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3805" id="3809">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">末利</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">摩利夫人</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摩利迦夫人</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">勝鬘夫人</span>。<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">迦比羅衛城</span>人。據<span class="shuming">毗奈耶雜事</span>卷七，父殁後淪爲<span class="zhuanming">摩訶男</span>之婢，嘗受命至園林採花結鬟以呈之，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶男</span>見之大喜，令住園中日日結鬘，故又名「勝鬘」。後因以飯食供養<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>之功德，而得脱離婢身，成爲<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>之夫人，生有<span class="zhuanming">惡生太子</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">毗琉璃太子</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3806" id="3810">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">馬鳴</span>造﹑<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">大莊嚴論經</span>卷三：「我昔曾聞有諸比丘，與諸估客入海採寶，既至海中，船舫破壞。爾時有一年少比丘，捉一枚板。上座比丘不得板故，將没水中。于時上座恐怖惶悸，懼爲水<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00627','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P627</span></i>漂，語年少言：『汝寧不憶佛所制戒，當敬上座？汝所得板，應以與我。』爾時年少即便思惟：『<span class="zhuanming">如來世尊</span>，實有斯語。諸有利樂，應先上座。』復作是念：『我若以板用與上座，必没水中，洄澓波浪，大海之難，極爲深廣。我於今者，命將不全。又我年少初始出家，未得道果，以此爲憂。我今捨身用濟上座，正是其時。』……即便捨板，持與上座。既受板已，于時海神感其精誠，即接年少比丘，置於岸上。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3807" id="3811">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公二年</span>：「秋九月，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>侯飲<span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>酒，伏甲，將攻之。其右<span class="zhuanming">提彌明</span>知之，趨登，曰：『臣侍君宴，過三爵，非禮也。』遂扶以下，公嗾夫獒焉。<span class="zhuanming">明</span>搏而殺之。<span class="zhuanming">盾</span>曰：『棄人用犬，雖猛何爲！』鬭且出，<span class="zhuanming">提彌明</span>死之。初，<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>田于<span class="zhuanming">首山</span>，舍于<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">靈輒</span>餓，問其病。曰：『不食三日矣。』食之，舍其半。問之，曰：『宦三年矣，未知母之存否，今近焉，請以遺之。』使盡之，而爲之簞食與肉，置諸橐以與之。既而與爲公介，倒戟以禦公徒而免之。問何故。對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>之餓人也。』問其名居，不告而退，遂自亡也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3808" id="3812">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">淮陰侯韓信列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">信</span>釣於城下，諸母漂，有一母見<span class="zhuanming">信</span>飢，飯<span class="zhuanming">信</span>，竟漂數十日。<span class="zhuanming">信</span>喜，謂漂母曰：『吾必有以重報母。』母怒曰：『大丈夫不能自食，吾哀王孫而進食，豈望報乎！』」「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>五年正月，徙<span class="zhuanming">齊王信</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>，都<span class="zhuanming">下邳</span>。<span class="zhuanming">信</span>至國，召所從食漂母，賜千金。」</span> </p><p> <span>樵客指熊而臂落，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">經律異相</span>云：有樵夫入山，值大雪寒極，白熊收入窟。至雪霽，下山見獵人，乃引之，示其熊處，舉手指之，隨指臂落也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3816" id="3813">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【熊】音雄，獸名，似豕。<span class="shuming">智度論</span>作羆，音碑。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：黄白文。</span> <span>比丘啖䏑而腸穿，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有逐羊奔寺，見比丘指示之，乃殺之以䏑啖。比丘食已，䏑徧於皮下走，穿<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00628','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P628</span></i>腸而卒。出<span class="shuming">辯正論</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【䏑】音炙，同柘﹑隻二音。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>始燔肉爲䏑。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">里克</span>見討於弑君<a class="zhuhao" href="#3817" id="3814">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉獻公</span>寵<span class="zhuanming">孋姬</span>而逐群公子。殺<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>太子，立<span class="zhuanming">奚齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">里克</span>殺之。國人又立<span class="zhuanming">卓子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">克</span>又殺之，而迎<span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>立之，是爲<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>。<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>至自<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">里克</span>曰：「子殺二君與一大夫。」謂<span class="zhuanming">荀息</span>也，乃自殺，即<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>討之故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孋姬】<span class="zhuanming">孋國</span>之姬。【而迎】近悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>逞志於<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>相<a class="zhuhao" href="#3818" id="3815">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>，<span class="zhuanming">范睢</span>也。與<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>入<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>悦之。<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>歸，譖之於<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>乃飲酒次，打之齒折，沈溷中。活而奔<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，改稱<span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>拜爲相。後謀收<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>令<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>奉使，<span class="zhuanming">禄</span>乃令<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>作驢，仍令取<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>出奔至死，竟喪於<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逞】丑郢切，通也。【范睢】音雖。【入秦】下是齊字，下秦同此。【魏齊】<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>相也。【作驢】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云置莝草馬食之。【仍令】仍今者悮。</span> <span>皆今世不善業之定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆順現業不善之報也。</span> <span>往世之命不定，故能化存爲亡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">前世壽本未盡，爲今世業令盡，而受現果故也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3813" id="3816">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">經律異相</span>卷一一「爲熊身濟迷路人八」：「有人入林伐木，迷惑失心。時值大雨，日暮饑寒。惡蟲毒獸，欲侵害之，是人入石窟中。有一大熊，見之怖，出。熊語之言：『汝勿恐怖。此舍温暖，可於中宿。』時連雨七日，常以甘果美水，供給此人。七日雨止，熊將此人示其道徑。熊語人言：『我是罪身，人是怨家。若有問者，莫言見我。』人答言爾。此人前行，見諸獵者。獵者問：『汝從何來，見有衆獸不？』答言：『見一大熊，於我有恩，不得示汝。』獵者言：『汝是人黨，以人類相觀，何以惜熊？今一失道，何時復來。汝示我者，我與汝多分。』此人心變，即將獵者示熊處所。獵者殺熊，即以多分與之。此人展手取肉，二肘俱墮。獵者言：『汝有何罪？』答言：『是熊看我，如父視子。我今背<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00629','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P629</span></i>恩，將是罪報。』獵者恐怖，不敢食肉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3814" id="3817">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">國語</span>卷九<span class="shuming">晉語</span>三：「<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>既即位，乃背<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>賂。使<span class="zhuanming">丕鄭</span>聘于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，且謝之。而殺<span class="zhuanming">里克</span>，曰：『子殺二君與一大夫，爲子君者，不亦難乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3815" id="3818">〔三〕</a>逞志：如願，得逞。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>害聖出足血，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">推山傷佛足。</span> <span>破僧倫，必受泥犁之一劫，蓋方生不善業之定也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3830" id="3819">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦順現不善定業也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【破僧倫】六和名僧倫理也。壞和合之理，曰破僧倫。又，四人名僧倫輩也。能破魔所破者，至少八人。令僧不和，分爲兩輩也。【泥犁】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>云泥犁耶，此云無喜樂，<span class="shuming">毗婆沙論</span>云泥犁迦，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言無去處，<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>捺落迦，此云哭器，或云不可樂。那落迦，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言苦者。【一劫】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語劫波，此云時分。日月歲數爲小劫，若增若減爲中劫，數不及者爲大劫。阿鼻壽命一中劫量。【方生】方，正也，比類也。惡果名曰方生。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>弑父，見于佛，信于法，免無擇之大苦<a class="zhuhao" href="#3831" id="3820">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>弑父<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>，地獄苦見，身患惡瘡，歸心告佛，佛以光照而瘡愈，反爲説法，免地獄之苦也。無擇，獄名，不擇善惡故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不擇善惡】應云不擇貴賤﹑不擇貧富﹑不擇老少，名曰善惡，非行善者，亦墮無擇也。</span> <span>蓋方生不善業之不定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因懺悔而罪滅矣，此乃時報俱不定也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【因懺悔而滅罪】滅罪有四：一因業不定；二誠心懺悔；三根熟憐見；四聖力加備。四者具一，其罪可除。<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>具三，不得入見。【時報俱不定也】<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>逆罪業未遇懺悔時，報俱不定，悔罪後是順生業中時，定報不定也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">顔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>之貧夭，酬往因之不善，其德行可爲來生之善報；<span class="zhuanming">季</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>之富壽，酬往因之善業，其逆暴可爲來生之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00630','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P630</span></i>重苦，誠不足疑矣。夫不龜手藥是一，而榮賤各異<a class="zhuhao" href="#3832" id="3821">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">龜，皴坼也。有賣藥以治之，所獲甚少。南人鬻其方，歸而獻於君。值征所用，大得其禄也。出<span class="shuming">莊子</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皴】七倫切，皮細起也。【坼】丑格切，裂也。</span> <span>削諸侯地是一，而興亡不同。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>削奪諸侯地而不封，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>軍入<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，無救者而亡也。<span class="zhuanming">麗食其</span>見<span class="zhuanming">漢王</span>，勸令封諸侯地。及<span class="zhuanming">張良</span>至，遽止之。於帳中借筯爲籌畫之，言不可，遂不封，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>果興也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麗食其】上音歷，姓也；中音異，下音基，人名也。【借筯】假借也。下箸助也。【籌畫】上直由切，筭也；下音獲，計也，策也。</span> <span>實由機運有工拙<a class="zhuhao" href="#3833" id="3822">〔四〕</a>，而性命有可易不可易也。故君子知運命之不可易，而樂天知命<a class="zhuhao" href="#3834" id="3823">〔五〕</a>；小人不知則踰己躁動，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不知道，無以爲君子。</span> <span>是以禍福安危，居然可見矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3835" id="3824">〔六〕</a>。其有謂吉凶恒理，由命不由運者，斯不足斷矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">運有否泰，吉凶由人者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斯亦不足斷矣】斯，此也；足，圓也；斷，决也。若有人言吉凶乃天之恒理也，但由命不由運，此乃不圓偏判也。若俱由運命則爲圓矣，下准釋，注不當也。</span> <span>夫冬草覆而不死，何嘗不由運乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">由運用而可免也。</span> <span>有以性能則命通，由運不由命者，斯亦不足斷矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有便倚運動，不信宿業，則亦不可也。</span> <span>夫寒木溉而不滋，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">滋，潤灌也。如古柏澆水，豈便滋茂？蓋力堅故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寒木溉等】溉，灌。滋，榮茂也。如枯寒之木，根脈既死，縱水澆溉，終不滋榮也。注非。</span> <span>何嘗不由命乎？夫兩信完，方可謂之達奥。是以信有運則業之信矣，信有命則果之信矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">運乃業因，命則業果。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【完】桓音，全也。</span> <span>信運命而不信業果者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3836" id="3825">〔七〕</a>，何異聞朝三暮四則怒，聞朝四暮三則<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00631','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P631</span></i>喜乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：如云朝三暮四之言，衆狙皆怒。卻云朝四暮三，則衆狙盡喜。而不知名異而事同者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3837" id="3826">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【狙】七餘切。</span> <span>故此方先聖儒，雖不顯言於業果，而陰以運命騭之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">騭，定也。以運命暗定業理故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陰騭】上暗也；下音質。<span class="shuming">洪範</span>云：惟陰騭下民。騭，定也。</span> <span>名殊而義一耳。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「知幾其神乎？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3838" id="3827">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云：「萬物出於幾。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3839" id="3828">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">陰符</span>云：「心生於幾，死於幾。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3840" id="3829">〔一一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">本作物。見物而幾生也。心能發幾，目能見幾。生死之心在於物，成敗之幾見於目也。<span class="zhuanming">張湛</span>云：幾者群有之始，動之所崇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【幾】音飢，會也。主發曰幾。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>是機也。【所崇】下是宗字。</span> <span>幾者動之微，蓋言於業運也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3819" id="3830">〔一〕</a>泥犁：地獄。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷四下：「地獄此方名，胡稱泥犁者。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言無有，無有喜樂，無氣味，無歡，無利，故云無有。或言卑下，或言墮落。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3820" id="3831">〔二〕</a>無擇：即無間地獄。<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷七<span class="shuming">六道篇</span>四之三「受報部」：「無擇地獄，亦名無間，一投苦火，永無樂間，既苦無間，何所可擇？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3821" id="3832">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人有善爲不龜手之藥者，世世以洴澼洸爲事。客聞之，請買其方百金。聚族而謀曰：『我世世爲洴澼洸，不過數金。今一朝而鬻技百金，請與之。』客得之，以説<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">越</span>有難，<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>使之將。冬與<span class="zhuanming">越</span>人水戰，大敗<span class="zhuanming">越</span>人，裂地而封之。能不龜手一也，或以封，或不免於洴澼洸，則所用之異也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3822" id="3833">〔四〕</a>機運：猶時機。　工拙：猶言優劣。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00632','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P632</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3823" id="3834">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「旁行而不流，樂天知命，故不憂。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3824" id="3835">〔六〕</a>居然：顯然。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">何夔傳</span>：「顯忠直之賞，明公實之報，則賢不肖之分，居然别矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3825" id="3836">〔七〕</a>運命：指命中註定的生死﹑貧富和一切遭遇。　業果：佛教指惡業或善業所造成的苦樂果報。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3826" id="3837">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">狙公</span>賦芧，曰：『朝三而暮四。』衆狙皆怒。曰：『然則朝四而暮三？』衆狙皆悦。名實未虧而喜怒爲用，亦因是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3827" id="3838">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「子曰：知幾其神乎？君子上交不諂，下交不瀆，其知幾乎？幾者，動之微，吉之先見者也。君子見幾而作，不俟終日。易曰：介于石，不終日，貞吉。介如石焉，寧用終日？斷可識矣。君子知微知彰，知柔知剛，萬夫之望。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「『知幾其神乎』者，神道微妙，寂然不測，人若能豫知事之幾微，則能與其神道合會也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3828" id="3839">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">至樂</span>：「萬物皆出於機，皆入於機。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏曰：「機者發動，所謂造化也。造化者，無物也。人既從無生有，又反入歸無也。豈唯在人，萬物皆爾。或無識變成有識，[或]有識變爲無識，或無識變爲無識，或有識變爲有識，千萬變化，未始有極也。而出入機變，謂之死生。既知變化無窮，寧復欣生惡死！體斯趣旨，謂之至樂也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3829" id="3840">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">陰符經</span>：「心生於物，死於物，機在於目。」</span> </p><p> <span>或曰：「業興於動，其報理均，曷有輕重定不定乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所發業是同，何有輕重等受報不定者乎？</span> <span>曰：「心有喜怒，事有恩酷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">能發之心，行有不同。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恩酷】恩，事敬之。酷，事之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00633','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P633</span></i>虐。</span> <span>故形不忍乎色，逞炮烙于心。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">紂</span>之無道，改炮烙之刑，行刳斮之虐，此業之重也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逞】疾也，盡也。【斮】音碏。</span> <span>而<span class="shuming">書</span>云：『宥過無大，刑過無小。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#3859" id="3841">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">宥，放也。不以罪大而不赦，不以過小而不殺也。</span> <span>經云：『爲團鐵小亦沈水，爲鉢鐵大亦能浮。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#3860" id="3842">〔二〕</a>莫不以是。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">業雖重而悔猛，亦免；業雖輕而不懺，亦受。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span><span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>文也。</span> <span>又若以三業三時合離爲八<a class="zhuhao" href="#3861" id="3843">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身口意單名離，三業俱等名合。離合二種兼三業三時爲八。三時，三世也。</span> <span>兼之則重，差之則輕，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三業同發名重，不同發名輕。</span> <span>輕則不定，重乃定矣。由是<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙</span>餒於逆子，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙</span>即<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3862" id="3844">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>黨死於凶王。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3863" id="3845">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>聰明而洪水，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">湯湯洪水，蕩蕩懷山襄陵，下民昏墊等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3864" id="3846">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【湯】音傷。湯湯，流水皃也。【墊】音店，濕也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">湯</span>仁德而大旱<a class="zhuhao" href="#3865" id="3847">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">湯</span>以仁德而有天下，七年大旱，禱於<span class="zhuanming">桑林</span>等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禱】告諸也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">單豹</span>，以養求生，俱不能生。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>者，畏慎之士也，見高門懸簿，無不走也。年四十，以内熱之病而卒，此過之於躁滯外也。<span class="zhuanming">單豹</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，巖居飲水，不與民共利。年七十而有嬰兒之色，不幸遇餓虎食之。此滯於内也。<span class="zhuanming">豹</span>養其内，虎食其外，<span class="zhuanming">毅</span>養其外，病攻其内，俱求生不得生也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3866" id="3848">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【張毅】下魚既切，畏慎之士，養外者也。【單豹】修德之士，養内者也。【齊人】未詳。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云有<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>者，不言<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人也。【懸簿】上音玄，擊也；下簾也。既高門懸，是富家也。又懸，掛也。薄，牓也。懸薄掛牓者，必公府也。<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>畏慎，逃避此門也。【滯】凝也。【攻】伐也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">后稷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3867" id="3849">〔九〕</a>，不以養求生，俱反其生。蓋運命之定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">善容</span>。曾施一訶梨勒，九十一劫不患頭痛，遭<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00634','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P634</span></i>後母方便殺之，經五難不死。出家後，目不視女人，身不入尼寺，不爲女人説一句法。<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>知其少欲，施其塔一，金錢湧地不受也。<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">帝嚳</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">姜原</span>所生。生而毛，遂棄之深山﹑寒冰﹑陋巷，三弃不死，因名<span class="zhuanming">弃</span>。善播種，仕<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，至十五代孫<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>得天下。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【薄俱羅】年在幼童，見母作餅而索之，後母惡之，置餅爐中，以󵭚覆之，父見出之。後於一時母煑肉，子從索之，母又置子釜中，父見出之，平全如故。母後一時至於河上，子隨其後。母嗔曰：此何鬼物，燒煑不死？乃擲子河中。值一大魚，尋便吞食，以福德故，而復不死。有釣者得魚，持來市賣之。<span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>父買魚持歸，以刀開魚，乃見其子，抱而出之。五難不死，注文見之，皆不能害。出家無病第一。年八十出家，由宿業故也，臈八十，百六十歲，不患小疾也。【女人】剩女字，此尊者不與人説一句法。無言寂默，王爲無益於世，但施壹錢。【帝嚳】下音酷，<span class="zhuanming">高辛氏</span>。【姜原】下音元，<span class="zhuanming">嚳</span>元妃也。【深山】悮。<span class="shuming">生民</span>詩云：置之平林也。【寒冰】有云水者，悮。【陋巷】應云隘巷。隘，狹也。</span> <span>黑風飄而獲濟，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有商人入海，遇黑風飄入<span class="zhuanming">羅刹鬼國</span>，俱念佛而皆獲免也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3868" id="3850">〔一○〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【獲濟】得渡也。</span> <span>富羅正而長謝<a class="zhuhao" href="#3869" id="3851">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有比丘見輪王威勢，愛之，晝夜精勤求之，佛恐不得解脱，欲謝其千輪之福，乃爲一正富羅。富羅，矩靴。輪王業謝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【長謝】永滅也。【矩靴】上是短字。【富羅】昔有比丘應得羅漢，有輪王業障不能漏盡，佛欲除其障，即爲比丘一整，輪王福滅，即得無箸。</span> <span>桑穀匪<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>宗之禍<a class="zhuhao" href="#3870" id="3852">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">殷</span><span class="zhuanming">太戊</span>以<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>子<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>爲相，桑穀共生於朝，一旦<a class="zhuhao" href="#3871" id="3853">〔一三〕</a>大拱，懼而修德，桑穀死。三年，重譯而至者十六國，乃稱<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3872" id="3854">〔一四〕</a>。隨函：【桑穀】桑穀者，野木也。不合生於朝，意者亡其國乎？<span class="zhuanming">太武</span>恐駭，側身修行，思先王之政，明養民之道。三年之後，遠方慕義，重譯者十有六國。楮木者可造紙，二木皆野生。既生於朝，詳可知也。【太戊】<span class="zhuanming">小甲</span>少子，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00635','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P635</span></i><span class="zhuanming">和已</span>之弟。【拱】居竦切，手抱也。</span> <span>熒惑退<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>都之災<a class="zhuhao" href="#3873" id="3855">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">火星見<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之分野，<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>懼而修德，火星乃退三舍也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【熒惑者】火星也。<span class="zhuanming">宋景公</span>時，熒惑守心，公召<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>爲問焉。<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：禍當君，可移於相。公曰：相所治國家也。曰：可移於百姓。公曰：百姓死，寡人將何爲君？曰：可移於歲。飢，百姓死，我何君哉？<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：君有至德之言三，天必三熒君，是夜熒惑退三舍矣。【三舍】三十里爲舍。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">文王</span>錫<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>三齡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">齡，壽也。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>夢上帝之九齡，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>賜之三齡，故至九十三也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3874" id="3856">〔一六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【錫】賜也。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>有疾，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>不脱冠帶而養。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>一飯，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>一飯；<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>再飯等，旬二日乃瘳。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>：汝何夢矣？<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：夢帝與我九齡。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：汝意如何也？<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：西方九國焉，君王其終撫諸？<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：非也。古者謂齡曰年，我百汝九十，吾與三焉也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦穆</span>赦<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>再死<a class="zhuhao" href="#3875" id="3857">〔一七〕</a>。蓋運命之不定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>將<span class="zhuanming">孟盟</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，兩度過<span class="zhuanming">河</span>，不利，<span class="zhuanming">秦穆</span>赦之。後焚舟而往<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>不出，乃雪前恥而歸。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孟明】<span class="zhuanming">百里奚</span>子曰<span class="zhuanming">視</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>。【雪】拭除也。</span> <span>摭兹理例<a class="zhuhao" href="#3876" id="3858">〔一八〕</a>，考之人事，豈云無業哉？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆業理分明之事。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3841" id="3859">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「罰弗及嗣，賞延于世；宥過無大，刑故無小；罪疑惟輕，功疑惟重。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3842" id="3860">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">説一切有部俱舍論</span>卷二三：「如團鐵小亦沈水，爲鉢鐵大亦能浮。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3843" id="3861">〔三〕</a>三業：指身業﹑口業﹑意業。　三時：指過去﹑現在﹑未來三時。又作三世。　合離：聚合與分離。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3844" id="3862">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>時代<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span>國王，佛教最初的護持者。據<span class="shuming">頻婆娑羅王詣佛供養經</span>中記載，<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>誓願終生護持佛教，盡形壽供養<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>及諸比丘。後來，因太子<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>篡奪王位而卒於<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00636','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P636</span></i>獄中。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3845" id="3863">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>國王，<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>之子。又稱「<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦王</span>」等。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>：「大城西北，有數百千窣堵波，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種誅死處也。<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦王</span>既克諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>，虜其族類，得九千九百九十萬人，並從殺戮。積尸如莽，流血成池。天警人心，收骸瘞葬。誅<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>西南，有四小窣堵波，四<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種拒軍處。初，<span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>嗣位也，求婚<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種。<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種鄙其非類，謬以家人之女，重禮娉焉。<span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>立爲正后，其産子男是爲<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦</span>欲就舅氏請益受業，至此城南，見新講堂，即中憩駕。諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>聞之，逐而詈曰：『卑賤婢子，敢居此室！此室諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>建也，擬佛居焉。』<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦</span>嗣位之後，追復先辱，便興甲兵，至此屯軍。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3846" id="3864">〔六〕</a>昏墊：陷溺。指困於水災。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「洪水滔天，浩浩懷山襄陵，下民昏墊。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「言天下之人遭此大水，精神昏瞀迷惑，無有所知。又若沉溺，皆困此水災也。<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>云：『昏，没也；墊，陷也。<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>言洪水之時，人有没陷之害。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3847" id="3865">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">主術訓</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>之時，七年旱，以身禱於<span class="zhuanming">桑林</span>之際。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3848" id="3866">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">達生</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">田開之</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>有<span class="zhuanming">單豹</span>者，巖居而水飲，不與民共利，行年七十而猶有嬰兒之色。不幸遇餓虎，餓虎殺而食之。有<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>者，高門縣薄，無不走也，行年四十而有内熱之病以死。<span class="zhuanming">豹</span>養其内而虎食其外，<span class="zhuanming">毅</span>養其外而病攻其内，此二子者，皆不鞭其後者也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3849" id="3867">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">薄拘羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">薄羅婆拘羅</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">善容</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">偉形</span>。因相貌端正﹑身材偉岸而名。修行八十年未曾有病，從未服過一粒藥，「長壽第一」。<span class="shuming">中阿含經</span>卷八<span class="shuming">未曾有法品</span><span class="shuming">薄拘羅經</span>：「尊者<span class="zhuanming">薄拘羅</span>作是<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00637','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P637</span></i>説：諸賢，我於此正法律中學道以來八十年，未曾有病，乃至彈指頃頭痛者。未曾憶服藥，乃至一片訶梨勒。」　<span class="zhuanming">周后稷</span>：<span class="zhuanming">周</span>始祖，嬰幼時屢次被棄，善於種植各種農作物。事參<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">生民</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3850" id="3868">〔一○〕</a>念佛：佛教的一種修行方法。攝萬念於一念，思慮集中在佛的形相和功德或念誦佛的名號上。事見<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>譯<span class="shuming">撰集百緣經</span>卷九<span class="shuming">聲聞品</span>「海生商主緣」：「佛在<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">祇樹給孤獨園</span>。時彼城中，有五百賈客，欲入大海，採取珍寶。時彼商主，選擇族望，娉以爲婦，將共入海。足滿十月，産一男兒，因爲立字，名曰<span class="zhuanming">海生</span>，有大福德。令諸商客，獲大珍寶，安隱迴還。咸共唱言：『安隱<span class="zhuanming">海生</span>。』年漸長大，重復勸勉。更入大海，獲其珍寶，進引還來。值大黑風，吹其船舫飄墮<span class="zhuanming">羅刹鬼國</span>，迴波黑風。時諸商人，各各跪拜諸天善神，無一感應救彼厄難。中有優婆塞，語商人言：『有佛<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，常以大悲，晝夜六時，觀察衆生，護受苦厄，輒往度之。汝等咸當稱彼佛名，或能來此救我等命。』時諸商人，各共同時，稱南無佛陀。爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，遥見商客極遇厄難，即放光明，照耀黑風。風尋消滅，皆得解脱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3851" id="3869">〔一一〕</a>富羅：又曰福羅﹑布羅，意譯短靴。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷五八：「福羅，正言布羅，此譯云短靿靴，靿音烏豹反。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3852" id="3870">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">咸有一德</span>附<span class="shuming">亡書序</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>相<span class="zhuanming">大戊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">亳</span>有祥，桑穀共生于朝。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「桑穀二木，共生於朝。朝非生木之處，是爲不善之徵。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3853" id="3871">〔一三〕</a>旦：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「且」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3854" id="3872">〔一四〕</a>大拱：形容粗大。拱，兩手合圍。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">殷本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">帝雍己</span>崩，弟<span class="zhuanming">太戊</span>立，是爲<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>立<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>爲相。<span class="zhuanming">亳</span>有祥桑穀共生於朝，一暮大拱。<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>懼，問<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>。<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>曰：『臣聞妖不勝德，帝之政<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00638','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P638</span></i>其有闕與？帝其修德。』<span class="zhuanming">太戊</span>從之，而祥桑枯死而去。<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>贊言于<span class="zhuanming">巫咸</span>。<span class="zhuanming">巫咸</span>治王家有成，作<span class="shuming">咸艾</span>，作<span class="shuming">太戊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>贊<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>于廟，言弗臣，<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>讓，作<span class="shuming">原命</span>。<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>復興，諸侯歸之，故稱<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3855" id="3873">〔一五〕</a>熒惑：指火星。因隱現不定，令人迷惑，故名。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">宋微子世家</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>）三十七年，<span class="zhuanming">楚惠王</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，熒惑守心。心，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之分野也。<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>憂之。司星<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：『可移於相。』<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>曰：『相，吾之股肱。』曰：『可移於民。』<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>曰：『君者待民。』曰：『可移於歲。』<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>曰：『歲饑民困，吾誰爲君！』<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：『天高聽卑。君有君人之言三，熒惑宜有動。』於是候之，果徙三度。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3856" id="3874">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">文王世子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>有疾，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>不説，冠帶而養。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>一飯，亦一飯。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>再飯，亦再飯。旬有二日乃間。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：『女何夢矣？』<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>對曰：『夢帝與我九齡。』<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：『女以爲何也？』<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：『西方有九國焉。君王其終撫諸？』<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：『非也。古者謂年齡，齒亦齡也。我百，爾九十。吾與爾三焉。』<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>九十七乃終，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>九十三而終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3857" id="3875">〔一七〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公三十三</span>﹑<span class="shuming">文公三年</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">魯僖公</span>三十三年四月，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">殽</span>之戰，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>虜<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>，後放歸。「<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>稽首曰：『君之惠，不以累臣釁鼓，使歸就戮于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，寡君之以爲戮，死且不朽。若從君惠而免之，三年將拜君賜。』<span class="zhuanming">秦伯</span>素服郊次，鄉師而哭，曰：『孤違<span class="zhuanming">蹇叔</span>，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。』不替<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>，曰：『孤之過也，大夫何罪？且吾不以一眚掩大德。』」及<span class="zhuanming">魯文公</span>三年五月，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，「濟<span class="zhuanming">河</span>焚舟，取王宫及郊，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人不出，遂至<span class="zhuanming">茅津</span>濟，封<span class="zhuanming">殽</span>尸而還。」遂霸<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>，用<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3858" id="3876">〔一八〕</a>摭：摭拾，摘取。　理例：常規，成例。</span> </p><p> <span>其有恃重玄者，以爲雁序羽，羔跪乳，烏黝﹑鷴白，棘尖﹑鹺方，蘭馨﹑蕕臭，彼則<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00639','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P639</span></i>自然之數也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3883" id="3877">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆外道所計自然義故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重玄】<span class="shuming">道經</span>云「玄之又玄」等。【羔跪乳】羊子也，屈足而哺羔曰跪乳。【黝】於糾切，黑也。【鷴】音閑，白鷴也。似雉，尾長四五尺。【鹺方】上在何切。<span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：鹽曰鹺。青鹽﹑井鹽，可有方者。【蘭馨】上香草，蘭香也。<span class="shuming">荆州記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">都梁縣</span>有山，山下有水清淺，其中生草，因名<span class="zhuanming">都梁</span>香也。【蕕臭】上音由，臭草也。臭，惡氣也。</span> <span>豈由業乎？重空人撫衽告之曰：不然也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重空人】上平呼，空之又空，故曰重空。或云法空﹑人空，故曰重空人。【撫衽】上安也，侍也。衽，而甚切，裳衣襟也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>云自然者，其道也。至道與萬物同體，故曰「萬物自然」，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬物與至道不即離。</span> <span>即曰「一陰一陽之謂道」，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道者寂然無體也。神無方而易無體，在陰以生，在陽以成，故曰「一陰一陽之謂」也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云「在瓦礫」﹑「在稊稗」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3884" id="3878">〔二〕</a>，非謂萬物無因緣之義也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觸目皆道故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【礫】音歷，小石也。【稊稗】上音啼。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：枯楊生稊。楊枝秀曰稊。或茅字，草也；下旁卦切，稗草似穀也。</span> <span>夫禀性命者，以業運爲因緣；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有情者，皆憑宿業熏習爲因緣也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3885" id="3879">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>處外物者，以氣數爲因緣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無情者，憑根種爲因，陰陽氣數爲緣也。</span> <span>故羔雁徵之於業習，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雁序羔跪，皆由業習也。</span> <span>鹺棘求之於水土。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">假水土爲增上緣也。</span> <span>烏反哺﹑梟反噬，蓋前生之行，逆順之餘習也。橘榮南而枳蕃北，蓋隨風土之所變也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3886" id="3880">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">江南</span>種之成橘，<span class="zhuanming">江北</span>種之成枳也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【橘】居聿切，果名。<span class="shuming">圖經</span>云：生<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">湖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">江</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">浙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">襄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">嶺</span>皆有之。木高一二丈，葉枳無辯，别出莖間。初夏生白花，六月七月而成實，至冬而黄熟可噉。今<span class="zhuanming">懷州</span><span class="zhuanming">河南</span>亦有，但氣味稍短耳。【枳蕃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00640','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P640</span></i>北】上音帋。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>云：橘踰<span class="zhuanming">淮北</span>而爲枳。今爲真橘者是。中音煩，茂也，滋也。此謂<span class="zhuanming">淮北</span>也。</span> <span>夫水潤下，火炎上，金從革，木曲直，土爰稼穡。水鹹﹑火苦﹑金辛﹑木酸﹑土甘，因五氣成五質，播爲五味，凝爲五色，流五音<a class="zhuhao" href="#3887" id="3881">〔五〕</a>。然後錯而雜之，剛柔强微，所禀有異，萬象生焉，何異因緣之義乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上皆<span class="shuming">洪範</span>文義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3888" id="3882">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【因五氣】因五方正氣。【成五質】化成金木水火土之形質。【播爲五味】上揚也，布也，作也，施也。辛酸鹹苦甘是五味也。【凝爲五色】上結成也。青黄等也。【流爲五音】上漢布也。宫商等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3877" id="3883">〔一〕</a>重玄：自然。語本<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「玄之又玄，衆妙之門。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四七<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">漢高祖功臣頌</span>：「重玄匪奥，九地匪沈。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「重玄，天也。」　雁序羽：大雁有次序地飛行。　羔跪乳：羊羔跪着接受母乳。<span class="shuming">公羊傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公二十四年</span>「暇脩云乎」<span class="zhuanming">何休</span>注：「凡贄，天子用鬯，諸侯用玉，卿用羔，大夫用雁，士用雉。雉取其耿介；雁取其在人上，有先後行列；羔取其執之不鳴，殺之不號，乳必跪而受之，類死義知禮者也。」　黝：黑。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>：「黑謂之黝。」　鷴：指白鷳，又稱銀雉，雄鳥上體及兩翼爲白色，雌鳥全身爲棕緑色。　鹺：鹽。　馨：香。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷七上：「馨，香之遠聞者也。」　蕕：一種有臭味的草。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公四年</span>：「一薰一蕕，十年尚猶有臭。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「薰，香草；蕕，臭草。十年有臭，言善易消，惡難除。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3878" id="3884">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">東郭子</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『所謂道，惡乎在？』<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『無所不在。』<span class="zhuanming">東郭子</span>曰：『期而後可。』<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『在螻蟻。』曰：『何其下邪？』曰：『在稊稗。』曰：『何其愈下邪？』曰：『在瓦<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00641','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P641</span></i>甓。』曰：『何其愈甚邪？』曰：『在屎溺。』<span class="zhuanming">東郭子</span>不應。<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『夫子之問也，固不及質。正獲之問於監市履狶也，每下愈況。汝唯莫必，無乎逃物。至道若是，大言亦然。周徧咸三者，異名同實，其指一也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3879" id="3885">〔三〕</a>熏習：薰陶染習。<span class="shuming">大乘止觀法門</span>卷二：「隨對者，即喻浄心體具一切法性，故能受一切熏習，隨其熏别，現報不同也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3880" id="3886">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">晏子春秋</span><span class="shuming">内篇雜下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">嬰</span>聞之，橘生<span class="zhuanming">淮南</span>則爲橘，生於<span class="zhuanming">淮北</span>則爲枳，葉徒相似，其實味不同。所以然者何？水土異也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3881" id="3887">〔五〕</a>流五音：疑脱一「爲」字，當作「流爲五音」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3882" id="3888">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">洪範</span>：「五行：一曰水，二曰火，三曰木，四曰金，五曰土。水曰潤下，火曰炎上，木曰曲直，金曰從革，土爰稼穡。潤下作鹹，炎上作苦，曲直作酸，從革作辛，稼穡作甘。」</span> </p><p> <span>若又責以造化之本，陰陽何施？而孕育繁委<a class="zhuhao" href="#3896" id="3889">〔一〕</a>，使玄黄異視，宫徵<a class="zhuhao" href="#3897" id="3890">〔二〕</a>分聽者，則其酷矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若一一窮究，則其品類繁酷矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【責】求也，問也。【酷】甚也。</span> <span>夫萬物始於太極<a class="zhuhao" href="#3898" id="3891">〔三〕</a>，無因緣相構，觸類成象，不生而生，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬物本不生，緣會而生。</span> <span>生於不生。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道本無生，萬物憑之而生。</span> <span>陰陽無心，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">造之非我，理自玄應，故曰無心。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陰陽無心】任運而心也。</span> <span>天地無功，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">老子</span>云：「天地不仁，以萬物爲芻狗。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天地無功】覆載不可求其備。</span> <span>聖人不宰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故云「絶聖棄智，大盜乃止。擲玉毁珠，小盜不起」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3899" id="3892">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聖人不宰】遇物而導，不專必也，故曰爲而不宰。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00642','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P642</span></i>【擲】投棄也。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云「摘玉毁珠」。</span> <span>今古莫知夢幻之理，於焉得矣。故<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>云：「無名天地之始，有名萬物之母。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無名者，妙道之本，權輿天地也。有名者，滋生萬物，故名曰母也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【於焉】上音烏，歎聲也。於虔切，何也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云：「大塊噫氣，其名爲風。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3900" id="3893">〔五〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文如海</span>云：「大塊，自然也。噫，吐氣貌也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3901" id="3894">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大塊】天也。【文如海】<span class="zhuanming">唐初</span>道士也。</span> <span>由是象帝之先，不可得而有始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3902" id="3895">〔七〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3889" id="3896">〔一〕</a>繁委：繁複瑣碎。<span class="zhuanming">柳宗元</span><span class="shuming">寄許京兆孟容書</span>：「書辭繁委，無以自道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3890" id="3897">〔二〕</a>徵：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「微」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3891" id="3898">〔三〕</a>太極：宇宙最原始的混沌之氣。太極運動而分化出陰陽，由陰陽而産生四時變化，繼而出現各種自然現象，是宇宙萬物之原。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「易有太極，是生兩儀，兩儀生四象，四象生八卦。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「太極謂天地未分之前，元氣混而爲一，即是太初﹑太一也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3892" id="3899">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3893" id="3900">〔五〕</a>出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3894" id="3901">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">文如海</span>注<span class="shuming">莊子</span>，據<span class="shuming">宋史</span>卷二○五<span class="shuming">藝文四</span>，「<span class="zhuanming">文如海</span><span class="shuming">莊子正義</span>十卷，又<span class="shuming">莊子邈</span>一卷」。又<span class="shuming">郡齋讀書志</span>卷一一：「<span class="zhuanming">文如海</span><span class="shuming">莊子疏</span>十卷，右<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">文如海</span>撰。<span class="zhuanming">如海</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明皇</span>時道士也。以<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注放乎自然而絶學習，失<span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>之旨，因再爲之解。凡九萬餘言。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3895" id="3902">〔七〕</a>象帝：指天帝。語本<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「吾不知誰之子，象帝之先。」<span class="zhuanming">河上公</span>注：「道自在天帝之前。此言道乃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00643','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P643</span></i>先天地生也。」<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>注：「不亦似帝之先乎！帝，天帝也。」</span> </p><p> <span>若又責以外物觸氣流形，内命亦何業之由者？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">外云如因無情，擊觸内命而起愛憎，豈是業耶？</span> <span>誠不足類也。夫外物無心，無心則業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3914" id="3903">〔一〕</a>；内命懷情，懷情則業起<a class="zhuhao" href="#3915" id="3904">〔二〕</a>。故飄瓦之與投瓦，俱及於人，則有怒不怒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3916" id="3905">〔三〕</a>。何斯之無别乎！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">劉子</span>云：飄瓦擊人，虚舟觸己，雖有忮心而不怒者，以彼無情於擊觸也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3917" id="3906">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【劉子】一十卷，<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>撰，見<span class="shuming">唐志</span>。</span> <span>或曰：「善惡之業，報施必臻<a class="zhuhao" href="#3918" id="3907">〔五〕</a>。故<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：『積善之家，必有餘慶。積不善之家，必有餘殃。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#3919" id="3908">〔六〕</a>何<span class="zhuanming">瞽</span>生<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>生<span class="zhuanming">均</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鮌</span>生<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>耶？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瞽</span>之頑而生<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>聖，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之聖而生<span class="zhuanming">均</span>不肖，<span class="zhuanming">鮌</span>之兇而生<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>聖，此義何在？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瞽】<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>父也。【均】<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>子也。【鮌】<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>父也。</span> <span>對曰：「聖人舉天理而立教，語其多而不語其少也，語其順而不語其違也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人舉慶善殃惡者，乃天地常理也。又言之則順，不可言善招惡，豈導物乎？</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>洎<span class="zhuanming">王季</span>，克生聖嗣，至于<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，大造于<span class="zhuanming">周</span>邦<a class="zhuhao" href="#3920" id="3909">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>自<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>播種，德及黎民。<span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>世守其官，<span class="zhuanming">不窋</span>遷<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>。至<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>生聖子，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>生<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>而得天下，三十七帝八百餘年，皆積善流慶之道故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大造】至也。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>能變國爲天下，故曰大造。【黎】衆也。【不窋】知律切，<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>之長子也。【八百餘年】西東二<span class="zhuanming">周</span>三十七主，都八百六十七年。有本入百者，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>洎<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>，克邁仁德，至<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>光定文教<a class="zhuhao" href="#3921" id="3910">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">湯</span>之後<span class="zhuanming">微子啓</span>封<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>讓位<span class="zhuanming">厲公</span>，因賜<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>姓。至<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>三命<a class="zhuhao" href="#3922" id="3911">〔九〕</a>，益恭，世修仁德。至<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>藴聖多能，光顯文教者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【正考父】下音甫。【公因賜孔氏】注非。</span> <span>是以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00644','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P644</span></i>考曆象﹑授人時者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3923" id="3912">〔一○〕</a>，貞其所次，式恒其紀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貞，正。式，用也。曆象，日月五星爲七政也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曆】<span class="shuming">律曆志</span>云<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>造，<span class="shuming">世本</span>曰<span class="zhuanming">容成</span>造，<span class="shuming">解</span>曰<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>造。次，曆，次數也。</span> <span>其或俶擾錯亂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3924" id="3913">〔一一〕</a>，變化爲凶，祉誠則災異也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俶擾】上丑六切，始也，作動也；下而沼切，順也，煩也。【祉】音恥，福也，禄也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3903" id="3914">〔一〕</a>無心則業：據文意，「業」後當補一「滅」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3904" id="3915">〔二〕</a>懷情：猶含情。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3905" id="3916">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">達生</span>：「雖有忮心者不怨飄瓦。」<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">山木</span>：「方舟而濟於河，有虚船來觸舟，雖有惼心之人不怒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3906" id="3917">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">劉子</span>卷一<span class="shuming">去情</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3907" id="3918">〔五〕</a>臻：到，來到。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一二上：「臻，至也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3908" id="3919">〔六〕</a>出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">坤</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3909" id="3920">〔七〕</a>大造：大功勞。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">文公</span>恐懼，綏静諸侯，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>師克還無害，則是我有大造于西也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3910" id="3921">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>：<span class="zhuanming">宋緡公</span>長子，讓位於弟<span class="zhuanming">鮒祀</span>（<span class="zhuanming">宋厲公</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">厲公</span>封<span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>爲上卿，受采邑於<span class="zhuanming">栗</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">商丘市</span><span class="zhuanming">夏邑縣</span>），是<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>的直系祖先：<span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>生<span class="zhuanming">宋父周</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋父周</span>生<span class="zhuanming">世子勝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">世子勝</span>生<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>，<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>生<span class="zhuanming">孔父嘉</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔父嘉</span>之曾孫<span class="zhuanming">孔防叔</span>避亂於<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>。<span class="zhuanming">防叔</span>生<span class="zhuanming">伯夏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伯夏</span>生<span class="zhuanming">叔梁紇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">叔梁紇</span>生<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3911" id="3922">〔九〕</a>三命：<span class="zhuanming">周代</span>分官爵爲九等，稱九命。三命爲卿。命：爵命。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">大略</span>：「一命齒於鄉，再命齒於<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00645','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P645</span></i>族，三命，族人雖七十，不敢先。」<span class="zhuanming">楊倞</span>注：「一命，公侯之士也；再命，大夫；三命，卿也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3912" id="3923">〔一○〕</a>人時：指有關農事的時令節氣，這裏指曆法。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">堯典</span>：「乃命<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>，欽若昊天，厤象日月星辰，敬授人時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3913" id="3924">〔一一〕</a>俶擾：開始擾亂。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">胤征</span>：「惟時<span class="zhuanming">羲</span><span class="zhuanming">和</span>，顛覆厥德。沈亂于酒，畔官離次。俶擾天紀，遐棄厥司。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「俶，始；擾，亂。」</span> </p><p> <span>若又或以聲不代響，形不貿影，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貿，易也。形不能代易於影。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聲不代響】聲之大小，不相影響。</span> <span>安有祖考施而子孫當其報者？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自作自受，各不相均。</span> <span>則義可得詳焉。夫善惡以類相資而不相代<a class="zhuhao" href="#3929" id="3925">〔一〕</a>，故先人以福施，後世以福繼之，非無福者，而爲其子孫矣；先人以禍施，後世以禍繼之，非無禍者，而爲其子孫矣。故龍與雲合，虎與風合。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">龍吟則雲起，虎嘯則風生。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">銅山</span>崩而景鍾震，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>殿鍾震，<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">銅山</span>崩，以<a class="zhuhao" href="#3930" id="3926">〔二〕</a>類相應也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【景】大也。</span> <span>葭灰消而月暈缺<a class="zhuhao" href="#3931" id="3927">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">淮南子</span>云：「隨灰而月暈缺。」注云：以取蘆灰環月，缺其一面，則月暈亦闕。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【葭】音加，葦未秀也。以灰能却災祥。【暈】音運，日月傍氣。</span> <span>蓋應會之數矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3932" id="3928">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以類相感故也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3925" id="3929">〔一〕</a>相資：相互依賴。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3926" id="3930">〔二〕</a>以：底本較模糊，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作「似」，誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3927" id="3931">〔三〕</a>月暈：月亮周圍的光圈，俗稱風圈，常被認爲是天氣變化起風的徵兆。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">覽冥訓</span>：「晝隨灰而月運闕。」<span class="zhuanming">許慎</span>注：「以蘆草灰隨牖下月光中令圜畫，缺其一面，則月運亦缺於上也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00646','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P646</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3928" id="3932">〔四〕</a>應會：適應時機。</span> </p><p> <span>常俚以殘淫勷寇，傷生破産，方謂身之罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">常俚，鄙俗也。勷寇，盜劫也。則淫﹑盜﹑殺皆身業行也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勷寇】上汝陽切，盜也。</span> <span>訾言勃詐<a class="zhuhao" href="#3939" id="3933">〔一〕</a>，凌犯君親，方謂口之罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">語業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3940" id="3934">〔二〕</a>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勃】卒暴也。</span> <span>機慮無法<a class="zhuhao" href="#3941" id="3935">〔三〕</a>，潛毒懷虐，方謂心之罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">意業也。</span> <span>曾不知有百行乖儀<a class="zhuhao" href="#3942" id="3936">〔四〕</a>，五常失守，處俗於忠孝不至，出家於慈悲不厚，釁生於微<a class="zhuhao" href="#3943" id="3937">〔五〕</a>，積而成形，則爲罪矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">水滴雖微，漸盈大器<a class="zhuhao" href="#3944" id="3938">〔六〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3933" id="3939">〔一〕</a>訾言：誹謗。　勃：興起。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3934" id="3940">〔二〕</a>業：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「集」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3935" id="3941">〔三〕</a>機慮：猶思慮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3936" id="3942">〔四〕</a>百行：各種品行。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">氓</span>：「士之耽兮，猶可説也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「士有百行，可以功過相除。」　乖：背離，違背。<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>：「乖，背也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3937" id="3943">〔五〕</a>釁：過失，罪過。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3938" id="3944">〔六〕</a>見<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">維祇難</span>等譯<span class="shuming">法句經</span>卷上：「莫輕小惡，以爲無殃，水渧雖微，漸盈大器，凡罪充滿，從小積成。莫輕小善，以爲無福，水滴雖微，漸盈大器，凡福充滿，從纖纖積。」</span> </p><p> <span>常俚以徇物捐軀，蹲膜擎跽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3948" id="3945">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蹲膜，禮拜。擎，合掌。跪，胡坐也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【侚物】辭閏切，以身從物。徇字非用。【蹲膜】上音存，跪坐也；音模，禮拜也。【擎跽】下渠委切。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>擎跪曲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00647','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P647</span></i>拳，人臣之禮也。上舉也，下長跪也。</span> <span>方謂身之福也。誦言講法，悦人進己，方謂口之福也。愛惡絶向，忌尅不入<a class="zhuhao" href="#3949" id="3946">〔二〕</a>，方謂心之福也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忌尅】上憎惡也，下殺急也。</span> <span>曾不知手足之所措，詞論之所及，念慮之所經，興意介益，孚于惠心，省罪引慝<a class="zhuhao" href="#3950" id="3947">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂懺悔也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介】助也，佑也。【省罪】察也；過也。【慝】惟惡也。</span> <span>則謂福矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3945" id="3948">〔一〕</a>徇物：追求身外之物。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷二<span class="shuming">貴生</span>：「今世俗之君子，危身棄生以徇物。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「徇，猶隨也。」　擎跽：拱手跪拜。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷七五<span class="shuming">隱逸傳上</span><span class="shuming">顧歡</span>：「擎跽磬折，侯甸之恭；狐蹲狗踞，荒流之肅。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3946" id="3949">〔二〕</a>忌剋：亦作「忌克」（按：「剋」爲「克」的後起字），猶忌恨。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3947" id="3950">〔三〕</a>孚：相信，信任。　引慝：承認罪過。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「帝初于<span class="zhuanming">歷山</span>，往于田，日號泣于旻天，于父母，負罪引慝。」</span> </p><p> <span>故五穀不易其種，百行不反其報。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>仁而餓死，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span><span class="zhuanming">孤竹君</span>之二子。父死讓位歸<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，叩馬首而諫，不從，乃隱<span class="zhuanming">首山</span>之陽，不食<span class="zhuanming">周</span>粟，以至餓卒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3955" id="3951">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遼東孤竹】<span class="shuming">地理志</span>云<span class="zhuanming">遼西</span><span class="zhuanming">令支</span>有<span class="zhuanming">孤竹城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span>曰：古<span class="zhuanming">伯夷國</span>也。【伐紂】我悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">尾生</span>信而溺死<a class="zhuhao" href="#3956" id="3952">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">尾生</span>與女子約于橋下，未至而水爆漲，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>恐失信，不移而至溺死也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">伍胥</span>忠而伏劒死，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伍員</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>，相<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，諫<span class="zhuanming">夫差</span>不納<span class="zhuanming">西施</span>，王不聽，乃伏劒死。<span class="zhuanming">越</span>竟收<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3957" id="3953">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伍胥忠而伏劒】<span class="shuming">國史</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">越</span>破<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">闔閭王</span>被傷，囑其子<span class="zhuanming">夫差</span>必無忘<span class="zhuanming">越</span>。<span class="zhuanming">夫差</span>立，大敗<span class="zhuanming">越王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>師圍於<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>，糧路俱絶，<span class="zhuanming">越王</span>欲决戰死。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00648','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P648</span></i><span class="zhuanming">蘇</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>太宰<span class="zhuanming">嚭</span>貪，可誘也。於是<span class="zhuanming">越</span>選美女寶玉獻於<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>，厚贈太宰，使赦<span class="zhuanming">越</span>罪，王許之。<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>諫曰：天賜<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>也。若赦<span class="zhuanming">越</span>，後必大悔。<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>不聽，赦<span class="zhuanming">越</span>而去。後<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>諫曰：臣聞<span class="zhuanming">越</span>免<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>之難，衣不加美，食不加味，撫民士欲有事于<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>。<span class="zhuanming">勾踐</span>不死，必爲國患矣。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之有<span class="zhuanming">越</span>，爲心腹之疾。<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>由耳。王不聽，伐<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，尅而還，以讓<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>曰：未可也，難猶在<span class="zhuanming">越</span>。王惡其言，乃賜劒，令自刎矣。事與<span class="shuming">屈節解</span>異，又<span class="shuming">左傳</span>不繁。</span> <span>以爲外事無必，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">必，專也，定也。</span> <span>斯實滯名害德，失乎中庸之道<a class="zhuhao" href="#3958" id="3954">〔四〕</a>，非謂以善召禍也。昔大士坐道樹，戰天魔，業之然也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>於菩提樹下成道，破四魔。所謂天魔﹑藴魔﹑煩惱魔﹑死魔。</span> <span>處巖穴，灑足血，業之然也；造<span class="zhuanming">濱州</span>，食馬麥，業之然也。故語今報則善酬，往業豈滅？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濱州】上音賓，水際也。<span class="zhuanming">毗羅然國</span>在<span class="zhuanming">西天竺</span>，近西海，故曰<span class="zhuanming">濱州</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3951" id="3955">〔一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伯夷列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3952" id="3956">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">盜跖</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">尾生</span>與女子期於梁下，女子不來，水至不去，抱梁柱而死。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3953" id="3957">〔三〕</a>參<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伍子胥列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3954" id="3958">〔四〕</a>中庸：不偏不倚，無過無不及。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">雍也</span>：「中庸之爲德也，其至矣乎！民鮮久矣。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「庸，常也，中和可常行之道。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>喪其子而喪其明。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自睛也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>弔之，曰：『吾聞朋友喪其明則哭之。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>哭，<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>亦哭，曰：『天乎！余之無罪。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>怒，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>，爾何爲無罪也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">商</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>名。</span> <span>吾與爾事夫子於<span class="zhuanming">洙</span><span class="zhuanming">泗</span>之閒，退而老於<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之上，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">華陰</span>之地也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洙<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00649','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P649</span></i>泗】上音殊，下音四，二水名，在<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>。</span> <span>使<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之人，疑爾爲夫子，爾罪一也；喪爾親，使民未有聞，爾罪二也；喪爾子，喪爾明，爾罪三也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一不稱師，二於親恩薄，三於子厚，是罪也。</span> <span>而曰何自謂無罪歟？』」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3962" id="3959">〔一〕</a>夫如<span class="zhuanming">曾氏</span>，始謂見天地之心，知禍福之萌矣。<span class="zhuanming">石駘仲</span>卒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>之後。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【駘】音臺。【碏】音鵲。</span> <span>無嫡子，有庶子六人，卜所以爲後者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">吉者從之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嫡】音的，正妻子曰嫡。【庶】妾子曰庶。</span> <span>沐浴佩玉則兆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">齊潔求吉兆也。</span> <span>五人沐浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>曰：「孰有執親之喪而沐浴佩玉者乎？」不沐浴佩玉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">心正且知禮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>兆，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人以龜爲有知也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3963" id="3960">〔二〕</a>。是知業理冥奥<a class="zhuhao" href="#3964" id="3961">〔三〕</a>，儒辨此世，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>通三世，一張一弛，範圍天下，備矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【張弛】<span class="zhuanming">傅武仲</span><span class="shuming">舞賦</span>曰：「張弛之度，聖哲所弛。」注云：「弛，廢也；張，用也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3959" id="3962">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>喪其子而喪其明，<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>吊之，曰：『吾聞之也，朋友喪明則哭之。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>哭，<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>亦哭，曰：『天乎！予之無罪也！』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>怒，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>，女何無罪也？吾與女事夫子于<span class="zhuanming">洙</span><span class="zhuanming">泗</span>之間，退而老於<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之上，使<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之民，疑女于夫子，爾罪一也。喪爾親，使民未有聞焉，爾罪二也。喪爾子，喪爾明，爾罪三也。而曰「女何無罪與」？』<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>投其杖而拜，曰：『吾過矣！吾過矣！吾離群而索居，亦已久矣！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3960" id="3963">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">石駘仲</span>卒，無適子，有庶子六人，卜所以爲後者。曰：『沐浴佩玉則兆。』五人者皆沐<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00650','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P650</span></i>浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>曰：『孰有執親之喪，而沐浴佩玉者乎？』不沐浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>兆，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人以龜爲有知也。」<span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷二四<span class="shuming">卜筮</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">衛石駘</span>卒，無適子，有庶子六人，卜所以爲後者，曰：『沐浴佩玉則兆。』五人皆沐浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>曰：『焉有執親之喪而沐浴佩玉？』不沐浴佩玉，<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>兆。<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人卜，以龜爲有知也。龜非有知，<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>自知也。<span class="zhuanming">祁子</span>行善政，有嘉言，言嘉政善，故有明瑞。使時不卜，謀之於衆，亦猶稱善。何則？人心神意同吉凶也。此言若然，然非卜筮之實也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3961" id="3964">〔三〕</a>冥奥：幽深。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一一<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">遊天台山賦</span>：「豈不以所立冥奥，其路幽迥。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「冥奥者，冥冥深奥也。」</span> </p><p> <span>而經亦云誤殺誤報<a class="zhuhao" href="#3973" id="3965">〔一〕</a>。嘗有山閒比丘，誤蹈一蟻。蟻死爲野豕，觸石而崩，比丘亦誤死於是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3974" id="3966">〔二〕</a>。而世有色雖仁而行違<a class="zhuhao" href="#3975" id="3967">〔三〕</a>，言雖澤而心詖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">詖，險也。所謂色厲而内荏，言僞而辯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詖】音賁，譣詖也；又，佞也。</span> <span>衒聲名，冒禄利<a class="zhuhao" href="#3976" id="3968">〔四〕</a>，知善且蔽，忌惡而黨，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【冒】涉也。【蔽】掩也。【忌】畏也。</span> <span>捨人急己，輔高弱下，力行僭賢，畏罪矯容，滅裂行其事，恢張希其報<a class="zhuhao" href="#3977" id="3969">〔五〕</a>，都不見其功過相磨，恩害相補。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僭】濫也。【滅裂】不遵依也。【恢張】大設也。【磨】折也。</span> <span>上智審諸己，中智求諸人，下智昏昏然，皆謂其損益自然也。夫<span class="zhuanming">李廣</span>不封侯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">李廣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">隴西</span>人，號<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">飛將軍</span>。善射，手不虚發。嘗射石虎，應絃没羽。戰蕃，殺戮至甚，以此竟不封侯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">白起</span>死<span class="zhuanming">杜卸</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">白起</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>將，善野戰，坑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>降卒四十萬，竟死於<span class="zhuanming">杜卸驛</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【李廣不封侯】<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">李廣</span>善射，才氣無雙。每立功，輒不得封，功過相折。<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>嘗與望氣<span class="zhuanming">王朔</span>燕語曰：自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>擊<span class="zhuanming">匈<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00651','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P651</span></i>奴</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>未嘗不在其中，而諸校尉已下，才能不中人，然能取侯者數十人。而<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>不在人後，然無尺寸之功以得封邑者，何也？豈能相皃不當封也？且問命已，<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>曰：將軍自念有所恨乎？曰：吾嘗<span class="zhuanming">隴西</span>守，<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>嘗反，吾誘而降之八百餘人，吾詐而同日殺之，至今大恨。獨此耳。<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>曰：禍莫大於殺降，此乃將軍所以不封也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3978" id="3970">〔六〕</a>。【白起死杜郵】<span class="shuming">史記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">白起</span>有功于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，封爲<span class="zhuanming">武安君</span>。既行，出<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>西門十里，至<span class="zhuanming">杜郵</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦昭王</span>與<span class="zhuanming">應侯</span>群臣議曰：<span class="zhuanming">白起</span>之遷，其意尚怏怏，不服余言。<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>乃使使者賜其劒自裁。<span class="zhuanming">武安君</span>行劒將自刎，曰：我何罪于天而至此焉？良久，曰：我固當死。<span class="zhuanming">長平</span>之戰，<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>降者數千人坑，<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>卒四十萬，我詐而盡坈之，是足以死。遂自殺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3979" id="3971">〔七〕</a>。【杜郵】下音尤，<span class="zhuanming">杜郵</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>西十里之驛名也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">虞詡</span>相朝歌，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">虞經</span>善斷獄，<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>即其後也。<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>奏帝以<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span>三郡爲屯田省也，竟不得其死。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虞詡相朝歌】<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">虞詡</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">外卿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳國</span><span class="zhuanming">武平</span>人也。初辭太尉<span class="zhuanming">李修</span>府，拜郎中。因與<span class="zhuanming">鄧騭</span>兄弟異義，遂不平，欲以法中傷<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>。後<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>賊<span class="zhuanming">甯季</span>等數千人功殺長吏，此敡連年，州郡不能禁，乃以<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>長。故舊皆吊<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>曰：得<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>何襄？<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>曰：志不求易，事不避難，臣之職也。不遇盤節，何以别利器乎？既到官，募壯勇，使入賊中，誘令劫掠，乃伏兵以待之，遂殺賊數百人。又潛遣貧人能縫者傭作賊衣，以彩線縫其裾爲記，有出市里者，吏輒擒之。賊由是駭散。<span class="zhuanming">永和</span>初，迁尚書令，臨卒，謂其子曰：吾事君直道，行己無愧。所悔者，爲<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>長時，殺賊數百人，其中何能不有中冤者？自此二十餘年，家門不增一口，斯獲罪于天也。【虞詡】下況主切，敏而有勇，<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>時人也。【相朝歌】相是長字。<span class="zhuanming">殷王</span><span class="zhuanming">武</span>置都也，至<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>時爲郡。<span class="shuming">措掌</span>云：今<span class="zhuanming">衛州</span><span class="zhuanming">衛縣</span>也。</span> <span>雖保節忠主，而皆要功害物<a class="zhuhao" href="#3980" id="3972">〔八〕</a>，故將死之日，方始省其前過者也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00652','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P652</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3965" id="3973">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">佛説沙彌十戒儀則經</span>：「若有出家者，恣用身口意，誤殺螻蟻類，於其三業中，而得三種罪。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3966" id="3974">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">梵網經菩薩戒本疏</span>卷一：「無記心者，或不成犯，以無記不成業故。或亦有業，以還得報故。如山居比丘推石殺蟻，蟻受豬身，亦還推石，害彼比丘。各無記心，冥然受報。此即於戒雖爲不犯，然殺業如兹不亡，故不可輕也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3967" id="3975">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>問：『士何如，斯可謂之達矣？』子曰：『何哉，爾所謂達者？』<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>對曰：『在邦必聞，在家必聞。』子曰：『是聞也，非達也。夫達也者，質直而好義，察言而觀色，慮以下人。在邦必達，在家必達。夫聞也者，色取仁而行違，居之不疑。在邦必聞，在家必聞。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3968" id="3976">〔四〕</a>衒：誇耀，顯示。　冒：貪得。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3969" id="3977">〔五〕</a>力行：猶言竭力而行。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓中</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">商王</span><span class="zhuanming">受</span>力行無度，播棄犂老，昵比罪人。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「行無法度，竭日不足，故曰力行。」　滅裂：謂言行粗疏草率。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">則陽</span>：「芸而滅裂之，其實亦滅裂而報予。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「耕地不深，鉏治不熟，至秋收時，嘉實不多，皆由疏略，故致斯報也。」　恢張：張揚。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3970" id="3978">〔六〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">李將軍列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3971" id="3979">〔七〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">白起王翦列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3972" id="3980">〔八〕</a>要功：邀功，求取功名。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">馮奉世傳</span>：「争逐發兵，要功萬里之外。」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
論業理第十三
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133638" key="1133638"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第八 &gt; 論業理第十三 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133635" key="1133635"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00615','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P615</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000029">論業理第十三<span class="font12 zhu">三世行支曰業，徵索求理曰論<a class="zhuhao" href="#3736" id="3729">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：佛具十智力，注非。謂有過﹑現﹑未來業報﹑智力等知業，其餘小聖，不能知也。</span></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">覺皇</span>有業智力，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛有無漏浄業﹑八識四智等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3737" id="3730">〔二〕</a>，又示相門中，有九業報<a class="zhuhao" href="#3738" id="3731">〔三〕</a>：一，梵志女<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>謗佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3739" id="3732">〔四〕</a>；二，<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>婆女繫木杅謗佛懷姙<a class="zhuhao" href="#3740" id="3733">〔五〕</a>；三，<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>推山壓佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3741" id="3734">〔六〕</a>；四，迸木槍刺佛足；五，<span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>害<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種，佛亦頭痛；六，受<span class="zhuanming">阿耆達多</span>婆羅門請，佛九十日食馬麥；七，冷風動佛背痛；八，六年苦行；九，入婆羅聚落乞食，空鉢而迴。又冬至前後八日，夜寒索衣。又患熱，令<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>在後執扇等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覺皇】曉也，諭諸法故；明也，破大暗故；寤也，出夢宅故；知也，達性相故。皇者，大也，無不覆故；君也，天人尊故；美也，相好嚴故。注大統也，大千故。覺皇，猶大覺也。覺，自覺﹑他覺，行圓滿故。【杅】音盂，盤鉢也，食器也。【妊】汝鴆切，孕也。【壓】鎮也，音鴨。【迸木槍】上比争切，散也。槍，梢也。此有兩意：一云迸散木片刺佛脚，故曰木槍；二云伏地傷盜，謂之曰槍。佛觸履而此山傷其足。或云馬槍，即今衮槍柜子也。<span class="shuming">二儀實録</span>云<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>置槍。<span class="zhuanming">諸葛亮</span>以木槍長二丈五，鐵爲槍。</span> <span>哀哉有生，貌異音殊，苦樂愚智﹑尊卑壽夭，故大昭業理，用啓人惑。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">良由起異類見，造異類業，受異類報也。</span> <span>小聖之所不及，況非聖者<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00616','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P616</span></i>乎？而有譸張忿懫者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">譸張，誑也。忿懫，怒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譸】音周，謗也。張，誑惑也。【懫】之日切，寒也，滿也。</span> <span>自謂得一之見<a class="zhuhao" href="#3742" id="3735">〔七〕</a>，人莫吾之若也，所謂命矣，非業之由也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有一類背悷之徒，不信業報，皆言天命者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【自謂得一之見】一，道也；見，執也。自執己得天地清寒之道也。【悷】盧帝切，攏悷多惡也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3729" id="3736">〔一〕</a>行支：十二因緣的第二支，謂過去身口意所造業。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3730" id="3737">〔二〕</a>漏：指煩惱。有煩惱而輪迴生死，叫做「有漏」；没有煩惱而能出離生死，即斷除煩惱，證取涅槃之道，叫做「無漏」。　八識：眼﹑耳﹑鼻﹑舌﹑身﹑意爲前六識，亦名六根。末那爲第七識，意謂執持我見。阿賴耶爲第八識，意爲藏，謂能藏一切法，即所謂神識﹑性靈，合稱八識。<span class="shuming">佛説天地八陽神咒經</span>：「云何名八識？眼是色識，耳是聲識，鼻是香識，舌是味識，身是觸識，意是分别識。六根是六識。含藏識，阿賴耶識，是名曰八識。」　四智：指<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>所具有的四種智慧，轉八識而得四種智慧：成所作智（轉前五識所得）﹑妙觀察智（轉第六識所得）﹑平等性智（轉第七識所得）﹑大圓境智（轉第八識所得）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3731" id="3738">〔三〕</a>九業報：指佛因過去世之業障，在成道後所遭受的九種災難。佛教認爲造業將引生種種果報。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷九合稱爲「九罪報」：一﹑受梵志女<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>所謗，五百羅漢亦被謗。佛昔爲博戲浪人，曾誘淫女<span class="zhuanming">鹿相</span>至<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>日常修道之園中娱樂，後殺<span class="zhuanming">鹿相</span>女而嫁禍<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>，故受<span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>謗之報。二﹑受<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>婆羅門女繫木盂佯作腹所謗。佛昔爲一比丘，因妒<span class="zhuanming">無勝比丘</span>受<span class="zhuanming">善幻</span>婦之供養，遂謗<span class="zhuanming">無勝</span>與<span class="zhuanming">善幻</span>通，由此佛説法時受<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>女繫盂於腹譭謗誣賴之報。三﹑受<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>推山石壓傷足趾。佛昔爲<span class="zhuanming">須<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00617','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P617</span></i>摩提</span>，因不欲與其異母弟分財産，遂於高崖推落其弟，投石擊殺，故遭<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>石擊之報。四﹑迸木刺脚。佛昔爲部主商客，因争船格戰，以矛刺穿另一部主脚致其命終，故於乞食時受木槍穿徹足趺之報。五﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗琉璃王</span>興兵殺諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子，佛時頭痛。昔時<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種族捕殺池中之魚，佛爲一童子，曾以杖打魚頭，故受<span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>殺<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種之報，且於其時，佛感頭痛。六﹑受<span class="zhuanming">阿耆達多</span>婆羅門之請而食馬麥。佛昔爲婆羅門時，曾妒<span class="zhuanming">比婆葉如來</span>及比丘衆受<span class="zhuanming">盤頭王</span>供養，遂發惡言，並教其五百童子駡彼等須食馬麥，故佛及五百羅漢於<span class="zhuanming">毗蘭邑</span>時，受食馬麥九十日之報。七﹑冷風吹動則背脊痛。八﹑六年苦行。佛昔爲婆羅門之子<span class="zhuanming">火鬘</span>，與瓦師之子<span class="zhuanming">護喜</span>相善，<span class="zhuanming">護喜</span>曾數邀<span class="zhuanming">火鬘</span>拜見<span class="zhuanming">迦葉如來</span>，然<span class="zhuanming">火鬘</span>以「何用見此髡道人」的惡言三拒，由此因緣受六年苦行之報。九﹑入婆羅門聚落乞食不得，空鉢而還。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3732" id="3739">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">孫陀利</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">須陀利</span>等，意譯「好首」﹑「可愛」。佛在世時，其在大衆中謗佛。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">室羅伐悉底國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>十力無畏，一切種智。人天宗仰，聖賢遵奉。時諸外道，共相議曰：『宜行詭詐，衆中謗辱。』乃誘雇婬女，詐爲聽法。衆所知已，密而殺之，埋尸樹側，稱怨告王。王命求訪於<span class="zhuanming">逝多園</span>，得其尸焉。是時外道高聲唱言：『<span class="zhuanming">喬答摩</span>大沙門常稱戒忍，今私此女，殺而滅口。既婬既殺，何戒何忍？』諸天空中隨聲唱曰：『外道凶人，爲此謗耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3733" id="3740">〔五〕</a>杅：浴盆。　<span class="zhuanming">旃遮</span>：<span class="zhuanming">旃遮摩那</span>，又作<span class="zhuanming">栴闍摩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">氈遮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">懷槃女子</span>，意譯「暴志」，指妨礙<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>度衆之婆羅門女。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">室羅伐悉底國</span>：「佛爲人天説諸法要。有外道弟子，遥見<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>大衆恭敬，便自念曰：『要於今日辱<span class="zhuanming">喬答摩</span>，敗其善譽，當令我師獨擅芳聲。』乃懷繫木盂，至<span class="zhuanming">給孤獨園</span>，於大衆中揚聲唱曰：『此説法人與我私通，腹中之子，乃<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種也。』邪見者莫不信然，貞固者知爲訕謗。時<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00618','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P618</span></i><span class="zhuanming">天帝釋</span>欲除疑故，化爲白鼠，齧斷盂系。系斷之聲，震動大衆。凡諸見聞，增深喜悦。衆中一人起持木盂，示彼女曰：『是汝兒耶？』是時也，地自開坼，全身墜陷，入無間獄，具受其殃。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3734" id="3741">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>：爲佛堂弟。於<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛山</span>投下大石，雖爲<span class="zhuanming">金毗羅神</span>接阻，但碎片傷佛足而出血。　厭：壓，壓覆。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷九下：「厭，笮也。」<span class="zhuanming">段</span>注：「此義今人字作壓，乃古今字之殊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3735" id="3742">〔七〕</a>得一：得道。<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「昔之得一者：天得一以清；地得一以寧；神得一以靈；谷得一以盈；萬物得一以生；侯王得一以爲天下正。」<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>注：「一，數之始而物之極也，各是一物之生，所以爲主也。物皆各得此一以成。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「天命之謂性。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3749" id="3743">〔一〕</a>「得之自是，不得之自是，以聽天命。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3750" id="3744">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">外典稱業爲天命，子云「命矣」。夫修短之性命，皆自是天之所注也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「道之將行也歟，命也。道之將廢也歟，命也。<span class="zhuanming">公伯僚</span>其如命何！」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3751" id="3745">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">公伯僚</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，毁<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>於<span class="zhuanming">叔孫武叔</span>，夫子故有是言也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【公伯僚】<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">弟子傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子周</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人。今不在七十二人之數也。【毁仲尼】注非，如餘傳。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：「死生有命，富貴在天。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3752" id="3746">〔四〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">死生揔報業，富貴别報業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3753" id="3747">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魯公</span>欲見<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯平公</span>將見<span class="zhuanming">孟軻</span>，以其賢德故也。</span> <span>嬖人<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>毁於公而止。<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>聞之曰：「天也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3754" id="3748">〔六〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>云：「君不見我，自是天命未會，非<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>能止。」</span> <span>是知由業，故不然矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以緣業爲天命也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3743" id="3749">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「天命之謂性，率性之謂道，修道之謂教。道也者，不可須臾離也；可離，非道也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3744" id="3750">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">表記</span>：「求以事君，得之自是，不得自是，以聽天命。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00619','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P619</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3745" id="3751">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>愬<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>於<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子服景伯</span>以告，曰：『夫子固有惑志於<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>，吾力猶能肆諸市朝。』子曰：『道之將行也與，命也。道之將廢也與，命也。<span class="zhuanming">公伯寮</span>其如命何！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3746" id="3752">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">司馬牛</span>憂曰：『人皆有兄弟，我獨亡！』<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>聞之矣：死生有命，富貴在天。君子敬而無失，與人恭而有禮。四海之内，皆兄弟也。君子何患乎無兄弟也？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3747" id="3753">〔五〕</a>揔報業﹑别報業：由引業牽引衆生感得四生﹑五趣等異熟（因異世成熟，故名）總體，稱爲總報。如生在人道者，彼此都是人，均受同樣的人道的果報，是爲「總報」。由滿業力所感受之異熟生各不相同，稱爲别報。比如雖然都是人，但六根有好壞，壽命有長短，人各不同，是爲「别報」。其招總報之業因者，爲總報業；感别報之業因者，爲别報業。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3748" id="3754">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">梁惠王下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">魯平公</span>將出。嬖人<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>者請曰：『他日君出，則必命有司所之。今乘輿已駕矣，有司未知所之。敢請。』公曰：『將見<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>。』曰：『何哉？君所爲輕身以先於匹夫者，以爲賢乎？禮義由賢者出。而<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>之後喪踰前喪。君無見焉！』公曰：『諾。』<span class="zhuanming">樂正子</span>入見，曰：『君奚爲不見<span class="zhuanming">孟軻</span>也？』曰：『或告寡人曰，「<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>之後喪踰前喪」，是以不往見也。』曰：『何哉，君所謂踰者？前以士，後以大夫；前以三鼎，而後以五鼎與？』曰：『否。謂棺槨衣衾之美也。』曰：『非所謂踰也，貧富不同也。』<span class="zhuanming">樂正子</span>見<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">克</span>告於君，君爲來見也。嬖人有<span class="zhuanming">臧倉</span>者沮君，君是以不果來也。』曰：『行或使之，止或尼之。行止，非人所能也。吾之不遇<span class="zhuanming">魯侯</span>，天也。<span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>之子焉能使予不遇哉？』」</span> </p><p> <span>且仁者克己<a class="zhuhao" href="#3758" id="3755">〔一〕</a>，不仁者害人；仁者危甚累棋，不仁者安過覆盂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3759" id="3756">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">積善殃咎，若<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00620','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P620</span></i><span class="zhuanming">比干</span>之徒。爲惡諧偶，若<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克己】上勝也；下私。道勝私己爲仁。【累棋】累十二棊子之上，復立九卵，至危者也。【覆盂】<span class="shuming">東方朔傳</span>也。調偶也。</span> <span>禍福篾徵，其在耳目。故<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>聖德，但自一己；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">翼善傳聖曰<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">丹朱</span>不肖而絶。仁聖盛明曰<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>不嗣而絶也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徵】驗也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">厲幽</span>昏淫，祚延七百。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">暴虐無親曰<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>，壅遏不通曰<span class="zhuanming">幽</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">周</span>王也。雖昏，猶延數世。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【厲】<span class="zhuanming">周</span>第十主，諱<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">夷王</span>子，好利奢侈，傲暴虐。國人叛，出匿而死，曰<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>。【幽】<span class="zhuanming">周</span>十二主，諱<span class="zhuanming">宫涅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣王</span>子。惑<span class="zhuanming">褒姒</span>，戲諸侯，<span class="zhuanming">申侯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">犬戎</span>同伐，殺王，謚曰<span class="zhuanming">幽</span>。</span> <span>三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>陵僭，世執<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>政<a class="zhuhao" href="#3760" id="3757">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>上卿，<span class="zhuanming">叔孫</span>中卿，<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>下卿。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>匡輔，嗣絶<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>史。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>也。佐<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>，九合諸侯，尊奬王室。<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>竟無後嗣也。【陵僭】上侵侮也；下越禮也。</span> <span>騷爲<span class="shuming">天問</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三閭大夫<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>也，著<span class="shuming">離騷經</span>，故謂騷人，有<span class="shuming">天問</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騷】愁也。【天問】<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>造<span class="shuming">楚辭</span>二十五篇，有<span class="shuming">離騷</span>與<span class="shuming">天問篇</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">班</span>賦<span class="shuming">通幽</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班固</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟堅</span>，著<span class="shuming">通幽賦</span>，傷賢良不用也。並在<span class="shuming">文選</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【班固幽通賦】<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">幽通賦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">曹大家</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">項岱</span>並有注。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">李</span>推<span class="shuming">運命</span>，其不爲此歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">李蕭遠</span>有<span class="shuming">運命論</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【李推運命】<span class="zhuanming">李康</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">蕭遠</span>，造<span class="shuming">運命論</span>。推，求也。【爲】因也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3755" id="3758">〔一〕</a>克己：謂克制私欲，嚴以律己。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3756" id="3759">〔二〕</a>累棋：累積的棋子。高則容易倒塌，比喻形勢很危險。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">秦策四</span>：「致至而危，累棋是也。」　覆盂：倒置的盂。比喻安定﹑安穩。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3757" id="3760">〔三〕</a>三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>：<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>三人，均爲<span class="zhuanming">魯桓公</span>的後代，故稱「三桓」。　陵僭：僭越，超越本<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00621','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P621</span></i>分。<span class="zhuanming">文公</span>死後，三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>勢力日强，實際掌握<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>的政權。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公二十七年</span>：「公患三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>之侈也，欲以諸侯去之；三<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>亦患公之妄也，故君臣多間。」</span> </p><p> <span>故金仙之門，其孰能辯之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3773" id="3761">〔一〕</a>？由是群言師師，若妖厲憑舌<a class="zhuhao" href="#3774" id="3762">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">前有譸張之士述之，皆言是命，不是於業。後之承信，若巫覡之傳妖厲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巫覡】<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span>云：司巫，掌獄巫之政令。若國大旱，則師巫而舞雩<a class="zhuhao" href="#3775" id="3763">〔三〕</a>。然巫傳神語也。</span> <span>使君子大人聞之，猶若投杼<a class="zhuhao" href="#3776" id="3764">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>母織，有告<span class="zhuanming">參</span>殺人，母初不信。再告，母疑。三告，母投杼而走。以<span class="zhuanming">參</span>仁孝，報者不過三，母尚信之。今此不經之言，傳者不過三，達人君子亦須信之，況餘者？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【投杼】下音佇，機之持緯曰杼也。</span> <span>時袒右肩士，愀然不懌，徂履礪刃<a class="zhuhao" href="#3777" id="3765">〔五〕</a>，將斬其疑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時有偏袒<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子<a class="zhuhao" href="#3778" id="3766">〔六〕</a>，洞明業理，覩其迷謬，遂礪智鋒，將决其疑網也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愀】親小切，容色變也。【懌】音亦，悦樂也。</span> <span>曰：若稱命不稱業，其蔽也固。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蔽，塞。固，執也。</span> <span>夫業者，生乎運動者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">運動者，即發行之謂也。</span> <span>動有違順，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">善與善順，惡與善違。</span> <span>成乎善惡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">福業爲善，非福爲惡。</span> <span>善惡鍾乎報施<a class="zhuhao" href="#3779" id="3767">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">施戒善相應，殺盜惡際會。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鐘】聚也。</span> <span>然後有性命窮通生焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3780" id="3768">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">於揔報外有窮通﹑貧富﹑修短﹑聰暗﹑端正﹑醜陋，皆名别報業也。</span> <span>但機運之業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3781" id="3769">〔九〕</a>，有於輕重。而性命之報，有於今後。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">順現業，名今重也。順生順後業，名後則輕也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3782" id="3770">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>必若弗假乎業，而受命惟天，則何天道之賦命，而不均其厚薄<a class="zhuhao" href="#3783" id="3771">〔一一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若人等皆由天命，何故其道不均？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【賦】班賜也。</span> <span>必若業唯運動，不能招命，則祭豈有福，暴豈有傷乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今以宿行<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00622','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P622</span></i>定招名業，善惡現感名命。若唯有業者則合宿緣，感無移改，豈得現見？祭祀者獲福，兇暴者受殃，皆非宿業所感也。祀者但是冥助而已<a class="zhuhao" href="#3784" id="3772">〔一二〕</a>，兇暴者亦是順現别報也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3761" id="3773">〔一〕</a>金仙：指佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3762" id="3774">〔二〕</a>師師：衆多貌。　妖厲：鬼怪。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3763" id="3775">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">司巫</span>：「司巫：掌群巫之政令，若國大旱，則帥巫而舞雩。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3764" id="3776">〔四〕</a>投杼：比喻謡言衆多，動摇了對最親近者的信心。典出<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">秦策二</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>處<span class="zhuanming">費</span>，<span class="zhuanming">費</span>人有與<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>同名族者而殺人。人告<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>母曰：『<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>殺人。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>之母曰：『吾子不殺人。』織自若。有頃焉，人又曰：『<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>殺人。』其母尚織自若也。頃之，一人又告之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>殺人。』其母懼，投杼踰牆而走。夫以<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>之賢，與母之信也，而三人疑之，則慈母不能信也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3765" id="3777">〔五〕</a>愀然：憂愁貌。　懌：歡喜，高興。　徂：開始。　履：實行﹑實踐。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3766" id="3778">〔六〕</a>偏袒：佛教徒穿袈裟袒露右肩，以表示恭敬，並便於執持法器。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷中<span class="shuming">禮數</span>：「偏袒，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之儀也。此禮自<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span>世寖至今也。律云，偏露右肩，即肉袒也。律云，一切供養，皆偏袒，示有便於執作也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3767" id="3779">〔七〕</a>報施：猶報應。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3768" id="3780">〔八〕</a>窮通：困頓與顯達。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">讓王</span>：「古之得道者，窮亦樂，通亦樂，所樂非窮通也；道德於此，則窮通爲寒暑風雨之序矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3769" id="3781">〔九〕</a>機運：猶時機。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00623','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P623</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3770" id="3782">〔一○〕</a>順現業：「順現法受業」的略稱。所謂順現即現身，順現業即此生造業，此生便受果報。　順生業：順生受業，或稱順次生受業。謂此生造業，次生纔受果報。　順後業：順後受業，又稱順後次受業。謂於此生作業而於次生以後感得果報。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3771" id="3783">〔一一〕</a>賦命：給以生命。<span class="zhuanming">陶潛</span><span class="shuming">與子儼等疏</span>：「天地賦命，生必有死。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3772" id="3784">〔一二〕</a>冥助：謂佛的佑助。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「莫莫葛藟，施于條枚。豈弟君子，求福不回。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3788" id="3785">〔一〕</a>斯言何設歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">旱麓</span>之卒章也。旱，山名。麓，足也。取其不違先祖求福之道。回，違也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【葛藟】上古渴切，下力水切。蔓生藤也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「莫莫」等。【條枚】枝也。【豈弟】上苦改切，樂也；下易也。與愷悌同。【旱麓】上山名，在<span class="zhuanming">南鄭</span>；下音鹿，林也，屬山曰麓。</span> <span>然往世之業，有定不定<a class="zhuhao" href="#3789" id="3786">〔二〕</a>；而感今世性命，有變不變。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">業於時報，有定不定，性命有變不變，若順現變爲蛇等。别報則變，揔報不變也。</span> <span>其業若定，所感之命確乎不改。其業若不定，而所感之命則可損益之耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如憑善力，轉重令輕等。惡亦如是。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【確】苦角切，靳固也。</span> <span>然今世之業，有定不定，而令昔世所感性命，有變不變。其業若定，能改昔因，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如善業能改昔世之惡因。</span> <span>不定之命，致有窮通。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不定之命，謂别報也。本以惡故窮，今以善力改之，故通也。</span> <span>其業若不定，則一乎否泰耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#3790" id="3787">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂不定能改也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【否】閉也，塞也。<span class="shuming">象</span>曰：天地不交，否。君子以儉德辟難，不可榮以禄，曰否。【泰】通也。天地交而萬物通也，上下交而其志同也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00624','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P624</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3785" id="3788">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">旱麓</span>。　莫莫：繁密貌。　豈弟：和樂平易。　不回：不違祖先之道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3786" id="3789">〔二〕</a>定不定：即定業與不定業，是善惡之業所招感的果報。具體有三種情形：一﹑是否一定招感果報而分定業﹑不定業，即異熟果定或不定；二﹑招感果報的時節定或不定；三﹑合併前兩者，若果報與時節都爲定，則爲定業，不定則爲不定業。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3787" id="3790">〔三〕</a>否泰：指世道的盛衰，命運的順逆。本爲<span class="shuming">易</span>中的兩個卦名。天地交，萬物通謂之「泰」；不交閉塞謂之「否」。</span> </p><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>，遇佛爲法醫，遇<span class="zhuanming">耆婆</span>爲世醫，而不蠲於宿瘵<a class="zhuhao" href="#3798" id="3791">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">瘵，病也。如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>血痢，良醫云可食藕，乃令<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>往<span class="zhuanming">漫陀羅池</span>中取藕食之等。<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>喪目等，皆宿業也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【耆婆】或云<span class="zhuanming">耆域</span>，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>庶兄也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>，遇<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>著德行，遇諸侯務賢智，而不去其貧夭，蓋往世所感之命定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貧夭】乏財曰貧，<span class="zhuanming">閔子</span>；壽促曰夭，<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>。</span> <span>故今世行善，不能益之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子淵</span>。弟子，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人也，<span class="zhuanming">顔路</span>之子。家貧，三十早亡。<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子騫</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，有孝行。家貧，遭後母所苦，爲<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>家<span class="zhuanming">費</span>宰。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【費】音祕，<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>邑名。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">跋難陀</span>忮求而福盛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3799" id="3792">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">跋難陀比丘</span>富盛，有金錢數億也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跋難陀】六群一也。【忮求】忮，音置，害心也，很也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：君子不知德行，不忮不求，何用不臧。反此名忮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>酷恣而威强<a class="zhuhao" href="#3800" id="3793">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">育王</span>殺戮無度，置地獄等，而威震海隅。遇沙門<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>化之，建八萬四千塔也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>出君，死於牖下<a class="zhuhao" href="#3801" id="3794">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季桓子</span>逐出<span class="zhuanming">魯昭公</span>，竟死於<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3802" id="3795">〔五〕</a>，而攝祭祀，終獲死於<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【季桓子】應云平子。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>餔腸，終於上壽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3803" id="3796">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>爲賊，於<span class="zhuanming">東陵</span>日殺行人，取<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00625','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P625</span></i>心肝爲餔。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>不能化之，竟獲其死也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3804" id="3797">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餔】音晡，申食時也。</span> <span>蓋往世所感之命定也，今世不善不能損之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此以宿有善業，現惡不能掩之也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3791" id="3798">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">耆婆</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">耆婆伽</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">祗婆</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">時婆</span>」等，爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>時代之名醫。虔誠信仰佛教，屢次治癒佛弟子之病。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3792" id="3799">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">跋難陀</span>：意譯<span class="zhuanming">善喜</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">賢喜</span>，聞佛涅槃而歡喜之惡比丘。<span class="shuming">佛説長阿含經</span>卷四：「時彼衆中有<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種子，字<span class="zhuanming">跋難陀</span>，止諸比丘言：『汝等勿憂，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>滅度，我得自在。彼老常言：當應行是，不應行是，自今已後，隨我所爲。』」　忮求：嫉妒貪求。語出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">雄雉</span>：「百爾君子，不知德行。不忮不求，何用不臧？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3793" id="3800">〔三〕</a>酷恣：殘忍暴虐﹑放縱恣肆。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3794" id="3801">〔四〕</a>牖下：户牖間之前。死於牖下指壽終正寢。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">畢萬</span>，匹夫也。七戰皆獲，有馬百乘，死於牖下。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「死於牖下，言得壽終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3795" id="3802">〔五〕</a>此句句首當據文意補「<span class="zhuanming">魯昭公</span>」。竟：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「音」。　<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地。<span class="shuming">春秋</span><span class="shuming">昭公二十八年</span>：「公如<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，次於<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">乾侯</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">魏郡</span><span class="zhuanming">斥丘縣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>境内邑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3796" id="3803">〔六〕</a>上壽：<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">盜跖</span>：「人上壽百歲，中壽八十，下壽六十。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3797" id="3804">〔七〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">盜跖</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">末利</span>獻食，爲國夫人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">末利夫人</span>，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>宫庶生，極醜，父王不欲見，乃咨嗟供佛，念誦不暇。佛爲見<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00626','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P626</span></i>身，變獲端嚴，<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>取爲夫人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3809" id="3805">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span>舡板讓死，爲海神授命。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大莊嚴論</span>説：有比丘泛海，遇風損舡，少年比丘獲一舡板，見上座没，念云：「佛令敬上座。」遂以板讓之。海神覩見歡喜，俱推出海而得存活也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3810" id="3806">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讓】<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>有<span class="zhuanming">交讓</span>水，兩樹相對，一枯則一榮，此二比丘，取喻可知。【大莊嚴論】一十五卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>愍於<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">趙宣子</span>出，見<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>餓人，問之，云：「不食三日矣。」乃取食以飼之。後爲<span class="zhuanming">晉靈</span>嗾獓咬之，<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span><span class="zhuanming">靈輒</span>殺獓，扶輪救之而出也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3811" id="3807">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嗾】嗽﹑湊二音，犬聲。【獒】五勞切，犬高四尺曰獒。</span> <span>漂母哀於<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">淮陰侯</span><span class="zhuanming">韓信</span>，未遇，飢甚。見老母漂絮，投之，母餉之。後佐<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>封<span class="zhuanming">淮陰侯</span>。母已死，開墳以千金投内也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3812" id="3808">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漂】匹妙切，以水漂絮也。【淮陰侯】<span class="zhuanming">韓信</span>家貧，釣于城下。有一漂母以潔絮也，哀之，以飯<span class="zhuanming">信</span>，竟漂數十日。<span class="zhuanming">信</span>謂母曰：吾必重報母。母怒曰：大丈夫不能自食，吾哀王孫而進食，豈望報乎？後<span class="zhuanming">信</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>後爲<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>，召漂母報以千金，是母尚在也。注云開墳報母，豈是順現業？注非也。<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚州</span>也。</span> <span>皆今世善業之定也。往世之命不定，故能變衰從盛也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">末利</span>已下，此順現善業也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3805" id="3809">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">末利</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">摩利夫人</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摩利迦夫人</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">勝鬘夫人</span>。<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">迦比羅衛城</span>人。據<span class="shuming">毗奈耶雜事</span>卷七，父殁後淪爲<span class="zhuanming">摩訶男</span>之婢，嘗受命至園林採花結鬟以呈之，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶男</span>見之大喜，令住園中日日結鬘，故又名「勝鬘」。後因以飯食供養<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>之功德，而得脱離婢身，成爲<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>之夫人，生有<span class="zhuanming">惡生太子</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">毗琉璃太子</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3806" id="3810">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">馬鳴</span>造﹑<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">大莊嚴論經</span>卷三：「我昔曾聞有諸比丘，與諸估客入海採寶，既至海中，船舫破壞。爾時有一年少比丘，捉一枚板。上座比丘不得板故，將没水中。于時上座恐怖惶悸，懼爲水<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00627','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P627</span></i>漂，語年少言：『汝寧不憶佛所制戒，當敬上座？汝所得板，應以與我。』爾時年少即便思惟：『<span class="zhuanming">如來世尊</span>，實有斯語。諸有利樂，應先上座。』復作是念：『我若以板用與上座，必没水中，洄澓波浪，大海之難，極爲深廣。我於今者，命將不全。又我年少初始出家，未得道果，以此爲憂。我今捨身用濟上座，正是其時。』……即便捨板，持與上座。既受板已，于時海神感其精誠，即接年少比丘，置於岸上。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3807" id="3811">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公二年</span>：「秋九月，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>侯飲<span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>酒，伏甲，將攻之。其右<span class="zhuanming">提彌明</span>知之，趨登，曰：『臣侍君宴，過三爵，非禮也。』遂扶以下，公嗾夫獒焉。<span class="zhuanming">明</span>搏而殺之。<span class="zhuanming">盾</span>曰：『棄人用犬，雖猛何爲！』鬭且出，<span class="zhuanming">提彌明</span>死之。初，<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>田于<span class="zhuanming">首山</span>，舍于<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">靈輒</span>餓，問其病。曰：『不食三日矣。』食之，舍其半。問之，曰：『宦三年矣，未知母之存否，今近焉，請以遺之。』使盡之，而爲之簞食與肉，置諸橐以與之。既而與爲公介，倒戟以禦公徒而免之。問何故。對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">翳桑</span>之餓人也。』問其名居，不告而退，遂自亡也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3808" id="3812">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">淮陰侯韓信列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">信</span>釣於城下，諸母漂，有一母見<span class="zhuanming">信</span>飢，飯<span class="zhuanming">信</span>，竟漂數十日。<span class="zhuanming">信</span>喜，謂漂母曰：『吾必有以重報母。』母怒曰：『大丈夫不能自食，吾哀王孫而進食，豈望報乎！』」「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>五年正月，徙<span class="zhuanming">齊王信</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>，都<span class="zhuanming">下邳</span>。<span class="zhuanming">信</span>至國，召所從食漂母，賜千金。」</span> </p><p> <span>樵客指熊而臂落，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">經律異相</span>云：有樵夫入山，值大雪寒極，白熊收入窟。至雪霽，下山見獵人，乃引之，示其熊處，舉手指之，隨指臂落也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3816" id="3813">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【熊】音雄，獸名，似豕。<span class="shuming">智度論</span>作羆，音碑。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：黄白文。</span> <span>比丘啖䏑而腸穿，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有逐羊奔寺，見比丘指示之，乃殺之以䏑啖。比丘食已，䏑徧於皮下走，穿<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00628','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P628</span></i>腸而卒。出<span class="shuming">辯正論</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【䏑】音炙，同柘﹑隻二音。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>始燔肉爲䏑。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">里克</span>見討於弑君<a class="zhuhao" href="#3817" id="3814">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉獻公</span>寵<span class="zhuanming">孋姬</span>而逐群公子。殺<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>太子，立<span class="zhuanming">奚齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">里克</span>殺之。國人又立<span class="zhuanming">卓子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">克</span>又殺之，而迎<span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>立之，是爲<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>。<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>至自<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">里克</span>曰：「子殺二君與一大夫。」謂<span class="zhuanming">荀息</span>也，乃自殺，即<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>討之故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孋姬】<span class="zhuanming">孋國</span>之姬。【而迎】近悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>逞志於<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>相<a class="zhuhao" href="#3818" id="3815">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>，<span class="zhuanming">范睢</span>也。與<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>入<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>悦之。<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>歸，譖之於<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>乃飲酒次，打之齒折，沈溷中。活而奔<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，改稱<span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>拜爲相。後謀收<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>令<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>奉使，<span class="zhuanming">禄</span>乃令<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>作驢，仍令取<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">魏齊</span>出奔至死，竟喪於<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逞】丑郢切，通也。【范睢】音雖。【入秦】下是齊字，下秦同此。【魏齊】<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>相也。【作驢】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云置莝草馬食之。【仍令】仍今者悮。</span> <span>皆今世不善業之定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆順現業不善之報也。</span> <span>往世之命不定，故能化存爲亡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">前世壽本未盡，爲今世業令盡，而受現果故也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3813" id="3816">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">經律異相</span>卷一一「爲熊身濟迷路人八」：「有人入林伐木，迷惑失心。時值大雨，日暮饑寒。惡蟲毒獸，欲侵害之，是人入石窟中。有一大熊，見之怖，出。熊語之言：『汝勿恐怖。此舍温暖，可於中宿。』時連雨七日，常以甘果美水，供給此人。七日雨止，熊將此人示其道徑。熊語人言：『我是罪身，人是怨家。若有問者，莫言見我。』人答言爾。此人前行，見諸獵者。獵者問：『汝從何來，見有衆獸不？』答言：『見一大熊，於我有恩，不得示汝。』獵者言：『汝是人黨，以人類相觀，何以惜熊？今一失道，何時復來。汝示我者，我與汝多分。』此人心變，即將獵者示熊處所。獵者殺熊，即以多分與之。此人展手取肉，二肘俱墮。獵者言：『汝有何罪？』答言：『是熊看我，如父視子。我今背<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00629','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P629</span></i>恩，將是罪報。』獵者恐怖，不敢食肉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3814" id="3817">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">國語</span>卷九<span class="shuming">晉語</span>三：「<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>既即位，乃背<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>賂。使<span class="zhuanming">丕鄭</span>聘于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，且謝之。而殺<span class="zhuanming">里克</span>，曰：『子殺二君與一大夫，爲子君者，不亦難乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3815" id="3818">〔三〕</a>逞志：如願，得逞。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>害聖出足血，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">推山傷佛足。</span> <span>破僧倫，必受泥犁之一劫，蓋方生不善業之定也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3830" id="3819">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦順現不善定業也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【破僧倫】六和名僧倫理也。壞和合之理，曰破僧倫。又，四人名僧倫輩也。能破魔所破者，至少八人。令僧不和，分爲兩輩也。【泥犁】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>云泥犁耶，此云無喜樂，<span class="shuming">毗婆沙論</span>云泥犁迦，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言無去處，<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>捺落迦，此云哭器，或云不可樂。那落迦，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言苦者。【一劫】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語劫波，此云時分。日月歲數爲小劫，若增若減爲中劫，數不及者爲大劫。阿鼻壽命一中劫量。【方生】方，正也，比類也。惡果名曰方生。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>弑父，見于佛，信于法，免無擇之大苦<a class="zhuhao" href="#3831" id="3820">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>弑父<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>，地獄苦見，身患惡瘡，歸心告佛，佛以光照而瘡愈，反爲説法，免地獄之苦也。無擇，獄名，不擇善惡故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不擇善惡】應云不擇貴賤﹑不擇貧富﹑不擇老少，名曰善惡，非行善者，亦墮無擇也。</span> <span>蓋方生不善業之不定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因懺悔而罪滅矣，此乃時報俱不定也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【因懺悔而滅罪】滅罪有四：一因業不定；二誠心懺悔；三根熟憐見；四聖力加備。四者具一，其罪可除。<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>具三，不得入見。【時報俱不定也】<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>逆罪業未遇懺悔時，報俱不定，悔罪後是順生業中時，定報不定也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">顔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>之貧夭，酬往因之不善，其德行可爲來生之善報；<span class="zhuanming">季</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>之富壽，酬往因之善業，其逆暴可爲來生之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00630','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P630</span></i>重苦，誠不足疑矣。夫不龜手藥是一，而榮賤各異<a class="zhuhao" href="#3832" id="3821">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">龜，皴坼也。有賣藥以治之，所獲甚少。南人鬻其方，歸而獻於君。值征所用，大得其禄也。出<span class="shuming">莊子</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皴】七倫切，皮細起也。【坼】丑格切，裂也。</span> <span>削諸侯地是一，而興亡不同。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>削奪諸侯地而不封，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>軍入<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，無救者而亡也。<span class="zhuanming">麗食其</span>見<span class="zhuanming">漢王</span>，勸令封諸侯地。及<span class="zhuanming">張良</span>至，遽止之。於帳中借筯爲籌畫之，言不可，遂不封，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>果興也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麗食其】上音歷，姓也；中音異，下音基，人名也。【借筯】假借也。下箸助也。【籌畫】上直由切，筭也；下音獲，計也，策也。</span> <span>實由機運有工拙<a class="zhuhao" href="#3833" id="3822">〔四〕</a>，而性命有可易不可易也。故君子知運命之不可易，而樂天知命<a class="zhuhao" href="#3834" id="3823">〔五〕</a>；小人不知則踰己躁動，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不知道，無以爲君子。</span> <span>是以禍福安危，居然可見矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3835" id="3824">〔六〕</a>。其有謂吉凶恒理，由命不由運者，斯不足斷矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">運有否泰，吉凶由人者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斯亦不足斷矣】斯，此也；足，圓也；斷，决也。若有人言吉凶乃天之恒理也，但由命不由運，此乃不圓偏判也。若俱由運命則爲圓矣，下准釋，注不當也。</span> <span>夫冬草覆而不死，何嘗不由運乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">由運用而可免也。</span> <span>有以性能則命通，由運不由命者，斯亦不足斷矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有便倚運動，不信宿業，則亦不可也。</span> <span>夫寒木溉而不滋，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">滋，潤灌也。如古柏澆水，豈便滋茂？蓋力堅故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寒木溉等】溉，灌。滋，榮茂也。如枯寒之木，根脈既死，縱水澆溉，終不滋榮也。注非。</span> <span>何嘗不由命乎？夫兩信完，方可謂之達奥。是以信有運則業之信矣，信有命則果之信矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">運乃業因，命則業果。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【完】桓音，全也。</span> <span>信運命而不信業果者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3836" id="3825">〔七〕</a>，何異聞朝三暮四則怒，聞朝四暮三則<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00631','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P631</span></i>喜乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：如云朝三暮四之言，衆狙皆怒。卻云朝四暮三，則衆狙盡喜。而不知名異而事同者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3837" id="3826">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【狙】七餘切。</span> <span>故此方先聖儒，雖不顯言於業果，而陰以運命騭之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">騭，定也。以運命暗定業理故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陰騭】上暗也；下音質。<span class="shuming">洪範</span>云：惟陰騭下民。騭，定也。</span> <span>名殊而義一耳。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「知幾其神乎？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3838" id="3827">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云：「萬物出於幾。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3839" id="3828">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">陰符</span>云：「心生於幾，死於幾。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3840" id="3829">〔一一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">本作物。見物而幾生也。心能發幾，目能見幾。生死之心在於物，成敗之幾見於目也。<span class="zhuanming">張湛</span>云：幾者群有之始，動之所崇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【幾】音飢，會也。主發曰幾。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>是機也。【所崇】下是宗字。</span> <span>幾者動之微，蓋言於業運也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3819" id="3830">〔一〕</a>泥犁：地獄。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷四下：「地獄此方名，胡稱泥犁者。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言無有，無有喜樂，無氣味，無歡，無利，故云無有。或言卑下，或言墮落。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3820" id="3831">〔二〕</a>無擇：即無間地獄。<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷七<span class="shuming">六道篇</span>四之三「受報部」：「無擇地獄，亦名無間，一投苦火，永無樂間，既苦無間，何所可擇？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3821" id="3832">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人有善爲不龜手之藥者，世世以洴澼洸爲事。客聞之，請買其方百金。聚族而謀曰：『我世世爲洴澼洸，不過數金。今一朝而鬻技百金，請與之。』客得之，以説<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">越</span>有難，<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>使之將。冬與<span class="zhuanming">越</span>人水戰，大敗<span class="zhuanming">越</span>人，裂地而封之。能不龜手一也，或以封，或不免於洴澼洸，則所用之異也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3822" id="3833">〔四〕</a>機運：猶時機。　工拙：猶言優劣。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00632','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P632</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3823" id="3834">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「旁行而不流，樂天知命，故不憂。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3824" id="3835">〔六〕</a>居然：顯然。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">何夔傳</span>：「顯忠直之賞，明公實之報，則賢不肖之分，居然别矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3825" id="3836">〔七〕</a>運命：指命中註定的生死﹑貧富和一切遭遇。　業果：佛教指惡業或善業所造成的苦樂果報。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3826" id="3837">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">狙公</span>賦芧，曰：『朝三而暮四。』衆狙皆怒。曰：『然則朝四而暮三？』衆狙皆悦。名實未虧而喜怒爲用，亦因是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3827" id="3838">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「子曰：知幾其神乎？君子上交不諂，下交不瀆，其知幾乎？幾者，動之微，吉之先見者也。君子見幾而作，不俟終日。易曰：介于石，不終日，貞吉。介如石焉，寧用終日？斷可識矣。君子知微知彰，知柔知剛，萬夫之望。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「『知幾其神乎』者，神道微妙，寂然不測，人若能豫知事之幾微，則能與其神道合會也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3828" id="3839">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">至樂</span>：「萬物皆出於機，皆入於機。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏曰：「機者發動，所謂造化也。造化者，無物也。人既從無生有，又反入歸無也。豈唯在人，萬物皆爾。或無識變成有識，[或]有識變爲無識，或無識變爲無識，或有識變爲有識，千萬變化，未始有極也。而出入機變，謂之死生。既知變化無窮，寧復欣生惡死！體斯趣旨，謂之至樂也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3829" id="3840">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">陰符經</span>：「心生於物，死於物，機在於目。」</span> </p><p> <span>或曰：「業興於動，其報理均，曷有輕重定不定乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所發業是同，何有輕重等受報不定者乎？</span> <span>曰：「心有喜怒，事有恩酷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">能發之心，行有不同。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恩酷】恩，事敬之。酷，事之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00633','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P633</span></i>虐。</span> <span>故形不忍乎色，逞炮烙于心。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">紂</span>之無道，改炮烙之刑，行刳斮之虐，此業之重也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逞】疾也，盡也。【斮】音碏。</span> <span>而<span class="shuming">書</span>云：『宥過無大，刑過無小。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#3859" id="3841">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">宥，放也。不以罪大而不赦，不以過小而不殺也。</span> <span>經云：『爲團鐵小亦沈水，爲鉢鐵大亦能浮。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#3860" id="3842">〔二〕</a>莫不以是。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">業雖重而悔猛，亦免；業雖輕而不懺，亦受。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span><span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>文也。</span> <span>又若以三業三時合離爲八<a class="zhuhao" href="#3861" id="3843">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身口意單名離，三業俱等名合。離合二種兼三業三時爲八。三時，三世也。</span> <span>兼之則重，差之則輕，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三業同發名重，不同發名輕。</span> <span>輕則不定，重乃定矣。由是<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙</span>餒於逆子，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙</span>即<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3862" id="3844">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>黨死於凶王。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3863" id="3845">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>聰明而洪水，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">湯湯洪水，蕩蕩懷山襄陵，下民昏墊等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3864" id="3846">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【湯】音傷。湯湯，流水皃也。【墊】音店，濕也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">湯</span>仁德而大旱<a class="zhuhao" href="#3865" id="3847">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">湯</span>以仁德而有天下，七年大旱，禱於<span class="zhuanming">桑林</span>等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禱】告諸也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">單豹</span>，以養求生，俱不能生。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>者，畏慎之士也，見高門懸簿，無不走也。年四十，以内熱之病而卒，此過之於躁滯外也。<span class="zhuanming">單豹</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，巖居飲水，不與民共利。年七十而有嬰兒之色，不幸遇餓虎食之。此滯於内也。<span class="zhuanming">豹</span>養其内，虎食其外，<span class="zhuanming">毅</span>養其外，病攻其内，俱求生不得生也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3866" id="3848">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【張毅】下魚既切，畏慎之士，養外者也。【單豹】修德之士，養内者也。【齊人】未詳。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云有<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>者，不言<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人也。【懸簿】上音玄，擊也；下簾也。既高門懸，是富家也。又懸，掛也。薄，牓也。懸薄掛牓者，必公府也。<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>畏慎，逃避此門也。【滯】凝也。【攻】伐也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">后稷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3867" id="3849">〔九〕</a>，不以養求生，俱反其生。蓋運命之定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">善容</span>。曾施一訶梨勒，九十一劫不患頭痛，遭<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00634','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P634</span></i>後母方便殺之，經五難不死。出家後，目不視女人，身不入尼寺，不爲女人説一句法。<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>知其少欲，施其塔一，金錢湧地不受也。<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">帝嚳</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">姜原</span>所生。生而毛，遂棄之深山﹑寒冰﹑陋巷，三弃不死，因名<span class="zhuanming">弃</span>。善播種，仕<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，至十五代孫<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>得天下。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【薄俱羅】年在幼童，見母作餅而索之，後母惡之，置餅爐中，以󵭚覆之，父見出之。後於一時母煑肉，子從索之，母又置子釜中，父見出之，平全如故。母後一時至於河上，子隨其後。母嗔曰：此何鬼物，燒煑不死？乃擲子河中。值一大魚，尋便吞食，以福德故，而復不死。有釣者得魚，持來市賣之。<span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>父買魚持歸，以刀開魚，乃見其子，抱而出之。五難不死，注文見之，皆不能害。出家無病第一。年八十出家，由宿業故也，臈八十，百六十歲，不患小疾也。【女人】剩女字，此尊者不與人説一句法。無言寂默，王爲無益於世，但施壹錢。【帝嚳】下音酷，<span class="zhuanming">高辛氏</span>。【姜原】下音元，<span class="zhuanming">嚳</span>元妃也。【深山】悮。<span class="shuming">生民</span>詩云：置之平林也。【寒冰】有云水者，悮。【陋巷】應云隘巷。隘，狹也。</span> <span>黑風飄而獲濟，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有商人入海，遇黑風飄入<span class="zhuanming">羅刹鬼國</span>，俱念佛而皆獲免也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3868" id="3850">〔一○〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【獲濟】得渡也。</span> <span>富羅正而長謝<a class="zhuhao" href="#3869" id="3851">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有比丘見輪王威勢，愛之，晝夜精勤求之，佛恐不得解脱，欲謝其千輪之福，乃爲一正富羅。富羅，矩靴。輪王業謝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【長謝】永滅也。【矩靴】上是短字。【富羅】昔有比丘應得羅漢，有輪王業障不能漏盡，佛欲除其障，即爲比丘一整，輪王福滅，即得無箸。</span> <span>桑穀匪<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>宗之禍<a class="zhuhao" href="#3870" id="3852">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">殷</span><span class="zhuanming">太戊</span>以<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>子<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>爲相，桑穀共生於朝，一旦<a class="zhuhao" href="#3871" id="3853">〔一三〕</a>大拱，懼而修德，桑穀死。三年，重譯而至者十六國，乃稱<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3872" id="3854">〔一四〕</a>。隨函：【桑穀】桑穀者，野木也。不合生於朝，意者亡其國乎？<span class="zhuanming">太武</span>恐駭，側身修行，思先王之政，明養民之道。三年之後，遠方慕義，重譯者十有六國。楮木者可造紙，二木皆野生。既生於朝，詳可知也。【太戊】<span class="zhuanming">小甲</span>少子，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00635','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P635</span></i><span class="zhuanming">和已</span>之弟。【拱】居竦切，手抱也。</span> <span>熒惑退<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>都之災<a class="zhuhao" href="#3873" id="3855">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">火星見<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之分野，<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>懼而修德，火星乃退三舍也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【熒惑者】火星也。<span class="zhuanming">宋景公</span>時，熒惑守心，公召<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>爲問焉。<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：禍當君，可移於相。公曰：相所治國家也。曰：可移於百姓。公曰：百姓死，寡人將何爲君？曰：可移於歲。飢，百姓死，我何君哉？<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：君有至德之言三，天必三熒君，是夜熒惑退三舍矣。【三舍】三十里爲舍。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">文王</span>錫<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>三齡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">齡，壽也。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>夢上帝之九齡，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>賜之三齡，故至九十三也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3874" id="3856">〔一六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【錫】賜也。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>有疾，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>不脱冠帶而養。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>一飯，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>一飯；<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>再飯等，旬二日乃瘳。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>：汝何夢矣？<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：夢帝與我九齡。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：汝意如何也？<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：西方九國焉，君王其終撫諸？<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：非也。古者謂齡曰年，我百汝九十，吾與三焉也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦穆</span>赦<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>再死<a class="zhuhao" href="#3875" id="3857">〔一七〕</a>。蓋運命之不定也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>將<span class="zhuanming">孟盟</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，兩度過<span class="zhuanming">河</span>，不利，<span class="zhuanming">秦穆</span>赦之。後焚舟而往<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>不出，乃雪前恥而歸。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孟明】<span class="zhuanming">百里奚</span>子曰<span class="zhuanming">視</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>。【雪】拭除也。</span> <span>摭兹理例<a class="zhuhao" href="#3876" id="3858">〔一八〕</a>，考之人事，豈云無業哉？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆業理分明之事。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3841" id="3859">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「罰弗及嗣，賞延于世；宥過無大，刑故無小；罪疑惟輕，功疑惟重。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3842" id="3860">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">説一切有部俱舍論</span>卷二三：「如團鐵小亦沈水，爲鉢鐵大亦能浮。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3843" id="3861">〔三〕</a>三業：指身業﹑口業﹑意業。　三時：指過去﹑現在﹑未來三時。又作三世。　合離：聚合與分離。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3844" id="3862">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>時代<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span>國王，佛教最初的護持者。據<span class="shuming">頻婆娑羅王詣佛供養經</span>中記載，<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>誓願終生護持佛教，盡形壽供養<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>及諸比丘。後來，因太子<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>篡奪王位而卒於<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00636','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P636</span></i>獄中。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3845" id="3863">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>國王，<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>之子。又稱「<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦王</span>」等。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">劫比羅伐窣堵國</span>：「大城西北，有數百千窣堵波，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種誅死處也。<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦王</span>既克諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>，虜其族類，得九千九百九十萬人，並從殺戮。積尸如莽，流血成池。天警人心，收骸瘞葬。誅<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>西南，有四小窣堵波，四<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種拒軍處。初，<span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>嗣位也，求婚<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種。<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種鄙其非類，謬以家人之女，重禮娉焉。<span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>立爲正后，其産子男是爲<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦</span>欲就舅氏請益受業，至此城南，見新講堂，即中憩駕。諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>聞之，逐而詈曰：『卑賤婢子，敢居此室！此室諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>建也，擬佛居焉。』<span class="zhuanming">毗盧擇迦</span>嗣位之後，追復先辱，便興甲兵，至此屯軍。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3846" id="3864">〔六〕</a>昏墊：陷溺。指困於水災。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「洪水滔天，浩浩懷山襄陵，下民昏墊。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「言天下之人遭此大水，精神昏瞀迷惑，無有所知。又若沉溺，皆困此水災也。<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>云：『昏，没也；墊，陷也。<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>言洪水之時，人有没陷之害。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3847" id="3865">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">主術訓</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>之時，七年旱，以身禱於<span class="zhuanming">桑林</span>之際。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3848" id="3866">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">達生</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">田開之</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>有<span class="zhuanming">單豹</span>者，巖居而水飲，不與民共利，行年七十而猶有嬰兒之色。不幸遇餓虎，餓虎殺而食之。有<span class="zhuanming">張毅</span>者，高門縣薄，無不走也，行年四十而有内熱之病以死。<span class="zhuanming">豹</span>養其内而虎食其外，<span class="zhuanming">毅</span>養其外而病攻其内，此二子者，皆不鞭其後者也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3849" id="3867">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">薄拘羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">薄羅婆拘羅</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">善容</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">偉形</span>。因相貌端正﹑身材偉岸而名。修行八十年未曾有病，從未服過一粒藥，「長壽第一」。<span class="shuming">中阿含經</span>卷八<span class="shuming">未曾有法品</span><span class="shuming">薄拘羅經</span>：「尊者<span class="zhuanming">薄拘羅</span>作是<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00637','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P637</span></i>説：諸賢，我於此正法律中學道以來八十年，未曾有病，乃至彈指頃頭痛者。未曾憶服藥，乃至一片訶梨勒。」　<span class="zhuanming">周后稷</span>：<span class="zhuanming">周</span>始祖，嬰幼時屢次被棄，善於種植各種農作物。事參<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">生民</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3850" id="3868">〔一○〕</a>念佛：佛教的一種修行方法。攝萬念於一念，思慮集中在佛的形相和功德或念誦佛的名號上。事見<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>譯<span class="shuming">撰集百緣經</span>卷九<span class="shuming">聲聞品</span>「海生商主緣」：「佛在<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">祇樹給孤獨園</span>。時彼城中，有五百賈客，欲入大海，採取珍寶。時彼商主，選擇族望，娉以爲婦，將共入海。足滿十月，産一男兒，因爲立字，名曰<span class="zhuanming">海生</span>，有大福德。令諸商客，獲大珍寶，安隱迴還。咸共唱言：『安隱<span class="zhuanming">海生</span>。』年漸長大，重復勸勉。更入大海，獲其珍寶，進引還來。值大黑風，吹其船舫飄墮<span class="zhuanming">羅刹鬼國</span>，迴波黑風。時諸商人，各各跪拜諸天善神，無一感應救彼厄難。中有優婆塞，語商人言：『有佛<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，常以大悲，晝夜六時，觀察衆生，護受苦厄，輒往度之。汝等咸當稱彼佛名，或能來此救我等命。』時諸商人，各共同時，稱南無佛陀。爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，遥見商客極遇厄難，即放光明，照耀黑風。風尋消滅，皆得解脱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3851" id="3869">〔一一〕</a>富羅：又曰福羅﹑布羅，意譯短靴。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷五八：「福羅，正言布羅，此譯云短靿靴，靿音烏豹反。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3852" id="3870">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">咸有一德</span>附<span class="shuming">亡書序</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>相<span class="zhuanming">大戊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">亳</span>有祥，桑穀共生于朝。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「桑穀二木，共生於朝。朝非生木之處，是爲不善之徵。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3853" id="3871">〔一三〕</a>旦：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「且」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3854" id="3872">〔一四〕</a>大拱：形容粗大。拱，兩手合圍。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">殷本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">帝雍己</span>崩，弟<span class="zhuanming">太戊</span>立，是爲<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>立<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>爲相。<span class="zhuanming">亳</span>有祥桑穀共生於朝，一暮大拱。<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>懼，問<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>。<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>曰：『臣聞妖不勝德，帝之政<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00638','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P638</span></i>其有闕與？帝其修德。』<span class="zhuanming">太戊</span>從之，而祥桑枯死而去。<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>贊言于<span class="zhuanming">巫咸</span>。<span class="zhuanming">巫咸</span>治王家有成，作<span class="shuming">咸艾</span>，作<span class="shuming">太戊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">帝太戊</span>贊<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>于廟，言弗臣，<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>讓，作<span class="shuming">原命</span>。<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>復興，諸侯歸之，故稱<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3855" id="3873">〔一五〕</a>熒惑：指火星。因隱現不定，令人迷惑，故名。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">宋微子世家</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>）三十七年，<span class="zhuanming">楚惠王</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，熒惑守心。心，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之分野也。<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>憂之。司星<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：『可移於相。』<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>曰：『相，吾之股肱。』曰：『可移於民。』<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>曰：『君者待民。』曰：『可移於歲。』<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>曰：『歲饑民困，吾誰爲君！』<span class="zhuanming">子韋</span>曰：『天高聽卑。君有君人之言三，熒惑宜有動。』於是候之，果徙三度。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3856" id="3874">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">文王世子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>有疾，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>不説，冠帶而養。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>一飯，亦一飯。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>再飯，亦再飯。旬有二日乃間。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：『女何夢矣？』<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>對曰：『夢帝與我九齡。』<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：『女以爲何也？』<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>曰：『西方有九國焉。君王其終撫諸？』<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>曰：『非也。古者謂年齡，齒亦齡也。我百，爾九十。吾與爾三焉。』<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>九十七乃終，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>九十三而終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3857" id="3875">〔一七〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公三十三</span>﹑<span class="shuming">文公三年</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">魯僖公</span>三十三年四月，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">殽</span>之戰，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>虜<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>，後放歸。「<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>稽首曰：『君之惠，不以累臣釁鼓，使歸就戮于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，寡君之以爲戮，死且不朽。若從君惠而免之，三年將拜君賜。』<span class="zhuanming">秦伯</span>素服郊次，鄉師而哭，曰：『孤違<span class="zhuanming">蹇叔</span>，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。』不替<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>，曰：『孤之過也，大夫何罪？且吾不以一眚掩大德。』」及<span class="zhuanming">魯文公</span>三年五月，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，「濟<span class="zhuanming">河</span>焚舟，取王宫及郊，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人不出，遂至<span class="zhuanming">茅津</span>濟，封<span class="zhuanming">殽</span>尸而還。」遂霸<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>，用<span class="zhuanming">孟明</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3858" id="3876">〔一八〕</a>摭：摭拾，摘取。　理例：常規，成例。</span> </p><p> <span>其有恃重玄者，以爲雁序羽，羔跪乳，烏黝﹑鷴白，棘尖﹑鹺方，蘭馨﹑蕕臭，彼則<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00639','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P639</span></i>自然之數也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3883" id="3877">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆外道所計自然義故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重玄】<span class="shuming">道經</span>云「玄之又玄」等。【羔跪乳】羊子也，屈足而哺羔曰跪乳。【黝】於糾切，黑也。【鷴】音閑，白鷴也。似雉，尾長四五尺。【鹺方】上在何切。<span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：鹽曰鹺。青鹽﹑井鹽，可有方者。【蘭馨】上香草，蘭香也。<span class="shuming">荆州記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">都梁縣</span>有山，山下有水清淺，其中生草，因名<span class="zhuanming">都梁</span>香也。【蕕臭】上音由，臭草也。臭，惡氣也。</span> <span>豈由業乎？重空人撫衽告之曰：不然也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重空人】上平呼，空之又空，故曰重空。或云法空﹑人空，故曰重空人。【撫衽】上安也，侍也。衽，而甚切，裳衣襟也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>云自然者，其道也。至道與萬物同體，故曰「萬物自然」，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬物與至道不即離。</span> <span>即曰「一陰一陽之謂道」，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道者寂然無體也。神無方而易無體，在陰以生，在陽以成，故曰「一陰一陽之謂」也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云「在瓦礫」﹑「在稊稗」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3884" id="3878">〔二〕</a>，非謂萬物無因緣之義也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觸目皆道故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【礫】音歷，小石也。【稊稗】上音啼。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：枯楊生稊。楊枝秀曰稊。或茅字，草也；下旁卦切，稗草似穀也。</span> <span>夫禀性命者，以業運爲因緣；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有情者，皆憑宿業熏習爲因緣也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3885" id="3879">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>處外物者，以氣數爲因緣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無情者，憑根種爲因，陰陽氣數爲緣也。</span> <span>故羔雁徵之於業習，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雁序羔跪，皆由業習也。</span> <span>鹺棘求之於水土。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">假水土爲增上緣也。</span> <span>烏反哺﹑梟反噬，蓋前生之行，逆順之餘習也。橘榮南而枳蕃北，蓋隨風土之所變也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3886" id="3880">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">江南</span>種之成橘，<span class="zhuanming">江北</span>種之成枳也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【橘】居聿切，果名。<span class="shuming">圖經</span>云：生<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">湖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">江</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">浙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">襄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">嶺</span>皆有之。木高一二丈，葉枳無辯，别出莖間。初夏生白花，六月七月而成實，至冬而黄熟可噉。今<span class="zhuanming">懷州</span><span class="zhuanming">河南</span>亦有，但氣味稍短耳。【枳蕃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00640','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P640</span></i>北】上音帋。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>云：橘踰<span class="zhuanming">淮北</span>而爲枳。今爲真橘者是。中音煩，茂也，滋也。此謂<span class="zhuanming">淮北</span>也。</span> <span>夫水潤下，火炎上，金從革，木曲直，土爰稼穡。水鹹﹑火苦﹑金辛﹑木酸﹑土甘，因五氣成五質，播爲五味，凝爲五色，流五音<a class="zhuhao" href="#3887" id="3881">〔五〕</a>。然後錯而雜之，剛柔强微，所禀有異，萬象生焉，何異因緣之義乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上皆<span class="shuming">洪範</span>文義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3888" id="3882">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【因五氣】因五方正氣。【成五質】化成金木水火土之形質。【播爲五味】上揚也，布也，作也，施也。辛酸鹹苦甘是五味也。【凝爲五色】上結成也。青黄等也。【流爲五音】上漢布也。宫商等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3877" id="3883">〔一〕</a>重玄：自然。語本<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「玄之又玄，衆妙之門。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四七<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">漢高祖功臣頌</span>：「重玄匪奥，九地匪沈。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「重玄，天也。」　雁序羽：大雁有次序地飛行。　羔跪乳：羊羔跪着接受母乳。<span class="shuming">公羊傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公二十四年</span>「暇脩云乎」<span class="zhuanming">何休</span>注：「凡贄，天子用鬯，諸侯用玉，卿用羔，大夫用雁，士用雉。雉取其耿介；雁取其在人上，有先後行列；羔取其執之不鳴，殺之不號，乳必跪而受之，類死義知禮者也。」　黝：黑。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>：「黑謂之黝。」　鷴：指白鷳，又稱銀雉，雄鳥上體及兩翼爲白色，雌鳥全身爲棕緑色。　鹺：鹽。　馨：香。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷七上：「馨，香之遠聞者也。」　蕕：一種有臭味的草。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公四年</span>：「一薰一蕕，十年尚猶有臭。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「薰，香草；蕕，臭草。十年有臭，言善易消，惡難除。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3878" id="3884">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">東郭子</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『所謂道，惡乎在？』<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『無所不在。』<span class="zhuanming">東郭子</span>曰：『期而後可。』<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『在螻蟻。』曰：『何其下邪？』曰：『在稊稗。』曰：『何其愈下邪？』曰：『在瓦<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00641','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P641</span></i>甓。』曰：『何其愈甚邪？』曰：『在屎溺。』<span class="zhuanming">東郭子</span>不應。<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『夫子之問也，固不及質。正獲之問於監市履狶也，每下愈況。汝唯莫必，無乎逃物。至道若是，大言亦然。周徧咸三者，異名同實，其指一也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3879" id="3885">〔三〕</a>熏習：薰陶染習。<span class="shuming">大乘止觀法門</span>卷二：「隨對者，即喻浄心體具一切法性，故能受一切熏習，隨其熏别，現報不同也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3880" id="3886">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">晏子春秋</span><span class="shuming">内篇雜下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">嬰</span>聞之，橘生<span class="zhuanming">淮南</span>則爲橘，生於<span class="zhuanming">淮北</span>則爲枳，葉徒相似，其實味不同。所以然者何？水土異也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3881" id="3887">〔五〕</a>流五音：疑脱一「爲」字，當作「流爲五音」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3882" id="3888">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">洪範</span>：「五行：一曰水，二曰火，三曰木，四曰金，五曰土。水曰潤下，火曰炎上，木曰曲直，金曰從革，土爰稼穡。潤下作鹹，炎上作苦，曲直作酸，從革作辛，稼穡作甘。」</span> </p><p> <span>若又責以造化之本，陰陽何施？而孕育繁委<a class="zhuhao" href="#3896" id="3889">〔一〕</a>，使玄黄異視，宫徵<a class="zhuhao" href="#3897" id="3890">〔二〕</a>分聽者，則其酷矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若一一窮究，則其品類繁酷矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【責】求也，問也。【酷】甚也。</span> <span>夫萬物始於太極<a class="zhuhao" href="#3898" id="3891">〔三〕</a>，無因緣相構，觸類成象，不生而生，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬物本不生，緣會而生。</span> <span>生於不生。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道本無生，萬物憑之而生。</span> <span>陰陽無心，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">造之非我，理自玄應，故曰無心。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陰陽無心】任運而心也。</span> <span>天地無功，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">老子</span>云：「天地不仁，以萬物爲芻狗。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天地無功】覆載不可求其備。</span> <span>聖人不宰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故云「絶聖棄智，大盜乃止。擲玉毁珠，小盜不起」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3899" id="3892">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聖人不宰】遇物而導，不專必也，故曰爲而不宰。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00642','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P642</span></i>【擲】投棄也。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云「摘玉毁珠」。</span> <span>今古莫知夢幻之理，於焉得矣。故<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>云：「無名天地之始，有名萬物之母。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無名者，妙道之本，權輿天地也。有名者，滋生萬物，故名曰母也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【於焉】上音烏，歎聲也。於虔切，何也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云：「大塊噫氣，其名爲風。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3900" id="3893">〔五〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文如海</span>云：「大塊，自然也。噫，吐氣貌也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3901" id="3894">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大塊】天也。【文如海】<span class="zhuanming">唐初</span>道士也。</span> <span>由是象帝之先，不可得而有始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3902" id="3895">〔七〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3889" id="3896">〔一〕</a>繁委：繁複瑣碎。<span class="zhuanming">柳宗元</span><span class="shuming">寄許京兆孟容書</span>：「書辭繁委，無以自道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3890" id="3897">〔二〕</a>徵：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「微」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3891" id="3898">〔三〕</a>太極：宇宙最原始的混沌之氣。太極運動而分化出陰陽，由陰陽而産生四時變化，繼而出現各種自然現象，是宇宙萬物之原。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「易有太極，是生兩儀，兩儀生四象，四象生八卦。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「太極謂天地未分之前，元氣混而爲一，即是太初﹑太一也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3892" id="3899">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3893" id="3900">〔五〕</a>出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3894" id="3901">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">文如海</span>注<span class="shuming">莊子</span>，據<span class="shuming">宋史</span>卷二○五<span class="shuming">藝文四</span>，「<span class="zhuanming">文如海</span><span class="shuming">莊子正義</span>十卷，又<span class="shuming">莊子邈</span>一卷」。又<span class="shuming">郡齋讀書志</span>卷一一：「<span class="zhuanming">文如海</span><span class="shuming">莊子疏</span>十卷，右<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">文如海</span>撰。<span class="zhuanming">如海</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明皇</span>時道士也。以<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注放乎自然而絶學習，失<span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>之旨，因再爲之解。凡九萬餘言。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3895" id="3902">〔七〕</a>象帝：指天帝。語本<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「吾不知誰之子，象帝之先。」<span class="zhuanming">河上公</span>注：「道自在天帝之前。此言道乃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00643','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P643</span></i>先天地生也。」<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>注：「不亦似帝之先乎！帝，天帝也。」</span> </p><p> <span>若又責以外物觸氣流形，内命亦何業之由者？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">外云如因無情，擊觸内命而起愛憎，豈是業耶？</span> <span>誠不足類也。夫外物無心，無心則業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3914" id="3903">〔一〕</a>；内命懷情，懷情則業起<a class="zhuhao" href="#3915" id="3904">〔二〕</a>。故飄瓦之與投瓦，俱及於人，則有怒不怒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3916" id="3905">〔三〕</a>。何斯之無别乎！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">劉子</span>云：飄瓦擊人，虚舟觸己，雖有忮心而不怒者，以彼無情於擊觸也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3917" id="3906">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【劉子】一十卷，<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>撰，見<span class="shuming">唐志</span>。</span> <span>或曰：「善惡之業，報施必臻<a class="zhuhao" href="#3918" id="3907">〔五〕</a>。故<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：『積善之家，必有餘慶。積不善之家，必有餘殃。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#3919" id="3908">〔六〕</a>何<span class="zhuanming">瞽</span>生<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>生<span class="zhuanming">均</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鮌</span>生<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>耶？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瞽</span>之頑而生<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>聖，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之聖而生<span class="zhuanming">均</span>不肖，<span class="zhuanming">鮌</span>之兇而生<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>聖，此義何在？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瞽】<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>父也。【均】<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>子也。【鮌】<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>父也。</span> <span>對曰：「聖人舉天理而立教，語其多而不語其少也，語其順而不語其違也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人舉慶善殃惡者，乃天地常理也。又言之則順，不可言善招惡，豈導物乎？</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>洎<span class="zhuanming">王季</span>，克生聖嗣，至于<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，大造于<span class="zhuanming">周</span>邦<a class="zhuhao" href="#3920" id="3909">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>自<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>播種，德及黎民。<span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>世守其官，<span class="zhuanming">不窋</span>遷<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>。至<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>生聖子，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>生<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>而得天下，三十七帝八百餘年，皆積善流慶之道故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大造】至也。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>能變國爲天下，故曰大造。【黎】衆也。【不窋】知律切，<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>之長子也。【八百餘年】西東二<span class="zhuanming">周</span>三十七主，都八百六十七年。有本入百者，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>洎<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>，克邁仁德，至<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>光定文教<a class="zhuhao" href="#3921" id="3910">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">湯</span>之後<span class="zhuanming">微子啓</span>封<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>讓位<span class="zhuanming">厲公</span>，因賜<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>姓。至<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>三命<a class="zhuhao" href="#3922" id="3911">〔九〕</a>，益恭，世修仁德。至<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>藴聖多能，光顯文教者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【正考父】下音甫。【公因賜孔氏】注非。</span> <span>是以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00644','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P644</span></i>考曆象﹑授人時者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3923" id="3912">〔一○〕</a>，貞其所次，式恒其紀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貞，正。式，用也。曆象，日月五星爲七政也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曆】<span class="shuming">律曆志</span>云<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>造，<span class="shuming">世本</span>曰<span class="zhuanming">容成</span>造，<span class="shuming">解</span>曰<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>造。次，曆，次數也。</span> <span>其或俶擾錯亂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3924" id="3913">〔一一〕</a>，變化爲凶，祉誠則災異也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俶擾】上丑六切，始也，作動也；下而沼切，順也，煩也。【祉】音恥，福也，禄也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3903" id="3914">〔一〕</a>無心則業：據文意，「業」後當補一「滅」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3904" id="3915">〔二〕</a>懷情：猶含情。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3905" id="3916">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">達生</span>：「雖有忮心者不怨飄瓦。」<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">山木</span>：「方舟而濟於河，有虚船來觸舟，雖有惼心之人不怒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3906" id="3917">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">劉子</span>卷一<span class="shuming">去情</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3907" id="3918">〔五〕</a>臻：到，來到。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一二上：「臻，至也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3908" id="3919">〔六〕</a>出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">坤</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3909" id="3920">〔七〕</a>大造：大功勞。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">文公</span>恐懼，綏静諸侯，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>師克還無害，則是我有大造于西也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3910" id="3921">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>：<span class="zhuanming">宋緡公</span>長子，讓位於弟<span class="zhuanming">鮒祀</span>（<span class="zhuanming">宋厲公</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">厲公</span>封<span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>爲上卿，受采邑於<span class="zhuanming">栗</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">商丘市</span><span class="zhuanming">夏邑縣</span>），是<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>的直系祖先：<span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>生<span class="zhuanming">宋父周</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋父周</span>生<span class="zhuanming">世子勝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">世子勝</span>生<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>，<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>生<span class="zhuanming">孔父嘉</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔父嘉</span>之曾孫<span class="zhuanming">孔防叔</span>避亂於<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>。<span class="zhuanming">防叔</span>生<span class="zhuanming">伯夏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伯夏</span>生<span class="zhuanming">叔梁紇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">叔梁紇</span>生<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3911" id="3922">〔九〕</a>三命：<span class="zhuanming">周代</span>分官爵爲九等，稱九命。三命爲卿。命：爵命。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">大略</span>：「一命齒於鄉，再命齒於<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00645','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P645</span></i>族，三命，族人雖七十，不敢先。」<span class="zhuanming">楊倞</span>注：「一命，公侯之士也；再命，大夫；三命，卿也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3912" id="3923">〔一○〕</a>人時：指有關農事的時令節氣，這裏指曆法。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">堯典</span>：「乃命<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>，欽若昊天，厤象日月星辰，敬授人時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3913" id="3924">〔一一〕</a>俶擾：開始擾亂。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">胤征</span>：「惟時<span class="zhuanming">羲</span><span class="zhuanming">和</span>，顛覆厥德。沈亂于酒，畔官離次。俶擾天紀，遐棄厥司。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「俶，始；擾，亂。」</span> </p><p> <span>若又或以聲不代響，形不貿影，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貿，易也。形不能代易於影。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聲不代響】聲之大小，不相影響。</span> <span>安有祖考施而子孫當其報者？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自作自受，各不相均。</span> <span>則義可得詳焉。夫善惡以類相資而不相代<a class="zhuhao" href="#3929" id="3925">〔一〕</a>，故先人以福施，後世以福繼之，非無福者，而爲其子孫矣；先人以禍施，後世以禍繼之，非無禍者，而爲其子孫矣。故龍與雲合，虎與風合。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">龍吟則雲起，虎嘯則風生。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">銅山</span>崩而景鍾震，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>殿鍾震，<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">銅山</span>崩，以<a class="zhuhao" href="#3930" id="3926">〔二〕</a>類相應也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【景】大也。</span> <span>葭灰消而月暈缺<a class="zhuhao" href="#3931" id="3927">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">淮南子</span>云：「隨灰而月暈缺。」注云：以取蘆灰環月，缺其一面，則月暈亦闕。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【葭】音加，葦未秀也。以灰能却災祥。【暈】音運，日月傍氣。</span> <span>蓋應會之數矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3932" id="3928">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以類相感故也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3925" id="3929">〔一〕</a>相資：相互依賴。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3926" id="3930">〔二〕</a>以：底本較模糊，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作「似」，誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3927" id="3931">〔三〕</a>月暈：月亮周圍的光圈，俗稱風圈，常被認爲是天氣變化起風的徵兆。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">覽冥訓</span>：「晝隨灰而月運闕。」<span class="zhuanming">許慎</span>注：「以蘆草灰隨牖下月光中令圜畫，缺其一面，則月運亦缺於上也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00646','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P646</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3928" id="3932">〔四〕</a>應會：適應時機。</span> </p><p> <span>常俚以殘淫勷寇，傷生破産，方謂身之罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">常俚，鄙俗也。勷寇，盜劫也。則淫﹑盜﹑殺皆身業行也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勷寇】上汝陽切，盜也。</span> <span>訾言勃詐<a class="zhuhao" href="#3939" id="3933">〔一〕</a>，凌犯君親，方謂口之罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">語業<a class="zhuhao" href="#3940" id="3934">〔二〕</a>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勃】卒暴也。</span> <span>機慮無法<a class="zhuhao" href="#3941" id="3935">〔三〕</a>，潛毒懷虐，方謂心之罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">意業也。</span> <span>曾不知有百行乖儀<a class="zhuhao" href="#3942" id="3936">〔四〕</a>，五常失守，處俗於忠孝不至，出家於慈悲不厚，釁生於微<a class="zhuhao" href="#3943" id="3937">〔五〕</a>，積而成形，則爲罪矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">水滴雖微，漸盈大器<a class="zhuhao" href="#3944" id="3938">〔六〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3933" id="3939">〔一〕</a>訾言：誹謗。　勃：興起。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3934" id="3940">〔二〕</a>業：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「集」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3935" id="3941">〔三〕</a>機慮：猶思慮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3936" id="3942">〔四〕</a>百行：各種品行。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">氓</span>：「士之耽兮，猶可説也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「士有百行，可以功過相除。」　乖：背離，違背。<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>：「乖，背也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3937" id="3943">〔五〕</a>釁：過失，罪過。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3938" id="3944">〔六〕</a>見<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">維祇難</span>等譯<span class="shuming">法句經</span>卷上：「莫輕小惡，以爲無殃，水渧雖微，漸盈大器，凡罪充滿，從小積成。莫輕小善，以爲無福，水滴雖微，漸盈大器，凡福充滿，從纖纖積。」</span> </p><p> <span>常俚以徇物捐軀，蹲膜擎跽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3948" id="3945">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蹲膜，禮拜。擎，合掌。跪，胡坐也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【侚物】辭閏切，以身從物。徇字非用。【蹲膜】上音存，跪坐也；音模，禮拜也。【擎跽】下渠委切。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>擎跪曲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00647','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P647</span></i>拳，人臣之禮也。上舉也，下長跪也。</span> <span>方謂身之福也。誦言講法，悦人進己，方謂口之福也。愛惡絶向，忌尅不入<a class="zhuhao" href="#3949" id="3946">〔二〕</a>，方謂心之福也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忌尅】上憎惡也，下殺急也。</span> <span>曾不知手足之所措，詞論之所及，念慮之所經，興意介益，孚于惠心，省罪引慝<a class="zhuhao" href="#3950" id="3947">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂懺悔也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介】助也，佑也。【省罪】察也；過也。【慝】惟惡也。</span> <span>則謂福矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3945" id="3948">〔一〕</a>徇物：追求身外之物。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷二<span class="shuming">貴生</span>：「今世俗之君子，危身棄生以徇物。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「徇，猶隨也。」　擎跽：拱手跪拜。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷七五<span class="shuming">隱逸傳上</span><span class="shuming">顧歡</span>：「擎跽磬折，侯甸之恭；狐蹲狗踞，荒流之肅。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3946" id="3949">〔二〕</a>忌剋：亦作「忌克」（按：「剋」爲「克」的後起字），猶忌恨。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3947" id="3950">〔三〕</a>孚：相信，信任。　引慝：承認罪過。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「帝初于<span class="zhuanming">歷山</span>，往于田，日號泣于旻天，于父母，負罪引慝。」</span> </p><p> <span>故五穀不易其種，百行不反其報。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>仁而餓死，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span><span class="zhuanming">孤竹君</span>之二子。父死讓位歸<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，叩馬首而諫，不從，乃隱<span class="zhuanming">首山</span>之陽，不食<span class="zhuanming">周</span>粟，以至餓卒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3955" id="3951">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遼東孤竹】<span class="shuming">地理志</span>云<span class="zhuanming">遼西</span><span class="zhuanming">令支</span>有<span class="zhuanming">孤竹城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span>曰：古<span class="zhuanming">伯夷國</span>也。【伐紂】我悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">尾生</span>信而溺死<a class="zhuhao" href="#3956" id="3952">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">尾生</span>與女子約于橋下，未至而水爆漲，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>恐失信，不移而至溺死也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">伍胥</span>忠而伏劒死，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伍員</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>，相<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，諫<span class="zhuanming">夫差</span>不納<span class="zhuanming">西施</span>，王不聽，乃伏劒死。<span class="zhuanming">越</span>竟收<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3957" id="3953">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伍胥忠而伏劒】<span class="shuming">國史</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">越</span>破<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">闔閭王</span>被傷，囑其子<span class="zhuanming">夫差</span>必無忘<span class="zhuanming">越</span>。<span class="zhuanming">夫差</span>立，大敗<span class="zhuanming">越王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>師圍於<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>，糧路俱絶，<span class="zhuanming">越王</span>欲决戰死。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00648','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P648</span></i><span class="zhuanming">蘇</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>太宰<span class="zhuanming">嚭</span>貪，可誘也。於是<span class="zhuanming">越</span>選美女寶玉獻於<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>，厚贈太宰，使赦<span class="zhuanming">越</span>罪，王許之。<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>諫曰：天賜<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>也。若赦<span class="zhuanming">越</span>，後必大悔。<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>不聽，赦<span class="zhuanming">越</span>而去。後<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>諫曰：臣聞<span class="zhuanming">越</span>免<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>之難，衣不加美，食不加味，撫民士欲有事于<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>。<span class="zhuanming">勾踐</span>不死，必爲國患矣。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之有<span class="zhuanming">越</span>，爲心腹之疾。<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>由耳。王不聽，伐<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，尅而還，以讓<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子胥</span>曰：未可也，難猶在<span class="zhuanming">越</span>。王惡其言，乃賜劒，令自刎矣。事與<span class="shuming">屈節解</span>異，又<span class="shuming">左傳</span>不繁。</span> <span>以爲外事無必，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">必，專也，定也。</span> <span>斯實滯名害德，失乎中庸之道<a class="zhuhao" href="#3958" id="3954">〔四〕</a>，非謂以善召禍也。昔大士坐道樹，戰天魔，業之然也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>於菩提樹下成道，破四魔。所謂天魔﹑藴魔﹑煩惱魔﹑死魔。</span> <span>處巖穴，灑足血，業之然也；造<span class="zhuanming">濱州</span>，食馬麥，業之然也。故語今報則善酬，往業豈滅？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濱州】上音賓，水際也。<span class="zhuanming">毗羅然國</span>在<span class="zhuanming">西天竺</span>，近西海，故曰<span class="zhuanming">濱州</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3951" id="3955">〔一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伯夷列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3952" id="3956">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">盜跖</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">尾生</span>與女子期於梁下，女子不來，水至不去，抱梁柱而死。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3953" id="3957">〔三〕</a>參<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伍子胥列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3954" id="3958">〔四〕</a>中庸：不偏不倚，無過無不及。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">雍也</span>：「中庸之爲德也，其至矣乎！民鮮久矣。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「庸，常也，中和可常行之道。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>喪其子而喪其明。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自睛也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>弔之，曰：『吾聞朋友喪其明則哭之。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>哭，<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>亦哭，曰：『天乎！余之無罪。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>怒，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>，爾何爲無罪也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">商</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>名。</span> <span>吾與爾事夫子於<span class="zhuanming">洙</span><span class="zhuanming">泗</span>之閒，退而老於<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之上，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">華陰</span>之地也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洙<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00649','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P649</span></i>泗】上音殊，下音四，二水名，在<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>。</span> <span>使<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之人，疑爾爲夫子，爾罪一也；喪爾親，使民未有聞，爾罪二也；喪爾子，喪爾明，爾罪三也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一不稱師，二於親恩薄，三於子厚，是罪也。</span> <span>而曰何自謂無罪歟？』」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3962" id="3959">〔一〕</a>夫如<span class="zhuanming">曾氏</span>，始謂見天地之心，知禍福之萌矣。<span class="zhuanming">石駘仲</span>卒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>之後。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【駘】音臺。【碏】音鵲。</span> <span>無嫡子，有庶子六人，卜所以爲後者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">吉者從之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嫡】音的，正妻子曰嫡。【庶】妾子曰庶。</span> <span>沐浴佩玉則兆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">齊潔求吉兆也。</span> <span>五人沐浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>曰：「孰有執親之喪而沐浴佩玉者乎？」不沐浴佩玉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">心正且知禮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>兆，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人以龜爲有知也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3963" id="3960">〔二〕</a>。是知業理冥奥<a class="zhuhao" href="#3964" id="3961">〔三〕</a>，儒辨此世，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>通三世，一張一弛，範圍天下，備矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【張弛】<span class="zhuanming">傅武仲</span><span class="shuming">舞賦</span>曰：「張弛之度，聖哲所弛。」注云：「弛，廢也；張，用也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3959" id="3962">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>喪其子而喪其明，<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>吊之，曰：『吾聞之也，朋友喪明則哭之。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>哭，<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>亦哭，曰：『天乎！予之無罪也！』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>怒，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>，女何無罪也？吾與女事夫子于<span class="zhuanming">洙</span><span class="zhuanming">泗</span>之間，退而老於<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之上，使<span class="zhuanming">西河</span>之民，疑女于夫子，爾罪一也。喪爾親，使民未有聞焉，爾罪二也。喪爾子，喪爾明，爾罪三也。而曰「女何無罪與」？』<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>投其杖而拜，曰：『吾過矣！吾過矣！吾離群而索居，亦已久矣！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3960" id="3963">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">石駘仲</span>卒，無適子，有庶子六人，卜所以爲後者。曰：『沐浴佩玉則兆。』五人者皆沐<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00650','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P650</span></i>浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>曰：『孰有執親之喪，而沐浴佩玉者乎？』不沐浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>兆，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人以龜爲有知也。」<span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷二四<span class="shuming">卜筮</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">衛石駘</span>卒，無適子，有庶子六人，卜所以爲後者，曰：『沐浴佩玉則兆。』五人皆沐浴佩玉。<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>曰：『焉有執親之喪而沐浴佩玉？』不沐浴佩玉，<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>兆。<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人卜，以龜爲有知也。龜非有知，<span class="zhuanming">石祁子</span>自知也。<span class="zhuanming">祁子</span>行善政，有嘉言，言嘉政善，故有明瑞。使時不卜，謀之於衆，亦猶稱善。何則？人心神意同吉凶也。此言若然，然非卜筮之實也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3961" id="3964">〔三〕</a>冥奥：幽深。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一一<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">遊天台山賦</span>：「豈不以所立冥奥，其路幽迥。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「冥奥者，冥冥深奥也。」</span> </p><p> <span>而經亦云誤殺誤報<a class="zhuhao" href="#3973" id="3965">〔一〕</a>。嘗有山閒比丘，誤蹈一蟻。蟻死爲野豕，觸石而崩，比丘亦誤死於是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3974" id="3966">〔二〕</a>。而世有色雖仁而行違<a class="zhuhao" href="#3975" id="3967">〔三〕</a>，言雖澤而心詖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">詖，險也。所謂色厲而内荏，言僞而辯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詖】音賁，譣詖也；又，佞也。</span> <span>衒聲名，冒禄利<a class="zhuhao" href="#3976" id="3968">〔四〕</a>，知善且蔽，忌惡而黨，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【冒】涉也。【蔽】掩也。【忌】畏也。</span> <span>捨人急己，輔高弱下，力行僭賢，畏罪矯容，滅裂行其事，恢張希其報<a class="zhuhao" href="#3977" id="3969">〔五〕</a>，都不見其功過相磨，恩害相補。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僭】濫也。【滅裂】不遵依也。【恢張】大設也。【磨】折也。</span> <span>上智審諸己，中智求諸人，下智昏昏然，皆謂其損益自然也。夫<span class="zhuanming">李廣</span>不封侯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">李廣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">隴西</span>人，號<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">飛將軍</span>。善射，手不虚發。嘗射石虎，應絃没羽。戰蕃，殺戮至甚，以此竟不封侯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">白起</span>死<span class="zhuanming">杜卸</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">白起</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>將，善野戰，坑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>降卒四十萬，竟死於<span class="zhuanming">杜卸驛</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【李廣不封侯】<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">李廣</span>善射，才氣無雙。每立功，輒不得封，功過相折。<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>嘗與望氣<span class="zhuanming">王朔</span>燕語曰：自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>擊<span class="zhuanming">匈<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00651','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P651</span></i>奴</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>未嘗不在其中，而諸校尉已下，才能不中人，然能取侯者數十人。而<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>不在人後，然無尺寸之功以得封邑者，何也？豈能相皃不當封也？且問命已，<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>曰：將軍自念有所恨乎？曰：吾嘗<span class="zhuanming">隴西</span>守，<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>嘗反，吾誘而降之八百餘人，吾詐而同日殺之，至今大恨。獨此耳。<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>曰：禍莫大於殺降，此乃將軍所以不封也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3978" id="3970">〔六〕</a>。【白起死杜郵】<span class="shuming">史記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">白起</span>有功于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，封爲<span class="zhuanming">武安君</span>。既行，出<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>西門十里，至<span class="zhuanming">杜郵</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦昭王</span>與<span class="zhuanming">應侯</span>群臣議曰：<span class="zhuanming">白起</span>之遷，其意尚怏怏，不服余言。<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>乃使使者賜其劒自裁。<span class="zhuanming">武安君</span>行劒將自刎，曰：我何罪于天而至此焉？良久，曰：我固當死。<span class="zhuanming">長平</span>之戰，<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>降者數千人坑，<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>卒四十萬，我詐而盡坈之，是足以死。遂自殺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3979" id="3971">〔七〕</a>。【杜郵】下音尤，<span class="zhuanming">杜郵</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>西十里之驛名也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">虞詡</span>相朝歌，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">虞經</span>善斷獄，<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>即其後也。<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>奏帝以<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span>三郡爲屯田省也，竟不得其死。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虞詡相朝歌】<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">虞詡</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">外卿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳國</span><span class="zhuanming">武平</span>人也。初辭太尉<span class="zhuanming">李修</span>府，拜郎中。因與<span class="zhuanming">鄧騭</span>兄弟異義，遂不平，欲以法中傷<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>。後<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>賊<span class="zhuanming">甯季</span>等數千人功殺長吏，此敡連年，州郡不能禁，乃以<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>長。故舊皆吊<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>曰：得<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>何襄？<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>曰：志不求易，事不避難，臣之職也。不遇盤節，何以别利器乎？既到官，募壯勇，使入賊中，誘令劫掠，乃伏兵以待之，遂殺賊數百人。又潛遣貧人能縫者傭作賊衣，以彩線縫其裾爲記，有出市里者，吏輒擒之。賊由是駭散。<span class="zhuanming">永和</span>初，迁尚書令，臨卒，謂其子曰：吾事君直道，行己無愧。所悔者，爲<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>長時，殺賊數百人，其中何能不有中冤者？自此二十餘年，家門不增一口，斯獲罪于天也。【虞詡】下況主切，敏而有勇，<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>時人也。【相朝歌】相是長字。<span class="zhuanming">殷王</span><span class="zhuanming">武</span>置都也，至<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>時爲郡。<span class="shuming">措掌</span>云：今<span class="zhuanming">衛州</span><span class="zhuanming">衛縣</span>也。</span> <span>雖保節忠主，而皆要功害物<a class="zhuhao" href="#3980" id="3972">〔八〕</a>，故將死之日，方始省其前過者也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00652','1865878',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P652</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3965" id="3973">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">佛説沙彌十戒儀則經</span>：「若有出家者，恣用身口意，誤殺螻蟻類，於其三業中，而得三種罪。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3966" id="3974">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">梵網經菩薩戒本疏</span>卷一：「無記心者，或不成犯，以無記不成業故。或亦有業，以還得報故。如山居比丘推石殺蟻，蟻受豬身，亦還推石，害彼比丘。各無記心，冥然受報。此即於戒雖爲不犯，然殺業如兹不亡，故不可輕也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3967" id="3975">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>問：『士何如，斯可謂之達矣？』子曰：『何哉，爾所謂達者？』<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>對曰：『在邦必聞，在家必聞。』子曰：『是聞也，非達也。夫達也者，質直而好義，察言而觀色，慮以下人。在邦必達，在家必達。夫聞也者，色取仁而行違，居之不疑。在邦必聞，在家必聞。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3968" id="3976">〔四〕</a>衒：誇耀，顯示。　冒：貪得。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3969" id="3977">〔五〕</a>力行：猶言竭力而行。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓中</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">商王</span><span class="zhuanming">受</span>力行無度，播棄犂老，昵比罪人。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「行無法度，竭日不足，故曰力行。」　滅裂：謂言行粗疏草率。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">則陽</span>：「芸而滅裂之，其實亦滅裂而報予。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「耕地不深，鉏治不熟，至秋收時，嘉實不多，皆由疏略，故致斯報也。」　恢張：張揚。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3970" id="3978">〔六〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">李將軍列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3971" id="3979">〔七〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">白起王翦列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3972" id="3980">〔八〕</a>要功：邀功，求取功名。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">馮奉世傳</span>：「争逐發兵，要功萬里之外。」</span> </p></div></div></div>
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住持行第十四
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133640" key="1133640"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第八 &gt; 住持行第十四 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133641" key="1133641"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00653','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P653</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000030">住持行第十四<span class="font12 zhu">泥龕塑像，佛寶也；黄卷赤軸，法寶；圓頂方袍，僧寶。此乃住持之道也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3985" id="3981">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【塑像】上音素，以泥成像也，不必維此。夫崇立靈像模寫尊形，所用多途，非唯泥瓦。或彫之鑄之，則以鐵木金銅；或圖之綉之，則以丹青縑素。石像玉像，漆佛錦佛，若骨若牙，皆云佛寶。</span></p><p> <span>簠簋俎豆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆宗廟祭器也。</span> <span>制度文章，爲禮之器<a class="zhuhao" href="#3986" id="3982">〔二〕</a>；升降上下，周旋裼襲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">裼，裘上服也。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「襲所不入公門，上必加裼。」「狐白裘，錦衣以裼」之是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【裼襲】上音錫，表上服也；下音習，重衣也。掩裼爲襲也。【裘】音求，皮衣也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：取彼狐狸，爲公子裘。</span> <span>爲禮之文<a class="zhuhao" href="#3987" id="3983">〔三〕</a>。鍾鼓管磬，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鍾，金。鼓，革。管，竹。磬，石也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鐘】酒器也。非此所用，宜鐘，樂器也。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>命<span class="zhuanming">伶倫</span>鑄十二器，始自黄鐘至，應鐘是也。此金音也。【鼓】上音古，郭也。春分萬物之首，言萬物郭皮甲而出故也。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>有六革鼓者也。【磬】石音也。</span> <span>羽籥干戚，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">羽，翟牌也。籥，如笛而三孔。此文舞之禮也。干，楯也。戚，玉鏚，鉞斧也。此武舞之禮也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羽籥】上王遇切，翟翅；下音藥，如笛，三孔而短。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：左手執籥，右手執翟。【玉鏚】音戚，玉粧鉞斧柄曰玉鏚也。</span> <span>爲樂之器；屈伸俯仰，綴兆舒疾，爲樂之文<a class="zhuhao" href="#3988" id="3984">〔四〕</a>。置兹則禮樂廢矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【置兹】捨此也。</span> <span>繕寫繢刻，香臺法几，爲道德之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00654','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P654</span></i>器；髡袒拜遶，禪講齋戒，爲道之文。弛兹則道德微矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">弛，廢也。微，匿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【繕寫】書經云。【繢】丘胃切，繪也，畫彩也。【刻】雕也。【弛】放也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3981" id="3985">〔一〕</a>住持：謂久住護持佛法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3982" id="3986">〔二〕</a>簠﹑簋﹑俎﹑豆：指各種禮器。　制度：法令﹑禮俗等規範。　文章：禮樂制度。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">大傳</span>：「考文章，改正朔。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「文章，禮法也。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「巍巍乎其有成功也，焕乎其有文章。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「文章，禮樂法度也。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「簠簋俎豆，制度文章，禮之器也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3983" id="3987">〔三〕</a>周旋：行禮時進退揖讓的動作。　裼：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「褐」，下文亦誤。裼襲：古代禮服之制：袒外衣而露裼衣，且不盡覆其裘，謂之裼；不裼，謂之襲。盛禮以襲爲敬；非盛禮以裼爲敬。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">表記</span>：「裼襲之不相因也，欲民之毋相瀆也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「不相因者，以其或以裼爲敬，或以襲爲敬。禮盛者，以襲爲敬，執玉龜之屬也；禮不盛者，以裼爲敬，受享是也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「行禮之時，禮不盛者，則露見裼衣；禮盛之時，則重襲上服。是行禮初盛則襲衣，禮不盛則裼衣，是裼襲不相因也……其行禮之時，或初襲而後裼，或初裼而後襲。所以然者，欲使人民無相褻瀆使禮相變革也。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「升降上下，周還裼襲，禮之文也。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「還，音旋。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「周謂行禮周曲迴旋也。」　<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">玉藻</span>：「士不衣織，無君者不貳采。衣正色，裳間色，非列采不入公門，振絺綌不入公門，表裘不入公門，襲裘不入公門。」「君衣狐白裘，錦衣以裼之。君之右虎裘，厥左狼裘。士不衣狐白。君子狐青裘豹褎，玄綃衣以裼之。麛裘青豻褎，絞衣以裼之。羔裘豹飾，緇衣以裼之。狐裘，黄衣以裼之。錦衣狐裘，諸侯之服也。犬羊之裘不裼。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00655','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P655</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3984" id="3988">〔四〕</a>綴兆：謂樂舞中舞者的行列位置。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「故鐘鼓管磬，羽龠干戚，樂之器也。屈伸俯仰，綴兆舒疾，樂之文也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「綴，謂酇舞者之位也。兆，其外營域也。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔佛升<span class="zhuanming">忉利</span>三月<a class="zhuhao" href="#3992" id="3989">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛生七日，<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>生<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>。佛往過夏，爲母説法也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">優陀延王</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南海王</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【優陀延王】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語<span class="zhuanming">鄔陁衍那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">出愛</span>。云<span class="zhuanming">優陁延</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">優填</span>，皆訛也。【南海王也】<span class="zhuanming">優填</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">憍賞彌國</span>王，屬<span class="zhuanming">中印土</span>，注非。</span> <span>懷不歸之詠<a class="zhuhao" href="#3993" id="3990">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詠】嘆也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">目連</span>以三十二匠往瞻相好，刻紫檀爲像<a class="zhuhao" href="#3994" id="3991">〔三〕</a>。王洎國人，若與神對。像設之興，自此始也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3989" id="3992">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">忉利</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>，<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天之一。見<span class="shuming">天地始</span>篇注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3990" id="3993">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">優陀延王</span>：又稱「<span class="zhuanming">優填王</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">日子王</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">出愛王</span>」。爲佛世時<span class="zhuanming">憍賞彌國</span>之王。因王后篤信佛教，遂成爲佛教之大外護。<span class="shuming">增壹阿含經</span>卷二八曰，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道之後，至<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>爲生母<span class="zhuanming">摩耶夫人</span>説法三月。「時<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">優填王</span>至<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>所，問<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>今日竟爲所在？』<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>報曰：『大王，我亦不知<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>所在。』是時，二王思睹如來，遂得苦患。爾時，群臣至<span class="zhuanming">優填王</span>所，白<span class="zhuanming">優填王</span>曰：『今爲所患。』時王報曰：『我今以愁憂成患。』群臣白王：『云何以愁憂成患？』其王報曰：『由不見<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>故也。設我不見<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>者，便當命終。』是時，群臣便作是念：『當以何方便，使<span class="zhuanming">優填王</span>不令命終？我等宜作<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>形像。』是時，群臣白王言：『我等欲作形像，亦可恭敬承事作禮。』時王聞此語已，歡喜踊躍，不能自勝。告群臣曰：『善哉！卿等所説至妙。』群臣白王：『當以何寶作<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>形像？』是時，王即敕國界之内諸奇巧師匠而告之曰：『我今欲作形像。』巧匠對曰：『如是，大王。』是時，<span class="zhuanming">優填王</span>即以牛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00656','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P656</span></i>頭栴檀作<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>形像，高五尺。」<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">憍賞彌國</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>成正覺已，上昇天宫，爲母説法，三月不還。其王思慕，願圖形像，乃請尊者<span class="zhuanming">没特伽羅子</span>以神通力接工人上天宫，親觀妙相，雕刻栴檀。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>自天宫還也，刻檀之像起迎<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>慰曰：『教化勞耶？開導末世，寔此爲冀。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3991" id="3994">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">四分律删繁補闕行事鈔</span>卷下（之三）<span class="shuming">僧像致敬篇</span>：「恐後生造像，無所表彰，故<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>躬將匠工，上天圖取。如是三反，方乃近真。至于下天，此像垂地來迎。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>命曰：汝於來世廣作佛事。因垂敕云：我滅度後，造立形像。一一似佛，使見者得法身儀則。乃至幡華供養，皆於來世得念佛三昧，具諸相好。如是造立，是佛像體。」</span> </p><p> <span>佛初成道，居樹王下，賈人奉食<a class="zhuhao" href="#3997" id="3995">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛初成道，<span class="zhuanming">帝履富婆</span>長者，將五百乘車賈販至山下，風雨甚。山神告之：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>成道，可往供養。」遂至山也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【賈】音古。</span> <span>請示作福，<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>授以髮爪，令歸國起塔<a class="zhuhao" href="#3998" id="3996">〔二〕</a>。塔廟之興，自此始也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3995" id="3997">〔一〕</a>樹王：指菩提樹。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>在此樹下覺悟成佛。　賈人：指<span class="zhuanming">帝履富婆</span>。又稱「<span class="zhuanming">帝梨富娑</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">帝履富娑</span>」，略稱「<span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>」，又作「<span class="zhuanming">離謂</span>」等。據<span class="shuming">方廣大莊嚴經</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">商人蒙記品</span>，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>成道第四十九日，於<span class="zhuanming">多演林</span>樹下端坐。時有<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">波利</span>兄弟二人，爲衆商主，載五百乘珍寶將返本國，相遇於此，共供養<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，並歸依<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，爲佛弟子。此即佛門有優婆塞之始。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3996" id="3998">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>：謂佛。<span class="shuming">觀無量壽佛經疏妙宗鈔</span>卷一：「佛是極聖，故稱爲大。」按：<span class="shuming">撰集百緣經</span>卷六<span class="shuming">功德意供養塔生天緣</span>：「佛在<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span><span class="zhuanming">迦蘭陀竹林</span>，時彼<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>，每日三時，將諸官屬，往詣佛所，禮覲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00657','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P657</span></i><span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。於其後時，年漸老大，身體轉重，不能日日故往禮拜。時諸官人啓白王言：『從佛<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>索於髮爪，後宫之中造立塔寺，於此禮拜，香花燈明而供養之。』時王然可，往詣佛所啓白。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>即以髮爪與<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>。於其宫内，造立塔寺，懸繒幡蓋，香花燈明，日三時供養。」</span> </p><p> <span>成道踰年，化力風行，降<span class="zhuanming">象頭山</span>，入<span class="zhuanming">王舍</span>大城，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">上第</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4002" id="3999">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙</span>所統。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降】去呼。【象頭】<span class="zhuanming">伽耶山</span>也。【王舍大城】注云<span class="zhuanming">上茅</span>，非。<span class="zhuanming">王舍</span>之言，既非<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語，如何此云<span class="zhuanming">上茅</span>？<span class="zhuanming">王舍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">新城</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">上茅</span>，古都也。已如上辯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>率統内官士庶御于郊野，因以<span class="zhuanming">迦蘭陀竹園</span>爲佛寶舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#4003" id="4000">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">迦蘭陀，此云好聲鳥。昔有王出獵，樹下睡，有大蛇出自樹，將螫彼王，此鳥悲鳴以覺，王因捨此園，令鳥居止，今王捨以建寺也。有云「迦蘭是鼠」，非也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【御】進也，侍也。【迦蘭陀竹園】在山城北門外一百里。</span> <span>佛敕爲僧居。伽藍之興，自此始也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伽藍】僧伽藍摩，此云衆園。園者，生植之所。佛弟子居之，收生植道本﹑聖果之義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4004" id="4001">〔三〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3999" id="4002">〔一〕</a>第：當爲「茅」之形誤。參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4000" id="4003">〔二〕</a>迦蘭陀：鳥名，意譯「好聲鳥」。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷五六：「迦蘭陁鳥，或言柯蘭陁，或作迦蘭馱迦，或云羯蘭鐸迦，皆<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音輕重也，此譯云好聲鳥也。案<span class="shuming">外國傳</span>云其形似鵲，但此鳥群集，多栖竹林。昔有國王於林睡息，虵來欲螫，鳥鳴覺之。王荷其恩，散食養鳥，林主居士，遂從此爲名，名<span class="zhuanming">迦蘭馱迦</span>也，舊安外道，後奉<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4001" id="4004">〔三〕</a>見<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">僧伽藍摩</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00658','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P658</span></i><p> <span>正法有二，謂教與證<a class="zhuhao" href="#4008" id="4005">〔一〕</a>。教資持説，證在修行。不持則真文闕矣，不説則至理擁矣，不修則聖嗣絶矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4009" id="4006">〔二〕</a>。故<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>云：「法無久近，隨三人住世。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4010" id="4007">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">經師﹑律師﹑論師三人。又持﹑説﹑證三人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【教資】資，藉也。【擁】宜此壅，於隴切，壅塞不通皃也。【聖嗣】證果者名聖嗣。</span> <span>人在法在，人亡法亡也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4005" id="4008">〔一〕</a>正法：即佛法。<span class="shuming">雜阿含經</span>卷二四：「出興於世，演説正法。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4006" id="4009">〔二〕</a>真文：指經文。　擁：遮蔽。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4007" id="4010">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>卷二九：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>正法，體有二種，一教二證。教謂契經調伏對法，證謂三乘菩提分法。有能受持及正説者，佛正教法便住世間。有能依教正修行者，佛正證法便住世間。故隨三人住世時量，應知正法住爾所時，聖教總言，唯住千載。有<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>證法，唯住千年，教法住時，復過於此。」</span> </p><p> <span>或謂正像千年，末法十倍之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4022" id="4011">〔一〕</a>。此但舉其大限，示興喪之於天下也。或以<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>云有如法衆説戒<a class="zhuhao" href="#4023" id="4012">〔二〕</a>，則我法住矣。由律師持律<a class="zhuhao" href="#4024" id="4013">〔三〕</a>，故佛法住壽五千年，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">戒經</span>云：若不持禁戒，如所應布薩。喻如日没時，世界皆暗瞑<a class="zhuhao" href="#4025" id="4014">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戒經云】<span class="shuming">四分律</span>云。<span class="shuming">戒</span>本後序文也，是結集人語也。</span> <span>此乃舉益以彰勸也。故經律論爲住持之教本，僧財食爲住持之功烈，務教而法衆盛矣，宣功而金界治矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4026" id="4015">〔五〕</a>。故使至道淳懿，凝味不散，如大羹之在鼎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4027" id="4016">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">祭宗廟之羹也，不致五味。故<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：「大羹不致。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【烈】業也。【淳懿】上音純，清也，朴也；下雖冀切，美也，大也。【鼎】<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：鼎三足二耳，和五味之寶器也。</span> <span>靈神降祉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4028" id="4017">〔七〕</a>，此住持之法度也。夫<a class="zhuhao" href="#4029" id="4018">〔八〕</a><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00659','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P659</span></i>三學孔揚<a class="zhuhao" href="#4030" id="4019">〔九〕</a>，德輶鴻毛，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孔，甚也。輶，輕也。言所習光華，若鴻毛之輕舉也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三學孔揚者】教有住持者，何謂也？謂藉人持其法等，全用輔教編廣，原教等可知。【輶】由﹑酉二音，輕也。</span> <span>人思服道善，故能久<a class="zhuhao" href="#4031" id="4020">〔一○〕</a>。欲使真風玄緒取陵夷於天下<a class="zhuhao" href="#4032" id="4021">〔一一〕</a>，又不可得也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4011" id="4022">〔一〕</a>正像：謂正法﹑像法，和末法合爲「三時」。像法謂佛去世久遠，與「正法」相似的佛法。其時道化訛替，雖有教有行而無證果者。「像法」的時限説法不一。一般認爲在佛去世五百年後的一千年之間。　末法：指佛法的衰微時期。<span class="shuming">隋書</span>卷三五<span class="shuming">經籍志四</span>：「然佛所説，我滅度後，正法五百年，像法一千年，末法三千年，其義如此。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4012" id="4023">〔二〕</a>如法衆：奉持佛法的信衆。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4013" id="4024">〔三〕</a>律師：善解戒律的人。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">金剛身品</span>：「如是能知佛法所作，善能解説，是名律師。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4014" id="4025">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">四分律比丘戒本</span>：「若不持此戒，如所應布薩，喻如日没時，世界皆暗冥。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4015" id="4026">〔五〕</a>金界：佛地，佛寺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4016" id="4027">〔六〕</a>淳懿：厚美。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷二六<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">吴趨行</span>：「文德熙淳懿，武功侔山河。」<span class="zhuanming">李周翰</span>注：「淳，厚；懿，美。」　大羹：不和五味的肉汁。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「大饗之禮，尚玄酒而俎腥魚，大羹不和，有遺味者矣。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「大羹，肉湆，不調以鹽菜。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4017" id="4028">〔七〕</a>降祉：猶賜福。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4018" id="4029">〔八〕</a>夫：上部底本漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作「天」，誤。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00660','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P660</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4019" id="4030">〔九〕</a>三學：戒學﹑定學﹑慧學。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4020" id="4031">〔一○〕</a>思服：思念，想念。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周南</span><span class="shuming">關雎</span>：「求之不得，寤寐思服。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「服，思之也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4021" id="4032">〔一一〕</a>真風：淳樸的風俗﹑風範。　玄緒：謂先聖遺業。　陵夷：由盛到衰。衰頽，衰落。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span>知事僧揔曰羯磨陀那，此方爲維那，亦以悦衆呼之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4036" id="4033">〔一〕</a>。彼國克艱于厥位，先聖徵賢，則仁人次之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">維那者，掌事僧。西國求之甚難，多以賢人爲之，其次以仁人次之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羯磨陀那】此云授事。維那者，訛也。或以維那爲悦衆者也。【克】必也。</span> <span>而中國之聖，不顯于聖。惟德惟行，求諸己乎。於無恒者﹑輕諾者，諒則有闕，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若用不恒輕易之徒信爲闕，則罔有始終也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【無恒】常也。人無恒産，必無常心。若無恒産有恒心者，必也賢乎。</span> <span>既虞覆餗<a class="zhuhao" href="#4037" id="4034">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">餗，糝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>【虞】憂也，度也。【覆餗】上音復，顛也；下送鹿切，虞云八珍之饍也，菜也。【糝】桑感切，以末和美也。<span class="shuming">墨子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>厄<span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>，䔧羹不糝。</span> <span>亦果敗類。故與夫無良爲任，使下民化之，寧爲聚盜之藪也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4038" id="4035">〔三〕</a>！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">主掌僧田，非其才器，惟貪貨賄，不務修葺。若任官非其人，州縣不治，寧居寇盜之藪，不甚此也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【果】决也。【類】善也，法也。【任】職也，用也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4033" id="4036">〔一〕</a>知事：掌管僧院事務的僧職。　羯磨陀那：意譯授事﹑悦衆﹑寺護﹑次第。管理僧衆事務，位元次於上座﹑寺主。又稱維那。維，綱維；那，羯磨陀那之略。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四之夾註：「授事者，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云羯磨陀那。陀那是授，羯磨是事。意道以衆雜事指授於人，舊云維那者非也。維是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>語，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00661','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P661</span></i>意道綱維。那是<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音，略去羯磨陀字。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4034" id="4037">〔二〕</a>覆餗：謂傾覆鼎中的珍饌。餗，鼎中的食物。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">鼎</span>：「鼎折足，覆公餗。」因以「覆餗」喻力不勝任而敗事。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4035" id="4038">〔三〕</a>無良：不善，不好。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">受</span>克予，非朕<span class="zhuanming">文</span>考有罪，惟予小子無良。」</span> </p><p> <span>佛在世，<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>統衆於<span class="zhuanming">靈山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">身子</span>莅事于<span class="zhuanming">竹林</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4045" id="4039">〔一〕</a>。洎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4046" id="4040">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">沓婆摩羅</span>年十六，得阿羅漢，其後念身不牢，固請知僧務。<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>憫其誠愿，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">愿，謹愿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莅】音利，臨也。【沓婆摩羅】有經云<span class="zhuanming">陀驃</span>，有云<span class="zhuanming">陀婆</span>，有名<span class="zhuanming">實力子</span>，皆一人也。【憫】音慜，默也。【愿】音願，敬也。</span> <span>命僧差之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4047" id="4041">〔三〕</a>。既懃於職，於衣食乃孜孜不暇給<a class="zhuhao" href="#4048" id="4042">〔四〕</a>，先物後己。率籲玄侣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">籲，和也。玄侣，僧也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孜】勤行不怠也。【暇給】<span class="shuming">漢書</span>曰：不暇給。【率籲】下音裕，<span class="shuming">盤庚</span>云：率籲衆慼，出矢言。義曰率領也。籲，和諧也。</span> <span>流聞暢乎八方。<span class="zhuanming">皇覺</span>懿乃嘉績，讚曰：「我弟子爲僧知，房舍卧具，差次請食<a class="zhuhao" href="#4049" id="4043">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">沓婆摩羅</span>爲第一也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懿】美也。【乃】汝也。【加績】上善也；下則歷切，緝也，功業也。<span class="shuming">書</span>曰：加績多于先王，予小垂拱仰成<a class="zhuhao" href="#4050" id="4044">〔六〕</a>。此<span class="zhuanming">康王</span>美<span class="zhuanming">畢公</span>之言也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4039" id="4045">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">身子</span>：<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4040" id="4046">〔二〕</a>洎：原誤作「泪」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4041" id="4047">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">善見律毗婆沙</span>卷一三：「<span class="zhuanming">遝婆</span>是比丘名，<span class="zhuanming">摩羅</span>是王名。此王子出家故，名<span class="zhuanming">遝婆摩羅子</span>。此大德，年七歲出家，鬚髮落地，即成羅漢，得三達智，具六神通。……而白佛言：『今從<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>乞二種願：一者<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00662','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P662</span></i>爲諸衆僧分佈房舍，二者差會分佈飲食。』於是<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>答言：『善哉。汝貪嗔既盡，堪爲此事。汝當爲衆僧分佈床席及諸飲食。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4042" id="4048">〔四〕</a>孜孜：勤勉，不懈怠。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「予何言？予思日孜孜。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「孜孜者，勉功不怠之意。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4043" id="4049">〔五〕</a>差次：分别等級次序。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4044" id="4050">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">畢命</span>：「嘉績多于先王，予小子垂拱仰成。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>有長老<span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>，手爨於僧厨<a class="zhuhao" href="#4053" id="4051">〔一〕</a>。客比丘二人，自遠欲展勤。初不識之，就前問曰：「大聖尊德，今止何處？」<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>指云：「在彼最上房住。」二比丘如其言將往，而<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>遽以神力，先復本坐。比丘後至，默識是前所見者，接足致敬已，問曰：「大德名滿<span class="zhuanming">閻浮</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4054" id="4052">〔二〕</a>，胡爲躬燀薪蒸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">燀，燒也。大曰薪，小曰蒸。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【達磨多羅】此云<span class="zhuanming">法救</span>。【燀】音闡，然也。【薪蒸】麤曰薪，細曰蒸。</span> <span>任兹厮役耶？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【厮】音斯，役也，使也，賤也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>喟然曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">喟然，歎息也。</span> <span>「汝既有問，吾則何隱？吾所念累劫受生死苦，險難長遠，洎五百世爲狗，惟飽兩食。況餘惡道？若使吾頭可燃者，吾並燃之。矧兹燃火及餘支乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矧】音哂，況也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4051" id="4053">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">曇摩多羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">達磨怛邏多</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">法救</span>。爲説一切有部之論師。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">健馱邏國</span>：「城北四五里有故伽藍，庭宇荒涼，僧徒寡少，然皆遵習小乘法教，即<span class="zhuanming">達磨呾邏多</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00663','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P663</span></i>救</span>，舊曰<span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>，訛也）論師於此製<span class="shuming">雜阿毘達磨論</span>。」事見<span class="shuming">付法藏因緣傳</span>卷五：「當於爾時，有一比丘名<span class="zhuanming">達摩蜜多</span>，智慧深遠，功德具足，善能通達三昧定相。<span class="zhuanming">南天竺國</span>有二比丘，心意柔和，深樂善法，素聞尊者坐禪第一，即共相將往詣其所。於其住處有三重窟，爾時二人至下窟中，見一比丘著弊壞衣，形貌醜陋，端坐窖前，爲僧然火。時二比丘問言：『長老<span class="zhuanming">達摩蜜多</span>爲在何處？』答言：『今在最上窟中，汝等宜可急往見之。』爾時二人進至上窟，見向比丘已於中坐。時一比丘語其伴曰：『此老比丘，云何乃似向所見者？』時伴比丘聰慧機悟，即語之曰：『今此尊者尚能如是，流布名聞，豈不能至此處而坐？』即前爲禮，稽首問曰：『大德威名，世間希有。何故自屈，爲僧燃火？』<span class="zhuanming">達摩蜜多</span>告比丘曰：『子今當聽。我念生死，受苦長遠。若使頭手可得燃者，吾當爲僧而盡燃之，況餘身分及以燃火，何足爲難？吾念往昔五百世中，常受狗身，飢窮羸乏，唯曾再飽。乃於昔時值有一人，飲酒會醉，嘔吐委地。我於是時，食而得足。又昔曾有夫妻二人，以器煮糜，熟已出外。我見無人，至其家内，頭入器中，食糜得足。後欲出頭，了不能得。於是夫妻從外還入，見食其糜，深生瞋忿，即以利刀，用剪吾首。於五百世受斯狗身，雖二飽滿而失身命。以是思惟，生死長久，周遍五道，受苦無量。故吾今者不憚勤勞，躬爲衆僧而自燃火。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4052" id="4054">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">閻浮</span>：亦稱「<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">南閻浮提</span>」，即位於南方的<span class="zhuanming">南贍部洲</span>，上面生長許多南贍部樹。「閻浮」即「贍部」，樹名。後泛指人間世界。</span> </p><p> <span>中夏<span class="zhuanming">姚秦</span>世，棄俗者十室而半。<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>入關，學徒󱧹糧<a class="zhuhao" href="#4058" id="4055">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">󱧹，籠屬。</span> <span>不遠千里而至者三千。因立<span class="zhuanming">道䂮</span>爲僧正，<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>爲悦衆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">維那也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【󱧹】音盈，笭也，小籠也。言以籠盛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00664','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P664</span></i>粮，不以千里爲遠也。或此󱧹字，<span class="shuming">漢書音義</span>云：󱧹粮而影從。󱧹，擔也。󱧹粮者，<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：今遂至使民延頸舉踵曰：其有所賢者，󱧹粮而移󱧹裹者。【道䂮】下音掠，利也。<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>時高僧。【僧正】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云僧主<a class="zhuhao" href="#4059" id="4056">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">法欽</span><span class="zhuanming">慧斌</span>掌僧録，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">主簿書，若今僧判也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法欽慧斌】下武巾切，文質相半也。此二高僧無别成傳，在<span class="zhuanming">道䂮</span>附見。</span> <span>給車輿吏人。僧正祑同侍中，餘别有差。<span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>有僧官，自<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4060" id="4057">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【車輿】駕馬曰車，步檐曰輿。【秩】真一切，俸資也。【侍中】<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>官，秩千石。【差】降也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4055" id="4058">〔一〕</a>󱧹糧：裹糧，遠行時攜帶口糧。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4056" id="4059">〔二〕</a>僧主：<span class="shuming">大宋僧史略</span>卷中<span class="shuming">立僧正</span>：「所云僧主者，猶僧官也。蓋偏地小正﹑小統之名也。如<span class="zhuanming">闍那崛多</span>，此言<span class="zhuanming">志德</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">周朝</span><span class="zhuanming">譙王</span><span class="zhuanming">宇文儉</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，請以同行，至彼任<span class="zhuanming">益州</span>僧主，住<span class="zhuanming">龍淵寺</span>焉。<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">慧基</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">偶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">錢塘</span>人，依<span class="zhuanming">求那三藏</span>於<span class="zhuanming">蔡州</span>受戒。後化行<span class="zhuanming">越</span>土，尋敕爲僧主，掌任十城，東土僧主之始也（東土即<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">會</span>之間也）。歷觀諸朝，多是諸侯立僧正也。<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>雖大國，亦用此名，但加大字以别之。今天下每州置一員，擇德行才能者充之，不然則闕矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4057" id="4060">〔三〕</a>僧正：統領教團，並匡正僧尼行爲的僧官，是僧團中的最高職官。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">僧䂮</span>：「釋僧䂮，姓<span class="zhuanming">傅氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北地</span><span class="zhuanming">泥陽</span>人。……自<span class="zhuanming">童壽</span>入關，遠僧復集。僧尼既多，或有愆漏。<span class="zhuanming">興</span>曰：『凡未學僧，未階苦忍，安得無過？過而不𦐤，過遂多矣。宜立僧主，以清大望。』因下書曰：『大法東遷，於今爲盛，僧尼已多，應須綱領，宣授遠規，以濟頽緒。<span class="zhuanming">僧䂮法師</span>，學優早年，德芳暮齒，可爲國内僧主。<span class="zhuanming">僧遷法師</span>，禪慧兼修，即爲悦衆。<span class="zhuanming">法欽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧斌</span>共掌僧録。』給車輿吏力。<span class="zhuanming">䂮</span>資侍中秩，傳詔羊車各二人，<span class="zhuanming">遷</span>等<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00665','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P665</span></i>並有厚給。共事純儉，允愜時望。五衆肅清，六時無怠。至<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>七年，敕加親信伏身白從各三十人。僧正之興，<span class="zhuanming">䂮</span>之始也。躬自步行，車輿以給老疾，所獲供恤，常充衆用。雖年在秋方，而講説經律，勖衆無倦。以<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>之末，卒于<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>大寺，春秋七十矣。」參<span class="shuming">宗師議</span>篇注。　悦衆：僧官名，總管僧團雜事。<span class="shuming">大宋僧史略</span>卷中<span class="shuming">立僧正</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>知事僧總曰羯磨陀那，譯爲知事，亦曰悦衆，謂知其事，悦其衆也。……殆<span class="zhuanming">姚秦</span>之世，出家者十室而半。<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>入<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，贏糧裹足而至者三千。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>主敕選<span class="zhuanming">道䂮法師</span>爲僧正，<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>爲悦衆，<span class="zhuanming">法欽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧斌</span>掌僧録，給車輿吏力。僧正秩同侍中，餘則差降。此土立僧官，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">䂮</span>爲始也。」參<span class="shuming">宗師議</span>篇「維那」注。　僧録：僧職，負責登録僧尼名籍與僧官補任等事宜。<span class="shuming">大宋僧史略</span>卷中<span class="shuming">左右街僧録</span>：「猶言録事也，僞<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>始立僧正，則以<span class="zhuanming">法欽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧斌</span>二人掌僧録也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>世立監福曹，又改爲昭玄司，備有官屬，以斷僧務<a class="zhuhao" href="#4065" id="4061">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>革爲崇玄署<a class="zhuhao" href="#4066" id="4062">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後周</span>，若功德司也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魏世】<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>。【周齊革等】應云<span class="zhuanming">西魏</span><span class="zhuanming">後周</span>，革崇玄署。又，常恕切。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">東魏</span><span class="zhuanming">高齊</span>尚其統，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">陳</span>尚其正，而復寺三官，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若今三綱<a class="zhuhao" href="#4067" id="4063">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>屬其統正焉。<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>革<span class="zhuanming">周</span>命，弘法尤盛，天下三藏，分置十統<a class="zhuhao" href="#4068" id="4064">〔四〕</a>。今國家罷統立兩録，而司於京邑。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧録掌京城，外州别立僧正。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【罷】音皮。</span> <span>其三綱特以德望求人也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4061" id="4065">〔一〕</a>曹：官署。監福曹是<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">孝文帝</span><span class="zhuanming">太和</span>十七年（四九三）設立的中央統治和監督佛教教團的機構，二十一年（四九七），改名昭玄署。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「先是，立監福曹，又改爲昭玄，備有官屬，以斷僧務。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00666','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P666</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4062" id="4066">〔二〕</a>崇玄署：<span class="zhuanming">杜佑</span><span class="shuming">通典</span>卷二五<span class="shuming">職官七</span><span class="shuming">宗正卿</span><span class="shuming">崇玄署</span>：「崇玄署，令一人。初，<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">天興</span>二年，置仙人博士，掌煑鍊百藥。<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>置昭玄等寺，掌諸佛教，有大統一人，都維那三人，兼置功曹﹑主簿等員，以管諸州縣沙門之法。<span class="zhuanming">後周</span>置司寂上士﹑中士，掌法門之政。又置司玄中士﹑下士，掌道門之政。<span class="zhuanming">隋初</span>，置崇玄署令﹑丞，至<span class="zhuanming">煬帝</span>，改郡縣佛寺爲道場，置道場監一人，改觀爲玄壇，監一人。<span class="zhuanming">大唐</span>復置崇玄署，初又每寺觀各置監一人，屬鴻臚，<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>中省。<span class="zhuanming">開元</span>中，以崇玄署隸宗正寺，掌觀及道士﹑女冠簿籍﹑齋醮之事。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4063" id="4067">〔三〕</a>三綱：佛寺上座﹑寺主（住持）﹑維那三個主要職務。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4064" id="4068">〔四〕</a>十統：<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>所置之僧官名稱。據<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">法上傳</span>所載，<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">文宣帝</span>於<span class="zhuanming">天保</span>二年（五五一）設立十統之職，任命<span class="zhuanming">法上</span>爲十統之首，稱爲昭玄大統，又稱昭玄統，其餘九人稱爲通統，合稱昭玄十統。九名通統多爲<span class="zhuanming">法上</span>及當代律學碩德<span class="zhuanming">慧光</span>之門人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">法上傳</span>：「初<span class="zhuanming">天保</span>之中，國置十統。有司聞奏，事須甄異，<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>乃手注狀云：『<span class="zhuanming">上法師</span>可爲大統，餘爲通統。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>塔，昔與諸國分舍利而營之。歲久地荒，惟野象銜芳薦實，以牙除䕌，以鼻拚灑<a class="zhuhao" href="#4073" id="4069">〔一〕</a>。而有遊方沙門感其事，遂反戒爲策勤，締葺舊址，揔衆役于厥躬也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4074" id="4070">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">反戒，捨戒也。策勤，沙彌。何爲然？以有戒則掘地﹑圻樹﹑露地﹑燃火，皆爲破戒，故不可作興葺之事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【藍摩國】<span class="shuming">記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>城東南有塼窣堵波，減百尺，不遠有伽藍，以沙彌緫寺任，遠方僧必三日供養。昔有比丘禮窣堵波，見象以牙芟草，以鼻洒水，持供養者也。【營之】營，造也，度也。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">靈臺</span>云：「經始靈臺，經之營之，庶民攻之，不日成之。」【拚】音卞，辯也，以鼻洒水。【策勤】<span class="shuming">大婆沙</span>云：室利摩拏落迦，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言策<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00667','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P667</span></i>勤，三業也。【締】結也，音悌。【沙彌】此云息慈依止地，息煩惱故也。【掘】其月切，穿也。【薦實】進果也。【薙】他計切，<span class="shuming">釋草</span>云莅薙，<span class="zhuanming">李巡</span>云臭草也，<span class="zhuanming">郭</span>云含蔚也。葉佀莅，方莖﹑白華。又名益母，<span class="shuming">記</span>云芟草。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">道敬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王右軍</span>之曾孫，棲<span class="zhuanming">若耶山</span>，立<span class="zhuanming">懸溜精舍</span>，反戒如<span class="zhuanming">藍摩</span>之事焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4075" id="4071">〔三〕</a>。故仁人爲善，天下同矣。不仁爲不善，亦天下同矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">吉人爲善，惟日不足。凶人爲不善，亦惟日不足<a class="zhuhao" href="#4076" id="4072">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【若耶山】在<span class="zhuanming">會稽縣</span>東南也。【溜】力救切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4069" id="4073">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>：又稱<span class="zhuanming">羅摩伽國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿羅摩國</span>等，爲<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛城</span>東方之國。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">藍摩國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">藍摩國</span>空荒歲久，疆埸無紀。城邑丘墟，居人稀曠。故城東南有甎窣堵波，高減百尺。昔者<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>入寂滅已，此國先王分得舍利，持歸本國，式遵崇建，靈異間起，神光時燭。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4070" id="4074">〔二〕</a>遊方：指僧人爲修行問道或化緣而雲遊四方。　策勤：策，督促勉勵；勤，盡力。這裏當作「勤策」，指沙彌，爲五衆之一。此衆受持十戒，抱着欲爲比丘的希望，勤自策勵，故稱勤策。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">藍摩國</span>：「昔有苾芻，同志相召。自遠而至，禮窣堵波。見諸群象，相趨往來，或以牙芟草，或以鼻灑水。各持異華，共爲供養。時衆見已，悲歎感懷。有一苾芻，便捨具戒，願留供養，與衆辭曰：『我惟多福，濫跡僧中。歲月亟淹，行業無紀。此窣堵波，有佛舍利。聖德冥通，群象踐灑。遺身此地，甘與同群。得畢餘齡，誠爲幸矣。』衆告之曰：『斯盛事也。吾等垢重，智不謀此。隨時自愛，無虧勝業。』亦既離群，重申誠願。歡然獨居，有終焉之志。於是葺茅爲宇，引流成池。采掇時花，灑掃瑩域。綿歷歲序，心事無怠，鄰國諸王聞而雅尚，競捨財寶，共建伽藍。因而勸請，屈知僧<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00668','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P668</span></i>務。自爾相踵，不泯元功，而以沙彌總知僧事。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4071" id="4075">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">僧翼傳</span>附<span class="shuming">道敬傳</span>：「時有<span class="zhuanming">釋道敬</span>者，本<span class="zhuanming">瑯瑘</span>胄族，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>右將軍<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>曾孫。避世出家，情愛丘壑，棲于<span class="zhuanming">若耶山</span>，立<span class="zhuanming">懸溜精舍</span>。<span class="zhuanming">敬</span>後爲供養衆僧，乃捨具足，專精十戒云。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4072" id="4076">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓中</span>：「我聞吉人爲善，惟日不足。凶人爲不善，亦惟日不足。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">崔慧元</span>營寺於<span class="zhuanming">武陵</span>。既殁，<span class="zhuanming">武當山</span>下有見者，神色甚暢，寄語於寺僧曰：「勿令寺業有廢。」自是空中依時有磬聲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4079" id="4077">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>之<span class="zhuanming">邛州</span><span class="zhuanming">霧中山</span>及<span class="zhuanming">彭州</span><span class="zhuanming">金閣寺</span>，空中皆有讚唄磬聲等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【武陵】<span class="zhuanming">黔中</span>也。【武當山】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時屬<span class="zhuanming">均州</span><span class="zhuanming">武當山</span>。【邛】音蛩，<span class="zhuanming">臨邛</span>屬<span class="zhuanming">益都</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">廣州法獻</span>創寺於<span class="zhuanming">藏微山</span>。有二童子攜手來，歌曰：「<span class="zhuanming">藏微</span>有道德，歡樂方未央。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未央，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>宫。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【廣州法獻】又有<span class="zhuanming">法獻</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">玄暢</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>僧主者，乃<span class="zhuanming">西海</span><span class="zhuanming">延水</span>人，今故曰<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span><span class="zhuanming">法獻</span>。</span> <span>歌訖，忽然不見之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4080" id="4078">〔二〕</a>。夫神以誠感，道由神助，匪誠何德？匪神何怙？故禎應之所翔，宜勵乎未翔者耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禎】善也。【翔】集也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4077" id="4079">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">慧元傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧元</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河北</span>人。爲人性善，喜愠無色。常習禪誦經，勸化福事，以爲恒業。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>初，於<span class="zhuanming">武陵</span><span class="zhuanming">平山</span>立寺，有二十餘僧，飱蔬幽遁，永絶人途。以<span class="zhuanming">太元</span>十四年（三八九）卒，卒後有人入<span class="zhuanming">武當山</span>下見之，神色甚暢，寄語寺僧，勿使寺業有廢。自是寺内常聞空中應時有磬聲，依而集衆，未嘗差失。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4078" id="4080">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一三：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法獻</span>，<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>人。始居<span class="zhuanming">北寺</span>，寺歲久凋衰，<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>率化有緣，更加治葺，改曰<span class="zhuanming">延祥</span>。後<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00669','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P669</span></i>入<span class="zhuanming">藏薇山</span>創寺，寺成後，有兩童子攜手來歌云：『<span class="zhuanming">藏薇</span>有道德，歡樂方未央。』言終，忽然不見。舉寺驚嗟，咸歎神異。<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>後入禪，忽見一人來云：『磬繩欲斷，何不治？』<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>驚起往視，垂將委地。由其手接，得無折損。<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>出家以來，常勸化福事，而棲心禪戒，未嘗虧節。後不知所終。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">周顒</span>於<span class="zhuanming">鍾山</span><span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>舊館立<span class="zhuanming">草堂寺</span>，或謂之<span class="zhuanming">山茨</span>，求<span class="zhuanming">慧約</span>爲寺任。<span class="zhuanming">約</span>以邑居雖近，而蕭條物外，冥賞素誠，便有終焉之託。<span class="zhuanming">顒</span>歎曰：「<span class="zhuanming">山茨</span><span class="zhuanming">約</span>主，清虚滿世。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4082" id="4081">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鍾山】在<span class="zhuanming">申州</span><span class="zhuanming">鍾山縣</span>。【茨】才資切，茅也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4081" id="4082">〔一〕</a>蕭條：猶逍遥，閒逸貌。　物外：世外。謂超脱於俗世之外。　素誠：一向蓄於内心的情意。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧約傳</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">德素</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">婁</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span><span class="zhuanming">烏場</span>人也。……<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>中書郎<span class="zhuanming">汝南</span><span class="zhuanming">周顒</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>令。欽服道素，側席加禮。於<span class="zhuanming">鍾山</span><span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>舊館造<span class="zhuanming">草堂寺</span>，亦號<span class="zhuanming">山茨</span>，屈知寺任。此寺結宇山椒，疏壤幽岫。雖邑居非遠，而蕭條物外，既冥賞素誠，便有終焉之託。<span class="zhuanming">顒</span>歎曰：『<span class="zhuanming">山茨</span><span class="zhuanming">約</span>主，清虚滿世。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>造<span class="zhuanming">光宅寺</span>，詔<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>爲寺主，創立僧制，雅有後範。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>之有孝德，又以業行承天之休，荷國寵光<a class="zhuhao" href="#4087" id="4083">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寵】遇也。</span> <span>夫孝者，事殁如事生，思親如不欲生。<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>以事親聞，執親之喪，水漿不入口者七日。<span class="zhuanming">高柴</span>以思親泣血三年，未嘗見齒<a class="zhuhao" href="#4088" id="4084">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">言泣無聲，如血出也。笑之微，故不見齒。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">雲</span>無<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>之讓，則殆乎不勝喪矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4089" id="4085">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>持母喪，幾至毁滅。<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>勉之，方進食也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讓】責也。【殆】危也。【勝】任也。平呼。</span> <span>沙彌歲覃思<span class="shuming">法華</span>，嘗造幽<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00670','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P670</span></i>巖，豎石爲聽徒，執松枝獨講，故其後首出此經，雖有衆師，難能偕也。嘗於一寺散講，感得天花如雪，滿空而飄于堂内，罷坐乃去。時有一僧，願欲齊<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>，夢神人誡曰：「<span class="zhuanming">雲法師</span><span class="zhuanming">燈明佛</span>時已講此經，宜速措汝意，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">措，置罷也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覃】音曇，延也。【偕】齊也。【豎】立也。【滿空而下】有少下者。【飄于堂内】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云延于堂内。【沙彌歲覃思法華者】初，<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>年在息慈，雅尚經術，於<span class="shuming">妙華</span>研精累思，品酌理味，始未昭覺，乃往幽嵓，獨講斯典。豎石爲人，松枝爲拂，自唱自導，兼通難解。所以垂名<span class="zhuanming">梁代</span>，誠績有聞。嘗於一寺散講此經，忽感天花狀如飛雪，滿空而下。延於堂内，昇空不墜，講訖方去。</span> <span>勿圖非望也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4090" id="4086">〔四〕</a>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4083" id="4087">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法雲</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">周氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宜興</span><span class="zhuanming">陽羡</span>人。……尋又下詔禮爲家僧，資給優厚。敕爲<span class="zhuanming">光宅寺</span>主，創立僧制，雅爲後則。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4084" id="4088">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">高柴</span>事出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>。參<span class="shuming">喪服問</span>篇注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4085" id="4089">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法雲傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧旻</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>，家于<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span>之<span class="zhuanming">富春</span>，<span class="zhuanming">有吴</span>開國大皇帝其先也。……性靈誠孝，勞於色養。及居母憂，毁瘠過禮，累日不食，殆不勝喪。<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>謂曰：『聖人制禮，賢者俯就，不賢者企及。且毁不滅性，尚出儒宗。況佛有至言：欲報生恩，近則時奉顔儀，使物生悦；遠則啓發菩提，以道神識。』又云：『恩愛重賊不可寬放。寬放此者，及所親愛，墮於惡道。唯有智者，以方便力，善能治制。則惠兼存没，入諸善趣矣。宜思遠理，使有成津。何可恣情同於細近耶？』<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>乃割裂哀情，微進飲粥。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00671','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P671</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4086" id="4090">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">燈明佛</span>：俱名<span class="zhuanming">日月燈明佛</span>。其光明在天如日月，在地如燈，故名。於過去世出，如今之<span class="zhuanming">釋迦佛</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法雲傳</span>：「初<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>年在息慈，雅尚經術，於<span class="shuming">妙法華</span>研精累思，品酌理義，始末照覽，乃往幽岩，獨講斯典。豎石爲人，松葉爲拂，自唱自導，兼通難解。所以垂名<span class="zhuanming">梁代</span>，誠績有聞。而文疏稠疊，前後繁映，致依講誦，有阻恒功。嘗於一寺講散此經，忽感天華狀如飛雪，滿空而下，延於堂内。升空不墜，訖講方去。有<span class="zhuanming">保志</span>神僧，道超方外，罕有得其情者，與<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>互相敬愛，呼爲<span class="zhuanming">大林法師</span>。每來<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>所，輒停住信宿。嘗言：『欲解師子吼，請法師爲説。』即爲剖析，<span class="zhuanming">志</span>便彈指讚曰：『善哉，微妙微妙矣！』儀同<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">袁昂</span>云：『有常供養僧，學<span class="zhuanming">雲</span><span class="shuming">法華</span>，日夜發願，望得慧解等之。忽夢有異僧曰：<span class="zhuanming">雲法師</span><span class="zhuanming">燈明佛</span>時已講此經，那可卒敵也！』」</span> </p><p> <span>今法門之季，人向其意，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">各趣向己意也。</span> <span>前哲遺列，後生何顧？背德向利，易進難退。恒覘常住<a class="zhuhao" href="#4096" id="4091">〔一〕</a>，若膏腴則賂求其司。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">覘，竊視也。用財求主務也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【列】位序也，陳布也。【覘】丑豔切，窺視也。</span> <span>既得之，握彼公符，暢乎有位，遂致專蒙造次，不肅僧命<a class="zhuhao" href="#4097" id="4092">〔二〕</a>，紊六和之秩，夷九仞之功<a class="zhuhao" href="#4098" id="4093">〔三〕</a>，洎儲廪空虚，田蕪已緑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此明將常住﹑寺務勾當<a class="zhuhao" href="#4099" id="4094">〔四〕</a>，翻致破，使莊田荒廢，便則謀求退免也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【公符】官之札付也。【專蒙】執愚也。【造次】急遽也。<span class="shuming">語</span>云：造次必于是。【肅】敬也。【秩】次序也。【夷】滅也，平也。【仞】七尺爲仞。<span class="shuming">書</span>云：爲山九仞，功虧一簣。<span class="shuming">録</span>意云前人已成九仞之功，後來者不能維績，烏乎！豈住持之道也。【儲廪】上音除，粮也；下力稔切，倉有屋曰廪。【蕪】荒也。</span> <span>或則謀老，或則辭疾。府寺曾不察其殿最<a class="zhuhao" href="#4100" id="4095">〔五〕</a>，省其姦直，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">漢書音義</span>云：「上功曰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00672','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P672</span></i>最，下功曰殿。」姦，邪也。直，正也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【府寺】三公之所居謂之府，九卿之所居謂之寺。【殿最】上都甸切，下功曰殿；下祖外切，上功曰最。</span> <span>遽則遂其背就，致使狡夫得計，甚矣！且彼之菆爾也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">菆爾，小輩也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕞爾】上音最，小皃。諸菆字，悮。</span> <span>處俗猶俟乎人治，豈服緇則能爲物致治乎？但府寺始以貨選，而彼負罪，亦終以貨免。或衆所不蔽，稱其罪以告，而訊獄者，且頗反陷於告者于理也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蔽，蓋也。頗，偏也。初求主持，以財而求之。及侵使後，以財而求免。或爲僧訟之於官，官亦以情倖反加罪於告者，此皆公中長惡然也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【猶俟】可待也。【選】以才取人於財有難者。典<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：臨財無苟得，臨難無苟免。言苟得傷廉，苟免傷義。【蔽】掩也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4091" id="4096">〔一〕</a>常住：常住物。寺院的公有財産。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4092" id="4097">〔二〕</a>公符：官方的憑證。　有位：居官。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">微子</span>：「乃罔畏畏，咈其耇長，舊有位人。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「違戾其耇老之長與舊有爵位致仕之賢人。」　專蒙：固陋愚昧。　造次：草率，隨便。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">里仁</span>：「君子無終食之間違仁。造次必於是，顛沛必於是。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">馬融</span>曰：「造次，急遽也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>曰：「造次猶言草次。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>云：倉卒也。皆迫促（不）暇之意。」　不肅：不嚴肅。<span class="shuming">孝經</span><span class="shuming">三才章</span>：「是以其教不肅而成，其政不嚴而治。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4093" id="4098">〔三〕</a>六和：謂身和（共住）﹑口和（無諍）﹑意和（同事）﹑戒和（同修）﹑見和（同解）﹑利和（同均）。　九仞：形容極高。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4094" id="4099">〔四〕</a>勾當：辦理，掌管。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00673','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P673</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4095" id="4100">〔五〕</a>殿最：猶云優劣。古代官吏考績之法，下等稱爲「殿」，上等稱爲「最」。<span class="shuming">春秋繁露</span>卷七<span class="shuming">考功名</span>：「考試之法……爲弟九分，三三列之，亦有上中下。以一爲最，五爲中，九爲殿。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">宣帝紀</span>：「其令郡國歲上繫囚以掠笞若瘐死者所坐名﹑縣﹑爵﹑里，丞相御史課殿最以聞。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「凡言殿最者：殿，後也，課居後也；最，凡要之首也，課居先也。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四五<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">答賓戲</span>：「雖馳辯如濤波，摛藻如春華，猶無益於殿最也。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="shuming">漢書音義</span>：「上功曰最，下功曰殿。」</span> </p><p> <span>嘗未諭於府邑，既籍其田業，列爲庭旅，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">諭，曉也。籍，借也。古十一而税，民耕十畝之田，公借其力耕一畝，爲貢賦。庭實旅百<a class="zhuhao" href="#4107" id="4101">〔一〕</a>，則進貢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘗未諭於府邑】嘗，曾也。未，不也。諭，諫曉也。僧雖訟事府邑之官，因賂，故終不明白諭曉其事。此句連上句。【籍】音寂，簿也。民田係籍者，國取其税爲庭旅。【庭旅】廣庭也。旅，衆也。謂衆物實滿玉堂也。【耤借也】<span class="shuming">録</span>耤字，簿也。<span class="shuming">耤田賦</span>是耤字，借字也，借人力理田，以奉宗廟。韻是耤字，借也。<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：帝借千畝也，古者使民如借。古民如借，故謂之耤。字難訓，借字也。</span> <span>或以方外期之，或以飛行視之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4108" id="4102">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">公府顧僧侣，或謂方外出俗之士，或謂神仙高士相顧也，則宜選賢任能也。</span> <span>致於政化之外，莫有選賢勸能，俾其維葺。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋以公府以物外之人而不治之也。</span> <span>是使福門隕墜，人神太息，得非有土而漏其威惠耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#4109" id="4103">〔三〕</a>？庶緇之獄，繩乎公府，衆首罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">衆僧有罪，令公府正之，是僧之罪也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庶緇】衆僧也。【繩乎公府】自不能正曲直，詣官判之也。</span> <span>衆首務理，豪勢沮之，俗官之罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧田無故爲公家侵撓，官人過也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【侵撓】呼條切，亂也，懼也。</span> <span>有二罪而不討亂，何有止焉？</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00674','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P674</span></i><p> <span>或有假<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之官籍，規僧田之法蔭，勞務所及，雀躍掉頭<a class="zhuhao" href="#4110" id="4104">〔四〕</a>，以爲寧居逸體，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或主持院舍，或管領莊田。減刻衆僧，侵損常住。結託州縣，依附形勢。峻設隄防，使論訟者莫得其勝，然後嚴潔鞍乘，華麗僮僕，雀躍掉頭，深爲得意也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【規】模也。知事者也。【雀躍掉頭】<span class="shuming">莊</span>云：鴻蒙拊髀，雀躍掉頭。是縱性逸游之皃。</span> <span>得志遂性，其在我而已。寺有損益，不驅不馳。寺有貨植，不躬不親<a class="zhuhao" href="#4111" id="4105">〔五〕</a>。寺有鍾磬，不考不擊。寺有庭户，不掃不灑。於財與難，但苟而已矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但苟且而已。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鍾】宜鐘字也。【不考不擊】考，擊也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：拂皷弗考。文中八箇不字，皆音弗也。</span> <span>此乃法族之懸疣，人流之駢指也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4112" id="4106">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五指更生一指，謂之駢指，無用也。今以此喻之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懸疣】懸，垂也。疣，結病也。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云：附贅懸疣。【駢指】上部田切，兩指並生曰駢指。注云：五指更生一指。此云枝，不名駢指。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云駢母﹑枝指是也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4101" id="4107">〔一〕</a>庭實：陳列於朝堂的貢獻物品。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">公食大夫禮</span>：「庶羞陳于碑内，庭實陳于碑外。」<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四○下<span class="shuming">班固傳</span>：「於是庭實千品，旨酒萬鍾。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「庭實，貢獻之物也。」　旅百：形容陳列之物衆多。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十四年</span>：「臣聞小國之免於大國也，聘而獻物，於是有庭實旅百。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「旅，陳也。百，言物備也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4102" id="4108">〔二〕</a>方外：世俗之外。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「彼遊方之外者也，而<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>遊方之内者也。」　飛行：指神仙。<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇</span><span class="shuming">對俗</span>：「古之得仙者，或身生羽翼，變化飛行，失人之本。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4103" id="4109">〔三〕</a>有土：指有土地之君或有封地之臣。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00675','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P675</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4104" id="4110">〔四〕</a>雀躍：如雀之跳躍。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">在宥</span>：「鴻蒙方將拊脾雀躍而遊。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「雀躍，跳躍也。」　掉頭：摇頭。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">在宥</span>：「鴻蒙拊髀雀躍掉頭曰：『吾弗知！吾弗知！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4105" id="4111">〔五〕</a>貨植：即貨殖，謂經商營利。　躬親：親自。語本<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">節南山</span>：「弗躬弗親，庶民弗信。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4106" id="4112">〔六〕</a>懸疣：贅疣，比喻累贅無用之物。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「彼以生爲附贅縣疣，以死爲决疣潰癰，夫若然者，又惡知死生先後之所在！」　駢指：駢拇﹑枝指。駢母，脚上的拇指與第二趾合成一趾；枝指，手上大拇指旁多生一指。比喻多餘的﹑無用的東西。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">駢拇</span>：「駢拇枝指，出乎性哉，而侈於德。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏曰：「駢，合也；拇，足大指也；謂足大拇指與第二指相連，合爲一指也。枝指者，謂手大拇指傍枝生一指，成六指也。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫出家者，務以行其法而爲形容，不以謀其利而爲形容<a class="zhuhao" href="#4117" id="4113">〔一〕</a>，故能隨時高下，所在益物。如南薰而和萬品<a class="zhuhao" href="#4118" id="4114">〔二〕</a>，如蒼精之福一方。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">角宿曰壽星，亦曰老人星，乃蒼龍之精，見則爲福。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【南薰】<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>作五絃之琴以歌：南風之薰兮，可以解吾者之愠兮。凱風也。【蒼精】注云角宿，厄位列宿也。有云歲星，東方行星也，未知孰是。</span> <span>何但氣遏飄風<a class="zhuhao" href="#4119" id="4115">〔三〕</a>，力制奔馬，勇於安己，廉於取善耶？故中人慕下，浸而成俗，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">習以成性故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【氣遏飄風】夫兵有三勢：一曰氣勢，二曰地勢，三曰國勢。若將勇輕敵，士卒勢戰，三軍之衆志厲青雲，氣等飄風<a class="zhuhao" href="#4120" id="4116">〔四〕</a>，聲如雷霆，此所謂氣勢者也。豈服緇者宜如是哉？遏，遮止也。【廉】斂也。斂手不取曰廉。【浸】子鴆切，潤也，漸漬也。</span> <span>使匡弘統理者，終鮮其人矣。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00676','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P676</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4113" id="4117">〔一〕</a>形容：指盛德的表現。<span class="shuming">詩大序</span>：「頌者，美盛德之形容。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4114" id="4118">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷八<span class="shuming">辨樂解</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>彈五弦之琴，造<span class="shuming">南風</span>之詩。其詩曰：南風之薰兮，可以解吾民之愠兮；南風之時兮，可以阜吾民之財兮。』」　萬品：猶萬物。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4115" id="4119">〔三〕</a>飄風：旋風；暴風。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">卷阿</span>：「有卷者阿，飄風自南。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「飄風，迴風也。」<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">何人斯</span>：「彼何人斯，其爲飄風。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「飄風，暴起之風。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4116" id="4120">〔四〕</a>風：原無，據文意補。</span> </p><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>之末，何至皆誅？靡不化爲惡也。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之際，何至皆封？靡不化爲善也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>之民比屋可誅，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之民比屋可封<a class="zhuhao" href="#4126" id="4121">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【比】音匕，並也。【誅】責也。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>：罪及餘曰誅也。【夏殷之末】<span class="shuming">大學</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>率天下以仁而民從之，<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>率天下以暴而民從之，其所令反其所好而民不從之。</span> <span>今大法將墜，吾黨從媮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">媮，薄也。又，苟且也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【今大法將墜】<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>既殁，世數相去，茫然久乎。吾人徼倖，乃以等全用輔教，徧易知也。【媮】音偷，薄也。</span> <span>靡不化爲不肖耳。其或方將就夫教源，剗鑿其弊，疏流導波，造舟爲梁<a class="zhuhao" href="#4127" id="4122">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">造舟，維舟爲橋也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【剗】初眼切，削也。【疏流導波】<span class="shuming">禹貢</span>云：導<span class="zhuanming">沇</span>水，東流爲<span class="zhuanming">濟</span>。導<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>於<span class="zhuanming">熊耳</span>是也。【造舟爲梁】造，謍也，並也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：造舟爲梁。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>親迎詩云。</span> <span>復<span class="zhuanming">支</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">賈</span>之綱紐，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">賈</span>，<span class="zhuanming">惠遠</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【支】<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>。【賈】音假，<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><span class="zhuanming">遠法師</span>姓也。</span> <span>追<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">約</span>之礎構，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">惠約</span>之徒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【構】架梁曰構。【惠約】<span class="zhuanming">草堂寺</span>主。</span> <span>固亦非今之所尚也。或有業行薄崇，器望微彰，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若今負一經一論之徒，或吟味藴識之子等。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00677','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P677</span></i> <span>裒其有利則無所謝，於衆務則曰妨道，去維持之意，驟作辭于飾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">必爲之辭，以求苟免<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【裒】薄侯切，聚也。【謝】愧也。</span> <span>此乃族庖之折刃，未得良庖之投刃也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4128" id="4123">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span>：族庖初學解牛，必折其刃。若良庖，目無全牛，曰投刃，無所損也。</span> <span>君子不器，此器者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4129" id="4124">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不方圓也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【君子不器】方圓任物。</span> <span>上善若水，此不若水者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4130" id="4125">〔五〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4121" id="4126">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐堯</span>與<span class="zhuanming">虞舜</span>。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之際，於斯爲盛。」<span class="zhuanming">陸賈</span><span class="shuming">新語</span>卷上<span class="shuming">無爲</span>：「故<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之民，可比屋而封；<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>之民，可比屋而誅。何者？化使其然也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4122" id="4127">〔二〕</a>剗：剷除，滅除。　鑿：挖掘，開鑿。　造舟：並舟，把船靠在一起。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">大明</span>：「造舟爲梁，不顯其光。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「造，作；梁，橋也。作船於水，比之而加版於其上，以通行者，即今之浮橋也。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷三<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span><span class="shuming">東京賦</span>：「造舟清池，惟水泱泱。」<span class="zhuanming">薛綜</span>注：「造舟，以舟相比次爲橋也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4123" id="4128">〔三〕</a>族庖：衆庖。指一般的廚師。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">養生主</span>：「良庖歲更刀，割也；族庖月更刀，折也；今臣之刀十九年矣，所解數千牛矣，而刀刃若新發於硎。彼節者有閒，而刀刃者無厚；以無厚入有閒，恢恢乎其於遊刃必有餘地矣！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4124" id="4129">〔四〕</a>不器：不像器皿一般。意謂用途不局限於一個方面。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「君子不器。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">包咸</span>曰：「器者各周其用，至於君子，無所不施。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記</span>：「大道不器。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「謂聖人之道，不如器施於一物。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4125" id="4130">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「上善若水。水善利萬物而不争。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00678','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P678</span></i><p> <span>夫學道者，先乎行，後其守<a class="zhuhao" href="#4136" id="4131">〔一〕</a>，行礙乃守，守通則行。當行而守，是謂矯。竊夫庶官爲理，知賢授材，省謗申冤，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">得人則省謗，無滯則申冤。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【知賢】不知賢則亂，知而不用﹑用而不任﹑任而不信亦亂也。【授材】舉能授事也。【省謗】察己之罪也。【申冤】理民之屈。</span> <span>去苛務惠，此六者，濟生民之至矣。而師表法望，鎮重方隅<a class="zhuhao" href="#4137" id="4132">〔二〕</a>，何莫於其徒若是焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【去苛】去苛政煩也。下音何。【務惠】輕斂重施。【何莫於其徒若是焉】莫，不也。徒，侣也。若，如也。是，此也。何不於其緇侣行如此六事也。</span> <span>至若結攬賢能，分勞析司，不潤於身，不虐於衆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【結攬賢能】結，交也。攬，取也，納也。交賢取能，是知賢也。【分勞析司】是授才也。【不潤於身】是省謗也。【不虐於衆】是申冤也。</span> <span>總百過歸于己，推衆善歸于他，恩先于有功，後施于平民，令行于所親，後及於所踈，心夷愛憎，事均榮醜，泛逸乎若不繫之舟，逍遥乎若遨若遊，安得不爲道哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4138" id="4133">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【「總百」至「於他」】去苟也。【「恩先」至「所踈」】務惠也。【「心夷」至「榮醜」】夷，平也。醜，辱也。此總通六事也。【不繫之舟】<span class="shuming">莊</span>云：巧者勞，智者憂。無能者無所求，飽食而遨遊，泛若不繫之舟，虚而遨遊者也。【逍遥】數事不拘礙也。【遨】五勞切。【遊】優遊也。優哉遊哉，聊以卒歲。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">殷</span>大夫﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>柱史﹑<span class="zhuanming">漆</span>園吏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">彭祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>也。</span> <span>皆禄位之士也，在濁若珠投於水，履寵若風過于草，何嘗以外事而汩於道德乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">和其光而同其塵也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【汩】音骨，没也。【和其光】<span class="shuming">道經</span>云：挫其鋭，解其紛，和其光，同其塵也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">孔薎</span>爲邑，怨乎三失；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔薎</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>兄之子也，與<span class="zhuanming">子賤</span>俱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00679','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P679</span></i>事<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>過<span class="zhuanming">薎</span>而問之：「汝仕，何得何亡？」曰：「未有所得，所亡者三：王事若聾，學焉得習？是學不明也；俸禄少，饘粥不及親戚，是骨肉益疏也；公事多急，不得吊喪問疾，是朋友之道闕也。有此三失。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孔薎】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>族也。【俱事孔子】應云<span class="zhuanming">孔薎</span>與<span class="zhuanming">子賤</span>皆事<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">賤</span>，已<span class="zhuanming">薎</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">密子賤</span>爲邑，喜於三得<a class="zhuhao" href="#4139" id="4134">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">密</span>不齊也。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>往問之，曰：「所得者三也。始言之，今得而行之，是學益明也；俸禄所供，被及親戚，骨肉益親也；雖有公事，而兼以吊喪問疾，是朋友信篤也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>喟然歎曰：「君子哉，若人！<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>無君子者，斯焉取斯也？」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喟】大息也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">密</span>爲君子，非<span class="zhuanming">薎</span>之有也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4140" id="4135">〔五〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4131" id="4136">〔一〕</a>守：操守，節操。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4132" id="4137">〔二〕</a>鎮重：指威重有權威的人。　方隅：四方和四隅。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4133" id="4138">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">列禦寇</span>：「巧者勞而智者憂，無能者無所求，飽食而遨遊，泛若不繫之舟，虚而遨遊者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4134" id="4139">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">密子賤</span>：<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子，<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>時任<span class="zhuanming">單父</span>宰，爲政三年，<span class="zhuanming">單父</span>大治。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">滑稽列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子産</span>治<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>，民不能欺；<span class="zhuanming">子賤</span>治<span class="zhuanming">單父</span>，民不忍欺；<span class="zhuanming">西門豹</span>治<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，民不敢欺。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4135" id="4140">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">政理</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子有<span class="zhuanming">孔薎</span>者，與<span class="zhuanming">宓子賤</span>皆仕，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>往過<span class="zhuanming">孔薎</span>，問之曰：『自子之仕者，何得﹑何亡？』<span class="zhuanming">孔薎</span>曰：『自吾仕者，未有所得，而有所亡者三，曰：王事若襲，學焉得習，以是學不得明也，所亡者一也；奉禄少，鬻鬻不足及親戚，親戚益疏矣，所亡者二也；公事多急，不得弔死視病，是以朋友益疏矣，所亡者三也。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>不説，而復往見<span class="zhuanming">子賤</span>曰：『自子之仕，何得﹑何亡也？』<span class="zhuanming">子賤</span>曰：『自吾之仕，未有所亡而所得者三：始誦之文，今履而行之，是學日益明也，所得者一也；奉禄雖少，鬻<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00680','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P680</span></i>鬻得及親戚，是以親戚益親也，所得者二也；公事雖急，夜勤弔死視病，是以朋友益親也，所得者三也。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">子賤</span>曰：『君子哉若人！君子哉若人！<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>無君子也，斯焉取斯？』」</span> </p><p> <span>悲夫！有累之質，百年人世，在凡籍乎官寺，在聖隸乎仙寺。居官寺者，寧辭以人事處之耶？其有仙寺，而莫吾能適也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">邛州</span><span class="zhuanming">大邑縣</span><span class="zhuanming">霧中山</span>，有五百羅漢居，<span class="zhuanming">三學山</span><span class="zhuanming">聖燈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">峨眉山</span><span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>等。又如<span class="shuming">感通傳</span>有僧<span class="zhuanming">亡名</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">竹林仙寺</span>等皆是。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【累】去呼，形累也。有身則苦生。<span class="shuming">老子</span>云：吾有大患等。【隸】司也。【適】往也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">竺曇猷</span>造<span class="zhuanming">天台</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4150" id="4141">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">赤城</span><span class="zhuanming">圓通</span>往<span class="zhuanming">鄴東</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4151" id="4142">〔二〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">石鼓</span><span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>寓宿巖室<a class="zhuhao" href="#4152" id="4143">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆仙寺也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【竺曇猷】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">始豐</span><span class="zhuanming">赤城</span>高僧。【造】至也。【赤城】然<span class="zhuanming">赤城</span>與<span class="zhuanming">天台山</span>異。【天台山】<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">天台山賦</span>序云<a class="zhuhao" href="#4153" id="4144">〔四〕</a>：<span class="zhuanming">天台山</span>者，盡山嶽之神秀也。涉海則有<span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>，登陸則有<span class="zhuanming">四明</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>，皆聖賢之所遊化，靈仙之窟宅。夫峻極之狀，嘉祥之美，窮山海之瓌富，盡人神之壯麗矣。所以不列於五嶽，闕載於常典者，以所立冥奥，其路幽迥，或倒影於重冥，或匿峰於千嶺，始經魑魅之途，卒踐無人之境。舉世罕能登涉，王者莫由禋祀。故事絶于常篇，名標于奇絶。然圖像之興，豈虚也哉！非夫遺世翫道，絶粮如芝者，焉能輕舉而宅之？非夫遠寄搜冥，篤信通神者，焉肯逍遥而存之？賦成，<span class="zhuanming">范榮期</span>曰：此賦擲地必爲金聲者也。【圓通】<span class="zhuanming">高齊</span>時高僧。【鄴東石鼓】今<span class="zhuanming">鄴東山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>西北七十餘里，屬<span class="zhuanming">陰界</span>。云<span class="zhuanming">鄴東</span>者，悮。【惠寶】<span class="zhuanming">高齊</span>時高僧。</span> <span>莫不有師長，有威儀，將欲寄形，彼不我留。故人間往往聞絶壁深林﹑鍾聲梵響﹑神燈奇像者，斯可徵也。是以僧居每於説戒﹑解夏日不得不清嚴法宇，整衆翼翼<a class="zhuhao" href="#4154" id="4145">〔五〕</a>，儼若在乎聖人之前。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徵】祥也。【翼】敬也，美也。【儼】莊敬也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">入<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00681','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P681</span></i>大乘論</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">羅睺羅</span>等一十六人大阿羅漢，恭承遺顧<a class="zhuhao" href="#4155" id="4146">〔六〕</a>，遊行人里。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛滅後，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span><span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span><span class="zhuanming">難提蜜多羅尊者</span>，爲之舉出十六大阿羅漢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【入大乘論】二卷，<span class="zhuanming">堅意菩薩</span>造。【罽賓國】此悮。<span class="shuming">法住記</span>云：執<span class="zhuanming">獅子國</span><span class="zhuanming">勝軍王</span>都，有尊者<span class="zhuanming">難提蜜多羅罽賓國</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">慶友</span>也。</span> <span>近世<span class="zhuanming">梓潼郡</span>有大長老律師<span class="zhuanming">胡氏</span>，亦感通之流也。郡南鄙有<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>領徒而夏安居，説戒夜人數則定，籌數每過，衆莫識其然。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧每以十五日夜及月盡夜，令一人誦戒經，必行籌<a class="zhuhao" href="#4156" id="4147">〔七〕</a>。先數僧有幾人，沙彌幾人，令知籌數多少。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【梓潼郡】上音子，中音同。<span class="zhuanming">潼</span>，水名，<span class="zhuanming">廣漢</span><span class="zhuanming">梓潼郡</span>北界南入<span class="zhuanming">墊河</span>。<span class="shuming">唐郡名圖</span>云<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梓潼郡</span>也。【南鄙】南邊也。【籌數】以籌括數。</span> <span>夏既末，有二三胡沙門，出山至路隅，與穡人揮手相别，律師聞而奔走，其徒四騁，挍其去則不遠，然而莫得見之矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揮】動也。</span> <span>夫聖人之心自我人心，鬼神之靈自我人靈。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至誠感於神明也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【自】在也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧璿</span>患講居無水，將徙其屬，山神謂之吐溜<a class="zhuhao" href="#4157" id="4148">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>無水，有僧<span class="zhuanming">神曉</span>，念<span class="shuming">金剛經</span>，期以七日。至期，果獲迸泉出，今見在。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慧璿】下仍宣切，高僧也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧範</span>説戒夜寓宿他寺，觀豎義者廢其事，靈祇怒而仆之，斯誠與誷不可僭矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4158" id="4149">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僧範】高僧也。自幼學群書，七曜﹑九章﹑佛法等事，無不通曉。善惡喜怒，不形于色。洗浄奉禁，始終如一。而留意<span class="shuming">華嚴</span>，以爲來報之業有時。嘗宿化寺，是説戒夜，神欲聞戒。有僧昇座，將欲豎義，乃曰：豎論法相，深會聖旨。何須布薩？僧嘗聞。忽見一神，形高丈餘，皃甚雄俊，問豎義者曰：今是何日？答曰：是布薩日。神即以手撮曳之于座下，委顿<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00682','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P682</span></i>垂死。次問上座，撮曳如前。由是<span class="zhuanming">僧範</span>自勵至竟，終不説欲也。【仆】音赴，顿也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4141" id="4150">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">竺曇猷傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺曇猷</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">法猷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">赤城山</span>山有孤巖獨立，秀出千雲。<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>摶石作梯，升巖宴坐，接竹傳水，以供常用。禪學造者，十有餘人。<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>聞而故往，仰峰高挹，致敬而反。<span class="zhuanming">赤城巖</span>與<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>瀑布﹑<span class="zhuanming">靈溪</span><span class="zhuanming">四明</span>並相連屬。而<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>懸崖峻峙，峰嶺切天，古老相傳云：上有佳精舍，得道者居之。雖有石橋跨澗，而横石斷人，且莓苔青滑，自終古以來，無得至者。<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>行至橋所，聞空中聲曰：『知君誠篤，今未得度，卻後十年，自當來也。』<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>心悵然，夕留中宿，聞行道唱薩之聲。旦復欲前，見一人鬚眉皓白，問<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>所之，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>具答意。公曰：『君生死身，何可得去？吾是山神，故相告耳。』<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>乃退還。道經一石室，過中憩息。俄而雲霧晦合，室中盡鳴，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>神色無擾。明旦，見人著單衣袷來，曰：『此乃僕之所居，昨行不在家中，遂致搔動，大深愧怍。』<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>曰：『若是君室，請以相還。』神曰：『僕家室已移，請留令住。』<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>停少時。<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>每恨不得度石橋，後潔齋累日，復欲更往，見横石洞開。度橋少許，覩精舍神僧，果如前所説。因共燒香中食，食畢，神僧謂<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>曰：『卻後十年，自當來此，今未得住。』於是而返。顧看横石，還合如初。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4142" id="4151">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二六：「<span class="zhuanming">釋圓通</span>，不知氏族。少出家，泛愛通博，以温敏見稱。住<span class="zhuanming">鄴都</span><span class="zhuanming">大莊嚴寺</span>。……<span class="zhuanming">通</span>時爾夏，預居石窟，意訪竹林。乃大集客主，問寺所在。衆皆大笑誡<span class="zhuanming">通</span>：『勿傳此妖言，竹林竟無適，莫乃流俗之恒傳耳。』<span class="zhuanming">通</span>惟客僧見投，非常款遇，言及斯事，計非虚指，衆亦異焉，乃各齎香花，與<span class="zhuanming">通</span>俱行。……獨不逐<span class="zhuanming">通</span>，語<span class="zhuanming">通</span>曰：『是爾幹健不返，放使入山餧虎。』<span class="zhuanming">通</span>即東出數里，值一曲澗，淺而森茂。尋澗又東，但聞南嶺上有諷詠之聲。<span class="zhuanming">通</span>問竹林所在，應聲答曰：『從何處來？豈非<span class="zhuanming">圓通法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00683','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P683</span></i>師</span>乎？』<span class="zhuanming">通</span>曰：『是矣。』遂披林踰險就<span class="zhuanming">通</span>，略叙離闊，喜滿言情，曰：『下山小寺，僧徒烏合，心性動止，多不稱具瞻。雖然已能降重，終須到寺。』相進數里，忽見雙闕高門，長廊復院，修竹干雲，青松蔽日。門外黑漆槽，長百餘尺，凡有十行。皆鋪首銜環，金銅綺飾，貯以粟豆，旁有馬跡而掃灑清浄。乃立<span class="zhuanming">通</span>門左告云：『須前咨大和上。』須臾引入，至講堂西軒廊下。和上坐高床。侍列童吏，五六十人，和上年可九十許，眉面峰秀，狀類<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧，憑案理文書，旁有過事者，<span class="zhuanming">通</span>禮謁卻立。和上命曰：『既住官寺，厚供難捨。何能自屈？此寺誠無可觀。』<span class="zhuanming">通</span>具述意故，乃令安置。將<span class="zhuanming">通</span>巡房禮訊，見兩房僧各坐寶帳。交絡衆飾，映奪日光。語引僧云：『彼是何人，輒敢來入？』振手遣去。僧有慚色，顧謂<span class="zhuanming">通</span>曰：『情意不同，令人阻望。且就小僧住房，可以消息。』乃將入室，具叙昔緣，並設中食，食如<span class="zhuanming">鄴中</span>常味。食後引觀，圖像莊嚴，園池臺閣。周遊歷覽，不可得遍。<span class="zhuanming">通</span>因自陳曰：『儻得廁跡風塵，常供掃灑，生願畢矣。』僧曰：『相逢即以爲意，但須咨和上，未知果不。』夜與<span class="zhuanming">通</span>宿，曉爲咨白。和上曰：『甚知來意。不惜一房。凡受官請，爲報不淺。依如僧法，不得兩處生名。今且還去，除官名訖，來必相容，勿以爲恨。』即遣送出，至馬槽側，顧慕流淚，自傷罪重，不蒙留住，執僧手别。西行百步，迴望猶見門闕儼然。步步返望，更行數里許，欻見峰崿巉岩，非復寺宇。悵望尋路。行達開荒之地，了無蹤緒，但有榛木耳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4143" id="4152">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二六：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧寶</span>，氏族未詳。誦經二百餘卷，德優先達，時共知名。以<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">武平</span>三年，從並向<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，行達<span class="zhuanming">艾陵川</span>，失道，尋徑入山。暮宿岩下，室似人居，迥無所見。<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>端坐室前，上觀松樹，見有横枝懸磬，去地丈餘。夜至二更，有人身服草衣，自外而至，口云：『此中何爲有俗氣？』<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>即具述<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00684','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P684</span></i>設敬，與共言議。問<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>：『即今何姓統國？』答曰：『姓<span class="zhuanming">高氏</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>問曰：『尊師山居早晚？』曰：『<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>時來。』『長老得何經業？』<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>恃己誦博，頗以自矜。山僧曰：『修道者未應如此，欲聞何經爲誦之？』<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>曰：『樂聞<span class="shuming">花嚴</span>。』僧即少時，誦之便度，聲韻諧暢，非世所聞。更令誦餘，率皆如此。<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>驚歎曰：『何因大部經文，倏然即度？』報曰：『汝是有作心，我是無作心。夫忘懷於萬物者，彼我自得矣。』<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>知爲神異也，求哀乞住。山僧曰：『國中利養召汝，何能自安？且汝情累未遣，住亦無補。』至曉便捨去，<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>遂返尋行跡，達<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>叙之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4144" id="4153">〔四〕</a>序云：原倒作「云序」，據文意乙。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4145" id="4154">〔五〕</a>説戒：每月月半﹑月底集合衆僧講説戒律。犯有過失者，亦在此時懺悔。　解夏：謂僧尼一夏九旬安居期滿而散去。<span class="zhuanming">宗懔</span><span class="shuming">荆楚歲時記</span>：「夏乃長養之節，在外行則恐傷草木蟲類，故九十日安居。……至七月十五日，應禪寺掛搭，僧尼盡皆散去，謂之解夏。」參「安居」注。　翼翼：恭敬謹慎貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">大明</span>：「惟此<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，小心翼翼。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「小心翼翼，恭慎貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4146" id="4155">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>：全稱<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧跋羅墮闍</span>，又作<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧頗羅墮誓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧突羅闍</span>。爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>弟子，十六羅漢之一。永住於世，現白頭長眉之相。又稱<span class="zhuanming">住世阿羅漢</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">羅睺羅</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>嫡子。據<span class="shuming">未曾有因緣經</span>卷上，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道後六年始還<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛城</span>，令十五歲的<span class="zhuanming">羅睺羅</span>出家受戒，以<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>爲和尚﹑<span class="zhuanming">目犍連</span>爲阿闍梨，此即佛教有沙彌之始。精進修道，得阿羅漢果。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>十大弟子中，密行第一。　阿羅漢：意譯無學，謂其生死已盡，無法可學；又云無生，謂其斷了見思煩惱，無復三界受生；又云應供，謂其應受人間天上供養；又云殺賊，謂其能殺煩惱之賊。以其皆具三明六通無量功德，故稱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00685','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P685</span></i>爲大。　遺顧：遺詔。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4147" id="4156">〔七〕</a>行籌：一種計數的方式。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷七<span class="shuming">犍椎道具篇</span>：「舍羅，四分，此云籌。五分籌極短並五指，極長拳一肘，極麤不過小指，極細不得減箸。<span class="shuming">十誦</span>云：爲檀越問，僧不知數，佛令行籌。不知沙彌數，行籌數之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4148" id="4157">〔八〕</a>吐溜：湧出水流。　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">釋慧璿傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧璿</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">董氏</span>，少出家在<span class="zhuanming">襄州</span>。……初住<span class="zhuanming">光福寺</span>，居山頂，引汲爲勞，將移他寺，夜見神人，身長一丈，衣以紫袍，頂禮<span class="zhuanming">璿</span>曰：『奉請住此，常講大乘，勿以小乘爲慮。其小乘者，亦如高山無水，不能利人。大乘經者，猶如大海，自止此山，多佛出世。一人讀誦講説大乘，能令所住珍寶光明，眷屬榮勝，飲食豐饒。若有小乘，前事並失，惟願弘持，勿孤所望。法師須水，此易得耳，來月八日，定當得之。自往<span class="zhuanming">劍南</span><span class="zhuanming">慈母山</span>大泉，請一龍王去也。』言已不見。恰至來期七日初夜，大風卒起，從西南來，雷震雨注，在寺北<span class="zhuanming">漢高廟</span>下佛堂後百步許，通夜相續，至明方住。惟見清泉，香而且美，合衆同幸。及亡，龍泉漸便乾竭，據斯以言，亦感通之奇致矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4149" id="4158">〔九〕</a>豎義：又作豎議﹑立義。於論議會中，就所定之論題而立義。　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">僧範傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧範</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">平鄉</span>人也。幼遊學群書，年二十三，備通流略。至於七曜﹑九章，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>咒術，咨無再悟。……嘗宿他寺，意欲聞戒。有僧升座，將欲豎義，乃曰：『豎論法相，深會聖言，何勞布薩，僧常聞耳。』忽見一神，形高丈餘，貌甚雄峻，來到座前，問豎義者：『今是何日？』答曰：『是布薩日。』神即以手拓之曳於座下，委頓垂死。次問上座，拓曳同前。由是自勵。至終，僧事私緣，竟無説欲。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00686','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P686</span></i>乃至疾重，舁而就僧。將終之日，延像入房。下床跪地，惟悔宿觸而已。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">慧超</span>爲大僧正，好山水。翼從之聲，聞于數里。居則羅列童僕，顧王侯之不若<a class="zhuhao" href="#4161" id="4159">〔一〕</a>。彼豈爲僧正歟？夫僧正當正己以爲政，匪廉則何有於正乎？<span class="zhuanming">道達</span>之爲<span class="zhuanming">南兖州</span>僧正，罷任，唯五束故紙<a class="zhuhao" href="#4162" id="4160">〔二〕</a>。奚廉與濁之不相概也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">概，猶平也，平斗斛者。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翼從之聲聞於數里】山人恠視，惟見起身麛獵之徒，莫不自息。聲聞數里，傳意乃起，正獨尋山水，戒神護翼，聲或聞于人。<span class="shuming">録</span>斷其文，破之不當。【道達】<span class="shuming">法身傳</span>附見。【南兖州】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>制，<span class="zhuanming">南兖州</span>在<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4159" id="4161">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧超傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧超</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">廉氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙郡</span><span class="zhuanming">陽平</span>人。……帝又請于<span class="zhuanming">惠輪殿</span>講<span class="shuming">浄名經</span>，上臨聽覽。未啓<span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>，園接連南澗，因構起重房，若鱗相及，飛閣穹隆，高籠雲霧。通碧池以養魚蓮，構青山以棲羽族。列植竹果，四面成陰。木禽石獸，交横入出。又羅列童侍，雅勝王侯。剖决衆情，一時高望。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4160" id="4162">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法申傳</span>附<span class="shuming">道達傳</span>：「時復有<span class="zhuanming">道達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧命</span>，並以勤學顯名。<span class="zhuanming">達</span>姓<span class="zhuanming">裴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">聞喜</span>人，住<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span><span class="zhuanming">永福精舍</span>。少以孝行知名，拯濟危險，道閏江濆。<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>中，爲<span class="zhuanming">南兖州</span>僧正。在職廉潔，雅有治才。罷任之日，唯有紙故五束。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>不爲大會，謂門人弟子曰：「大會雖有一時起發之功，吾寡乏手力，米樵菜湯，踐蹈澆炙，傷害極衆。如假官力，使役雖衆，彌難盡意。故吾不爲也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4175" id="4163">〔一〕</a>議者曰：「静者善其動，動者善其静，是爲周濟之士<a class="zhuhao" href="#4176" id="4164">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">形躁好静，質柔愛剛之道也。又如以寬濟<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00687','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P687</span></i>猛之義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【以寬濟猛】<span class="zhuanming">鄭子産</span>教<span class="zhuanming">大叔</span>與政之辭。</span> <span>若静而行静，則庶心寂寞，德不光華<a class="zhuhao" href="#4177" id="4165">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其跡沉隱故也。</span> <span>若處動而逾動，則物理滋彰<a class="zhuhao" href="#4178" id="4166">〔四〕</a>，道德浮僞。故賢者履動静之間，適有無之外，揔萬善於無爲，無善不爲也。」夫<span class="zhuanming">大禹</span>卑宫室而盡力乎溝洫，菲飲食而致孝乎鬼神，豈好手足胼胝而脛胈無毛耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#4179" id="4167">〔五〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span>治水，腓無胈，脛無毛。<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>云：「胈，股上小毛也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【溝洫】上音鈎，下況逼切，方里爲井，井間有溝，溝廣深四尺。十里爲成，成間有洫，洫廣深八尺。【菲】薄也。【好】去呼，愛也。【胼胝】上音駢，下丁尼切，皮上堅厚也。【脛】胡定切，腓腸前骨也。【胈】音跋，股上小毛也。【腓】扶非切，脛腨也。【股】髀也。</span> <span>蓋不私其安而欲以功施天下也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4180" id="4168">〔六〕</a>。長者子<span class="zhuanming">善德</span>建大施會<a class="zhuhao" href="#4181" id="4169">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">維摩經</span>説也。</span> <span>聖人悦而教之，顯博施濟衆，福與心遠，其樂無窮也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4182" id="4170">〔八〕</a>。故<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>有鉢遮于瑟<a class="zhuhao" href="#4183" id="4171">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即大供會也。</span> <span>上智行之，積而能散，歸惠于我，歸財于人，陳錫載周<a class="zhuhao" href="#4184" id="4172">〔一○〕</a>，實則兼慶，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">陳桓子</span>豆區釜鍾，重施於民而皆周遍，終致有後於<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4185" id="4173">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【積而能散】<span class="shuming">曲禮</span>文。【陳錫載周】<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span>云：陳錫載周，能施也。此言<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>能布陳大利以賜天下，行之周遍也。【豆】四升爲豆。【區】音漚，受一斗六升。【釜】六斗四升爲釜。【鍾】六石四斗曰鍾。</span> <span>夫大士苟益於物，雖害於己，亦所不避，況匪害乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">菩薩修行，身爲肉山魚米，欲行大道，何視小徑？</span> <span>若以興功害物命，則幢塔泥木，儀像服饌，所出孰罪耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【幢】宅江切，幡幢也。或經云高幢寶幢者。今之寺名石幢，似塔而小者也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>乞食，觀空中虫，如彼駛雨，如器中粟，乃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00688','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P688</span></i>多日不食。<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>告言：「當以肉眼所見，固可食也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4186" id="4174">〔一二〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4163" id="4175">〔一〕</a>手力：人手，勞力。　官力：官府的勢力。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">僧旻傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧旻</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>，家於<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span>之<span class="zhuanming">富春</span>，<span class="zhuanming">有吴</span>開國大皇帝其先也。……弟子咨曰：『和上所修功德誠多，未始建大齋會，恐福事未圓。』<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>曰：『大齋乃有一時發起之益，吾寡乏人力，難得盡理。又且米菜醬酢，樵水湯灰，踐逾澆炙，信傷害微蟲，豈有數量。慮有此事，故不敢爲也。始復求寄王官，官府有勢之家，使役雖多，彌難盡意。近識觀之，藉此開悟。智者窺人，有求名之誚。要請法俗，侵星早到。若不專至，有乖素心。若現斯言，猶涉譏笑。故吾不爲也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4164" id="4176">〔二〕</a>周濟：弘濟，接濟。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4165" id="4177">〔三〕</a>光華：光輝照耀。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4166" id="4178">〔四〕</a>物理：事理。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4167" id="4179">〔五〕</a>胼胝：手掌脚底因長期勞動而生的繭子。　脛：小腿。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「以杖叩其脛。」<span class="zhuanming">皇侃</span><span class="shuming">義疏</span>：「脚脛也。膝上曰股，膝下曰脛。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">李斯列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>鑿<span class="zhuanming">龍門</span>，通<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>，疏九河，曲九防，决渟水致之海，而股無胈，脛無毛，手足胼胝，面目黎黑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4168" id="4180">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>，吾無間然矣。菲飲食而致孝乎鬼神，惡衣服而致美乎黻冕，卑宫室而盡力乎溝洫；<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>，吾無間然矣。』」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>疏：「菲，薄也。薄己飲食，致孝鬼神，令祭祀之物豐多絜静也。」「溝洫，田間通水之道也。言<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>卑下所居之宫室，而盡力以治田間之溝洫也。以常人之情，飲食務於肥濃，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>則淡薄之；衣服好其華美，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>則粗惡之；宫室多尚高廣，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>則卑下之。飲食，鬼神所享，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00689','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P689</span></i>故云致孝；祭服備其采章，故云致美，溝洫人功所爲，故云盡力也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4169" id="4181">〔七〕</a>長者子<span class="zhuanming">善德</span>：追隨佛<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>的菩薩，樂善好施。見<span class="shuming">維摩詰經</span>卷上<span class="shuming">菩薩品第四</span>。長者爲積財聚德者的通稱。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經玄贊</span>卷十（末）：「心平性直，語實行敦，齒邁財盈，名爲長者。」長者子即長者的兒子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4170" id="4182">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">維摩詰經</span>卷上<span class="shuming">菩薩品第四</span>：「佛告長者子<span class="zhuanming">善德</span>：『汝行詣<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>問疾。』<span class="zhuanming">善德</span>白佛言：『<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，我不堪任詣彼問疾。所以者何？憶念我昔自於父舍設大施會，供養一切沙門﹑婆羅門及諸外道貧窮下賤孤獨乞人，期滿七日，時<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>來入會中，謂我言：「長者子，夫大施會不當如汝所設，當爲法施之會，何用是財施會爲？」我言：「居士，何謂法施之會？」答曰：「法施會者，無前無後，一時供養一切衆生，是名法施之會。」曰：「何謂也？」「謂以菩提起於慈心，以救衆生，起大悲心，以持正法，起於喜心。以攝智慧，行於捨心。……」……』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4171" id="4183">〔九〕</a>鉢遮于瑟：多作「般遮于瑟」，直譯「五年會」。每五年一次，以盛筵擴大佈施僧衆的大集會。意譯「無遮會」，容受所有人而不遮遣。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">羯若鞠闍國</span>：「五歲一設無遮大會，傾竭府庫，惠施群有。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4172" id="4184">〔一○〕</a>陳錫：佈施，施予賜給。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">文王</span>：「亹亹<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，令聞不已。陳錫哉（<span class="shuming">三家詩</span>作「載」）周，侯<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>孫子。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>孫子，本支百世。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>能布陳大利以賜子孫。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「陳，猶敷也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4173" id="4185">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>曰：『此季世也，吾弗知<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>其爲<span class="zhuanming">陳氏</span>矣。公棄其民，而歸於<span class="zhuanming">陳氏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>舊四量，豆﹑區﹑釜﹑鍾。四升爲豆，各自其四，以登於釜。釜十則鍾。<span class="zhuanming">陳氏</span>三量皆登一焉，鍾乃大矣。以家<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00690','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P690</span></i>量貸，而以公量收之。山木如市，弗加於山。魚鹽蜃蛤，弗加於海。民參其力，二入於公，而衣食其一。公聚朽蠹，而三老凍餒。國之諸市，屨賤踊貴。民人痛疾，而或燠休之，其愛之如父母，而歸之如流水，欲無獲民，將焉辟之？<span class="zhuanming">箕伯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">直柄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞遂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯戲</span>，其相<span class="zhuanming">胡公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大姬</span>已在<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4174" id="4186">〔一二〕</a>駛雨：暴雨。　<span class="shuming">薩婆多毗尼毗婆沙</span>卷八：「一時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>以浄天眼見空中蟲，如水邊沙，如器中粟，無邊無量。見已斷食，經二三日，佛敕令食。凡制有蟲水，齊肉眼所見，漉水囊所得耳，不制天眼見也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>教誡學徒，無貴賤無少長，皆述己名。稱彼仁者，絶於呵棰，違言必譴<a class="zhuhao" href="#4196" id="4187">〔一〕</a>。彼何施至於此歟？兹或可傳而不可繼也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譴】去戰切，出衆也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「予懷明德，不大聲以色<a class="zhuhao" href="#4197" id="4188">〔二〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">言<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>不發大聲以顔色也。又云「不識不知，順帝之則」也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【予懷】我抱也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「聲色之於人，末也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4198" id="4189">〔三〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">作威震色，此乃下也。</span> <span>夫不刑而治，世皆尚之。但今之人，懼威而侮德，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">威勝於恩也。</span> <span>聖人猶其疾之。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「君子如怒，亂庶遄沮<a class="zhuhao" href="#4199" id="4190">〔四〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">言君子若怒，其亂衆必潰散也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疾之】<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>猶病諸。【庶】幾也。【遄沮】上市緣切，疾也，速也；下在吕切，止也。【若怒】有云苦，悮。</span> <span>又曰：「王赫斯怒，爰整其旅。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4200" id="4191">〔五〕</a>言以威止亂也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【赫】發也。【旅】音侣，五百人曰旅。</span> <span>夫良馬必假其銜策，好鳥必俟乎翦拂，良材必資於剞劂，未有捨於此而能自致其美者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4201" id="4192">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「小人不耻不仁，不畏不義，不見利<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00691','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P691</span></i>不勸，不示威不懲，小懲而大誡。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4202" id="4193">〔七〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">懲，責也。謂責以傷害損棄之罪，而便大誡作福興功之利也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【銜】馬勒口中也。【策】馬箠也。【翦】齊羽也。【剞劂】上居蟻切，下九勿切﹑九月切，曲刀也。【易曰】<span class="shuming">繫辭</span>文也。【不示威】示字剩也。【小懲而大誡】此小人之福也。義云因小戒而大警，豈非小人之福乎？乃聖人刑期于無刑，小人則禍兮福所伏也。</span> <span>故御衆者當達人於未顯，刑人於未亂，使人仰其威惠，勉而祗懼<a class="zhuhao" href="#4203" id="4194">〔八〕</a>，可謂善始矣；始既立默，若五氣相宣，八風啓序，濟濟允諧<a class="zhuhao" href="#4204" id="4195">〔九〕</a>，言行有章，雖有訾扑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">訾，駡責也。扑，杖也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祗】敬也。【八風啓序】東曰明庶風，東南清明風，南景風，西南涼風，西閶闔風，西北不周風，北廣漢風，東北條風。自立春﹑春分﹑立夏﹑夏至﹑立秋﹑秋分﹑立冬﹑冬至，八風各有序。【五氣相宣】立春之後七十二日，木之氣王；立夏之後七十二日，火之氣王；立秋之後七十二日，金之氣王；立冬之後七十二日，水之氣王；四季之後，各有十八日，土之氣王，乃共成一歲。【宣】布也，通也。【啓】開也。【序】節也。【濟】多威儀貌。【訾扑】上音子，毁也；下普卜切，打也。<span class="shuming">舜典</span>云：扑作教刑，爲不勤道業則撻之。</span> <span>而無所用之，是謂善終也。人鮮有終，而<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>則有終譽焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">唯<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>能也，餘人則少爾。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鮮】少也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4187" id="4196">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">靈裕傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋靈裕</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span><span class="zhuanming">曲陽</span>人也。……凡所涕涶，返而咽之，一報無棄。形不妄涉，口不浮詞。人畜訓誨，絶於呵捶。乃至責問童稚，誡約門人，自述己名。彼號仁者。苦言切斷，聞者淚流。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4188" id="4197">〔二〕</a>懷：歸向，傾向。　明德：品德高尚的人。出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">皇矣</span>：「帝謂<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>：予懷明德，不大聲以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00692','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P692</span></i>色，不長夏以革。不識不知，順帝之則。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「不大其音聲以見於顔色而加人，不以年長大以有變革於幼時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4189" id="4198">〔三〕</a>聲色：疾言厲色。出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「子曰：聲色之於以化民，末也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4190" id="4199">〔四〕</a>「君子如怒」句：出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">巧言</span>。謂君子見讒人如怒斥之，則亂庶幾可止。庶：庶幾，差不多。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4191" id="4200">〔五〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">皇矣</span>：「王赫斯怒，爰整其旅，以按徂<span class="zhuanming">旅</span>。以篤于<span class="zhuanming">周</span>祜，以對于天下。」赫怒：勃然大怒。斯：語助詞。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4192" id="4201">〔六〕</a>銜策：馬嚼子和馬鞭。　剪拂：修整擦拭。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五五<span class="zhuanming">劉孝標</span><span class="shuming">廣絶交論</span>：「顧盼增其倍價，剪拂使其長鳴。」　剞劂：刻鏤的刀具。作動詞，雕琢刻鏤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4193" id="4202">〔七〕</a>出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「子曰：『小人不恥不仁，不畏不義，不見利不勸，不威不懲。小懲而大誡，此小人之福也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4194" id="4203">〔八〕</a>達：薦舉。　祗懼：敬懼，小心謹慎。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓上</span>：「予小子夙夜祗懼。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4195" id="4204">〔九〕</a>五氣：五種情感。<span class="shuming">逸周書</span><span class="shuming">官人</span>：「民有五氣：喜﹑怒﹑欲﹑懼﹑憂……五氣誠於中，發形於外，民情不可隱也。」　相宣：互相映襯而顯現。　八風：謂世間能煽動人心之八事：得可意事名「利」，失可意事名「衰」，背後排撥爲「毁」，背後讚美爲「譽」，當前讚美爲「稱」，當前排撥爲「譏」，逼迫身心名「苦」，悦適心意名「樂」。　濟濟：整齊美好貌。　允諧：和諧。</span> </p><p> <span>觀夫雖不撾辱而譴出衆外<a class="zhuhao" href="#4209" id="4205">〔一〕</a>，或則亦已甚矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">譴，謫也，若今付衣鉢出堂也。</span> <span>經云：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00693','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P693</span></i>「是殺生是殺生報，是地獄是地獄報。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4210" id="4206">〔二〕</a>律開教授，毁呰不犯<a class="zhuhao" href="#4211" id="4207">〔三〕</a>，夫何義耶？蓋欲以刑期於無刑故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃謹誡罪犯，令其不作也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【律開教授毁呰不犯】意云律開教授，知學義也；律開毁訾，令不犯也。</span> <span>故譽善則誘善，彰惡則塞惡。愛語<span class="zhuanming">羅睺</span>，叱呵<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>，其不然乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">羅睺</span>，佛子。<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>，佛冤。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【叱】昌栗切，呵也。</span> <span>而仁者恕在心，狡者恕在口，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">仁者忠誠，故恕在心。狡者詭譎，故恕在口。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【怒在心】四箇怒字，皆非，應是恕字，仁恕也。【狡】猾也。</span> <span>在心則躋物就益，在口則敗物矯慈。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【躋】升也。</span> <span>今之人庸細者，聽於口而不知其心。以面柔爲慈惠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">巧言令色，足恭者，人皆悦之故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庸細】鄙小也。</span> <span>以行高爲强慠。彼不知<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姬周</span>亂主。</span> <span>下堂而朝諸侯，愚柔而削也。<span class="zhuanming">炎帝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>起伐亂之師，不得謂之無爲之君也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">炎帝</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">共工氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>戰<span class="zhuanming">蚩尤</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【炎帝】<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>也。【不得】下少箇不字。</span> <span>夫爲師者，所利在法，何恤人之言？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">恤，憂也。利濟不以害而不爲也。喻若爲國家者，寧懼於誅伐？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恤】音戌，分贍也。</span> <span>但世有積矯翳直，德卑價重，延慈悲之譽盛，慕羶之黨，令無節之夫，則没己之行，模範其事<a class="zhuhao" href="#4212" id="4208">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">使少貞者效己而爲之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翳】於計切，隱也。【價】聲價也。【延】進也。【慕羶】上思也，下羊臭氣也。羊羶聚蟻，人慕聚衆也。【模範】效學也。</span> <span>反以<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>慈而不加於我，遂使五種惡馬﹑七類治人永墜于地矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【五種惡馬】此有二説：馬惡有五，謂踶﹑嚙﹑直﹑蹶﹑佚，得其啣策，皆可制也。人之有七，謂瘖﹑聾﹑跛﹑躃﹑瞽﹑佚﹑孺，從其動作之長，皆可<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00694','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P694</span></i>化而使也。二云惡馬者，如比丘犯五篇罪，不自見者，應如惡馬治也。【七類治人】治法七：一呵責，二擯出，三與依止﹑令親近知法，四遮不至白衣家，五不見舉，六懺舉，七惡見不捨舉。如<span class="shuming">行事鈔</span>。此上七治法，實爲妙藥。持於正法，罰責惡人，佛法再興，福流長世者也。【加】上也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4205" id="4209">〔一〕</a>撾：鞭撻，鞭打。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4206" id="4210">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">維摩詰所説經</span>卷下。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4207" id="4211">〔三〕</a>毁呰：毁訾，譭謗。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4208" id="4212">〔四〕</a>慕羶：喻因愛嗜而争相附集。出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">徐無鬼</span>：「羊肉不慕蟻，蟻慕羊肉。羊肉羶也。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>有羶行，百姓悦之。故三徙成都，至<span class="zhuanming">鄧</span>之虚而十有萬家。」　無節：没有節操。</span> </p><p> <span>今吾教叔世，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">叔世，季世也。</span> <span>法徒多難，朋姦濟亂，若苞桑之固矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">苞，藂生也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【苞桑】苞，本也。<span class="shuming">易</span>之<span class="shuming">否卦</span>曰：繫于苞桑。</span> <span>欲由吾直當度其可否慎厥機<a class="zhuhao" href="#4221" id="4213">〔一〕</a>，亦聖人之教也。昔客三藏見無罪覆藏，讓而從革<a class="zhuhao" href="#4222" id="4214">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">准律，比丘犯僧殘罪，則令别住十日，謂之波利婆沙，言省罪也。十日未滿，更犯僧殘不覆藏，便説已發露，則不應羯磨，作覆藏罪<a class="zhuhao" href="#4223" id="4215">〔三〕</a>。有客三藏，見其如此，遂責讓之，因此乃從而改也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【革】改更其事。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>遇非法羯磨<a class="zhuhao" href="#4224" id="4216">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔伽藍内浄人，男女長大，比丘四人作羯磨，令其嫁娶。<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>知其非法，欲呵之，先白佛。佛言：「汝不應呵，一不呵衆也。又彼衆汝寡，恐反致害。」是以默而不止也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4225" id="4217">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span>其由<span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>避<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>國，弱而就德。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>之後也。<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>事<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，封<span class="zhuanming">邰</span>，爲稷官。<span class="zhuanming">不窋</span>失官，竄<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>。至<span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>，復修其職。<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>人貪其土，逐之。至<span class="zhuanming">太王</span>，遷于<span class="zhuanming">邠</span>，居<span class="zhuanming">岐山</span>之陽。<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>受<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00695','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P695</span></i>命，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>克<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>而有天下也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4226" id="4218">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邰】音胎，地在<span class="zhuanming">始平</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">文王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">崇</span>，師强而取亂<a class="zhuhao" href="#4227" id="4219">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">崇</span>，諸侯之國也。<span class="zhuanming">崇侯</span><span class="zhuanming">費仲</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>耳目之臣，不修德，故<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>舉戈伐之。時旱，師起而雨也。</span> <span>皆變通精照之弘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4228" id="4220">〔八〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4213" id="4221">〔一〕</a>苞桑：桑樹之本。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">否</span>：「其亡其亡，繫于苞桑。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「苞，本也。凡物繫於桑之苞本，則牢固也。」　直當：即當，應當。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4214" id="4222">〔二〕</a>覆藏：遮掩隱藏。<span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">偷犛牛喻</span>：「破戒之人亦復如是，覆藏罪過，不肯發露。」　從革：謂依從人的意願而改變。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">洪範</span>：「木曰曲直，金曰從革。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「金可以改更。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「金可以從人改更，言其可爲人用之意也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4215" id="4223">〔三〕</a>僧殘：佛教戒律中罪科之名。見前注。　波利婆沙：意譯别住。犯戒者與别房，使之單獨居住。<span class="shuming">羯磨疏</span>卷四下：「波利婆娑，此名别住。别與下房下卧具宿，不同僧住，故名也。」　發露：謂顯露表白所犯之過失而無所隱覆。　羯磨：意譯「作法辦事」。指誦經拜佛等法事。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4216" id="4224">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">四分律</span>卷五三：「爾時，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>見衆僧作非法羯磨，無同意者，欲默然任之，佛言：聽默然。有五法不應默然：若如法羯磨而心不同，默然任之；若得同意伴，亦默然任之；若見小罪而默然；爲作别住而默然；在戒場上而默然。如是五法，默然者非法。有五法應默然：見他非法而默然，不得伴默然，犯重而默然，同住默然，在同住地默然。如是五法，應默然。有五事應和合，何等五？若如法應和合，若默然任之，若與欲，若從可信人聞，若先在中默然而坐。如是五事，應和合。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00696','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P696</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4217" id="4225">〔五〕</a>浄人：寺院中，未行剃染而服種種浄業作務者。　長大：體貌高大壯偉。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">淮陰侯列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>屠中少年有侮<span class="zhuanming">信</span>者，曰：『若雖長大，好帶刀劍，中情怯耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4218" id="4226">〔六〕</a>稷官：掌農事的官。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>拜稽首，讓于<span class="zhuanming">稷</span><span class="zhuanming">契</span>暨<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「居稷官者，<span class="zhuanming">棄</span>也。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">匈奴列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>道衰，而<span class="zhuanming">公劉</span>失其稷官，變于<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>，邑于<span class="zhuanming">豳</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4219" id="4227">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">崇</span>：諸侯國。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">周本紀</span>：「明年，伐<span class="zhuanming">崇侯虎</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">皇甫謐</span>云<span class="zhuanming">夏鯀</span>封。<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">商</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>皆有<span class="zhuanming">崇國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">崇國</span>蓋在<span class="zhuanming">豐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鎬</span>之間。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云『既伐于<span class="zhuanming">崇</span>，作邑于<span class="zhuanming">豐</span>』，是國之地也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4220" id="4228">〔八〕</a>精照：光輝照耀。</span> </p><p> <span>其有謀不道財，營不速之福，卑崇臺而改作，陋華鏞而列危。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以侵虐之財，營平急之務。屋宇宏敞，鍾檻輝華也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鏞】音容，大鐘也。【宏】大也。【敞】昌兩切，高顯也。</span> <span>財由枉濫，事生貪冒。誠爲罪福不相補矣。夫放生者，哀彼將餼，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>將殺牛釁鍾，<span class="zhuanming">宣王</span>令以羊易之。<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>曰：「王恡一牛。」王曰：「不忍見其就死。」曰：「王但見其牛，未見羊也。君子之於禽獸也，見其生，不忍見其死。聞其聲，不忍食其肉。是以君子不近庖厨也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4237" id="4229">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餼】許既切，牲生曰餼。【釁】許覲切，牲血塗器祭也，釁也。</span> <span>遇而存之，是謂生生之福也。昔<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>元日放生，國人聚捕而獻。彼恩生於害，則勿若不放之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4238" id="4230">〔二〕</a>。故維持者，計德不計利，則利由德博；計利不計德，則德由利削。嗟乎，法既陵頽，劫極滓下。聖凡攸隔，天龍潛戢。魑魅作威，正雅難辯<a class="zhuhao" href="#4239" id="4231">〔三〕</a>。祈塔寺以重鎮，假貞哲以扶荷。豈只香臺庇影，法供澤膚<a class="zhuhao" href="#4240" id="4232">〔四〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00697','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P697</span></i>【陵頽】圮也，毁也。【戢】阻立切，止也，斂也。【魑魅】妖邪之媚。【正邪難辯】雅字悮也。【庇】音畀，廕也。【澤】潤也，悦也。</span> <span>興亡不繫於肺腸，笑語自怡於旦夕<a class="zhuhao" href="#4241" id="4233">〔五〕</a>。奄若白駒過隙<a class="zhuhao" href="#4242" id="4234">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">白駒，天窗飛塵也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【怡】悦也。【白駒過隙】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：人生天地間，若白駒過隙，忽然而已。注：白駒者，駿馬也。隙，孔也。夫人處世，俄顷之間。其爲促逼，如馳駿馬之過孔隙也，倏忽而已。</span> <span>窀穸沉魂<a class="zhuhao" href="#4243" id="4235">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">窀，厚也。穸，夜也。永夜即生死長夜也。<span class="zhuanming">楚子</span>語也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【窀穸】上陟倫切，厚也；下音夕，夜，謂人死葬土，長暗不曉也。又云下棺也。【楚子語辭】見<span class="shuming">襄十三年傳</span>。【生死】牛字悮。</span> <span>緇田無一籄之功，<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍</span>陷百刑之痛<a class="zhuhao" href="#4244" id="4236">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緇】法服曰緇，種世之福曰田。【籄】其貴切，土籠也。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：覆籄簣。</span> <span>静言此理，孰不寒心酸鼻哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【酸鼻】鼻痛曰酸。【静言此理者】夫<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>慇懃制諸道人，深慚應供横受福田之名，仰愧沙門虚當之號，進無菩薩兼濟之能，退乏聲聞自利之德。玷辱師僧，辜負檀越。不堪行國王之地，無以報父母之恩。事等破瓶，義同樵種。如<span class="zhuanming">多羅</span>既斷，寧可重生？折石既分，終無還合。鬼恒掃迹，昌是惡人。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>敕言，非佛弟子不能爲世良田，豈可受他禮拜？是以一失人身，動經累劫。静思此理，真可寒心而矣者也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4229" id="4237">〔一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">梁惠王上</span>。文字有出入，此爲概述也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4230" id="4238">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">説符</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>之民，以正月元旦獻鳩於<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>大悦，厚賞之。客問其故，<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>曰：『正旦放生，示有恩也。』客曰：『民知君之欲放之，故競而捕之，死者衆矣。君如欲生之，不若禁民勿捕。捕而放之，恩過不相補矣。』<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>曰：『然。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00698','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P698</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4231" id="4239">〔三〕</a>魑魅：能害人的山澤之神怪，泛指鬼怪。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">王莽傳中</span>：「敢有非井田聖制，無法惑衆者，投諸四裔，以禦魑魅。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「魑，山神也。魅，老物精也。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷三<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span><span class="shuming">東京賦</span>：「捎魑魅，斮獝狂。」<span class="zhuanming">薛綜</span>注：「魑魅，山澤之神。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4232" id="4240">〔四〕</a>香臺：燒香之臺。佛殿的别稱。　庇：遮蔽，庇護。　法供：謂對佛﹑法﹑僧三寶的供養。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4233" id="4241">〔五〕</a>肺腸：比喻内心，心思。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">桑柔</span>：「自有肺腸，俾民卒狂。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「自有肺腸，行其心中之所欲，乃使民盡迷惑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4234" id="4242">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>：「人生天地之間，若白駒之過郤，忽然而已。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「白駒，駿馬也，亦言日也。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「郤，本亦作隙。隙，孔也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4235" id="4243">〔七〕</a>窀穸：埋葬。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公十三年</span>：「若以大夫之靈，獲保首領以殁於地，惟是春秋窀穸之事，所以從先君於禰廟者，請爲『靈』若『厲』，大夫擇焉。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「窀，厚也；穸，夜也。厚夜猶長夜。春秋謂祭祀，長夜謂葬埋。」　沉魂：亡魂。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4236" id="4244">〔八〕</a>籄：盛土的筐子。　<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍</span>：<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>。佛教認爲<span class="zhuanming">南贍部洲</span>等四大部洲之外，有鐵圍山，周匝如輪，故名。</span> </p><p> <span>但玄綱久紊，紺園徒廣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4250" id="4245">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【玄綱】法門綱紀。【紊】亂也。【紺園】上古暗切，袈裟。青赤色曰紺。或紺，瑠璃爲地也。【徒廣】謂僧徒廣盛也。徒，或虚徒也。</span> <span>版籍藏於王府，井賦歸於郡縣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4251" id="4246">〔二〕</a>，祗奉迎接，若邑胥之畏於尊吏焉。是以廉懦者，避色避言而不居也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">潔己以避<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00699','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P699</span></i>州縣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【版籍】僧尼户口帳策。【井賦】井邑税賦。【邑胥】胥，靡也。若下邑胥靡人，敬畏府吏也。【廉懦】儉約曰廉，怯弱曰懦。【避言】聞惡語而去。</span> <span>愚慝者<a class="zhuhao" href="#4252" id="4247">〔三〕</a>，費力費財而無益也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【費】耗也。</span> <span>金田化爲枳棘<a class="zhuhao" href="#4253" id="4248">〔四〕</a>，實則患是之由。夫如是，蓋將廢寺舍於府縣也，何只笑於二<span class="zhuanming">武</span>焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">府縣侵耗，不讓二<span class="zhuanming">武</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【枳棘】二木多刺，損手破衣。【二武】<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>二<span class="zhuanming">武</span>。</span> <span>故臨民者，在知人，在安人。宜察其言行，於其善者，施折腰没階之禮，且以力援；否者當降之。使君子小人不同日，誠則<span class="zhuanming">祇林</span>鬱鬱<a class="zhuhao" href="#4254" id="4249">〔五〕</a>，布金之望如可待也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【施】設也。【援】音院，助也。【降之】平，伏也。去，下也。【祇林】<span class="zhuanming">祇陀太子</span>之園，爲佛寺宇，故曰<span class="zhuanming">祇園</span>。【鬱】林樹蓊鬱。【布金】<span class="zhuanming">給孤長者</span>布金買園。</span> <span>由是寺廟之興，興有道者也。故入其境，自大國至子男，幢廟修整，僧徒肅穆，則亦是以見俗政之清浄矣。<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>常住給僧衣食，以田園所産，由乎施者。豈施只論於衣食哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【自大國】公侯伯子之國。【豈施等】意在進道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4245" id="4250">〔一〕</a>玄綱：猶天綱。指維繫社會人倫的最高法則。　紺園：佛寺的别稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4246" id="4251">〔二〕</a>版籍：户口册。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四九<span class="shuming">仲長統傳</span>：「明版籍以相數閲，審什伍以相連持。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「<span class="shuming">周禮</span>曰：『凡在版者。』注云：『版，名籍也，以版爲之也。』」　井賦：田賦。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4247" id="4252">〔三〕</a>慝：奸詐，邪惡。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4248" id="4253">〔四〕</a>金田：佛寺的代稱。　枳棘：枳木與棘木。因其多刺而稱惡木。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷六一<span class="shuming">黄瓊傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">光武</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00700','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P700</span></i>以聖武天挺，繼統興業，創基冰泮之上，立足枳棘之林。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「枳棘諭艱難。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4249" id="4254">〔五〕</a>折腰：彎腰行禮。　没階：謂下臺階至平地。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">鄉黨</span>：「没階，趨進，翼如也。」這裏指迎送賓客的禮貌行爲。　<span class="zhuanming">祇林</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">祇園</span>，「<span class="zhuanming">祇樹給孤獨園</span>」的簡稱。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>成道後，<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">給孤獨長者</span>用黄金購置<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>南<span class="zhuanming">祇陀太子</span>園地，建築精舍，請<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>説法。<span class="zhuanming">祇陀太子</span>奉獻了園内的樹木，故以二人名字命名。後用爲佛寺的代稱。　鬱鬱：衆多貌。</span> </p><p> <span>夫僧饌以時，擊鍾乃食，餕則歸僧，勿己有也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">餕，餘也。殘宿食者犯戒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餕】音俊，食餘也。【殘宿食犯戒】口口波逸提。</span> <span>異界不以法不通也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【異界不以法不通也】不可謂界外之人，便不通食分也。</span> <span>三聖之財，出納有司，匪則有恡。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三寶之財，典座掌之，無有祕恡之也。</span> <span>王臣力勢，肆求所備，固無得而辭也。劫賊凶人，校力不制，末違其欲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4262" id="4255">〔一〕</a>。僧有病而無藥，隨有而給之。其貧無衣，即隨貨而益之。死者之衣從之，既葬，復于僧也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若有三寶常住財物貯之，以備王賊。貧病之僧，若貧無衣，則以衣備之。死葬之後，却取納僧常住也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【肆求所備】上恣也。如<span class="zhuanming">徐世績</span>貸粮于寺者也。【校】量也。【末】無也。【貯】知吕切，盛也，積也。</span> <span>其經務有勞者，以衣食倍之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若今主事者，别與施利也。</span> <span>故律謂之福饒類也。而任務者，每事匪專，舉必詢衆，詢衆不恒，宜立知法。故律謂之處分人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4263" id="4256">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若今寺院主首。</span> <span>若以物非我有，縱心糜散，事自我逸，廢業墮功，鳩役計食，量衡無節，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鳩，聚也。量，󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#4264" id="4257">〔三〕</a>。衡，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00701','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P701</span></i>秤也。尺寸無法也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【處分】上去呼，定也，制也。下分，刹也。【糜】爛也。</span> <span>致使傷蠹衆財，此職司復于罪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【職】主也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">僧伽耶舍</span>見海上寺僧以膿血爲食，以器相擊，蓋<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>世，同一浄宇，有客僧至，忿怒藏食故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4265" id="4258">〔四〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">法豐</span>死爲不食之鬼，巡寺作餓駞聲，以專寺任刻薄故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4266" id="4259">〔五〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">臨邛</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>見身如厠，持鉢食穢，以儉歲割杓減粥故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4267" id="4260">〔六〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">智瓌</span>死作衆奴，以寺布借人故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4268" id="4261">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">聖壽寺</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">清訓</span>念<span class="shuming">蓮經</span>，每在送終處，於行食者求酒肉及色之以歸。一日驟無聲，經年不通食，漸不通水，自云生入餓鬼也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僧伽耶舍】傳法祖師。【如厠】往也；溷也。【杓】市若切，長柄柸也。</span> <span>鏡兹冥運，孰莫是徵。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4255" id="4262">〔一〕</a>力勢：猶勢力。　無得：猶無從。　校力：較量武力，比試力量。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4256" id="4263">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">四部律並論要用抄</span>卷上：「有諸王臣，數至竹園觀看，從比丘索食薪火燈燭。若與，恐犯罪；不與，懼作患。以是白佛：『佛應立處分人。處分人己不白僧，得用十九錢供給客，若更須應白僧竟與。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4257" id="4264">〔三〕</a>底本漫漶不清。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4258" id="4265">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧伽耶舍</span>：意譯「<span class="zhuanming">衆稱</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span><span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>部派佛教時代著名論師，長於説一切有部論典。事見<span class="shuming">付法藏因緣傳</span>卷六，文煩不録。<span class="shuming">釋門自鏡録</span>卷下<span class="shuming">西域聖者僧伽耶舍巡遊見僧受苦事</span>抄録自<span class="shuming">付法藏因緣傳</span>而較爲簡略：「昔<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>滅後數百年，有傳法聖僧<span class="zhuanming">僧伽耶舍</span>，嘗游海邊見一住處，堂閣嚴飾，衆事奇妙，衆僧滿中。經行禪念日至鳴鐘集堂，食訖，所有肴膳變成膿血。鉢器相打，頭面破壞，血污<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00702','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P702</span></i>身衣。而作是言：『何爲惜食，今受此苦耶？』<span class="zhuanming">舍</span>前問。答言：『長老，我等先身<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>時同止一寺，見客僧來，心生忿恚，藏惜飲食，不分與之。由此慳惜，今受此苦耶。』<span class="zhuanming">舍</span>聞之，生大怖畏。如是觀察，俄登聖果。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4259" id="4266">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">釋門自鏡録</span>卷上<span class="shuming">宋法豐減僧食死作餓鬼事（徵驗傳）</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法豐</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">竺氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。往適<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>，修理一寺，觸事周辯，時因號爲<span class="zhuanming">法豐寺</span>。既久專寺任，稍恃其功力，出内取與，頗乖斟酌。輒減省僧食，令不周足。久之遂亡，墮餓鬼中。常在寺院，至初夜後，作餓駝鳴，巡房聲叫，弟子<span class="zhuanming">寶慧</span>聞而歎曰：『是我師聲。』因問那爾，<span class="zhuanming">豐</span>曰：『由減僧食料受餓鬼苦，苦劇難堪，願見濟度。』弟子廣爲齋懺，得生清勝云云。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4260" id="4267">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">釋門自鏡録</span>卷下載<span class="shuming">唐印州僧割杓減粥現噉糞穢事（新録</span>），與這裏<span class="zhuanming">臨邛</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>事相類：「<span class="zhuanming">印州</span>僧，失其名。經作直歲，割杓令小，使僧粥不足。後經一月，日不出房。諸僧怪，私覘，見此僧每至食時，將鉢就厠，取糞自食。僧等因此輒開其房，房内特臭，問其所由，其僧對衆懺悔，遂得如舊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4261" id="4268">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">釋門自鏡録</span>卷下<span class="shuming">唐國清寺僧智瑰死作衆奴事（新録）</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">僧智瑰</span>，不詳其氏姓，出家住<span class="zhuanming">天台</span><span class="zhuanming">國清寺</span>。次當直歲，乃將小布十端，貸<span class="zhuanming">始豐縣</span>丞<span class="zhuanming">李意及</span>，畢竟不還。後<span class="zhuanming">瑰</span>身死，作寺家奴，名<span class="zhuanming">師立</span>，背上有文，作<span class="zhuanming">智瑰</span>之字，現在同見。其<span class="zhuanming">李意及</span>死後作寺家奴，名<span class="zhuanming">士嵩</span>，背上亦有<span class="zhuanming">李意及</span>名字。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>十科，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一譯經﹑二義解﹑三習禪﹑四明律﹑五護法﹑六感通﹑七遺身﹑八讀誦﹑九興福﹑十雜科。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鏡】鑑照也。【孰莫是徵】誰無此罰也。</span> <span>以住持爲興福。余每考行其事，實則有福興<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00703','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P703</span></i>焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【以住持興福】<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>第八爲<span class="shuming">興福</span>，<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>第九爲<span class="shuming">興福</span>也。</span> <span>昔吾聞諸<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧問吾師曰：「頽墉釁</span> <span class="font12 zhu">許近反。</span> <span>礎，必焚炙奥渫</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音洩。</span> <span>者居焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4275" id="4269">〔一〕</a>；華軒綺疏，必懷冰澡雪者居焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4276" id="4270">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">疏，窗也。</span> <span>惜哉！今驗，若不虚矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【墉】音容，牆也。【釁】瑕也。【焚炙】熱焚火庖厨也。【奥渫者】<span class="zhuanming">王子淵</span><span class="shuming">聖主得賢臣頌</span>云：士遇明君，則去卑辱奥渫而昇于朝，離蔬釋蹻而享膏粱。上於六切，下音薛。注：奥，幽也；渫，污也。乃卑辱幽汙之事也。治井汲水曰奥渫。【懷冰澡雪者】懷冰清其襟，澡雪潔其身，如枕流漱石之義也。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>曰：今日晏閒，敢問至道？<span class="zhuanming">老</span>曰：汝齋，蔬雪而瀹心，澡雪而精神，倍潔而擊智，大道杳然難言哉。意云澡雪方可聞道云云。【疏】所鋤切，窗也。</span> <span>又曰：「<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>建八百九十餘所寺<a class="zhuhao" href="#4277" id="4271">〔三〕</a>，洎<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>三十有五<a class="zhuhao" href="#4278" id="4272">〔四〕</a>。吾今不能興弘一二，蓋非夫也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">非丈夫也。</span> <span>爰在爾徒。」因涕下承睫，在予狂惑，不克荷負<a class="zhuhao" href="#4279" id="4273">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">尚書</span>云：「其父析薪，其子不克荷負<a class="zhuhao" href="#4280" id="4274">〔六〕</a>。」</span> <span>俾式光遺寄積，行于艱難，爲法衡倚，愧瞻雲日，愴然永慕耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【八百九十餘所】<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>嘗自言曰：吾所住去此十萬餘里，所歷州郡，興立佛寺八百九十三所也。【非夫】<span class="shuming">春秋</span><span class="shuming">宣公十二年</span><span class="zhuanming">先縠</span>曰：且成師以出，聞强敵而退，非夫也。注曰：非丈夫也。【睫】子葉切，目上下毛也。【克】能也。【荷】負也。【式】用也。【慘】愴慘也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4269" id="4275">〔一〕</a>頽墉：崩塌的城牆；敗垣。　釁：裂痕，縫隙。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">會</span>聞用師，觀釁而動。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「釁是間隙之名。今人謂瓦裂龜裂皆爲釁。」　礎：柱脚石，墊在房屋柱子下的石頭。　焚炙：燒烤。　奥渫：污濁。奥，通「澳」。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四七<span class="zhuanming">王褒</span><span class="shuming">聖主得賢臣頌</span>：「去卑辱奥渫而升<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00704','1865879',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P704</span></i>本朝。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">張晏</span>曰：『奥，幽也；渫，狎也。』……<span class="zhuanming">如淳</span>曰：『奥音郁。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4270" id="4276">〔二〕</a>懷冰：比喻高潔。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四七<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">漢高祖功臣頌</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周苛</span>慷慨，心若懷冰。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span><span class="shuming">風俗通</span>：「言人清高，如冰之潔。」　澡雪：洗滌。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一八<span class="zhuanming">馬融</span><span class="shuming">長笛賦</span>：「溉盥汙濊，澡雪垢滓矣。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「澡，洗手也。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>曰：澡雪而精神。<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span><span class="shuming">淮南子注</span>曰：雪，拭也。」引申爲高潔。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4271" id="4277">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">竺佛圖澄傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺佛圖澄</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人也，本姓<span class="zhuanming">帛氏</span>。……所歷州郡，興立佛寺八百九十三所，弘法之盛，莫與先矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4272" id="4278">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">釋智顗</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">釋智顗傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>東西垂範，化通萬里。所造大寺，三十五所。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4273" id="4279">〔五〕</a>承睫：含着眼淚。　狂惑：不明事理，糊塗。　荷負：擔任。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4274" id="4280">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公七年</span>：「古人有言曰：『其父析薪，其子弗克負荷。』」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
[卷第九　異學第十五]
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133644" key="1133644"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第九　異學第十五 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133645" key="1133645"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00705','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P705</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000031"><b>北山録卷第九</b></p><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000032">異學第十五<span class="font12 zhu">異學，外學也。習異宗之解，助本教之旨歸者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【異學】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：人而不學謂之視内，學之不行謂之撮曩。<span class="shuming">文中子</span>曰：上學以神聦，中學以心聦，下學以耳聦。不登高山，不知天高等。玉不琢不成器，人不學不知道。是故古之王者，建國君民，教學爲先矣。</span></p><p> <span>器弘者，以虚受爲美；心遠者，以贍聞爲優<a class="zhuhao" href="#4293" id="4281">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「玉不琢，不成器。人不學，不知道。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4294" id="4282">〔二〕</a>子云：「日知其所亡，月無亡其能也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4295" id="4283">〔三〕</a>「温故知新，可以爲師矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4296" id="4284">〔四〕</a>優，勝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【贍】時豔切，富也，博也。</span> <span>故我<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>暨古先哲王，嘉讚博能，高稱上智，使圓顱方趾<a class="zhuhao" href="#4297" id="4285">〔五〕</a>，賢愚於焉别矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人而不學，其猶正牆面而立<a class="zhuhao" href="#4298" id="4286">〔六〕</a>。虎豹之鞟，猶犬羊之鞟也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4299" id="4287">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圓顱】下音盧，頭也。顱園法天。【方趾】下音止，足也。足方象地也。【别】皮列切，異矣。【鞟】去郭切，皮去毛曰鞟。【虎豹】<span class="shuming">語</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">棘子成</span>曰：君子質而已矣，何以文爲？<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：惜乎，夫子之説君子也，駟不及舌。文猶質也，質猶文也。虎豹之鞟，猶犬羊之鞟也。</span> <span>薩婆多師<a class="zhuhao" href="#4300" id="4288">〔八〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">西天小乘宗也。此云廣解師，博通敏智，導利法化者也。</span> <span>十二時中許一時學外，故於其宗悉能區别内外典籍，善解論義。<span class="zhuanming">曇無德</span>部</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云法鏡部，即化他部分出也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【區别】上豈俱切，域也，分也；下彼列切。</span> <span>俗藝呪術，爲防己害，兼以閑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00706','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P706</span></i>邪，開學不犯也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4301" id="4289">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其宗立五藏：一律﹑二經﹑三論﹑四呪﹑五菩薩藏也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【己害】上音紀。【閑】防也，禁也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>讚菩薩偈云：「雅思淵才文中王，歌舞譚説衆所欣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4302" id="4290">〔一○〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">第十四卷。</span> <span><span class="shuming">智論</span>顯結集羅漢德云：「讀誦三藏，知内外經書。外道十八種大書，亦盡讀知。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4303" id="4291">〔一一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="shuming">毗伽羅吠陀論</span>等。</span> <span>緬覿前風，聖人皆不限所知，捐其小善，近崇文德，遠成種智<a class="zhuhao" href="#4304" id="4292">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">熏習以成其種性。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緬覿】上弭兖切，遠也；下音狄，見也。【種智】上之隴切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4281" id="4293">〔一〕</a>器：器量，胸懷。　虚受：虚心接受。語本<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">咸</span>：「山上有澤，咸。君子以虚受人。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「君子以虚受人者，君子法此<span class="shuming">咸</span>卦，下山上澤，故能空虚其懷，不自有實，受納於物，無所棄遺。」　心遠：心情超逸，胸懷曠達。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4282" id="4294">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4283" id="4295">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子張</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『日知其所亡，月無忘其所能，可謂好學也已矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4284" id="4296">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「温故而知新，可以爲師矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4285" id="4297">〔五〕</a>哲王：賢明的君主。　圓顱方趾：方脚圓頭，指人類。顱：頭顱；趾：脚。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">精神訓</span>：「故頭之圓也象天，足之方也象地。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4286" id="4298">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「人而不爲<span class="shuming">周南</span>﹑<span class="shuming">召南</span>，其猶正牆面而立也與？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4287" id="4299">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">棘子成</span>曰：『君子質而已矣，何以文爲？』<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『惜乎！夫子之説君子也！駟不及舌。文猶質也，質猶文也。虎豹之鞟，猶犬羊之鞟。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00707','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P707</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4288" id="4300">〔八〕</a>薩婆多：即説一切有部。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4289" id="4301">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇無德</span>部：律宗五部之一，<span class="zhuanming">曇無德比丘</span>之部宗。佛滅後百年<span class="zhuanming">優婆毱多羅漢</span>五弟子之一，於戒律藏建立一部，部名曰<span class="zhuanming">曇無德</span>部。律名曰<span class="shuming">四分律</span>。<span class="zhuanming">曇無德</span>：<span class="zhuanming">曇摩毱多</span>。又作<span class="zhuanming">曇摩毱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇摩德</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇無毱多</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">法正</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法鏡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法護</span>等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4290" id="4302">〔一○〕</a>出<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經</span>卷一四。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4291" id="4303">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷二<span class="shuming">初品總説如是我聞釋論</span>：「爾時<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>選得千人，除善<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，盡皆阿羅漢，得六神通，得共解脱，無礙解脱。悉得三明，禪定自在。能逆順行諸三昧，皆悉無礙。誦讀三藏，知内外經書。諸外道家十八種大經，盡亦讀知。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4292" id="4304">〔一二〕</a>文德：指禮樂教化。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">小畜</span>：「君子以懿文德。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「故遠人不服，則修文德以來之。」　種智：「一切種智」的省稱，指無所不知的佛智。</span> </p><p> <span>昔有羅漢，不識赤鹽之義<a class="zhuhao" href="#4312" id="4305">〔一〕</a>，外黨諸俗，深以爲誚。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span><span class="zhuanming">法預</span>婆羅門常請僧食，問其義，能答者自與美食，不能者令下人與麤惡食，由是比丘皆不往其家。因至佛所，佛不遠有羅漢比丘，<span class="zhuanming">法預</span>乃問之：「何名赤鹽？鹽有幾種？」比丘言：「我知汝是<span class="zhuanming">法預</span>，輕慢比丘，今復惱我，鹽止是鹽。」聞比丘語已，心懷罔然，來至佛所。佛云：「此比丘未從師學，故不能曉答鹽也。」有比丘名<span class="zhuanming">弗絺盧</span>，佛令往問鹽義。比丘云：「鹽有二義。一種味如大海水，同一鹹味，二性味者有黑鹽﹑赤鹽﹑辛頭鹽﹑拔遮鹽﹑毗攬鹽﹑迦遮鹽﹑私多鹽﹑毗迦鹽。略語二種，若生若煮，是名鹽義。」<span class="zhuanming">法預</span>聞之，歡喜而退<a class="zhuhao" href="#4313" id="4306">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誚】才妙切，責也。【赤鹽】下餘廉切，鹹也。古者宿沙煑海曰鹽。</span> <span>蓋出朽宅<a class="zhuhao" href="#4314" id="4307">〔三〕</a>，則生死凡夫，藐哉何及！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">藐，遠也。聖人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00708','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P708</span></i>出於朽故火宅。在生死凡夫，不能及也。</span> <span>語外事則解脱，聖智或不如凡夫也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但以一行一智，斷惑證聖，於所知未遍，或不及凡夫。</span> <span>故採棟桴於杞梓<a class="zhuhao" href="#4315" id="4308">〔四〕</a>，繳羽儀於鴻鵠，畋文彩於虎豹，則於物幾矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">幾，近也。棟桴與杞梓近，羽儀與鴻鵠近，文彩與虎豹近，以類求之可也。繳，弋射箭也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【桴】音浮。【繳】音酌，矰繳也。以生絲線繫箭射也。【鵠】胡裕切。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span>云：黄鵠之一舉，知山川之紆曲。再舉，知天地之方圓也。【幾】音機，近也。</span> <span>索遍知於羅漢，則否矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四加行位，尚如暗中放箭，或中或否。況小聖哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4316" id="4309">〔五〕</a>？</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">王城</span>野人不謂<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>智周萬物<a class="zhuhao" href="#4317" id="4310">〔六〕</a>，問以鄙賤芻牧之事，<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>俯其事而申之，牧族奇其聞，踴躍而信，因皆階乎道也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">放牛難陀</span>，以佛生王宫，出家成道，必不曉放牧之事，豈曰遍知？遂往問佛，佛謂説<span class="shuming">放牛經</span>一卷，皆四時所放安養之事，其族歡喜出家，皆獲道果也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4318" id="4311">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【申】述也。【階】梯也，昇也，如梯之昇。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>子内審諸己於進修之門，可學而不學，可知而不知，結以不學無知之罪也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4305" id="4312">〔一〕</a>赤鹽：紅色的鹽。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">信度國</span>：「多出赤鹽，色如赤石。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4306" id="4313">〔二〕</a>見<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>卷三一：「<span class="zhuanming">法預</span>優婆塞常飯比丘已，然後自食。其日待比丘，時過不來，便往佛所，頭面禮足，卻住一面，白佛言：『<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，諸比丘何故不來食？』佛言：『汝輕慢諸比丘僧，欲饒益故，與汝作覆鉢羯磨。』爾時去佛不遠，有一羅漢，佛語優婆塞：『汝往問是比丘，云何名鹽？鹽有幾種？』即往到：和南阿闍梨，比丘言善來。便問言：『尊者云何名鹽？鹽有幾種？』比丘言：『我<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00709','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P709</span></i>已知。汝是<span class="zhuanming">法預</span>優婆塞，輕慢比丘僧，已與汝作覆鉢羯磨。故不足耶？我此間樂住，復來惱我。鹽正是鹽。』聞比丘語已，心懷惘然。還到佛所，佛知而故問：『汝問鹽義，得悉意不？』答言：『<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，是比丘少聞，未從師學，問鹽故言鹽。』時去佛不遠，復有一法師比丘，名<span class="zhuanming">弗絺盧</span>，佛語<span class="zhuanming">法預</span>：『汝往問彼比丘鹽義。』即往其所，言：阿闍梨和南。答言善來檀越。即語令坐。雖未問義，且聞命坐，便大歡喜，尋即就坐，問言：『尊者鹽有何義？』比丘答言：『此是好問。今當爲汝解鹽義者，二種味性。味者，如海水同一鹹味。性者，黑鹽﹑赤鹽﹑辛頭鹽﹑味拔遮鹽﹑毘攬鹽﹑迦遮鹽﹑私多鹽﹑比迦鹽，略説二種，若生若煮是名鹽。』聞已，心中喜悦，來至佛所。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4307" id="4314">〔三〕</a>朽宅：朽敗之宅，即火宅。喻指充滿痛苦的三界（<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>）。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>：「三界無安，猶如火宅，衆苦充滿，甚可怖畏，常有生﹑老﹑病﹑死憂患，如是等火，熾然不息，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>已離三界火宅。」又，「（<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>）生三界朽故火宅，爲度衆生生老病死﹑憂悲苦惱﹑愚癡闇蔽﹑三毒之火，教化令得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提」。按：朽故火宅的具體描寫，見<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>：「若國邑聚落有大長者，其年衰邁，財富無量，多有田宅及諸僮僕。其家廣大，唯有一門，多諸人衆，一百二百乃至五百人，止住其中。堂閣朽故，牆壁隤落，柱根腐敗，梁棟傾危。周匝俱時欻然火起，焚燒舍宅。長者諸子，若十二十，或至三十，在此宅中。長者見是大火從四面起，即大驚怖，而作是念：我雖能於此所燒之門安隱得出，而諸子等於火宅内樂著嬉戲，不覺﹑不知﹑不驚﹑不怖，火來逼身，苦痛切己，心不厭患，無求出意。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4308" id="4315">〔四〕</a>棟桴：屋樑。棟，正樑；桴，二梁。　杞梓：杞和梓，皆良材。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00710','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P710</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4309" id="4316">〔五〕</a>加行：爲入正位加力修行，故稱。舊譯方便。<span class="zhuanming">窺基</span><span class="shuming">成唯識論述記</span>卷九末：「舊言方便道，今言加行。顯與佛果善巧差别，因中行未圓足，所行必須加功求後勝果。果上萬行既滿，所行唯是方便利益有情，顯此二别，此名加行。」四加行位即暖加行﹑頂加行﹑忍加行﹑世第一加行，亦名四善根。四位修習圓滿，就可斷除我見，成就聲聞初果的見地，成爲聲聞解脱道中的初果聖人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4310" id="4317">〔六〕</a>野人：居國城之郊野的人，指<span class="zhuanming">牧牛難陀</span>。詳參後注。　智周萬物：天下萬物無所不知。形容知識淵博。出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「知周乎萬物而道濟天下。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4311" id="4318">〔七〕</a>難陀：意譯「歡喜」。<span class="zhuanming">牧牛難陀</span>：本爲牧牛者，<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>王曾請<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>及僧衆三月安居，時牧牛者住於附近，日日送乳酪而不懈怠。王甚嘉許，遂令之拜見<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>。牧者以<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>雖爲一切智人，然出自王宫，豈知牧牛之事？故於參詣佛時，以牧牛之事請問。佛即以十一事爲彼説牧牛之法，牧者始起恭敬心，並出家爲佛弟子。<span class="zhuanming">智圓</span><span class="shuming">維摩經略疏垂裕記</span>卷二：「<span class="shuming">大論</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">放牛難陀</span>問佛：『有幾法成熟令牛群蕃息？有幾法不成熟，令牛群不增？不得安穩？』佛答：『牧牛有十一事。……此十一事，即小乘附事觀心也。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span>所學，揔有五明。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一聲明，謂詮顯文字；二醫方明，謂醫術卜算；三工巧明，謂一切伎藝；四因明，謂宗因喻三，揩定邪正；五内明，謂識達因果，究暢真宗也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4337" id="4319">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【楷】苦駭切，模也，式也，法也。</span> <span>其攝拖苾馱，此曰聲明，則五明之一也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【攝拖苾馱】攝拖是聲，苾馱是明。</span> <span>以其廣記諸法聲教故也，而彼俗典，揔曰「<span class="shuming">毗何羯喇拏</span>」，舊曰「<span class="shuming">毗伽羅論</span>」也。大數有五，如<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00711','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P711</span></i>此方之五經焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4338" id="4320">〔二〕</a>。一曰<span class="shuming">悉曇章</span>，以成就吉祥爲義，被于創學之流也。本以四十九字相承，成一十八章，揔有一萬餘字，合三百餘頌。頌凡四句，句以八字，合三十二字，傳是<span class="zhuanming">大自在天</span>説<a class="zhuhao" href="#4339" id="4321">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此文在西天相傳，今不可盡知也。</span> <span>二<span class="shuming">蘇呾囉</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即素呾覽，此云契經，即解聲教之經也。</span> <span>則是一切聲明之根本正經也。略詮要議，有一千頌，是上古鴻儒<span class="zhuanming">波爾仙</span>所撰。其人爲<span class="zhuanming">大自在天</span>所護，面有三目<a class="zhuhao" href="#4340" id="4322">〔四〕</a>。三<span class="shuming">馱覩</span>。有一千頌，專顯字功，如上經矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4341" id="4323">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦如上經，是聲明之根本。</span> <span>四<span class="shuming">三棄囉</span>，是荒梗義。意比田隴之夫，創開畎畝<a class="zhuhao" href="#4342" id="4324">〔六〕</a>。其有三章，章各一千頌。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有三篇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【畎畝】上音畎，尺廣曰畎；下音母，二百四十步曰畝。傳云疇畝。</span> <span>廣顯聲韻，合成字體。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若此方之平側四聲，爲學之先也。</span> <span>五<span class="shuming">苾栗底蘇呾囉</span>，即是<span class="shuming">蘇呾囉</span>釋也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上之四件是正經，此下並解釋之者。</span> <span>上古造釋衆矣，於中妙者，有十八千頌，演其經本，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">演上四經也。</span> <span>是<span class="zhuanming">闍耶昳底</span>大學士所造，其人當此國之初矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">武德</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>間也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【昳】徒結切。</span> <span>凡造西土不習此者，於其所學徒然哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4343" id="4325">〔七〕</a>。其有<span class="shuming">苾栗底蘇呾囉議釋</span>二十四千頌，是學士<span class="zhuanming">鉢顛社<a class="zhuhao" href="#4344" id="4326">〔八〕</a>攞</span>所造，斯乃重顯前經<a class="zhuhao" href="#4345" id="4327">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">解前正經也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凡造】至也。【徒】虚費也。</span> <span>又有<span class="shuming">呵利伐㮹論</span>二十五千頌，廣叙人事聲明<a class="zhuhao" href="#4346" id="4328">〔一○〕</a>，諸家興廢，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若今書史。</span> <span>即以其人爲論目也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4347" id="4329">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【呵利伐㮹】傳云伐例呵利。㮹，知利切。</span> <span>凡此諸書，在異域法俗<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00712','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P712</span></i>通學，始爲有知矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4348" id="4330">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">異域，西國也。</span> <span>彼方論師，前則<span class="zhuanming">龍猛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬鳴</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">猛</span>即<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">南印度</span>梵志，造<span class="shuming">智論</span>十萬偈。<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">南印度</span>人，才超倫輩，國有<span class="zhuanming">大自在天</span>金鑄高二丈，以頗黎爲目<a class="zhuhao" href="#4349" id="4331">〔一三〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>鑿之，夢神索眼，以手出眼還之，遂闕一目，師<span class="zhuanming">龍猛</span>出家，爲外道所殺。<span class="zhuanming">馬鳴</span>者，師<span class="zhuanming">脅尊者</span>，本外道也，爲<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>王説法，馬垂淚悲鳴。又云：生時諸馬盡鳴，故名也。</span> <span>中則<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>人，佛滅九百年間出世。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧賢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僧賢</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>。<span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>造<span class="shuming">掌珍論</span>，以芥子擊<span class="zhuanming">脩羅窟</span>，待<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>出，問義也。</span> <span>近則<span class="zhuanming">陳那</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">護法</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法稱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戒賢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">師子月</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安慧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧護</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">戒賢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐三藏</span>往西國猶見之也。</span> <span>靡不具兹内外之典也。<span class="zhuanming">馬鳴大士</span>撰<span class="shuming">蘇遠<a class="zhuhao" href="#4350" id="4332">〔一四〕</a>拏太子歌詞</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太子好施捨男女等事。</span> <span>並<span class="shuming">本行詩</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">序佛成道等事，並<span class="shuming">佛所行讚</span>，今在藏内也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>以詩代書，寄<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span>國<span class="zhuanming">婆<a class="zhuhao" href="#4351" id="4333">〔一五〕</a>多婆漢那</span>。彼方之人，咸皆誦詠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若此方<span class="shuming">文選</span>等也。</span> <span>以爲華而典也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4352" id="4334">〔一六〕</a>。其有<span class="zhuanming">摩呾哩制咤</span>，承佛先記，廣興讚詠，初造四百頌，次造一百五十頌。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>，西土修詞者莫不鑽仰，祖習爲美焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4353" id="4335">〔一七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">論語</span>云：「鑽之彌堅，仰之彌高」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4354" id="4336">〔一八〕</a>。祖習，師承也。祖，宗也。習，學也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4319" id="4337">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「七歲之後，漸授五明大論：一曰聲明，釋詁訓字﹑詮目流别。二工巧明，伎術機關，陰陽曆數。三醫方明，禁呪閑邪，藥石針艾。四曰因明，考定正邪，研覈真僞。五曰内明，究暢五乘因果妙理。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4320" id="4338">〔二〕</a>攝拖苾馱：意譯「聲明」，有關文字﹑音韻及語法之學。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「攝拖苾馱，攝拖是<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00713','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P713</span></i>聲，苾馱是明，即五明論之一明也。<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>俗書，總名『毗何羯喇拏』，大數有五，同<span class="zhuanming">神州</span>之五經也（舊云毗伽羅論，音訛也）。」　<span class="shuming">毗何羯唎拏</span>：即<span class="shuming">毗伽羅</span>，又作<span class="shuming">毗耶羯刺諵</span>，意譯<span class="shuming">聲明記論</span>，是關於五明中聲明之俗書總名。<span class="shuming">大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>卷三曰：「<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>書，名爲<span class="shuming">記論</span>，其源無始，莫知作者。每於劫初，<span class="zhuanming">梵王</span>先説，傳授天人。以是<span class="zhuanming">梵王</span>所説，故曰<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>書。其言極廣，有百萬頌，即舊譯云<span class="shuming">毗伽羅論</span>者是也。然其音不正。若正，應云<span class="shuming">毗耶羯刺諵</span>（音女咸反），此翻名爲<span class="shuming">聲明記論</span>。以其廣記諸法能詮故，名<span class="shuming">聲明記論</span>。昔成劫之初，<span class="zhuanming">梵王</span>先説，具百萬頌。後至住劫之初，<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>又略爲十萬頌。其後<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span><span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span>婆羅門<span class="zhuanming">睹羅邑波膩尼仙</span>又略爲八千頌，即今<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>現行者是。近又<span class="zhuanming">南印度</span>婆羅門爲<span class="zhuanming">南印度</span>王，復略爲二千五百頌，邊鄙諸國多盛流行，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>博學之人所不遵習。此並<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>音字之本，其支分相助者。復有<span class="shuming">記論略經</span>，有一千頌，又有字體三百頌。又有字緣兩種：一名<span class="shuming">門擇迦</span>，三千頌。二名<span class="shuming">温那地</span>，二千六百頌。此辯字緣﹑字體。又有<span class="shuming">八界論</span>八百頌，此中略合字之緣﹑體。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4321" id="4339">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大自在天</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">摩醯首羅</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">莫醯伊濕伐羅</span>」，又作「<span class="zhuanming">自在天</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">自在天王</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">天主</span>」。佛教的守護神，住在<span class="zhuanming">第四禪天</span>。能知大千世界雨滴之數，獨尊於<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「一則創學<span class="shuming">悉談章</span>，亦名<span class="shuming">悉地羅窣睹</span>，斯乃小學標章之稱，但以成就吉祥爲目。本有四十九字，共相乘轉，成一十八章，總有一萬餘字，合三百餘頌。凡言一頌，乃有四句，一句八字，總成三十二言。更有小頌大頌，不可具述。六歲童子學之，六月方了。斯乃相傳是<span class="zhuanming">大自在天</span>之所説也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4322" id="4340">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「二謂<span class="shuming">蘇呾囉</span>，即是一切聲明之根本經也。譯爲略詮意明，略詮要義。有一千頌，是古博學鴻儒<span class="zhuanming">波尼儞</span>所造也。爲<span class="zhuanming">大自在天</span>之所加被，面現三目，時人方信，八歲童子八月<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00714','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P714</span></i>誦了。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4323" id="4341">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「三謂<span class="shuming">馱睹章</span>，有一千頌，專明字元，功如上經矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4324" id="4342">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「四謂<span class="shuming">三棄攞章</span>，是荒梗之義。意比田夫創開疇畎，應云<span class="shuming">三荒章</span>。一名<span class="shuming">頞瑟吒馱睹</span>（一千頌），二名<span class="shuming">文荼</span>（一千頌），三名<span class="shuming">鄔拏地</span>（一千頌）。<span class="shuming">馱睹</span>者，則意明七例，曉十羅聲，述二九之韻。……此<span class="shuming">三荒章</span>，十歲童子三年勤學，方解其義。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4325" id="4343">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「五謂<span class="shuming">苾栗底蘇呾羅</span>，即是前<span class="shuming">蘇呾囉</span>釋也。乃上古作釋，其類寔多。於中妙者，有十八千頌，演其經本，詳談衆義，盡寰中之規矩，極天人之軌則。十五童子，五歲方解。<span class="zhuanming">神州</span>之人，若向西方求學問者，要須知此，方可習餘。如其不然，空自勞矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4326" id="4344">〔八〕</a>社：原誤作「杜」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4327" id="4345">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「復有<span class="shuming">苾栗底蘇呾羅</span>議釋，名<span class="shuming">朱儞</span>，有二十四千頌，是學士<span class="zhuanming">鉢顛社攞</span>所造。斯乃重顯前經，擘肌分理，詳明後釋，剖折毫芒。明經學此，三歲方了，功與<span class="shuming">春秋</span><span class="shuming">周易</span>相似。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4328" id="4346">〔一○〕</a>聲明：聲音與光彩。後以喻聲教文明。語本<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">桓公二年</span>：「鍚鸞和鈴，昭其聲也；三辰旂旗，昭其明也。夫德，儉而有度，登降有數，文物以紀之，聲明以發之，以臨照百官。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4329" id="4347">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「次有<span class="shuming">伐㮹呵利論</span>，是前<span class="shuming">朱儞</span>議釋，即大學士<span class="zhuanming">伐㮹呵利</span>所造，有二十五千頌。斯則盛談人事聲明之要，廣叙諸家興廢之由，深明唯識善論因喻。此學士乃響振<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>，德流八極，徹信三寶，諦想二空，希勝法而出家，戀纏染而便俗。斯之往復，數有七焉。自非深信因果，誰能若此勤著？自嗟詩曰：由染便歸俗，離貪還服緇。如何兩種事，弄我若嬰兒？即是<span class="zhuanming">護法師</span>之同時<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00715','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P715</span></i>人也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4330" id="4348">〔一二〕</a>法俗：僧侣和俗人。　有知：有知識。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4331" id="4349">〔一三〕</a>頗黎：同「玻璃」。<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷八○八引<span class="shuming">梁四公子記</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">扶南</span>大舶從<span class="zhuanming">西天竺</span>來，賣碧頗黎鏡，面廣一尺五寸，重四十斤，内外皎潔，置五色物於其上，向明視之，不見其質。問其價，約錢百萬貫。<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>令有司筭之，傾府庫當之不足。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4332" id="4350">〔一四〕</a>遠：當爲「達」字之形誤。<span class="zhuanming">蘇達拏</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">蘇陀沙拏</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">須達拏</span>」等，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">善牙</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">善施</span>」等。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦如來</span>因位時，爲<span class="zhuanming">葉波國</span>太子，行檀波羅蜜時之名，又名<span class="zhuanming">須提梨拏</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">好愛</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">健馱邏國</span>：「城北有窣睹波，是<span class="zhuanming">蘇達拏太子</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">善牙</span>）以父王大象施婆羅門，蒙譴被擯，顧謝國人，既出郭門，於此告别。」<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「又尊者<span class="zhuanming">馬鳴</span>，亦造歌詞及<span class="shuming">莊嚴論</span>，並作<span class="shuming">佛本行</span>詩。大本若譯，有十餘卷。意述<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>始自王宫，終乎<span class="zhuanming">雙樹</span>。一代佛法，並緝爲詩。<span class="zhuanming">五天</span><span class="zhuanming">南海</span>，無不諷誦。意明字少而攝義能多，復令誦者心悦忘倦。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4333" id="4351">〔一五〕</a>婆：當爲「娑」字之形誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4334" id="4352">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「又<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>以詩代書，名爲<span class="shuming">蘇頡里離佉</span>，譯爲<span class="shuming">密友書</span>，寄與舊檀越南方大國王號<span class="zhuanming">娑多婆漢那</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">市寅得迦</span>，可謂文藻秀發，慰誨勤勤。……<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>創學之流，皆先誦此書讚。歸心繫仰之類，靡不研味終身。若神州法侣誦<span class="shuming">觀音</span>﹑<span class="shuming">遺教</span>，俗徒讀<span class="shuming">千文</span>﹑<span class="shuming">孝經</span>矣，莫不欽玩，用爲師範。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4335" id="4353">〔一七〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「且如尊者<span class="zhuanming">摩咥（丁結反）里制吒</span>者，乃西方宏才碩德，秀冠群英之人也。傳<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00716','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P716</span></i>云：昔佛在時，佛因親領徒衆人間遊行，時有鶯鳥，見佛相好儼若金山，乃於林内發和雅音，如似讚詠。佛乃顧諸弟子曰：此鳥見我歡喜，不覺哀鳴，緣斯福故，我没代後，獲得人身，名<span class="zhuanming">摩咥里制吒</span>，廣爲稱歎，讚我實德也。（摩咥里是母，制吒是兒也。）其人初依外道出家，事<span class="zhuanming">大自在天</span>，既是所尊，具申讚詠。後乃見所記名，翻心奉佛，染衣出俗，廣興讚歎。悔前非之已往，遵勝轍於將來。自悲不遇大師，但逢遺像，遂抽盛藻，仰符授記，讚佛功德，初造<span class="shuming">四百讚</span>，次造<span class="shuming">一百五十讚</span>。總陳六度，明<span class="zhuanming">佛世尊</span>所有勝德。斯可謂文情婉麗，共天蘤而齊芳；理致清高，與地岳而争峻。西方造讚頌者，莫不咸同祖習。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">世親菩薩</span>，悉皆仰趾。故<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>之地初出家者，亦既誦得五戒十戒，即須先教誦斯二讚，無問大乘﹑小乘，咸同遵此。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4336" id="4354">〔一八〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>喟然歎曰：『仰之彌高，鑽之彌堅，瞻之在前，忽焉在後，夫子循循然善誘人。博我以文，約我以禮，欲罷不能。既竭吾才，如有所立卓爾。雖欲從之，未由也已。』」</span> </p><p> <span>其<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>以婆羅門爲上，不齒餘三姓<a class="zhuhao" href="#4363" id="4355">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">婆羅門，本<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>苗裔，德尊也。刹帝利，但貴爾，故皆不及也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【齒】録也。</span> <span>故有四<span class="shuming">圍陁</span>書<a class="zhuhao" href="#4364" id="4356">〔二〕</a>，可十萬偈。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一云<span class="shuming">阿由</span>，此云方命，謂醫方等；二云<span class="shuming">殊夜</span>，謂祭祀書也；三<span class="shuming">婆麽</span>，謂禮儀﹑卜相﹑音樂﹑戰法諸事等也；四<span class="shuming">阿達婆</span>，謂呪術等。皆<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>所説也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圍陀】訛也。應云薩陀，是明解義。</span> <span>咸悉口相傳授，不書皮貝<a class="zhuhao" href="#4365" id="4357">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七歲就師，口誦學之。學成，爲國之師也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皮貝】皮，桑穀也，可以爲帋。貝乃貝多樹也，其葉可書。傳云帋葉也。</span> <span>彼國相承云：有學聰明法，一謂覆審生智，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂推求道理，審覆義味也。</span> <span>二顯字母</span> <span class="font12 zhu">從字生字，從聲生聲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00717','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P717</span></i>也。</span> <span>安神<a class="zhuhao" href="#4366" id="4358">〔四〕</a>。旬月之内，思若湧泉。計無此法，則無以誦群言如激箭也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4367" id="4359">〔五〕</a>。昔者<span class="zhuanming">佛陁耶舍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>則其人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4368" id="4360">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【思】去。</span> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span>至于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，將事翻譯，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人試之，授以<span class="zhuanming">羌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4369" id="4361">〔七〕</a>籍藥方及諸書，於三日誦畢<a class="zhuhao" href="#4370" id="4362">〔八〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">求那</span>所誦，几百餘萬言。諸來三藏，罕有不至此者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羌籍】上去羊切，西戎名也。簿籍也，乃<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>人户口也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4355" id="4363">〔一〕</a>不齒：不與同列，不收録，表示鄙視。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">秋官</span><span class="shuming">大司寇</span>：「其能改過，反于中國，不齒三年。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「不齒者，不得以年次列於平民。」　三姓：指刹帝利﹑吠舍和首陀羅。<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>種姓制度將人分爲四個不同等級：婆羅門﹑刹帝利﹑吠舍和首陀羅。婆羅門即僧侣，刹帝利即武士﹑王公﹑貴族等，吠舍即商人，首陀羅即農民。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4356" id="4364">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">圍陀</span>：又作「韋陀」﹑「毗陀」﹑「吠陀」等，意譯「明智」﹑「明分」等，婆羅門所傳經典之名。大本别爲四分。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「其婆羅門，學四<span class="shuming">吠陀論</span>（舊曰<span class="shuming">毗陀</span>，訛也）。一曰壽，謂養生繕性；二曰祠，謂享祭祈禱；三曰平，謂禮儀﹑占卜﹑兵法﹑軍陣；四曰術，謂異能﹑伎數﹑禁咒﹑醫方。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4357" id="4365">〔三〕</a>貝：指貝多羅葉，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>常用以寫經。<span class="shuming">大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>卷三：「即一切論議，經三月安居中集三藏訖，書之貝葉，方遍流通。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4358" id="4366">〔四〕</a>字母：又作悉曇字數。指悉曇之摩多（意譯作母﹑韻）與體文（意譯作子﹑音）。此爲生諸字之母，故稱爲字母。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4359" id="4367">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>之地，皆以婆羅門爲貴勝。凡有座席，並不與餘三姓同行。自外雜<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00718','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P718</span></i>類，故宜遠矣。所尊典誥，有四<span class="shuming">薜陀</span>書，可十萬頌。『薜陀』是明解義，先云『圍陀』者，訛也。咸悉口相傳授，而不書之於紙葉。每有聰明婆羅門，誦斯十萬，即如西方相承，有學聰明法。一謂覆審生智，二則字母安神。旬月之間，思若泉湧。一聞便領，無假再談。親睹其人，固非虚耳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4360" id="4368">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">佛陀耶舍傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">佛陀耶舍</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">覺明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>人也，婆羅門種。」「至年十五，誦經日得二三萬言。」「至年十九，誦大小乘經數百萬言。」「乃從其舅學五明諸論，世間法術，多所練習。」　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">求那跋摩傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">功德鎧</span>，本刹利種。」「至年二十，出家受戒。洞明九部，博曉<span class="shuming">四含</span>。誦經百餘萬言，深達律品，妙入禪要，時號曰『三藏法師』。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4361" id="4369">〔七〕</a>羌：底本﹑<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作「差」，誤。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>所引，即作「羌」字。<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷七九四「四夷部」引<span class="shuming">風俗通</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>本西戎卑賤者也，主牧羊，故羌字從羊，人因以爲號。無君臣上下，健者爲豪，不能相一，種别群分，彊者凌弱，轉相抄盜。男子戰死以爲吉，病終者謂之凶。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4362" id="4370">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">佛陀耶舍傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span>先誦<span class="shuming">曇無德律</span>，僞司隸校尉<span class="zhuanming">姚爽</span>請令出之。<span class="zhuanming">興</span>疑其遺謬，乃請<span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span>令誦<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>籍藥方，可五萬言。經二日，乃執文覆之，不誤一字，衆服其强記，即以<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>十二年譯出<span class="shuming">四分律</span>，凡四十四卷，并<span class="shuming">長阿含</span>等。」</span> </p><p> <span>華夏自<span class="zhuanming">燧人氏</span>仰觀斗極<a class="zhuhao" href="#4379" id="4371">〔一〕</a>，以定方名，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>󲳴󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#4380" id="4372">〔二〕</a>，民之純鈍。但識其母，不識其父。只知蔽前，不知蔽後。飢則求食，飽則棄餘。<span class="zhuanming">太昊</span>伏而化之，故曰<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>。仰觀天文，俯察地理，以辨方物也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斗極】北斗﹑極星也，以斗柄所指之方爲月建也。【伏犧】<span class="zhuanming">太昊氏</span>。因服乘牛馬，故曰<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">庖犧</span>用<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00719','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P719</span></i>之而畫八卦，造書契，至若<span class="shuming">三墳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">五典</span>﹑<span class="shuming">八索</span>﹑<span class="shuming">九丘</span>，皆古之遺書，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">三墳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>之書。<span class="shuming">五典</span>，<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>之書。<span class="shuming">八索</span>，八卦之書。<span class="shuming">九丘</span>，九州之志。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【畫八卦】上音獲，分也。各以三畫連斷而成八卦是也。卦，古賣切，樹也。如懸掛物象，令人知曉者也。【契】約也。用木分而爲約也。【墳】<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>書也。【八索】下求也。後<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>讚<span class="shuming">易</span>而黜<span class="shuming">八索</span>。【九丘】下聚也。謂九州風物所聚也。<span class="zhuanming">冀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">兖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">青</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">徐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">豫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雍</span>謂之九州。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">楚倚氏</span>之所讀者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4381" id="4373">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">楚靈王</span>時，左史<span class="zhuanming">倚相</span>能讀<span class="shuming">三墳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">五典</span>﹑<span class="shuming">八索</span>﹑<span class="shuming">九丘</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【倚氏】<span class="zhuanming">楚靈王</span>太史者也。</span> <span>洎<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>删<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑定禮樂﹑贊<span class="shuming">易</span>道﹑修<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，振崩壞之俗，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>自<span class="zhuanming">幽</span><span class="zhuanming">厲</span>之後，東遷<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>，諸侯專征，禮樂崩壞。<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>十一年，夫子自<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>反<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，十四年獲麟，遂修<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，删<span class="shuming">詩</span>，定<span class="shuming">禮</span>，正崩壞之俗。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【删】音山，削也。【定】安也，立也，正也。【贊】佐也，助也。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>造<span class="shuming">十翼</span>，上下<span class="shuming">繫</span>，上下<span class="shuming">象</span>，上下<span class="shuming">彖</span>﹑<span class="shuming">文言</span>﹑<span class="shuming">叙卦</span>﹑<span class="shuming">説卦</span>﹑<span class="shuming">雜卦</span>，謂之十翼也。【振】整也，救也。</span> <span>故有六經焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">春秋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">周易</span>﹑<span class="shuming">尚書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">樂章</span>。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「温柔敦厚，<span class="shuming">詩</span>教也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">「不學<span class="shuming">詩</span>，無以言。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孔子曰】文見<span class="shuming">家語</span>。</span> <span>疏通知遠，<span class="shuming">書</span>教也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">正王言之道。</span> <span>廣博易良，<span class="shuming">樂</span>教也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">和民之情。</span> <span>潔浄精微，<span class="shuming">易</span>教也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">窮理盡性。</span> <span>恭儉莊敬，<span class="shuming">禮</span>教也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">安上治民。</span> <span>屬辭比事，<span class="shuming">春秋</span>教也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4382" id="4374">〔四〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">正褒貶之道，事類相近也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">左氏</span><span class="shuming">國語</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">左丘明</span>以<span class="shuming">春秋</span>事義未盡，置<span class="shuming">國語</span>以互見也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">馬遷</span><span class="shuming">史記</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span>得罪，囚蠶室，因修<span class="shuming">史記</span>，以至<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>時，凡一百三十卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>以後，皆有書誌。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">前漢書</span>一百二十卷，<span class="zhuanming">司馬彪</span><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>八十卷<a class="zhuhao" href="#4383" id="4375">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">陳壽</span><span class="shuming">三國志</span>等，諸國書籍極多。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誌】記也。【國語】二十一篇。新<span class="shuming">國語</span>五十四篇，<span class="zhuanming">劉向</span>分<span class="shuming">國語</span>也。【司馬彪】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00720','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P720</span></i><span class="shuming">續漢書</span>八十三卷，<span class="zhuanming">宣城</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">范曄</span><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>壹百卷，<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">漢紀</span>三十卷。【三國志】六十五卷。</span> <span>兼乎百氏，備于<span class="zhuanming">金馬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石渠</span>之目<a class="zhuhao" href="#4384" id="4376">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>藏書之府。又近有<span class="shuming">經籍志</span>，<span class="shuming">吴氏西齊</span>，<span class="shuming">毋氏東齊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4385" id="4377">〔七〕</a>，皆見其目。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【百氏】有云白氏，悮。</span> <span>至若文章之始，歌<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>頌<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>，逮<span class="zhuanming">周</span>德下衰，詩人盛矣。詩人之後，騷﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>變於風雅，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">騷，<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋玉</span>也。皆六國時人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騷】<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>作<span class="shuming">離騷</span>上下經也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">賈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">班</span>，漸變乎騷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">班固</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">建<a class="zhuhao" href="#4386" id="4378">〔八〕</a>安</span>變乎<span class="zhuanming">賈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢獻帝</span>時。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【建安】二十五年。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>已降，<span class="shuming">咸</span><span class="shuming">韶</span>不接。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">咸</span><span class="shuming">韶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之樂。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【咸韶】<span class="shuming">咸池</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>樂也。下韶也，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>樂也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>之間，花繪相擬。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">沈約</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">任昉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【花繪】花，英也；下胡檜切，彩畫也。【擬】比度也。【謝安】宜是<span class="zhuanming">謝朓</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4371" id="4379">〔一〕</a>斗極：北斗星與北極星。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span><span class="shuming">釋地</span>：「北戴斗極爲<span class="zhuanming">空桐</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「斗，北斗也。極者，中宫天極星。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4372" id="4380">〔二〕</a>底本漫漶不清。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4373" id="4381">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十二年</span>：「左史<span class="zhuanming">倚相</span>趨過。王曰：『是良史也，子善視之！是能讀<span class="shuming">三墳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">五典</span>﹑<span class="shuming">八索</span>﹑<span class="shuming">九丘</span>。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「皆古書名。」<span class="zhuanming">賈逵</span>注：「<span class="shuming">三墳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>之書；<span class="shuming">五典</span>，<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>之典；<span class="shuming">八索</span>，八王之法；<span class="shuming">九丘</span>，九州亡國之戒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4374" id="4382">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">經解</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：入其國，其教可知也。其爲人也，温柔敦厚，<span class="shuming">詩</span>教也；疏通知遠，<span class="shuming">書</span>教也；廣博易良，<span class="shuming">樂</span>教也；挈静精微，<span class="shuming">易</span>教也；恭儉莊敬，<span class="shuming">禮教</span>也；屬辭比事，<span class="shuming">春秋</span>教也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00721','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P721</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4375" id="4383">〔五〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">司馬彪</span>之作，爲<span class="shuming">續漢書</span>。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>則爲<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span><span class="zhuanming">范曄</span>之作。<span class="zhuanming">司馬彪</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">紹統</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">高陽王</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬睦</span>之長子。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷八二有傳。傳云：「<span class="zhuanming">漢氏</span>中興，訖于<span class="zhuanming">建安</span>，忠臣義士亦以昭著，而時無良史，記述煩雜，<span class="zhuanming">譙周</span>雖已删除，然猶未盡，<span class="zhuanming">安</span><span class="zhuanming">順</span>以下，亡缺者多。<span class="zhuanming">彪</span>乃討論衆書，綴其所聞，起于<span class="zhuanming">世祖</span>，終於<span class="zhuanming">孝獻</span>，編年二百，録世十二，通綜上下，旁貫庶事，爲紀﹑志﹑傳凡八十篇，號曰<span class="shuming">續漢書</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">范曄</span><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>出，<span class="zhuanming">司馬彪</span><span class="shuming">續漢書</span>漸被淘汰，惟有八志因補入<span class="zhuanming">范</span>書而得以保留下來。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4376" id="4384">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">金馬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石渠</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">漢代</span>國家藏書之所。<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">兩都賦</span><span class="shuming">序</span>：「内設<span class="zhuanming">金馬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石渠</span>之署，外興樂府協律之事。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4377" id="4385">〔七〕</a>毋：底本﹑<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「母」。<span class="shuming">吴氏西齊</span>：<span class="shuming">郡齋讀書志</span>卷八：「<span class="shuming">吴氏西齋書目</span>一卷，右<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">吴兢</span>録其家藏書，凡一萬三千四百六十八卷。<span class="zhuanming">兢</span>自撰書，附於正史之末，又有續鈔書列於後。」　<span class="shuming">毋氏東齊</span>，當即<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">毋煚</span><span class="shuming">古今書録</span>。原書四十卷，已佚。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4378" id="4386">〔八〕</a>建：原誤作「逮」字。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>所引，即爲「建安」。</span> </p><p> <span>此方六書，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">象形﹑指事﹑會意﹑形聲﹑轉注﹑假借也。</span> <span>定文字之所出，故窮大篆則於文字之不惑也；彼方六釋<a class="zhuhao" href="#4403" id="4387">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一持業；二依主，分出依士；三相違；四帶數，分同依士；五鄰近；六有財也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【六釋】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云沙三摩娑，此云六離合。離則解義，合則作釋。【分出依士】如眼之識，根發義勝，故名依主。如無主義名依，如洗面之盆也。【分同依士】應云可有依士，如四不壞信，雖帶其數，是四不壞之信，依士釋也。</span> <span>辯名題之因致，故窮世語典語，則於名題有得矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一切真俗世諦名題<a class="zhuhao" href="#4404" id="4388">〔二〕</a>，皆以六釋攝之，無不辯認宗旨者也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支道林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">什</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>門四聖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">融</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">睿</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00722','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P722</span></i><span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">道安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">彦琮</span>，國初<span class="zhuanming">浄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宣</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">概</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">慧浄</span>，<span class="zhuanming">道宣</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明概</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【林】<span class="zhuanming">法林</span>也。【明概】有云朗，悮。</span> <span>靡不洞閑本教，該涉經史，研綜詞翰，咸事著述，極夫匡紹者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4405" id="4389">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>譯經之高僧。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洞閑】洞，深也，曉也。閑，習也，暇也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「博聞强識而讓，敦善行而不怠，謂之君子。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4406" id="4390">〔四〕</a>僧也。<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>注<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>，希玄之賓，高其致也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4407" id="4391">〔五〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">慧浄</span>撰<span class="shuming">英華集</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">詩集。</span> <span>麗藻之士，美其鑒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4408" id="4392">〔六〕</a>。由是表正人天，折衝師律，文場法苑<a class="zhuhao" href="#4409" id="4393">〔七〕</a>，何世曠能？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麗藻】美著文藻。【禮曰】<span class="shuming">曲禮</span>也。【支遁】<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>注<span class="shuming">逍遥</span>等，其古今解釋不同，有三：一<span class="zhuanming">顧桐栢</span>﹑二<span class="zhuanming">支道林</span>﹑三<span class="zhuanming">王穆夜</span>。昔<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>嘗在<span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>與<span class="zhuanming">劉系之</span>等談<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>云：各以適性爲逍遥。<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>曰：不然。夫<span class="zhuanming">桀</span><span class="zhuanming">跖</span>以殘害爲性，若適性爲得者，則彼亦得逍遥矣。於是而退注曰：逍遥者，物物而不物於物，故逍然不待我，感而不疾而速，故遥然靡所不爲。以斯而遊於天下，故曰逍遥。此乃大意也。【鑒】照察也。【折衝】上音折，下尺容切，當也。如<span class="zhuanming">孫叔敖</span>羽扇晝寢，折衝千里。【曠】絶也。</span> <span>嘗有客聽<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>實相義，往復移時，彌增疑昧。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>引<span class="shuming">莊子</span>，義爲連類，惑者乃悟，自後<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>時聽<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>不廢俗典<a class="zhuhao" href="#4410" id="4394">〔八〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>年</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>也。</span> <span>巳日，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三月三也。</span> <span>車駕臨曲水，命<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>與朝士賦詩，<span class="zhuanming">觀</span>即座先獻<a class="zhuhao" href="#4411" id="4395">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曲水】引水曲施行盃也，今之流盃是也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">建德</span>年，<span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">周弘正</span>來聘，詢謀談士，<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>首應之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周武帝</span>時也。</span> <span>大駕親臨釋奠，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>當席抑揚，<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>人敷袵，稽首拜聽<a class="zhuhao" href="#4412" id="4396">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">展衣襟作禮而聽也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【釋奠】下音電，薦也，陳也，定也，列也。春秋仲月上巳日，設尊禮於國學，曰釋奠。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00723','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P723</span></i>凡始立學者，必釋奠於先聖先師。<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，謂之先聖；<span class="shuming">禮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">樂</span>﹑<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">書</span>之官，謂之先師。【抑揚】抑，按也；揚，舉也。【衽】衣襟也。</span> <span>因構詩四十首簡<span class="zhuanming">延</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4413" id="4397">〔一一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>用其韻酬和，如宿誦焉。彼乃圖<span class="zhuanming">延</span>形像歸于<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>都<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>【構】成也。【簡】禮也，牒也。【圖】畫也。</span> <span>晨夕向北致禮，以爲<span class="zhuanming">曇延菩薩</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4414" id="4398">〔一二〕</a>。夫世以容詞德行，難以求備之仁也，難語其闕，真可謂堂堂乎難與並爲仁矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4415" id="4399">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>之容，<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4416" id="4400">〔一四〕</a>詞，<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>德行，各有偏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4417" id="4401">〔一五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【世以容詞德行】夫容辭德行，不可求備一人。如仁也，不必具容詞，如<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span><span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>是也；故<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：以皃取人，失之于<span class="zhuanming">子羽</span>；以辭取人，失之<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>。此之謂也。堂堂乎，<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：堂堂乎，<span class="zhuanming">張</span>也！難與並爲仁矣。言<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>容儀堂堂然盛，于仁道則薄也。<span class="shuming">録</span>意翻顯<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>容詞德行皆備，不爾，此文無用也。【難語其闕】上平呼，不易也。又，去呼，患也。或宜試字，誠語其闕者，下文是也。【子貢】子責悮也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>初出家，師令誦經，執卷矢曰：「我於三藏洎儒教，必望通曉。」無或以渝其志，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">渝，變也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矢】誓也，陳也。</span> <span>由是學光時彦，世號「<span class="zhuanming">裕菩薩</span>」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4418" id="4402">〔一六〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4387" id="4403">〔一〕</a>六釋：即六離合釋﹑六合釋，指解釋<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語複合詞（二語或二語以上之合成語）的六種方法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4388" id="4404">〔二〕</a>世諦：亦稱「俗諦」，指世俗人所見的道理。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷三八：「佛法中有二諦，一者世諦，二者第一義諦。爲世諦故，説有衆生；爲第一義諦故，説衆生無所有。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4389" id="4405">〔三〕</a>研綜：研習綜括。　詞翰：詩文，辭章。　匡：糾正，匡扶。　紹：繼承。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4390" id="4406">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00724','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P724</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4391" id="4407">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">關氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>人，或云<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">林慮</span>人。幼有神理，聰明秀徹。……於是退而注<span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>，群儒舊學，莫不歎服。……<span class="zhuanming">王</span>（<span class="zhuanming">羲之</span>）謂<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>曰：『<span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>可得聞乎？』<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>乃作數千言，標揭新理，才藻驚絶。<span class="zhuanming">王</span>遂披衿解帶，流連不能已。」<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">文學</span><span class="zhuanming">劉義慶</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span><span class="shuming">逍遥論</span>：「夫逍遥者，明至人之心也。<span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>建言大道，而寄指鵬鷃。鵬以營生之路曠，故失適於體外，鷃以在近而笑遠，有矜伐於心内。至人乘天正而高興，遊無窮於放浪，物物而不物於物，則遥然不失我得；玄感不爲，不疾而速，則消然靡不適，此所以爲逍遥也。若夫有欲當其所足，足於所足，快然有似天真，猶饑者一飽，渴者一盈，豈忘烝嘗於糗糧，絶觴爵於醪醴哉？苟非至足，豈所以逍遥乎？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4392" id="4408">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">釋慧浄</span>（五六七—六四五年），<span class="zhuanming">常山</span><span class="zhuanming">真定</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河北</span><span class="zhuanming">正定</span>）人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷三：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧浄</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">房氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">常山</span><span class="zhuanming">真定</span>人也。家世儒宗，鄉邦稱美。<span class="zhuanming">浄</span>即<span class="zhuanming">隋朝</span>國子博士<span class="zhuanming">徽遠</span>之猶子也。」「<span class="zhuanming">浄</span>以人之作者，差非奇挺。乃搜采近代藻鋭者，撰<span class="shuming">詩英華</span>一帙十卷，識者懷鉛，探其冠冕。<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>諮議<span class="zhuanming">劉孝孫</span>，文才翹拔，爲之序曰：『<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教之爲義也大矣哉！智識所不能名言，視聽所不得聞見。<span class="zhuanming">馬鳴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>，弘聖旨於前；<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，闡微言於後。至於紹高蹤而孤引，踵逸軌以遐征，誰之謂歟？<span class="zhuanming">慧浄法師</span>即其人矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4393" id="4409">〔七〕</a>表正：謂以身作則。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">仲虺之誥</span>：「天乃錫王勇智，表正萬邦，纘<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>舊服。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「言天舉王勇智，應爲民主，儀表天下，法正萬國。」　折衝：本指使敵人的戰車後撤。衝，戰車。這裏即制敵取勝之意。　師律：軍隊的紀律，這裏指戒律。語本<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">師</span>：「象曰：師出以律，失律，凶也。」　文場：猶文壇。　法苑：指佛法所在之處。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00725','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P725</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4394" id="4410">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>（三三四—四一六年），<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>名僧。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">賈氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">雁門</span><span class="zhuanming">婁煩</span>人也。……年二十四，便就講説。嘗有客聽講，難實相義，往復移時，彌增疑昧。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃引<span class="shuming">莊子</span>義爲連類，於是惑者曉然。是後<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>特聽<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>不廢俗書。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4395" id="4411">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧觀傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧觀</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清河</span>人，十歲便以博見馳名。……<span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>初三月上已，車駕臨曲水讌會，命<span class="zhuanming">觀</span>與朝士賦詩。<span class="zhuanming">觀</span>即坐先獻，文旨清婉，事適當時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4396" id="4412">〔一○〕</a>釋奠：在學校設置酒食以奠祭先聖先師的一種典禮。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">文王世子</span>：「凡學，春官釋奠于其先師，秋冬亦如之。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「釋奠者，設薦饌酌奠而已。」　敷袵：解開襟袵，表示坦誠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4397" id="4413">〔一一〕</a>簡：檢驗，試探。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4398" id="4414">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇延</span>，俗緣<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人也。……有<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>躬使<span class="zhuanming">周弘正</span>者……以<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">建德</span>中年，銜命入<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。帝訝其機捷，舉朝恧采，敕境内能言之士，不限道俗，及搜采岩穴遁逸高世者，可與<span class="zhuanming">弘正</span>對論，不得墜于國風。時<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">中山公宇文氏</span>，夙承令範，乃表上曰：『<span class="zhuanming">曇延法師</span>器識弘偉，風神爽拔。年雖未立，而英辯難繼者也。』帝乃總集賢能，期日釋奠，躬御禮筵，朝宰畢至。時<span class="zhuanming">周國</span>僧望二人，倫次登座，發言將訖，尋被<span class="zhuanming">正</span>難，征據重疊，投解莫通。帝及群僚，一朝失色。<span class="zhuanming">延</span>座居末第，未忍斯慚，便不次而起。帝曰：『位未至，何事輒起？』<span class="zhuanming">延</span>曰：『若是他方大士，可藉大德相臨。今乃遠國微臣，小僧足堪支敵。』<span class="zhuanming">延</span>徑升高座。帝又曰：『何爲不禮三寶？』答曰：『自力兼擬，未假聖賢加助。』帝大悦。<span class="zhuanming">正</span>遂構情陳難，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>乃引義開關。而<span class="zhuanming">正</span>頗挾機調，用前殿後。<span class="zhuanming">延</span>乘勢挫拉，事等摧枯。因即頂拜伏膺，慨知歸之晚，自陳云：『弟子三國履歷，訪可師之師，不言今日乃遇於此<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00726','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P726</span></i>矣。』即請奉而受戒，晝夜咨問，永用宗之。及返<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>之時，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>所著義門並其儀貌，並録以歸國，每夕北禮，以爲<span class="zhuanming">曇延菩薩</span>焉。初<span class="zhuanming">正</span>辭<span class="zhuanming">延</span>日，預構風雲山海詩四十首，並抽拔奇思，用上於<span class="zhuanming">延</span>，以留後别。及一經目，竟不重尋，命筆和之，題如宿誦，酬同本韻，意寔弘通。<span class="zhuanming">正</span>大服焉，更無陳對，乃跪而啓曰：『願示一言，緘諸胸臆。』<span class="zhuanming">延</span>曰：『爲賓設席賓不坐，離人極遠熱如火，規矩之用皮中裹。』<span class="zhuanming">正</span>曰：『此則常存意矣。』帝以<span class="zhuanming">延</span>悟發天真，五衆傾則，便授爲國統。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4399" id="4415">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子張</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>曰：『吾友<span class="zhuanming">張</span>也爲難能也，然而未仁。』」「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『堂堂乎<span class="zhuanming">張</span>也，難與並爲仁矣。』」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span>集解引<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>曰：「言<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>容儀盛而於仁道薄也。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>曰：「堂堂，容貌之盛。言其務外自高，不可輔而爲仁，亦不能有以輔人之仁也。<span class="zhuanming">范氏</span>曰『<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>外有餘而内不足，故門人皆不與其爲仁。子曰：「剛﹑毅﹑木﹑訥近仁。」寧外不足而内有餘，庶可以爲仁矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4400" id="4416">〔一四〕</a>貢：原誤作「責」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4401" id="4417">〔一五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「德行：<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔子騫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉伯牛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲弓</span>；言語：<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>；政事：<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">季路</span>；文學：<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4402" id="4418">〔一六〕</a>矢：通「誓」，發誓。　光：照耀。　<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>（五一八—六○五年）<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">曲陽</span>（今屬<span class="zhuanming">河北</span>）人，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">釋靈裕傳</span>：「既初染大法，敕令誦經，<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>執卷而誓曰：『我今將學，必先要心，三藏微言，定當窮旨，終無處中下之流。暨於儒<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>兩教，遍須通曉也。』……曾與諸僧共談儒教，旁有講席，參涉間聞，兩聽同散，竟以相聞，覆述句義，並無一遺。由此<span class="zhuanming">鄴下</span>擅名，遐邇馳譽。且而剛梗嚴毅，守節自專。至於都講覆述，勵懷非任。世供道望，銷聲避隱。有事不獲已者，讓而受之。夏<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00727','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P727</span></i>居十二，<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>京創講，名節既著，言令若新。預聽歸依，遂號爲『<span class="zhuanming">裕菩薩</span>』也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>暮年，詔捨道法<a class="zhuhao" href="#4438" id="4419">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">弘明集</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>初崇道，至<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>二年，捨道歸佛。」具有文也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4439" id="4420">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暮年】應云中年，是<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>三年也。</span> <span>兼鄙儒教。彼或慮人深溺不返，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人令習外典，但使知之，慮成耽惑，溺於邪徑。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鄙】陋也。【溺】乃歷切，沉没也。</span> <span>或正失其極，將亡之數也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若失其正，則迷於理。</span> <span>夫有益於生民，<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>未嘗祛之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">儒道之教，皆益於人，是以吾教不必除之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祛】除也。</span> <span>故經曰：不壞俗諦而建立真諦。彼二教仁智所行，亦人天之報也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如清虚寡欲，仁孝忠信，皆人天之行者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經曰】<span class="shuming">維摩經</span>云：雖行三界而不壞法性。</span> <span>但報在人天，爲道之門階，何必捨而鄙之也？聖人不私己，豈以己不欲而施天下乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不可以己不欲而令天下皆黜之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聖人不私己】聖人以百姓心爲心，不私有己身也。【施】平呼。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：己所不欲，勿施於人<a class="zhuhao" href="#4440" id="4421">〔三〕</a>。【黜】丑律切，貶也。</span> <span>今重名教<a class="zhuhao" href="#4441" id="4422">〔四〕</a>，彼猶無親踈；重禮樂，彼猶無君臣；重律曆，彼猶昧寒暑；重刑法，彼猶亂彝典；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彝，常也。典，法也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重】直隴切，多也，厚也，善也，尊敬也；下皆准知。【猶】尚也。【律曆】<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>已來，皆有<span class="shuming">律曆志</span>。【彝】音夷，常也，法也。</span> <span>重廉讓，彼猶規僭競；重道德，彼猶尚浮僞。況加之使人後二教，混沌若鳥獸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人若不習二教，與鳥獸何别也！<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【競】奔也。【混沌】清濁不分。【若鳥獸】人不知今古，如馬牛而衿裾。</span> <span>而欲訓之以無生乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">儒道尚昧，何由示之真理？</span> <span>夫欲絢美玄黄，先潔其素<a class="zhuhao" href="#4442" id="4423">〔五〕</a>；欲涉道德，先履仁<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00728','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P728</span></i>義。故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>遺法二千年，而<span class="zhuanming">中華</span>之人以先有<span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>虚無﹑仁智而後識精真之教，迴向崇奉者<a class="zhuhao" href="#4443" id="4424">〔六〕</a>，門門如日教之矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">孝經</span>曰：「非家至而日見之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4444" id="4425">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【絢】許縣切，焕文彩皃。</span> <span>四夷之人，非二教所覃，于今猶不能齋戒，而況能神遊八解之理乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4445" id="4426">〔八〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八解脱觀，名如内有觀，外無色等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【四夷】東夷西戎，南蠻北狄。【覃】及也，延也。【解脱】是棄背義。【觀】去呼。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教籍二教以爲前驅也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">前導也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">老</span>教云自然者，蓋真如相似之名也。言萬物自然者，謂自然之道與萬物爲一，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬物者，有爲事法也。自然者，無爲真理也。萬物事法與無爲真理不即不離也。</span> <span>非萬物不由因緣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不言萬物不從因緣而生也。</span> <span>稱之曰自然也。今説者未達，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">異執之徒也。</span> <span>乃毁内教因緣之義，妄發揮自然之理，斯乃與<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>外道同見，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如自然外道云：誰尖棘刺畫禽獸，誰掘河海與川源，暴風卒起還自定，萬法須知皆自然<a class="zhuhao" href="#4446" id="4427">〔九〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【發】啓也。【揮】振也。【誰尖荆棘】此颂與<span class="shuming">大婆沙</span>有少不同，請詳<a class="zhuhao" href="#4447" id="4428">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>豈謂<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>之貳化歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">清浄法行經</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>是<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>所化也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貳】副也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">洙</span><span class="zhuanming">泗</span>之門<a class="zhuhao" href="#4448" id="4429">〔一一〕</a>，以仁爲至行，非道德則必先於仁矣。故雖<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也可使治千乘之賦，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">諸侯之賦，可使<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>治之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【千乘之賦】言<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也有勇，决千乘之大國，可使治其兵賦。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">赤</span>也可使束帶立於朝<a class="zhuhao" href="#4449" id="4430">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">公西華</span>可使爲通使之官，立朝與賓客言也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【赤也】<span class="zhuanming">公西赤</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子華</span>。子曰：儐相兩君之事，篤雅有節，是<span class="zhuanming">公西赤</span>之行也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">子文</span>無三已之色，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">楚</span>令尹，姓<span class="zhuanming">鬪</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">穀</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">烏兔</span>，三仕爲令尹，不喜。三已去職，亦不愠。舊令尹之政，必告新令尹。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【已】退<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00729','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P729</span></i>也。【名穀】奴豆切，乳也。或穀，音構，乳也。本皆穀字，未詳。【烏兔】<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：於兔，於，音烏。菟，音塗。<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>大夫名<span class="zhuanming">穀於菟</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子文</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">陳文子</span>棄十乘之馬，求其仁稱，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">陳須無</span>也。時<span class="zhuanming">崔杼</span>弑君，<span class="zhuanming">文子</span>棄四十匹馬而奔，惡之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陳文子】<span class="zhuanming">崔杼</span>弑其君，<span class="zhuanming">陳文子</span>有馬十乘，棄而違之。至於他邦，則曰：猶吾大夫<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>也。違之。之一邦，曰：猶吾大夫<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>也。違之。何如？子曰：清矣。曰：仁矣乎？曰：未知，焉得仁？説曰：不顧十乘之富，不恤大夫之位，有<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>之亂，則避之此，清其身者也，未知爲仁。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>所以俱未與者也。【四十匹馬】四十四馬悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之所不與<a class="zhuhao" href="#4450" id="4431">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>皆曰：不知其仁。明仁道難也。</span> <span>故仁也者，通乎百行，協于一德，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">專一之德。</span> <span>未有不由仁而廣大者，在<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>稱菩薩，在九州稱仁人。蓋人能慈慧，慈慧能仁。菩薩行仁之極行，君子漸得其門者矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【協】胡頰切，合也，和也。【由】從也，經也。</span> <span>若使<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>不由二教，安得爲君子儒而至於大方乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">方，道也。若言<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>局執<a class="zhuhao" href="#4451" id="4432">〔一四〕</a>，豈得稱君子儒而至於大道乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【君子儒】子曰：汝爲君子儒，無爲小人儒。【大方】大乘方等也。</span> <span>今爲論者，必張<span class="zhuanming">孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之勢<a class="zhuhao" href="#4452" id="4433">〔一五〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孫武</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴起</span>，並六國時良將，各著兵書﹑善戰陣。今論義者，與敵鏗鏘，如<span class="zhuanming">孫</span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之戰勢也。</span> <span>學戒者，必敦<span class="zhuanming">顔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">柳</span>之節<a class="zhuhao" href="#4453" id="4434">〔一六〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顔叔子</span>孤居，有少女，夜風雨，屋倒，投之宿，<span class="zhuanming">叔子</span>拒之不已，出屋，令其入舍也。<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">展</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">禽</span>，食邑<span class="zhuanming">柳下</span>，謚<span class="zhuanming">惠</span>。寒夜，婦不及國門，<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>以衣覆之，至明而去，不犯男子不仁之行也。</span> <span>栖禪者，必慕<span class="zhuanming">巢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">由</span>之高<a class="zhuhao" href="#4454" id="4435">〔一七〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">許由</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>時高士。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>將禪位，惡之而洗耳，隱居不仕也。</span> <span>維持者，必思<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之變<a class="zhuhao" href="#4455" id="4436">〔一八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">綱紀維持之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00730','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P730</span></i>者，必須改更匡引，如<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>一變至於<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>一變至於道也。</span> <span>故持外教以誘掖，窺内法以激志，亦惡有害焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4456" id="4437">〔一九〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">惡，安也。初以外教誘引，後將内教訓導，亦安有害也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誘掖】言誨曰誘，扶臂曰掖。【惡】音烏，安也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4419" id="4438">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">佛祖統紀</span>卷五四：「<span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">天監</span>二年，率群臣士庶發菩提心，永棄道教。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4420" id="4439">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷四<span class="shuming">舍事李老道法詔</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4421" id="4440">〔三〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4422" id="4441">〔四〕</a>名教：指以正名定分爲主的禮教。<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">後漢紀</span><span class="shuming">獻帝紀</span>：「夫君臣父子，名教之本也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4423" id="4442">〔五〕</a>絢美：猶華美。　玄黄：指彩色的絲織物。　素：本色，白色。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4424" id="4443">〔六〕</a>迴向：把自己所修的善根功德，迴轉給衆生。<span class="shuming">仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏</span>卷下一<span class="shuming">奉持品</span>：「言迴向者，照理不住曰迴，大悲救物名向，向衆生也；又行不住有曰迴，直趣菩提名向，向菩提也；又於相不住曰迴，達事照如名向，向實際也。由此義故，名爲迴向。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4425" id="4444">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">孝經</span><span class="shuming">廣至德章</span>：「子曰：君子之教以孝也，非家至而日見之也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4426" id="4445">〔八〕</a>覃：延及，覃恩（廣布恩澤）。　八解：「八解脱」之略。八種訓練去除貪著的禪定。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4427" id="4446">〔九〕</a>自然外道：即<span class="shuming">大日經</span>（<span class="shuming">大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經</span>）所謂三十種外道之一，認爲一切萬物的産生，非依因緣，而是自然所生者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4428" id="4447">〔一○〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論</span>卷九曰：「誰掘河海積山原，誰纖棘刺畫禽獸，世無自在能作者，故知一<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00731','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P731</span></i>切皆無因。」<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷六<span class="shuming">四十二字篇</span>與<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注文更爲接近，個别文字有異：「誰尖荆棘盡禽獸，誰鑿江海與川源，暴風卒起還自止，萬物須知是自然。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4429" id="4448">〔一一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">洙</span><span class="zhuanming">泗</span>：本爲<span class="zhuanming">洙水</span>和<span class="zhuanming">泗水</span>，因<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曾在這裏聚徒講學，故代稱<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>及儒家。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「吾與女事夫子於<span class="zhuanming">洙</span><span class="zhuanming">泗</span>之間。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4430" id="4449">〔一二〕</a>束帶：整飾衣服。表示端莊。<span class="zhuanming">劉寶楠</span><span class="shuming">論語正義</span>：「帶，繫繚於要，所以整束其衣，故曰束帶。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孟武伯</span>問<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>仁乎？子曰：『不知也。』又問。子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也，千乘之國，可使治其賦也，不知其仁也。』『<span class="zhuanming">求</span>也何如？』子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">求</span>也，千室之邑，百乘之家，可使爲之宰也，不知其仁也。』『<span class="zhuanming">赤</span>也何如？』子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">赤</span>也，束帶立於朝，可使與賓客言也，不知其仁也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4431" id="4450">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>問曰：『令尹<span class="zhuanming">子文</span>三仕爲令尹，無喜色；三已之，無愠色。舊令尹之政，必以告新令尹。何如？』子曰：『忠矣。』曰：『仁矣乎？』曰：『未知，焉得仁？』『<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>弑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>君，<span class="zhuanming">陳文子</span>有馬十乘，棄而違之。至於他邦，則曰：「猶吾大夫<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>也。」違之。之一邦，則又曰：「猶吾大夫<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>也。」違之。何如？』子曰：『清矣。』曰：『仁矣乎？』『未知，焉得仁？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4432" id="4451">〔一四〕</a>局：拘泥。　執：固執。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4433" id="4452">〔一五〕</a>張：展開。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4434" id="4453">〔一六〕</a>敦：敦促，要求。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">巷伯</span>「哆兮侈兮，成是南箕」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">顔叔子</span>獨處于室，鄰之嫠婦又獨處于室。夜，暴風雨至而室壞，婦人趨而至。<span class="zhuanming">顔叔子</span>納之而使執燭，放乎旦而蒸盡，縮屋而繼之。自以爲辟嫌之不審矣。若其審者，宜若<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人然。<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人有男子獨處于室，鄰之嫠婦亦獨處于室。夜，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00732','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P732</span></i>暴風雨至而室壞，婦人趨而託之，男子閉門而不納。婦人自牖與之言曰：『子何爲不納我乎？』男子曰：『吾聞之也，男女不六十不閒居。今子幼，吾亦幼，不可以納子。』婦人曰：『子何不若<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>然，嫗不逮門之女，國人不稱其亂。』男子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>固可，吾固不可。吾將以吾不可，學<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>之可。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『欲學<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>者，未有似於是也。』」<span class="shuming">荀子</span>卷一九<span class="shuming">大略</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>與後門者同衣而不見疑，非一日之聞也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4435" id="4454">〔一七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">皇甫謐</span><span class="shuming">高士傳</span>卷上：「<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>時隱人也。山居不營世利，年老，以樹爲巢，而寢其上，故時人號曰<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>之讓<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">由</span>以告<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>，<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>曰：『汝何不隱汝形，藏汝光，若非吾友也！』擊其膺而下之，<span class="zhuanming">由</span>悵然不自得。乃過<span class="zhuanming">清泠</span>之水，洗其耳，拭其目，曰：『向聞貪言，負吾之友矣！』遂去，終身不相見。」「<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">武仲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陽城</span><span class="zhuanming">槐里</span>人也。爲人據義履方，邪席不坐，邪膳不食。後隱於沛澤之中。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>讓天下於<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>，曰：『日月出矣，而爝火不息，其於光也不亦難乎！時雨降矣，而猶浸灌，其於澤也，不亦勞乎！夫子立而天下治，而我猶尸之，吾自視缺然，請致天下。』<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>曰：『子治天下，天下既已治也，而我猶代子，吾將爲名乎？名者，實之賓也，吾將爲賓乎？鷦鷯巢於深林，不過一枝。偃鼠飲河，不過滿腹。歸休乎君，予無所用天下爲。庖人雖不治庖，尸祝不越樽俎而代之矣！』不受而逃去。<span class="zhuanming">齧缺</span>遇<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>，曰：『子將奚之？』曰：『將逃<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>。』曰：『奚謂邪？』曰：『夫<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>知賢人之利天下也，而不知其賊天下也。夫唯外乎賢者知之矣！』<span class="zhuanming">由</span>於是遁耕於<span class="zhuanming">中岳</span><span class="zhuanming">潁水</span>之陽，<span class="zhuanming">箕山</span>之下，終身無經天下色。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>又召爲<span class="zhuanming">九州</span>長，<span class="zhuanming">由</span>不欲聞之，洗耳於<span class="zhuanming">潁水</span>濱。時其友<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>牽犢欲飲之，見<span class="zhuanming">由</span>洗耳，問其故。對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>欲召我爲<span class="zhuanming">九州</span>長，惡聞其聲，是故洗耳。』<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>曰：『子若處高岸深谷，人道<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00733','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P733</span></i>不通，誰能見子。子故浮游，欲聞求其名譽，污吾犢口。』牽犢上流飲之。<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>没，葬<span class="zhuanming">箕山</span>之巔，亦名<span class="zhuanming">許由山</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">陽城</span>之南十餘里。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>因就其墓，號曰<span class="zhuanming">箕山公神</span>，以配食五岳，世世奉祀，至今不絶也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4436" id="4455">〔一八〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">雍也</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>一變至於<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>一變至於道。』」「子謂<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『女爲君子儒，無爲小人儒！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4437" id="4456">〔一九〕</a>誘掖：引導和扶持。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">陳風</span><span class="shuming">衡門序</span>：「誘<span class="zhuanming">僖公</span>也。願而無立志，故作是詩以誘掖其君也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「誘，進也。掖，扶持也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「誘掖者，誘謂在前導之，掖謂在傍扶之，故以掖爲扶持也。」　内法：指佛教教義。　惡：疑問詞，哪，何。</span> </p><p> <span>夫登木者競其高，鑿泉者競其深。不有前懦，誰爲後勇？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懦】奴卧切，弱也，怯也。</span> <span>但<span class="zhuanming">梁氏</span>雖至信，不審觀前往存亡，式恒其事，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">式，用也。</span> <span>驟欲遷物從道，以窮物之性，不虞<span class="zhuanming">東野畢</span>之御而終於佚矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4467" id="4457">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>見<span class="zhuanming">東野畢</span>車，知其必敗，以其馬未調良故也。既御，果輪敗而馬傷也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【東野畢】<span class="zhuanming">定公</span>御車士。【佚】奔逸也。</span> <span>嘗讀<span class="shuming">斷酒肉之文</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4468" id="4458">〔二〕</a>，慈愈於佛；輕身貸法，事過帝王。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三度捨身入寺，與衆爲奴，臣下備錢百萬贖之，衆僧默許方歸。雖屈身爲座，亦未過此，何必然也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愈】勝也。【貸】他代切，施也。以物與人，更還主也。</span> <span>且敕綾錦窠不得有鳥獸之形，而嫌裁剪起殺傷之意<a class="zhuhao" href="#4469" id="4459">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">恐傷仁恕之道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綾錦窠】綾錦院是也。宜是科字，如山水科﹑花竹科等是也。</span> <span>斯雖得養虎之術，而亦誨人殺心矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周宣王</span>之牧正<span class="zhuanming">梁鴦</span>善養虎，以不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00734','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P734</span></i>與之生物，爲其因殺而怒也。不以全物與之，爲碎之而怒。饑飽以時，達其怒心，不逆其意也。不使之喜，喜復必怒。雖欲絶之殺心，而翻生其殺念者也。羅綺本無殺相，今强興殺想，此乃從無設有，亦是教人殺心之義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4470" id="4460">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>宗廟郊祀，以麵爲犧牲，不爲則不爲，何誣祖考耶？而或有負之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以麵作肉，則成誣誑。不爲，又負祖考也。</span> <span>子由緇而乘，不鑒妍蚩，式顯誇傲，題于縹墉素扆之上<a class="zhuhao" href="#4471" id="4461">〔五〕</a>，特不知是誘敵致寇也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今有自披緇至顯榮，不辯善惡，空恣傲倪，而又兼以捐棄上教之事，題粉壁素屏之上，可謂自招於槃詰。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誇】誕也，大言也。【縹墉】上敷沼切，青白色；下音容，壁也。【素扆】下於豈切，屏風也。【倪】顧視也。【槃詰】責難也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">道安</span><span class="shuming">二教論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4472" id="4462">〔六〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">彦琮</span><span class="shuming">通極論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4473" id="4463">〔七〕</a>，恣縱心目，出没玄奥，假立賓主，先設奇難，後始通之，將探賾異黨，枳棘邪徑，爲法繚垣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4474" id="4464">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">先假立異宗，詰難本教，然後答之，預備異宗所見也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【繚垣】上力小切，繚繞也。重牆也。</span> <span>而後世<span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>等得之，穿窬爲盜，隱其所通，演其所難，以製<span class="shuming">十異九迷</span>等論<a class="zhuhao" href="#4475" id="4465">〔九〕</a>，誑彼所不知者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆<span class="zhuanming">唐朝</span>邪見之徒，誑以淺學者，不見<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">琮</span>之論也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【李仲卿】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">正觀</span>道士也。【穿窬爲盜】<span class="shuming">語</span>云：色厲而内荏。譬諸小人，其猶穿窬之盜與<a class="zhuhao" href="#4476" id="4466">〔一○〕</a>？言穿壁窬牆也。</span> <span>濟其毁詞，豈非二士圖馴而反噬，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆由二子著論防微，反遭竊器以相攻也。</span> <span>將安而貨危也？但此論未已，邪難未止。夫先王以衡斗去盜，而人以之于盜焉；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">置劍者，比爲殺賊，今賊反得以用之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【先王以衡斗去盜者】<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋篇</span>云：絶聖棄知，大盜乃止。雖重聖智而智天下，則是重利<span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>也。爲之斗斛以量之，則並<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00735','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P735</span></i>與斛斗而竊之；爲之權衡以稱之，則並與權衡而竊之；爲之符璽以信之，則並與符璽以竊之；爲之仁義以矯之，則與仁義而竊之。夫先王置斗秤，本欲平民。今之民反用斗之大小﹑秤之輕重爲盜矣。以防教而反資賊生以攻擊，然則於本教，其益非少也。【竊器】盜弄兵戈也。</span> <span>以兵戈止殺，而人以之于殺焉。故所防逾多，所資逾遠。噫，難乎哉！</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4457" id="4467">〔一〕</a>審觀：仔細觀察。<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">顔回</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">魯定公</span>問于<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>曰：『子亦聞<span class="zhuanming">東野畢</span>之善御乎？』對曰：『善則善矣，雖然，其馬將必佚。』<span class="zhuanming">定公</span>色不悦，謂左右曰：『君子固有誣人也。』<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>退。後三日，牧來訴之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">東野畢</span>之馬佚，兩驂曳兩服入於厩。』公聞之，越席而起，促駕召<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>。<span class="zhuanming">回</span>至，公曰：『前日寡人問吾子以<span class="zhuanming">東野畢</span>之御，而子曰善則善矣，其馬將佚，不識吾子奚以知之？』<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>對曰：『以政知之。昔者<span class="zhuanming">帝舜</span>巧於使民，<span class="zhuanming">造父</span>巧於使馬，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>不窮其民力，<span class="zhuanming">造父</span>不窮其馬力，是以<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>無佚民，<span class="zhuanming">造父</span>無佚馬。今<span class="zhuanming">東野畢</span>之御也，升馬執轡，御體正矣，步驟馳騁，朝禮畢矣，歷險致遠，馬力盡矣，然而猶乃求馬不已，臣以此知之。』公曰：『善！誠若吾子之言也。吾子之言，其義大矣，願少進乎。』<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>曰：『臣聞之鳥窮則啄，獸窮則攫，人窮則詐，馬窮則佚，自古及今，未有窮其下而能無危者也。』公悦，遂以告<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『夫其所以爲<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>者，此之類也，豈足多哉！』」亦見<span class="shuming">韓詩外傳</span>卷二。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4458" id="4468">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">斷酒肉之文</span>：<span class="shuming">斷酒肉文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭衍</span>撰，收入<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷二六。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4459" id="4469">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷二六<span class="shuming">叙梁武斷殺絶宗廟犧牲事并表請</span>：「勑太醫不得以生類合藥。公家織官紋錦，並斷仙人鳥獸之形以爲褻衣，截剪有乖仁恕。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00736','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P736</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4460" id="4470">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">黄帝</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周宣王</span>之牧正有役人<span class="zhuanming">梁鴦</span>者，能養野禽獸，委食於園庭之内，雖虎狼雕鶚之類，無不柔馴者，雄雌在前，孳尾成群；異類雜居，不相搏噬也。王慮其術終於其身，令<span class="zhuanming">毛丘園</span>傳之。<span class="zhuanming">梁鴦</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">鴦</span>，賤役也，何術以告爾？懼王之謂隱於爾也，且一言我養虎之法。凡順之則喜，逆之則怒，此有血氣者之性也。然喜怒豈妄發哉？皆逆之所犯也。夫食虎者，不敢以生物與之，爲其殺之之怒也；不敢以全物與之，爲其碎之之怒也。時其饑飽，達其怒心。虎之與人異類，而媚養己者，順也；故其殺之，逆也。然則吾豈敢逆之使怒哉？亦不順之使喜也。夫喜之復也必怒，怒之復也常喜，皆不中也。今吾心無逆順者也，則鳥獸之視吾，猶其儕也。故遊吾園者，不思高林曠澤；寢吾庭者，不願深山幽谷，理使然也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4461" id="4471">〔五〕</a>妍蚩：美好和醜惡。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一七<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">文賦</span>：「妍蚩好惡，可得而言。」<span class="zhuanming">劉良</span>注：「妍，美；蚩，惡也。」　縹：青白色，淡青。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一三上：「縹，帛青白色也。」　墉：牆壁。　扆：宫殿内設在門和窗之間的大屏風。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4462" id="4472">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">二教論</span>：爲論述儒﹑佛二教大旨及其優劣的文章，收在<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷八。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4463" id="4473">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">通極論</span>：文章設<span class="zhuanming">梵行先生</span>與<span class="zhuanming">行樂公子</span>展開對論，收入<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷四。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4464" id="4474">〔八〕</a>枳棘：枳木與棘木，因其多刺而稱惡木，比喻艱難險惡的環境。　繚垣：圍牆。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4465" id="4475">〔九〕</a>穿窬：挖牆洞和爬牆頭。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「色厲而内荏，譬諸小人，其猶穿窬之盜也與！」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「穿，穿壁；窬，窬牆。」<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">盡心下</span>：「人能充無穿踰之心，而義不可勝用也。」<span class="zhuanming">趙岐</span>注：「穿牆踰屋，姦利之心也。」　<span class="shuming">十異九迷論</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐高祖</span>時道士<span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>著。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00737','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P737</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4466" id="4476">〔一○〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>然守本教者，朴則有餘，兼異學者，競則有餘。非君子，罔以謹其極矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若守本宗，可自質朴。因習異宗，遂多争競。若兼異宗外學，而能謙謹者，可謂君子僧也。</span> <span>故前哲云：學之於身，如餌如樂。夫餌以醯醢鹽梅，齊之使和，濟其不及，泄其所過，而後享之，五藏平矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4480" id="4477">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">濟，益也。泄，減也。此乃<span class="zhuanming">齊侯</span>與<span class="zhuanming">梁丘據</span>晏<span class="zhuanming">遄臺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>對<span class="zhuanming">齊侯</span>之詞也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>第二十四，文小異也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樂】音岳。【醯】呼雞切，酢味也。【醢】音海，肉醬也。【鹽梅】<span class="shuming">書</span>云：欲調其鼎，用汝作鹽梅。【齊之以和】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云齊之以味也。【泄其所過】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云泄其過。泄，減也。【享】<span class="shuming">傳</span>是烹字。【五藏平矣】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云以平其心。【宴遄臺】晏字悮。</span> <span>樂以金石絲竹韻之使諧，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">金，鍾也。石，磬。絲，琴瑟。竹，簫等。匏，笙竽等也。土，塤也。革，鼓也。木，柷敔也。謂之八音也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【金鍾】宜是鐘字。【琴】<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>作本五絃，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>加文武二絃。【瑟】所櫛切。<span class="zhuanming">庖犧</span>作。【簫】蘇彫切，樂器也。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>作簫，其形參差，以象鳳翼也。【匏】薄交切，瓠也，可以爲笙竽。【笙】十三篁。生也象物，貫地而生也。【竽】禹俱切，三十六篁樂器也。【塤】音萱，樂器也。以土爲之，六孔。塤，喧也，𠴢獨然，<span class="zhuanming">啇辛公</span>作也。</span> <span>節其將遺，剪其所淫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五聲之後，不容彈矣，則有繁手淫聲，宜剪節之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【節其將遺】無失聲也。【剪其所淫】不亂雜也。又云：動蕩血脉﹑通液精神而和正心。</span> <span>而後聽之，五氣正矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五行之氣。</span> <span>若專夫一味一音，則於焉何取？昔<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>製<span class="shuming">沙門不敬論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4481" id="4478">〔二〕</a>，但欲自理，而不毁儒道，人到于今受其賜也。<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">道安</span><span class="shuming">二教論</span>，忘功<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00738','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P738</span></i>指過，語發心鬭，<span class="zhuanming">宇文氏</span>窺之，得<span class="zhuanming">卞莊子</span>之刺虎也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4482" id="4479">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">卞莊子</span>見二虎争食而鬭，將斬之，家人諫，請伺其鬭，大者必傷，小者必死，後刺之，可一舉雙獲也。果如其言。今<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>與外宗相毁，皆極其瑕礫，<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>得以窺之，而用其謀也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑕礫】玉病曰瑕，小石曰礫。</span> <span>然帝<span class="zhuanming">邕</span>恃威，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">邕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>名也。帝<span class="zhuanming">武成</span>三年即位，至<span class="zhuanming">建德</span>二年，廢佛道二教，至<span class="zhuanming">大成</span>元年崩，毁滅自癸巳至戊戌。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【建德二年】應云「<span class="zhuanming">建德</span>三年廢二教，至<span class="zhuanming">宣政</span>元年崩，毁滅自甲午至戊戌」也，凡五年。</span> <span>不信不甚於<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>則服，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>則拒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>將令僧拜及沙除，<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>上書而止，又作<span class="shuming">不拜論</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不信不甚於桓玄】甚，大過也。言<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>不信佛教，過於<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>。文剩一不字。</span> <span>豈不以才識厚薄而可知也？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4477" id="4480">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公二十年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">齊侯</span>至自田，<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>侍于<span class="zhuanming">遄臺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子猶</span>馳而造焉。公曰：『唯<span class="zhuanming">據</span>與我和夫！』<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">據</span>亦同也，焉得爲和？』公曰：『和與同異乎？』對曰：『異。和如羹焉，水火醯醢鹽梅以烹魚肉，燀之以薪。宰夫和之，齊之以味，濟其不及，以洩其過。君子食之，以平其心。君臣亦然。君所謂可而有否焉，臣獻其否以成其可。君所謂否而有可焉，臣獻其可以去其否。是以政平而不干，民無争心。故<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「亦有和羹，既戒既平。鬷嘏無言，時靡有争。」先王之濟五味﹑和五聲也，以平其心，成其政也。聲亦如味：一氣，二體，三類，四物，五聲，六律，七音，八風，九歌，以相成也。清濁，小大，短長，疾徐，哀樂，剛柔，遲速，高下，出入，周疏，以相濟也。君子聽之，以平其心。心平，德和。故<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「德音不瑕。」今<span class="zhuanming">據</span>不然。君所謂可，<span class="zhuanming">據</span>亦曰可；君所謂否，<span class="zhuanming">據</span>亦曰否。若以水濟水，誰能食之？若琴瑟之專壹，誰能聽之？同之不可也如是。』」亦見<span class="shuming">晏子春秋</span>卷七<span class="shuming">外篇上</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00739','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P739</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4478" id="4481">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">沙門不敬論</span>：即<span class="shuming">沙門不敬王者論</span>。認爲在家的佛教徒應遵循禮法名教，敬君奉親。出家修行的沙門則應高尚其事，不以世法爲準則，不敬王侯，以破除世俗的愚暗，超脱貪著的妄惑，「協契皇極，在宥生民」。文章調和佛教與儒家禮教的矛盾，認爲佛法與名教互爲補充，相得益彰。收入<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷五。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4479" id="4482">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">張儀列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陳軫</span>對曰：亦嘗有以夫<span class="zhuanming">卞莊子</span>刺虎聞於王者乎？<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>欲刺虎，館豎子止之，曰：『兩虎方且食牛，食甘必争，争則必鬭，鬭則大者傷，小者死，從傷而刺之，一舉必有雙虎之名。』<span class="zhuanming">卞莊子</span>以爲然，立須之。有頃，兩虎果鬭，大者傷，小者死。<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>從傷者而刺之，一舉果有雙虎之功。今<span class="zhuanming">韓</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>相攻，期年不解，是必大國傷，小國亡，從傷而伐之，一舉必有兩實。此猶<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>刺虎之類也。臣主與王何異也。」</span> </p><p> <span>但時有不學者，心智聾瞽，恃其頑薄，如豕如羊，很戾朋從<a class="zhuhao" href="#4503" id="4483">〔一〕</a>。視於智藝，狎而笑之，以爲著文字，過比夫<span class="zhuanming">衡</span><span class="zhuanming">岱</span>，未云重也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其有傭昧淺識之徒，如豕如羊，翻以習文字者爲山嶽之過。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【如豕如羊】如豕而穢，如羊而很。【很戾】上戾也，下虐也。【狎】侮也。【衡岱】南岳曰<span class="zhuanming">衡</span>，東岳曰<span class="zhuanming">岱</span>。</span> <span>先聖以爲群羊僧，不甚然乎！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經律謂啞羊僧也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4504" id="4484">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>復有狂狷之夫，棄乎本教，聊覽墳素，遊衍内侮，若豕負塗，潔則忌之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4505" id="4485">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">狂狷，進趨不得中者也。其有辭親慕道，割愛爲僧，而不知勵己進修，全棄教典，專心外習，吟詠風騷，而於本教反生輕侮，故我高德顧之，忌如穢物。所謂辜負先聖，無利檀越，沉墜三塗，自貽伊咎也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【狂狷】狂，癡癲也；下古縣切，急也。進退不得其中<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00740','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P740</span></i>者，名曰狂狷。【内侮】侮慢内教也。【若豕負塗】如猪荷穢，循途而游，潔者避去矣。【辜負】背德向罪曰辜負也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧休</span>之流也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二子皆<span class="zhuanming">江表</span>詩僧，於道德則無取者也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">琳</span>詞學迥拔，爲<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>所賞，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">太祖</span><span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>。</span> <span>每昇獨榻。<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>嫉其才，歎咤不平之曰：「此三台之座，豈可使刑餘居之乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【歎咤】上敕旦﹑敕丹二切，息也；下知加﹑陟嫁二切，憤怒也。【三台】星名也。三公應三台。<span class="shuming">傅子</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>以<span class="zhuanming">風后</span>配上台，后配中台，五聖配下台，三公之始也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">琳</span>怠慢自賢，其師<span class="zhuanming">道淵</span>者有學行，<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>頗器重。嘗詣<span class="zhuanming">傅亮</span>宅，<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>先在座，<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>至，不爲禮。<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>色怒，<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>笞<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>二十。後著<span class="shuming">黑白論</span>，大較六度與五教並行，信順與慈悲齊立<a class="zhuhao" href="#4506" id="4486">〔四〕</a>，其間自多傷毁，<span class="zhuanming">何承天</span>以爲<span class="zhuanming">琳比丘</span>捷生奇見也。<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>謂之居其門而伺其闕，爲法盜害，何地可容？後抵罪于<span class="zhuanming">交州</span>，鼓憤而卒<a class="zhuhao" href="#4507" id="4487">〔五〕</a>。然<span class="zhuanming">傅公</span>之爲，罰君子哉？不以己愛黨過而失刑，實肅物之教也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4508" id="4488">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【顔延之】<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>祕書監。【傅亮】<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>散騎常侍。【黑白論】應云<span class="shuming">白黑論</span>。【抵】音底，擲也。【鼓憤】鼓，擊也；憤，懣也。【肅】整也，威也。</span> <span>小人則不然，與其臣而違君，介其卑而侮尊，且悦己之所利，而忘於巨醜也。<span class="zhuanming">慧休</span>爲文，名冠上才。嗜酒色，無儀法。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">可朋</span>亦然，死於逆旅，而尸棄郊野<a class="zhuhao" href="#4509" id="4489">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介】助也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>以其污沙門行，詔勒還俗，補<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>文學從事，患不得志，終於<span class="zhuanming">句容</span>令焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4510" id="4490">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【污】烏故切。【句容令】縣名。</span> <span>有僧<span class="zhuanming">明解</span>者，篇什琴書丹青以爲絶藝，視後學負笈，謂之驢子。<span class="zhuanming">顯慶</span>年，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">唐高宗</span>時。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【笈】及﹑插二音，負書箱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00741','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P741</span></i>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">西明寺</span>成，詔<span class="zhuanming">靈潤</span>令選有德者居之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4511" id="4491">〔九〕</a>。寮寀有薦<span class="zhuanming">解</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">潤公</span>曰：「公等國器。名臣出言，不易宜求，戒定慧學，增長福田，何容舉酒肉畫師以當洪寄？」<span class="zhuanming">解</span>聞，尤以爲懟。遇詔徵四科，不問僧俗，遂射策登第<a class="zhuhao" href="#4512" id="4492">〔一○〕</a>，喜曰：「今得捨驢皮矣。」後筮仕無成，寒餒沉疾<a class="zhuhao" href="#4513" id="4493">〔一一〕</a>。將死，覩異形十人，執烈炬而迎之，蓋不祥之兆也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4514" id="4494">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寮寀】上音聊，下音采，同官曰寮寀。【懟】直類切，怨也。【四科】文武醫卜。【筮仕】上時世切，蓍筮；下音士，入官曰任。<span class="shuming">閔公元年傳</span>：初，<span class="zhuanming">畢萬</span>筮仕於<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，遇屯之比辛廖，占之曰吉。</span> <span>故小人之量，有君子之藝，未嘗不顛覆敗辱，實天貽之不祥矣。其猶狂象燧尾，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以束蘆繫象尾，燒之，令奔踐敵人，謂之燧象也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4515" id="4495">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span>怒雞介羽，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季</span><span class="zhuanming">郈</span>鄰居，雞鬭，<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>以金介其翼，<span class="zhuanming">郈氏</span>以金爲距，二家因以相攻致亂也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4516" id="4496">〔一四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介羽】以膠沙播雞翼，以效其勢也。【季郈】季，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>上卿，<span class="zhuanming">季平子</span>也；郈，音后，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">郈昭</span>也。</span> <span>祇益其害也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祇】巨支切，大也。</span> <span>故<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「負且乘，致寇至。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">解卦</span>六三爻辭也。言居非其位，履非其正，乘二負四，以容其身。寇之來也，自己所致矣。</span> <span>言小人不當有，盜思奪之也。非獨才藝由之然，而貌亦未嘗不然。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">非其才而有其藝，是以顛蹶。非其才而有其貌，亦致顛蹶<a class="zhuhao" href="#4517" id="4497">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">陽貨</span>象<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯季氏</span>家臣<span class="zhuanming">陽貨</span>，貌似<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，而害<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>，以作亂出<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>也。故<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曾至<span class="zhuanming">匡</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">匡</span>誤圍，錯認爲<span class="zhuanming">陽虎</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">陽虎</span>曾暴於<span class="zhuanming">匡</span>故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4518" id="4498">〔一六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陽貨】下音虎。【匡】<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>邑名，今<span class="zhuanming">歸德府</span>有<span class="zhuanming">逐儒村</span>是也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">項籍</span>如帝<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">項羽</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>目重瞳，<span class="zhuanming">項羽</span>目亦重瞳也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4519" id="4499">〔一七〕</a>。</span> <span>皆文犢狀虎而終殘乃壽也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文犢】黧牛之子。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00742','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P742</span></i> <span>今爲<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>，不以道而但以儒學聞，彼蓋斷髮一俗人耳，其可令得終久乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">近代<span class="zhuanming">雲頂山</span>詩僧<span class="zhuanming">昭符</span>毁佛輕人，投江而死；<span class="zhuanming">東川</span><span class="zhuanming">楚巒</span>自縊而死；<span class="zhuanming">平膺</span>死客舍，冷然凍餒，赤地而卒；<span class="zhuanming">龜符</span>終歲瘡痍，皆輕慢之士也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4520" id="4500">〔一八〕</a>。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">道寶</span>臨剃髮，爲詩曰：「方知萬里水，初發濫觴源。」真翛然之道意也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4521" id="4501">〔一九〕</a>，識者感其言而勵進，是曰爲文。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翛】音蕭，飛羽聲。</span> <span>夫稻畦爲衣，陶土爲器，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">稻畦，袈裟。陶土，瓦鉢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陶】音遥，瓦熟處。</span> <span>使人服而執之，澹然無爲，然後以經律爲繩墨，以文章爲潤色，其能不思容服而神何福歟？<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「維鵜在梁，不濡其翼。彼其之子，不稱其服。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4522" id="4502">〔二○〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">鵜，洿澤鳥也。梁，魚梁也。今澤鳥而居梁，而濡其翼者，未之聞也。此詩本刺<span class="zhuanming">曹共</span>好用小人，升之爵位，但潔其衣服逍遥而已，無治國之心，如鵜洿在梁者也。今<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子非僧行而處僧田，亦爾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【維鵜】下音啼，水鳥也。一名洿澤，名陶河，其形似鴆，極大。觜尺餘，目赤，頷下垂，胡如數斗大。抑水滿，其胡棄之，令水竭，魚在陸地共食之。【濡】音儒，濕也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4483" id="4503">〔一〕</a>頑薄：愚鈍淺薄。　很戾：兇暴乖戾。　朋從：同類相從。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">咸</span>：「憧憧往來，朋從爾思。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4484" id="4504">〔二〕</a>群羊僧：<span class="shuming">薩婆多毘尼毘婆沙</span>卷二<span class="shuming">結婬戒因緣</span>：「群羊僧者，不知布薩﹑行籌﹑説戒﹑自恣﹑羯磨，一切僧事，盡皆不知，猶如群羊，故名群羊僧。」多稱爲「哑羊僧」。<span class="shuming">大方廣十輪經</span>卷五<span class="shuming">衆善相品</span>：「云何名啞羊僧？不知根本罪，不知犯不犯，不知輕重，不知微細罪而可懺悔。愚癡無知，不見有罪可畏，亦不依止善知識丈夫，不數親近善知識丈夫故，不能諮問經中深義，何者是善﹑非善，何者犯重﹑何者犯輕，修行何事爲善﹑何事爲惡，如是等相，名啞羊僧。」<span class="shuming">根本薩婆多部律攝</span>卷七<span class="shuming">迴衆物入己學<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00743','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P743</span></i>處</span>：「啞羊僧，謂於三藏不能解者。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4485" id="4505">〔三〕</a>墳素：古代典籍。　遊衍：恣意遊逛。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">板</span>：「昊天曰旦，及爾遊衍。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「遊，行；衍，溢也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「遊行衍溢，亦自恣之意也。」　内侮：内部互相欺負。　負塗：置身泥塗之中。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">睽</span>：「上九：睽孤，見豕負塗，載鬼一車，先張之弧，後説之弧。」<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>注：「豕失負塗，穢莫過焉。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「豕而負塗，泥穢莫斯甚矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4486" id="4506">〔四〕</a>大較：大略，大致。　六度：佛教謂由生死此岸度到涅槃彼岸的六種法門：佈施﹑持戒﹑忍辱﹑精進﹑精慮（禪定）﹑智慧（般若）。　五教：儒家五常之教，指父義﹑母慈﹑兄友﹑弟恭﹑子孝五種倫理道德的教育。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「舉八元，使布五教于四方，父義﹑母慈﹑兄友﹑弟共﹑子孝。」　信順：忠信而順從。<span class="shuming">韓非子</span><span class="shuming">解老</span>：「今有道之士，雖中外信順，不以誹謗窮墮。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4487" id="4507">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">道淵傳</span>附<span class="shuming">慧琳傳</span>：「弟子<span class="zhuanming">慧琳</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦郡</span>人。善諸經及<span class="shuming">莊</span>﹑<span class="shuming">老</span>，排諧好語笑，長於製作，故集有十卷。而爲性傲誕，頗自矜伐。<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>嘗詣<span class="zhuanming">傅亮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>先在坐。及<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>至，<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>不爲致禮。<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>怒之彰色，<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>遂罰<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>杖二十。<span class="zhuanming">宋世祖</span>雅重<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>，引見常升獨榻。<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>每以致譏，帝輒不悦。後著<span class="shuming">白黑論</span>，乖於佛理。<span class="zhuanming">衡陽</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">何承天</span>與<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>比狎，雅相擊揚，著<span class="shuming">達性論</span>，並拘滯一方，詆呵<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教。<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>及<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>撿駁二論，各萬餘言。<span class="zhuanming">琳</span>既自毁其法，被斥<span class="zhuanming">交州</span>。」亦見<span class="shuming">釋門自鏡録</span>卷上<span class="shuming">俗學無裨録六</span><span class="shuming">宋彭城寺慧琳毁法被流目盲事</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4488" id="4508">〔六〕</a>黨：偏私，偏袒。　肅物：謂待人接物嚴肅端正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4489" id="4509">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">尤袤</span><span class="shuming">全唐詩話</span>卷六：「<span class="zhuanming">可朋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">丹陵</span>（引者按：「陵」當爲「稜」字之誤。<span class="zhuanming">丹稜</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">丹棱</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">四川</span>）人。少<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00744','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P744</span></i>與<span class="zhuanming">盧延讓</span>爲風雅之交，有詩千餘篇，號<span class="shuming">玉壘集</span>。……<span class="zhuanming">賈島</span>言其好飲酒，貧無以償酒債，故時賙之。<span class="zhuanming">可朋</span>自號『醉髡』。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4490" id="4510">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷七一<span class="shuming">徐湛之傳</span>：「時有沙門<span class="zhuanming">釋惠休</span>，善屬文，辭采綺豔，<span class="zhuanming">湛之</span>與之甚厚，<span class="zhuanming">世祖</span>命使還俗。本姓<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>，位至<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>從事史。」又<span class="shuming">釋門自鏡録</span>卷上<span class="shuming">俗學無裨録六</span><span class="shuming">宋彭城寺慧琳毁法被流目盲事</span>附：「<span class="zhuanming">慧休</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">茂遠</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">長干寺</span>。流宕倜儻，嗜酒好色，輕<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>侣，慕俗意，秉筆造牘，文辭斐然，非直黑衣吞音，亦是世上杜口。於是名譽頓上，才鋒挺出，清豔之美，有逾古歌。流轉入東，皆良詠紙貴，賞歎絶倫。自以微賤，不欲罷道。當時有清賢勝流，皆共賞愛之。至<span class="zhuanming">宋世祖</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>始敕令還俗，補<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>文學從事，意氣既高，甚有慚愧。會出補<span class="zhuanming">勾容</span>令，不得意而卒（出<span class="zhuanming">沈約</span><span class="shuming">宋書</span>）。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4491" id="4511">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">釋靈潤</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">虞鄉</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4492" id="4512">〔一○〕</a>四科：<span class="zhuanming">唐高宗</span>時舉薦人才的四條標準：孝悌力行﹑經史儒術﹑藻思詞鋒﹑廉平强直。　射策：本爲<span class="zhuanming">漢代</span>考試取士的方法之一，這裏指應試。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">蕭望之傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">望之</span>以射策甲科爲郎。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「射策者，謂爲難問疑義書之於策，量其大小署爲甲乙之科，列而置之，不使彰顯。有欲射者，隨其所取得而釋之，以知優劣。射之言投射也。對策者，顯問以政事經義，令各對之，而觀其文辭定高下也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4493" id="4513">〔一一〕</a>筮仕：本指將出做官時卜問吉凶。這裏指初出做官。　沉疾：指患重病。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4494" id="4514">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷三五：「<span class="zhuanming">釋明解</span>者，姓<span class="zhuanming">姚</span>，住京師<span class="zhuanming">普光寺</span>。有神明，薄知才學，琴﹑詩﹑書﹑畫，京邑有聲。然調情敞恍，頗以知解自傲，于諸長少，無重敬心。至於飲啖，不異恒俗。會<span class="zhuanming">龍朔</span>之中，徵諸三教有<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00745','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P745</span></i>能觀國者，策第賓王。<span class="zhuanming">解</span>因此際，往赴東都。策第及之，行次將仕，乃脱袈裟：『吾今脱此驢皮，預在人矣。』遂置酒集諸士俗，賦詩曰『一乘本非有，三空何所歸』云云，不久病卒。與友僧夢曰：『<span class="zhuanming">解</span>以不信，故今生惡道，甚患饑渴。如何不以故情，致一食耶？』及覺，遂列食於野祭之。又夢『極慚愧』云云。又下夢于畫工先來同役者曰：『我以不信敬，生處極惡。思得功德，無由可辦。卿舊與相知，何爲不能書一兩卷經耶？』又遺其詩曰：『握手不能别，撫膺聊自傷。痛矣時陰短，悲哉泉路長。野風驚晚吹，荒隧落寒霜。留情何所贈，惟斯内典章。』畫工不識書，令誦十八遍已，便去。遂覺，向諸僧俗説之。嗟乎，<span class="zhuanming">明解</span>可惜一生妄存耶！我自陷千載，斯謂徒生徒死，大聖豈虚言哉？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4495" id="4515">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">定公四年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鍼尹固</span>與王同舟，王使執燧象以奔<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>師。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「燒火燧繫象尾，使<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>師驚却之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4496" id="4516">〔一四〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公二十五年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">季</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">郈</span>之雞鬭，<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>介其雞，<span class="zhuanming">郈氏</span>爲之金距。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span><span class="shuming">疏</span>引<span class="zhuanming">鄭司農</span>曰：「介，甲也。爲雞著甲。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4497" id="4517">〔一五〕</a>顛蹶：顛倒失次。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4498" id="4518">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「將適<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，過<span class="zhuanming">匡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">顔刻</span>爲僕，以其策指之曰：『昔吾入此，由彼缺也。』<span class="zhuanming">匡</span>人聞之，以爲<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之<span class="zhuanming">陽虎</span>。<span class="zhuanming">陽虎</span>嘗暴<span class="zhuanming">匡</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">匡</span>人於是遂止<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>狀類<span class="zhuanming">陽虎</span>，拘焉五日。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4499" id="4519">〔一七〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">項羽本紀</span>：「吾聞之<span class="zhuanming">周生</span>曰『<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>目蓋重瞳子』，又聞<span class="zhuanming">項羽</span>亦重瞳子。<span class="zhuanming">羽</span>豈其苗裔邪？何興之暴也！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4500" id="4520">〔一八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">昭符</span>：<span class="shuming">佛祖統紀</span>卷四六：「<span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">寶梵大師</span><span class="zhuanming">昭符</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯直</span>稱之曰：『知文知武，染衣將相也。』」按：<span class="zhuanming">黄庭<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00746','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P746</span></i>堅</span>有<span class="shuming">寶梵大師真贊</span>：「穆然而嘯，毗尼藏也。熙然而温，同塵相也。默然而説，法中龍象也。知文知武，染衣將相也。淵然而深，飽儒術也。悠然而思，入詩律也。鉢囊如空，不受實也。室中生光，無長物也。十有七年，爲法城塹也。五十八夏，圭璋無玷也。斬然而秀，出火宅也。漻然而化，薪火息也。子孫繩繩，奉承丹青。眸子睟明，吾觀其役物之智。袖手微笑，人挹其臨財之清。」　<span class="zhuanming">楚巒</span>：<span class="zhuanming">五代</span><span class="zhuanming">前蜀</span>僧。<span class="shuming">宋史</span><span class="shuming">藝文志</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚巒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">五代</span><span class="zhuanming">前蜀</span>僧人，又作<span class="zhuanming">曉巒</span>，爲書僧<span class="zhuanming">夢龜</span>弟子，長於草書，與<span class="zhuanming">曇域</span>並稱。」<span class="zhuanming">陶宗儀</span><span class="shuming">書史會要</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曉巒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">前蜀</span>人，工草，學<span class="zhuanming">張芝</span>。」　<span class="zhuanming">平膺</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">龜符</span>：未詳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4501" id="4521">〔一九〕</a>翛然：超脱貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「翛然而往，翛然而來而已矣。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「翛然，無係貌也。」　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">竺法崇傳</span>附<span class="shuming">道寶傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">剡東</span><span class="zhuanming">仰山</span>復有<span class="zhuanming">釋道寶</span>者，本姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瑯瑘</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">道</span>之弟。弱年信悟，避世辭榮。親舊諫止，莫之能制。香湯澡浴，將就下髮。乃詠曰：『安知萬里水，初發濫觴時。』後以學行顯焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4502" id="4522">〔二○〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">曹風</span><span class="shuming">候人</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>余嘗觀乎緇衣者，讀書爲文，唯知有俗情，而不知其他。迨病喘喘然<a class="zhuhao" href="#4537" id="4523">〔一〕</a>，淚横于目，怨誤于昔，其雖悔，可追乎傷哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">處布金之地，受檀越之食，著信施之衣，惑溺墳素，不事進修，自倚薄才，輕侮賢善，篾視本教，以爲棄物，此乃賊住比丘。一旦風燭將臨，可不忙乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迨】及也。【喘】息疾也。</span> <span>然有抱琳琅之器，炳龍象之姿<a class="zhuhao" href="#4538" id="4524">〔二〕</a>，高出塵世，既寬且慧，篤志好學。開卷求於未聞，務滋其美，以崇其德。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【琳瑯】上玉名，下力當切。琳，玕也，石似玉。<span class="shuming">説文</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00747','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P747</span></i>云：瑯玕似珠。【炳】明焕也。【龍象】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">脩盤那般娑山</span>有大象王具功德，是名龍象。<span class="shuming">中阿含</span>云：若沙門從人至天，不以身口意害我所説，彼是龍象也。</span> <span>至若觀<span class="zhuanming">夷</span><span class="zhuanming">叔</span>讓國，得其仁也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4539" id="4525">〔三〕</a>；里名<span class="zhuanming">勝母</span>，<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>不入，得其孝也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4540" id="4526">〔四〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>至孝，行次有<span class="zhuanming">勝母里</span>，<span class="zhuanming">參</span>惡其名而不入也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>援寡室，得其貞也；<span class="zhuanming">顔叔子</span>辭鄰女，得其慎也；<span class="zhuanming">孫叔敖</span>爵益高，身益卑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身爲<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>令尹而常謙卑也。</span> <span>得其防惡也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4541" id="4527">〔五〕</a>；<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>三命循牆，得其恭也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>祖也。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>君一命而俯，再命而傴，三命而僂，循牆而走也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4542" id="4528">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【傴】于武切，曲身謹敬也。【辭】不受也。【爵】即略切，封也。又，量也，量職盡才也。又，禄也，人臣之啣轡也。【僂】音縷，益謹於傴。【俯】益謹於僂。諸本云俯，俯﹑僂字倒。【循牆而走】謹之甚也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">孟之反</span>不伐，得其讓也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孟之庂</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>與<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>戰，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>敗，<span class="zhuanming">孟之反</span>奔而殿，將入國門，國人功之，策其馬曰：「非敢後也，馬不進也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4543" id="4529">〔七〕</a>不欲取其功，故云得其讓也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孟之反】<span class="shuming">論語</span>文也。<span class="shuming">春秋</span>云仄，或此側字。【殿】軍在前曰啓，後曰殿。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">列禦寇</span>不受<span class="zhuanming">鄭子陽</span>之粟，得其知難也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">列禦寇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>人。家貧，有客言之於<span class="zhuanming">鄭子陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子陽</span>遺之粟，<span class="zhuanming">列子</span>再拜而不受。其妻望之拊心曰：「妾聞爲有道者之妻子，皆佚樂。今有飢色，君遺，先生何不受？」曰：「君非自知，以人言而遺我，罪我也。」後<span class="zhuanming">子陽</span>果及於難<a class="zhuhao" href="#4544" id="4530">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">爰精目</span>吐<span class="zhuanming">狐丘父</span>之食，得其嫉惡也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">爰精目</span>乞食於<span class="zhuanming">狐丘父</span>，<span class="zhuanming">丘父</span>下壺餐餔之。<span class="zhuanming">精目</span>食已，曰：「子何爲者？」曰：「我<span class="zhuanming">狐父</span>之人<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>也。」曰：「汝非盜也？」遂嘔出而死。<span class="zhuanming">狐丘</span>之人爲盜也，惡其不義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4545" id="4531">〔九〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離】去呼，厄也。【父】音甫。【爰精目】出<span class="shuming">列子</span>，如前已引，注與本文少異耳。【飱】音孫，餔也。【餔】哺﹑步二音，本是哺字，音步，食在口也。【嘔】鳥后也，吐也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>喜愠不在色，得其量<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00748','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P748</span></i>也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">安石</span>。相<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>統百萬之衆攻<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>亦無懼。及<span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>等破之，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>亦不喜。可知量也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4546" id="4532">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王敬之</span>徐武於焚屋，得其審也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">武，步也。<span class="zhuanming">王元度</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子敬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>右軍之子也。其屋遇焚，<span class="zhuanming">子敬</span>衣冠從容而出也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4547" id="4533">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徐武】緩步也。【王元度悮】<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>子<span class="zhuanming">獻之</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子敬</span>，兄<span class="zhuanming">微之</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">戴逵</span>不鼓琴於王門，得其耿介也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">耿介，倜儻也。<span class="zhuanming">戴逵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴顒</span>兄弟二人皆善琴，兩遊<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>門。有請<span class="zhuanming">顒</span>鼓琴，<span class="zhuanming">顒</span>輒鼓之。請於<span class="zhuanming">逵</span>，<span class="zhuanming">逵</span>謂使者曰：「<span class="zhuanming">逵</span>所鼓琴，非爲王門之伶人也。」遂對使者碎其琴。即二<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>優劣可知也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4548" id="4534">〔一二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【倜儻】上他激切，下他朗切，不羈貌。<span class="zhuanming">相如</span><span class="shuming">封禪文</span>云：倜儻窮變也。【戴顒】下是述字，注多悮亂，請看<span class="shuming">譜傳</span>。</span> <span>其能酌一善於身，足以光於朽骨，況兼之者乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子疾没世而名不稱焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4549" id="4535">〔一三〕</a>。學如不及，猶恐失之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4550" id="4536">〔一四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【酌】取也。【君子】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>疾没世而名不稱焉，乃錯綜六經，爲萬代法則。【學如不及】<span class="shuming">論語</span>文也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4523" id="4537">〔一〕</a>喘喘：呼吸急促。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「俄而<span class="zhuanming">子來</span>有病，喘喘然將死。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「喘喘，氣息急也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4524" id="4538">〔二〕</a>琳琅：精美的玉石。琳琅之器指優秀的才幹。　龍象：龍與象。水行中龍力大，陸行中象力大，故喻指高僧。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4525" id="4539">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">夷</span><span class="zhuanming">叔</span>：<span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孤竹君</span>之二子。父欲立<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>，及父卒，<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>讓<span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>。<span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>曰：「父命也。」遂逃去。<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>亦不肯立而逃之。國人立其中子。事見<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span><span class="shuming">誠廉</span>﹑<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伯夷列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4526" id="4540">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">説山訓</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>立孝，不過<span class="zhuanming">勝母</span>之閭；<span class="zhuanming">墨子</span>非樂，不入<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>之邑；<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>立廉，不飲<span class="zhuanming">盜泉</span>，所謂養志者也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00749','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P749</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4527" id="4541">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">敬慎</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孫叔敖</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>令尹，一國吏民皆來賀。有一老父衣麤衣，冠白冠，後來弔。<span class="zhuanming">孫叔敖</span>正衣冠而出見之，謂老父曰：『<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>不知臣不肖，使臣受吏民之垢，人盡來賀，子獨後來弔，豈有説乎？』父曰：『有説：身已貴而驕人者民去之，位已高而擅權者君惡之，禄已厚而不知足者患處之。』<span class="zhuanming">孫叔敖</span>再拜曰：『敬受命，願聞餘教。』父曰：『位已高而意益下，官益大而心益小，禄已厚而慎不敢取。君謹守此三者，足以治<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>矣！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4528" id="4542">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公七年</span>：「九月，公至自<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孟僖子</span>病不能相禮，乃講學之，苟能禮者從之。及其將死也，召其大夫曰：『禮，人之幹也。無禮，無以立。吾聞將有達者曰<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>，聖人之後也，而滅於<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>。其祖<span class="zhuanming">弗父何</span>，以有<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>而授<span class="zhuanming">厲公</span>。及<span class="zhuanming">正考父</span>，佐<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宣</span>，三命兹益共。故其鼎銘云：「一命而僂，再命而傴，三命而俯。循牆而走，亦莫余敢侮。饘於是，鬻於是，以糊余口。」……』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4529" id="4543">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">孟之反</span>：名<span class="zhuanming">側</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>大夫。伐，誇耀。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">雍也</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">孟之反</span>不伐。奔而殿，將入門，策其馬，曰：『非敢後也，馬不進也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4530" id="4544">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">説符</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子列子</span>窮，容貌有饑色。客有言之<span class="zhuanming">鄭子陽</span>者曰：『<span class="zhuanming">列禦寇</span>蓋有道之士也，居君之國而窮，君無乃爲不好士乎？』<span class="zhuanming">鄭子陽</span>即令官遺之栗。<span class="zhuanming">子列子</span>出，見使者，再拜而辭，使者去。<span class="zhuanming">子列子</span>入，其妻望之而拊心曰：『妾聞爲有道者之妻子，皆得佚樂。今有饑色，君過而遺先生食，先生不受，豈不命也哉？』<span class="zhuanming">子列子</span>笑謂之曰：『君非自知我也，以人之言而遺我栗；至其罪我也，又且以人之言，此吾所以不受也。』其卒，民果作難而殺<span class="zhuanming">子陽</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4531" id="4545">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">説符</span>：「東方有人焉，曰<span class="zhuanming">爰旌目</span>，將有適也，而餓於道。<span class="zhuanming">狐父</span>之盜曰<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>，見而下壺餐以餔之。<span class="zhuanming">爰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00750','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P750</span></i>旌目</span>三餔而後能視，曰：『子何爲者也？』曰：『我<span class="zhuanming">狐父</span>之人<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>也。』<span class="zhuanming">爰旌目</span>曰：『譆！汝非盜耶？胡爲而食我？吾義不食子之食也。』兩手據地而歐之，不出，喀喀然，遂伏而死。<span class="zhuanming">狐父</span>之人則盜矣，而食非盜也。以人之盜因謂食爲盜而不敢食，是失名實者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4532" id="4546">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">雅量</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">謝公</span>與人圍棋，俄而<span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span><span class="zhuanming">淮</span>上信至，看書竟，默然無言，徐向局。客問<span class="zhuanming">淮</span>上利害，答曰：『小兒輩大破賊。』意色舉止，不異於常。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4533" id="4547">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">雅量</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">王子猷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子敬</span>曾俱坐一室，上忽發火，<span class="zhuanming">子猷</span>遽走避，不惶取屐；<span class="zhuanming">子敬</span>神色恬然，徐唤左右扶憑而出，不異平常。世以此定二<span class="zhuanming">王</span>神宇。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4534" id="4548">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷九四<span class="shuming">隱逸</span><span class="shuming">戴逵傳</span>：「性不樂當世，常以琴書自娱。師事術士<span class="zhuanming">范宣</span>於<span class="zhuanming">豫章</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣</span>異之，以兄女妻焉。太宰﹑<span class="zhuanming">武陵王</span><span class="zhuanming">晞</span>聞其善鼓琴，使人召之，<span class="zhuanming">逵</span>對使者破琴曰：『<span class="zhuanming">戴安道</span>不爲王門伶人！』<span class="zhuanming">晞</span>怒，乃更引其兄<span class="zhuanming">述</span>。<span class="zhuanming">述</span>聞命欣然，擁琴而往。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4535" id="4549">〔一三〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4536" id="4550">〔一四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">秦伯</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>曰：「人有五儀：有庸人，有士人，有君子人，有賢人，有聖人。庸人者，心不則慎終之規，口不吐格訓之言<a class="zhuhao" href="#4560" id="4551">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">格，法也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：「心不則德義之經曰頑，口不道忠信之言曰嚚。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4561" id="4552">〔二〕</a></span> <span>「不擇賢以託其身，不力行以定其志，見小暗大而不知其所務，從物如流而不知其所執，此庸人也。」「士人者，心有所定，計有所守。雖不能盡道術<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00751','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P751</span></i>之本，必有率也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">率，述也，循也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【率】率猶行也。</span> <span>雖不遍百善之美，必有處也。是故智不務多，必審其所知；言不務多，必審其所謂；行不務多，必審其所由。智既知之，言既道之，行既由之，則若性命形骸之不可易也。富貴不足以益，貧賤不足以損，此士人也。」「君子人者，言必忠信而心不妄，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無詐妄之情也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不妄】<span class="shuming">家語</span>云：而心不忌，不妄怨也。</span> <span>仁義在身而色無伐，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無自矜也。</span> <span>思慮通明而辭不專，篤行信道而自强不息，油然若將可越而終不可及者，此君子也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">油然，不進之貌也。越，過也。君子雖能爲可貴﹑可信﹑用而不能使，必貴己﹑信己﹑用己也，是以恥不信，不恥不見信；恥不能，不恥不見用也。不誘於譽，不怨誹，率道而行也。</span> <span>「賢人者，德不踰閑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">閑，法也。</span> <span>行中規繩，言足法於天下而不傷於身，道足化於百姓而不傷於本，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">言滿天下無口過，行滿天下無怨惡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不傷於本】財身曰本。</span> <span>富則天下無菀財，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">長短經</span>云：菀財菀積也。今有依怨天下無怨惡也，謂以義得也。</span> <span>施則天下不病貧，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">病，患也。</span> <span>此賢人也。」「聖人者，德合天地，變通無方，窮萬事之始終，協庶品之自然，敷其大道而遂成情性，明並日月，化行若神，下民不知其德，覩者不識其鄰，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">百姓日用而不知也。</span> <span>此聖人也。」公曰：「善哉，非子之賢，則寡人不聞此言也！」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4562" id="4553">〔三〕</a>今揆兹五儀之人，爲五儀之僧，誠則皆不乖其本矣。若使裁其尊卑，勵其情操<a class="zhuhao" href="#4563" id="4554">〔四〕</a>，去此取彼，易庸人爲士君子，易士君子爲賢聖，則天下之僧皆高僧也。故斲石刻木，範金之像，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00752','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P752</span></i>石則石矣，木則木矣，金則金矣，非變化則不能革其本態也。而人有生而知之，有學而知之，但有知則不難乎遷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遷庸爲智，遷凡爲聖。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【態】音貸，體態也。</span> <span>其所難在乎不知矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4564" id="4555">〔五〕</a>。世或以<span class="zhuanming">槃特</span>不學，不謂無道<a class="zhuhao" href="#4565" id="4556">〔六〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">平生唯誦半偈而得聖果。偈云：「守口攝意身莫犯，如是行者得度也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【槃特】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">朱利槃特</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">小路</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">愚路</span>，<span class="shuming">法華</span>云<span class="zhuanming">沙伽陀</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">小路邊</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">善星</span>多聞，不謂立一德，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>本<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>族，聰明，詐作<span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅鬼</span>，驚佛而生入地獄也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4566" id="4557">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>彼乃不達。<span class="zhuanming">槃特</span>，聖人也；<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>，庸人也。<span class="zhuanming">槃特</span>不學而生知，<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>雖學而不知也。若使<span class="zhuanming">槃特</span>無生，知則不聖，<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>有學，知則遷善矣。夫生而知之，千載無一，學而知之，徧於天下。若以千載之一而廢乎天下者，非聖人之志也，況學以資生知？若金之有礪，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">礪，磨石也。金性雖利，更假磨之也。</span> <span>舟之有楫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">楫，棹類也。<span class="shuming">尚書</span>云：「若濟川，用汝爲舟楫也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4567" id="4558">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【楫】子結切，船棹也。【尚書云】<span class="shuming">説命</span>文。</span> <span>惟利與速，物莫能加之。昔<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「君子不可不學。」<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：「南山有竹，不柔自直，斬而用射，達於犀革。以此言之，何學之爲？」<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「括而羽之，鏃而勵之，其入豈不益深乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因鏃羽而彌深。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仲尼云】<span class="shuming">子路</span><span class="shuming">初見篇</span>文。【不柔】是揉字，汝由切，捻也。【犀革】犀牛之皮，可以爲甲。【括】宜筈字，苦括﹑苦活二切，箭受絃處。【鏃】作木切，矢鏑也。【勵】是此礪字，磨石也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">子路</span>再拜曰：「故木以繩直，土自水平，玉用人器，未有不學而能自致奇功知道者也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4568" id="4559">〔九〕</a></span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00753','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P753</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4551" id="4560">〔一〕</a>儀：法式，典型。　則：效法。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>：「則，法也。」　慎終：慎重地考慮到事情的後果。　格訓：正確而至當的訓示。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4552" id="4561">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公二十四年</span>：「心不則德義之經爲頑，口不道忠信之言爲嚚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4553" id="4562">〔三〕</a>五儀之論出<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷一<span class="shuming">五儀解</span>，文字略異。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4554" id="4563">〔四〕</a>裁：裁除，減除。　尊卑：貴賤。　勵：磨煉，振奮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4555" id="4564">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『生而知之者上也，學而知之者次也，困而學之又其次也。困而不學，民斯爲下矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4556" id="4565">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">槃特</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">周利槃特</span>，爲十六羅漢中第十六尊，佛世時<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>一婆羅門之子。<span class="shuming">法句譬喻經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">述千品</span>：「昔佛在<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span>，有一長老比丘字<span class="zhuanming">般特</span>，新作比丘，禀性暗塞，佛令五百羅漢日日教之，三年之中不得一偈。國中四輩，皆知其愚冥。佛湣傷之，即呼著前，授與一偈：『守口攝意身莫犯非，如是行者得度世。』時<span class="zhuanming">般特</span>感佛慈恩，歡欣心開，誦偈上口。佛告之曰：『汝今年老，方得一偈，人皆知之，不足爲奇，今當爲汝解説其義，一心諦聽。』<span class="zhuanming">般特</span>受教而聽。佛即爲説身三口四意三所由，觀其所起，察其所滅，三界五道，輪轉不息，由之升天，由之墮淵，由之得道，涅槃自然，分别爲説，無量妙法。時<span class="zhuanming">般特</span>㸌然心開，即得羅漢道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4557" id="4566">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">善星</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋尊</span>爲太子時所生之子。出家後斷欲界之煩惱，證得第四禪定。後因親近惡友，退失所得之解脱，且因對<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>起惡心，以生身墮於<span class="zhuanming">無間地獄</span>。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三三<span class="shuming">迦葉菩薩品</span>第十二之一：「<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>是佛菩薩時子，出家之後，受持讀誦，分别解説十二部經，壞欲界結，獲得四禪。……爾<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00754','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P754</span></i>時<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>以我久坐心生惡念，時<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>小男小女若啼不止，父母則語：汝若不止，當將汝付<span class="zhuanming">薄拘羅鬼</span>。爾時<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>反被拘執而語我言：速入禪室，<span class="zhuanming">薄拘羅</span>來。……<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>雖復讀誦十二部經，獲得四禪，乃至不解一偈一句一字之義，親近惡友，退失四禪。失四禪已，生惡邪見，作如是説：無佛﹑無法﹑無有涅槃。……爾時<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>即與<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>往<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>所。<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>遥見<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，見已即生惡邪之心。以惡心故生身陷入墮<span class="zhuanming">阿鼻獄</span>。善男子，<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>雖入佛法無量寶聚，空無所獲，乃至不得一法之利。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4558" id="4567">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">説命上</span>：「王置諸其左右，命之曰：『朝夕納海，以輔台德。若金，用汝作礪；若濟巨川，用汝作舟輯；若歲大旱，用汝作霖雨。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4559" id="4568">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">子路初見</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>見<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，子曰：『汝何好樂？』對曰：『好長劍。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾非此之問也，徒謂以子之所能，而加之以學問，豈可及乎？』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『學豈益哉也？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『夫人君而無諫臣則失正，士而無教友則失聽。御狂馬者不釋策，操弓不反檠，木受繩則直，人受諫則聖，受學重問，孰不順哉？毁仁惡仕，必近於刑，君子不可不學。』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『南山有竹，不柔自直，斬而用之，達於犀革。以此言之，何學之有？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『栝而羽之，鏃而礪之，其入之不亦深乎？』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>再拜曰：『敬而受教。』」</span> </p><p> <span>凡人之不學，其猶牆面<a class="zhuhao" href="#4575" id="4569">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無所見也。</span> <span>人而博學，不出户而知天下<a class="zhuhao" href="#4576" id="4570">〔二〕</a>。始吾聞之，心存之，躬嘗之，於所不學，實若蔽目；於所遠知，誠不由足。故有生之域，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">域，涯也。</span> <span>貴乎有學；既學矣，貴乎知；既知矣，則慕<span class="zhuanming">大覺</span>之曠照，成<span class="zhuanming">徧知</span>之有日。故日就<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00755','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P755</span></i>月將<a class="zhuhao" href="#4577" id="4571">〔三〕</a>，猶患失之。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>慷慨，<span class="zhuanming">仲舒</span>下幃<a class="zhuhao" href="#4578" id="4572">〔四〕</a>，恨光陰之不再也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">董仲舒</span>下幃，三年讀書，不窺園圃。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>如上注。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曠】遠照也。【日就月將】將，行也。言習之以積漸也。【幃】雨非切，單帳也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">黄霸</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>相也。</span> <span>與<span class="zhuanming">夏侯勝</span>同下獄，<span class="zhuanming">霸</span>欲從<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>受經，<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>辭以罪當死。<span class="zhuanming">霸</span>曰：「朝聞道，夕死可矣。」<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>賢其言，遂受之。再更而講讀不怠也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4579" id="4573">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢昭帝</span>將議立<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>廟爲<span class="zhuanming">世宗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>奏<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>奢侈殺戮，不宜立廟，遂坐謗毁先帝，與<span class="zhuanming">黄霸</span>同縶。<span class="zhuanming">霸</span>乃求從學。會赦，俱免也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黄霸】<span class="zhuanming">霸</span>爲丞相長吏，注云<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>相者，非。【夏侯勝】下音升，爲<span class="zhuanming">長信</span>少府。【漢昭帝】<span class="shuming">漢書</span>是<span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">常啼</span>求法於<span class="zhuanming">法勇</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4580" id="4574">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">般若經</span><span class="zhuanming">常啼菩薩</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【常啼】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">薩陀波倫</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">常啼</span>，有云<span class="zhuanming">常悲</span>也。【法勇】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">曇無最</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">法勇</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">法上</span>。【於】音烏，嘆也。</span> <span>以骨骸致香花，兼俟乎宫門，凡七載，冀有所聞也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4569" id="4575">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">周官</span>「不學牆面」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「人而不學，其猶正牆面而立。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「人而不爲<span class="shuming">周南</span>﹑<span class="shuming">召南</span>，其猶正牆面而立也與？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4570" id="4576">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「不出户，知天下；不窺牖，見天道。其出彌遠，其知彌少。是以聖人不行而知，不見而明，不爲而成。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4571" id="4577">〔三〕</a>曠：光明。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷七上：「曠，明也。」　日就月將：每天有成就，每月有進步。形容日積月累，精進不止。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周頌</span><span class="shuming">敬之</span>：「日就月將，學有緝熙于光明。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4572" id="4578">〔四〕</a>下幃：放下室内懸掛的帷幕。指教書。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">儒林列傳</span>：「下帷講誦，弟子傳以久次相受業，或莫見其面，蓋三年<span class="zhuanming">董仲舒</span>不觀於舍園，其精如此。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00756','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P756</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4573" id="4579">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">眭兩夏侯京翼李傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">霸</span>既久繫，<span class="zhuanming">霸</span>欲從<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>受經，<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>辭以罪死。<span class="zhuanming">霸</span>曰：『朝聞道，夕死可矣。』<span class="zhuanming">勝</span>賢其言，遂授之。繫再更冬，講論不怠。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4574" id="4580">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">常啼</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">薩陀波倫菩薩</span>」，又作「<span class="zhuanming">普慈菩薩</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">常悲菩薩</span>」。以勇猛心，修般若波羅蜜之行。據<span class="shuming">道行般若經</span>卷九<span class="shuming">薩陀波倫菩薩品</span>，此菩薩于夢中聞東方有般若波羅蜜之大法，爲求法乃向東行，過二萬里到達<span class="zhuanming">揵陀越國</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">曇無竭菩薩</span>（<span class="zhuanming">法勇</span>）而得其法。亦見<span class="shuming">大般若波羅蜜多經</span>卷三九八<span class="shuming">初分常啼菩薩品</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">法勇</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋曇無竭</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">法勇</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李</span>，<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span><span class="zhuanming">黄龍</span>人。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三有傳。</span> </p><p> <span>於予之眇志實學，知之不足，教知其困<a class="zhuhao" href="#4587" id="4581">〔一〕</a>。兢兢勤勤，慚曠此生<a class="zhuhao" href="#4588" id="4582">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已下<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>自叙。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慚曠】恥虚過也。</span> <span>嘗撰<span class="shuming">釋氏年志</span>，編年序事，務成林藪。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">年志</span>三十卷，又撰<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十卷，<span class="shuming">二衆初學儀律新疏要决</span>十卷，<span class="shuming">識心澄觀</span>﹑<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>等論鈔，共百餘卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【編年】編次年月。【箋】則前切，表織書也。</span> <span>鄙野一家之言，經郡邑寇亂而亡矣。鄙以學無常師，遂體三教參玄之旨趣，裁而録之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4589" id="4583">〔三〕</a>。暮年神疲，不盡所志，而有告余者曰：「日月既逝，老之至矣，盍釋文字乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盍，何不也。釋，放也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【參】玄也，妙也。【逝】往也，去也。<span class="shuming">語</span>云：日月逝矣，歲不我與<a class="zhuhao" href="#4590" id="4584">〔四〕</a>。【釋】捨也。</span> <span>余莞爾而笑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">莞爾，笑皃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莞】户板切。子云：<span class="zhuanming">武城</span>聞絃歌之聲，莞爾而笑曰：割雞焉用牛刀？莞爾者，小笑皃也。</span> <span>曰：「彼不吾知也。余今自欲實腹精於義，何嘗計利而進，度齒而廢乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">齒，年也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【實腹】道德内充，文學外發。</span> <span>夫去學而神虚焉，則善<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00757','1865880',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P757</span></i>有所補。不，則聽言譁噪，無若誦言爲優<a class="zhuhao" href="#4591" id="4585">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聽言，塵俗之言也，徒爲喧噪。誦言，典雅之言，聞之經濟。優者，勝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虚】乏也。【譁】乎瓜切，諠譁也。【噪】先到切，群呼也。</span> <span>然<span class="shuming">法華</span>誡其親近，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>不許親近世俗文筆外道文字。</span> <span><span class="shuming">華嚴</span>責其多聞者，蓋恐封乎所嗜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">封，滯也。</span> <span>密設其防。謂不爾者，彼<span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>歷抵一百一十城何爲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4592" id="4586">〔六〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抵】觸也，涉也，到也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4581" id="4587">〔一〕</a>眇志：高遠的志節。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4582" id="4588">〔二〕</a>兢兢：精勤貌。　勤勤：勤苦，努力不倦。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4583" id="4589">〔三〕</a>參玄：指探究哲理。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4584" id="4590">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4585" id="4591">〔五〕</a>神虚：謂心神清虚。　譁噪：喧嘩，吵鬧。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4586" id="4592">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>：爲<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span><span class="shuming">入法界品</span>中的求道菩薩。曾南行參訪五十三位善知識，遇<span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>而成就佛道。據<span class="shuming">舊華嚴經</span>卷四五<span class="shuming">入法界品</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">福城長者</span>之子，於入胎及出生時，種種珍寶自然湧現，故稱之爲<span class="zhuanming">善財</span>。其後受<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利菩薩</span>之教誨，遍遊南方諸國，終至<span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>道場，證入無生法界。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
[卷第十　外信第十六]
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133648" key="1133648"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第十　外信第十六 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133649" key="1133649"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00758','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P758</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000033"><b>北山録卷第十</b></p><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000034">外信第十六<span class="font12 zhu">明佛教於外宗，有信有不信者。</span></p><p> <span>大荒之西，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天子王畿，五百里甸服，五百里侯服，五百里綏服，五百里要服，五百里荒服。荒服去京師二千五百里。今指大荒之外，極西之境也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王畿】音祈，王城面各五百里爲王畿，或云京畿。又内諸侯入爲王卿，外即否。【甸】音電，郊也。【侯服】上平呼，謂斥候險阻，又伺候盜賊也。【綏服】上息遺切，安也。謂安服王者政教也。【要服】上平呼，勒也。要束以文教也。【荒服】荒，忽也。謂簡略政教荒服也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">申毒</span>殊風<a class="zhuhao" href="#4601" id="4593">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即西天之風化，與<span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>有異也。</span> <span>太古之始，至聖未生。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>也。</span> <span>有外道仙，爲世宗教。首則僧伽﹑衛世<a class="zhuhao" href="#4602" id="4594">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">初時有僧伽外道，立二十五諦義；衛世外道，説六句義等也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4603" id="4595">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僧伽】數論師是。【衛世】勝論師是。</span> <span>中則六師<a class="zhuhao" href="#4604" id="4596">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一，<span class="zhuanming">不蘭迦葉</span>；二，<span class="zhuanming">阿夷滿</span>；三，<span class="zhuanming">瞿耶婁</span>；四，<span class="zhuanming">波休旃</span>；五，<span class="zhuanming">先比盧持</span>；六，<span class="zhuanming">尼乾子</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿夷漏】教云阿夷湍漏。【先比盧持】教云先此盧持。</span> <span>終於九十五種<a class="zhuhao" href="#4605" id="4597">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即藴﹑離藴﹑計我等外道也。</span> <span>高視巖藪，謀勍吾敵，將危害正法，荐食玄侣，侵軼真境<a class="zhuhao" href="#4606" id="4598">〔六〕</a>，伐毁舟梁，雖怙其衆，不若吾寡，是以<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>一舉，<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>之儔殄瘁矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4607" id="4599">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殫，盡也，即勝論外道也。以此仙人形醜，好夜出乞食，故號<span class="zhuanming">鵂鶹</span>。爲五頂子，立六句義。後化<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00759','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P759</span></i>爲石，爲<span class="zhuanming">陳那菩薩</span>破之，一吼而石粉碎矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巖藪】山澤也。【勍】音擎，强力曰勍。【荐食】上在甸切，重也，再也；下音蝕，侵虧也。如虫食草木之葉也。【侵軼】上漸進相犯也；下音逸，車過也，突也。【戕毁】上在良切，殘毁壞也，發也。<span class="shuming">傳</span>云戕舟發梁也。【殄瘁】上徒典切，絶也；下秦醉切，病也。【觕試】上音角，突也。宜觕字，音角，掎角也。今相撲觕力取勝者是也。或角字，如角抵戲，兩相對角頭能也。【瓦解】如瓦器易破也，解散不堪任用也。【迦那提婆】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">摩陳那迦</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">大域能</span>。【鵂鶹】上音休，下音留，恠鳥也。<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>呼鵑鵅，<span class="zhuanming">山東</span>名馴胡，<span class="zhuanming">關東</span>名鴟梟，但一種名異耳。【殫】音丹，盡也。</span> <span>故以直擊亂，篾有不濟。但慢壘既高<a class="zhuhao" href="#4608" id="4600">〔八〕</a>，邪戈難偃；稠林嘯聚，迷津徒涉。俾苦海波瀾，浩而無際，險道罾繳，綿亘不蔇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">繳，射鳥器也。罾，取魚器也。蔇，至也。修行者不至矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濟】定也，止也。【壘】力癸切，軍營壁曰壘也。【稠林】邪見喻稠林，法輪不轉也。【嘯聚】賊據山林，名爲嘯聚。【徒涉】徒，虚也，步也。無舟涉水曰徒涉也。【罾】音增，取魚器也。【繳】音酌，矰繳也。以生絲縷繫箭射也。【綿亘】上遠也，下遍也。【蔇】居毅切，草多皃，宜既字，已也，盡也。</span> <span>聖人以是爲瘼，群生以是永悼。嘻，何莫如之何也已！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘻】許其切，噫嘻歎也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4593" id="4601">〔一〕</a>大荒：荒遠的地方。<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">大荒東經</span>：「東海之外，大荒之中，有山名曰<span class="zhuanming">大言</span>，日月所出。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">左思</span><span class="shuming">吴都賦</span>：「出乎大荒之中，行乎東極之外。」<span class="zhuanming">劉逵</span>注：「大荒，謂海外也。」　<span class="zhuanming">申毒</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之古稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4594" id="4602">〔二〕</a>僧伽：指僧團，僧衆。這裏當作「僧佉」。「僧佉」爲「數論」的音譯，是古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>哲學流派之一，相傳<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00760','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P760</span></i>創始人是<span class="zhuanming">迦毘羅</span>。參後注「二十五諦」。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">澄觀</span>撰<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經疏</span>卷三四：「外道雖衆，不出僧佉及與衛世。僧佉説覺以爲神相，衛世説知以爲神相。」<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷四七：「僧佉，此言訛也，應言僧仚耶，此言數也。其論以二十五根爲宗，舊云二十五諦。」　衛世：意譯「勝論」，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>哲學流派之一，相傳創始人是<span class="zhuanming">嗢露迦</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">澄觀</span>述<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔</span>卷一三：「或計六句者，即衛世師計，新云吠世史迦薩多羅，此云勝論。『吠世』亦云『鞞世』，『吠世』爲正。立六句義最爲勝故，或是勝人所造論故。其能造人即成劫之未，人壽無量，外道出世，名<span class="zhuanming">嗢露迦</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">鵂鶹</span>，晝避聲色，匿跡山藪，夜絶視聽，方行乞食，時人以爲似鵂鶹鳥，故名<span class="zhuanming">鵂鶹仙人</span>，即<span class="shuming">百論</span>中<span class="zhuanming">優樓佉</span>也，或名<span class="zhuanming">羯拏僕</span>。『羯拏』此云『米臍』，『僕』翻爲『食』。先爲夜遊，驚他稚婦，乃不夜乞，遂收碾場糠秕之中米臍而食，故時號爲<span class="zhuanming">食米臍仙人</span>。多年修道，遂獲五通，謂證菩提，便欣入滅。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4595" id="4603">〔三〕</a>二十五諦：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>數論派的主要觀點。此派將宇宙萬物分爲神我（精神本體）與自性（物質本體）二元，而將世界轉變的過程分爲二十五種，認爲從未顯現的自性中，能顯出「大」﹑「我慢」﹑「五唯」（色﹑聲﹑香﹑味﹑觸）﹑「五知根」（眼﹑耳﹑鼻﹑舌﹑身）﹑「五作業根」（口﹑手﹑足﹑男女﹑大遺）﹑「心根」﹑「五大」（空﹑風﹑火﹑水﹑地）等二十三種，加上「自性」與「神我」，是爲二十五諦，以其爲真實之理，是唯識家破斥的對象。　六句義：指實（事物的本體）﹑德（事物的屬性）﹑業（行爲或作用）﹑大有（能有的屬性）﹑同異（相同和相異）﹑和合（聚集）六句。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4596" id="4604">〔四〕</a>六師：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>時代<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>勢力較大的六種外道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4597" id="4605">〔五〕</a>九十五種：佛教經論中所舉外道之總數，或説九十六種。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元照</span><span class="shuming">四分律行事鈔資持記</span>卷上一上：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00761','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P761</span></i>「言外道者，不受佛華，别行邪法，多論販賣。戒云：根本六師教十五弟子，各各受行異見。六師各别有法，與弟子不同，師弟通有九十六，如是相傳，長者不絶。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4598" id="4606">〔六〕</a>高視：傲視，小看。　薦食：不斷吞併。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">定公四年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>爲封豕長蛇，以薦食上國。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「薦，數也。」　侵軼：侵犯襲擊。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">隱公九年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">北戎</span>侵<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>。<span class="zhuanming">鄭伯</span>禦之，患<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>師，曰：『彼徒我車，懼其侵軼我也。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「軼，突也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4599" id="4607">〔七〕</a>殄瘁：殄滅，滅絶。　<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">勞度叉</span>，外道六師之名。根據<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注，疑其即衛世外道<span class="zhuanming">嗢露迦</span>另一譯名。<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>與<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>鬥法，見<span class="shuming">賢愚經</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">須達起精舍品</span>：「六師衆中有一弟子，名<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>，善知幻術，於大衆前，咒作一樹，自然長大，蔭覆衆會，枝葉鬱茂，花果各異。衆人咸言：『此變乃是<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>作。』時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，便以神力，作旋嵐風，吹拔樹根，倒著於地，碎爲微塵。衆人皆言：『<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>勝，今<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>，便爲不如。』又復咒作一池，其池四面，皆以七寶，池水之中，生種種華。衆人咸言：『是<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>之所作也。』時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，化作一大六牙白象。其一牙上，有七蓮花，一一花上，有七玉女。其象徐庠，往詣池邊，并含其水，池即時滅。衆人悉言：『<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>勝，<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>不如。』復作一山，七寶莊嚴，泉池樹木，花果茂盛。衆人咸言：『此是<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>作。』時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，即便化作金剛力士，以金剛杵，遥用指之，山即破壞，無有遺餘。衆會皆言：『<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>勝，<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>不如。』復作一龍身，有十頭，於虚空中，雨種種寶，雷電振地，驚動大衆。衆人咸言：『此亦<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>作。』時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>便化作一金翅鳥王，擘裂噉之。衆人皆言：『<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>勝，<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>不如。』復作一牛，身體高大，肥壯多力，麤脚利角，爮地大吼，奔突來前。時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>化作師子王，分裂食之。衆人言曰：『<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>勝，<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>不如。』復<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00762','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P762</span></i>變其身作夜叉鬼，形體長大，頭上火燃，目赤如血。四牙長利，口自出火，騰躍奔赴。時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>自化其身，作<span class="zhuanming">毘沙門王</span>。夜叉恐怖，即欲退走，四面火起，無有去處。唯<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>邊，涼冷無火，即時屈伏，五體投地，求哀脱命。辱心已生，火即還滅。衆咸唱言：『<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>勝，<span class="zhuanming">勞度差</span>不如。』時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>身昇虚空，現四威儀，行住坐卧，身上出水，身下出火，東没西踊，西没東踊，北没南踊，南没北踊。或現大身，滿虚空中。而復現小，或分一身作百千萬億身，還合爲一身，於虚空中，忽然在地，履地如水，履水如地。作是變已，還攝神足，坐其本座。時會大衆，見其神力，咸懷歡喜。時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>即爲説法，隨其本行宿福因緣，各得道跡。或得須陀洹﹑斯陀含﹑阿那含﹑阿羅漢者，六師徒衆，三億弟子，於<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>所，出家學道。」<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">降魔變文</span>亦是演義<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>與<span class="zhuanming">勞度叉</span>鬥法的著名俗文學作品。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4600" id="4608">〔八〕</a>慢：恃己而凌他。唯識宗認爲「慢」是六種根本煩惱之一。</span> </p><p> <span>自白馬西來，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>文貢<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年，<span class="zhuanming">攝摩騰</span>與<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>以白馬馱經像，方來至<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>也。</span> <span>信毁迭扇，君臣不一。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時五岳道士<span class="zhuanming">褚善信</span>等求比試，焚燒經像也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迭扇】上更牙也，下播也。</span> <span>且遐域之壤，九服謂之荒表；兑方之俗，四海目爲<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>人<a class="zhuhao" href="#4619" id="4609">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">九服，九州。兑方，西國。</span> <span>而彼復謂<span class="zhuanming">中華</span>封略爲儒邦，<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>東陲爲邊裔。夫人情各重其所處，而傲乎他邦，而皆曰佛何不生中國？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>人自以此土爲中國。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【封略】封，國也；略，法也。【裔】邊也。【處】上居也，去所也。【皆曰】邪見之人不一曰皆。</span> <span>傳聞<span class="zhuanming">中天</span>夏至，測影而盡其表<a class="zhuhao" href="#4620" id="4610">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西天<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>夏至之日，樹竿於日中，無影。蓋得<span class="zhuanming">閻浮</span>之中，日行正居上，故彼稱中也。</span> <span>此方雖<span class="zhuanming">邵伯</span>相宅，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>往營<a class="zhuhao" href="#4621" id="4611">〔三〕</a>，</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00763','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P763</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>本都<span class="zhuanming">鄗京</span>，<span class="zhuanming">召公</span>相宅於<span class="zhuanming">郟鄏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>至<span class="zhuanming">成周</span>營之，則今<span class="zhuanming">洛京</span>是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邵伯】上實照切，邑名，<span class="zhuanming">周文王</span>子<span class="zhuanming">奭</span>之封也。時相<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>爲太保，先相宅於<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>上<span class="zhuanming">邵</span>，吉，乃告。【周公】<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>太師，然後往營。【鄗京】上音浩，今<span class="zhuanming">長安縣</span><span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>北有<span class="zhuanming">鎬陂</span>，是舊京都也。【郟鄏】上古洽切，下音辱。昔<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>定鼎於<span class="zhuanming">郟鄏</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>營<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，卜<span class="zhuanming">澗水</span>東<span class="zhuanming">瀍水</span>西而營<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>，是爲王城也。</span> <span>而<span class="shuming">周禮</span>云：「大司徒職：日至之景，尺有五寸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">洛京</span>雖<span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>之心，夏至之日午時，樹竿尚有一尺五寸之景，則别地更多也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【景】光也。或影字也。</span> <span>謂之地中，天地之所合，四時之所交，風雨之所會，陰陽之所和，百物阜安，乃建王國。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4622" id="4612">〔四〕</a>今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">陽城縣</span>，得<span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>之中<a class="zhuhao" href="#4623" id="4613">〔五〕</a>，而影且有餘矣。其不在<span class="zhuanming">陽城</span>，則又過乎一尺五寸矣。而天上千里，地下一寸，故此<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>萬里之外，又戎夏爲邦，古今何定？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陽城】至<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">登封</span>年改爲<span class="zhuanming">告成</span>，<span class="zhuanming">天祐</span>中更名<span class="zhuanming">陽邑</span>也。【中夏之中】<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span>遷都<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>，建義曰：蓋<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>者，中國之中。諸侯朝覲﹑貢職，道路均也。地下，古本是十字，悮也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>化則爲<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">左傳</span>有<span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>之<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>，又有伐<span class="zhuanming">陸渾</span>之<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>，皆在<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">越</span>變而爲<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">越</span>本<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">勾踐</span><span class="zhuanming">夫差</span>皆爲中國霸主矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陸渾】<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>西北有<span class="zhuanming">陸渾</span>之<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>於<span class="zhuanming">伊川</span>，後爲<span class="zhuanming">陸渾縣</span>。<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>軍字，悮。【吴越】<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>十年<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，會諸侯於<span class="zhuanming">黄池</span>。自後<span class="zhuanming">越</span>盛大，嘗盟中國。</span> <span>故至聖乘時，本不限於方俗，但以<span class="zhuanming">大千閻浮</span>爲内地<a class="zhuhao" href="#4624" id="4614">〔六〕</a>，可此即此，可彼即彼，豈以<span class="zhuanming">文</span><span class="zhuanming">武</span>不在<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，則非天下之君乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文王</span>居<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>居<span class="zhuanming">歧下</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文武不在洛】<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">西伯</span>，都于<span class="zhuanming">灃水</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">長安縣</span>西北<span class="zhuanming">靈臺鄉</span><span class="zhuanming">灃水</span>上是。<span class="zhuanming">武</span>都<span class="zhuanming">鄗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>都<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，或都<span class="zhuanming">豐鎬</span>。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>時無輪王，分天下爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00764','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P764</span></i>四主<a class="zhuhao" href="#4625" id="4615">〔七〕</a>。東以人爲主，正由禮樂出乎此方，仁義冠乎八荒。舉稱中非，必由於地。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">何承天</span>問<span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>曰：「佛國用何曆？」<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>曰：「彼夏至之日，方中無影，五行尚土德，八寸爲尺，一兩當此方十二兩，建辰爲歲首。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>親至西天迴，故能明此事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【建辰】此方三月。</span> <span>及討覈分至﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">春秋分，冬夏至。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【討覈】上推尋也，下考實也。</span> <span>薄食﹑宿度，阿衡陰陽，乃以爲然<a class="zhuhao" href="#4626" id="4616">〔八〕</a>。但以西來三藏，越海重譯<a class="zhuhao" href="#4627" id="4617">〔九〕</a>，涉歷于艱險，輕百死而致乎一生。既至而不知鄉國之所在，固可悲也。其所翻譯，方諸寰中之典，既乖視聽，深違背欲，將使積昏之士，背風靡草，逆坂走丸<a class="zhuhao" href="#4628" id="4618">〔一○〕</a>，祇增其忿，誠又難也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以翻譯三藏來既遐遠，不達此方語言，致令詞有質朴，文非流美，如<span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>所譯等經。不了之士，逆便相非，增於謗讟，則爲未可者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【薄蝕】如虫食物，日月有時妖物來食，故曰薄蝕。【宿度】上息救切，星宿也。二十八宿各有度數也。【阿衡】上倚也，近也，曲也；衡，平也。【寰】音還，王者封畿内縣。【靡】偃也。【坂】坡也。【祇】大也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4609" id="4619">〔一〕</a>九服：王畿以外的九等地區。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">夏官</span><span class="shuming">職方氏</span>：「乃辨九服之邦國，方千里曰王畿。其外方五百里曰侯服，又其外方五百里曰甸服，又其外方五百里曰男服，又其外方五百里曰采服，又其外方五百里曰衛服，又其外方五百里曰蠻服，又其外方五百里曰夷服，又其外方五百里曰鎮服，又其外方五百里曰藩服。」　四海：指四鄰各族居住的地域。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span><span class="shuming">釋地</span>：「九<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑八<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>﹑七<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>﹑六<span class="zhuanming">蠻</span>，謂之四海。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00765','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P765</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4610" id="4620">〔二〕</a>表：測量日影的儀器，爲一直立的標竿。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4611" id="4621">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">邵伯</span>：「邵」亦作「召」。名<span class="zhuanming">奭</span>，同<span class="zhuanming">周公旦</span>輔佐其兄<span class="zhuanming">周武王</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">商</span>，後又主持營建<span class="zhuanming">成周</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4612" id="4622">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">地官</span><span class="shuming">大司徒</span>云：「大司徒之職……以土圭之灋測土深﹑正日景以求地中。日南則景短多暑，日北則景長多寒，日東則景夕多風，日西則景朝多陰。日至之景，尺有五寸，謂之地中：天地之所合也，四時之所交也，風雨之所會也，陰陽之所和也。然則百物阜安，乃建王國焉，制其畿，方千里而封樹之。」<span class="zhuanming">賈公彦</span>疏：「土圭尺有五寸，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>攝政四年，欲求土中而營王城，故以土圭度日景之法測度也。度土之深，深謂日景長短之深也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4613" id="4623">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">華夏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4614" id="4624">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大千</span>：即「三千大千世界」。<span class="zhuanming">閻浮</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>，亦稱<span class="zhuanming">南贍部洲</span>等，佛經中的四大部洲之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4615" id="4625">〔七〕</a>四主：指<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提洲</span>之地分封之象主﹑寶主﹑馬主﹑人主。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一<span class="shuming">序論</span>：「時無輪王應運，<span class="zhuanming">贍部洲</span>地有四主焉。南象主則暑濕宜象，西寶主乃臨海盈寶，北馬主寒勁宜馬，東人主和暢多人。……人主之地，風俗機惠，仁義照明，冠帶右衽，車服有序，安土重遷，務資有類。三主之俗，東方爲上。其居室則東辟其户，旦日則東向以拜。人主之地，南面爲尊。方俗殊風，斯其大概。至於君臣上下之禮，憲章文軌之儀，人主之地無以加也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4616" id="4626">〔八〕</a>薄食：又作「薄蝕」，即日（月）食現象。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">天文志</span>：「彗孛飛流，日月薄食。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">孟康</span>曰：『日月無光曰薄……或曰不交而食曰薄。』<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>曰：『氣往迫之爲薄，虧毁曰食也。』」　宿度：用以標誌天上星宿位置的度數。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧嚴</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">范</span>，<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">東海</span><span class="zhuanming">何承<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00766','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P766</span></i>天</span>以博物著名，乃問<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>：『佛國將用何曆？』<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>夏至之日，方中無影，所謂天中，於五行土德，色尚黄，數尚五，八寸爲一尺，十兩當此土十二兩，建辰之月爲歲首。』及討覈分至，推校薄蝕，顧步光影，其法甚詳，宿度年紀，咸有條例，<span class="zhuanming">承天</span>無所厝難。後<span class="zhuanming">婆利國</span>人來，果同<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>説。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4617" id="4627">〔九〕</a>重譯：輾轉翻譯。這裏極狀其遠。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">太史公自序</span>：「海外殊俗，重譯款塞，請來獻見者，不可勝道。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「重譯，更譯其言也。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">平帝紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">元始</span>元年春正月，<span class="zhuanming">越裳氏</span>重譯獻白雉一﹑黑雉二，詔使三公以薦宗廟。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">越裳</span>，南方遠國也。譯謂傳言也。道路絶遠，風俗殊隔，故累譯而後乃通。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4618" id="4628">〔一○〕</a>積昏：謂糊塗。　背風：避風。　靡草：謂草木順風而倒。　逆阪走丸：逆着斜坡滚丸。按：背風靡草﹑逆阪走丸，喻指做事費力不討好。</span> </p><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">雍門周</span>承<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗</span>騷屑悽感，爲之鼓琴，琴一發而涕泗零落，不知其極<a class="zhuhao" href="#4633" id="4629">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">雍門</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>地也。<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">田文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>公子也。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>承爲之鼓琴，琴發而涕不能止。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騷屑】愁苦皃也。【涕泗】上音體，下音四，目汁也。</span> <span>而邪愚之夫，承王侯疑貳阻薄，爲之鼓唇，唇一啓而訕謗摇動，莫我已矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此叙輕毁宗教之士，因時政之官於吾教疑貳之間，承便鼓扇于唇齒以譭謗，致令王侯心迴而信用之也。</span> <span>是以假彼重位鴻才<a class="zhuhao" href="#4634" id="4630">〔二〕</a>，言爲物準，行爲時憲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛法付與王臣，凡在位官員，才學之士，假以護持，所在三寶，尤宜接奉，貴其大才重位，以弘護宗教矣。準，繩也。憲，法也。</span> <span>順則誘掖，背則擊搏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">掖，提膊也。信順之者，提臂而引之。不信者，擊搏而責之也。</span> <span>使弱喪知乎所歸<a class="zhuhao" href="#4635" id="4631">〔三〕</a>，食椹懷乎<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00767','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P767</span></i>好音<a class="zhuhao" href="#4636" id="4632">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">黄鶯食桑椹而音美，如聞法而敬信也。</span> <span>乃佛法金城湯池之固，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">假尊官爲外護，則佛法若有城池之固。</span> <span>而攻者罔弗敗律喪師矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若有外黨相攻，無不自然摧敗也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【金城】<span class="shuming">世本</span>云<span class="zhuanming">鮌</span>作城郭。【擊搏】仗加曰擊，手加曰搏。【椹】食荏切，桑實也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4629" id="4633">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">雍門周</span>：<span class="zhuanming">雍門子周</span>，亦稱<span class="zhuanming">雍門子</span>。古之善琴者。　騷屑：淒涼愁苦。　淒感：淒惻感傷。　<span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">善説</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">雍門子周</span>以琴見乎<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗君</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗君</span>曰：『先生鼓琴，亦能令<span class="zhuanming">文</span>悲乎？』<span class="zhuanming">雍門子周</span>曰：『臣何獨能令足下悲哉？臣之所能令悲者，有先貴而後賤，先富而後貧者也。不若身材高妙，適遭暴亂，無道之士，妄加不道之理焉；不若處勢隱絶，不及四鄰，詘折儐厭，襲於窮巷，無所告愬；不若交歡相愛，無怨而任離，遠赴絶國，無復相見之時；不若少失二親，兄弟别離，家室不足，憂蹙盈向。當是之時也，固不可以聞飛鳥疾風之聲，窮窮焉固無樂已。凡若是者，臣一爲之徽膠，援琴而長太息，則流涕沾衿矣。今若足下千乘之君也，居則廣厦邃房，下羅帷，來清風，倡優侏儒處前，迭進而諂諛；燕則鬭象棋而舞<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>女，激楚之功風，練色以淫目，流聲以娱耳；水遊則連方舟，載羽旗，鼓吹乎不測之淵；野遊則馳騁弋獵乎平原廣囿，格猛獸；入則撞鐘擊鼓乎深宫之中。方此之時，視天地曾不若一指，忘死與生，雖有善鼓琴者，固未能令足下悲也。』<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗君</span>曰：『否！否！<span class="zhuanming">文</span>固以爲不然。』<span class="zhuanming">雍門子周</span>曰：『然臣之所爲足下悲者一事也。夫聲敵帝而困<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>者，君之連五國之約，南面而伐<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>者，又君也。天下未嘗無事，不從則横，從成則<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>王，横成則<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>帝。<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>王<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>帝，必報讎於<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>矣。夫以<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>之强而報讎於弱<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>，譽之猶摩蕭斧而伐朝菌也，必不留行矣。天下有識之士，無不爲足下寒心酸鼻者。千秋萬歲之後，廟堂必不血食矣。高臺既以壞，曲池既以漸，墳墓既以下而青<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00768','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P768</span></i>廷矣。嬰兒豎子樵採薪蕘者，蹢躅其足而歌其上，衆人見之，無不愁焉，爲足下悲之，曰：「夫以<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗君</span>尊貴，乃可使若此乎？」』於是<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗君</span>泫然泣涕，承睫而未殞，<span class="zhuanming">雍門子周</span>引琴而鼓之，徐動宫徵，微揮羽角，切終而成曲，<span class="zhuanming">孟嘗君</span>涕浪汗增，欷而就之，曰：『先生之鼓琴，令<span class="zhuanming">文</span>立若破國亡邑之人也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4630" id="4634">〔二〕</a>重位：高位，這裏指高位的人。　鴻才：大才，這裏指才能卓越的人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4631" id="4635">〔三〕</a>弱喪：謂少小離鄉，失去故土者。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「予惡乎知惡死之非弱喪而不知歸者邪！」<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「少而失其故居，名爲弱喪。夫弱喪者，遂安於所在而不知歸於故鄉也。焉知生之非夫弱喪，焉知死之非還歸而惡之哉！」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「弱者弱齡，喪之言失。謂少年遭亂，喪失桑梓，遂安他土而不知歸，謂之弱夫。從無出有，謂之爲生；自有還無，謂之爲死。遂其戀生惡死，豈非弱喪不知歸邪！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4632" id="4636">〔四〕</a>懷：歸，贈送。好音：好聽的聲音，這裏指善言。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">魯頌</span><span class="shuming">泮水</span>：「翩彼飛鴞，集于泮林。食我桑黮，懷我好音。」黮，同「椹」，桑樹的果實。</span> </p><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之難，而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>不能違之者何？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">外人問有難<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之教，而引<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之教答之，而不能違避其難者，有何所以？</span> <span>譬陰愆于序，赫日晞之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4641" id="4637">〔一〕</a>；陽愆于序，洪雨霔之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">久雨者，陰之失序，則須晴景方解。久旱者，陽之失序，則須甘雨解之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愆】失也。【晞】日氣乾也。</span> <span>若陰濟于陰，陽濟于陽，則九載之水，七年之旱，未足多也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>有九載之水，<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>有七年之旱。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濟】去，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00769','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P769</span></i>止也。</span> <span>故古之賢德，無位何威？無賞何悦？無辯何信？其所酬抗<a class="zhuhao" href="#4642" id="4638">〔二〕</a>，多以<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教爲證，反資其倨。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">答難若專引己教爲證，如以陰濟陰，以陽濟陽也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抗】舉也，對也。</span> <span>是以夷難静暴，復迷取亂，挫<span class="zhuanming">公孫龍</span>之辯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夷，平也。取亂，取勝也。<span class="zhuanming">公孫龍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>人也。<span class="zhuanming">虞卿</span>思以<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>請封<span class="zhuanming">平原</span>，<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>以辯捷諫而止。<span class="shuming">後語</span>云「<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>有白馬之辯」者也。</span> <span>絶<span class="zhuanming">叔孫氏</span>之毁，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">叔孫武叔</span>毁<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：「夫子不可毁。他人之賢者，丘陵也。夫子之賢者，日月也。不可得而踰也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4643" id="4639">〔三〕</a></span> <span>雖有方袍，莫如服冕。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">服冕儒士有毁夫子，輒能對之。豈可方袍<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子遭毁其師，而無對答之者，可不恥乎？必資於學矣。方袍，袈裟也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">何承天</span>著<span class="shuming">達性論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>折之；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之朝士。<span class="zhuanming">顔光禄</span>也，有文，常好飲酒。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">范縝</span>構<span class="shuming">形神滅</span>義，<span class="zhuanming">沈約</span>質之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梁朝</span>賢士也。文在<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【范縝】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>御史中丞。下章忍切。</span> <span>故豺狼非狻猊不制，虵豕非鏌鎁不斷。而經稱爲外援展如之人<a class="zhuhao" href="#4644" id="4640">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">展，審也。假信心爲外援，審如此也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【豺狼】上在皆切，狼屬。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云：仲秋之月，豺祭獸。【狻猊】上音酸，下五稽切，獅子屬。一走五百里也。【蛇】長蛇封豕。虵非。【鏌鎁】上音莫，下音耶，劍名。<span class="zhuanming">眉間尺</span>用以報讎者也。【外援展如之人】<span class="shuming">詩</span>云。<span class="shuming">君子偕老</span>云：子之清揚兮，且之顔；展如之人兮，邦之援也。注：展，誠也。邦人所依，倚爲助援也。詳議。【援】接援也，校助也。</span> <span>則不失其名也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4637" id="4641">〔一〕</a>赫日：紅日。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一○下：「赫，火赤貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4638" id="4642">〔二〕</a>酬抗：酬對，答對。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00770','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P770</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4639" id="4643">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子張</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">叔孫武叔</span>毁<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『無以爲也！<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>不可毁也。他人之賢者，丘陵也，猶可逾也；<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>，日月也，無得而逾焉。人雖欲自絶，其何傷於日月乎？多見其不知量也！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4640" id="4644">〔四〕</a>展如：真誠貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">鄘風</span><span class="shuming">君子偕老</span>：「子之清揚，揚且之顔也。展如之人兮，邦之媛也。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「展，誠也。」</span> </p><p> <span>嗚呼，有天地焉，有生成焉，有信者焉，有不信者焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既天地造化，則有萬物人倫。人倫之内，有信者，有不信者，情不同故也。</span> <span>其信如<span class="zhuanming">漢顯宗</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">則<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>第二主<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">傅武仲</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">大帝</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">支</span>與<span class="zhuanming">闞</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">闞澤</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【闞】苦濫切，姓也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>至于受終<a class="zhuhao" href="#4648" id="4645">〔一〕</a>，至<span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝尚</span>之倫，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">文</span><span class="zhuanming">明</span>洎<span class="zhuanming">宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">何</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顔</span>輩，<span class="zhuanming">魏宗</span><span class="zhuanming">恭</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span><span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>君臣<span class="zhuanming">陶隱居</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">陶景純</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">隱居</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">貞白先生</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王蒙】與<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>談義者。【郗超】早奉法要。【許詢】嘗爲<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>都講。【謝尚】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">酈陽</span>太守給事中。【宋文明】<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>述<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>頓悟義，<span class="zhuanming">宋明帝</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">湘宫寺</span>。【何顔】<span class="zhuanming">何尚之</span>對<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>，下自有文。<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>造論，破<span class="zhuanming">何承天</span>。【魏宗】<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太武</span>侍中，深信佛法。【劉虬】譯經判教。【陶隱居】<span class="zhuanming">陶弘景</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">通明</span>，自號<span class="zhuanming">華陽</span><span class="zhuanming">陶隱居</span>，脩書以<span class="zhuanming">隱居</span>代名。故非字者也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">顔之推</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此並深信之士。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【顔之推】<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>時爲中書舍人也。</span> <span>其不信如<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡謨</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">字<span class="zhuanming">道明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">康帝</span>令作讚佛頌，堅不從，乃言謗佛，下廷尉，免爲庶人。</span> <span>僞<span class="zhuanming">趙</span><span class="zhuanming">王度</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">周朗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞愿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">張普濟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">李瑒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊衒之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">劉晝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">荀濟</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此實心毁教，不信之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王度】<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>中書監。【周朗】<span class="zhuanming">廬陵王</span>内史。【虞愿】<span class="zhuanming">宋明帝</span>中書。下音願。【張普濟】<span class="zhuanming">孝文帝</span>諫議大夫。或云<span class="zhuanming">張普惠</span>。【李瑒】<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">宣武帝</span>時爲<span class="zhuanming">高陽王</span>友，上書<span class="zhuanming">靈太后</span>，欲誅諂佞而得<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00771','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P771</span></i>免。瑒音羊。【楊衒之】<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>末爲祕書監。【劉晝】<span class="zhuanming">渤海</span>人。上書毁<span class="zhuanming">釋</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>，乃沉鬱之士，言多鄙猥也。【荀濟】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>故交，恨帝不任用，上書謗佛。帝欲殺之，奔<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文襄</span>燔而殺之。</span> <span>夫信者静乃一心，昭窮萬化，或未遺所存，要報求施，重因緣之理，篤敬戒之心，退無納隍之酷，進致含光之美<a class="zhuhao" href="#4649" id="4646">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">隍，阬也。若致於阬也。</span> <span>其不信者，神用匪虚，鄙識濁慮，或惡幢塔崇侈，法籍宏奥，僧居塽塏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">塽塏，高浄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【篤儆戒之心】儆，居影切，寤也，戒也。餘本皆敬字。【納隍】下音皇，城池也。【含光】含容光彩也。【崇侈】其高千尺曰崇，鋪柱金鋪曰侈。【宏奥】室中巷也。以萬計曰宏，義理深玄曰奥。【塽塏】上爽下愷，高燥也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：更諸塽塏。</span> <span>法徒尊大，攄己之憾，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">攄，舒也。</span> <span>悖乎楊言，駟不及舌<a class="zhuhao" href="#4650" id="4647">〔三〕</a>，陷乎邪黨，哀哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【攄】丑居切，舒張也。【悖】音背，心亂也。又蒲没切，逆也。【駟】音四，四馬並駕一乘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4645" id="4648">〔一〕</a>受終：承受帝位，多指接受禪讓。出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「正月上日，受終于文祖。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「終謂<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>終帝位之事。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「受終者，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>爲天子，於此事終而授與<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>。故知終謂<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>終帝位之事，終言<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>終<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>始也。」「<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>至于受終」，指<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>到<span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">恭帝</span>被迫將帝位禪讓給<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4646" id="4649">〔二〕</a>納隍：謂推入城池中。<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span><span class="shuming">東京賦</span>：「人或不得其所，若己納之於隍。」　含光：猶和光。謂内藴不外露，比喻至德。<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">陳大丘碑文</span>：「赫矣<span class="zhuanming">陳君</span>，命世是生，含光醇德，爲士作程。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4647" id="4650">〔三〕</a>楊言：即「揚言」，誇大其辭。<span class="shuming">大戴禮記</span><span class="shuming">文王官人</span>：「飾貌者不情，隱節者不平，多私者不義，揚言者寡信。」　駟：四匹馬拉的車。舌：指説的話。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">棘子成</span>曰：『君子質而已矣，何以文<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00772','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P772</span></i>爲？』<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『惜乎，夫子之説君子也！駟不及舌。文猶質也，質猶文也；虎豹之鞟，猶犬羊之鞟。』」</span> </p><p> <span>然有過乎信者，如<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">文慧太子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">文</span><span class="zhuanming">宣</span>二帝，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">文成</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">獻文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孝文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>也。此諸信等，皆見<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。</span> <span>或開演金偈，或捐擲寶位，或縱民入道，或竭國起寺。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今<span class="zhuanming">大宋</span>皇帝造金銀字<span class="shuming">大藏經</span>數藏，雕藏經印板一十三萬餘板，嚴飾天下寺舍，每年祠部牒度僧八千餘人也。<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>初登極，度天下係帳童子出家。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捐擲】上音沿，棄也；下音直，投也。【文惠太子】<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>子，設六疾館，行八關齋。【竟陵王】<span class="zhuanming">蕭子良</span>，撰<span class="shuming">浄住子</span>二十卷。【梁高祖】<span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span>也。【陳文宣】<span class="zhuanming">陳世祖</span><span class="zhuanming">文皇帝</span>，捨身於<span class="zhuanming">太極殿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孝宣皇帝</span>造<span class="shuming">發願文</span>。【文成】<span class="zhuanming">景穆太子</span>之子。【獻文】<span class="zhuanming">文成</span>長子。【孝文】<span class="zhuanming">獻文</span>之子。【齊高洋】竟日禪思起塔。【係帳】上音計，連也。</span> <span>其有過於不信者，如<span class="zhuanming">拓跋</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏武</span><span class="zhuanming">燾</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【拓跋】注<span class="zhuanming">道武</span>，非，乃<span class="zhuanming">太武</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">宇文</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周武</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">唐初</span>。</span> <span>爲災孽魃彗焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4658" id="4651">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魃】步末切，旱鬼也。【彗】遂﹑彗二音，妖星也。</span> <span>其有君主議及沙汰者，此實絜揚清之美，非不信之士也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4659" id="4652">〔二〕</a>。昔<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>教曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">教，令也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沙汰】陶也，去麁取精也。</span> <span>「沙門有能申述經誥，暢説義理，戒禁修整，足以宣紀大化<a class="zhuhao" href="#4660" id="4653">〔三〕</a>。其有違於此者，悉令罷道。」<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>與<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>書曰：「佛教陵遲，穢雜日久。每一尋至，慨憤盈懷。常恐運出非意，淪湑將及。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">淪湑，漸漬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陵】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">范雲</span>表曰：<span class="zhuanming">齊末</span>陵遲官方亂。陵遲，零落也。【憤】懣也。</span> <span>竊見清澄諸道<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00773','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P773</span></i>人教<a class="zhuhao" href="#4661" id="4654">〔四〕</a>，實應本心。夫<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>以<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>分，則清濁殊勢；枉以直正，則不仁自遠。此命既行，則二理斯得，然後令飾僞者絶假道之路，懷真者無負俗之嫌。道俗交通，三寶復隆矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4662" id="4655">〔五〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古者沙汰，揔有二意：一爲崇重教門，惡其渝濫，故澄汰姦冗，務令清浄。<span class="zhuanming">宋世祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王度</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蕭謩之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周朗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞愿</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張普惠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">李瑒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">衛元嵩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顧觀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">邢子才</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">高道讓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">盧思道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">唐高祖</span>十四人也；二爲憎嫉昌顯，危身挾怨，故須除蕩以暢胸襟，<span class="zhuanming">魏太武</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周高祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡謩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉晝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊衒之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">荀濟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">章仇子陁</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4663" id="4656">〔六〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉惠琳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">范縝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王文同</span>十一人，實心毁滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【涇以渭分】濁<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>清<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>。<span class="shuming">西征賦</span>云：南有玄<span class="zhuanming">灞</span>素<span class="zhuanming">滻</span>，湯井温谷。北有清<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>濁<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蘭池</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周曲</span>是也。【枉】邪曲也。<span class="shuming">語</span>云：舉直錯諸枉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4664" id="4657">〔七〕</a>。【渝】偷，薄也。【冗】散亂也。【宋世祖】<span class="zhuanming">孝武帝</span>至<span class="zhuanming">大明</span>六年，令有司奏沙門拜敬王者。【顔延之】<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>嘗賜沙門<span class="zhuanming">惠琳</span>獨榻而坐，<span class="zhuanming">延之</span>曰：此三台之坐，豈使刑餘者居之？【蕭謩之】<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>時爲<span class="zhuanming">丹陽尹</span>，奏沙門不得私鑄佛像﹑起塔﹑立寺。謩，音模。【張普惠】前云<span class="zhuanming">張普濟</span>。【衛元嵩】上言令<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>沙汰僧尼，毁滅寺塔也。【顧觀】<span class="zhuanming">顧道士</span>，造<span class="shuming">三破論夷夏論</span>等謗佛。【邢子才】<span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>著作郎，佳脱略，謗因果也。【高道讓】言寺院雄壯，水陸備陳之事。【盧思道】<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>黄門郎，作<span class="shuming">西征記</span>，議佛法也。【唐高祖】<span class="zhuanming">武德</span>七年欲沙汰浮圖，<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>諫而止。【章仇子陀】<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>時爲儒林郎，上疏毁佛，敕長禁獄中，令自死之。有是予字，悮。【劉惠琳】沙門<span class="zhuanming">劉惠</span>，作<span class="shuming">白黑論</span>，議佛法也。【傅弈】<span class="shuming">弘明集</span><span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>在二第五人中，却無<span class="zhuanming">王文同</span>。若不數<span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">李公緒</span>。【王文同】<span class="zhuanming">隋煬帝</span>時人，見<span class="shuming">北史</span><span class="shuming">酷吏傳</span>。【季公緒】<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>有，注略此人。</span> <span>玄教於是不及<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4651" id="4658">〔一〕</a>魃：旱魃。傳説中能引起旱災的鬼。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷九上：「魃，旱鬼也。」　彗：彗星。舊説彗星出現，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00774','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P774</span></i>爲重大災難的預兆。按：<span class="zhuanming">傅奕</span>有<span class="shuming">請廢佛法表</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4652" id="4659">〔二〕</a>絜：修整。　揚清：謂稱揚美德。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4653" id="4660">〔三〕</a>大化：深遠的教化。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大誥</span>：「肆予大化誘我友邦君。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「故我大爲教化，勸誘我所友國君，共伐叛逆。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4654" id="4661">〔四〕</a>清澄：亦作「清澂」，審察。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">九章</span><span class="shuming">惜往日</span>：「君念怒而待臣兮，不清澂其然否。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「清澂，猶審察也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4655" id="4662">〔五〕</a>負俗：謂與世俗不相諧。　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「俄而<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>欲沙汰衆僧，教僚屬曰：『沙門有能申述經誥，暢説義理，或禁行修整，足以宣寄大化。其有違於此者，悉皆罷遣。唯<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>道德所居，不在搜簡之例。』<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>與<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>書曰：『佛教凌遲，穢雜日久。每一尋至，慨憤盈懷。常恐運出非意，淪湑將及。竊見清澄諸道人教，實應其本心。夫<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>以<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>分，則清濁殊勢；枉以直正，則不仁自遠。此命既行，必一理斯得。然後令飾僞者絶假通之路，懷真者無負俗之嫌。道世交興，三寶復隆矣。』因廣立條制，<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>從之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4656" id="4663">〔六〕</a>子：原誤作「于」字。陁：同「陀」。<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">武平</span>六年（五七五），儒林學士<span class="zhuanming">章仇子陀</span>上疏，請後主<span class="zhuanming">高緯</span>毁佛。<span class="zhuanming">高緯</span>大怒，賜死。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4657" id="4664">〔七〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「舉直錯諸枉，則民服；舉枉錯諸直，則民不服。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫血胎粒食者<a class="zhuhao" href="#4675" id="4665">〔一〕</a>，信不信何二焉？但人禀五材正氣者<a class="zhuhao" href="#4676" id="4666">〔二〕</a>，必保乎正性正命，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">賢者禀五行之清氣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【五材】宜此才字，五行之才用也。</span> <span>克昭懋行，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">能明勉勵之行。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懋】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00775','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P775</span></i>莫候切，美也，勉也。</span> <span>其憑福田，故乃信也；禀沴氣者，必僻恣淫愎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4677" id="4667">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">愎，悷也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沴氣】邪也。【愎】蒲逼切，很也。【悷】盧帝切，𢤱悷也，惡也。</span> <span>滅没天理，其假禍亡，故不信也。若使<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>元凱<a class="zhuhao" href="#4678" id="4668">〔四〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span><span class="zhuanming">殷</span><span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">傅</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>也。元凱，十六相。<span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷湯</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【元】八元也。【凱】八凱也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>之十亂<a class="zhuhao" href="#4679" id="4669">〔五〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亂，治也。<span class="zhuanming">太公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">召公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">畢公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">榮公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南宫括</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">散宜生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太顛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閎夭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">文母</span>十人也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之三傑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">張良</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蕭何</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">韓信</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【傑】渠列切，英俊也，特立也。</span> <span>仰眄金容，俯聆玉軸，則未嘗不信興五内，言動群有<a class="zhuhao" href="#4680" id="4670">〔六〕</a>，彼何然？蓋「爲善惟日不足」故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4681" id="4671">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此等雖未偶教興，若遇之，必大崇信也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仰眄】瞻仰也。下莫甸切，視也。【聆】音令，以耳取聲。【玉軸】佛經以玉爲軸。</span> <span>若使<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陽貨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>，視之瞽如，聽之聵如<a class="zhuhao" href="#4682" id="4672">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桀</span>，<span class="zhuanming">夏王</span><span class="zhuanming">癸</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4683" id="4673">〔九〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">殷王</span><span class="zhuanming">辛</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4684" id="4674">〔一○〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">莊蹺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>惡賊。<span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>暴賊。<span class="zhuanming">陽貨</span>，<span class="zhuanming">季桓子</span>家臣，暴虐於<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鄭子臧</span>也。瞽，聞善不足化也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聵】五恠切。【蹻】音脚。</span> <span>彼何哉然？蓋凶人爲不善，亦惟日不足故也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4665" id="4675">〔一〕</a>血胎：猶言胎生。　粒食：以穀物爲食。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">王制</span>：「北方曰<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>，衣羽毛穴居，有不粒食者矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4666" id="4676">〔二〕</a>五材：五種德性。<span class="shuming">六韜</span><span class="shuming">龍韜</span>：「所謂五材者，勇﹑智﹑仁﹑信﹑忠也。勇則不可犯，智則不可亂，仁則愛人，信則不欺，忠則無二心。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4667" id="4677">〔三〕</a>僻恣：怪僻而放縱。<span class="zhuanming">荀悦</span><span class="shuming">漢紀</span><span class="shuming">武帝紀二</span>：「自<span class="zhuanming">偃</span>之後，諸公主行多僻恣者矣。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00776','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P776</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4668" id="4678">〔四〕</a>元凱：即「八元八凱」。傳説<span class="zhuanming">高辛氏</span>有才子八人，稱爲八元；<span class="zhuanming">高陽氏</span>有才子八人，稱爲八凱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4669" id="4679">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓中</span>：「予有亂臣十人，同心同德。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「我治理之臣雖少而心德同。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="shuming">釋詁</span>云：亂，治也。」十人，指<span class="zhuanming">周公旦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">召公奭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太公望</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">畢公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">榮公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太顛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閎夭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">散宜生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南宫适</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">文母</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4670" id="4680">〔六〕</a>五内：五臟，指内心。　群有：猶衆生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4671" id="4681">〔七〕</a>惟日不足：祇覺時日不夠。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓中</span>：「我聞吉人爲善，惟日不足。凶人爲不善，亦惟日不足。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4672" id="4682">〔八〕</a>聵：聾。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一二上：「聵，聾也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4673" id="4683">〔九〕</a>王癸：兩字底本漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作一字闕文。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4674" id="4684">〔一○〕</a>王辛：兩字底本亦漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作闕文。</span> </p><p> <span>惟生之有涯，體非金石，樂未備志，哀以繼之，<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>稱身爲大患<a class="zhuhao" href="#4698" id="4685">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>歎交臂若失<a class="zhuhao" href="#4699" id="4686">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">浮生流速，何足貴也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教何讎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4700" id="4687">〔三〕</a>？誠心務損，不爲福始而處禍先，真所謂能惡不能善之失也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4701" id="4688">〔四〕</a>。若彼果有，雖欲自絶，何傷於日月乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4702" id="4689">〔五〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若彼教門所説，因果實本有，汝縱毁之，亦何能傷其道？<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：「人雖欲自絶，何傷於日月乎？」</span> <span>若彼果無，慕立虚善，足以遠害。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若佛教所説因果之事本無，虚求善譽，亦足遠害也。</span> <span>夫虚去殺猶愈屠釣，虚輟財猶愈竊盜，虚潔己猶愈濁濫<a class="zhuhao" href="#4703" id="4690">〔六〕</a>。帷箔不脩<a class="zhuhao" href="#4704" id="4691">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂不治閨門。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輟】知劣切，輟己施人也。【帷箔】上圍也，以自障圍也；下音亳，簾。<span class="shuming">家語</span>云：帷幕不脩。</span> <span>況孰知其必不虚哉？而<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教竊<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00777','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P777</span></i>財貨財也，食肉貨肉也，害人貨腰領也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貨，賣，交易也。今切<a class="zhuhao" href="#4705" id="4692">〔八〕</a>他財，當亦還財。今食其肉，當亦被他食。今害人之腰領，當却遭害，是交易之道也。領，項也。</span> <span>苟使不貨，善則實矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">誠能不盜不殺等，稱自爲善，其事實也。</span> <span>其言既實，其人豈虚乎？<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span><span class="zhuanming">思大</span>，能遠視多生<a class="zhuhao" href="#4706" id="4693">〔九〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆得先觀。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【佛圖澄】神力有餘。【衡岳】定力有餘。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">支林</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4707" id="4694">〔一○〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，能博識强學；<span class="zhuanming">劉遺民</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>，弓旌不顧<a class="zhuhao" href="#4708" id="4695">〔一一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>之高士，辭榮者也。古招士以弓旌也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【支林】談論著述餘也。【道安】垂軌博謝有餘也。【劉遺民】棄官依僧，栖心浄土。【劉虬】拂衣不仕，專精佛理。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>，繿縷畢歲<a class="zhuhao" href="#4709" id="4696">〔一二〕</a>。豈佛法無其實，而能使彼建志不拔耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#4710" id="4697">〔一三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆賢明之士，情豈謬哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【繿縷】上音藍，下力主切，或作檻樓，貧衣醜弊也。【拔】蒲八切，傾也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4685" id="4698">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「寵辱若驚，貴大患若身。……何謂貴大患若身？吾所以有大患者，爲吾有身。及吾無身，吾有何患？故貴以身爲天下，若可寄天下。愛以身爲天下，若可託天下。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4686" id="4699">〔二〕</a>按：出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">田子方</span>。「<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>有「吾終身與汝交一臂而失之，可不哀與」之歎。<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注云：「夫變化不可執而留也，故雖執臂相守，而不能令停，若哀死者，則此亦可哀也。今人未嘗以此爲哀，奚獨哀死耶！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4687" id="4700">〔三〕</a>讎：應對。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「讎，猶應也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4688" id="4701">〔四〕</a>底本「而<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教何讎」至「之失也」重出，後又有雙行小注「浮生流速，何足貴也」，今並删。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4689" id="4702">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子張</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">叔孫武叔</span>毁<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『無以爲也！<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>不可毁也。他人之賢者，丘陵也，猶可<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00778','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P778</span></i>逾也；<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>，日月也，無得而逾焉。人雖欲自絶，其何傷於日月乎？多見其不知量也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4690" id="4703">〔六〕</a>濁濫：混亂惡濁。<span class="zhuanming">寒山</span>詩<span class="shuming">吁嗟濁濫處</span>（一一八）：「吁嗟濁濫處，羅刹共賢人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4691" id="4704">〔七〕</a>帷箔不脩：謂男女不分，内外雜遝。指家庭生活淫亂。帷箔：帳幔和簾子，用來分隔内外。脩：整飭。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4692" id="4705">〔八〕</a>切：當爲「竊」字之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4693" id="4706">〔九〕</a>多生：佛教以衆生造善惡之業，受輪迴之苦，生死相續，謂之「多生」。<span class="shuming">南嶽總勝集</span>卷上：「<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>高僧<span class="zhuanming">思大和尚</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">惠思</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武津</span><span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>子。生而龍章相好，肉髻生頂，穎脱衆相，自得不言之理。假修浄梵而證圓覺，嘗謂衆曰：『<span class="zhuanming">衡山</span>之陽吾往矣。』因自<span class="zhuanming">大蘇山</span>來。<span class="zhuanming">梁元</span>祚短，南土紛紜。數載之間，至山周覽已遍。後復至<span class="zhuanming">梧桐坡</span>，上有石岡若臺，謂其徒曰：『吾昔於此修習，今三生矣。』約地深淺，皆獲骨焉，至今有石爲識。曰：『吾寄此當十年。』因建<span class="zhuanming">般若臺</span>居之，闕水，師振錫投崖，泉爲湧。其徒益廣，復不能給，感二虎穴石飛流，厥運若神。因一日謂門人曰：『十年之期到矣，以法付，吾逝焉。』<span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">建泰</span>九年六月二十二日儼神而盡。弟子<span class="zhuanming">靈辨</span>扣心感絶，師忽謂曰：『何必是乎，爲追我也。』再爲説法，言訖復滅，春秋六十四。始<span class="zhuanming">光泰</span>元年丙戌，至是丙申殁，果十年矣。後至<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>再化爲僧，名<span class="zhuanming">圓澤</span>，與僧姓<span class="zhuanming">李源</span>同行於<span class="zhuanming">荆峽</span><span class="zhuanming">南浦</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">源</span>曰：『我就<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>婦家投胎爲兒，煩󲳴我後事，約十三年，再會<span class="zhuanming">杭州</span><span class="zhuanming">天竺寺</span>外。』果入寂。事畢<span class="zhuanming">源</span>回。後赴所約，自<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>至<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">葛遊川</span>畔有牧童，扣牛角而歌曰：『三生石上舊精魂，賞月吟風不足論。慚愧情人遠相訪，此身雖異性常存。』呼問<span class="zhuanming">澤公</span>健否？答曰：『<span class="zhuanming">李公</span>真信士。然俗緣未盡，更宜修進，乃復相見。』又歌曰：『身前身後事忙忙，欲語因緣恐斷<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00779','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P779</span></i>腸。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">越</span>山川尋已遍，卻回煙棹上<span class="zhuanming">瞿塘</span>。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4694" id="4707">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">支林</span>：<span class="zhuanming">支道林</span>（三一四—三六六年），又名<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>。俗姓<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">開封市</span>東南）人。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4695" id="4708">〔一一〕</a>弓旌：弓和旌。古代徵聘之禮，用弓招士，用旌招大夫（亦有他説）。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">萬章下</span>謂招虞人「以皮冠，庶人以旃，士以旂，大夫以旌」。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公二十年</span>：「昔我先君之田也，旃以招大夫，弓以招士，皮冠以招虞人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4696" id="4709">〔一二〕</a>繿縷：衣服破爛。繿，同「襤」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4697" id="4710">〔一三〕</a>建志不拔：出<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「善建者不拔，善抱者不脱，子孫以祭祀不輟。」建，樹立，確立；不拔：不可拔除，不可動摇。建志不拔，謂樹立不拔之志也。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">武德</span>初，大臣不圖，邇臣希旨，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>以<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>出<span class="zhuanming">李</span>姓，以<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>爲祖，遂譖之令澄汰也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不圖】無謀也。【邇臣】近小之臣。</span> <span>以帝系發自<span class="zhuanming">玄元</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4726" id="4711">〔一〕</a>，文明廣大，與天下咸一，將害我教。蜂蠆且毒，貝錦有章<a class="zhuhao" href="#4727" id="4712">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貝錦，文飾之詞也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【系】胡計切，緒也。【玄元】<span class="zhuanming">老君</span>號<span class="zhuanming">玄元聖祖</span>。【蜂蠆】上螫蜂，飛虫也；下丑介切，<span class="shuming">搜神記</span>云：蜂蠆垂芒也。【貝錦】文錦也。見<span class="shuming">詩</span>。</span> <span>惟帝時聰明，終罔攸蔽。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罔，無也。攸，所也。蔽，暗也。<span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>等雖扇惑聖聰，帝無所暗蔽也。</span> <span>彼媢嫉不克彦聖之夫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">媢，貪也。嫉，蠹也。克，勝也。彦聖，<span class="zhuanming">法淋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道宣</span>等。彼<span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>情雖貪蠹，終不能勝彼者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【媢嫉】上莫到切，妬也；下音疾，<span class="shuming">楚辭</span>云：害賢曰嫉，害色曰妬。【彦聖】美士爲彦。【道宣等】彼<span class="zhuanming">明概</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法常</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00780','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P780</span></i>等。【彼傅弈】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本上是被字，悮。</span> <span>庸僨其德，無所膚浸<a class="zhuhao" href="#4728" id="4713">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僨，僵也。用殕其兇德，使浸潤之譖，膚受之愬，不能行焉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僨】音糞，僵仆也。如牛雖瘠，猶僨豕上，取喻可知。【殕】步北﹑方九二切，斃也。【譖】莊蔭切，讒也，毁也。【愬】音素，譖也。</span> <span>杲杲愛日<a class="zhuhao" href="#4729" id="4714">〔四〕</a>，將墜復舉。靄靄油雲<a class="zhuhao" href="#4730" id="4715">〔五〕</a>，既散又族，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛日沉而又明，慧雲散而復聚。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【杲】古老切，日出明白也。【靄】於蓋切﹑於葛切，雲之狀皃也。</span> <span>實<span class="zhuanming">有唐</span>宗廟社禝之靈也，克保于子孫黎民之福也。夫天地邦域，以元牧司之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天生蒸民，樹之司牧<a class="zhuhao" href="#4731" id="4716">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>以鬼神綏之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">綏，安也。神者，聰明正直，福善禍淫者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綏】音雖，止也，安也。</span> <span>苟人君失理，則靈神是捨，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">神尼傳</span><span class="zhuanming">宇文氏</span>毁滅佛法，神尼見善神皆西去，後果國滅也。近<span class="zhuanming">柴氏</span>毁<span class="zhuanming">鎮州</span>銅<span class="zhuanming">大悲</span>，致惡疾而終也。</span> <span>不保于山川。山川匪寧，則災禍作矣。故天反其常，地載其妖，人懷其亂，稼穡病矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">山崩川竭，星辰失度，地動山鳴，賊盜競起，妖怪作興，水旱爲沴也。</span> <span>粢盛何有焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4732" id="4717">〔七〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【粢】音資，祭飯也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">桀</span><span class="zhuanming">紂</span><span class="zhuanming">周幽</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桀</span>，<span class="zhuanming">夏癸</span>也，寵<span class="zhuanming">末嬉</span>。<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">殷辛</span>也，寵<span class="zhuanming">妲己</span>。<span class="zhuanming">周幽</span>寵<span class="zhuanming">褒姒</span>。皆以美色昏亂朝政，而失天下也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嬉】音熙，美也。</span> <span>酒池肉林。作奇技淫巧，以悦婦人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">紂</span>有酒池肉林，醩山脯丘，有炮烙之刑，斮朝涉之脛，剖賢人之心，刳剔孕婦等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醩】作刀切，粕也。</span> <span>爲虐不及於神祇，尚山崩川震，星流鬼哭<a class="zhuhao" href="#4733" id="4718">〔八〕</a>，況翦除善道，萬靈無依，詎得鳴鳳造于郊，玉燭爲之調，太階如砥乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4734" id="4719">〔九〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>時鳳巢阿閣。四時和謂之玉燭。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【太階】星名也。</span> <span>于時高業沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧浄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span>洎宿儒望彦，瑶華疊綷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">綷，五色之文也，子對反。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00781','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P781</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綷】子對切，會五絲繒也。</span> <span>金奏諧響，懷之以德，强之以義。淬礪矛斧，傾塞巢穴。有門下典儀<span class="zhuanming">李師政</span>，撰<span class="shuming">内德</span>﹑<span class="shuming">通命</span>﹑<span class="shuming">正邪論</span>三篇，舉其所惑，詳校黜剥<a class="zhuhao" href="#4735" id="4720">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">文在古<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>第十四卷也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淬】七内切，深也。【黜剥】下落也，削也，傷言也。【門下典儀】正九品，掌贊唱殿中板位事。【李師政】<span class="zhuanming">上黨</span>人也。【古弘明集】上應云廣字。</span> <span>文而有據，最備斯作，足以毗贊真門，闡楊玄極<a class="zhuhao" href="#4736" id="4721">〔一一〕</a>。後世觀者，宜杜口塞淵<a class="zhuhao" href="#4737" id="4722">〔一二〕</a>，不復疑謗，但文沉隱，不爲凡淺之所知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">近代有<span class="shuming">歸正論</span>，及<span class="shuming">釋教廢興記</span>等，亦其事也。</span> <span>且忠臣孝子，宜徼福防害，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">徼，求也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徼】古么切，要也，求也。</span> <span>以保君親。敬恭禱祀，精謹藥石。何必知其無益而故務也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">只如<span class="zhuanming">秦皇</span>好道，<span class="zhuanming">漢帝</span>求仙，或變金銀，抂燒鈆汞<a class="zhuhao" href="#4738" id="4723">〔一三〕</a>，竟有何成者也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鈆汞】上音沿，青金也；下户孔切，水銀滓。「录」字悮。</span> <span>揆其無傷而故犯也？<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「疑事無質。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4739" id="4724">〔一四〕</a>如<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>率己專斷，以貽君親之戚，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>以惡疾而終，<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>戮尸者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【質】成也，主也，信也。【專斷】專，獨也；斷，果决也。【貽】遣也。【慼】音戚，憂也，懼也。</span> <span>安得<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>也謂之忠孝乎？今有蓬心之士<a class="zhuhao" href="#4740" id="4725">〔一五〕</a>，尚欲與<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>，何其昏也！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">與者，許也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【與】黨也，善也。</span> <span>覆軌之跡，孰得貳焉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4711" id="4726">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄元</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>初追號<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>爲「<span class="zhuanming">太上玄元皇帝</span>」，簡稱「<span class="zhuanming">玄元</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4712" id="4727">〔二〕</a>蜂蠆且毒：比喻有些人物地位雖低，但能害人，不可輕視。蠆：蠍子一類的毒蟲。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公二十二年</span>：「君其無謂<span class="zhuanming">邾</span>小，蜂蠆有毒，而況國乎？」　貝錦：喻誣陷他人﹑羅織成罪的讒言。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00782','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P782</span></i><span class="shuming">巷伯</span>：「萋兮斐兮，成是貝錦。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「言因萋斐之形，而文致之以成貝錦，以比讒人者，因人之小過而飾成大罪也。」　有章：有文采。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">都人士</span>：「彼都人士，狐裘黄黄。其容不改，出言有章。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「吐口言語，又有法度文章。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4713" id="4728">〔三〕</a>庸：用。　僨：敗壞，破壞。　膚浸：膚受。猶言讒言中傷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4714" id="4729">〔四〕</a>杲杲：明亮貌。　愛日：冬日。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公七年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">趙衰</span>，冬日之日也；<span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>，夏日之日也。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「冬日可愛，夏日可畏。」後因稱冬日爲愛日。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4715" id="4730">〔五〕</a>靄靄：雲煙密集貌。<span class="zhuanming">陶潛</span><span class="shuming">停雲</span>詩：「靄靄停雲，濛濛時雨。」　油雲：指濃雲。語出<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">梁惠王上</span>：「天油然作雲，沛然下雨。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4716" id="4731">〔六〕</a>出<span class="zhuanming">王禹偁</span><span class="shuming">端拱箴</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4717" id="4732">〔七〕</a>粢盛：盛在祭器内供祭祀的穀物。<span class="shuming">公羊傳</span><span class="shuming">桓公十四年</span>：「御廪者何？粢盛委之所藏也。」<span class="zhuanming">何休</span>注：「黍稷曰粢，在器曰盛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4718" id="4733">〔八〕</a>酒池肉林：<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">殷本紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>）大冣樂戲於<span class="zhuanming">沙丘</span>，以酒爲池，縣肉爲林。使男女倮，相逐其閒，爲長夜之飲。」　奇，奇異。淫，過分，極端。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">商王</span>）作奇技淫巧以悦婦人。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「奇技謂奇異技能，淫巧謂過度工巧。二者大同，但技據人身，巧指器物，爲異耳。」　<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">周本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>二年，<span class="zhuanming">西周</span>三川皆震。」「是歲也，三川竭，<span class="zhuanming">岐山</span>崩。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4719" id="4734">〔九〕</a>玉燭：謂四時之氣和暢。<span class="shuming">尸子</span>卷上：「四氣和，正光照，此之謂玉燭。」<span class="shuming">爾雅</span><span class="shuming">釋天</span>：「四氣和謂之玉燭。」　太階：即三台，星名。上台﹑中台﹑下台各二星，相比而斜上，如階級然，故名。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷九<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00783','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P783</span></i><span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">長楊賦</span>：「是以玉衡正而太階平也。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="shuming">元命苞</span>曰：「常一不易，玉衡正，太階平。」　砥：磨刀石。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4720" id="4735">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">李師政</span>：<span class="zhuanming">山西</span><span class="zhuanming">上黨</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">唐高祖</span><span class="zhuanming">武德</span>年間，太史令<span class="zhuanming">傅奕</span>上書請求滅佛，僧人<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span>維護佛教，<span class="zhuanming">李師政</span>站在<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span>一邊，撰寫<span class="shuming">内德論</span>（載<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷一四），對<span class="zhuanming">傅奕</span>觀點進行逐一批駁，並闡述和發揮了佛教教義。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4721" id="4736">〔一一〕</a>毗贊：輔佐；襄助。　真門：本謂<span class="zhuanming">阿彌陀佛</span>第二十願所成就的法門，泛指通過修習佛法獲得佛果的法門。　玄極：極其玄妙深微的道理。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4722" id="4737">〔一二〕</a>杜口：閉嘴，謂不言，没有異議。　塞淵：誠實篤厚，見識深遠。塞，誠實；淵，深遠。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">燕燕</span>：「仲氏任只，其心塞淵。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「言仲氏有大德行也，其心誠實而深遠也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4723" id="4738">〔一三〕</a>抂：同「枉」。　汞：原誤作「录」字。參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4724" id="4739">〔一四〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「疑事毋質，直而勿有。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4725" id="4740">〔一五〕</a>蓬心：比喻知識淺薄，不能通達事理。典出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「今子有五石之瓠，何不慮以爲大樽而浮乎江湖，而憂其瓠落無所容？則夫子猶有蓬之心也夫！」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「蓬，草名。拳曲不直也。……而<span class="zhuanming">惠生</span>既有蓬心，未能直達玄理。」</span> </p><p> <span>若以<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>已前，世未有佛，家國自寧，今宜復其昔者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此牒外人難也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覆軌】上芳福切，敗也，倒也；下音鬼，車迹也。</span> <span>則<span class="zhuanming">羲</span><span class="zhuanming">軒</span>已前未有文字，天下遂性，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">羲</span><span class="zhuanming">軒</span>前未有文字，帝道無<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00784','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P784</span></i>爲自理也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">姬</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>漸滋，人用梏械，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所以拘手足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【梏】在手曰梏。</span> <span>殆于瘥札，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">瘥，小死也。札，大死也。則今疫癘之疾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殆】危也，近也。【瘥】才何﹑是懈切，病瘥也。【札】側八切，宜𣧐﹑死字，癘疾。【疫癘】上氣也，下鬼也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦正</span>坑之，亦何罪也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦正</span>，<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>也。三十四年，博士<span class="zhuanming">淳于越</span>奏令封子弟爲諸侯，<span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>云：「諸生不師古而學古，非兩世，諸非<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>記皆燒之，諸有藏<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">書</span>及百家語，悉燒，偶語<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">書</span>者死。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【李斯云】注不明，請依<span class="shuming">國語</span>讀之。</span> <span>若以四夷之人罼弋鮮食，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罼，免網也。弋，以生絲線繫箭而射鳥。夫子弋不射宿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【罼】音必。<span class="shuming">管子</span>云：獠獵罼弋。【鮮食】上少也，謂四夷少有粒食者也。</span> <span>孰爲施戒？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四夷之人，以殺戮爲耕作，何有施戒事也？</span> <span>而世襲穹廬者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">穹廬，蕃帳。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【襲】因也，及也，相承也。【穹廬】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">疰<a class="zhuhao" href="#4743" id="4741">〔一〕</a>徽</span>年<span class="zhuanming">吐蕃</span>獻大穹廬，可高五丈。</span> <span>則四夷之民，何嘗有<span class="zhuanming">姬</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>之教，行於禮義，而君臣父子繼焉？是則<span class="zhuanming">姬</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>亦可廢也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>已前無佛法，<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>已前國自理。四夷之國無儒教，四夷之國亦自理。佛教如可廢，則儒教亦可廢也。</span> <span>若以平施俾家給人足<a class="zhuhao" href="#4744" id="4742">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂普施賙急也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【周】君子周急不繼富。</span> <span>不必在乎齊戒者，誠亦驅其人於塗炭矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若不持齊戒而施，則以殺盜淫等惠人是也。</span> <span>夫慈心惠下，宗廟不脩，不得謂之孝也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慈雖及下，敬不及祖，豈曰孝乎？</span> <span>豐物恣惡，香火不脩，不得謂之福也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如殺馬祭天等。</span> <span>其無孝無福而望人安固，如憑攸枿而待蔭者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">枿，斷樹之餘也。殺命求福，如依無葉之樹，豈有蔭也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【枿】魚割切，伐之餘也。</span> <span>若以佛無形響，復不可奉者，則郊祀先王先公，孰有見聞而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00785','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P785</span></i>敦其禮乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">考祖亦無見聞，何故祀之？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【考祖】考，成也。父有成人之德曰考。<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本孝字，悮。</span> <span>若以鬼神不實，先儒但導人爲敬者，則何患佛教不實而使人爲善耶？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4741" id="4743">〔一〕</a>疰：疑爲「永」字之誤。<span class="zhuanming">永徽</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">唐高宗</span>年號。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4742" id="4744">〔二〕</a>平施：均平地施與。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">謙</span>：「地中有山，謙。君子以裒多益寡，稱物平施。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「稱物平施者，稱此物之多少，均平而施。」</span> </p><p> <span>但謗者構惡不盈耳，不足以駭聽；聽者聞惡不暢心，不足以承謗。故聽與謗，其過均矣。而氛囂之世，愛則廣其美，惡則厚其過<a class="zhuhao" href="#4752" id="4745">〔一〕</a>。夫<span class="zhuanming">有虞氏</span>仁孝之宗也，<span class="shuming">汲冢</span>以<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>之變，非揖讓而取也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4753" id="4746">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">汲冢書</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>囚<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>，以奪其位，非受禪也。今見有<span class="zhuanming">囚堯城</span>也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【汲冢】<span class="zhuanming">汲郡</span>有<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">安釐王</span>冢，故曰<span class="zhuanming">汲冢</span>。<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>云汲家者，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>人臣之表也，<span class="shuming">汲冢</span>以<span class="zhuanming">桐宫</span>反刺，乃復<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>政也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>相<span class="zhuanming">太甲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太甲</span>不用<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>之訓，<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>放之<span class="zhuanming">桐宫</span>三年。俟其改過，乃歸復其位，以盡仁臣之道。今<span class="shuming">汲冢書</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>放<span class="zhuanming">太甲</span>于<span class="zhuanming">桐宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太甲</span>自竇中潛出，殺<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>而自立。」與<span class="shuming">尚書</span>之文全别<a class="zhuhao" href="#4754" id="4747">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【竇】水竇也。</span> <span>凡是非徑侹之論，何有窮乎？故當承<span class="shuming">堯典</span>﹑<span class="shuming">殷書</span>，乃可經矣。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「攻乎異端，斯害也矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4755" id="4748">〔四〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">穿鑿之家，害于正義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徑侹】上音徑，下音挺，直過不委曲也。</span> <span>夫何不然哉？觀乎古今撰製，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">内教文章。</span> <span>多先貶<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>而降<span class="zhuanming">老</span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>，以爲能文者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">因明疏序</span>等。</span> <span>此啓户納盜，怒敵惎黨之由也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">惎，教也。比者怒道，兼非儒教，則是教其道﹑儒結<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00786','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P786</span></i>黨爲授<a class="zhuhao" href="#4756" id="4749">〔五〕</a>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惎】渠記切，教也，毒也。【比者】上宜此者。【援也】諸本授字，悮。</span> <span>夫一寇尚不可翫，況結二寇之衝乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翫】或玩字，弄也。</span> <span>使敵果至矣，桓桓赳赳，以頑勁爲干櫓，以訾讟爲矛槊<a class="zhuhao" href="#4757" id="4750">〔六〕</a>，憤憤悱悱<a class="zhuhao" href="#4758" id="4751">〔七〕</a>，鬱于眦睚，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">眦睚，怒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衝】突也，當也。【桓】武也。【赳】居黝切，武皃。【干櫓】下音魯，大戟也。【訾讟】上音子，毁也；下音獨，謗也。【憤】房粉切，懣也。<span class="shuming">語</span>注云：心憤憤。【悱】孚匪切。【鬱】長也，盛也，滯也，結也。【眦睚】上五懈切，下士懈切，下音厓。</span> <span>致使愚則囅而抃，仁則懣而疾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">囅，笑也。抃，舞也。下愚聞而笑之。懣，愁恨也。仁者見而惡之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【囅】丑忍切，大笑也。【抃】音卞，擊手也。【懣】模本切，愁悶也。</span> <span>將欲鼓而壓之，秉羽而來之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">比欲鼓勢以壓之，舉羽以招之，皆不可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【壓】音押，鎮也，降也。</span> <span>實難能也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4745" id="4752">〔一〕</a>氛囂：氛濁喧囂。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4746" id="4753">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">汲冢</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>時在<span class="zhuanming">汲郡</span>（今屬<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>）<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>古墓中發現的一批竹簡古書，皆用<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>古文字寫成，稱爲<span class="shuming">汲冢書</span>，或名<span class="shuming">竹書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">汲冢古文</span>等，原簡早已不傳。<span class="shuming">汲冢竹書</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>囚<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>，取之帝位。」（<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷一一<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span><span class="shuming">對傅奕廢佛僧事</span>引）「昔<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>德衰，爲<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>所囚也。」（<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">五帝本紀正義</span>引）「<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>放<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>於<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>。」（<span class="shuming">史通疑古</span>引）　<span class="zhuanming">有虞氏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>。<span class="zhuanming">姚</span>姓，名<span class="zhuanming">重華</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">有虞氏</span>。　揖讓：禪讓。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4747" id="4754">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">萬章上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>相<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>以王於天下，<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">大丁</span>未立，<span class="zhuanming">外丙</span>二年，<span class="zhuanming">仲壬</span>四年。<span class="zhuanming">太甲</span>顛覆<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>之典刑，<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>放之於<span class="zhuanming">桐</span>。三年，<span class="zhuanming">太甲</span>悔過，自怨自艾，於<span class="zhuanming">桐</span>處仁遷義，三年，以聽<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>之訓己也，復歸于<span class="zhuanming">亳</span>。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">殷本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">帝中壬</span>即位四年，崩，<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>迺立<span class="zhuanming">太丁</span>之子<span class="zhuanming">太甲</span>。……<span class="zhuanming">帝太甲</span>既立三年，不明，暴虐，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00787','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P787</span></i>不遵<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>法，亂德，於是<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>放之於<span class="zhuanming">桐宫</span>。三年，<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>攝行政當國，以朝諸侯。<span class="zhuanming">帝太甲</span>居<span class="zhuanming">桐宫</span>三年，悔過自責，反善，於是<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>迺迎<span class="zhuanming">帝太甲</span>而授之政。」<span class="shuming">竹書紀年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">仲壬</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>放<span class="zhuanming">大甲</span>於<span class="zhuanming">桐</span>，乃自立也。<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>即位，放<span class="zhuanming">大甲</span>七年，<span class="zhuanming">大甲</span>潛出自<span class="zhuanming">桐</span>，殺<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>，乃立其子<span class="zhuanming">伊陟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伊奮</span>，命復其父之田宅而中分之。」（<span class="shuming">春秋經傳集解後序</span>引。按：<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷八三<span class="shuming">皇王部</span>引<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span><span class="shuming">春秋後序</span>略同。）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4748" id="4755">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>。「矣」，應從通行本作「已」，即停止﹑消滅之意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4749" id="4756">〔五〕</a>授：當爲「援」字之誤。參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4750" id="4757">〔六〕</a>桓桓：勇武﹑威武貌。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">牧誓</span>：「勗哉夫子！尚桓桓。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「桓桓，武貌。」　赳赳：威武雄健貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周南</span><span class="shuming">兔罝</span>：「赳赳武夫，公侯干城。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「赳赳，武貌。」　訾：譭謗，非議。　讟：誹謗。　槊：長矛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4751" id="4758">〔七〕</a>愤憤悱悱：即憤悱，謂積思求解。語本<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「不憤不啓，不悱不發。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span>集解：「憤者心求通而未得之意，悱者口欲言而未能之貌。」引申爲怨恨﹑憤慨之意。<span class="shuming">太平廣記</span>卷二四四「皇甫湜」條引<span class="shuming">阙史</span>：「小校既恐且怒，歸具告之，僚屬列校，咸振腕憤悱，思臠其肉。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫泄突之一熛，始蔓草而烻於宫室<a class="zhuhao" href="#4767" id="4759">〔一〕</a>；邪夫之一勃，始凡庸而上訕賢聖。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">竈突之火，能爇宫闈。邪夫之謗，安懼聖賢哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泄突】上漏也；下陁骨切，出也，竈突也。或此𥥛字。【熛】必堯切，飛火也。【烻】未詳，或延字，遠進也。宜煽，音羶，火盛也。【爇】如劣切，燒也。</span> <span>何無善慎歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無，不也。何不慎言也。</span> <span>古語云：「行無禮必自及。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4768" id="4760">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">敬人者人必敬己，陵人者人亦讎已。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00788','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P788</span></i> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">吕布</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>下將。</span> <span>强<span class="zhuanming">袁涣</span>，令作書駡<span class="zhuanming">劉備</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>曰：「唯德可以辱人，不聞以駡。彼固君子耶，且不恥將軍之言；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子之道，犯而不校。</span> <span>彼誠小人耶，復將軍之意，則辱在此不在彼矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4769" id="4761">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【犯而不校】君子之人，縱有觸犯，終不考校是非也。有云紀而不交者，悮也。</span> <span>故鳥窮則啄，獸窮則攫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居縛反。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：「争持物也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【啄】音桌，烏觜傷物也。【攫】居縛切，搏也。</span> <span>人窮則詐，馬窮則佚<a class="zhuhao" href="#4770" id="4762">〔四〕</a>。夫能使啄佚之不至者，其唯上智哉？是以當吾教昭夷之際<a class="zhuhao" href="#4771" id="4763">〔五〕</a>，孰不黨行余侮？雖色怡於外，而實腸結於内。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夷，傷也。侮，慢也。像教既屬陵夷，誰不朋扇侮慢者也？儒道之士，外雖恭順，内結蛆嫉也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【佚】奔也。已上四事出<span class="shuming">家語</span>。失能使，上是「夫」字也。【昭夷】昭，明也；夷，滅也。<span class="shuming">易</span>有地大明夷也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4772" id="4764">〔六〕</a>。【怡】與之切，和也，悦也。【蛆】七餘切，虫在肉内也。</span> <span>但果行育德<a class="zhuhao" href="#4773" id="4765">〔七〕</a>，陰搆默化，漏彼所短，悦彼所長，百或其一，味我道腴，自然迴席<a class="zhuhao" href="#4774" id="4766">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">對彼二教，但行恩德。舉彼教之所長，闕彼教之不足。百人之内，或偶一人，味道餐風，自然皈心者也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4759" id="4767">〔一〕</a>突：竈突，即煙囱。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷二五<span class="shuming">似順論</span><span class="shuming">慎小</span>：「突洩一熛而焚宫燒積。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「竈突煙洩出，則火濫炎上，燒人之宫室積委也。」<span class="shuming">劉子</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慎隟</span>：「尺蚓穿堤，能漂一邑。寸煙泄突，致灰千室。」　熛：迸濺出的火焰。　烻：光熾盛貌。疑當爲「烶」之誤。烶：<span class="shuming">重修玉篇</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">火部</span>：「烶，徒頂切。」<span class="shuming">集韻</span>卷六：「烶，火皃。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4760" id="4768">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公四年</span>：「君子曰：志所謂『多行無禮必自及』也，其是之謂乎？」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00789','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P789</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4761" id="4769">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷六二<span class="shuming">孝獻皇帝丁建安元年</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">備</span>在<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>，舉<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">袁涣</span>爲茂才。<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">吕布</span>所留，<span class="zhuanming">布</span>欲使<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>作書駡辱<span class="zhuanming">備</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>不可，再三强之，不許。<span class="zhuanming">布</span>大怒，以兵脅<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>曰：『爲之則生，不爲則死！』<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>顔色不變，笑而應之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>聞唯德可以辱人，不聞以駡！使彼固君子邪，且不恥將軍之言；彼誠小人邪，將復將軍之意，則辱在此不在於彼。且<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>他日之事<span class="zhuanming">劉將軍</span>，猶今日之事將軍也，如一旦去此，復駡將軍，可乎？』<span class="zhuanming">布</span>慚而止。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4762" id="4770">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">哀公</span>：「鳥窮則啄，獸窮則攫，人窮則詐。」又<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">顔回</span>：「鳥窮則啄，獸窮則攫，人窮則詐，馬窮則佚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4763" id="4771">〔五〕</a>昭夷：即明夷。比喻遭受艱難﹑挫折。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4764" id="4772">〔六〕</a>大：當爲「火」之形誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4765" id="4773">〔七〕</a>果行育德：用果斷的行動培養高尚的品德。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">蒙</span>：「君子以果行育德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4766" id="4774">〔八〕</a>腴：美好。　迴席：猶迴心。</span> </p><p> <span>夫適裸國者，解裳乃合<a class="zhuhao" href="#4796" id="4775">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">禹</span>至裸國，忻然解衣，蓋順其俗也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【裸】力果切，袒也。又胡瓦切，露形也。</span> <span>且今人是此方之人，儒道是此國之教，其俗縱知不加於我，亦姑各阿比其門。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">阿比，朋黨也。姑，且也。</span> <span>鱗張角捍，安得不美而從之，婉而優之，綏而遷之？使悦而後服，豈在庸言酬酢耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#4797" id="4776">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂「善戰不陣，善閉無關」者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【婉】于阮切，順也，美也。【酬酢】上市周切，勸也，報也；下音昨。主答客曰酬，客報主曰酢也。</span> <span>若以彼説不至極慮，人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00790','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P790</span></i>不驟徙節於吾道者，然聖人亦各當機御物，如佛與<span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>説人天福<a class="zhuhao" href="#4798" id="4777">〔三〕</a>，而<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>豈不欲令人盡至寂滅歟？但居其辰，不爲利矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">縱説至教，不契其根，不利於他也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徙】移也。</span> <span>其<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>豈不欲令盡至沖漠歟？所著二篇之經，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">道</span>﹑<span class="shuming">德</span>二篇。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沖】音虫，深也，和也。</span> <span>兼辯治於家國，俾濟世者不相抑廢。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖序道德，不廢治國之法。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>豈不欲使人盡至皇道歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#4799" id="4778">〔四〕</a>？所修六典，兼存霸王，將苞舉而無遺也。故覆燾莫大於天地<a class="zhuhao" href="#4800" id="4779">〔五〕</a>，變化莫大於聖人。而實二教之於我，贊而不害也。吾之於二教，統而有歸也。何謂飲醇酎者不競，咀糟粕者競焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至人君子，殊途同歸。澆薄小人，是非阿黨。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醇酎】上音淳，厚也，不澆酒也；下除又切，醇釀也。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>時醇金。</span> <span>但人多不自信己愚，而於可誷則欣欣然。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不知已愚，而誷<a class="zhuhao" href="#4801" id="4780">〔六〕</a>所不及者。</span> <span>未知丹碧，好抑揚藻繪<a class="zhuhao" href="#4802" id="4781">〔七〕</a>；未知鉛墨，好毁稱篆隸<a class="zhuhao" href="#4803" id="4782">〔八〕</a>；未知禮樂，好昇降法度<a class="zhuhao" href="#4804" id="4783">〔九〕</a>；未知宫羽，好賞罰音律<a class="zhuhao" href="#4805" id="4784">〔一○〕</a>。其有矚余此詞能無訧兮<a class="zhuhao" href="#4806" id="4785">〔一一〕</a>，余之<span class="shuming">參玄</span>，私爲適己也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">訧，責也。矚，見也。恐後人見<span class="shuming">參玄語録</span>而責於己，今我蓋自取適性情而著述之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【繪】音會，五彩備也。【矚】音燭，視也。【訧】過也，音尤，惡也。【適】樂也，悟也，善也。</span> <span>不敢謂於君子也。<span class="zhuanming">昭文</span>之琴，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文如海</span>云：「古之善琴者也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文如海】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時道士，與<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>同輩。</span> <span>是非兩至，寧不鼓乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4807" id="4786">〔一二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不以人是非而不鼓之。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">蘧大夫</span>五十，知四十九年非。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">蘧瑗</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">伯玉</span>，見耕者問：「黧牛赤牛，何者力大？」耕夫不答，直驅牛遠方。答云：「二牛俱得力。答不平，恐<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00791','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P791</span></i>有怨也。」<span class="zhuanming">蘧瑗</span>云：「一農夫猶懼二牛之怨，我今五十，知四十九年之非也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4808" id="4787">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑗】音院，<span class="zhuanming">伯玉</span>名也。【黧牛】黑而黄也。【一農夫】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云二農夫者，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">孔宣父</span>六十，知五十九年非<a class="zhuhao" href="#4809" id="4788">〔一四〕</a>。如余瑣焉，耄與闔柩而已<a class="zhuhao" href="#4810" id="4789">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">闔，棺蓋也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【闔】胡獵切，閉也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>君懸賞以待諫，慮失於治也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊威王</span>懸賞曰：「有面諫寡人者受上賞，書諫者受中賞，謗議於市朝者受下賞也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4811" id="4790">〔一六〕</a></span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>相貶爵以杜諫<a class="zhuhao" href="#4812" id="4791">〔一七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蕭何</span>以苑中之地貸法賈人，<span class="zhuanming">高皇</span>大怒，<span class="zhuanming">何</span>遂免冠徒跣以請罪，帝乃釋之。</span> <span>審其能守也。雖取捨不同，而各有宜也。其有沮余參儒道者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">沮，壞也。</span> <span>余顧彼誰或焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#4813" id="4792">〔一八〕</a>？夫<span class="zhuanming">越</span>俗輕冠<a class="zhuhao" href="#4814" id="4793">〔一九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以彼多水，其俗翦髮文身也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>市賤屨<a class="zhuhao" href="#4815" id="4794">〔二○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">屨，履屬。<span class="zhuanming">齊景公</span>好刖人足，<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>宅近市，公更之不肯。公云：「近市，識貴賤否？」<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>曰：「踴貴而屨賤。」<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>於是省刑。</span> <span>豈靡己之利而捐君子之華也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">學以飾身，不可以己不益而廢君子飾身之道耶？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【踴】刖者以之接也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>馬佚，犯野人苗，野人擯<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>之詞，納圉人之詞。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>言語之士也，圉人養馬之士也，而野人棄<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>之言不與馬而納圉人之言還之。蓋以其類相投故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圉】語音，養馬也。</span> <span>蓋鄙人不悦賢談久矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4816" id="4795">〔二一〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4775" id="4796">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">原道訓</span>：「故<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>之裸國，解衣而入，衣帶而出，因之也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4776" id="4797">〔二〕</a>酬酢：本指相互敬酒。主敬客稱酬，客還敬稱酢。泛指應對，應付。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「顯道神德行，是故可與酬酢，可與祐神矣。」<span class="zhuanming">韓康伯</span>注：「可以應對萬物之求，助成神化之功也。酬酢，猶應對也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00792','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P792</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4777" id="4798">〔三〕</a>當機：抓住時機。　御物：駕御萬物。　<span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>：爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道後，最初供養﹑歸依的二商人之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4778" id="4799">〔四〕</a>皇道：上古帝王治國的法則。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">西都賦</span>：「博我以皇道，弘我以<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>京。」<span class="zhuanming">李周翰</span>注：「皇道，皇王之道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4779" id="4800">〔五〕</a>覆燾：猶覆被。謂施恩，加惠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4780" id="4801">〔六〕</a>誷：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「調」。誷：欺騙。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4781" id="4802">〔七〕</a>丹碧：猶丹青。　抑揚：褒貶。　藻繪：錯雜華麗的色彩。指繪畫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4782" id="4803">〔八〕</a>鉛墨：筆墨。　毁：誹謗。　稱：讚揚。　篆隸：篆書和隸書。泛指書法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4783" id="4804">〔九〕</a>昇降：評議高低優劣。　法度：法令制度。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4784" id="4805">〔一○〕</a>宫羽：五音中的宫音與羽音。　音律：指音樂的律吕﹑宫調等。泛指音樂。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4785" id="4806">〔一一〕</a>訧：過失，過錯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4786" id="4807">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「有成與虧，故<span class="zhuanming">昭氏</span>之鼓琴也；無成與虧，故<span class="zhuanming">昭氏</span>之不鼓琴也。<span class="zhuanming">昭文</span>之鼓琴也，<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>之枝策也，<span class="zhuanming">惠子</span>之據梧也，三子之知幾乎，皆其盛者也，故載之末年。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「姓<span class="zhuanming">昭</span>名<span class="zhuanming">文</span>，古之善鼓琴者也。夫<span class="zhuanming">昭氏</span>鼓琴，雖云巧妙，而鼓商則喪角，揮宫則失徵，未若置而不鼓，則五音自全。」<span class="zhuanming">昭文</span>，<span class="shuming">列子</span>作「師文」。<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">湯問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">匏巴</span>鼓琴而鳥舞魚躍。<span class="zhuanming">鄭師文</span>聞之，棄家從<span class="zhuanming">師襄</span>遊，柱指鈞弦，三年不成章。<span class="zhuanming">師襄</span>曰：『子可以歸矣。』<span class="zhuanming">師文</span>舍其琴，歎曰：『<span class="zhuanming">文</span>非弦之不能鈞，非章之不能成。<span class="zhuanming">文</span>所存者不在弦，所志者不在聲。内不得於心，外不應於器，故不敢發手而動弦。且小假之，以觀其<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00793','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P793</span></i>後。』無幾何，復見<span class="zhuanming">師襄</span>。<span class="zhuanming">師襄</span>曰：『子之琴何如？』<span class="zhuanming">師文</span>曰：『得之矣。請嘗試之。』於是當春而叩商弦以召南吕，涼風忽至，草木成實。及秋而叩角弦以激夾鍾，温風徐迴，草木發榮。當夏而叩羽弦以召黄鐘，霜雪交下，川池暴沍。及冬而叩徵弦以激蕤賓，陽光熾烈，堅冰立散。將終，命官而總四弦，則景風翔，慶雲浮，甘露降，澧泉湧。<span class="zhuanming">師襄</span>乃撫心高蹈曰：『微矣子之彈也！雖<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>之清角，<span class="zhuanming">鄒衍</span>之吹律，亡以加之。彼將挾琴執管而從子之後耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4787" id="4808">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">則陽</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>行年六十而六十化，未嘗不始於是之而卒詘之以非也，未知今之所謂是之非五十九非也。」<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">原道訓</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>年五十而知四十九年非。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注曰：「<span class="zhuanming">伯玉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">蘧瑗</span>也。今年所行是也，則還顧知去年之所行非也。歲歲悔之，以至於死，故有四十九年非，所謂月悔朔﹑日悔昨也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4788" id="4809">〔一四〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">寓言</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">惠子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>行年六十而六十化，始時所是，卒而非之，未知今之所謂是之非五十九非也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4789" id="4810">〔一五〕</a>瑣：平庸。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4790" id="4811">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">齊策一</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">齊威王</span>）乃下令：『群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之過者，受上賞；上書諫寡人者，受中賞；能謗議於市朝，聞寡人之耳者，受下賞。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4791" id="4812">〔一七〕</a><span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">蕭何曹參傳</span>：「客又説<span class="zhuanming">何</span>曰：『君滅族不久矣！夫君位爲相國，功第一，不可復加。然君初入<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，本得百姓心，十餘年矣。皆附君，尚復孳孳得民和，上所謂數問君，畏君傾動<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，今君胡不多買田地，賤貰貸以自汙。上心必安。』於是<span class="zhuanming">何</span>從其計。上乃大説。上罷<span class="zhuanming">布</span>軍歸，民道遮行，上書言相<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00794','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P794</span></i>國彊賤買民田宅數千人。上至，<span class="zhuanming">何</span>謁。上笑曰：『今相國乃利民！』民所上書皆以與<span class="zhuanming">何</span>，曰：『君自謝民。』後<span class="zhuanming">何</span>爲民請曰：『<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>地陿，<span class="zhuanming">上林</span>中多空地，棄，願令民得入田，毋收稾爲獸食。』上大怒曰：『相國多受賈人財物，爲請吾苑！』乃下<span class="zhuanming">何</span>廷尉，械繫之。數日，<span class="zhuanming">王衛尉</span>侍，前問曰：『相國胡大罪，陛下繫之暴也？』上曰：『吾聞<span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>相<span class="zhuanming">秦皇帝</span>，有善歸主，有惡自予。今相國多受賈豎金，爲請吾苑，以自媚於民。故繫治之。』<span class="zhuanming">王衛尉</span>曰：『夫職事苟有便於民而請之，真宰相事也。陛下奈何乃疑相國受賈人錢乎！且陛下距<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>數歲，<span class="zhuanming">陳豨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黥布</span>反時，陛下自將往，當是時相國守<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>摇足則<span class="zhuanming">關西</span>非陛下有也。相國不以此時爲利，乃利賈人之金乎？且<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>以不聞其過亡天下，夫<span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>之分過，又何足法哉！陛下何疑宰相之淺也！』上不懌。是日，使使持節赦出<span class="zhuanming">何</span>。<span class="zhuanming">何</span>年老，素恭謹，徒跣入謝。上曰：『相國休矣！相國爲民請吾苑不許，我不過爲<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>主，而相國爲賢相。吾故繫相國，欲令百姓聞吾過。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4792" id="4813">〔一八〕</a>或：通「惑」，迷惑。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4793" id="4814">〔一九〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人資章甫而適諸<span class="zhuanming">越</span>，<span class="zhuanming">越</span>人斷髮文身，無所用之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4794" id="4815">〔二○〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公三年</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>欲更<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>之宅，曰：『子之宅近市，湫隘囂塵，不可以居，請更諸爽塏者。』辭曰：『君之先臣容焉，臣不足以嗣之，於臣侈矣。且小人近市，朝夕得所求，小人之利也，敢煩里旅？』公笑曰：『子近市，識貴賤乎？』對曰：『既利之，敢不識乎？』公曰：『何貴？何賤？』於是<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>繁於刑，有鬻踊者，故對曰：『踊貴，屨賤。』既已告於君，故與<span class="zhuanming">叔向</span>語而稱之。<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>爲是省於刑。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00795','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P795</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4795" id="4816">〔二一〕</a><span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷一四<span class="shuming">孝行覽</span><span class="shuming">必己</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>行道而息，馬逸，食人之稼，野人取其馬。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>請往説之。畢辭，野人不聽。有鄙人始事<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>者曰：『請往説之。』因謂野人曰：『子不耕於東海，吾不耕於西海也，吾馬何得不食子之禾？』其野人大説，相謂曰：『説亦皆如此其辯也，獨如嚮之人？』解馬而與之。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">季孫氏</span>之賜我粟千鍾，而交益親；<span class="zhuanming">南宫敬叔</span>遺我駟乘也，而道益行。故道雖貴，必有時而後重，有勢而後行。微夫二人之貺，則<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之道殆將廢矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4821" id="4817">〔一〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夫子初將出<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，聘<span class="zhuanming">周</span>問禮，<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>賜粟千鍾，<span class="zhuanming">孟氏</span><span class="zhuanming">僖子</span>賜車，仍令<span class="zhuanming">懿子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南宫敬叔</span>從師事<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>，及門徒請益者三千。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孔子曰】<span class="shuming">家語</span>文少不同爾。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>之將滅，顧命列國諸王洎大臣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4822" id="4818">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>將入滅，以教法及比丘内護之事，付有力王臣也。</span> <span>亦如<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之道焉。<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>無貴賤老幼，其人叟智彦，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>云：「老而有德曰叟，智過三百人曰彦。」</span> <span>皆謂優婆塞；壽母令妻，皆謂優婆夷<a class="zhuhao" href="#4823" id="4819">〔三〕</a>。此謂近事男﹑近事女也。陶神五戒，鄰善奉聖，居俗目之美也。先聖亦託以法教，令率力兼道，如<span class="zhuanming">須達多</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗舍佉</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4824" id="4820">〔四〕</a>，視王侯之亞矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陶】徒刀切，喜也，止也，化也，鍊也。【皆】或云並，足也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4817" id="4821">〔一〕</a>貺：饋贈。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷六下：「貺，賜也。」　<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷二<span class="shuming">致思</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>之賜我粟千鍾也，而交益親；自<span class="zhuanming">南宫敬叔</span>之乘我車也，而道加行。故道雖貴，必有時而後重，有勢而後行。微夫二子之貺財，則<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之道殆將廢矣。』」<span class="zhuanming">王肅</span>注曰：「得<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>千鍾之粟以施與衆而交益親。」「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>欲見<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>而西觀<span class="zhuanming">周</span>。<span class="zhuanming">敬叔</span>言與<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>君，給<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>車馬，問禮於<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>歷觀郊廟。自<span class="zhuanming">周</span>而還，弟子四方來<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00796','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P796</span></i>習也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4818" id="4822">〔二〕</a>顧命：謂臨終遺命。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">顧命</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>將崩，命<span class="zhuanming">召公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">畢公</span>率諸侯相<span class="zhuanming">康王</span>，作<span class="shuming">顧命</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「臨終之命曰顧命。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4819" id="4823">〔三〕</a>優婆塞：居士。優婆夷：女居士。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「俗人之信憑道法者，男曰優婆塞，女曰優婆夷。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4820" id="4824">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">須達多</span>：又稱<span class="zhuanming">蘇達多</span>等，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">善與</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">善施</span>」等，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>富商，<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>的大臣，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>的有力施主之一，號稱<span class="zhuanming">給孤獨</span>。後皈依<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">祇陀太子</span>共同施佛精舍，稱<span class="zhuanming">祇樹給孤獨園</span>。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">降魔變文</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大覺世尊</span>於<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">祇樹給孤之園</span>，宣説此經……<span class="zhuanming">須達</span>爲人慈善，好給濟於孤貧，是以因行立名<span class="zhuanming">給孤</span>。布金買地，修建伽藍，請佛延僧，是以列名經内。」　<span class="zhuanming">毗舍佉</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">鹿子母</span>。毗舍佉本爲星名。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷二五：「毘舍佉是星名也，此女因星得名，<span class="shuming">五分律</span>云<span class="zhuanming">鹿子母</span>是也。」<span class="zhuanming">鹿子母</span>聰明浄信，常行佈施，曾請求佛允許其施食予客比丘﹑遠行比丘﹑病比丘﹑看護比丘，及隨病施藥予病比丘及給與比丘粥﹑雨浴衣﹑水浴衣等，佛讚其爲聰明信樂之檀越。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span><span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷八：「<span class="zhuanming">鹿母</span>者，是<span class="zhuanming">毘舍佉夫人</span>。毘舍佉是二月星名，從星爲名。此云長養，即功德生長也。是<span class="zhuanming">彌伽羅</span>長者兒，婦有子名<span class="zhuanming">鹿</span>，故名<span class="zhuanming">鹿母</span>，從子爲名。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>未達教之所由，問於<span class="zhuanming">闞澤</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>大史令也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">澤</span>對曰：「臣審知佛是無上法王，衆聖所歸。教加一切，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">加，被也。</span> <span>哀含萬象。深同巨海，不揀細流。照並日月，不嫌星<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00797','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P797</span></i>燭。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嫌，阻也。</span> <span>會觸則化，遇物斯乘。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觸，對也。乘，運也。若洪鍾之待扣，似巨舟而廣運也。</span> <span>天上人中，自在尊貴。縱使天有普覆之功，地有普載之力，皆是諸佛建立使之然也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4826" id="4825">〔一〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4825" id="4826">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">彦琮</span><span class="shuming">唐護法沙門法琳别傳</span>卷下：「<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>尚書令<span class="zhuanming">闞澤</span>對<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>主<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>曰：『臣審知佛是無上法王，衆聖所歸。教加一切，哀含萬類。深同巨海，不簡細流。明並日月，不嫌星燭。會觸即化，遇物斯乘。天上人中，自在尊貴。縱使天有普覆之功，地有普載之力，皆是諸佛建立使之然也。』」<span class="zhuanming">智昇</span><span class="shuming">續集古今佛道論衡</span>亦有載。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>問<span class="zhuanming">何尚之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">羊玄保</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">尚之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>侍中。<span class="zhuanming">玄保</span>，吏部郎中。</span> <span>曰：「朕少來讀經不多，比日彌復無暇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">比，近也。</span> <span>三世因果，未辯措懷。而復不敢立異者，正以卿輩時秀，率所敬信也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4847" id="4827">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">范泰</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">車騎將軍也。</span> <span>及<span class="zhuanming">謝靈運</span>皆稱六經典文，本在濟俗爲政<a class="zhuhao" href="#4848" id="4828">〔二〕</a>，必求性靈真奥，豈得不以佛經爲指南耶？近見<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span><span class="shuming">折達性論</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span><span class="shuming">難黑白論</span>，明佛法汪汪<a class="zhuhao" href="#4849" id="4829">〔三〕</a>，尤爲名理，並是開奬人意。若使率土之賓<a class="zhuhao" href="#4850" id="4830">〔四〕</a>，皆感<a class="zhuhao" href="#4851" id="4831">〔五〕</a>此化，則朕垂拱坐致太平矣，夫復何事？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4852" id="4832">〔六〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【賓】或云濱字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">尚之</span>曰：「悠悠之徒，多不信法。以臣庸弊<a class="zhuhao" href="#4853" id="4833">〔七〕</a>，更荷褒拂，非敢所當。至如前代群英，則不負明詔矣。中朝已遠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">西晉</span>也。</span> <span>難復盡知。渡<span class="zhuanming">江</span>已來，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王導</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周顗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">庾亮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝尚</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王坦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王恭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王謐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">郭文舉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝敷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴逵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">范汪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張玄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷顗</span>等，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>賢士也。</span> <span>或宰輔之冠蓋，或人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00798','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P798</span></i>倫之羽儀，或置情天人之際，或抗跡煙霞之表，並禀志歸依，措心崇信<a class="zhuhao" href="#4854" id="4834">〔八〕</a>。其間比對則<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">護</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">開</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">深</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">崇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">邃</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4855" id="4835">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八子皆高僧也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【周顗】<span class="zhuanming">晉元帝</span>吏部尚書。【王】<span class="zhuanming">晉哀帝</span><span class="zhuanming">王皇后</span>之兄也，爲<span class="zhuanming">丹陽君</span>尚書令也。【郭文舉】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時加遁士林，<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>禮敬之。【謝敷】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>隱士也。【范汪】<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span>太守。【殷顗】音冀，<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>從兄。顗字悮，任<span class="zhuanming">南蠻</span>校尉也。【蘭】<span class="zhuanming">于法蘭</span>。【護】<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>。【開】<span class="zhuanming">于法開</span>也。【潛】<span class="zhuanming">竺法潛</span>也。【深】<span class="zhuanming">竺法</span>即<span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>也。深此名疑，請詳<a class="zhuhao" href="#4856" id="4836">〔一○〕</a>。【遁】<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>。【崇】<span class="zhuanming">竺法崇</span>也。【邃】<span class="zhuanming">竺法邃</span>也。</span> <span>皆迹亞黄中<a class="zhuhao" href="#4857" id="4837">〔一一〕</a>，咸不測之人也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">黄中，聖人也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠法師</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之化，無施<a class="zhuhao" href="#4858" id="4838">〔一二〕</a>不可。適道固自教源，濟俗亦爲真要<a class="zhuhao" href="#4859" id="4839">〔一三〕</a>。竊尋此説，有契理奥。何者？百家之鄉，十人持五戒，即十人淳謹；千室之邑，百人脩十善<a class="zhuhao" href="#4860" id="4840">〔一四〕</a>，則百人和睦。持此風教，以遍寰區，編户億千，則仁人百萬。夫能行一善則去一惡，去一惡則息一刑。息一刑於家，萬刑息於國，則陛下之言坐致太平是也。故佛<span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>入<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>殺戮減半；<span class="zhuanming">澠池</span>寶塔放光，<span class="zhuanming">符健</span>椎鋸用息。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>，<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">符健</span>，<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【澠池】上音免，<span class="zhuanming">河南府</span>縣名。<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>是兆池。【椎鋸】有椎脛鋸頸之酷也。<span class="shuming">古史考</span>云<span class="zhuanming">孟莊</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">蒙遜</span>反噬無親，虐如豺虎<a class="zhuhao" href="#4861" id="4841">〔一五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">北涼</span><span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>，本胡人，博覽群書，曉天文，殺<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>，自稱<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>牧。後入<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>即位，號<span class="zhuanming">西河王</span>。</span> <span>末節改悟，遂成善人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">在位三十年，譯<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">法建</span>道人力兼萬夫，幾亂<span class="zhuanming">河</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>，面縛甘死，以赴師厄。此非是内教所被哉？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4862" id="4842">〔一六〕</a>時<span class="zhuanming">羊玄寶</span>進曰：「竊恐<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">趙</span>論强兵之術，<span class="zhuanming">孫</span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>盡吞并之計，將無取<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00799','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P799</span></i>於此也。」帝曰：「此非戰國之具，良如卿言。」<span class="zhuanming">尚之</span>曰：「夫禮隱逸則戰士怠，貴仁德則兵氣衰。若以<span class="zhuanming">孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>爲心，志在吞噬，亦無取<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之道，豈唯佛教而已哉？」帝悦曰：「<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門有卿，亦猶<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>之<span class="zhuanming">季路</span>，所謂惡言不入於耳。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【季路】<span class="zhuanming">季路</span>乃夫子衘海之友也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">郗嘉賓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">朱皓之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>，並會道控儒，承經作訓。警法王之路，獻獲醜之功<a class="zhuhao" href="#4863" id="4843">〔一七〕</a>。而彼言行，豈由形勸而已哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【朱皓之】<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>云<span class="zhuanming">朱照之</span>。【劉勰】音叶，字<span class="zhuanming">彦和</span>。家貧不婚娶，依沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>居，遂博通經論。上力起林寺經藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#4864" id="4844">〔一八〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">勰</span>所定定也。侍<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">東京</span>舍人，長于佛理，都下塔寺﹑名僧碑誌，必請<span class="zhuanming">勰</span>。造<span class="shuming">劉子</span>數十篇，撰經證，功畢<a class="zhuhao" href="#4865" id="4845">〔一九〕</a>，遂求出家。先燔髮鬢自誓，敕許之，乃變服，改名<span class="zhuanming">惠地</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4866" id="4846">〔二○〕</a>。名<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>初滅佛法，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太延</span>五年，當<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span><span class="zhuanming">牧犍</span><span class="zhuanming">永和</span>六年。此年<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">末涼</span>，見滅事也。【獲醜】<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：既訊獲醜。得衆也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4827" id="4847">〔一〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>「信」後有一「故」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4828" id="4848">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>此句爲：「<span class="zhuanming">范泰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝靈運</span>常言：六經典文，本在濟俗爲治。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4829" id="4849">〔三〕</a>折：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>作「推」。「是」，<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">何令尚之答宋文皇帝讚揚佛教事</span>﹑<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>均作「足」。　汪汪：深廣貌。<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">典引</span>：「汪汪乎丕天之大律，其疇能亘之哉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4830" id="4850">〔四〕</a>賓：<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">何令尚之答宋文皇帝讚揚佛教事</span>﹑<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>作「濱」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4831" id="4851">〔五〕</a>感：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>作「敦」。<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">何令尚之答宋文皇帝讚揚佛教事</span>作「純」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4832" id="4852">〔六〕</a>據<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>載，「<span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>十二年，京尹<span class="zhuanming">蕭摹之</span>上啓請制起寺及鑄像，帝乃與侍中<span class="zhuanming">何尚之</span>﹑吏部<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00800','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P800</span></i>郎中<span class="zhuanming">羊玄保</span>等議之」。此段及下文對答之詞，<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">何令尚之答宋文皇帝讚揚佛教事</span>﹑<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>等文獻均有記載，唯文字小異。重要者，略作校記。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4833" id="4853">〔七〕</a>弊：<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">何令尚之答宋文皇帝讚揚佛教事</span>﹑<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>均作「蔽」。<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>還有「猶秉愚對，懼以闕薄，貽點大教。今乃」數字。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>爲「獨秉愚懃，懼以闕薄，貽點大教。今乃」等字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4834" id="4854">〔八〕</a>宰輔：輔政大臣。　抗跡：高尚其志行﹑心跡。　煙霞：煙霧，雲霞。泛指山水自然。　歸依：對佛﹑法﹑僧三寶表示歸順依附。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4835" id="4855">〔九〕</a>比對：比並，相當。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4836" id="4856">〔一○〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">竺法潛傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法深</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瑯琊</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">武昌郡公</span><span class="zhuanming">敦</span>之弟也。」<span class="zhuanming">深</span>和<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>，均指<span class="zhuanming">竺法潛</span>。這裏「深」字，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>作「淵」，應據改，當指<span class="zhuanming">支法淵</span>或<span class="zhuanming">康僧淵</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">于法蘭傳</span>：「又有<span class="zhuanming">竺法興</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支法淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">于法道</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>同時比德。<span class="zhuanming">興</span>以洽見知名，<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>以才華著稱，<span class="zhuanming">道</span>以義解馳聲矣。」<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">康僧淵傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">康僧淵</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，生于<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。貌雖<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>人，語實<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>。容止詳正，志業弘深。誦<span class="shuming">放光</span>﹑<span class="shuming">道行</span>﹑二<span class="shuming">波若</span>，即<span class="shuming">大</span>﹑<span class="shuming">小品</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">晉成</span>之世，與<span class="zhuanming">康法暢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支敏度</span>等俱過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4837" id="4857">〔一一〕</a>迹亞：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>作「亞迹」。謂追蹤前人而幾可比擬。<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">漢高祖功臣頌</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">曹參</span>）協策<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>，亞迹<span class="zhuanming">蕭公</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4838" id="4858">〔一二〕</a>施：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>作「所」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4839" id="4859">〔一三〕</a>真要：真諦﹑要義。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>作「要務」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00801','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P801</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4840" id="4860">〔一四〕</a>淳謹：敦厚謹慎。　十善：不殺﹑不盜﹑不邪淫﹑不妄語﹑不兩舌﹑不惡口﹑不綺語﹑不貪﹑不嗔﹑不邪見。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4841" id="4861">〔一五〕</a>「<span class="zhuanming">蒙遜</span>反噬無親」句：<span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>爲尋找起兵藉口，讓<span class="zhuanming">段業</span>將其兄<span class="zhuanming">沮渠男成</span>抓捕並令自殺，以其王霸而害其兄。事見<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一二九<span class="shuming">沮渠蒙遜載記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4842" id="4862">〔一六〕</a>按：「故<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>入<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>」後幾句，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>有云：「故<span class="zhuanming">佛澄</span>適<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">石</span>減暴。靈塔放光，<span class="zhuanming">苻健</span>損虐。故神道助教，有自來矣。而<span class="zhuanming">蕭摹</span>所啓，亦不謂全非。但傷蠹道俗者，本在無行僧尼。而情貌難分，祛取未易。金銅土木，雖縻費滋深，必福業所寄，復難得頓絶。臣比思爲斟酌，進退難安。今日親奉德音，實亦深用夷泰。」<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">何令尚之答宋文皇帝讚揚佛教事</span>：「故<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>入<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>而<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>殺戮減半，<span class="zhuanming">澠池</span>寶塔放光而<span class="zhuanming">符健</span>椎鋸用息。<span class="zhuanming">蒙遜</span>反噬無親，虐如豺虎，末節感悟，遂成善人。<span class="zhuanming">法逮</span>（當爲「建」字之形誤）道人力兼萬夫，幾亂<span class="zhuanming">河</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>，面縛甘死，以赴師厄。此非有他，敬信故也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4843" id="4863">〔一七〕</a>獲醜：俘獲敵衆。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">出車</span>：「執訊獲醜，薄言還歸。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">衛青傳</span>：「執訊獲醜，敺馬牛羊百有餘萬。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「獲醜者，得其衆也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4844" id="4864">〔一八〕</a>按：上力起林寺，當爲「上定林寺」之誤。<span class="zhuanming">定林寺</span>有上﹑下兩寺，<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>依止<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>整理經藏者，爲<span class="zhuanming">上定林寺</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4845" id="4865">〔一九〕</a>按：功，原誤作「切」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4846" id="4866">〔二○〕</a><span class="shuming">梁書</span>卷五○<span class="shuming">劉勰傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>）家貧不婚娶，依沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>，與之居處，積十餘年，遂博通經論，因區别部類，録而序之。今<span class="zhuanming">定林寺</span>經藏，<span class="zhuanming">勰</span>所定也。……<span class="zhuanming">勰</span>爲文長於佛理，京師寺塔及名僧碑誌，必請<span class="zhuanming">勰</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00802','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P802</span></i>制文。有敕與<span class="zhuanming">慧震</span>沙門于<span class="zhuanming">定林寺</span>撰經證，功畢，遂啓求出家，先燔鬢髮以自誓，敕許之。乃於寺變服，改名<span class="zhuanming">慧地</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>以<span class="zhuanming">太延</span>五年始起虐，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">太延</span>五年，己卯年，<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>初滅佛法也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">太平真君</span>七年丙戌盡誅滅，是歲<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>二十三年也。<span class="zhuanming">正平</span>二年壬辰春二月，帝崩，太子<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>先卒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">初，帝南征，有譖<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>婬于内，帝怒，<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>懼，乃謀逆。帝知之，因詐死。使人召<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>至，以鐵籠罩之，撻三百，後乃殺之。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>立，改元曰<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>，是歲十一月崩。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太武</span><span class="zhuanming">正平</span>二年，爲常侍<span class="zhuanming">宗愛</span>所害，<span class="zhuanming">景穆太子</span><span class="zhuanming">光</span>立，改<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>。元年，<span class="zhuanming">宗愛</span>亦害之，立<span class="zhuanming">景穆</span>子<span class="zhuanming">濬</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">文成帝</span>，改元曰<span class="zhuanming">興安</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【十一月崩】集云十一月初一日崩。【常侍】「待」悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">文成</span>立，改元曰<span class="zhuanming">興安</span>，復興也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">再興<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>以<span class="zhuanming">天和</span>四年己丑歲議興廢，<span class="zhuanming">建德</span>三年甲午大殲滅，當<span class="zhuanming">陳宣</span><span class="zhuanming">大建</span>六年也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周武</span>名<span class="zhuanming">邕</span>，佛道二教並毁除之。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">宣正</span>元年戊戌，帝崩，<span class="zhuanming">天元</span>嗣立，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>也，諱<span class="zhuanming">贇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>長子。税入市者人一文錢。幸<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，驛馬四百里。皇后方駕而行，後者罪之，自稱<span class="zhuanming">天元皇帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>水變爲血。</span> <span>己亥歲改爲<span class="zhuanming">大成</span>。元年春，復興也。惟天命弗于常，以<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>啓<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>命，以<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>啓<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>命；其將亡也，以<span class="zhuanming">桀</span><span class="zhuanming">紂</span>滅之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">禹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">姒</span>姓，名<span class="zhuanming">文命</span>。<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子</span>姓，名<span class="zhuanming">天乙</span>。<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>十七代孫。<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>三十代孫。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天命】<span class="shuming">康誥</span>云：惟命弗于常。注云有義則存，無義則亡。</span> <span>惟至道弗于常，以<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>始之，以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>弘之；其將亡也，以二<span class="zhuanming">武</span>滅之。天意以萬物不一，外事豈必福者能興，禍者能滅，不興安廢，不廢孰興乎？昔<span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>縊于郊南，弟子經夕<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00803','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P803</span></i>乃至，興而告曰：「大法應化，隨緣盛衰。盛衰在迹，理恒湛然<a class="zhuhao" href="#4869" id="4867">〔一〕</a>。但念汝等，不久復當如我。汝等死後，法當復興也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4870" id="4868">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>道人，以太子<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>之師故，死於<span class="zhuanming">平陽</span>。光至于寺，弟子方知，乃請尸。尸至寺，復起告弟子，後大法果滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【死於平陽】下是城字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4867" id="4869">〔一〕</a>湛然：安然貌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4868" id="4870">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">玄高傳</span>：「弟子<span class="zhuanming">玄暢</span>時在<span class="zhuanming">雲中</span>，去<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>都六百里。旦忽見一人告云以變，仍給六百里馬，於是揚鞭而返，晚間至都，見師已亡，悲慟斷絶。因與同學共泣曰：『法今既滅，頗復興不？如脱更興，請和上起坐。和上德匪常人，必當照之矣。』言畢，<span class="zhuanming">高</span>兩眼稍開，光色還悦，體通汗出，其汗香甚。須臾起坐，謂弟子曰：『大法應化，隨緣盛衰。盛衰在迹，理恒湛然。但念汝等不久復應如我耳，唯有<span class="zhuanming">玄暢</span>，當得南度。汝等死後，法當更興。善自修心，無令中悔。』言已，便卧而絶也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">興安</span>初，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文宣皇帝</span>甲午年也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文宣皇帝】應云<span class="zhuanming">文成帝</span>，父尊爲<span class="zhuanming">景穆</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">高宗</span>詔曰：「夫爲帝王者，必祗奉明靈，顯彰仁道，其能惠著生民，利濟群品者，雖往，猶序其風烈<a class="zhuhao" href="#4878" id="4871">〔一〕</a>。是以<span class="shuming">春秋</span>嘉宗盟之禮，祭典載功施之族<a class="zhuhao" href="#4879" id="4872">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云「功施於民者祀之，勞及於民者祀之，能御大難者祀之」等是<a class="zhuhao" href="#4880" id="4873">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>況<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，功濟<span class="zhuanming">大千</span>，慧流塵境。尋生死者，歎其達觀；覽文義者，貴其妙門<a class="zhuhao" href="#4881" id="4874">〔四〕</a>。助政化之禁律，益仁智之善性。排撥群邪，開演正覺<a class="zhuhao" href="#4882" id="4875">〔五〕</a>。故前代已來，莫不崇尚，亦我國家常所尊事之也。<span class="zhuanming">世祖</span><span class="zhuanming">太武</span>皇帝開廣邊荒，德澤遐<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00804','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P804</span></i>被。沙門道士，善行純誠，如<span class="zhuanming">慧始</span>之倫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">慧始</span>足白於面，時號「白足阿練若」。<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">大武</span>沙除<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教，令構得僧首者賞金，始立國門，來者與其頭，官中賞給不暇，因是而止。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惠始】<span class="zhuanming">曇始</span>，已注於上。來者與該，未詳其注。</span> <span>無遠不至，風義相感，往往如林。夫山海之深，恠物多有。姦淫之儔，得容假託。講寺之中，致有兇黨。是以先朝因其瑕釁，戮其有罪，有司失旨，一切禁斷。<span class="zhuanming">景穆皇帝</span>每爲慨然，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文宣帝</span>父，尊爲<span class="zhuanming">景穆</span>。</span> <span>值軍國多事，未遑脩復。以朕纘承鴻緒，君臨萬邦，思述先志，以隆斯道。今制諸州城郡縣衆居之所，各聽建浮圖一軀，任其財用，不制期限。其有好樂道法，欲爲沙門，不問長幼，出於良家，性行篤素<a class="zhuhao" href="#4883" id="4876">〔六〕</a>，鄉里所明者聽出家。大州五十人，小州三十人。足以化惡就善，播揚道教者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4884" id="4877">〔七〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已上<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">文宣皇帝</span>再興詔。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4871" id="4878">〔一〕</a>群品：謂衆生。　風烈：風教德業。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4872" id="4879">〔二〕</a>宗盟：天子與諸侯的盟會。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">隱公十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之宗盟，異姓爲後。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4873" id="4880">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">祭法</span>：「夫聖王之制祭祀也：法施於民則祀之，以死勤事則祀之，以勞定國則祀之，能禦大災則祀之，能捍大患則祀之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4874" id="4881">〔四〕</a>達觀：謂一切順其自然。　妙門：指領悟精微教理的門徑。<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">世主妙嚴品</span>第一之二：「普應群情闡妙門，令入難思清浄法。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4875" id="4882">〔五〕</a>正覺：契於真理之智慧。謂佛法。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00805','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P805</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4876" id="4883">〔六〕</a>篤素：純厚樸實的素養。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4877" id="4884">〔七〕</a>道教：指佛教。道教本指宣道之教。<span class="shuming">墨子</span>卷九<span class="shuming">非儒下</span>：「貧且亂政之本而儒者以爲道教，是賊天下之人者也。」早期佛教亦有稱爲道教者，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">求那跋摩傳</span>：「必希顧臨<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>境，流行道教。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">周初</span>滅法，尋立<span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4892" id="4885">〔一〕</a>，選<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">李</span>門人有名當世者一百二十人，著衣冠笏履，號<span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span>學士。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衛元嵩</span>奏置也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">普曠</span>剃髮留鬚<a class="zhuhao" href="#4893" id="4886">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧也。</span> <span>帝乃笑之。<span class="zhuanming">大成</span>元年春正月，<span class="zhuanming">天元</span>詔曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>。</span> <span>「弘建玄風<a class="zhuhao" href="#4894" id="4887">〔三〕</a>，三寶尊重，特宜修敬。法化弘廣，理可歸崇。其舊沙門中德行清高者七人，在<span class="zhuanming">正武殿</span>西安置行道。」二月，改爲<span class="zhuanming">大象</span>元年，敕曰：「佛法弘大，千古共崇，豈有沉隱捨而不行？自今已後，王公已下并及黎庶，並宜脩事，知朕意焉。」爰於二京各立一寺，其餘州郡，猶未通許。四月八日詔：「佛教興來，多歷年代，論其至理，實自難明。但以世漸澆浮<a class="zhuhao" href="#4895" id="4888">〔四〕</a>，不依佛法，致使清浄之法變成濁穢，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span><span class="zhuanming">武皇帝</span>廢而不立，正爲如此。朕今情存至道，思弘善法，方揀擇練行<a class="zhuhao" href="#4896" id="4889">〔五〕</a>，恭循此理。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】音旬，善也。</span> <span>令形服不改，德行仍存，敬設道場，欲行善法。王公已下，並宜知悉。」至二十日，詔選耆舊沙門懿德貞潔﹑學業沖博<a class="zhuhao" href="#4897" id="4890">〔六〕</a>一百二十人，勿剪髮毁形，於<span class="zhuanming">陟岵寺</span>爲國行道，所資公給。沙門<span class="zhuanming">任道林</span>歷<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天元</span>二世，諫奏有儀，帝懿乃辯，屢迴天睠，大法紹復，斯人有力矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#4898" id="4891">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周武</span><span class="zhuanming">建德</span>二年廢二教，即<span class="zhuanming">陳宣帝</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00806','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P806</span></i><span class="zhuanming">大建</span>五年也，<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>後主<span class="zhuanming">武平</span>四年也，後<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">大定</span>十二年癸巳之歲矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陟岵】上竹力切，登也，昇也；下音户，山多草木皃。【建德二年】應云三年，下<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>皆少一年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4885" id="4892">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北周</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>於<span class="zhuanming">建德</span>三年（五七四）五月，廢佛道二教後，爲保存二教之根本所設置的機構。<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷一七一謂：「<span class="zhuanming">周</span>立<span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span>，以壹聖賢之教。」從還俗的僧侣道士中選取優秀者任<span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span>學士，著衣冠笏履，講<span class="shuming">老</span>﹑<span class="shuming">莊</span>﹑<span class="shuming">周易</span>，兼研佛經。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4886" id="4893">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">普曠</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">樊氏</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4887" id="4894">〔三〕</a>玄風：天子清静無爲的教化。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷三八<span class="zhuanming">庾亮</span><span class="shuming">讓中書令表</span>：「遂階親寵，累忝非服，弱冠濯纓，沐浴玄風。」<span class="zhuanming">吕延濟</span>注：「沐浴天子道教。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4888" id="4895">〔四〕</a>澆浮：猶澆薄。指社會風氣輕薄。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4889" id="4896">〔五〕</a>練行：謂修練戒行。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4890" id="4897">〔六〕</a>按：據文意及<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>，「學業沖博」後當補一「者」字。<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷一○：「令選舊沙門中懿德貞潔﹑學業沖博﹑名實灼然﹑聲望可嘉者一百二十人。」懿：美好。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>：「懿，美也。」　沖：深遠，精深。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4891" id="4898">〔七〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">建德</span>六年（五七七），<span class="zhuanming">北周</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，於其地實施廢佛之際，<span class="zhuanming">任道林</span>曾上奏<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>，請復興佛教。後選入<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span>。翌年六月<span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>即位，其復就復興佛教之事頻頻上奏。事見<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷五﹑卷一○。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋文</span>潛龍時<a class="zhuhao" href="#4902" id="4899">〔一〕</a>，有神尼<span class="zhuanming">智仙</span>言曰：「佛法將滅，一切神明今已西去。兒當爲普<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00807','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P807</span></i>天慈父，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">隋文帝</span>。</span> <span>重興佛法，一切神明還來至此<a class="zhuhao" href="#4903" id="4900">〔二〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">静帝</span>沖幼，以<span class="zhuanming">隋公</span>輔政，欲令沙門復舊，未之能也。洎革<span class="zhuanming">周</span>命，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周静帝</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">衍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>長子，即位，改元<span class="zhuanming">大定</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">隋公楊堅</span>爲丞相。復佛道二教，在位一年，遜于<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>。居别宫，奉爲<span class="zhuanming">介國公</span>，食邑萬户，一切依<span class="zhuanming">周</span>制，<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>元年崩，年九歲。</span> <span>乃令剃落，如<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#4904" id="4901">〔三〕</a>，皆不失其人也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4899" id="4902">〔一〕</a>潛龍：本謂陽氣潛藏。比喻聖人在下位，隱而未顯。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「初九，潛龍勿用。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4900" id="4903">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二六<span class="shuming">道密傳</span>：「有神尼者名曰<span class="zhuanming">智仙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">蒲阪</span><span class="zhuanming">劉氏</span>女也。……及帝誕日，無因而至，語<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>曰：『兒天佛所祐，勿憂也。』尼遂名帝爲<span class="zhuanming">那羅延</span>，言如金剛不可壞也。……及年七歲，告帝曰：『兒當大貴，從東國來。佛法當滅，由兒興之。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4901" id="4904">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷九有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳。</span> </p><p> <span>國初，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>問群臣曰：「<span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>每云『佛教無用』，朕欲從其所議，卿等何如？」<span class="zhuanming">魏公</span><span class="zhuanming">裴寂</span>進曰：「臣聞<span class="zhuanming">齊桓公</span>與<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鮑叔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">甯戚</span>等飲酒而適，<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">鮑叔</span>曰：『爲寡人祝之。』<span class="zhuanming">鮑叔</span>奉酒而祝曰：『願吾君無忘出於<span class="zhuanming">莒</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">公孫無知</span>亂，<span class="zhuanming">小白</span>奔<span class="zhuanming">莒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人殺<span class="zhuanming">無知</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">鮑叔</span>輔<span class="zhuanming">小白</span>入立，是爲<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莒】<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>東國名，音舉，今<span class="zhuanming">滕陽州</span>是也。</span> <span>願<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>無忘縛於<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>亂，<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>與<span class="zhuanming">子糺</span>奔<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，國人納之。值<span class="zhuanming">小白</span>先入，遂戰，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>敗，乃殺<span class="zhuanming">子糺</span>，而生縛<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>至，<span class="zhuanming">鮑叔</span>解之於境也。</span> <span>願<span class="zhuanming">甯戚</span>無忘於飯牛。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">甯戚</span>使車飯於牛下，見<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>，扣角而歌，<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>乃用之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【飯】飼牛也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">桓公</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00808','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P808</span></i>避席而謝：『寡人與二三大夫曾無忘夫子之言，則<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>社稷不廢矣。』此言常思舊也。陛下昔創義師，志憑三寶，云安九五<a class="zhuhao" href="#4911" id="4905">〔一〕</a>，誓啓玄門。今陛下六合歸仁，富有四海，欲納<span class="zhuanming">弈</span>之狂簡</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">傅弈</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【九五】九五飛昇天也。【簡】策也。</span> <span>而毁廢佛僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#4912" id="4906">〔二〕</a>，此則虧陛下之往信，彰陛下之今過。元元失望，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">元元，黎庶也。</span> <span>理不可也。」是知文武之賢，固天攸縱，匪惟社禝之臣，實亦法王之臣，既作衛于王室，亦屏藩於聖教也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【屏藩】上必郢切，蔽障也；下甫煩切，藩屏也。</span> <span>若夫長民者，行著一鄉，智效一官，樹風聲之德表，爲蚩氓之效仰<a class="zhuhao" href="#4913" id="4907">〔三〕</a>。彼氓也何有知焉？舉直錯諸枉，彼民之謂直也；舉枉錯諸直，彼氓而謂之直也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4914" id="4908">〔四〕</a>。本無特鑒委化上流者，安得不審其動也，慎其詞也，昭其信也？<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>率天下以仁，而民從之；<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>率天下以暴虐，而民從之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4915" id="4909">〔五〕</a>又曰：「下之事上也，不從其所令而從其所化。上好是物，下必有甚者矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4916" id="4910">〔六〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【著】陟慮切，明也，立也，補也。【蚩】赤之切。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：民之蚩蚩，抱布貿絲。蚩，純厚之皃也。【氓】音萌。<span class="zhuanming">許行</span>云：願一廛而爲氓。注云：氓，野人也。又，氓，民無知皃也。【舉直錯諸枉】錯，倉故切，廢置也。<span class="shuming">語</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>問曰：何爲則民服？<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：舉直錯諸枉，則民服；舉枉錯諸直，則民不服也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4905" id="4911">〔一〕</a>九五：指帝位。出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「九五，飛龍在天，利見大人。」九，謂陽爻；五，第五爻，指卦象自下而上第五位。<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「言九五，陽氣盛至於天，故云『飛龍在天』。此自然之象，猶若聖人有龍德﹑飛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00809','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P809</span></i>騰而居天位。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4906" id="4912">〔二〕</a>狂簡：志向高遠而處事疏闊。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「吾黨之小子狂簡，斐然成章，不知所以裁之。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「狂簡，志大而略於事也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4907" id="4913">〔三〕</a>长民：爲民之長。本指天子﹑諸侯，後泛指地方官吏。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">坊記</span>：「子云：長民者，朝廷敬老則民作孝。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「長民謂天子﹑諸侯也。」又卷一七<span class="shuming">缁衣</span>：「長民者，衣服不貳，從容有常，以齊其民，則民德壹。」<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">入官</span>：「上者尊嚴而危，民者卑賤而神。愛之則存，惡之則亡，長民者必明此之要。」　風聲：謂好的風氣。風，教化。聲，風氣。<span class="shuming">書</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">畢命</span>：「彰善癉惡，樹之風聲。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「明其爲善，病其爲惡；立其善風，揚其善聲。」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公六年</span>：「古之王者，知命之不長，是以並建聖哲，樹之風聲。」<span class="zhuanming">杜预</span>注：「因土地風俗爲立聲教之法。」　德表：謂品德的外在表現。　蚩氓：敦厚而愚昧的人。語出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">氓</span>：「氓之蚩蚩，抱布貿絲。」<span class="zhuanming">羅泌</span><span class="shuming">路史</span>卷三五<span class="shuming">發揮三</span><span class="shuming">道以異端而明</span>：「今夫蚩氓稚子，見弄木虎者，驚喜嘆訝，且畏且愛。歸而誇于鄰之嫂，逾年未已，而乃不知彼真虎者耽耽蹲伏深林之中，神色不動，宛不異狗。」　<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥游</span>：「故夫知效一官，行比一鄉，德合一君，而徵一國者，其自視也，亦若此矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4908" id="4914">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>問曰：『何爲則民服？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『舉直錯諸枉，則民服。舉枉錯諸直，則民不服。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4909" id="4915">〔五〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">大學</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4910" id="4916">〔六〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">緇衣</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00810','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P810</span></i><p> <span>今庶口喋喋<a class="zhuhao" href="#4924" id="4917">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音牒，佞語也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庶】衆也。【喋】音牒，便語也。</span> <span>病乎不信。余心晦晦，兼愠乎信<a class="zhuhao" href="#4925" id="4918">〔二〕</a>。何哉？夫信有三者焉：有智﹑有愚﹑有黨。智則擇物，人悦其鑒，如<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>，仁者至，不仁者遠矣。愚與黨傷蠹哉！愚不辨於牛馬，於其所信，如休猴而冠之<a class="zhuhao" href="#4926" id="4919">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">項羽</span>屠<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>，焚燒宫闕，三月火不滅，而歸<span class="zhuanming">下邳</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之君子有言曰：「<span class="zhuanming">項籍</span>之作，猶沐猴而冠焉。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【下邳】符悲切，今之<span class="zhuanming">下邳</span>縣是，<span class="zhuanming">泗州</span>界。</span> <span>慕像龍而懼其真龍<a class="zhuhao" href="#4927" id="4920">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">葉公</span>食菜於<span class="zhuanming">葉</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">諸梁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子高</span>，好龍，畫之門户屏屋，天爲見真龍。見之，驚悸而卒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【葉公】上書涉切，邑名，在<span class="zhuanming">汝州</span>。<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>僭稱王，<span class="zhuanming">沈諸良</span>食菜於<span class="zhuanming">葉</span>，遂僭稱公也。</span> <span>以狂且爲<span class="zhuanming">子都</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">子都</span>，有貌之美者也。狂，童也。且，語辭也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「不見<span class="zhuanming">子都</span>，乃見狂且」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4928" id="4921">〔五〕</a>是也。此詩刺<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>不賢之謂者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【狂且爲子都】且，七餘切。狂且，狂醜人也。此詩刺<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>太子<span class="zhuanming">忽</span>也。都，美也。</span> <span>以<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>爲羅漢<a class="zhuhao" href="#4929" id="4922">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，<span class="zhuanming">土火羅國</span>僧，造五逆者，<span class="zhuanming">無憂</span>供之，以爲羅漢。</span> <span>小人之幸，君子之不幸。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不應用而獲用，謂之幸。應用而不獲用，謂之不幸。</span> <span>黨則失賢與惡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故君子不黨。</span> <span>保姦害善，悖亂無法，使服箱之馬而見忌，角於凶犢<a class="zhuhao" href="#4930" id="4923">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">車旁之馬。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【服箱】車箱也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：兩服齊首，兩驂雁行。古人四馬同車，二馬爲兩服，首齊。其外二馬謂之驂，首差退。</span> <span>而隱遁者患山林之不深矣。彼二者，真若率信不得信之樞也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4917" id="4924">〔一〕</a>喋喋：多言。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00811','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P811</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4918" id="4925">〔二〕</a>晦晦：懵懂，糊塗。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4919" id="4926">〔三〕</a>休：當爲「沐」字之形誤。沐猴：獼猴。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">角弓</span>：「毋教猱升木。」<span class="zhuanming">陸璣</span>疏：「猱，獼猴也，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人謂之沐猴。」猴子穿衣戴帽，究竟不是真人。比喻虚有其表。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">項羽本紀</span>：「人言<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人沐猴而冠耳，果然。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4920" id="4927">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">劉向</span><span class="shuming">新序</span>卷五<span class="shuming">雜事</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">葉公子高</span>好龍，鈎以寫經，鑿以寫龍，屋室雕文以寫龍。於是夫龍聞而下之，窺頭於牖，施尾於堂。<span class="zhuanming">葉公</span>見之，棄而還走，失其魂魄，五色無主。是<span class="zhuanming">葉公</span>非好龍也，好夫似龍而非龍者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4921" id="4928">〔五〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">鄭風</span><span class="shuming">山有扶蘇</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4922" id="4929">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大天</span>：小乘大衆部之始祖，音譯「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>」。生於佛滅後百餘年，<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">秣菟羅國</span>商人之子。相傳出家前造三逆罪，後懺悔而入佛門。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>以<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃之後第一百年，命世君臨，威被殊俗，深信三寶，愛育四生。時有五百羅漢僧，五百凡夫僧，王所敬仰，供養無差。有凡夫僧<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，闊達多智，幽求名實，潭思作論，理違聖教，凡有聞知，群從異議。<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>不識凡聖，同情所好，黨援所親，召集僧徒，赴<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>，欲沈深流，總從誅戮。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4923" id="4930">〔七〕</a>服箱：負載車箱。猶駕車。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">大東</span>：「睆彼牽牛，不以服箱。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「服，牝服也；箱，大車之箱也。」<span class="zhuanming">陳奂</span><span class="shuming">傳疏</span>：「牝即牛。服者，負之假借字，大車重載，牛負之，故謂之牝服。」　犢：小牛。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北山</span>野人瞰余之斐詞，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂所居之󲳴󲳴者󲳴。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瞰】俯視也。【斐】敷尾切，文章貌。</span> <span>曰：「夫爲道德󲳴󲳴乎，一世󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#4940" id="4931">〔一〕</a>經。外有六典，百氏足以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00812','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P812</span></i>遊神娱目，端思默聽，今乃鑽研簡牘，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">󲳴󲳴󲳴也󲳴󲳴版也。</span> <span>輕役精魂，規規皇皇，其殆也已<a class="zhuhao" href="#4941" id="4932">〔二〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自有内外典籍，何須更區區撰此？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【規規皇皇】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：規規然自失也。皇皇，驚皃。又，規規，小貌，皇皇也。【殆】危困也。</span> <span>余赧而失據，徐思而對曰：「夫坳塘不足以隘於江湖而不孕於雚葦<a class="zhuhao" href="#4942" id="4933">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不可以隘小之故，便不生於雚葦。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【赧】奴板切，慙而面赤。【坳塘】上烏交切，下音唐，牛迹也。【隘】陜也，陋也。【雚葦】上音桓，下于鬼切。雚葦也，皆蘆屬，其花皆名苕。生下濕地，或水中，或植池圃者也。</span> <span>培塿不足以下於<span class="zhuanming">衡霍</span>而不載於枳棘<a class="zhuhao" href="#4943" id="4934">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衡霍</span>，南岳也。培塿，堆阜也。枳棘，刺也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【培塿】上音部，下力狗切，小阜也。【衡霍】<span class="zhuanming">衡</span>，南岳也。下<span class="zhuanming">霍山</span>也。</span> <span>萬物今古，各有分也。昔<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>見知於<span class="zhuanming">君山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4944" id="4935">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子雲</span>。好古，嘗著擬<span class="shuming">周易</span>，草<span class="shuming">太玄經</span>十卷。<span class="zhuanming">張平子</span>見之，曰：「只可蓋於醬瓿。」及<span class="zhuanming">桓譚</span>見之，曰：「可以偕聖也。」後<span class="zhuanming">鬱林</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">陸績</span>注之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓿】蒲口切，瓦甖也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">左沖</span>得譽於<span class="zhuanming">皇甫</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#4945" id="4936">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">左思</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">太沖</span>。閉户十年，著<span class="shuming">三都賦</span>。門户井溷，皆有紙筆，得󲳴󲳴字，輒書之。賦成，<span class="zhuanming">皇甫謐</span>見而譽之，都下謂之紙貴。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【溷】胡困切，厠也。</span> <span>愚智否臧，亦何有定在乎？遇不遇󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴憫余。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">奚，何也。憫，惻念也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憫】憫余小子。</span> <span>尋繹往脩，遠慕前識，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慕<span class="zhuanming">子雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太沖</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【脩】長也。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span>以<span class="zhuanming">靈脩</span>爲君子。</span> <span>託彼󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴，庶幾善道。刻鳳成雞，猶利其半。既非吾徒，終日飽食<a class="zhuhao" href="#4946" id="4937">〔七〕</a>，則高天厚󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#4947" id="4938">〔八〕</a>，曾何腆乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人若不學，則終日飽食，無所用心，焉知高天厚地哉？腆，厚顔也。亦不以無知爲媿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【腆】他典切，厚也。</span> <span>跼踖<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00813','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P813</span></i>哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身心悚然貌也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跼踖】上音局，曲也，俛也；下音籍，踐也。或此蹐字，音積，故<span class="shuming">東京賦</span>云：「豈徒跼高天，蹐厚地而已哉？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#4948" id="4939">〔九〕</a>跼，傴僂也。蹐，輕足行也。敬畏天地者如此也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4931" id="4940">〔一〕</a>按：底本「道德」後漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本在「乎」後作十五字闕文，今據底本補「一世」兩字，缺十三字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4932" id="4941">〔二〕</a>規規：自失貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">秋水</span>：「於是埳井之鼃聞之，適適然驚，規規然自失也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「規規，自失之貌。」　皇皇：惶恐貌。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「既葬，皇皇如有望而弗至。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4933" id="4942">〔三〕</a>失據：失去憑依。　坳塘：猶坳堂。　不足：猶不致。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4934" id="4943">〔四〕</a>培塿：小土丘。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十四年</span>：「部婁無松柏。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「部婁，小阜。」<span class="shuming">風俗通義</span><span class="shuming">山澤</span>引作「培塿無松柏」。並曰：「言其卑小。部者，阜之類也。今<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之間，田中少高卬名之爲部矣。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span><span class="shuming">方言注</span>：「培，音部。」又，「培塿，亦堆高之貌。」　<span class="zhuanming">衡霍</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">衡山</span>。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span><span class="shuming">釋山</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">霍山</span>爲南岳。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">衡山</span>一名<span class="zhuanming">霍</span>……而云<span class="zhuanming">衡霍</span>，一山二名者，本<span class="zhuanming">衡山</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">霍山</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4935" id="4944">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷八七<span class="shuming">揚雄傳</span>：「時有好事者載酒肴從游學，而<span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span><span class="zhuanming">侯芭</span>常從<span class="zhuanming">雄</span>居，受其<span class="shuming">太玄</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法言</span>焉。<span class="zhuanming">劉歆</span>亦嘗觀之，謂<span class="zhuanming">雄</span>曰：『空自苦！今學者有禄利，然尚不能明<span class="shuming">易</span>，又如<span class="shuming">玄</span>何？吾恐後人用覆醬瓿也。』<span class="zhuanming">雄</span>笑而不應。……時大司空<span class="zhuanming">王邑</span>﹑納言<span class="zhuanming">嚴尤</span>聞<span class="zhuanming">雄</span>死，謂<span class="zhuanming">桓譚</span>曰：『子嘗稱<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>書，豈能傳於後世乎？』<span class="zhuanming">譚</span>曰：『必傳。顧君與<span class="zhuanming">譚</span>不及見也。凡人賤近而貴遠，親見<span class="zhuanming">揚子雲</span>禄位容貌不能動人，故輕其書。昔<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>著虚無之言兩篇，薄仁義，非禮學，然後世好之者尚以爲過於五經，自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">景</span>之君及<span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span>皆有是言。今<span class="zhuanming">揚子</span>之書文義至深，而論不詭於聖人，若使遭遇時君，更閲賢知，爲所稱善，則必度越<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00814','1865881',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P814</span></i>諸子矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4936" id="4945">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷九二<span class="shuming">左思傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">左思</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">太沖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span><span class="zhuanming">臨淄</span>人也。……及賦成，時人未之重。<span class="zhuanming">思</span>自以其作不謝<span class="zhuanming">班</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span>，恐以人廢言，<span class="zhuanming">安定</span><span class="zhuanming">皇甫謐</span>有高譽，<span class="zhuanming">思</span>造而示之。<span class="zhuanming">謐</span>稱善，爲其賦序。<span class="zhuanming">張載</span>爲注<span class="shuming">魏都</span>，<span class="zhuanming">劉逵</span>注<span class="shuming">吴</span>﹑<span class="shuming">蜀</span>而序之……於是豪貴之家競相傳寫，<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>爲之紙貴。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4937" id="4946">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「子曰：『飽食終日，無所用心，難矣哉！不有博弈者乎？爲之，猶賢乎已。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4938" id="4947">〔八〕</a>按：據文意，闕字當爲「地」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4939" id="4948">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">東京賦</span>：原誤爲「東云小賦」。「跼高天，蹐厚地」：語出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">正月</span>：「謂天蓋高，不敢不局；謂地蓋厚，不敢不蹐。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「局本又作跼。」本指蜷曲不敢伸展。這裏謂小心謹慎，惶懼不安。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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後序
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133652" key="1133652"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 後序 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133653" key="1133653"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00815','1865882',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P815</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000035"><b>後序</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">禀學賜紫󲳴󲳴　󲳴贊󲳴述</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">草玄亭</span>沙門諱<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">光用</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東󲳴</span><span class="zhuanming">玄武縣</span>人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#4954" id="4949">〔一〕</a>。其先世習儒，素或陳力就列，或高尚其事，炳耀譜󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#4955" id="4950">〔二〕</a>，弗具詳󲳴。大師丱歲出家，弱冠受戒。游刃學海，以傳演爲󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴雅論。嘗陞座隱机，謂左右曰：「吾歷觀僧史高󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴研精究内外，然後能垂世立教，出類拔萃󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴翮隻輪，任重致遠，未之前聞。」乃於講習外，博覽群󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴深於大<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">春秋</span>。窮極天人，明白褒貶。當世名賢，皆服膺請業，造其門者，咸曰「登於龍門」。纂<span class="shuming">三國簡要志</span>十卷，原始要終，削<span class="zhuanming">陳壽</span>之繁冗也。撰<span class="shuming">錦鳳囊</span>十卷，隱括聖賢，奇言善行，無遺逸也。<span class="shuming">󲳴經摘題</span>十卷，裁󲳴篇章，鉤深索隱，史家之流也。五味子三󲳴󲳴󲳴語論󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴󲳴也。<span class="shuming">玉谿新槀</span>四十卷，謌詩󲳴……<a class="zhuhao" href="#4956" id="4951">〔三〕</a></span> </p><p> <span>行要堅深心要定，性<a class="zhuhao" href="#4957" id="4952">〔四〕</a>須慈忍量須寬<a class="zhuhao" href="#4958" id="4953">〔五〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">萬曆</span>丙子仲秋望日重裝</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00816','1865882',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P816</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">墨林</span><span class="zhuanming">項元汴</span>持誦</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4949" id="4954">〔一〕</a>按：底本漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本空兩格，實缺一字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4950" id="4955">〔二〕</a>按：缺字似爲「系」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4951" id="4956">〔三〕</a>按：「謌詩」後本行尚有一字，然缺損嚴重，不可識讀。本行爲本頁尾行，根據句意疑似有不足，故以省略號標示。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4952" id="4957">〔四〕</a>按：原作「念」字，塗去，旁邊改爲「性」字。字體相同，當爲<span class="zhuanming">項元汴</span>自改。參下注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#4953" id="4958">〔五〕</a>按：「行要堅深心要定念須慈忍量須寬」十四字起爲一頁，分兩行寫，行七字，字體與前不同。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本在「定」字後空缺十一字，不確。後有下面「<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">万曆</span>丙子仲秋望日重裝<span class="zhuanming">墨林</span><span class="zhuanming">項元汴</span>持誦」題記，前後字跡相同，當皆爲收藏者<span class="zhuanming">項元汴</span>所記。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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後序
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133652" key="1133652"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 後序 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133655" key="1133655"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00817','1865883',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P817</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000036"><b>北山録後序</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">殿中丞致仕<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>撰</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">唐憲宗</span>即位元年，建號<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>。于時文章彬鬱，類麟鸞虬虎，蘭桂珠貝，騰精露芒，溢區宇間。若<span class="zhuanming">韓退之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">柳子厚</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">元微之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">白居易</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉禹錫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">李觀</span>，悉以才刃勍造化，譬<span class="zhuanming">孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">起</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">翦</span>當<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>際，争武勇權術之勝也。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>，嘗閲史傳，及其遺編，必慨然興感，恨不得追其肩踵焉。今年春正月，被黜歸<span class="zhuanming">歙</span>。遘疾，寓<span class="zhuanming">武林</span>，鄰<span class="zhuanming">浄住律刹</span>。一日，僧<span class="zhuanming">惟賢</span>贄謁于陋止。始見之，温儼清邃，疑有所藴而來也。俄與之語，則志氣穎鋭，將欲脱去境照，漠然無礙。學書易風雅，春秋尤確，況本教乎？忽袖中出緗表五編，且曰：「此<span class="zhuanming">東蜀</span>紹<span class="zhuanming">竺乾</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>撰述也。」目之，爲<span class="shuming">北山録</span>。首之以<span class="shuming">艾儒</span>，終之以<span class="shuming">外信</span>，凡十六篇。「祕蓄三紀，恐失傳布，鍾蔽善之罰，曩慕君子公於其道，不諛於世態者，冀摭其可否爾？」<span class="zhuanming">濬</span>遂受之。</span> </p><p> <span>是夕弗就枕，燭以閲之，終三鼓，考其大概，以󲳴立空寂爲本，欲天下派歸于巨<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00818','1865883',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P818</span></i>壑也。會粹<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>經術，<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">列</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">荀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">管</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">班</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>之説，馳騖其間，約萬歧而趨一正。峙之則如山，渟之則如淵，變之則風霆，平之則權衡。其恢宏辯博，如是之甚矣。嗟夫，<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>丙戌迄聖<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年戊申二百六十三歲，而昔之大儒蔑一句稱謂以褒賁乎<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>。何也？蓋專其所守，不敢以徑隧生疵詬，非嫉其才能而。</span> </p><p> <span>然<span class="zhuanming">濬</span>生太平世，老尚廢棄，乏智略以佐天子，無利惠以濟生人，但修鍊以固其身，禪定以同其塵，故<span class="shuming">魯論</span>云：「我則異於是，無可無不可。」在乎今日也。是以嘉賢師行業勤整，能拔古人湮鬱於異代，罔剽取以飾己。後之衣縫掖輩，孰不靦顔於<span class="zhuanming">鄒</span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之門哉！冬十二月丁酉序于卷末。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
附録一　歷代主要解題著録
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133658" key="1133658"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録一　歷代主要解題著録 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133659" key="1133659"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00819','1865885',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P819</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000038">釋氏稽古略卷三</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北山法師</span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>著，盛行於世。至是<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>九年<span class="zhuanming">清</span>入寂。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="shuming">大正新修大藏經</span>本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
釋氏稽古略卷三
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133663" key="1133663"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録一　歷代主要解題著録 &gt; 釋氏稽古略卷三 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133659" key="1133659"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00819','1865885',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P819</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000038">釋氏稽古略卷三</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北山法師</span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>著，盛行於世。至是<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>九年<span class="zhuanming">清</span>入寂。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="shuming">大正新修大藏經</span>本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
清莫友芝撰、傅增湘訂補、傅熹年整理藏園訂補郘亭知見傳本書目卷十二
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133675" key="1133675"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録一　歷代主要解題著録 &gt; 清莫友芝撰、傅增湘訂補、傅熹年整理藏園訂補郘亭知見傳本書目卷十二 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133676" key="1133676"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00819','1865886',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P819</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000039">清莫友芝撰﹑傅增湘訂補﹑傅熹年整理藏園訂補郘亭知見傳本書目卷十二</p><p> <span>【補】<span class="shuming">北山録注</span>十卷　<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">釋神清</span>撰，󲳴<span class="zhuanming">釋慧寶</span>注。○<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>刊本，十三行二十四字，注雙行二十九至三十字不等，白口，左右雙闌。前有<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序，云據<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>本刊傳。又<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>後序，<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">項元汴</span>跋。缺卷四至六。○<span class="zhuanming">元</span>刊本，十二行二十四字，注雙行三十字，白口，左右雙闌。有<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序，十行十七字。存卷一至六。此二書配成完帙，已影印行世。</span> </p><p> <span>【補】<span class="shuming">北山録注解隨函</span>二卷　󲳴<span class="zhuanming">釋德珪</span>撰。○<span class="zhuanming">元</span>刊本，十二行二十四字，白口，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00820','1865886',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P820</span></i>左右雙闌。題「儀封縣平城村浄住子比丘德珪撰」。鈐<span class="zhuanming">明</span>「華亭朱氏文石山房藏書印」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>二○○九年版）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
真俗符第四
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133687" key="1133687"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第二 &gt; 真俗符第四 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133688" key="1133688"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00122','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P122</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000014">真俗符第四<span class="font12 zhu">冥契無爲之爲真，有相動用之爲俗。俗非真而莫興，真非俗而莫顯。真俗互依，有無相顯，故曰符。符，契也。</span></p><p> <span>昭機之士是有也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昭，顯也。依言論之教，歷修證之門也。</span> <span>冥機之士是其無也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">冥，默也。超言論之相，離作爲之境也。</span> <span>相反爲道，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">説真者於俗猶迷，存俗者於真未了，各執爲道。</span> <span>如隻輪騁衢，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00123','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P123</span></i>奇翰戾天，偕何得也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">奇，單也。翰，翼也。車本雙輪方轉，鳥以兩翼而飛。今於真俗若不圓通，如隻輪<a class="zhuhao" href="#691" id="683">〔一〕</a>之車，單翼之鳥也。偕，齊也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騁】馳也。【衢】其居切，街也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>曰：四達曰衢。【奇翰】上音羈，不偶也，虧也；下音寒，雞羽有五色。【戾】户計切，來至也，勢也。【偕】俱也。</span> <span>但道之不弘，爲物所宗，篾其攸濟，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">篾，無也。攸，所也。若不弘真俗之道，欲爲物之宗匠，必無所成也。濟，成也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弘】大也，廣也。【篾】莫結切，無也。</span> <span>故以真俗兩門爲道之樞緫。吹萬有於一指，静群動於絶眹，蕩蕩焉真可入不二法門之夷路也<a class="zhuhao" href="#692" id="684">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">攝萬有而入於一指趣，寂衆慮而泯其形兆，於所對則了然無滯。内外不取，中閒本無，此則入不二之門也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樞】本要也，門户扉樞。【緫】子孔切，約束也。【吹】平呼，吹嘘也。天之噫氣也。【眹】直引切，吉凶形兆謂之眹。</span> <span>何則？會極捐情之謂真，起微涉動之謂俗。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未必以造至極之境，便爲之真。涉有作之相，便謂之俗。豈期然乎？</span> <span>真也者，性空也<a class="zhuhao" href="#693" id="685">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂真性之空，圓成之理。</span> <span>俗也者，假有也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂依他幻有也。</span> <span>假有之有，謂之似有，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其法本無，仗緣而有，緣離却無，似其幻化之有。</span> <span>性空之空，謂之真空。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">真性之上，百非四相<a class="zhuhao" href="#694" id="686">〔四〕</a>，了然無得故也。</span> <span>故悟士立真，於俗相違，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">真即無爲，俗即有爲，二法不同故也。</span> <span>合真俗於不二。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">真者理也，俗者事也。事無理而不興，理無事而不顯。無俗不可言真，無理不可談事。不即不離，故爲不二也。</span> <span>中道洞照<a class="zhuhao" href="#695" id="687">〔五〕</a>，赫然玄會，未嘗有一事當情者也。夫如是，簡易之理于何不著？久大之業于何不備？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">繫辭</span>云：易則易知，簡則易從。易知則有親，易從則有功。順萬物之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00124','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P124</span></i>情，通天下之志，則能成可久可大之功<a class="zhuhao" href="#696" id="688">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洞】深也，曉也。【著】去聲，明也，立也，成定也。【久大之業】<span class="shuming">繫辭</span>云：可久則賢人之德，可大則賢人之業。【簡易󲳴易則易從】上󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#697" id="689">〔七〕</a>，下以豉切。</span> <span>雖僧祇云遠，法身無外，於焉悟哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">阿僧祇，此云無量也。自十信初發心至世第一末名初僧祇，從見道至第七地末名第二僧祇，從第八地至解脱道名第三僧祇。此三祇外，方得成佛，不亦遠乎？然法身之理，本來混融。迷悟雖殊，而非外得者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#698" id="690">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【於焉】上音烏，歎也。下於乾切，何也，安也。【阿僧祇】此云無數。一百二十中之一數也。【世第一末】諸本皆云未，字悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#683" id="691">〔一〕</a>輪：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「輸」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#684" id="692">〔二〕</a>萬有：猶萬物。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「天地一指也，萬物一馬也。」此謂天下雖大，一指可以蔽之；萬物雖多，一馬可以理盡，故無是無非。　絶眹：徵兆﹑跡象。　法門：修持入道的門徑。佛教謂佛所説的教義爲法，是衆生進入佛境的通道，有如進屋的門，故稱法門。不二法門指在佛教八萬四千法門之上，能直見聖道者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#685" id="693">〔三〕</a>性空：佛教謂衆緣和合而成的一切事物，其性本空，没有真實的自體可得。因緣和合而生的一切事物，究竟而無實體，叫做「空」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#686" id="694">〔四〕</a>百非：即否定所有的執著。意在拂除衆生的迷執，令悟入諸法無相不可得之理。百，概稱其多；非指非有﹑非無等種種否定。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷二一：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃，非有非無，非有爲非無爲。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃，非有非無，非有爲非無爲，非有漏非無漏，非色非不色，非名非不名，非相非不相，非有非不有，非物<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00125','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P125</span></i>非不物，非因非果，非待非不待，非明非闇，非出非不出，非常非不常，非斷非不斷，非始非終，非過去非未來非現在，非陰非不陰，非入非不入，非界非不界，非十二因緣非不十二因緣。非十二因緣，非不十二因緣。」　四相：生相﹑住相﹑異相和滅相。生相即萬物由無而有，住相即生相延續，異相即發生變異，滅相即由有歸無。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#687" id="695">〔五〕</a>中道：非空非有，亦空亦有，不落二邊，圓融無礙。<span class="shuming">中論</span>卷四：「衆因緣生法，我説即是無，亦名是假名，亦是中道義。」<span class="shuming">大方等大集經</span>卷四：「人中牛王斷二際，説中道義無有邊。」　洞照：明照。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷二九<span class="shuming">符瑞志下</span>：「黄暉洞照，宇宙開朗。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#688" id="696">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「乾以易知，坤以簡能。易則易知，簡則易從。易知則有親，易從則有功。有親則可久，有功則可大。可久則賢人之德，可大則賢人之業。易簡而天下之理得矣，天下之理得，而成位乎其中矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#689" id="697">〔七〕</a>按：兩闕文，原均爲空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#690" id="698">〔八〕</a>阿僧祇：又作「阿僧伽」﹑「阿僧企耶」等，意譯「不可算計」，或「無量數」，表示非常久遠的時間單位。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五一：「阿僧祇者，僧祇<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言數，阿<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言無。衆生諸法各各不可得邊，故名無數，數虚空十方，遠近不可得邊，故名無數。」菩薩成佛須經歷三阿僧祇劫，十信﹑十住﹑十行﹑十迴向四十位，爲初阿僧祇劫（第一阿僧祇），十地之中，自初地至第七地，爲第二阿僧祇劫，自八地至十地爲第三阿僧祇劫。　十信：大乘菩薩五十二位修行中的最初十位，是信順佛的教法而不疑之位次。其名稱﹑順序，諸經所説不一。依<span class="shuming">菩薩瓔珞本業經</span>卷上<span class="shuming">賢聖名字品</span>，分别爲信心﹑念心﹑精進心﹑慧心﹑定<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00126','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P126</span></i>心﹑不退心﹑迴向心﹑護法心﹑戒心﹑願心。　世第一：有漏智的極限，世俗法的頂點。<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷二三：「此有漏故，名爲世間。是最勝故，名爲第一。此有漏法，世間中勝，是故名爲世第一法。」　見道：亦稱見諦﹑見諦道，以無漏智現觀四諦，見照其理之修行階位。見道以前爲凡夫，入見道以後則爲聖者。菩薩由凡夫到成佛，一共要經過五十二個階位，即：十信﹑十住﹑十行﹑十迴向﹑十地﹑等覺﹑妙覺。</span> </p><p> <span>故萬象語其真，以空爲性。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">青青翠竹盡是真如，鬱鬱黄華無非般若。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鬱】於勿切，香草也。又，木發生也。</span> <span>辯其假，以有爲相。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">依他假即真空之相。</span> <span>既空假一質，二際無得，非中道如何？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">空是性，假是相。相不離性，性不離相，故云一質。二際者，二边也。二边無得，故契中道也。</span> <span>是以觀象之生也，不有自體，待彼衆緣。生既待緣，則象本無矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬象之法，本無自體。緣合而生，緣離而滅。若心法四緣，色法二緣，自不能生，則爲無體也<a class="zhuhao" href="#708" id="699">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【觀象】象通色心。</span> <span>根於空矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">假有之象，以空爲本。</span> <span>空含於象，待象以顯，顯既在象，則空爲象矣，象外無空矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無爲之空，含有爲之象。將顯無爲，必仗有爲。有爲則能顯，無爲則所顯也。</span> <span>譬諸水月，緣會則見，孰得謂之空也？形虚無在，孰得謂之有也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">月本在天，影流于水，誰言其空？水本無月，假影所流，誰得言有也？</span> <span>故聖人妙體有無之閒，能成有無之用，是謂至矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">是以聖人方了其體用<a class="zhuhao" href="#709" id="700">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>云：有爲如幻化，無爲如空花也<a class="zhuhao" href="#710" id="701">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">掌珍論</span>云：有爲之法猶如幻化，本非有故。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00127','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P127</span></i>無爲之法猶若空花，定不起故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#711" id="702">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>夫幻法假有，蓋以有而適無<a class="zhuhao" href="#712" id="703">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">兔角本無，幻師以手巾而假有。離手巾外，都無兔角。猶有爲之法，仗衆緣而假有。離衆緣外，假法元無，則是以有而適無也。</span> <span>空花本無，蓋以無而似有。無而似有，湛乎真際。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">真性本無不起，猶若空花。爲與<a class="zhuhao" href="#713" id="704">〔六〕</a>有爲，作依所以似有，了此似有本無，即是湛然真際也<a class="zhuhao" href="#714" id="705">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>有而適無，復歸無物。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若以有爲假有之法，緣散歸元，即本無物也。</span> <span>叩兩喻以表法，則法無所在矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">兩喻：幻法以喻真性有爲也，以空花喻真性無爲也。</span> <span>但善文字者，得其徼而不得其數；善心學者，知其極而不知其象。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">物生有象，象然後有數。徼者邊也，極者終也。尋文之徒，雖得邊徼之小逕，而不得其指歸之揔數。傳心印者，雖得終極之妙門，復不知原始之兆象也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徼】澆音﹑呌音，小道也。<span class="shuming">道經</span>云：「常有，欲以觀其徼。」【極】中也。</span> <span>守兩崖而不泯，患在此焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一則緣文字而著有，一則斥衆相而著空。各守一岸之邊，豈達中道之逕也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【守兩崖】高岸也。崇各執爲究竟彼岸，故曰兩崖。【斥】逐也。</span> <span>故滯有者濫於常，沉空者涉於斷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">計有者執諸法是常，若外道計四遍常等。又小乘計一切有等。執空者，如外道計七斷滅論等，又吾宗亦有撥諸法全空等<a class="zhuhao" href="#715" id="706">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【四遍常等】六十，見經廣説。</span> <span>與其涉斷，寧與濫常。常則有法可脩，斷則無善不棄，棄則當乎邪見<a class="zhuhao" href="#716" id="707">〔九〕</a>，脩則漸乎真道矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如以菩提﹑涅槃皆撥爲空等，故云寧可著有如<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>，不可撥空如芥子。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【與】黨也，善也。【涉】歷也，徒行度水也。【寧】去呼，願也。【漸】音尖，入也。又上聲，次也，進也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00128','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P128</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#699" id="708">〔一〕</a>四緣：因緣﹑次第緣﹑緣緣﹑增上緣。色法的生起，祇須因緣和增上緣；心法的生起，則須四緣具足。一切諸法，分爲色心二法。色法是指一切有形的物質，心法是指一切無形的精神。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#700" id="709">〔二〕</a>體用：體即體性，指諸法的實相；用即作用，指因果之諸法。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷三下：「體即實相，無有分别。用即立一切法，差降不同，如大地一，生種種芽。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#701" id="710">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>：六世紀時<span class="zhuanming">南印度</span><span class="zhuanming">秣剌耶山</span>人，承<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>中觀學説，作<span class="shuming">大乘掌珍論</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">馱那羯磔迦國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">婆毗吠伽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>。……論師雅量廣遠，至德深邃。外示<span class="zhuanming">僧佉</span>之服，内弘<span class="zhuanming">龍猛</span>之學。」　有爲：又稱有爲法，有所作爲﹑造作之意。即一切處於相互聯繫﹑生滅變化中的現象，而以生﹑住﹑異﹑滅四有之相爲其特徵。　幻化：幻術變化，比喻並非實有。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷七：「生死流轉，猶如幻化。」<span class="shuming">維摩詰經</span><span class="shuming">弟子品</span>：「一切諸法，如幻化相。」　無爲：謂本來恒存，無因緣造作，亦即無生﹑住﹑異﹑滅四相之造作。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#702" id="711">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">掌珍論</span>：即<span class="shuming">大乘掌珍論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>造，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯。破斥外道﹑小乘﹑大乘有宗，明諸法無相之義。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#703" id="712">〔五〕</a>幻法：幻化之法。佛教認爲諸法萬物，皆由因緣和合而生，譬如魔術幻化之法，皆非實有。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷六：「譬如幻化象馬，及種種物，雖知無實，然色可見，聲可聞，與六情相對，不相錯亂。諸法亦如是，雖空而可見可聞，不相錯亂。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#704" id="713">〔六〕</a>與：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「焉」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#705" id="714">〔七〕</a>真性：本體本來具有的不生不滅的真實本性。<span class="shuming">大佛頂萬行首楞嚴經</span>卷一：「前塵虚妄相想，惑汝真性。」<span class="shuming">壇經</span><span class="shuming">般若品</span>：「一切般若智，皆從自性而生，不從外入，莫錯用意，名爲真性自用。」　湛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00129','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P129</span></i>然：清澈貌。　真際：真實情況。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#706" id="715">〔八〕</a>四遍常：又作「遍常論」﹑「四遍常見論」，外道所執六十二種錯誤見解中的四種「常見」。<span class="shuming">成唯識論述記</span>卷六末記載四遍常論：一﹑以禪定之故，能憶念過去二十成壞劫之事，彼便執著我與世間皆爲常住不壞；二﹑以禪定之故，能憶念過去四十成壞劫之事，彼便執著我與世間皆爲常住不壞；三﹑以禪定之故，能憶念過去八十成壞劫之事，彼便執著我與世間皆爲常住不壞；四﹑由天眼之故，能見諸有情之死時﹑生時諸藴之相續流轉，然不能如實了知諸行之刹那生滅，彼遂執著我與世間皆爲常住不壞。　一切有：説一切有部，是小乘二十部之一。佛滅後三百年初，自根本之上座部别立者。立有爲無爲一切諸法之實有，且一一説明其因由爲宗，故稱「説一切有部」。　七斷滅論：即七事斷滅宗，外道十六宗之一，又稱「七斷見論」等。主張<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>身﹑<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>諸天﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>諸天及四無色處等七處死後完全斷滅﹑空無的外道。在六十二種錯誤見解中，列爲第七見。<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論</span>卷二○○：「七斷滅論者，一﹑作是念：此我有色，麤四大種所造爲性，死後斷滅，畢竟無有。齊此，名爲我正斷滅。彼見此生受胎爲初，死時爲後，便作是念：我受胎時，本無而有，若至死位，有已還無，名善斷滅。二﹑作是念：此我<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>天，死後斷滅，畢竟無有。齊此，名爲我正斷滅。彼作是念：我既不因産門而生，本無而有，有已還無，如彗星等，名善斷滅。三﹑作是念：此我<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>天，死後斷滅，畢竟無有。齊此，名爲我正斷滅。彼作是念：我既不因産門而生，本無而有，由等至力，有已還無，名善斷滅。或有説者，此三斷見，皆緣已離初静慮染有情而起。彼斷見者，雖已得定，而未能離初静慮染，所發天眼，唯見下地。前三有情，既命終已，皆生上地。所受中有﹑生有﹑等身，非彼境界，便作是<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00130','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P130</span></i>念：得静慮者，既命終已，悉皆斷滅。四﹑作是念：此我空無邊處天，死後斷滅，畢竟無有。齊此，名爲我正斷滅。五﹑作是念：此我識無邊處天，死後斷滅，畢竟無有。齊此，名爲我正斷滅。六﹑作是念：此我無所有處天，死後斷滅，畢竟無有。齊此，名爲我正斷滅。七﹑作是念：此我非想非非想處天，死後斷滅，畢竟無有。齊此，名爲我正斷滅。此中後四，有執空無邊處爲生死頂，乃至有執非想非非想處爲生死頂。若執空無邊處爲生死頂，彼執空無邊處死後無有，名善斷滅。乃至若執非想非非想處爲生死頂，彼執非想非非想處死後無有，名善斷滅。如是七種後際分别諸斷滅論，依前所説七事而起。如是七種，皆説死後，故是後際分别見攝。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#707" id="716">〔九〕</a>邪見：佛教謂否認因果報應的見解。因以「邪見」稱一切外道邪法。</span> </p><p> <span>今有封於喪有取空爲至極之門者<a class="zhuhao" href="#728" id="717">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如近代説禪滯於喪有之道者，便全執空爲至極之道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【滯】得也，疑也，不通也。</span> <span>試問：此空爲可取乎？爲不可取乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">設爾何失。</span> <span>若有空可取，則空便是有。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">空既可取，豈不是有？</span> <span>蓋是以封執之心，取混茫之空<a class="zhuhao" href="#729" id="718">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此但滅蕩然之空也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【混茫】混沌渺茫，言不可執捉也。</span> <span>何關脩行見性之理歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#730" id="719">〔三〕</a>？若空不可取，則與有俱遣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有亦不可取，與空何别？</span> <span>既與有俱遣，則亦與有俱存。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有既不可取，存空遣於有，空亦不可取。何妨亦存有？</span> <span>何獨存空道歟？夫能雙遣雙存，蕩然無累，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居相則空有不無，混真則有無俱泯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【累】事相干累及也。</span> <span>始曰大士之正觀，道場之玄照矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#731" id="720">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">離二取相故，名實住唯識<a class="zhuhao" href="#732" id="721">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>云：譬有適異國者，館於逆旅，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">逆旅，客舍也。</span> <span>逆旅主人享之以肴。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00131','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P131</span></i>飯方撤，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">撤，去也。謂收飯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【享】餉也。【肴】胡茅切，凡非穀而食曰肴。【撤】丑列切，去也。</span> <span>賓作而辭曰：何有哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">見食美而起致問也。</span> <span>主人曰：吾國有醬故也。彼退而私曰：醬與味合而猶至是，矧若獨爲味乎？乃宣主人之惠也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">宣，明也。謂明憶主人之言也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【私】自言也。【猶】尚也。【是】此也。【矧】音哂，況也。</span> <span>由是，陰於鬻醬家</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陰，暗也。鬻，賣也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鬻】音育，賣也。</span> <span>貪恣己求，處無人之室，屬饜而食<a class="zhuhao" href="#733" id="722">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">屬饜，飽縱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【處】上聲，居也。【屬】音燭，會也，足也。【饜】音厭，飽也。</span> <span>鹹，過渴而死。夫以偏空爲道者，亦卒以空爲害矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#734" id="723">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">滯而不通，故爲害也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【過】音戈，餘也。【卒】子聿切，盡也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">中觀</span>云：若人見有空，諸佛所不化<a class="zhuhao" href="#735" id="724">〔八〕</a>。畏其著斷之誡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【中觀】下平，察也。又去聲，想念也。【著】直略切，堅執也。</span> <span>經云：<span class="zhuanming">勝意比丘</span>聞<span class="zhuanming">喜根</span>説婬怒癡是道，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">喜根菩薩</span>説婬怒癡爲道者，如言先以欲鈎牽，後令入佛智等<a class="zhuhao" href="#736" id="725">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span>不平其理，忿慢是生，<span class="zhuanming">喜根</span>觀乎他世有益，强授不忌<a class="zhuhao" href="#737" id="726">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今雖未達，終爲他世之善因也。忌，怨也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【平】正也。或評字，量也。【忌】渠記切，畏也，惡也。【經云】<span class="shuming">諸法無行</span>説此因緣。</span> <span>但今邪見者誤執其文，以爲名相皆空，爲惡不怍<a class="zhuhao" href="#738" id="727">〔一一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">怍，慚也。聞説空言，不得其意，便撥名相，皆空而不慚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惡】烏各切，足也。【怍】疾各切，慚也，顔色變也。</span> <span>豈得經之意？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#717" id="728">〔一〕</a>封：局限。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#718" id="729">〔二〕</a>封執：固執，執著。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「其次以爲有物矣，而未始有封也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「初學大賢，鄰乎<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00132','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P132</span></i>聖境，雖復見空有之異，而未曾封執。」　混茫：混沌﹑迷茫。亦作「混芒」。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">繕性</span>：「古之人，在混芒之中。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏曰：「其時淳風未散，故處在混沌芒昧之中。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#719" id="730">〔三〕</a>見性：徹見自心的佛性。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">壇經</span>：「聞其頓教，不信外修，但於自心，自起本性，常起正見，一切煩惱﹑塵勞﹑衆生，當時盡悟。猶如大海，納於衆流，小水大水，合爲一體，即是見性。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#720" id="731">〔四〕</a>正觀：指真正之觀。謂心境相應，以正慧了知真如。　玄照：微妙地鑒照（事理）。<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span><span class="shuming">明佛論</span>：「夫聖神玄照，而無思營之識者，由心與物絶，唯神而已。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#721" id="732">〔五〕</a>唯識：謂世間諸法，皆爲心識所變現。因一切法，皆不離心識，故名「唯識」，又稱「唯心」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#722" id="733">〔六〕</a>恣：放縱。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一○下：「恣，縱也。」　屬：足。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公二十八年</span>：「願以小人之腹，爲君子之心，屬厭而已。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「屬，足也，言小人之腹飽猶知厭足，君子之心宜亦然。」饜：飽。亦作「厭」。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">晉語九</span>：「主之既食，願以小人之腹，爲君子之心，屬饜而已。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「饜，飽也。」屬饜即飽足也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#723" id="734">〔七〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷一八：「譬如田舍人，初不識鹽，見貴人以鹽著種種肉菜中而食，問言：『何以故爾？』語言：『此鹽，能令諸物味美故。』此人便念：『此鹽能令諸物美，自味必多。』便空抄鹽，滿口食之。鹹苦傷口而問言：『汝何以言鹽能作美？』貴人言：『癡人！此當籌量多少，和之令美。云何純食鹽？』無智人聞空解脱門，不行諸功德，但欲得空。是爲邪見，斷諸善根。」又<span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷一「愚人食鹽喻」：「昔有愚人，至於他家。主人與食，嫌淡無味。主人聞已，更爲益鹽。既得鹽美，便自念言：『所以美者，緣有鹽故。少有尚爾，況復多也？』愚人無智，便空食鹽。食已口爽，返爲其患。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00133','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P133</span></i>譬彼外道，聞節飲食可以得道，即便斷食，或經七日，或十五日，徒自困餓，無益於道。如彼愚人，以鹽美故，而空食之。致令口爽，此亦復爾。」亦與此相類耳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#724" id="735">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">大乘中觀釋論</span>卷九：「遣有故説空，令出離諸見。若或見有空，諸佛所不化。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#725" id="736">〔九〕</a>欲：即引起人們貪愛的心。欲有正欲和邪欲，正欲是追求真理，邪欲是貪愛五欲。　婬怒癡：即貪嗔癡。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷五：「無量劫中，被婬怒癡煩惱毒箭，受大苦切。」　佛智：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>的智慧。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷四六：「佛智慧有二種：一者無上正智，名阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。二者一切種智，名薩般若。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#726" id="737">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">諸法無行經</span>卷下：「爾時復有比丘法師行菩薩道，名曰<span class="zhuanming">勝意</span>。其<span class="zhuanming">勝意比丘</span>，護持禁戒，得四禪四無色定，行十二頭陀。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">勝意比丘</span>有諸弟子，其心輕動，樂見他過。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，後於一時，<span class="zhuanming">勝意菩薩</span>入聚落乞食，誤到<span class="zhuanming">喜根</span>弟子家，見舍主居士子，即到其所，敷座而坐。爲居士子，稱讚少欲，知足細行。説無利語過，讚歎遠衆，樂獨行者。又於居士子前説<span class="zhuanming">喜根法師</span>過失。是比丘不實以邪見道，教化衆生，是雜行者。説婬欲無障礙，瞋恚無障礙，愚癡無障礙，一切諸法，皆無障礙。是居士子利根得無生法忍，即語<span class="zhuanming">勝意比丘</span>：『大德，汝知貪欲爲是何法？』<span class="zhuanming">勝意</span>言：『居士，我知貪欲是煩惱。』居士子言：『大德，是煩惱爲在内在外耶？』<span class="zhuanming">勝意</span>言：『不在内不在外。』『大德，若貪欲不在内不在外，不在東西南北四維上下十方者，即是無生。若無生者，云何言若垢若浄？』爾時<span class="zhuanming">勝意比丘</span>瞋恚不喜，從座起去，作如是言：『是<span class="zhuanming">喜根比丘</span>以妄語法多惑衆人。』……是時<span class="zhuanming">勝意比丘</span>出其舍已，還到所止，衆僧中見<span class="zhuanming">喜根菩薩</span>，語衆人言：『是比丘多以虚妄邪見，教化衆生，所謂婬欲非障<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00134','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P134</span></i>礙，瞋恚非障礙，愚癡非障礙，一切法非障礙。』爾時<span class="zhuanming">喜根菩薩</span>作是念：『是比丘今者必當起於障礙罪業，我今當爲説如是深法，乃至令作修助菩提道法因緣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#727" id="738">〔一一〕</a>名相：事物的名稱相狀。耳可聞謂之名，眼可見謂之相。佛教認爲名相虚幻非實，凡夫分别種種名相而起妄想執迷。<span class="shuming">楞伽阿跋多羅寶經</span>卷四：「愚癡凡夫，隨名相流。」</span> </p><p> <span>然而<span class="shuming">書</span>曰「皇建有極，會其有極。歸其有極，皇大極中」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#752" id="739">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">凡立事當用大中之道。此與<span class="shuming">尚書</span>文小異爾。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皇建】大中也。</span> <span>大中之道，非聖人莫能庶幾行之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">大中之道，謂九疇也：一曰五行，二曰敬用五事，三曰農用八政，四曰協用五紀，五曰建用皇極，六曰乂用三德，七曰明用稽疑，八曰念用庶徵，九曰饗用五福，威用六極，此九也，聖人君子帝王也<a class="zhuhao" href="#753" id="740">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庶幾】幸望也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「中庸其至矣乎！」<a class="zhuhao" href="#754" id="741">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮記</span>第十六有<span class="shuming">中庸</span>篇。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【中庸】<span class="shuming">語</span>曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#755" id="742">〔四〕</a>：「中庸之爲德也，其至德乎，民鮮久矣。」【中】平和也。</span> <span>庸，常也，用中爲常道也。故皇極者，萬化之中中也；中庸者，亦萬化之中中也<a class="zhuhao" href="#756" id="743">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂萬物者，各有道在其中。</span> <span>爲至德之性也，爲萬物之形容也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲萬化之主張，陰陽之真宰也。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>云：「三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">老子</span><span class="shuming">道經</span>第十一章文也。三十輻者衆也，一轂者少也。以少揔衆也。此舉轅廂有體之法，而資無體之用也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輻】音福。【轂】音谷，車頭。【無】空虚也。下字准解。</span> <span>埏埴以爲器，當其無，有器之用。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">埏，和也。埴，土也。和土爲瓦器，是<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00135','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P135</span></i>有。以内空處，有盛物之用也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【埏】音羶，又音延，和土也。【埴】音植，黏土也。</span> <span>故有之以爲器，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如有爲事法也。</span> <span>無之以爲用<a class="zhuhao" href="#757" id="744">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如無爲假有爲，事法而顯也。</span> <span>無則中也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以中喻至道。</span> <span>中示一也。故曰：「天得一以清，地得一以寧。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#758" id="745">〔七〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">老子</span>第三十九章文。物得道用，故天清而地寧。用失則實喪也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【得一】一元氣也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「神無方而易無體」。<a class="zhuhao" href="#759" id="746">〔八〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">繫辭</span>文。神乃陰陽不測，易則唯變所之，不可以一方一體而明之也。</span> <span>又曰：「一陰一陽之謂道。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#760" id="747">〔九〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">道者寂然無體之稱。陰陽雖殊，無一以待之。在陰以無陰，陰以生之。在陽爲無陽，陽以成之。故曰一陰一陽也。</span> <span>但揭厲有深淺，而三門之説異矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#761" id="748">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">論語</span>云：深則厲，淺則揭。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：以衣涉水爲厲。若深則和衣而入也。淺則揭，揭衣也。淺揭喻行道觀之有淺深也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揭厲】上音憩，水淺褰衣入曰揭，深則和衣入曰厲。音例。【三】<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>儒道三門。或初説有﹑次説空﹑後説非有非空。</span> <span>夫秉大中於内，行德教於外，天地和平，鬼神不靈。故<span class="zhuanming">大庭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">赫胥</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#762" id="749">〔一一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆󲳴󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#763" id="750">〔一二〕</a>之前治之君也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三皇之前】<span class="shuming">初學記</span>叙<span class="zhuanming">女媧</span>有一十五代，謂<span class="zhuanming">共工氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大庭氏</span>等。</span> <span>得環中之術，揔萬化於無爲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#764" id="751">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不親其親，不子其子，無爲而自化也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#739" id="752">〔一〕</a>參<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">洪範</span>。文字出入較大。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#740" id="753">〔二〕</a>疇：類。　五行：水﹑火﹑木﹑金﹑土。　五事：貌（容儀）﹑言（詞章）﹑視（觀正）﹑聽（察是非）﹑思（心慮所行）。貌曰恭，言曰從，視曰明，聽曰聰，思曰睿。恭作肅，從作乂，明作哲，聰作謀，睿作<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00136','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P136</span></i>聖。　八政：食﹑貨﹑祀﹑司空﹑司徒﹑司寇﹑賓﹑師。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">洪範</span>「農用八政」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>正義：「八政者，人主施政教於民有八事也。一曰食，教民使勤農業也。二曰貨，教民使求資用也。三曰祀，教民使敬鬼神也。四曰司空之官，主空土以居民也。五曰司徒之官，教衆民以禮義也。六曰司寇之官，詰治民之姦盜也。七曰賓，教民以禮待賓客相往來也。八曰師，立師防寇賊，以安保民也。」　五紀：歲﹑月﹑日﹑星辰﹑曆數。　皇極：皇，大；極，中也。　三德：正直﹑剛克﹑柔克。克，勝也。　稽疑：用卜筮來决疑。　庶徵：曰雨，曰暘，曰燠，曰寒，曰風。　五福：壽﹑富﹑康寧﹑攸好德﹑考終命。　六極：一曰凶﹑短﹑折，二曰疾，三曰憂，四曰貧，五曰惡，六曰弱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#741" id="754">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「子曰：『中庸其至矣乎！民鮮能久矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#742" id="755">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">語</span>：指<span class="shuming">論語</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>引<span class="shuming">論語</span>，多簡稱爲「<span class="shuming">語</span>」。此引文見<span class="shuming">雍也篇</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#743" id="756">〔五〕</a>中中：不偏不倚貌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#744" id="757">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用。埏埴以爲器，當其無，有器之用。鑿户牖以爲室，當其無，有室之用。故有之以爲利，無之以爲用。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#745" id="758">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「昔之得一者：天得一以清，地得一以寧，神得一以靈，谷得一以盈，萬物得一以生，侯王得一以爲天下正。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#746" id="759">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「範圍天地之化而不過，曲成萬物而不遺，通乎晝夜之道而知，故神無方而易無體。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#747" id="760">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「一陰一陽之謂道。繼之者善也，成之者性也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#748" id="761">〔一○〕</a>揭厲：涉渡。原出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">匏有苦葉</span>：「匏有苦葉，濟有深涉。深則厲，淺則揭。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「子擊<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00137','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P137</span></i>磬於<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>。有荷蕢而過<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>之門者，曰：『有心哉，擊磬乎！』既而曰：『鄙哉，硜硜乎！莫己知也，斯已而已矣。深則厲，淺則揭。』子曰：『果哉，末之難矣！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#749" id="762">〔一一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大庭</span>：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十八年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>皆火，<span class="zhuanming">梓慎</span>登<span class="zhuanming">大庭氏</span>之庫以望之。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">大庭氏</span>，古國名，在<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>城内，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>於其處作庫。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「先儒舊説皆云<span class="zhuanming">炎帝</span>號<span class="zhuanming">神農氏</span>，一曰<span class="zhuanming">大庭氏</span>。」<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">容成氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大庭氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯皇氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">中央氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">栗陸氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">驪畜氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">軒轅氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">赫胥氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">尊盧氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">祝融氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伏犧氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">神農氏</span>，當是時也，民結繩而用之。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「已上十二氏，並上古帝王也。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">古今人表</span>作「大廷氏」。<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「廷，讀曰庭。」　<span class="zhuanming">赫胥</span>：<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">馬蹄</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">赫胥氏</span>之時，民居不知所爲，行不知所之，含哺而熙，鼓腹而遊，民能以此矣。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">赫胥</span>，上古帝王也。亦言有赫然之德，使民胥附，蓋<span class="zhuanming">炎帝</span>也。」亦稱「<span class="zhuanming">赫蘇氏</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#750" id="763">〔一二〕</a>此兩字底本中在一頁之首行末尾，漫漶不清。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本亦作闕文。據<span class="shuming">隨函</span>所引，當爲「三皇」兩字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#751" id="764">〔一三〕</a>環中：圓環的中心。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「彼是莫得其偶，謂之道樞。樞始得其環中，以應無窮。是亦一無窮，非亦一無窮也。」<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>用以喻指无是无非的境地。<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「夫是非反覆，相尋無窮，故謂之環。環中，空矣；今以是非爲環而得其中者，無是無非也。無是無非，故能應夫是非。是非無窮，故應亦無窮。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">魯桓</span>之廟，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>則<span class="zhuanming">魯惠公</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">隱公</span>弟，<span class="zhuanming">仲子</span>所生者。</span> <span>有欹器焉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">形如小瓦甕，以之盛水，虚則欹。欹，傾也。中則正，滿則覆。喻守中正也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【欹器】上去，奇乃宗廟宥生之器。【覆】音福。敗也，例也。</span> <span>示人以中正之表<a class="zhuhao" href="#769" id="765">〔一〕</a>。夫中則正，正則虚。滿合度，超然特植。始在于目，而畢<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00138','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P138</span></i>應乎心，淵而諒矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#770" id="766">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">特樹之者，令初視之於目而終悟之於心，玄而可信也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【特植】特，獨也。植，立也。【淵】默也，深也。【諒】信也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">書</span>曰：「剛而無虐，簡而無慠。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#771" id="767">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">舜典</span>文也。剛失入虐，簡失入慠。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虐】殘酷也。【慠】義到切，慢倨也。</span> <span>子温而厲，威而不猛<a class="zhuhao" href="#772" id="768">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">論語</span>文。温和也，又嚴厲也，雖嚴而又不猛烈也。</span> <span>皆聖人君子，權衡物理，心融事會，而不失其中也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已上雖外典所明，皆取其中庸之義也。<span class="zhuanming">北山和尚</span>意指學空學有者，宜得其中。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【權衡】上秤錘也，下横木也。所以平物輕重也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#765" id="769">〔一〕</a>中正：不偏不倚。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">吕刑</span>：「明啓刑書，胥占，咸庶中正。」　表：標誌，榜樣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#766" id="770">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">宥坐</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>觀於<span class="zhuanming">魯桓公</span>之廟，有欹器焉，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>問於守廟者曰：『此爲何器？』守廟者曰：『此蓋爲宥坐之器。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾聞宥坐之器者，虚則欹，中則正，滿則覆。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>顧謂弟子曰：『注水焉。』弟子挹水而注之。中而正，滿而覆，虚而欹，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>喟然而歎曰：『吁！惡有滿而不覆者哉！』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『敢問持滿有道乎？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『聰明聖知，守之以愚；功被天下，守之以讓；勇力撫世，守之以怯；富有四海，守之以謙。此所謂挹而損之之道也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#767" id="771">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「帝曰：<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>！命汝典樂，教胄子。直而温，寬而栗，剛而無虐，簡而無傲。詩言志，歌永言，聲依永，律和聲。八音克諧，無相奪倫，神人以和。<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>曰：於！予擊石拊石，百獸率舞。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#768" id="772">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「子温而厲，威而不猛，恭而安。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">智論</span>以大士觀於色空，如屠牛師弟子<a class="zhuhao" href="#776" id="773">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大智度論</span>文，與<span class="shuming">莊子</span>文意全同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【屠】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00139','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P139</span></i>殺也，裂也。<span class="shuming">尸子</span>云：屠者割肉知牛之少長也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>以爲<span class="zhuanming">庖丁</span>解牛，目無全牛。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">庖丁</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">文惠君</span>解牛，手之所觸，肩之所倚，足之所履，膝之所踦，砉然嚮然，奏刀騞然，莫不中音，合於<span class="shuming">桑林</span>之舞，乃中<span class="shuming">經首</span>之會。以神遇而不以目視，以一刀十九年解數千牛，刀刃若新發於硎者。彼節有閒而刀刃無厚，以無厚入有閒，恢恢乎其於遊刃必有餘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#777" id="774">〔二〕</a>。此乃<span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>寓言況道也，取其利用不滯之意。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庖】薄交切，食廚也。【踦】與掎同，居綺切，牽一脚也，偏引也。【砉】霍虢切，砉然，物相離聲也。【騞】與劃同，呼麥切，破物也。【硎】音形，砥也。【寓】寄也。</span> <span>夫何故耶？牛之質，戴角垂胡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">胡，項肉也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【胡】牛頷垂也。</span> <span>有也。骨節閒，無也。無厚之刃入有閒之軀，安得不恢恢焉？何牛之有也？屠牛師昭其易也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未解牛時，所見無非牛者。三年之後，未嘗見全牛，以神遇者也。</span> <span>屠牛師弟子昭其難也。其猶良庖族庖，更刀有近久也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">良庖歲更刀，割也。族庖月更刀，扸也。與十九年刀異也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【族】宗也。【更】改也。【拆】拆也。</span> <span>故體中者，不以實物爲礙，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">得其道者，物不能礙也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">妙高</span>納於芥，實委瀚注於豪隙，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">委瀚，海也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【委】積也。【翰】音汗，北海也。【隙】牖壁之孔也。</span> <span>誠可得而易矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">浄名經</span>意<a class="zhuhao" href="#778" id="775">〔三〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#773" id="776">〔一〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷四八：「菩薩摩訶薩觀身四大，作是念：身中有地大﹑水大﹑火大﹑風大，譬如屠牛師。若屠牛弟子，以刀殺牛，分作四分，作四分已，若立若坐，觀此四分。菩薩摩訶薩亦如是。行般若波羅蜜時，種種觀身四大，地大﹑水大﹑火大﹑風大。」此喻佛經中多見，如<span class="shuming">增壹阿含經</span>卷五：「復次，比丘，還觀此身，有地種耶？水﹑火﹑風種耶？如是，比丘，觀此身。復次，比丘，觀此身，分别<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00140','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P140</span></i>諸界，此身有四種，猶如巧能屠牛之士。若屠牛弟子，解牛節，解而自觀，見此是脚，此是心，此是節，此是頭。如是，彼比丘分别此界，而自觀察此身有地﹑水﹑火﹑風種。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#774" id="777">〔二〕</a>按：以上<span class="zhuanming">庖丁</span>解牛文見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">養生主</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#775" id="778">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">浄名經</span>：即<span class="shuming">維摩詰經</span>。<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">浄名</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>云：「兕無所投其角，虎無所措其爪，兵無所容其刃。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#783" id="779">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">此不求害物，無害心也。故無投角﹑措爪﹑容刃之所矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【兕】音似。出<span class="zhuanming">湘水</span>之南，形如野牛，蒼黑色，一角，重千斤。【投】合也。【措】舉也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云：「大浸稽天而不溺，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">大浸，海也。稽，同也。<span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>文。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【稽】音雞，同也。又音啓，至也。</span> <span>大旱金石流土山燋而不熱。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#784" id="780">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">不爲寒暑而遷其相，不爲世物而奪其操也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>見<span class="zhuanming">吕梁</span>丈人懸流三十仞，恃忠信而游泳<a class="zhuhao" href="#785" id="781">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七尺爲仞。恃忠信之道，而不懼險阻也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【吕梁】<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span><span class="zhuanming">吕縣</span>石生水中，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>决而通之。民所由得渡，故曰<span class="zhuanming">吕梁</span>。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：石絶水曰梁也。【游泳】潛行水中也。</span> <span>豈不皆以含大中之理，和品物之性，而能至於此耶？故蹈水赴火，觸刃履危，身能輕舉，耳可洞聽，目可徹視，正由心虚而已<a class="zhuhao" href="#786" id="782">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">老子</span>云：虚其心，實其腹。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洞】渾也。【徹】音轍，明也，通也。【虚其心】泊然内寂，嗜欲頓消。【實其腹】道德内充，五神安静。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#779" id="783">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「出生入死。生之徒，十有三；死之徒，十有三；人之生，動之於死地，亦十有三。夫何故？以其生生之厚。蓋聞善攝生者，陸行不遇兕虎，入軍不被甲兵。兕無所投其角，虎無所措其爪，兵無所容其刃。夫何故？以其無死地。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00141','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P141</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#780" id="784">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「之人也，物莫之傷，大浸稽天而不溺，大旱金石流﹑土山焦而不熱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#781" id="785">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">達生</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>觀於<span class="zhuanming">吕梁</span>，縣水三十仞，流沫四十里，黿鼉魚鱉之所不能游也。見一丈夫游之，以爲有苦而欲死也，使弟子並流而拯之。數百步而出，被髮行歌而游於塘下。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>從而問焉，曰：『吾以子爲鬼，察子則人也。請問：蹈水有道乎？』曰：『亡，吾無道。吾始乎故，長乎性，成乎命。與齊俱入，與汩偕出，從水之道而不爲私焉。此吾所以蹈之也。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『何謂始乎故，長乎性，成乎命？』曰：『吾生於陵而安於陵，故也；長於水而安于水，性也；不知吾所以然而然，命也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#782" id="786">〔四〕</a>洞：透徹，清楚。　徹：透徹。</span> </p><p> <span>夫心虚故不逆於萬物，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無彼我而接之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#788" id="787">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span>萬物亦與我玄順。浩然之性，無往不合。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">虚心求物，所遇玄會也。</span> <span>且夫水火，物之害也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">水能漂溺，火能焚爇，皆是物之害也。</span> <span>而鱗育於泉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">魚龍得水以生。</span> <span>獸生於火，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如有火鼠﹑火龜，皆生於火中。</span> <span>彼豈假禦水火之術乎？但性合於燥濕，氣同於寒燠，故相容而不相違，相生而不相害，誠則全也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既不相傷，則信水火能全於物。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【燠】於六切，又於到切，熱也，熱在中也。</span> <span>況有道者而德全於萬類乎？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#787" id="788">〔一〕</a>彼我：謂心存彼我之别，而生争强鬭勝之心。</span> </p><p> <span>故大士以此心學，目之曰禪。禪者，静慮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語三摩呬多，此云静慮，此定能止寂心慮也。</span> <span>外境不足以遷情，目之曰定<a class="zhuhao" href="#791" id="789">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云三昧，此云正定。</span> <span>定者，專一也。其有以身即佛，屏除像設，居<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>之位者，誠愚悖虐己者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪之徒<a class="zhuhao" href="#792" id="790">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【屏】上聲，除也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00142','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P142</span></i> <span>苟誠之以水火，寧得多其幸而免哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若投之於水火，又豈能逃於害乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【幸】凶而遇吉。</span> <span>下識惑其游言，不理其實行。附瞽而求直路，難已矣！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如盲引盲之類也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【浮】游也。【理】正也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#789" id="791">〔一〕</a>禪：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語「禪那」之略，意譯「思惟修」﹑「静慮」。　定：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語「三昧」之譯，心定止一境而離散動之義。即一心考物爲禪，一境静念爲定。禪定指以真智進入無漏清浄狀態。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#790" id="792">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪：<span class="zhuanming">葉夢得</span><span class="shuming">避暑録話</span>卷下：「近世<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">浙</span>有事魔喫菜者，云其原出於五斗米而誦<span class="shuming">金剛經</span>，其説皆與今佛者之言異，故或謂之<span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪。」參後注。</span> </p><p> <span>夫爲道之人，知心﹑行心﹑使心。三者審諸己然後語其所至。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【審諸己】詳之自己。</span> <span>知心謂了其真妄<a class="zhuhao" href="#797" id="793">〔一〕</a>，行心謂滅其愛憎，使心謂變其垢浄。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">心浄則世界浄等也。</span> <span>今始學之流，方欲似知，於餘則闕，何求自誷焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今之禪師，往往有自謂得而誣誷於人者，如山果﹑<span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪等妖妄者多矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#798" id="794">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>故大悲無窮，香飯無窮也<a class="zhuhao" href="#799" id="795">〔三〕</a>。大智不礙，方丈不礙也<a class="zhuhao" href="#800" id="796">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>大悲無窮，所取香飯不盡，所脩智行不障礙，今方丈所感，亦不障礙也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#793" id="797">〔一〕</a>真妄：真實和虚妄。一切諸法，有真有妄。隨無明之染緣而起之法爲妄，隨三學之浄緣而起之法爲真。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#794" id="798">〔二〕</a>山果﹑<span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪：民間宗教組織。<span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪見前注。<span class="zhuanming">陸游</span><span class="shuming">渭南文集</span>卷五<span class="shuming">條對狀</span>之七：「惟是妖幻邪人，平時誑惑良民，結連素定，待時而發，則其爲害未易可測，伏緣此色人處處皆有。<span class="zhuanming">淮南</span>謂之二襘子，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00143','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P143</span></i>兩<span class="zhuanming">浙</span>謂之<span class="zhuanming">牟尼</span>教，<span class="zhuanming">江</span>東謂之四果，<span class="zhuanming">江</span>西謂之<span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪，<span class="zhuanming">福建</span>謂之明教﹑揭諦齋之類。名號不一，明教尤盛。至有秀才﹑吏人﹑軍兵亦相傳習。其神號曰明使，又有肉佛﹑骨佛﹑血佛等號。白衣烏帽，所在成社。」「山果」疑即這裏所謂「四果」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#795" id="799">〔三〕</a>大悲：救他人苦之心謂之悲。佛菩薩之悲心廣大，故曰大悲。<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>譯<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷一一：「三世諸<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，大悲爲根本。如是大慈悲，今爲何所在。若無大悲者，是則不名佛。」　香飯：<span class="zhuanming">維摩</span>自<span class="zhuanming">香積佛</span>之世界齎供一會之大衆者。<span class="shuming">維摩經所説經</span>卷下<span class="shuming">香積佛品</span>：「於是<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>心念：日時欲至，此諸菩薩，當于何食？時<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>知其意而語言：佛説八解脱，仁者受行，豈離飲食而聞法乎？若欲食者，且待須臾。當令汝得未曾有食。……於是<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>，不起於座。居衆會前，化作菩薩。相好光明，威德殊勝。蔽於衆會，而告之曰：汝往上方界分，度如四十二<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>沙佛土，有國名<span class="zhuanming">衆香</span>，佛號<span class="zhuanming">香積</span>。與諸菩薩，方共坐食。汝往到彼，如我辭曰：<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>稽首<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>足下……願得<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>所食之餘，當於<span class="zhuanming">娑婆世界</span>施作佛事，令此樂少法者得弘大道。……於是<span class="zhuanming">香積如來</span>，以衆香鉢盛滿香飯，與化菩薩，時彼九百萬菩薩俱發聲言：我欲詣<span class="zhuanming">娑婆世界</span>，供養<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>，並欲見<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>等諸菩薩衆。佛言可往。……時化菩薩，既受鉢飯，與彼九百萬菩薩，俱受佛威神力及<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>力，於彼世界，忽然不現。須臾之間，至<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>舍。時<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>即化作九百萬師子之座，嚴好如前，諸菩薩皆坐其上。時化菩薩，以滿鉢香飯與<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>。香飯普熏<span class="zhuanming">毗耶離城</span>及三千大千世界。……時<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>，語<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>等諸大聲聞：仁者可食<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>甘露味飯，大慈所熏，無以限意食之使不消也。有異聲聞，念是飯少，而此大衆人人當食，化菩薩曰：勿以聲聞小德小智，稱量<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>無量福慧，四海有竭，此飯無盡。使一切<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00144','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P144</span></i>人食摶若<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>，乃至一劫，猶不能盡。……於是鉢飯，悉飽衆會，猶故不賜。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#796" id="800">〔四〕</a>方丈：僧徒修禪之室，得名於<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>卧疾之室，以其狹小故名。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上：「方丈，蓋寺院之正寢也。始因<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">顯慶</span>中，勑差衛尉寺丞<span class="zhuanming">李義</span>表前<span class="zhuanming">融州</span><span class="zhuanming">黄水</span>令<span class="zhuanming">王玄策</span>往<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>充使，至<span class="zhuanming">毗耶黎城</span>東北四里許<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>居士宅示疾之室，遺址疊石爲之，<span class="zhuanming">王玄策</span>躬以手板縱横量之，得十笏，故號『方丈』。」<span class="shuming">維摩詰經</span>載，身爲菩薩的<span class="zhuanming">維摩詰</span>居士，其卧室一丈見方，但能容三萬二千師子之座，有不可思義之妙事。</span> </p><p> <span>經云「若得作佛時，具三十二相」等<a class="zhuhao" href="#809" id="801">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>文。</span> <span>始可謂永盡矣。<span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span><span class="zhuanming">天台</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#810" id="802">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">思大和尚</span>，居南岳也。<span class="zhuanming">智者大師</span>，居<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>也。</span> <span>一心三觀<a class="zhuhao" href="#811" id="803">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂摩訶般若﹑摩訶法身﹑摩訶涅槃也<a class="zhuhao" href="#812" id="804">〔四〕</a>。一﹑從假入空，觀色即空，故顯法身；二﹑從空入假，觀空即色，故顯般若；三﹑空假平等，謂色空無異，故是涅槃也。</span> <span>成乎圓伊三德，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已上三法相須而成，謂之三德，亦曰圓伊。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>書伊字三點，若<span class="zhuanming">摩醯首羅</span>面上三目也。</span> <span>蓋得之<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>也；<span class="zhuanming">嘉祥</span>權實雙行，成乎悲智兩足<a class="zhuhao" href="#813" id="805">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span>，<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span><span class="zhuanming">嘉祥寺</span>僧，學通内外，善經律論，著<span class="shuming">梵網</span>﹑<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>等疏。以大悲故樂度生，大智故樂斷證也。相依如人兩足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘉祥】<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span><span class="zhuanming">嘉祥寺</span><span class="zhuanming">吉藏法師</span>也，下皆云<span class="zhuanming">惠皎</span>者，不得其意也。</span> <span>蓋得之於華嚴也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃得實性之旨也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>致思無爲，無思無慮，得之於性空<a class="zhuhao" href="#814" id="806">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">天監</span>中至此也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【致思】下去，念也。【無思無慮】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：無思無慮而知道。【天監中至】<span class="shuming">傳燈録</span>﹑<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>與<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>並説不同，<span class="shuming">譏異説</span>叙。</span> <span>而近世不知空不離假，廢有求空，異端於是作矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以真空不離於假有。</span> <span>奈何？然履俗者知假不離空，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">履，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00145','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P145</span></i>事法。須知事法，以空爲依。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【奈何】上奴帶切，如也。又奴箇切。和之奈何，二字在上也。【假不離空】從假入空。</span> <span>則達我之所爲，不謂俗也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖俗而能達其身，豈得謂俗耶？</span> <span>居真者知真不離假，則照我之不爲，不謂之真也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居真能知真以俗顯，則不執真而自滯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【真不離假】從空入假。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>存三界爲無生，二乘滅三界爲無生<a class="zhuhao" href="#815" id="807">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">大乘乃即俗談真，小乘乃滅俗而談真。</span> <span>偏圓於此優劣矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#816" id="808">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">大乘以圓通解脱，小乘以偏執自滯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#801" id="809">〔一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷二。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#802" id="810">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">慧思</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>。<span class="zhuanming">釋慧思</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">李</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武津</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，原籍<span class="zhuanming">潁川</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>時遷<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span><span class="zhuanming">華容</span>，<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗的真正創始人（<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗人尊爲四祖，以<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>爲初祖，<span class="zhuanming">慧文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧思</span>爲二祖﹑三祖），常被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">天台</span><span class="zhuanming">智者大師</span>。兩者<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七均有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#803" id="811">〔三〕</a>三觀：空觀﹑假觀﹑中觀。空觀是觀諸法緣生無性，當體即空；又云從假入空觀。假觀是觀諸法雖同幻化，但有假像和作用；又云從空入假觀。中觀是觀諸法非空亦非假，亦空亦假之中道實理；又云中道第一義諦觀。修此三觀，能破三惑，證三智，成三德。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#804" id="812">〔四〕</a>摩訶：<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷三：「摩訶，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言大，或多或勝。云何大？一切衆中最上故，一切障礙斷故，天王等大人恭敬故，是名爲大。云何多？數至五千故名多。云何勝？一切九十六種道論議能破故，故名勝。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#805" id="813">〔五〕</a>悲智：慈悲和智慧。智是上求菩提，屬於自利；悲是下化衆生，屬於利他。悲智也叫「悲智二門」，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00146','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P146</span></i>是佛菩薩所必備的兩種德性。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#806" id="814">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">菩提達摩</span>」等，略稱「<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>」，爲禪宗初祖，西天第二十八祖。　性空：謂衆緣和合而成的一切事物，其性本空，没有真實的自體可得。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#807" id="815">〔七〕</a>無生：不生不滅，義猶「涅槃」。　二乘：聲聞乘與緣覺乘。<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷五<span class="shuming">慧能大師</span>：「若以智慧照煩惱者，此是二乘小兒，羊﹑鹿等機。上智大根，悉不如是。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#808" id="816">〔八〕</a>偏圓：判釋教理勝劣的用語。偏者，偏向於一邊；圓者，圓融而無礙。以大﹑小乘而論，則小乘爲偏，大乘爲圓。</span> </p><p> <span>經曰：「雖知諸佛國，及與衆生空，而常脩浄土，教化諸群生。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#819" id="817">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖知有相是空，而不廢度生。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】<span class="shuming">維摩</span>。</span> <span>是謂行中道也<a class="zhuhao" href="#820" id="818">〔二〕</a>。如是鎔金繕素，孰謂之有？累趺冥目，孰謂之空？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">於有作而了有作之相，誰言其墮於有耶？於無作而達無作，誰言其墮於無作之空耶？</span> <span>其能體達行於非道，通會佛道者，始可與言其極。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">能體達其非道，而能通會佛道，方可論其至極之理也。</span> <span>彼孤陋者，謂之何哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">迷空著有之徒，豈識此道也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孤陋】無善相兼，故曰孤陋。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#817" id="819">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">維摩詰所説經</span>卷中<span class="shuming">佛道品第八</span>：「雖知諸佛國，及與衆生空，而常修浄土，教化於群生。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#818" id="820">〔二〕</a>中道：離開二邊之極端﹑邪執，不偏於空，不偏於有，非空非有，亦空亦有，圓融無礙，謂之中道。參見<span class="shuming">法籍興</span>篇注。</span> </p><p> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">智保</span>者<a class="zhuhao" href="#827" id="821">〔一〕</a>，謹於名節，挺然孤介，而能以持律著譽，而不能虚心合道。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但堅小節<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00147','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P147</span></i>之心，有昧圓通之道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【挺】出也。【介】耿也。</span> <span>寒則入水，熱則就火，渴則食鹽，其死悽然，哀爲寺神，雖勵操篤誠，而不知道之所由矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#828" id="822">〔二〕</a>。夫寒暑，天地之恒紀，彼尚愎而違之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">愎，戾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恒紀】常經也。【愎】符逼切，很戾也。</span> <span>況能冥情於物我乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">第二十祖名<span class="zhuanming">闍夜多</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">羅閲城</span>，見一頭陀，六時禮念<a class="zhuhao" href="#829" id="823">〔三〕</a>，少欲知足，長坐不卧，一食而已。尊者告大衆曰：此頭陀者，汝見如何？衆曰：不可思議，常修<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>行，此是道耶，誠如尊者説。曰：今此頭陀，不久墮落。與道懸遠。心有所得，不名道故。衆曰：何知？尊者曰：我不求道，亦不顛倒。不六時禮，亦不輕慢。我不長坐，亦不懈怠。我不一食，亦不雜食。我不知足，亦不貪欲。頭陀聞説，即生敬重。<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>呼爲<span class="zhuanming">徧行頭陀</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">婆脩槃頭</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#830" id="824">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>故生勞其形，死淪無狀也。而小乘於大乘，持律爲破戒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">瑜伽</span>説。菩薩若見有情受惡業，則斷其命，自受殺業，令其得脱苦身等也<a class="zhuhao" href="#831" id="825">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span>精勤爲懈怠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">耽玩小法是懈怠也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【耽】嗜也。【玩】習也。</span> <span>信爲智障，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">信小果而不起大智<a class="zhuhao" href="#832" id="826">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>義可見矣。有執忘言爲道者，固亦頗類此焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忘言】上喪也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#821" id="827">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">智保</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">智保傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋智保</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河東</span>人。弱齡入道，清慎居心。而在性剛謇，不軌流俗。進受具後，正業禁司，擁節專制，挺超群侣。博聽異解，貫練心神。廢立文旨，大觀掌内。所以律部遐被，寔賴斯人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#822" id="828">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">智保傳</span>：「以<span class="zhuanming">武德</span>末年，遘疾將漸，而正氣明爽，告友人<span class="zhuanming">慧滿</span>曰：『余其死矣，而精神不得超勝，如何？』有問意故，答云：『觀其來蔭，似作守寺之神耳，而止於西院佛殿，余頻以法遣<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00148','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P148</span></i>之，卒不能離。』言訖便絶。……又嘗患瘧，寒則水淋，熱則火炙，渴則急鹽塞其口，痢則絶食取差，斯徒衆矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#823" id="829">〔三〕</a>六時：<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教分一日爲晝三時：晨朝﹑日中﹑日没，夜三時：初夜﹑中夜﹑後夜，合稱六時。六時禮念謂於六時禮拜念誦佛菩薩名號。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#824" id="830">〔四〕</a>頭陀：意譯「抖擻」，本謂去除塵垢煩惱，爲苦行之一。俗稱僧人之行脚乞食者爲頭陀，亦稱行者。<span class="shuming">釋氏稽古略</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宗一禪師</span>往<span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span>受具，<span class="zhuanming">雪峰</span>以其苦行，呼爲頭陀。」　一食：又名一坐食，即一日祇在午前食一餐。　尊者：又譯作聖者，謂智德具尊者，是羅漢的尊稱。<span class="shuming">四分律行事鈔資持記</span>下三<span class="shuming">釋僧像篇</span>：「尊者，臘高德重，爲人所尊。」　<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷二：「<span class="zhuanming">闍夜多</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>國人也。智慧淵沖，化導無量。後至<span class="zhuanming">羅閲城</span>敷揚頓教。彼有學衆，唯尚辯論。爲之首者，名<span class="zhuanming">婆修盤頭</span>（此云<span class="zhuanming">遍行</span>）。常一食不卧，六時禮佛。清浄無欲，爲衆所歸。尊者將欲度之，先問彼衆曰：此<span class="zhuanming">遍行頭陀</span>能修<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>行，可得佛道乎？衆曰：我師精進，何故不可？尊者曰：汝師與道遠矣。設苦行歷於塵劫，皆虚妄之本也。衆曰：尊者藴何德行而譏我師？尊者曰：我不求道，亦不顛倒。我不禮佛，亦不輕慢。我不長坐，亦不懈怠。我不一食，亦不雜食。我不知足，亦不貪欲。心無所希，名之曰道。時<span class="zhuanming">遍行</span>聞已，發無漏智，歡喜讚歎。尊者又語彼衆曰：會吾語否？吾所以然者，爲其求道心切。夫弦急即斷，故吾不贊。令其住安樂地，入諸佛智。復告<span class="zhuanming">遍行</span>曰：吾適對衆抑挫仁者，得無惱於衷乎？曰：我憶念七劫前，生<span class="zhuanming">常安樂國</span>，師于智者<span class="zhuanming">月浄</span>。記我非久當證斯陀含果，時有<span class="zhuanming">大光明菩薩</span>出世。我以老故，策杖禮謁。師叱我曰：重子輕父，一何鄙哉！時我自謂無過，請師示之。師<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00149','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P149</span></i>曰：汝禮<span class="zhuanming">大光明菩薩</span>，以杖倚壁畫佛面，以此過慢，遂失二果。我責躬悔過以來，聞諸惡言，如風如響。況今獲飲無上甘露而反生熱惱邪？惟願大慈以妙道垂誨。尊者曰：汝久植衆德，當繼吾宗，聽吾偈曰：言下合無生，同於法界性，若能如是解，通達事理竟。尊者付法已，不起於坐，奄然歸寂。闍維收舍利建塔，當<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>十七年甲戌歲也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#825" id="831">〔五〕</a>惡業：指身口意三者所造作的乖理行爲，即十惡五逆之所作。　按：<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>釋﹑<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>譯<span class="shuming">攝大乘論釋</span>卷一一：「若菩薩能知如此事，有人必應作無間等惡業，菩薩了知其心，無别方便可令離此惡行，唯有斷命爲方便，能使不作此惡。又知此人捨命必生善道，若不捨命决行此業，墮劇難處，長時受苦。菩薩知此事已，作如是念：若我行此殺業，必墮地獄。願我爲彼，受此苦報。當令彼人於現在世受少輕苦，於未來世久受大樂。譬如良醫治有病者，先加輕苦，後除重疾。菩薩所行，亦復如是。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#826" id="832">〔六〕</a>小果：佛教修行所證果位的等第，有高低之分。其較低者，稱爲「小果」。　大智：佛的究竟智慧。</span> </p><p> <span>夫不知言而言，妄言者也；不知言而不言，慎言者也；承言而言，學言者也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">承人之言也。</span> <span>知言不言，静言者也。其欲亡於言而不果於亡言之心，則雖響息於外，情躁於内，蓋不亡者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">口雖泯言而心逐名利，則是不果亡言之心也。</span> <span>夫能體言生於物，物物皆自化，言者亦自化。終日言而常默，是謂真亡言者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖言而心不著者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【自化】任其性分。</span> <span>而經中<span class="zhuanming">浄名</span>不言，由前諸大士言已至盡言<a class="zhuhao" href="#837" id="833">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不言爲真入不二法門也。</span> <span>復何謂<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00150','1865865',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P150</span></i>也？<span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span><span class="zhuanming">無爲謂</span>不告<span class="zhuanming">知</span>北遊，以其人不能體言而即道，乃不告也<a class="zhuhao" href="#838" id="834">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">告，請也。自印證，不請告也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【何謂】言説也。【不告】不示語言也。【知北遊】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>第二十六篇名。<span class="zhuanming">知</span>，音智，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>臣也。</span> <span>如經云：「是法不可示，言詞相寂滅。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#839" id="835">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>文。此談真理之相也。</span> <span>豈則不説乎？是以般若漚和爲圓宗之兩備<a class="zhuhao" href="#840" id="836">〔四〕</a>，去方便則般若孤照矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云般若，此云智。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云漚和俱舍囉，此云方便。方便與智，體用相依。若去方便之用，即般若之體，爲孤照矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【般若】般若智，般若惠也。</span> <span>故至道焉，統天地，含萬物，動變化，得之入一塵而曠乎法界，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一塵不窄，法界不寬也。</span> <span>失之行法界而隘乎一塵，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不得其道者，雖法界而窄於微塵。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大山</span>之與秋毫，迷悟何相遠矣！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">太山</span>秋毫，小大不齊。迷悟之情，通滯亦别也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#833" id="837">〔一〕</a>大士：菩薩的通稱，或以名聲聞及佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#834" id="838">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">知</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">無爲謂</span>曰：『予欲有問乎若：何思何慮則知道？何處何服則安道？何從何道則得道？』三問而<span class="zhuanming">無爲謂</span>不答也。非不答，不知答也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#835" id="839">〔三〕</a>見<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#836" id="840">〔四〕</a>般若：意譯「智慧」，<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷四三：「般若者，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言智慧，一切諸智慧中，最爲第一，無上無比無等，更無勝者。」　漚和：又作「漚和俱舍羅」﹑「傴和拘舍羅」，意譯「方便」﹑「方便勝智」﹑「善巧方便」﹑「方便善巧」，意謂認識佛法時或佛菩薩度脱衆生時所採取的各種靈活手法。　圓宗：指<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗。<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗主張圓頓一實之旨，故稱其爲「圓宗」。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
卷第三
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133704" key="1133704"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第三 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133705" key="1133705"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00151','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P151</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000016">合霸王第五<span class="font12 zhu">明帝主相承，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地沙門遭遇時君興廢等事。</span></p><p> <span>劫初，蒸民胥于粒食<a class="zhuhao" href="#852" id="841">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蒸，衆也。胥，相也。地肥既盡，則有自然粳米。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【劫初】住劫初分。【粒食】嘗草别穀，蒸民乃<span class="shuming">陸景典語</span>曰<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>。【蒸】煑仍切，衆也。</span> <span>香稻既盡，分土作蓺<a class="zhuhao" href="#853" id="842">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓺，治也。人既侵奪，乃分土田而各治之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蓺】魚祭切，音世，種也，與藝同。</span> <span>爲防疆里，立<span class="zhuanming">大三末多王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#854" id="843">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">三末多</span>，此乃聚落王。慮有强者侵奪，遂立一人爲王。供其輸貢，令作民主。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大三末多王】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">摩訶三末多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">大平等</span>。【輸】税也，送也。</span> <span>庶類欽承，恩流率土，重離繼體，世祚<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#855" id="844">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君父繼紹，作<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之主也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【率土】猶云天下也。【重離】上直龍切，兩也；下列知切，明著也。【繼體】嫡傳父子位也。【祚】昨悮切，福也，禄也，位也。</span> <span>至于<span class="zhuanming">浄飯</span>，凡八萬四千二百六十餘王<a class="zhuhao" href="#856" id="845">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">阿含經</span>云：過去有王名<span class="zhuanming">懿摩</span>，有四庶子：一<span class="zhuanming">昭目</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">聯目</span>，三<span class="zhuanming">調伏象</span>，四<span class="zhuanming">尼樓聰</span>，並聰明神武，有大威德。第一夫人有子名<span class="zhuanming">長生</span>，頑薄醜陋，衆人所賤。夫人慮四子奪其位，遂譖王黜之。王即敕四子各速出國。時諸力士﹑一切人民願隨之去。至<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>間，住<span class="zhuanming">直樹林</span>。數年之内，歸德若市，遂爲强國。父思見之，召而弗往。父乃三歎：我子有能，以此命族爲<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>。<span class="shuming">阿含經</span>云：釋林爲姓，故有<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>姓。釋即樹也<a class="zhuhao" href="#857" id="846">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【浄飯】<span class="zhuanming">悦頭<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00152','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P152</span></i>檀</span>者是。【昭目】<span class="shuming">本行</span>云炬目。【聯目】<span class="shuming">本行</span>云金色。【調伏象】<span class="shuming">本行</span>云衆也。【尼樓聰】或言<span class="zhuanming">尼拘羅</span>，諸言别成。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">懿師摩王</span>之後，有王名<span class="zhuanming">大善生</span>，凡七世，姓<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇氏</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#858" id="847">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔有國王，父母早喪，讓國與<a class="zhuhao" href="#859" id="848">〔八〕</a>弟，捨位求道。見一婆羅門，姓<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇氏</span>，因從學道。婆羅門言：當解王衣，如吾所服。受<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇</span>姓，謂之<span class="zhuanming">小瞿曇菩薩</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懿師摩】<span class="shuming">四分律</span>云<span class="zhuanming">懿摩</span>。【瞿曇】此云<span class="zhuanming">最勝</span>。除天之外，在地人中最爲勝也。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">鬱摩王</span>之後，有王名<span class="zhuanming">尼樓聰</span>，凡五世，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦氏</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">尼樓王</span>生<span class="zhuanming">烏頭羅王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">烏頭羅王</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>主，生<span class="zhuanming">瞿頭羅王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">瞿頭羅王</span>生<span class="zhuanming">尸休羅王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">尸休羅王</span>生四子：一<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">白飯王</span>，三<span class="zhuanming">斛飯王</span>，四<span class="zhuanming">甘露飯王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>即佛父也。</span> <span>大士既百劫脩相好<a class="zhuhao" href="#860" id="849">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">菩薩三大企耶劫脩行至金剛喻定，後百劫脩相好，千劫學威儀，萬劫學化行也<a class="zhuhao" href="#861" id="850">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>而後相厥生，莫如刹帝利﹑婆羅門。而刹帝利位重也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云刹帝利，此云土田主，則王種也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重】上聲。</span> <span>婆羅門德尊，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語正云婆羅賀摩拏，此云浄御，是<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>苗裔。唯<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>有，諸國所無。爲王者師，故云德尊也。</span> <span>但劫濁澆微，德不勝位，故我不生婆羅門也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勝】平（呼），任也；去（呼），加也。</span> <span>雖微國無刹帝利，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">微，無也。</span> <span>而世胄綿遠，莫過於<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">三末多王</span>至<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>八萬四千二百六十餘王故。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【胄】直又切，裔也。又，國子曰胄。【過】平。</span> <span>餘二姓卑寒，生則不塞於人謗，故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>不生也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">塞，掩也。二姓謂一鞞舍，此云坐估，俗多寶，故以爲名；二戍達羅，亦云首陁，謂田農宦學者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#862" id="851">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞞舍】或云吠舍，正云吠奢，此云商賈，非唯坐估也。【估】音古，市也。【宦】音患，仕宦也，學也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：宦三年也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00153','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P153</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#841" id="852">〔一〕</a>劫初：成劫之初，即<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>形成的初期。　粒食：以穀物爲食。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#842" id="853">〔二〕</a>香稻：有香氣的稻米。劫初時，自然生長在土地上。<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>卷一二：「有非耕種香稻自生，衆共取之，以充所食。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#843" id="854">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三末多</span>：劫初之王名。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一二：「<span class="zhuanming">三末多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">共許</span>，衆人共許爲好人也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#844" id="855">〔四〕</a>庶類：萬物。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">鄭語</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span>能單平水土，以品處庶類者也。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>除水災，使萬物高下各得其所。」　欽承：恭敬地承受。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">説命下</span>：「監于先王成憲，其永無愆，惟<span class="zhuanming">説</span>式克欽承。」　率土：「率土之濱」之省，謂境域之内。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">北山</span>：「率土之濱，莫非王臣。」　重離：這裏指太子。本<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">離</span>之義。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">離</span>：「明兩作離，大人以繼明照于四方。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「明兩作離者，離爲日，日爲明。」<span class="shuming">離卦</span>爲離上離下相重，故以「重離」指太陽。　繼體：繼位。　世祚：世代享有。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#845" id="856">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">浄飯</span>：<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛國</span>之王，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的父王。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#846" id="857">〔六〕</a>見<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>卷一三。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#847" id="858">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">懿師摩王</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">懿師彌王</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">郁摩王</span>」等，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">日種王</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">善生王</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>王族之祖，都於<span class="zhuanming">浮陀洛城</span>，以福德一統天下。<span class="shuming">佛本行集經</span>卷五：「此童子者，既是日炙熟甘蔗開而出生，故一名<span class="zhuanming">善生</span>；又以其從甘蔗出故，第二復名<span class="zhuanming">甘蔗生</span>；又以日炙甘蔗出，故亦名<span class="zhuanming">日種</span>。」　<span class="zhuanming">大善生</span>：<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>七世祖。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#848" id="859">〔八〕</a>與：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「焉」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#849" id="860">〔九〕</a>相好：即「三十二相」﹑「八十種好」，是佛所具有的種種殊勝的體貌。顯著者爲三十二相，細微者爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00154','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P154</span></i>八十種好。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#850" id="861">〔一○〕</a>企耶劫：無數劫。　金剛喻定：能斷盡一切煩惱的禪定。<span class="shuming">成唯識論</span>卷一○：「由三大劫阿僧企耶修集無邊難行勝行，金剛喻定現在前時，永斷本來一切粗重，頓證佛果，圓滿轉依，窮未來際，利樂無盡。」　威儀：行住坐卧應有的威德和儀則。　化行：化教與行教的合稱。通於道俗，令其泛知因果道理，邪正差别的教法，謂之化教；明示佛弟子應當遵守的戒行，謂之行教。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：『化教所説，名修多羅；行教所説，名曰毗尼。汎宣理事因果﹑是非，是化教也；辨彰行儀，是行教也。』</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#851" id="862">〔一一〕</a>鞞舍：又作吠舍，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>四姓中的第三姓——商賈。　戍達羅：又作「首陀羅」，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>四姓中的第四姓——農人奴隸。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「若夫族姓殊者，有四流焉：一曰婆羅門，浄行也。守道居貞，潔白其操。二曰刹帝利，王種也，舊曰刹利，略也。奕世君臨，仁恕爲志。三曰吠奢，舊曰毗舍，訛也，商賈也。貿遷有無，逐利遠近。四曰戍陀羅，舊曰首陀，訛也，農人也。肆力疇隴，勤身稼穡。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">五天</span>分野，周九萬餘里，三陲大海，北背<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>，有八大國十六大城七十餘小國。時無輪王統御<a class="zhuhao" href="#866" id="863">〔一〕</a>，從于霸國之令，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若有輪王，小國咸服屬。今既無輪王，只以强者爲霸者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【分野】應一十二國地分名爲分野。【御】理也。</span> <span>其猶<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>春秋之時，王道衰，諸侯受制於<span class="zhuanming">桓</span><span class="zhuanming">文</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>自<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>見殺之後，<span class="zhuanming">平王</span>東遷<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>，諸侯得以專征，如<span class="zhuanming">晉文公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊桓公</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諸夏】中國也。<span class="shuming">語</span>云：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00155','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P155</span></i>「<span class="zhuanming">夷狄</span>之有君，不<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>之亡也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#867" id="864">〔二〕</a>【春秋之時】<span class="zhuanming">周僖公</span>三年，<span class="zhuanming">齊桓公</span>始霸。<span class="zhuanming">襄王</span>十七年，<span class="zhuanming">晉文公</span>始霸。<span class="zhuanming">項王</span>六年，<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>始霸是也。</span> <span>禮樂征伐非一人之由也<a class="zhuhao" href="#868" id="865">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古者制禮﹑作樂﹑征伐之事，皆須自於天子。爾來專濫，非從一人而出也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由】從也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#863" id="866">〔一〕</a>輪王：即轉輪王。佛經中的人間聖主。轉動輪寶以威伏四方，又分爲<span class="zhuanming">金輪王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">銀輪王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">銅輪王</span>和<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>。詳見前注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#864" id="867">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夷狄</span>之有君，不如<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>之亡也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#865" id="868">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『天下有道，則禮樂征伐自天子出；天下無道，則禮樂征伐自諸侯出。自諸侯出，蓋十世希不失矣；自大夫出，五世希不失矣；陪臣執國命，三世希不失矣。天下有道，則政不在大夫。天下有道，則庶人不議。』」</span> </p><p> <span>是<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提</span>爲大國<a class="zhuhao" href="#873" id="869">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">不至</span>，爲此國將勇兵謀，諸鄰敵之兵皆不能至。周五千里，城少居人，邑多編户。沃壤滋稼穡，有香稻，粒麁味殊，彼俗謂之供大人米。土地墊濕，邑國居鄽。風淳俗質，氣序温和也<a class="zhuhao" href="#874" id="870">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【周五千里】注依<span class="shuming">西域記</span>也。【城少舍人】舍是居人。【沃壤】水灌曰注，沃土無塊曰壤。【麤】音麄，大也。【墊】音店，下濕也。<span class="shuming">書</span>曰：下民昏墊。【邑國居鄽】<span class="shuming">記</span>云邑居高原，注悮。</span> <span>居海隅之中，<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>爲君長<a class="zhuhao" href="#875" id="871">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">顔色端正</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>父也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓶沙】或云<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>，<span class="shuming">記</span>云番爲<span class="zhuanming">影堅</span>，<span class="shuming">珠琳</span>云「毗頻」，此云「顔色」。「娑羅」者，此云「端正」也。</span> <span>冠群后之列。<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>爲法集勝會，表萬派而朝宗也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">矩奢揭羅補羅城</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">上茅城</span>，出最上茅也。<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>之中，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00156','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P156</span></i>昔因遭火，出居此，遂城而舍之。後<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>遷居<span class="zhuanming">波吒釐</span>，此唯婆羅門千家而住也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【后】君也。【波吒釐】此云<span class="zhuanming">女壻樹</span>，舊云<span class="zhuanming">已連弗邑</span>是已。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span>爲衆聖之奥府，表群嶽之相下也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">俱蘇摩城</span>，既是山城，近於<span class="zhuanming">王舍</span>。雖有五山，此山獨勝。高而且顯，故表出過二乘。多棲鷲鳥，故名<span class="zhuanming">鷲峰</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鷲】鳥名也，黑色多子。此山形如鷲頭，故曰<span class="zhuanming">鷲頭山</span>也。【相】去呼，瞻視。【府】聚也。【俱蘇摩】此云青花。【此山】上是五字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>思皇登庸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皇，大也。登，升也。庸，用也。大升用，謂爲君也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿闍世】此云<span class="zhuanming">未生怨</span>也。【登庸】<span class="shuming">堯典</span>云：「帝曰：疇咨若時登庸。」</span> <span>以弑父敗名。雖有功德，不足誦也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">與<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>作謀弑父，囚殺<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>，又仗劒逐母<span class="zhuanming">韋提希</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#876" id="872">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弑】音試，大逆也。【誦】稱舉也。【因殺】因是囚字。【韋提希】或云<span class="zhuanming">弗婆提</span>，乃東州神名也。從彼乞得，故以爲名，乃<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>母也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#869" id="873">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">摩竭提</span>：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>十六大國之一，爲<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>所在。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="shuming">尼波羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span>，舊曰<span class="zhuanming">摩伽陀</span>，又曰<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提</span>，皆訛也。<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>境。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#870" id="874">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陀國上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span>周五千餘里，城少居人，邑多編户。地沃壤，滋稼穡。有異稻種，其粒麤大，香味殊越，光色特甚，彼俗謂之供大人米。土地墊濕，邑居高原。孟夏之後，仲秋之前，平居流水，可以泛舟。風俗淳質，氣序温暑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#871" id="875">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>等，佛在世時<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span>王。深歸佛法，終爲逆子<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>幽囚而死。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷九：「洴沙，蒲經反，應訛也，正言<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>也，或云『頻毗』，此譯云『形牢』，一云『頻毗』，此云『顔色』。婆羅，此云『端正』，或云『色像殊妙』也。」卷五九：「<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>，此言訛也，正言<span class="zhuanming">頻<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00157','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P157</span></i>婆娑羅</span>，此云『形牢』，是<span class="zhuanming">摩伽陀國王</span>也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#872" id="876">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">未生怨王</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>時<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">摩揭陁國</span><span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>之子，曾弑父害母。參<span class="shuming">觀無量壽佛經</span>卷上。後向佛懺悔，皈依佛法，爲佛教之大護法。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>涅槃之後，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>等結集佛教經典時，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>爲大施主，供給一切資用。</span> </p><p> <span>至<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>，大業中昌。威被海隅，勢侔<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪</span>，而不即其真也<a class="zhuhao" href="#889" id="877">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">侔，齊也。即，成也。勢雖齊於<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪</span>，而非<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>曾孫也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿育】且云<span class="zhuanming">阿輸迦</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">無憂</span>。【侔】音牟，齊也。</span> <span>初，法象經中造地獄<a class="zhuhao" href="#890" id="878">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">法象，依學也。</span> <span>峻垣重坎，爍鐵流爛，搏人以投。雖古有刳斮烹焚，不甚此酷<a class="zhuhao" href="#891" id="879">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">商紂</span>刳剔孕婦，斮朝涉之脛，置炮烙之刑，焚炙忠良，剖賢人之心。若以比方，未足爲甚。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爍】式灼切，灼也。【爛】火熟也。【搏】補各切，手擊也。【刳】區姑切，剖也，屠列也。【斮】側略切，斬也。【剔】音逖，解骨也。【脛】形定切，脚脛也。</span> <span>慕勇濟惡，克邁凶德<a class="zhuhao" href="#892" id="880">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">南山下有一人，兇惡堪爲獄卒。召之，父母未允，遂殺之而來也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慕】思也。【濟】成也。</span> <span>遇得道者，以神力化之，遽革乃過<a class="zhuhao" href="#893" id="881">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">初，國中犯法罪人，無輕重揔入塗炭。後有行至獄次，即擒以誅戮。時有沙門，巡里乞食，獄吏擒入。沙門惶怖，請乞禮懺七日。俄見一人縛入，斬截手足，磔裂形骸。見已，深增悲悼。成無常觀，證無學果。雖入鑊湯，若在清池，有大蓮花而爲之座。王聞騁觀，深讚靈祐。後殺獄主，遂廢其獄也<a class="zhuhao" href="#894" id="882">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遽革】急改也。【塗炭】置人於水火曰塗炭。【磔】長格切，張開也。【悼】音導，傷也。</span> <span>大德<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>又以因果啓迪<a class="zhuhao" href="#895" id="883">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">啓，開也。迪，道也。第五祖<span class="zhuanming">優波毱多</span>，以因果而開導之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迪】進<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00158','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P158</span></i>也。</span> <span>重省增懼，追思補復，爰乃發八王之函甒，樹八萬之靈刹<a class="zhuhao" href="#896" id="884">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>自廢獄之後，日加善誘，廣説獻土之因，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>懸記興建之功。乃集鬼神，戮力同心，以八國共分收舍利，命鬼神至期日，日有隱蔽。其狀如手，宜下舍利。日正中時，羅漢伸手蔽日，營建遂成矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#897" id="885">〔九〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【省】息井切，審也，察也。【函】音咸，寶函也。【甒】音武，罌也。【舍利】或云設利羅，此云身骨，又譯爲稻穀，言碎身爲稻穀量也。【樹】上聲，立也。【刹】塔柱也。【懸】遠也。【戮】音六，併力也。</span> <span>其王以施土之福，功高位尊，至於阿縱<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，斥逐賢聖，致令僧分二部<a class="zhuhao" href="#898" id="886">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>入宫之後，日受恩寵。於説戒夜與僧相争<a class="zhuhao" href="#899" id="887">〔一一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>黨之，乃分大衆﹑上座二部也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【施】去呼。【阿】平呼，曲黨。【斥】逐也。【致】至使也。</span> <span>佛法初破。雖元惡大憝本不在己，而爲王者特無先鑒，不得不均罪于厥躬也<a class="zhuhao" href="#900" id="888">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自此法乖一味也。元，首也。憝，怨也。蓋以王者不能定罪正非，斯其咎也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憝】音隊，怨也，惡也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「元惡大憝。」【均】同也。【厥躬】其身。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#877" id="889">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>：音譯<span class="zhuanming">阿輸迦</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">無憂</span>，故又稱<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">孔雀王朝</span>的第三代君主。統治初期窮兵黷武，後皈依佛教，極力弘法。據傳説，在位期間共建造八萬四千座佛塔。　鐵輪：即<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>，四輪王之一。感得鐵之輪寶，統御<span class="zhuanming">南閻浮提洲</span>之帝王。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#878" id="890">〔二〕</a>法象：效法，取法。<span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷六<span class="shuming">雷虚</span>：「奉天而行，其誅殺也，宜法象上天。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#879" id="891">〔三〕</a>垣：牆。峻垣謂極高的牆。　坎：陷阱，深淵。重坎指極深的陷阱。　爍：銷熔。　爛：燒灼。　搏：捕捉。　按：<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓上</span>：「焚炙忠良，刳剔孕婦，皇天震怒。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「刳剔謂<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00159','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P159</span></i>割剥也。」又<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">商</span>王<span class="zhuanming">受</span>，狎侮五常，荒怠弗敬，自絶於天，結怨於民，斮朝涉之脛，剖賢人之心，作威殺戮，毒痡四海。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「冬月見朝涉水者，謂其脛耐寒，斬而視之。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">殷本紀</span>：「百姓怨望而諸侯有畔者，於是<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>乃重刑辟，有炮格之法。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="shuming">列女傳</span>：「膏銅柱，下加之炭，令有罪者行焉，輒墮炭中。<span class="zhuanming">妲己</span>笑，名曰炮格之刑。」<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓上</span>：「焚炙忠良，刳剔孕婦。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>怒，乃更爲銅柱以膏塗之，亦加於炭火之上，使有罪者緣之，足滑跌墜入中。<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>與<span class="zhuanming">妲己</span>以爲大樂，名曰炮烙之刑，是<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>焚炙之事也。」上引<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span><span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>忠諫，謂其心異於人，剖而觀之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#880" id="892">〔四〕</a>邁：超過。　凶德：違反仁德的惡行。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">盤庚下</span>：「古我先王，將多於前功，適於山，用降我凶德，嘉績於朕邦。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「下去兇惡之德，立善功於我國。」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「孝敬﹑忠信爲吉德；盜賊﹑藏姦爲凶德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#881" id="893">〔五〕</a>神力：又曰神通力，謂佛菩薩所示現的種種神奇不可思議之力。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#882" id="894">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陀國</span>上：「初，<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>嗣位之後，舉措苛暴，乃立地獄，作害生靈。周垣峻峙，隅樓特起，猛焰洪鑪，銛鋒利刃，備諸苦具，擬像幽塗，招募凶人，立爲獄主。初以國中犯法罪人，無挍輕重，總入塗炭。後以行經獄次，擒以誅戮，至者皆死，遂滅口焉。時有沙門，初入法衆，巡里乞食，遇至獄門，獄吏凶人，擒欲殘害。沙門惶怖，請得禮懺。俄見一人縛來入獄，斬截手足，磔裂形骸，俯仰之間，支體糜散。沙門見已，深增悲悼，成無常觀，證無學果。獄卒曰：『可以死矣。』沙門既證聖果，心夷生死，雖入鑊湯，若在清池，有大蓮花而爲之座。獄主驚駭，馳使白王，王遂躬觀，深<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00160','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P160</span></i>讚靈祐。……即命獄卒投之洪鑪。獄主既死，王乃得出。於是頽牆堙塹，廢獄寬刑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#883" id="895">〔七〕</a>大德：對高僧的尊稱。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">大德</span>引<span class="shuming">增輝記</span>云：「行滿德高，曰『大德』。」　<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">優婆鞠多</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">鄔波鞠多</span>」等，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">大護</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">近藏</span>」等。付法藏之第四師，出於佛滅後二百年<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>時，稱爲<span class="zhuanming">無相好佛</span>。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span><span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">鄔波鞠多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">近藏</span>，佛涅槃後一百年出，是<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>門師。」　因果：因者能生，果者所生。有因則必有果，有果則必有因。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span><span class="shuming">遗教品第一</span>：「善惡之報，如影隨形。三世因果，循環不失。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#884" id="896">〔八〕</a>補復：補償﹑報答。　爰：於是。　甒：瓦器。　靈刹：佛寺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#885" id="897">〔九〕</a>八國：<span class="zhuanming">拘尸國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">波婆國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遮羅頗國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">羅摩伽國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗留提國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摩竭國</span>等。　舍利：亦稱舍利子，意爲骨身﹑遺骨。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷五：「所遺骨分，通名舍利。」<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注文參見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陀國</span>上，文繁不録。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#886" id="898">〔一○〕</a>阿縱：庇護縱容。　二部：上座部﹑大衆部。以窟内之結集，謂之上座部。窟外之結集，謂之大衆部。　<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>」。出於佛滅後百年，主張五種新説，此即「大天五事」。原本祇是結集場所不同的上座﹑大衆二部，因爲反對和讚成五事而有了宗義上的區别。這是部派佛教之始。時國王<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>黨於<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，欲悉殺上座部之僧衆，故彼等去而往<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>以<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃之後第一百年，命世君臨，威被殊俗，深信三寶，愛育四生。時有五百羅漢僧，五百凡夫僧，王所敬仰，供養無差。有凡夫僧<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，闊達多智，幽求名實。潭思作論，理違聖教。凡有聞知，群從異議。<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>不識凡﹑聖，因情所好，黨授所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00161','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P161</span></i>親。召集僧德赴<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>，欲沉深流，總從誅戮。時諸羅漢既逼命難，咸運神通，凌虚履空。來至此國，山棲谷隱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#887" id="899">〔一一〕</a>説戒：佛教僧團的持戒行爲。爲了檢點﹑整飭戒行，長養善法，保持僧團戒行清浄，每半月終，比丘﹑比丘尼齊集一處，讀誦戒經，稱爲「説戒」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#888" id="900">〔一二〕</a>元惡：首惡。　大憝：奸惡。指元兇魁首。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">康誥</span>：「王曰：『封，元惡大憝，矧惟不孝不友。』」　特：單單。　鑒：明察，審查。　躬：自身。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">申毒</span>之北<a class="zhuhao" href="#910" id="901">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">毒，<span class="shuming">漢書</span>音篤，即<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>也。或云<span class="zhuanming">賢豆</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#911" id="902">〔二〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言月也。月有一千名，群生淪迴，不息長夜。聖賢化之導物，如月照夜，以是立彼土名也。</span> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#912" id="903">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>也。去<span class="zhuanming">摩伽陁</span>五百里，無霜雪。人好習藝，敬外道，<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>生處。</span> <span>其王名<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#913" id="904">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛滅後四百年。</span> <span>霸而有禮，博而能信，師謨<span class="zhuanming">脅羅漢</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#914" id="905">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">付法藏</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">波奢比丘</span>曾生不卧，脅不著席，時人號<span class="zhuanming">脅尊者</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【博】廣大通也。【謨】莫胡切，法規也，訓也。【脇】虚業切，肋也。</span> <span>詮煉諸部，品格同異，撰<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#915" id="906">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二百卷。</span> <span>雖有國有君，無時無僧，居信而行信，是謂不佞。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">口才曰佞。爲國之君，居忠信而行敬信，是謂不諂佞也。王初不信罪福，因獵，見二牧童立窣堵波。問之，云：佛記當有王於此收吾舍利，大王宿殖已符。遂信心深敬佛法也<a class="zhuhao" href="#916" id="907">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【居】守也。</span> <span>緇素用之，大業昭服<a class="zhuhao" href="#917" id="908">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西國之人，僧俗皆學此論也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【服】事也，行也。</span> <span>近世<span class="zhuanming">戒日王</span>斯亞矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#918" id="909">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">戒日王</span>即<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>初時<span class="zhuanming">磨竭陁國</span>王也。亞，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00162','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P162</span></i>次也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#901" id="910">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">申毒</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">賢豆</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之古稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#902" id="911">〔二〕</a>豆：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「亘」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#903" id="912">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">健陀羅</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>國名，又作「<span class="zhuanming">犍馱邏</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">乾陀衛</span>」等，意譯「持地」﹑「香行」﹑「香遍」等。在今<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span><span class="zhuanming">喀布爾河</span>下游流域。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">健馱邏國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span>，東西千餘里，南北八百餘里，東臨<span class="zhuanming">信度河</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#904" id="913">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦</span>：又譯作「<span class="zhuanming">割尼尸割</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">膩迦</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">葛諾歌</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">貴霜王朝</span>第三代國王。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#905" id="914">〔五〕</a>師謨：師法。　<span class="zhuanming">脅羅漢</span>：<span class="zhuanming">波奢比丘</span>，又作「<span class="zhuanming">波奢</span>」，<span class="shuming">付法傳</span>中第十祖。是佛典第四次結集之主要發起者。其所以稱<span class="zhuanming">脅</span>者，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">健馱邏國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">波栗濕縛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">脅</span>。………初尊者之爲梵志師也。年垂八十，捨家染衣，城中少年便誚之曰：愚夫朽老，一何淺智。夫出家者，有二業焉：一則習定，二乃誦經。而今衰耄，無所進取，濫跡清流，徒知飽食。時<span class="zhuanming">脅尊者</span>聞諸譏議，因謝時人而自誓曰：我若不通三藏理，不斷三界欲，得六神通，具八解脱，終不以脅而至於席。自爾之後，唯日不足。經行宴坐，住立思惟。晝則研習理教，夜迺静慮凝神，綿歷三歲，學通三藏，斷三界欲，得三明智，時人敬仰，因號<span class="zhuanming">脅尊者</span>焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#906" id="915">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>：<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論</span>之略名，注釋<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨藏</span>，廣明佛經義理，備列諸種異説。題爲「大毗婆沙」，含有廣説﹑勝説﹑異説三義。<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一：「論中分别義廣，故名廣説；説義勝故，名爲勝説；五百阿羅漢各以異義解釋發智，名爲異説。具此三義，故存<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音。」事見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00163','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P163</span></i>卷三。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#907" id="916">〔七〕</a>窣堵波：佛塔。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一<span class="shuming">呾密國</span>：「窣堵波，即舊所謂浮圖也。又曰鍮婆，又曰塔婆，又曰私鍮簸，又曰藪斗波，皆訛也。」　佛記：佛之懸記（懸記謂預言將來之事）。　宿殖：於前世植積善根。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#908" id="917">〔八〕</a>緇素：僧俗。僧徒衣緇，俗衆服素，故稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#909" id="918">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">戒日王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">羯若鞠闍國</span><span class="zhuanming">曲女城</span>之王，本爲吠奢種，名<span class="zhuanming">曷利沙伐彈那</span>，意譯「喜增」。及兄王爲鄰國之王所殺，嗣兄爲王，號<span class="zhuanming">尸羅阿迭多</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">戒日</span>。立六年，復兄之仇，臣<span class="zhuanming">五印度</span>。於<span class="zhuanming">五印度</span>城邑建立精舍，設飲食醫藥，施諸窮貧而周給之，於聖跡之處並立伽藍。又五歲一設無遮大會，竭府庫而施一切，歲一集諸國沙門，三七日中，以四事供養。見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">羯若鞠闍國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>世，真源遐擁，靈津綿阻。主與道違，朝不登賢。<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span><span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>，薎遭遇也<a class="zhuhao" href="#927" id="919">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之代，<span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>雖大賢，皆不見用。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【擁】遏塞也，障也。【登】進也。【代】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本代字悮也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">商鞅</span><span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>，肆其酷也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆暴酷之吏也，俱不得其死。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【商鞅】下於兩切。【肆】陳也，恣也，極也，放也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>慎厥艱，故不至也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛教未至者，知其暴<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之艱難也，然感化有時，不可强也。</span> <span>且<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>承<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>弊，馬上以取天下<a class="zhuhao" href="#928" id="920">〔二〕</a>。藉英雄之力，乃成帝業。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢高祖</span>仗三尺劒而取天下也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【承】次也。【弊】困也。【藉】慈夜切，假託也。</span> <span>故使論功之際，皆拔劒偶語，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>患之<a class="zhuhao" href="#929" id="921">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>五年，會<span class="zhuanming">垓</span>之後將封功，而諸將競拔劒偶語。<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>以<span class="zhuanming">雍齒</span>曾射<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>，有讎，乃先封之。諸將知有望，乃定矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00164','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P164</span></i>【偶】相對私語也。</span> <span>是以<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>徵<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>諸生，脩朝會之禮。瞻皇帝輦轝，百官莫不震恐<a class="zhuhao" href="#930" id="922">〔四〕</a>。式遏當時之弊，以尊萬乘威儀<a class="zhuhao" href="#931" id="923">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃尊天子而抑諸侯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輦】力展切，步車。【轝】音余，車轝也。【式遏】用止也。【弊】惡也。</span> <span>故太皇反拜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>父也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【反拜】應云却行。</span> <span>家令受賜。自稱霸業，貽厥孫謀<a class="zhuhao" href="#932" id="924">〔六〕</a>。皇王之風，崇師降禮，未有聞也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此<span class="zhuanming">前漢</span><span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>等徵<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>禮，而未見尊師重道，降禮自卑之事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貽】遺也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>問道於<span class="zhuanming">廣成</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#933" id="925">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>問道於<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">唐堯</span>順風於<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#934" id="926">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>王禮<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>先生，並出<span class="shuming">南華真經</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【具茨】山名，在<span class="zhuanming">陽翟</span>，<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>所隱處也。</span> <span>豈非至尊之事歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【豈】何也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#919" id="927">〔一〕</a>真源：本源。　遐擁：遮蔽。　靈津：指天河。　綿：久遠。　薎：同「蔑」，無，没有。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#920" id="928">〔二〕</a>馬上以取天下：指武功建國。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">酈生陸賈列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陸生</span>時時前説稱<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">書</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>駡之曰：『迺公居馬上而得之，安事<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">書</span>！』<span class="zhuanming">陸生</span>曰：『居馬上得之，寧可以馬上治之乎？且<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武</span>逆取而以順守之，文武並用，長久之術也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#921" id="929">〔三〕</a>偶語：相聚非議或竊竊私議。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">高祖本紀</span>：「父老苦<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>苛法久矣，誹謗者族，偶語者棄市。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#922" id="930">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">劉敬叔孫通列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>五年，已并天下，諸侯共尊<span class="zhuanming">漢王</span>爲皇帝於<span class="zhuanming">定陶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>就其儀號。<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>悉去<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>苛儀法，爲簡易。群臣飲酒争功，醉或妄呼，拔劍擊柱，<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>患之。<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>知上益厭之也，説上曰：『夫儒者難與進取，可與守成。臣願徵<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>諸生，與臣弟子共起朝儀。』<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>曰：『得無難乎？』<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>異樂，<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>不同禮。禮者，因時世人情爲之節文者也。故<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之禮所因損益<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00165','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P165</span></i>可知者，謂不相復也。臣願頗采古禮與<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>儀雜就之。』上曰：『可試爲之，令易知，度吾所能行爲之。』於是<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>使徵<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>諸生三十餘人。……<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>七年，<span class="zhuanming">長樂宫</span>成，諸侯群臣皆朝十月。儀：先平明，謁者治禮，引以次入殿門，廷中陳車騎步卒衛宫，設兵張旗志。傳言『趨』。殿下郎中俠陛，陛數百人。功臣列侯諸將軍軍吏以次陳西方，東鄉；文官丞相以下陳東方，西鄉。大行設九賓，臚傳。於是皇帝輦出房，百官執職傳警，引諸侯王以下至吏六百石以次奉賀。自諸侯王以下莫不振恐肅敬。至禮畢，復置法酒。諸侍坐殿上皆伏抑首，以尊卑次起上壽。觴九行，謁者言『罷酒』。御史執法舉不如儀者輒引去。竟朝置酒，無敢讙譁失禮者。於是<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>曰：『吾迺今日知爲皇帝之貴也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#923" id="931">〔五〕</a>萬乘：指天子。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>制，天子地方千里，出兵車萬乘。諸侯地方百里，出兵車千乘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#924" id="932">〔六〕</a>孫謀：順應天下的謀略。孫，通「遜」。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">文王有聲</span>：「詒厥孫謀，以燕翼子。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「孫，順也……傳其所以順天下之謀，以安其敬事之子孫。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#925" id="933">〔七〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">在宥</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>立爲天子十九年，令行天下，聞<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>在於<span class="zhuanming">空同</span>之山，故往見之，曰：『我聞吾子達於至道，敢問至道之精。吾欲取天地之精，以佐五穀，以養民人，吾又欲官陰陽，以遂群生，爲之奈何？』<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>曰：『而所欲問者，物之質也；而所欲官者，物之殘也。自而治天下，雲氣不待族而雨，草木不待黄而落，日月之光益以荒矣，而佞人之心翦翦者，又奚足以語至道！』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>退，捐天下，築特室，席白茅，閒居三月，復往邀之。<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>南首而卧，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>順下風膝行而進，再拜稽首而問曰：『吾聞子達於至道，敢問，治身奈何而可以長久？』<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>蹶然而起，曰：『善哉問乎！來！吾語女至道。至道之精，窈窈冥冥；至道之極，昏昏默默。無視無聽，抱神以静，形將自正。心静<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00166','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P166</span></i>必清，無勞女形，無摇女精，乃可以長生。目無所見，耳無所聞，心無所知，女神將守形，形乃長生。慎女内，閉女外，多知爲敗。我爲女遂於大明之上矣，至彼至陽之原也；爲女入於窈冥之門矣，至彼至陰之原也。天地有官，陰陽有藏，慎守女身，物將自壯。我守其一以處其和，故我修身千二百歲矣，吾形未常衰。』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>再拜稽首曰：『<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>之謂天矣！』<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>曰：『來！余語女。彼其物無窮，而人皆以爲有終；彼其物無測，而人皆以爲有極。得吾道者，上爲皇而下爲王；失吾道者，上見光而下爲土。今夫百昌皆生於土而反於土，故余將去女，入無窮之門，以遊無極之野。吾與日月參光，吾與天地爲常。當我，緡乎！遠我，昏乎！人其盡死，而我獨存乎！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#926" id="934">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">徐無鬼</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>將見<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>乎<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>之山，<span class="zhuanming">方明</span>爲御，<span class="zhuanming">昌寓</span>驂乘，<span class="zhuanming">張若</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謵朋</span>前馬，<span class="zhuanming">昆閽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">滑稽</span>後車；至於<span class="zhuanming">襄城</span>之野，七聖皆迷，無所問塗。適遇牧馬童子，問塗焉，曰：『若知<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>之山乎？』曰：『然。』『若知<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>之所存乎？』曰：『然。』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>曰：『異哉小童！非徒知<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>之山，又知<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>之所存。請問爲天下。』小童曰：『夫爲天下者，亦若此而已矣，又奚事焉！予少而自遊於六合之内，予適有瞀病，有長者教予曰：「若乘日之車而遊於<span class="zhuanming">襄城</span>之野。」今予病少痊，予又且復遊於六合之外。夫爲天下亦若此而已。予又奚事焉！』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>曰：『夫爲天行者，則誠非吾子之事。雖然，請問爲天下。』小童辭。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>又問。小童曰：『夫爲天下者，亦奚以異乎牧馬者哉！亦去其害馬者而已矣。』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>再拜稽首，稱天師而退。」</span> </p><p> <span>洎<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>室中興，帝<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>丕顯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>第二主<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>名<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>。丕顯，明也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【丕】大也。【第二主】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本云第三主者，非。</span> <span>賓于大鴻臚，司於大宗伯<a class="zhuhao" href="#940" id="935">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自西國<span class="zhuanming">摩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>等所來，或安鴻臚寺，或宗伯主<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00167','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P167</span></i>之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【司於大宗伯】司，主也。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>大宗伯主朝覲之禮也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安清</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">月氏國</span>優婆塞<a class="zhuhao" href="#941" id="936">〔二〕</a>，字<span class="zhuanming">恭明</span>。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>末遊<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，授業於<span class="zhuanming">支亮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>授於<span class="zhuanming">支讖</span>，世称「天下博知，不出三<span class="zhuanming">支</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">安清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">世高</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安息國</span>王子，讓位出家，<span class="zhuanming">漢桓</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>元年至此也。</span> <span>德重緇倫，而未爲王侯所師友也。雖<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>王脩仁聖之祠，<span class="zhuanming">孝桓</span>興華蓋之祭<a class="zhuhao" href="#942" id="937">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>諸王。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【華蓋】上呼瓜切，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>以花裝蓋，故云華蓋。又，户瓜切。<span class="zhuanming">崔豹</span><span class="shuming">古今注</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>與<span class="zhuanming">蚩尤</span>戰，常有五色氣雲﹑金枝玉葉在帝上，下垂有花的之象，故曰華蓋才也<a class="zhuhao" href="#943" id="938">〔四〕</a>。【皆漢諸王】<span class="zhuanming">楚王英</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>宗室也。<span class="zhuanming">孝桓</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>第十王者。注少悮。</span> <span>亦但神佛而已矣，未求仁祠華蓋之人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#944" id="939">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但嚴其器也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#935" id="940">〔一〕</a>大宗伯：<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">大宗伯</span>：「大宗伯之職，掌建邦之天神﹑人鬼﹑地祇之禮，以佐王建保邦國。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#936" id="941">〔二〕</a>優婆塞：意譯「近事男」，爲受五戒的在家男子。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷八：「歸依於佛者，真名優婆塞。」<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九<span class="shuming">摩揭陁國下</span>：「鄔波索迦，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言近事男。舊曰伊蒲塞，又曰優波塞，皆訛也。」<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>受業於<span class="zhuanming">支讖</span>門人<span class="zhuanming">支亮</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#937" id="942">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四二<span class="shuming">楚王英</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">楚王英</span>）晚節更喜<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>，學爲<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>，齋戒祭祀。」又卷七<span class="shuming">孝桓帝紀</span>：「前史稱<span class="zhuanming">桓帝</span>好音樂，善琴笙。飾<span class="zhuanming">芳林</span>而考<span class="zhuanming">濯龍</span>之宫，設華蓋以祠<span class="zhuanming">浮圖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>，斯將所謂『聽於神』乎！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#938" id="943">〔四〕</a>的：當爲「葩」字之誤。才：疑爲衍文。<span class="zhuanming">崔豹</span><span class="shuming">古今注</span><span class="shuming">輿服</span>：「華蓋，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>所作也，與<span class="zhuanming">蚩尤</span>戰於<span class="zhuanming">涿鹿</span>之野，常有五色雲氣，金枝玉葉，止於帝上，有花葩之象，故因而作華蓋也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#939" id="944">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">弘明集後序</span>：「逮<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>感夢，而<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>稱佛。於是<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>東使，而<span class="zhuanming">攝騰</span>西至。乃圖像於<span class="zhuanming">關陽</span>之觀，藏經<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00168','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P168</span></i>於<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>臺之室，不講深文，故莫識奥義。是以<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>修仁潔之祠，<span class="zhuanming">孝桓</span>建華蓋之祭，法相未融，唯神之而已。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>因<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>禮，徵用奇尚，但以勤王鼎峙之憂，何仁祠之於我克暇耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#947" id="945">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟德</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>相。以<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>室微弱，挾天子令諸侯而謀分霸，不暇崇顯吾教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【因】仍也，沿也。【尚】高尚也。凡天子之物，皆曰尚，如尚藥食也。【鼎峙】峙，立也。如鼎之三足，勢相等也。【挾】持也。</span> <span>然雖不能弘贊其風，而亦終不蔽其道也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦有<span class="zhuanming">康僧鎧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇諦</span>等三藏至而翻譯也<a class="zhuhao" href="#948" id="946">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蔽】障也，隱也。【顗】魚豈切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#945" id="947">〔一〕</a>徵用奇尚：按：<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span><span class="shuming">求賢令</span>曰：「今天下尚未定，此特求賢之急時也。<span class="zhuanming">孟公綽</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>老則優，不可以爲<span class="zhuanming">滕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>大夫。若必廉士而後可用，則<span class="zhuanming">齊桓</span>其何以霸世？今天下得無有被褐懷玉而釣于<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>濱者乎？又得無有盜嫂受金而未遇<span class="zhuanming">無知</span>者乎？二三子其佐我明揚仄陋，唯才是舉，吾得而用之。」　勤王：天子有難而各路軍馬起兵救援。　鼎峙：鼎立，三國並峙。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#946" id="948">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">康僧鎧</span>：原誤作「康僧顗」，音譯<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋摩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span><span class="zhuanming">嘉平</span>四年（二五二）至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">曇諦</span>：又稱<span class="zhuanming">支曇諦</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">康</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">三國</span>初，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人未甚信，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>始造於<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#953" id="949">〔一〕</a>，締構行道，<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">字<span class="zhuanming">仲謀</span>，都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【甚】太過也。【造】音操，至也。【締】音帝，結也。【構】架也，蓋也。</span> <span>以爲誣矯異俗，攝<span class="zhuanming">會</span>讓曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">攝，迫也。讓，責也。逼沙門而責之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誣】調也，欺也。</span> <span>「佛有何靈，爾獨改形？」<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00169','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P169</span></i><span class="zhuanming">會</span>曰：「佛身雖滅，遺骨舍利應現無方。外國先王建八萬四千塔，表遺化也<a class="zhuhao" href="#954" id="950">〔二〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">權</span>謂紿己，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">紿，音迨，欺言也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【紿】欺詐也。</span> <span>俾期舍利，嚴憲緩罰。至三七日，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>徒將死，舍利乃降，鎗然盤中<a class="zhuhao" href="#955" id="951">〔三〕</a>，上燭虹霓。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緩罰】且級其罪。【降】下也。【鎗】楚庚切，鎗，鏘，金聲也。【燭】照也。【虹霓】螮蝀也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之君臣相顧乃悦曰：「至哉奇瑞也！」始立<span class="zhuanming">建初寺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#956" id="952">〔四〕</a>，呼其地爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陁里</span>也。是歲<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年，去<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>凡一百七十餘年矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年甲子至<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年辛酉，得一百七十八年矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【赤烏四年】<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">三寶録</span>皆云<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>十年。【甲子】應云<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年丁卯至<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>十年丁卯，得一百八十一年。古本云：亦<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#949" id="953">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#950" id="954">〔二〕</a>應現：佛﹑菩薩應機緣而示現。<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>卷二：「佛真法身，猶如虚空，應物現形，如水中月。」　遺化：留下的教化。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#951" id="955">〔三〕</a>鎗然：金屬器物撞擊後發出的響亮﹑清脆的聲音。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#952" id="956">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">建初寺</span>：位於<span class="zhuanming">建鄴</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>最早建立的寺院。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>一千，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人知法將無晚歟？<span class="zhuanming">孫皓</span>狂虐不道，國將病矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【病】患也。</span> <span>初，廢毁淫祠，延及寺宇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淫祀】不在祀典名淫祀。【延】遠也，進也。</span> <span>群臣議曰：「佛之威力，不並餘神。<span class="zhuanming">僧會</span>感靈，太皇創寺。今若輕廢，恐貽後悔。」<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>意未謂之然，使<span class="zhuanming">張昱</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00170','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P170</span></i>至寺詰<span class="zhuanming">會</span>。<span class="zhuanming">會</span>才辯奇拔，<span class="zhuanming">昱</span>不能加，乃復于<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【創】初亮切，初也，造法創業也。【悔】上聲。【詰】溪吉切，治也，譴也，問罪也。【拔】去也。【加】上也，陵也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">皓</span>大集公卿洎庶寮，徵<span class="zhuanming">會</span>以車馬。既至，<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>强詞昧理，取<span class="zhuanming">會</span>不及己。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">皓</span>問<span class="zhuanming">會</span>曰：「佛教所明善惡報應，何者是乎？」<span class="zhuanming">會</span>曰：「夫明主孝慈訓世，則赤烏翔，老人星現<a class="zhuhao" href="#961" id="957">〔一〕</a>。仁德及物，則醴泉湧，嘉苗出。善既有徵，惡亦可驗。爲惡於隱，鬼得而誅之。爲惡於顯，人得而誅之。」王曰：「若然，<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>已明。」<span class="zhuanming">會</span>云：「佛教廣也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【公】父也，正也，三公論道。【卿】九卿，謂太宰﹑光禄衛尉等。【庶寮】衆官也。【徵】問也。【昧】暗短也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">會</span>酬抗盡典謨之體，推引叶忠良之議。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>然知其不可屈，乃革容而敬焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#962" id="958">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抗】對也。【典謨】<span class="shuming">尚書</span>十例，一典二謨。【然】如是也，或剩。</span> <span>故治國者，惟聖賢與君子。如<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>之器識，末哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【末】小也。</span> <span>安得不爲亡國之主乎？向非<span class="zhuanming">會</span>以道義誘掖，蓋肆惡不知紀極，蕭牆之釁，朱殷紫闥，豈獲厚辱於<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#963" id="959">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">皓</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">宗元</span>。<span class="zhuanming">和</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">權</span>之孫也。初封<span class="zhuanming">烏程侯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">張布</span>等立之。後威虐無度，爲征南將軍<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>等收之。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>面縛降<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，入<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，封<span class="zhuanming">歸命侯</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">太康</span>元年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【掖】手持人也。【蕭牆】上肅也，臣至君屏必加敬，故曰蕭牆。蕭者，屏也。【釁】許覲切，禍也，罪也。【殷】烏閑切，赤色也。【紫闥】紫，禁也；下他曷切，門内也。【皓字宗元】應云<span class="zhuanming">元宗</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">會</span>以<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>始而來至，<span class="zhuanming">天紀</span>末，<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>降，不臘而終<a class="zhuhao" href="#964" id="960">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年辛酉到<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">天紀</span>四年庚子<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>降，得三十九年也。至冬，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>卒於<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>。</span> <span>始與國隆，終與國殲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殲，滅也。</span> <span>邦人之慕<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>，曷愈乎慕<span class="zhuanming">會</span>也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">曷，何也。愈，勝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00171','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P171</span></i>【殲】音尖，盡也，滅也。【邦】國也。【慕】思也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#957" id="961">〔一〕</a>赤烏：傳説中的瑞鳥。　老人星：壽星。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#958" id="962">〔二〕</a>酬抗：酬對，答對。　典謨：經典，法言。　叶：合。　然：乃，然後。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">伍子胥變文</span>：「先斬一身，然誅九族。」<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">漢將王陵變</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>將見<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>將走過，然知是斫營<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>將。」　革容：改變表情。按：以上<span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>事，俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">康僧會傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#959" id="963">〔三〕</a>器識：器量與見識。　誘掖：引導扶持。　肆惡：恣意作惡。　紀極：終極，限度。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「聚斂積實，不知紀極。」　蕭牆：面對國君宫門的小牆。比喻内部。　釁：嫌隙，争端。　朱殷：赤黑色。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">張侯</span>曰：『自始合，而矢貫余手及肘，余折以御，左輪朱殷，豈敢言病。吾子忍之。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「朱，血色，血色久則殷。」殷，赤黑色。　紫闥：指宫廷。闥，宫中小門。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五二<span class="shuming">崔駰傳</span>：「不以此時攀臺階，窺紫闥，據高軒，望朱閣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#960" id="964">〔四〕</a>臘：臘祭。冬至後第三個戌日祭祀衆神。</span> </p><p> <span>土德既微，鼎遷于<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#973" id="965">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>以土德而應曆數也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鼎遷】國命移於後曰運鼎遷也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">惠皇</span>失馭，天下崩裂<a class="zhuhao" href="#974" id="966">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">惠皇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>子，名<span class="zhuanming">衷</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">正度</span>。立而無智，朝政不治。至<span class="zhuanming">永康</span>年後，所在分立爲一十六國。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【馭】牛據切，使馬也。古者天子以内史爲左右手，以德法爲㘅勒，以百官爲轡，以刑罰爲策，以萬民爲馬，故馭天下數百年不失也。【崩】壞也。【裂】分剖也。【一十六國】五<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>﹑四<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>﹑三<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑二<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑一<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑一<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">前趙</span>起於<span class="zhuanming">離石</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉元海</span>，<span class="zhuanming">新興</span><span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span><span class="zhuanming">冒頓</span>之後。<span class="zhuanming">漢高祖</span>以宗女妻之，<span class="zhuanming">冒頓</span>約爲兄弟，遂姓<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>焉。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00172','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P172</span></i><span class="zhuanming">元海</span>猿臂善射，<span class="zhuanming">成都王</span><span class="zhuanming">穎</span>表之爲寧朔將軍，<span class="zhuanming">尤<a class="zhuhao" href="#975" id="967">〔三〕</a>國城</span>二旬，衆已五萬，遂僭即帝位，命子<span class="zhuanming">聰</span>寇<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="zhuanming">劉曜</span>後遷<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>所殺。共四主，二十六年<a class="zhuhao" href="#976" id="968">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離石】今<span class="zhuanming">石州</span>，屬<span class="zhuanming">太原</span>。【新興】<span class="zhuanming">新興郡</span>五縣，<span class="zhuanming">九原</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">定襄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雲中</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">廣牧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉昌</span>也。【冒】莫北切。【江州】在<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>也。此時未詳其亂。【左國城】<span class="zhuanming">離石</span>有<span class="zhuanming">左國城</span>。古本云在，<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云無，<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本云尤，皆悮。【僭帝位】應云僭<span class="zhuanming">趙天王</span>位。子<span class="zhuanming">聦</span>僭即帝位。【四主】<span class="zhuanming">劉淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉和</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉聦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉曜</span>。起<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">永興</span>元年，至<span class="zhuanming">成武</span>年<span class="zhuanming">咸和</span>四年滅也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">後趙</span>興於<span class="zhuanming">葛陂</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">上黨</span><span class="zhuanming">羯</span>人也。起<span class="zhuanming">襄國</span>，擒<span class="zhuanming">王浚</span>，降<span class="zhuanming">劉琨</span>，遂即帝位。六主，四十四年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羯】胡也。【葛陂】今<span class="zhuanming">蔡州</span><span class="zhuanming">葛陂</span>也，得<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>勸，<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>皈<span class="zhuanming">河</span>北，遂乃大王。【襄國】<span class="zhuanming">冀州</span>也。【浚】私潤切。【六主】<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石弘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石季龍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石世</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石遵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石鑒</span>。起<span class="zhuanming">元帝</span><span class="zhuanming">太興</span>二年，都三十四年滅也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span><span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>，兵强且衆。抗暴爲德，其斬刈如草木焉，沙門遇害者甚衆。<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>吊之曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#977" id="969">〔五〕</a>：「彼人之何罪而性命不保？」算因<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>將<span class="zhuanming">郭黑略</span>顯其神異，資其戎計，必獲申於<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【郭黑略】諸本皆云<span class="zhuanming">郭景</span>。</span> <span>他日，<span class="zhuanming">略</span>戰捷，遇<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>，賜顔色果，以<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>事啓之。<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>喜而召問，<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>知<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>不達玄理，對言：「至道雖遠，亦可近驗。」迺以鉢盛水，燒香祝之。須臾，生青蓮華<a class="zhuhao" href="#978" id="970">〔六〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>重其神聖，稽首下風，虚心納諫。仁惻塗炭，念慮不思<a class="zhuhao" href="#979" id="971">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>初與<span class="zhuanming">王陽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支雄</span>爲群盜，多行殺戮。又<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">季龍</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>之從子，武勇。抗所<a class="zhuhao" href="#980" id="972">〔八〕</a>士女，少有遺類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捷】疾業切，獲也，克也，勝也。【驗】證也。【稽首】<span class="zhuanming">周</span>禮，九拜之一也。【惻】愴也。</span> <span>胡<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>之人應被誅夷者，十九而生矣，真可謂探人命於虎口者也。是知脩短在聖而不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00173','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P173</span></i>在司命。司命能司之，何能脩短之？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以聖人作法而延救之，非司命之所能也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【應】當也。【誅】罪及餘曰誅，如誅樹則枝葉盡落也。【夷】滅也，平也。【探】平﹑去二音，手取物也。【脩】長也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#965" id="973">〔一〕</a>鼎遷：易代。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷九九<span class="shuming">桓玄傳贊</span>：「肆逆遷鼎，憑威縱慝；違天虐人，覆宗殄國。」古人以五行相生相克附會王朝命運。<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>以土德承<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>以金德繼<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#966" id="974">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">惠皇</span>：<span class="zhuanming">晉惠帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬衷</span>，公元二九○——三○六年在位，<span class="zhuanming">晉武帝</span>第二子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#967" id="975">〔三〕</a>尤：當爲「左」之誤，參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#968" id="976">〔四〕</a>按：參<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一○一<span class="shuming">劉元海傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#969" id="977">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，本姓<span class="zhuanming">帛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉懷帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>四年（三一○）來<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#970" id="978">〔六〕</a>青蓮華：青色的蓮華。其葉修廣，青白分明。在佛經中，常用以譬佛之眼。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#971" id="979">〔七〕</a>稽首：一種跪拜禮。叩頭至地，是九拜中最恭敬者。　下風：比喻處於下位，卑位。　仁惻：仁愛憐憫。　塗炭：爛泥和炭火，比喻極困苦的境遇。　念慮：思慮。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">説山訓</span>：「念慮者不得卧。止念慮，則有爲其所止矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#972" id="980">〔八〕</a>抗所：當爲「坑斬」之形誤。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一○六<span class="shuming">石季龍載記上</span>：「至於降城陷壘，不復斷别善惡，坑斬士女，尟有遺類。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">澄</span>聽鈴聲，兼觀油掌，寄聰明於耳目，而實虚照在心，所言無不符驗矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>每知<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>之將敗，假以油塗掌而現光。又<span class="zhuanming">郭景略</span>因以視之，假以鈴声。及念於般若波羅蜜也，而告之然，深察在心，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00174','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P174</span></i>假外事令生信，所告必符矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寄】托也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>襲僞號。將謹慢俗，聖敬日躋<a class="zhuhao" href="#983" id="981">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謹，嚴也。<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>既繼位，欲嚴謹於慢侮之俗，因自加勤敬於<span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【襲】因也，及也。【將】大也。</span> <span>下書曰：「和尚，國之大寶。榮爵不加，高禄不受。爵禄匪尚，何以旌德？從此已往，宜衣以綾錦，乘以雕輦。朝會之日，和尚昇殿，常侍已下悉舉轝，太子諸公扶翼而上，主者唱大和尚，衆坐皆起，以彰其尊。」又敕司空<span class="zhuanming">李農</span>：「旦夕親問。太子諸王，五日一朝，表朕敬焉。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爵】封也。【加】上也。【禄】俸也，善福禄也。【旌】立旌表德也。【衣】於既切，著也。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：衣夫錦，食夫稻也<a class="zhuhao" href="#984" id="982">〔二〕</a>。【乘】音繩，駕也，登也。【雕】琢也，鏤也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#981" id="983">〔一〕</a>躋：登上。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷二下：「躋，登也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#982" id="984">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「食夫稻，衣夫錦，於女安乎？」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>師出<span class="zhuanming">淮</span><span class="zhuanming">淝</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">淮水</span>出<span class="zhuanming">桐柏山</span>。<span class="zhuanming">淝水</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">廬江</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【師】兵衆曰師。【淮淝】<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚州</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">合淝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">廬州</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>軍出此也。【都洛陽】<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>都<span class="zhuanming">鄴郡</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">虎</span>竊怒曰：「吾心奉佛，更致外寇，佛無神矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【竊】私也。【寇】暴賊也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">澄</span>知之，夜過詣<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>曰：「王過去爲大商主，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>寺中常供養。大會中有六十羅漢。吾此微身，亦預斯會。時有得道者謂余曰：『此主人命盡，當更雞身，後王<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地。』今主爲王，豈非福耶？壃埸軍寇，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">壃埸，邊地也。</span> <span>國之常事耳。何爲怨謗三寶<a class="zhuhao" href="#988" id="985">〔一〕</a>，夜興毒念乎？」<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>驚赫而謝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詣】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00175','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P175</span></i>留也，至也。【預】安也，厠也。【謂】告也，報也。【更】改也。【王】去也。【疆埸】疆界也。埸，羊益切，畔也。【怨】恚也。【赧】奴版切，面赤而愧也。【謝】辭遜也。</span> <span>嘗一日與<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>坐，忽而作</span> <span class="font12 zhu">作，起也。</span> <span>曰：「變，<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span>災<a class="zhuhao" href="#989" id="986">〔二〕</a>。」遽命酒遥灑之。<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>遣驗<a class="zhuhao" href="#990" id="987">〔三〕</a>，其日火從四門起，黑雲從西南來，遇驟雨滅之。雨頗有酒氣也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遽】急也。【灑】所蟹切，手散水也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#985" id="988">〔一〕</a>怨謗：怨恨非議。<span class="shuming">墨子</span><span class="shuming">尚賢中</span>：「是以美善在上，而所怨謗在下。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#986" id="989">〔二〕</a>按：此句<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九作「變，變，<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span>當火災」。變者，奇怪也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#987" id="990">〔三〕</a>遣驗：派人驗證。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">澄</span>將終，謂<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>曰：「出入生死，道之常也。脩短分定<a class="zhuhao" href="#1002" id="991">〔一〕</a>，非所能延。夫<a class="zhuhao" href="#1003" id="992">〔二〕</a>道重行全<a class="zhuhao" href="#1004" id="993">〔三〕</a>，德重無怠。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道德不可以缺怠而獲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【非能延】應云非󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1005" id="994">〔四〕</a>能延。【夫道重】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本是天字，彼云非能延天，非也。古本云非能延夭，亦非。夫字屬下。【重】上呼。</span> <span>苟業操無虧，雖亡若存。違而獲延，非其所願。念<a class="zhuhao" href="#1006" id="995">〔五〕</a>意未盡者，以國家心存佛理，奉法無差。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【差】别也，殊也。音叉。</span> <span>興起寺廟，崇顯壯麗，稱斯懷也，宜享休祉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1007" id="996">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【稱】遂心也，去呼。【享】臨也，向也，奉也。【休祉】美福也。</span> <span>而布政猛烈，淫刑酷濫，顯違聖典，幽背法戒，不自懲革，終無福祐。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">懲，戒也。革，改也。雖建寺廟，嚴奉佛法，若刑法酷濫，終無益也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淫】亂也。【懲】戒也。</span> <span>若降心易慮，惠此下人，則國祚延長，道俗慶賴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1008" id="997">〔七〕</a>。畢命就盡，殁無遺<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00176','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P176</span></i>恨。」君子以<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>言實社禝之忠也，普門之慈也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1009" id="998">〔八〕</a>，有國者何莫志之？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子者，當時君子也，或實言以褒德。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【賴】恃也。【莫】不也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「人之云亡，邦國殄瘁。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">瞻仰</span>之章也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1010" id="999">〔九〕</a>。殄，滅也。瘁，病也。言君不善朝廷，賢人奔亡，則天下邦國將盡病矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瘁】疾醉切，困病也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>亡，彼群胡屍於<span class="zhuanming">冉閔</span>矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">世説</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>亡，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>開棺無屍，唯袈裟在。<span class="zhuanming">冉閔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>養孫，謀勇絶倫，殺<span class="zhuanming">石鑑</span>而自立。旌旗鍾鼓，綿亘百里，唯事殺戮，爲<span class="zhuanming">慕容恪</span>擒而殺之，左右七里，草木悉枯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【冉閔】殺<span class="zhuanming">石鑒</span>自立，號<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，改元<span class="zhuanming">永興</span>。立二年，爲<span class="zhuanming">慕容恪</span>滅也。【石虎養子】應云養孫。<span class="zhuanming">冉閔</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>養孫也。父<span class="zhuanming">瞻</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">冉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>破<span class="zhuanming">陳午</span>獲<span class="zhuanming">瞻</span>，命<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>子養之。<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>幼而果鋭，<span class="zhuanming">石季龍</span>撫之如孫。身長八尺，善謀軍，勇力絶敵。<span class="zhuanming">永和</span>六年殺<span class="zhuanming">石鑒</span>，誅<span class="zhuanming">季龍</span>孫三十八人，子五人。<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>僭皇帝位，國號<span class="zhuanming">大魏</span>，復姓<span class="zhuanming">冉氏</span>也。</span> <span>夫有奇質，必有奇智。有奇智，則必有奇行。有奇行，必有奇言，言則乃經。古者鱗膚﹑牛首﹑虎鼻﹑鳥喙，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>龍鱗，<span class="zhuanming">大準</span>隆鼻，<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>牛首，<span class="zhuanming">女蝸</span>蛇身，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>龍顔，<span class="zhuanming">帝嚳</span>駢齒，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>眉八彩，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>目重瞳，<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>鳥喙，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>目羊，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>背僂也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喙】詡穢切，口也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：深目而假喙。又喙長三尺是也。【駢】部田切，並駕三馬，相次差降曰駢，齒亦如是。【僂】音縷，疾也，或是傴，於武切，<span class="zhuanming">荀卿</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>傴背不伸也。</span> <span>皆禀不測之靈氣，藴不窮之聖德。而<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>左乳傍有穴，圍四五寸，徹於腹内，時有光從中出，以纊塞之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">纊，綿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禀】受也。【徹】丑列切，達也。【纊】音曠，綿也。</span> <span>夜或抽纊，則洞照一室。齊日至水滸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1011" id="1000">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">滸，水涯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洞】明也。【齊】莊也。【滸】音虎，水岸也。</span> <span>引<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00177','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P177</span></i>腸而洗之。此實至奇之表也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1012" id="1001">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並出古<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#991" id="1002">〔一〕</a>分定：命定。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">盡心下</span>：「君子所性，雖大行不加焉，雖窮居不損焉，分定故也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#992" id="1003">〔二〕</a>夫：原作「天」。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>無，<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>作「夫」。參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#993" id="1004">〔三〕</a>行全：品行完美。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">堯問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孫卿</span>迫於亂世，鰌於嚴刑，上無賢主，下遇暴<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，禮義不行，教化不成，仁者絀約，天下冥冥，行全刺之，諸侯大傾。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#994" id="1005">〔四〕</a>按：闕文原爲空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#995" id="1006">〔五〕</a>念：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九作「今」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#996" id="1007">〔六〕</a>休祉：猶福祉。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五九<span class="shuming">汝南王亮傳序</span>：「休祉盛於兩京，鼎祚隆於四百。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#997" id="1008">〔七〕</a>國祚：皇位。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">楚元王傳</span>附<span class="shuming">劉向傳</span>：「陛下爲人子孫，守持宗廟，而令國祚移於外親，降爲皁隸，縱不爲身，奈宗廟何！」　慶賴：慶幸得到依靠。語本<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">吕刑</span>：「一人有慶，兆民賴之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#998" id="1009">〔八〕</a>普門：普攝一切衆生的廣大圓融的法門。<span class="zhuanming">吉藏</span><span class="shuming">法華義疏</span>卷一二：「所言普門者，普以周普爲義，門是開通無滯之名。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#999" id="1010">〔九〕</a>人：指賢人。　云：語助詞。　亡：逃亡。　按：<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">瞻卬</span><span class="zhuanming">毛</span>序：「<span class="shuming">瞻卬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">凡伯</span>刺<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>大壞也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1000" id="1011">〔一○〕</a>齊：齋戒。齋者謂過午不食。佛教戒律上，於食分時與非時，正午以前爲正時，以後爲非時。時者宜食，非時者不宜食。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00178','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P178</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1001" id="1012">〔一一〕</a>按：以上<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>事，俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">佛圖澄傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>之亂，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>室東遷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>自<span class="zhuanming">惠帝</span>即位，朝綱紊亂，骨肉相殘。<span class="zhuanming">趙王倫</span><span class="zhuanming">永康</span>初亂，至<span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">江都</span>等作亂，<span class="zhuanming">前趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後蜀</span>競起。<span class="zhuanming">晉元帝</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>，遂過<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【紊】音問，亂也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">竺法潛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1020" id="1013">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>高僧。姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法深</span>。藴當年之譽。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法琛】琛字悮，是深字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王敦</span>之弟也。先事<span class="zhuanming">忠州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>，崇德務學，譽滿西朝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>早有才能之譽，深爲<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>所重。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忠州】<span class="zhuanming">南賓郡</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">涪州</span>之西也。【西胡】西朝悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明</span>二帝丞相<span class="zhuanming">王茂弘</span>﹑太尉<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1021" id="1014">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">庾亮</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【元明二年】年字悮，是朝字。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">元帝</span>及<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>，此明二朝爲丞相也。【庾】音愈，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>有<span class="zhuanming">長庾大夫</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">回氏</span>焉。</span> <span>皆友而敬焉。<span class="zhuanming">建武</span><span class="zhuanming">太寧</span>中，<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>恒著屐至殿内，時謂方外之士，以德重故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【建武】<span class="zhuanming">元帝</span>年號。【太寧】<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>年號。【屐】音劇，履屬。</span> <span>後隱<span class="zhuanming">剡山</span>，請益者以方等﹑<span class="shuming">老</span><span class="shuming">莊</span>，内外霑洽<a class="zhuhao" href="#1022" id="1015">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以内外經書而教導。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【剡】時染切，縣名，在<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>。【方等】大乘教名。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>徵就御筵開講，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉哀帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>子。名<span class="zhuanming">丕</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">千齡</span>。<span class="zhuanming">穆帝</span>崩，無子而立之。</span> <span>司空<span class="zhuanming">何次道</span>宗以爲師。後啓還<span class="zhuanming">剡山</span>。既卒，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>詔曰：「<span class="zhuanming">潛法師</span>理悟虚遠，風鑒清貴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1023" id="1016">〔四〕</a>。棄宰相之榮，襲染衣之素<a class="zhuhao" href="#1024" id="1017">〔五〕</a>。山居物外，篤勤匪懈<a class="zhuhao" href="#1025" id="1018">〔六〕</a>。方賴宣道，以濟蒼生。奄然遷化，用痛于懷。可賻錢十萬<a class="zhuhao" href="#1026" id="1019">〔七〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">贈死曰賻。<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>名<span class="zhuanming">曜</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">昌明</span>，則<span class="zhuanming">海西王</span>第三子也。<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>輔政，帝幼而聰悟，十歲即位。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【襲】入也。【素】空也。【奄】音掩，忽也，遽也。【賻】音附。【海西王子】注悮，<span class="zhuanming">簡文帝</span>子。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00179','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P179</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1013" id="1020">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">竺法潛</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四：「<span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法深</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瑯琊</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">武昌郡公</span><span class="zhuanming">敦</span>之弟也。年十八出家，事<span class="zhuanming">中州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>爲師。<span class="zhuanming">元真</span>早有才解之譽，故<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>贊曰：『索索虚衿，翳翳閑沖，誰其體之，在我<span class="zhuanming">劉公</span>。談能彫飾，照足開矇，懷抱之内，豁爾每融。』<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>伏膺已後，剪削浮華，崇本務學，微言興化，譽洽西朝，風姿容貌，堂堂如也。至年二十四，講<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大品</span>，既藴深解，復能善説，故觀風味道者，常數盈五百。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>初，避亂過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元皇</span>及<span class="zhuanming">蕭祖</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">王茂弘</span>﹑大尉<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span>，並欽其風德，友而敬焉。<span class="zhuanming">建武</span><span class="zhuanming">太寧</span>中，<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>恒著屐至殿内，時人咸謂方外之士，以德重故也。<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蕭祖</span>昇遐，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">庾</span>又薨，乃隱跡<span class="zhuanming">剡山</span>，以避當世，追蹤問道者，已復結旅山門。<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>優游講席三十餘載，或暢方等，或釋<span class="shuming">老</span>﹑<span class="shuming">莊</span>，投身北面者，莫不内外兼洽。至<span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>好重佛法，頻遣兩使慇懃徵請，<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>以詔旨之重，暫遊宫闕，即於御筵開講<span class="shuming">大品</span>，上及朝士並稱善焉。于時<span class="zhuanming">簡文</span>作相，朝野以爲至德，以<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>是道俗標領，又先朝友敬尊重，挹服頂戴兼常，迄乎龍飛，虔禮彌篤。<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>嘗於<span class="zhuanming">簡文</span>處遇<span class="zhuanming">沛國</span><span class="zhuanming">劉惔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">惔</span>嘲之曰：『道士何以遊朱門？』<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>曰：『君自睹其朱門，貧道見爲蓬户。』司空<span class="zhuanming">何次道</span>懿德純素，篤信經典，每加祗崇，遵以師資之敬，數相招請，屢興法祀。<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>雖復從運東西，而素懷不樂，乃啓還<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>之<span class="zhuanming">仰山</span>，遂其先志，於是逍遥林阜，以畢餘年。……以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">寧康</span>二年卒於山館，春秋八十有九。<span class="zhuanming">烈宗</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>詔曰：『<span class="zhuanming">深法師</span>理悟虚遠，風鑒清貞，棄宰相之榮，襲染衣之素。山居人外，篤勤匪懈。方賴宣道，以濟蒼生，奄然遷化，用痛于懷，可賻錢十萬，星馳驛送。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1014" id="1021">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">元</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">晉元帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬睿</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">明</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">晉明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬紹</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1015" id="1022">〔三〕</a>方等：指一切大乘經教。<span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">師患脚付二弟子喻</span>：「方等學者非斥小乘，小乘學者復非方<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00180','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P180</span></i>等，故使大聖法典二途兼亡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1016" id="1023">〔四〕</a>風鑒：風度和鑒識。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五四<span class="shuming">陸機陸雲傳論</span>：「風鑒澄爽，神情俊邁，文藻宏麗，獨步當時。」　清貴：清高可貴。貴，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四作「貞」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1017" id="1024">〔五〕</a>襲：衣上加衣。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">内則</span>：「寒不敢襲，癢不敢搔。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「襲謂重衣。」　染衣：用木蘭等壞色染成的衣，即僧衣。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷七：「<span class="shuming">大論</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子受禁戒是其性，剃髮割截染衣是其相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1018" id="1025">〔六〕</a>物：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四作「人」。　篤勤：極度勤勉。<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇序</span>：「自非至精，不能尋究；自非篤勤，不能悉見也。」　匪解：不懈怠。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">烝民</span>：「夙夜匪解，以事一人。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「匪，非也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「早起夜卧，非有懈倦之時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1019" id="1026">〔七〕</a>遷化：謂死。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">外戚傳上</span><span class="shuming">孝武李夫人</span>：「忽遷化而不反兮，魄放逸以飛揚。」<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">壇經</span>：「大師云此語已，夜至三更，奄然遷化。」　用：表示結果，相當於「因而」﹑「於是」。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「朋淫於家，用殄厥也。」　賻：<span class="shuming">玉篇</span>：「賻，以財助喪也。」按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四此句後還有「星馳驛送」句，於意更爲完整，可據補。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">穆帝</span>世</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉穆皇帝</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">聃</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">彭祖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">康帝</span>子，立年二歲，<span class="zhuanming">褚太后</span>臨朝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1047" id="1027">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【褚】張吕切。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">支道林</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1048" id="1028">〔二〕</a>，緇林之奇茂者也。素風泠然<a class="zhuhao" href="#1049" id="1029">〔三〕</a>，清波繁華。築室林野，隱居求志。道德文章，爲世所仰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仰】舉也，倣也。</span> <span>天子﹑三事﹑庶尹﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三事，三公也。庶尹，衆卿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尹】正也，治也。</span> <span>賢士﹑大夫﹑巖藪﹑知名<a class="zhuhao" href="#1050" id="1030">〔四〕</a>，無不高其英邁<a class="zhuhao" href="#1051" id="1031">〔五〕</a>，欽承道論。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巖藪】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00181','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P181</span></i>巖澤也。無水曰巖，有水曰澤。【英邁】俊遠也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉惔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷浩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓彦表</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王文度</span>，若斯之徒，國華物紀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1052" id="1032">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>公卿貴族之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【劉惔】下徒甘切。恢字悮。</span> <span>咸以八關齋法，山行澤宿，假日盤集<a class="zhuhao" href="#1053" id="1033">〔七〕</a>，滌濯冠帶，供薦香花<a class="zhuhao" href="#1054" id="1034">〔八〕</a>，邕邕穆穆，周旋顧慕<a class="zhuhao" href="#1055" id="1035">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">邕邕穆穆，和樂之皃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暇日】假日悮。【滌】音笛。</span> <span>契賞清奇，爲一世之盛矣。<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>謂人曰：「一往之氣，亦何足信<a class="zhuhao" href="#1056" id="1036">〔一○〕</a>。」既見，方悔前言殆乎耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殆，墯也。或本作「玷」，並通。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殆】淺也，近也。【玷】丁簟切，𨵗也，白珪之玷。</span> <span>夫所以陳有生者，昭其類也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「惟其友之，是以似之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1057" id="1037">〔一一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">常常者華</span>之卒章也。意以其君子有此高尚之風，所得之友皆相似之。與<span class="shuming">詩</span>少别，不以文害意也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【友】上是有字。【棠者華之卒】古本云棠棣者莘，餘本云常者華，皆悮。【興詩】上是與字。</span> <span>是知梟鳳不相群，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">梟，不孝鳥也。食母而飛，冬令捕而磔之於路。字從木，上鳥。鳳，瑞鳥也。雞頭﹑蛇頸﹑燕頷﹑龜背﹑魚尾，五色，高六尺，其雌曰皇。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【梟鳳】<span class="zhuanming">劉孝標</span><span class="shuming">辯命論</span>云：「薰蕕不同臨，梟鳳不接翼。」意同此也。【磔】知革切，裂也，張也。【燕頷】上去呼，玄鳥；下胡感切。</span> <span>豹豕不相侣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">豹，獸，如虎而小。豕，豬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【豹】比教切，山獸也。</span> <span>舉善以求黨，蓋率古之風也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">率，循也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】音旬，善也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「不知其人，觀其所友。不知其君，觀其所使。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1058" id="1038">〔一二〕</a>賢賢乎哉，寔<span class="zhuanming">孔聖</span>矣！夫七子從之，<span class="zhuanming">晉侯</span>霸也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七子，謂<span class="zhuanming">顛頶</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1059" id="1039">〔一三〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏武子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">司空季子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">狐偃</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙衰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">狐毛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">賈佗</span>。七人從<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">重耳</span>出奔，終歸霸<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寔】是也。【從】去聲，隨行也。【頡】紅<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00182','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P182</span></i>結切。</span> <span>四翁來護，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>儲定也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢高祖</span>以<span class="zhuanming">戚夫人</span>將立太子，未定，上下惶惶。<span class="zhuanming">張良</span>令<span class="zhuanming">吕后</span>請於<span class="zhuanming">商山</span>輔之，入朝，<span class="zhuanming">高皇</span>一見，其位乃定矣。四皓，一<span class="zhuanming">東園公</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">夏黄公</span>，三<span class="zhuanming">綺里季</span>，四<span class="zhuanming">甪里先生</span>。甪音禄<a class="zhuhao" href="#1060" id="1040">〔一四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儲】音除，副也。【將】應云將齊太子。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>去<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之興也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">范睢</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>所譖，受<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>之恥，乃改姓名，稱<span class="zhuanming">張禄先生</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>用之爲相，封侯，而大興<span class="zhuanming">秦國</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1061" id="1041">〔一五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【睢】音雖。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>相<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>之亡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">史記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>生<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>，事<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>。多力，又善譖毁諸侯。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，誅殺<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1062" id="1042">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span>其言至驗，人罕存懷。故古黨舉黨誅，誠不失天下之善惡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古刑：其黨善者尽賞之；其黨有惡，緣坐而誅之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黨】五百家爲黨。</span> <span>今之小人，多竊君子友生爲譽<a class="zhuhao" href="#1063" id="1043">〔一七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">近日矯詐之徒，自無德行，依附高流。苟求声譽，狐媚於世也。</span> <span>而閭里不討其端倪，相與納其誣譎，而高識者難獨謂之不然<a class="zhuhao" href="#1064" id="1044">〔一八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【閭】里也。【里】五家爲軌，五軌爲里正也。【討】治也。【端倪】上正直也，下莫奚切，<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云「和之以天倪」，乃自然之分也。【相與】黨也。【誣譎】誑詐。</span> <span>故朋友焉，於古則直，於今則濫矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子云：友直，友諒，友多聞，益矣；友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，損矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1065" id="1045">〔一九〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">林公</span>被留京師三載，思歸<span class="zhuanming">東山</span>，帝不時允，固以表辭，其誠哀焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1066" id="1046">〔二○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【京師】京，大也。師，衆也。天子所居，必衆大也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1027" id="1047">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">穆皇帝</span>：<span class="zhuanming">司馬聃</span>（公元三四三—三六一年），字<span class="zhuanming">彭子</span>，公元三四四—三六一年在位，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>第五代皇帝。<span class="zhuanming">晉穆帝</span>是<span class="zhuanming">晉康帝</span>之長子，母<span class="zhuanming">褚蒜子</span>。繼位時年僅二歲，由<span class="zhuanming">褚太后</span>掌政。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1028" id="1048">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">支道林</span>：<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">關</span>氏，<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>人。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00183','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P183</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1029" id="1049">〔三〕</a>素風：清高的風操。<span class="zhuanming">傅亮</span><span class="shuming">爲宋公修楚元王墓教</span>：「素風道業，作範後昆。」　泠然：輕妙貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">列子</span>御風而行，泠然善也，旬有五日而後反。」<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「泠然，輕妙之貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1030" id="1050">〔四〕</a>三事：指三公。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">雨無正</span>：「三事大夫，莫肯夙夜。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「三事大夫爲三公耳。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">韋賢傳</span>：「於赫三事，匪俊匪作。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「三事，三公之位也。」　庶尹：這裏指百官。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五三<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">辨亡論上</span>：「庶尹盡規於上，四民展業於下。」<span class="zhuanming">吕延濟</span>注：「庶尹，百官也。」　巖藪：山澤，山野。<span class="zhuanming">鄒陽</span><span class="shuming">獄中上書自明</span>：「今欲使天下恢廓之士……回面汙行以事諂諛之人，而求親近於左右，則士有伏死堀穴巖藪之中耳。」這裏指巖藪之士。　知名：在野不仕的名士。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1031" id="1051">〔五〕</a>英邁：才智超群。<span class="zhuanming">梁簡文帝</span><span class="shuming">侍講</span>：「英邁八解心，高超七花意。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1032" id="1052">〔六〕</a>國華：國家傑出人材。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷八二上<span class="shuming">方術傳論</span>：「至乃誚譟遠術，賤斥國華。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「遠術謂禮樂，國華謂懷道隱逸之士也。」　物紀：法則，準則。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1033" id="1053">〔七〕</a>八關齋：佛教在家信徒一晝夜受持的八條戒律。「齋」指非時不食。佛教認爲有浄化身心，遠離妄想的作用。「關」指關閉，關閉衆生生死之門。<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷一三五<span class="shuming">齊武帝永明元年</span>：「會上於<span class="zhuanming">華林園</span>設八關齋，朝臣皆預。」<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之戒：一，不殺生；二，不偷盜；三，不邪淫；四，不妄語；五，不飲酒﹑食肉；六，不著花鬘瓔珞﹑香油塗身﹑歌舞倡伎故往觀聽；七，不得坐高廣大牀；八，不得過齋後喫食。以上八戒，故爲八關。」　盤：盤遊，遊樂。　集：聚會。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1034" id="1054">〔八〕</a>滌濯：洗滌。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">天官</span><span class="shuming">大宰</span>：「及執事，眡滌濯。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「滌濯，謂溉祭器及甑甗之屬。」　供薦：進獻，祭獻。　香花：香和花，均爲常用的供佛之物，如<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span><span class="shuming">序品</span>謂：「有香華伎樂，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00184','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P184</span></i>常以供養。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1035" id="1055">〔九〕</a>邕邕：和樂貌。「邕」通「雍」。<span class="zhuanming">嵇康</span><span class="shuming">遊仙詩</span>：「臨觴奏<span class="shuming">九韶</span>，<span class="shuming">雅歌</span>何邕邕。」　穆穆：亦和美也。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">文王</span>：「穆穆<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，於緝熙敬止。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「穆穆，美也。」　周旋：應酬。　顧慕：眷念愛慕，嚮往。<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span><span class="shuming">文心雕龍</span><span class="shuming">通變</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之賦頌，影寫<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>世；<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>之篇製，顧慕<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>風。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1036" id="1056">〔一○〕</a>一往：一時。<span class="zhuanming">蘇軾</span><span class="shuming">沉香山子賦</span>：「幸置此於几席，養幽芳於帨帉，無一往之發烈，有無窮之氤氲。」　信：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「言」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1037" id="1057">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">裳裳者華</span>：「左之左之，君子宜之。右之右之，君子有之。維其有之，是以似之。」　按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">關氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>人，或云<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">林慮</span>人。幼有神理，聰明秀徹。初至京師，<span class="zhuanming">太原</span><span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>甚重之曰：『造微之功，不減<span class="zhuanming">輔嗣</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">殷融</span>嘗與<span class="zhuanming">衛玠</span>交，謂其神情俊徹，後進莫有繼之者。及見<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>，歎息以爲重見若人。家世事佛，早悟非常之理。隱居<span class="zhuanming">餘杭山</span>，深思<span class="shuming">道行</span>之品，委曲<span class="shuming">慧印</span>之經。卓焉獨拔，得自天心。年二十五出家，每至講肆，善標宗會，而章句或有所遺，時爲守文者所陋。<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>聞而善之，曰：『此乃<span class="zhuanming">九方堙</span>之相馬也，略其玄黄而取其駿逸。』<span class="zhuanming">王洽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉恢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷浩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓彦表</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王敬仁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">何次道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王文度</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝長遐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">袁彦伯</span>等，並一代名流，皆著塵外之狎。……<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>時在<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>，素聞<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>名，未之信，謂人曰：『一往之氣，何足言？』後<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>既還<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>，經由于郡，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>故詣<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>，觀其風力。既至，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>曰：『<span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>可得聞乎？』<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>乃作數千言，標揭新理，才藻驚絶。<span class="zhuanming">王</span>遂披衿解帶，流連不能已。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1038" id="1058">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷四<span class="shuming">六本</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾死之後，則<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也日益，<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也日損。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『何謂也？』子曰：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00185','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P185</span></i>『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也好與賢己者處，<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也好説不若己者。不知其子，視其父。不知其人，視其友。不知其君，視其所使。不知其地，視其草木。故曰與善人居，如入芝蘭之室，久而不聞其香，即與之化矣。與不善人居，如入鮑魚之肆，久而不聞其臭，亦與之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所與處者焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1039" id="1059">〔一三〕</a>頶：「頡」字之形誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1040" id="1060">〔一四〕</a>甪：底本两「甪」字均誤爲「角」。<span class="zhuanming">四皓</span>等事，俱見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">留侯世家</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1041" id="1061">〔一五〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">范雎蔡澤列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1042" id="1062">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">秦本紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">中衍</span>）玄孫曰<span class="zhuanming">中潏</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>，保<span class="zhuanming">西垂</span>。生<span class="zhuanming">蜚廉</span>。<span class="zhuanming">蜚廉</span>生<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>。<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>有力，<span class="zhuanming">蜚廉</span>善走，父子俱以材力事<span class="zhuanming">殷紂</span>。<span class="zhuanming">周武王</span>之伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，并殺<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1043" id="1063">〔一七〕</a>友生：朋友。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">常棣</span>：「雖有兄弟，不如友生。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1044" id="1064">〔一八〕</a>閭里：鄰居。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">至樂</span>：「吾使司命復生子形，爲子骨肉肌膚，反子父母﹑妻子﹑閭里﹑知識，子欲之乎？」　端倪：頭緒﹑跡象。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「反覆終始，不知端倪。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「端，緒也。倪，畔也。」　譎：欺騙。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「譎，權詐也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1045" id="1065">〔一九〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『益者三友，損者三友。友直，友諒，友多聞，益矣；友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，損矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1046" id="1066">〔二○〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>淹留京師，涉將三載，乃還<span class="zhuanming">東山</span>，上書告辭曰：『<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>頓首言，敢以不才，希風世表，未能鞭後，用愆靈化。蓋沙門之義，法出佛聖，彫純反朴，絶欲歸宗。遊虚玄之肆，守内聖之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00186','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P186</span></i>則，佩五戒之貞，毗外王之化。諧無聲之樂，以自得爲和。篤慈愛之孝，蠕動無傷。銜撫恤之哀，永悼不仁。秉未兆之順，遠防宿命。挹無位之節，履亢不悔。是以哲王御南面之重，莫不欽其風尚，安其逸軌，探其順心，略其形敬，故令歷代彌新矣。陛下天鍾聖德，雅尚不倦，道遊靈模，日昃忘御。可謂鍾鼓晨極，聲振天下。清風既邵，莫不幸甚。上願陛下齊齡二儀，弘敷至化。去陳信之妖誣，尋丘禱之弘議，絶小塗之致泥，奮宏轡於夷路。若然者，<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>不婬<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>之旅，得一以成靈；王者非圓丘而不禋，得一以永貞。若使貞靈各一，人神相忘，君君而下無親舉，神神而呪不加靈，玄德交被，民荷冥祐。恢恢六合，成吉祥之宅；洋洋<span class="zhuanming">大晉</span>，爲元亨之宇。常無爲而萬物歸宗，執大象而天下自往。國典刑殺，則有司存焉。若生而非惠，則賞者自得。戮而非怒，則罰者自刑。弘公器以厭神意，提銓衡以極冥量。所謂天何言哉，四時行焉。貧道野逸<span class="zhuanming">東山</span>，與世異榮，菜蔬長阜，漱流清壑。繿縷畢世，絶窺皇階。不悟乾光曲曜，猥被蓬蓽，頻奉明詔，使詣上京，進退惟谷，不知所厝。自到天道，屢蒙引見，優以賓禮，策以微言。每愧才不拔滯，理無拘新，不足對揚玄模，允塞視聽，踧踖侍人，流汗位席。曩四翁赴<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">干木</span>蕃<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，皆出處有時，默語適會。今德非昔人，動静乖衷，遊魂禁省，鼓言帝側，將困非據，何能有爲？且歲月僶俛，感若斯之歎，況復同志索居，綜習遼落，延首東顧，孰能無懷？上願陛下時蒙放遣，歸之林薄，以鳥養鳥，所荷爲優。謹露板以聞，申其愚管，裹糧望路，伏待慈詔。』詔即許焉。資給發遣，事事豐厚。」</span> </p><p> <span>僞<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1069" id="1067">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，預言之事多驗。<span class="zhuanming">建元</span>十五年至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，十六年卒，十七年大旱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蜀人】<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人是，<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>人者，悮也。【十五年至】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云一十一年至也。</span> <span>不食五穀，日行五百<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00187','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P187</span></i>里，能呪龍下鉢中，令降雨。<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>没，歲大旱。<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">朱彤</span>曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">朱彤</span>，祕書監也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1070" id="1068">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祕書監】<span class="zhuanming">朱彤</span>爲中書也。</span> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>若在，豈使朕燋心於雲漢哉？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1067" id="1069">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">涉公傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人也。虚靖服氣，不食五穀。日能行五百里。言未然之事，驗若指掌。以<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>十二年至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。能以祕呪，呪下神龍。每旱，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>常請之呪龍。俄而龍下鉢中，天輒大雨。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>及群臣親就鉢中觀之，咸歎其異。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>奉爲國神，士庶皆投身接足，自是無復炎旱之憂。至十六年十二月無疾而化，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>哭之甚慟。卒後七日，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>以其神異，試開棺視之，不見尸骸所在，唯有殮被存焉。至十七年，自正月不雨，至于六月。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>減膳撤懸，以迎和氣，至七月降雨。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>謂中書<span class="zhuanming">朱肜</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>若在，朕豈燋心於雲漢若是哉？此公其大聖乎！』<span class="zhuanming">肜</span>曰：『斯術幽遠，實亦曠古之奇也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1068" id="1070">〔二〕</a>朱彤：當作「朱肜」。<span class="zhuanming">朱肜</span>曾爲<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>羽林左監﹑祕書監。</span> </p><p> <span>初，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>太史奏：「有德星現於外國分野，當有聖人入輔中國，得之者王。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輔】前丞後疑，左弼右輔。【王】音旺。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>乃分命<span class="zhuanming">符丕</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">丕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>之庶子也。</span> <span>伐<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>取<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>討<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>求<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1080" id="1071">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">具足云<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">童真</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【童真】正云<span class="zhuanming">童壽</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>陷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>南中郎將<span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">丕</span>所陷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【朱】云外序者悮也。</span> <span>致<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>並<span class="zhuanming">習鑿齒</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1081" id="1072">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>喜曰：「朕用師十萬，得一人之半也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1082" id="1073">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">一人謂<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，半謂<span class="zhuanming">習鑿齒</span>。</span> <span>國有疑謀並古器服﹑篆隸﹑寶玉所不識者，俾諮詢于<span class="zhuanming">安</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1083" id="1074">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諮】音咨，問也。【詢】音荀，咨也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>嘗欲遊<span class="zhuanming">東苑</span>，命<span class="zhuanming">安</span>同輦。<span class="zhuanming">權翼</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00188','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P188</span></i>諫曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>左僕射。</span> <span>「臣聞天子法駕，侍中陪乘。<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>毁形賤士，寧可參逼乘輿<a class="zhuhao" href="#1084" id="1075">〔五〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陪】音裴，厠也。【參逼】承近也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>忿然作色曰：「<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>道冥至境<a class="zhuhao" href="#1085" id="1076">〔六〕</a>，德爲時尊。朕舉天下之重，不足以易之。非公之榮，乃朕之榮也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【非公之榮乃朕之榮也】<span class="shuming">記</span>云：舉天下不易之，非公輦輿之榮，此乃朕之顯也。</span> <span>使<span class="zhuanming">翼</span>扶<span class="zhuanming">安</span>登輦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1086" id="1077">〔七〕</a>。然臣諫，顯忠也。主拒，愛賢也。<span class="zhuanming">權</span>則區區之尺度，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>之諫，乃臣子之宜。然不能尊賢重德，亦器量之未廣也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【拒】逆也。【區】烏侯切，小器也。【尺度】下音鐸，量也。尺度，小器也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">符</span>則汪汪之陂湖。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">安公</span>實爲一代之賢，<span class="zhuanming">符主</span>深所器重。雖有强諫之言，亦終不納，信爲深識之見也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陂】音碑，澤障曰陂。【湖】江廣曰湖。</span> <span>君臣向背，若不相合，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若，然也，似也。</span> <span>而於國則合矣。故君子和而不同，匪兹何取焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子之道不争，然所見各不同，所謂殊途而同歸也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【君子和而不同】<span class="shuming">論語</span>云：小人同而不和也。【匪兹】捨此也。</span> <span>彼僞<span class="zhuanming">符</span>猶愈於真<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桀</span>雖真主而無道，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>雖僞霸而有德。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僞符】夫帝天下者，必乘五行氣運以應上命，故<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span><span class="zhuanming">五帝</span><span class="zhuanming">三王</span>及<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>是也。至於<span class="zhuanming">三國</span>而分正説，東西二<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>爲真命，外有分割華戎一十六國，皆附載<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>史者，並爲僞僭也。</span> <span>誠可謂得霸之道也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">常山</span><span class="zhuanming">扶柳</span>人，姓<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>。家世英儒，早失覆蔭，爲外兄所養。七歲讀書，再覽能誦。十二出家。皃陋，不<a class="zhuhao" href="#1087" id="1078">〔八〕</a>爲師之所重。執勞作役，曾無怨色。數歲之後，方啓求經，與<span class="shuming">辯意經</span>一卷，可五千言。齎經入田，暮還已誦。復與<span class="shuming">成具光明經</span>一卷，咸萬言，如初亦誦。師執經覆之，不差一字矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1088" id="1079">〔九〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【咸萬言】上是減字。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00189','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P189</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1071" id="1080">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>（公元三三七—三九九年），字<span class="zhuanming">世明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">略陽</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">秦安</span>東南）人，<span class="zhuanming">氐</span>族。<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>十八年（三八二），受<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>之命征討<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，降<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>﹑破<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>。公元三九六年，建國<span class="zhuanming">大涼</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1072" id="1081">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">次倫</span>，鎮<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，因部將開城降<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，被擒。<span class="zhuanming">淝水</span>之戰，被派往<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>營勸降，盡以<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>軍虚實告<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，並勸速决，又於陣上詐呼<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>軍已敗，致使<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>大軍崩潰。傳見<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷八一。　致：得到。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1073" id="1082">〔三〕</a>見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>素聞<span class="zhuanming">安</span>名，每云：『<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>有<span class="zhuanming">釋道安</span>是神器，方欲致之，以輔朕躬。』後遣<span class="zhuanming">符丕</span>南攻<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>與<span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>俱獲於<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>謂僕射<span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>曰：『朕以十萬之師取<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，唯得一人半。』<span class="zhuanming">翼</span>曰：『誰耶？』<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>一人，<span class="zhuanming">習鑿齒</span>半人也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1074" id="1083">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">安</span>外涉群書，善爲文章。<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>中，衣冠子弟爲詩賦者，皆依附致譽。時<span class="zhuanming">藍田縣</span>得一大鼎，容二十七斛，邊有篆銘，人莫能識，乃以示<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>云：『此古篆書。云<span class="zhuanming">魯襄公</span>所鑄。』乃寫爲隸文。又有人持一銅斛於市賣之，其形正圓，下向爲斗。横梁昂者爲斗，低者爲合，梁一頭爲籥，籥同鍾，容半合，邊有篆銘。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>以問<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>云：『此<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>自言出自<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，皇龍集戊辰，改正即真，以同律量，布之四方，欲小大器鈞，令天下取平焉。』其多聞廣識如此。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>敕學士内外有疑，皆師於<span class="zhuanming">安</span>。故京兆爲之語曰：『學不師<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，義不中難。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1075" id="1084">〔五〕</a>法駕：天子車駕的一種。天子的鹵簿（出外時扈從的儀仗隊）分大駕﹑法駕﹑小駕三種，其儀衛之繁簡各有不同。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">吕太后本紀</span>：「迺奉天子法駕，迎<span class="zhuanming">代王</span>於邸。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span>曰：「天子有大駕﹑小駕﹑法駕。法駕上所乘，曰金根車，駕六馬，有五時副車，皆駕四馬，侍中參乘，屬車三十六乘。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00190','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P190</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1076" id="1085">〔六〕</a>冥：默契，暗合。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1077" id="1086">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>：「會<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>出東苑，命<span class="zhuanming">安</span>升輦同載，僕射<span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>諫曰：『臣聞天子法駕，侍中陪乘。<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>毁形，寧可參厠？』<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>勃然作色曰：『<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>道德可尊，朕以天下不易。輿輦之榮，未稱其德。』即敕僕射扶<span class="zhuanming">安</span>登輦。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1078" id="1087">〔八〕</a>不：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「下」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1079" id="1088">〔九〕</a>字：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「宇」。　按：以上<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>事，見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>克<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>與<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">前燕</span>即<span class="zhuanming">慕容暐</span>，據<span class="zhuanming">鄴都</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>所破。<span class="zhuanming">前涼</span><span class="zhuanming">張天錫</span>，據<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>所滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暐】于鬼切。</span> <span>降其君爲臣。<span class="zhuanming">渤海</span><span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>，恢爲國壤。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">渤海</span>盡東，<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>盡西。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盡】即忍切，極也。</span> <span>足食足兵，威振海内。常患不得纘<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>舊服<a class="zhuhao" href="#1094" id="1089">〔一〕</a>，登<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>而望<span class="zhuanming">滄海</span>，朝萬國以號令天下，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">禹</span>於<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>會萬國，諸侯執玉帛而朝貢。<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">越州</span><span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【足兵足食】<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問政，子曰：足兵足食，民信之矣。足，入也。【纘】作管切，繼也。【萬國】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云園，悮。【塗山】<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">九江</span><span class="zhuanming">當塗縣</span>。<span class="shuming">唐志</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">濠州</span><span class="zhuanming">鐘離郡</span>，不屬<span class="zhuanming">越州</span>。</span> <span>累問<span class="zhuanming">安</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>之計。<span class="zhuanming">安</span>亟曰：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>德雖微，天命未改，難可圖也。」君子亦以爲私護援本朝而實得禮也，故一言而兼致焉。<span class="zhuanming">符</span>以獨夫之見，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">書</span>云：獨夫<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1095" id="1090">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亟】音器，數也。【援】音院，助也。</span> <span>爰舉百萬之衆，<span class="zhuanming">符融</span>治前軍。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人詐之，末鼓未成列，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>師大崩潰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>之兵騎八十七萬，前後千里，旗鼓相望。東西萬里，水陸並進，<span class="zhuanming">符融</span>爲將。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>等以水軍七萬拒之。<span class="zhuanming">王道子</span>以鼓吹求助於<span class="zhuanming">鍾山</span>神<a class="zhuhao" href="#1096" id="1091">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>至<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>，登城而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00191','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P191</span></i>望，見<span class="zhuanming">八公山</span>上草木皆人狀，引軍陣於<span class="zhuanming">淝水</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>師不得渡。遣使謂<span class="zhuanming">融</span>曰：「君懸軍深入<a class="zhuhao" href="#1097" id="1092">〔四〕</a>，逼水爲陣，此乃持久之計。豈欲戰乎？若小退師，令將士周旋，僕與群公緩轡而觀之。不亦善乎？」<span class="zhuanming">融</span>揮軍却陣，軍遂奔退，制之不可。<span class="zhuanming">融</span>馳騎掠陣，馬倒，爲軍所殺。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【潰】胡外切，叛也，亂也，散也。【王導】應云<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span><span class="zhuanming">王導子</span>。【山止】注云山上是，山止悮也。【緩轡】舒馬鞍也。</span> <span>自後<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>復於<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>敗後，<span class="zhuanming">慕容沖</span>起兵攻<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">慕容垂</span>歸<span class="zhuanming">鄴城</span>而稱<span class="zhuanming">後燕</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">涼</span>復于<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>本<span class="zhuanming">張軌</span>將，後稱<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>於<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>於<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暠】古老切。【燉煌】上音屯，下皇，<span class="zhuanming">沙州</span><span class="zhuanming">燉煌郡</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>據于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姚長</span>遣將圍<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>於<span class="zhuanming">五將山</span>，執而縊之于<span class="zhuanming">新平</span>佛寺，自立爲<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姚興】應云<span class="zhuanming">姚萇</span>。【新平】<span class="zhuanming">邠州</span><span class="zhuanming">新平郡</span>。【縊】自繼也。</span> <span>先是<span class="zhuanming">釋公</span>亡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">釋公</span>即<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>臨慟</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哀過曰慟。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慟】哀而過禮。</span> <span>曰：「吾其未濟也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1098" id="1093">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>捨我而去矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【未】不也。</span> <span>於其言寧謬哉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1089" id="1094">〔一〕</a>舊服：舊有的屬地。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">仲虺之誥</span>：「天乃錫王勇智，表正萬邦，纘<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>舊服。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「言天與王勇智，應爲民主，儀表天下，法正萬國，繼<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>之功，統其故服。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1090" id="1095">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「獨夫<span class="zhuanming">受</span>，洪惟作威，乃汝世讎。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1091" id="1096">〔三〕</a>鼓吹：鼓吹曲。用鼓﹑鉦﹑簫﹑笳等樂器合奏。<span class="zhuanming">沈約</span><span class="shuming">梁鼓吹曲十二首</span>詩序：「<span class="shuming">鼓吹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>並用<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>曲，又克庭用十六曲，<span class="zhuanming">梁祖</span>乃去四曲，合日時也。更制新歌以述功德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1092" id="1097">〔四〕</a>懸軍：深入敵方的孤軍。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷七七<span class="shuming">柳元景傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">元景</span>大軍次<span class="zhuanming">臼口</span>，以前鋒深入，懸軍無繼。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1093" id="1098">〔五〕</a>未濟：没有成功。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">未濟</span>：「象曰：火在水上，未濟，君子以慎辨物居方。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00192','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P192</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">安</span>初謂<span class="zhuanming">王子年</span>曰：「世途若此，盍行乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盍，何不也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">年</span>曰：「公可前往，須吾償後債耳。」<span class="zhuanming">年</span>後得害於<span class="zhuanming">姚萇</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王嘉</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子年</span>，<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>人。形皃鄙陋，似若不足。好滑稽，不食五穀。有問善惡，應答狀如戲調，事過多驗。答<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>云：「小債未了，不得俱去。」及<span class="zhuanming">姚萇</span>得<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">符登</span>相持甚久。<span class="zhuanming">萇</span>問之：「朕當得否？」答曰：「略得。」<span class="zhuanming">萇</span>曰：「當言得，何略之有？」因斬之。<span class="zhuanming">萇</span>死後，子<span class="zhuanming">興</span>方殺<span class="zhuanming">登</span>。<span class="zhuanming">興</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子略</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">嘉</span>所謂「略得」之意也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【償】報也。【萇】音長。【滑稽】排諧好笑語也。上音骨，下音雞。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">法汰</span>如于<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>，謁<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>。<span class="zhuanming">温</span>恃威名重，不速於賓接。<span class="zhuanming">汰</span>患其躊躇，忽告謁者曰：「吾有疾。」遽退。他日<span class="zhuanming">汰</span>至，<span class="zhuanming">温</span>不俟履屨而前之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法汰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東莧</span>人，少與<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>同學。才辯雖不及<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，而姿皃過之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【汰】音太，法字悮。【如】往也。【荆】<span class="zhuanming">晉武</span>平<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>後分天下爲九州，部置一也。【謁】於歇切，投見也。【躊躇】上音儔，下音除，猶預不前也。【俟】待也。【履屨】下居芋切，皮曰履，蔴曰屨。【東莞】下音官，<span class="zhuanming">鄆州</span><span class="zhuanming">東莞郡</span>。諸本莧，悮。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">安</span>既俘于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，門人各馳散。<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>初將届<span class="zhuanming">羅浮</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1101" id="1099">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">山近南海。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俘】音敷，因也，或殍字，死也。</span> <span>至<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">江州</span>也。</span> <span>卜<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>而棲息。既獲朽壤抽泉，故不求去。<span class="zhuanming">慧永</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">並<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>門人。</span> <span>邀止<span class="zhuanming">西林</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>之<span class="zhuanming">西林寺</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邀】腰﹑袅二音，遠諸也。</span> <span>後刺史<span class="zhuanming">桓伊</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>臣也。</span> <span>别立<span class="zhuanming">東林寺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1102" id="1100">〔二〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1099" id="1101">〔一〕</a>届：到。　<span class="zhuanming">羅浮</span>：山名，在今<span class="zhuanming">廣東</span><span class="zhuanming">惠州</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00193','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P193</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1100" id="1102">〔二〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>所拘，不能得去。乃分張徒衆，各隨所之。臨路，諸長德皆被誨約，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>不蒙一言。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃跪曰：『獨無訓勖，懼非人例。』<span class="zhuanming">安</span>曰：『如公者豈復相憂？』<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>於是與弟子數十人，南適<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">上明寺</span>。後欲往<span class="zhuanming">羅浮山</span>，及届<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">廬峰</span>清静，足以息心，始住<span class="zhuanming">龍泉精舍</span>。此處去水大遠。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃以杖扣地曰：『若此中可得棲立，當使朽壤抽泉。』言畢，清流涌出，後卒成溪。……時有沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧永</span>，居在<span class="zhuanming">西林</span>。與<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>同門舊好，遂要<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>同止。<span class="zhuanming">永</span>謂刺史<span class="zhuanming">桓伊</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>方當弘道，今徒屬已廣，而來者方多。貧道所棲褊狹，不足相處，如何？』<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>乃爲<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>復於山東更立房殿，即<span class="zhuanming">東林</span>是也。」</span> </p><p> <span>先是<span class="zhuanming">陶偘</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">陶偘</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">士衡</span>。初好學，延接賓侣，客至，家貧，母截髮賣之以供待。後爲八州都督。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【侣】力舉切，伴也。【士衡】或士行也。【督】率也，正也，勸也，察也。</span> <span>得<span class="zhuanming">育王</span>像，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>所造之像也。</span> <span>送<span class="zhuanming">武昌</span><span class="zhuanming">寒溪寺</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">武昌</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鄂州</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>寺成，遥請像，乃凌虚而來<a class="zhuhao" href="#1106" id="1103">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凌】越也，歷也。</span> <span>當時搢紳儒林慠世考盤<a class="zhuhao" href="#1107" id="1104">〔二〕</a>，其若<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉遺民</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周續之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張季碩</span>之輩，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南陽</span><span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張萊<a class="zhuhao" href="#1108" id="1105">〔三〕</a>民</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張季碩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span><span class="zhuanming">劉遺民</span>，<span class="zhuanming">預章</span><span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">雁門</span><span class="zhuanming">周續之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">新蔡</span><span class="zhuanming">畢穎之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">僧惠持</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">惠永</span>，共爲蓮社也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【搢紳】上音晉，插笏也。紳，大帶也，垂帶也。【慠】遁也。【考盤】上成也，下樂也。【南陽】<span class="zhuanming">鄧州</span><span class="zhuanming">南陽</span>。【彭城】<span class="zhuanming">除州</span><span class="zhuanming">彭城郡</span>。【預章】<span class="zhuanming">洪州</span>郡名。【雁門】<span class="zhuanming">代州</span>郡名。【新蔡】<span class="zhuanming">蔡州</span>縣名。</span> <span>凡百大名君子，咸與胥附。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">胥，相也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1103" id="1106">〔一〕</a>凌虚：升於空際。<span class="zhuanming">曹植</span><span class="shuming">七啓</span>：「華閣緣雲，飛陛凌虚，俯眺流星，仰觀八隅。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00194','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P194</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1104" id="1107">〔二〕</a>搢紳：官宦，亦爲儒者的代稱。本謂插笏於紳。紳，古代仕宦者和儒者圍於腰際的大帶。<span class="shuming">東觀漢記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">明帝紀</span>：「是時學者尤盛，冠帶搢紳，遊雍而觀化者，以億萬計。」　慠世：謂輕視世俗人事。慠，同「傲」。<span class="zhuanming">成公綏</span><span class="shuming">嘯賦</span>：「逸群公子，體奇好異，傲世忘榮，絶棄人事。」　考盤：成德樂道。盤，同「槃」。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">考槃</span>：「考槃在澗，碩人之寬。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「考，成；槃，樂。」<span class="zhuanming">陳奂</span><span class="shuming">傳疏</span>：「成樂者，謂成德樂道也。」<span class="shuming">考槃序</span>則言此詩爲刺<span class="zhuanming">莊公</span>「不能繼先公之業，使賢者退而窮處」，故後即以喻隱居。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1105" id="1108">〔三〕</a>萊：原誤作「菜」。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>少與<span class="zhuanming">惠持</span>偕爲諸生<a class="zhuhao" href="#1111" id="1109">〔一〕</a>，精六經，學禮樂名教，特爲朝野法度。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偕】俱也。【精】正也，明也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王恂</span>與<span class="zhuanming">范甯</span>書</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王恂</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>主簿，<span class="zhuanming">范甯</span>注<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span>。</span> <span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">持公</span>孰愈？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孰，誰也。愈，勝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王詢】字從言，不從玉。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">范公</span>復云：「誠爲賢兄弟也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">持</span>與<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>實親俗兄弟也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王</span>重曰：「但令如兄弟，誠未易有。況復賢耶？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1112" id="1110">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>初譯<span class="shuming">智論</span>訖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">智論</span>，或稱<span class="shuming">智度論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>造。</span> <span>篤所聘請<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>製序，其見重殊絶如此。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【篤】厚也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1109" id="1111">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧持</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>弟。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六有傳。　諸生：儒生。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">君臣上</span>：「是以爲人君者，坐萬物之原，而官諸生之職者也。」<span class="zhuanming">尹知章</span>注：「謂授諸生之官而任之以職也。生，謂知學之士也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1110" id="1112">〔二〕</a>按：此句<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧持傳</span>作「但令如兄，誠未易有。況復弟賢耶？」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>征<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">敬道</span>，大司馬<span class="zhuanming">温</span>之子，爲<span class="zhuanming">江州</span>刺史。<span class="zhuanming">元興</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1116" id="1113">〔一〕</a>二年篡<span class="zhuanming">晉安帝</span>。<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>舉兵，<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>乃征<span class="zhuanming">仲堪</span>也。</span> <span>要<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>出<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>稱疾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【要】平聲。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄</span>自入山，左右曰：「昔<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00195','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P195</span></i>禮<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，願公勿敬之。」曰：「何有此理，<span class="zhuanming">仲堪</span>本死人耳。」既見，素反前約。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">素，先也。本言不禮，及見即禮。</span> <span>出山，謂左右曰：「實乃生所未見。」後<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>欲沙汰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1117" id="1114">〔二〕</a>，教僚屬曰：「<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>道德所居，不在搜簡之例<a class="zhuhao" href="#1118" id="1115">〔三〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">簡，閲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沙汰】汱字悮也。【教僚】同官曰僚。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1113" id="1116">〔一〕</a>興：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「與」。<span class="zhuanming">元興</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">晉安帝</span>年號。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1114" id="1117">〔二〕</a>沙汰：淘汰，揀選。<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇</span><span class="shuming">明本</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">遷</span>之洽聞，旁綜幽隱，沙汰事物之臧否，覈實古人之邪正。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1115" id="1118">〔三〕</a>搜簡：檢查。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「後<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>征<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>，軍經<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，要<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>出<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>稱疾不堪。<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>自入山，左右謂<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>曰：『昔<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>入山禮<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，願公勿敬之。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>答：『何有此理？<span class="zhuanming">仲堪</span>本死人耳。』及至見<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，不覺致敬。<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>問：『不敢毁傷，何以剪削？』<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>答云：『立身行道。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>稱善。所懷問難，不敢復言，乃説征討之意，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>不答。<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>又問：『何以見願？』<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>云：『願檀越安隱，使彼亦無他。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>出山謂左右曰：『實乃生所未見。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>後以震主之威，苦相延致，乃貽書騁説，勸令登仕。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>答辭堅正，確乎不拔。志踰丹石，終莫能迴。俄而<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>欲沙汰衆僧，教僚屬曰：『沙門有能申述經誥，暢説義理，或禁行修整，足以宣寄大化。其有違於此者，悉皆罷遣。唯<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>道德所居，不在搜簡之例。』」</span> </p><p> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>沖幼<a class="zhuhao" href="#1122" id="1119">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">庾冰</span>輔政，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉成帝</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">衍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>長子。皇太后<span class="zhuanming">庾氏</span>攝朝稱制，<span class="zhuanming">祖約</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘇峻</span>及<span class="zhuanming">庾氏</span>專政也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庾冰】太后兄也。</span> <span>以爲沙門應敬王者。<span class="zhuanming">何充</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王謐</span>等駮議<a class="zhuhao" href="#1123" id="1120">〔二〕</a>，同異不定。後<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>在<span class="zhuanming">姑熟</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姑熟</span>，<span class="zhuanming">當塗縣</span>也。舊日，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>主改爲<span class="zhuanming">太平州</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謐】音密，静也。【駮】音剥。</span> <span>欲令<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00196','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P196</span></i>盡敬，且以問告。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>答書並製<span class="shuming">沙門不敬王者論</span>五篇，以塞横議<a class="zhuhao" href="#1124" id="1121">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">書並論並在<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【横】非理來也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">安帝</span>迫<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>篡，遜于<span class="zhuanming">南郡</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">安帝</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">德宗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>子。以<span class="zhuanming">會稽王</span><span class="zhuanming">道子</span>爲太傅攝政。<span class="zhuanming">兖州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">王恭</span>與<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>反，遷帝于<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>乃篡位。二年，<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>誅之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【篡】初患切，逆即奪取也。【遜】遁也，伏也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄</span>死，大駕克復舊京，<span class="zhuanming">何無忌</span>前勸迎候，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無忌</span>爲侍中。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克復】能反舊物也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>稱疾不行。恩旨勞問，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>以書謝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勞】音潦，慰也。</span> <span>詔答「歎恨」，不果見也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1119" id="1122">〔一〕</a>沖幼：年幼。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">方正</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>初崩，于時嗣君未定，<span class="zhuanming">何</span>欲立嗣子，<span class="zhuanming">庾</span>及朝議以外寇方强，嗣子沖幼，乃立<span class="zhuanming">康帝</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1120" id="1123">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">何充</span>：尚書令。　<span class="zhuanming">王謐</span>：<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>之孫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1121" id="1124">〔三〕</a>横議：恣意議論。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">滕文公下</span>：「聖王不作，諸侯放恣，處士横議，<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨翟</span>之言盈天下。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">持</span>至井絡，井絡之；人望風趨慕<a class="zhuhao" href="#1130" id="1125">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">惠持</span>入<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">依政縣</span><span class="zhuanming">後巖院</span>也。</span> <span>僞<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>之子<span class="zhuanming">道福</span>，尤凶悖<a class="zhuhao" href="#1131" id="1126">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僞蜀】<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>初<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">益</span>之地獄卒<span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>也。【尤】過甚也，多也。</span> <span>將兵有所討，還至<span class="zhuanming">郫中</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">郫縣</span>蓋<span class="zhuanming">法定寺</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【郫】音皮，縣名，在<span class="zhuanming">蜀郡</span>東。</span> <span>寺僧徒遥見人馬流血，盡奔走。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">懼戰士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【人馬流血】浴血。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">持</span>在户前盥洗，氣色晏如<a class="zhuhao" href="#1132" id="1127">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盥】音貫，洗也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">福</span>既至，<span class="zhuanming">持</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1133" id="1128">〔四〕</a>彈指漉水，竟不輟。<span class="zhuanming">福</span>灑汗而出，謂將校曰：「大人固與衆異耳。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1134" id="1129">〔五〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00197','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P197</span></i>【輟】陟劣切，上也，已也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1125" id="1130">〔一〕</a>井絡：井宿的分野，泛指<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>地。　望風：瞻望並想見其風采。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">杜周傳</span>附<span class="shuming">杜欽傳</span>：「天下莫不望風而靡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1126" id="1131">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>：<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">後蜀</span>國君。公元四○五—四一三年在位。　凶悖：殘暴悖逆。<span class="zhuanming">袁康</span><span class="shuming">越絶書</span><span class="shuming">外傳計倪</span>：「乃此禍<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>之<span class="zhuanming">驪姬</span>，亡<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之<span class="zhuanming">襃姒</span>，盡妖妍於圖畫，極凶悖於人理。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1127" id="1132">〔三〕</a>晏如：安定。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">司馬相如列傳</span>：「及臻厥成，天下晏如也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1128" id="1133">〔四〕</a>持：原誤作「特」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1129" id="1134">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧持傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">縱</span>有從子<span class="zhuanming">道福</span>，凶悖尤甚。將兵往<span class="zhuanming">陴</span>，有所討戮，還過入寺，人馬浴血，衆僧大怖，一時驚走。<span class="zhuanming">持</span>在房前盥洗，神色無忤。<span class="zhuanming">道福</span>直至<span class="zhuanming">持</span>邊，<span class="zhuanming">持</span>彈指漉水，淡然自若。<span class="zhuanming">福</span>愧悔流汗，出寺門謂左右曰：『大人故與衆異。』」</span> </p><p> <span>君子曰：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>失中原，介于江國。」衣冠避五胡之亂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1142" id="1135">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五胡，<span class="zhuanming">前趙</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">符氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚氏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介】閒居江國間也。</span> <span>莫不南遷。邦家以北伐爲謀，且慕膽勇<a class="zhuhao" href="#1143" id="1136">〔二〕</a>。致使英賢緇素宅心事外<a class="zhuhao" href="#1144" id="1137">〔三〕</a>，鸞吟鶴舉，視俎豆紱冕而若遺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1145" id="1138">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">宅，居也。事，物也。高尚之流，覩世陵夷，居心物外，放鸞鶴之情，匿林泉之側，於禮樂而不顧也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鸞】<span class="shuming">山海經</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">床山</span>處有鳥，爪如翟，五色文，曰鸞，見則天下太平<a class="zhuhao" href="#1146" id="1139">〔五〕</a>。【俎豆】上肉器也，禾黍曰豆也，是宗廟祭器也。【紱】音弗，綬也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，製作對敭，皆詞氣沖深，有倫有義<a class="zhuhao" href="#1147" id="1140">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">倫，理也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00198','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P198</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【敭】音陽，明也。</span> <span>雖宣象外之風，率多經濟之略<a class="zhuhao" href="#1148" id="1141">〔七〕</a>。故始言首事，必信重於天下矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1135" id="1142">〔一〕</a>衣冠：代稱縉紳﹑士大夫。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">杜欽傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">茂陵</span><span class="zhuanming">杜鄴</span>與<span class="zhuanming">欽</span>同姓字，俱以材能稱京師，故衣冠謂<span class="zhuanming">欽</span>爲『盲<span class="zhuanming">杜子夏</span>』以相别。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「衣冠謂士大夫也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1136" id="1143">〔二〕</a>膽勇：膽量﹑勇氣。<span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">人謂故屋中有惡鬼喻</span>：「後有一人，自謂膽勇勝於前人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1137" id="1144">〔三〕</a>英賢：德才傑出的人。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二四<span class="shuming">馬援列傳</span>附<span class="shuming">馬嚴傳</span>：「專心墳典，能通<span class="shuming">左氏春秋</span>，因覽百家群言，遂交結英賢，京師大人咸器異之。」　緇素：僧俗。僧徒衣緇，俗衆服素。　宅心：用心。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">康誥</span>：「汝丕遠惟<span class="zhuanming">商</span>耇成人，宅心知訓。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「汝當大遠求<span class="zhuanming">商</span>家耇老成人之道，常以居心，則知訓民。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1138" id="1145">〔四〕</a>俎豆：謂祭祀，奉祀。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「俎豆之事，則嘗聞之矣；軍旅之事，未之學也。」<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">庚桑楚</span>：「今以畏壘之細民而竊竊焉欲俎豆予于賢人之間，我其杓之人邪！」　紱冕：喻指高官。<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">司空楊秉碑</span>：「烈祖<span class="zhuanming">楊憙</span>佐命征伐，封<span class="zhuanming">赤泉侯</span>。嗣子<span class="zhuanming">業</span>，紱冕相繼。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1139" id="1146">〔五〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">西山經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">女牀之山</span>……有鳥焉，其狀如翟而五采文，名曰鸞鳥，見即天下安寧。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1140" id="1147">〔六〕</a>對敭：面君奏對。敭，同「揚」。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷八四<span class="shuming">儒林傳序</span>：「州舉茂異，郡貢孝廉，對揚王庭，每年逾衆。」<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷一七二<span class="shuming">陳宣帝太建八年</span>：「平生言論，無所不道，今者對揚，何得乃爾反覆？」<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注：「對揚，本於<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">召虎</span>。對，答也；揚，稱也。後人遂以面對敷奏爲對揚。」　沖深：深<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00199','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P199</span></i>奥。<span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>卷七八引<span class="zhuanming">湛方生</span><span class="shuming">廬山神仙詩序</span>：「窈窕沖深，常含霞而貯氣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1141" id="1148">〔七〕</a>經濟：經世濟民。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七七<span class="shuming">殷浩傳</span>：「足下沉識淹長，思綜通練，起而明之，足以經濟。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>入<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>獲<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>，膝其頭，令倒乘駞，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>無愠色。<span class="zhuanming">光</span>乃特器異之，不敢狎侮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1153" id="1149">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>令<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>將兵伐<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>，求<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>。既克獲之，不甚重，遂以<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>王女强逼之。又令乘惡馬馳駝，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>無怒容。及歸，勸令移營地，果大雨水漲，由此<span class="zhuanming">光</span>特加禮重矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膝】思疾切，脛頭也。【倒】去聲。【愠】怒也。【狎】近習也。【侮】音武，輕弄也。【漲】大水也，音帳。</span> <span>暨返旆于<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>敗，遂僭據其地，改車書<a class="zhuhao" href="#1154" id="1150">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>迴，以駱駝二萬餘頭，駿馬萬匹，珍寶千餘，迴至<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>已戰敗，自称<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>刺史，後僭位称<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>，凡十四年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【旆】蒲蓋切，旗也。【涼】涼字悮。【改車書】若天下太平，則車同其軌，書同其文。既各有所獲，是車書有所不同也。【西涼】後<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>據<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>據<span class="zhuanming">姑藏</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>，西字悮也。【凡一十四年】<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吕紹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吕纂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吕降</span>四主共十五年。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>命將討<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>求<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>亡，致之于<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>。四方學侣，大集會<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。謀胤其後<a class="zhuhao" href="#1155" id="1151">〔三〕</a>，以室强之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>慕其聰俊，逼之宫妓，以求其種。</span> <span>浄行者恥聞其事<a class="zhuhao" href="#1156" id="1152">〔四〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1149" id="1153">〔一〕</a>器異：器重﹑特别重視。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二四<span class="shuming">馬援列傳</span>附<span class="shuming">馬嚴傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>）因覽百家群言，遂交結英賢，京師大人咸器異之。」　狎侮：輕慢侮弄。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">旅獒</span>：「德盛不狎侮。狎侮君子，罔以盡人心；狎侮小人，罔以盡其力。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「盛德必自敬，何狎易侮慢之有？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1150" id="1154">〔二〕</a>返旆：迴師。<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">晉平西將軍孝侯周處碑</span>：「潛光<span class="zhuanming">陽</span>甸，返旆<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>丘。」　車書：指國家的法令制<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00200','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P200</span></i>度。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「今天下車同軌，書同文。」表示天下一統，法令制度劃一。改車書則是改變國家法令制度。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1151" id="1155">〔三〕</a>胤：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷四下：「胤，子孫相承續也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1152" id="1156">〔四〕</a>浄行者：即「梵志」，本爲修婆羅門行者的通稱，佛教泛稱有志於離欲的出家者。</span> </p><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>龜靈而納介，<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>人辨而召刖<a class="zhuhao" href="#1159" id="1157">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋元君</span>夢人披髮告之曰：「予謂<span class="zhuanming">清江</span>使者伯，漁者<span class="zhuanming">預且</span>得我。」<span class="zhuanming">元君</span>召問之，云：「得龜乃刳之，以卜，七十二鑽之無遺也。」又，<span class="zhuanming">卞和</span>於<span class="zhuanming">荆山</span>得石，辨之有玉，獻<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>。王不識，雙刖其足。三獻方别。斯皆以靈智而受刳刖，若<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>以聰明而污戒也。介，殼也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介】甲也。【宋元君】公字也。</span> <span>豈非智有所可，力有所困乎？故繼益以損物，莫爲之不惑也。<span class="zhuanming">魏孝文</span>詔求<span class="zhuanming">什</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孝文</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">宏獻</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>長子。五歲受父禪，迁都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，改姓<span class="zhuanming">元氏</span>。在位二十九年。仁孝，雅好<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>，尤精<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>義。</span> <span>後既得而禄之。雖吾教以仆陷大譎，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不正也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譎】决也。【元氏】元字是，無字悮。</span> <span>然春秋之義，言功十世，亦可宥也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1160" id="1158">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">春秋有功，宥十世之罪。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宥】于救切，寬宥也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1157" id="1159">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">外物</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋元君</span>夜半而夢人被髮窺阿門，曰：『予自<span class="zhuanming">宰路</span>之淵，予爲<span class="zhuanming">清江</span>使<span class="zhuanming">河伯</span>之所，漁者<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>得予。』<span class="zhuanming">元君</span>覺，使人占之，曰：『此神龜也。』君曰：『漁者有<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>乎？』左右曰：『有。』君曰：『令<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>會朝。』明日，<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>朝，君曰：『漁何得？』對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">且</span>之網得白龜焉，其圓五尺。』君曰：『獻若之龜。』龜至，君再欲殺之，再欲活之，心疑，卜之，曰：『殺龜以卜吉。』乃刳龜，七十二鑽而無遺筴。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00201','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P201</span></i><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『神龜能見夢於<span class="zhuanming">元君</span>，而不能避<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>之網；知能七十二鑽而無遺筴，不能避刳腸之患。如是，則知有所困，神有所不及也。雖有至知，萬人謀之。魚不畏網而畏鵜鶘。去小知而大知明，去善而自善矣。嬰兒生無石師而能言，與能言者處也。』」　<span class="shuming">韓非子</span><span class="shuming">和氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人<span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>得玉璞<span class="zhuanming">楚山</span>中，奉而獻之<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>使玉人相之。玉人曰：『石也。』王以<span class="zhuanming">和</span>爲誑，而刖其左足。及<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>薨，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>即位，<span class="zhuanming">和</span>又奉其璞而獻之<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>使玉人相之。又曰：『石也。』王又以<span class="zhuanming">和</span>爲誑，而刖其右足。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>薨，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>即位，<span class="zhuanming">和</span>乃抱其璞而哭於<span class="zhuanming">楚山</span>之下，三日三夜，泣盡而繼之以血。王聞之，使人問其故，曰：『天下之刖者多矣，子奚哭之悲也？』<span class="zhuanming">和</span>曰：『吾非悲刖也，悲夫寶玉而題之以石，貞士而名之以誑，此吾所以悲也。』王乃使玉人理其璞而得寶焉，遂命曰『<span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>之璧』。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1158" id="1160">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十一年</span>：「夫謀而鮮過﹑惠訓不倦者，<span class="zhuanming">叔向</span>有焉，社稷之固也，猶將十世宥之，以勸能者。今壹不免其身，以棄社稷，不亦惑乎？」</span> </p><p> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">童壽</span>在外國，遇聖者告之曰：「若慎無適東土，將有大不利焉。」<span class="zhuanming">什</span>乃不顧而來，豈非良臣死國計，良執死高義，仁者死成仁，何顧之有也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1164" id="1161">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">將弘大教，不可以小節而堅守。法門于今受其賜，教之盛而<span class="zhuanming">什</span>之力也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【若】汝也。【適】往也。【良臣死國計】若<span class="zhuanming">紀信</span>焚身者是。【良執死高義】若<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>是也。或此議字，若<span class="zhuanming">夏侯勝</span>議廟樂﹑<span class="zhuanming">朱雲</span>折檻是。<span class="zhuanming">左伯陶</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>共<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>進舉，盤費不前，令在赴試得名，葬<span class="zhuanming">羊</span>於<span class="zhuanming">荆軻</span>塚側，曰陰不勝，<span class="zhuanming">左伯</span>遂自刎而死也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1165" id="1162">〔二〕</a>。【仁者死成仁】若<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>是也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">什</span>死焚之，心舌不爛焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1166" id="1163">〔三〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00202','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P202</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1161" id="1164">〔一〕</a>良執：良友。<span class="zhuanming">潘岳</span><span class="shuming">夏侯常侍誄</span>：「慘爾其傷，念我良執。」　仁者：德行高尚的人。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子曰：『知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「子曰：『志士仁人，無求生以害仁，有殺身以成仁。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1162" id="1165">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>與<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>事，孰爲生者，諸説不同。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二九<span class="shuming">申屠剛鮑永郅惲列傳</span><span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注引<span class="shuming">烈士傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>二人爲死友，欲仕於<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，道阻，遇雨雪不得行，飢寒，自度不俱生。<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>曰：『俱死之後，骸骨莫收。内手捫心，知不如子。生恐無益而棄子之能，我樂在樹中。』<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>聽之，<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>入樹中而死。<span class="zhuanming">楚平王</span>愛<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>之賢，以上卿禮葬<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>。<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>夢<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>曰：『蒙子之恩而獲厚葬，正苦<span class="zhuanming">荆將軍</span>冢相近。今月十五日，當大戰以决勝負。』<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>至期日，陳兵馬詣其冢，作三桐人，自殺，下而從之。」生者爲<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span><span class="zhuanming">三十三萬卷堂</span>影鈔本<span class="shuming">北堂書鈔</span>卷一五二<span class="shuming">天部四</span><span class="shuming">雪篇十八</span>引<span class="shuming">良士傳</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>相與爲友，聞<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>賢，欲往仕焉。道遇雨雪，計不俱全，乃並衣粮與<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>，<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>入樹内而死矣。」生者則爲<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>遺書<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二六五三號寫卷<span class="shuming">燕子賦</span>亦爲<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>：「併粮坐守死，萬代得稱傳。<span class="zhuanming">百姚</span>（<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>）憶朝廷，哽咽淚交連。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1163" id="1166">〔三〕</a>按：以上<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>事，參見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">鳩摩羅什傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>，十歲從師受<span class="shuming">觀音經</span>，問曰：「此經有幾卷？」師欲試之，乃言：「止有一卷耳。」<span class="zhuanming">導</span>曰：「初云爾時無盡意，故知爾前已應有事。」師奇之。居貧無資，以樵蘇夕學。洎業成，<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>欽其德，入寺造敬，同輦還宫。<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>悦其賢，爲之於<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>立<span class="zhuanming">東山寺</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00203','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P203</span></i>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1168" id="1167">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>，<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>。收<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>歸<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樵蘇】樵，柴。下草也。南人焚火曰蘇也。【造】至也。【壽】<span class="zhuanming">壽州</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1167" id="1168">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧導</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人。十歲出家，從師受業，師以<span class="shuming">觀世音經</span>授之，讀竟諮師：『此經有幾卷？』師欲試之，迺言：『止有此耳。』<span class="zhuanming">導</span>曰：『初云爾時無盡意，故知爾前已應有事。』師大悦之，授以<span class="shuming">法華</span>一部。於是晝夜看尋，粗解文義。貧無油燭，常採薪自照。……<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>欽其德業，友而愛焉。入寺相造，迺同輦還宫。及<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>譯出經論，並參議詳定。……<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>感之，因令子姪内外師焉。後立寺於<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">東山寺</span>也。」　樵蘇：砍柴刈草。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">淮陰侯列傳</span>：「臣聞千里餽糧，士有飢色，樵蘇後爨，師不宿飽。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="shuming">漢書音義</span>：「樵，取薪也。蘇，取草也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">曇始</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>末</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>也。帝臨位，深奉佛法。<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>兵至，<span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>破也。</span> <span>適<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高麗</span>開導始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1179" id="1169">〔一〕</a>。後還<span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">咸陽縣</span>。昔<span class="zhuanming">秦皇</span>於此置殿觀。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遼】水名也。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>爲十二州，以古<span class="zhuanming">冀</span>南北闊大，分<span class="zhuanming">衛水</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">并州</span>，分以爲<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>越海折<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>之地爲<span class="zhuanming">營州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時爲<span class="zhuanming">安東府</span>者也。【開道】本傳是開道，若依，開下應是遵字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>人宗仰之<a class="zhuhao" href="#1180" id="1170">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">姚泓</span>，留子<span class="zhuanming">義真</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宋武滅姚泓】已下皆<span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">釋<a class="zhuhao" href="#1181" id="1171">〔三〕</a>老志</span>。下烏宏切，<span class="zhuanming">興</span>之子也，<span class="zhuanming">太和</span>三年爲<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>滅之。昔<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>北平<span class="zhuanming">廣固</span>，<span class="zhuanming">慕容超</span>西定<span class="zhuanming">涼</span><span class="zhuanming">益</span>，<span class="zhuanming">樵蹤</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1182" id="1172">〔四〕</a>又尅<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><span class="zhuanming">桃山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">泓</span>盡<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>之地。<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>尋<span class="zhuanming">勃勃</span>所陷，至<span class="zhuanming">廢帝</span><span class="zhuanming">景和</span>中，<span class="zhuanming">武牢</span>之覆陷於<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">赫連屈句</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>也。</span> <span>追，敗之。道俗少長，咸被坈戮，<span class="zhuanming">始</span>接刃不傷。<span class="zhuanming">屈句</span>自擊以佩劒，無能害，乃恐懼謝罪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1183" id="1173">〔五〕</a>。洎<span class="zhuanming">魏世祖</span>虜<span class="zhuanming">赫連昌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1184" id="1174">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>之子，爲<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>所滅。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【少長】上去下上。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00204','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P204</span></i>【接】合也。【佩】蒲昧切，玉之帶也，必有佩玉。【虜】掠獲也。【赫連昌】<span class="zhuanming">勃勃</span>子，<span class="zhuanming">魏武帝</span>虜之。<span class="zhuanming">昌</span>之弟<span class="zhuanming">定</span>立三年，爲<span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>滅之。【東魏】應云<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>。</span> <span>得<span class="zhuanming">始</span>，每加殊敬。既滅法，玄風勦絶，赭衣其殲。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">赭，赤衣也，蓋乾陁色。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【赭】音者，以赭石染衣得名。【勦】子小切，絶也。【殲】盡也，滅也。音尖。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">始</span>乃閉形幽阻，非虐命所及。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遁跡山谷也。</span> <span>蓋鴻飛冥空，高視天際，非罻羅之所得也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1185" id="1175">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罻，網也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鴻】大曰鴻，迴南曰鴻，小曰雁，歸北曰雁。【罻】音畏，網也。</span> <span>後知大法將亨，於月正元日，天子履端，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂正月之旦也。履端於始，舉正於中，歸餘於終。造曆者以步履之首謂月節，舉正得中氣，即爲其月，二百五十四日。所餘一十一日二十五分，積三十二日爲一閏也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亨】許庚切，通也。【月正元日】<span class="shuming">舜典</span>云月正元日。注云正月元日，乃上元日也。</span> <span>廷實旅百，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">實，滿也。旅，衆也。謂元日進奉之物充廷也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【廷實旅百】旅，進也。<span class="zhuanming">莊公</span>二十二年<span class="shuming">傳</span>云：廷實奉以玉帛，天地之美也具焉。此陳敬伸百辭，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>史筮之遇觀之否也。</span> <span>荷錫於國門<a class="zhuhao" href="#1186" id="1176">〔八〕</a>，將圖其變也。<span class="zhuanming">魏主</span>聞而怒，命有司速乃辟，肌不容刃。手劒之，其傷如線。俾投虎檻，虎避伏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">乃，汝也。辟，刑也。俾，使也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【檻】穽也，欄也。</span> <span>其末如之何。召即殿，詳考興廢。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因問國祚短<a class="zhuhao" href="#1187" id="1177">〔九〕</a>永之事。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【末】元也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">始</span>乃扃鐍邪關，芟夷梗途，<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>悽然悟矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1188" id="1178">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太武</span>諱<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>，初不信<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教，坈沙門﹑毁佛像等。因遇<span class="zhuanming">曇始</span>化之，後悔過。南征<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，殺戮無辜。立二十九年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【扃】古營切，户外關閉也。【鐍】音决，關鐵也。【芟】音杉，刈草也。【夷】平也。【梗】直也。路艱澀曰梗。【辜】罪也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00205','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P205</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1169" id="1179">〔一〕</a>開導：當爲「聞道之」之誤。「開」爲「聞」之形誤，「導」爲「道之」誤合。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曇始傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇始</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>人，自出家以後，多有異跡。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>年末，齎經律數十部，往<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>宣化，顯授三乘，立以歸戒，蓋<span class="zhuanming">高句驪</span>聞道之始也。<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>初，復還<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，開導<span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1170" id="1180">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>：<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷一六四引<span class="shuming">三輔黄圖</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">太初</span>元年，以<span class="zhuanming">渭城</span>以西屬<span class="zhuanming">右扶風</span>，<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>以東屬<span class="zhuanming">京兆尹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">長陵</span>以北屬<span class="zhuanming">左馮翊</span>，以輔京師，謂之<span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>。」　宗仰：推崇景仰。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷九一<span class="shuming">儒林傳</span><span class="shuming">范宣</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宣</span>雖閒居屢空，常以講誦爲業。<span class="zhuanming">譙國</span><span class="zhuanming">戴逵</span>等皆聞風宗仰，自遠而至。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1171" id="1181">〔三〕</a>釋：原誤作「譯」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1172" id="1182">〔四〕</a>樵蹤：當爲「譙縱」之訛誤。<span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span>建國者，<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一○○有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1173" id="1183">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曇始傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>末，<span class="zhuanming">朔方</span><span class="zhuanming">凶奴</span><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>破獲<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，斬戮無數。時<span class="zhuanming">始</span>亦遇害，而刀不能傷。<span class="zhuanming">勃勃</span>嗟之，普赦沙門，悉皆不殺。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1174" id="1184">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">魏世祖</span>：<span class="zhuanming">拓跋燾</span>。<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">泰常</span>八年（四二三）十一月即皇帝位。崇儒滅佛，<span class="zhuanming">太延</span>四年（四三八）﹑<span class="zhuanming">太平真君</span>五年（四四四）和七年（四四六），三次下詔毁滅佛法。　<span class="zhuanming">赫連昌</span>：<span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>第三子。公元四二五年繼位，四二八年被<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>俘虜，公元四三四年叛<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>西逃，途中被殺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1175" id="1185">〔七〕</a>罻羅：捕鳥的網。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">王制</span>：「鳩化爲鷹，然後設罻羅。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「罻，小網也。」<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">九章</span><span class="shuming">惜誦</span>：「矰弋機而在上兮，罻羅張而在下。」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「罻羅，鳥網也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1176" id="1186">〔八〕</a>錫：僧人所持的手杖，即錫杖。杖頭有錫環，振時作錫錫聲，也稱「禪杖」﹑「聲杖」﹑「鳴杖」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1177" id="1187">〔九〕</a>短：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「矩」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00206','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P206</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1178" id="1188">〔一○〕</a>扃鐍：門閂﹑鎖鑰之類。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋</span>：「將爲胠篋﹑投囊﹑發匱之盜而爲守備，則必攝緘縢，固扃鐍，此世俗之所謂知也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「扃，關鈕也；鐍，鎖鑰也。」這裏作動詞，意爲關閉﹑鎖閉。　夷梗：阻塞，阻礙。<span class="shuming">梁書</span><span class="shuming">高帝紀</span>：「元惡未黜，天邑猶梗。」<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七五<span class="shuming">王承傳</span>：「是時道路梗澀，人懷危懼，<span class="zhuanming">承</span>每遇艱險，處之夷然。」　悽然：淒涼悲傷貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">漁父</span>：「客悽然變容曰：『甚矣子之難悟也。』」　按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曇始傳</span>：「至<span class="zhuanming">太平</span>之末，<span class="zhuanming">始</span>知<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>化時將及，以元會之日，忽杖錫到宫門。有司奏云：『有一道人足白於面，從門而入。』<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>令依軍法，屢斬不傷。遽以白<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>大怒，自以所佩劍斫之，體無餘異，唯劍所著處有痕如布線焉。時北園養虎于檻，<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>令以<span class="zhuanming">始</span>餧之，虎皆潛伏，終不敢近。試以天師近檻，虎輒鳴吼。<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>始知佛化尊高，<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>所不能及。即延<span class="zhuanming">始</span>上殿，頂禮足下，悔其諐失。<span class="zhuanming">始</span>爲説法，明辯因果。<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>大生愧懼，遂感癘疾。<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寇</span>二人次發惡病。<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>以過由於彼，於是誅剪二家門族都盡。宣下國中，興復正教。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">太山</span><span class="zhuanming">僧朗</span>，凡聖不名人也。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>六天子降詔問所供聘，皆極世瓌奇寶貨焉。雖珠璣無脛，至人無心，而德之所召，故無遠不届。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至人本無心求於珠玉，珠玉亦無脛足而行，但道德昭感，而無遠皆至也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【晉】<span class="zhuanming">孝武帝</span>也。【魏】<span class="zhuanming">拓跋珪</span>也。【燕】<span class="zhuanming">後燕</span><span class="zhuanming">慕容垂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南燕</span><span class="zhuanming">蒲德</span>也。【秦】<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>。【珠璣】大曰珠，小曰璣。或不園璣。【瓌】古回切，玟瑰也。又，珠園好也。</span> <span>由是德因名顯，名以德固，名德相副，實則永世，故今<span class="zhuanming">金輿谷</span>靈趾不昧矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1190" id="1189">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊州</span><span class="zhuanming">太山</span><span class="zhuanming">神通寺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南燕</span><span class="zhuanming">慕容德</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">僧朗</span>禪師之所立也，以三縣民給之。長廊延袤，千有餘間。三度廢寺，毁之不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00207','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P207</span></i>得。犯者，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>輒見身，以錫杖揮之，垂死求哀如初。有一井，女人臨之即枯，燒香懺求，還復如故。立四百年，至今佛像鮮明如新。衆會不踐，于今儼然。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【副】表裏具曰副。【金輿谷】<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>西北之一岩寺，號<span class="zhuanming">神通</span>。【趾】基也。【袤】音茂，東西曰廣，南北曰袤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1189" id="1190">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧朗</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">竺僧朗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人也。少而遊方問道，長還<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，專當講説。……<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>主<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>欽其德素，遣使徵請，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>同辭老疾乃止，於是月月修書嚫遺。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>後沙汰衆僧，乃别詔曰：『<span class="zhuanming">朗法師</span>戒德冰霜，學徒清秀，<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>一山，不在搜例。』及<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>亦佳歎重。<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>主<span class="zhuanming">慕容德</span>欽<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>名行，假號<span class="zhuanming">東齊王</span>，給以二縣租税，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>讓王而取租税，爲興福業。<span class="zhuanming">晉孝武</span>致書遺，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>主<span class="zhuanming">拓跋珪</span>亦送書致物。其爲時人所敬如此。此谷中舊多虎災，常執仗結群而行，及<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>居之，猛獸歸伏，晨行夜往，道俗無滯，百姓咨嗟，稱善無極，故<span class="zhuanming">奉高</span>人至今猶呼<span class="zhuanming">金輿谷</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">朗公谷</span>也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">西秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>，俱微國也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">西秦</span><span class="zhuanming">乞伏國仁</span>據<span class="zhuanming">河西</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span><span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>據<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>。</span> <span>觀乎聖賢<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法進</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道朗</span>所譯製撰，其國非小焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1194" id="1191">〔一〕</a>。故<span class="shuming">楚書</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span>無以爲寶，唯善以爲寶<a class="zhuhao" href="#1195" id="1192">〔二〕</a>。」否者安得不由五運，遐棄厥荒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1196" id="1193">〔三〕</a>，奄樹社禝，自構一方之鴻業矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聖賢】<span class="zhuanming">西秦</span>高僧。【曇無讖】<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>高僧。【法進道朗】應云<span class="zhuanming">道法</span><span class="zhuanming">進朗</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>附見也。【楚書曰】十二國史中<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span>史也。【唯善以爲寶】史云唯賢以爲寶。善者賢也。【由】用也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1191" id="1194">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">曇無讖</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">曇摩懺</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">曇無懺</span>，蓋取<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音不同也，其本<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>以未參土言，又無傳譯，恐言舛於理，不許即翻，於是學語三年，方譯寫<span class="shuming">初分</span>十卷。時沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧嵩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00208','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P208</span></i>朗</span>，獨步<span class="zhuanming">河西</span>，值其宣出經藏，深相推重，轉易<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>文，<span class="zhuanming">嵩公</span>筆受。道俗數百人，疑難縱横，<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>臨機釋滯，清辯若流，兼富於文藻，辭製華密，<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>等更請廣出諸經，次譯<span class="shuming">大集</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大雲</span>﹑<span class="shuming">悲華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">地持</span>﹑<span class="shuming">優婆塞戒</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金光明</span>﹑<span class="shuming">海龍王</span>﹑<span class="shuming">菩薩戒本</span>等六十餘萬言。<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>以<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>本品數未足，還外國究尋，值其母亡，遂留歲餘。後於<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>更得經本<span class="shuming">中分</span>，復還<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>譯之。後又遣使<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>尋得<span class="shuming">後分</span>，於是續譯爲三十三卷。……初<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>在<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，有<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">道進</span>，欲從<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>受菩薩戒。……時沙門<span class="zhuanming">道朗</span>，振譽<span class="zhuanming">關</span>西，當<span class="zhuanming">進</span>感戒之夕，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>亦通夢。乃自卑戒臘，求爲法弟。於是從<span class="zhuanming">進</span>受者，千有餘人，傳授此法，迄至于今，皆<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>之餘則。」又<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">法進傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法進</span>，或曰<span class="zhuanming">道進</span>，或曰<span class="zhuanming">法迎</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span><span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>人。幼而精苦習誦，有超邁之德，爲<span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>所重。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1192" id="1195">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">大學</span>亦引。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注曰：「<span class="shuming">楚書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚昭王</span>時書也。言以善人爲寶。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1193" id="1196">〔三〕</a>五運：根據五行相生相克的觀點推算出的王朝興替的氣運。<span class="shuming">東觀漢記</span>卷一<span class="shuming">光武紀</span>：「自帝即位，按圖讖，推五運，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>爲火德，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>蒼<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>赤，木生火，赤代蒼。」　遐棄：遠相離棄。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周南</span><span class="shuming">汝墳</span>：「既見君子，不我遐棄。」　荒：邊遠的地方。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">慧約</span>始過志學，已有老風。<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>人謡曰：「少達妙理<span class="zhuanming">婁居士</span>。」既入道，玄德嘉聞，昇爲國師。詔以舊宅爲<span class="zhuanming">本生寺</span>，所居里爲<span class="zhuanming">智者里</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1198" id="1197">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【志學】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>云：吾十有五而志於學。【謡】歌也。【聞】去聲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1197" id="1198">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧約</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">德素</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">婁</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span><span class="zhuanming">烏場</span>人也。……至年十二，始遊于<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>，遍禮塔廟，肆意山川。遠會素心，多究經典，故東境謡曰：『少達妙理<span class="zhuanming">婁居士</span>。』……<span class="zhuanming">中大通</span>四年夢見<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00209','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P209</span></i>舊宅白壁朱門，赫然壯麗，仍發願造寺。詔乃號爲<span class="zhuanming">本生</span>焉。<span class="zhuanming">大同</span>一年又敕改所居<span class="zhuanming">竹山里</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">智者里</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">法上</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高歡</span>受<span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>禪，都<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，稱<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">後周</span>所滅。</span> <span>肇落兩髦，嶷然成器。刻意尚行，頗究玄微，時人以爲聖沙彌。由形色非美，諺云：「黑沙彌若來，高座逢災<a class="zhuhao" href="#1202" id="1199">〔一〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>請爲戒師，掩面布髮令蹈，迺受降君之敬罄矣。<span class="zhuanming">天保</span>中，國置十統，以<span class="zhuanming">上</span>爲大統也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1203" id="1200">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">降，音古巷反。謂降君父之尊，行師資之敬也。<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">洋</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子進</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高歡</span>第三子。時有<span class="zhuanming">爾朱榮</span>之亂，共憂寒餒。帝始生數月，忽欣然曰：「得活耶？」及登位，神武冠絶。至末年，毒虐誅戮，不可言紀。崩年三十六。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【兩髦】下音毛，注曰兒生三月，剪髦爲髻，長大猶爲飾<a class="zhuhao" href="#1204" id="1201">〔三〕</a>。而總二角而爲兩髦。【嶷然】上魚力切，注其皃。岐岐然意有所知也，嶷嶷然哉有所别也。【刻意尚行】劉峻其意，高尚其行。【諺】時俗言也。【高座】古者講師曰當仁，逢沙彌曰高座，或云法師。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1199" id="1202">〔一〕</a>高座：佛教講經説法者所踞的牀座。以其高於聽衆之座，故曰高座。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1200" id="1203">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">法上</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法上</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">劉氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>人也。五歲入學，七日通章。六歲隨叔寺中觀戲，情無鼓舞，但禮佛讀經，而聲氣爽拔，衆人奔遶，傾渴觀聽。年登八歲，略覽經誥，薄盡其理。九歲得<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>，披而誦之，即生厭世。至于十二，投禪師<span class="zhuanming">道藥</span>而出家焉。因遊<span class="zhuanming">相土</span>，尋還<span class="zhuanming">汲鄉</span>，又往東都栖遑務道。神氣高爽，照曉詞論，所在推之，咸謂『聖沙彌』也。後潛<span class="zhuanming">林慮</span><span class="zhuanming">上胡山寺</span>誦<span class="shuming">維摩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法花</span>，纔浹二旬，兩部俱度，因誦求解，還入<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。博洞清玄，名聞<span class="zhuanming">伊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">滏</span>。年暨學歲，創講<span class="shuming">法花</span>。酬抗疑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00210','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P210</span></i>難，無不嘆伏。善機問，好徵覈，决通非據，昌言勝負，而形色非美，故時人諺曰：黑沙彌若來，高座逢災也。……初，<span class="zhuanming">天保</span>之中，國置十統。有司聞奏，事須甄異。<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>乃手注狀云：<span class="zhuanming">上法師</span>可爲大統，餘爲通統。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1201" id="1204">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">既夕禮</span>：「既殯，主人説髦。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「兒生三月，翦髮爲鬌，男角女羈，否則男左女右，長大猶爲飾存之，謂之髦。所以順父母幼小之心。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">靈藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>龍潛之友也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1208" id="1205">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">隋高祖</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">大統</span>七年生<span class="zhuanming">馮翊</span><span class="zhuanming">般若寺</span>，紫氣充庭，襲爵<span class="zhuanming">隋國公</span>。<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>爲太子聘帝長女。<span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">劉昉</span>等以帝輔政，帝爲丞相。帝崩，受<span class="zhuanming">周</span>禪，在位十二年。潛龍日與<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>爲深友。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【帝崩】應云帝後受<span class="zhuanming">周</span>禪。【在位二十四年】云二十年，悮。</span> <span>既御極，彌篤舊素，敕其宫閽<a class="zhuhao" href="#1209" id="1206">〔二〕</a>：入則未吾禁也，出亦如之。而坐則同榻，行則同輦。曰：「弟子爲俗人天子，律師爲道人天子<a class="zhuhao" href="#1210" id="1207">〔三〕</a>。」今謂帝王之言過矣。君言則書，何可戲焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君之左右，所舉必書，左史記言，右史記動。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【過】平聲，越禮曰過。</span> <span>夫愛人不失其義，則其愛遠矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1205" id="1208">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">靈藏</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一有傳。　龍潛：喻帝王未即位。語出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「潛龍勿用，陽氣潛藏。」<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四八<span class="shuming">爰延傳</span>：「陛下以<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>尹<span class="zhuanming">鄧萬</span>有龍潛之舊，封爲<span class="zhuanming">通侯</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1206" id="1209">〔二〕</a>閽：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一二上：「閽，常以昏閉門隸也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1207" id="1210">〔三〕</a>道人：僧徒。早期佛經多稱僧徒爲道人。<span class="shuming">陔餘叢考</span>卷三八<span class="shuming">僧稱</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">葉石林</span><span class="shuming">避暑録</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>間佛家初行，其徒猶未有僧稱，通曰道人。按<span class="shuming">齊書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>有<span class="zhuanming">僧達</span>道人講座。<span class="zhuanming">東昏</span>至<span class="zhuanming">蔣山</span><span class="zhuanming">定林寺</span>，一沙門<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00211','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P211</span></i>病不能避，去藏草間，帝將殺之，<span class="zhuanming">韓暉光</span>曰：老道人可念。是也。」業師<span class="zhuanming">項楚</span>先生<span class="shuming">王梵志詩校注</span>：「其實僧徒稱道人，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>以後仍未盡廢。<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span><span class="shuming">杏花</span>：『明年更發應更好，道人（原注：謂寺僧）莫忘鄰家翁。』」　按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">釋靈藏傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋靈藏</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span><span class="zhuanming">新豐</span>人也。……<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>與<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>布衣知友，情款綢狎。及龍飛兹始，彌結深衷，禮讓崇敦，光價朝宰。……宫闈嚴衛，來往難阻，帝卒須見，頻闕朝謁，乃敕諸門，不須安籍，任<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>往返。及處内禁，與帝等倫，坐必同榻，行必同輿。經綸國務，雅會天鑒。有時住宿，即邇寢殿。嚫錫之費，蓋無競矣。<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>四年，<span class="zhuanming">關輔</span>亢旱，帝引民衆就給<span class="zhuanming">洛州</span>，敕<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>同行，共通聖化。既達所在，歸投極多，帝聞之告曰：『弟子是俗人天子，律師爲道人天子。』」</span> </p><p> <span>歲苦旱，雩而不雨，國人騷非有年<a class="zhuhao" href="#1216" id="1211">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【雩】音于，請雨祭名。【年】禾熟曰年。</span> <span>帝以聽於神，無若聽於聖人也，迺請<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>於<span class="zhuanming">大興殿</span>登御座，南面傳戒，帝命朝宰席北面跪受，不崇朝而雨焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1217" id="1212">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崇朝】崇，終也。朝，前辰是。不終已而雨也。</span> <span>衣與食皆出自帝宫，傳自帝手。尋昇爲平等沙門，於所犯者，兩造具備，然後泣而懲之<a class="zhuhao" href="#1218" id="1213">〔三〕</a>。哀敬刑書，弘<span class="zhuanming">大禹</span>之悼罰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1219" id="1214">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人，幼而聰慧。沙彌時有<span class="zhuanming">薛居士</span>，因書四字示之：方圓動静。令體之，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>應聲曰：「方如方等城，圓如智惠日，動則比識浪，静類涅槃室。」<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>驚駭。後著<span class="shuming">涅槃經疏</span>十五卷，於舍利塔前祈請，放光夜燭也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1220" id="1215">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尋昇】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云拜昇爲平等沙門也。【兩造】因證見謂兩造至也。【悼罰】上哀泣也，下罪。<span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>見罪人，下車泣云：是何過也？」<span class="shuming">説苑</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>見罪人，下車<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00212','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P212</span></i>泣而問之，左右曰：『夫罪人不順，故使之然焉。聖何爲痛之？』<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之民，皆以<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之心爲心。今寡人爲君也，百姓各自以其心爲心，是以痛之。』<span class="shuming">書</span>云『百姓有罪，在于一人』者也。」【蒲州】今<span class="zhuanming">河中府</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1211" id="1216">〔一〕</a>雩：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一一下：「雩，夏祭樂于<span class="zhuanming">赤帝</span>，以祈甘雨也。」　騷：憂愁。　有年：豐年。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">多士</span>：「今爾惟時宅爾邑，繼爾居，爾厥有幹有年于兹<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「汝其有安事有豐年於此<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1212" id="1217">〔二〕</a>崇朝：終朝，從天亮到早飯時，比喻時間短暫，猶言一個早晨。崇，通「終」。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">鄘風</span><span class="shuming">蝃蝀</span>：「朝隮于西，崇朝其雨。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「崇，終也。從旦至食時爲終朝。」　按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇延</span>，俗緣<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人也。……帝遂躬事祈雨，請<span class="zhuanming">延</span>於<span class="zhuanming">大興殿</span>登御座，南面授法。帝及朝宰五品已上，咸席地北面而受八戒。戒授纔訖，日正中時，天有片雲，須臾遍佈，便降甘雨，遠邇咸感。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1213" id="1218">〔三〕</a>兩造：訴訟雙方，即原告和被告。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">吕刑</span>：「兩造具備，師聽五辭。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「兩謂囚﹑證；造，至也。」<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「敕又拜爲平第沙門，有犯刑網者，皆對之泣淚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1214" id="1219">〔四〕</a>哀敬：悲痛莊敬。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">禮論</span>：「故喪禮者無他焉，明死生之義，送以哀敬而終周藏也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1215" id="1220">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>乃戲題四字，謂方圓動静，命<span class="zhuanming">延</span>體之。<span class="zhuanming">延</span>應聲曰：『方如方等城，圓如智慧日，動則識波浪，静類涅槃室。』<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>驚異絶歎，曰：『由來所未見，希世挺生，即斯人也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>帝嘗欲試沙門器度，廣搜嘯于殿廷。敕禁甲虎賁，奮劒逐之。唯<span class="zhuanming">敬脱</span>步武若暇，逶迤而退<a class="zhuhao" href="#1223" id="1221">〔一〕</a>。帝美其弘遠，命昇殿，錫法物道服，旌其異也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1224" id="1222">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">敬脱</span>，常擔母學業，善大書，筆如臂，管長三尺。方丈書一字，更不脩整。<span class="zhuanming">隋文</span>命上殿，賜大竹扇，面闊三尺，即令執用。並賜<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00213','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P213</span></i>松枸高屐，令著。從宫中出，帝自送之，曰：「誠僧傑也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘯】蘇吊切，聚也。【虎賁】下音奔，勇也。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>有虎賁，掌王前虎。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，戎車三百兩，虎賁三百人也。【武】步也。【逶迤】上音威，下音移，容止閑行皃。【錫】賜也。【松枸】下音矩，木名，出<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，子可食，<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>謂之木蜜。其木近酒能薄味，爲履治脚氣。枹，悮。【屧】先叶切，履中薦，恐字悮。宜屐，音劇，履用木爲底，以障泥水曰屧，可思。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1221" id="1223">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">敬脱</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一二有傳。　步武：脚步。　逶迤：舒展自如貌。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">遠遊</span>：「駕八龍之婉婉兮，載雲旗之逶蛇。」<span class="zhuanming">王夫之</span><span class="shuming">通釋</span>：「逶蛇，音威夷，曲折自如貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1222" id="1224">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">敬脱傳</span>：「帝欲試諸大德誰爲剛亮，通命引入<span class="zhuanming">允武殿</span>。敕監門郎將<span class="zhuanming">段文操</span>拔刀逐之令走。諸大德並趨步速往，唯<span class="zhuanming">脱</span>緩步如常，語<span class="zhuanming">操</span>曰：『卿何事以此相逼？』及上殿坐，語論佛理。帝徐顧<span class="zhuanming">操</span>曰：『衆僧素不知俗法，監門何得催耶？』私異<span class="zhuanming">脱</span>之大志也。敕賜大竹扇，面闊三尺，即令執用。並賜松抱高屧，令著於宫中而出。帝自送之，曰：『誠僧傑矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span>觀乎<span class="zhuanming">仁壽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>，天下大定，亦以善之至也。而智不圖遠，家愛不臧，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臧，善也。家愛謂<span class="zhuanming">煬帝</span>承父之大業而不修令德，荒惑女色，以至亡敗矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臧】善也，厚也。【煬】音漾，炙也。</span> <span>遂使卜世不永，故吾教以福慧爲兩濟，闕則何言哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1226" id="1225">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">隋</span>三帝共三十八年矣，而禪于<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【卜世】龜曰卜，蓍曰筮。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>定鼎，卜世三十有七，卜年七百是也。【濟】去聲，答也。【禪】音膳，代也，讓也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1225" id="1226">〔一〕</a>卜世：通過占卜預測傳國的世數。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>定鼎于<span class="zhuanming">郟鄏</span>，卜世三十，卜年七百，天所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00214','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P214</span></i>命也。」這裏指國運。　福慧：福德與智慧。此兩者，是佛﹑菩薩的兩種莊嚴。　濟：濟渡。</span> </p><p> <span>古者有德而爵，有功而禄，而沙門有至卿大夫爵禄者也；古者生名﹑冠字﹑死謚，而沙門有至侯伯之謚者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子生二十，冠而字，字以表德也。殁而立謚<a class="zhuhao" href="#1236" id="1227">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人以諱事神，名終將諱之，故易之以謚。古者無賜紫衣﹑師号者，有賜謚号者，如<span class="zhuanming">定蘭</span>賜謚<span class="zhuanming">覺性</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【卿大夫】九卿二十七大夫。【冠字】表德。【謚】音示，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>造謚法。</span> <span>悲夫，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人竄<span class="zhuanming">跋陁</span>於<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1237" id="1228">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">跋陁</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>。一日誦習，敵餘人一月。自<span class="zhuanming">中印土</span>至<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>論議，甚有神異。爲<span class="zhuanming">僧䂮</span>等謗，逐之往<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，譯經一百餘卷，七十一而卒。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏后</span>辟<span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>於<span class="zhuanming">平城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1238" id="1229">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高</span>生而神異，<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋燾</span>僭據<span class="zhuanming">平城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>與太子<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>善，<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>被讒，父疑<span class="zhuanming">高</span>，又爲<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寇謙</span>等譖帝。帝怒，縶而殺之。光明至寺，弟子方知，遂請尸欲葬之。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>復起，備言吉凶而卒。出<span class="shuming">梁傳</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【平城】<span class="zhuanming">白登</span>也。或云今<span class="zhuanming">朔州</span>也。昔<span class="zhuanming">漢祖</span>西征，受困於此，<span class="zhuanming">陳平</span>用計免之。城上現有<span class="zhuanming">美女臺</span>。【寇謙】道士<span class="zhuanming">寇謙之</span>也。諸本皆冠者，悮。【縶】陟立切，繫也，拘也。</span> <span>苟非其時，雖聖賢，尚致危身之酷，豈止泣麟傷鳳而已哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1239" id="1230">〔四〕</a>！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泣麟】謂<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>下車泣麟，詳之前矣。【傷鳳】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：鳳鳥不至，<span class="zhuanming">河</span>不出圖，吾也已矣。蓋傷不與嘉瑞遇時。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">漢文</span>優賢而<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>猶謫<a class="zhuhao" href="#1240" id="1231">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢文</span>仁聖，而<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>賢才，猶謫<span class="zhuanming">長沙</span>而卒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誼】音義。【長沙】<span class="zhuanming">潭州</span><span class="zhuanming">長沙郡</span>。【謫】陟格切，責也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>禮士而<span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>就誅<a class="zhuhao" href="#1241" id="1232">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">文舉</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>誅之。<span class="zhuanming">融</span>二子八九歲，方弈棋不起。左右曰：「父見誅，何不起耶？」二子曰：「豈有覆巢之下，復有完其卵<a class="zhuhao" href="#1242" id="1233">〔七〕</a>乎？」尋，俱收而死也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1243" id="1234">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span>豈非通塞之命，懸於時運哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1244" id="1235">〔九〕</a>？</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00215','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P215</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1227" id="1236">〔一〕</a>謚：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「溢」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1228" id="1237">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">跋陁</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1229" id="1238">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1230" id="1239">〔四〕</a>泣麟：哀泣世衰道窮。<span class="shuming">公羊傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公十四年</span>：「十有四年春，西狩獲麟……麟者，仁獸也。有王者則至，無王者則不至。有以告者，曰『有麕而角者』。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『孰爲來哉！孰爲來哉！』反袂拭面，涕沾袍。」又：「西狩獲麟。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾道窮矣。』」<span class="zhuanming">何休</span>注：「麟者太平之符，聖人之類，時得麟而死，此亦天告夫子將没之徵，故云爾。」　傷鳳：典出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子曰：『鳳鳥不至，<span class="zhuanming">河</span>不出圖，吾已矣夫。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1231" id="1240">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">漢文</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢文帝</span><span class="zhuanming">劉恒</span>（公元前二○三—前一五七年）。　<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>（公元前二○○—前一六八年），<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>人。年十八，能誦詩屬書，聞於郡中，<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>召爲博士。因遭群臣忌恨，被貶爲<span class="zhuanming">長沙王</span>太傅。後又爲<span class="zhuanming">梁懷王</span>太傅。<span class="zhuanming">梁懷王</span>墜馬死，<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>深自歉疚，憂傷而死，年三十三歲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1232" id="1241">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>：<span class="zhuanming">魏武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>（公元一五五—公元二二○年），提出「唯才是舉」，先後三次下「求賢令」。<span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>（公元一五三—二○八年）與<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>政治上有分歧，每多乖忤，終爲<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>所殺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1233" id="1242">〔七〕</a>卵：原誤作「卯」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1234" id="1243">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">言語</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>被收，中外惶怖。時<span class="zhuanming">融</span>兒大者九歲，小者八歲，二兒故琢釘戲，了無遽容。<span class="zhuanming">融</span>謂使者曰：『冀罪止於身，二兒可得全不？』兒徐進曰：『大人豈見覆巢之下，復有完卵乎？』尋亦收至。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00216','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P216</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1235" id="1244">〔九〕</a>通塞：境遇之順逆。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">節</span>：「象曰：不出户庭，知通塞也。」</span> </p><p> <span>余嘗適莽蒼之野<a class="zhuhao" href="#1248" id="1245">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">莽蒼，郊野也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莽蒼之野】郊坰之間也。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云「適莽蒼者一餐而反，覆猶果然」是也。</span> <span>遭鮮風騰馥，爲之四顧，得紫芝數本於衰叢之末，而野燒所及，莖蓋毁缺，迺擷而翫之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">擷，胡結反。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鮮】上音仙，清風也。【風騰】轉也。【馥】音服，香氣芬馥。【紫芝】瑞草也。<span class="shuming">論衡</span>云：「土氣和而芝草生瑞。」<span class="shuming">命禮</span>云：王者仁慈則草生。其芝有六種，謂赤者如珊瑚，白者如載膏，黑者如漆，青者如翠羽，黄者如紫金，紫者如朝袍，皆可食，令人延年。<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span><span class="zhuanming">少</span>間時有生石上者，最爲奇瑞，故縣爲<span class="zhuanming">芝田縣</span>也。【燒】音少，放火也。【擷】胡結切，將取也。</span> <span>但顧拙於所庸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1249" id="1246">〔二〕</a>，日暮，寘石上而歸。他日登朱門，覩瓊籠之中，巾以文繡，與余之先見者奚異也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1250" id="1247">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庸】用也。【寘】支義切，置也。【瓊籠】玉檻也。【奚】何也。</span> <span>但遇不遇也，惜乎！人之於人，何莫若是哉！</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1245" id="1248">〔一〕</a>莽蒼：指迷茫的郊野。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「適莽蒼者，三飡而返，腹猶果然。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「莽蒼，郊野之色，遥望之不甚分明也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1246" id="1249">〔二〕</a>庸：用。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三下：「庸，用也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1247" id="1250">〔三〕</a>朱門：紅漆大門，指貴族豪富之家。<span class="shuming">抱朴子外篇</span><span class="shuming">嘉遯</span>：「背朝華於朱門，保恬寂乎蓬户。」　文繡：刺繡華美的絲織品。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天運</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">師金</span>曰：『夫芻狗之未陳也，盛以篋衍，巾以文繡，尸祝齋戒以將之。及其已陳也，行者踐其首脊，蘇者取而爨之而已。』」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
合霸王第五
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133721" key="1133721"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第三 &gt; 合霸王第五 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133705" key="1133705"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00151','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P151</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000016">合霸王第五<span class="font12 zhu">明帝主相承，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地沙門遭遇時君興廢等事。</span></p><p> <span>劫初，蒸民胥于粒食<a class="zhuhao" href="#852" id="841">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蒸，衆也。胥，相也。地肥既盡，則有自然粳米。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【劫初】住劫初分。【粒食】嘗草别穀，蒸民乃<span class="shuming">陸景典語</span>曰<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>。【蒸】煑仍切，衆也。</span> <span>香稻既盡，分土作蓺<a class="zhuhao" href="#853" id="842">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓺，治也。人既侵奪，乃分土田而各治之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蓺】魚祭切，音世，種也，與藝同。</span> <span>爲防疆里，立<span class="zhuanming">大三末多王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#854" id="843">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">三末多</span>，此乃聚落王。慮有强者侵奪，遂立一人爲王。供其輸貢，令作民主。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大三末多王】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">摩訶三末多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">大平等</span>。【輸】税也，送也。</span> <span>庶類欽承，恩流率土，重離繼體，世祚<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#855" id="844">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君父繼紹，作<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之主也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【率土】猶云天下也。【重離】上直龍切，兩也；下列知切，明著也。【繼體】嫡傳父子位也。【祚】昨悮切，福也，禄也，位也。</span> <span>至于<span class="zhuanming">浄飯</span>，凡八萬四千二百六十餘王<a class="zhuhao" href="#856" id="845">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">阿含經</span>云：過去有王名<span class="zhuanming">懿摩</span>，有四庶子：一<span class="zhuanming">昭目</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">聯目</span>，三<span class="zhuanming">調伏象</span>，四<span class="zhuanming">尼樓聰</span>，並聰明神武，有大威德。第一夫人有子名<span class="zhuanming">長生</span>，頑薄醜陋，衆人所賤。夫人慮四子奪其位，遂譖王黜之。王即敕四子各速出國。時諸力士﹑一切人民願隨之去。至<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>間，住<span class="zhuanming">直樹林</span>。數年之内，歸德若市，遂爲强國。父思見之，召而弗往。父乃三歎：我子有能，以此命族爲<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>。<span class="shuming">阿含經</span>云：釋林爲姓，故有<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>姓。釋即樹也<a class="zhuhao" href="#857" id="846">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【浄飯】<span class="zhuanming">悦頭<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00152','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P152</span></i>檀</span>者是。【昭目】<span class="shuming">本行</span>云炬目。【聯目】<span class="shuming">本行</span>云金色。【調伏象】<span class="shuming">本行</span>云衆也。【尼樓聰】或言<span class="zhuanming">尼拘羅</span>，諸言别成。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">懿師摩王</span>之後，有王名<span class="zhuanming">大善生</span>，凡七世，姓<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇氏</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#858" id="847">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔有國王，父母早喪，讓國與<a class="zhuhao" href="#859" id="848">〔八〕</a>弟，捨位求道。見一婆羅門，姓<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇氏</span>，因從學道。婆羅門言：當解王衣，如吾所服。受<span class="zhuanming">瞿曇</span>姓，謂之<span class="zhuanming">小瞿曇菩薩</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懿師摩】<span class="shuming">四分律</span>云<span class="zhuanming">懿摩</span>。【瞿曇】此云<span class="zhuanming">最勝</span>。除天之外，在地人中最爲勝也。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">鬱摩王</span>之後，有王名<span class="zhuanming">尼樓聰</span>，凡五世，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦氏</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">尼樓王</span>生<span class="zhuanming">烏頭羅王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">烏頭羅王</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>主，生<span class="zhuanming">瞿頭羅王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">瞿頭羅王</span>生<span class="zhuanming">尸休羅王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">尸休羅王</span>生四子：一<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">白飯王</span>，三<span class="zhuanming">斛飯王</span>，四<span class="zhuanming">甘露飯王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>即佛父也。</span> <span>大士既百劫脩相好<a class="zhuhao" href="#860" id="849">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">菩薩三大企耶劫脩行至金剛喻定，後百劫脩相好，千劫學威儀，萬劫學化行也<a class="zhuhao" href="#861" id="850">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>而後相厥生，莫如刹帝利﹑婆羅門。而刹帝利位重也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云刹帝利，此云土田主，則王種也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重】上聲。</span> <span>婆羅門德尊，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語正云婆羅賀摩拏，此云浄御，是<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>苗裔。唯<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>有，諸國所無。爲王者師，故云德尊也。</span> <span>但劫濁澆微，德不勝位，故我不生婆羅門也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勝】平（呼），任也；去（呼），加也。</span> <span>雖微國無刹帝利，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">微，無也。</span> <span>而世胄綿遠，莫過於<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">三末多王</span>至<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>八萬四千二百六十餘王故。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【胄】直又切，裔也。又，國子曰胄。【過】平。</span> <span>餘二姓卑寒，生則不塞於人謗，故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>不生也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">塞，掩也。二姓謂一鞞舍，此云坐估，俗多寶，故以爲名；二戍達羅，亦云首陁，謂田農宦學者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#862" id="851">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞞舍】或云吠舍，正云吠奢，此云商賈，非唯坐估也。【估】音古，市也。【宦】音患，仕宦也，學也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：宦三年也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00153','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P153</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#841" id="852">〔一〕</a>劫初：成劫之初，即<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>形成的初期。　粒食：以穀物爲食。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#842" id="853">〔二〕</a>香稻：有香氣的稻米。劫初時，自然生長在土地上。<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>卷一二：「有非耕種香稻自生，衆共取之，以充所食。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#843" id="854">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三末多</span>：劫初之王名。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一二：「<span class="zhuanming">三末多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">共許</span>，衆人共許爲好人也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#844" id="855">〔四〕</a>庶類：萬物。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">鄭語</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span>能單平水土，以品處庶類者也。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>除水災，使萬物高下各得其所。」　欽承：恭敬地承受。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">説命下</span>：「監于先王成憲，其永無愆，惟<span class="zhuanming">説</span>式克欽承。」　率土：「率土之濱」之省，謂境域之内。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">北山</span>：「率土之濱，莫非王臣。」　重離：這裏指太子。本<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">離</span>之義。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">離</span>：「明兩作離，大人以繼明照于四方。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「明兩作離者，離爲日，日爲明。」<span class="shuming">離卦</span>爲離上離下相重，故以「重離」指太陽。　繼體：繼位。　世祚：世代享有。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#845" id="856">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">浄飯</span>：<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛國</span>之王，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的父王。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#846" id="857">〔六〕</a>見<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>卷一三。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#847" id="858">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">懿師摩王</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">懿師彌王</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">郁摩王</span>」等，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">日種王</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">善生王</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>王族之祖，都於<span class="zhuanming">浮陀洛城</span>，以福德一統天下。<span class="shuming">佛本行集經</span>卷五：「此童子者，既是日炙熟甘蔗開而出生，故一名<span class="zhuanming">善生</span>；又以其從甘蔗出故，第二復名<span class="zhuanming">甘蔗生</span>；又以日炙甘蔗出，故亦名<span class="zhuanming">日種</span>。」　<span class="zhuanming">大善生</span>：<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>七世祖。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#848" id="859">〔八〕</a>與：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「焉」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#849" id="860">〔九〕</a>相好：即「三十二相」﹑「八十種好」，是佛所具有的種種殊勝的體貌。顯著者爲三十二相，細微者爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00154','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P154</span></i>八十種好。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#850" id="861">〔一○〕</a>企耶劫：無數劫。　金剛喻定：能斷盡一切煩惱的禪定。<span class="shuming">成唯識論</span>卷一○：「由三大劫阿僧企耶修集無邊難行勝行，金剛喻定現在前時，永斷本來一切粗重，頓證佛果，圓滿轉依，窮未來際，利樂無盡。」　威儀：行住坐卧應有的威德和儀則。　化行：化教與行教的合稱。通於道俗，令其泛知因果道理，邪正差别的教法，謂之化教；明示佛弟子應當遵守的戒行，謂之行教。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：『化教所説，名修多羅；行教所説，名曰毗尼。汎宣理事因果﹑是非，是化教也；辨彰行儀，是行教也。』</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#851" id="862">〔一一〕</a>鞞舍：又作吠舍，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>四姓中的第三姓——商賈。　戍達羅：又作「首陀羅」，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>四姓中的第四姓——農人奴隸。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「若夫族姓殊者，有四流焉：一曰婆羅門，浄行也。守道居貞，潔白其操。二曰刹帝利，王種也，舊曰刹利，略也。奕世君臨，仁恕爲志。三曰吠奢，舊曰毗舍，訛也，商賈也。貿遷有無，逐利遠近。四曰戍陀羅，舊曰首陀，訛也，農人也。肆力疇隴，勤身稼穡。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">五天</span>分野，周九萬餘里，三陲大海，北背<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>，有八大國十六大城七十餘小國。時無輪王統御<a class="zhuhao" href="#866" id="863">〔一〕</a>，從于霸國之令，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若有輪王，小國咸服屬。今既無輪王，只以强者爲霸者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【分野】應一十二國地分名爲分野。【御】理也。</span> <span>其猶<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>春秋之時，王道衰，諸侯受制於<span class="zhuanming">桓</span><span class="zhuanming">文</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>自<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>見殺之後，<span class="zhuanming">平王</span>東遷<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>，諸侯得以專征，如<span class="zhuanming">晉文公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊桓公</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諸夏】中國也。<span class="shuming">語</span>云：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00155','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P155</span></i>「<span class="zhuanming">夷狄</span>之有君，不<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>之亡也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#867" id="864">〔二〕</a>【春秋之時】<span class="zhuanming">周僖公</span>三年，<span class="zhuanming">齊桓公</span>始霸。<span class="zhuanming">襄王</span>十七年，<span class="zhuanming">晉文公</span>始霸。<span class="zhuanming">項王</span>六年，<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>始霸是也。</span> <span>禮樂征伐非一人之由也<a class="zhuhao" href="#868" id="865">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古者制禮﹑作樂﹑征伐之事，皆須自於天子。爾來專濫，非從一人而出也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由】從也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#863" id="866">〔一〕</a>輪王：即轉輪王。佛經中的人間聖主。轉動輪寶以威伏四方，又分爲<span class="zhuanming">金輪王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">銀輪王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">銅輪王</span>和<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>。詳見前注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#864" id="867">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夷狄</span>之有君，不如<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>之亡也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#865" id="868">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『天下有道，則禮樂征伐自天子出；天下無道，則禮樂征伐自諸侯出。自諸侯出，蓋十世希不失矣；自大夫出，五世希不失矣；陪臣執國命，三世希不失矣。天下有道，則政不在大夫。天下有道，則庶人不議。』」</span> </p><p> <span>是<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提</span>爲大國<a class="zhuhao" href="#873" id="869">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">不至</span>，爲此國將勇兵謀，諸鄰敵之兵皆不能至。周五千里，城少居人，邑多編户。沃壤滋稼穡，有香稻，粒麁味殊，彼俗謂之供大人米。土地墊濕，邑國居鄽。風淳俗質，氣序温和也<a class="zhuhao" href="#874" id="870">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【周五千里】注依<span class="shuming">西域記</span>也。【城少舍人】舍是居人。【沃壤】水灌曰注，沃土無塊曰壤。【麤】音麄，大也。【墊】音店，下濕也。<span class="shuming">書</span>曰：下民昏墊。【邑國居鄽】<span class="shuming">記</span>云邑居高原，注悮。</span> <span>居海隅之中，<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>爲君長<a class="zhuhao" href="#875" id="871">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">顔色端正</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>父也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓶沙】或云<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>，<span class="shuming">記</span>云番爲<span class="zhuanming">影堅</span>，<span class="shuming">珠琳</span>云「毗頻」，此云「顔色」。「娑羅」者，此云「端正」也。</span> <span>冠群后之列。<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>爲法集勝會，表萬派而朝宗也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">矩奢揭羅補羅城</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">上茅城</span>，出最上茅也。<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提國</span>之中，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00156','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P156</span></i>昔因遭火，出居此，遂城而舍之。後<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>遷居<span class="zhuanming">波吒釐</span>，此唯婆羅門千家而住也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【后】君也。【波吒釐】此云<span class="zhuanming">女壻樹</span>，舊云<span class="zhuanming">已連弗邑</span>是已。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span>爲衆聖之奥府，表群嶽之相下也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">俱蘇摩城</span>，既是山城，近於<span class="zhuanming">王舍</span>。雖有五山，此山獨勝。高而且顯，故表出過二乘。多棲鷲鳥，故名<span class="zhuanming">鷲峰</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鷲】鳥名也，黑色多子。此山形如鷲頭，故曰<span class="zhuanming">鷲頭山</span>也。【相】去呼，瞻視。【府】聚也。【俱蘇摩】此云青花。【此山】上是五字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>思皇登庸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皇，大也。登，升也。庸，用也。大升用，謂爲君也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿闍世】此云<span class="zhuanming">未生怨</span>也。【登庸】<span class="shuming">堯典</span>云：「帝曰：疇咨若時登庸。」</span> <span>以弑父敗名。雖有功德，不足誦也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">與<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>作謀弑父，囚殺<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>，又仗劒逐母<span class="zhuanming">韋提希</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#876" id="872">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弑】音試，大逆也。【誦】稱舉也。【因殺】因是囚字。【韋提希】或云<span class="zhuanming">弗婆提</span>，乃東州神名也。從彼乞得，故以爲名，乃<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>母也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#869" id="873">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">摩竭提</span>：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>十六大國之一，爲<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>所在。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="shuming">尼波羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span>，舊曰<span class="zhuanming">摩伽陀</span>，又曰<span class="zhuanming">摩竭提</span>，皆訛也。<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>境。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#870" id="874">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陀國上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span>周五千餘里，城少居人，邑多編户。地沃壤，滋稼穡。有異稻種，其粒麤大，香味殊越，光色特甚，彼俗謂之供大人米。土地墊濕，邑居高原。孟夏之後，仲秋之前，平居流水，可以泛舟。風俗淳質，氣序温暑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#871" id="875">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>等，佛在世時<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span>王。深歸佛法，終爲逆子<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>幽囚而死。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷九：「洴沙，蒲經反，應訛也，正言<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>也，或云『頻毗』，此譯云『形牢』，一云『頻毗』，此云『顔色』。婆羅，此云『端正』，或云『色像殊妙』也。」卷五九：「<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>，此言訛也，正言<span class="zhuanming">頻<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00157','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P157</span></i>婆娑羅</span>，此云『形牢』，是<span class="zhuanming">摩伽陀國王</span>也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#872" id="876">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿闍世</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">未生怨王</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>時<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">摩揭陁國</span><span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>之子，曾弑父害母。參<span class="shuming">觀無量壽佛經</span>卷上。後向佛懺悔，皈依佛法，爲佛教之大護法。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>涅槃之後，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>等結集佛教經典時，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>爲大施主，供給一切資用。</span> </p><p> <span>至<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>，大業中昌。威被海隅，勢侔<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪</span>，而不即其真也<a class="zhuhao" href="#889" id="877">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">侔，齊也。即，成也。勢雖齊於<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪</span>，而非<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>曾孫也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿育】且云<span class="zhuanming">阿輸迦</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">無憂</span>。【侔】音牟，齊也。</span> <span>初，法象經中造地獄<a class="zhuhao" href="#890" id="878">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">法象，依學也。</span> <span>峻垣重坎，爍鐵流爛，搏人以投。雖古有刳斮烹焚，不甚此酷<a class="zhuhao" href="#891" id="879">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">商紂</span>刳剔孕婦，斮朝涉之脛，置炮烙之刑，焚炙忠良，剖賢人之心。若以比方，未足爲甚。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爍】式灼切，灼也。【爛】火熟也。【搏】補各切，手擊也。【刳】區姑切，剖也，屠列也。【斮】側略切，斬也。【剔】音逖，解骨也。【脛】形定切，脚脛也。</span> <span>慕勇濟惡，克邁凶德<a class="zhuhao" href="#892" id="880">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">南山下有一人，兇惡堪爲獄卒。召之，父母未允，遂殺之而來也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慕】思也。【濟】成也。</span> <span>遇得道者，以神力化之，遽革乃過<a class="zhuhao" href="#893" id="881">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">初，國中犯法罪人，無輕重揔入塗炭。後有行至獄次，即擒以誅戮。時有沙門，巡里乞食，獄吏擒入。沙門惶怖，請乞禮懺七日。俄見一人縛入，斬截手足，磔裂形骸。見已，深增悲悼。成無常觀，證無學果。雖入鑊湯，若在清池，有大蓮花而爲之座。王聞騁觀，深讚靈祐。後殺獄主，遂廢其獄也<a class="zhuhao" href="#894" id="882">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遽革】急改也。【塗炭】置人於水火曰塗炭。【磔】長格切，張開也。【悼】音導，傷也。</span> <span>大德<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>又以因果啓迪<a class="zhuhao" href="#895" id="883">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">啓，開也。迪，道也。第五祖<span class="zhuanming">優波毱多</span>，以因果而開導之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迪】進<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00158','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P158</span></i>也。</span> <span>重省增懼，追思補復，爰乃發八王之函甒，樹八萬之靈刹<a class="zhuhao" href="#896" id="884">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>自廢獄之後，日加善誘，廣説獻土之因，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>懸記興建之功。乃集鬼神，戮力同心，以八國共分收舍利，命鬼神至期日，日有隱蔽。其狀如手，宜下舍利。日正中時，羅漢伸手蔽日，營建遂成矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#897" id="885">〔九〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【省】息井切，審也，察也。【函】音咸，寶函也。【甒】音武，罌也。【舍利】或云設利羅，此云身骨，又譯爲稻穀，言碎身爲稻穀量也。【樹】上聲，立也。【刹】塔柱也。【懸】遠也。【戮】音六，併力也。</span> <span>其王以施土之福，功高位尊，至於阿縱<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，斥逐賢聖，致令僧分二部<a class="zhuhao" href="#898" id="886">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>入宫之後，日受恩寵。於説戒夜與僧相争<a class="zhuhao" href="#899" id="887">〔一一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>黨之，乃分大衆﹑上座二部也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【施】去呼。【阿】平呼，曲黨。【斥】逐也。【致】至使也。</span> <span>佛法初破。雖元惡大憝本不在己，而爲王者特無先鑒，不得不均罪于厥躬也<a class="zhuhao" href="#900" id="888">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自此法乖一味也。元，首也。憝，怨也。蓋以王者不能定罪正非，斯其咎也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憝】音隊，怨也，惡也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「元惡大憝。」【均】同也。【厥躬】其身。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#877" id="889">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>：音譯<span class="zhuanming">阿輸迦</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">無憂</span>，故又稱<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">孔雀王朝</span>的第三代君主。統治初期窮兵黷武，後皈依佛教，極力弘法。據傳説，在位期間共建造八萬四千座佛塔。　鐵輪：即<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>，四輪王之一。感得鐵之輪寶，統御<span class="zhuanming">南閻浮提洲</span>之帝王。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#878" id="890">〔二〕</a>法象：效法，取法。<span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷六<span class="shuming">雷虚</span>：「奉天而行，其誅殺也，宜法象上天。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#879" id="891">〔三〕</a>垣：牆。峻垣謂極高的牆。　坎：陷阱，深淵。重坎指極深的陷阱。　爍：銷熔。　爛：燒灼。　搏：捕捉。　按：<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓上</span>：「焚炙忠良，刳剔孕婦，皇天震怒。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「刳剔謂<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00159','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P159</span></i>割剥也。」又<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">商</span>王<span class="zhuanming">受</span>，狎侮五常，荒怠弗敬，自絶於天，結怨於民，斮朝涉之脛，剖賢人之心，作威殺戮，毒痡四海。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「冬月見朝涉水者，謂其脛耐寒，斬而視之。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">殷本紀</span>：「百姓怨望而諸侯有畔者，於是<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>乃重刑辟，有炮格之法。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="shuming">列女傳</span>：「膏銅柱，下加之炭，令有罪者行焉，輒墮炭中。<span class="zhuanming">妲己</span>笑，名曰炮格之刑。」<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓上</span>：「焚炙忠良，刳剔孕婦。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>怒，乃更爲銅柱以膏塗之，亦加於炭火之上，使有罪者緣之，足滑跌墜入中。<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>與<span class="zhuanming">妲己</span>以爲大樂，名曰炮烙之刑，是<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>焚炙之事也。」上引<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span><span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>忠諫，謂其心異於人，剖而觀之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#880" id="892">〔四〕</a>邁：超過。　凶德：違反仁德的惡行。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">盤庚下</span>：「古我先王，將多於前功，適於山，用降我凶德，嘉績於朕邦。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「下去兇惡之德，立善功於我國。」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「孝敬﹑忠信爲吉德；盜賊﹑藏姦爲凶德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#881" id="893">〔五〕</a>神力：又曰神通力，謂佛菩薩所示現的種種神奇不可思議之力。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#882" id="894">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陀國</span>上：「初，<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>嗣位之後，舉措苛暴，乃立地獄，作害生靈。周垣峻峙，隅樓特起，猛焰洪鑪，銛鋒利刃，備諸苦具，擬像幽塗，招募凶人，立爲獄主。初以國中犯法罪人，無挍輕重，總入塗炭。後以行經獄次，擒以誅戮，至者皆死，遂滅口焉。時有沙門，初入法衆，巡里乞食，遇至獄門，獄吏凶人，擒欲殘害。沙門惶怖，請得禮懺。俄見一人縛來入獄，斬截手足，磔裂形骸，俯仰之間，支體糜散。沙門見已，深增悲悼，成無常觀，證無學果。獄卒曰：『可以死矣。』沙門既證聖果，心夷生死，雖入鑊湯，若在清池，有大蓮花而爲之座。獄主驚駭，馳使白王，王遂躬觀，深<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00160','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P160</span></i>讚靈祐。……即命獄卒投之洪鑪。獄主既死，王乃得出。於是頽牆堙塹，廢獄寬刑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#883" id="895">〔七〕</a>大德：對高僧的尊稱。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">大德</span>引<span class="shuming">增輝記</span>云：「行滿德高，曰『大德』。」　<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">優婆鞠多</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">鄔波鞠多</span>」等，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">大護</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">近藏</span>」等。付法藏之第四師，出於佛滅後二百年<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>時，稱爲<span class="zhuanming">無相好佛</span>。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span><span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">鄔波鞠多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">近藏</span>，佛涅槃後一百年出，是<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>門師。」　因果：因者能生，果者所生。有因則必有果，有果則必有因。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span><span class="shuming">遗教品第一</span>：「善惡之報，如影隨形。三世因果，循環不失。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#884" id="896">〔八〕</a>補復：補償﹑報答。　爰：於是。　甒：瓦器。　靈刹：佛寺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#885" id="897">〔九〕</a>八國：<span class="zhuanming">拘尸國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">波婆國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遮羅頗國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">羅摩伽國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗留提國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摩竭國</span>等。　舍利：亦稱舍利子，意爲骨身﹑遺骨。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷五：「所遺骨分，通名舍利。」<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注文參見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陀國</span>上，文繁不録。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#886" id="898">〔一○〕</a>阿縱：庇護縱容。　二部：上座部﹑大衆部。以窟内之結集，謂之上座部。窟外之結集，謂之大衆部。　<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>」。出於佛滅後百年，主張五種新説，此即「大天五事」。原本祇是結集場所不同的上座﹑大衆二部，因爲反對和讚成五事而有了宗義上的區别。這是部派佛教之始。時國王<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>黨於<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，欲悉殺上座部之僧衆，故彼等去而往<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>以<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃之後第一百年，命世君臨，威被殊俗，深信三寶，愛育四生。時有五百羅漢僧，五百凡夫僧，王所敬仰，供養無差。有凡夫僧<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，闊達多智，幽求名實。潭思作論，理違聖教。凡有聞知，群從異議。<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>不識凡﹑聖，因情所好，黨授所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00161','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P161</span></i>親。召集僧德赴<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>，欲沉深流，總從誅戮。時諸羅漢既逼命難，咸運神通，凌虚履空。來至此國，山棲谷隱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#887" id="899">〔一一〕</a>説戒：佛教僧團的持戒行爲。爲了檢點﹑整飭戒行，長養善法，保持僧團戒行清浄，每半月終，比丘﹑比丘尼齊集一處，讀誦戒經，稱爲「説戒」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#888" id="900">〔一二〕</a>元惡：首惡。　大憝：奸惡。指元兇魁首。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">康誥</span>：「王曰：『封，元惡大憝，矧惟不孝不友。』」　特：單單。　鑒：明察，審查。　躬：自身。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">申毒</span>之北<a class="zhuhao" href="#910" id="901">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">毒，<span class="shuming">漢書</span>音篤，即<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>也。或云<span class="zhuanming">賢豆</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#911" id="902">〔二〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言月也。月有一千名，群生淪迴，不息長夜。聖賢化之導物，如月照夜，以是立彼土名也。</span> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#912" id="903">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>也。去<span class="zhuanming">摩伽陁</span>五百里，無霜雪。人好習藝，敬外道，<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>生處。</span> <span>其王名<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#913" id="904">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛滅後四百年。</span> <span>霸而有禮，博而能信，師謨<span class="zhuanming">脅羅漢</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#914" id="905">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">付法藏</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">波奢比丘</span>曾生不卧，脅不著席，時人號<span class="zhuanming">脅尊者</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【博】廣大通也。【謨】莫胡切，法規也，訓也。【脇】虚業切，肋也。</span> <span>詮煉諸部，品格同異，撰<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#915" id="906">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二百卷。</span> <span>雖有國有君，無時無僧，居信而行信，是謂不佞。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">口才曰佞。爲國之君，居忠信而行敬信，是謂不諂佞也。王初不信罪福，因獵，見二牧童立窣堵波。問之，云：佛記當有王於此收吾舍利，大王宿殖已符。遂信心深敬佛法也<a class="zhuhao" href="#916" id="907">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【居】守也。</span> <span>緇素用之，大業昭服<a class="zhuhao" href="#917" id="908">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西國之人，僧俗皆學此論也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【服】事也，行也。</span> <span>近世<span class="zhuanming">戒日王</span>斯亞矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#918" id="909">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">戒日王</span>即<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>初時<span class="zhuanming">磨竭陁國</span>王也。亞，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00162','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P162</span></i>次也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#901" id="910">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">申毒</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">賢豆</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之古稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#902" id="911">〔二〕</a>豆：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「亘」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#903" id="912">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">健陀羅</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>國名，又作「<span class="zhuanming">犍馱邏</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">乾陀衛</span>」等，意譯「持地」﹑「香行」﹑「香遍」等。在今<span class="zhuanming">阿富汗</span><span class="zhuanming">喀布爾河</span>下游流域。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">健馱邏國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span>，東西千餘里，南北八百餘里，東臨<span class="zhuanming">信度河</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#904" id="913">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦</span>：又譯作「<span class="zhuanming">割尼尸割</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">膩迦</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">葛諾歌</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">貴霜王朝</span>第三代國王。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#905" id="914">〔五〕</a>師謨：師法。　<span class="zhuanming">脅羅漢</span>：<span class="zhuanming">波奢比丘</span>，又作「<span class="zhuanming">波奢</span>」，<span class="shuming">付法傳</span>中第十祖。是佛典第四次結集之主要發起者。其所以稱<span class="zhuanming">脅</span>者，<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">健馱邏國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">波栗濕縛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">脅</span>。………初尊者之爲梵志師也。年垂八十，捨家染衣，城中少年便誚之曰：愚夫朽老，一何淺智。夫出家者，有二業焉：一則習定，二乃誦經。而今衰耄，無所進取，濫跡清流，徒知飽食。時<span class="zhuanming">脅尊者</span>聞諸譏議，因謝時人而自誓曰：我若不通三藏理，不斷三界欲，得六神通，具八解脱，終不以脅而至於席。自爾之後，唯日不足。經行宴坐，住立思惟。晝則研習理教，夜迺静慮凝神，綿歷三歲，學通三藏，斷三界欲，得三明智，時人敬仰，因號<span class="zhuanming">脅尊者</span>焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#906" id="915">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>：<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論</span>之略名，注釋<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨藏</span>，廣明佛經義理，備列諸種異説。題爲「大毗婆沙」，含有廣説﹑勝説﹑異説三義。<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一：「論中分别義廣，故名廣説；説義勝故，名爲勝説；五百阿羅漢各以異義解釋發智，名爲異説。具此三義，故存<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音。」事見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00163','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P163</span></i>卷三。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#907" id="916">〔七〕</a>窣堵波：佛塔。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一<span class="shuming">呾密國</span>：「窣堵波，即舊所謂浮圖也。又曰鍮婆，又曰塔婆，又曰私鍮簸，又曰藪斗波，皆訛也。」　佛記：佛之懸記（懸記謂預言將來之事）。　宿殖：於前世植積善根。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#908" id="917">〔八〕</a>緇素：僧俗。僧徒衣緇，俗衆服素，故稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#909" id="918">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">戒日王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">羯若鞠闍國</span><span class="zhuanming">曲女城</span>之王，本爲吠奢種，名<span class="zhuanming">曷利沙伐彈那</span>，意譯「喜增」。及兄王爲鄰國之王所殺，嗣兄爲王，號<span class="zhuanming">尸羅阿迭多</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>譯<span class="zhuanming">戒日</span>。立六年，復兄之仇，臣<span class="zhuanming">五印度</span>。於<span class="zhuanming">五印度</span>城邑建立精舍，設飲食醫藥，施諸窮貧而周給之，於聖跡之處並立伽藍。又五歲一設無遮大會，竭府庫而施一切，歲一集諸國沙門，三七日中，以四事供養。見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">羯若鞠闍國</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>世，真源遐擁，靈津綿阻。主與道違，朝不登賢。<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span><span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>，薎遭遇也<a class="zhuhao" href="#927" id="919">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之代，<span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>雖大賢，皆不見用。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【擁】遏塞也，障也。【登】進也。【代】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本代字悮也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">商鞅</span><span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>，肆其酷也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆暴酷之吏也，俱不得其死。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【商鞅】下於兩切。【肆】陳也，恣也，極也，放也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>慎厥艱，故不至也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛教未至者，知其暴<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之艱難也，然感化有時，不可强也。</span> <span>且<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>承<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>弊，馬上以取天下<a class="zhuhao" href="#928" id="920">〔二〕</a>。藉英雄之力，乃成帝業。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢高祖</span>仗三尺劒而取天下也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【承】次也。【弊】困也。【藉】慈夜切，假託也。</span> <span>故使論功之際，皆拔劒偶語，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>患之<a class="zhuhao" href="#929" id="921">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>五年，會<span class="zhuanming">垓</span>之後將封功，而諸將競拔劒偶語。<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>以<span class="zhuanming">雍齒</span>曾射<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>，有讎，乃先封之。諸將知有望，乃定矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00164','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P164</span></i>【偶】相對私語也。</span> <span>是以<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>徵<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>諸生，脩朝會之禮。瞻皇帝輦轝，百官莫不震恐<a class="zhuhao" href="#930" id="922">〔四〕</a>。式遏當時之弊，以尊萬乘威儀<a class="zhuhao" href="#931" id="923">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃尊天子而抑諸侯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輦】力展切，步車。【轝】音余，車轝也。【式遏】用止也。【弊】惡也。</span> <span>故太皇反拜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>父也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【反拜】應云却行。</span> <span>家令受賜。自稱霸業，貽厥孫謀<a class="zhuhao" href="#932" id="924">〔六〕</a>。皇王之風，崇師降禮，未有聞也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此<span class="zhuanming">前漢</span><span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>等徵<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>禮，而未見尊師重道，降禮自卑之事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貽】遺也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>問道於<span class="zhuanming">廣成</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#933" id="925">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>問道於<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">唐堯</span>順風於<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#934" id="926">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>王禮<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>先生，並出<span class="shuming">南華真經</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【具茨】山名，在<span class="zhuanming">陽翟</span>，<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>所隱處也。</span> <span>豈非至尊之事歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【豈】何也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#919" id="927">〔一〕</a>真源：本源。　遐擁：遮蔽。　靈津：指天河。　綿：久遠。　薎：同「蔑」，無，没有。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#920" id="928">〔二〕</a>馬上以取天下：指武功建國。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">酈生陸賈列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陸生</span>時時前説稱<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">書</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>駡之曰：『迺公居馬上而得之，安事<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">書</span>！』<span class="zhuanming">陸生</span>曰：『居馬上得之，寧可以馬上治之乎？且<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武</span>逆取而以順守之，文武並用，長久之術也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#921" id="929">〔三〕</a>偶語：相聚非議或竊竊私議。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">高祖本紀</span>：「父老苦<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>苛法久矣，誹謗者族，偶語者棄市。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#922" id="930">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">劉敬叔孫通列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>五年，已并天下，諸侯共尊<span class="zhuanming">漢王</span>爲皇帝於<span class="zhuanming">定陶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>就其儀號。<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>悉去<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>苛儀法，爲簡易。群臣飲酒争功，醉或妄呼，拔劍擊柱，<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>患之。<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>知上益厭之也，説上曰：『夫儒者難與進取，可與守成。臣願徵<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>諸生，與臣弟子共起朝儀。』<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>曰：『得無難乎？』<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>異樂，<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>不同禮。禮者，因時世人情爲之節文者也。故<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之禮所因損益<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00165','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P165</span></i>可知者，謂不相復也。臣願頗采古禮與<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>儀雜就之。』上曰：『可試爲之，令易知，度吾所能行爲之。』於是<span class="zhuanming">叔孫通</span>使徵<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>諸生三十餘人。……<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>七年，<span class="zhuanming">長樂宫</span>成，諸侯群臣皆朝十月。儀：先平明，謁者治禮，引以次入殿門，廷中陳車騎步卒衛宫，設兵張旗志。傳言『趨』。殿下郎中俠陛，陛數百人。功臣列侯諸將軍軍吏以次陳西方，東鄉；文官丞相以下陳東方，西鄉。大行設九賓，臚傳。於是皇帝輦出房，百官執職傳警，引諸侯王以下至吏六百石以次奉賀。自諸侯王以下莫不振恐肅敬。至禮畢，復置法酒。諸侍坐殿上皆伏抑首，以尊卑次起上壽。觴九行，謁者言『罷酒』。御史執法舉不如儀者輒引去。竟朝置酒，無敢讙譁失禮者。於是<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>曰：『吾迺今日知爲皇帝之貴也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#923" id="931">〔五〕</a>萬乘：指天子。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>制，天子地方千里，出兵車萬乘。諸侯地方百里，出兵車千乘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#924" id="932">〔六〕</a>孫謀：順應天下的謀略。孫，通「遜」。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">文王有聲</span>：「詒厥孫謀，以燕翼子。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「孫，順也……傳其所以順天下之謀，以安其敬事之子孫。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#925" id="933">〔七〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">在宥</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>立爲天子十九年，令行天下，聞<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>在於<span class="zhuanming">空同</span>之山，故往見之，曰：『我聞吾子達於至道，敢問至道之精。吾欲取天地之精，以佐五穀，以養民人，吾又欲官陰陽，以遂群生，爲之奈何？』<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>曰：『而所欲問者，物之質也；而所欲官者，物之殘也。自而治天下，雲氣不待族而雨，草木不待黄而落，日月之光益以荒矣，而佞人之心翦翦者，又奚足以語至道！』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>退，捐天下，築特室，席白茅，閒居三月，復往邀之。<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>南首而卧，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>順下風膝行而進，再拜稽首而問曰：『吾聞子達於至道，敢問，治身奈何而可以長久？』<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>蹶然而起，曰：『善哉問乎！來！吾語女至道。至道之精，窈窈冥冥；至道之極，昏昏默默。無視無聽，抱神以静，形將自正。心静<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00166','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P166</span></i>必清，無勞女形，無摇女精，乃可以長生。目無所見，耳無所聞，心無所知，女神將守形，形乃長生。慎女内，閉女外，多知爲敗。我爲女遂於大明之上矣，至彼至陽之原也；爲女入於窈冥之門矣，至彼至陰之原也。天地有官，陰陽有藏，慎守女身，物將自壯。我守其一以處其和，故我修身千二百歲矣，吾形未常衰。』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>再拜稽首曰：『<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>之謂天矣！』<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>曰：『來！余語女。彼其物無窮，而人皆以爲有終；彼其物無測，而人皆以爲有極。得吾道者，上爲皇而下爲王；失吾道者，上見光而下爲土。今夫百昌皆生於土而反於土，故余將去女，入無窮之門，以遊無極之野。吾與日月參光，吾與天地爲常。當我，緡乎！遠我，昏乎！人其盡死，而我獨存乎！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#926" id="934">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">徐無鬼</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>將見<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>乎<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>之山，<span class="zhuanming">方明</span>爲御，<span class="zhuanming">昌寓</span>驂乘，<span class="zhuanming">張若</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謵朋</span>前馬，<span class="zhuanming">昆閽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">滑稽</span>後車；至於<span class="zhuanming">襄城</span>之野，七聖皆迷，無所問塗。適遇牧馬童子，問塗焉，曰：『若知<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>之山乎？』曰：『然。』『若知<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>之所存乎？』曰：『然。』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>曰：『異哉小童！非徒知<span class="zhuanming">具茨</span>之山，又知<span class="zhuanming">大隗</span>之所存。請問爲天下。』小童曰：『夫爲天下者，亦若此而已矣，又奚事焉！予少而自遊於六合之内，予適有瞀病，有長者教予曰：「若乘日之車而遊於<span class="zhuanming">襄城</span>之野。」今予病少痊，予又且復遊於六合之外。夫爲天下亦若此而已。予又奚事焉！』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>曰：『夫爲天行者，則誠非吾子之事。雖然，請問爲天下。』小童辭。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>又問。小童曰：『夫爲天下者，亦奚以異乎牧馬者哉！亦去其害馬者而已矣。』<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>再拜稽首，稱天師而退。」</span> </p><p> <span>洎<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>室中興，帝<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>丕顯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>第二主<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>名<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>。丕顯，明也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【丕】大也。【第二主】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本云第三主者，非。</span> <span>賓于大鴻臚，司於大宗伯<a class="zhuhao" href="#940" id="935">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自西國<span class="zhuanming">摩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>等所來，或安鴻臚寺，或宗伯主<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00167','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P167</span></i>之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【司於大宗伯】司，主也。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>大宗伯主朝覲之禮也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安清</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">月氏國</span>優婆塞<a class="zhuhao" href="#941" id="936">〔二〕</a>，字<span class="zhuanming">恭明</span>。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>末遊<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，授業於<span class="zhuanming">支亮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>授於<span class="zhuanming">支讖</span>，世称「天下博知，不出三<span class="zhuanming">支</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">安清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">世高</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安息國</span>王子，讓位出家，<span class="zhuanming">漢桓</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>元年至此也。</span> <span>德重緇倫，而未爲王侯所師友也。雖<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>王脩仁聖之祠，<span class="zhuanming">孝桓</span>興華蓋之祭<a class="zhuhao" href="#942" id="937">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>諸王。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【華蓋】上呼瓜切，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>以花裝蓋，故云華蓋。又，户瓜切。<span class="zhuanming">崔豹</span><span class="shuming">古今注</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>與<span class="zhuanming">蚩尤</span>戰，常有五色氣雲﹑金枝玉葉在帝上，下垂有花的之象，故曰華蓋才也<a class="zhuhao" href="#943" id="938">〔四〕</a>。【皆漢諸王】<span class="zhuanming">楚王英</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>宗室也。<span class="zhuanming">孝桓</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>第十王者。注少悮。</span> <span>亦但神佛而已矣，未求仁祠華蓋之人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#944" id="939">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但嚴其器也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#935" id="940">〔一〕</a>大宗伯：<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">大宗伯</span>：「大宗伯之職，掌建邦之天神﹑人鬼﹑地祇之禮，以佐王建保邦國。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#936" id="941">〔二〕</a>優婆塞：意譯「近事男」，爲受五戒的在家男子。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷八：「歸依於佛者，真名優婆塞。」<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九<span class="shuming">摩揭陁國下</span>：「鄔波索迦，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言近事男。舊曰伊蒲塞，又曰優波塞，皆訛也。」<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>受業於<span class="zhuanming">支讖</span>門人<span class="zhuanming">支亮</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#937" id="942">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四二<span class="shuming">楚王英</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">楚王英</span>）晚節更喜<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>，學爲<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>，齋戒祭祀。」又卷七<span class="shuming">孝桓帝紀</span>：「前史稱<span class="zhuanming">桓帝</span>好音樂，善琴笙。飾<span class="zhuanming">芳林</span>而考<span class="zhuanming">濯龍</span>之宫，設華蓋以祠<span class="zhuanming">浮圖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>，斯將所謂『聽於神』乎！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#938" id="943">〔四〕</a>的：當爲「葩」字之誤。才：疑爲衍文。<span class="zhuanming">崔豹</span><span class="shuming">古今注</span><span class="shuming">輿服</span>：「華蓋，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>所作也，與<span class="zhuanming">蚩尤</span>戰於<span class="zhuanming">涿鹿</span>之野，常有五色雲氣，金枝玉葉，止於帝上，有花葩之象，故因而作華蓋也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#939" id="944">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">弘明集後序</span>：「逮<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>感夢，而<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>稱佛。於是<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>東使，而<span class="zhuanming">攝騰</span>西至。乃圖像於<span class="zhuanming">關陽</span>之觀，藏經<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00168','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P168</span></i>於<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>臺之室，不講深文，故莫識奥義。是以<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>修仁潔之祠，<span class="zhuanming">孝桓</span>建華蓋之祭，法相未融，唯神之而已。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>因<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>禮，徵用奇尚，但以勤王鼎峙之憂，何仁祠之於我克暇耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#947" id="945">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟德</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>相。以<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>室微弱，挾天子令諸侯而謀分霸，不暇崇顯吾教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【因】仍也，沿也。【尚】高尚也。凡天子之物，皆曰尚，如尚藥食也。【鼎峙】峙，立也。如鼎之三足，勢相等也。【挾】持也。</span> <span>然雖不能弘贊其風，而亦終不蔽其道也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦有<span class="zhuanming">康僧鎧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇諦</span>等三藏至而翻譯也<a class="zhuhao" href="#948" id="946">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蔽】障也，隱也。【顗】魚豈切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#945" id="947">〔一〕</a>徵用奇尚：按：<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span><span class="shuming">求賢令</span>曰：「今天下尚未定，此特求賢之急時也。<span class="zhuanming">孟公綽</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>老則優，不可以爲<span class="zhuanming">滕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>大夫。若必廉士而後可用，則<span class="zhuanming">齊桓</span>其何以霸世？今天下得無有被褐懷玉而釣于<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>濱者乎？又得無有盜嫂受金而未遇<span class="zhuanming">無知</span>者乎？二三子其佐我明揚仄陋，唯才是舉，吾得而用之。」　勤王：天子有難而各路軍馬起兵救援。　鼎峙：鼎立，三國並峙。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#946" id="948">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">康僧鎧</span>：原誤作「康僧顗」，音譯<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋摩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span><span class="zhuanming">嘉平</span>四年（二五二）至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">曇諦</span>：又稱<span class="zhuanming">支曇諦</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">康</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">三國</span>初，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人未甚信，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>始造於<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#953" id="949">〔一〕</a>，締構行道，<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">字<span class="zhuanming">仲謀</span>，都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【甚】太過也。【造】音操，至也。【締】音帝，結也。【構】架也，蓋也。</span> <span>以爲誣矯異俗，攝<span class="zhuanming">會</span>讓曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">攝，迫也。讓，責也。逼沙門而責之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誣】調也，欺也。</span> <span>「佛有何靈，爾獨改形？」<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00169','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P169</span></i><span class="zhuanming">會</span>曰：「佛身雖滅，遺骨舍利應現無方。外國先王建八萬四千塔，表遺化也<a class="zhuhao" href="#954" id="950">〔二〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">權</span>謂紿己，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">紿，音迨，欺言也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【紿】欺詐也。</span> <span>俾期舍利，嚴憲緩罰。至三七日，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>徒將死，舍利乃降，鎗然盤中<a class="zhuhao" href="#955" id="951">〔三〕</a>，上燭虹霓。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緩罰】且級其罪。【降】下也。【鎗】楚庚切，鎗，鏘，金聲也。【燭】照也。【虹霓】螮蝀也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之君臣相顧乃悦曰：「至哉奇瑞也！」始立<span class="zhuanming">建初寺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#956" id="952">〔四〕</a>，呼其地爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陁里</span>也。是歲<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年，去<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>凡一百七十餘年矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年甲子至<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年辛酉，得一百七十八年矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【赤烏四年】<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">三寶録</span>皆云<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>十年。【甲子】應云<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年丁卯至<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>十年丁卯，得一百八十一年。古本云：亦<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#949" id="953">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#950" id="954">〔二〕</a>應現：佛﹑菩薩應機緣而示現。<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>卷二：「佛真法身，猶如虚空，應物現形，如水中月。」　遺化：留下的教化。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#951" id="955">〔三〕</a>鎗然：金屬器物撞擊後發出的響亮﹑清脆的聲音。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#952" id="956">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">建初寺</span>：位於<span class="zhuanming">建鄴</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>最早建立的寺院。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>一千，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人知法將無晚歟？<span class="zhuanming">孫皓</span>狂虐不道，國將病矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【病】患也。</span> <span>初，廢毁淫祠，延及寺宇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淫祀】不在祀典名淫祀。【延】遠也，進也。</span> <span>群臣議曰：「佛之威力，不並餘神。<span class="zhuanming">僧會</span>感靈，太皇創寺。今若輕廢，恐貽後悔。」<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>意未謂之然，使<span class="zhuanming">張昱</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00170','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P170</span></i>至寺詰<span class="zhuanming">會</span>。<span class="zhuanming">會</span>才辯奇拔，<span class="zhuanming">昱</span>不能加，乃復于<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【創】初亮切，初也，造法創業也。【悔】上聲。【詰】溪吉切，治也，譴也，問罪也。【拔】去也。【加】上也，陵也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">皓</span>大集公卿洎庶寮，徵<span class="zhuanming">會</span>以車馬。既至，<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>强詞昧理，取<span class="zhuanming">會</span>不及己。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">皓</span>問<span class="zhuanming">會</span>曰：「佛教所明善惡報應，何者是乎？」<span class="zhuanming">會</span>曰：「夫明主孝慈訓世，則赤烏翔，老人星現<a class="zhuhao" href="#961" id="957">〔一〕</a>。仁德及物，則醴泉湧，嘉苗出。善既有徵，惡亦可驗。爲惡於隱，鬼得而誅之。爲惡於顯，人得而誅之。」王曰：「若然，<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>已明。」<span class="zhuanming">會</span>云：「佛教廣也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【公】父也，正也，三公論道。【卿】九卿，謂太宰﹑光禄衛尉等。【庶寮】衆官也。【徵】問也。【昧】暗短也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">會</span>酬抗盡典謨之體，推引叶忠良之議。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>然知其不可屈，乃革容而敬焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#962" id="958">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抗】對也。【典謨】<span class="shuming">尚書</span>十例，一典二謨。【然】如是也，或剩。</span> <span>故治國者，惟聖賢與君子。如<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>之器識，末哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【末】小也。</span> <span>安得不爲亡國之主乎？向非<span class="zhuanming">會</span>以道義誘掖，蓋肆惡不知紀極，蕭牆之釁，朱殷紫闥，豈獲厚辱於<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#963" id="959">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">皓</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">宗元</span>。<span class="zhuanming">和</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">權</span>之孫也。初封<span class="zhuanming">烏程侯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">張布</span>等立之。後威虐無度，爲征南將軍<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>等收之。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>面縛降<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，入<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，封<span class="zhuanming">歸命侯</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">太康</span>元年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【掖】手持人也。【蕭牆】上肅也，臣至君屏必加敬，故曰蕭牆。蕭者，屏也。【釁】許覲切，禍也，罪也。【殷】烏閑切，赤色也。【紫闥】紫，禁也；下他曷切，門内也。【皓字宗元】應云<span class="zhuanming">元宗</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">會</span>以<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>始而來至，<span class="zhuanming">天紀</span>末，<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>降，不臘而終<a class="zhuhao" href="#964" id="960">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>四年辛酉到<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">天紀</span>四年庚子<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>降，得三十九年也。至冬，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>卒於<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>。</span> <span>始與國隆，終與國殲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殲，滅也。</span> <span>邦人之慕<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>，曷愈乎慕<span class="zhuanming">會</span>也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">曷，何也。愈，勝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00171','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P171</span></i>【殲】音尖，盡也，滅也。【邦】國也。【慕】思也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#957" id="961">〔一〕</a>赤烏：傳説中的瑞鳥。　老人星：壽星。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#958" id="962">〔二〕</a>酬抗：酬對，答對。　典謨：經典，法言。　叶：合。　然：乃，然後。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">伍子胥變文</span>：「先斬一身，然誅九族。」<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">漢將王陵變</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>將見<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>將走過，然知是斫營<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>將。」　革容：改變表情。按：以上<span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>事，俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">康僧會傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#959" id="963">〔三〕</a>器識：器量與見識。　誘掖：引導扶持。　肆惡：恣意作惡。　紀極：終極，限度。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「聚斂積實，不知紀極。」　蕭牆：面對國君宫門的小牆。比喻内部。　釁：嫌隙，争端。　朱殷：赤黑色。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">張侯</span>曰：『自始合，而矢貫余手及肘，余折以御，左輪朱殷，豈敢言病。吾子忍之。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「朱，血色，血色久則殷。」殷，赤黑色。　紫闥：指宫廷。闥，宫中小門。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五二<span class="shuming">崔駰傳</span>：「不以此時攀臺階，窺紫闥，據高軒，望朱閣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#960" id="964">〔四〕</a>臘：臘祭。冬至後第三個戌日祭祀衆神。</span> </p><p> <span>土德既微，鼎遷于<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#973" id="965">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>以土德而應曆數也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鼎遷】國命移於後曰運鼎遷也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">惠皇</span>失馭，天下崩裂<a class="zhuhao" href="#974" id="966">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">惠皇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>子，名<span class="zhuanming">衷</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">正度</span>。立而無智，朝政不治。至<span class="zhuanming">永康</span>年後，所在分立爲一十六國。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【馭】牛據切，使馬也。古者天子以内史爲左右手，以德法爲㘅勒，以百官爲轡，以刑罰爲策，以萬民爲馬，故馭天下數百年不失也。【崩】壞也。【裂】分剖也。【一十六國】五<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>﹑四<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>﹑三<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑二<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑一<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑一<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">前趙</span>起於<span class="zhuanming">離石</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉元海</span>，<span class="zhuanming">新興</span><span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span><span class="zhuanming">冒頓</span>之後。<span class="zhuanming">漢高祖</span>以宗女妻之，<span class="zhuanming">冒頓</span>約爲兄弟，遂姓<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>焉。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00172','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P172</span></i><span class="zhuanming">元海</span>猿臂善射，<span class="zhuanming">成都王</span><span class="zhuanming">穎</span>表之爲寧朔將軍，<span class="zhuanming">尤<a class="zhuhao" href="#975" id="967">〔三〕</a>國城</span>二旬，衆已五萬，遂僭即帝位，命子<span class="zhuanming">聰</span>寇<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="zhuanming">劉曜</span>後遷<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>所殺。共四主，二十六年<a class="zhuhao" href="#976" id="968">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離石】今<span class="zhuanming">石州</span>，屬<span class="zhuanming">太原</span>。【新興】<span class="zhuanming">新興郡</span>五縣，<span class="zhuanming">九原</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">定襄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雲中</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">廣牧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉昌</span>也。【冒】莫北切。【江州】在<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>也。此時未詳其亂。【左國城】<span class="zhuanming">離石</span>有<span class="zhuanming">左國城</span>。古本云在，<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云無，<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本云尤，皆悮。【僭帝位】應云僭<span class="zhuanming">趙天王</span>位。子<span class="zhuanming">聦</span>僭即帝位。【四主】<span class="zhuanming">劉淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉和</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉聦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉曜</span>。起<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">永興</span>元年，至<span class="zhuanming">成武</span>年<span class="zhuanming">咸和</span>四年滅也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">後趙</span>興於<span class="zhuanming">葛陂</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">上黨</span><span class="zhuanming">羯</span>人也。起<span class="zhuanming">襄國</span>，擒<span class="zhuanming">王浚</span>，降<span class="zhuanming">劉琨</span>，遂即帝位。六主，四十四年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羯】胡也。【葛陂】今<span class="zhuanming">蔡州</span><span class="zhuanming">葛陂</span>也，得<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>勸，<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>皈<span class="zhuanming">河</span>北，遂乃大王。【襄國】<span class="zhuanming">冀州</span>也。【浚】私潤切。【六主】<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石弘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石季龍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石世</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石遵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">石鑒</span>。起<span class="zhuanming">元帝</span><span class="zhuanming">太興</span>二年，都三十四年滅也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span><span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>，兵强且衆。抗暴爲德，其斬刈如草木焉，沙門遇害者甚衆。<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>吊之曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#977" id="969">〔五〕</a>：「彼人之何罪而性命不保？」算因<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>將<span class="zhuanming">郭黑略</span>顯其神異，資其戎計，必獲申於<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【郭黑略】諸本皆云<span class="zhuanming">郭景</span>。</span> <span>他日，<span class="zhuanming">略</span>戰捷，遇<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>，賜顔色果，以<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>事啓之。<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>喜而召問，<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>知<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>不達玄理，對言：「至道雖遠，亦可近驗。」迺以鉢盛水，燒香祝之。須臾，生青蓮華<a class="zhuhao" href="#978" id="970">〔六〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>重其神聖，稽首下風，虚心納諫。仁惻塗炭，念慮不思<a class="zhuhao" href="#979" id="971">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>初與<span class="zhuanming">王陽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支雄</span>爲群盜，多行殺戮。又<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">季龍</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>之從子，武勇。抗所<a class="zhuhao" href="#980" id="972">〔八〕</a>士女，少有遺類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捷】疾業切，獲也，克也，勝也。【驗】證也。【稽首】<span class="zhuanming">周</span>禮，九拜之一也。【惻】愴也。</span> <span>胡<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>之人應被誅夷者，十九而生矣，真可謂探人命於虎口者也。是知脩短在聖而不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00173','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P173</span></i>在司命。司命能司之，何能脩短之？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以聖人作法而延救之，非司命之所能也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【應】當也。【誅】罪及餘曰誅，如誅樹則枝葉盡落也。【夷】滅也，平也。【探】平﹑去二音，手取物也。【脩】長也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#965" id="973">〔一〕</a>鼎遷：易代。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷九九<span class="shuming">桓玄傳贊</span>：「肆逆遷鼎，憑威縱慝；違天虐人，覆宗殄國。」古人以五行相生相克附會王朝命運。<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>以土德承<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>以金德繼<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#966" id="974">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">惠皇</span>：<span class="zhuanming">晉惠帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬衷</span>，公元二九○——三○六年在位，<span class="zhuanming">晉武帝</span>第二子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#967" id="975">〔三〕</a>尤：當爲「左」之誤，參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#968" id="976">〔四〕</a>按：參<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一○一<span class="shuming">劉元海傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#969" id="977">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，本姓<span class="zhuanming">帛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉懷帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>四年（三一○）來<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#970" id="978">〔六〕</a>青蓮華：青色的蓮華。其葉修廣，青白分明。在佛經中，常用以譬佛之眼。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#971" id="979">〔七〕</a>稽首：一種跪拜禮。叩頭至地，是九拜中最恭敬者。　下風：比喻處於下位，卑位。　仁惻：仁愛憐憫。　塗炭：爛泥和炭火，比喻極困苦的境遇。　念慮：思慮。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">説山訓</span>：「念慮者不得卧。止念慮，則有爲其所止矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#972" id="980">〔八〕</a>抗所：當爲「坑斬」之形誤。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一○六<span class="shuming">石季龍載記上</span>：「至於降城陷壘，不復斷别善惡，坑斬士女，尟有遺類。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">澄</span>聽鈴聲，兼觀油掌，寄聰明於耳目，而實虚照在心，所言無不符驗矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>每知<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>之將敗，假以油塗掌而現光。又<span class="zhuanming">郭景略</span>因以視之，假以鈴声。及念於般若波羅蜜也，而告之然，深察在心，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00174','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P174</span></i>假外事令生信，所告必符矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寄】托也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>襲僞號。將謹慢俗，聖敬日躋<a class="zhuhao" href="#983" id="981">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謹，嚴也。<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>既繼位，欲嚴謹於慢侮之俗，因自加勤敬於<span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【襲】因也，及也。【將】大也。</span> <span>下書曰：「和尚，國之大寶。榮爵不加，高禄不受。爵禄匪尚，何以旌德？從此已往，宜衣以綾錦，乘以雕輦。朝會之日，和尚昇殿，常侍已下悉舉轝，太子諸公扶翼而上，主者唱大和尚，衆坐皆起，以彰其尊。」又敕司空<span class="zhuanming">李農</span>：「旦夕親問。太子諸王，五日一朝，表朕敬焉。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爵】封也。【加】上也。【禄】俸也，善福禄也。【旌】立旌表德也。【衣】於既切，著也。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：衣夫錦，食夫稻也<a class="zhuhao" href="#984" id="982">〔二〕</a>。【乘】音繩，駕也，登也。【雕】琢也，鏤也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#981" id="983">〔一〕</a>躋：登上。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷二下：「躋，登也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#982" id="984">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「食夫稻，衣夫錦，於女安乎？」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>師出<span class="zhuanming">淮</span><span class="zhuanming">淝</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">淮水</span>出<span class="zhuanming">桐柏山</span>。<span class="zhuanming">淝水</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">廬江</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【師】兵衆曰師。【淮淝】<span class="zhuanming">淮陰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚州</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">合淝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">廬州</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>軍出此也。【都洛陽】<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>都<span class="zhuanming">鄴郡</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">虎</span>竊怒曰：「吾心奉佛，更致外寇，佛無神矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【竊】私也。【寇】暴賊也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">澄</span>知之，夜過詣<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>曰：「王過去爲大商主，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>寺中常供養。大會中有六十羅漢。吾此微身，亦預斯會。時有得道者謂余曰：『此主人命盡，當更雞身，後王<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>地。』今主爲王，豈非福耶？壃埸軍寇，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">壃埸，邊地也。</span> <span>國之常事耳。何爲怨謗三寶<a class="zhuhao" href="#988" id="985">〔一〕</a>，夜興毒念乎？」<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>驚赫而謝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詣】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00175','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P175</span></i>留也，至也。【預】安也，厠也。【謂】告也，報也。【更】改也。【王】去也。【疆埸】疆界也。埸，羊益切，畔也。【怨】恚也。【赧】奴版切，面赤而愧也。【謝】辭遜也。</span> <span>嘗一日與<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>坐，忽而作</span> <span class="font12 zhu">作，起也。</span> <span>曰：「變，<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span>災<a class="zhuhao" href="#989" id="986">〔二〕</a>。」遽命酒遥灑之。<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>遣驗<a class="zhuhao" href="#990" id="987">〔三〕</a>，其日火從四門起，黑雲從西南來，遇驟雨滅之。雨頗有酒氣也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遽】急也。【灑】所蟹切，手散水也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#985" id="988">〔一〕</a>怨謗：怨恨非議。<span class="shuming">墨子</span><span class="shuming">尚賢中</span>：「是以美善在上，而所怨謗在下。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#986" id="989">〔二〕</a>按：此句<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九作「變，變，<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span>當火災」。變者，奇怪也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#987" id="990">〔三〕</a>遣驗：派人驗證。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">澄</span>將終，謂<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>曰：「出入生死，道之常也。脩短分定<a class="zhuhao" href="#1002" id="991">〔一〕</a>，非所能延。夫<a class="zhuhao" href="#1003" id="992">〔二〕</a>道重行全<a class="zhuhao" href="#1004" id="993">〔三〕</a>，德重無怠。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道德不可以缺怠而獲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【非能延】應云非󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1005" id="994">〔四〕</a>能延。【夫道重】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本是天字，彼云非能延天，非也。古本云非能延夭，亦非。夫字屬下。【重】上呼。</span> <span>苟業操無虧，雖亡若存。違而獲延，非其所願。念<a class="zhuhao" href="#1006" id="995">〔五〕</a>意未盡者，以國家心存佛理，奉法無差。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【差】别也，殊也。音叉。</span> <span>興起寺廟，崇顯壯麗，稱斯懷也，宜享休祉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1007" id="996">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【稱】遂心也，去呼。【享】臨也，向也，奉也。【休祉】美福也。</span> <span>而布政猛烈，淫刑酷濫，顯違聖典，幽背法戒，不自懲革，終無福祐。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">懲，戒也。革，改也。雖建寺廟，嚴奉佛法，若刑法酷濫，終無益也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淫】亂也。【懲】戒也。</span> <span>若降心易慮，惠此下人，則國祚延長，道俗慶賴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1008" id="997">〔七〕</a>。畢命就盡，殁無遺<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00176','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P176</span></i>恨。」君子以<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>言實社禝之忠也，普門之慈也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1009" id="998">〔八〕</a>，有國者何莫志之？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子者，當時君子也，或實言以褒德。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【賴】恃也。【莫】不也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「人之云亡，邦國殄瘁。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">瞻仰</span>之章也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1010" id="999">〔九〕</a>。殄，滅也。瘁，病也。言君不善朝廷，賢人奔亡，則天下邦國將盡病矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瘁】疾醉切，困病也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>亡，彼群胡屍於<span class="zhuanming">冉閔</span>矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">世説</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>亡，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>開棺無屍，唯袈裟在。<span class="zhuanming">冉閔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>養孫，謀勇絶倫，殺<span class="zhuanming">石鑑</span>而自立。旌旗鍾鼓，綿亘百里，唯事殺戮，爲<span class="zhuanming">慕容恪</span>擒而殺之，左右七里，草木悉枯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【冉閔】殺<span class="zhuanming">石鑒</span>自立，號<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，改元<span class="zhuanming">永興</span>。立二年，爲<span class="zhuanming">慕容恪</span>滅也。【石虎養子】應云養孫。<span class="zhuanming">冉閔</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>養孫也。父<span class="zhuanming">瞻</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">冉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>破<span class="zhuanming">陳午</span>獲<span class="zhuanming">瞻</span>，命<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>子養之。<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>幼而果鋭，<span class="zhuanming">石季龍</span>撫之如孫。身長八尺，善謀軍，勇力絶敵。<span class="zhuanming">永和</span>六年殺<span class="zhuanming">石鑒</span>，誅<span class="zhuanming">季龍</span>孫三十八人，子五人。<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>僭皇帝位，國號<span class="zhuanming">大魏</span>，復姓<span class="zhuanming">冉氏</span>也。</span> <span>夫有奇質，必有奇智。有奇智，則必有奇行。有奇行，必有奇言，言則乃經。古者鱗膚﹑牛首﹑虎鼻﹑鳥喙，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>龍鱗，<span class="zhuanming">大準</span>隆鼻，<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>牛首，<span class="zhuanming">女蝸</span>蛇身，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>龍顔，<span class="zhuanming">帝嚳</span>駢齒，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>眉八彩，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>目重瞳，<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>鳥喙，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>目羊，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>背僂也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喙】詡穢切，口也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：深目而假喙。又喙長三尺是也。【駢】部田切，並駕三馬，相次差降曰駢，齒亦如是。【僂】音縷，疾也，或是傴，於武切，<span class="zhuanming">荀卿</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>傴背不伸也。</span> <span>皆禀不測之靈氣，藴不窮之聖德。而<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>左乳傍有穴，圍四五寸，徹於腹内，時有光從中出，以纊塞之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">纊，綿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禀】受也。【徹】丑列切，達也。【纊】音曠，綿也。</span> <span>夜或抽纊，則洞照一室。齊日至水滸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1011" id="1000">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">滸，水涯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洞】明也。【齊】莊也。【滸】音虎，水岸也。</span> <span>引<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00177','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P177</span></i>腸而洗之。此實至奇之表也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1012" id="1001">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並出古<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#991" id="1002">〔一〕</a>分定：命定。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">盡心下</span>：「君子所性，雖大行不加焉，雖窮居不損焉，分定故也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#992" id="1003">〔二〕</a>夫：原作「天」。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>無，<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>作「夫」。參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#993" id="1004">〔三〕</a>行全：品行完美。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">堯問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孫卿</span>迫於亂世，鰌於嚴刑，上無賢主，下遇暴<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，禮義不行，教化不成，仁者絀約，天下冥冥，行全刺之，諸侯大傾。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#994" id="1005">〔四〕</a>按：闕文原爲空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#995" id="1006">〔五〕</a>念：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九作「今」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#996" id="1007">〔六〕</a>休祉：猶福祉。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五九<span class="shuming">汝南王亮傳序</span>：「休祉盛於兩京，鼎祚隆於四百。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#997" id="1008">〔七〕</a>國祚：皇位。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">楚元王傳</span>附<span class="shuming">劉向傳</span>：「陛下爲人子孫，守持宗廟，而令國祚移於外親，降爲皁隸，縱不爲身，奈宗廟何！」　慶賴：慶幸得到依靠。語本<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">吕刑</span>：「一人有慶，兆民賴之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#998" id="1009">〔八〕</a>普門：普攝一切衆生的廣大圓融的法門。<span class="zhuanming">吉藏</span><span class="shuming">法華義疏</span>卷一二：「所言普門者，普以周普爲義，門是開通無滯之名。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#999" id="1010">〔九〕</a>人：指賢人。　云：語助詞。　亡：逃亡。　按：<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">瞻卬</span><span class="zhuanming">毛</span>序：「<span class="shuming">瞻卬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">凡伯</span>刺<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>大壞也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1000" id="1011">〔一○〕</a>齊：齋戒。齋者謂過午不食。佛教戒律上，於食分時與非時，正午以前爲正時，以後爲非時。時者宜食，非時者不宜食。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00178','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P178</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1001" id="1012">〔一一〕</a>按：以上<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>事，俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">佛圖澄傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>之亂，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>室東遷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>自<span class="zhuanming">惠帝</span>即位，朝綱紊亂，骨肉相殘。<span class="zhuanming">趙王倫</span><span class="zhuanming">永康</span>初亂，至<span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">江都</span>等作亂，<span class="zhuanming">前趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後蜀</span>競起。<span class="zhuanming">晉元帝</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">楊州</span>，遂過<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【紊】音問，亂也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">竺法潛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1020" id="1013">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>高僧。姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法深</span>。藴當年之譽。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法琛】琛字悮，是深字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王敦</span>之弟也。先事<span class="zhuanming">忠州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>，崇德務學，譽滿西朝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>早有才能之譽，深爲<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>所重。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忠州】<span class="zhuanming">南賓郡</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">涪州</span>之西也。【西胡】西朝悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明</span>二帝丞相<span class="zhuanming">王茂弘</span>﹑太尉<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1021" id="1014">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">庾亮</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【元明二年】年字悮，是朝字。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">元帝</span>及<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>，此明二朝爲丞相也。【庾】音愈，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>有<span class="zhuanming">長庾大夫</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">回氏</span>焉。</span> <span>皆友而敬焉。<span class="zhuanming">建武</span><span class="zhuanming">太寧</span>中，<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>恒著屐至殿内，時謂方外之士，以德重故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【建武】<span class="zhuanming">元帝</span>年號。【太寧】<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>年號。【屐】音劇，履屬。</span> <span>後隱<span class="zhuanming">剡山</span>，請益者以方等﹑<span class="shuming">老</span><span class="shuming">莊</span>，内外霑洽<a class="zhuhao" href="#1022" id="1015">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以内外經書而教導。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【剡】時染切，縣名，在<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>。【方等】大乘教名。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>徵就御筵開講，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉哀帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>子。名<span class="zhuanming">丕</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">千齡</span>。<span class="zhuanming">穆帝</span>崩，無子而立之。</span> <span>司空<span class="zhuanming">何次道</span>宗以爲師。後啓還<span class="zhuanming">剡山</span>。既卒，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>詔曰：「<span class="zhuanming">潛法師</span>理悟虚遠，風鑒清貴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1023" id="1016">〔四〕</a>。棄宰相之榮，襲染衣之素<a class="zhuhao" href="#1024" id="1017">〔五〕</a>。山居物外，篤勤匪懈<a class="zhuhao" href="#1025" id="1018">〔六〕</a>。方賴宣道，以濟蒼生。奄然遷化，用痛于懷。可賻錢十萬<a class="zhuhao" href="#1026" id="1019">〔七〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">贈死曰賻。<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>名<span class="zhuanming">曜</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">昌明</span>，則<span class="zhuanming">海西王</span>第三子也。<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>輔政，帝幼而聰悟，十歲即位。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【襲】入也。【素】空也。【奄】音掩，忽也，遽也。【賻】音附。【海西王子】注悮，<span class="zhuanming">簡文帝</span>子。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00179','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P179</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1013" id="1020">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">竺法潛</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四：「<span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法深</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瑯琊</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">武昌郡公</span><span class="zhuanming">敦</span>之弟也。年十八出家，事<span class="zhuanming">中州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>爲師。<span class="zhuanming">元真</span>早有才解之譽，故<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>贊曰：『索索虚衿，翳翳閑沖，誰其體之，在我<span class="zhuanming">劉公</span>。談能彫飾，照足開矇，懷抱之内，豁爾每融。』<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>伏膺已後，剪削浮華，崇本務學，微言興化，譽洽西朝，風姿容貌，堂堂如也。至年二十四，講<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大品</span>，既藴深解，復能善説，故觀風味道者，常數盈五百。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>初，避亂過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元皇</span>及<span class="zhuanming">蕭祖</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">王茂弘</span>﹑大尉<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span>，並欽其風德，友而敬焉。<span class="zhuanming">建武</span><span class="zhuanming">太寧</span>中，<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>恒著屐至殿内，時人咸謂方外之士，以德重故也。<span class="zhuanming">中宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蕭祖</span>昇遐，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">庾</span>又薨，乃隱跡<span class="zhuanming">剡山</span>，以避當世，追蹤問道者，已復結旅山門。<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>優游講席三十餘載，或暢方等，或釋<span class="shuming">老</span>﹑<span class="shuming">莊</span>，投身北面者，莫不内外兼洽。至<span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>好重佛法，頻遣兩使慇懃徵請，<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>以詔旨之重，暫遊宫闕，即於御筵開講<span class="shuming">大品</span>，上及朝士並稱善焉。于時<span class="zhuanming">簡文</span>作相，朝野以爲至德，以<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>是道俗標領，又先朝友敬尊重，挹服頂戴兼常，迄乎龍飛，虔禮彌篤。<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>嘗於<span class="zhuanming">簡文</span>處遇<span class="zhuanming">沛國</span><span class="zhuanming">劉惔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">惔</span>嘲之曰：『道士何以遊朱門？』<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>曰：『君自睹其朱門，貧道見爲蓬户。』司空<span class="zhuanming">何次道</span>懿德純素，篤信經典，每加祗崇，遵以師資之敬，數相招請，屢興法祀。<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>雖復從運東西，而素懷不樂，乃啓還<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>之<span class="zhuanming">仰山</span>，遂其先志，於是逍遥林阜，以畢餘年。……以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">寧康</span>二年卒於山館，春秋八十有九。<span class="zhuanming">烈宗</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>詔曰：『<span class="zhuanming">深法師</span>理悟虚遠，風鑒清貞，棄宰相之榮，襲染衣之素。山居人外，篤勤匪懈。方賴宣道，以濟蒼生，奄然遷化，用痛于懷，可賻錢十萬，星馳驛送。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1014" id="1021">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">元</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">晉元帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬睿</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">明</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">晉明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬紹</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1015" id="1022">〔三〕</a>方等：指一切大乘經教。<span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">師患脚付二弟子喻</span>：「方等學者非斥小乘，小乘學者復非方<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00180','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P180</span></i>等，故使大聖法典二途兼亡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1016" id="1023">〔四〕</a>風鑒：風度和鑒識。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五四<span class="shuming">陸機陸雲傳論</span>：「風鑒澄爽，神情俊邁，文藻宏麗，獨步當時。」　清貴：清高可貴。貴，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四作「貞」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1017" id="1024">〔五〕</a>襲：衣上加衣。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">内則</span>：「寒不敢襲，癢不敢搔。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「襲謂重衣。」　染衣：用木蘭等壞色染成的衣，即僧衣。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷七：「<span class="shuming">大論</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子受禁戒是其性，剃髮割截染衣是其相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1018" id="1025">〔六〕</a>物：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四作「人」。　篤勤：極度勤勉。<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇序</span>：「自非至精，不能尋究；自非篤勤，不能悉見也。」　匪解：不懈怠。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">烝民</span>：「夙夜匪解，以事一人。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「匪，非也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「早起夜卧，非有懈倦之時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1019" id="1026">〔七〕</a>遷化：謂死。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">外戚傳上</span><span class="shuming">孝武李夫人</span>：「忽遷化而不反兮，魄放逸以飛揚。」<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">壇經</span>：「大師云此語已，夜至三更，奄然遷化。」　用：表示結果，相當於「因而」﹑「於是」。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「朋淫於家，用殄厥也。」　賻：<span class="shuming">玉篇</span>：「賻，以財助喪也。」按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四此句後還有「星馳驛送」句，於意更爲完整，可據補。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">穆帝</span>世</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉穆皇帝</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">聃</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">彭祖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">康帝</span>子，立年二歲，<span class="zhuanming">褚太后</span>臨朝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1047" id="1027">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【褚】張吕切。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">支道林</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1048" id="1028">〔二〕</a>，緇林之奇茂者也。素風泠然<a class="zhuhao" href="#1049" id="1029">〔三〕</a>，清波繁華。築室林野，隱居求志。道德文章，爲世所仰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仰】舉也，倣也。</span> <span>天子﹑三事﹑庶尹﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三事，三公也。庶尹，衆卿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尹】正也，治也。</span> <span>賢士﹑大夫﹑巖藪﹑知名<a class="zhuhao" href="#1050" id="1030">〔四〕</a>，無不高其英邁<a class="zhuhao" href="#1051" id="1031">〔五〕</a>，欽承道論。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巖藪】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00181','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P181</span></i>巖澤也。無水曰巖，有水曰澤。【英邁】俊遠也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉惔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷浩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓彦表</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王文度</span>，若斯之徒，國華物紀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1052" id="1032">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>公卿貴族之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【劉惔】下徒甘切。恢字悮。</span> <span>咸以八關齋法，山行澤宿，假日盤集<a class="zhuhao" href="#1053" id="1033">〔七〕</a>，滌濯冠帶，供薦香花<a class="zhuhao" href="#1054" id="1034">〔八〕</a>，邕邕穆穆，周旋顧慕<a class="zhuhao" href="#1055" id="1035">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">邕邕穆穆，和樂之皃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暇日】假日悮。【滌】音笛。</span> <span>契賞清奇，爲一世之盛矣。<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>謂人曰：「一往之氣，亦何足信<a class="zhuhao" href="#1056" id="1036">〔一○〕</a>。」既見，方悔前言殆乎耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殆，墯也。或本作「玷」，並通。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殆】淺也，近也。【玷】丁簟切，𨵗也，白珪之玷。</span> <span>夫所以陳有生者，昭其類也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「惟其友之，是以似之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1057" id="1037">〔一一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">常常者華</span>之卒章也。意以其君子有此高尚之風，所得之友皆相似之。與<span class="shuming">詩</span>少别，不以文害意也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【友】上是有字。【棠者華之卒】古本云棠棣者莘，餘本云常者華，皆悮。【興詩】上是與字。</span> <span>是知梟鳳不相群，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">梟，不孝鳥也。食母而飛，冬令捕而磔之於路。字從木，上鳥。鳳，瑞鳥也。雞頭﹑蛇頸﹑燕頷﹑龜背﹑魚尾，五色，高六尺，其雌曰皇。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【梟鳳】<span class="zhuanming">劉孝標</span><span class="shuming">辯命論</span>云：「薰蕕不同臨，梟鳳不接翼。」意同此也。【磔】知革切，裂也，張也。【燕頷】上去呼，玄鳥；下胡感切。</span> <span>豹豕不相侣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">豹，獸，如虎而小。豕，豬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【豹】比教切，山獸也。</span> <span>舉善以求黨，蓋率古之風也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">率，循也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】音旬，善也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「不知其人，觀其所友。不知其君，觀其所使。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1058" id="1038">〔一二〕</a>賢賢乎哉，寔<span class="zhuanming">孔聖</span>矣！夫七子從之，<span class="zhuanming">晉侯</span>霸也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七子，謂<span class="zhuanming">顛頶</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1059" id="1039">〔一三〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏武子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">司空季子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">狐偃</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙衰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">狐毛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">賈佗</span>。七人從<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">重耳</span>出奔，終歸霸<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寔】是也。【從】去聲，隨行也。【頡】紅<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00182','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P182</span></i>結切。</span> <span>四翁來護，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>儲定也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢高祖</span>以<span class="zhuanming">戚夫人</span>將立太子，未定，上下惶惶。<span class="zhuanming">張良</span>令<span class="zhuanming">吕后</span>請於<span class="zhuanming">商山</span>輔之，入朝，<span class="zhuanming">高皇</span>一見，其位乃定矣。四皓，一<span class="zhuanming">東園公</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">夏黄公</span>，三<span class="zhuanming">綺里季</span>，四<span class="zhuanming">甪里先生</span>。甪音禄<a class="zhuhao" href="#1060" id="1040">〔一四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儲】音除，副也。【將】應云將齊太子。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">張禄</span>去<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之興也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">范睢</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">須賈</span>所譖，受<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>之恥，乃改姓名，稱<span class="zhuanming">張禄先生</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>用之爲相，封侯，而大興<span class="zhuanming">秦國</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1061" id="1041">〔一五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【睢】音雖。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>相<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>之亡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">史記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>生<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>，事<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>。多力，又善譖毁諸侯。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，誅殺<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1062" id="1042">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span>其言至驗，人罕存懷。故古黨舉黨誅，誠不失天下之善惡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古刑：其黨善者尽賞之；其黨有惡，緣坐而誅之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黨】五百家爲黨。</span> <span>今之小人，多竊君子友生爲譽<a class="zhuhao" href="#1063" id="1043">〔一七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">近日矯詐之徒，自無德行，依附高流。苟求声譽，狐媚於世也。</span> <span>而閭里不討其端倪，相與納其誣譎，而高識者難獨謂之不然<a class="zhuhao" href="#1064" id="1044">〔一八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【閭】里也。【里】五家爲軌，五軌爲里正也。【討】治也。【端倪】上正直也，下莫奚切，<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云「和之以天倪」，乃自然之分也。【相與】黨也。【誣譎】誑詐。</span> <span>故朋友焉，於古則直，於今則濫矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子云：友直，友諒，友多聞，益矣；友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，損矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1065" id="1045">〔一九〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">林公</span>被留京師三載，思歸<span class="zhuanming">東山</span>，帝不時允，固以表辭，其誠哀焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1066" id="1046">〔二○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【京師】京，大也。師，衆也。天子所居，必衆大也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1027" id="1047">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">穆皇帝</span>：<span class="zhuanming">司馬聃</span>（公元三四三—三六一年），字<span class="zhuanming">彭子</span>，公元三四四—三六一年在位，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>第五代皇帝。<span class="zhuanming">晉穆帝</span>是<span class="zhuanming">晉康帝</span>之長子，母<span class="zhuanming">褚蒜子</span>。繼位時年僅二歲，由<span class="zhuanming">褚太后</span>掌政。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1028" id="1048">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">支道林</span>：<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">關</span>氏，<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>人。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00183','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P183</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1029" id="1049">〔三〕</a>素風：清高的風操。<span class="zhuanming">傅亮</span><span class="shuming">爲宋公修楚元王墓教</span>：「素風道業，作範後昆。」　泠然：輕妙貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">列子</span>御風而行，泠然善也，旬有五日而後反。」<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「泠然，輕妙之貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1030" id="1050">〔四〕</a>三事：指三公。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">雨無正</span>：「三事大夫，莫肯夙夜。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「三事大夫爲三公耳。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">韋賢傳</span>：「於赫三事，匪俊匪作。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「三事，三公之位也。」　庶尹：這裏指百官。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五三<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">辨亡論上</span>：「庶尹盡規於上，四民展業於下。」<span class="zhuanming">吕延濟</span>注：「庶尹，百官也。」　巖藪：山澤，山野。<span class="zhuanming">鄒陽</span><span class="shuming">獄中上書自明</span>：「今欲使天下恢廓之士……回面汙行以事諂諛之人，而求親近於左右，則士有伏死堀穴巖藪之中耳。」這裏指巖藪之士。　知名：在野不仕的名士。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1031" id="1051">〔五〕</a>英邁：才智超群。<span class="zhuanming">梁簡文帝</span><span class="shuming">侍講</span>：「英邁八解心，高超七花意。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1032" id="1052">〔六〕</a>國華：國家傑出人材。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷八二上<span class="shuming">方術傳論</span>：「至乃誚譟遠術，賤斥國華。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「遠術謂禮樂，國華謂懷道隱逸之士也。」　物紀：法則，準則。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1033" id="1053">〔七〕</a>八關齋：佛教在家信徒一晝夜受持的八條戒律。「齋」指非時不食。佛教認爲有浄化身心，遠離妄想的作用。「關」指關閉，關閉衆生生死之門。<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷一三五<span class="shuming">齊武帝永明元年</span>：「會上於<span class="zhuanming">華林園</span>設八關齋，朝臣皆預。」<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之戒：一，不殺生；二，不偷盜；三，不邪淫；四，不妄語；五，不飲酒﹑食肉；六，不著花鬘瓔珞﹑香油塗身﹑歌舞倡伎故往觀聽；七，不得坐高廣大牀；八，不得過齋後喫食。以上八戒，故爲八關。」　盤：盤遊，遊樂。　集：聚會。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1034" id="1054">〔八〕</a>滌濯：洗滌。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">天官</span><span class="shuming">大宰</span>：「及執事，眡滌濯。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「滌濯，謂溉祭器及甑甗之屬。」　供薦：進獻，祭獻。　香花：香和花，均爲常用的供佛之物，如<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span><span class="shuming">序品</span>謂：「有香華伎樂，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00184','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P184</span></i>常以供養。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1035" id="1055">〔九〕</a>邕邕：和樂貌。「邕」通「雍」。<span class="zhuanming">嵇康</span><span class="shuming">遊仙詩</span>：「臨觴奏<span class="shuming">九韶</span>，<span class="shuming">雅歌</span>何邕邕。」　穆穆：亦和美也。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">文王</span>：「穆穆<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，於緝熙敬止。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「穆穆，美也。」　周旋：應酬。　顧慕：眷念愛慕，嚮往。<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span><span class="shuming">文心雕龍</span><span class="shuming">通變</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之賦頌，影寫<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>世；<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>之篇製，顧慕<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>風。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1036" id="1056">〔一○〕</a>一往：一時。<span class="zhuanming">蘇軾</span><span class="shuming">沉香山子賦</span>：「幸置此於几席，養幽芳於帨帉，無一往之發烈，有無窮之氤氲。」　信：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「言」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1037" id="1057">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">裳裳者華</span>：「左之左之，君子宜之。右之右之，君子有之。維其有之，是以似之。」　按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">關氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>人，或云<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">林慮</span>人。幼有神理，聰明秀徹。初至京師，<span class="zhuanming">太原</span><span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>甚重之曰：『造微之功，不減<span class="zhuanming">輔嗣</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">殷融</span>嘗與<span class="zhuanming">衛玠</span>交，謂其神情俊徹，後進莫有繼之者。及見<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>，歎息以爲重見若人。家世事佛，早悟非常之理。隱居<span class="zhuanming">餘杭山</span>，深思<span class="shuming">道行</span>之品，委曲<span class="shuming">慧印</span>之經。卓焉獨拔，得自天心。年二十五出家，每至講肆，善標宗會，而章句或有所遺，時爲守文者所陋。<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>聞而善之，曰：『此乃<span class="zhuanming">九方堙</span>之相馬也，略其玄黄而取其駿逸。』<span class="zhuanming">王洽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉恢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷浩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓彦表</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王敬仁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">何次道</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王文度</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝長遐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">袁彦伯</span>等，並一代名流，皆著塵外之狎。……<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>時在<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>，素聞<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>名，未之信，謂人曰：『一往之氣，何足言？』後<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>既還<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>，經由于郡，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>故詣<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>，觀其風力。既至，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>曰：『<span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>可得聞乎？』<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>乃作數千言，標揭新理，才藻驚絶。<span class="zhuanming">王</span>遂披衿解帶，流連不能已。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1038" id="1058">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷四<span class="shuming">六本</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾死之後，則<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也日益，<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也日損。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『何謂也？』子曰：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00185','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P185</span></i>『<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也好與賢己者處，<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也好説不若己者。不知其子，視其父。不知其人，視其友。不知其君，視其所使。不知其地，視其草木。故曰與善人居，如入芝蘭之室，久而不聞其香，即與之化矣。與不善人居，如入鮑魚之肆，久而不聞其臭，亦與之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所與處者焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1039" id="1059">〔一三〕</a>頶：「頡」字之形誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1040" id="1060">〔一四〕</a>甪：底本两「甪」字均誤爲「角」。<span class="zhuanming">四皓</span>等事，俱見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">留侯世家</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1041" id="1061">〔一五〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">范雎蔡澤列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1042" id="1062">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">秦本紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">中衍</span>）玄孫曰<span class="zhuanming">中潏</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>，保<span class="zhuanming">西垂</span>。生<span class="zhuanming">蜚廉</span>。<span class="zhuanming">蜚廉</span>生<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>。<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>有力，<span class="zhuanming">蜚廉</span>善走，父子俱以材力事<span class="zhuanming">殷紂</span>。<span class="zhuanming">周武王</span>之伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，并殺<span class="zhuanming">惡來</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1043" id="1063">〔一七〕</a>友生：朋友。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">常棣</span>：「雖有兄弟，不如友生。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1044" id="1064">〔一八〕</a>閭里：鄰居。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">至樂</span>：「吾使司命復生子形，爲子骨肉肌膚，反子父母﹑妻子﹑閭里﹑知識，子欲之乎？」　端倪：頭緒﹑跡象。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「反覆終始，不知端倪。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「端，緒也。倪，畔也。」　譎：欺騙。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「譎，權詐也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1045" id="1065">〔一九〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『益者三友，損者三友。友直，友諒，友多聞，益矣；友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，損矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1046" id="1066">〔二○〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>淹留京師，涉將三載，乃還<span class="zhuanming">東山</span>，上書告辭曰：『<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>頓首言，敢以不才，希風世表，未能鞭後，用愆靈化。蓋沙門之義，法出佛聖，彫純反朴，絶欲歸宗。遊虚玄之肆，守内聖之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00186','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P186</span></i>則，佩五戒之貞，毗外王之化。諧無聲之樂，以自得爲和。篤慈愛之孝，蠕動無傷。銜撫恤之哀，永悼不仁。秉未兆之順，遠防宿命。挹無位之節，履亢不悔。是以哲王御南面之重，莫不欽其風尚，安其逸軌，探其順心，略其形敬，故令歷代彌新矣。陛下天鍾聖德，雅尚不倦，道遊靈模，日昃忘御。可謂鍾鼓晨極，聲振天下。清風既邵，莫不幸甚。上願陛下齊齡二儀，弘敷至化。去陳信之妖誣，尋丘禱之弘議，絶小塗之致泥，奮宏轡於夷路。若然者，<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>不婬<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>之旅，得一以成靈；王者非圓丘而不禋，得一以永貞。若使貞靈各一，人神相忘，君君而下無親舉，神神而呪不加靈，玄德交被，民荷冥祐。恢恢六合，成吉祥之宅；洋洋<span class="zhuanming">大晉</span>，爲元亨之宇。常無爲而萬物歸宗，執大象而天下自往。國典刑殺，則有司存焉。若生而非惠，則賞者自得。戮而非怒，則罰者自刑。弘公器以厭神意，提銓衡以極冥量。所謂天何言哉，四時行焉。貧道野逸<span class="zhuanming">東山</span>，與世異榮，菜蔬長阜，漱流清壑。繿縷畢世，絶窺皇階。不悟乾光曲曜，猥被蓬蓽，頻奉明詔，使詣上京，進退惟谷，不知所厝。自到天道，屢蒙引見，優以賓禮，策以微言。每愧才不拔滯，理無拘新，不足對揚玄模，允塞視聽，踧踖侍人，流汗位席。曩四翁赴<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">干木</span>蕃<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，皆出處有時，默語適會。今德非昔人，動静乖衷，遊魂禁省，鼓言帝側，將困非據，何能有爲？且歲月僶俛，感若斯之歎，況復同志索居，綜習遼落，延首東顧，孰能無懷？上願陛下時蒙放遣，歸之林薄，以鳥養鳥，所荷爲優。謹露板以聞，申其愚管，裹糧望路，伏待慈詔。』詔即許焉。資給發遣，事事豐厚。」</span> </p><p> <span>僞<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1069" id="1067">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，預言之事多驗。<span class="zhuanming">建元</span>十五年至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，十六年卒，十七年大旱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蜀人】<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人是，<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>人者，悮也。【十五年至】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云一十一年至也。</span> <span>不食五穀，日行五百<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00187','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P187</span></i>里，能呪龍下鉢中，令降雨。<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>没，歲大旱。<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">朱彤</span>曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">朱彤</span>，祕書監也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1070" id="1068">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祕書監】<span class="zhuanming">朱彤</span>爲中書也。</span> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>若在，豈使朕燋心於雲漢哉？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1067" id="1069">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">涉公傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人也。虚靖服氣，不食五穀。日能行五百里。言未然之事，驗若指掌。以<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>十二年至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。能以祕呪，呪下神龍。每旱，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>常請之呪龍。俄而龍下鉢中，天輒大雨。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>及群臣親就鉢中觀之，咸歎其異。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>奉爲國神，士庶皆投身接足，自是無復炎旱之憂。至十六年十二月無疾而化，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>哭之甚慟。卒後七日，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>以其神異，試開棺視之，不見尸骸所在，唯有殮被存焉。至十七年，自正月不雨，至于六月。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>減膳撤懸，以迎和氣，至七月降雨。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>謂中書<span class="zhuanming">朱肜</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">涉公</span>若在，朕豈燋心於雲漢若是哉？此公其大聖乎！』<span class="zhuanming">肜</span>曰：『斯術幽遠，實亦曠古之奇也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1068" id="1070">〔二〕</a>朱彤：當作「朱肜」。<span class="zhuanming">朱肜</span>曾爲<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>羽林左監﹑祕書監。</span> </p><p> <span>初，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>太史奏：「有德星現於外國分野，當有聖人入輔中國，得之者王。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輔】前丞後疑，左弼右輔。【王】音旺。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>乃分命<span class="zhuanming">符丕</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">丕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>之庶子也。</span> <span>伐<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>取<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>討<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>求<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1080" id="1071">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">具足云<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">童真</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【童真】正云<span class="zhuanming">童壽</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>陷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>南中郎將<span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">丕</span>所陷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【朱】云外序者悮也。</span> <span>致<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>並<span class="zhuanming">習鑿齒</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1081" id="1072">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>喜曰：「朕用師十萬，得一人之半也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1082" id="1073">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">一人謂<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，半謂<span class="zhuanming">習鑿齒</span>。</span> <span>國有疑謀並古器服﹑篆隸﹑寶玉所不識者，俾諮詢于<span class="zhuanming">安</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1083" id="1074">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諮】音咨，問也。【詢】音荀，咨也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>嘗欲遊<span class="zhuanming">東苑</span>，命<span class="zhuanming">安</span>同輦。<span class="zhuanming">權翼</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00188','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P188</span></i>諫曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>左僕射。</span> <span>「臣聞天子法駕，侍中陪乘。<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>毁形賤士，寧可參逼乘輿<a class="zhuhao" href="#1084" id="1075">〔五〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陪】音裴，厠也。【參逼】承近也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>忿然作色曰：「<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>道冥至境<a class="zhuhao" href="#1085" id="1076">〔六〕</a>，德爲時尊。朕舉天下之重，不足以易之。非公之榮，乃朕之榮也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【非公之榮乃朕之榮也】<span class="shuming">記</span>云：舉天下不易之，非公輦輿之榮，此乃朕之顯也。</span> <span>使<span class="zhuanming">翼</span>扶<span class="zhuanming">安</span>登輦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1086" id="1077">〔七〕</a>。然臣諫，顯忠也。主拒，愛賢也。<span class="zhuanming">權</span>則區區之尺度，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>之諫，乃臣子之宜。然不能尊賢重德，亦器量之未廣也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【拒】逆也。【區】烏侯切，小器也。【尺度】下音鐸，量也。尺度，小器也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">符</span>則汪汪之陂湖。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">安公</span>實爲一代之賢，<span class="zhuanming">符主</span>深所器重。雖有强諫之言，亦終不納，信爲深識之見也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陂】音碑，澤障曰陂。【湖】江廣曰湖。</span> <span>君臣向背，若不相合，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若，然也，似也。</span> <span>而於國則合矣。故君子和而不同，匪兹何取焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子之道不争，然所見各不同，所謂殊途而同歸也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【君子和而不同】<span class="shuming">論語</span>云：小人同而不和也。【匪兹】捨此也。</span> <span>彼僞<span class="zhuanming">符</span>猶愈於真<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桀</span>雖真主而無道，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>雖僞霸而有德。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僞符】夫帝天下者，必乘五行氣運以應上命，故<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span><span class="zhuanming">五帝</span><span class="zhuanming">三王</span>及<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>是也。至於<span class="zhuanming">三國</span>而分正説，東西二<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>爲真命，外有分割華戎一十六國，皆附載<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>史者，並爲僞僭也。</span> <span>誠可謂得霸之道也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">常山</span><span class="zhuanming">扶柳</span>人，姓<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>。家世英儒，早失覆蔭，爲外兄所養。七歲讀書，再覽能誦。十二出家。皃陋，不<a class="zhuhao" href="#1087" id="1078">〔八〕</a>爲師之所重。執勞作役，曾無怨色。數歲之後，方啓求經，與<span class="shuming">辯意經</span>一卷，可五千言。齎經入田，暮還已誦。復與<span class="shuming">成具光明經</span>一卷，咸萬言，如初亦誦。師執經覆之，不差一字矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1088" id="1079">〔九〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【咸萬言】上是減字。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00189','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P189</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1071" id="1080">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>（公元三三七—三九九年），字<span class="zhuanming">世明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">略陽</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">秦安</span>東南）人，<span class="zhuanming">氐</span>族。<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>十八年（三八二），受<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>之命征討<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，降<span class="zhuanming">焉耆</span>﹑破<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>。公元三九六年，建國<span class="zhuanming">大涼</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1072" id="1081">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">次倫</span>，鎮<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，因部將開城降<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，被擒。<span class="zhuanming">淝水</span>之戰，被派往<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>營勸降，盡以<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>軍虚實告<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，並勸速决，又於陣上詐呼<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>軍已敗，致使<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span>大軍崩潰。傳見<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷八一。　致：得到。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1073" id="1082">〔三〕</a>見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>素聞<span class="zhuanming">安</span>名，每云：『<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>有<span class="zhuanming">釋道安</span>是神器，方欲致之，以輔朕躬。』後遣<span class="zhuanming">符丕</span>南攻<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>與<span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>俱獲於<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>謂僕射<span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>曰：『朕以十萬之師取<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，唯得一人半。』<span class="zhuanming">翼</span>曰：『誰耶？』<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>一人，<span class="zhuanming">習鑿齒</span>半人也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1074" id="1083">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">安</span>外涉群書，善爲文章。<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>中，衣冠子弟爲詩賦者，皆依附致譽。時<span class="zhuanming">藍田縣</span>得一大鼎，容二十七斛，邊有篆銘，人莫能識，乃以示<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>云：『此古篆書。云<span class="zhuanming">魯襄公</span>所鑄。』乃寫爲隸文。又有人持一銅斛於市賣之，其形正圓，下向爲斗。横梁昂者爲斗，低者爲合，梁一頭爲籥，籥同鍾，容半合，邊有篆銘。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>以問<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>云：『此<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>自言出自<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，皇龍集戊辰，改正即真，以同律量，布之四方，欲小大器鈞，令天下取平焉。』其多聞廣識如此。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>敕學士内外有疑，皆師於<span class="zhuanming">安</span>。故京兆爲之語曰：『學不師<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，義不中難。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1075" id="1084">〔五〕</a>法駕：天子車駕的一種。天子的鹵簿（出外時扈從的儀仗隊）分大駕﹑法駕﹑小駕三種，其儀衛之繁簡各有不同。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">吕太后本紀</span>：「迺奉天子法駕，迎<span class="zhuanming">代王</span>於邸。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span>曰：「天子有大駕﹑小駕﹑法駕。法駕上所乘，曰金根車，駕六馬，有五時副車，皆駕四馬，侍中參乘，屬車三十六乘。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00190','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P190</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1076" id="1085">〔六〕</a>冥：默契，暗合。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1077" id="1086">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>：「會<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>出東苑，命<span class="zhuanming">安</span>升輦同載，僕射<span class="zhuanming">權翼</span>諫曰：『臣聞天子法駕，侍中陪乘。<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>毁形，寧可參厠？』<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>勃然作色曰：『<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>道德可尊，朕以天下不易。輿輦之榮，未稱其德。』即敕僕射扶<span class="zhuanming">安</span>登輦。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1078" id="1087">〔八〕</a>不：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「下」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1079" id="1088">〔九〕</a>字：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「宇」。　按：以上<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>事，見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>克<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>與<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">前燕</span>即<span class="zhuanming">慕容暐</span>，據<span class="zhuanming">鄴都</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>所破。<span class="zhuanming">前涼</span><span class="zhuanming">張天錫</span>，據<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>所滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暐】于鬼切。</span> <span>降其君爲臣。<span class="zhuanming">渤海</span><span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>，恢爲國壤。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">渤海</span>盡東，<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>盡西。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盡】即忍切，極也。</span> <span>足食足兵，威振海内。常患不得纘<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>舊服<a class="zhuhao" href="#1094" id="1089">〔一〕</a>，登<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>而望<span class="zhuanming">滄海</span>，朝萬國以號令天下，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">禹</span>於<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>會萬國，諸侯執玉帛而朝貢。<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">越州</span><span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【足兵足食】<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問政，子曰：足兵足食，民信之矣。足，入也。【纘】作管切，繼也。【萬國】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云園，悮。【塗山】<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">九江</span><span class="zhuanming">當塗縣</span>。<span class="shuming">唐志</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>在<span class="zhuanming">濠州</span><span class="zhuanming">鐘離郡</span>，不屬<span class="zhuanming">越州</span>。</span> <span>累問<span class="zhuanming">安</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>之計。<span class="zhuanming">安</span>亟曰：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>德雖微，天命未改，難可圖也。」君子亦以爲私護援本朝而實得禮也，故一言而兼致焉。<span class="zhuanming">符</span>以獨夫之見，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">書</span>云：獨夫<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1095" id="1090">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亟】音器，數也。【援】音院，助也。</span> <span>爰舉百萬之衆，<span class="zhuanming">符融</span>治前軍。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人詐之，末鼓未成列，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>師大崩潰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>之兵騎八十七萬，前後千里，旗鼓相望。東西萬里，水陸並進，<span class="zhuanming">符融</span>爲將。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>等以水軍七萬拒之。<span class="zhuanming">王道子</span>以鼓吹求助於<span class="zhuanming">鍾山</span>神<a class="zhuhao" href="#1096" id="1091">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>至<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>，登城而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00191','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P191</span></i>望，見<span class="zhuanming">八公山</span>上草木皆人狀，引軍陣於<span class="zhuanming">淝水</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>師不得渡。遣使謂<span class="zhuanming">融</span>曰：「君懸軍深入<a class="zhuhao" href="#1097" id="1092">〔四〕</a>，逼水爲陣，此乃持久之計。豈欲戰乎？若小退師，令將士周旋，僕與群公緩轡而觀之。不亦善乎？」<span class="zhuanming">融</span>揮軍却陣，軍遂奔退，制之不可。<span class="zhuanming">融</span>馳騎掠陣，馬倒，爲軍所殺。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【潰】胡外切，叛也，亂也，散也。【王導】應云<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span><span class="zhuanming">王導子</span>。【山止】注云山上是，山止悮也。【緩轡】舒馬鞍也。</span> <span>自後<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>復於<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>敗後，<span class="zhuanming">慕容沖</span>起兵攻<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">慕容垂</span>歸<span class="zhuanming">鄴城</span>而稱<span class="zhuanming">後燕</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">涼</span>復于<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>本<span class="zhuanming">張軌</span>將，後稱<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>於<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>於<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暠】古老切。【燉煌】上音屯，下皇，<span class="zhuanming">沙州</span><span class="zhuanming">燉煌郡</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>據于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姚長</span>遣將圍<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>於<span class="zhuanming">五將山</span>，執而縊之于<span class="zhuanming">新平</span>佛寺，自立爲<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姚興】應云<span class="zhuanming">姚萇</span>。【新平】<span class="zhuanming">邠州</span><span class="zhuanming">新平郡</span>。【縊】自繼也。</span> <span>先是<span class="zhuanming">釋公</span>亡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">釋公</span>即<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">堅</span>臨慟</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哀過曰慟。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慟】哀而過禮。</span> <span>曰：「吾其未濟也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1098" id="1093">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>捨我而去矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【未】不也。</span> <span>於其言寧謬哉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1089" id="1094">〔一〕</a>舊服：舊有的屬地。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">仲虺之誥</span>：「天乃錫王勇智，表正萬邦，纘<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>舊服。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「言天與王勇智，應爲民主，儀表天下，法正萬國，繼<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>之功，統其故服。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1090" id="1095">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「獨夫<span class="zhuanming">受</span>，洪惟作威，乃汝世讎。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1091" id="1096">〔三〕</a>鼓吹：鼓吹曲。用鼓﹑鉦﹑簫﹑笳等樂器合奏。<span class="zhuanming">沈約</span><span class="shuming">梁鼓吹曲十二首</span>詩序：「<span class="shuming">鼓吹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>並用<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>曲，又克庭用十六曲，<span class="zhuanming">梁祖</span>乃去四曲，合日時也。更制新歌以述功德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1092" id="1097">〔四〕</a>懸軍：深入敵方的孤軍。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷七七<span class="shuming">柳元景傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">元景</span>大軍次<span class="zhuanming">臼口</span>，以前鋒深入，懸軍無繼。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1093" id="1098">〔五〕</a>未濟：没有成功。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">未濟</span>：「象曰：火在水上，未濟，君子以慎辨物居方。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00192','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P192</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">安</span>初謂<span class="zhuanming">王子年</span>曰：「世途若此，盍行乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盍，何不也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">年</span>曰：「公可前往，須吾償後債耳。」<span class="zhuanming">年</span>後得害於<span class="zhuanming">姚萇</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王嘉</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子年</span>，<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>人。形皃鄙陋，似若不足。好滑稽，不食五穀。有問善惡，應答狀如戲調，事過多驗。答<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>云：「小債未了，不得俱去。」及<span class="zhuanming">姚萇</span>得<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">符登</span>相持甚久。<span class="zhuanming">萇</span>問之：「朕當得否？」答曰：「略得。」<span class="zhuanming">萇</span>曰：「當言得，何略之有？」因斬之。<span class="zhuanming">萇</span>死後，子<span class="zhuanming">興</span>方殺<span class="zhuanming">登</span>。<span class="zhuanming">興</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子略</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">嘉</span>所謂「略得」之意也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【償】報也。【萇】音長。【滑稽】排諧好笑語也。上音骨，下音雞。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">法汰</span>如于<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>，謁<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>。<span class="zhuanming">温</span>恃威名重，不速於賓接。<span class="zhuanming">汰</span>患其躊躇，忽告謁者曰：「吾有疾。」遽退。他日<span class="zhuanming">汰</span>至，<span class="zhuanming">温</span>不俟履屨而前之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法汰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東莧</span>人，少與<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>同學。才辯雖不及<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，而姿皃過之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【汰】音太，法字悮。【如】往也。【荆】<span class="zhuanming">晉武</span>平<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>後分天下爲九州，部置一也。【謁】於歇切，投見也。【躊躇】上音儔，下音除，猶預不前也。【俟】待也。【履屨】下居芋切，皮曰履，蔴曰屨。【東莞】下音官，<span class="zhuanming">鄆州</span><span class="zhuanming">東莞郡</span>。諸本莧，悮。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">安</span>既俘于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，門人各馳散。<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>初將届<span class="zhuanming">羅浮</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1101" id="1099">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">山近南海。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俘】音敷，因也，或殍字，死也。</span> <span>至<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">江州</span>也。</span> <span>卜<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>而棲息。既獲朽壤抽泉，故不求去。<span class="zhuanming">慧永</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">並<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>門人。</span> <span>邀止<span class="zhuanming">西林</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>之<span class="zhuanming">西林寺</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邀】腰﹑袅二音，遠諸也。</span> <span>後刺史<span class="zhuanming">桓伊</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>臣也。</span> <span>别立<span class="zhuanming">東林寺</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1102" id="1100">〔二〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1099" id="1101">〔一〕</a>届：到。　<span class="zhuanming">羅浮</span>：山名，在今<span class="zhuanming">廣東</span><span class="zhuanming">惠州</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00193','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P193</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1100" id="1102">〔二〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">朱序</span>所拘，不能得去。乃分張徒衆，各隨所之。臨路，諸長德皆被誨約，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>不蒙一言。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃跪曰：『獨無訓勖，懼非人例。』<span class="zhuanming">安</span>曰：『如公者豈復相憂？』<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>於是與弟子數十人，南適<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">上明寺</span>。後欲往<span class="zhuanming">羅浮山</span>，及届<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">廬峰</span>清静，足以息心，始住<span class="zhuanming">龍泉精舍</span>。此處去水大遠。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃以杖扣地曰：『若此中可得棲立，當使朽壤抽泉。』言畢，清流涌出，後卒成溪。……時有沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧永</span>，居在<span class="zhuanming">西林</span>。與<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>同門舊好，遂要<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>同止。<span class="zhuanming">永</span>謂刺史<span class="zhuanming">桓伊</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>方當弘道，今徒屬已廣，而來者方多。貧道所棲褊狹，不足相處，如何？』<span class="zhuanming">桓</span>乃爲<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>復於山東更立房殿，即<span class="zhuanming">東林</span>是也。」</span> </p><p> <span>先是<span class="zhuanming">陶偘</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">陶偘</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">士衡</span>。初好學，延接賓侣，客至，家貧，母截髮賣之以供待。後爲八州都督。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【侣】力舉切，伴也。【士衡】或士行也。【督】率也，正也，勸也，察也。</span> <span>得<span class="zhuanming">育王</span>像，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>所造之像也。</span> <span>送<span class="zhuanming">武昌</span><span class="zhuanming">寒溪寺</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">武昌</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鄂州</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>寺成，遥請像，乃凌虚而來<a class="zhuhao" href="#1106" id="1103">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凌】越也，歷也。</span> <span>當時搢紳儒林慠世考盤<a class="zhuhao" href="#1107" id="1104">〔二〕</a>，其若<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉遺民</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周續之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張季碩</span>之輩，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南陽</span><span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張萊<a class="zhuhao" href="#1108" id="1105">〔三〕</a>民</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張季碩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span><span class="zhuanming">劉遺民</span>，<span class="zhuanming">預章</span><span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">雁門</span><span class="zhuanming">周續之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">新蔡</span><span class="zhuanming">畢穎之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">僧惠持</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">惠永</span>，共爲蓮社也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【搢紳】上音晉，插笏也。紳，大帶也，垂帶也。【慠】遁也。【考盤】上成也，下樂也。【南陽】<span class="zhuanming">鄧州</span><span class="zhuanming">南陽</span>。【彭城】<span class="zhuanming">除州</span><span class="zhuanming">彭城郡</span>。【預章】<span class="zhuanming">洪州</span>郡名。【雁門】<span class="zhuanming">代州</span>郡名。【新蔡】<span class="zhuanming">蔡州</span>縣名。</span> <span>凡百大名君子，咸與胥附。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">胥，相也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1103" id="1106">〔一〕</a>凌虚：升於空際。<span class="zhuanming">曹植</span><span class="shuming">七啓</span>：「華閣緣雲，飛陛凌虚，俯眺流星，仰觀八隅。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00194','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P194</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1104" id="1107">〔二〕</a>搢紳：官宦，亦爲儒者的代稱。本謂插笏於紳。紳，古代仕宦者和儒者圍於腰際的大帶。<span class="shuming">東觀漢記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">明帝紀</span>：「是時學者尤盛，冠帶搢紳，遊雍而觀化者，以億萬計。」　慠世：謂輕視世俗人事。慠，同「傲」。<span class="zhuanming">成公綏</span><span class="shuming">嘯賦</span>：「逸群公子，體奇好異，傲世忘榮，絶棄人事。」　考盤：成德樂道。盤，同「槃」。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">考槃</span>：「考槃在澗，碩人之寬。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「考，成；槃，樂。」<span class="zhuanming">陳奂</span><span class="shuming">傳疏</span>：「成樂者，謂成德樂道也。」<span class="shuming">考槃序</span>則言此詩爲刺<span class="zhuanming">莊公</span>「不能繼先公之業，使賢者退而窮處」，故後即以喻隱居。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1105" id="1108">〔三〕</a>萊：原誤作「菜」。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>少與<span class="zhuanming">惠持</span>偕爲諸生<a class="zhuhao" href="#1111" id="1109">〔一〕</a>，精六經，學禮樂名教，特爲朝野法度。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偕】俱也。【精】正也，明也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王恂</span>與<span class="zhuanming">范甯</span>書</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王恂</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>主簿，<span class="zhuanming">范甯</span>注<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span>。</span> <span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">持公</span>孰愈？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孰，誰也。愈，勝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王詢】字從言，不從玉。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">范公</span>復云：「誠爲賢兄弟也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">持</span>與<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>實親俗兄弟也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王</span>重曰：「但令如兄弟，誠未易有。況復賢耶？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1112" id="1110">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>初譯<span class="shuming">智論</span>訖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">智論</span>，或稱<span class="shuming">智度論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>造。</span> <span>篤所聘請<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>製序，其見重殊絶如此。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【篤】厚也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1109" id="1111">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧持</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>弟。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六有傳。　諸生：儒生。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">君臣上</span>：「是以爲人君者，坐萬物之原，而官諸生之職者也。」<span class="zhuanming">尹知章</span>注：「謂授諸生之官而任之以職也。生，謂知學之士也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1110" id="1112">〔二〕</a>按：此句<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧持傳</span>作「但令如兄，誠未易有。況復弟賢耶？」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>征<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">敬道</span>，大司馬<span class="zhuanming">温</span>之子，爲<span class="zhuanming">江州</span>刺史。<span class="zhuanming">元興</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1116" id="1113">〔一〕</a>二年篡<span class="zhuanming">晉安帝</span>。<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>舉兵，<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>乃征<span class="zhuanming">仲堪</span>也。</span> <span>要<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>出<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>稱疾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【要】平聲。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄</span>自入山，左右曰：「昔<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00195','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P195</span></i>禮<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，願公勿敬之。」曰：「何有此理，<span class="zhuanming">仲堪</span>本死人耳。」既見，素反前約。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">素，先也。本言不禮，及見即禮。</span> <span>出山，謂左右曰：「實乃生所未見。」後<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>欲沙汰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1117" id="1114">〔二〕</a>，教僚屬曰：「<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>道德所居，不在搜簡之例<a class="zhuhao" href="#1118" id="1115">〔三〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">簡，閲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沙汰】汱字悮也。【教僚】同官曰僚。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1113" id="1116">〔一〕</a>興：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「與」。<span class="zhuanming">元興</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">晉安帝</span>年號。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1114" id="1117">〔二〕</a>沙汰：淘汰，揀選。<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇</span><span class="shuming">明本</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">遷</span>之洽聞，旁綜幽隱，沙汰事物之臧否，覈實古人之邪正。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1115" id="1118">〔三〕</a>搜簡：檢查。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「後<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>征<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>，軍經<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，要<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>出<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>稱疾不堪。<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>自入山，左右謂<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>曰：『昔<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>入山禮<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，願公勿敬之。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>答：『何有此理？<span class="zhuanming">仲堪</span>本死人耳。』及至見<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，不覺致敬。<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>問：『不敢毁傷，何以剪削？』<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>答云：『立身行道。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>稱善。所懷問難，不敢復言，乃説征討之意，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>不答。<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>又問：『何以見願？』<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>云：『願檀越安隱，使彼亦無他。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>出山謂左右曰：『實乃生所未見。』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>後以震主之威，苦相延致，乃貽書騁説，勸令登仕。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>答辭堅正，確乎不拔。志踰丹石，終莫能迴。俄而<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>欲沙汰衆僧，教僚屬曰：『沙門有能申述經誥，暢説義理，或禁行修整，足以宣寄大化。其有違於此者，悉皆罷遣。唯<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>道德所居，不在搜簡之例。』」</span> </p><p> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>沖幼<a class="zhuhao" href="#1122" id="1119">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">庾冰</span>輔政，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉成帝</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">衍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>長子。皇太后<span class="zhuanming">庾氏</span>攝朝稱制，<span class="zhuanming">祖約</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘇峻</span>及<span class="zhuanming">庾氏</span>專政也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庾冰】太后兄也。</span> <span>以爲沙門應敬王者。<span class="zhuanming">何充</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王謐</span>等駮議<a class="zhuhao" href="#1123" id="1120">〔二〕</a>，同異不定。後<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>在<span class="zhuanming">姑熟</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姑熟</span>，<span class="zhuanming">當塗縣</span>也。舊日，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>主改爲<span class="zhuanming">太平州</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謐】音密，静也。【駮】音剥。</span> <span>欲令<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00196','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P196</span></i>盡敬，且以問告。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>答書並製<span class="shuming">沙門不敬王者論</span>五篇，以塞横議<a class="zhuhao" href="#1124" id="1121">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">書並論並在<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【横】非理來也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">安帝</span>迫<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>篡，遜于<span class="zhuanming">南郡</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">安帝</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">德宗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>子。以<span class="zhuanming">會稽王</span><span class="zhuanming">道子</span>爲太傅攝政。<span class="zhuanming">兖州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">王恭</span>與<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>反，遷帝于<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>乃篡位。二年，<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>誅之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【篡】初患切，逆即奪取也。【遜】遁也，伏也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄</span>死，大駕克復舊京，<span class="zhuanming">何無忌</span>前勸迎候，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無忌</span>爲侍中。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克復】能反舊物也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>稱疾不行。恩旨勞問，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>以書謝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勞】音潦，慰也。</span> <span>詔答「歎恨」，不果見也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1119" id="1122">〔一〕</a>沖幼：年幼。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">方正</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>初崩，于時嗣君未定，<span class="zhuanming">何</span>欲立嗣子，<span class="zhuanming">庾</span>及朝議以外寇方强，嗣子沖幼，乃立<span class="zhuanming">康帝</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1120" id="1123">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">何充</span>：尚書令。　<span class="zhuanming">王謐</span>：<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>之孫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1121" id="1124">〔三〕</a>横議：恣意議論。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">滕文公下</span>：「聖王不作，諸侯放恣，處士横議，<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨翟</span>之言盈天下。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">持</span>至井絡，井絡之；人望風趨慕<a class="zhuhao" href="#1130" id="1125">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">惠持</span>入<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">依政縣</span><span class="zhuanming">後巖院</span>也。</span> <span>僞<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>之子<span class="zhuanming">道福</span>，尤凶悖<a class="zhuhao" href="#1131" id="1126">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僞蜀】<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>初<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">益</span>之地獄卒<span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>也。【尤】過甚也，多也。</span> <span>將兵有所討，還至<span class="zhuanming">郫中</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">郫縣</span>蓋<span class="zhuanming">法定寺</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【郫】音皮，縣名，在<span class="zhuanming">蜀郡</span>東。</span> <span>寺僧徒遥見人馬流血，盡奔走。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">懼戰士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【人馬流血】浴血。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">持</span>在户前盥洗，氣色晏如<a class="zhuhao" href="#1132" id="1127">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盥】音貫，洗也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">福</span>既至，<span class="zhuanming">持</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1133" id="1128">〔四〕</a>彈指漉水，竟不輟。<span class="zhuanming">福</span>灑汗而出，謂將校曰：「大人固與衆異耳。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1134" id="1129">〔五〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00197','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P197</span></i>【輟】陟劣切，上也，已也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1125" id="1130">〔一〕</a>井絡：井宿的分野，泛指<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>地。　望風：瞻望並想見其風采。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">杜周傳</span>附<span class="shuming">杜欽傳</span>：「天下莫不望風而靡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1126" id="1131">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>：<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">後蜀</span>國君。公元四○五—四一三年在位。　凶悖：殘暴悖逆。<span class="zhuanming">袁康</span><span class="shuming">越絶書</span><span class="shuming">外傳計倪</span>：「乃此禍<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>之<span class="zhuanming">驪姬</span>，亡<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之<span class="zhuanming">襃姒</span>，盡妖妍於圖畫，極凶悖於人理。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1127" id="1132">〔三〕</a>晏如：安定。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">司馬相如列傳</span>：「及臻厥成，天下晏如也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1128" id="1133">〔四〕</a>持：原誤作「特」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1129" id="1134">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧持傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">縱</span>有從子<span class="zhuanming">道福</span>，凶悖尤甚。將兵往<span class="zhuanming">陴</span>，有所討戮，還過入寺，人馬浴血，衆僧大怖，一時驚走。<span class="zhuanming">持</span>在房前盥洗，神色無忤。<span class="zhuanming">道福</span>直至<span class="zhuanming">持</span>邊，<span class="zhuanming">持</span>彈指漉水，淡然自若。<span class="zhuanming">福</span>愧悔流汗，出寺門謂左右曰：『大人故與衆異。』」</span> </p><p> <span>君子曰：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>失中原，介于江國。」衣冠避五胡之亂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1142" id="1135">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五胡，<span class="zhuanming">前趙</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span><span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">符氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚氏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介】閒居江國間也。</span> <span>莫不南遷。邦家以北伐爲謀，且慕膽勇<a class="zhuhao" href="#1143" id="1136">〔二〕</a>。致使英賢緇素宅心事外<a class="zhuhao" href="#1144" id="1137">〔三〕</a>，鸞吟鶴舉，視俎豆紱冕而若遺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1145" id="1138">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">宅，居也。事，物也。高尚之流，覩世陵夷，居心物外，放鸞鶴之情，匿林泉之側，於禮樂而不顧也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鸞】<span class="shuming">山海經</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">床山</span>處有鳥，爪如翟，五色文，曰鸞，見則天下太平<a class="zhuhao" href="#1146" id="1139">〔五〕</a>。【俎豆】上肉器也，禾黍曰豆也，是宗廟祭器也。【紱】音弗，綬也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，製作對敭，皆詞氣沖深，有倫有義<a class="zhuhao" href="#1147" id="1140">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">倫，理也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00198','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P198</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【敭】音陽，明也。</span> <span>雖宣象外之風，率多經濟之略<a class="zhuhao" href="#1148" id="1141">〔七〕</a>。故始言首事，必信重於天下矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1135" id="1142">〔一〕</a>衣冠：代稱縉紳﹑士大夫。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">杜欽傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">茂陵</span><span class="zhuanming">杜鄴</span>與<span class="zhuanming">欽</span>同姓字，俱以材能稱京師，故衣冠謂<span class="zhuanming">欽</span>爲『盲<span class="zhuanming">杜子夏</span>』以相别。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「衣冠謂士大夫也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1136" id="1143">〔二〕</a>膽勇：膽量﹑勇氣。<span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">人謂故屋中有惡鬼喻</span>：「後有一人，自謂膽勇勝於前人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1137" id="1144">〔三〕</a>英賢：德才傑出的人。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二四<span class="shuming">馬援列傳</span>附<span class="shuming">馬嚴傳</span>：「專心墳典，能通<span class="shuming">左氏春秋</span>，因覽百家群言，遂交結英賢，京師大人咸器異之。」　緇素：僧俗。僧徒衣緇，俗衆服素。　宅心：用心。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">康誥</span>：「汝丕遠惟<span class="zhuanming">商</span>耇成人，宅心知訓。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「汝當大遠求<span class="zhuanming">商</span>家耇老成人之道，常以居心，則知訓民。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1138" id="1145">〔四〕</a>俎豆：謂祭祀，奉祀。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「俎豆之事，則嘗聞之矣；軍旅之事，未之學也。」<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">庚桑楚</span>：「今以畏壘之細民而竊竊焉欲俎豆予于賢人之間，我其杓之人邪！」　紱冕：喻指高官。<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">司空楊秉碑</span>：「烈祖<span class="zhuanming">楊憙</span>佐命征伐，封<span class="zhuanming">赤泉侯</span>。嗣子<span class="zhuanming">業</span>，紱冕相繼。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1139" id="1146">〔五〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">西山經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">女牀之山</span>……有鳥焉，其狀如翟而五采文，名曰鸞鳥，見即天下安寧。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1140" id="1147">〔六〕</a>對敭：面君奏對。敭，同「揚」。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷八四<span class="shuming">儒林傳序</span>：「州舉茂異，郡貢孝廉，對揚王庭，每年逾衆。」<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷一七二<span class="shuming">陳宣帝太建八年</span>：「平生言論，無所不道，今者對揚，何得乃爾反覆？」<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注：「對揚，本於<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">召虎</span>。對，答也；揚，稱也。後人遂以面對敷奏爲對揚。」　沖深：深<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00199','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P199</span></i>奥。<span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>卷七八引<span class="zhuanming">湛方生</span><span class="shuming">廬山神仙詩序</span>：「窈窕沖深，常含霞而貯氣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1141" id="1148">〔七〕</a>經濟：經世濟民。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七七<span class="shuming">殷浩傳</span>：「足下沉識淹長，思綜通練，起而明之，足以經濟。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>入<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>獲<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>，膝其頭，令倒乘駞，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>無愠色。<span class="zhuanming">光</span>乃特器異之，不敢狎侮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1153" id="1149">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>令<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>將兵伐<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>，求<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>。既克獲之，不甚重，遂以<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>王女强逼之。又令乘惡馬馳駝，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>無怒容。及歸，勸令移營地，果大雨水漲，由此<span class="zhuanming">光</span>特加禮重矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膝】思疾切，脛頭也。【倒】去聲。【愠】怒也。【狎】近習也。【侮】音武，輕弄也。【漲】大水也，音帳。</span> <span>暨返旆于<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>敗，遂僭據其地，改車書<a class="zhuhao" href="#1154" id="1150">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>迴，以駱駝二萬餘頭，駿馬萬匹，珍寶千餘，迴至<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>已戰敗，自称<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>刺史，後僭位称<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>，凡十四年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【旆】蒲蓋切，旗也。【涼】涼字悮。【改車書】若天下太平，則車同其軌，書同其文。既各有所獲，是車書有所不同也。【西涼】後<span class="zhuanming">李暠</span>據<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">西涼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>據<span class="zhuanming">姑藏</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">後涼</span>，西字悮也。【凡一十四年】<span class="zhuanming">吕光</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吕紹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吕纂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吕降</span>四主共十五年。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>命將討<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>求<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>亡，致之于<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>。四方學侣，大集會<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。謀胤其後<a class="zhuhao" href="#1155" id="1151">〔三〕</a>，以室强之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>慕其聰俊，逼之宫妓，以求其種。</span> <span>浄行者恥聞其事<a class="zhuhao" href="#1156" id="1152">〔四〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1149" id="1153">〔一〕</a>器異：器重﹑特别重視。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二四<span class="shuming">馬援列傳</span>附<span class="shuming">馬嚴傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">嚴</span>）因覽百家群言，遂交結英賢，京師大人咸器異之。」　狎侮：輕慢侮弄。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">旅獒</span>：「德盛不狎侮。狎侮君子，罔以盡人心；狎侮小人，罔以盡其力。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「盛德必自敬，何狎易侮慢之有？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1150" id="1154">〔二〕</a>返旆：迴師。<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">晉平西將軍孝侯周處碑</span>：「潛光<span class="zhuanming">陽</span>甸，返旆<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>丘。」　車書：指國家的法令制<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00200','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P200</span></i>度。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「今天下車同軌，書同文。」表示天下一統，法令制度劃一。改車書則是改變國家法令制度。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1151" id="1155">〔三〕</a>胤：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷四下：「胤，子孫相承續也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1152" id="1156">〔四〕</a>浄行者：即「梵志」，本爲修婆羅門行者的通稱，佛教泛稱有志於離欲的出家者。</span> </p><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>龜靈而納介，<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>人辨而召刖<a class="zhuhao" href="#1159" id="1157">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋元君</span>夢人披髮告之曰：「予謂<span class="zhuanming">清江</span>使者伯，漁者<span class="zhuanming">預且</span>得我。」<span class="zhuanming">元君</span>召問之，云：「得龜乃刳之，以卜，七十二鑽之無遺也。」又，<span class="zhuanming">卞和</span>於<span class="zhuanming">荆山</span>得石，辨之有玉，獻<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>。王不識，雙刖其足。三獻方别。斯皆以靈智而受刳刖，若<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>以聰明而污戒也。介，殼也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介】甲也。【宋元君】公字也。</span> <span>豈非智有所可，力有所困乎？故繼益以損物，莫爲之不惑也。<span class="zhuanming">魏孝文</span>詔求<span class="zhuanming">什</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孝文</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">宏獻</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>長子。五歲受父禪，迁都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，改姓<span class="zhuanming">元氏</span>。在位二十九年。仁孝，雅好<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>，尤精<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>義。</span> <span>後既得而禄之。雖吾教以仆陷大譎，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不正也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譎】决也。【元氏】元字是，無字悮。</span> <span>然春秋之義，言功十世，亦可宥也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1160" id="1158">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">春秋有功，宥十世之罪。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宥】于救切，寬宥也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1157" id="1159">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">外物</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋元君</span>夜半而夢人被髮窺阿門，曰：『予自<span class="zhuanming">宰路</span>之淵，予爲<span class="zhuanming">清江</span>使<span class="zhuanming">河伯</span>之所，漁者<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>得予。』<span class="zhuanming">元君</span>覺，使人占之，曰：『此神龜也。』君曰：『漁者有<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>乎？』左右曰：『有。』君曰：『令<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>會朝。』明日，<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>朝，君曰：『漁何得？』對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">且</span>之網得白龜焉，其圓五尺。』君曰：『獻若之龜。』龜至，君再欲殺之，再欲活之，心疑，卜之，曰：『殺龜以卜吉。』乃刳龜，七十二鑽而無遺筴。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00201','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P201</span></i><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『神龜能見夢於<span class="zhuanming">元君</span>，而不能避<span class="zhuanming">余且</span>之網；知能七十二鑽而無遺筴，不能避刳腸之患。如是，則知有所困，神有所不及也。雖有至知，萬人謀之。魚不畏網而畏鵜鶘。去小知而大知明，去善而自善矣。嬰兒生無石師而能言，與能言者處也。』」　<span class="shuming">韓非子</span><span class="shuming">和氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人<span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>得玉璞<span class="zhuanming">楚山</span>中，奉而獻之<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>使玉人相之。玉人曰：『石也。』王以<span class="zhuanming">和</span>爲誑，而刖其左足。及<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>薨，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>即位，<span class="zhuanming">和</span>又奉其璞而獻之<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>使玉人相之。又曰：『石也。』王又以<span class="zhuanming">和</span>爲誑，而刖其右足。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>薨，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>即位，<span class="zhuanming">和</span>乃抱其璞而哭於<span class="zhuanming">楚山</span>之下，三日三夜，泣盡而繼之以血。王聞之，使人問其故，曰：『天下之刖者多矣，子奚哭之悲也？』<span class="zhuanming">和</span>曰：『吾非悲刖也，悲夫寶玉而題之以石，貞士而名之以誑，此吾所以悲也。』王乃使玉人理其璞而得寶焉，遂命曰『<span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>之璧』。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1158" id="1160">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十一年</span>：「夫謀而鮮過﹑惠訓不倦者，<span class="zhuanming">叔向</span>有焉，社稷之固也，猶將十世宥之，以勸能者。今壹不免其身，以棄社稷，不亦惑乎？」</span> </p><p> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">童壽</span>在外國，遇聖者告之曰：「若慎無適東土，將有大不利焉。」<span class="zhuanming">什</span>乃不顧而來，豈非良臣死國計，良執死高義，仁者死成仁，何顧之有也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1164" id="1161">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">將弘大教，不可以小節而堅守。法門于今受其賜，教之盛而<span class="zhuanming">什</span>之力也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【若】汝也。【適】往也。【良臣死國計】若<span class="zhuanming">紀信</span>焚身者是。【良執死高義】若<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>是也。或此議字，若<span class="zhuanming">夏侯勝</span>議廟樂﹑<span class="zhuanming">朱雲</span>折檻是。<span class="zhuanming">左伯陶</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>共<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>進舉，盤費不前，令在赴試得名，葬<span class="zhuanming">羊</span>於<span class="zhuanming">荆軻</span>塚側，曰陰不勝，<span class="zhuanming">左伯</span>遂自刎而死也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1165" id="1162">〔二〕</a>。【仁者死成仁】若<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>是也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">什</span>死焚之，心舌不爛焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1166" id="1163">〔三〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00202','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P202</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1161" id="1164">〔一〕</a>良執：良友。<span class="zhuanming">潘岳</span><span class="shuming">夏侯常侍誄</span>：「慘爾其傷，念我良執。」　仁者：德行高尚的人。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子曰：『知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「子曰：『志士仁人，無求生以害仁，有殺身以成仁。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1162" id="1165">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>與<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>事，孰爲生者，諸説不同。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二九<span class="shuming">申屠剛鮑永郅惲列傳</span><span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注引<span class="shuming">烈士傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>二人爲死友，欲仕於<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，道阻，遇雨雪不得行，飢寒，自度不俱生。<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>曰：『俱死之後，骸骨莫收。内手捫心，知不如子。生恐無益而棄子之能，我樂在樹中。』<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>聽之，<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>入樹中而死。<span class="zhuanming">楚平王</span>愛<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>之賢，以上卿禮葬<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>。<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>夢<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>曰：『蒙子之恩而獲厚葬，正苦<span class="zhuanming">荆將軍</span>冢相近。今月十五日，當大戰以决勝負。』<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>至期日，陳兵馬詣其冢，作三桐人，自殺，下而從之。」生者爲<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span><span class="zhuanming">三十三萬卷堂</span>影鈔本<span class="shuming">北堂書鈔</span>卷一五二<span class="shuming">天部四</span><span class="shuming">雪篇十八</span>引<span class="shuming">良士傳</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">羊角哀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>相與爲友，聞<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>賢，欲往仕焉。道遇雨雪，計不俱全，乃並衣粮與<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>，<span class="zhuanming">角哀</span>入樹内而死矣。」生者則爲<span class="zhuanming">左伯桃</span>。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>遺書<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二六五三號寫卷<span class="shuming">燕子賦</span>亦爲<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>：「併粮坐守死，萬代得稱傳。<span class="zhuanming">百姚</span>（<span class="zhuanming">伯桃</span>）憶朝廷，哽咽淚交連。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1163" id="1166">〔三〕</a>按：以上<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>事，參見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">鳩摩羅什傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>，十歲從師受<span class="shuming">觀音經</span>，問曰：「此經有幾卷？」師欲試之，乃言：「止有一卷耳。」<span class="zhuanming">導</span>曰：「初云爾時無盡意，故知爾前已應有事。」師奇之。居貧無資，以樵蘇夕學。洎業成，<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>欽其德，入寺造敬，同輦還宫。<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>悦其賢，爲之於<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>立<span class="zhuanming">東山寺</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00203','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P203</span></i>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1168" id="1167">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>，<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>。收<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>歸<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樵蘇】樵，柴。下草也。南人焚火曰蘇也。【造】至也。【壽】<span class="zhuanming">壽州</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1167" id="1168">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧導</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人。十歲出家，從師受業，師以<span class="shuming">觀世音經</span>授之，讀竟諮師：『此經有幾卷？』師欲試之，迺言：『止有此耳。』<span class="zhuanming">導</span>曰：『初云爾時無盡意，故知爾前已應有事。』師大悦之，授以<span class="shuming">法華</span>一部。於是晝夜看尋，粗解文義。貧無油燭，常採薪自照。……<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>欽其德業，友而愛焉。入寺相造，迺同輦還宫。及<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>譯出經論，並參議詳定。……<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>感之，因令子姪内外師焉。後立寺於<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">東山寺</span>也。」　樵蘇：砍柴刈草。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">淮陰侯列傳</span>：「臣聞千里餽糧，士有飢色，樵蘇後爨，師不宿飽。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="shuming">漢書音義</span>：「樵，取薪也。蘇，取草也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">曇始</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>末</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>也。帝臨位，深奉佛法。<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>兵至，<span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>破也。</span> <span>適<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高麗</span>開導始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1179" id="1169">〔一〕</a>。後還<span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">咸陽縣</span>。昔<span class="zhuanming">秦皇</span>於此置殿觀。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遼】水名也。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>爲十二州，以古<span class="zhuanming">冀</span>南北闊大，分<span class="zhuanming">衛水</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">并州</span>，分以爲<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>越海折<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>之地爲<span class="zhuanming">營州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時爲<span class="zhuanming">安東府</span>者也。【開道】本傳是開道，若依，開下應是遵字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>人宗仰之<a class="zhuhao" href="#1180" id="1170">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">姚泓</span>，留子<span class="zhuanming">義真</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宋武滅姚泓】已下皆<span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">釋<a class="zhuhao" href="#1181" id="1171">〔三〕</a>老志</span>。下烏宏切，<span class="zhuanming">興</span>之子也，<span class="zhuanming">太和</span>三年爲<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>滅之。昔<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>北平<span class="zhuanming">廣固</span>，<span class="zhuanming">慕容超</span>西定<span class="zhuanming">涼</span><span class="zhuanming">益</span>，<span class="zhuanming">樵蹤</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1182" id="1172">〔四〕</a>又尅<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><span class="zhuanming">桃山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">泓</span>盡<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>之地。<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>尋<span class="zhuanming">勃勃</span>所陷，至<span class="zhuanming">廢帝</span><span class="zhuanming">景和</span>中，<span class="zhuanming">武牢</span>之覆陷於<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">赫連屈句</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>也。</span> <span>追，敗之。道俗少長，咸被坈戮，<span class="zhuanming">始</span>接刃不傷。<span class="zhuanming">屈句</span>自擊以佩劒，無能害，乃恐懼謝罪<a class="zhuhao" href="#1183" id="1173">〔五〕</a>。洎<span class="zhuanming">魏世祖</span>虜<span class="zhuanming">赫連昌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1184" id="1174">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>之子，爲<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>所滅。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【少長】上去下上。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00204','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P204</span></i>【接】合也。【佩】蒲昧切，玉之帶也，必有佩玉。【虜】掠獲也。【赫連昌】<span class="zhuanming">勃勃</span>子，<span class="zhuanming">魏武帝</span>虜之。<span class="zhuanming">昌</span>之弟<span class="zhuanming">定</span>立三年，爲<span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>滅之。【東魏】應云<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>。</span> <span>得<span class="zhuanming">始</span>，每加殊敬。既滅法，玄風勦絶，赭衣其殲。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">赭，赤衣也，蓋乾陁色。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【赭】音者，以赭石染衣得名。【勦】子小切，絶也。【殲】盡也，滅也。音尖。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">始</span>乃閉形幽阻，非虐命所及。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遁跡山谷也。</span> <span>蓋鴻飛冥空，高視天際，非罻羅之所得也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1185" id="1175">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罻，網也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鴻】大曰鴻，迴南曰鴻，小曰雁，歸北曰雁。【罻】音畏，網也。</span> <span>後知大法將亨，於月正元日，天子履端，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂正月之旦也。履端於始，舉正於中，歸餘於終。造曆者以步履之首謂月節，舉正得中氣，即爲其月，二百五十四日。所餘一十一日二十五分，積三十二日爲一閏也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亨】許庚切，通也。【月正元日】<span class="shuming">舜典</span>云月正元日。注云正月元日，乃上元日也。</span> <span>廷實旅百，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">實，滿也。旅，衆也。謂元日進奉之物充廷也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【廷實旅百】旅，進也。<span class="zhuanming">莊公</span>二十二年<span class="shuming">傳</span>云：廷實奉以玉帛，天地之美也具焉。此陳敬伸百辭，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>史筮之遇觀之否也。</span> <span>荷錫於國門<a class="zhuhao" href="#1186" id="1176">〔八〕</a>，將圖其變也。<span class="zhuanming">魏主</span>聞而怒，命有司速乃辟，肌不容刃。手劒之，其傷如線。俾投虎檻，虎避伏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">乃，汝也。辟，刑也。俾，使也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【檻】穽也，欄也。</span> <span>其末如之何。召即殿，詳考興廢。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因問國祚短<a class="zhuhao" href="#1187" id="1177">〔九〕</a>永之事。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【末】元也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">始</span>乃扃鐍邪關，芟夷梗途，<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>悽然悟矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1188" id="1178">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太武</span>諱<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>，初不信<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教，坈沙門﹑毁佛像等。因遇<span class="zhuanming">曇始</span>化之，後悔過。南征<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，殺戮無辜。立二十九年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【扃】古營切，户外關閉也。【鐍】音决，關鐵也。【芟】音杉，刈草也。【夷】平也。【梗】直也。路艱澀曰梗。【辜】罪也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00205','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P205</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1169" id="1179">〔一〕</a>開導：當爲「聞道之」之誤。「開」爲「聞」之形誤，「導」爲「道之」誤合。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曇始傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇始</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>人，自出家以後，多有異跡。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>年末，齎經律數十部，往<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>宣化，顯授三乘，立以歸戒，蓋<span class="zhuanming">高句驪</span>聞道之始也。<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>初，復還<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，開導<span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1170" id="1180">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>：<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷一六四引<span class="shuming">三輔黄圖</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">太初</span>元年，以<span class="zhuanming">渭城</span>以西屬<span class="zhuanming">右扶風</span>，<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>以東屬<span class="zhuanming">京兆尹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">長陵</span>以北屬<span class="zhuanming">左馮翊</span>，以輔京師，謂之<span class="zhuanming">三輔</span>。」　宗仰：推崇景仰。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷九一<span class="shuming">儒林傳</span><span class="shuming">范宣</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宣</span>雖閒居屢空，常以講誦爲業。<span class="zhuanming">譙國</span><span class="zhuanming">戴逵</span>等皆聞風宗仰，自遠而至。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1171" id="1181">〔三〕</a>釋：原誤作「譯」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1172" id="1182">〔四〕</a>樵蹤：當爲「譙縱」之訛誤。<span class="zhuanming">譙縱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span>建國者，<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一○○有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1173" id="1183">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曇始傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>末，<span class="zhuanming">朔方</span><span class="zhuanming">凶奴</span><span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>破獲<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，斬戮無數。時<span class="zhuanming">始</span>亦遇害，而刀不能傷。<span class="zhuanming">勃勃</span>嗟之，普赦沙門，悉皆不殺。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1174" id="1184">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">魏世祖</span>：<span class="zhuanming">拓跋燾</span>。<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">泰常</span>八年（四二三）十一月即皇帝位。崇儒滅佛，<span class="zhuanming">太延</span>四年（四三八）﹑<span class="zhuanming">太平真君</span>五年（四四四）和七年（四四六），三次下詔毁滅佛法。　<span class="zhuanming">赫連昌</span>：<span class="zhuanming">赫連勃勃</span>第三子。公元四二五年繼位，四二八年被<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>俘虜，公元四三四年叛<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>西逃，途中被殺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1175" id="1185">〔七〕</a>罻羅：捕鳥的網。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">王制</span>：「鳩化爲鷹，然後設罻羅。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「罻，小網也。」<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">九章</span><span class="shuming">惜誦</span>：「矰弋機而在上兮，罻羅張而在下。」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「罻羅，鳥網也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1176" id="1186">〔八〕</a>錫：僧人所持的手杖，即錫杖。杖頭有錫環，振時作錫錫聲，也稱「禪杖」﹑「聲杖」﹑「鳴杖」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1177" id="1187">〔九〕</a>短：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「矩」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00206','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P206</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1178" id="1188">〔一○〕</a>扃鐍：門閂﹑鎖鑰之類。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋</span>：「將爲胠篋﹑投囊﹑發匱之盜而爲守備，則必攝緘縢，固扃鐍，此世俗之所謂知也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「扃，關鈕也；鐍，鎖鑰也。」這裏作動詞，意爲關閉﹑鎖閉。　夷梗：阻塞，阻礙。<span class="shuming">梁書</span><span class="shuming">高帝紀</span>：「元惡未黜，天邑猶梗。」<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七五<span class="shuming">王承傳</span>：「是時道路梗澀，人懷危懼，<span class="zhuanming">承</span>每遇艱險，處之夷然。」　悽然：淒涼悲傷貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">漁父</span>：「客悽然變容曰：『甚矣子之難悟也。』」　按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曇始傳</span>：「至<span class="zhuanming">太平</span>之末，<span class="zhuanming">始</span>知<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>化時將及，以元會之日，忽杖錫到宫門。有司奏云：『有一道人足白於面，從門而入。』<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>令依軍法，屢斬不傷。遽以白<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>大怒，自以所佩劍斫之，體無餘異，唯劍所著處有痕如布線焉。時北園養虎于檻，<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>令以<span class="zhuanming">始</span>餧之，虎皆潛伏，終不敢近。試以天師近檻，虎輒鳴吼。<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>始知佛化尊高，<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>所不能及。即延<span class="zhuanming">始</span>上殿，頂禮足下，悔其諐失。<span class="zhuanming">始</span>爲説法，明辯因果。<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>大生愧懼，遂感癘疾。<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寇</span>二人次發惡病。<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>以過由於彼，於是誅剪二家門族都盡。宣下國中，興復正教。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">太山</span><span class="zhuanming">僧朗</span>，凡聖不名人也。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>六天子降詔問所供聘，皆極世瓌奇寶貨焉。雖珠璣無脛，至人無心，而德之所召，故無遠不届。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至人本無心求於珠玉，珠玉亦無脛足而行，但道德昭感，而無遠皆至也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【晉】<span class="zhuanming">孝武帝</span>也。【魏】<span class="zhuanming">拓跋珪</span>也。【燕】<span class="zhuanming">後燕</span><span class="zhuanming">慕容垂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南燕</span><span class="zhuanming">蒲德</span>也。【秦】<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>。【珠璣】大曰珠，小曰璣。或不園璣。【瓌】古回切，玟瑰也。又，珠園好也。</span> <span>由是德因名顯，名以德固，名德相副，實則永世，故今<span class="zhuanming">金輿谷</span>靈趾不昧矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1190" id="1189">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊州</span><span class="zhuanming">太山</span><span class="zhuanming">神通寺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南燕</span><span class="zhuanming">慕容德</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">僧朗</span>禪師之所立也，以三縣民給之。長廊延袤，千有餘間。三度廢寺，毁之不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00207','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P207</span></i>得。犯者，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>輒見身，以錫杖揮之，垂死求哀如初。有一井，女人臨之即枯，燒香懺求，還復如故。立四百年，至今佛像鮮明如新。衆會不踐，于今儼然。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【副】表裏具曰副。【金輿谷】<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>西北之一岩寺，號<span class="zhuanming">神通</span>。【趾】基也。【袤】音茂，東西曰廣，南北曰袤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1189" id="1190">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧朗</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">竺僧朗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人也。少而遊方問道，長還<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，專當講説。……<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>主<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>欽其德素，遣使徵請，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>同辭老疾乃止，於是月月修書嚫遺。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>後沙汰衆僧，乃别詔曰：『<span class="zhuanming">朗法師</span>戒德冰霜，學徒清秀，<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>一山，不在搜例。』及<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>亦佳歎重。<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>主<span class="zhuanming">慕容德</span>欽<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>名行，假號<span class="zhuanming">東齊王</span>，給以二縣租税，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>讓王而取租税，爲興福業。<span class="zhuanming">晉孝武</span>致書遺，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>主<span class="zhuanming">拓跋珪</span>亦送書致物。其爲時人所敬如此。此谷中舊多虎災，常執仗結群而行，及<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>居之，猛獸歸伏，晨行夜往，道俗無滯，百姓咨嗟，稱善無極，故<span class="zhuanming">奉高</span>人至今猶呼<span class="zhuanming">金輿谷</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">朗公谷</span>也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">西秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>，俱微國也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">西秦</span><span class="zhuanming">乞伏國仁</span>據<span class="zhuanming">河西</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span><span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>據<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>。</span> <span>觀乎聖賢<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法進</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道朗</span>所譯製撰，其國非小焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1194" id="1191">〔一〕</a>。故<span class="shuming">楚書</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span>無以爲寶，唯善以爲寶<a class="zhuhao" href="#1195" id="1192">〔二〕</a>。」否者安得不由五運，遐棄厥荒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1196" id="1193">〔三〕</a>，奄樹社禝，自構一方之鴻業矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聖賢】<span class="zhuanming">西秦</span>高僧。【曇無讖】<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>高僧。【法進道朗】應云<span class="zhuanming">道法</span><span class="zhuanming">進朗</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>附見也。【楚書曰】十二國史中<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span>史也。【唯善以爲寶】史云唯賢以爲寶。善者賢也。【由】用也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1191" id="1194">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二<span class="shuming">曇無讖</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">曇摩懺</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">曇無懺</span>，蓋取<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音不同也，其本<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>以未參土言，又無傳譯，恐言舛於理，不許即翻，於是學語三年，方譯寫<span class="shuming">初分</span>十卷。時沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧嵩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00208','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P208</span></i>朗</span>，獨步<span class="zhuanming">河西</span>，值其宣出經藏，深相推重，轉易<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>文，<span class="zhuanming">嵩公</span>筆受。道俗數百人，疑難縱横，<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>臨機釋滯，清辯若流，兼富於文藻，辭製華密，<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>等更請廣出諸經，次譯<span class="shuming">大集</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大雲</span>﹑<span class="shuming">悲華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">地持</span>﹑<span class="shuming">優婆塞戒</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金光明</span>﹑<span class="shuming">海龍王</span>﹑<span class="shuming">菩薩戒本</span>等六十餘萬言。<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>以<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>本品數未足，還外國究尋，值其母亡，遂留歲餘。後於<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>更得經本<span class="shuming">中分</span>，復還<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>譯之。後又遣使<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>尋得<span class="shuming">後分</span>，於是續譯爲三十三卷。……初<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>在<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，有<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">道進</span>，欲從<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>受菩薩戒。……時沙門<span class="zhuanming">道朗</span>，振譽<span class="zhuanming">關</span>西，當<span class="zhuanming">進</span>感戒之夕，<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>亦通夢。乃自卑戒臘，求爲法弟。於是從<span class="zhuanming">進</span>受者，千有餘人，傳授此法，迄至于今，皆<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>之餘則。」又<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">法進傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法進</span>，或曰<span class="zhuanming">道進</span>，或曰<span class="zhuanming">法迎</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span><span class="zhuanming">張掖</span>人。幼而精苦習誦，有超邁之德，爲<span class="zhuanming">沮渠蒙遜</span>所重。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1192" id="1195">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">大學</span>亦引。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注曰：「<span class="shuming">楚書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚昭王</span>時書也。言以善人爲寶。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1193" id="1196">〔三〕</a>五運：根據五行相生相克的觀點推算出的王朝興替的氣運。<span class="shuming">東觀漢記</span>卷一<span class="shuming">光武紀</span>：「自帝即位，按圖讖，推五運，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>爲火德，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>蒼<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>赤，木生火，赤代蒼。」　遐棄：遠相離棄。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周南</span><span class="shuming">汝墳</span>：「既見君子，不我遐棄。」　荒：邊遠的地方。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">慧約</span>始過志學，已有老風。<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>人謡曰：「少達妙理<span class="zhuanming">婁居士</span>。」既入道，玄德嘉聞，昇爲國師。詔以舊宅爲<span class="zhuanming">本生寺</span>，所居里爲<span class="zhuanming">智者里</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1198" id="1197">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【志學】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>云：吾十有五而志於學。【謡】歌也。【聞】去聲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1197" id="1198">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧約</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">德素</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">婁</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span><span class="zhuanming">烏場</span>人也。……至年十二，始遊于<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>，遍禮塔廟，肆意山川。遠會素心，多究經典，故東境謡曰：『少達妙理<span class="zhuanming">婁居士</span>。』……<span class="zhuanming">中大通</span>四年夢見<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00209','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P209</span></i>舊宅白壁朱門，赫然壯麗，仍發願造寺。詔乃號爲<span class="zhuanming">本生</span>焉。<span class="zhuanming">大同</span>一年又敕改所居<span class="zhuanming">竹山里</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">智者里</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">法上</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高歡</span>受<span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>禪，都<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，稱<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">後周</span>所滅。</span> <span>肇落兩髦，嶷然成器。刻意尚行，頗究玄微，時人以爲聖沙彌。由形色非美，諺云：「黑沙彌若來，高座逢災<a class="zhuhao" href="#1202" id="1199">〔一〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>請爲戒師，掩面布髮令蹈，迺受降君之敬罄矣。<span class="zhuanming">天保</span>中，國置十統，以<span class="zhuanming">上</span>爲大統也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1203" id="1200">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">降，音古巷反。謂降君父之尊，行師資之敬也。<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">洋</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子進</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高歡</span>第三子。時有<span class="zhuanming">爾朱榮</span>之亂，共憂寒餒。帝始生數月，忽欣然曰：「得活耶？」及登位，神武冠絶。至末年，毒虐誅戮，不可言紀。崩年三十六。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【兩髦】下音毛，注曰兒生三月，剪髦爲髻，長大猶爲飾<a class="zhuhao" href="#1204" id="1201">〔三〕</a>。而總二角而爲兩髦。【嶷然】上魚力切，注其皃。岐岐然意有所知也，嶷嶷然哉有所别也。【刻意尚行】劉峻其意，高尚其行。【諺】時俗言也。【高座】古者講師曰當仁，逢沙彌曰高座，或云法師。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1199" id="1202">〔一〕</a>高座：佛教講經説法者所踞的牀座。以其高於聽衆之座，故曰高座。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1200" id="1203">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">法上</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法上</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">劉氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>人也。五歲入學，七日通章。六歲隨叔寺中觀戲，情無鼓舞，但禮佛讀經，而聲氣爽拔，衆人奔遶，傾渴觀聽。年登八歲，略覽經誥，薄盡其理。九歲得<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>，披而誦之，即生厭世。至于十二，投禪師<span class="zhuanming">道藥</span>而出家焉。因遊<span class="zhuanming">相土</span>，尋還<span class="zhuanming">汲鄉</span>，又往東都栖遑務道。神氣高爽，照曉詞論，所在推之，咸謂『聖沙彌』也。後潛<span class="zhuanming">林慮</span><span class="zhuanming">上胡山寺</span>誦<span class="shuming">維摩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法花</span>，纔浹二旬，兩部俱度，因誦求解，還入<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。博洞清玄，名聞<span class="zhuanming">伊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">滏</span>。年暨學歲，創講<span class="shuming">法花</span>。酬抗疑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00210','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P210</span></i>難，無不嘆伏。善機問，好徵覈，决通非據，昌言勝負，而形色非美，故時人諺曰：黑沙彌若來，高座逢災也。……初，<span class="zhuanming">天保</span>之中，國置十統。有司聞奏，事須甄異。<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>乃手注狀云：<span class="zhuanming">上法師</span>可爲大統，餘爲通統。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1201" id="1204">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">既夕禮</span>：「既殯，主人説髦。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「兒生三月，翦髮爲鬌，男角女羈，否則男左女右，長大猶爲飾存之，謂之髦。所以順父母幼小之心。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">靈藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>龍潛之友也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1208" id="1205">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">隋高祖</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">大統</span>七年生<span class="zhuanming">馮翊</span><span class="zhuanming">般若寺</span>，紫氣充庭，襲爵<span class="zhuanming">隋國公</span>。<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>爲太子聘帝長女。<span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">劉昉</span>等以帝輔政，帝爲丞相。帝崩，受<span class="zhuanming">周</span>禪，在位十二年。潛龍日與<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>爲深友。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【帝崩】應云帝後受<span class="zhuanming">周</span>禪。【在位二十四年】云二十年，悮。</span> <span>既御極，彌篤舊素，敕其宫閽<a class="zhuhao" href="#1209" id="1206">〔二〕</a>：入則未吾禁也，出亦如之。而坐則同榻，行則同輦。曰：「弟子爲俗人天子，律師爲道人天子<a class="zhuhao" href="#1210" id="1207">〔三〕</a>。」今謂帝王之言過矣。君言則書，何可戲焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君之左右，所舉必書，左史記言，右史記動。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【過】平聲，越禮曰過。</span> <span>夫愛人不失其義，則其愛遠矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1205" id="1208">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">靈藏</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一有傳。　龍潛：喻帝王未即位。語出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「潛龍勿用，陽氣潛藏。」<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四八<span class="shuming">爰延傳</span>：「陛下以<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>尹<span class="zhuanming">鄧萬</span>有龍潛之舊，封爲<span class="zhuanming">通侯</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1206" id="1209">〔二〕</a>閽：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一二上：「閽，常以昏閉門隸也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1207" id="1210">〔三〕</a>道人：僧徒。早期佛經多稱僧徒爲道人。<span class="shuming">陔餘叢考</span>卷三八<span class="shuming">僧稱</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">葉石林</span><span class="shuming">避暑録</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>間佛家初行，其徒猶未有僧稱，通曰道人。按<span class="shuming">齊書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>有<span class="zhuanming">僧達</span>道人講座。<span class="zhuanming">東昏</span>至<span class="zhuanming">蔣山</span><span class="zhuanming">定林寺</span>，一沙門<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00211','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P211</span></i>病不能避，去藏草間，帝將殺之，<span class="zhuanming">韓暉光</span>曰：老道人可念。是也。」業師<span class="zhuanming">項楚</span>先生<span class="shuming">王梵志詩校注</span>：「其實僧徒稱道人，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>以後仍未盡廢。<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span><span class="shuming">杏花</span>：『明年更發應更好，道人（原注：謂寺僧）莫忘鄰家翁。』」　按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">釋靈藏傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋靈藏</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span><span class="zhuanming">新豐</span>人也。……<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>與<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>布衣知友，情款綢狎。及龍飛兹始，彌結深衷，禮讓崇敦，光價朝宰。……宫闈嚴衛，來往難阻，帝卒須見，頻闕朝謁，乃敕諸門，不須安籍，任<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>往返。及處内禁，與帝等倫，坐必同榻，行必同輿。經綸國務，雅會天鑒。有時住宿，即邇寢殿。嚫錫之費，蓋無競矣。<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>四年，<span class="zhuanming">關輔</span>亢旱，帝引民衆就給<span class="zhuanming">洛州</span>，敕<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>同行，共通聖化。既達所在，歸投極多，帝聞之告曰：『弟子是俗人天子，律師爲道人天子。』」</span> </p><p> <span>歲苦旱，雩而不雨，國人騷非有年<a class="zhuhao" href="#1216" id="1211">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【雩】音于，請雨祭名。【年】禾熟曰年。</span> <span>帝以聽於神，無若聽於聖人也，迺請<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>於<span class="zhuanming">大興殿</span>登御座，南面傳戒，帝命朝宰席北面跪受，不崇朝而雨焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1217" id="1212">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崇朝】崇，終也。朝，前辰是。不終已而雨也。</span> <span>衣與食皆出自帝宫，傳自帝手。尋昇爲平等沙門，於所犯者，兩造具備，然後泣而懲之<a class="zhuhao" href="#1218" id="1213">〔三〕</a>。哀敬刑書，弘<span class="zhuanming">大禹</span>之悼罰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1219" id="1214">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人，幼而聰慧。沙彌時有<span class="zhuanming">薛居士</span>，因書四字示之：方圓動静。令體之，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>應聲曰：「方如方等城，圓如智惠日，動則比識浪，静類涅槃室。」<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>驚駭。後著<span class="shuming">涅槃經疏</span>十五卷，於舍利塔前祈請，放光夜燭也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1220" id="1215">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尋昇】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云拜昇爲平等沙門也。【兩造】因證見謂兩造至也。【悼罰】上哀泣也，下罪。<span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>見罪人，下車泣云：是何過也？」<span class="shuming">説苑</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>見罪人，下車<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00212','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P212</span></i>泣而問之，左右曰：『夫罪人不順，故使之然焉。聖何爲痛之？』<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之民，皆以<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之心爲心。今寡人爲君也，百姓各自以其心爲心，是以痛之。』<span class="shuming">書</span>云『百姓有罪，在于一人』者也。」【蒲州】今<span class="zhuanming">河中府</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1211" id="1216">〔一〕</a>雩：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一一下：「雩，夏祭樂于<span class="zhuanming">赤帝</span>，以祈甘雨也。」　騷：憂愁。　有年：豐年。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">多士</span>：「今爾惟時宅爾邑，繼爾居，爾厥有幹有年于兹<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「汝其有安事有豐年於此<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1212" id="1217">〔二〕</a>崇朝：終朝，從天亮到早飯時，比喻時間短暫，猶言一個早晨。崇，通「終」。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">鄘風</span><span class="shuming">蝃蝀</span>：「朝隮于西，崇朝其雨。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「崇，終也。從旦至食時爲終朝。」　按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇延</span>，俗緣<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人也。……帝遂躬事祈雨，請<span class="zhuanming">延</span>於<span class="zhuanming">大興殿</span>登御座，南面授法。帝及朝宰五品已上，咸席地北面而受八戒。戒授纔訖，日正中時，天有片雲，須臾遍佈，便降甘雨，遠邇咸感。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1213" id="1218">〔三〕</a>兩造：訴訟雙方，即原告和被告。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">吕刑</span>：「兩造具備，師聽五辭。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「兩謂囚﹑證；造，至也。」<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「敕又拜爲平第沙門，有犯刑網者，皆對之泣淚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1214" id="1219">〔四〕</a>哀敬：悲痛莊敬。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">禮論</span>：「故喪禮者無他焉，明死生之義，送以哀敬而終周藏也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1215" id="1220">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>乃戲題四字，謂方圓動静，命<span class="zhuanming">延</span>體之。<span class="zhuanming">延</span>應聲曰：『方如方等城，圓如智慧日，動則識波浪，静類涅槃室。』<span class="zhuanming">薛</span>驚異絶歎，曰：『由來所未見，希世挺生，即斯人也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>帝嘗欲試沙門器度，廣搜嘯于殿廷。敕禁甲虎賁，奮劒逐之。唯<span class="zhuanming">敬脱</span>步武若暇，逶迤而退<a class="zhuhao" href="#1223" id="1221">〔一〕</a>。帝美其弘遠，命昇殿，錫法物道服，旌其異也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1224" id="1222">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">敬脱</span>，常擔母學業，善大書，筆如臂，管長三尺。方丈書一字，更不脩整。<span class="zhuanming">隋文</span>命上殿，賜大竹扇，面闊三尺，即令執用。並賜<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00213','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P213</span></i>松枸高屐，令著。從宫中出，帝自送之，曰：「誠僧傑也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘯】蘇吊切，聚也。【虎賁】下音奔，勇也。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>有虎賁，掌王前虎。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，戎車三百兩，虎賁三百人也。【武】步也。【逶迤】上音威，下音移，容止閑行皃。【錫】賜也。【松枸】下音矩，木名，出<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，子可食，<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>謂之木蜜。其木近酒能薄味，爲履治脚氣。枹，悮。【屧】先叶切，履中薦，恐字悮。宜屐，音劇，履用木爲底，以障泥水曰屧，可思。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1221" id="1223">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">敬脱</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一二有傳。　步武：脚步。　逶迤：舒展自如貌。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">遠遊</span>：「駕八龍之婉婉兮，載雲旗之逶蛇。」<span class="zhuanming">王夫之</span><span class="shuming">通釋</span>：「逶蛇，音威夷，曲折自如貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1222" id="1224">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">敬脱傳</span>：「帝欲試諸大德誰爲剛亮，通命引入<span class="zhuanming">允武殿</span>。敕監門郎將<span class="zhuanming">段文操</span>拔刀逐之令走。諸大德並趨步速往，唯<span class="zhuanming">脱</span>緩步如常，語<span class="zhuanming">操</span>曰：『卿何事以此相逼？』及上殿坐，語論佛理。帝徐顧<span class="zhuanming">操</span>曰：『衆僧素不知俗法，監門何得催耶？』私異<span class="zhuanming">脱</span>之大志也。敕賜大竹扇，面闊三尺，即令執用。並賜松抱高屧，令著於宫中而出。帝自送之，曰：『誠僧傑矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span>觀乎<span class="zhuanming">仁壽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>，天下大定，亦以善之至也。而智不圖遠，家愛不臧，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臧，善也。家愛謂<span class="zhuanming">煬帝</span>承父之大業而不修令德，荒惑女色，以至亡敗矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臧】善也，厚也。【煬】音漾，炙也。</span> <span>遂使卜世不永，故吾教以福慧爲兩濟，闕則何言哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1226" id="1225">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">隋</span>三帝共三十八年矣，而禪于<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【卜世】龜曰卜，蓍曰筮。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>定鼎，卜世三十有七，卜年七百是也。【濟】去聲，答也。【禪】音膳，代也，讓也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1225" id="1226">〔一〕</a>卜世：通過占卜預測傳國的世數。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>定鼎于<span class="zhuanming">郟鄏</span>，卜世三十，卜年七百，天所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00214','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P214</span></i>命也。」這裏指國運。　福慧：福德與智慧。此兩者，是佛﹑菩薩的兩種莊嚴。　濟：濟渡。</span> </p><p> <span>古者有德而爵，有功而禄，而沙門有至卿大夫爵禄者也；古者生名﹑冠字﹑死謚，而沙門有至侯伯之謚者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子生二十，冠而字，字以表德也。殁而立謚<a class="zhuhao" href="#1236" id="1227">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人以諱事神，名終將諱之，故易之以謚。古者無賜紫衣﹑師号者，有賜謚号者，如<span class="zhuanming">定蘭</span>賜謚<span class="zhuanming">覺性</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【卿大夫】九卿二十七大夫。【冠字】表德。【謚】音示，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>造謚法。</span> <span>悲夫，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人竄<span class="zhuanming">跋陁</span>於<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1237" id="1228">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">跋陁</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">覺賢</span>。一日誦習，敵餘人一月。自<span class="zhuanming">中印土</span>至<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>論議，甚有神異。爲<span class="zhuanming">僧䂮</span>等謗，逐之往<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，譯經一百餘卷，七十一而卒。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏后</span>辟<span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>於<span class="zhuanming">平城</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1238" id="1229">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高</span>生而神異，<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋燾</span>僭據<span class="zhuanming">平城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>與太子<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>善，<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>被讒，父疑<span class="zhuanming">高</span>，又爲<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寇謙</span>等譖帝。帝怒，縶而殺之。光明至寺，弟子方知，遂請尸欲葬之。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>復起，備言吉凶而卒。出<span class="shuming">梁傳</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【平城】<span class="zhuanming">白登</span>也。或云今<span class="zhuanming">朔州</span>也。昔<span class="zhuanming">漢祖</span>西征，受困於此，<span class="zhuanming">陳平</span>用計免之。城上現有<span class="zhuanming">美女臺</span>。【寇謙】道士<span class="zhuanming">寇謙之</span>也。諸本皆冠者，悮。【縶】陟立切，繫也，拘也。</span> <span>苟非其時，雖聖賢，尚致危身之酷，豈止泣麟傷鳳而已哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1239" id="1230">〔四〕</a>！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泣麟】謂<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>下車泣麟，詳之前矣。【傷鳳】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：鳳鳥不至，<span class="zhuanming">河</span>不出圖，吾也已矣。蓋傷不與嘉瑞遇時。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">漢文</span>優賢而<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>猶謫<a class="zhuhao" href="#1240" id="1231">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢文</span>仁聖，而<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>賢才，猶謫<span class="zhuanming">長沙</span>而卒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誼】音義。【長沙】<span class="zhuanming">潭州</span><span class="zhuanming">長沙郡</span>。【謫】陟格切，責也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>禮士而<span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>就誅<a class="zhuhao" href="#1241" id="1232">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">文舉</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>誅之。<span class="zhuanming">融</span>二子八九歲，方弈棋不起。左右曰：「父見誅，何不起耶？」二子曰：「豈有覆巢之下，復有完其卵<a class="zhuhao" href="#1242" id="1233">〔七〕</a>乎？」尋，俱收而死也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1243" id="1234">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span>豈非通塞之命，懸於時運哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1244" id="1235">〔九〕</a>？</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00215','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P215</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1227" id="1236">〔一〕</a>謚：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「溢」字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1228" id="1237">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">跋陁</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1229" id="1238">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1230" id="1239">〔四〕</a>泣麟：哀泣世衰道窮。<span class="shuming">公羊傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公十四年</span>：「十有四年春，西狩獲麟……麟者，仁獸也。有王者則至，無王者則不至。有以告者，曰『有麕而角者』。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『孰爲來哉！孰爲來哉！』反袂拭面，涕沾袍。」又：「西狩獲麟。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾道窮矣。』」<span class="zhuanming">何休</span>注：「麟者太平之符，聖人之類，時得麟而死，此亦天告夫子將没之徵，故云爾。」　傷鳳：典出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子曰：『鳳鳥不至，<span class="zhuanming">河</span>不出圖，吾已矣夫。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1231" id="1240">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">漢文</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢文帝</span><span class="zhuanming">劉恒</span>（公元前二○三—前一五七年）。　<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>（公元前二○○—前一六八年），<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>人。年十八，能誦詩屬書，聞於郡中，<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>召爲博士。因遭群臣忌恨，被貶爲<span class="zhuanming">長沙王</span>太傅。後又爲<span class="zhuanming">梁懷王</span>太傅。<span class="zhuanming">梁懷王</span>墜馬死，<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>深自歉疚，憂傷而死，年三十三歲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1232" id="1241">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>：<span class="zhuanming">魏武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>（公元一五五—公元二二○年），提出「唯才是舉」，先後三次下「求賢令」。<span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>（公元一五三—二○八年）與<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>政治上有分歧，每多乖忤，終爲<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>所殺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1233" id="1242">〔七〕</a>卵：原誤作「卯」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1234" id="1243">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">言語</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔融</span>被收，中外惶怖。時<span class="zhuanming">融</span>兒大者九歲，小者八歲，二兒故琢釘戲，了無遽容。<span class="zhuanming">融</span>謂使者曰：『冀罪止於身，二兒可得全不？』兒徐進曰：『大人豈見覆巢之下，復有完卵乎？』尋亦收至。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00216','1865867',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P216</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1235" id="1244">〔九〕</a>通塞：境遇之順逆。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">節</span>：「象曰：不出户庭，知通塞也。」</span> </p><p> <span>余嘗適莽蒼之野<a class="zhuhao" href="#1248" id="1245">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">莽蒼，郊野也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莽蒼之野】郊坰之間也。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云「適莽蒼者一餐而反，覆猶果然」是也。</span> <span>遭鮮風騰馥，爲之四顧，得紫芝數本於衰叢之末，而野燒所及，莖蓋毁缺，迺擷而翫之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">擷，胡結反。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鮮】上音仙，清風也。【風騰】轉也。【馥】音服，香氣芬馥。【紫芝】瑞草也。<span class="shuming">論衡</span>云：「土氣和而芝草生瑞。」<span class="shuming">命禮</span>云：王者仁慈則草生。其芝有六種，謂赤者如珊瑚，白者如載膏，黑者如漆，青者如翠羽，黄者如紫金，紫者如朝袍，皆可食，令人延年。<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span><span class="zhuanming">少</span>間時有生石上者，最爲奇瑞，故縣爲<span class="zhuanming">芝田縣</span>也。【燒】音少，放火也。【擷】胡結切，將取也。</span> <span>但顧拙於所庸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1249" id="1246">〔二〕</a>，日暮，寘石上而歸。他日登朱門，覩瓊籠之中，巾以文繡，與余之先見者奚異也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1250" id="1247">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庸】用也。【寘】支義切，置也。【瓊籠】玉檻也。【奚】何也。</span> <span>但遇不遇也，惜乎！人之於人，何莫若是哉！</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1245" id="1248">〔一〕</a>莽蒼：指迷茫的郊野。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「適莽蒼者，三飡而返，腹猶果然。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「莽蒼，郊野之色，遥望之不甚分明也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1246" id="1249">〔二〕</a>庸：用。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三下：「庸，用也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1247" id="1250">〔三〕</a>朱門：紅漆大門，指貴族豪富之家。<span class="shuming">抱朴子外篇</span><span class="shuming">嘉遯</span>：「背朝華於朱門，保恬寂乎蓬户。」　文繡：刺繡華美的絲織品。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天運</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">師金</span>曰：『夫芻狗之未陳也，盛以篋衍，巾以文繡，尸祝齋戒以將之。及其已陳也，行者踐其首脊，蘇者取而爨之而已。』」</span> </p></div></div></div>
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明方以智藥地炮莊卷二引文一條
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133724" key="1133724"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録四　歷代文獻徵引北山録文舉要 &gt; 明方以智藥地炮莊卷二引文一條 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133725" key="1133725"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00841','1865900',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P841</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000053">明方以智藥地炮莊卷二引文一條</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>告<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>云：刑不天命，役無勞力，則風雨順時，百穀滋茂。如此持齊，齊亦大矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">（按：見<span class="shuming">釋賓問</span>第八。）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">康熙</span><span class="zhuanming">此藏轩</span>刻本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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至化第六
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133728" key="1133728"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第三 &gt; 至化第六 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133729" key="1133729"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00217','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P217</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000017">至化第六<span class="font12 zhu">明<span class="zhuanming">大覺</span>以悲智之心，行至極之化。</span></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>恭己，萬靈作輔，利見爲心，匡救爲功<a class="zhuhao" href="#1265" id="1251">〔一〕</a>，光宅天下者化<a class="zhuhao" href="#1266" id="1252">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天龍翼奉，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>宗師，統三界以居尊，揔四生而並化<a class="zhuhao" href="#1267" id="1253">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恭己】<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：無爲而治者，其<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>也與？夫何爲哉？恭己正南面而已矣。又：其行己也恭。【匡】音筐，輔正也，助也。【翼奉】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本是泰字，悮。</span> <span>或作大夫，或作人王。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">應以宰官小王等現化。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王】官也，宰也。</span> <span>洎百工<span class="zhuanming">鬻香長者</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">廣大國</span>有<span class="zhuanming">鬻香長者</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅</span>，善别知一切香，亦知和合一切香法。燒塗末等，又知出處。有香名象藏，因龍鬭生。若燒一丸，起大香雲，彌覆王都，於七日中雨細香，雨著身，樓閣衣服，悉作金色。<span class="zhuanming">摩羅耶山</span>有栴檀，名牛頭香，若以塗身，設入火坈，火不能燒。<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>有香名阿盧那，衆生嗅者，離諸染欲<a class="zhuhao" href="#1268" id="1254">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿盧那】諸本州字，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">濟海舡師</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1269" id="1255">〔五〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">南方有城<span class="zhuanming">樓閣</span>，中有舡師，名<span class="zhuanming">婆施羅</span>。在其海上，與百千商人方便開示佛功德法，度脱衆生。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【南方有城樓閣中】經云：南方有城，名曰<span class="zhuanming">樓閣</span>，中有船師也。【峰上】海上是，峰上悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">苦行外道</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1270" id="1256">〔六〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">都薩羅城</span><span class="zhuanming">善得山</span>，有外道名<span class="zhuanming">遍行</span>。爲人演説一切世間巧術伎藝，又能調伏九十六種外道，令其捨離所有諸見。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">戲沙童子</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1271" id="1257">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">南方<span class="zhuanming">自在童子</span>於<span class="zhuanming">名聞國</span>河渚之中，與十千童子聚沙爲戲。此童子於一切衆生名﹑一切業名﹑一切諦名，皆悉了知。</span> <span>其有益於生民者而無不爲也。或悶悶焉示之以朴，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">悶悶，昏愚皃。</span> <span>或察察焉示之以智，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">察察，明達皃。</span> <span>或行行焉示之以勇，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">行行，剛强皃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【行行】下浪切。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00218','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P218</span></i><span class="shuming">語</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>行行如也。」注云：剛强之皃<a class="zhuhao" href="#1272" id="1258">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span>或衎衎焉示之以和，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">衎衎，和樂皃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衎衎】苦旱切，樂也。<span class="shuming">語</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span><span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>衎衎如也。」衎偘者同。</span> <span>而不得求之一致也，不可捨一以求之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不得求之一致也】<span class="shuming">内德論</span>云：不可以一相求，不可以一名定也。</span> <span>故或噏或闢，或顯或晦，或窪或隆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">噏，聚也。闢，開也。顯，明也。晦，暗也。窪，低深也。隆，高顯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【噏】音吸，用内息也。【顯】明也，光也。【窪】烏瓜切，深也。</span> <span>將得之，又失之；將依之，又違之。其德淵乎，其迹渝乎，其表覺乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#1273" id="1259">〔九〕</a>，其影訛乎，其音揚乎，其響塞乎，誠莫可徵其微也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淵】深不可測也。【渝】解朱切，薄濫也。【表】形表。【覺】大也，明也。【其影訛乎】訛，謬也。【徵】明也，求索也。【微】妙也。</span> <span>是以真道焉可以脩身，權道焉可以御化<a class="zhuhao" href="#1274" id="1260">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">真道，滿教也，不專利己。權道，半教也，不能兼濟。御，攝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【御】理也。</span> <span>真道不可以暫廢，故混而不滓；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">在果不增，居因不減。隨常流而不溺，處群萃而不異故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1275" id="1261">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【滓】壯里切，穢也。</span> <span>權道不可以久立，故捨而合道也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">設權暫用故，不可久立，須歸常道也。</span> <span>而真道終終焉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上終字，周圓也。下終字，三祇之果，乃是終竟之處。六度萬行之真道，能周圓三祇之果也。</span> <span>權道始始焉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上始字，初發也。下始字，五戒﹑十善﹑小聖之行等也。佛開此權宜之教，以爲初發趣入之始也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>行三逆而終得授記，三逆亦有報也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1276" id="1262">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">天受</span>，佛之堂弟，<span class="zhuanming">斛飯王</span>之子。從天神乞得，故常與佛爲冤。以石打佛，脚損。出佛身血，破和合僧，殺比丘尼，是三逆罪。雖入地獄，<span class="zhuanming">靈山</span>會上亦得授記。三逆之報，豈徒然哉？<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00219','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P219</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【始】初也。【終】極也。【天授】宜此受字。</span> <span>聖記顯復歸乎本也。常不輕禮四衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#1277" id="1263">〔一三〕</a>，誠則失儀，但劫濁難化，而聖善用時，寄迹申禮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1278" id="1264">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>常不輕菩薩，恒禮四衆而得成佛。應權逐時者，以時多輕慢故，盛行禮敬而化之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【申禮】伸也授記終，工也禮始終也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1251" id="1265">〔一〕</a>恭己：恭謹以律己。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「子曰：『無爲而治者，其<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>也與？夫何爲哉？恭己正南面而已矣。』」　萬靈：衆神。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">封禪書</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>接萬靈明廷。」這裏指<span class="zhuanming">四天王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">堅牢地祇</span>等護持佛法之神。　利見：這裏指見佛。　匡救：匡正補救。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1252" id="1266">〔二〕</a>光宅：廣有。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">堯典序</span>：「昔在<span class="zhuanming">帝堯</span>，聰明文思，光宅天下。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>疏：「光，充也。」　化：佛教謂佛﹑菩薩爲了濟度衆生，而變化出現種種的佛身。此能變化之心，有十四種，所變化之相，有八種。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1253" id="1267">〔三〕</a>天龍：諸天與龍神。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span><span class="shuming">序品</span>：「天龍恭敬，不以爲喜。」　翼奉：猶擁戴。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷六六<span class="shuming">侯安都傳</span>：「還軍至<span class="zhuanming">南皖</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">安都</span>隨<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>還朝，乃與群臣議，翼奉<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>。」　四生：胎生﹑卵生﹑湿生﹑化生，包括世間一切有情衆生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1254" id="1268">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鬻香長者</span>：又稱<span class="zhuanming">青蓮華香長者</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅華香長者</span>，<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經</span>卷六七<span class="shuming">入法界品</span>末會中<span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>參訪的五十三位善知識之一。<span class="zhuanming">善財</span>至<span class="zhuanming">廣大國</span>，參詣<span class="zhuanming">鬻香長者</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鬻香</span>爲其解説「調和一切香法」。<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經</span>卷六七<span class="shuming">入法界品</span>：「於此南方有一國土，名爲<span class="zhuanming">廣大</span>。有<span class="zhuanming">鬻香長者</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">優鉢羅華</span>。」「長者」爲佛經中有德尊高者之稱。　染欲：貪戀世俗情欲。佛教稱貪婪外物爲「染」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1255" id="1269">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">濟海舡師</span>：<span class="zhuanming">婆施羅船師</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">自在海師</span>，<span class="zhuanming">樓閣城</span>的船師。<span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>參訪的五十三位善知識之一。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00220','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P220</span></i><span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>至<span class="zhuanming">樓閣</span>大城，參詣<span class="zhuanming">婆施羅船師</span>，<span class="zhuanming">婆施羅</span>爲其解説「大悲幢行」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1256" id="1270">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">苦行外道</span>：<span class="zhuanming">遍行外道</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">隨順一切衆生外道</span>。<span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>參訪的五十三位善知識之一。<span class="zhuanming">善財</span>至<span class="zhuanming">都薩羅城</span>，參詣<span class="zhuanming">遍行外道</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遍行外道</span>爲其解説「至一切處菩薩行門」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1257" id="1271">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">戲沙童子</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">自在主童子</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">釋天主童子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">善財童子</span>參訪的五十三位善知識之一。<span class="zhuanming">善財</span>至<span class="zhuanming">名聞國</span>河渚中，參詣<span class="zhuanming">自在主童子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">自在主</span>爲其解説「一切工巧神通智法門」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1258" id="1272">〔八〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">閔子</span>侍側，誾誾如也；<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>，行行如也；<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>，偘偘如也。子樂。『若<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也，不得其死然。』」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>曰：『樂各盡其性，行行，剛强之貌。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1259" id="1273">〔九〕</a>淵：深遠。　渝：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一一上：「渝，變污也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1260" id="1274">〔一○〕</a>真道：真實之道。<span class="shuming">瞿醯經</span>卷下：「我行真道，何用咒術事耶？」　權道：變通之道。參<span class="shuming">法籍興</span>篇注「權實」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1261" id="1275">〔一一〕</a>常流：長河。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">屈原賈生列傳</span>：「寧赴常流而葬乎江魚腹中耳，又安能以皓皓之白而蒙世俗之温蠖乎！」<span class="zhuanming">司馬貞</span><span class="shuming">索隱</span>：「常流，猶長流也。」　群萃：同類。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷三七<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">謝平原内史表</span>：「擢自群萃，累蒙榮進。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「<span class="shuming">國語</span>曰：『群萃而同處。』<span class="zhuanming">賈逵</span>曰：『萃，亦處也。』」<span class="zhuanming">吕向</span>注：「萃，聚也。言拔於群聚之中。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1262" id="1276">〔一二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>：即「<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">釋尊</span>在法華會上，述往世爲棄位國王，<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>爲仙人，使他具足一切佛法，至於成佛。　授記：音譯「和伽羅」，指預言成佛，即佛對發心之衆生授與將來必當成佛的記别。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00221','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P221</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1263" id="1277">〔一三〕</a>四衆：指比丘﹑比丘尼﹑優婆塞﹑優婆夷。即出家和在家的佛教男女信徒。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1264" id="1278">〔一四〕</a>劫濁：五濁之一。佛教認爲塵世濁惡不堪，稱爲「五濁惡世」。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">道鏡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善導</span><span class="shuming">念佛鏡</span><span class="shuming">念佛出三界門</span>：「是故<span class="zhuanming">韋提希</span>厭<span class="zhuanming">娑婆世界</span>﹑五濁惡世。何者爲五？一者劫濁，謂疫病﹑饑饉﹑刀兵等劫。二者煩惱濁，一切衆生，多諸結使。三者命濁，壽命不長。四者見濁，誹謗不信。五者衆生濁，無其人行。」<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">方便品</span>：「劫濁亂時，衆生垢重。」佛教謂人壽本爲八萬四千歲，後因德薄，壽命亦隨著百年減一歲，減至二萬歲時，即步入劫濁。　寄迹：暫時託身。　申禮：施禮。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人猶競，而申禮於敝邑。」<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷一四<span class="shuming">敬佛篇第六</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">道宣</span>）律師積德高遠，抱素日久，忽有一天來至律師所，致敬申禮，具叙暄涼。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span><span class="zhuanming">優陀延王</span>與<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>少相厚善<a class="zhuhao" href="#1281" id="1279">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">頗羅墮</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">摩利山</span>，不入涅槃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【優陀延王】<span class="shuming">西域記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">鄔陀衍那</span>，或名<span class="zhuanming">優填</span>，訛略也，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">出愛王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">中印</span><span class="zhuanming">憍賞彌國</span>王也。【少相】上去下平。</span> <span>王每至，<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>不爲之起。左右請王用治法，王曰：「事既矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既，已也。前度不起之事已了。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【已】身己也。</span> <span>須吾後往。」異日王至，<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>念欲不起，恐王害己，墮於地獄；念欲爲起，慮損王福，失於國位，俄復裁之：「失國之重，不甚惡道。起愈不起，宜從愈也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1282" id="1280">〔二〕</a>。」乃前逆王七步。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【之重】上聲，厚也。【愈】勝也。【逆】迎也。</span> <span>王駭其無恒，<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>曰：「吾前慮王失位也。今將爲我害故，不獲其慮也。」王曰：「吾失國幾何？」對曰：「後七日，當亡國七年矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【駭】驚也。【無恒】不常也。【幾何】上上聲，問失國之數。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00222','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P222</span></i>【亡國七年】外國王彼，虜囚七年放之也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1279" id="1281">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">優陀延</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">優填</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">鄔陀衍那</span>」等，<span class="zhuanming">拘睒彌國</span>（又作「<span class="zhuanming">憍賞彌國</span>」）王名，意譯「出愛」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">憍賞彌國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄔陀衍那王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">出愛</span>，舊云<span class="zhuanming">優填王</span>，訛也。」　<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>：十六羅漢中之第一<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧尊者</span>，永住於世，現白頭長眉之相，名<span class="zhuanming">賓頭盧</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">頗羅墮</span>。此人原爲<span class="zhuanming">拘舍彌城</span><span class="zhuanming">優陀延王</span>之臣，王以其精勤，使之出家，證阿羅漢果。而對於白衣妄弄神通，爲佛呵責，不得住於<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>，使往化<span class="zhuanming">西瞿耶尼洲</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">閻浮</span>四衆思見之，白佛，佛聽還，而不聽入於涅槃，使永住於<span class="zhuanming">南天</span>之<span class="zhuanming">摩梨山</span>，度佛滅後之衆生。詳參<span class="shuming">賓頭盧突羅闍爲優陀延王説法經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1280" id="1282">〔二〕</a>惡道：指地獄﹑餓鬼﹑畜生三道。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">維摩詰經講經文</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">持世</span>告假<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>曰：『我修行日久，悟法分明，不可取你人情，交我再沉惡道。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">僧稠</span>見<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>，無將送<a class="zhuhao" href="#1286" id="1283">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>。都<span class="zhuanming">河東</span>，在位十年崩。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【將】平呼。行也，辭也。【都河東】<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>都<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>時，倖<span class="zhuanming">晉陽</span>，非都。</span> <span>帝密納邪譖，兼之以讖忌黑衣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時有譖<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>云：「見王不起，有輕君慢主之志。」又有讖云：「黑衣當王。」<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>著緇衣，疑應也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譖】莊蔭切，讒毁也。【讖】楚沁切，<span class="shuming">讖書釋名</span>：纖也，其義纖微也。【緇】黑也，繒也。</span> <span>覬異日往，以大不敬除之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覬】音冀。</span> <span>比大駕幸山中，<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>出山二十里，孤立道側。帝曰：「嘗他日不吾爾，今則然。」<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>曰：「恐身血不浄，穢污僧房耳。」帝内戁，請以身負<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>還所止，<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>固不受命焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1287" id="1284">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不受負還之命也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【比】音毗，近也。【污】染也，穢也。【戁】女板切，忌也，散也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「君子之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00223','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P223</span></i>道，或出或處，或默或語。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1288" id="1285">〔三〕</a>言隨應變時也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂邦有道則智，邦無道則愚。用之則行，捨之則藏也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【處】上聲。【語】上聲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1283" id="1286">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧稠</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六有傳。<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>：<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>。代<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>稱帝，建立<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，是爲<span class="zhuanming">文宣帝</span>。　將送：送行。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷七六<span class="shuming">循吏列傳</span><span class="shuming">劉寵</span>：「母疾，棄官去。百姓將送塞道，車不得進，乃輕服遁歸。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1284" id="1287">〔二〕</a>戁：慚愧。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">僧稠傳</span>：「時或讒<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>於<span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>以倨傲無敬者，帝大怒，自來加害，<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>冥知之。生來不至僧廚，忽無何而到。云：『明有大客至，多作供設。』至夜五更，先備牛輿，獨往谷口，去寺二十餘里，孤立道側。須臾帝至，怪問其故。<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>曰：『恐身血不浄，穢汙伽藍，在此候耳。』帝下馬拜伏，愧悔無已。謂尚書令<span class="zhuanming">楊遵彦</span>曰：『如此真人，何可毁謗也。』乃躬負<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>身往寺，<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>磬折不受。帝曰：『弟子負師，遍天下未足謝愆』云云。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1285" id="1288">〔三〕</a>出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>夫富有天下者﹑貴有人民者，視行藝猶雞犬牛馬之類耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#1295" id="1289">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【行藝】上胡孟切，景迹也，事也，言也；下魚祭切，才能也，其數有六：禮﹑樂﹑書﹑算﹑射﹑御。</span> <span>其始以能知時，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雞也。</span> <span>能吠守，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">犬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【吠守】吠，鳴也。下防守也。</span> <span>能致遠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">牛也。任重致遠。</span> <span>能代勞</span> <span class="font12 zhu">馬也。</span> <span>而悦之，終不以其能而不殺之，而不食之，而不皮毛用之，故彼慎恃其賞<a class="zhuhao" href="#1296" id="1290">〔二〕</a>，而懼及其害，尚寡乎吉也，況道德者？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此等禽畜，雖獲賞愛，猶及誅害。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【食】音石，食也。【皮毛用之】譬諸獸，人食其肉，寢處其皮。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>文也。</span> <span>若奇禽異獸，爲萬井不急之用<a class="zhuhao" href="#1297" id="1291">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">井，鄉井也。九家爲井。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00224','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P224</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禽異獸】<span class="shuming">字<a class="zhuhao" href="#1298" id="1292">〔四〕</a>林</span>云：「兩足曰禽，四足曰獸也。」</span> <span>其或遭一士之所悦，其能久乎？而至德之世，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上古之時也。</span> <span>鳥巢可窺，麋鹿可羇者，何以殺機微也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1299" id="1293">〔五〕</a>？後世高其巢，遠其人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">禽則高巢，獸則遠人，懼殺戮故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【窺】視也。【麋】音眉，冬至解其角也。【羇】居宜切，馬絆也。【機】會也。【微】徵悮。</span> <span>莫得馴狎者，豈不以機之甚乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">季札</span>聘<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，入境歎曰：「暴矣。」從者問其故，曰：「吾見鳥巢高，所以知暴也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【馴】音旬，擾也，善也，從也。【狎】音匣，習也，近也。【甚】太過也。【札】側八切，<span class="zhuanming">吴公子</span>名。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「傾巢覆卵，鳳皇不至。窮藪竭澤，麒麟不至。」嫌其害也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1300" id="1294">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">惡傷其類也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覆】敗也，倒也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1289" id="1295">〔一〕</a>行藝：品行技藝。<span class="zhuanming">白居易</span><span class="shuming">劉泰倫可起復謁者監製</span>：「況<span class="zhuanming">泰倫</span>有行藝可以飾身，才幹可以掌務，監臨内署，朝請中闈，謹密端和，甚宜厥職。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1290" id="1296">〔二〕</a>恃：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一○下：「恃，賴也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1291" id="1297">〔三〕</a>萬井：猶言千家萬户。　不急：不切需要。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">秦策三</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">吴起</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">楚悼</span>罷無能，廢無用，損不急之官，塞私門之請，壹<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span>之俗。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1292" id="1298">〔四〕</a>字：原誤作「守」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1293" id="1299">〔五〕</a>殺機：欲加殺害之心。<span class="zhuanming">司空圖</span><span class="shuming">歌者</span>詩之六：「胸中免被風波撓，肯爲螳螂動殺機。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1294" id="1300">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">竇鳴犢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>之賢大夫也。<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>未得志之時，須此兩人而後從政；及其已得志，殺之乃從政。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>聞之也，刳胎殺夭則麒麟不至郊，竭澤涸漁則蛟龍不合陰陽，覆<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00225','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P225</span></i>巢毁卵則鳳皇不翔。何則？君子諱傷其類也。夫鳥獸之於不義也尚知辟之，而況乎<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>哉！』」</span> </p><p> <span>故賢者不輔，勢善下己。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不阿黨而高踞故也。</span> <span>天授其福，人思無競。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">死生由命，富貴在天，别報所感，不妄動矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【授】去呼，付也。</span> <span>夫處於權豪，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">權勢豪强之士也。</span> <span>鮮有不𢗗己而務多尚於人者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鮮，少也。𢗗，習也。務，慕也。尚，勝也。高貴權豪之士，少有不習念己權豪之勢，既習念之，而必切求勝尚於人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【𢗗】音誓，習也。</span> <span>顧彼門寒援寡，雖負智藝，篾之何有？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">權豪之者，於蓬門蓽户之士，縱使才藝凌雲，亦不顧之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【援】音垣，引也。又音院，衛也，護助也。【篾】莫結切。從草不從竹。【凌雲】越也，侵也。</span> <span>想於己，不由姑息則必罥繳，以罪而毒之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">姑息，憐憫也。既不憐憫，即必别事羅織而加罪戾以害之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姑息】小人好人以姑息。【罥】姑泫切，挂也。【繳】音酌，矰矢射也。又，絲縷也，纏也。</span> <span>故<span class="shuming">書</span>曰：「世禄之家，鮮克由禮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1303" id="1301">〔一〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">尚書</span><span class="shuming">畢命</span>之文。世有禄位之家，少能用禮也。</span> <span>奈何以禮而欲理其介耶？而吏或有志有氣者，以殘刻爲德，豈知温渥之惠，向使遭虎兕眦睚，亦當以力觸之，何望於怒耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#1304" id="1302">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">眦睚，怒皃。觸，對抵也。豈懼其怒也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【奈】奴帶切。【理】正也。【介】耿也。【吏】<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：以法治人者。【志】意纂也，在心爲志。【有氣】膽力也。【刻】剥也。【渥】音握，霑潤也。【睚】五解切，目際也。睚眦，怨也。【眦】士懈切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1301" id="1303">〔一〕</a>世禄：世代享有禄位。　由禮：踐行禮教。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">經解</span>：「是故隆禮由禮，謂之有方之士；不隆禮不由禮，謂之無方之民。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「由，行也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00226','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P226</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1302" id="1304">〔二〕</a>殘刻：兇狠殘暴。　温：温和﹑温厚。　渥：濃厚。　眦睚：怒目而視。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">龜策列傳</span>：「素有眦睚不快，因公行誅，恣意所傷，以破族滅門者，不可勝數。」　觸：抵觸。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">管蕃</span>殺<span class="zhuanming">帛遠</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1314" id="1305">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>字<span class="zhuanming">法祖</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">萬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河内</span>人，少出家。才思俊徹，日誦萬言。<span class="zhuanming">張輔</span>愛之，欲命歸俗，不允。後與道士<span class="zhuanming">管蕃</span>論義，<span class="zhuanming">蕃</span>屈。譖之於<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>殺之。群胡聞之，怒而入<span class="zhuanming">秦州</span>，殺<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>與<span class="zhuanming">蕃</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕃】音煩。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">庾恭</span>戕<span class="zhuanming">法慧</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1315" id="1306">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法慧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>人，方直<a class="zhuhao" href="#1316" id="1307">〔三〕</a>有戒行。<span class="zhuanming">晉康帝</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>中，止<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，不受别請。每乞食，輒齎繩床自隨。一時遇雨，以油帔自覆，雨止不見之。僧<span class="zhuanming">法照</span>曰：「汝過去曾傷一雞足，其殃將至。」後爲征西<span class="zhuanming">庾雉恭</span>殺之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戕】音牆，殺也。【帔】彼義切，衣帔也。</span> <span>肆怒勇罰，一何甚哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1317" id="1308">〔四〕</a>！諒亦由彼。不自流遁<a class="zhuhao" href="#1318" id="1309">〔五〕</a>，又不危遜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">諒，信也。遁，逃也。賢者避世，既不能避世之惡，即合便危行遜言。包周身之防，而自取其禍也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【肆】放恣也，極也。【諒】信也。【危】厲也。【遜】音巽，伏也，順也。</span> <span>凝滯業理，故至是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1319" id="1310">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但凝滯不通，指業報而斷之故也。</span> <span>或以道富則不有己，故被褐節粒，捐形骸如委蜕。固不難其死，安能矯示耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#1320" id="1311">〔七〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其間或有道德孤高，洞達空有，物我俱喪，於死故無所懼，安能矯飾求生者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【褐】音曷，毛褐。一曰短衣。【節】制也，止也。【捐】棄也。【委蜕】上棄也；下音税，蟬蜕也。【難】奴旦切，患也。</span> <span>彼蓋不得死之義也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既非匡救教門，又非求道濟物。虚趣一死，亦奚以爲哉？</span> <span>夫有勇而輕死，有喪我而輕死。於其勇者，不愚則仁。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">勇而死者，或因愚故，而不懼死；或以仁故，而勇於死。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喪】去呼，亡也。</span> <span>愚若暴虎憑河<a class="zhuhao" href="#1321" id="1312">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">暴虎，徒<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00227','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P227</span></i>搏也。馮河，徒涉也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暴虎】空手搏虎曰暴。【馮河】無舡渡水曰馮河乘也。音憑。【搏】擊也。</span> <span>仁則得義，登於明堂<a class="zhuhao" href="#1322" id="1313">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以捍國難而死，則登於明堂。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捍】音汗，抵也。</span> <span>喪我者聖仁也，非故觸死，死至不懼也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">悟達生死何必懼，惟業可懼也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【云死】上是生字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1305" id="1314">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">帛遠傳</span>：「會<span class="zhuanming">張輔</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">秦州</span>刺史，鎮<span class="zhuanming">隴上</span>，<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>與之俱行。<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>以<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>名德顯著，衆望所歸。欲令反服，爲己僚佐。<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>固志不移，由是結憾。先有州人<span class="zhuanming">管蕃</span>與<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>論議，屢屈於<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>。<span class="zhuanming">蕃</span>深銜恥恨，每加讒構。<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>行至<span class="zhuanming">汧縣</span>，忽語道人及弟子云：『我數日對當至。』便辭别。作素書，分布經像及資財都訖，明晨詣<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>共語。忽忤<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>意，<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>使收之行罰。衆咸怪惋，<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>曰：『我來此畢對，此宿命久結，非今事也。』乃呼十方佛祖，前身罪緣，歡喜畢對。願從此以後，與<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>爲善知識，無令受殺人之罪。遂便鞭之五十，奄然命終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1306" id="1315">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">法慧傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺法慧</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>人，方直有戒行。入<span class="zhuanming">嵩高山</span>，事<span class="zhuanming">浮圖密</span>爲師。<span class="zhuanming">晉康帝</span><span class="zhuanming">建元</span>元年，至<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，止<span class="zhuanming">羊叔子寺</span>，不受别請。每乞食，輒齎繩床自隨，於閑曠之路，則施之而坐。時或遇雨，以油帔自覆，雨止，唯見繩床，不知<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>所在。訊問未息，<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>已在床。每語弟子<span class="zhuanming">法照</span>曰：『汝過去折一雞脚，其殃尋至。』俄而<span class="zhuanming">照</span>爲人所擲，脚遂永疾。後語弟子云：『<span class="zhuanming">新野</span>有一老公當命過，吾欲度之。』仍行於畦畔之間，果見一公，將牛耕田。<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>從公乞牛，公不與。<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>前自捉牛鼻，公懼其異，遂以施之。<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>牽牛呪願，七步而反，以牛還公，公少日而亡。後征西<span class="zhuanming">庾稚恭</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，既素不奉法，聞<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>有非常之迹，甚嫉之。<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>預告弟子曰：『吾宿對尋至，誡勸眷屬，令懃修福善。』爾後二日，果收而刑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00228','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P228</span></i>之。春秋五十八矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1307" id="1316">〔三〕</a>直：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「宜」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1308" id="1317">〔四〕</a>肆怒：謂濫發脾氣。<span class="shuming">抱朴子外篇</span><span class="shuming">行品</span>：「不原本於枉直，苟好勝而肆怒者，暴人也。」　一何：爲何，何其。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">燕策一</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">齊王</span>按戈而卻曰：『此一何慶弔相隨之速也！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1309" id="1318">〔五〕</a>流遁：逃遁。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">外物</span>：「夫流遁之志，决絶之行，噫，其非至知厚德之任與！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1310" id="1319">〔六〕</a>凝滯：拘泥。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">漁父</span>：「漁父曰：『聖人不凝滯於物，而能與世推移。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1311" id="1320">〔七〕</a>被褐：穿著粗布衣服。這裏指不慕榮利﹑安於貧賤的高人隱士。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷三五<span class="zhuanming">張協</span><span class="shuming">七命</span>：「林無被褐，山無韋帶。」<span class="zhuanming">李周翰</span>注：「被褐之衣，逸人服也。」　形骸：軀體。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天地</span>：「汝方將忘汝神氣，墮汝形骸，而庶幾乎？」<span class="zhuanming">范縝</span><span class="shuming">神滅論</span>：「死者之形骸，豈非無知之質邪？」　委：抛棄。蜕：蟬或蛇等脱下來的皮。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>：「孫子非汝有，是天地之委蜕也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1312" id="1321">〔八〕</a>暴虎：空手搏虎。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">鄭風</span><span class="shuming">大叔于田</span>：「襢裼暴虎，獻于公所。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「暴虎，空手以搏之。」　憑河：徒步涉水。暴虎馮河，引申指有勇無謀，冒險行動。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">泰</span>：「用馮河，不遐遺。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「無舟渡水，馮陵于河，是頑愚之人。」<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">小旻</span>：「不敢暴虎，不敢馮河，人知其一，莫知其他。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「馮，陵也。徒涉曰馮河，徒搏曰暴虎。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「暴虎憑河，死而無悔者，吾不與也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1313" id="1322">〔九〕</a>明堂：<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">梁惠王下</span>：「夫明堂者，王者之堂也。」凡朝會﹑祭祀﹑慶賞﹑選士﹑養老﹑教學等大典，都在此舉行。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之際，何嘗有匪躬折檻，勇死於義者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1327" id="1323">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">漢書</span>：<span class="zhuanming">朱雲</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子遊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>時，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00229','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P229</span></i><span class="zhuanming">張禹</span>爲帝師，甚尊重。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>上書云：「願賜上方斬馬劍，斷佞臣一人頭，以厲其餘。」上曰：「誰也？」「<span class="zhuanming">安昌侯</span><span class="zhuanming">張禹</span>。」帝怒：「小臣居下訕上，廷辱師傳。」令御史將下殿，<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>攀殿檻折，<span class="zhuanming">辛忌</span>叩諫乃止。自<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">後周</span>，何嘗有此人也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【匪躬】不生其身也。【檻】欄也。【佞】諂也。【訕】所晏切，謗也。</span> <span>雖<span class="zhuanming">静靄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道積</span>之徒，空巖殺身，蓋亦自經於溝瀆之流也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1328" id="1324">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">靄</span>諫<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>沙汰，不從。入山，刺血書石上，以腸掛樹，出心捧之而卒。<span class="shuming">論語</span>云：「豈若匹夫匹婦之諒也，自經於溝瀆也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經】縊也。【溝】音勾，水渠也，法闊四尺曰溝。【瀆】音獨，一曰邑中溝也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">江</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">淮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">濟</span>，四瀆也。」【沙汰】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本云沙法者，悮。</span> <span>平<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>之後，<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>憤惋吒然，霹靂之下，詞又不婉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1329" id="1325">〔三〕</a>，辮鬚逆鱗，幾不免害<a class="zhuhao" href="#1330" id="1326">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>諫<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>，幾誤旨而出，後<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>竄山林而講<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">隋文</span>興，方出。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憤】房吻切，懣也。【惋】烏貫切，驚歎也。【吒】陟駕切，叱怒也。【霹靂】迅雷也。【婉】音苑，美也，順也。【辮】音便，交也。【幾】音祈，近也。又，音譏，庶也。</span> <span>故賢者能權，聖者知機。雖不貴生，亦不可輕死也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1323" id="1327">〔一〕</a>匪躬：謂忠心耿耿，不顧自身。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">蹇</span>：「王臣蹇蹇，匪躬之故。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「盡忠於君，匪以私身之故而不往濟君，故曰：匪躬之故。」　折檻：指直言諫諍。典出<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷六七<span class="shuming">朱雲傳</span>：「至<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>時，丞相故<span class="zhuanming">安昌侯</span><span class="zhuanming">張禹</span>以帝師位特進，甚尊重。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>上書求見，公卿在前。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>曰：『今朝廷大臣，上不能匡主，下亡以益民，皆尸位素餐。臣願賜尚方斬馬劍，斷佞臣一人，以厲其餘。』上問：『誰也？』對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">安昌侯</span><span class="zhuanming">張禹</span>。』上大怒，曰：『小臣居下訕上，廷辱師傅，罪死不赦。』御史將<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>下。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>攀殿檻，檻折。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>呼曰：『臣得下從<span class="zhuanming">龍逄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>遊於地下，足矣！未知聖朝何如耳？』御史遂將<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>去。於是<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00230','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P230</span></i>左將軍<span class="zhuanming">辛慶忌</span>免冠解印綬，叩頭殿下，曰：『此臣素著狂直於世，使其言是，不可誅；其言非，固當容之。臣敢以死争。』<span class="zhuanming">慶忌</span>叩頭流血。上意解，然後得已。及後當治檻，上曰：『勿易！因而輯之，以旌直臣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1324" id="1328">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">静靄</span>：姓<span class="zhuanming">鄭氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">滎陽</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二三<span class="shuming">静靄傳</span>：「自<span class="zhuanming">藹</span>入法，行大慈門。繒纊皮革，一無踐服。惟履毳布，終于報盡。後厭身情迫，獨據别岩。敕侍者下山，明當早至。<span class="zhuanming">藹</span>加坐磐石，留一内衣。自條身肉，段段布於石上。引腸掛於松枝，五藏都皆外見。自餘筋肉手足頭面，剮折都盡，並惟骨現。以刀割心，捧之而卒。侍人心驚，通夜失寐。明晨走赴，猶見合掌捧心。身面西向，加坐如初。所傷餘骸，一無遺血。但見白乳滂流凝于石上，遂累石封外，就而殮焉。」又<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二三<span class="shuming">静靄傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">宜州</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">道積</span>者，次又出諫，俱不用言。乃與同友七人，於<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>像前禮懺七日，既不食已，一時同逝。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1325" id="1329">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人也，後居<span class="zhuanming">上黨</span>之<span class="zhuanming">高都</span>焉。」　憤惋：憤恨。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷七四上<span class="shuming">袁紹傳</span>：「海内傷心，志士憤惋。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1326" id="1330">〔四〕</a>逆鱗：本義爲倒生的鱗片，古人以龍比喻君主，因以觸「逆鱗」比喻冒犯人主或强權之怒。<span class="shuming">韓非子</span><span class="shuming">説難</span>：「夫龍之爲虫也，柔可狎而騎也，然其喉下有逆鱗徑尺，若人有嬰之者，則必殺人。人主亦有逆鱗，説者能無嬰人主之逆鱗，則幾矣。」　按：事見<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">稠</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1336" id="1331">〔一〕</a>：「檀越昔爲羅刹<a class="zhuhao" href="#1337" id="1332">〔二〕</a>，但臨水自見。」帝從之覩群羅刹，遂不食肉，罷縶鳥獸，禁鮫屠薰辛入市。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">晉齊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1338" id="1333">〔三〕</a>説<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>征<span class="zhuanming">契丹</span>，先露頭袒身，千里唯食肉飲水，壯氣彌厲。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00231','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P231</span></i>爲君之後，袒露形體，傅粉塗黛，駱駝牛馬，不施鞍勒。男女錯雜，徵集婬妷<a class="zhuhao" href="#1339" id="1334">〔四〕</a>，親看無禮，支解婦女，以鞞爲瑟琶，自破人腹。登舍之梁，疾走如地，殺戮不可勝紀。以此觀之，若稱羅刹，不謬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羅刹】飛行鬼曰夜叉，地行鬼曰羅刹也。【罷】音皮，上也。又，薄蟹切，止也，休也。【縶】陟立切，繫也，絆也，拘也。【鮫】音交，魚名。魚有皮可飾用。【屠】殺也，裂也，刳也。【袒】音但。袒絶衣也，由見袒體也。【晉書】應云<span class="shuming">齊書</span>，<span class="shuming">晉書</span>者悮。【施】平呼，設也。【鞞】音鼙，股也。</span> <span>初，帝在<span class="zhuanming">晉陽</span>，敕人乘駝向寺取經函，使問所在，<span class="zhuanming">洋</span>曰：「任駝出城。」及出，奄如夢至一山，山半有佛寺。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【乘】駕也，平呼。【函】音咸。【使】去聲。【任】委也，信也。【奄】音掩，忽也。【至一山】<span class="shuming">感通記</span>云：山曰真寂。</span> <span>群沙彌遥曰：「<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>馲駝來。」便引見一老僧，僧曰：「<span class="zhuanming">洋</span>作天子如何？」曰：「聖明。」曰：「爾來何爲？」曰：「取經函。」僧曰：「<span class="zhuanming">洋</span>在寺懶讀經，今北行，東頭是也。」後帝至<span class="zhuanming">谷口</span><span class="zhuanming">木井寺</span>，時有捨身癡人，先不解語，忽謂帝曰：「我去爾後來。」是夜癡人死，帝亦尋崩於<span class="zhuanming">晉陽</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1340" id="1335">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>道人，帝問之曰：「吾得幾年爲天子？」答得三十年。帝曰：「十年十月十日，得非三十也？」及期果崩。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【北行】去聲，次第也。</span> <span>帝愚智不測，委政<span class="zhuanming">楊遵彦</span>而大興寺宇。竟日坐禪，禮佛行繞，其疾如風。鄙謂如<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>，自符黑讖矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">先是讖稱黑衣作天子，疑<span class="zhuanming">裯禪師</span>。今<span class="zhuanming">北山和尚</span>意以<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>字聲與羔羊同，即是黑也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【委】於詭切，任也，屬也。【政】政化。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>曰：「政，正也，所以取正也。」【楊遵彦】揭字悮，道字亦悮。【行】平無行富僧者，無德學行富也。【謂】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00232','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P232</span></i>評量也。【符黑讖】上契也，意云讖稱黑衣人作天子。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>二朝，皆爲僧著黑衣，乃當其運。暨<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>爲天子，坐禪禮佛，同僧之行，自契讖也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1331" id="1336">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">稠</span>：<span class="zhuanming">僧稠</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1332" id="1337">〔二〕</a>檀越：意譯「施主」，佛教僧徒對施捨財物者的尊稱。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">受齋軌則</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云陁那鉢底，譯爲施主。陁那是施，鉢底是主。而云檀越者，本非正譯。略去那字，取上陁音，轉名爲檀，更加越字，意道由行檀捨，自可越渡貧窮。妙釋雖然，終乖正本。」　羅刹：本爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>神話中之惡魔，佛教中指食人血肉的惡鬼。<span class="shuming">一切經意義</span>卷二五：「羅刹，此云惡鬼也。食人血肉，或飛空，或地行，捷疾可畏也。」同書卷七：「羅刹娑，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語也，古云羅刹，訛也。……乃暴惡鬼名也。男即極醜，女即甚姝美，並皆食啖於人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1333" id="1338">〔三〕</a>晉齊：據<span class="shuming">隨函</span>，有本作「晉書」，而「晉書」亦誤，當作「齊書」。<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>傳，見<span class="shuming">北齊書</span>（原名<span class="shuming">齊書</span>）<span class="shuming">文宣皇帝本紀</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1334" id="1339">〔四〕</a>妷：<span class="shuming">北史</span>﹑<span class="shuming">北齊書</span><span class="shuming">高洋傳</span>均作「嫗」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1335" id="1340">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷四：「時<span class="zhuanming">稠禪師</span>箴帝曰：『檀越羅刹察治國，臨水自見。』帝從之，睹群羅刹在後，於是遂不食肉，禁鷹鷂去官，漁屠辛葷，悉除不得入市。帝恒坐禪，竟日不出。禮佛行繞，其疾如風。受戒於<span class="zhuanming">昭玄</span>大統<span class="zhuanming">法上</span>，面掩地，令<span class="zhuanming">上</span>履髮而授焉。先是帝在<span class="zhuanming">晉陽</span>，使人騎駝，敕曰：『向寺取經函。』使問所在，帝曰：『任駝出城。』及出，奄如夢至一山，山半有佛寺。群沙彌遥曰：『<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>馲駝來。』便引見一老僧拜之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>作天子何如？』曰：『聖明。』曰：『爾來何爲？』曰：『取經函。』僧曰：『<span class="zhuanming">洋</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00233','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P233</span></i>在寺嬾讀經，令北行東頭與之。』使者反命。初帝至<span class="zhuanming">谷口</span><span class="zhuanming">木井佛寺</span>，有捨身癡人不解語，忽謂帝曰：『我去，爾後來。』是夜癡人死，帝尋崩於<span class="zhuanming">晉陽</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>先是<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">正光</span>已後，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">先是<span class="zhuanming">胡太后</span>臨朝，<span class="zhuanming">清河</span><span class="zhuanming">王懌</span>勒兵，决事於殿中，改<span class="zhuanming">正光</span>元年。人入市者，各税一錢。</span> <span>統内多虞，王役光病<a class="zhuhao" href="#1348" id="1341">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虞】備也。【王役光病】有本王元光病，悮。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>王役無已。</span> <span>所在編户，相從入道，猥濫彌積，略計寺廟三萬餘，僧尼二百萬<a class="zhuhao" href="#1349" id="1342">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【編】次也。【猥】烏賄切，鄙也。</span> <span>至<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>克<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>承<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>後<a class="zhuhao" href="#1350" id="1343">〔三〕</a>，寺出四千五，衆減三百萬。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【出】進也。【減】下斬切，耗也。又，古斬切，少也，損也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">衛元嵩</span>或以佛法惡賤，假剛酷召禍之主，託以訕謗，將使滅之，滅而復興，與天下惟新之義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1351" id="1344">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">元嵩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">新繁縣</span>人，出家於<span class="zhuanming">峨嵋山</span><span class="zhuanming">黑水</span>也。上策二十道，令澄汰無行富僧，置一<span class="zhuanming">延平大寺</span>，安四海病弱之徒。其理甚當。<span class="zhuanming">唐大宗</span>入冥，見之在獄，自云於此如第三禪樂也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1352" id="1345">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惡】烏故切。【將使】上平下上。</span> <span>故<span class="shuming">唐臨傳</span>云<a class="zhuhao" href="#1353" id="1346">〔六〕</a>：「其人不在三界。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【唐臨傳】<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>吏部侍郎<span class="zhuanming">唐臨</span>撰<span class="shuming">冥報録</span>。</span> <span>經云：「示衆有三毒，又見邪見相<a class="zhuhao" href="#1354" id="1347">〔七〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>也。隨函：【又見】音現，露也。【邪見】執著。又，推求義。下云我弟子如是方便度衆生。</span> <span>豈非斯人之徒歟？但至人行權，事濟啓權，若終閟而不啓，則狡者效權害實矣。如<span class="zhuanming">元嵩</span>，則未盡權之術也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濟】定也。【狡】狂也。【效】學也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1341" id="1348">〔一〕</a>虞：憂慮，憂患。　王役：徭役。　光：當爲「尤」字之誤。詳見下注引<span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">釋老志</span>。　<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00234','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P234</span></i>病：禍害。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1342" id="1349">〔二〕</a>編户：編入户籍的普通人家。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">楊梅胡朱云傳</span><span class="shuming">梅福</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之廟不出闕里，<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>子孫不免編户。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「列爲庶人也。」　猥濫：多而濫。　<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">正光</span>已後，天下多虞，王役尤甚，於是所在編民，相與入道，假慕沙門，實避調役，猥濫之極，自中國之有佛法，未之有也。略而計之，僧尼大衆二百萬矣，其寺三萬有餘。流弊不歸，一至於此，識者所以歎息也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1343" id="1350">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">周武</span>：<span class="zhuanming">宇文邕</span>（公元五四三—五七八年），公元五六○—五七八年在位，五七四年滅佛，爲史上「三武滅佛」之一。　<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>承<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>後：公元五五○年，<span class="zhuanming">高洋</span>取代<span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>，國號<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，建都<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，史稱<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，公元五七七年被<span class="zhuanming">北周</span>滅。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1344" id="1351">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">衛元嵩</span>：<span class="zhuanming">益州</span><span class="zhuanming">成都</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二五有傳。　剛酷：猶暴虐。<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">崔縱傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">涣</span>有嬖妾，<span class="zhuanming">縱</span>以母事之。妾剛酷，雖<span class="zhuanming">縱</span>顯官而數笞詬。」　訕謗：譏訕譭謗。<span class="shuming">關尹子</span><span class="shuming">九藥</span>：「不可以輕忽道己，不可以訕謗德己。」　惟新：更新。語出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">文王</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周</span>雖舊邦，其命維新。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1345" id="1352">〔五〕</a>澄汰：猶淘汰。　延平：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二五作「平延」。　第三禪：<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>四禪天中之第三禪天，此中共有三天，即<span class="zhuanming">少浄天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無量浄天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遍浄天</span>，此三天安穩心中，歡喜畢具。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1346" id="1353">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">唐臨傳</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">唐臨</span><span class="shuming">冥報記</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐臨</span>（公元六○○—六五九年），字<span class="zhuanming">本德</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span><span class="zhuanming">長安</span>人，兩<span class="shuming">唐書</span>有傳。<span class="shuming">冥報記</span>原書散佚，近人<span class="zhuanming">楊守敬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">汪紹楹</span>有輯佚本，<span class="zhuanming">方詩銘</span>有新輯本。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1347" id="1354">〔七〕</a>三毒：貪﹑嗔﹑癡。佛教以爲貪嗔癡最能毒害人們的身命和慧命，故名「三毒」。引文見<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷四<span class="shuming">五百弟子受記品</span>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00235','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P235</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">柸渡</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1365" id="1355">〔一〕</a>，海上謫仙也。隱其姓名，時人以乘柸而渡，乃即事呼之也。亦曰<span class="zhuanming">度練</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或有處呼爲<span class="zhuanming">度練</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謫】陟革切，其也。【杯】布回切。</span> <span>古者呼僧曰道士﹑阿練﹑阿尚是也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">更有此三名。</span> <span>嘗寓宿於逆旅，昧旦，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">早朝也。</span> <span>竊金像而行。主人奔騎追之，彼徐而不逮。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">逮，及也。奔馬進，不及。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【行】平也。</span> <span>至<span class="zhuanming">孟津</span>，浮柸濟<span class="zhuanming">河</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孟津</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄河</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孟津】<span class="zhuanming">河陽</span>渡口也。或此盟也。</span> <span>達于京師。衣服弊惡，飲食喜怒，俱不節也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1366" id="1356">〔二〕</a>。荷一蘆篅，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">篅，竹器，如小籠，皆盧竹爲之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【京師】乃<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>也。【節】制也，止也。【荷】上呼。【篅】音遄，圌盛穀也。</span> <span>篅中置一木柸。嘗欲往<span class="zhuanming">瓜步</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瓜步</span>，<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">淮</span>地名，昔<span class="zhuanming">孫鍾</span>種瓜於此也，<span class="zhuanming">揚子江</span>上也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓜步】<span class="zhuanming">魏大步代宗</span>臨江起行宫於<span class="zhuanming">北瓜步山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1367" id="1357">〔三〕</a>。又<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span><span class="zhuanming">六合縣</span>界西南，對<span class="zhuanming">閏州</span><span class="zhuanming">江寧</span>。</span> <span>津人不爲操舟，迺自累足於柸中，眄睞吟詠<a class="zhuhao" href="#1368" id="1358">〔四〕</a>，直濟北岸。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【操】平聲，持也。【眄】音面，斜視也。【睞】力代切，傍視也。從目不從肉。</span> <span>嘗一日於<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span>村舍，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【廣陵】<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>也。注非。</span> <span>遇八關齋會，置篅於庭中，其家屬將徙之，其重莫能舉。嘗有窺者，見四小兒居焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1369" id="1359">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徙】移也。【重】上聲。</span> <span>初僞死於<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span>北巖下，菡萏遶身，生於石上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1370" id="1360">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【菡萏】蓮花未舒也。</span> <span>葬後有見在<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">徐州</span>也。</span> <span>開棺視之，惟靴履獨在<a class="zhuhao" href="#1371" id="1361">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧著短靿靴，謂之富羅。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靴】許戈切，<span class="zhuanming">武陵王</span>所服。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>曰：靴本胡服<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1372" id="1362">〔八〕</a>。【靿】五教切。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">朱虚期</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【朱虚期】<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">朱齡石</span>，二名未詳楷定<a class="zhuhao" href="#1373" id="1363">〔九〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">朱虚期</span>使還失道，隨風帆海一月日餘，達一島，登山，見一<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00236','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P236</span></i>佛寺，宫室壯麗。僧問所來，且言其事。設飲食已，僧問去留，而已告皈。僧云：「此到<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>都二十萬里，自當相送，不勞致憂。」僧因付<span class="zhuanming">盃渡</span>鉢並書，令沙彌送駕，但聞颯風濤之聲也。達<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>，因見<span class="zhuanming">杯度</span>。</span> <span>使自<span class="zhuanming">高麗</span>還，失濟於洲上，得<span class="zhuanming">度</span>之鉢。既至，<span class="zhuanming">度</span>曰：「我不見此鉢，已四千年矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1374" id="1364">〔一○〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">度</span>見鉢，識之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【使】去（呼）。【洲】渚也，水中可居曰洲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1355" id="1365">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">杯渡</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1356" id="1366">〔二〕</a>弊惡：破爛。<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷二二七<span class="shuming">唐德宗建中二年</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">朔方</span>軍資裝不至，旗服弊惡，<span class="zhuanming">宣武</span>人嗤之曰：『乞子能破賊乎！』」　不節：不遵法度。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">節</span>：「不節之嗟，又誰咎也。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">五行志上</span>：「傳曰：田獵不宿，飲食不享，出入不節，奪民農時，及有姦謀，則木不曲直。」<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>：「帶索繿縷，殆不蔽身。言語出没，喜怒不均。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1357" id="1367">〔三〕</a>魏大步代宗：當爲「魏太武帝」之誤。<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>二十七年，<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">太武帝</span>在<span class="zhuanming">長江</span>北岸<span class="zhuanming">瓜步山</span>建行宫，即後來的<span class="zhuanming">佛狸祠</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1358" id="1368">〔四〕</a>眄睞：顧盼。　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>：「後欲往延步<span class="zhuanming">江</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">江</span>側就航，人告<span class="zhuanming">度</span>，不肯載之。復累足杯中，顧眄吟詠。杯自然流，直度北岸。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1359" id="1369">〔五〕</a>八關齋：在家信徒一晝夜受持的八條戒律。詳見前注。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>：「行向<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span>，遇村舍，有<span class="zhuanming">李</span>家八關齋。先不相識，乃直入齋堂而坐，置蘆圌於中庭。衆以其形陋，無恭敬心。<span class="zhuanming">李</span>見蘆圌當道，欲移置牆邊，數人舉不能動。<span class="zhuanming">度</span>食竟，提之而去，笑曰：『四天王。』<span class="zhuanming">李</span>家於時有一豎子，窺<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00237','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P237</span></i>其圌中，見四小兒，並長數寸，面目端正，衣裳鮮絜，於是追覓，不知所在。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1360" id="1370">〔六〕</a>菡萏：蓮花。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">陳風</span><span class="shuming">澤陂</span>：「彼澤之陂，有蒲菡萏。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1361" id="1371">〔七〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>：「乃見在北巖下鋪敗袈裟於地，卧之而死。頭前脚後，皆生蓮華。華極鮮香，一夕而萎。邑人共殯葬之。後數日，有人從北來，云：見<span class="zhuanming">度</span>負蘆圌行向<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>，乃共開棺，唯見靴履。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1362" id="1372">〔八〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">武陵王</span>，當爲「武靈王」。此處引<span class="shuming">釋名</span>殘缺不全，當爲「靴本胡服，<span class="zhuanming">趙武靈王</span>所好服也」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1363" id="1373">〔九〕</a>朱虚期：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛祖歷代通載</span>卷八等作<span class="zhuanming">朱靈期</span>，<span class="shuming">海東高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">釋亡名傳</span>作<span class="zhuanming">朱靈期</span>，自注曰「或作虚」。<span class="shuming">集神州三寶感通録</span>卷下：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">朱齡石</span>者，使往<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>，還返失道，隨風泛海，一月餘日，達于一島，糧米俱竭，入島求泉，漸深登山，乃見一寺，堂宇莊嚴，非所曾睹。僧問所從，具説行事。設食飲水，問以去留。<span class="zhuanming">石</span>曰：『此乃聖居，非凡可住。』僧曰：『欲住任意。』<span class="zhuanming">石</span>苦辭欲還，僧告曰：『此間去都，二十餘萬里。』<span class="zhuanming">石</span>等聞之，驚怖曰：『若爾，何緣得達？』僧曰：『自當相送，不勞致憂。』又問曰：『識<span class="zhuanming">杯度</span>道人不？』曰：『識之。』便指壁上鉢袋曰：『此是彼物，有小過，罰在人中。』便取鉢袋與<span class="zhuanming">石</span>，并書一封。上爲書字，然不可識。曰：『可以書鉢與之。』令沙彌送，勿從來道。此有直路，疾至船所，須臾至海，沙彌以一竹杖著船頭，語曰：『但閉舫聽往，不勞航柁。』於即依言，但聞颼颼風聲。有竊視者，見船在空雲飛，奔於山樹海上。數息間，遂達<span class="zhuanming">楊都</span>大桁，正見<span class="zhuanming">杯度</span>騎桁欄，口云：『馬。』<span class="zhuanming">齡石</span>既至，書自飛上<span class="zhuanming">度</span>手。<span class="zhuanming">度</span>驚曰：『汝那得<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊道人</span>書？唤我歸耶？』乃具説緣由，又將鉢與之。手捧曰：『吾不見此鉢，四千餘年。』擲上入雲，下還接取。<span class="zhuanming">太初</span>中，無故而死。」<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00238','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P238</span></i><span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷三九<span class="shuming">伽藍篇</span>引，與此同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1364" id="1374">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span>民<span class="zhuanming">朱靈期</span>使<span class="zhuanming">高驪</span>還，值風舶飄。……<span class="zhuanming">靈期</span>等在舫遥禮之。<span class="zhuanming">度</span>乃自下舫，取書並鉢。開書視之，字無人識者。<span class="zhuanming">度</span>大笑曰：『使我還耶。』取鉢擲雲中，還接之云：『我不見此鉢四千年矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">寶誌</span>，飲啖非法<a class="zhuhao" href="#1382" id="1375">〔一〕</a>，髮長數寸。執一錫，挂翦刀及鏡，或二三端帛。<span class="zhuanming">齊武</span>謂佯狂惑衆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南齊</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">賾</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">宣遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">道成</span>之子，在位十一年崩。遺詔靈上勿以牲祭，唯餅飯而已；不許出家入道及起塔寺，以宅爲精舍等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【啖】徒敢切，含也。</span> <span>擊於<span class="zhuanming">建康</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>分形，遊於市上。嘗就人求膾，既飽而去，主人視盆中，魚活如故。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">誌公</span>嘗對<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>食膾，<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>譏嫌之。<span class="zhuanming">誌公</span>遂遽吐於水，咸見魚如故，唯尾損，至今<span class="zhuanming">江陵</span>有膾殘魚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【分】平聲，施也。【膾】古外切，<span class="shuming">説（文）</span>云：細切肉。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>酷刑，<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>假其神力，令見<span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>於地下受極苦，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蕭道成</span>也。</span> <span>由是廢錐刀之害。<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>初，其迹孔盛。有<span class="zhuanming">陳征<a class="zhuhao" href="#1383" id="1376">〔二〕</a>虜</span>，悉家事<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>。<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>爲現真形，光相如菩薩像焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1384" id="1377">〔三〕</a>。有以<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>，今或建之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即今<span class="zhuanming">十一面觀音</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孔】甚也。【陳征虜】將軍<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>也。【悉】詳盡也。【建】立也，樹也。謂<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>自立其理，下有評。或是逮字，及也。意云以人<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>，或及其事，於理未盡，故下自述也。【十一面觀音】出呪部，如<span class="shuming">别鈔</span>叙。今<span class="zhuanming">南京</span><span class="zhuanming">祐聖院</span><span class="shuming">誌公碑</span>云：即<span class="zhuanming">十二面觀音</span>也。未詳所出。<span class="zhuanming">李白</span>讚<span class="zhuanming">誌公</span>真曰「水中之月，了不可取，虚空其身，寂寥無主，錦幪鳥爪，獨時絶侣，刀<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>尺<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>，扇迷<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>語，丹青聖容，去彼何所」也。</span> <span>夫十住大士，猶能爲作十號之佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#1385" id="1378">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">地前初入劫爲十住<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00239','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P239</span></i>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【猶】已也，尚也。</span> <span>況菩薩歟？故或以<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>，非必<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">誌</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖賢權化皆爾，未必唯是<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">誌</span>每造<span class="zhuanming">光宅</span><span class="zhuanming">雲</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1386" id="1379">〔五〕</a>，輒更於宿曰：「吾欲解師子吼。」<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>爲剖扸而彈指曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1387" id="1380">〔六〕</a>：「善哉，微妙矣。」臨終燃一燭，付後閣舍人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1388" id="1381">〔七〕</a>。帝曰：「彼將以後事囑我也。」敕厚葬。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span><span class="zhuanming">天監</span>十四年，卒於<span class="zhuanming">開善寺</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【造】至也。【光宅雲】<span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span>以<span class="zhuanming">三橋</span>故宅爲寺，名曰<span class="zhuanming">光宅</span>。詔<span class="zhuanming">法雲法師</span>知寺任，故曰<span class="zhuanming">光宅</span><span class="zhuanming">雲</span>。【欲解】下去聲。【彈】平聲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1375" id="1382">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">寶誌</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○有傳。飲啖：吃喝。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">霍光金日磾傳</span><span class="shuming">霍光</span>：「發<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>廚三太牢具祠閣室中，祀已，與從官飲啗。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「啖，食也，音徒敢反。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1376" id="1383">〔二〕</a>征：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「御」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1377" id="1384">〔三〕</a>光相：佛教稱諸佛﹑菩薩﹑賢聖等身體發出光明爲光相。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">康僧會傳</span>：「舍利威神，豈直光相而已。乃劫燒之火不能焚，金剛之杵不能碎。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1378" id="1385">〔四〕</a>十住：菩薩修行所經歷的十個境界。大乘菩薩十地爲：歡喜地﹑離垢地﹑發光地﹑焰慧地﹑極難勝地﹑現前地﹑遠行地﹑不動地﹑善慧地﹑法雲地。　十號：佛的十種名號，即：<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">應供</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">正徧知</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明行足</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善逝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">世間解</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無上士</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">調御丈夫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天人師</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛世尊</span>。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">維摩詰經講經文</span>（四）：「位超十地，果滿三祗，十號將圓，一生成道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1379" id="1386">〔五〕</a>造：造訪。　<span class="zhuanming">光宅</span><span class="zhuanming">雲</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">天監</span>元年（五○二）（一説<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>三年），由<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>捐獻舊宅所建。時因<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>聖像放光七日，故稱<span class="zhuanming">光宅寺</span>。敕<span class="zhuanming">法雲大師</span>爲住持，故又稱爲「<span class="zhuanming">光宅</span><span class="zhuanming">雲</span>」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00240','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P240</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1380" id="1387">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">雲</span>：<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>。姓<span class="zhuanming">周氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宜興</span><span class="zhuanming">陽羡</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。　彈指：撚彈手指作聲，表示歡喜﹑讚歎。<span class="shuming">添品妙法蓮華經</span>卷六<span class="shuming">如來神力品</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>及寶樹下諸佛現神力時，滿百千歲，然後還攝舌相。一時謦欬，俱共彈指。」<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span><span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷十下<span class="shuming">釋如來神力品</span>：「彈指者，隨喜也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1381" id="1388">〔七〕</a>後閣：宫後便殿。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">王莽傳下</span>：「壬午，列風毁王路西廂及後閣更衣中室。」</span> </p><p> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">史宗</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">麻襦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">邵碩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四人皆物外之上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1406" id="1389">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【史宗】<span class="zhuanming">上虞</span><span class="zhuanming">龍山寺</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">史宗</span>，不知何許人。常著麻衣故，世號<span class="zhuanming">麻衣道人</span>。身多瘡疥，性無調恒，常在<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span><span class="zhuanming">白土丘</span>。有求苦不足，無喜亦無憂。未若清虚者，帶索披麻裘。浮遊一世間，汎若不繫舟，方當捨塵慮，棲至<span class="zhuanming">白土丘</span>也。【邵碩】<span class="zhuanming">岷州</span><span class="zhuanming">通雲寺</span>僧，二人並見<span class="shuming">高僧神異科</span>僧。【麻襦】<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>時流民，見<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>傳。</span> <span>皆其類焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1407" id="1390">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">麻襦</span>與<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>相見，詶贈之詞，頗爲祕奥<a class="zhuhao" href="#1408" id="1391">〔三〕</a>。時<span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>人少見食，而常肌悦，冬夏唯一單衣。外國道人<span class="zhuanming">僧佉吒</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1409" id="1392">〔四〕</a>，神異人也。寓宿<span class="zhuanming">長干寺</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">在<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【長干寺】<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>云：外國道人<span class="zhuanming">僧伽吒</span>寄都下<span class="zhuanming">長干寺</span>。既<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>，非<span class="zhuanming">揚州</span>也。</span> <span>與<span class="zhuanming">僧悟</span>同室。夜取寺刹，捧之入雲。然後乃下，敕<span class="zhuanming">悟</span>勿漏。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">刹，寺塔柱。<span class="zhuanming">僧佉吒</span>不使<span class="zhuanming">悟</span>漏泄於人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寺刹】柱也，今之幡竿也。</span> <span>後路上見<span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僧佉</span>見也。</span> <span>忻然笑曰：「吾東見<span class="zhuanming">蔡㹠</span>，南訊<span class="zhuanming">馬生</span>，北遇<span class="zhuanming">王年</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆隱跡之士也。</span> <span>今欲就<span class="zhuanming">柸度</span>，乃與子相見。」<span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>題<span class="shuming">槐樹歌</span>曰：「濛濛大象内<a class="zhuhao" href="#1410" id="1393">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">法界空曠，物象浩蕩也。</span> <span>照曜實顯彰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本性靈明，恒自照燭。</span> <span>何事昏迷子，縱惑自招殃。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本覺之性，不能自識。五欲顛墜，迷惑招殃。此乃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00241','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P241</span></i>傷悼凡愚不悟之意也。</span> <span>樂處少人往<a class="zhuhao" href="#1411" id="1394">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">諸佛之境長垂接引，凡俗愚蒙，不肯趣入。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樂處】音落。</span> <span>苦道若翻囊。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">淪溺三塗<a class="zhuhao" href="#1412" id="1395">〔七〕</a>，一失人身，再不可得，猶如水囊。</span> <span>不有松柏志<a class="zhuhao" href="#1413" id="1396">〔八〕</a>，何用擬風霜。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不有堅志，何對衆境生死？風霜到來，作何准擬？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【擬】度也。</span> <span>閑豫紫雲表，長歌出昊蒼<a class="zhuhao" href="#1414" id="1397">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昊蒼，天也。此<span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>自叙之意也。即閑吟樂道，遊泳於天地之間也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【豫】逸也。古本此預字，安也，厠也。【昊蒼】夏天曰昊，春天曰蒼。</span> <span>澄虚無色水<a class="zhuhao" href="#1415" id="1398">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上善若水，澄虚無波。萬境不動，識浪元平矣。隨函：【上善若水】<span class="shuming">道經</span>。</span> <span>應見有緣鄉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此方緣盡他方化。</span> <span>歲曜毗<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>后，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">毗，輔也。<span class="zhuanming">東方朔</span>乃歲星之精，下佐<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>。后，君也。</span> <span>辰麗傅<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>王<a class="zhuhao" href="#1416" id="1399">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>乃<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>星，下佐<span class="zhuanming">殷王</span><span class="zhuanming">武丁</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【傅説】音悦。</span> <span>伊余非二仙，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">言我非此<span class="zhuanming">方朔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>二仙也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伊】惟也。</span> <span>晦迹之九方<a class="zhuhao" href="#1417" id="1400">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">九方，八方及上也。</span> <span>亦見流俗子<a class="zhuhao" href="#1418" id="1401">〔一三〕</a>，觸眼致酸傷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此二句是傷意也。</span> <span>略謡觀有念，寧曰盡襟章<a class="zhuhao" href="#1419" id="1402">〔一四〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因有所屬意，略爲此歌，寧可盡我衿抱之量也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謡】音遥，徒歌曰謡。【衿】懷也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吒</span>酬和有寄，致書</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其文未覩。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【其文未覩】文在<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>。<span class="zhuanming">吒</span>酬和<span class="zhuanming">僧佉吒</span>答<span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>曰：前見先生禪思幽岫，一坐千齡，大悲重心，靖念枯骨。亦題<span class="zhuanming">碩</span>曰：悠悠世士，或滋損益。欲使臣神，横坐悦懌。惟此哲人，淵覺先見。思形浮沫，囑影遄電。累躦聲革，蔑緣章辯。視色悮空，翫物傷變。捨紛絶有，斷習除惡。青條曲蔭，白茅以薦。依畦輟麻，鄰里飲晏。定惠既昭，妙真曰睿。慈悲有增，深相無倦。真境各去云云<a class="zhuhao" href="#1420" id="1403">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>與<span class="zhuanming">柸度</span>，言莫有解者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">劉公嘉話</span>所謂「廋詞」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1421" id="1404">〔一六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【劉公嘉話】<span class="zhuanming">劉夢錫</span><span class="shuming">嘉話</span>一卷。【廋詞】即謎語也。</span> <span>蓋彼神遊<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00242','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P242</span></i>於有知之外<a class="zhuhao" href="#1422" id="1405">〔一七〕</a>，而内者不及耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三界皆所知之境，疑此人是三界外者。今處三界之内，故不及其言論也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1389" id="1406">〔一〕</a>上：疑爲「士」字之誤。物外之士，謂脱俗之人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1390" id="1407">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">史宗</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">史宗</span>者，不知何許人。常著麻衣，或重之爲納，故世號<span class="zhuanming">麻衣道士</span>。身多瘡疥，性調不恒。常在<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span><span class="zhuanming">白土𡍖</span>，賃𡍖謳唱，引筰以自欣暢，得直隨以施人。栖憩無定所，或隱或顯。時<span class="zhuanming">高平</span><span class="zhuanming">檀祇</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">江都</span>令，聞而召來，應對機捷，無所拘滯，博達稽古，辯説玄儒。乃賦詩一首曰：『有欲苦不足，無欲亦無憂。未若清虚者，帶索被玄裘。浮遊一世間，汎若不繫舟。方當畢塵累，栖志且山丘。』」　<span class="zhuanming">麻襦</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">佛圖澄</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">魏縣</span>有一流民，莫識氏族，恒著麻襦布裳，在<span class="zhuanming">魏縣</span>中乞匄，時人謂之<span class="zhuanming">麻襦</span>。言語卓越，狀如狂病，乞得米穀不食，輒散置大路，云飴天馬。」　<span class="zhuanming">邵碩</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">張奴</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>有附傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1391" id="1408">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">佛圖澄</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">麻襦</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>曰：『昔在光和中會，奄至今日。酉戌受玄命，絶曆終有期。金離消于壤，邊荒不能遵。驅除靈期迹，莫已已之懿。裔苗葉繁，其來方積。休期於何期，永以歎之。』<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>曰：『天迴運極，否將不支，九木水爲難，無可以術寧。玄哲雖存世，莫能基必頽。久遊<span class="zhuanming">閻浮利</span>，擾擾多此患。行登陵雲宇，會於虚遊間。』<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>與<span class="zhuanming">麻襦</span>講語終日，人莫能解。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1392" id="1409">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佉吒</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">杯度傳</span>有附傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1393" id="1410">〔五〕</a>濛濛：迷茫貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">豳風</span><span class="shuming">東山</span>：「零雨其濛。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「歸又道遇雨，濛濛然。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1394" id="1411">〔六〕</a>處：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○作「所」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00243','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P243</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1395" id="1412">〔七〕</a>三塗：地獄﹑餓鬼﹑畜生等三惡道。佛教認爲衆生輪迴生死於六道之中，罪業深重者當沉淪於地獄﹑餓鬼和畜生等三道中受苦。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1396" id="1413">〔八〕</a>志：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「操」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1397" id="1414">〔九〕</a>閑豫：清閒安樂。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷四九<span class="shuming">阮籍傳</span>附<span class="shuming">阮瞻傳</span>：「小兒<span class="zhuanming">毗</span>既無令淑之質，不聞道德之風，望諸君時以閑豫，周旋誨接。」　雲：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○作「煙」。　紫雲：紫色雲，爲祥瑞之兆。<span class="zhuanming">焦贛</span><span class="shuming">易林履之漸</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>紫雲，聖且神明，光見福祥，告我無殃。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1398" id="1415">〔一○〕</a>澄虚：明浄。虚：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「靈」。　水：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「外」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1399" id="1416">〔一一〕</a>辰：星。這裏指<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>星。　麗：附著。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1400" id="1417">〔一二〕</a>晦迹：隱居匿跡。<span class="zhuanming">沈約</span><span class="shuming">郊居賦</span>：「僑棲仁於東里，鳳晦迹於西堂。」　之：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「於」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1401" id="1418">〔一三〕</a>流俗子：世俗之人。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">司馬遷傳</span>：「僕之先人，非有剖符丹書之功，文史星曆，近乎卜祝之間，固主上所戲弄，倡優畜之，流俗之所輕也。」　觸眼：目光所及。　酸傷：悲傷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1402" id="1419">〔一四〕</a>襟：胸懷。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「矜」，<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>作「衿」。　章：彰明。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1403" id="1420">〔一五〕</a>真境：應據<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>改爲「言竟」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1404" id="1421">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">劉公嘉話</span>：即<span class="shuming">劉公嘉話録</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐代</span><span class="zhuanming">韋絢</span>撰，所記之事，都是聽<span class="zhuanming">劉禹錫</span>所講。<span class="shuming">太平廣記</span>卷一七四引：「<span class="zhuanming">權丞相</span><span class="zhuanming">德輿</span>言無不聞，又善廋詞。嘗逢<span class="zhuanming">李二十六</span>於馬上，廋詞問答，聞者莫知其所説焉。或曰：『廋詞何也？』曰：『隱語耳。<span class="shuming">語</span>不曰：『人焉廋哉！人焉廋哉！』此之謂也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1405" id="1422">〔一七〕</a>有知：有知覺，通事理。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">三年問</span>：「凡生天地之間者，有血氣之屬，必有知。有知之屬，莫不知<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00244','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P244</span></i>愛其類。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫飾愚爲智，易也；即聾從昧<a class="zhuhao" href="#1430" id="1423">〔一〕</a>，難也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">左傳</span>文也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【易】去聲，謂聖人外莊愚相，内設權智物易也。如下<span class="zhuanming">杯度</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶誌</span>皃異心符是也。【難】平呼。愚人聾昧，聲色尚不能知，故難導物。雖初矯令，終成敗辱，如下惠緇愚俗者是也。</span> <span>如彼<span class="zhuanming">柸度</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寶誌</span>，皃異心符，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋君子和而不同也。</span> <span>而中照未嘗愚，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">而内融真境，豈得曰愚。</span> <span>愚者謂之愚。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">愚不達，故謂之愚。</span> <span>遺跡不衒智<a class="zhuhao" href="#1431" id="1424">〔二〕</a>，智者謂之智。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">晦跡内照，識者知其智也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遺】亡也。</span> <span>惟人心無恒，待境而遷。凡物理守常，則耳目不駭<a class="zhuhao" href="#1432" id="1425">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若非顯異，則不能迴其心識，駭其耳目。</span> <span>故於滔滔之際，必假託奇行，方以助教<a class="zhuhao" href="#1433" id="1426">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">當澆俗滔漫之際，則宜設奇行以權化而助教風。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【滔滔】士刀切，<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：子謂誰？曰：<span class="zhuanming">仲由</span>。曰：是<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>之徒與？曰：然。曰：滔滔者天下皆是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1434" id="1427">〔五〕</a>。意云方今滔滔天下者，皆是也。</span> <span>其猶風雨雷霆之變革于萬物之情耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">革，改也。春雷震而蟄户開，東風飄而輕冰泮。<span class="shuming">革卦</span>上六云：「君子豹變，其文蔚也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1435" id="1428">〔六〕</a>。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【風】陰陽怒而爲風。【雨】水從雲下曰雨。【雷】<span class="shuming">説文</span>云「陰陽薄動，雷雨生物」者也。【蟄】虫藏曰蟄也。</span> <span>經稱三密<a class="zhuhao" href="#1436" id="1429">〔七〕</a>，其不在此乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三密，言﹑行﹑心也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【稱】平呼。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1423" id="1430">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公二十四年</span>：「即聾﹑從昧﹑與頑﹑用嚚，姦之大者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1424" id="1431">〔二〕</a>遺跡：忘乎形跡。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五五<span class="zhuanming">劉孝標</span><span class="shuming">廣絶交論</span>：「寄通靈臺之下，遺跡江湖之上。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「<span class="shuming">莊子</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00245','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P245</span></i>曰：『魚相忘於江湖，人相忘於道術。』<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>曰：『各自足，故相忘也。』今引『江湖』，唯取『相忘』之義也。」<span class="zhuanming">張銑</span>注：「遺跡，謂心相知而跡相忘也。」　衒：顯示，誇耀。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1425" id="1432">〔三〕</a>物理：事理。<span class="shuming">鶡冠子</span><span class="shuming">王鈇</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">龐子</span>曰：『願聞其人情物理。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1426" id="1433">〔四〕</a>滔滔：盛大。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">江漢</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>浮浮，武夫滔滔。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「滔滔然多而廣大者，令之順此東流以行征伐。」<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">劉迅傳</span>：「天下滔滔，知我者希。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1427" id="1434">〔五〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">微子</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1428" id="1435">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">革</span>：「上六，君子豹變，小人革面，征凶。居貞，吉。<span class="shuming">象</span>曰：君子豹變，其文蔚也。小人革面，順以從君也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1429" id="1436">〔七〕</a>三密：指身密﹑語密﹑意密。具體而言，有<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>自證之三密（一切形色，乃至現大神變，皆不可思議，故謂之身密；一切音聲，各隨所聞，皆不可思議，故謂之語密；常處寂定，凡所思惟觀察，皆不可思議，故謂之意密）和衆生修行之三密（手結印契爲身密，口誦真言爲語密，心觀本尊之法相爲意密）。</span> </p><p> <span>然大儒小儒，以<span class="shuming">詩</span>爲盜<a class="zhuhao" href="#1455" id="1437">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">大儒，君子儒。小儒，小人儒也。儒者夙夜强學以待問，懷忠信以待舉，力行以取，自立有如此者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1456" id="1438">〔二〕</a>。今之小儒，記片文隻字，苟竊名譽，故謂之盜也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儒】柔也。</span> <span>愚緇愚俗，以法爲盜。故有竊妖容浮怪之言，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故有矯詐之士，世稱聖人。遂亦竊效妖容怪服而蠱惑於世，深爲濫溢者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【妖】於喬切，惑世皃也。【浮】汎也。【怪】異也。【蠱】公户切，疑也，毒也。又，巫毒蠱厭昧於人。</span> <span>始稱智聖，終則鄙辱。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若山果﹑<span class="shuming">金剛</span>禪之類多矣。</span> <span>但至信者，真詐<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00246','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P246</span></i>俱進，嘉苗敗於粮莠。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嘉苗，禾粟也。粮，穜粢也。莠，稗草也。雖粮爲莠所雜，猶亦稱於嘉粟也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【稂】音郎，草名，似莠。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：禾穗生而不成者，謂之稂不莠<a class="zhuhao" href="#1457" id="1439">〔三〕</a>。粮者悮也。【穜】音同，先種後收曰穜。【粢】音資，祭飯。注處甚非。【稗】傍怪切，稗草似穀也。</span> <span>不信者，愚聖俱退，<span class="zhuanming">和</span>玉混於<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>珉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1458" id="1440">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不信之人，好惡盡退，故玉石俱棄。<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>珉，石，似玉也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【燕珉】上<span class="zhuanming">幽州</span>也，有<span class="zhuanming">涿郡</span>，石美而次玉也；下武巾切，美石也。</span> <span>耨夫琢匠，適足爲之悲矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">耨夫，耕者。琢匠，玉人。粮莠<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>珉，故爲悲之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【耨】乃豆切，耘也。【適】悮也。【足】添多也。</span> <span>權貴之門，罕有不以甕盎窮奇爲有道者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1459" id="1441">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盎，盆屬。貴門以一類庸僧，見其如盆質朴，殊不知内藴窮奇狡詐之行，便以爲有道之者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【甕盎】上烏貢切，下烏浪切。甕盎，大癭皃也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰「嫗婦垂甕盎，嬌兒抱卵㲉。無曰辯眉頸，有類龜縮頭」是也。【窮奇】四凶之一也。崇飾惡言，服讒蒐慝之人，古謂之<span class="zhuanming">窮奇</span>，今謂之有道。<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>逆命，因<span class="zhuanming">夔龍</span>輔政而來。雖愚僧奸回，豈不清衆而可敬哉？<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>沉湎，天宗無紊，雖僧有窮奇之詐，佛理豈儧？注差。</span> <span>尚其心腑混沌，鄙容陋行，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">只以其衣服塵弊，言語朴拙，便尚之爲道者。</span> <span>始親之，次譽之。彼愚得幸於豪貴，而昧於刑憲，姦回是庸，無愚惡而不爲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1460" id="1442">〔六〕</a>。既彰矣，彼自不以瞍爲咎，反謂天下爲緇者皆莫可也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">瞍，無目也。自無别識，顧用姦邪之徒，及至乖彰，反責清衆，豈不迷哉！<span class="zhuanming">炙轂子</span>喻之蠱惑也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1461" id="1443">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【幸】凶而遇吉曰幸。【姦】私也。【回】邪也。【庸】用也，功也。【彰】顯露曰彰。【瞍】横走切，無眸子。</span> <span>用渝齊潔，以愚參肖。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">將此凡庸之類渝濫者，齊於清潔之徒，愚濁參雜。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00247','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P247</span></i>肖，嗣也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【渝】污也，濫也。【肖】似也。</span> <span>曾不知僧有跡窅天府，神虚累外<a class="zhuhao" href="#1462" id="1444">〔八〕</a>，出入死生，動寂無方，其至德克至於此者；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧有與天地合德，擺落塵滓，隨往不滯，其至極之德，能及此也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跡窅】下烏皎切，冥也，深也。本是窅字，深日，悮。【天府】<span class="shuming">莊</span>云：「孰知不言之辯，不道之道？若有能知此之道者，故謂天府。注焉而不滿，酌焉而不竭。」【累】去。【方】方所術也。【擺】北買切，撥也。</span> <span>僧有器重名揚，教宗人範<a class="zhuhao" href="#1463" id="1445">〔九〕</a>，可望不可邇，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">可以德望，不可情狎。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【器重】如<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>「器哉，瑚璉也」，厚重也。【名揚】舉也，明也，從手不從木。【宗】本也。【狎】下甲切，易也，習也，近也。</span> <span>難進而易退，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">性同雲鶴，世莫得親也。</span> <span>其高世而至於此者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1464" id="1446">〔一○〕</a>；僧有慈良處意<a class="zhuhao" href="#1465" id="1447">〔一一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">愛物與樂曰慈，無所干犯曰良。</span> <span>仁恕克己<a class="zhuhao" href="#1466" id="1448">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">周慈布惠曰仁，忖度合度曰恕。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仁恕克己】謂仁慈忠恕之心，能勝己私身也。</span> <span>讓則自及，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謙身約己曰讓。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讓】退也，責也。</span> <span>慶則均人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1467" id="1449">〔一三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">勝事周隆曰慶。</span> <span>其潤物有如此者。至若革囊天仙﹑瓦礫珠璣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">革，皮也。若見外現質朴謂之革囊瓦礫，而不知内藴天仙珠璣之行。小珠曰璣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓦礫珠璣】<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>有視珠璣如瓦礫者也。</span> <span>樂猶不笑，義猶不取，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">樂而笑者情猶動，義而取者欲尚興，非同<span class="zhuanming">公叔文子</span>之類<a class="zhuhao" href="#1468" id="1450">〔一四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樂猶不笑】絶戲論事也。【義猶不取】顯無貪。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：子問<span class="zhuanming">公叔文子</span>於<span class="zhuanming">公明賈</span>曰：信乎，夫子不言﹑不笑﹑不取乎？<span class="zhuanming">公明賈</span>對曰：以告者過也。夫子時然後言，人不厭其言；樂然後笑，人不厭其笑；義然後取，人不厭其取。子曰：其然，豈其然乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#1469" id="1451">〔一五〕</a>？<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>者樂曰：可笑而弗笑，不動情也；義可以取而弗取，不動欲也。</span> <span>豈以己所不知而臆裁之也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">世<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00248','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P248</span></i>俗之徒，己自不知僧行，而以胸臆妄度之也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>逆命，<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>有德<a class="zhuhao" href="#1470" id="1452">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>時<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>之國，左<span class="zhuanming">洞廷</span>，右<span class="zhuanming">彭蠡</span>，不順帝命。<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>征之，一月不服。<span class="zhuanming">益</span>請退而脩德，七旬而自來。此乃相輔之德也。<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>輔相也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夔龍】上渠追切。<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>與<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>臣也。【洞庭】<span class="shuming">揚州記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">太湖</span>一名<span class="zhuanming">震澤</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">笠澤</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">洞庭</span>。言<span class="zhuanming">太湖</span>中<span class="zhuanming">苞山</span>有石穴，甚深，洞無底，故名<span class="zhuanming">洞庭</span>。【益請退】<span class="zhuanming">益伯</span>退也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">羲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">和</span>沉湎，天宗無廢<a class="zhuhao" href="#1471" id="1453">〔一七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">羲氏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>，世掌天地之官。至<span class="zhuanming">太康</span>，過差不度，沉湎于酒，故命誅之而誓云：「殲厥渠魁，脅從罔治。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1472" id="1454">〔一八〕</a>意以<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>喻姦回也，<span class="zhuanming">夔龍</span>﹑天宗喻清衆也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沉湎】上直林切，没也濁；下彌兖切，躭酒也。【天宗】日月星辰謂之天宗。【羲氏】<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>卿<span class="zhuanming">羲仲</span>之後。【和氏】<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>卿<span class="zhuanming">和叔</span>之後也。【廢】退也，滅也。【殲】盡也，音尖。【渠】大也。【魁】音恢，師也。【恊】胡頰切，和也，合也。【罔】無也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1437" id="1455">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">外物</span>：「儒以<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">禮</span>發塚，大儒臚傳曰：『東方作矣，事之何若？』小儒曰：『未解裙襦，口中有珠。』『<span class="shuming">詩</span>固有之曰：「青青之麥，生於陵陂。生不布施，死何含珠爲？」接其鬢，壓其顪，儒以金椎控其頤，徐别其頰，無傷口中珠。』」<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注非。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1438" id="1456">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷一<span class="shuming">儒行解</span>：「儒有席上之珍以待聘，夙夜强學以待問，懷忠信以待舉，力行以待取，其自立有如此者。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1439" id="1457">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一：「禾粟之莠生而不成者，謂之蕫蓈。」稂，亦作「蓈」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1440" id="1458">〔四〕</a>退：不接受。按：<span class="shuming">韩非子</span><span class="shuming">和氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人<span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>得玉璞<span class="zhuanming">楚山</span>中，奉而獻之<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">厲王</span>使玉人相之，玉人曰：『石也。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00249','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P249</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1441" id="1459">〔五〕</a>窮奇：<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">西山經</span>：「又西二百六十里曰<span class="zhuanming">邽山</span>，其上有獸焉。其状如牛，蝟毛，名曰窮奇。音如獋狗，是食人。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注：「或云似虎，蝟毛，有翼，銘曰：窮奇之獸，厥形甚醜。馳逐妖邪，莫不奔走。是以一名，號曰神狗。」又<span class="shuming">海内北經</span>：「窮奇狀如虎，有翼。食人從首始。」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">少皞氏</span>有不才子，毁信廢忠，崇飾惡言，靖譖庸回，服讒蒐慝，以誣盛德，天下之民謂之<span class="zhuanming">窮奇</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1442" id="1460">〔六〕</a>刑憲：刑法。<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">答佞</span>：「聖王刑憲，佞在惡中；聖王賞勸，賢在善中。」　姦回：姦惡邪僻的人。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「崇信姦回，放黜師保。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「回，邪也。姦邪之人，反尊信之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1443" id="1461">〔七〕</a>清衆：僧徒。　<span class="zhuanming">炙轂子</span>：<span class="zhuanming">王叡</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">炙轂子</span>，生卒年不詳。<span class="shuming">全唐詩</span>謂其爲「<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>（八○六—八二○）後詩人」。<span class="zhuanming">杜光庭</span><span class="shuming">神仙感遇傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">進士王叡</span>云：「進士<span class="zhuanming">王叡</span>，漁經獵史之士也。孜孜矻矻，窮古人之所未窮，得先儒之所未得，著<span class="shuming">炙轂子</span>三十卷，六經得失，史册差謬，未有不鍼其膏而藥其盲矣。……隱晦自處，佯狂混時，年八十矣，殕於<span class="zhuanming">彭山</span>道中。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1444" id="1462">〔八〕</a>窅：深遠貌。　天府：指朝廷。<span class="shuming">隸釋</span>卷六<span class="shuming">漢平都侯相蔣君碑</span>：「輸力王室，以篤臣節。功列天府，令問不已。」　神虚：心神清虚。<span class="zhuanming">嵇康</span><span class="shuming">釋私論</span>：「夫氣静神虚者，心不存乎矜尚；體亮心達者，情不繫於所欲。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1445" id="1463">〔九〕</a>人範：衆人的楷模。<span class="zhuanming">王禹偁</span><span class="shuming">殿中丞贈户部員外郎孫府君墓誌銘</span>：「至於業官之績，可以爲吏師；修身之道，可以爲人範。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1446" id="1464">〔一○〕</a>高世：高超卓絶，超越世俗。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">趙策二</span>：「夫有高世之功者，必負遺俗之累。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1447" id="1465">〔一一〕</a>處：止。　意：意業，指内心的貪﹑淫﹑癡等。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00250','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P250</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1448" id="1466">〔一二〕</a>克己：克制私欲，嚴以律己。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>問仁。子曰：『克己復禮爲仁。一日克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。爲仁由己，而由人乎哉？』<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>曰：『請問其目。』子曰：『非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。』<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">回</span>雖不敏，請事斯語矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1449" id="1467">〔一三〕</a>慶：福澤，有幸的事。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷三<span class="shuming">周語下</span>：「有慶，未嘗不怡。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「慶，福也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1450" id="1468">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">公叔文子</span>：<span class="zhuanming">公叔發</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衛獻公</span>之孫，名<span class="zhuanming">拔</span>，謚號「文」，故稱<span class="zhuanming">公叔文子</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1451" id="1469">〔一五〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1452" id="1470">〔一六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>：古國名。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「竄<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>於<span class="zhuanming">三危</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>，國名，<span class="zhuanming">縉雲氏</span>之後，爲諸侯，號<span class="zhuanming">饕餮</span>。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">五帝本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>在<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">淮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>數爲亂。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">吴起</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>之國，左<span class="zhuanming">洞庭</span>而右<span class="zhuanming">彭蠡</span>。』……今<span class="zhuanming">江州</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鄂州</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">岳州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>之地也。」　<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>：<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>的二臣。<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>爲樂官，<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>爲諫官。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「伯拜稽首，讓于<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>，二臣名。」　<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「正月朔旦，受命于<span class="zhuanming">神宗</span>，率百官若帝之初。帝曰：『咨<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>！惟時<span class="zhuanming">有苗</span>弗率，汝徂征。』<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>乃會群后，誓于師曰：『濟濟有衆，咸聽朕命。蠢兹<span class="zhuanming">有苗</span>，昏迷不恭，侮慢自賢，反道敗德。君子在野，小人在位，民棄不保，天降之咎。肆予以爾衆士，奉辭伐罪，爾尚一乃心力，其克有勳。』三旬，<span class="zhuanming">苗</span>民逆命。<span class="zhuanming">益</span>贊于<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>曰：『惟德動天，無遠弗届。滿招損，謙受益，時乃天道。』帝初于<span class="zhuanming">歷山</span>，往于田，日號泣于旻天﹑于父母。負罪引慝，祗載見瞽瞍，夔夔齋栗，瞽亦允若；至誠感神，矧兹<span class="zhuanming">有苗</span>。<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>拜<span class="zhuanming">昌言</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">俞</span>！班師振旅。』帝乃誕敷文德，舞干羽于兩階。七旬，<span class="zhuanming">有苗</span>格。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1453" id="1471">〔一七〕</a>天宗：謂上天。<span class="shuming">逸周書</span><span class="shuming">世俘</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>乃翼矢珪﹑矢憲，告天宗上帝。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">月令</span>：「（孟冬之月）天子<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00251','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P251</span></i>乃祈來年于天宗。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「天宗謂日月星辰也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1454" id="1472">〔一八〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">胤征</span>：「天吏逸德，烈于猛火，殲厥渠魁，脅從罔治。舊染汙俗，咸與惟新。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫求人於始義，則淑慝可知也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觀其初始有義無義，則知其善惡也。淑，善也。慝，惡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淑慝】上音熟，善也；下音忒，惡也。</span> <span>考情於素行，則狂哲可知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">素，先也。狂，愚也。哲，智也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【素】先也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">僑</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">扎</span>之爲僧，必非<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1485" id="1473">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僑</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子産</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">扎</span>，<span class="zhuanming">延陵季子</span>也。若使良善之士爲僧，必不行惡行。<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>，惡比丘。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僑】音橋，<span class="zhuanming">公孫僑</span>也。【調達】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">天授</span>，<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>訛略也。佛堂弟子也。【善星】佛弟子也。常駡佛，掃佛脚跡，怖佛也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>之爲僧，必非<span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">菽氏</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1486" id="1474">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>，凶賊也。<span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">菽氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">目乾連</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莊】<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>將<span class="zhuanming">莊蹻</span>也。</span> <span>奚爲始得僧於<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>而後責不賢乎？始不知僧有<span class="zhuanming">僑</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">扎</span>而前謂無德乎？夫有士君子之器，必有士君子之僧；有臺輿之性，必有臺輿之僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#1487" id="1475">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臺輿，賤人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【士君子】<span class="shuming">家語</span>述五等人如前，三君子二士人。【臺輿】春秋十等人，曰：十臣輿僚臣臺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1488" id="1476">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>故以仁求僧可必也，以僧求仁難乎必也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以仁行向僧中求之，必可有仁行者。若凡是僧，便責其仁行，即恐難也。</span> <span>且使<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>妄<a class="zhuhao" href="#1489" id="1477">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道安</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1490" id="1478">〔六〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">惠遠</span>。</span> <span>彼必不爲妄，真自有餘也；使<span class="zhuanming">思</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>暴<a class="zhuhao" href="#1491" id="1479">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">思大禪師</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">天台</span><span class="zhuanming">智者禪師</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【顗】魚豈切，靖也。</span> <span>彼必不爲暴，仁自有餘矣；使<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧始</span>妖<a class="zhuhao" href="#1492" id="1480">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">圖澄</span>如上。<span class="zhuanming">惠始</span>，<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>沙門<a class="zhuhao" href="#1493" id="1481">〔九〕</a>，甚有神異。五十餘年，未嘗寢卧。縱行泥塗，足不污，世謂白足也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00252','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P252</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暴】侵也。</span> <span>彼必不爲妖，神力自有餘矣；使<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>佞<a class="zhuhao" href="#1494" id="1482">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>住<span class="zhuanming">虎丘山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭昂</span>禮謁，不與相見，後門而遁。<span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span>撤宫闈之制，恣沙門遊踐。有司奏御座非沙門宜登，<span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>悖然踞坐，勵色抗聲曰：「貧道昔爲<span class="zhuanming">吴中</span><span class="zhuanming">顧郎</span>，尚不慚御榻」云云。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【旻】仁覆愍下謂之仁。【撤】去也。【宫】<span class="shuming">白虎通</span>曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1495" id="1483">〔一一〕</a>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>作宫室，以避寒暑。」宫中也。【闈】宫中門也。【厲】大也，惡也。</span> <span>彼必不爲佞，直自有餘矣。是以忠孝之門，不可使爲亂；德行之門，不可使爲濫<a class="zhuhao" href="#1496" id="1484">〔一二〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1473" id="1485">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僑</span>：<span class="zhuanming">子産</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">僑</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子産</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鄭穆公</span>之孫。　扎：當作「札」。<span class="zhuanming">季札</span>，<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span><span class="zhuanming">壽夢</span>第四子，稱<span class="zhuanming">公子札</span>，受封於<span class="zhuanming">延陵</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">常州</span>），史稱<span class="zhuanming">延陵季子</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的堂弟，犯五逆罪的惡比丘。參<span class="shuming">聖人生</span>篇注。　<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>：佛爲太子時之子，出家後斷欲界之煩惱，但因親近惡友，起否定因果之邪見，且向佛起惡心，生墮<span class="zhuanming">無間地獄</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1474" id="1486">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>：<span class="zhuanming">莊蹻</span>，<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span><span class="shuming">介立篇</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">莊蹻</span>之暴<span class="zhuanming">郢</span>也。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">莊蹻</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚成王</span>之大盜。」　<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>：<span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">盜跖</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>與<span class="zhuanming">柳下季</span>爲友，<span class="zhuanming">柳下季</span>之弟，名曰<span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>。<span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>從卒九千人，横行天下，侵暴諸侯。穴室樞户，驅人牛馬，取人婦女。貪得忘親，不顧父母兄弟，不祭先祖。所過之邑，大國守城，小國入保，萬民苦之。」　<span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>：<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>。「舍利」意譯「鶖鷺」，「弗」意譯「子」，因其母之眼似鶖鷺，故號爲<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，或<span class="zhuanming">舍利子</span>，亦稱<span class="zhuanming">身子</span>，佛十大弟子中「智慧第一」。　<span class="zhuanming">菽氏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">采菽氏</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">目犍連</span>。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷六：「<span class="zhuanming">采菽氏</span>，古譯<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語云<span class="zhuanming">大目乾連</span>，訛略不正。正<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語云<span class="zhuanming">摩訶没特伽羅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>云<span class="zhuanming">大采菽氏</span>，俗云<span class="zhuanming">菉豆子</span>，古仙人號也。<span class="zhuanming">目乾連</span>是此仙種，亦名<span class="zhuanming">俱利迦</span>，或名<span class="zhuanming">拘隸多</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">俱律陀</span>，皆一人之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00253','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P253</span></i>號。」佛十大弟子中「神通第一」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1475" id="1487">〔三〕</a>士君子：品德高尚﹑有學問的人。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">非相</span>：「有小人之辯者，有士君子之辯者，有聖人之辯者。不先慮，不早謀，發之而當，成文而類，居錯遷徙，應變不窮，是聖人之辯者也；先慮之，早謀之，斯須之言而足聽，文而致實，博而黨正，是士君子之辯者也。」　臺輿：奴僕及地位低下的人。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷三<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span><span class="shuming">東京賦</span>：「發京倉，散禁財，賚皇寮，逮輿臺。」<span class="zhuanming">張銑</span>注：「輿臺，賤職。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1476" id="1488">〔四〕</a>按：「十」疑爲「士」之脱訛。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公七年</span>：「天有十日，人有十等，下所以事上，上所以共神也。故王臣公，公臣大夫，大夫臣士，士臣皁，皁臣輿，輿臣隸，隸臣僚，僚臣僕，僕臣臺。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1477" id="1489">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">安</span>：<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1478" id="1490">〔六〕</a>安：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「定」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1479" id="1491">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">思</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧思</span>，「少以弘恕慈育知名」。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>：<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>，「卧便合掌，坐必面西。年一紀來，口不妄噉。見像便禮，逢僧必敬」。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1480" id="1492">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九有傳。頗多神異。　<span class="zhuanming">慧始</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋法琳</span><span class="shuming">破邪論</span>卷上：「沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧始</span>，甚有神異。<span class="zhuanming">赫連昌</span>破<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">慧始</span>身被白刃而體不傷。』五十餘年，未嘗寢卧。跣行泥塗，初不汙足，色逾鮮白。世號之『白脚阿練若』。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1481" id="1493">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">孝文帝</span>遷都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，改本姓<span class="zhuanming">拓跋</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">元</span>，故亦稱<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1482" id="1494">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">三國</span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>後。<span class="zhuanming">張緒</span>見而歎曰：「松柏雖小，已有陵雲之氣。」<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">顧氏</span>，本名<span class="zhuanming">浄藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五：「時<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>崇<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00254','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P254</span></i>信<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門，宫闕恣其遊踐。主者以負扆南面，域中一人。議以御坐之法，唯天子所升，沙門一不霑預。<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>聞之勃然厲色，即入金門，上正殿，踞法座，抗聲曰：『貧道昔爲<span class="zhuanming">吴中</span><span class="zhuanming">顧郎</span>，尚不慚御榻，況復迺祖<span class="zhuanming">定光金輪</span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子也。檀越若殺貧道即殺，不慮無受生之處。若付在尚方，獄中不妨行道。』即拂衣而起。帝遂罷敕，任從前法。斯跨略天子，高岸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1483" id="1495">〔一一〕</a>曰：原誤作「白」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1484" id="1496">〔一二〕</a>濫：過度，漫無準則。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「君子固窮，小人窮斯濫矣。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>飯僧，同衆御于地筵，頒食遲，衆疑將旰，不食。帝曰：「始可中耳。」<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>曰：「白日麗天，天言始中，何得非中？」遂取鉢便食，舉衆從之，帝大悦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1504" id="1497">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬乘之君，佛法之主，執去留之柄，有殺活之權。若固守小道而拒之，縱無興<a class="zhuhao" href="#1505" id="1498">〔二〕</a>廢之禍，得不乖於敬順之道乎？如<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>之見，深爲當矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【飯】餐也。【御】侍也，進也。【筵】蓆也。鋪陳曰筵，籍之曰席也。【頒】音班，布，分賜也。【將旰】將，欲也；下古按切，晚也。【舉】立也。【從】就也。【當】中也。</span> <span>斯蓋大人與天地同其德，日月同其明，故言中則中矣，況帝王之力可畏乎？故避焚不俟乎師姆<a class="zhuhao" href="#1506" id="1499">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">姆，女師也。大夫之妻，五十無子者，入宫爲女師。起坐得之方行，已嫁則不待也。<span class="zhuanming">宋伯姬</span>遭火，待姆不來而燒死，此爲執滯也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1507" id="1500">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姆】音茂，女師也。【避焚】<span class="zhuanming">宋伯姬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯宣公</span>女也。嫁於<span class="zhuanming">宋恭公</span>，公卒，<span class="zhuanming">伯姬</span>寡居。至<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">伯姬</span>之宫夜火，左右曰：「夫人少避火。」夫人曰：「婦人之義，保傅不見，夜不下堂。」遂死於火也。</span> <span>拯溺豈嫌於捽首<a class="zhuhao" href="#1508" id="1501">〔五〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">孟子</span>：如人父溺水，子捉頭髮以救之，亦不爲過。蓋皆取<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00255','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P255</span></i>其權急之宜故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【拯溺】上救也，助也。<span class="shuming">劉子</span>曰：孝子事親，和顔卑禮，盡其孝敬。及其溺也，則攬髮而拯之。非敢毁傷，以救死故，溺而捽父，權之設也。注如人父溺等，悮。<span class="zhuanming">淳于髡</span>曰：「男女授不親，禮與？」<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>曰：「嫂溺則援之以手乎？」曰：「嫂溺不援，是豺狼也。男女授受不親者，禮也。嫂溺援之以手者，禮也。」注非。</span> <span>蝮齧豈顧乎斷臂？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蝮，蛇類也。支體豈不愛惜？若遇蛇齧，懼死，故須斷也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蝮】虵也。【齧】五狡切。</span> <span>護法之理，通於神明<a class="zhuhao" href="#1509" id="1502">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲護法故，豈顧小節而已。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>臨終，門人進蜜漿，俾且慎，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">俾，使也。且謹慎，慮有乖違律方。</span> <span>檢律未得而終<a class="zhuhao" href="#1510" id="1503">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">無難，故依法行。</span> <span>彼克峻于己，使人則之無踰閑，一俯一仰有爲也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">閑，法也。己自嚴峻秉持，使後人依法則之而行也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1497" id="1504">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>：<span class="zhuanming">劉義隆</span>（公元四○七—四五三年），<span class="zhuanming">宋武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>第三子，公元四二四年即位，公元四五三年，爲太子<span class="zhuanming">劉劭</span>所殺。　飯僧：施飯。<span class="shuming">舊唐書</span><span class="shuming">李蔚傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">懿宗</span>奉佛太過，常於禁中飯僧，親爲贊唄。」　筵：竹席。　頒：同「攽」，頒發，分賞。　旰：晚。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷七上：「旰，晚也。」　不食：佛教戒律，過中不食。<span class="zhuanming">俞正燮</span><span class="shuming">癸巳存稿</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">午食</span>：「古以不能夕食爲病。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人言長年者訣：夜卧不覆首，晚飯少數口。避瘴者訣：稍飲卯前酒，莫吃申後飯，似非常行之道。學佛者則過午不食，謂是佛所制……佛以日午食者，乞他食故。」　可：大約。　<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>：<span class="zhuanming">道生</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1498" id="1505">〔二〕</a>興：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「具」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1499" id="1506">〔三〕</a>師姆：宫廷中掌管教導嬪妃禮儀的女官。<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">禮樂志八</span>：「傅姆導妃，司則前引，出於母左。師<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00256','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P256</span></i>姆在右，保姆在左。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1500" id="1507">〔四〕</a>方行：行爲方正，符合規範。按：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公三十年</span>：「甲午，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>大災。<span class="zhuanming">宋伯姬</span>卒，待姆也。君子謂<span class="zhuanming">宋共姬</span>：『女而不婦。女待人，婦義事也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1501" id="1508">〔五〕</a>捽：抓﹑揪。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一二上：「捽，持頭髮也。從手，卒聲。」　<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">離婁上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">淳于髡</span>曰：『男女授受不親，禮與？』<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>曰：『禮也。』曰：『嫂溺，則援之以手乎？』曰：『嫂溺不援，是豺狼也。男女授受不親，禮也。嫂溺援之以手者，權也。』」<span class="shuming">劉子</span>卷八<span class="shuming">明權</span>：「孝子之事親，和顔卑體，盡孝盡敬。及其溺也，則攬髮而拯之，非敢侮慢，以救死也。故溺而捽父，祝則名君，勢不得已，權之所設也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1502" id="1509">〔六〕</a>神明：神靈。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「陰陽合德，而剛柔有體，以體天地之變，以通神明之德。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「萬物變化，或生或成，是神明之德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1503" id="1510">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十二年八月初動散，至六日困篤。大德耆年，皆稽顙請飲豉酒，不許。又請飲米汁，不許。又請以蜜和水爲漿，乃命律師令披卷尋文，得飲與不？卷未半而終，春秋八十三矣。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">天保</span>中僧<span class="zhuanming">曇顯</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1517" id="1511">〔一〕</a>，莫知所來，飲啖同俗。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天保】<span class="zhuanming">齊文宣</span>年號。</span> <span>時放言宏遠，<span class="zhuanming">上統</span>知其異<a class="zhuhao" href="#1518" id="1512">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法上</span>爲僧統，故號<span class="zhuanming">上統</span>。</span> <span>密與交厚。時遇黄冠<span class="zhuanming">陸脩静</span>自<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>奔<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1519" id="1513">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">脩静</span>先在<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>，毁讟佛教<a class="zhuhao" href="#1520" id="1514">〔四〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>欲誅之，故奔<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，又求試也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讟】徒木切，謗也。【脩静】昔<span class="zhuanming">張陵</span>在<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，有求法者令輸米五斗，世稱米賊。其徒初名鬼卒，次名祭酒，大者名置頭祭酒，乃<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>之號。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>曰吾見一，卿<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00257','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P257</span></i>可舉二。</span> <span>敕沙門與<span class="zhuanming">静</span>徒十人對詔較量優劣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【較】音教，明也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">静</span>徒妖術所祝沙門衣鉢或至飛轉者，祝梁木或至横豎者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【梁】横曰梁，豎曰棟。</span> <span>顧沙門不能對而大言曰：「沙門所見一，我當見二。」帝命<span class="zhuanming">上統</span>，統求<span class="zhuanming">曇顯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>醉居會末。衆告曰：「某醉焉。」<span class="zhuanming">上</span>曰：「彼稱祭酒，正可醉人能對。」遽令掖舉昇座，既而笑舉一足曰：「吾已見一，卿<a class="zhuhao" href="#1521" id="1515">〔五〕</a>可二乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【掖】音亦，持臂曰掖。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">静</span>徒默恥。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>又命取<span class="zhuanming">稠禪師</span>衣鉢，俾彼祝之，終不可動。帝使舉之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">舉衣鉢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恥】慚心。【俾】使也。</span> <span>自一人至五耦，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【耦】二人對耕曰耦。五耦，十人。</span> <span>俱不起。置梁木上，祝之亦無驗。<span class="zhuanming">静</span>徒戰忸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戰忸，驚慚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忸】女六切，慚也。</span> <span>廢術而言曰：「佛自稱内。内，小也；謂我爲外。外，大也。」<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>應聲曰：「天子在内，百官在外。小大安悖哉？」<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人由是德乎我也。牛雖瘠，猶僨於豚上<a class="zhuhao" href="#1522" id="1516">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">瘠，瘦也。僨，僵也。豚，豕也。言牛雖瘦，若倒猶可壓於猪上也。言雖大劣，猶壓於小。此<span class="shuming">春秋</span>文，喻<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【廢】止也。【瘠】秦昔切，病也，瘦也。【僨】僵也，甫運切。【僵】音薑，仆也。【喻晉魯】<span class="shuming">昭十年傳</span>：<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>合諸侯于<span class="zhuanming">平丘</span>，<span class="zhuanming">叔向</span>責<span class="zhuanming">魯公</span>：寡君雖無德，有甲車四千乘。有牛雖瘦，猶僨於豕上已矣。</span> <span>何斯不然歟？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1511" id="1517">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇顯</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二三有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1512" id="1518">〔二〕</a>放言：放縱其言，不受拘束。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷六二<span class="shuming">荀韓鍾陳傳論</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>自中世以下，閹豎擅恣，故俗遂以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00258','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P258</span></i>遁身矯絜放言爲高。」　宏遠：遠大。　<span class="zhuanming">上統</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋法上</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">劉氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>二代，歷爲統師。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1513" id="1519">〔三〕</a>黄冠：道士之冠，借指道士。<span class="zhuanming">唐求</span><span class="shuming">題青城山范賢觀</span>：「數里緣山不厭難，爲尋真訣問黄冠。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1514" id="1520">〔四〕</a>毁讟：誹謗，非議。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="shuming">弗栗恃國</span>：「以輕慢心毁讟諸佛，以醜惡語詈辱衆僧。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1515" id="1521">〔五〕</a>卿：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「鄉」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1516" id="1522">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十三年</span>：「牛雖瘠，僨於豚上，其畏不死？」</span> </p><p> <span>國初，<span class="zhuanming">徐世勣</span>討<span class="zhuanming">河北</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1528" id="1523">〔一〕</a>，饋餫不給，王師且羸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1529" id="1524">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勣】音積，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">英國公</span>名。【餫】于問切，野饋曰餫。【羸】力爲切，瘦也。</span> <span>貸粮於寺，而僧曰：「常住不可<a class="zhuhao" href="#1530" id="1525">〔三〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">慧休</span>聞而告之曰：「若此舉無功，則國之虞矣。國虞而寺存，未之能也。」召其徒沮衆告師<a class="zhuhao" href="#1531" id="1526">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">召僧衆散告兵師而給散也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貸】他代切，借也。【慧休】<span class="zhuanming">唐初</span>高僧名。下篇云一鞋三十年，遇泥而跣也。【虞】憂也。【沮】慈吕切，注云止也。難用經阻壞，沮者散也。</span> <span>發廪賑食。<span class="zhuanming">神堯</span>初，欲罷<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教，唯<span class="zhuanming">河北</span>不被詔，以<span class="zhuanming">英公</span>表聞故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1532" id="1527">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">乾德</span>四年克<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">川</span>軍作亂，王師討<span class="zhuanming">全師雄</span>，軍食不給，<span class="zhuanming">彭州</span><span class="zhuanming">天台院</span>發衆僧倉廪以濟之。至<span class="zhuanming">開寶</span>六年，主上敕倍還，仍别加恩奬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【廪】力稔切，倉有屋曰廪。【賑】贍也，音震。【神堯】<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>徽號。【罷】音皮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1523" id="1528">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">徐世勣</span>（公元五九四—六六九年），字<span class="zhuanming">懋公</span>，亦作<span class="zhuanming">茂公</span>。<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>十一年（六三七），封<span class="zhuanming">英國公</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1524" id="1529">〔二〕</a>饋餫：運送糧餉。<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">李德裕傳</span>：「其部落衆寡，饋餫遠邇，曲折咸具。」　羸：疲困。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">問<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00259','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P259</span></i>喪</span>：「身病體羸。」<span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「羸，力垂反，劣也，疲也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1525" id="1530">〔三〕</a>常住：爲四種僧物之一，指僧院的公有財物。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1526" id="1531">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧休</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1527" id="1532">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">神堯</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐代</span>對<span class="zhuanming">高祖李淵</span>的尊稱。<span class="zhuanming">唐高宗</span><span class="zhuanming">上元</span>元年（六七四）八月，謚號「神堯皇帝」，<span class="zhuanming">天寶</span>十三年（七五四）二月，又上謚號「神堯大聖大光孝皇帝」。</span> </p><p> <span>近世<span class="zhuanming">遂州</span><span class="zhuanming">道謙</span>，體皃都偉，善講<span class="shuming">涅槃</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1536" id="1533">〔一〕</a>。時或以腥羶侑味，道俗甚不相與<a class="zhuhao" href="#1537" id="1534">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">謙</span>曰：「濟力爲講，願勿嫌也。」當盛暑殞，肌膏流浸，芬馥酷烈，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">酷，甚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【腥】豕肉臭也。【羶】式連切，羊臭也。【侑】音又，勸食也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：酬酢侑報也。【嫌】不平於也，又疑也。【殞】殁也。【肌膏】上膚也，下脂也。【芬馥】芬，芳也。下音伏，香氣皃。</span> <span>沉檀之不若<a class="zhuhao" href="#1538" id="1535">〔三〕</a>，邦里特申哀敬。故權道也，至至也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上至字，及也。下至字，極也。能及於至極之道也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沉檀】二木名，出<span class="zhuanming">交</span><span class="zhuanming">廣</span>之間，焚之甚香。【若】如也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1533" id="1536">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">道謙</span>：姓<span class="zhuanming">張氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">虞鄉</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">釋道愻</span>弟。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">道愻傳</span>有附傳。　都：美好。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">鄭風</span><span class="shuming">山有扶蘇</span>：「不見<span class="zhuanming">子都</span>。」<span class="shuming">傳</span>：「世之美好者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1534" id="1537">〔二〕</a>相與：相交往。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">大過</span>：「象曰：老夫女妻，過以相與也。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">淮陰侯列傳</span>：「此二人相與，天下至驩也，然而卒相禽者，何也？患生於多欲而人心難測也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1535" id="1538">〔三〕</a>沉檀：沉香和旃檀香。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00260','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P260</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「可與立，未可與權。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">論語</span>文。但可與立事，未可與權。道反於常道，先反而後合也。</span> <span>棠棣之華，偏其反而。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">棠棣，栘也，亦曰郁李。又云車下李，樹高三尺，已來二月開花，淺紅花稠。衆花先合後開，如常道也。此花先開後合，喻權道也，初似相反而後合道也。</span> <span>豈不爾思，室是遠而。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1545" id="1539">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">此是權道所喻之詩。豈不爾思賢人，爲賢人之室遠。此詩未足。下云：「未<a class="zhuhao" href="#1546" id="1540">〔二〕</a>之思也，夫何遠之有？」自是不思，思即及也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【棠棣】<span class="shuming">語</span>云「棠棣之華」，喻權之用，室則喻權之道。權者反而後合，故云偏其反而。不知權者示邇爲遠，故曰「豈不爾思，室是遠而」。子曰：未之思也，夫何遠之有？夫聖哲得權變之道者，出處語默，施爲皆美也。而人未達權變之道而行權變之用，轉遥也。<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>得其書，<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>得其言，<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔子</span>得其行，故可與立，未得其所以行，故未可與權，聖人而已。<span class="zhuanming">揚子</span>曰：聖人故多變也。言權變者，聖人可行也。</span> <span>誠不以難乎？故心惟貞一，機由俯仰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1547" id="1541">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貞，正也。行心存於正一，機權之道，則或俯或仰，不定也。</span> <span>事實至公，用若至私。而仁智觀其益，雖違而達也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1548" id="1542">〔四〕</a>。觀無益，當順而守也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1549" id="1543">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不必定執之也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>與<span class="zhuanming">西施</span>嚬，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">西施</span>，美女也。<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>，醜女也。嚬，戚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【厲】惡醜也。【西施】平聲。【嚬】音頻，有心痛之疾，每發則必捧心而嚬眉。</span> <span>所嚬是一而<span class="zhuanming">厲</span>知其不及，則若勿嚬，於知之艱矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1550" id="1544">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">西施</span>皃美，嚬戚而轉豔。東鄰醜女本醜，效<span class="zhuanming">西施</span>，嚬戚而轉醜也。此意喻<span class="zhuanming">修静</span>等求試而轉乖也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1539" id="1545">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子曰：『可與共學，未可與適道；可與適道，未可與立；可與立，未可與權。唐棣之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00261','1865868',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P261</span></i>華，偏其反而。豈不爾思，室是遠而。』子曰：『未之思也，夫何遠之有？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1540" id="1546">〔二〕</a>未：原誤作「末」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1541" id="1547">〔三〕</a>貞一：守正專一。<span class="zhuanming">劉向</span><span class="shuming">列女傳</span><span class="shuming">魯寡陶嬰</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">嬰</span>寡，終身不改，君子謂<span class="zhuanming">陶嬰</span>貞一而思。」　機：機巧，靈活。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1542" id="1548">〔四〕</a>違：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷二下：「違，離也。」　達：通曉，理解。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1543" id="1549">〔五〕</a>當順而守：謂順著事理或情勢而持守。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">勢</span>：「既成其功，順守其從，人不能代。」<span class="zhuanming">尹知章</span>注：「以順理守之，所謂逆取順守者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1544" id="1550">〔六〕</a>艱：<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>：「艱，難也。」<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天運</span>：「故<span class="zhuanming">西施</span>病心而矉其里，其里之醜人見而美之，歸亦捧心而矉其里。其里之富人見之，堅閉門而不出；貧人見之，挈妻子而去之走。彼知矉美而不知矉之所以美。」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
佩文韻府卷二十七之三引文一條
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133733" key="1133733"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録四　歷代文獻徵引北山録文舉要 &gt; 佩文韻府卷二十七之三引文一條 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133734" key="1133734"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00841','1865901',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P841</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000054">佩文韻府卷二十七之三引文一條</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>曰：常欲齋戒不殺，不獲從志。<span class="zhuanming">跋摩</span>曰：刑不夭命，役無勞力，使風雨順時，百穀滋繁。如此不殺，德亦衆矣。寧在缺半日之餐，全一禽之命，然後爲弘濟耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">（見<span class="shuming">釋賓問</span>第八。此條又見同書卷六十七之三引：<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>曰：弟子常欲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00842','1865901',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P842</span></i>齋戒不殺，不獲從志，<span class="zhuanming">跋摩</span>曰：刑不夭命，役無勞力。如此持齋，齋亦大矣。如此不殺，德亦衆矣。寧在缺半日之食，全一禽之命，方爲弘濟耶？）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">文淵閣</span><span class="shuming">四庫全書</span>本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
[卷第四　宗師議第七]
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv417239" key="417239"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第四　宗師議第七 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133736" key="1133736"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00262','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P262</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000018"><b>北山録卷第四</b></p><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000019">宗師議第七<span class="font12 zhu">議經﹑律﹑論﹑禪各有師承宗祖之道。</span></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">柰苑</span>餘波<a class="zhuhao" href="#1560" id="1551">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>肇流。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">波羅奈國</span>之苑也，亦云<span class="zhuanming">婆羅痆斯國</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">江<a class="zhuhao" href="#1561" id="1552">〔二〕</a>遶城</span>。以江遶城，種於花木，有苑號<span class="zhuanming">鹿野</span>，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>常於此説法。<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年，佛法始流於此，故云肇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餘波】佛之聲教。【波羅奈】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>言鹿苑。【波羅痆斯國】<span class="zhuanming">三藏</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>名也。痆，女黠切。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>之東，暨于流沙，風光漸遠<a class="zhuhao" href="#1562" id="1553">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>之西<a class="zhuhao" href="#1563" id="1554">〔四〕</a>，山最高者曰<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>，以其蔥翠故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暨】至也。</span> <span>被于<span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>，在於<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>世。微有經學，禪律未融。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">融，明也。自<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>等創賫<span class="shuming">四十二章經</span>至，又<span class="zhuanming">安清</span>等持經像到，然未曉禪律<a class="zhuhao" href="#1564" id="1555">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span>人雖落髮，事猶類俗。衣無條葉，食通餚胾。供會齋懺，頗均祠祀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1565" id="1556">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧無戒律，與俗不異。衣謂袈裟，此云壞色。有三種衣，一僧伽梨，此云合成。割之重合，三長一短也。二鬱多羅僧，此云上著衣，最在上者，兩長一短，今七條也。三安陀會，此云中宿衣，謂近身，即五條也，亦謂執作衣。此乃三衣也。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>皆令割截以爲條葉，取象稻田，蓋取出生福慧義。餚胾，肉也。均，同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餚胾】非穀而食曰餚；下側吏切，大臠也。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：凡進食之禮，左餚右胾。【袈裟】此云不正色，或云壞色。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">朱士衡</span>爲出家首焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1566" id="1557">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">士衡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">潁川</span>人。出家後，以大法爲己任，於<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>講<span class="shuming">小品</span>，往往不通。每歎此經大乘之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00263','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P263</span></i>要，而譯理不盡，遂往至<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>，果獲正品<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>本，遣弟子送歸<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>小乘白王云：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地僧以婆羅門書惑亂正典。」因焚之，不損。即今<span class="shuming">放光般若</span>是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1567" id="1558">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【朱士衡】<span class="shuming">開皇録</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">魏齊帝</span><span class="zhuanming">甘露</span>五年，<span class="zhuanming">朱士衡</span>出家，爲沙門首。又<span class="shuming">漢法本内傳</span>及<span class="shuming">僧史略</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span>聽<span class="zhuanming">陽城侯</span><span class="zhuanming">劉峻</span>等出家，僧之首也。<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>女<span class="zhuanming">阿潘</span>等出家，尼之首也。<span class="shuming">經録三藏記傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>雖譯經，人未剃落。<span class="zhuanming">朱士衡</span>首出家，猶稱俗姓。至<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，方通姓<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>，自此爲始。義疑，故兩序之。【于闐】<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>去<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>一萬一千七百里。【放光般若】<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">曇無讖羅叉</span>與<span class="zhuanming">竺叔闌</span>譯，凡三十卷<a class="zhuhao" href="#1568" id="1559">〔九〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1551" id="1560">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">柰苑</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>最初説四諦法度五比丘的地方。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1552" id="1561">〔二〕</a>江：原誤作「注」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1553" id="1562">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">活國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>者，據<span class="zhuanming">贍部州</span>中，南接<span class="zhuanming">大雪山</span>，北至<span class="zhuanming">熱海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">千泉</span>，西至<span class="zhuanming">活國</span>，東至<span class="zhuanming">烏鎩國</span>。東西南北各數千里，崖嶺數百重，幽谷險峻，恒積冰雪，寒風勁烈。多出葱，故謂<span class="zhuanming">葱嶺</span>；又以山崖葱翠，遂以名焉。」　流沙：指沙漠地區。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">瞿薩旦那國</span>：「從此東行，入大流沙。沙則流漫，集散隨風。人行無跡，遂多迷路。四遠茫茫，莫知所指。是以往來者聚遺骸以記之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1554" id="1563">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷三：「東方屬震，是日出之方，故云<span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1555" id="1564">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>：意譯<span class="zhuanming">法寶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>人。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。　創：<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>：「創，始也。」　<span class="zhuanming">安清</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">世高</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安息國</span>太子。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1556" id="1565">〔六〕</a>供：供養。<span class="shuming">法華玄贊</span>卷二（本）：「進財行爲供，有攝資名養。」　會：法會。　齋：過午不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00264','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P264</span></i>食。　懺：這裏當指懺法。拜懺的儀制，有慈悲懺法﹑水懺法﹑<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>懺法﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿彌陀</span>懺法﹑圓通懺法﹑法華懺法﹑方等懺法﹑金光明懺法﹑吉祥懺法等等。　祠祀：祭祀。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孝文本紀</span>：「（今崩）毋禁取婦﹑嫁女﹑祠祀﹑飲酒食肉者。」<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">王縉傳</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">代宗</span>喜祠祀，而未重<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>法。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1557" id="1566">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">朱士衡</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>作「朱士行」，<span class="zhuanming">潁川</span>人。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1558" id="1567">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">小品</span>：即<span class="shuming">小品般若經</span>，爲大乘佛教最初説般若空觀的基礎經典之一，有十餘種異譯，<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯爲<span class="shuming">小品摩訶般若波羅蜜經</span>。　<span class="shuming">放光般若</span>：即<span class="shuming">大品般若經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1559" id="1568">〔九〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">朱世行傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>居士<span class="zhuanming">竺叔蘭</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>人，父世避難居于<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>。<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>少好遊獵，後經暫死，備見業果，因改勵專精，深崇正法，博究衆音，善於<span class="zhuanming">梵</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之語。又有<span class="zhuanming">無羅叉比丘</span>，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>道士。稽古多學，乃手執<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">叔蘭</span>譯爲<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>文，稱爲<span class="shuming">放光波若</span>。皮牒故本，今在<span class="zhuanming">豫章</span>。至<span class="zhuanming">太安</span>二年，<span class="zhuanming">支孝龍</span>就<span class="zhuanming">叔蘭</span>一時寫五部，校爲定本。時未有品目，舊本十四匹縑，令寫爲二十卷。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏初</span>，<span class="zhuanming">曇柯羅</span>創傳戒法。金牒玉檢，五篇七聚<a class="zhuhao" href="#1574" id="1569">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>也。佛法入<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，戒律自<span class="zhuanming">柯羅</span>始也。波羅夷﹑僧殘﹑波逸提﹑提舍尼﹑突吉羅五篇也。加偷蘭遮﹑惡作惡説<a class="zhuhao" href="#1575" id="1570">〔二〕</a>，是爲七聚。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魏初】謂<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span><span class="zhuanming">黄初</span>年，注云<span class="zhuanming">元初</span>者，非也。【金牒玉檢者】<span class="shuming">唐禮樂志</span>云：玉牒長一尺三寸，廣厚五寸。玉檢如之，厚減三寸，廣厚五寸。天子封<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>，以牒檢通意於天。事畢，封玉檢於山上，納金牒於太廟。今<span class="shuming">録</span>引其文，譬如經也云云。</span> <span>繩口體之愆違，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">繩，正也。口過有四：妄言﹑綺語﹑兩舌﹑惡口。身有三種：殺﹑盜﹑婬。持戒律能正之，使無過也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【繩】食陵切，如世之繩墨，去材之曲，取直也。</span> <span>節服饌之慢易<a class="zhuhao" href="#1576" id="1571">〔三〕</a>。烈烈<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00265','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P265</span></i>乎商飆，淒淒乎寒霜，秩秩乎科條<a class="zhuhao" href="#1577" id="1572">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">烈烈，威也。淒淒，嚴也。秩秩，清也。言戒法嚴峻也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【商飈】下音標，金風也。肅清萬物。【淒淒】寒也，肅也，殺也。【秩秩】直一切，積也，次也，常也，序也。又，進知皃也。</span> <span>不威而肅，不刑而治。<span class="zhuanming">神州</span>有沙門，自<span class="zhuanming">柯羅</span>始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1578" id="1573">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>雖有沙門，而戒律未備。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【肅】敬也，戒也。【神州】<span class="shuming">神州記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>之東南方五千里曰<span class="zhuanming">神州</span>，亦名曰<span class="zhuanming">赤縣</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1569" id="1574">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇柯羅</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">曇柯迦羅</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">曇摩柯羅</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">曇柯羅</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">法時</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span><span class="zhuanming">黄初</span>三年（二二二）至<span class="zhuanming">許昌</span>，或説<span class="zhuanming">嘉平</span>二年（二五○）至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。於<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span><span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>譯出<span class="shuming">僧祇律戒本</span>一卷，並請<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧制定羯磨法，傳授戒律，爲<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>授戒度僧之始。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。　金牒：佛教經典。　玉檢：玉牒書。這裏也指佛經。　五篇：依犯戒的輕重分爲五等：一﹑波羅夷，意譯「斷頭」。其罪最重，如斷頭而不能再生，不得復爲比丘。二﹑僧殘，比丘犯此罪，向僧衆懺悔，以全殘命，故名僧殘。三﹑波逸提，意譯「墮」，墮獄之人。四﹑提舍尼，意譯「向彼悔」，向其他比丘懺悔，便得除滅之罪。五﹑突吉羅，意譯「惡作惡説」，謂身惡作﹑口惡説。　七聚：分犯戒爲七等。參下注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1570" id="1575">〔二〕</a>偷蘭遮：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語「偷蘭」，意譯「大遮」，即遮障善道。<span class="zhuanming">華</span><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>兼稱，故云「偷蘭遮」，謂大障一切善根。　惡作惡説：突吉羅中分出惡説，以成七聚。惡説者，謂口好惡説，多諸論議。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1571" id="1576">〔三〕</a>節：節制，管束。<span class="shuming">論論</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「有所不行，知和而和。不以禮節之，亦不可行也。」　饌：飲食。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">天官</span><span class="shuming">酒正</span>：「掌其厚薄之齊，以共王之四飲三酒之饌。」　慢易：輕慢。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">内業</span>：「思索生知，慢易生憂。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">張耳陳餘列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>從<span class="zhuanming">平城</span>過<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>朝夕袒韝蔽，自上食，禮甚卑，有子壻禮。<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>箕踞詈，甚慢易之。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00266','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P266</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1572" id="1577">〔四〕</a>商飆：秋風。<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">園葵詩</span>：「時逝柔風戢，歲暮商猋飛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1573" id="1578">〔五〕</a>沙門：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語音譯，或譯爲「娑門」﹑「桑門」﹑「喪門」等，出家佛教徒的總稱。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">漢末</span><span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>，並遐域之畸人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1583" id="1579">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">世高</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安息國</span>王太子。<span class="zhuanming">僧會</span>，<span class="zhuanming">康居國</span>王太子。所謂方外而不偶人俗者也。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「畸人者，畸於人而侔於天也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【安息國】<span class="shuming">漢書</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">安息國</span>去<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>二萬五千里。【畸人】音羇，言畸於人而謀侔於天。【偶】合也。【侔】等也。</span> <span>學究天人之奥，德動鬼神之契。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孫皓</span>將禁淫祀，及欲毁廢，令<span class="zhuanming">張昱</span>詰難<span class="zhuanming">會</span>，盡日不能屈也。<span class="zhuanming">世高</span>遊至<span class="zhuanming">䢼亭</span>，湖神乃見，因化之而捨惡趣也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1584" id="1580">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【契】約也。【䢼亭】湖名，在<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span>。</span> <span>至若智參幽運，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>如不及<a class="zhuhao" href="#1585" id="1581">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">世高</span>知有宿債而兩來酬之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【智參幽運者】<span class="zhuanming">世高</span>自説前身出家，有一同學性多嗔恚，<span class="zhuanming">高</span>謂曰：「卿以此故，當受惡形，我必相度。吾今往<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，以償宿債。」路逢一人，拔刀向<span class="zhuanming">高</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高</span>遂引頸受刃死。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>還爲<span class="zhuanming">安息國</span>王太子，即今<span class="zhuanming">世高</span>。僧後年長，遊<span class="zhuanming">䢼亭湖</span>，廟神呼<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：「昔與子同學，我今壽盡旦夕，懼墮地獄。有絹千疋及雜寶等，願爲營塔。」神乃現蟒身。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>向之讚唄，蟒悲泣而退。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>以物造寺，後山西澤中見一死蟒，頭尾數里。今<span class="zhuanming">潯陽</span><span class="zhuanming">蛇村</span>是也。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>後至<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>，見害己者尚在，説昔日事已，云：「吾猶應有餘報。」<span class="zhuanming">高</span>遂至<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>，便入市中，有亂相打者，悮中<span class="zhuanming">高</span>，應時殞命。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>乃兩酬宿債者也。【參】承受也。【宿】音玉，先也，大也，素也。</span> <span>制作垂文，<span class="zhuanming">會</span>或過之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">會</span>才辯立言成典也。</span> <span>自是已前，師訓未彰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>至<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>，雖有翻譯，未甚流美也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">會</span>之牆仞，莫有得其門者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1586" id="1582">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>云：「夫子之牆數仞，得其門者寡。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【牆仞莫】七尺曰仞。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">叔孫武叔</span>語大夫於朝曰：『<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>賢於<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『譬之宫牆，<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>之牆也及肩，闚<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00267','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P267</span></i>見室家之好惡。夫子之牆數仞，不得其門而入，不見宗廟之美，百官之富，得其門者寡矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1579" id="1583">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">安清傳</span>：「以<span class="zhuanming">漢桓</span>之初，始到中夏。才悟機敏，一聞能達，至止未久，即通習<span class="zhuanming">華</span>言，於是宣譯衆經，改胡爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，出<span class="shuming">安般守意</span>﹑<span class="shuming">陰持入</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大</span>﹑<span class="shuming">小</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門</span>及<span class="shuming">百六十品</span>。」　<span class="zhuanming">康僧會</span>：其先<span class="zhuanming">康居</span>人，世居<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>十年，初達<span class="zhuanming">建鄴</span>。受到<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>信敬，爲建佛塔，造佛寺。「以始有佛寺故，號<span class="zhuanming">建初寺</span>，因名其地爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀里</span>。由是<span class="zhuanming">江左</span>大法遂興。」<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。　畸人：奇異不同流俗之人。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『敢問畸人？』曰：『畸人者，畸於人而侔於天。』」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「畸者，不耦之名也。修行無有，而疏外形體，乖異人倫，不耦於俗。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1580" id="1584">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">康僧會傳</span>：「至<span class="zhuanming">孫皓</span>即政，法令岢虐，廢棄淫祀，乃及佛寺，並欲毁之。……<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>遣<span class="zhuanming">張昱</span>詣寺詰<span class="zhuanming">會</span>。<span class="zhuanming">昱</span>雅有才辯，難問縱横。<span class="zhuanming">會</span>應機騁詞，文理鋒出。自旦之夕，<span class="zhuanming">昱</span>不能屈。」　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">安清傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">高</span>遊化<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，宣經事畢，值<span class="zhuanming">靈帝</span>之末，<span class="zhuanming">關</span><span class="zhuanming">雒</span>擾亂，乃振錫<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>。云：『我當過<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，度昔同學。』行達<span class="zhuanming">䢼亭湖廟</span>。此廟舊有靈威，商旅祈禱，乃分風上下，各無留滯。嘗有乞神竹者，未許輒取，舫即覆没，竹還本處。自是舟人敬憚，莫不懾影。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>同旅三十餘船，奉牲請福。神乃降祝曰：『船有沙門，可便呼上。』客咸驚愕，請<span class="zhuanming">高</span>入廟，神告<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：『吾昔外國與子俱出家學道，好行布施，而性多嗔怒。今爲<span class="zhuanming">䢼亭廟</span>神，周迴千里，並吾所治。以布施故，珍玩甚豐。以嗔恚故，墮此神報。今見同學，悲欣可言。壽盡旦夕，而醜形長大。若於此捨命，穢污江湖。當度山西澤中。此身滅後，恐墮地獄。吾有絹千疋，並雜寶物，可爲立法營塔，使生善處也。』<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：『故來相度，何不出形？』神曰：『形甚醜異，衆人必懼。』<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：『但出，衆人不怪也。」神從床後出頭，乃是大蟒，不知尾之長短。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00268','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P268</span></i>至<span class="zhuanming">高</span>膝邊，<span class="zhuanming">高</span>向之<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語數番，讚唄數契。蟒悲淚如雨，須臾還隱，<span class="zhuanming">高</span>即取絹物，辭别而去。舟侣颺帆，蟒復出身，登山而望。衆人舉手，然後乃滅。倏忽之頃，便達<span class="zhuanming">豫章</span>，即以廟物造<span class="zhuanming">東寺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>去後，神即命過。暮有一少年，上船長跪<span class="zhuanming">高</span>前，受其呪願，忽然不見。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>謂船人曰：『向之少年，即<span class="zhuanming">䢼亭廟</span>神，得離惡形矣。』於是廟神歇末，無復靈驗。後人於山西澤中，見一死蟒，頭尾數里。今<span class="zhuanming">潯陽郡</span><span class="zhuanming">蛇村</span>是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1581" id="1585">〔三〕</a>參：探究，領悟。　幽運：指人不能知的命運。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷六六<span class="shuming">陳王傳贊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陳蕃</span>蕪室，志清天綱，人謀雖緝，幽運未當。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「<span class="shuming">易下繫</span>曰：『人謀鬼謀。』言<span class="zhuanming">蕃</span>設謀雖合，而冥運未符也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1582" id="1586">〔四〕</a>牆仞：喻賢者之門。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子張</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">叔孫武叔</span>語大夫於朝曰：『<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>賢於<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">子服景伯</span>以告<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『譬之宫牆，<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>之牆也及肩，窺見室家之好。夫子之牆數仞，不得其門而入，不見宗廟之美，百官之富。得其門者或寡矣。夫子之云，不亦宜乎！』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>世有<span class="zhuanming">月支</span>人<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>，受業於<span class="zhuanming">支亮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>受業於<span class="zhuanming">支讖</span>。語曰：「天下博知，不出三<span class="zhuanming">支</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1589" id="1587">〔一〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本<span class="zhuanming">月支國</span>優婆塞，<span class="zhuanming">漢末</span>遊<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，精究成藝，徧通異書，曉六國語，多所探習也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">謙</span>爲人細長黑瘦，眼白而睛黄，語云：「<span class="zhuanming">支郎</span><span class="zhuanming">支郎</span>眼中黄，形軀雖細是智囊。」<span class="zhuanming">漢末</span>，避難歸<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>拜爲博士，輔東宫，與<span class="zhuanming">韋曜</span>同列，而<span class="shuming">吴誌</span>不載，史臣之不直也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">東宫即太子<span class="zhuanming">和</span>也，遭譖而廢。<span class="zhuanming">韋曜</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">弘嗣</span>，好學善屬文，遷太子中庶，後累遷至侍中，脩<span class="shuming">吴史</span>未就，爲<span class="zhuanming">孫皓</span>所誅<a class="zhuhao" href="#1590" id="1588">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【韋曜】字<span class="zhuanming">弘嗣</span>。有本貢賢者，悮。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00269','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P269</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1587" id="1589">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">康僧會</span>：「先有優婆塞<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">恭明</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">越</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">月支</span>人，來遊<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>境。初<span class="zhuanming">漢桓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">靈</span>之世，有<span class="zhuanming">支讖</span>譯出衆經。有<span class="zhuanming">支亮</span>字<span class="zhuanming">紀明</span>，資學於<span class="zhuanming">讖</span>。<span class="zhuanming">謙</span>又受業於<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>。博覽經籍，莫不精究。世間伎藝，多所綜習。遍學異書，通六國語。其爲人細長黑瘦，眼多白而睛黄，時人爲之語曰：『<span class="zhuanming">支郎</span>眼中黄，形軀雖細是智囊。』<span class="zhuanming">漢獻</span>末亂，避地于<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>聞其才慧，召見，悦之。拜爲博士，使輔導東宫，與<span class="zhuanming">韋曜</span>諸人共盡匡益。但生自外域，故<span class="shuming">吴志</span>不載。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1588" id="1590">〔二〕</a>太子<span class="zhuanming">和</span>：<span class="zhuanming">孫和</span>。<span class="zhuanming">赤烏</span>五年立爲太子。因與<span class="zhuanming">全公主</span>不睦，爲公主所譖，<span class="zhuanming">權</span>廢之，後自殺。　<span class="zhuanming">韋曜</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>（公元二○四—二七三年），少好學，能屬文。<span class="zhuanming">孫亮</span>時，爲太史令，與<span class="zhuanming">華核</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">薛瑩</span>等同撰<span class="shuming">吴書</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孫皓</span>即位，<span class="zhuanming">昭</span>屢忤其意，卒下獄殺之。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>有<span class="shuming">普曜經</span>，莫究孰爲譯者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1595" id="1591">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一卷，入藏見行。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【普曜經】<span class="shuming">經目録</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="shuming">普曜經</span>八卷，不出譯人，藏亦無。一卷者，非也。</span> <span>夫草昧至言，於忿慾之俗，則必鑿枘鉏鋙<a class="zhuhao" href="#1596" id="1592">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">枘，鑿柄也。鉏鋙，不齊貌。<span class="shuming">楚詞</span>云：「不量鑿而正枘而木破矣，如以善而投惡。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【草昧】亂暗。【枘】而鋭切，鑿金田也。【鉏鋙】上床吕切，下音語，不相當也。又，相拒皃。若鑿圓穴，斫方木内之，必參差不相入。言工不量鑿之方正而定木，則物必因木破矣。</span> <span>疑謗紛糺，非神德尊威之賢<a class="zhuhao" href="#1597" id="1593">〔三〕</a>，則無崇功被物。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【糺】居黝切，督也，急也。</span> <span>而<span class="shuming">蜀志</span>不記傳其人者，蓋<span class="zhuanming">劉氏</span>將欲反<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>舊物，興戎于<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，遊玄之教雖弘，元匠之勳未顯，遂使後世集録者耿然追恨<a class="zhuhao" href="#1598" id="1594">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉備</span>承<span class="zhuanming">漢獻</span>之末，三分據<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，北有霸<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>之讐，東有<span class="zhuanming">孫吴</span>之敵。積穀訓兵，干戈日阻。豈暇弘闡於空寂之教哉？又<span class="zhuanming">陳壽</span><span class="shuming">蜀志</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">諸葛相</span>失<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00270','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P270</span></i>在不置史官，是以無文而載矣。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【記傳】上志疏也，下平﹑去二音，轉示後人也。【反】復反<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>天下也。【舊物】<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：復<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>之迹不失舊。【元匠】大工也。【耿】耿不安皃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1591" id="1595">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">普曜經</span>：主要講述<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>降生﹑成長及成佛的事蹟。<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>卷二：「<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="shuming">普曜經</span>八卷（似是<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>土所出第一譯）」並云：「<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="shuming">普曜</span>等八十三部二百五十五卷，闕本。」後代較流行的是<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>譯<span class="shuming">普曜經</span>八卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1592" id="1596">〔二〕</a>草昧：猶創始。<span class="shuming">隋書</span>卷二<span class="shuming">高祖紀下</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">申明公穆</span>等）登庸納揆之時，草昧經綸之日，丹誠大節，心盡帝圖，茂績殊勳，力宣王府。」　忿：即忿怒。爲二十種隨煩惱之一。　慾：同「欲」，欲望﹑欲求，亦即引起人貪愛的心。欲有正欲和邪欲，正欲是追求真理，邪欲是貪愛五欲。　鑿枘：喻兩者不相投合。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">離騷</span>：「不量鑿而正枘兮，固前修以菹醢。」　鉏鋙：互相抵觸，格格不入。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">九辯</span>：「圜鑿而方枘兮，吾固知其鉏鋙而難入。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1593" id="1597">〔三〕</a>神德：高潔的品德。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">賈誼惜誓</span>：「彼聖人之神德兮，遠濁世而自藏。」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「言彼神智之鳥，乃與聖人合德，見非其時，則遠藏匿跡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1594" id="1598">〔四〕</a>舊物：指舊的典章制度。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公元年</span>：「祀<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>配天，不失舊物。」引申指國家舊有的基業。　興戎：發動戰争。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「惟口出好興戎，朕言不再。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「興戎，謂疾人而動甲兵。」　元匠：巨匠，大師。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">釋僧濟</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">濟</span>）年始過立，便出邑開講，歷當元匠。」　耿然：憾恨貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">柏舟</span>：「耿耿不寐，如有隱憂。」　按：<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">蜀書</span><span class="shuming">後主傳</span>：「又國不置史，注記無官，是以行事多遺，災異靡書。<span class="zhuanming">諸葛亮</span>雖達於爲政，凡此之類，猶有未周焉。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00271','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P271</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>初，<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>時號<span class="zhuanming">焞煌菩薩</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1602" id="1599">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>，<span class="zhuanming">焞煌</span>人。八歲出家，後往西國。篤志好學，萬里尋師，<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>方之<span class="zhuanming">山巨源</span>，譯<span class="shuming">正法華</span>等經。<span class="zhuanming">晉惠</span>時，卒於<span class="zhuanming">澠池</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【澠池】上音湎，<span class="zhuanming">河南府</span>西縣名也。</span> <span>門下有作者七人，其始譯<span class="shuming">正法華</span>，既定詁訓，命<span class="zhuanming">康那律</span>講授，諷誦者翕然爲美<a class="zhuhao" href="#1603" id="1600">〔二〕</a>。至<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>世，重譯爲<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華</span>。而<span class="zhuanming">護</span>所譯，稍潛其耀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">羅什</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>年於<span class="zhuanming">逍遥園</span>重譯，於世盛行。<span class="shuming">正法華</span>稍歇，今在藏内。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【作者七人】七人者，譯經科三：<span class="zhuanming">聶承遠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道真</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>。解科<span class="zhuanming">護</span>門人有四：<span class="zhuanming">竺法乘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法行</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法存</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">康僧律</span>。【詁訓】上音古。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：有譯訓譯。【翕】音吸，聚也，合也。【稍潛】稍，小也。潛，藏也。</span> <span>蓋覩大輅者，不以椎輪爲貴也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1604" id="1601">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">文選</span>云：「椎輪爲大輅之始，大輅寧有於椎輪之質？增冰爲積水所成，積水增微於曾冰之凛。」椎輪，古棧車也。大輅，玉輅也。得華忘樸之義。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輅】音路，車輅也。輅者，言行於道路也。【棧】仕諫切，<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：棚也。一曰竹木之車曰棧。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：有棧之車，聖乘棧也。【積水增微】增是曾字，則也。微，無也。【曾冰】一應云增冰。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1599" id="1602">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">竺曇摩羅刹傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺曇摩羅刹</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">法護</span>，其先<span class="zhuanming">月支</span>人，本姓<span class="zhuanming">支氏</span>。世居<span class="zhuanming">燉煌郡</span>。……自<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，沿路傳譯，寫爲<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>文。所獲<span class="shuming">賢劫</span>﹑<span class="shuming">正法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">光讚</span>等一百六十五部。孜孜所務，唯以弘通爲業。終身寫譯，勞不告勌。經法所以廣流<span class="zhuanming">中華</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">護</span>之力也。……後<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>制<span class="shuming">道賢論</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>七僧，方竹林七賢。以<span class="zhuanming">護</span>匹<span class="zhuanming">山巨源</span>，論云：『<span class="zhuanming">護公</span>德居物宗，<span class="zhuanming">巨源</span>位登論道。二公風德高遠，足爲流輩矣。』其見美後代如此。……<span class="zhuanming">護</span>世居<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>，而化道周給，時人咸謂『<span class="zhuanming">燉煌菩薩</span>』也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1600" id="1603">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">法華傳記</span>卷一：「<span class="zhuanming">護</span>更至<span class="zhuanming">太康</span>七年丙午，廣譯成十卷，名<span class="shuming">正法華經</span>者是也。<span class="zhuanming">永熙</span>元年八月二十<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00272','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P272</span></i>八日，比丘<span class="zhuanming">康那律</span>於<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>寫之竟。時與清戒界節優婆塞<span class="zhuanming">張季博</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蕫景玄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉長</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武長文</span>等，手執經本，詣白馬容，對與<span class="zhuanming">法護</span>，口挍古訓，講出深義。以九月本齋十四日，於<span class="zhuanming">東牛寺</span>中施檀大會，講誦此經，竟日盡夜。」　翕然：一致貌。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">張馮汲鄭傳</span><span class="shuming">鄭當時</span>：「聞人之善言，進之上，唯恐後。山東諸公以此翕然稱<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>莊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1601" id="1604">〔三〕</a>大輅：玉輅，即天子所乘之車。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">顧命</span>：「大輅在賓階面。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「大輅，玉。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="shuming">周禮</span>巾車掌王之五輅：玉輅﹑金輅﹑象輅﹑革輅﹑木輅，是爲五輅也……大輅，輅之最大，故知大輅，玉輅也。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「所謂大輅者，天子之車也。」　椎輪：原始的無輻車輪。亦以指棧車。<span class="zhuanming">蕭統</span><span class="shuming">文選序</span>：「若夫椎輪爲大輅之始，大輅寧有椎輪之質？」<span class="zhuanming">吕向</span>注：「椎輪，古棧車。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">護</span>門<span class="zhuanming">法乘</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">竺法乘</span>，依<span class="zhuanming">法護</span>爲沙彌。幼而神悟，玄鑒過人。有詐投<span class="zhuanming">護</span>，急求錢二十萬，<span class="zhuanming">護</span>未答。<span class="zhuanming">乘</span>年十三，在師側，即語云：「和尚已相許前人。」果非求財者，將觀<span class="zhuanming">護</span>之道德也。</span> <span>才慧俊拔。<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>方諸<span class="zhuanming">王濬沖</span>，以皆少有機悟之鑒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1606" id="1605">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王戎</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">濬沖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太原</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">渾</span>之子。與<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>友，少之二十歲，相得如時輩。每至某家，輒之<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>室。謂其父曰：「<span class="zhuanming">濬沖</span>清尚，非卿倫也。與卿語不如<span class="zhuanming">阿戎</span>矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1605" id="1606">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">竺法乘傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺法乘</span>，未詳何人。幼而神悟超絶，懸鑒過人，依<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>爲沙彌。清真有志氣，<span class="zhuanming">護</span>甚嘉焉。……<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">道賢論</span>以<span class="zhuanming">乘</span>比<span class="zhuanming">王濬沖</span>，論云：『<span class="zhuanming">法乘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安豐</span>少有機悟之鑒，雖道俗殊操，阡陌可以相准。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">竺法雅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1611" id="1607">〔一〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">河間</span>人，擬正有度，少善外學，長達佛經。才思俊贍，時賢企慕。兼善著述。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00273','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P273</span></i>【濬】深也。【企】望也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">康法朗</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">中山</span>人，善戒節，西遊諸國還。</span> <span>以經中義類擬議儒書，爲生解之例，謂之「格義」，以訓門學<a class="zhuhao" href="#1612" id="1608">〔二〕</a>。嘗與<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法汏</span>講談諸經<a class="zhuhao" href="#1613" id="1609">〔三〕</a>，皆妙盡其要。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法汰】汰字悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">朗</span>門人<span class="zhuanming">令韶</span>每入定，數日不起。<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>終，刻木爲像，如事生之禮<a class="zhuhao" href="#1614" id="1610">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【令韶】高僧名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1607" id="1611">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">竺法雅傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">法雅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河間</span>人。凝正有器度，少善外學，長通佛義。衣冠士子，咸附諮禀。時依門徒，並世典有功，未善佛理。<span class="zhuanming">雅</span>乃與<span class="zhuanming">康法朗</span>等，以經中事數擬配外書，爲生解之例，謂之格義。及<span class="zhuanming">毘浮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇相</span>等，亦辯格義，以訓門徒。<span class="zhuanming">雅</span>風采灑落，善於樞機。外典佛經，遞互講説。與<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法汰</span>每披釋湊疑，共盡經要。後立寺於<span class="zhuanming">高邑</span>，僧衆百餘，訓誘無懈。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1608" id="1612">〔二〕</a>擬議：比擬。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷九二<span class="shuming">文苑傳</span><span class="shuming">左思</span>：「觀中古以來爲賦者多矣……至若此賦，擬議數家，傅辭會義，抑多精緻。」　格義：用<span class="zhuanming">中土</span>固有的概念﹑觀念（外書）比擬佛典中的義理﹑名相，以便於<span class="zhuanming">中土</span>僧衆理解的做法。格，推究。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1609" id="1613">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">竺法汰傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺法汰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東莞</span>人。少與<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>同學，雖才辯不逮而姿貌過之。與<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>避難，行至<span class="zhuanming">新野</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>分張徒衆，命<span class="zhuanming">汰</span>下京，臨别謂<span class="zhuanming">安</span>曰：『法師儀軌西北，下座弘教東南。江湖道術，此焉相望矣。至於高會浄因，當期之歲寒耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1610" id="1614">〔四〕</a>事：侍奉。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">伍子胥變文</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伍奢</span>乃有二子，見事於君。」　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">康法朗傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">康法朗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中山</span>人。少出家，善戒節。……<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">令韶</span>，其先<span class="zhuanming">雁門</span>人，姓<span class="zhuanming">吕</span>。少遊獵，後發心出家，事<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00274','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P274</span></i>師。思學有功，特善禪數。每入定，或數日不起。後移<span class="zhuanming">柳泉山</span>，鑿穴宴坐。<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>終後，刻木爲像，朝夕禮事。<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">正像論</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">吕韶</span>凝神於<span class="zhuanming">中山</span>。』即其人也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">帛法祖</span>風神之秀也，於<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>則以簡率<a class="zhuhao" href="#1621" id="1615">〔一〕</a>，於<span class="zhuanming">卞望之</span>則莊敬<a class="zhuhao" href="#1622" id="1616">〔二〕</a>，以爲<span class="zhuanming">王公</span>風道斯言<a class="zhuhao" href="#1623" id="1617">〔三〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">卞令</span>軌度格物故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1624" id="1618">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">帛遠</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法祖</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">萬</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河内</span>人。才思俊徹，敏朗絶倫，日誦萬言。值<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>亂，將遁<span class="zhuanming">隴右</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">張輔</span>重之，欲令反服，不從，遂殺之。<span class="zhuanming">蕃</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>追悼。<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">道賢論</span>方之<span class="zhuanming">嵇康</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1625" id="1619">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【於王導則以率簡】此文同<span class="zhuanming">帛高座</span>卓朗之傑。下用傳本者，錯寫在諸本，道字悮。【卞望之】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">卞壼</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">望之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>時爲尚書令。【嵇康】竹林山七賢之一數。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">祖</span>弟<span class="zhuanming">法祚</span>，德行沖允，實<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>之季也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1626" id="1620">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">祚</span>亦有少譽，被博士徵，不就。二十五出家，洞明佛理。<span class="zhuanming">梁州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">張光</span>以<span class="zhuanming">祚</span>兄不肯反服，<span class="zhuanming">輔</span>殺之。<span class="zhuanming">光</span>又逼之<span class="zhuanming">祚</span>，亦堅志不從，亦爲<span class="zhuanming">光</span>所害。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法祚】<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>數處皆名<span class="zhuanming">法祚</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1615" id="1621">〔一〕</a>簡率：簡樸真率。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷三七<span class="shuming">高密文獻王泰傳</span>：「任真簡率，每朝會，不識者不知其王公也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1616" id="1622">〔二〕</a>卞：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「不」。<span class="zhuanming">卞壺</span>（公元二八一—三二八年），字<span class="zhuanming">望之</span>，<span class="zhuanming">濟陰</span><span class="zhuanming">冤句</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">菏澤</span>西南）人。弱冠有聲譽。爲人耿直，多次面斥彈劾<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>。性廉潔儉素，家甚貧乏。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七○有傳。莊敬：莊嚴恭敬。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「致禮以治躬則莊敬，莊敬則嚴威。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「若能莊嚴而恭敬，則嚴肅威重也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1617" id="1623">〔三〕</a>風道：猶言風範道德。<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷二<span class="shuming">高帝紀下</span>：「風道沾被，升平可期。」　斯言：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">帛尸梨密傳</span>作「期人」。詳參下注。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00275','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P275</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1618" id="1624">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">卞令</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">卞望之</span>。　軌：法則﹑法度。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷二二<span class="shuming">山國軌</span>：「田有軌，人有軌，用有軌，鄉有軌，人事有軌，幣有軌，縣有軌，國有軌。」　度：法度。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公四年</span>：「度不可改。」軌度謂規範法度。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷五<span class="shuming">古樂</span>：「不用軌度，天下患之。」　格物：猶正人，糾正人的行爲。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">和洽傳</span>：「儉素過中，自以處身則可，以此節格物，所失或多。」　按：據<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>等文獻記載，此事主非<span class="zhuanming">帛遠</span>，應爲下文<span class="zhuanming">帛尸梨密</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">帛尸梨密傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">帛尸梨密多羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">吉友</span>，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，時人呼爲高座。……<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>中，始到中國。值亂，仍過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>止<span class="zhuanming">建初寺</span>。丞相<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>一見而奇之，以爲吾之徒也，由是名顯。太尉<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span>﹑光禄<span class="zhuanming">周伯仁</span>﹑太常<span class="zhuanming">謝幼與</span>﹑廷尉<span class="zhuanming">桓茂倫</span>，皆一代名士，見之，終日累歎，披衿致契。<span class="zhuanming">導</span>嘗詣<span class="zhuanming">密</span>，<span class="zhuanming">密</span>解帶偃伏，悟言神解。時尚書令<span class="zhuanming">卞望之</span>亦與<span class="zhuanming">密</span>致善，須臾<span class="zhuanming">望之</span>至，<span class="zhuanming">密</span>乃斂衿飾容，端坐對之。有問其故，<span class="zhuanming">密</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">王公</span>風道期人，<span class="zhuanming">卞令</span>軌度格物，故其然耳。』諸公於是歎其精神灑厲，皆得其所。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1619" id="1625">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">帛遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>才思俊徹，敏朗絶倫。誦經日八九千言，研味方等，妙入幽微。世俗墳素，多所該貫。……<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">道賢論</span>以<span class="zhuanming">法祖</span>匹<span class="zhuanming">嵇康</span>，論云：『<span class="zhuanming">帛祖</span>釁起於<span class="zhuanming">管蕃</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中散</span>禍作於<span class="zhuanming">鍾會</span>。二賢並以俊邁之氣，昧其圖身之慮，棲心事外，經世招患，殆不異也。』……<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>既博涉多閑，善通<span class="zhuanming">梵</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之語，嘗譯<span class="shuming">惟逮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">弟子本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">五部僧</span>等三部經，又注<span class="shuming">首楞嚴經</span>，又有别譯數部小經，值亂零失，不知其名。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1620" id="1626">〔六〕</a>沖：謙虚。　允：誠信。　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">帛遠傳</span>附<span class="shuming">法祚</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>弟<span class="zhuanming">法祚</span>，亦少有令譽，被博士徵，不就，年二十五出家。深洞佛理，<span class="zhuanming">關</span><span class="zhuanming">隴</span>知名。時<span class="zhuanming">梁州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">張光</span>以<span class="zhuanming">祚</span>兄不肯反服，<span class="zhuanming">輔之</span>所殺，<span class="zhuanming">光</span>又逼<span class="zhuanming">祚</span>令罷道。<span class="zhuanming">祚</span>執志堅貞，以死爲誓，遂爲<span class="zhuanming">光</span>所害，春秋五十有七。注<span class="shuming">放光般若經</span>及著<span class="shuming">顯宗論</span>等。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00276','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P276</span></i><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">帛高座</span>，卓朗之傑也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1631" id="1627">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">帛尸梨蜜多羅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吉交國</span>人，時呼爲高座，以其善説法故。本國王之子，讓位出家，於<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>譯<span class="shuming">藥師</span>等經。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【吉交國人】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">帛尸梨蜜多羅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">永嘉</span>中至<span class="zhuanming">江鄉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>一見奇之，以爲吾之徒也，由是名顯。吉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1632" id="1628">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周伯仁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓倫</span>等見之，終日累嘆，披襟致契交，<span class="zhuanming">道</span>嘗詣，<span class="zhuanming">蜜</span>解帶偃伏，悟言神解。尚書令<span class="zhuanming">卞望之</span>亦與<span class="zhuanming">蜜</span>致善，須臾<span class="zhuanming">望之</span>至，<span class="zhuanming">蜜</span>乃斂襟飾容，端坐而對之。有問其故，曰：<span class="zhuanming">王公</span>風道其人，<span class="zhuanming">卞令</span>格軌度，故其然也。<span class="shuming">劉子</span>云：青出於藍而青於藍，染使然也；冰生於水而冷於水，寒使然也；鏡出於金而明於金，瑩使然也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">王導</span>謂之曰：「外國有君，一人而已。」<span class="zhuanming">尸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1633" id="1629">〔三〕</a>梨蜜</span>笑曰：「若使貧道只如檀越爲，今日豈得遊歷至此？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1634" id="1630">〔四〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">咸康</span>中卒，春秋八十餘，葬<span class="zhuanming">石子岡</span>。岡在<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，後起寺焉。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1627" id="1631">〔一〕</a>卓朗：高超清朗。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">賞譽</span>：「時人欲題目高坐而未能，<span class="zhuanming">桓廷尉</span>以問<span class="zhuanming">周侯</span>。<span class="zhuanming">周侯</span>曰：『可謂卓朗。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1628" id="1632">〔二〕</a>吉：意義不通，疑當删，或爲<span class="zhuanming">吉交國</span>之簡稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1629" id="1633">〔三〕</a>尸：原誤作「户」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1630" id="1634">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">帛尸梨密傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">王公</span>嘗謂<span class="zhuanming">密</span>曰：『外國有君，一人而已。』<span class="zhuanming">密</span>笑曰：『若使我如諸君，今日豈得在此。』當時爲佳言。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>常遣人就<span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>買<span class="zhuanming">剡</span><span class="zhuanming">岇山</span>側<span class="zhuanming">沃洲</span>小嶺<a class="zhuhao" href="#1641" id="1635">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">關氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>人。幼有神俊，聰明秀徹，<span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>甚重之。後於<span class="zhuanming">沃州</span>小嶺立寺，晚出<span class="zhuanming">山陰</span>講<span class="shuming">維摩經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>爲都講也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【岇】五郎切，山名，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00277','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P277</span></i>屬<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>。【沃州】山名。詩曰：月上<span class="zhuanming">沃州</span>山上，人歸<span class="zhuanming">剡縣</span>溪邊。漠漠楊花拂水，時時白鷺驚起<a class="zhuhao" href="#1642" id="1636">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">潛</span>曰：「欲來輒給，豈聞<span class="zhuanming">巢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許</span>買山而隱<a class="zhuhao" href="#1643" id="1637">〔三〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法深</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>大將軍<span class="zhuanming">敦</span>之弟，事<span class="zhuanming">忠州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>爲師，<span class="zhuanming">元真</span>有才譽。後隱<span class="zhuanming">剡山</span>，當世追蹤問道者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【中州】<span class="zhuanming">忠州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南賓郡</span>，屬<span class="zhuanming">黔中</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涪陵</span>之西。中字悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">遁</span>後與<span class="zhuanming">高麗</span>道人書曰：「上座<span class="zhuanming">竺法深</span>，<span class="zhuanming">忠州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉公</span>之弟子。體性貞峙，道俗綸綜。往在京邑，維持法網。内外具瞻，弘道之匠也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貞峙】貞，正也。峙，峻立也。【綸綜】上音輪，經綸也；下子宋切，博也。【維】持也。</span> <span>頃以道業靖濟，不耐塵俗。考室山澤<a class="zhuhao" href="#1644" id="1638">〔四〕</a>，脩德就閑，今在縣之<span class="zhuanming">岇山</span>。率合同遊，論道説義。高棲浩然，遐邇有詠。<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>以<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>比<span class="zhuanming">劉伯倫</span>，謂曠大之體同焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1645" id="1639">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【頃】少時也。【靖】音浄，立也，思也。【耐】忍他也。【考】成也。【脩德就閑】<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天地篇</span>云：天下有道，與物俱昌。天下無道，脩德就閑。【劉伯倫】<span class="zhuanming">劉靈</span>也。</span> <span>時<span class="zhuanming">岇山</span><span class="zhuanming">竺法友</span>從<span class="zhuanming">深</span>受<span class="shuming">阿毗曇</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一百卷。</span> <span>一宿便誦。<span class="zhuanming">深</span>曰：「經目則誦，見稱昔人。若<span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>更興<span class="zhuanming">大晉</span>者，必取汝爲五百之一人矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1646" id="1640">〔六〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法友</span>年二十四便能講説，後立<span class="zhuanming">剡縣</span>城南<span class="zhuanming">臺寺</span>焉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿毗曇】元有一百卷者，應思。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1635" id="1641">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1636" id="1642">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">朱放</span><span class="shuming">剡山夜月</span>（一題<span class="shuming">剡溪舟行</span>）：「月在<span class="zhuanming">沃洲</span>山上，人歸<span class="zhuanming">剡縣</span>溪邊。漠漠黄花覆水，時時白鷺驚船。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00278','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P278</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1637" id="1643">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">巢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許</span>：<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>。相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>時人，隱居不仕。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伯夷列傳</span>：「而説者曰<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>讓天下於<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>，<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>不受，恥之逃隱。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>引<span class="zhuanming">皇甫謐</span><span class="shuming">高士傳</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>字<span class="zhuanming">武仲</span>。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>聞致天下而讓焉，乃退而遁於中嶽<span class="zhuanming">潁水</span>之陽，<span class="zhuanming">箕山</span>之下隱。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>又召爲<span class="zhuanming">九州</span>長，<span class="zhuanming">由</span>不欲聞之，洗耳於<span class="zhuanming">潁水</span>濱。時有<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>牽犢欲飲之，見<span class="zhuanming">由</span>洗耳，問其故。對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>欲召我爲<span class="zhuanming">九州</span>長，惡聞其聲，是故洗耳。』<span class="zhuanming">巢父</span>曰：『子若處高岸深谷，人道不通，誰能見子？子故浮游，欲聞求其名譽。污吾犢口。』牽犢上流飲之。<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>殁，葬此山，亦名<span class="zhuanming">許由山</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1638" id="1644">〔四〕</a>考室：本指宫寢落成之禮。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">眭兩夏侯京翼李傳</span><span class="shuming">翼奉</span>：「到後七年之明歲，必有五年之餘蓄，然後大行考室之禮。」<span class="zhuanming">李奇</span>曰：「凡宫新成，殺牲以釁祭，致其五祀之神，謂之考室。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注曰：「考，成也，成其禮也。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">斯干</span>之詩序曰『<span class="shuming">斯干</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣王</span>考室也。』故奉引之也。」這裏指相地築屋。　修德：修養德行。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公八年</span>：「<span class="shuming">夏書</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>邁種德，德，乃降。』姑務修德，以待時乎！」　就閑：謂没有職事羈絆。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1639" id="1645">〔五〕</a>高棲：指隱居。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷六七<span class="shuming">謝靈運傳</span>：「選自然之神麗，盡高棲之意得。」<span class="zhuanming">陶潛</span><span class="shuming">飲酒</span>詩之九：「繿縷茅簷下，未足爲高棲。」　浩然：無所留戀貌。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">公孫丑下</span>：「夫出晝，而王不予追也，予然後浩然有歸志。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「浩然，如水之流不可止也。」　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">竺法潛傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺潛</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">法深</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瑯琊</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>丞相<span class="zhuanming">武昌郡公</span><span class="zhuanming">敦</span>之弟也。年十八出家，事<span class="zhuanming">中州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉元真</span>爲師。……<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>遣使求買<span class="zhuanming">仰山</span>之側<span class="zhuanming">沃洲</span>小嶺，欲爲幽棲之處。<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>答云：『欲來輒給，豈聞<span class="zhuanming">巢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">由</span>買山而隱？』<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>後與<span class="zhuanming">高麗</span>道人書云：『上座<span class="zhuanming">竺法深</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中州</span><span class="zhuanming">劉公</span>之弟子。體德貞峙，道俗綸綜。往在京邑，維持法網。内外具瞻，弘道<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00279','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P279</span></i>之匠也。』頃以道業靖濟，不耐塵俗。考室山澤，修德就閑。今在<span class="zhuanming">剡縣</span>之<span class="zhuanming">仰山</span>，率合同遊，論道説義。高栖皓然，遐邇有詠。以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">寧康</span>二年卒於山館，春秋八十有九。……<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>以<span class="zhuanming">深</span>比<span class="zhuanming">劉伯倫</span>，論云：『<span class="zhuanming">深公</span>道素淵重，有遠大之量。<span class="zhuanming">劉伶</span>肆意放蕩，以宇宙爲小。雖高棲之業，<span class="zhuanming">劉</span>所不及，而曠大之體同焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1640" id="1646">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語的意譯，即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「所謂佛者，本號<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文</span>者，譯言<span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>，謂德充道備，堪濟萬物也。」<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span><span class="shuming">五百弟子授記品</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">侨陳如</span>等五百人授成佛之記。　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">竺法潛傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">仰山</span>復有<span class="zhuanming">竺法友</span>，志業强正，博通衆典。嘗從<span class="zhuanming">深</span>受<span class="shuming">阿毗曇</span>，一宿便誦。<span class="zhuanming">深</span>曰：『經目則諷，見稱昔人。若<span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>更興<span class="zhuanming">大晉</span>者，必取汝爲五百之一也。』年二十四，便能講説。後立<span class="zhuanming">剡縣</span>城南<span class="zhuanming">臺寺</span>焉。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉成</span>世<span class="zhuanming">康僧淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">康法暢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支敏度</span>俱過<span class="zhuanming">江</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1650" id="1647">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僧淵</span>，本西國人。生<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>爲僧，常乞食自資，德逾<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">度</span>。與<span class="zhuanming">殷浩</span>對問内外典籍，<span class="zhuanming">浩</span>詞屈不能對。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【康僧淵】本<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，初到<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>住，生<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>者非。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">暢</span>常執麾尾行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1651" id="1648">〔二〕</a>，每值名賓，輒清談盡日。<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span>曰：「此麈尾何以常在？」<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>曰：「廉者不求，貪者不與，故常在耳。」著<span class="shuming">人物始義論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1652" id="1649">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">支敏度</span>著<span class="shuming">譯經録</span>，今行於世。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麈尾】上音主，大鹿也。群鹿隨麈而行，今講者所執，取喻也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1647" id="1650">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">晉成</span>世：即<span class="zhuanming">晉成帝</span>時期。<span class="zhuanming">晉成帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬衍</span>（公元三二一—三四二年），三二五年即位，在位十七年。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1648" id="1651">〔二〕</a>麾：當爲「麈」字之誤。麈尾：即拂塵，一種用以撣塵和驅蚊的工具。因清談者喜執，遂成爲名流<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00280','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P280</span></i>雅器，進而不談時，亦常在手。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1649" id="1652">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">人物始義論</span>：爲論述清談人物之作，已佚。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">康僧淵傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">康僧淵</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，生于<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。貌雖<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>人，語實<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>。容止詳正，志業弘深。誦<span class="shuming">放光</span>﹑<span class="shuming">道行</span>﹑二<span class="shuming">波若</span>，即<span class="shuming">大</span>﹑<span class="shuming">小品</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">晉成</span>之世，與<span class="zhuanming">康法暢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支敏度</span>等俱過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>。<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>亦有才思，善爲往復。著<span class="shuming">人物始義論</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>常執麈尾行，每值名賓，輒清談盡日。<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>曰：『此麈尾何以常在？』<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>曰：『廉者不取，貪者不與，故得常在也。』<span class="zhuanming">敏度</span>亦聰哲有譽，著<span class="shuming">譯經録</span>，今行於世。<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>雖德愈<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">度</span>，而别以清約自處。常乞匃自資，人未之識。後因分衛之次，遇<span class="zhuanming">陳郡殷浩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">浩</span>始問佛經深遠之理，却辯俗書性情之義，自晝之曛，<span class="zhuanming">浩</span>不能屈，由是改觀。<span class="zhuanming">琅玡</span><span class="zhuanming">王茂弘</span>以鼻高眼深戲之，<span class="zhuanming">淵</span>曰：『鼻者面之山，眼者面之淵。山不高則不靈，淵不深則不清。』時人以爲名答。後於<span class="zhuanming">豫章山</span>立寺，去邑數十里，帶江傍嶺，林竹鬱茂。名僧勝達，響附成群。以常持<span class="shuming">心梵經</span>，空理幽遠，故偏加講説。尚學之徒，往還填委，後卒於寺焉。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>初至京，<span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>器重之，謂人曰：「精微之功，不減<span class="zhuanming">輔嗣</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1663" id="1653">〔一〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">殷融</span>與<span class="zhuanming">衛玠</span>交，時謂其神情儁徹，後進莫有繼之者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1664" id="1654">〔二〕</a>。及見<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>，歎息以爲重見若人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若人如此，人謂珍也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儁】音俊，智過千人曰儁。【重見】疊也。【玠】玠是珍也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">遁</span>每講，善標宗會，而章句或有所遺，時爲宗文者所陋<a class="zhuhao" href="#1665" id="1655">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宗文者】應云守文者封。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>聞之，曰：「此乃<span class="zhuanming">九方堙</span>相馬，略其玄黄而取其駿逸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1666" id="1656">〔四〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">九方堙</span>，善相者。」<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">秦穆公</span>召<span class="zhuanming">伯樂</span>，使求馬，三月而反。曰：『已得矣，在沙丘。』公曰：『何馬也？』曰：『牡而黄。』及至，驪而牝。公怒曰：『子之所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00281','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P281</span></i>求，毛色﹑牝牡不知之。』<span class="zhuanming">伯樂</span>喟然曰：『一至此乎。所觀者，天機也。得其精而忘其麄，在其内而忘其外，見其所見而忘其所不見。』馬至而果天下之馬也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【相馬】上去。【堙】音因，或云<span class="zhuanming">九方皋</span>。【召伯樂】有云乃伯，悮。【驪】馬深黑色也。【牝】毗忍切。【牡】音母也。【天機】會也。</span> <span>後出<span class="zhuanming">沃州</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">山陰</span>講<span class="shuming">維摩經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>爲都講。<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>通一義，衆謂<span class="zhuanming">詢</span>無所措難。<span class="zhuanming">詢</span>設一難，亦謂<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>不能通<a class="zhuhao" href="#1667" id="1657">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">世説</span>：<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">玄度</span>。好遊山水，而便登涉隱<span class="zhuanming">永興</span>幽穴。每致四方諸侯之遺。<span class="zhuanming">山陰縣</span>在<span class="zhuanming">越州</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">王右軍</span><span class="zhuanming">蘭亭</span><span class="zhuanming">曲水</span>在此。有<span class="zhuanming">越王</span><span class="zhuanming">勾踐</span>小城猶在。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【許詢】字<span class="zhuanming">玄度</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">玄慶</span>。【措】置也，設也。【王右軍】<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>也。【越王】越三者悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>徵出京<a class="zhuhao" href="#1668" id="1658">〔六〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">王濛</span>宿構數百語，謂<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>莫能抗。<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>徐曰：「貧道與君别來多年，君語了不長進<a class="zhuhao" href="#1669" id="1659">〔七〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>問<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">林公</span>談何如<span class="zhuanming">嵇中散</span>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">嘉賓</span>，<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>記室參軍。形質短小，多機辯。<span class="zhuanming">嵇康</span>爲中散大夫。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">安</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">嵇</span>努力裁得去耳。」又問：「於<span class="zhuanming">殷浩</span>何如？」曰：「亹亹論辯，恐<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>制<span class="zhuanming">支</span>。超拔直上，<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>有慚德<a class="zhuhao" href="#1670" id="1660">〔八〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【裁】或是纔字，纔能也。【亹】音尾，美也，勉也。【論辯】論辯由<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>不至，超拔直上。<span class="zhuanming">殷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1671" id="1661">〔九〕</a>慚德，更不過也。</span> <span>後<span class="zhuanming">超</span>與親友書云：「<span class="zhuanming">林法師</span>神理所通，玄拔獨悟<a class="zhuhao" href="#1672" id="1662">〔一○〕</a>，數百年來，紹明大法，令真理不絶，一人而已。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1653" id="1663">〔一〕</a>精微：精專細緻。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>作「造微」。<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>（公元二二六—二四九年），字<span class="zhuanming">輔嗣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">山陽</span><span class="zhuanming">高平</span>人。「幼而察慧，年十餘，好<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>，通辯能言。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span>謂：「<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>稱後生可畏，若斯人者，可與言天人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00282','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P282</span></i>之際乎！」（<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">鍾會傳</span><span class="zhuanming">裴松之</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">何劭</span><span class="shuming">王弼傳</span>）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1654" id="1664">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">殷融</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">洪遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span>人，生卒年不詳，約<span class="zhuanming">晉惠帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永康</span>元年前後在世。<span class="zhuanming">桓彝</span>見而歎美之。善清言，飲酒善舞，終日嘯詠，不以世事自縛。　<span class="zhuanming">衛玠</span>：（公元二八六—三一二年）字<span class="zhuanming">叔寶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河東</span><span class="zhuanming">安邑</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山西</span><span class="zhuanming">夏縣</span>）人。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">容止</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">衛玠</span>從<span class="zhuanming">豫章</span>至<span class="zhuanming">下都</span>，人久聞其名，觀者如堵牆。<span class="zhuanming">玠</span>先有羸疾，體不堪勞，遂成病而死。時人謂『看殺<span class="zhuanming">衛玠</span>』。」　<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「先進於禮樂，野人也；後進於禮樂，君子也。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「後進，謂後輩仕進之人也。」　按：此當就其神情言。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">容止</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">林公</span>之形，信當醜異。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1655" id="1665">〔三〕</a>宗會：宗旨，主要思想。　章句：分章析句。<span class="shuming">顔氏家訓</span><span class="shuming">勉學</span>：「空守章句，但誦師言，施之世務，殆無一可。」　陋：輕視。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1656" id="1666">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">九方堙</span>：善相者。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">徐無鬼</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子綦</span>有八子，陳諸前，召<span class="zhuanming">九方歅</span>曰：『爲我相吾子，孰爲祥？』」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏曰：「<span class="zhuanming">九方</span>，姓也；<span class="zhuanming">歅</span>，名也。……<span class="zhuanming">九方歅</span>，善相者也。」<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">説符</span>作「九方皋」。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">道應訓</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">秦穆公</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">伯樂</span>曰：『子之年長矣。子姓有可使求馬者乎？』對曰：『良馬者，可以形容筋骨相也。相天下之馬者，若滅若失，若亡其一。若此馬者，絶塵弭轍。臣之子，皆下材也，可告以良馬，而不可告以天下之馬。臣有所與供儋纏采薪者<span class="zhuanming">九方堙</span>，此其於馬，非臣之下也。請見之。』<span class="zhuanming">穆公</span>見之，使之求馬。三月而反報曰：『已得馬矣，在於沙丘。』<span class="zhuanming">穆公</span>曰：『何馬也？』對曰：『牡而黄。』使人往取之，牝而驪。<span class="zhuanming">穆公</span>不説，召<span class="zhuanming">伯樂</span>而問之曰：『敗矣！子之所使求者，毛物﹑牝牡弗能知，又何馬之能知？』<span class="zhuanming">伯樂</span>喟然大息曰：『一至此乎！是乃其所以千萬臣而無數者也。若<span class="zhuanming">堙</span>之所觀者，天<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00283','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P283</span></i>機也。得其精而忘其粗，在内而忘其外，見其所見而不見其所不見，視其所視而遺其所不視。若彼之所相者，乃有貴乎馬者！』馬至，而果千里之馬。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1657" id="1667">〔五〕</a>都講：佛教講經，一人唱經，一人解釋。唱經者稱都講，解釋者稱法師。　措：設置。　通：通達﹑精通。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">文學</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">支道林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許掾</span>諸人共在<span class="zhuanming">會稽王</span>齋頭。<span class="zhuanming">支</span>爲法師，<span class="zhuanming">許</span>爲都講。<span class="zhuanming">支</span>通一義，四坐莫不厭心。<span class="zhuanming">許</span>送一難，衆人莫不抃舞。但共嗟詠二家之美，不辯其理之所在。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1658" id="1668">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>：名<span class="zhuanming">司馬丕</span>（公元三四一—三六五年），字<span class="zhuanming">千齡</span>。<span class="zhuanming">成帝</span>長子。<span class="zhuanming">升平</span>五年（三六一）五月，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">穆帝</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬聃</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">司馬丕</span>繼承帝位。<span class="zhuanming">興寧</span>三年（三六五）病死。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1659" id="1669">〔七〕</a>了不：一點兒也不。<span class="zhuanming">陶潛</span><span class="shuming">晉故征西大將軍長史孟府君傳</span>：「君歸，見嘲笑而請筆作答，了不容思，文辭超卓，四座歎之。」<span class="zhuanming">蘇軾</span><span class="shuming">送顧子敦奉使河朔</span>詩：「十年卧江海，了不見愠喜。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1660" id="1670">〔八〕</a>慚德：因言行缺失而有愧於心。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">仲虺之誥</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">成湯</span>放<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>于<span class="zhuanming">南巢</span>，惟有慙德，曰：『予恐來世以台爲口實。』」　按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>此句作「超拔直上淵源，<span class="zhuanming">浩</span>實有慚德」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1661" id="1671">〔九〕</a>殷：原誤作「殿」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1662" id="1672">〔一○〕</a>玄拔：謂能冥會玄理，揭示奥義。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">遁</span>幼以雞子無命，其師與争辯，且不勝，死後見形，投卵於地，殼破鶵行，<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>乃感而蔬食<a class="zhuhao" href="#1679" id="1673">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">遁</span>與師論卵，生用未足，殺之無罪。以其慧辯，師不能勝。及死，乃現形擲卵以悟之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【無命】謂無藏識。【卵】凡物無乳者卵生。【殼】空角切，物皮空。應是殼音，大卵也。殼已空曰殼，思<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00284','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P284</span></i>義用。【鶵】仕于切，雅云噣噣，謂鳥子能自食也。噣音晝，鳥口也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「國君春不圍澤，大夫不掩群，士不取麛卵<a class="zhuhao" href="#1680" id="1674">〔二〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>若始乃未知，既知矣則不違仁。何俟師之誨焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋師見其前，猶未悟爾。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麛】音迷，鹿也。</span> <span>有遺馬者，養之曰：「吾愛其神駿，聊復畜之耳。」有餉鶴者，放之曰：「爾沖天之物，寧爲耳目之翫乎？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1681" id="1675">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聊】且略之辭。【畜】養也。【餉】饋也。【沖】音蟲，深也。【翫】貪悦也。</span> <span>先經營<span class="zhuanming">餘姚</span><span class="zhuanming">塢山</span>，至於名辰，獨還塢中<a class="zhuhao" href="#1682" id="1676">〔四〕</a>。或問其意，曰：「<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>在昔，數來相見，輒移旬日。今觸情舉目<a class="zhuhao" href="#1683" id="1677">〔五〕</a>，莫不興想。」<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>比諸<span class="zhuanming">向子期</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">向秀</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子期</span>。</span> <span>以雅尚<span class="zhuanming">莊老</span>，風好同焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1684" id="1678">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經營】營造也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：經之營之，不日成之。【餘姚】<span class="zhuanming">越州</span><span class="zhuanming">散州</span>也。【塢】安古切，營居曰塢。【數】音朔，頻也。【向子期】竹林七賢之一數也。【風好】愛好也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1673" id="1679">〔一〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>幼時，嘗與師共論物類，謂雞卵生用，未足爲殺，師不能屈。師尋亡，忽見形，投卵於地，殼破鶵行，頃之俱滅。<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>乃感悟，由是蔬食終身。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1674" id="1680">〔二〕</a>見<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮下</span>：「國君春田不圍澤，大夫不掩群，士不取麛卵。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1675" id="1681">〔三〕</a>遺：贈送。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">魏公子列傳</span>：「公子聞之，往請，欲厚遺之。」　餉：贈送。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">文帝紀</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">胡沖</span><span class="shuming">吴曆</span>曰：「帝以素書所著<span class="shuming">典論</span>及詩賦餉<span class="zhuanming">孫權</span>，又以紙寫一通與<span class="zhuanming">張昭</span>。」　沖天：直上天空。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">九歌</span><span class="shuming">大司命</span>：「乘龍兮轔轔，高駝兮沖天。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">滑稽列傳</span>：「此鳥不飛則已，一飛沖天；不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00285','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P285</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1676" id="1682">〔四〕</a>經營：往來。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二八下<span class="shuming">馮衍傳下</span>：「疆理九野，經營五山，眇然有思陵雲之意。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「經營猶往來。」　按：<span class="zhuanming">金陵刻經處</span>藏本﹑<span class="zhuanming">弘教</span>藏本等<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>「名」作「明」。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>此句爲：「<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>先經<span class="zhuanming">餘姚</span><span class="zhuanming">塢山</span>中住，至於明辰，獨還塢中。」意思更爲顯豁。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1677" id="1683">〔五〕</a>觸情：因外物而觸動情思。　舉目：抬頭望。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷六五<span class="shuming">王導傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周顗</span>中坐而歎曰：『風景不殊，舉目有江河之異。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1678" id="1684">〔六〕</a>雅尚：極爲崇尚。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">規箴</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">王夷甫</span>雅尚玄遠，常嫉其婦貪濁，口未嘗言『錢』字。」　按：以上<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>事，俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">支遁傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">于法蘭</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高陽</span>人，少有異操。</span> <span>隱居巖壑，時冰雪甚，有一虎入房，<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>神色無忤。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巖壑】上峰也，險也；下虚谷也。【忤】怪也，逆也。</span> <span>後往<span class="zhuanming">江東</span>，將適<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">交州</span>，終於<span class="zhuanming">象林</span>。<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>爲贊曰：「<span class="zhuanming">于氏</span>超世，綜體玄旨，嘉遁山澤，明馴虎兕。」<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>方於<span class="zhuanming">阮嗣宗</span>，俱以高尚不群也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1686" id="1685">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【交州】<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>興，南至<span class="zhuanming">交郡</span>，初名<span class="zhuanming">交趾</span>，後爲<span class="zhuanming">交州</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>名<span class="zhuanming">安南</span>，置都護。【象林】<span class="zhuanming">南夷</span>郡名，本<span class="zhuanming">桂林郡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">象州</span>。【明馴】下音旬，從也，善也。【阮嗣宗】<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>也，竹林七賢也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1685" id="1686">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">于法蘭傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">于法蘭</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高陽</span>人。少有異操，十五出家，便以精勤爲業。研諷經典，以日兼夜。求法問道，必在衆先。迄在冠年，風神秀逸。道振三河，名流四遠。性好山泉，多處巖壑。嘗於冬月在山，冰雪甚厲，時有一虎來入<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>房。<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>神色無忤，虎亦甚馴，至明旦，雪止乃去。……乃徐步<span class="zhuanming">東甌</span>，遠矚<span class="zhuanming">嶀嵊</span>，居於<span class="zhuanming">石城山</span>足，今之<span class="zhuanming">元華寺</span>是也。時人以其風力比<span class="zhuanming">庾元規</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span><span class="shuming">道賢論</span>以比<span class="zhuanming">阮嗣<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00286','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P286</span></i>宗</span>，論云：『<span class="zhuanming">蘭公</span>遺身，高尚妙迹，殆至人之流，<span class="zhuanming">阮步兵</span>傲獨不群，亦<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>之儔也。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>之門<span class="zhuanming">于法開</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">于道邃</span>，<span class="zhuanming">開</span>之門<span class="zhuanming">于法威</span>，凡三世負盛譽<a class="zhuhao" href="#1697" id="1687">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">開</span>每與<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>争即色空義，蓋龍虎之勍敵也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1698" id="1688">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">廬閒</span><span class="zhuanming">何默</span>申明<span class="zhuanming">開</span>難，<span class="zhuanming">高平</span><span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>宣述<span class="zhuanming">林</span>解，並傳於世<a class="zhuhao" href="#1699" id="1689">〔三〕</a>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勍】音擎，强力也。【何默】應云<span class="zhuanming">廬間</span><span class="zhuanming">何默</span>是。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">威</span>贊曰：「<span class="shuming">易</span>曰白馬，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">賁卦</span>文也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">詩</span>員蘋藻<a class="zhuhao" href="#1700" id="1690">〔四〕</a>。班如在場，芬若渟潦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1701" id="1691">〔五〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">于威</span>明發，介然遐討<a class="zhuhao" href="#1702" id="1692">〔六〕</a>。有潔其名，無愧懷抱<a class="zhuhao" href="#1703" id="1693">〔七〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詩美】傳中「美」是「員」字。【班】分瑞玉也。【蘋藻】上平音，大萍也；下音早，文藻，水草也。【渟潦】上音亭，止水也；下音老，雨水也。【介】大也，助也，耿介也，佑也。【遐討】上遠也；下治也，去也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">開</span>嘗使<span class="zhuanming">威</span>出都，途經<span class="zhuanming">山陰</span>，算<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>講<span class="shuming">般若</span>其辰所至處，示其攻難。<span class="zhuanming">威</span>至郡，果不出其計。乃往復數番，<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>引退，因厲聲曰：「君何足復受人寄載來耶？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1704" id="1694">〔八〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【辰】日時也。【示】語也。以事告人曰示。【攻難】攻擊也。下去聲，以言泥人曰難。【引退】長却也，當傳云<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>遂屈。【厲】烈也，大也。【寄載】下音再，運也。</span> <span>後詔徵講<span class="shuming">放光經</span>，邃從<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>，没於<span class="zhuanming">交趾</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">南徼之地。<span class="shuming">通典</span>云：「彼國人立，足拇相交也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【後詔徵講放光經】是<span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>徵於<span class="zhuanming">法闌</span>文。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">郗超</span>圖像，<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>贊曰：「英英上人，識通理清<a class="zhuhao" href="#1705" id="1695">〔九〕</a>。朗質玉瑩<a class="zhuhao" href="#1706" id="1696">〔一○〕</a>，德音蘭馨。」<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>比於<span class="zhuanming">阮咸</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">咸</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">仲容</span>，家貧。七月七日，皆曬好衣。<span class="zhuanming">咸</span>於庭曬犢鼻裩，或問之，曰：「焉能免俗也？」</span> <span>以其高風一致也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑩】飾也，五色也。【蘭】香草，三四月開花，或青或赤。【七月七日】諸本皆云七人者，悮。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00287','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P287</span></i>【曬】所賣切，爆乾物也。【犢】牛子。【裩】音昆，褻衣也。<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本根，悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1687" id="1697">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">于法開</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">于道邃</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">于法威</span>：傳俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1688" id="1698">〔二〕</a>勍敵：强敵。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公二十二年</span>：「勍敵之人，隘而不列，天贊我也。」這裏指有力的對手。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1689" id="1699">〔三〕</a>世：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「出」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1690" id="1700">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">賁</span>：「六四，賁如皤如，白馬翰如，匪寇婚媾。」用「白馬」句，比喻人的高潔出衆，如同騰飛的駿馬。　<span class="shuming">詩</span>員蘋藻：「員」當爲「美」字之形誤，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">于法開傳</span>即作「美」，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>所引，亦作「美」。出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">召南</span><span class="shuming">采蘋</span>：「于以采蘋？南澗之濱；于以采藻？于彼行潦。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「古者婦人先嫁三月，祖廟未毁，教於公宫。祖廟既毁，教於宗室。教以婦德﹑婦言﹑婦容﹑婦功。教成之祭，牲用魚，芼用蘋藻，所以成婦順也。」蘋藻：蘋與藻，皆水草名，古人常采作祭祀之用。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十八年</span>：「濟澤之阿，行潦之蘋﹑藻，寘諸宗室，<span class="zhuanming">季蘭</span>尸之，敬也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1691" id="1701">〔五〕</a>班如：盤桓不進貌。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">屯</span>：「六二，屯如，邅如，乘馬班如。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「如字。<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span><span class="shuming">傳</span>云：『相牽不進貌。』<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>本作般。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五五<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">演連珠</span>：「是以都人冶容，不悦<span class="zhuanming">西施</span>之影；乘馬班如，不輟<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>之陰。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">王肅</span>曰：「班如，盤桓不進也。」　芬若：香草名。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一六<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span><span class="shuming">長門賦</span>：「摶芬若以爲枕兮，席荃蘭而茝香。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「芬﹑若﹑荃﹑蘭，皆香草也。」　渟潦：積水。<span class="zhuanming">元稹</span><span class="shuming">江邊</span>：「停潦魚招獺，空倉鼠敵猫。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1692" id="1702">〔六〕</a>明發：闡明，發明。<span class="shuming">隋書</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">律曆志上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">焯</span>皆校定，庶有明發。」　介然：專一，堅定不移。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">修身</span>：「善在身，介然必以自好也。」<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷九一<span class="shuming">晉元帝太興二年</span>：「柰何以華﹑夷之異，介<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00288','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P288</span></i>然疏之哉！」<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注：「介然，堅正不移之貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1693" id="1703">〔七〕</a>懷抱：抱負。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">伍子胥變文</span>：「恩澤不用語人知，幸願娘子知懷抱。」　按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四<span class="shuming">于法開傳</span>附<span class="shuming">于法威傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">開</span>有弟子<span class="zhuanming">法威</span>，清悟有樞辯。故<span class="zhuanming">孫綽</span>爲之贊曰：『<span class="shuming">易</span>曰翰白，<span class="shuming">詩</span>美蘋藻。斑如在場，芬若停潦。<span class="zhuanming">于威</span>明發，介然遐討。有潔其名，無愧懷抱。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1694" id="1704">〔八〕</a>厲聲：高聲。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷六六<span class="shuming">王允傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">允</span>厲聲曰：『吾爲人臣，獲罪於君，當伏大辟以謝天下，豈有乳藥求死乎！』」　何足：哪里值得。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">秦本紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">百里傒</span>）謝曰：『臣亡國之臣，何足問！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1695" id="1705">〔九〕</a>英英：俊傑而有才華。<span class="zhuanming">潘岳</span><span class="shuming">夏侯常侍誄</span>：「英英夫子，灼灼其雋。」　上人：對智慧兼備的高僧的尊稱。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">上人</span>引古師云：「内有德智，外有勝行，在人之上，名上人。」<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">廬山遠公話</span>：「賤奴並不怨恨他别人，祇爲<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>上人説法，總不能平等。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1696" id="1706">〔一○〕</a>玉瑩：像玉一樣晶瑩﹑純潔。語出<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">法言</span><span class="shuming">吾子</span>：「或問：『<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>智乎？』曰：『如玉如瑩，爰變丹青。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">剡山</span><span class="zhuanming">竺法崇</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不詳何許人。少入道，唯專<span class="shuming">法華</span>一經，後著<span class="shuming">義疏</span>四卷行之。</span> <span>曾遊<span class="zhuanming">湘州</span><span class="zhuanming">麓山</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今<span class="zhuanming">潭州</span>也。</span> <span>山神化爲大人，詣<span class="zhuanming">崇</span>請戒，乃捨山爲寺<a class="zhuhao" href="#1708" id="1707">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居之少時，化洽<span class="zhuanming">湘</span>士。後還<span class="zhuanming">剡</span>之<span class="zhuanming">葛峴山</span>，茅庵泉飲而已。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夫人】應云大人，丈人。【麓】音鹿。【洽】普也，霑也。【峴山】音俔。【茅庵泉飲】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云茅庵洞泉，取忻禪惠。<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本淹字，悮。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00289','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P289</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1707" id="1708">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">竺法崇</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。上述俱見其本傳。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">潛</span>門人<span class="zhuanming">竺法義</span>，忽患心疾。至念<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>，夢被人破腸，其疾乃愈。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">義</span>年十三遇<span class="zhuanming">潛</span>，異之，勸出家。遊刃衆典，尤善<span class="shuming">法華</span>，卒<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>五年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愈】差也。【破腸】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云破腸洗腸。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">傅亮</span>云：「吾先君與<span class="zhuanming">義公</span>遊處，每聞<span class="zhuanming">觀音</span>神異，莫不大小肅然。」<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>徵，出京就講<a class="zhuhao" href="#1710" id="1709">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉簡文帝</span>子，名<span class="zhuanming">昌明</span>，立二十四年崩。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【傅亮】<span class="zhuanming">宋武帝</span>中書監。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1709" id="1710">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">竺法義</span>：<span class="zhuanming">竺法潛</span>弟子。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">傅亮</span>（公元三七四—四二六年），字<span class="zhuanming">季友</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北地</span><span class="zhuanming">靈州</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>司隸校尉<span class="zhuanming">傅咸</span>玄孫。　遊處：交遊，來往。<span class="zhuanming">禰衡</span><span class="shuming">鸚鵡賦</span>：「感平生之遊處，若壎篪之相須。」　肅然：恭敬貌。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">禮樂志</span>：「百官侍祠者數百人，皆肅然動心焉。」　上述俱見其<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>本傳。</span> </p><p> <span>古者出家從師命氏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">取師之姓。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【命】計也，召也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">道安</span>受業<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>，<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>姓<span class="zhuanming">帛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>以師莫過佛，遂通以<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>爲姓。中夏沙門呼<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>，自<span class="zhuanming">安</span>始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1719" id="1711">〔一〕</a>。語曰：「學不師<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，義不中難<a class="zhuhao" href="#1720" id="1712">〔二〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">習鑿齒</span>與<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>書曰：「比見<span class="zhuanming">釋道安</span>，固是非常勝士<a class="zhuhao" href="#1721" id="1713">〔三〕</a>。師徒數百，齋講不倦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1722" id="1714">〔四〕</a>。無變化伎術可以惑常人之耳目，無重威篤罰可以整群小之參差<a class="zhuhao" href="#1723" id="1715">〔五〕</a>，而師徒肅肅，自相尊敬，洋洋濟濟，由來未見<a class="zhuhao" href="#1724" id="1716">〔六〕</a>。其人内外群書皆略徧觀，陰陽計數亦皆通會<a class="zhuhao" href="#1725" id="1717">〔七〕</a>。佛經妙義，固所遊刃。翻覆籌算，無可比肩<a class="zhuhao" href="#1726" id="1718">〔八〕</a>。恨足下不同<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00290','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P290</span></i>日而見也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【比】音毗，近也。【固】一也，堅也。【伎術】上藝也，巧也；下音述，能也。【篤罰】厚罪也。【參差】混雜不齊皃也。【群小】<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「憂心悄悄，畏於群小。」群小是君子所畏，唯有道者能齊之。【洋洋】美也。【濟】威儀皃也。【陰陽計數】知天地否泰﹑日月盈縮﹑推步算法者也。【固所遊刃】固，常也。<span class="shuming">莊</span>云：彼節有間而刀刃無厚，以無厚刃入無間，恢恢焉其遊刃必有餘也。取利用不滯。【番覆】進退思審也。【比】並也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1711" id="1719">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>：「初<span class="zhuanming">魏晉</span>沙門依師爲姓，故姓各不同。<span class="zhuanming">安</span>以爲大師之本，莫遵<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>，乃以<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>命氏。後獲<span class="shuming">增一阿含</span>，果稱四河入海，無復河名。四海爲沙門，皆稱<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種。既懸與經符，遂爲永式。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1712" id="1720">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">釋道安</span>「多聞廣識」，<span class="zhuanming">苻堅</span>「敕學士内外有疑，皆師於<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，故京兆爲之語曰：『學不師<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，義不中難。』」（<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">道安傳</span>）意爲治學如不以<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>爲師，學問就不能精深，經不住質疑問難。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1713" id="1721">〔三〕</a>比：以前。<span class="shuming">北齊書</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">段韶傳</span>：「吾每與<span class="zhuanming">段孝先</span>論兵，殊有英略。若能比來用其謀，可無今日之勞矣。」<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">李陵變文</span>：「比日上（尚）能稱<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>將，緣何今日自來降！」　勝士：才識過人的人。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷三四<span class="shuming">羊祜傳</span>：「自有宇宙，便有此山。由來賢達勝士，登此遠望，如我與卿者多矣！」勝士也是對佛教持戒者的尊稱。見<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上引<span class="shuming">月燈三昧經</span>。<span class="zhuanming">德異</span><span class="shuming">壇經序</span>：「近得<span class="zhuanming">通上人</span>尋到全文，遂刊於<span class="zhuanming">吴中</span><span class="zhuanming">休休禪庵</span>，與諸勝士同一受用。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1714" id="1722">〔四〕</a>齋講：宣講佛法的集會。<span class="shuming">顔氏家訓</span><span class="shuming">風操</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">梁孝元</span>年少之時，每八月六日載誕之辰，常設齋講。自<span class="zhuanming">阮修容</span>薨殁之後，此事亦絶。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1715" id="1723">〔五〕</a>群小：衆小人。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">柏舟</span>：「憂心悄悄，愠於群小。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「群小，衆小人在君側者。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">循<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00291','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P291</span></i>吏傳</span><span class="shuming">龔遂</span>：「今大王親近群小，漸漬邪惡所習，存亡之機，不可不慎也。」　參差：不一致，矛盾。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">秋水</span>：「無一而行，與道參差。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1716" id="1724">〔六〕</a>肅肅：恭敬貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">思齊</span>：「雝雝在宫，肅肅在廟。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「肅肅，敬也。」　洋洋：盛大貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">碩人</span>：「河水洋洋，北流活活。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「洋洋，盛大也。」　濟濟：莊敬貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">公劉</span>：「蹌蹌濟濟，俾筵俾幾。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「濟濟，士大夫之威儀也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1717" id="1725">〔七〕</a>計數：謀略權術。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">吴書</span><span class="shuming">張温傳</span>：「然<span class="zhuanming">諸葛亮</span>達見計數，必知神慮屈申之宜。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1718" id="1726">〔八〕</a>遊刃：運刀自如。語本<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">養生主</span>：「彼節者有閒，而刀刃者無厚；以無厚入有閒，恢恢乎其於遊刃必有餘地矣。」比喻從容自如，非常熟悉。　翻覆：變化不定。　籌算：謀劃計算。<span class="shuming">隋書</span>卷七○<span class="shuming">李密傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">密</span>多籌算，才兼文武，志氣雄遠，常以濟物爲己任。」　比肩：居同等地位。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五七<span class="shuming">劉瑜傳</span>：「今中官邪孽，比肩裂土，皆競立胤嗣，繼體傳爵。」這裏指相提並論。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>初爲儒，年過乎弱冠<a class="zhuhao" href="#1732" id="1727">〔一〕</a>，遇<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>於<span class="zhuanming">太行</span><span class="zhuanming">恒山</span>，喜曰：「以爲真吾師也。」常欲揔攝綱維，以大法爲己任<a class="zhuhao" href="#1733" id="1728">〔二〕</a>，以夜續晝，貧旅多闕，<span class="zhuanming">曇翼</span>每給以燈燭之費<a class="zhuhao" href="#1734" id="1729">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">安</span>聞之曰：「道士誠知人矣。」嘗他日，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>歎曰：「使道流東土，其在<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乎！」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弱冠】男子幼，娶而必冠。初云二十而弱冠。【恒山】<span class="zhuanming">定州</span>。【總攝】統録。【綱維】綱紀維持。【己任】上音紀，下委任也。【曇翼】<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>門人。【費】音沸，惠也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>後盛德既彰，聲華洽聞，外國咸稱<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>有大乘道士，每東向<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，稽首焚香，遐誠展敬<a class="zhuhao" href="#1735" id="1730">〔四〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>入關，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>致書通好。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>答書，其卒<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00292','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P292</span></i>章曰：「經云：末後東方有護法菩薩，勖哉仁者，善弘其事<a class="zhuhao" href="#1736" id="1731">〔五〕</a>！」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洽聞】音問。【致書】送詣也。【卒章】上子聿切，終也，盡也。【勗】許玉切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1727" id="1732">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六有傳。下文<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>事，可參其傳。　弱冠：男子二十歲成人，初加冠，但因體猶未壯，故稱弱冠。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「二十曰弱冠。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「二十成人，初加冠，體猶未壯，故曰弱也。」後遂稱男子二十歲或二十幾歲的年齡爲弱冠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1728" id="1733">〔二〕</a>摠攝：主持。<span class="shuming">鬼谷子</span><span class="shuming">本經陰符</span>：「九竅十二舍者，氣之門户，心之總攝也。」<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷九○<span class="shuming">烏桓鮮卑列傳</span><span class="shuming">烏桓</span>：「從子<span class="zhuanming">蹋頓</span>有武略，代立，總攝三郡，衆皆從其號令。」　綱維：總綱和四維，比喻法度。　大法：謂佛法。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">序品</span>：「今佛<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，欲説大法，雨大法雨，吹大法螺，擊大法鼓。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1729" id="1734">〔三〕</a>貧旅：旅居而貧。　按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「精思諷持，以夜續晝；貧旅無資，緼纊常闕。」　<span class="zhuanming">曇翼</span>：<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>弟子，「少以律行見稱。學通三藏，爲門人所推」。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1730" id="1735">〔四〕</a>聲華：猶言聲譽榮耀。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">俶真訓</span>：「今夫積惠重厚，累愛襲恩，以聲華嘔苻嫗掩萬民百姓，使知之訢訢然人樂其性者，仁也。」　洽聞：多聞博識。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">儒林列傳</span>：「其令禮官勸學，講議洽聞興禮，以爲天下先。」　展敬：省候致敬。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷三五<span class="shuming">鄭玄傳</span>：「自非拜國君之命，問族親之憂，展敬墳墓，觀省野物，胡嘗扶杖出門乎！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1731" id="1736">〔五〕</a>勖：勉勵。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">燕燕</span>：「以勖寡人。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「勖，勉也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>之<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，至山，與<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>臨北澗談<span class="shuming">易</span>，移景不倦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1742" id="1737">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">盧循</span>初據<span class="zhuanming">江州</span>，以父<span class="zhuanming">嘏</span>同<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00293','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P293</span></i>爲書生，歡然篤舊<a class="zhuhao" href="#1743" id="1738">〔二〕</a>。有諫者曰：「<span class="zhuanming">循</span>爲國寇<a class="zhuhao" href="#1744" id="1739">〔三〕</a>，與之厚，得不疑乎？」<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>曰：「我佛法中，情無取捨，豈不爲識者所察<a class="zhuhao" href="#1745" id="1740">〔四〕</a>？」洎<span class="zhuanming">宋武</span>討<span class="zhuanming">循</span>，左右曰：「<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>素篤<span class="zhuanming">循</span>交。」<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>世表之人<a class="zhuhao" href="#1746" id="1741">〔五〕</a>，心無彼此。」乃賫書，遺錢米。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【之荆】之，往也，適也。【盧循】<span class="zhuanming">孫恩</span>妹夫。【嘏】音假。【江州】<span class="zhuanming">尋陽郡</span>。【裕】<span class="zhuanming">宋武帝</span>名。【賫】祖西切，持也，送也。【遺】贈也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1737" id="1742">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>（？—三九九年）：<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">殷融</span>之孫。能清言。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1738" id="1743">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">盧循</span>（？—四一一年）：<span class="zhuanming">范陽</span><span class="zhuanming">大族</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河北</span><span class="zhuanming">涿州</span>附近）人。<span class="zhuanming">孫恩</span>死後，餘部由其率領。後兵敗自殺。　書生：指儒生。<span class="shuming">東觀漢記</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">趙孝傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">孝</span>）常白衣步擔，過道上<span class="zhuanming">郵亭</span>，但稱書生，寄止於亭門塾。」　篤舊：以深情厚誼待故舊。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷二四<span class="shuming">王晏傳</span>：「敕特原<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>。<span class="zhuanming">詡</span>亦篤舊，後拜<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>刺史。」<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>作「<span class="zhuanming">盧循</span>初下據<span class="zhuanming">江州</span>城，入山詣<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>少與<span class="zhuanming">循</span>父<span class="zhuanming">嘏</span>同爲書生，及見<span class="zhuanming">循</span>，歡然道舊，因朝夕音問。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1739" id="1744">〔三〕</a>寇：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「冠」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1740" id="1745">〔四〕</a>識者：有見識的人。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">何武王嘉師丹傳</span><span class="shuming">師丹</span>：「京師識者咸以爲宜復<span class="zhuanming">丹</span>邑爵，使奉朝請，四方所瞻卬也。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「識者，謂有識之人也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1741" id="1746">〔五〕</a>世表：世俗之外。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">遠</span>講<span class="shuming">喪服記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雷</span>並執卷。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1748" id="1747">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">雷</span>後著<span class="shuming">義疏</span>，首稱<span class="zhuanming">雷氏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>嘲之曰：「昔與足下共於<span class="zhuanming">釋和尚</span>閒面受此義，今便題卷首稱<span class="zhuanming">雷氏</span>乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喪服記】凡尊<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00294','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P294</span></i>卑大小，服飾有五，向下自見。【著】明也。【嘲】言相調也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1747" id="1748">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">宗炳</span>（公元三七五—四四三年）：字<span class="zhuanming">少文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">殷仲堪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>及<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>並辟<span class="zhuanming">炳</span>爲主簿，俱不起。棲丘遁谷，三十餘年。妙善琴書，精於言理。　<span class="zhuanming">雷次宗</span>（公元三八六—四四八年）：字<span class="zhuanming">仲倫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span><span class="zhuanming">豫章</span><span class="zhuanming">南昌</span>人。少入<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，師事<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>，從之學<span class="shuming">三禮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>，並修浄業。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧持</span>，形長八尺，常躡屣，衲衣半脛<a class="zhuhao" href="#1750" id="1749">〔一〕</a>。將入<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>，兄止之曰：「人生愛聚，汝獨樂離，如何？」<span class="zhuanming">持</span>曰：「若滯情愛聚，本不應出家。今既割欲求道，正以西方爲期耳。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慧持】<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>門人，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>之弟。【躡屣】上音聶，蹈也，覆也；下所爾切，履不屣跟也。【脛】胡定切，脚脛。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>曰：脛，莖長直也，似物之莖也。【樂離】好别。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1749" id="1750">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧持</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>弟。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六有傳。　躡屣：拖著鞋走路。語本<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">貨殖列傳</span>：「今夫<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>女<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>姬，設形容，揳鳴琴，揄長袂，躡利屣，目挑心招，出不遠千里，不擇老少者，奔富厚也。」　衲衣：僧衣。</span> </p><p> <span>同學<span class="zhuanming">慧永</span>於<span class="zhuanming">西林嶺</span>上别立一室，欲禪，輒往居焉。常有一虎在屋，賓至則使去<a class="zhuhao" href="#1754" id="1751">〔一〕</a>。於一日會<span class="zhuanming">何無忌</span>於<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1755" id="1752">〔二〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>從徒百餘，莊而肅，<span class="zhuanming">永</span>獨衲衣草屨，荷錫提鉢，松下飄然而來。時以清散之風，多於<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1756" id="1753">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【何無忌】<span class="zhuanming">晉哀帝</span>侍中。【虎溪】在<span class="zhuanming">東林</span>。<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>迎送賓客，不過此。會<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>者，故就<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>爾。【從徒】上隨行也，下徒黨也。【莊】矜也。【屨】音句。麻曰履，草曰屨。【飄】逸也。【清散】誕也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00295','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P295</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1751" id="1754">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧永</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>同學，兩人俱師事<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧永傳</span>：「又别立一茅室於嶺上，每欲禪思，輒往居焉。時有至房者，並聞殊香之氣。<span class="zhuanming">永</span>屋中常有一虎，人或畏者，輒驅令上山，人去後，還復馴伏。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1752" id="1755">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">何無忌</span>（？—四○三年），<span class="zhuanming">晉代</span><span class="zhuanming">東海</span><span class="zhuanming">郯</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>篡位，與<span class="zhuanming">劉裕</span>等起義兵。以興復功，封<span class="zhuanming">安城郡</span>開國公。後與<span class="zhuanming">盧循</span>戰，親自督戰而死。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷八五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1753" id="1756">〔三〕</a>清散：清雅散淡。按：<span class="shuming">蓮社高賢傳</span><span class="shuming">慧永法師</span>：「鎮南將軍<span class="zhuanming">何無忌</span>鎮<span class="zhuanming">尋陽</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>，請<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>及師。<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>持名望，從徒百餘，高言華論，舉止可觀。師衲衣半脛，荷錫捉鉢，松下飄然而至。<span class="zhuanming">無忌</span>謂衆曰：『<span class="zhuanming">永公</span>清散之風，乃多於<span class="zhuanming">遠師</span>也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>其門德行有<span class="zhuanming">道祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧遷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道流</span>，富有才思。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>每謂<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>等曰：「夫易悟盡如汝輩，則吾不復憂後生矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1763" id="1757">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「聞義不能徙，是吾憂也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【思】去聲，念也。</span> <span>其後<span class="zhuanming">遷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">流</span>夭世，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>曰：「此子並才義英茂，清悟日新。使此長往，一何痛哉！」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【其後遷夭世】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云「<span class="zhuanming">遷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">流</span>並年二十八而卒」，今<span class="shuming">録</span>「遷」字下少一「流」字。不爾，難用並字。夭，平﹑上二音，折也。【英茂】華而不實曰英。又，俊<a class="zhuhao" href="#1764" id="1758">〔二〕</a>也；下音貿，秀發曰茂也。</span> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">慧要</span>者，患山中無刻漏，乃於水上立十二葉芙蓉，因波轉以定十二時，晷景無差耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#1765" id="1759">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">又嘗作木鵝，令飛數百步。有<span class="zhuanming">張山人</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">廣政</span>中於<span class="zhuanming">蜀主</span>殿前立渾儀樓，注以水銀，令木人執十二時牌子，隨水銀轉對殿報時，晷刻不差。<span class="zhuanming">張山人</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">思訓</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">遂州</span>人。後入京，係司天監<a class="zhuhao" href="#1766" id="1760">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惠要】<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>弟子，附見<span class="shuming">道祖傳</span>。【刻漏】每日夜十二時，都一<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00296','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P296</span></i>百刻，子﹑午﹑卯﹑酉四正九刻，餘八各八刻。直箭漏者以水注壺中，漏其水多少以定時刻。【芙蓉】有木芙蓉，九月間開花者。有水芙蓉，乃蓮花也，今水有。傳直云蓮花。【因波轉】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云因流波轉，開也，分也。言木刻芙蓉十二葉，植泉水中。因水流每一時，披開一葉也。【晷】音軌，日景也，影也。【差】錯也。</span> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">僧澈</span>者，善篇牘<a class="zhuhao" href="#1767" id="1761">〔五〕</a>。嘗至山南，攀松而嘯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">盧山</span>南也。</span> <span>於是和風遠集，衆鳥悲鳴，超然有勝氣。退而諮於<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>曰：「律禁管弦歌舞，一吟一嘯，可得爲乎？」<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>曰：「以亂意言之，皆爲違法。」<span class="zhuanming">澈</span>聞，唯而止。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僧澈】<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>弟子，從水不從彳也。【篇】什也。又，篇章品目之號也。【牘】簡也。【嘯】蘇吊切。其法：舌如捲挂，口似衘環。道必千遍，其聲自圓。【勝氣】上音昇，舉也；下志也。【唯】上聲，應諾。</span> <span>其姑<span class="zhuanming">道儀</span>，見於<span class="shuming">高尼傳</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1768" id="1762">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">尼傳</span>四卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【道儀】<span class="zhuanming">何后寺</span>尼<span class="zhuanming">道儀</span>，<span class="zhuanming">惠遠</span>之姑也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1757" id="1763">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">道祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧遷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道流</span>：三人俱爲<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>弟子。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">道祖傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋道祖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴國</span>人也，少出家爲<span class="zhuanming">臺寺</span><span class="zhuanming">支法濟</span>弟子。幼有才思，精勤務學。後與同志<span class="zhuanming">僧遷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道流</span>等共入<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>七年，並山中受戒，各隨所習，日有其新。<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>每謂<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>等易悟，盡如此輩，不復憂後生矣。<span class="zhuanming">遷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">流</span>等並年二十八而卒，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>歎曰：『此子並才義英茂，清悟日新。懷此長往，一何痛哉！』<span class="zhuanming">道流</span>撰<span class="shuming">諸經目</span>未就，<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>爲成之，今行於世。<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>後還京師<span class="zhuanming">瓦官寺</span>講説，<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>每往觀聽，乃謂人曰：『<span class="zhuanming">道祖</span>後發，愈於<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>，但儒博不逮耳。』及<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>輔正，欲使沙門敬王，<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>乃辭還<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之<span class="zhuanming">臺寺</span>。有頃，<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>篡位，敕郡送<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>出京，<span class="zhuanming">祖</span>稱疾不行。於是絶迹人事，講道終日，以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">元熙</span>元年卒，春秋七十二矣。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00297','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P297</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1758" id="1764">〔二〕</a>俊：原誤作「後」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1759" id="1765">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">道祖傳</span>附<span class="shuming">慧要傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>有弟子<span class="zhuanming">慧要</span>，亦解經律，而尤長巧思。山中無刻漏，乃於泉水中立十二葉芙蓉，因流波轉，以定十二時，晷景無差焉。亦嘗作木鳶，飛數百步。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1760" id="1766">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">張山人</span>：<span class="zhuanming">張思訓</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>天文學家。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">太平興國</span>四年（九七九），造出以水銀爲動力流體的水運「渾象」。<span class="shuming">宋史</span><span class="shuming">天文志</span>：「其制：起樓高丈餘，機隱於内，規天矩地。下設地輪﹑地足；又爲横輪﹑側輪﹑斜輪﹑定身關﹑中關﹑小關﹑天柱；七直神，左摇鈴，右扣鐘，中擊鼓，以定刻數。每一晝夜，周而復始。又以木爲十二神，各直一時，至其時則自執辰牌，迴圈而出，隨刻數以定晝夜短長；上有天頂﹑天牙﹑天關﹑天指﹑天抱﹑天束﹑天條，布三百六十五度，爲日﹑月﹑五星﹑紫微宫﹑列宿﹑斗建﹑黄赤道，以日行度定寒暑進退。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1761" id="1767">〔五〕</a>篇牘：書籍。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷六二<span class="shuming">荀悦傳</span>附<span class="shuming">荀悦傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">悦</span>年十二，能説<span class="shuming">春秋</span>。家貧無書，每之人閒，所見篇牘，一覽多能誦記。」　按：<span class="shuming">蓮社高賢傳</span><span class="shuming">慧遠法師</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">僧澈</span>，善篇牘。嘗至山南，攀松而嘯。和風遠集，衆鳥悲鳴，超然有自得之趣。退咨於師曰：『律禁管弦歌舞。若一吟一笑，可得爲乎？』師曰：『苟以亂意，皆爲非法。』<span class="zhuanming">澈</span>唯而止。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1762" id="1768">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">道儀</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>之姑。<span class="shuming">比丘尼傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span>議者以爲<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>之門，豫樟杞梓也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1780" id="1769">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>是。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【豫樟】木名，樟材出<span class="zhuanming">洪州</span><span class="zhuanming">豫章郡</span>，故曰豫樟。【杞梓】上音起，木名也；下音子，楸木名也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">道安</span>之門，<span class="zhuanming">崑</span><span class="zhuanming">藍</span>琮璧也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1781" id="1770">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">琮璧，美<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00298','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P298</span></i>玉，出於<span class="zhuanming">崑山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">藍田</span>。<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崑藍】上<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">藍</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">藍田縣</span>也。二處皆出美玉。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>之門，瑚璉簠簋也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1782" id="1771">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>等也。<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>瑚﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>璉﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>簠簋也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑚璉】宗廟黍稷之名。【簠簋】上甫，下古美切，皆宗廟之器也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>之門，犀象齒革也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道祖</span>等，象之牙<a class="zhuhao" href="#1783" id="1772">〔四〕</a>﹑犀之革也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【犀象齒革】革，皮也。犀皮象牙也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧光</span>之門，孔翠羽毛也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1784" id="1773">〔五〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">光</span>姓<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span>人，師<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>出家。俊異朗悟，所習諸經，便爲人説。師爲出家，更多穎俊，時俗呼爲<span class="zhuanming">聖沙彌</span>，尤攻律部，造疏注經甚多。門學如林，入室九人，<span class="zhuanming">道暉</span>爲首，儒生<span class="zhuanming">馮衮</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孔翠羽毛】孔雀翡翠。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>之門，沉檀蘭蕙<a class="zhuhao" href="#1785" id="1774">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">窺基</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">洪道</span>，造百本疏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1786" id="1775">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沉檀】皆香。【蘭蕙】皆香草。青曰蘭，赤曰蕙。</span> <span>去聖逾遠，道德降矣，藝行美矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之代，多脩禪觀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1787" id="1776">〔八〕</a>，得道者多。<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>已降，慧學者多。藝解美矣，得道者少。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降】殺也。</span> <span>將非泉涸之魚，失江湖之所在，多其呴沫耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#1788" id="1777">〔九〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">逐聲教而流<a class="zhuhao" href="#1789" id="1778">〔一○〕</a>蕩，隨慧解以澆漓<a class="zhuhao" href="#1790" id="1779">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【呴沫】上香句切，沫也。煦悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1769" id="1780">〔一〕</a>豫樟：樹名，有説即今之樟樹。<span class="zhuanming">白居易</span><span class="shuming">寓意詩五首</span>：「豫樟生深山，七年而後知。挺高二百尺，本末皆十圍。天子建明堂，此材獨中規。」　杞梓：杞和梓，皆良材。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十六年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>卿不如<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，其大夫則賢，皆卿材也。如杞梓﹑皮革，自<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>往也。雖<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>有材，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>實用之。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「杞﹑梓皆木名。」比喻優秀人材。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五四<span class="shuming">陸機陸雲傳論</span>：「觀夫<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陸雲</span>，實<span class="zhuanming">荆</span><span class="zhuanming">衡</span>之杞梓，挺珪璋於秀實，馳英華於早年。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1770" id="1781">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">崑</span>：傳説中産玉之山。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">胤征</span>：「火炎<span class="zhuanming">崑岡</span>，玉石俱焚。」　<span class="zhuanming">藍</span>：<span class="zhuanming">藍田</span>。在<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>東南，亦以産玉著<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00299','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P299</span></i>稱。琮：瑞玉，常用作祭地的禮器。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">大宗伯</span>：「以黄琮禮地。」注：「琮八方，象地。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1771" id="1782">〔三〕</a>瑚﹑璉﹑簠﹑簋：皆爲宗廟禮器，用以比喻治國安邦之才。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問曰：『<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也何如？』子曰：『女，器也。』曰：『何器也？』曰：『瑚璉也。』」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「簠簋俎豆，制度文章，禮之器也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1772" id="1783">〔四〕</a>牙：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「是」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1773" id="1784">〔五〕</a>孔翠：孔雀和翠鳥。<span class="zhuanming">王粲</span><span class="shuming">迷迭賦</span>：「色光潤而采發兮，似孔翠之揚精。」孔翠羽毛，極言俊異之才衆多。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">釋慧光傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧光</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">楊氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">盧</span>人也。年十三，隨父入<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，四月八日往<span class="zhuanming">佛陀禪師</span>所從受三歸。<span class="zhuanming">陀</span>異其眼光外射如焰，深惟必有奇操也。苦邀留之，且令誦經。<span class="zhuanming">光</span>執卷覽文，曾若昔習，旁通博義，窮諸幽理。兼以劇談譎，詭態新奇，變動物情，時談逸口，至夏末度而出家。所習經誥便爲人説，辭既清靡，理亦高華，時人號之<span class="zhuanming">聖沙彌</span>也。……自正道東指，弘匠於世，則以<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>爲言初。緇素革風，廣位聲教，則<span class="zhuanming">慧光</span>抑其次矣。凡所撰<span class="shuming">勝鬘</span>﹑<span class="shuming">遺教</span>﹑<span class="shuming">温室</span>﹑<span class="shuming">仁王般若</span>等，皆有注釋。又再造<span class="shuming">四分律疏</span>百二十紙，後代引之爲義節。并<span class="shuming">羯磨戒本</span>咸加删定，被於法侣，今咸誦之。又著<span class="shuming">玄宗論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大乘義律義章</span>﹑<span class="shuming">仁王七誡</span>及<span class="shuming">僧制十八條</span>，並文旨清肅，見重時世。學士<span class="zhuanming">道雲</span>，早依師禀。奉<span class="zhuanming">光</span>遺令，專弘律部，造疏九卷，爲衆所先。……又<span class="zhuanming">光</span>門人<span class="zhuanming">道暉</span>者，連衡<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>席。情智傲岸，不守方隅。略<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>所製以爲七卷，間以意會。……時<span class="zhuanming">光</span>諸學士翹穎如林，衆所推仰者十人，揀選行解，入室惟九，有儒生<span class="zhuanming">馮衮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">光</span>乃將入數中。<span class="zhuanming">衮</span>本<span class="zhuanming">冀</span>人，通解經史，被貢入臺，用擬觀國，私自惟曰：『玄素兩教，頗曾懷抱。至於<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>宗，生未信重。試往候<span class="zhuanming">光</span>，欲論名理。』正值上講，因而就聽。矚其威容，聆其<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00300','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P300</span></i>清辯，文句所指，遣滯爲先。即坐盡虔，傷聞其晚。頓足稽顙，畢命歸依。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1774" id="1785">〔六〕</a>沉檀：沉香和旃檀香。蘭蕙：蘭和蕙，皆香草。都用以喻賢者。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">揚雄傳上</span>：「排玉户而颺金鋪兮，發蘭蕙與穹窮。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1775" id="1786">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">釋窺基</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">洪道</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">尉遲氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span><span class="zhuanming">長安</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>的大弟子。<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1776" id="1787">〔八〕</a>禪觀：坐禪而觀念真理。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1777" id="1788">〔九〕</a>呴沫：語本<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「泉涸，魚相與處於陸，相呴以濕，相濡以沫，不如相忘於江湖。」謂用唾沫互相潤濕。比喻在困境中互相救助，引申後有互相吹嘘之意。<span class="zhuanming">胡應麟</span><span class="shuming">詩藪</span>外編卷五<span class="shuming">宋</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人一代，沾沾自相煦沫，讀其遺言，大概如入<span class="zhuanming">夜郎</span>王國耳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1778" id="1789">〔一○〕</a>流：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「依」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1779" id="1790">〔一一〕</a>聲教：指佛教。教由聲而説，故曰聲教。　澆漓：浮薄不厚。<span class="zhuanming">王融</span><span class="shuming">爲竟陵王與劉虯書</span>：「淳清既辨，澆漓代襲。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>人，南北兩都。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">劉氏</span>都<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">元氏</span>都<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【都江南】<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>風尚華，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>風猶淳。淳則寡不據道，華則多遊於藝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1801" id="1791">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>高僧，藝解光時，弘闡法教，故曰華也。<span class="zhuanming">元</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>高僧，以禪觀行業據道<a class="zhuhao" href="#1802" id="1792">〔二〕</a>，故曰淳<a class="zhuhao" href="#1803" id="1793">〔三〕</a>。然在人不在他也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尚華】飾言辭曰尚華。【猶淳】質朴也。不但遊談，貴於體解。</span> <span>夫何以知？觀乎北則枝葉生於德教，南則枝葉生辭行<a class="zhuhao" href="#1804" id="1794">〔四〕</a>。昔<span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>宰<span class="zhuanming">漆雕氏</span>以大蔡繁簡知<span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>之優劣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">漆雕開</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>賢人。宰，家宰也。<span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>世貯<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00301','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P301</span></i>大蔡之龜。<span class="zhuanming">文仲</span>賢，三年一卜<a class="zhuhao" href="#1805" id="1795">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">武仲</span>，二年一卜，已下一年一卜。簡，少也。繁，多也。知其優勝劣弱也。</span> <span>今奚獨不若於憑乎其象？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">奚，何也。<span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>以蔡龜之象而知優劣，何不以淳華而知其師訓也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1806" id="1796">〔六〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臧氏】往也出<span class="zhuanming">東觀</span>，本自<span class="zhuanming">魯孝公</span><span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>之後，今目<span class="zhuanming">文仲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武仲</span>也。【宰】制也，大夫之臣有三，一家老﹑二邑宰﹑三陪臣。此邑宰。【漆雕氏】上七，下刁，<span class="zhuanming">漆雕開</span>也。【蔡】龜也。【憑乎其象】上扶冰切，託也。此有二解：一我今何如獨不如<span class="zhuanming">漆雕氏</span>，託其象知勝劣也。二云憑，謂<span class="zhuanming">漆雕氏</span>憑意云，我今何獨不如<span class="zhuanming">漆雕</span>。觀其蔡象，知<span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>勝劣也。</span> <span>文章之家，<span class="zhuanming">屈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>，遞相祖述<a class="zhuhao" href="#1807" id="1797">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">屈平</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋玉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">揚子雲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬長卿</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1808" id="1798">〔八〕</a>，皆祖述文章之士。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【屈】音厥，又音崛。<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>姓也，爲三閭大夫，文章之道也。【宋玉】<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>下大夫，多才皃，宗於<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>。【揚雄】字<span class="zhuanming">子雲</span>，大有才能，法<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span>者也。【馬長卿】<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span>者也，甚有文章。【遞】亭繼切，更代也。【祖述】始也，法也，本也，上也，述也，作也，著也。</span> <span>雖欲速鞭，難其齊足<a class="zhuhao" href="#1809" id="1799">〔九〕</a>。故道德言行，古今殊世，厥若坡陀矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1810" id="1800">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不齊貌。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【言行】下去。【鞭】策馬也。【陂陀】上音碑，澤障也；下音駝，險阻不平皃。<span class="shuming">招魂</span>云：文異豹飾侍陂陀。此二注陂陀者，長階陛，上下有級也。又，<span class="shuming">子虚賦</span>云：罷池陂陀。陂音婆，取義解<span class="shuming">録</span>，可了也。</span> <span>浸微矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">漸次貌。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【浸微】上子鴆切，漬也，漸也；下細也，小也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1791" id="1801">〔一〕</a>遊於藝：謂遊憩於六藝之中。出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「志於道，據於德，依於仁，遊於藝。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「藝，六藝也，不足據依故曰遊。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「六藝謂禮﹑樂﹑射﹑馭﹑書﹑數也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1792" id="1802">〔二〕</a>行業：佛教指恪守戒律的操行。<span class="shuming">顔氏家訓</span><span class="shuming">歸心</span>：「以僧尼行業多不精純爲姦慝也。」<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00302','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P302</span></i>六<span class="shuming">藍摩國</span>：「我惟多福，濫跡僧中，歲月亟淹，行業無紀。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1793" id="1803">〔三〕</a>淳：原誤作「渟」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1794" id="1804">〔四〕</a>德教：道德教化。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">離婁上</span>：「巨室之所慕，一國慕之；一國之所慕，天下慕之；故沛然德教溢乎四海。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1795" id="1805">〔五〕</a>卜：原誤作「十」。按：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「子使<span class="zhuanming">漆雕開</span>仕，對曰：『吾斯之未能信。』子説。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">漆雕開</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子，字<span class="zhuanming">子若</span>。」<span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">權謀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>問<span class="zhuanming">漆雕馬人</span>曰：『子事<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武仲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孺子容</span>三大夫者，孰爲賢？』<span class="zhuanming">馬人</span>對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臧文氏</span>家有龜焉，名曰蔡。<span class="zhuanming">文仲</span>立，三年爲一兆焉；<span class="zhuanming">武仲</span>立，三年爲二兆焉；<span class="zhuanming">孺子容</span>立，三年爲三兆焉。<span class="zhuanming">馬人</span>見之矣。若夫三大夫之賢不賢，<span class="zhuanming">馬人</span>不識也。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『君子哉，<span class="zhuanming">漆雕氏</span>之子！其言人之美也，隱而顯；其言人之過也，又微而著。故智不能及，明不能見，得無數卜乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1796" id="1806">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>居蔡，山節藻棁，何如其知也！」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">臧孫氏</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">辰</span>。居，猶藏也。蔡，大龜也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1797" id="1807">〔七〕</a>述：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「迷」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1798" id="1808">〔八〕</a>卿：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「鄉」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1799" id="1809">〔九〕</a>速：加快。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷二下：「速，疾也。」　鞭：鞭打。意謂加速。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三下：「鞭，驅也。」　齊足：猶並駕。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">揚雄傳上</span>：「騁驊騮以曲艱兮，驢騾連蹇而齊足。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「驊騮，駿馬名也，其色如華而赤也。言使駿馬馳騖於屈曲艱阻之中，則與驢騾齊足也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00303','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P303</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1800" id="1810">〔一○〕</a>坡陀：傾斜不平貌。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">司馬相如列傳</span>：「登陂阤之長阪兮，坌入曾宫之嵯嶬。」<span class="zhuanming">司馬貞</span><span class="shuming">索隱</span>：「登陂陁。陂音普何反。陁音徒何反。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫琢奇璞爲美器，良工之能也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1831" id="1811">〔一〕</a>；構貞材爲廣厦，哲匠之力也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1832" id="1812">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【琢璞】普角切，玉未治者。<span class="shuming">老子</span>云：散則爲器。【厦】胡假切，大屋也。</span> <span>授專門以成德，仁師之訓也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1833" id="1813">〔三〕</a>。故鳥可以擇木，魚可以擇泉，臣可以擇君，弟子可以擇師<a class="zhuhao" href="#1834" id="1814">〔四〕</a>。夫不能爲臣而求能爲君，不能爲子而求能爲父，不能爲弟子而求能爲師者，難矣！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">忖己度事可矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爲】去聲，作也。下五字皆平呼。【忖】倉本切，思也，度也。</span> <span>故爲人在恕己也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1835" id="1815">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恕己】上音庶，仁恕也。經云恕己以爲喻。</span> <span>然父子，天屬也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1836" id="1816">〔六〕</a>，其有不象者；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父子之道，天性也，若<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鮌</span>，不象者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禹】<span class="zhuanming">鮌</span>之子也。【鮌】古本切。</span> <span>君臣，國體也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1837" id="1817">〔七〕</a>，故有象﹑不象者；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>之元凱爲象也，四兇爲不象也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1838" id="1818">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【體】理體也，事體也。</span> <span>師資，義會也，安得有不象者乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#1839" id="1819">〔九〕</a>？如<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>生<span class="zhuanming">均</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>生<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>，父子象﹑不象也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1840" id="1820">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>大聖，生<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>不肖，爲父子不象也；<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>聖，生<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>亦聖，爲父子之象也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【舜】<span class="zhuanming">瞽</span>之子也，孝德聞于天下。【均】<span class="zhuanming">均</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之子也，<span class="zhuanming">均</span>而不肖<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">庭堅</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>臣，<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>臣，<span class="zhuanming">歡兜</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>臣，<span class="zhuanming">龍逢</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>臣，君臣象﹑不象也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1841" id="1821">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">庭堅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>也，與<span class="zhuanming">虞舜</span>爲象。<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>與<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>爲象也。<span class="zhuanming">歡兜</span>與<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">龍逢</span>與<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>，爲君臣不象者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【庭堅】字<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>理官。【虞】<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>也。其先有於<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>，故曰<span class="zhuanming">有虞氏</span>。【紂】<span class="zhuanming">殷王受</span>名也。【飛廉】善走，力事於<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>克<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>，戮之。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00304','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P304</span></i>【歡兜】上音歡，下當侯切，即<span class="zhuanming">混敦</span>也。【堯】翼垚傳賢曰堯。【龍逢】下音龐，切諫<span class="zhuanming">桀王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>惡而殺之。【桀】<span class="zhuanming">夏王</span>名。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之門，<span class="zhuanming">顔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>尚於仁義；<span class="zhuanming">鬼谷</span>之門，<span class="zhuanming">蘇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張</span>尚於譎詐，克象也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1842" id="1822">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蘇秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張儀</span>，並師<span class="zhuanming">鬼谷子</span>，學縱横捭闔之術也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鬼谷】<span class="zhuanming">潁川</span><span class="zhuanming">陽城</span>有<span class="zhuanming">鬼谷</span>，其人居此，故號<span class="zhuanming">鬼谷子</span>。【捭闔】上音擺，下音盍。或云揣摩，<span class="shuming">鬼谷子</span>有<span class="shuming">揣摩篇</span>。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之門，三尺童子猶耻言其霸<a class="zhuhao" href="#1843" id="1823">〔一三〕</a>。昔<span class="zhuanming">釋公</span>道行乎<span class="zhuanming">關右</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1844" id="1824">〔一四〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>化被於<span class="zhuanming">江左</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1845" id="1825">〔一五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">法汏</span>亮直於<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>世<a class="zhuhao" href="#1846" id="1826">〔一六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法汏</span>與<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>同行，<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>往<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">汏</span>至<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">桓温</span>迎之。身長八尺，風恣可觀，與<span class="zhuanming">道恒法師</span>論議而破之，興<span class="zhuanming">瓦官寺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">王珣</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>常禮焉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【釋公】<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>也。【廬山】<span class="zhuanming">惠遠</span>也。【亮直】上明也，導也；下直正也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">道生</span>果斷於<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>年<a class="zhuhao" href="#1847" id="1827">〔一七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂定言一切衆生皆得成佛於<span class="zhuanming">宋代</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【果斷】果敢也，勝也，定也；下音鍛，决也，泮也。</span> <span>夫何象也？歷觀前往，孰能不由道德之室而至於大名乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#1848" id="1828">〔一八〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>云：「師者，人之模範也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1849" id="1829">〔一九〕</a>不模不範，不可以爲師也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「善歌者使人繼其聲，善教者使人繼其志也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1850" id="1830">〔二○〕</a>故不能繼<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>聖人而能繼<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之君子，何莫由師之道焉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1811" id="1831">〔一〕</a>奇璞：珍奇的未經雕琢的玉石。<span class="zhuanming">司馬彪</span><span class="shuming">贈山濤</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">卞和</span>潛幽冥，誰能證奇璞。」　美器：精美的器具。<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">郭子儀傳</span>：「前後賜良田﹑美器﹑名園﹑甲館不勝紀。」　良工：技藝高超的人。<span class="shuming">墨子</span><span class="shuming">尚賢中</span>：「今王公大人有一衣裳不能製也，必藉良工。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1812" id="1832">〔二〕</a>貞材：堅勁耐寒的木材。　哲匠：指有高明技術的工匠。<span class="zhuanming">劉禹錫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">裴度</span><span class="shuming">予自到洛中與樂天爲文<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00305','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P305</span></i>酒之會聯句</span>：「洪鑪思哲匠，大厦要群材。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1813" id="1833">〔三〕</a>專門：指自成一家﹑獨立門户者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1814" id="1834">〔四〕</a>按：鳥之擇木﹑臣之擇君者，<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔文子</span>之將攻<span class="zhuanming">大叔</span>也，訪於<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『胡簋之事，則嘗學之矣；甲兵之事，未之聞也。』退，命駕而行，曰：『鳥則擇木，木豈能擇鳥？』<span class="zhuanming">文子</span>遽止之，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">圉</span>豈敢度其私，訪<span class="zhuanming">衛國</span>之難也。』將止，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人以幣召之，乃歸。」又<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷三<span class="shuming">弟子行</span>：「是故君擇臣而任之，臣亦擇君而事之，有道順命，無道衡命。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1815" id="1835">〔五〕</a>恕己：擴充自己的仁愛之心。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">成帝紀</span>：「崇寬大，長和睦，凡事恕己，毋行苛刻。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1816" id="1836">〔六〕</a>天屬：天性相連。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">山木</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子桑雽</span>曰：子獨不聞假人之亡與？<span class="zhuanming">林回</span>棄千金之璧，負赤子而趨。或曰：『爲其布與？赤子之布寡矣；爲其累與？赤子之累多矣；棄千金之璧，負赤子而趨，何也？』<span class="zhuanming">林回</span>曰：『彼以利合，此以天屬也。』夫以利合者，迫窮禍患害相棄也；以天屬者，迫窮禍患害相收也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1817" id="1837">〔七〕</a>國體：大臣輔佐國君，猶人之有股肱，故稱之爲國體。<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十五年</span>：「大夫，國體也。」<span class="zhuanming">范甯</span>注：「君之卿佐，是謂股肱，故曰國體。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1818" id="1838">〔八〕</a>堯：原誤作「澆」。　元凱：「八元八凱」的省稱。凱，通愷。傳説<span class="zhuanming">高辛氏</span>有才子八人，稱爲八元；<span class="zhuanming">高陽氏</span>有才子八人，稱爲八愷。此十六人之後裔，世濟其美，不隕其名。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>舉之於<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，皆以政教稱美。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">高陽氏</span>有才子八人，<span class="zhuanming">蒼舒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">隤敳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">檮戭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大臨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">尨降</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">庭堅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲容</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔達</span>，齊﹑聖﹑廣﹑淵﹑明﹑允﹑篤﹑誠，天下之民謂之八愷。<span class="zhuanming">高辛氏</span>有才子八人，<span class="zhuanming">伯奮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲堪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔獻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">季仲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00306','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P306</span></i>虎</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲熊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔豹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">季狸</span>，忠﹑肅﹑共﹑懿﹑宣﹑慈﹑惠﹑和，天下之民謂之八元。此十六族也，世濟其美，不隕其名，以至於<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>不能舉。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>臣<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，舉八愷，使主后土，以揆百事，莫不時序，地平天成。舉八元，使布五教于四方，父義﹑母慈﹑兄友﹑弟共﹑子孝，内平外成。」　四兇：相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>時代四個惡名昭彰的部族首領。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>臣<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，賓于四門，流四兇族，<span class="zhuanming">渾敦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">窮奇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">檮杌</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">饕餮</span>，投諸四裔，以禦魑魅。是以<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>崩而天下如一，同心戴<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>以爲天子，以其舉十六相，去四兇也。」<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「流<span class="zhuanming">共工</span>于<span class="zhuanming">幽洲</span>，放<span class="zhuanming">驩兜</span>于<span class="zhuanming">崇山</span>，竄<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>于<span class="zhuanming">三危</span>，殛<span class="zhuanming">鯀</span>于<span class="zhuanming">羽山</span>。四罪而天下咸服。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1819" id="1839">〔九〕</a>師資：猶師生。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷三一<span class="shuming">廉范傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">范</span>叩頭曰：『臣無狀愚戇，以爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>等皆已伏誅，不勝師資之情，罪當萬坐。』」<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">言語</span>：「昔先君<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>，與君先人<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>有師資之尊，是僕與君奕世爲通好也。」　義：猶道﹑理。　會：聚合，在一起。義會謂因求道在一起。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1820" id="1840">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">五帝本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>子<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>亦不肖，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>乃豫薦<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>於天。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1821" id="1841">〔一一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">庭堅</span>：「八凱」之一。　<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>：<span class="zhuanming">商紂</span>的諛臣。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">滕文公下</span>：「驅<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>於海隅而戮之。」<span class="zhuanming">趙岐</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>諛臣。」　<span class="zhuanming">歡兜</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">驩兜</span>，四兇之一，相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>時的部落首領。　<span class="zhuanming">龍逢</span>：亦作「龍逄」，即<span class="zhuanming">關龍逢</span>。<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>之賢人，因諫而被<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>所殺。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">龍逢</span>斬﹑<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>剖。」<span class="zhuanming">劉向</span><span class="shuming">九歎</span><span class="shuming">怨思</span>：「若<span class="zhuanming">龍逄</span>之沉首兮，<span class="zhuanming">王子比干</span>之逢醢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1822" id="1842">〔一二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">顔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>：<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>。　譎詐：狡詐，奸詐。<span class="shuming">六韜</span><span class="shuming">王翼</span>：「術士二人，主爲譎詐，依託鬼神，以惑衆心。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1823" id="1843">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">仲尼</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之門，五尺之豎子言羞稱乎<span class="zhuanming">五伯</span>。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00307','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P307</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1824" id="1844">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">關右</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">潼關</span>以西。在地理上古人以西爲右。<span class="zhuanming">王粲</span><span class="shuming">從軍行</span>：「相公征<span class="zhuanming">關右</span>，赫怒震天威。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1825" id="1845">〔一五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">江左</span>：<span class="zhuanming">長江</span>下游南岸地區。在地理上古人以東爲左，故亦稱「<span class="zhuanming">江東</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">魏禧</span><span class="shuming">日録雜説</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">江東</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">江左</span>，<span class="zhuanming">江西</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">江右</span>。何也？曰：自<span class="zhuanming">江</span>北視之，<span class="zhuanming">江東</span>在左，<span class="zhuanming">江西</span>在右耳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1826" id="1846">〔一六〕</a>亮直：誠實正直。<span class="shuming">孔叢子</span><span class="shuming">陳士義</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">東閭子</span>疏達亮直，大丈夫也。」<span class="shuming">舊唐書</span><span class="shuming">良吏傳</span><span class="shuming">張知謇</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">知謇</span>敏於從政，性亮直，不喜有請託求進﹑無才而冒位者。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1827" id="1847">〔一七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">道生</span>（公元三五五—四三四年），俗姓<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span>人。幼隨<span class="zhuanming">竺法汰</span>出家，改姓<span class="zhuanming">竺</span>。以慧解著稱，主張佛性人人「本有」，提出「一闡提人皆得成佛」。其「頓悟成佛」説影響巨大。　果斷：修行人把斷除煩惱叫「子斷」，若連果報的身體也斷了，即叫「果斷」。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">竺道生傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">道生</span>）以<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>十一年冬十一月庚子，於<span class="zhuanming">廬山精舍</span>昇於法座，神色開朗，德音俊發。論議數番，窮理盡妙。觀聽之衆，莫不悟悦。法席將畢，忽見麈尾紛然而墜。端坐正容，隱几而卒。顔色不異，似若入定。道俗嗟駭，遠近悲泣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1828" id="1848">〔一八〕</a>由：經由。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">雍也</span>：「誰能出不由户？」　大名：大名望。<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公十九年</span>：「君不尸小事，臣不專大名。善則稱君，過則稱己，則民作讓矣。」<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span><span class="shuming">與于襄陽書</span>：「士之能享大名顯當世者，莫不有先達之士﹑負天下之望者，爲之前焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1829" id="1849">〔一九〕</a>按：出<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">法言</span><span class="shuming">學行</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1830" id="1850">〔二○〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記</span>。善於唱歌者，能使人沉醉其中流連不忘；善於教學的人，能使人繼承其志向而努力不懈。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00308','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P308</span></i><p> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>至<span class="zhuanming">安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安</span>至<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>至<span class="zhuanming">曇順</span>，<span class="zhuanming">順</span>至<span class="zhuanming">僧慧</span>，凡五世<a class="zhuhao" href="#1856" id="1851">〔一〕</a>，價重帝王，風動四方，事標史册，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">書</span>曰：「四方風動，唯乃之休。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曇順】<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>門人。【僧惠】<span class="zhuanming">曇順</span>門人。【價重】上音嫁，聲價也；下重，上聲也。【史册】上籍也。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云<a class="zhuhao" href="#1857" id="1852">〔二〕</a>：史，記事者也；下簡册。【書曰】<span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>文也。</span> <span>其或立德也﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂禪觀之行者。</span> <span>立功也﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">翻譯流傳。</span> <span>立言也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">講説著述。</span> <span>爲天下之人也。<span class="zhuanming">僧會</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>爲天下之人，而一<span class="zhuanming">會</span>一<span class="zhuanming">遁</span>，其後篾聞也。然有至乎累世者，或青出於藍，或冰出於水<a class="zhuhao" href="#1858" id="1853">〔三〕</a>。但爲一方之賢，未果爲天下之賢者也。故爲弟子者，患師不得於<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>；爲師者，亦患弟子不至於<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>。夫鼓鍾于宫，聲聞于外。懸象在天<a class="zhuhao" href="#1859" id="1854">〔四〕</a>，光流于下。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【患】病也，憂也。【懸象】日月星之總名。</span> <span>琴瑟在御，知音難閟。冰雪載駕，遺躅寧隱？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此上喻好事匿于内，光華彰于外，必有跡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【琴瑟在御】上巨今切，<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>作本五絃，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>加<span class="zhuanming">文</span><span class="zhuanming">武</span>二絃。<span class="shuming">白虎通</span>曰：琴，禁也。以禁正淫，雅正人心也。瑟，所櫛切，<span class="zhuanming">庖羲氏</span>作，御中理也，進也。【難閟】上平。【寧隱】安藏也。</span> <span>如彼德行秉躬，語默信時，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既藴德行，不言人自信，若桃李之自蹊也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【秉躬】上音丙，持執也；下音弓，身也。</span> <span>雖高岸已谷，松柏已朽，而徽華弗蔽，洋洋乎盈耳哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1860" id="1855">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">洋洋，美譽也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徽華弗蔽】上音揮，美也；華，榮也。又旌華也。<span class="zhuanming">崔豹</span><span class="shuming">古今注</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>誹謗方今華表也，古有德者旌其閭里。如<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">惠約</span>，其居處號「智者寺」，其生處號「智者里」是也。弗，不也。蔽，障也，隱也，暗也。【洋洋】美也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00309','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P309</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1851" id="1856">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇順</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">釋道祖傳</span>附<span class="shuming">曇順</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>又有弟子<span class="zhuanming">曇順</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇詵</span>，並義學致譽。<span class="zhuanming">順</span>本<span class="zhuanming">黄龍</span>人，少受業<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>，後還師<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，蔬食有德行。」　<span class="zhuanming">僧慧</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">釋僧慧傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧慧</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">皇甫</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">安定</span><span class="zhuanming">朝那</span>人，高士<span class="zhuanming">謐</span>之苗裔。先人避難，寓居<span class="zhuanming">襄陽</span>，世爲冠族。<span class="zhuanming">慧</span>少出家，止<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span><span class="zhuanming">竹林寺</span>，事<span class="zhuanming">曇順</span>爲師。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1852" id="1857">〔二〕</a>説文云：原誤作「説云文」，今乙改。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1853" id="1858">〔三〕</a>累世：歷代，接連幾代。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">榮辱</span>：「又欲夫餘財蓄積之富也，然而窮年累世不知不足，是人之情也。」<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷七○<span class="shuming">孔融傳</span>：「先君<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>與君先人<span class="zhuanming">李老君</span>同德比義，而相師友，則<span class="zhuanming">融</span>與君累世通家。」<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">勸學</span>：「青，取之於藍而青於藍；冰，水爲之而寒於水。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1854" id="1859">〔四〕</a>懸象：天象。這裏指日月星辰。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>作「縣象」。<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">典引</span>：「懸象闇而恒文乖，彝倫斁而舊章缺。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1855" id="1860">〔五〕</a>徽華：猶休光，喻美德。<span class="shuming">梁書</span><span class="shuming">皇后傳論</span>：「至於<span class="zhuanming">穆貴嬪</span>，徽華早著，誕育元良，德懋六宫，美矣。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">曹</span><span class="zhuanming">馬</span>之年，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>之代也。</span> <span>經論權輿，源流混淆<a class="zhuhao" href="#1864" id="1861">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">教法初來，若混淆之濁水，流泛未廣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【混淆】混濁也。下胡茅切，渾也。</span> <span>宣唱者但包括大義，翫味玄旨，至於剖析名相，罔有攸據。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罔，無。攸，所也。教文多闕。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【包括】總相含也，及也。</span> <span>豈非聲教所覃未備者歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#1865" id="1862">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覃】徒含切，延也，及也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">安公</span>初見譯諸部小論，蹈詠稱慶，以爲幸覩三藏全矣，而未知但滄溟畎澮耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#1866" id="1863">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">畎澮，田畔溝渠，喻所覩者也，滄溟喻未覩者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蹈詠】<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：詠之不足，手舞之，足蹈（之）也。【畎澮】上古泫切，小水流也；下古會切。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：「水注溝曰澮也。」</span> <span>雖上<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00310','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P310</span></i>士，假微詮以悟旨，而中則實未多也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1861" id="1864">〔一〕</a>權輿：起始。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">秦風</span><span class="shuming">權輿</span>：「今也每食無餘，于嗟乎！不承權輿。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「權輿，始也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1862" id="1865">〔二〕</a>覃：蔓延，延伸。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周南</span><span class="shuming">葛覃</span>：「葛之覃兮，施于中谷。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1863" id="1866">〔三〕</a>小論：細碎的言論。<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷六○二引<span class="zhuanming">桓譚</span><span class="shuming">新論</span>：「通才著書以百數，惟<span class="zhuanming">太史公</span>爲廣大，餘皆藂殘小論，不能比之<span class="zhuanming">子雲</span>所造<span class="shuming">法言</span>﹑<span class="shuming">太玄</span>也。」　蹈詠：舞蹈和吟唱。<span class="zhuanming">周煇</span><span class="shuming">清波别志</span>卷上：「獨是涵濡德澤，厠五朝之幸民；蹈詠和平，際千載之嘉會。」　稱慶：道賀。<span class="shuming">北史</span>卷八六<span class="shuming">循吏傳</span><span class="shuming">魏德深</span>：「歌呼滿道，互相稱慶。」　滄溟：大海。　畎澮：田間水溝。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「予決九川距四海，濬畎澮距川。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「畎澮，田間溝也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北涼</span><span class="zhuanming">浮陀跋摩</span>譯<span class="shuming">阿毗曇毗婆沙</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1877" id="1867">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">覺鎧</span>，西國人。<span class="zhuanming">蒙遜</span>子<span class="zhuanming">茂虔</span>請譯於<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，凡一百卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【茂虔】<span class="shuming">北史</span>云<span class="zhuanming">牧犍</span>也。</span> <span>學者挹其波瀾，浩若無涯涘矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【挹】音揖，酌也。【波瀾】水起曰波，大波曰瀾。【涯涘】上水際也；下音俟，水涯渥也。如今舉蠻菡萏而無極，波瀾浩渺而無際。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">佛陀耶舍</span>善<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>，時號「赤髭」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1878" id="1868">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">覺明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>人，婆羅門族。年十三，隨師日誦三萬言，誦大小乘經數百萬。性度簡慠，不爲諸僧所遇。<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>於<span class="zhuanming">沙勒</span>，甚相隆厚。自<span class="zhuanming">龜兹</span>至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，譯<span class="shuming">十住經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">姚爽</span>疑其所誦，令誦於<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>籍藥方，可五萬言，二日誦就。覆之，不誤一字。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【善大毗婆沙】大字剩，或善字是號字也。【羌籍】上去羊切，西戎名；下秦昔切，簿籍也。戎人户口，故曰<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>籍。【沙勒】或云<span class="zhuanming">踈沙國</span>，去<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>一萬三千。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">卑摩羅叉</span>善<span class="shuming">十誦</span>，時號「青眼」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1879" id="1869">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">無垢眼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>人。苦節<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00311','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P311</span></i>律藏，與<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>相遇，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>禮爲師。譯<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>爲六十卷。卒<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span><span class="zhuanming">石澗寺</span>，時號「<span class="zhuanming">青眼律師</span>」也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">曇始</span>足白，於時呼「白足阿練若」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1880" id="1870">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">始</span>行不履地。練若即僧也，無争寂静義。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span>在<span class="zhuanming">沙勒</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>師。後至<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">什</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>汙戒，曰：「<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>如好綿纊，何可使入棘林中乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#1881" id="1871">〔五〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>嘗謂<span class="zhuanming">什</span>曰：「大師聦明超悟，天下莫二。一旦後世，何可使法種無嗣？」遂以妓女十人，逼令受之。自爾已來，不住僧坊，别立廨舍。每至講説，常先譬喻如臭泥中生蓮花，但採蓮花，勿取臭泥。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綿纊】細曰綿，麁曰絮；下音曠，細綿也。<span class="shuming">禹貢</span><span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>云：厥貢絲﹑枲，絺﹑紵錫磬，厥篚纖纊。【坊】省名，署也。【廨】音懈，公廨也，署也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">什</span>啓<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>主曰：「夫欲宣通無上法教，宜令文義理趣圓通<a class="zhuhao" href="#1882" id="1872">〔六〕</a>。貧道雖復讀誦其文，未善其理。唯有<span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span>深達經教，今在<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，願詔徵之。一言三詳，然後著筆，使微言不墜，取信千載。」<span class="zhuanming">興</span>乃聘<span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1883" id="1873">〔七〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span>笑曰：「明旨既降，便應載馳。檀越待士既厚，脱如<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>見處，則未敢聞命。」<span class="zhuanming">興</span>歎其機慎，重詔敦喻乃至<a class="zhuhao" href="#1884" id="1874">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姑臧】<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>。【載】年也。【聘】匹正切，問訪也。【載馳】上事也，則也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「載馳載驅。」【待士】七悮。【脱】<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：「無禮則脱。」【處】留也，居也。【機慎】主發謂之機；慎，誡也。【重】平呼，復也。【敦喻】厚告也。</span> <span>悲夫！<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>殺<span class="zhuanming">竇犢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>不濟于<span class="zhuanming">河</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1885" id="1875">〔九〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>自<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>將之<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">河</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>殺<span class="zhuanming">竇鳴犢</span>及<span class="zhuanming">舜華</span>，乃臨<span class="zhuanming">河</span>而歎曰：「美哉水，洋洋乎。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之不濟，此命也夫！」<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問：「何謂也？」「<span class="zhuanming">竇犢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>未得志，須之，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">趙</span>之賢大夫也，<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>今殺之。刳胎焚林，則麒麟不至；覆巢破卵，則鳳凰不翔」云云，遂迴車不渡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00312','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P312</span></i>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>蠱<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>，<span class="zhuanming">耶舍</span>辭於入國<a class="zhuhao" href="#1886" id="1876">〔一○〕</a>。豈非害一賢而群賢不塈，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">塈，至也。</span> <span>翫一德而衆德將離乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蠱】毒，媚惑也。【晉殺竇犢】<span class="zhuanming">劉向</span><span class="shuming">新序</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>欲傳天下，謂其相曰：<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>有<span class="zhuanming">竇犢犨</span>（赤周切），<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>有<span class="zhuanming">鳴鐸</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>有<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。吾殺三人者，天下可王矣。乃詔<span class="zhuanming">犢犨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鳴鐸</span>而問政。已，即殺之。以使聘<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>于<span class="zhuanming">河</span>上，欲中流而殺之。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>至<span class="zhuanming">河</span>，仰天而歎曰：善哉，水洋洋乎。使<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>不濟水者，命也夫。<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>趍而問，子曰：夫<span class="zhuanming">犢犨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鳴鐸</span>，賢丈夫也。<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>未得志之時而從其政，及得意也殺之。黄龍不反于涸澤，鳳凰不罹于罻羅。鳥獸之子不仁，猶知避之，況君子諱傷其類？於是不渡而還。注依<span class="shuming">家語</span>。欲知同異，故兩出之。【翫一德】翫，貪也。又，翫，弄也，戲也。一人喪德，德物喪志。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1867" id="1877">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">浮陀跋摩</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">佛陀跋摩</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">覺鎧</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三有傳。自幼履操明直，聰悟拔群，博習三藏，尤善<span class="shuming">阿毗曇毗婆沙論</span>。於<span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>年中來<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>。沙門<span class="zhuanming">道泰</span>自<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>附近獲得<span class="shuming">阿毗曇毗婆沙論</span>之<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>本十萬偈，請其譯之。其遂於<span class="zhuanming">承和</span>五年（四三七）奉<span class="zhuanming">北涼</span>主<span class="zhuanming">沮渠牧犍</span>之命，於<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>城内<span class="zhuanming">閑豫宫寺</span>譯之，<span class="zhuanming">道泰</span>筆受，沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧嵩</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道朗</span>與義學僧等三百餘人，考正文義，至<span class="zhuanming">承和</span>七年業畢，凡一百卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1868" id="1878">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛陀耶舍</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">佛馱耶舍</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">覺明</span>」等。<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span><span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>人，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二有傳。其應<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>之請，於<span class="zhuanming">姚秦</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>十年（四○八）至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，協助<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>譯出<span class="shuming">十住經</span>，其後譯出<span class="shuming">四分僧戒本</span>﹑<span class="shuming">四分律</span>，並譯<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>，由<span class="zhuanming">竺佛念</span>傳譯，<span class="zhuanming">道含</span>筆受。後返<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，得<span class="shuming">虚空藏經</span>一卷，託賈客致之<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>諸僧，後不知所終。其所出者凡四部，八十四卷。其人赤髭，又善解<span class="shuming">毗婆沙</span>，故時人稱「赤髭毗婆沙」，又爲<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>之師，故有「大毗婆沙」之稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1869" id="1879">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">卑摩羅叉</span>：意譯「<span class="zhuanming">無垢眼</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>人，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二有傳：「南適<span class="zhuanming">江陵</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">辛寺</span>夏坐，開講<span class="shuming">十誦</span>。既通<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00313','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P313</span></i>言，善相領納，無作妙本，大闡當時。析文求理者，其聚如林。明條知禁者，數亦殷矣。律藏大弘，<span class="zhuanming">叉</span>之力也。……<span class="zhuanming">叉</span>爲人眼青，時人亦號爲『<span class="zhuanming">青眼律師</span>』。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1870" id="1880">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇始</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇始</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">始</span>足白於面，雖跣涉泥水，未嘗沾涅，天下咸稱<span class="zhuanming">白足和上</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1871" id="1881">〔五〕</a>綿纊：絲綿。<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">楊朱</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋國</span>有田夫……不知天下之有廣厦隩室，緜纊狐狢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1872" id="1882">〔六〕</a>宣通：謂廣泛傳播。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷三<span class="shuming">圜道</span>：「令出於主口，官職受而行之，日夜不休，宣通下究，瀸於民心，遂於四方。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「宣，徧布也。」　法教：佛法之教化。<span class="shuming">正法華經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">光瑞品</span>：「在於會中，爲雨法教。」<span class="zhuanming">楊衒之</span><span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記序</span>：「逮<span class="zhuanming">皇魏</span>受圖，光宅<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，篤信彌繁，法教逾盛。」　圓通：指遍滿一切，融通無礙。圓，不偏倚；通，無障礙。<span class="shuming">大佛頂萬行首楞嚴經</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>及諸大衆，蒙佛開示，慧覺圓通，得無疑惑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1873" id="1883">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>（公元三六六—四一六年）：字<span class="zhuanming">子略</span>，<span class="zhuanming">赤亭</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">隴西</span>西）人，<span class="zhuanming">十六國</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>統治者，繼<span class="zhuanming">姚萇</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span>國君。公元三九四—四一六年在位。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1874" id="1884">〔八〕</a>載馳：指車馬疾行。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">鄘風</span><span class="shuming">載馳</span>：「載馳載驅，歸唁<span class="zhuanming">衛侯</span>。」　見處：見地，見解。<span class="zhuanming">許顗</span><span class="shuming">彦周詩話</span>：「僕嘗三復玩味之，知前輩觀書，自有見處。」　敦：底本漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作「教」。此據<span class="shuming">隨函</span>所引補。敦喻：勸勉曉喻。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1875" id="1885">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>既不得用於<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，將西見<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>。至於河而聞<span class="zhuanming">竇鳴犢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜華</span>之死也，臨河而歎曰：『美哉水，洋洋乎！<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之不濟此，命也夫！』<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>趨而進曰：『敢問何謂也？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">竇鳴<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00314','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P314</span></i>犢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>之賢大夫也。<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>未得志之時，須此兩人而後從政；及其已得志，殺之乃從政。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>聞之也，刳胎殺夭則麒麟不至郊，竭澤涸漁則蛟龍不合陰陽，覆巢毁卵則鳳皇不翔。何則？君子諱傷其類也。夫鳥獸之於不義也尚知辟之，而況乎<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>哉！』乃還息乎<span class="zhuanming">陬鄉</span>，作爲<span class="shuming">陬操</span>以哀之。而反乎<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，入主<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>家。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1876" id="1886">〔一○〕</a>蠱：誘惑，蠱惑。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公二十八年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>令尹<span class="zhuanming">子元</span>欲蠱<span class="zhuanming">文夫人</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>當<span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>初，<span class="zhuanming">童壽</span>譯<span class="shuming">三論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">中百</span>﹑<span class="shuming">中觀</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1890" id="1887">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三論】注云<span class="shuming">中百</span>﹑<span class="shuming">中觀</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門</span>者，悮。今注云：<span class="shuming">中觀</span>四卷，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>造，梵志<span class="zhuanming">清目</span>譯，<span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>序，明二十七卷，<span class="shuming">觀</span>亦名<span class="shuming">中觀論</span>。<span class="shuming">百論</span>二卷，<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>造，<span class="zhuanming">僧肇</span>序，凡二十品，品各五偈，故曰<span class="shuming">百論</span>。<span class="shuming">十二門論</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>造，<span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>序。</span> <span>尚空門者輻湊。後譯<span class="shuming">成實</span>，善法相者雲委。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【成實】<span class="shuming">成實論</span>二十卷，<span class="zhuanming">訶梨跋摩</span>造，宗經部師破<span class="zhuanming">薩婆多</span>也。【雲委】積也，隨也。</span> <span>其時以爲究暢名數，靡有過於此論<a class="zhuhao" href="#1891" id="1888">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【究暢】上窮也，深謀也；下音悵，通也，達也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">什</span>首命<span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>講傳，謂之曰：「此争論中，有七處破<span class="shuming">阿毗曇</span>宗，而在言小隱。若能不問而解，可謂英才。」<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>啓發幽微，果不諮<span class="zhuanming">什</span>。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>歎曰：「吾傳譯經論，得與子相值，無所恨矣！」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1892" id="1889">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">叡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏郡</span><span class="zhuanming">長樂</span>人。依<span class="zhuanming">僧賢法師</span>爲弟子，謙虚内敏，佐<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>譯經。善攝威儀，弘贊經法。常迴此業，願生安養。坐不背西，臨終洗浴燒香，向西合掌，嚴然而卒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿毗曇宗】藏有八本<span class="shuming">阿毗曇論</span>，皆薩婆多宗義也。【小隱】義不顯著也。【嚴然】昴顯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1887" id="1890">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">三論</span>：指<span class="shuming">中論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">百論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門論</span>。<span class="shuming">中論</span>，又稱<span class="shuming">中觀論</span>或<span class="shuming">正觀論</span>，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">青目</span>釋，<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00315','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P315</span></i>什</span>譯，四卷，係<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>中觀派對部派小乘佛教及其他學派進行破斥而顯示自宗的論戰性著作。<span class="shuming">百論</span>，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>釋，<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯。<span class="zhuanming">僧肇</span><span class="shuming">百論序</span>説：「<span class="shuming">百論</span>者，蓋是通聖心之津途，開真諦之要論也。……於是外道紛然，異端競起，邪辯逼真，殆亂正道。乃仰慨聖教之陵遲，俯悼群迷之縱惑，將遠拯覺淪，故作斯論。」因爲以<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>本有百偈而得名。<span class="shuming">十二門論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯，分十二門（章）解釋大乘空觀，爲<span class="shuming">中論</span>的綱要書，由二十六首偈頌和釋文組成。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1888" id="1891">〔二〕</a>輻湊：聚集。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">任法</span>：「群臣修通輻湊以事其主，百姓輯睦聽令道法以從其事。」　<span class="shuming">成實論</span>：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">訶梨跋摩</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯。成實即成就四諦之意。爲反對小乘説一切有部「諸法實有」理論，提倡「人法二空」，弘揚苦﹑集﹑滅﹑道四諦之理。　法相：謂諸法真實之相，諸法顯現於外之相狀。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">化城喻品</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>轉法輪，顯示諸法相。」　雲委：如雲之委積。　究暢：充分表達。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷三○下<span class="shuming">郎顗傳</span>：「臣陳引際會，恐犯忌諱，書不盡言，未敢究暢。」　名數：名目之數。如三界﹑四諦﹑六度﹑十二因緣等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1889" id="1892">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">僧叡傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧叡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏郡</span><span class="zhuanming">長樂</span>人也。少樂出家，至年十八，始獲從志。……後出<span class="shuming">成實論</span>，令<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>講之。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>曰：『此諍論中，有七變處文破<span class="shuming">毗曇</span>，而在言小隱。若能不問而解，可謂英才。』至<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>啓發幽微，果不諮<span class="zhuanming">什</span>而契然懸會。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>歎曰：『吾傳譯經論，得與子相值，真無所恨矣。』著<span class="shuming">大智論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">中論</span>等諸序，並著<span class="shuming">大</span><span class="shuming">小品</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">維摩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">思益</span>﹑<span class="shuming">自在王禪經</span>等序，皆傳於世。」</span> </p><p> <span>或謂<span class="zhuanming">什</span>門四聖，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">融</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>上首<a class="zhuhao" href="#1906" id="1893">〔一〕</a>，精難則<span class="zhuanming">觀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>第一。或謂十哲，<span class="zhuanming">道恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道標</span>加焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧肇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道融</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇影</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>，本傳無名。<span class="zhuanming">憑</span>者有<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span><span class="zhuanming">道憑</span>，非<span class="zhuanming">什</span>門下。有<span class="zhuanming">僧䂮</span>者，甚俊，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00316','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P316</span></i>恐是字誤。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【生肇融叡】時人云通性則<span class="zhuanming">生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">融</span>上首，精難則<span class="zhuanming">觀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>第一。【南齊】去<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>已隔八十餘年，注悮。<span class="zhuanming">法欽</span>朝爲聖，暮爲哲也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>降于八人，猶負翼亮之才<a class="zhuhao" href="#1907" id="1894">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道恒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人。九歲出家，爲隱士<span class="zhuanming">張忠</span>嗟曰：「此小兒有出人之相，在俗有輔政之功，在道有光顯之德。」事後母甚孝，博綜經書，佐<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>譯經。<span class="zhuanming">道標</span>亦雅有才力，皆有佐助之功也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【猶負】尚置也。【翼亮】上輔也，敬也；下音諒，明也，導也。【張忠】<span class="zhuanming">中山</span>人，見<span class="shuming">晉隱逸傳</span>。</span> <span>可居王佐<a class="zhuhao" href="#1908" id="1895">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>務其經綸，以金紫巖廊之位强之二賢<a class="zhuhao" href="#1909" id="1896">〔四〕</a>，雖逼霸威而終不爲其臣也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1910" id="1897">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【金紫】衣紫腰金。【巖】峻廊也。</span> <span>是知賢達背向，各有所得。務軒榮者以籍莽食杼爲飛走<a class="zhuhao" href="#1911" id="1898">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">譬之鳥獸不可與同群。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【軒】大夫車。【籍莽】上慈夜切，韻云蘭茅籍地也；下横朗切，草莽也。<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">南昌</span>謂犬逐兔於草中爲莽也。【杼】神予切，橡子也。【鳥獸不可與同群】<span class="shuming">論語</span>注云：隱於山林是同群，此是<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>非<span class="zhuanming">長沮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傑溺</span>之辭。</span> <span>味虚玄者以黼衣食豢爲桎梏<a class="zhuhao" href="#1912" id="1899">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">猶入廟之犧牲。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黼】音甫，白色文也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：斧謂之黼。謂大斧，形因名也。【豢】音患，穀養畜也，豕也。【桎梏】杻械别名，<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>時作。【犧牲】上純色牛也，下羊豕也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吕望</span>求爲人臣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>相。<span class="zhuanming">吕望</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太公</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>臣。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">卞隨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>俱爲讓主。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>禪位而不受者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【卞隨務光】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>序<span class="zhuanming">卞隨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>謀伐<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>事，注在<span class="shuming">譏異説</span>。</span> <span>豈不各反其好惡，異其榮悴哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1913" id="1900">〔八〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【好惡】上愛也，下憎惡也。【榮悴】榮，華也；下憂愁也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>者，尚能以形骸爲逆旅，而豈顧其名器<a class="zhuhao" href="#1914" id="1901">〔九〕</a>？是以接風雲之遇，割君親之愛，泛五湖而不爲難<a class="zhuhao" href="#1915" id="1902">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">范<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00317','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P317</span></i>蠡</span>辭<span class="zhuanming">越王</span><span class="zhuanming">勾踐</span>，乘扁舟泛五湖，王以金鑄招之而不返。</span> <span>蹈滄海而不爲遥，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯連</span>云：「寧蹈滄海死，不事無道主。」</span> <span>彼區區之<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，何所致哉？使<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之際與元愷相齒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八元﹑八愷，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>之賢臣。相齒，齊年也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">殷</span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>之始與<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>齊足，猶慮失之，矧乎此時爵禄，曷云重矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此時謂偏霸僞<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伊尹】下宜吕字。【矧】音哂，況也，辭也。辭如矢曰矧也。【曷】何也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">支林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>致譽望者多嬰此難<a class="zhuhao" href="#1916" id="1903">〔一一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲王臣所逼也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【支林】<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>也。【嬰】遭也。</span> <span>而振去若輕埃，揮絶若腐纆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">腐纆，朽索也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【振】除也，裂也。【揮】奮也，振也。【腐纆】上音武，朽也；下音墨，牽也。</span> <span>不足難也。故<span class="zhuanming">巢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">由</span>可爲皇臣，非帝力所能起也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巢由】<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>不能屈。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔</span>可爲帝臣，非王力所能起之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1917" id="1904">〔一二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">隨函</span>：【夷叔】<span class="zhuanming">周</span>不能屈。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">綺李</span>可爲王臣，非霸力所能起之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1918" id="1905">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">静民則法曰皇，謂<span class="zhuanming">炎</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">昊</span>之主也。德象天地曰帝，謂<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>也。仁義所往曰王，<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>皆曰霸也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綺李】四皓之一也，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>不能屈。季悮。</span> <span>夫居俗外而爲俗内所起，不亦難哉！</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1893" id="1906">〔一〕</a>上首：這裏指位居前列者。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">竺道生傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span>人。……年至具戒，器鑒日深，性度機警，神氣清穆。初入<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，幽棲七年，以求其志。常以入道之要，慧解爲本，故鑽仰群經，斟酌雜論，萬里隨法，不憚疲苦。後與<span class="zhuanming">慧叡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>同遊<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，從<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>受業。<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>僧衆，咸謂神悟。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1894" id="1907">〔二〕</a>翼亮：輔佐。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">高堂隆傳</span>：「可選諸王，使君國典兵，往往棊跱，鎮撫皇畿，翼亮帝室。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00318','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P318</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1895" id="1908">〔三〕</a>王佐：君王的輔佐。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">董仲舒傳贊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">劉向</span>稱『<span class="zhuanming">董仲舒</span>有王佐之材，雖<span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">吕</span>亡以加，<span class="zhuanming">筦</span><span class="zhuanming">晏</span>之屬，伯者之佐，殆不及也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1896" id="1909">〔四〕</a>經綸：指籌畫治理國家大事。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">屯</span>：「雲雷屯，君子以經綸。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「經謂經緯，綸謂綱綸，言君子法此屯象有爲之時，以經綸天下，約束於物。」　金紫：金魚袋和紫衣，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>的官服和佩飾。用以指代高官。<span class="zhuanming">元稹</span><span class="shuming">贈太保嚴公行狀</span>：「仕五十年，一爲尚書，三歷僕射，六兼大夫，五任司空，再踐司徒，三居保傅，階崇金紫，爵極國公。」　巖廊：高峻的廊廡。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">董仲舒傳</span>：「蓋聞<span class="zhuanming">虞舜</span>之時，游於巖郎之上，垂拱無爲，而天下太平。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">晉灼</span>曰：「堂邊廡巖郎，謂巖峻之郎也。」借指朝廷。<span class="zhuanming">桓寬</span><span class="shuming">鹽鐵論</span>卷二<span class="shuming">憂邊</span>：「今九州同域，天下一統，陛下優遊巖廊，覽群臣極言至論。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1897" id="1910">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">道恒傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋道恒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">藍田</span>人。年九歲戲于路，隱士<span class="zhuanming">張忠</span>見而嗟曰：『此小兒有出人之相，在俗必有輔政之功，處道必能光顯佛法。恨吾老矣，不得見之。』<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>少失二親，事後母以孝聞。……學該内外，才思清敏，<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>入關，即往修造，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>大嘉之，及譯出衆經，並助詳定。時<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>有同學<span class="zhuanming">道標</span>，亦雅有才力，當時擅名，與<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>相次。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>主<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>以<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>二人神氣俊朗，有經國之量，乃敕僞尚書令<span class="zhuanming">姚顯</span>，令敦逼<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>罷道，助振王業。又下書<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>等曰：『卿等皎然之操，實在可嘉，但君臨四海，治急須才，今敕尚書令<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>令奪卿等法服，助翼贊時世。苟心存道味，寧繫白黑？望體此懷，不以守節爲辭也。』<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>等答曰：『奉去月二十日詔，令奪<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>等法服，承命悲懷，五情失守。<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>等才質闇短，染法未深，緇服之下，誓畢身命，並習佛法，不閑世事，徒廢非常之業，終無殊異之功。昔<span class="zhuanming">光武</span>尚能縱<span class="zhuanming">嚴陵</span>之心，<span class="zhuanming">魏文</span>容<span class="zhuanming">管寧</span>之操，抑至尊之高心，遂匹夫之微志，況陛下以道御物，兼弘三寶！願<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00319','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P319</span></i>鑒元元之情，垂曠通物之理也。』<span class="zhuanming">興</span>又致書於<span class="zhuanming">什</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">䂮</span>二法師曰：『别已數旬，每有傾想，漸暖比休泰耳。小虜遠舉，更無處分，正有憒然耳。頃萬事之慇，須才以理之。近詔<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>二人，令釋羅漢之服，尋大士之蹤，然道無不在，願法師等勗以喻之。』<span class="zhuanming">什</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">䂮</span>等答曰：『蓋聞<span class="zhuanming">太上</span>以道養民，而物自是其復有德而治天下，是以古之明主審違性之難御，悟任物之多因，故<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>放<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>於<span class="zhuanming">箕山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文</span>軾<span class="zhuanming">干木</span>於<span class="zhuanming">魏國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>縱<span class="zhuanming">四皓</span>於<span class="zhuanming">終南</span>，<span class="zhuanming">叔度</span>辭蒲輪於<span class="zhuanming">漢岳</span>，蓋以適賢之性爲得賢也。今<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">標</span>等德非圓達，分在守節，少習玄化，伏膺佛道。至於敷折妙典，研究幽微，足以啓悟童稚，助化功德。願陛下施既往之恩，縱其微志也。』<span class="zhuanming">興</span>後頻復下書，闔境救之，殆而得勉。<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>乃歎曰：『古人有言：益我貨者損我神，生我名者殺我身。』於是竄影巖壑，畢命幽藪，蔬食味禪，緬跡人外。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1898" id="1911">〔六〕</a>飛走：飛禽走獸。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷三八<span class="shuming">法雄傳</span>：「古者至化之世，猛獸不擾，皆由恩信寬澤，仁及飛走。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1899" id="1912">〔七〕</a>黼衣：繡有黑白斧形的禮服。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">哀公</span>：「黼衣﹑黻裳者不茹葷，非口不能味也，服使然也。」<span class="zhuanming">楊倞</span>注：「黼衣﹑黻裳，祭服也。白與黑爲黼。」　豢：以穀類飼養的家畜。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「民食芻豢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1900" id="1913">〔八〕</a>榮悴：榮枯。<span class="zhuanming">陶潛</span><span class="shuming">形贈影</span>：「草木得常理，霜露榮悴之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1901" id="1914">〔九〕</a>逆旅：旅居，謂暂時託身。<span class="zhuanming">陶淵明</span><span class="shuming">自祭文</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陶子</span>將辭逆旅之館，永歸於本宅。」　名器：名號與車服儀制，用以區别尊卑貴賤。語本<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公二年</span>：「唯器與名，不可以假人，君之所司也。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「器，車服；名，爵號。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1902" id="1915">〔一○〕</a>風雲：比喻遇合﹑相從。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「雲從龍，風從虎，聖人作而萬物覩。」　君親：君王和父母。舊<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00320','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P320</span></i>題<span class="zhuanming">李陵</span><span class="shuming">答蘇武書</span>：「違棄君親之恩，長爲蠻夷之域，傷已。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1903" id="1916">〔一一〕</a>譽望：名譽聲望。<span class="zhuanming">任昉</span><span class="shuming">王文憲集序</span>：「自<span class="zhuanming">營郃</span>分司，<span class="zhuanming">盧欽</span>兼掌，譽望所歸，允集兹日。」<span class="shuming">宋史</span><span class="shuming">王禹偁傳</span>：「以愚觀之，不若不爲相之善也，相則譽望損矣。」　嬰：遭遇。<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">後漢紀</span>：「今我元元，嬰此饑饉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1904" id="1917">〔一二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔</span>：<span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>。事見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伯夷列傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1905" id="1918">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">綺李</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">漢初</span>隱士<span class="zhuanming">綺里季</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">商山四皓</span>之一。見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">留侯世家</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>嘗述<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>頓悟義<a class="zhuhao" href="#1923" id="1919">〔一〕</a>，群僧構難。帝以麈尾扣机曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#1924" id="1920">〔二〕</a>：「若使逝者可興，豈爲諸公所屈？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span>人，幼而穎悟，聰哲若神。鑽仰群經，斟酌雜論，止<span class="zhuanming">青園寺</span>。初見<span class="shuming">泥洹經</span>，乃説頓悟成佛義，籠罩舊説。時以爲邪説，被遷擯於<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>。及後分經至，果稱闡提悉有佛性<a class="zhuhao" href="#1925" id="1921">〔三〕</a>，乃升座，論義數番。麈尾紛然而墜，隱几乃卒。言忍死以待經也，故<span class="zhuanming">宋文</span>重舉之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【扣机】音口，繫也；下平﹑上二音，木名，似榆，宜此几字，案也。【隱】偎隱之皃。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>著<span class="shuming">離識論</span>，帝令<span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>辯同異，往復終日，帝笑曰：「公等今日無媿<span class="zhuanming">支</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許</span>之譚也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1926" id="1922">〔四〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譚】或云談字，言論也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1919" id="1923">〔一〕</a>頓悟義：謂不假時間和階次，直接悟入真理。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷九七<span class="shuming">夷蠻傳</span><span class="shuming">天竺迦黎國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>世名僧有<span class="zhuanming">道生</span>。<span class="zhuanming">道生</span>，<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>人也，父爲<span class="zhuanming">廣戚</span>令。<span class="zhuanming">生</span>出家爲沙門<span class="zhuanming">法大</span>弟子。幼而聰悟，年十五，便能講經。及長，有異解，立頓悟義，時人推服之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1920" id="1924">〔二〕</a>机：几案，小桌子。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">涣</span>：「奔其机。」<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>注：「机，承物者也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00321','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P321</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1921" id="1925">〔三〕</a>闡提：即一闡提，佛經中指斷絶一切善根之人。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷一九：「一闡提者，不信因果，無有慚愧，不信業報，不見現在及未來世，不親善友，不隨諸佛所説教戒，如是之人，名一闡提，諸佛世尊所不能治。」　佛性：覺悟成佛之性。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷二七：「一切衆生悉有佛性，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>常住無有變異。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1922" id="1926">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>（公元三六三—四四三年）：<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>（今屬<span class="zhuanming">安徽</span>）人，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">范</span>。深究佛理，甚爲<span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span><span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>所重。<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>在位時，亦常以佛法請示之。曾撰<span class="shuming">無生滅論</span>及<span class="shuming">老子略注</span>，又與<span class="zhuanming">謝靈運</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>等合譯南本<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>。參<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧嚴傳</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">支</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許</span>：高僧<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>﹑高士<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>。兩人皆善談佛經與玄理。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">文學</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">支道林</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許掾</span>諸人共在<span class="zhuanming">會稽王</span>齋頭，<span class="zhuanming">支</span>爲法師，<span class="zhuanming">許</span>爲都講，<span class="zhuanming">支</span>通一義，四坐莫不厭心；<span class="zhuanming">許</span>送一難，衆人莫不抃舞，但共嗟詠二家之美，不辯其理之所在。」　譚：同「談」。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>才章茂逸，得<span class="zhuanming">僧會</span>之風。<span class="zhuanming">僧肇</span>筆削奇邁<a class="zhuhao" href="#1935" id="1927">〔一〕</a>，又得<span class="zhuanming">支林</span>之風。<span class="zhuanming">安</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>之徒，各擅其美。自後緇列，寡有紹其音徽者<a class="zhuhao" href="#1936" id="1928">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【茂逸】盛俊也。【筆】<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">蒙恬</span>所造也。【奇邁】俊遠也。【擅】獨也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>之後，世尚紆麗，詞虧體要<a class="zhuhao" href="#1937" id="1929">〔三〕</a>，致使求其雅言立意，曾不及於<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>之閒箴論<a class="zhuhao" href="#1938" id="1930">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若<span class="zhuanming">揚子雲</span>之<span class="shuming">續虞箴</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虧】缺也。【雅】正也。【箴論】箴，規戒也，刺也；下去聲。</span> <span>而況於聖人經籍乎？故懸象嶽瀆，不以妍華爲天地之文章，以其能綱紀覆載爲文章<a class="zhuhao" href="#1939" id="1931">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">懸象經天也，嶽瀆緯地也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懸象】天以日月爲綱，地以四海爲紀。九土星分，萬國錯峙，斯乃天地之文章。意云若<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>在，天未喪其墳典，<span class="shuming">丘索</span>之書記。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>殁而微言絶，是天喪斯<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00322','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P322</span></i>文久矣。後人尚紆麗，又無勝德，不能紹雅言體要之典者也。【嶽】五嶽也。王者巡狩所至之山，望秩柴祭也。</span> <span>人文安不然乎？嘗讀<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>之<span class="shuming">盤銘</span>，曰：「苟日新，日日新，又日新。」<span class="shuming">孔丘誄</span>曰：「旻天不憖遺耆老<a class="zhuhao" href="#1940" id="1932">〔六〕</a>，莫相予<a class="zhuhao" href="#1941" id="1933">〔七〕</a>位焉。嗚呼哀哉。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>卒，<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>誄之曰：「旻天不弔，不憖遺一老，俾屏余一人以在位。煢煢余在疚，嗚呼哀哉。<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>，無自律。」文在<span class="shuming">左傳</span>三十，與今小異。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殷之盤銘】上是湯字，言湯者，沐浴之盤而刻銘爲誡。必於沐浴洗面之者，戒之甚也。苟日新者，非唯沐浴自新，苟誠心也，誠使道德日益新也；日日新者，非唯一日之新，當使日日新益也。銘，音名。又日新者，又須恒常日新者也。【旻天】仁覆愍下曰旻。又，秋曰旻天也。【憖】魚近切，且也。<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span><span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>十六年夏四月己丑日<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>卒，公誄曰：旻天不吊，不憖遺一老，俾屏余一人以在位。意云天胡不且與我<span class="zhuanming">尼</span>，使屏蔽我以在君位也。煢煢子疚在，嗚呼哀哉，<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>，無自律。言喪<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>，無以自爲法也。【遺】留也，貽也。【耆】音祈，長也，長也至死境也。【予】我也。【卒】終也。【之曰】有作目字者，悮。【餘一人】<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>，非<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>。則<span class="shuming">左傳</span>。【煢】獨也，音瓊。【疚】音救，病也。【與今小異】<span class="shuming">録</span>依<span class="shuming">禮記</span>，注引<span class="shuming">左傳</span>，<span class="shuming">綜名理</span>中自叙。</span> <span>斯文也天之將喪久矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#1942" id="1934">〔八〕</a>，不有盛德大業，其孰能興之者焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以天縱多能，故哀誄之。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1927" id="1935">〔一〕</a>筆削：指著述。筆，書寫記録；削，删改時用刀削刮簡牘。<span class="zhuanming">梁元帝</span><span class="shuming">金樓子序</span>：「夕望湯池，觀仰月之勢，朝瞻美氣，眺非煙之色，替於筆削。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1928" id="1936">〔二〕</a>音徽：美音，即好名聲。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五八<span class="zhuanming">王儉</span><span class="shuming">褚淵碑文</span>：「風儀與秋月齊明，音徽與春雲等潤。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「音徽，即徽音也。」<span class="zhuanming">張銑</span>注：「徽，美也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00323','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P323</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1929" id="1937">〔三〕</a>紆麗：靡麗。　體要：切實而簡要。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">畢命</span>：「政貴有恒，辭尚體要。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「爲政貴在有常，言辭尚其體實要約。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1930" id="1938">〔四〕</a>雅言：指雅正的語言。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">蜀書</span><span class="shuming">諸葛亮傳</span>：「陛下亦宜自謀，以諮諏善道，察納雅言。」　立意：確立的作品主題。<span class="zhuanming">杜甫</span><span class="shuming">奉和嚴中丞西城晚眺十韻</span>：「政簡移風速，詩清立意新。」　箴：一種以規戒爲主的文體。<span class="zhuanming">陸機</span><span class="shuming">文賦</span>：「箴頓挫而清壯。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1931" id="1939">〔五〕</a>懸象：天象，多指日月星辰。　嶽瀆：五嶽和四瀆。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五八<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">陳太丘碑文</span>：「徵士<span class="zhuanming">陳君</span>，禀嶽瀆之精，苞靈曜之純。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="shuming">孝經援神契</span>：「五嶽之精雄聖，四瀆之精仁明。」　妍華：華麗。<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">盧士深</span>妻<span class="zhuanming">崔氏</span><span class="shuming">靧面辭</span>：「取白雪，取紅花，與兒洗面作妍華。」　綱紀：經緯，治理。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">棫樸</span>：「勉勉我王，綱紀四方。」　覆載：指天地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1932" id="1940">〔六〕</a>憖：願意。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">楚語上</span>：「吾憖寘之於耳。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「憖，猶願也。」　耆老：老年人。按：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公十六年</span>：「夏四月己丑，<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>卒。公誄之曰：『旻天不弔，不憖遺一老。俾屏余一人以在位，煢煢余在疚。嗚呼哀哉。<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>，無自律。』」<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>引文，當據<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>誄<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>曰：『天不遺耆老，莫相予位焉。嗚呼哀哉，<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1933" id="1941">〔七〕</a>予：原誤作「子」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1934" id="1942">〔八〕</a>斯文：指禮樂教化﹑典章制度。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「天之將喪斯文也，後死者不得與於斯文也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">肇</span>著<span class="shuming">般若無知論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僧肇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人。家貧，傭書爲業。因得歷觀經史，善<span class="zhuanming">莊</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>。後見古<span class="shuming">維摩經</span>云，方知所歸矣。<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>至，從之翻譯，著<span class="shuming">不遷</span>等四論。<span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十年卒於<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，年三十一。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【傭】音容，賃也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">劉<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00324','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P324</span></i>遺民</span>見而歎曰：「不意方袍復有<span class="zhuanming">平叔</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1944" id="1943">〔一〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【平叔】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">何晏</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">平叔</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1943" id="1944">〔一〕</a>方袍：袈裟。借指僧人。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">釋僧肇傳</span>：『<span class="zhuanming">釋僧肇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人。……學善方等，兼通三藏，及在冠年而名振<span class="zhuanming">關</span><span class="zhuanming">輔</span>。時競譽之徒，莫不猜其早達，或千里趍負，入<span class="zhuanming">關</span>抗辯。<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>既才思幽玄，又善談説，承機挫鋭，曾不流滯。時<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>宿儒及<span class="zhuanming">關</span>外英彦，莫不挹其鋒辯，負氣摧衄。後<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>至<span class="zhuanming">姑臧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>自遠從之，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>嗟賞無極。及<span class="zhuanming">什</span>適<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>亦隨返，<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>命<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>與<span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>等入<span class="zhuanming">逍遥園</span>助詳定經論。<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>以去聖久遠，文義多雜，先舊所解，時有乖謬，及見<span class="zhuanming">什</span>諮禀，所悟更多。因出<span class="shuming">大品</span>之後，<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>便著<span class="shuming">波若無知論</span>凡二千餘言，竟以呈<span class="zhuanming">什</span>。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>讀之稱善，乃謂<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>曰：吾解不謝子，辭當相挹。時<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>隱士<span class="zhuanming">劉遺民</span>見<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>此論乃歎曰：『不意方袍復有<span class="zhuanming">平叔</span>。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">融</span>講新<span class="shuming">法華經</span>，開爲九轍，號「九轍法師」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1954" id="1945">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>曰：「佛法之興，<span class="zhuanming">融</span>其人也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道融</span>，<span class="zhuanming">汲郡</span><span class="zhuanming">林慮</span>人。師愛其聰明，先令外學。令往林中借<span class="shuming">論語</span>，竟不賫歸，於彼已誦。師更以本覆之，不遺一字。至立年，才解冠絶。聞<span class="zhuanming">什</span>至，往諮禀，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>見而奇之。卒於<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>，年七十四矣。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">什</span>譯<span class="shuming">中論</span>，始二卷，<span class="zhuanming">融</span>更剖扸，預貫始終。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【預貫】預，先也；貫，事也，穿也。</span> <span>時<span class="zhuanming">師子國</span>有一婆羅門，乘駝負書而來，請求捔試優劣，優則行之<a class="zhuhao" href="#1955" id="1946">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捔】音捔，掎捔也。掎，居綺切，牽一脚也，偏引也。取喻可知。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人覩其口眼便辟，將改吾觀<a class="zhuhao" href="#1956" id="1947">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有迴敬之心也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【便辟】<span class="shuming">語</span>云：友便辟。<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>云：巧便人之所忌，以容媚。又，不正也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">什</span>告<span class="zhuanming">融</span>曰：「此外道聰慧殊人，捔言必勝。豈可使無上大道，在吾徒爲彼而屈？如吾所觀，在君一人而已。」<span class="zhuanming">融</span>自顧才力可濟，</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00325','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P325</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu">濟，成也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濟】定也，止也。</span> <span>但患外道書籍未盡披讀，乃密寫其目，一覽而誦。既刻日，爰整其徒，對敭于王庭<a class="zhuhao" href="#1957" id="1948">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爰】乃也，引也。【敭】音陽，明也。</span> <span>彼外道恃其博知，倍意攻<span class="zhuanming">融</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【倍】加也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">融</span>出其所知，討其所不知。彼遽保其强誦<a class="zhuhao" href="#1958" id="1949">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遽保】急守也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">融</span>列其所誦，並諸夏群書編目，尤廣其所誦。梵志蹇而肆<a class="zhuhao" href="#1959" id="1950">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">肆，放也。蹇，吃。情放也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【編】次也。【肆】極也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>濟詞而嘲之，彼殞越而亡也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1960" id="1951">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">濟，益也。亡<a class="zhuhao" href="#1961" id="1952">〔八〕</a>，逃也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殞越】上殁也，殺。又上舉如言難也；下墜也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">符</span>師征<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，大事將去。<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>知<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>而舉之，爰致大勳，天下服其遠鑒<a class="zhuhao" href="#1962" id="1953">〔九〕</a>。而<span class="zhuanming">什</span>之知<span class="zhuanming">融</span>，何莫<span class="zhuanming">安</span>之儔歟？故質斯興廢，同在一舉耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">質，形對也。以<span class="zhuanming">什</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">融</span>，可對<span class="zhuanming">安</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儔】似也。【質】主也，信也，正也。【一舉者】<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>而大敗<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>舉<span class="zhuanming">融</span>外道屈也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">融</span>性不狎喧，常登樓披翫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1945" id="1954">〔一〕</a>九轍：九種軌轍，即分判<span class="shuming">法華經</span>爲九科。依次爲：一﹑昏聖相扣轍，即<span class="shuming">序品</span>。二﹑涉教歸真轍，即<span class="shuming">方便品</span>，係爲上根人所設。三﹑興類潛彰轍，即<span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>，係爲中根人所設。四﹑述窮通昔轍，即<span class="shuming">信解品</span>，係四大弟子所領解者。五﹑彰因進悟轍，即<span class="shuming">化城</span>﹑<span class="shuming">授記</span>諸品，係爲下根者所設。六﹑讚揚行李轍，即<span class="shuming">法師品</span>，叙述五種法師功德及弘經方法。七﹑本跡無生轍，即<span class="shuming">多寶品</span>，叙述多寶不滅，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>不生，本跡雖殊，同爲不可思議。八﹑舉因徵果轍，即<span class="shuming">湧出</span>﹑<span class="shuming">壽量</span>諸品，叙述<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>舉因徵果，而佛舉壽量因果之所由。九﹑稱揚遠濟轍，即<span class="shuming">隨喜功德品</span>以下。參見<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>述<span class="shuming">法華文句記</span>卷八之四<span class="shuming">釋提婆達多品</span>。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00326','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P326</span></i>其中第一轍是序分，第二至第八是正宗分，第九轍是全經的流通分。<span class="zhuanming">吉藏</span>撰<span class="shuming">法華玄論</span>卷一：「及<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>翻新<span class="shuming">法華</span>竟，<span class="zhuanming">道融</span>講之，開爲九轍，時人呼爲『九轍法師』。九轍之文，今所未見。講<span class="shuming">新法花</span>，始乎<span class="zhuanming">融</span>也。」按：開<span class="shuming">法華</span>爲九轍者，或謂<span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>。如<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>述<span class="shuming">法華文句記</span>卷八之四<span class="shuming">釋見寶塔品</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>開九轍者，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>譯纔畢，<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>便講之，開爲九轍，時人呼爲九轍法師。」然此書他處亦有謂<span class="zhuanming">道融</span>者。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">道融傳</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">什</span>又命<span class="zhuanming">融</span>，令講<span class="shuming">新法華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>自聽之，乃歎曰：『佛法之興，<span class="zhuanming">融</span>其人也。』」<span class="shuming">僧叡傳</span>中，未見其有講<span class="shuming">新法華</span>之記載。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1946" id="1955">〔二〕</a>婆羅門：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>四種姓之一。居於種姓之首，世代以祭祀﹑誦經﹑傳教爲專業，享有種種特權。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「若夫族姓殊者，有四流焉：一曰婆羅門，浄行也，守道居貞，潔白其操。」　捔：競力。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1947" id="1956">〔三〕</a>便辟：諂媚逢迎。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，損矣。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「便辟，巧辟人之所忌以求容媚者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1948" id="1957">〔四〕</a>刻日：約定日期。　對敭：面君奏對。「敭」同「揚」。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷八四<span class="shuming">儒林傳序</span>：「州舉茂異，郡貢孝廉，對揚王庭，每年逾衆。」<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷一七二<span class="shuming">陳宣帝太建八年</span>：「平生言論，無所不道，今者對揚，何得乃爾反覆？」<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注：「對揚，本於<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">召虎</span>。對，答也；揚，稱也。後人遂以面對敷奏爲對揚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1949" id="1958">〔五〕</a>遽：遂，于是。　保：依賴。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公二十三年</span>：「保君父之命而享其生禄，於是乎得人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1950" id="1959">〔六〕</a>梵志：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語意譯。古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>一切外道出家者的通稱。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五六：「梵志者，是一切出家外道。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00327','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P327</span></i>若有承用其法者，亦名梵志。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1951" id="1960">〔七〕</a>殞越：墜落，毁敗。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷二<span class="shuming">周語中</span>：「昔先王之教，懋帥其德也，猶恐殞越。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「猶恐落墜也。」這裏指慘敗。　按：以上<span class="zhuanming">道融</span>事，俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">道融傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1952" id="1961">〔八〕</a>亡：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「云」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1953" id="1962">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄</span>：<span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>。<span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>（公元三四三—三八八年），字<span class="zhuanming">幼度</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">陽夏</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">太康縣</span>）人。宰相<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>之侄，自幼聰慧過人，深爲<span class="zhuanming">謝安</span>所器重。　遠鑒：遠大的眼光。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>初爲<span class="zhuanming">僧賢</span>弟子，<span class="zhuanming">賢</span>友<span class="zhuanming">僧朗</span>講<span class="shuming">放光經</span>，亟遭<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>譏難。<span class="zhuanming">朗</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">賢</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>比格難，吾累思不能通，可謂<span class="zhuanming">賢</span>賢弟子也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亟】去吏切，數也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">叡</span><span class="zhuanming">魏郡</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>主問<span class="zhuanming">姚嵩</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">叡公</span>何如？」曰：「<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span><span class="zhuanming">衛</span>之松柏。」<span class="zhuanming">興</span>召見，大賞悦，敕給俸吏力車轝<a class="zhuhao" href="#1967" id="1963">〔一〕</a>。後謂<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span>曰：「此乃四海之標領，何獨<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span><span class="zhuanming">衛</span>之松柏乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#1968" id="1964">〔二〕</a>？」<span class="zhuanming">叡</span>平生素不背西<a class="zhuhao" href="#1969" id="1965">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">願生西方也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鄴衛】上<span class="zhuanming">相州</span>也；下州<span class="zhuanming">汲郡</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">曇影</span>初從<span class="zhuanming">什</span>，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">姚主</span>曰：「昨見<span class="zhuanming">影公</span>，亦是此國風流標望之僧也<a class="zhuhao" href="#1970" id="1966">〔四〕</a>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1963" id="1967">〔一〕</a>俸：俸禄。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span><span class="shuming">僧叡傳</span>作「俸恤」。俸恤，亦作「俸卹」。官吏既給俸，又别給恤親之禄，稱爲「俸恤」。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷六八<span class="shuming">甄琛傳</span>：「請取武官中八品將軍已下幹用貞濟者，以本官俸恤，領里尉之任。」　吏力：指胥吏和僕役。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷五七<span class="shuming">蔡興宗傳</span>：「事平，封<span class="zhuanming">興宗</span><span class="zhuanming">始昌縣伯</span>，食邑五百户，固讓不許，封<span class="zhuanming">樂安縣伯</span>，邑三百户，國秩吏力，終以不受。」　車輿：車輛，車轎。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">禁藏</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00328','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P328</span></i>「故聖人之制事也，能節宫室，適車輿以實藏，則國必富，位必尊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1964" id="1968">〔二〕</a>標領：猶楷模，表率。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1965" id="1969">〔三〕</a>按：此段<span class="zhuanming">僧叡</span>事，見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">僧叡傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1966" id="1970">〔四〕</a>風流：傑出不凡。<span class="zhuanming">蘇軾</span><span class="shuming">與江惇禮秀才書</span>之一：「僕雖晚生，猶及見君之王父也。追思一時風流賢達，豈可復夢見哉！」　標望：謂聲望很高。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">德行</span>「<span class="zhuanming">王恭</span>從<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>還」，<span class="zhuanming">劉孝標</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">周祗</span><span class="shuming">隆安記</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">恭</span>）祖父<span class="zhuanming">濛</span>，司徒左長史，風流標望。」　<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">釋曇影</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇影</span>，或云北人，不知何許郡縣。……後入<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>，<span class="zhuanming">姚興</span>大加禮接。及<span class="zhuanming">什</span>至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">影</span>往從之，<span class="zhuanming">什</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">興</span>曰：『昨見<span class="zhuanming">影公</span>，亦是此國風流標望之僧也。』<span class="zhuanming">興</span>敕住<span class="zhuanming">逍遥園</span>，助<span class="zhuanming">什</span>譯經。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">僧導</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">京兆</span>人，十歲出家。後著<span class="shuming">成實論疏</span>。起<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span><span class="zhuanming">光山寺</span>。</span> <span>止<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1981" id="1971">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>詔于<span class="zhuanming">京</span>，鑾輿降蹕。<span class="zhuanming">導</span>以<span class="zhuanming">孝建</span>之初，三綱更始<a class="zhuhao" href="#1982" id="1972">〔二〕</a>，悲不自勝，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>三十年，太子<span class="zhuanming">劭</span>弑<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>自立。三月爲<span class="zhuanming">武陵王</span><span class="zhuanming">駿</span>與諸王殺之，即帝位，改元<span class="zhuanming">建武</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">孝武皇帝</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鑾輿】口衘金鈴謂之下車鑾也；輿，服也。【降蹕】上音絳，下臨也。以尊就卑曰臨；下音必。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>曰：出稱警，入言蹕<a class="zhuhao" href="#1983" id="1973">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>曰：驚者，戒肅也；蹕，清道止行人也。【三綱】綱，紀也。君臣﹑父子﹑夫婦也。【勝】任也。【劭】<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>太子，初名<span class="zhuanming">卲</span>，召刀也。帝惡之，改名<span class="zhuanming">劭</span>。諸本皆劭字者，悮。【弑】大逆也，害君父也。</span> <span>帝亦哽噎。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【哽噎】<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「中心如噎」，憂戚之皃。</span> <span>敕開講，帝及公卿會焉。<span class="zhuanming">導</span>曰：「昔王宫託生，<span class="zhuanming">雙林</span>見滅。自爾已來，歲逾千載。淳源永謝，澆風不追<a class="zhuhao" href="#1984" id="1974">〔四〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">給苑</span>丘墟，<span class="zhuanming">鹿園</span>蕪穢<a class="zhuhao" href="#1985" id="1975">〔五〕</a>。九十五種<a class="zhuhao" href="#1986" id="1976">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">外道之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00329','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P329</span></i>類，或云九十六。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【丘】空也，大也，陵也。【追】復也。【墟】丘於切，大丘也。</span> <span>以趣下爲升高，三界群生，以火宅爲浄土<a class="zhuhao" href="#1987" id="1977">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>云：「三界無安，猶如火宅。」</span> <span>豈知上聖流涕，大士悽惶者哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#1988" id="1978">〔八〕</a>？」因則涕泗，四衆爲之改容<a class="zhuhao" href="#1989" id="1979">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">導</span>卒<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span><span class="zhuanming">石磵寺</span>，年九十六也。</span> <span>時<span class="zhuanming">石磵寺</span><span class="zhuanming">僧因</span>，亦當世名匠，或問之與<span class="zhuanming">導</span>孰愈，<span class="zhuanming">因</span>曰：「吾與<span class="zhuanming">導</span>同師<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>。方孔門，則<span class="zhuanming">導</span>入室，吾升堂矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1990" id="1980">〔一○〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1971" id="1981">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1972" id="1982">〔二〕</a>三綱：謂君爲臣綱﹑父爲子綱﹑夫爲妻綱。<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">白虎通</span><span class="shuming">三綱六紀</span>：「三綱者，何謂也？君臣﹑父子﹑夫婦也。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「然後聖人作，爲父子君臣，以爲紀綱。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="shuming">禮緯</span><span class="shuming">含文嘉</span>云：三綱謂君爲臣綱，父爲子綱，夫爲妻綱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1973" id="1983">〔三〕</a>按：出<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷四七<span class="shuming">文三王傳</span>。入言蹕：原誤作「人稱降」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1974" id="1984">〔四〕</a>淳源：質樸風俗的源流。　澆風：輕薄的社會風氣。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五九<span class="zhuanming">王巾</span><span class="shuming">頭陁寺碑文</span>：「淳源上派，澆風下黷。」<span class="zhuanming">吕延濟</span>注：「淳和之源，自上流派，而澆薄之風，垢濁於下。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1975" id="1985">〔五〕</a>丘墟：廢墟，荒地。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷五<span class="shuming">八觀</span>：「衆散而不收，則國爲丘墟。」形容荒涼殘破。<span class="zhuanming">桓寬</span><span class="shuming">鹽鐵論</span>卷六<span class="shuming">散不足</span>：「田野不辟，而飾亭落；邑居丘墟，而高其郭。」　蕪穢：荒蕪。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">離騷</span>：「雖萎絶其亦何傷兮，哀衆芳之蕪穢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1976" id="1986">〔六〕</a>九十五種：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>出世前後出現於<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>的九十五種外道，或作九十六種。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00330','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P330</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1977" id="1987">〔七〕</a>趣：謂衆生因善惡行爲不同而死後趨向不同的地方轉生。<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷八：「趣，謂所往。」　三界：指衆生輪迴的<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>和<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>。　火宅：比喻人間世。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>：「三界無安，猶如火宅，衆苦充滿，甚可怖畏。」火宅的具體描寫，亦出此。文长不録。　浄土：佛教的天上極樂世界。<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一九：「言浄土者，經中或時名佛刹，或稱佛界，或云佛國，或云佛土，或復説爲浄刹﹑浄界﹑浄國﹑浄土。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1978" id="1988">〔八〕</a>大士：菩薩。　悽惶：悲傷不安。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1979" id="1989">〔九〕</a>四衆：指比丘﹑比丘尼﹑優婆塞﹑優婆夷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1980" id="1990">〔一○〕</a>按：以上<span class="zhuanming">僧導</span>事，俱見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">僧</span><span class="zhuanming">導</span><span class="shuming">傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">道猷</span>述頓悟義，<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>孤情絶照，<span class="zhuanming">猷公</span>直轡獨上，可謂克明師匠，無忝微旨。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1992" id="1991">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">道猷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>弟子。師亡後見<span class="shuming">勝鬘經</span>，披卷歎曰：「先師昔義，與此經闇合。」因注之五卷。後<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>詔講頓悟義，競辯之徒，聞奏互起，猶皆破之，帝乃撫几稱快。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忝】辱也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1991" id="1992">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">道猷</span>：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七有傳。　克明：能明。　師匠：指老師的教導。　微旨：精深微妙的意旨。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">道猷傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋道猷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人。初爲<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>弟子，隨師之<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>。師亡後，隱<span class="zhuanming">臨川郡</span>山。……<span class="zhuanming">宋文</span>問<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>：『頓悟之義，誰復習之？』答云：『<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">道猷</span>。』即敕<span class="zhuanming">臨川郡</span>發遣出京。既至，即延入宫内，大集義僧，令<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>申述頓悟。時競辯之徒，關責互起，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>既積思參玄，又宗源有本，乘機挫鋭，往必摧鋒，帝乃撫机稱快。及<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>升位，尤相歎重，乃敕住<span class="zhuanming">新安</span>，爲鎮寺法主。帝每稱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00331','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P331</span></i>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>孤情絶照，<span class="zhuanming">猷公</span>直轡獨上，可謂克明師匠，無忝徽音。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧持</span>，兄弟也。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">法愛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法瑗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">持</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">愛</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">芮國</span>師，俸三千户。<span class="zhuanming">瑗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>使述<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>頓悟義，<span class="zhuanming">何尚之</span>聞乃歎曰：「常謂<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>殁後，微言永絶。今日復聞象外之談，可謂天之未喪斯文也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#1994" id="1993">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【芮】而鋭切。【瑗】爲眷切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1993" id="1994">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">法瑗傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法瑗</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">辛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">隴西</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">辛毗</span>之後。長兄<span class="zhuanming">源明</span>，仕僞<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>爲大尚書。第二兄<span class="zhuanming">法愛</span>，亦爲沙門，解經論，兼數術，爲<span class="zhuanming">芮芮國師</span>，俸以三千户。<span class="zhuanming">瑗</span>幼而闊達，倜儻殊群。路見貧寒，輒脱衣爲惠。……後<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>訪覓述<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>頓悟義者，乃敕下都，使頓悟之旨，重申<span class="zhuanming">宋代</span>。<span class="zhuanming">何尚之</span>聞而歎曰：『常謂<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>殁後，微言永絶，今日復聞象外之談，可謂天未喪斯文也。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧遠</span>隱<span class="zhuanming">上定林寺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊太祖</span>鑾駕詣<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>門狹不容輿。蓋<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>欲見<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>稱老，足不垂牀，<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>遣問興卧，轉蹕而去<a class="zhuhao" href="#1998" id="1995">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">文慧太子</span><span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蕭子良</span>也。</span> <span>崇爲師範，<span class="zhuanming">何默</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#1999" id="1996">〔二〕</a>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周顒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴苞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張融</span>，禀戒受道焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2000" id="1997">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【齊太祖】<span class="zhuanming">南齊高帝</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭道成</span>。【何默】<span class="zhuanming">何尚之</span>孫，默字悮。【周顒】<span class="zhuanming">文惠太子</span>侍直。【吴苞】見<span class="shuming">南史隱傳</span>。【張融】<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>司徒左<span class="zhuanming">張史</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1995" id="1998">〔一〕</a>興卧：起卧。借指日常生活。<span class="shuming">顔氏家訓</span><span class="shuming">養生</span>：「慎節起卧，均適寒暄。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1996" id="1999">〔二〕</a>何默：當爲「何點」之形誤。參下引<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>文及<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1997" id="2000">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">僧遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧遠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">皇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">勃海</span><span class="zhuanming">重合</span>人。……帝雖頗信法，而久自驕縱，故奏上之日，詔即可焉。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>時歎曰：『我剃頭沙門，本出家求道，何關於帝王？』即日謝病，仍隱迹<span class="zhuanming">上定林山</span>。……<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00332','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P332</span></i><span class="zhuanming">宋明</span>踐祚，請<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>爲師，竟不能致。其後山居逸跡之賓，傲世陵雲之士，莫不崇踵山門，展敬禪室。<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><span class="zhuanming">何點</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">汝南</span><span class="zhuanming">周顒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊郡</span><span class="zhuanming">明僧紹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">濮陽</span><span class="zhuanming">吴苞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">吴國</span><span class="zhuanming">張融</span>，皆投身接足，諮其戒範。後<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">建平王</span><span class="zhuanming">景素</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">栖玄寺</span>是先王經始，既等是人外，欲請<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>居之。慇懃再三，遂不下山。<span class="zhuanming">齊太祖</span>將升位，入山尋<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>固辭老疾，足不垂床。<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>躬自降禮，諮訪委悉。及登禪，復鑾駕臨幸，將詣<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>房。房閣狹小，不容輿蓋。<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>欲見<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>持操不動。<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>遣問卧起，然後轉蹕而去。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>曾不屑焉。至于寢疾，<span class="zhuanming">文惠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>伏膺師禮，數往參候。時貴卿士，往還不絶。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔沙門稱貧道於帝王，<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span><span class="zhuanming">法獻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">玄暢</span>，俱爲僧正<a class="zhuhao" href="#2003" id="2001">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法獻】<span class="zhuanming">西海</span><span class="zhuanming">延興</span>正爲<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>僧正。【玄暢】<span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>門人。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>與語，皆名，不坐。後<span class="zhuanming">僧鍾</span>稱貧道，帝嫌之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僧鍾】<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>京師<span class="zhuanming">中興寺</span>僧。</span> <span>問<span class="zhuanming">王儉</span>曰：「先輩沙門於帝王何所稱？正殿坐不？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王儉】<span class="zhuanming">丹陽</span>尹，左僕射。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">儉</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>佛法未興，不記傳。自僞國稱貧道，亦預坐，及<span class="zhuanming">晉初</span>亦然。中世有<span class="zhuanming">庾冰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>等，皆欲使沙門盡敬，朝議紛紜，事皆休寢。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之中朝，亦頗令致禮，而尋見不行。自邇迄今，多預坐，稱貧道。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【預】安也。【庾冰】水字悮。</span> <span>帝曰：「<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>二僧道業如此，尚自稱名，況復餘者？揖拜太甚，稱名亦無嫌。」自後稱名，<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2004" id="2002">〔二〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2001" id="2003">〔一〕</a>僧正：僧官名。<span class="shuming">大宋僧史略</span>卷中<span class="shuming">立僧正</span>：「所言僧正者何？正，政也。自正正人，克敷政令，故云也。蓋以比丘無法，如馬無轡勒﹑牛無貫繩，漸染俗風，將乖雅則，故設有德望者，以法而繩之，令歸<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00333','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P333</span></i>于正，故曰僧正也。此僞<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">僧䂮</span>爲始也（或曰<span class="zhuanming">道䂮</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span>遷都，蔑聞此職。至<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>世乃立沙門都，又以尼<span class="zhuanming">寶賢</span>爲僧正。<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>皆崇重之。次有號法主者，如<span class="zhuanming">釋道猷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>之弟子也。<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>問<span class="zhuanming">慧觀</span>曰：『頓悟義誰習之？』答曰<span class="zhuanming">道猷</span>，遂召入。至<span class="zhuanming">孝武</span>即位，敕住<span class="zhuanming">新安寺</span>，爲鎮寺法主。又敕<span class="zhuanming">法瑗</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">湘宫寺</span>法主，詳其各寺同名，疑非統正之任。又<span class="zhuanming">昇明</span>中，以<span class="zhuanming">法持</span>爲僧正。<span class="zhuanming">大明</span>中，以<span class="zhuanming">道温</span>爲都邑僧正。<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>中，敕<span class="zhuanming">長干寺</span><span class="zhuanming">玄暢</span>同<span class="zhuanming">法獻</span>爲僧主，分任南北兩岸。<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>後被敕往<span class="zhuanming">三吴</span>，使紏繩二衆。<span class="zhuanming">齊末</span>以<span class="zhuanming">法悦</span>爲僧主，住<span class="zhuanming">正覺寺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">梁祖</span>歸心佛教，深入玄樞，慎選德人，以充僧首，則<span class="zhuanming">法超</span>爲都邑僧正。<span class="zhuanming">普通</span>六年，敕<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>爲大僧正，吏力備足，又<span class="zhuanming">慧令</span>亦充此職焉（大字異耳）。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2002" id="2004">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">法獻傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法獻</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">徐</span>，<span class="zhuanming">西海</span><span class="zhuanming">延水</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>以<span class="zhuanming">永明</span>之中，被敕與<span class="zhuanming">長干</span><span class="zhuanming">玄暢</span>同爲僧主，分任南北兩岸。<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>本<span class="zhuanming">秦州</span>人，亦律禁清白，<span class="zhuanming">文惠太子</span>奉爲戒師。<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>後被敕<span class="zhuanming">三吴</span>使，妙簡二衆。<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>亦東行，重申受戒之法。時<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>與<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>二僧，皆少習律檢，不競當世。與<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>共語，每稱名而不坐。後<span class="zhuanming">中興</span><span class="zhuanming">僧鍾</span>於<span class="zhuanming">乾和殿</span>見帝。帝問<span class="zhuanming">鍾</span>如宜，<span class="zhuanming">鍾</span>答：『貧道比苦氣。』帝嫌之。乃問尚書<span class="zhuanming">王儉</span>：『先輩沙門與帝王共語，何所稱？正殿坐不？』<span class="zhuanming">儉</span>答：『<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>佛法未興，不見其記傳。自僞國稍盛，皆稱貧道，亦預坐，及<span class="zhuanming">晉初</span>亦然。中代有<span class="zhuanming">庾冰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓玄</span>等，皆欲使沙門盡敬，朝議紛紜，事皆休寢。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之中朝，亦頗令致禮，而尋竟不行。自爾迄今，多預坐而稱貧道。』帝曰：『<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>二僧道業如此，尚自稱名。況復餘者？挹拜則太甚，稱名亦無嫌。』自爾沙門皆稱名於帝王，自<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>始也。<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>以<span class="zhuanming">建武</span>初亡，春秋七十有五。<span class="zhuanming">獻</span>以建武末年卒，與<span class="zhuanming">暢</span>同窆于<span class="zhuanming">鍾山</span>之陽。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">寶亮</span>性率直，每對<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>稱貧道。上雖有閒，然而挹其神志<a class="zhuhao" href="#2007" id="2005">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>人，初<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00334','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P334</span></i>至京，<span class="zhuanming">袁璨</span>異之。曰：「珠生<span class="zhuanming">合浦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>人取以照乘。璧在<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人請以華國。天下之寶，當與天下共之，非復上人貴州所宜專也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2008" id="2006">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【率】循也。【梁寶亮】<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>僧，<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>時至<span class="zhuanming">建鄴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span><span class="zhuanming">子良</span>請開講，云初至京者是。【袁璨】<span class="zhuanming">宋武帝</span>侍中，此文尚不足，補之。<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>本東來人，十二，禮<span class="zhuanming">青州</span><span class="zhuanming">道明法師</span>爲師，後遊學至<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>都。<span class="zhuanming">袁璨</span>異之，乃寄書與<span class="zhuanming">道明</span>。【合浦】<span class="zhuanming">南海</span><span class="zhuanming">合浦郡</span>，近<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>，多出珠。【邯鄲】上音寒，下音單。昔<span class="zhuanming">趙國</span>也，今屬<span class="zhuanming">趙州</span>，縣名。邯字從甘不從耳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2005" id="2007">〔一〕</a>有間：有嫌隙。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十三年</span>：「諸侯有間矣，不可以不示衆。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「間，隙也。」　挹：挹慕，羡慕。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">寶亮傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>任率性直，每言輒稱貧道。上雖意有間然，而挹其神出。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2006" id="2008">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">寶亮傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">亮</span>年十二出家，師<span class="zhuanming">青州</span><span class="zhuanming">道明法師</span>。……年二十一至京師，居<span class="zhuanming">中興寺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">袁粲</span>一見而異之，<span class="zhuanming">粲</span>後與<span class="zhuanming">明</span>書曰：『頻見<span class="zhuanming">亮公</span>，非常人也。比日聞所未聞，不覺歲之將暮。珠生<span class="zhuanming">合浦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>人取以照車。璧在<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>請以華國。天下之寶，當與天下共之，非復上人之貴州所宜專也。』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>，七歲出家，居<span class="zhuanming">虎丘</span>。或問曰：「沙彌何姓，家在何處？」對曰：「貧道姓<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>，家于此山。」<span class="zhuanming">張融</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝朓</span>少相厚善。<span class="zhuanming">陸倕</span>嘗與賓從造<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>，<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>稱疾不見。<span class="zhuanming">倕</span>欣然曰：「法師不趨於世，此誠弟子所望也。」<span class="zhuanming">蕭昂</span>出守<span class="zhuanming">吴興</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">吴興郡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>置也，古<span class="zhuanming">防風氏</span>之國。至<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>廢郡，改爲<span class="zhuanming">湖州</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">烏程縣</span>也。</span> <span>將謁<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謝朓】下音糶。字<span class="zhuanming">玄暉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>尚書吏部郎中。【陸倕】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>太子中庶子。倕，音垂。【賓從】上音殯，相也；下隨行也。導前曰儐，隨後曰從。【蕭昂】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>宗，卒於<span class="zhuanming">晉安</span>太守。【謁】請見也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">旻</span>曰：「吾山藪病人，無事見貴二千石。昔<span class="zhuanming">戴顒</span>居北嶺，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">江夏王</span>入<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00335','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P335</span></i>山，<span class="zhuanming">顒</span>高卧牖下，不與相見。吾雖德薄，請附<span class="zhuanming">戴公</span>之事矣。」及<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>至，後户而遁<a class="zhuhao" href="#2011" id="2009">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戴<a class="zhuhao" href="#2012" id="2010">〔二〕</a>顒】<span class="zhuanming">譙郡</span>人，爲<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>隱士。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2009" id="2011">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">僧旻傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧旻</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>，家于<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span>之<span class="zhuanming">富春</span>，<span class="zhuanming">有吴</span>開國大皇帝其先也。幼孤養，能言而樂道，七歲出家，住<span class="zhuanming">虎丘</span><span class="zhuanming">西山寺</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">僧回</span>弟子。……<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>吏部郎<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span><span class="zhuanming">張辯</span>謂之曰：『沙彌何姓，家在何處？』<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>曰：『貧道姓<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>，家於此山。』<span class="zhuanming">辯</span>甚異之。……少與<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人<span class="zhuanming">張融</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝朓</span>友善，天下才學通人，莫不致禮。……唯<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span><span class="zhuanming">陸倕</span>博學自居，名位通顯，早崇禮敬，<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>亦密相器重。時爲太子中庶，儐從到房，<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>稱疾不見。<span class="zhuanming">倕</span>欣然曰：『此誠弟子所望也。』人皆推<span class="zhuanming">倕</span>之愛名德也，彌重<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>之不趣於世……時<span class="zhuanming">蕭昂</span>出守<span class="zhuanming">吴興</span>，欲過山展禮。山主<span class="zhuanming">智遷</span>先知以告<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>，<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>曰：『吾山藪病人，無事見貴二千石。昔<span class="zhuanming">戴顒</span>隱居北嶺，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">江夏王</span>入山詣之，高卧牖下，不與相見。吾雖德薄，請附<span class="zhuanming">戴公</span>之事矣。』及<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>至，<span class="zhuanming">旻</span>從後門而遁。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2010" id="2012">〔二〕</a>戴：原誤作「載」。</span> </p><p> <span>夫擯世者，禄干之不及。尚利者，干禄之不及<a class="zhuhao" href="#2016" id="2013">〔一〕</a>。既得禄，狎侮爲志，於其賢，雖始降禮<a class="zhuhao" href="#2017" id="2014">〔二〕</a>，若欣遇而無恒其心，卒能以權勢而卑之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既有禄相及，則親狎而侮慢，雖有賢者而能下禮相接，然見遇之道，其心不恒，則恃其權勢而以踞慠終之也，則今貴門皆然也。</span> <span>然能病其終卑，而兆其始遇，則高見之昭昭，不貽己慼矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2018" id="2015">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">顧其始而知其終，則免其自貽伊慼也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【兆】吉凶前相。【自貽伊慼】貽，遺也，伊也，慼惟憂也。<span class="zhuanming">趙宣子</span>曰：自貽伊慼也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00336','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P336</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2013" id="2016">〔一〕</a>擯：擯棄，抛棄。　干：追求，求取。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>學干禄。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2014" id="2017">〔二〕</a>狎侮：輕慢侮弄。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">旅獒</span>：「德盛不狎侮。狎侮君子，罔以盡人心；狎侮小人，罔以盡其力。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「盛德必自敬，何狎易侮慢之有？」　降禮：本指跪拜之禮。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷八八<span class="shuming">孝友傳</span><span class="shuming">顔含</span>：「於時論者以<span class="zhuanming">王導</span>帝之師傅，名位隆重，百僚宜爲降禮。」<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷九六<span class="shuming">晉成帝咸康四年</span>引此文，<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注曰：「降禮，謂拜之。」這裏是表示極爲尊崇﹑恭敬。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2015" id="2018">〔三〕</a>兆：預示，預兆。　昭昭：明白，顯著。<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「俗人昭昭，我獨昏昏。」　慼：憂愁，悲傷。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">小明</span>：「心之憂矣，自詒伊戚。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>事師，以孝敬聞。師疾絶食，<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>亦絶食。師進飲，<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>乃飲。但性傷乎訐直<a class="zhuhao" href="#2022" id="2019">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">訐，舉人私也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【智藏】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>僧，師<span class="zhuanming">僧祐律師</span>。【訐】居謁切，攻人之私也。</span> <span>而以譽行爲干櫓<a class="zhuhao" href="#2023" id="2020">〔二〕</a>，故不至於危殆也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【干櫓】上盾也；下音魯，大戟也。又望樓也。【殆】危也。</span> <span>嘗捨財大懺，<span class="zhuanming">謝幾卿</span>指挂衣竹戲之曰：「猶留此物，尚有意耶？」<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>曰：「身猶未滅，意何由可盡？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2024" id="2021">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謝幾卿】<span class="zhuanming">謝靈運</span>曾孫也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2019" id="2022">〔一〕</a>訐直：指剛直敢言。語出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「惡訐以爲直者。」<span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>之剛直敢言，參見下引<span class="shuming">智藏傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2020" id="2023">〔二〕</a>干櫓：小盾大盾，泛指武器。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">儒行</span>：「儒有忠信以爲甲胄，禮義以爲干櫓；戴仁而行，抱義而處。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「干櫓，小楯﹑大楯也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2021" id="2024">〔三〕</a>懺：「懺摩」的略稱，意譯「悔」，合稱「懺悔」。佛教規定，出家人每半年集合舉行誦戒，給犯戒者以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00337','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P337</span></i>説過悔改的機會。後遂成爲自陳己過，悔罪祈福的一種宗教形式。　<span class="zhuanming">謝幾卿</span>：<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">陽夏</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">靈運</span>曾孫。<span class="zhuanming">幾卿</span>幼清辯，當世號曰神童。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">智藏傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋智藏</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">顧氏</span>，本名<span class="zhuanming">浄藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>少傅<span class="zhuanming">曜</span>之八世也。……事師<span class="zhuanming">上定林寺</span><span class="zhuanming">僧遠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天安寺</span><span class="zhuanming">弘宗</span>。……<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>禀依訓範，敬義弘隆。嘗遇師疾甚，不食多日。<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>亦從之。待師進飲，<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>還進飲。乃至平復，方從師好。……主者以負扆南面，域中一人，議以御坐之法，唯天子所升，沙門一不霑預。<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>聞之勃然厲色，即入金門，上正殿，踞法座，抗聲曰：『貧道昔爲<span class="zhuanming">吴中</span><span class="zhuanming">顧郎</span>，尚不慚御榻，況復迺祖<span class="zhuanming">定光金輪</span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子也！檀越若殺貧道，即殺，不慮無受生之處。若付在尚方，獄中不妨行道。』即拂衣而起。帝遂罷敕，任從前法。斯跨略天子，高岸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門，皆此類也。……<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>末年春，捨身大懺，招集道俗，並自講<span class="shuming">金剛般若</span>以爲極悔，惟留衣鉢，餘者傾盡，一無遺餘。<span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">謝幾卿</span>指掛衣竹戲曰：『猶留此物，尚有意耶？』<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>曰：『身猶未滅，意何由盡？』」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">道安</span>之門人<span class="zhuanming">法遇</span>，領徒四百。時有一僧飲酒，廢夕燒香，<span class="zhuanming">遇</span>罰而不遣。<span class="zhuanming">安</span>聞之，以筒緘杖寄<span class="zhuanming">遇</span>。<span class="zhuanming">遇</span>曰：「此由飲酒者也。我訓不勤，遠貽憂賜。」乃集衆，命維那行杖至三<a class="zhuhao" href="#2026" id="2025">〔一〕</a>，因泣下自咎。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【筒緘】上音同，竹緘也；下古咸切，封也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2025" id="2026">〔一〕</a>維那：音譯「羯磨陀那」，意譯「授事」，佛寺中總管僧衆事務的僧職。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷四：「授事者，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云『羯磨陀那』。『陀那』是『授』，『羯磨』是『事』，意道以衆雜事指授於人。舊云『維那』者，非也。『維』是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>語，意道綱維。『那』是<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音，略去『羯磨陀』字。」<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法遇傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00338','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P338</span></i>遇</span>，不知何人。弱年好學，篤志墳素。而任性誇誕，謂傍若無人。後與<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>相值，忽然信伏，遂投簪許道，事<span class="zhuanming">安</span>爲師。……講説衆經，受業者四百餘人。時一僧飲酒，廢夕燒香，<span class="zhuanming">遇</span>止罰而不遣。<span class="zhuanming">安公</span>遥聞之，以竹筒盛一荆子，手自緘封，題以寄<span class="zhuanming">遇</span>。<span class="zhuanming">遇</span>開封見杖，即曰：『此由飲酒僧也。我訓領不勤，遠貽憂賜。』即命維那鳴槌集衆，以杖筒置香橙上。行香畢，<span class="zhuanming">遇</span>乃起，出衆前向筒致敬。於是伏地，命維那行杖三下，内杖筒中，垂淚自責。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">道辯</span>門人<span class="zhuanming">亡名</span>，負才慠世，<span class="zhuanming">辯</span>撻而徙<span class="zhuanming">黄龍</span>，其初無恨想，晨夕向<span class="zhuanming">辯</span>遥禮<a class="zhuhao" href="#2028" id="2027">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魏道辯】<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>時高僧。【亡名】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">道辯</span>有二弟子，一名<span class="zhuanming">曇永</span>，二<span class="zhuanming">亡名</span>。其<span class="zhuanming">永</span>負才傲俗，<span class="zhuanming">辯</span>杖之而徙<span class="zhuanming">黄龍</span>。<span class="shuming">録</span>悮。【黄龍】<span class="zhuanming">室韋</span>之地，今<span class="zhuanming">黄龍府</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2027" id="2028">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">道辯傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋道辯</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">田氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">范陽</span>人。有别記云：『著納擎錫，入於母胎，因而生焉。』天性疏朗，才術高世。雖曰耳聾，及對<span class="zhuanming">孝文</span>，不爽帝旨，由是榮觀顯美，遠近欽兹。剖定邪正，開釋封滯，是所長也。……有弟子<span class="zhuanming">曇永</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">亡名</span>二人。……<span class="zhuanming">名</span>文筆雄健，負才傲俗。<span class="zhuanming">辯</span>杖之而徙於<span class="zhuanming">黄龍</span>，初無恨想，而晨夕遥禮云。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">智正</span>之門人<span class="zhuanming">智見</span>，師所著述，必侍立而書。累載，初不貽坐，或久而仆。<span class="zhuanming">正</span>責曰：「翹足七日匪勞，今爾心輕，何不然也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2031" id="2029">〔一〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>因地<a class="zhuhao" href="#2032" id="2030">〔二〕</a>，七日翹一足，讚<span class="zhuanming">底沙如來</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【唐智正】<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>時，與<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>齊舉。【智見】峴字悮。【貽】賜也。【仆】音赴，傾倒皃。又，僵也。【翹】渠遥切，舉也，懸也，危也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00339','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P339</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2029" id="2031">〔一〕</a>翹足：状盼望仰慕之切。<span class="zhuanming">陳琳</span><span class="shuming">檄吴將校部曲文</span>：「是以立功之士，莫不翹足引領，望風響應。」<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一四<span class="shuming">智正傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋智正</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">白氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">安喜</span>人也。………（弟子<span class="zhuanming">智現</span>）少出家，咨承法教。<span class="zhuanming">正</span>之箴誡，略無乖緒，致所著諸疏，並<span class="zhuanming">現</span>筆受。故<span class="zhuanming">正</span>之製作也，端坐思微，<span class="zhuanming">現</span>執紙筆，承顔立侍。隨出隨書，終於畢部。乃經累載，初不賜坐也，或足疼心悶，不覺倒仆。<span class="zhuanming">正</span>呵責曰：『昔人翹足七日，尚有傳揚。今爾纔立顛墜，心輕致也。其翹仰之極，復何得而加焉？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2030" id="2032">〔二〕</a>因地：指成佛之前過去多生修道之位。<span class="shuming">大佛頂萬行首楞嚴經</span>卷五：「我本因地，以念佛心，入無生忍。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">北遠</span>之門<span class="zhuanming">智微</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2035" id="2033">〔一〕</a>，每講析幽微，皆云：「大法師意如此。」因則聲淚俱發<a class="zhuhao" href="#2036" id="2034">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">賈</span>，<span class="zhuanming">雁門</span>人，謂之<span class="zhuanming">南遠</span>。<span class="zhuanming">澤州</span><span class="zhuanming">硤石寺</span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人，著<span class="shuming">涅槃經疏</span>者，謂之<span class="zhuanming">北遠</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【智微】<span class="zhuanming">高平</span>人，十三，禮<span class="zhuanming">北遠</span>爲師。徽悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2033" id="2035">〔一〕</a>微：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>作「徽」。據<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>，此書亦有本作「徽」者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2034" id="2036">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">北遠</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>。姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳。按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷三○<span class="shuming">釋智徽</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋智徽</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">焦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">澤州</span><span class="zhuanming">高平</span>人也。年十三，志樂出家，不希世累，住本州<span class="zhuanming">清化寺</span>。……自<span class="zhuanming">徽</span>之在<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>門也，敬法尊人，誠孝第一。每登法席，講析幽通，皆云：『大法師意如此。』因即聲淚俱下。常謂諸徒曰：『父母生吾肉身，法師生吾法身。思報此恩，何由可逮？惟有弘教利物，薄展余懷耳。』所以每歲常講，不敢告勞，以惟斯故也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「凡學之道，嚴師爲難。師嚴然後道尊，道尊然後民知敬學。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2050" id="2037">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00340','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P340</span></i>【禮云】<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記篇</span>也。</span> <span>然良家子在家，家有訓從師，師有教，故能克意盡所敬而行敬，盡所信而行信<a class="zhuhao" href="#2051" id="2038">〔二〕</a>。是以<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>皆命族姓子而勉之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2052" id="2039">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不皃﹑卑賤，律禁出家。</span> <span>非繩樞甕牖者之能也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2053" id="2040">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貧家以繩繫樞，以甕作牖也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【甕牖】上甖也。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云蓽門圭竇。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">陳涉</span>乃甕牖繩樞之子也。</span> <span>哀今弟子罕有不聞言於師範者，彼以禮疏而來，此以恩薄而往。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">弟子既於師疏，師遂顧之恩薄，故不住而去也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【師範】師謂授業得戒者，範謂依止授法者。</span> <span>然牽牛蹊田而奪之牛<a class="zhuhao" href="#2054" id="2041">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>有牽牛以蹊田爲過也，而奪之牛，罪之太甚矣。今喻師之恩薄，己非而便捨之不事，若奪牛之甚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蹊】音奚，徑路也。牽牛蹊田，師於資疎而已，上資勝師也。奪之牛資以薄往，本輕末重也。故訓罰之者，不至師勝資也。</span> <span>本輕而末重也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">師之恩薄本輕，而不敬爲末重。</span> <span>如尊，雖義不至。卑則欲據其事歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父縱不父，子不可不子也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「父母愛之，喜而不忘。父母惡之，懼而無怨。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2055" id="2042">〔六〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲人子者，不患無所立而患不孝。敬恭父命，何常之有？</span> <span>夫能移此於其師者，豈使過及其身乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">移事父不忘不怨之道而事於師，則固無其過矣。</span> <span>故有假師而爲名，侮師之涼德<a class="zhuhao" href="#2056" id="2043">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">涼，薄也。假，借也。以其師之德薄，殊無敬順之儀，但假借師名而已。</span> <span>將升堂則筋骨揵解，俾侍坐則手足窳憜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2057" id="2044">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">窳，苽在穴也，卧而不起，懶人慵憜，如苽在穴，卧而不起也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揵解】上音蹇，難也，舉也；下佳買切，脱也，散（也）。身體脱散。揵解，取不敬者也。【窳】音愈，病也。【憜】懶也，不敬也。</span> <span>斯或尾大而難掉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">左傳</span>：「尾大不掉。」今或弟子勝師，故相輕慠也。</span> <span>故訓罰之不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00341','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P341</span></i>至<a class="zhuhao" href="#2058" id="2045">〔九〕</a>。或螟蛉之有似物類之相召<a class="zhuhao" href="#2059" id="2046">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">螟蛉者，蜂取蟲而呪之「似我﹑似我」，不日而蟲化爲蜂也。今弟子乃他人所生，取以教之，令作其資。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【螟蛉】桑虫也。【召】感也。</span> <span>其威尚不謹其容，而德豈能服其心歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">官有威刑事公，尚不懼其容，今師以德，如何能伏其心也。</span> <span>今澆季之風<a class="zhuhao" href="#2060" id="2047">〔一一〕</a>，師求弟子，匪弟子求師。師以此始，弟子以此終。嗟乎，何日不由之矣！夫<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>先師以<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>僕，<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>御，<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>糴，<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>爨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2061" id="2048">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">冉求</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子有</span>。<span class="zhuanming">樊須</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子遲</span>。<span class="zhuanming">端木賜</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>。<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子淵</span>。昔夫子在<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，則<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>糴<span class="zhuanming">回</span>爨也。</span> <span>其何至於此哉？彼德厚可慕而弟子實慕德故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2062" id="2049">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【澆季】上薄也，下末也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2037" id="2050">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記</span>：「凡學之道，嚴師爲難。師嚴然後道尊，道尊然後民知敬學。是故君之所不臣於其臣者二：當其爲尸則弗臣也，當其爲師則弗臣也。大學之禮，雖詔於天子，無北面，所以尊師也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2038" id="2051">〔二〕</a>良家子：指出身良家的子女。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">李將軍列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孝文帝</span>十四年，<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>大入<span class="zhuanming">蕭關</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>以良家子從軍擊<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">司馬貞</span><span class="shuming">索隱</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">如淳</span>云『非醫﹑巫﹑商賈﹑百工也』。」　訓從：謂跟從指引。<span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>卷三九<span class="zhuanming">張敞</span><span class="shuming">東宫舊事</span>：「正會儀，太子著遠遊冠，絳紗襮，登輿。至<span class="zhuanming">承華門</span>，設位，拜二傅。二傅交禮畢，不復登車，太傅訓道在前，少傅訓從在後。太子入<span class="zhuanming">崇賢門</span>，樂作。太子登殿，西向坐。」　克意：刻意，專心。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2039" id="2052">〔三〕</a>命族：謂名門望族。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷七<span class="zhuanming">潘安仁</span><span class="shuming">籍田賦</span>：「自上下下，具惟命臣。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span><span class="shuming">儀禮注</span>：「命者，加爵服之名。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00342','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P342</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2040" id="2053">〔四〕</a>繩樞：以繩繫户樞。樞爲門户的轉軸。　甕牖：以破甕爲窗。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">儒行</span>：「篳門圭窬，蓬户甕牖。」<span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「以甕爲牖。」<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span><span class="shuming">新書</span>卷一<span class="shuming">過秦上</span>：「然<span class="zhuanming">陳涉</span>，甕牖繩樞之子，氓隸之人，而遷徙之徒也。」繩樞甕牖，形容住房條件十分簡陋，多指貧窮人家。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2041" id="2054">〔五〕</a>蹊：踐踏。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十一年</span>：「牽牛以蹊人之田而奪之牛，牽牛以蹊者，信有罪矣；而奪之牛，罰已重矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2042" id="2055">〔六〕</a>出<span class="shuming">大戴禮記</span><span class="shuming">曾子大孝</span>：「父母愛之，喜而不忘；父母惡之，懼而無怨；父母有過，諫而不逆；父母既殁，以哀，祀之加之；如此，謂禮終矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2043" id="2056">〔七〕</a>涼德：薄德。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公三十二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">虢</span>多涼德，其何土之能得！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2044" id="2057">〔八〕</a>升堂：比喻學問技藝已經入門。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也升堂矣，未入於室也。』」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「升堂入室，喻入道之次第。」　侍坐：在尊長近旁陪坐。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「侍坐於所尊，敬毋餘席。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「謂先生坐一席，己坐一席，己必坐於近尊者之端，勿得使近尊者之端更有空餘之席。」　窳惰：懶惰。<span class="shuming">商君書</span>卷一<span class="shuming">墾令</span>：「農無得糶，則窳惰之農勉疾。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2045" id="2058">〔九〕</a>訓罰：訓責懲處。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一○五<span class="shuming">石勒載記下</span>：「自今諸有處法，悉依科令。吾所忿戮，怒發申旨者，若德位已高，不宜訓罰，或服勤死事之孤，邂逅罹譴，門下皆各列奏之，吾當思擇而行也。」　<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十一年</span>：「末大必折，尾大不掉，君所知也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2046" id="2059">〔一○〕</a>螟蛉：螟蛾的幼蟲。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">小宛</span>：「螟蛉有子，蜾蠃負之。」<span class="zhuanming">黄遵憲</span><span class="shuming">番客篇</span>：「螟蛉不撫子，犬羊且無鞹。」蜾蠃常捕螟蛉喂它的幼蟲，古人誤認爲蜾蠃養螟蛉爲己子。<span class="zhuanming">王楙</span><span class="shuming">野客叢書</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">螟蛉</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00343','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P343</span></i>「今呼非所生之子爲螟蛉。觀<span class="shuming">南史</span><span class="zhuanming">宋明帝</span>負螟之慶，言<span class="zhuanming">廢帝</span>非所生也。<span class="shuming">北史</span>胡叟養子字螟蛉。又觀<span class="zhuanming">董仲舒</span>斷甲無子，養非所生，引<span class="shuming">詩</span>『螟蛉有子，蜾蠃負之』之義，知此説尚矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2047" id="2060">〔一一〕</a>澆季：道德輕薄的末世。<span class="zhuanming">劉駿</span><span class="shuming">通下情詔</span>：「世弊教淺，歲月澆季。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2048" id="2061">〔一二〕</a>僕：駕車。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「子適<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>僕。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孟懿子</span>問孝。子曰：『無違。』<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>御，子告之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>問孝於我，我對曰：「無違。」』<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>曰：『何謂也？』子曰：『生，事之以禮；死，葬之以禮，祭之以禮。』」　爨：燒火做飯。<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">在厄</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>厄于<span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>，從者七日不食。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>以所齎之貨，竊犯圍而出，糴於野人，得米一石焉。<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲由</span>炊之於壞屋之下。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2049" id="2062">〔一三〕</a>德厚：猶仁厚。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「廣其節奏，省其文采，以繩德厚。」<span class="zhuanming">王引之</span><span class="shuming">經義述聞</span><span class="shuming">禮記中</span>：「德厚，猶言仁厚。德厚二字平列。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">惠布</span>，三果至人也，妙窮三論，時號「<span class="zhuanming">得意布</span>」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2068" id="2063">〔一〕</a>。見樂生浄土者，告云：「方土乃浄，非吾願也。如何在蓮華中十劫受樂，未若三塗救苦者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2069" id="2064">〔二〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">生西方，下品中生，在花中六劫。下品下生，在蓮華中十二劫，開花方得見佛。不如三塗，救苦衆生，此乃悲增菩薩也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惠布】<span class="zhuanming">陳朝</span>高僧。</span> <span>凡法集，先衆往而默，彼譁者憚若銜枚，德之至也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2070" id="2065">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">升堂先往，後生懼之而默静也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譁】音華，喧也。【憚】畏也。【銜枚】上户監切，下音梅。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>有<span class="zhuanming">銜枚氏</span>。</span> <span>卒後手屈三指，地動七日，史奏：「得道人星滅矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2071" id="2066">〔四〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧布</span>誓生三塗，救苦衆生。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三指】三果也，裨補也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>有願生三惡道，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">僧景</span>亦如之，唯聖人與聖人而能至<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00344','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P344</span></i>於此也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2072" id="2067">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僧景】未詳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2063" id="2068">〔一〕</a>三果：聲聞乘的果位名，音譯「阿那含」，意譯「不還」，意即修到此果位者，便不再來人間受生死了。　三論：<span class="shuming">中論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">百論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門論</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2064" id="2069">〔二〕</a>三塗：佛教謂六道輪迴中作惡業者受生的地獄﹑餓鬼﹑畜生等三惡道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2065" id="2070">〔三〕</a>法集：佛教徒講解佛法的集會。<span class="shuming">梁書</span><span class="shuming">昭明太子統傳</span>：「太子亦崇信三寶，遍覽衆經。乃於宫内别立<span class="zhuanming">慧義殿</span>，專爲法集之所。招引名僧，談論不絶。」　枚：行軍時士卒口銜以防喧嘩的器具，形如筷子。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">夏官</span><span class="shuming">大司馬</span>：「群司馬振鐸，車徒皆作，遂鼓行，徒銜枚而進。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「枚如箸，銜之，有繣結項中，軍法止語爲相疑惑也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2066" id="2071">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">慧布傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧布</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">郝氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">廣陵</span>人也。……承<span class="zhuanming">攝山</span><span class="zhuanming">止觀寺</span><span class="zhuanming">僧詮法師</span>，大乘海嶽，聲譽遠聞。乃往從之，聽聞三論。學徒數百，翹楚一期。至於洞達清玄，妙知論旨者，皆無與尚，時號之爲『<span class="zhuanming">得意布</span>』，或云『<span class="zhuanming">思玄布</span>』也。……或見諸人樂生西方者，告云：『方土乃浄，非吾願也。如今所願，化度衆生。如何在蓮花中十劫受樂，未若三途處苦救濟也。』……終後手屈三指，捋之，雖伸還屈。乃至林中，一月猶爾。未終前大地連動，七日便卒。移尸就林，山地又動。太史奏云：『得道人星滅矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2067" id="2072">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>（公元四○二—四四四年）：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一有傳。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">玄高傳</span>：「有沙門<span class="zhuanming">法達</span>，爲僞國僧正，欽<span class="zhuanming">高</span>日久，未獲受業。忽聞怛化，因而哭曰：『聖人去世，當復何依？』累日不食，常呼：『<span class="zhuanming">高</span>上聖人自在，何能不一現？』應聲見<span class="zhuanming">高</span>飛空而至。<span class="zhuanming">達</span>頂禮求哀，願見救護，<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：『君業重難救，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00345','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P345</span></i>當可如何？自今以後，依方等苦悔，當得輕受。』<span class="zhuanming">達</span>曰：『脱得苦報，願見矜救。』<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：『不忘一切，寧獨在君？』<span class="zhuanming">達</span>又曰：『法師與<span class="zhuanming">崇公</span>並生何處？』<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：『吾願生惡世，救護衆生，即已還生<span class="zhuanming">閻浮</span>。<span class="zhuanming">崇公</span>常祈安養，已果心矣。』<span class="zhuanming">達</span>又問：『不審法師已階何地？』<span class="zhuanming">高</span>曰：『我諸弟子，自有知者。』言訖，奄然不見。<span class="zhuanming">達</span>密訪<span class="zhuanming">高</span>諸弟子，咸云：『是得忍菩薩。』」　<span class="zhuanming">僧景</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">法懔傳</span>有附傳。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span><span class="zhuanming">慧思</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2088" id="2073">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span>，南岳也。在<span class="zhuanming">湖南</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">岳州</span>也。</span> <span>證法華三昧<a class="zhuhao" href="#2089" id="2074">〔二〕</a>，能知前生事。頂有肉髻，知達人心。毒不能害，怨不能動。初<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>悦其風而造焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2090" id="2075">〔三〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">思</span>曰：「昔<span class="zhuanming">靈山</span>同聽<span class="shuming">法華</span>，宿緣所追，今復來矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【智顗】<span class="zhuanming">智者大師</span>。覬字悮也。</span> <span>遂示<span class="zhuanming">普賢</span>道場，四安樂行<a class="zhuhao" href="#2091" id="2076">〔四〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>行道經，三七夕誦，至<span class="shuming">藥王品</span>「心緣苦行，至是真精進」句，見與<span class="zhuanming">慧思</span>同在<span class="zhuanming">靈山</span>聽佛説法。<span class="zhuanming">思</span>云：「此之靈相<a class="zhuhao" href="#2092" id="2077">〔五〕</a>，非爾不感，非我莫識。此法華三昧前方便也。」<span class="zhuanming">思</span>以三觀義傳<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>以四教義裨之。三觀四教之宗旨，自<span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>始也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2093" id="2078">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經三七】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云始經三夕。【天台】山名。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>策<span class="zhuanming">草堂</span><span class="zhuanming">約</span>爲智者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2094" id="2079">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">慧約法師</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span>以<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>爲智者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2095" id="2080">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即今<span class="zhuanming">江陵</span><span class="zhuanming">玉泉寺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關將軍</span>起寺者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【策】謀也。君封拜其臣，必有其策也。</span> <span>惟有道之賢，聽虚名非美，視虚器非重。心若浮雲，跡猶過羽。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">唯器與名，不可以假人。而有道之高士，視浮名亦不以爲貴。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虚名】元有其山矣。【虚器】才不當位也。</span> <span>而帝天下者，師其聖，友其賢，固其然也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>貴有天下，不可不尊聖而友賢乎！</span> <span>或問岳位，告云：「吾<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00346','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P346</span></i>位中人耳。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2096" id="2081">〔九〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">四加行位菩薩爲四州王，<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>則合是煖位也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2097" id="2082">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>或問<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>位，告云：「吾不領徒衆，當浄六根<a class="zhuhao" href="#2098" id="2083">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一云八地已上六根清浄，二云初地已上，三云資加亦清浄。今<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>與<span class="zhuanming">思</span>，恐俱是地前資加也。</span> <span>爲他損己，只是五品内人耳。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2099" id="2084">〔一二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">嘉祥</span>初聞<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>，頗輕於耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#2100" id="2085">〔一三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">嘉祥寺</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘉祥】<span class="zhuanming">吉藏法師</span>也。注<span class="zhuanming">惠皎</span>者，悮。</span> <span>亦既目覿，乃伏膺爲徒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2101" id="2086">〔一四〕</a>。又以三輪剖斷經例制勝之論<a class="zhuhao" href="#2102" id="2087">〔一五〕</a>，而特聞於天下者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覿】見也。【伏膺】胸也。<span class="zhuanming">顔子</span>得一善，拳拳伏膺。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2073" id="2088">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧思</span>（公元五一五—五七七年）：<span class="zhuanming">武津</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">上蔡</span>）人，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">李</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2074" id="2089">〔二〕</a>法華三昧：又作法華懺法﹑法華懺，即依據<span class="shuming">法華經</span>及<span class="shuming">觀普賢經</span>而修行之法，以三七日爲一期，行道誦經，思惟諦觀實相中道之理。其法有三：一﹑身開遮，開用行﹑坐二儀而遮止住﹑卧二儀；二﹑口説默，口誦大乘經典而不間雜其他事緣；三﹑意止觀，分爲有相行﹑無相行二種。有相行依據<span class="shuming">勸發品</span>，以散心念誦<span class="shuming">法華經</span>，不入禪定，無論坐﹑立﹑行，皆一心念誦<span class="shuming">法華</span>，並於日夜六時懺悔眼﹑耳等六根罪障；無相行依據<span class="shuming">安樂行品</span>，入於甚深之妙禪定，觀照六根，以了達實相三諦之正空。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2075" id="2090">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">釋智顗</span>（公元五三八—五九七年）俗姓<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span><span class="zhuanming">華容</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">湖北</span><span class="zhuanming">監利</span>西北）人。又稱<span class="zhuanming">智者</span>，佛教<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗創始人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2076" id="2091">〔四〕</a>四安樂行：謂可得安樂的四種行法，即<span class="shuming">法華經</span><span class="shuming">安樂行品</span>所載菩薩於惡世弘揚<span class="shuming">法華經</span>時，應安住的四種法：一﹑安住菩薩行處及親近處。二﹑若口宣説<span class="shuming">法華</span>時，遠離説過﹑怨嫌﹑歎毁等惡行。三﹑受<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00347','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P347</span></i>持讀誦時，無懷嫉妒﹑諂誑等心。四﹑發菩薩行之誓願，願於得無上菩提時，以神通智慧力引導衆生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2077" id="2092">〔五〕</a>靈相：神佛的妙相。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">憍賞彌國</span>：「有刻檀佛像，上懸石蓋，<span class="zhuanming">鄔陀衍那王</span>之所作也，靈相間起，神光時照。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2078" id="2093">〔六〕</a>三觀：謂從事物緣起中觀悟空﹑假﹑中三諦，<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗的基本教義之一。<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span><span class="shuming">摩訶止觀</span>卷五上：「一空一切空，無假中而不空，總空觀也；一假一切假，無空中而不假，總假觀也；一中一切中，無空假而不中，總中觀也。即<span class="shuming">中論</span>所説不可思議一心三觀。」　四教：指<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗之判教。<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗之教相判釋，有化法四教與化儀四教二類：一﹑佛説法之内容（化法），分爲藏﹑通﹑别﹑圓等四教。二﹑佛説法之形式（化儀），分爲頓﹑漸﹑祕密﹑不定等四教。　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">智顗傳</span>：「又詣<span class="zhuanming">光州</span><span class="zhuanming">大蘇山</span><span class="zhuanming">慧思禪師</span>，受業心觀。<span class="zhuanming">思</span>又從道於<span class="zhuanming">就</span>師，<span class="zhuanming">就</span>又受法於<span class="zhuanming">最</span>師。此三人者，皆不測其位也。<span class="zhuanming">思</span>每歎曰：『昔在<span class="zhuanming">靈山</span>，同聽<span class="shuming">法華</span>。宿緣所追，今復來矣。』即示<span class="zhuanming">普賢</span>道場，爲説四安樂行。<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>乃於此山行法華三昧，始經三夕，誦至<span class="shuming">藥王品</span>『心緣苦行，至是真精進』句，解悟便發，見共<span class="zhuanming">思</span>師處<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span>七寶浄土聽佛説法。故<span class="zhuanming">思</span>云：『非爾弗感，非我莫識。此法華三昧前方便也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2079" id="2094">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">草堂寺慧約傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">德素</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">婁</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span><span class="zhuanming">烏場</span>人。」「以<span class="zhuanming">約</span>德高人世，道被幽冥，允膺闍梨之尊，屬當智者之號。逡巡退讓，情在固執。殷勤勸請，辭不獲命。<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>十一年始敕引見。事協心期，道存目擊。自爾去來禁省，禮供優給。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2080" id="2095">〔八〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>十一年（五九二），<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>受「智者」之號。見<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七本傳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00348','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P348</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2081" id="2096">〔九〕</a>岳：<span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span><span class="zhuanming">慧思</span>。　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧約傳</span>：「後命學士<span class="zhuanming">江陵</span><span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>代講<span class="shuming">金經</span>，至一心具萬行處，<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>有疑焉。<span class="zhuanming">思</span>爲釋曰：『汝向所疑，此乃<span class="shuming">大品</span>次第意耳，未是<span class="shuming">法華</span>圓頓旨也。吾昔夏中苦節思此，後夜一念頓發諸法。吾既身證，不勞致疑。』<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>即咨受法華行法，三七境界，難卒載叙。又咨：『師位即是十地？』<span class="zhuanming">思</span>曰：『非也，吾是十信鐵輪位耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2082" id="2097">〔一○〕</a>四加行位：指暖位﹑頂位﹑忍位﹑世第一法位。暖位謂如以木鑽火，火雖未出，但已得暖相，譬喻雖未得無漏之智，但已種下涅槃種子。頂位謂觀行轉明，在暖之上。如登山頂，觀矚四方，悉皆明瞭，譬喻已到<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>善法的頂點。忍位謂觀四諦法已臻成熟，不會退失善根，更不會退墮惡道。世第一位法，謂觀四諦理，雖未能證，但是世間法中的最勝境界。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2083" id="2098">〔一一〕</a>六根：謂眼﹑耳﹑鼻﹑舌﹑身﹑意。根爲能生之意，眼爲視根，耳爲聽根，鼻爲嗅根，舌爲味根，身爲觸根，意爲念慮之根。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2084" id="2099">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">智顗傳</span>：「有問其位者。答曰：『汝等懶種善根，問他功德，如盲問乳，蹶者訪路云云。吾不領衆，必浄六根。爲他損己，祇是五品内位耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2085" id="2100">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">嘉祥</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">吉藏</span>，三論宗創始人。祖籍<span class="zhuanming">安息</span>，生於<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>。<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>平定<span class="zhuanming">江南</span>後，到<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span><span class="zhuanming">嘉祥寺</span>宣講三論，聽衆千餘，被尊稱爲<span class="zhuanming">嘉祥大師</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一一有傳。<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注<span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span>者，誤。<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>是。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2086" id="2101">〔一四〕</a>覿：相見。　伏膺：謂傾心，欽慕。伏，通「服」。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五六<span class="shuming">孫綽傳</span>：「沙門<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>試問<span class="zhuanming">綽</span>：『君何如<span class="zhuanming">許</span>（<span class="zhuanming">許詢</span>）？』答曰：『高情遠致，弟子早已伏膺；然一詠一吟，<span class="zhuanming">許</span>將北面矣。』」　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一九<span class="shuming">釋灌頂傳</span>：「有<span class="zhuanming">吉藏法師</span>，<span class="zhuanming">興皇</span>入室，<span class="zhuanming">嘉祥</span>結肆，獨擅<span class="zhuanming">浙東</span>。聞稱心道勝，意之未許。求借義<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00349','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P349</span></i>記，尋閲淺深，乃知體解心醉，有所從矣。因癈講散衆，投足<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>，餐禀<span class="shuming">法華</span>，發誓弘演。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2087" id="2102">〔一五〕</a>三輪：謂佛以身﹑口﹑意三浄業碾摧衆生之惑業。<span class="zhuanming">知禮</span><span class="shuming">金光明經文句記</span>卷一下：「身業現化，名神通輪；口業説法，名正教輪；意業鑑機，名記心輪。三皆摧碾衆生惑業。」</span> </p><p> <span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">智愷</span>，專門之業雖不盡於師，而於死則有稱焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2112" id="2103">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【智愷】<span class="zhuanming">揚都</span>人，法字悮。</span> <span>南土四朝，克尚玄理，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【南土四朝】<span class="zhuanming">隋文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">煬帝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>四朝，注<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，悮也。</span> <span>資於<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>，爲不拔之論<a class="zhuhao" href="#2113" id="2104">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不拔】無盡也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>雖譯<span class="shuming">對法</span>﹑<span class="shuming">唯識</span>等部<a class="zhuhao" href="#2114" id="2105">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">真諦三藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳朝</span>至。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【真諦】<span class="zhuanming">西天竺</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">太清</span>二年至于<span class="zhuanming">梁朝</span>。【對法】<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>也。【唯識】<span class="shuming">二十唯識論</span>。</span> <span>會王室多虞，天步孔艱<a class="zhuhao" href="#2115" id="2106">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孔，甚。艱，難也。後主變亂也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虞】憂也。【孔艱】甚難。</span> <span>承業學徒，所究未弘<a class="zhuhao" href="#2116" id="2107">〔五〕</a>。有<span class="zhuanming">法遇</span>鑽研講記<a class="zhuhao" href="#2117" id="2108">〔六〕</a>，殆乎過半。惜哉短命，不極其志。將死之日，勒焚遺草，聞者爲之涕零。自後其徒没没焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2118" id="2109">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">遇法師</span>所討<span class="shuming">唯識</span>，未盡其旨，而至<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">慈恩</span>著<span class="shuming">唯識疏</span>十卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法遇】<span class="zhuanming">愷</span>非，不知何許人，篤志墳典，素性傲誕，傍若無人，後值<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>，忽然信伏。既沐玄化，悟解非常。折挫本心，謙虚成德。<span class="zhuanming">普明和尚</span>責<a class="zhuhao" href="#2119" id="2110">〔八〕</a>云筒緘荆杖過<span class="zhuanming">江陵</span>，遠賜憂勤在誡懲。奉勸四方雲水客，如何容易侮規繩。【鑽研】<span class="shuming">語</span>云「鑽之彌堅」；下磨也，如琢如磨也。【過】平聲。【勒】令也。</span> <span>洎<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>南迴，綜習無聞，故色心之學<a class="zhuhao" href="#2120" id="2111">〔九〕</a>，終少聞於盡善；章疏之家，必先意於空理。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>去後，少傳法相，多弘空性也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00350','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P350</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2103" id="2112">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">智愷</span>：<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">陳代</span>僧，<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>（公元四九九—五六九年）弟子。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">釋法泰傳</span>附<span class="shuming">智愷傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">智愷</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">曹氏</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">楊都寺</span>。……以八月二十日遘疾，自省不救，索紙題詩曰：『千秋本難滿，三時理易傾。石火無恒焰，電光非久明。遺文空滿笥，徒然昧後生。泉路方幽噎，寒隴向淒清。一朝隨露盡，唯有夜松聲。』因放筆，與諸名德握手語别，端坐儼思，奄然而卒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2104" id="2113">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">那伽阿周陀那</span>」，約二至三世紀時人，大乘佛教中觀派的創始人。著述頗多，被稱爲「千部論主」，主要有<span class="shuming">中論頌</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十二門論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">七十性空論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>大乘八宗奉爲祖師，常被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>：意譯爲<span class="zhuanming">天</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">聖天</span>。<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>的弟子，禪宗西天第十五代祖師，<span class="zhuanming">獅子國</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">斯里蘭卡</span>）人，約生活於公元三世紀。　不拔：不可動摇。<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「善建者不拔，善抱者不脱。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">揚雄傳下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">婁敬</span>委輅脱輓，掉三寸之舌，建不拔之策，舉中國徙之<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，適也。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注曰：「不拔，謂其堅固不拔也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2105" id="2114">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">拘那羅陀</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">親依</span>；又名<span class="zhuanming">波羅木陀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">波羅末陀</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2106" id="2115">〔四〕</a>多虞：多憂患，多災難。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公三十年</span>：「以<span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>之多虞，不能由吾子，使吾子辱在泥塗久矣。」虞，憂慮。　天步：天之行步，指時運﹑國運等。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">白華</span>：「天步艱難，之子不猶。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「步，行也。天步，猶言時運也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2107" id="2116">〔五〕</a>承業：遵命從事。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">晉語七</span>：「辱君之允令，敢不承業。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「承，奉也。業，事也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2108" id="2117">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">法遇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>弟子，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷五有傳，已見前注。此<span class="zhuanming">法遇</span>，疑當爲<span class="zhuanming">法海</span>之誤。<span class="zhuanming">法海</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>弟子。<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>圓寂後，<span class="zhuanming">法海</span>收集其文稿，編爲部軸。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00351','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P351</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2109" id="2118">〔七〕</a>没没：謂無聲無息，無所作爲。<span class="zhuanming">柳宗元</span><span class="shuming">先君石表陰先友記</span>：「自<span class="zhuanming">元均</span>至<span class="zhuanming">宣力</span>，皆没没無顯仕者。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2110" id="2119">〔八〕</a>責：原誤作「貢」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2111" id="2120">〔九〕</a>色心：色與心。色指有形的物質，心指無形的精神。</span> </p><p> <span>國初<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2131" id="2121">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>年。</span> <span>譯<span class="shuming">唯識</span>授門下<span class="zhuanming">基</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">窺基</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2132" id="2122">〔二〕</a>，姓<span class="zhuanming">尉遲</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">洪道</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鄂公</span><span class="zhuanming">敬德</span>之猶子也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2133" id="2123">〔三〕</a>，造百本疏<span class="zhuanming">慈恩和尚</span>也。</span> <span>兼之<span class="shuming">瑜伽</span>也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並大乘論。</span> <span>譯<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>授門下<span class="zhuanming">光</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2134" id="2124">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未詳。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俱舍】<span class="shuming">阿毗達摩俱舍</span>三十卷是也。</span> <span>兼之<span class="shuming">婆沙</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並小乘論。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【婆沙】<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>二百卷。</span> <span>可謂法相光華，名數淵弘<a class="zhuhao" href="#2135" id="2125">〔五〕</a>，精搜真俗，通乎大道<a class="zhuhao" href="#2136" id="2126">〔六〕</a>。彼空宗之學，悄若乎不紓其志也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2137" id="2127">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">奘三藏</span>。自<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>年往西國，學經論法相，至<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>迴，大弘法相。空性之徒覩之，若風恬而波偃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【悄】憂皃。【紓】舒﹑杼二音，緩也，解也。【自武德】自<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>三年往<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，至十九年回至<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，計一十七年。<span class="zhuanming">武德</span>者，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">高宗</span>製<span class="shuming">聖教序</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2138" id="2128">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今見，冠經首也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【製聖教序】二帝序一卷，<span class="zhuanming">玄範</span>注，見<span class="shuming">唐書</span><span class="shuming">藝文志</span>也。</span> <span>華藻耀乎天文，真風翔乎海隅<a class="zhuhao" href="#2139" id="2129">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【真風翔乎海隅】翔，翱翔也。隅，音愚，維也，用也。<span class="shuming">傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>敕祕書省寫新譯經論九部，賜<span class="zhuanming">雍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">兖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">相</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">揚</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">涼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">益</span>等九州流通，仍御序冠於首也。</span> <span>洎<span class="zhuanming">玄宗</span>注<span class="shuming">般若</span>，蓋二聖鴻基之積潤也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2140" id="2130">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">玄宗</span>注<span class="shuming">金剛經</span>，見行于世。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【二聖】指<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>也。【鴻基】上大也；下業也，址也，經也。【積潤】上聚也；下澤也，益也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2121" id="2131">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>：世稱<span class="zhuanming">三藏法師</span>，佛教大翻譯家，唯識宗的創始者之一。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00352','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P352</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2122" id="2132">〔二〕</a>基：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「某」。<span class="zhuanming">窺基</span>（公元六三二—六八二年），<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>高足弟子，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">尉遲</span>，因其著述常題名<span class="zhuanming">基</span>，或<span class="zhuanming">大乘基</span>，後人稱爲<span class="zhuanming">窺基</span>，<span class="zhuanming">京兆</span><span class="zhuanming">長安</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>二十二年（六四八）十七歲，正式捨家受度爲<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>弟子，應詔參預譯經。據<span class="shuming">開元釋教録</span>記載，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯籍中標明<span class="zhuanming">窺基</span>筆受的，有<span class="shuming">成唯識論</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">辨中邊論頌</span>一卷﹑<span class="shuming">辨中邊論</span>三卷﹑<span class="shuming">唯識二十論</span>一卷﹑<span class="shuming">異部宗輪論</span>一卷﹑<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨界身足論</span>三卷。<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2123" id="2133">〔三〕</a>猶子：指侄子。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「喪服，兄弟之子猶子也，蓋引而進之也。」本指喪服而言，謂爲己之子期，兄弟之子亦爲期。後因稱兄弟之子爲猶子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2124" id="2134">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">普光</span>：籍貫﹑生卒年月不詳。於<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>造詣最深，撰<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>三十卷。<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>所譯經論，經<span class="zhuanming">普光</span>筆受者最多。<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>卷四有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2125" id="2135">〔五〕</a>法相：謂諸法真實之相。<span class="shuming">法華經</span><span class="shuming">化城喻品</span>：「大聖轉法輪，顯示諸法相。」　名數：名目之數。　淵弘：淵深宏大。<span class="zhuanming">石崇</span><span class="shuming">大雅吟</span>：「堂堂太祖，淵弘其量。仁格宇宙，義風遐暢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2126" id="2136">〔六〕</a>真俗：因緣所生之事理曰俗，不生不滅之理性曰真。出世爲真，入世曰俗，即出家在家之意。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2127" id="2137">〔七〕</a>空宗：與相宗或者性宗相對而言，指以性空之理破斥妄相的宗派，包括大乘的三論宗和小乘的成實宗。<span class="zhuanming">延壽</span><span class="shuming">宗鏡録</span>卷三四：「今廣辯空宗﹑性宗，有其十異。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2128" id="2138">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">聖教序</span>：全稱<span class="shuming">大唐三藏聖教序</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐太宗</span><span class="zhuanming">李世民</span>製文，<span class="zhuanming">唐高宗</span><span class="zhuanming">李治</span>又撰<span class="shuming">述三藏聖教序記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2129" id="2139">〔九〕</a>華藻：華麗的辭藻。<span class="zhuanming">陸遊</span><span class="shuming">上殿劄子</span>之二：「太平既久，日趨於文，放而不還，末流愈遠，浮虚失實，華藻害道。」　天文：日月星辰等天象。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">賁</span>：「觀乎天文，以察時變。」<span class="shuming">隋書</span>卷三四<span class="shuming">經籍志三</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00353','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P353</span></i>「天文者，所以察星辰之變，而參於政者也。」　真風：貞風。指淳樸的風範。　海隅：海角。這裏指偏僻遥遠的地方。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">君奭</span>：「我咸成<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>功于不怠，丕冒海隅出日，罔不率俾。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「今我<span class="zhuanming">周</span>家皆成<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>功于不懈怠，則德教大覆冒海隅日所出之地，無不循化而使之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2130" id="2140">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄宗</span>注<span class="shuming">般若</span>：<span class="zhuanming">開元</span>二十三年（七三五），<span class="zhuanming">唐玄宗</span>注<span class="shuming">金剛般若經</span>，「詔頒天下，普令宣講」。　積潤：積久潤澤。<span class="shuming">文苑英華</span>卷五六一引<span class="zhuanming">常衮</span><span class="shuming">中書門下賀雪表</span>：「重陰益固，應水澤腹堅之時；積潤潛通，迎土膏脈起之候。」</span> </p><p> <span>但世以譯經則易，譯論則難，而傳者亦如之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">傳經者止於尋文刻旨﹑叙意連環，故爲易也。傳論者循環性相﹑洞達幽微，故爲難也。</span> <span>寔由經但斷疑生信，旨遠而文近<a class="zhuhao" href="#2151" id="2141">〔一〕</a>；論則殫窮性相，訓暢精微<a class="zhuhao" href="#2152" id="2142">〔二〕</a>。爲義必典，爲文尚華。錯綜音律，鏗鏘彬蔚。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彬蔚，文彩興盛皃也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尚華】義不經則不行，文不美則行而不遠也。【錯綜】上蒼各切。<span class="shuming">詩傳</span>云：東西曰交，邪行爲錯。下子宋切，纖縷綜也。若縷縷交錯，左右成文。【鏗鏘】上口莖切，下七羊切。鏗鏘，金玉聲也。【彬蔚】上音斌，文質彬彬。下音罻也。</span> <span>賓主相由，鉤賾爲美，自非上智，不能見往復之意<a class="zhuhao" href="#2153" id="2143">〔三〕</a>。故學之者鮮不功倍爲山，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">淺近之者，聞而輕侮，蓋非其境也。爲山九仞，起於累土也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鉤賾】上音溝，下仕革切。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：聖人有以見天下之賾。賾者謂幽深難見者也，故賾深，探賾也。</span> <span>辯參神化<a class="zhuhao" href="#2154" id="2144">〔四〕</a>。以教行<span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>，始不譯論，求其師資輔會之道，難矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至今學經之徒，其侣若林。究論之士，若披沙見寶也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【參】承也。【神化】神靈德化。</span> <span>夫法學之侣，知經律而不知論者，但直讚述其文而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00354','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P354</span></i>已<a class="zhuhao" href="#2155" id="2145">〔五〕</a>。至於攀援大義，則不謂之洞達者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2156" id="2146">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故今<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>中凡善傳經者，皆兼習論，然後傳演，方爲美也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【攀援】上普班切，引也；下音園，引也。【洞達】洞，曉也，深也；達，通也，解也。</span> <span>其<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>譯經則齷齪，譯論則舒緩<a class="zhuhao" href="#2157" id="2147">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【齷齪】上音握，下測角切。<span class="shuming">吴都賦</span>云：「齷齪而筭。」注云：「局小皃。」今取相近親切義也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>反之。故<span class="zhuanming">什</span>世經學則優，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">優，勝也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">奘</span>世論學則倍矣。昔<span class="zhuanming">慧休</span>者，一鞋三十年，遇泥則跣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2158" id="2148">〔八〕</a>，曰：「泥軟易蹈，吾不欲損信施故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2159" id="2149">〔九〕</a>。」每告衆曰：「吾所聽經律，皆三二十遍，猶恨少功，欲兼異部，未遑多涉。今之學者，罕有備通，文句薄知，則預師範。致有窮括，莫知由緒，此法滅在人矣。所以終夜長想，有慨于懷爾。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2160" id="2150">〔一○〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2141" id="2151">〔一〕</a>斷疑：决疑。<span class="shuming">墨子</span><span class="shuming">明鬼下</span>：「夫衆人耳目之請，豈足以斷疑哉！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2142" id="2152">〔二〕</a>殫窮：猶窮盡。<span class="zhuanming">李白</span><span class="shuming">大獵賦</span>：「今聖朝園池遐荒，殫窮六合。」　性相：性指事物的本質，相指事物的表像。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷三一：「有人言性相小有差别。性言其體，相言可識……如火，熱是其性，煙是其相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2143" id="2153">〔三〕</a>鉤賾：探求隱微。　上智：指大智之人。<span class="shuming">孫子兵法</span><span class="shuming">用間</span>：「惟明君賢將，能以上智爲間者，必成大功。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2144" id="2154">〔四〕</a>神化：神妙地潛移默化。語出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「神而化之，使民宜之。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00355','1865869',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P355</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2145" id="2155">〔五〕</a>法學：效法學習。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷三三<span class="shuming">范曄傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曄</span>性精微，有思致，觸類多善，衣裳器服，莫不增損制度，世人皆法學之。」　直：祇，僅僅。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">梁惠王上</span>：「不可，直不百步耳。」　讚述：讚美稱述。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">文學</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">謐</span>見之嗟歎，遂爲作<span class="shuming">叙</span>。於是先相非貳者，莫不斂衽讚述。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2146" id="2156">〔六〕</a>攀援：援用，引用。<span class="zhuanming">司馬光</span><span class="shuming">乞令三省諸司無條方用例白劄子</span>：「近歲三省及百司多用例破條，諸色人亦多於條外攀援體例，希求恩澤。」　洞達：理解得很透徹；看得很清楚。<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷二六<span class="shuming">知實</span>：「孔<span class="zhuanming">子</span>見竅睹微，思慮洞達。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2147" id="2157">〔七〕</a>齷齪：這裏指文風緊湊﹑簡潔。<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯經，變直譯爲意譯，既注重了佛經原文的準確性，又考慮到譯文的遣詞造句符合<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>民族的閲讀習慣。　舒緩：這裏指文風繁瑣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2148" id="2158">〔八〕</a>跣：光著脚。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷二下：「跣，足親地也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2149" id="2159">〔九〕</a>信施：這裏指信徒向三寶所施之財物。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2150" id="2160">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">慧休傳</span>：「四衆懷蒲柳之慕，猶執卷咨謀，乃力倦而告曰：『吾學功多矣。每有經律，雖聽二三十遍，文旨乃鏡，猶恨少功。欲兼異部，未遑多涉耳。今之後學，則不同之。薄知文句，宗致眇然。即預師範，更無通觀。所以終夜長慨，有耿於懷。致有窮括教源，莫知由序，此法滅在人矣。今暮年開道，意在成器。斯猶砥礪，合其刃耳。安能爐錘其樸耶？』所以引化席端，直陳綱要。而奉禁守道，抑在天然。挫拉形心，逾衰逾篤。衣服率然，趣便蓋體。襆懸壁上，尺絹不居。所得外利，即迴講衆。補綻衣服，不勞人助。見著麻鞋經今三十餘年，雖有斷壞，綴而蹈涉。暫有泥雨，徒跣而行。有問其故，答云：『泥軟易履，不損信施耳。』」</span> </p></div></div></div>
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附録五　校注參考書目
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133741" key="1133741"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録五　校注參考書目 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133742" key="1133742"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00843','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P843</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000055"><b>附録五　校注參考書目</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">説明：本書目按筆畫多少排列；校注中所引内典，凡未列入此書目者，皆據<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>﹑<span class="shuming">卍續藏</span>本。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">三國志</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">陳壽</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">裴松之</span>注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九八二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">大唐西域記校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">辯機</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">季羨林</span>等校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">慧立</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">彦悰</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">孫毓棠</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">謝方</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">大戴禮記解詁</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">王聘珍</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王文錦</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">山海經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span><span class="shuming">諸子百家叢書</span>本，一九八九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">中國佛教史籍概論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">陳垣</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">中論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">徐幹</span>撰，<span class="shuming">四部叢刊</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">上海商務印書館</span>，一九一九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">公羊傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">公孫龍子形名發微</span>，<span class="zhuanming">譚戒甫</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">六韜</span>，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span><span class="shuming">諸子百家叢書</span>本，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">太平御覧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">李昉</span>等編，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">太平廣記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">李昉</span>等編，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六一年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00844','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P844</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">太玄集注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬光</span>集注，<span class="zhuanming">劉韶軍</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span><span class="shuming">諸子百家叢書</span>本，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">孔叢子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span><span class="shuming">諸子百家叢書</span>本，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">文心雕龍注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">范文瀾</span>注，<span class="zhuanming">人民文學出版社</span>，一九五九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">文苑英華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">李昉</span>等編，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>影印本，一九六六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">文選</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭統</span>編，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">日録雜説</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">魏禧</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>影印<span class="shuming">昭代叢書</span>本，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">比丘尼傳校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">寶唱</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王孺童</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">水經注校證</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">酈道元</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">陳橋驛</span>校證，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">王梵志詩校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">王梵志</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">項楚</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，二○一○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">世説新語笺疏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">余嘉錫</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">周祖謨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">余淑宜</span>整理，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">蘇晉仁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蕭煉子</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北史</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李延壽</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北齊書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李百藥</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">古今注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">崔豹</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">古書疑義舉例五種</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">俞樾</span>等著，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九五六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">史記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九五九年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00845','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P845</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">本草綱目</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">李時珍</span>著，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>影印，一九八七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">白虎通疏證</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">陳立</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">吴則虞</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">先秦漢魏晉南北朝詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">逯欽立</span>輯校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九七九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">嚴可均</span>輯，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>影印本，一九六五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">列女傳今注今譯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">張敬</span>注譯，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>，一九九四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">列子集釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楊伯峻</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九七九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">吕氏春秋集釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">許維遹</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">梁運華</span>整理，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">成唯識論校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯，<span class="zhuanming">韓廷傑</span>校釋，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">老子校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朱謙之</span>校釋，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">西京雜記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">葛洪</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">程毅中</span>校點，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">初學記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">徐堅</span>等編，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">孝經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">宋史</span>，<span class="zhuanming">元</span><span class="zhuanming">脱脱</span>等撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">宋書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">沈約</span>等撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">贊寧</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">范祥雍</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">酉陽雜俎</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">段成式</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">方南生</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八一年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">兩漢記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">荀悦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">張烈</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○五年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00846','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P846</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">周易</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">周書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">令狐德棻</span>等撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">周禮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">孟子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王明</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">東觀漢記校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">劉珍</span>等撰，<span class="zhuanming">吴樹平</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">法言義疏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">汪榮寶</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">陳仲夫</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">法苑珠林校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">道世</span>編，<span class="zhuanming">周叔迦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘇晉仁</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">法顯傳校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">法顯</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">章巽</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">直齋書録解題</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">陳振孫</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">徐小蠻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顧美華</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九八七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">金樓子校箋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭繹</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">許逸民</span>校箋，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○一一年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">陔餘叢考</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">趙翼</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">商務印書館</span>，一九五七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">南史</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李延壽</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">南唐書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">馬令</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">李建國</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">傅璇琮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">徐海榮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">徐吉軍</span>主編<span class="shuming">五代史書彙編</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">杭州出版社</span>，二○○四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">義淨</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王邦維</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">南齊書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭子顯</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七二年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00847','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P847</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">彦周詩話</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">許彦周</span>撰，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">范曄</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>等注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九六五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">春秋左傳注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楊伯峻</span>注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">春秋繁露義證</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蘇輿</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">鍾哲</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">楊衒之</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">周祖謨</span>校釋，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○一○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">癸巳存稿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">俞正燮</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">遼寧教育出版社</span><span class="shuming">新世紀萬有文庫</span>本，二○○三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">茶香室叢鈔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">俞樾</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">貞凡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">顧馨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">徐敏霞</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">荀子集解</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">王先謙</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">沈嘯寰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王星賢</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">荆楚歲時記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">宗懔</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">宋金龍</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">山西人民出版社</span>，一九八七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">郡齋讀書志校證</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">晁公武</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">孫猛</span>校證，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">重修玉篇</span>，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">風俗通義校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">應劭</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王利器</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八一年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">唐國史補</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李肇</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九八三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">唐開元占經</span>，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">孫子兵法新注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中國人民解放軍軍事科學院</span>戰争理論研究部<span class="shuming">孫子</span>注釋小組，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">晉書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李延壽</span>等撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七四年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00848','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P848</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">晏子春秋集釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴則虞</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">書史會要</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">陶宗儀</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">上海書店</span>影印，一九八四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">海録碎事</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">葉廷珪</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">李之亮</span>校點，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">莊子集釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">郭慶藩</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王孝魚</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六一年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">通典</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">杜佑</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王文錦</span>等點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">陳書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">姚思廉</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">商君書錐指</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蔣禮鴻</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">國語集解</span>，<span class="zhuanming">徐元誥</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王樹民</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">沈長雲</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">尉繚子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span><span class="shuming">諸子百家叢書</span>本，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">曹操集</span>，<span class="zhuanming">三國</span><span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九五九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">梁書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">姚思廉</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">淮南鴻烈集解</span>，<span class="zhuanming">劉文典</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">馮逸</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">喬華</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">清波别志</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">周煇</span>撰，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">逸周書彚校集注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄懷信</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張懋鎔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">田旭東</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">李學勤</span>審定，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九九五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">野客叢書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">王楙</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">鄭明</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王義耀</span>校點，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九九一年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">隋書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">魏徵</span>等撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七三年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00849','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P849</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">寒山詩注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">項楚</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">搜神記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">干寶</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">王紹楹</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九七九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">敦煌變文校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黃征</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張湧泉</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">渭南文集</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">陸游</span>撰，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">越絶書校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">李步嘉</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">武漢大學出版社</span>，一九九二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">雲笈七籤</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span><span class="zhuanming">君房</span>編，<span class="zhuanming">李永晟</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">新序</span>﹑<span class="shuming">説苑</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">劉向</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span><span class="shuming">諸子百家叢書</span>本，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">新唐書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">歐陽修</span>等撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">新書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span>撰，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">新語校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王利器</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">楚辭補注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">洪興祖</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">白化文</span>等點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">經典釋文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">黄焯</span>斷句，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">詩經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">詩藪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">胡應麟</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九七九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">司馬光</span>編著，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九五六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">路史</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">羅泌</span>撰，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">廣博物志</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">董斯張</span>撰，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00850','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P850</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">廣雅疏證</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">王念孫</span>疏證，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">漢武故事</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯迅</span>校輯<span class="shuming">古小説鈎沉</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">齊魯書社</span>，一九九七年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">漢書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">班固</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九六二年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">漢魏兩晉南北朝佛教史</span>，<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">北京大學出版社</span>，二○一一年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">爾雅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">管子校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黎翔鳳</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">梁運華</span>整理，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">説文解字</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">許慎</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">劉子校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">傅亞庶</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">墨子校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴毓江</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">孫啓治</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">潛夫論箋校正</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">王符</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">汪繼培</span>箋，<span class="zhuanming">彭鐸</span>校正，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">論語</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">論衡校釋</span>（附<span class="zhuanming">劉盼遂</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>），<span class="zhuanming">黄暉</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">壇經校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">慧能</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">郭朋</span>校釋，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">戰國策</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">劉向</span>集録，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span>，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">穆天子傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">上海古籍出版社</span><span class="shuming">諸子百家叢書</span>本，一九九○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">避暑録話</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">葉夢得</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">商務印書館</span><span class="shuming">叢書集成初編</span>本，一九三四年。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00851','1865902',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P851</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">醒世恒言</span>，<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">馮夢龍</span>編，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">禮記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">十三經注疏</span>本，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">舊唐書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">後晉</span><span class="zhuanming">劉昫</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">藏園訂補郘亭知見傳本書目</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">莫友芝</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">傅增湘</span>訂補，<span class="zhuanming">傅熹年</span>整理，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○九年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">隸釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">洪适</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>影印本，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">韓非子集解</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">王先慎</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">鍾哲</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九八年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">韓詩外傳集釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">韓嬰</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">許維遹</span>集釋，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九八○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">魏書</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">魏收</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本，一九七四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">歐陽詢</span>等編，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九六五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">颜氏家訓集解</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王利器</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">關尹子</span>，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">類説</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">曾慥</span>編撰，<span class="shuming">文淵閣四庫全書</span>本，<span class="zhuanming">臺灣商務印書館</span>影印，一九八六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">釋名</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">劉熙</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">叢書集成初編</span>本，一九八五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">釋迦藝文提要</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周叔迦</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">周叔迦佛學論著全集</span>本，二○○六年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">鶡冠子彚校集注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄懷信</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○四年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">讀史方輿紀要</span>，<span class="zhuanming">清</span><span class="zhuanming">顧祖禹</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">賀次</span><span class="zhuanming">君</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">施和金</span>點校，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，二○○五年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">鹽鐵論校注</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王利器</span>校注，<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>，一九九二年。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
[卷第五　釋賓問第八]
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133744" key="1133744"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第五　釋賓問第八 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133745" key="1133745"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00356','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P356</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000020"><b>北山録卷第五</b></p><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000021">釋賓問第八<span class="font12 zhu">假設賓主之問答，以釋吾門之疑滯也。</span></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">向方士</span>適石林之館，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">向方士</span>者，假設若<span class="zhuanming">烏有先生</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">亡是公</span>之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【向方士】向，趣也。方，正道也。【烏有先生】<span class="shuming">漢書</span>是烏字，於何也；<span class="shuming">文選</span>云是焉字，於乾切，何也。【亡是公】無此人也。事見<span class="shuming">子虚賦</span>。</span> <span>膜跪造睞<a class="zhuhao" href="#2170" id="2161">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">膜跪，拜也。<span class="shuming">穆天子傳</span>云：「膜跪受之。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>云：「若今胡人禮佛也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2171" id="2162">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膜】音模，拜也。【造膝】造，至也。以膝至地。【穆天子傳】<span class="shuming">汲塚</span>名。</span> <span>述於主人曰：「吾之生也，罹乎百憂<a class="zhuhao" href="#2172" id="2163">〔三〕</a>。嘗他日在異室，有牢醴，有琴瑟，有<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">書</span>備讌，好謌詠乎先王之風，猶慊乎未樂。今聿來高居，松桂寂寥，環堵虚白，鄙恡之心祛矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2173" id="2164">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慊，恨也。久居俗網，每猒繁雜。一來<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>寺，幽虚暢然者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2174" id="2165">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【罹】音離，心憂也，逢也。【牢醴】上勞字，太牢，牛也。少牢，羊豕也。下音禮，酒也。【詩書】<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">尚書</span>。【讌好】上音宴，設也，會也；下去聲。【謌詠】謌詠先王之道，皈依夫子之門。【慊】恨也。【聿】遂也，自也。【寂寥】安静也，空廓也。【環堵】上音還，周也；下音覩，牆也。環，<span class="shuming">儒行</span>云：「一畝<a class="zhuhao" href="#2175" id="2166">〔六〕</a>之宫，環堵之室。」【虚白】<span class="shuming">莊</span>云：虚室生白，吉祥止止。【祛】音虚，除也。【蕭寺】<span class="zhuanming">蕭梁</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>造<span class="zhuanming">光宅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">同太</span>等寺，後人云<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>寺，至今名也。</span> <span>將幸味金仙之旨，暢無生之篇<a class="zhuhao" href="#2176" id="2167">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛經<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00357','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P357</span></i>讚無生理。</span> <span>飲歠法喜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2177" id="2168">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>云「法喜禪悦食」，餐飲法味，自然飽足。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【歠】大飲也，音啜。</span> <span>沐浴甘露<a class="zhuhao" href="#2178" id="2169">〔九〕</a>。朗煩素於秋照，擢華耀於春滋。心顔雖懇，非敢以覬，如之何？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既沐玄風，道心滋茂。心皃雖有情懇，請問未敢覬望，如何？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沐浴】頭曰沐，身曰浴。【素】空也。【煩】勞也，暑也。【擢華】上音濁，拔也，出也；下户花切，草木盛也。【覬】音冀，希望也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2161" id="2170">〔一〕</a>睞：當爲「膝」字之誤。按：「造睞」不詞，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>所引，即作「造膝」。造膝，猶促膝也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2162" id="2171">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">穆天子傳</span>卷二：「吾乃膜拜而受。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注：「今之胡人禮佛，舉手加頭，稱南膜拜者，即此類也。音模。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2163" id="2172">〔三〕</a>百憂：各種憂慮。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">王風</span><span class="shuming">兔爰</span>：「我生之初，尚無造。我生之後，逢此百憂。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2164" id="2173">〔四〕</a>高居：對他人住處的敬稱。<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span><span class="shuming">與大顛師書</span>之二：「至此一二日卻歸高居，亦無不可。」　虚白：潔白，皎潔。語本<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">人間世</span>：「虚室生白，吉祥止止。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>引<span class="zhuanming">司馬彪</span>注曰：「室比喻心，心能空虚，則純白獨生也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2165" id="2174">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>寺：佛寺。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上：「今多稱僧居爲<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>寺者，必因<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>造寺，以姓爲題也。」<span class="zhuanming">李肇</span><span class="shuming">唐國史補</span>卷中：「<span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span>造寺，令<span class="zhuanming">蕭子雲</span>飛白大書『蕭』字，至今一『蕭』字存焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2166" id="2175">〔六〕</a>畝：原誤作「敏」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2167" id="2176">〔七〕</a>金仙：指佛。<span class="zhuanming">李白</span><span class="shuming">與元丹丘方城寺談玄作</span>：「朗悟前後際，始知金仙妙。」<span class="zhuanming">王琦</span>注：「金仙，謂佛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2168" id="2177">〔八〕</a>飲歠：吃喝。<span class="zhuanming">馬令</span><span class="shuming">南唐書</span>卷二三<span class="shuming">黄載傳</span>：「飲歠之外，一無所蓄。」　法喜：謂聞見﹑參悟佛法而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00358','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P358</span></i>産生的喜悦之情。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷四<span class="shuming">五百弟子受記品</span>：「法喜禪悦食，更無餘食想。」<span class="shuming">佛説維摩詰經</span><span class="shuming">佛道品</span>：「法喜以爲妻，慈悲以爲女。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2169" id="2178">〔九〕</a>甘露：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語的意譯，喻佛法。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">藥草喻品</span>：「爲大衆説甘露浄法。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「余病廢久矣，覩流世若瞑眩，不悦乎厥躬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2184" id="2179">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">説命</span>云：「若藥弗瞑眩，則厥疾弗瘳。」今我病世人廢棄已久，覩流世之徒，於我瞢然不相顧悦也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瞑眩】上音面，下音縣，迷亂憤悶也。【厥躬】身也；其也。【瞢】目中切，目不明也。</span> <span>退藏于山林。居乃積蘇編茨，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蘇，草也。茨，茅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蘇茨】上草也；下茅也。</span> <span>衣乃弊褐麤純，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">褐，毛也。純，絲也。<span class="shuming">論語</span>云：「今也純儉。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2185" id="2180">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【褐】音曷，毛褐短衣也。【麤純】上大也；下糸也。</span> <span>食乃單盂隻豆<a class="zhuhao" href="#2186" id="2181">〔三〕</a>。巖流沉沉，與鳧鹿爲群<a class="zhuhao" href="#2187" id="2182">〔四〕</a>。夫何道之可觀，事之可詢歟？但金石之和，隨拊擊之，良能小大舒速，或亦果應。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">樂無善聲，隨拊擊而則奏。人無善對，逐把問以相酬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盂】音于，盤盂，飯器。【豆】木器謂之豆。【鳧鹿】上音扶，野鴨也；下音禄，野鹿。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">七<a class="zhuhao" href="#2188" id="2183">〔五〕</a>諫</span><span class="shuming">初放</span>云：日放至兮，與麋鹿同群。【金石】鍾磬。【拊】拍也。【舒速】知起伏節奏，遲疾必應也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2179" id="2184">〔一〕</a>瞑眩：指頭暈眼花。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">説命上</span>：「若藥弗瞑眩，厥疾弗瘳。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「瞑眩者，令人憤悶之意也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2180" id="2185">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子曰：『麻冕，禮也。今也純儉，吾從衆。拜下，禮也。今拜乎上，泰也。雖違衆，吾從下。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00359','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P359</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2181" id="2186">〔三〕</a>盂：盛飲食等的圓口器皿。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷五上：「盂，飲器也。」這裏指鉢盂。　豆：盛放食物的器皿。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2182" id="2187">〔四〕</a>沉沉：水深貌。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷八<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span><span class="shuming">上林賦</span>：「沉沉隱隱，砰磅訇礚。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「沉沉，深貌也。」　鳧：水鳥，似鴨，常群遊湖泊中，能飛。俗稱「野鴨」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2183" id="2188">〔五〕</a>七：原誤作「也」。按：所引<span class="shuming">七諫</span>原文爲：「死日將至兮，與麋鹿同坑。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓降拜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2192" id="2189">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以謝主人許問。</span> <span>主人避不敏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2193" id="2190">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">避，位謙也。敏，達也。</span> <span>既復席，賓曰：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>夢未占，音譯未通<a class="zhuhao" href="#2194" id="2191">〔三〕</a>，此方先有得聞至教者乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>已前，此方還有知西方有佛者無？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2189" id="2192">〔一〕</a>降拜：下堂拜謝。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪大記</span>：「徹帷，男女奉尸夷于堂，降拜。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「降拜者，降，下也，既陳於堂則適子下堂拜賓也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2190" id="2193">〔二〕</a>不敏：不通達。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷八<span class="shuming">晉語二</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">款</span>也不才，寡智不敏，不能教導，以至於死。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「敏，達也。」多爲謙詞，猶不才。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">回</span>雖不敏，請事斯語矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2191" id="2194">〔三〕</a>音譯：猶消息。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷八三<span class="shuming">黄回傳</span>：「及<span class="zhuanming">景素</span>結逆，履霜歲久，乃密通音譯，潛送器仗。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「遼哉！何吾之知也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遼，遠也。何吾之知，謙也。</span> <span>但觸石之雲，生於膚寸<a class="zhuhao" href="#2211" id="2195">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">公羊傳</span>云：「雲因觸石而生，膚寸而合。」四指曰膚，兩指曰寸。</span> <span>射鮒之水，負於艅艎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2212" id="2196">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">艅艎，<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>舡名。言射鮒小水，能載大舡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【占】向夢于太史云：井通也，彖云：養而不窮也。<span class="shuming">周書</span>云<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>造井。或云<span class="zhuanming">伯益</span>造。<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>云：井，深也。<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>云：井法也，以不變更爲義。又云清絜爲義。射鮒之水，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00360','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P360</span></i>射音食，鮒音附。初爻之水者，<span class="shuming">井卦</span>九二云：井谷射鮒，甕弊漏。如鈔解。<span class="shuming">雜卦</span>云：井通也。【艅艎】上音余，下音皇。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>船名也。</span> <span>何期不然也？昔<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>遊<span class="zhuanming">婆闍國</span>，其國在<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>，去<span class="zhuanming">方夏</span>未之遠也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2213" id="2197">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南海</span>去<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，未過萬里。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【婆闍國】<span class="shuming">南史</span><span class="shuming">西南夷傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">婆闍</span>。不知何經説佛遊此國，請詳<a class="zhuhao" href="#2214" id="2198">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>微流之風，何莫及斯？故<span class="zhuanming">周穆王</span>遇<span class="zhuanming">西極</span>化人<a class="zhuhao" href="#2215" id="2199">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">古皇先生</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2216" id="2200">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">老子西昇經</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">竺乾</span>有<span class="zhuanming">古皇先生</span>。」</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>推西方有大聖者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2217" id="2201">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子云：「西方有大聖人，不言而自理。」</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>知<span class="zhuanming">臨淄</span>石下有舊像石露盤<a class="zhuhao" href="#2218" id="2202">〔八〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">揵陁呵</span>見<span class="zhuanming">盤鴟山</span>中有古寺基址<a class="zhuhao" href="#2219" id="2203">〔九〕</a>，安得不有見聞者乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆預有見聞者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揵陀呵】上音乾，<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">揵陀勒</span>，悮。【鴟】處脂切，名鳶也。</span> <span>迨<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span><span class="zhuanming">元狩</span>初，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">前漢</span>第五主<span class="zhuanming">元狩</span>年。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迨】音怠，及也。【元狩初】<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>初，有年號<span class="zhuanming">建元</span>六﹑<span class="zhuanming">元光</span>六﹑<span class="zhuanming">元朔</span>六﹑<span class="zhuanming">元獸</span>六，因獲麟而改元也。狩字非。</span> <span>命<span class="zhuanming">霍去病</span>北伐<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>，過<span class="zhuanming">居延</span>，擒<span class="zhuanming">休屠王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2220" id="2204">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">屠，音除。</span> <span>獲金人以爲大神，列于<span class="zhuanming">甘泉宫</span>，陳香火，以禮事之三年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2221" id="2205">〔一一〕</a>。鑿<span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢武</span><span class="zhuanming">元狩</span>三年，減<span class="zhuanming">隴西</span><span class="zhuanming">上郡</span>戍卒之半，及弄法者謫之，使穿<span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>。<span class="shuming">西京雜記</span>云：「池中刻石爲魚，至遇雷雨，魚常鳴吼。上有艛船數百，戈矛照燭。」<span class="shuming">三輔故事</span>云：「廣三百二十畝，初穿得黑灰，帝將以問<span class="zhuanming">東方朔</span>也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【甘泉宫】在<span class="zhuanming">雲陽</span>，乃<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>祭神之處。【戍卒】上傷遇切，害也，荷戈也；下存没切，隸人給事者曰卒。【謫】責降也。【艛】音樓，船也。【戈矛】上古和切，平頭戟也；下音牟，逢於兵車，長二丈。【畝】音母。<span class="shuming">司馬法</span>：六尺爲步，三百步爲畝。<span class="zhuanming">秦孝公</span>制云二百四十步爲一畝。</span> <span>得黑灰，問<span class="zhuanming">東方朔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>曰：『此非臣能知，陛下可問<span class="zhuanming">西<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00361','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P361</span></i>域</span>胡道人。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2222" id="2206">〔一二〕</a>暨<span class="zhuanming">張騫</span><span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>還，知有<span class="zhuanming">申毒國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2223" id="2207">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">張騫傳</span>音篤，即<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>，同。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大夏】<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>國名。</span> <span><span class="shuming">山海經</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>之民，偎人而愛人。』<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注云：『則<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，浮圖所興之處也，亦曰<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>。<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>，月名也。彼月有千名，兹乃一焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2224" id="2208">〔一四〕</a>。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若此方蟾蜍﹑桂影﹑冰輪﹑金盤等，彼土取以爲國名，具臨照義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偎】烏恢切，近也，愛也。【竺】竹﹑篤二音。【蟾蜍】上視占切，下常魚切。或云蟾蠩，上音占，下音諸，蝦蟇也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span>世，<span class="zhuanming">景憲</span>往<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>受<span class="zhuanming">浮圖</span>經，<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>王使太子口授之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2225" id="2209">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大月氏】<span class="shuming">後漢志</span>云：去<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>萬六千三百七十里。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">劉向</span>云：『余遍尋群策，往往見有佛經。』及<span class="zhuanming">鴻嘉</span>之年，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢成帝</span>世。</span> <span>撰<span class="shuming">列仙傳</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">兩卷。</span> <span>云：『吾搜檢藏書，緬尋太史<a class="zhuhao" href="#2226" id="2210">〔一六〕</a>，創造列仙圖。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>已下六世迄于今，得仙道者七百餘人。<span class="zhuanming">向</span>檢虚實，定得一百四十六人。其七十四人，已見佛經矣。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【搜檢】上所鳩切，索也，求也；下居奄切，檢校也。【藏】平聲，隱也，祕也。又，去聲，書庫也。【緬】遠也。</span> <span>以是而推，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>化爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>興，至于<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>，實千年矣。自此之前，何不聞也？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">答<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>夢未占等也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2195" id="2211">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">公羊傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公三十一年</span>：「觸石而出，膚寸而合，不崇朝而徧雨乎天下者，唯<span class="zhuanming">泰山</span>爾。」<span class="zhuanming">何休</span>注：「側手爲膚，按指爲寸。言其觸石理而出，無有膚寸而不合。崇，重也；不重朝，言一朝也。」後以「觸石」謂山中雲氣與峰巒相碰擊，吐出雲來。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四<span class="zhuanming">左思</span><span class="shuming">蜀都賦</span>：「岡巒糺紛，觸石吐雲。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「<span class="shuming">春秋元命包</span>曰：山有含精藏雲，故觸石而出也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00362','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P362</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2196" id="2212">〔二〕</a>射鮒：射取小魚。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">井</span>：「井谷射鮒，甕敝漏。」射鮒之水：指很小的水。　艅艎：<span class="zhuanming">吴王</span>大艦名。後泛稱大型船艦。<span class="zhuanming">陸龜蒙</span><span class="shuming">自遣詩</span>之四：「長鯨好鱠無因得，乞取艅艎作釣舟。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2197" id="2213">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">婆闍國</span>：又譯作<span class="zhuanming">跋耆國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">弗栗恃國</span>等，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>住世時<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>十六大國之一。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="shuming">弗栗恃國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">弗栗恃國</span>，周四千餘里，東西長南北狹，土地膏腴，花果茂盛。氣序微寒，人性躁急。多敬外道，少信佛法。伽藍十餘所，僧徒減千人。大小二乘，兼功通學。天祠數十，外道寔衆。」　<span class="zhuanming">方夏</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">華夏</span>。與「四夷」相對。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">武成</span>：「誕膺天命，以撫<span class="zhuanming">方夏</span>。」<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷七二<span class="shuming">董卓傳贊</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">方夏</span>崩沸，皇京煙埃。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「方，四方；夏，<span class="zhuanming">華夏</span>也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2198" id="2214">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">四分律</span>卷四○：「爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>從<span class="zhuanming">婆闍國</span>人間遊行。」又卷五八：「爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>在<span class="zhuanming">婆闍國</span>地城中，告諸比丘：我説四種廣説，汝等善聽，當爲汝説。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2199" id="2215">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">周穆王篇</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周穆王</span>時，西極之國有化人來，入水火，貫金石；反山川，移城邑；乘虚不墜，觸實不硋。千變萬化，不可窮極。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2200" id="2216">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">佛祖歷代通載</span>卷二二：「<span class="shuming">老子西昇經</span>云：『聞道<span class="zhuanming">竺乾</span>（今改爲開道<span class="zhuanming">竺乾</span>）有<span class="zhuanming">古皇先生</span>，善入無爲，不始不終，永存綿綿，是以西行。』」<span class="shuming">道藏</span>本<span class="shuming">西昇經</span><span class="shuming">西昇章第一</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">老君</span>西昇，開道<span class="zhuanming">竺乾</span>；號<span class="zhuanming">古先生</span>，善入無爲；不終不始，永存綿綿。」則明顯具有<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>化胡的崇道抑佛思想。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2201" id="2217">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">仲尼篇</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>動容有間，曰：『西方之人，有聖者焉，不治而不亂，不言而自信，不化而自行，蕩蕩乎，民無能名焉。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>疑其爲聖。弗知真爲聖歟？真不聖歟？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2202" id="2218">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人，本姓<span class="zhuanming">帛氏</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九有傳。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">佛圖澄</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">虎</span>於<span class="zhuanming">臨漳</span>修治舊塔，少承露<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00363','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P363</span></i>盤。<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臨淄</span>城内有古<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>塔，地中有承露盤及佛像。其上林木茂盛，可掘取之。』即畫圖與使，依言掘取，果得盤像。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2203" id="2219">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">揵陁呵</span>：即「<span class="zhuanming">揵陀勒</span>」。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">揵陀勒傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">揵陀勒</span>者，本<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人。來至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>積年，衆雖敬其風操，而終莫能測。後謂衆僧曰：『<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>東南有<span class="zhuanming">槃鴟山</span>，山有古寺廟處，基墌猶存，可共修立。』衆未之信，試逐檢視，入山到一處，四面平坦。<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>示云：『此即寺基也。』即掘之，果得寺下石基。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2204" id="2220">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">霍去病</span>（公元前一四○—前一一七年），<span class="zhuanming">河東郡</span><span class="zhuanming">平陽縣</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山西</span><span class="zhuanming">臨汾</span>西南）人。<span class="zhuanming">元狩</span>二年（前一二一）封爲驃騎將軍，<span class="zhuanming">元狩</span>六年（前一一七）病卒，年僅二十四歲。　<span class="zhuanming">居延</span>：故址在今<span class="zhuanming">内蒙古自治區</span><span class="zhuanming">額濟納旗</span>東南。按：<span class="zhuanming">元狩</span>二年（前一二一），<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>派驃騎將軍<span class="zhuanming">霍去病</span>攻打<span class="zhuanming">右匈奴</span>，繳獲<span class="zhuanming">休屠王</span>祭天的金人。<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>在<span class="zhuanming">隴西</span>地區的統治者<span class="zhuanming">休屠王</span>和<span class="zhuanming">昆邪王</span>謀降<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">休屠王</span>反悔，<span class="zhuanming">昆邪王</span>殺之，吞併其兵衆並降<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2205" id="2221">〔一一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">甘泉宫</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢代</span>古宫殿，爲<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>僅次於<span class="zhuanming">長安</span><span class="zhuanming">未央宫</span>的重要活動場所。<span class="shuming">讀史方輿紀要</span>卷五三引<span class="shuming">輿地志</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">甘泉山</span>有宫，<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>所作<span class="zhuanming">林光宫</span>，周匝十餘里。<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">元封</span>二年於<span class="zhuanming">林光宫</span>旁更作<span class="zhuanming">甘泉宫</span>。自是屢幸焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2206" id="2222">〔一二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>：<span class="shuming">西京雜記</span>卷一：「<span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>刻玉石爲魚，每至雷雨，魚常鳴吼，鬐尾皆動。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>世祭之以祈雨，往往有驗。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">武帝紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">元狩</span>三年春）發謫吏穿<span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">臣瓚</span>曰：「<span class="shuming">西南夷傳</span>有<span class="zhuanming">越嶲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">昆明國</span>，有<span class="zhuanming">滇池</span>，方三百里。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>使求<span class="zhuanming">身毒國</span>，而爲<span class="zhuanming">昆明</span>所閉。今欲伐之，故作<span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>象之，以習水戰，在<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>西南，周回四十里。」<span class="shuming">初學記</span>卷七引<span class="zhuanming">曹毗</span><span class="shuming">志怪</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>鑿<span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>，極深，悉是灰墨，無<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00364','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P364</span></i>復土，舉朝不解。以問<span class="zhuanming">東方朔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>曰：『臣愚，不足以知之，可試問<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>胡人。』帝以<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>不知，難以移問。至<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>時，外國道人入來<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，時有憶<span class="zhuanming">方朔</span>言者，乃試以<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>時灰墨問之。胡人云：『經云：天地大劫將盡，則劫燒。此劫燒之餘。』乃知<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>言有旨。」<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">竺法蘭</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>穿<span class="zhuanming">昆明池</span>底得黑灰，以問<span class="zhuanming">東方朔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朔</span>云：『不委，可問<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人。』後<span class="zhuanming">法蘭</span>既至，衆人追以問之。<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>云：『世界終盡，劫火洞燒，此灰是也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2207" id="2223">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">張騫</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">子文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢中郡</span><span class="zhuanming">成固</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">陝西省</span><span class="zhuanming">城固縣</span>）人，於<span class="zhuanming">建元</span>三年（前一三八）出使<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，<span class="zhuanming">元鼎</span>二年（前一一五）還，翌年卒。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">大宛列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>在<span class="zhuanming">大宛</span>西南二千餘里<span class="zhuanming">嬀水</span>南。其俗土著，有城屋，與<span class="zhuanming">大宛</span>同俗。無大君長，往往城邑置小長。其兵弱，畏戰。善賈市。及<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>西徙，攻敗之，皆臣畜<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>民多，可百餘萬。其都曰<span class="zhuanming">藍市城</span>，有市販賈諸物。其東南有<span class="zhuanming">身毒國</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">司馬貞</span><span class="shuming">索隱</span>：「身音乾，毒音篤。<span class="zhuanming">孟康</span>云：『即<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>也，所謂<span class="zhuanming">浮圖胡</span>也。』」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">大宛列傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">張騫</span>）曰：『臣在<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>時，見<span class="zhuanming">邛</span>竹杖﹑<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>布，問曰：「安得此？」<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>國人曰：「吾賈人往市之<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>。<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>在<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>東南可數千里。其俗土著，大與<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>同，而卑濕暑熱云。其人民乘象以戰。其國臨大水焉。」以<span class="zhuanming">騫</span>度之，<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>去<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>萬二千里，居<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>西南。今<span class="zhuanming">身毒國</span>又居<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>東南數千里，有<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>物，此其去<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>不遠矣。今使<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>，從<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>中，險，<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>人惡之；少北，則爲<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>所得；從<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>宜徑，又無寇。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2208" id="2224">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">浮圖</span>：又作「浮屠」﹑「佛圖」﹑「浮陀」等，佛教傳入<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>初期對佛教創始人<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>的<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>文譯名之一，意爲「覺者」。　<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>的音譯之一。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「詳夫<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之稱，異議糾紛，舊云<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>，或曰<span class="zhuanming">賢豆</span>，今從正音，宜云<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>。」按：山海經海内經：「<span class="zhuanming">天毒</span>，其人水居，偎人愛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00365','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P365</span></i>人。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">天毒</span>即<span class="zhuanming">天竺國</span>，貴道德，有文書﹑金銀﹑錢貨，<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>出此國中。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">大興</span>四年，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>胡王來朝獻珍寶。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2209" id="2225">〔一五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>：公元前三世紀至公元後一世紀古民族。早期以遊牧爲生，住在<span class="zhuanming">北亞</span>，其後西遷至<span class="zhuanming">中亞</span>，慢慢具有國家的雛型。後一分爲二：西遷至<span class="zhuanming">伊犂</span>的，被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>；南遷至今<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span>及<span class="zhuanming">青海</span>一帶的，被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">小月支</span>。<span class="shuming">三國志</span>卷三○<span class="zhuanming">裴松之</span>注引<span class="shuming">魏略</span><span class="shuming">西戎傳</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">漢哀帝</span><span class="zhuanming">元壽</span>元年博士弟子<span class="zhuanming">景盧</span>受<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>王使<span class="zhuanming">伊存</span>口授<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>經。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「及開<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，遣<span class="zhuanming">張騫</span>使<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>還，傳其旁有<span class="zhuanming">身毒國</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，始聞有<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>之教。<span class="zhuanming">哀帝</span><span class="zhuanming">元壽</span>元年，博士弟子<span class="zhuanming">秦景憲</span>受<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>王使<span class="zhuanming">伊存</span>口授<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>經，中土聞之，未之信了也。後<span class="zhuanming">孝明帝</span>夜夢金人，頂有白光，飛行殿庭，乃訪群臣，<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>始以佛對。帝遣郎中<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>﹑博士弟子<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>等使於<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，寫<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>遺範。<span class="zhuanming">愔</span>仍與沙門<span class="zhuanming">攝摩騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>東還<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>有沙門及跪拜之法，自此始也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2210" id="2226">〔一六〕</a>緬：遥遠﹑久遠。</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「在昔<span class="zhuanming">菴園</span>按地，<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲</span>騰光<a class="zhuhao" href="#2230" id="2227">〔一〕</a>。聖衆滿於虚空，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">維摩居士</span>以方丈室性，<span class="zhuanming">菴園</span>見佛。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>説<span class="shuming">法華經</span>於<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span>，放光動地。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【菴園】菴羅果名，<span class="shuming">記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">吠室釐城</span>，其南不遠有精舍立塔，是<span class="zhuanming">菴羅女園</span>持以施佛處也。【騰】馳也，傳也。</span> <span>道場周於法界。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">法華會上，三變土田，周于法界也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2231" id="2228">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">姬</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>之典，于何不載？<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>之人，未嘗預會。將無<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>頗歟？傳者張歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#2232" id="2229">〔三〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛既放光，周遍法界，何故<span class="zhuanming">京洛</span>無有見聞之者？爲如<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>化有偏頗，爲如傳者開張虚誕乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姬孔】<span class="zhuanming">周<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00366','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P366</span></i>公</span>與<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>之教，何不説也。【載】音再，書事曰載。【秦洛】<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>時西都郡﹑東城周，故曰<span class="zhuanming">秦洛</span>。【頗】音叵，偏也。【誕】音彈，欺也。又徒旦切。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2227" id="2230">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">菴園</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">菴没羅園</span>，亦譯<span class="zhuanming">庵羅樹園</span>等，在古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>之<span class="zhuanming">毗耶離國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">庵羅樹女</span>所獻，佛於此説<span class="shuming">維摩經</span>。<span class="shuming">維摩詰經</span><span class="shuming">佛國品</span>：「佛在<span class="zhuanming">毗耶離</span><span class="zhuanming">庵羅樹園</span>，與大比丘衆八千人俱。」　按地：<span class="shuming">方廣大莊嚴經</span>卷九：「佛以指按地，即時六種動。」　<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲</span>：在古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>之東北，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">耆闍崛</span>。山中多鷲，故名。或云山形像鷲頭而得名。佛曾在此講<span class="shuming">法華</span>等經，故佛教以爲聖地。又簡稱<span class="zhuanming">靈山</span>或<span class="zhuanming">鷲峰</span>。　騰光：閃射出光彩，光華四溢。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">招魂</span>：「蛾眉曼睩，目騰光些。」佛經中是指佛説法前出現的一種異相。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2228" id="2231">〔二〕</a>三變土田：見<span class="shuming">法華經</span><span class="shuming">見寶塔品</span>。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦如來</span>之十方分身佛，各將一菩薩，爲供養多寶塔，來<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">釋迦如來</span>以神力，三變穢土而爲浄土：初變<span class="zhuanming">娑婆</span>一世界，次變二百萬億那由他之國，後更變二百萬億那由他之國爲浄土。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2229" id="2232">〔三〕</a>將無：莫非。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">德行</span>：「太保居在<span class="zhuanming">正始</span>中，不在能言之流；及與之言，理中清遠。將無以德掩其言？」　頗：偏頗，不公正。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公二年</span>：「君刑已頗，何以爲盟主？」　張：虚張，誇張。<span class="zhuanming">皇甫謐</span><span class="shuming">三都賦序</span>：「虚張異類，託有於無。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「魚潛不知乎水，人陸不覩其風。非可知而知，居之而不知也；非可見而見，居之而不見也。況方諸酌月，非方諸則謂無月矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2256" id="2233">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">方諸者，<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>云：「水鏡也。十一月壬子日夜半子時，煉五方石，鑄如盤盂，向月得水也。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>云：「陰燧似大蛤，熟摩拭以向月，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00367','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P367</span></i>水下得數石也。」</span> <span>陽燧爍日，非陽燧則謂無日乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2257" id="2234">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有珠映日光，以艾蒿承之則得火，謂之陽燧。又有以流黄等藥鑄鏡，承日亦出火，承月出水。圓者號陽燧，方者號方諸。日月恒而方諸等忽闕，則水火不獲，如佛普現而無緣者或不覩聞也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陽燧】下音遂，取火具。【承日】月字悮。</span> <span>寔由靈變在心而外應乎物<a class="zhuhao" href="#2258" id="2235">〔三〕</a>，惟心之不變者，其何得耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三界唯心，萬法唯識。心變而覩物，無虚起也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『心不在焉，視而不見，聽而不聞，食而不知其味。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2259" id="2236">〔四〕</a>故知昔信不在彼，非宜聞見也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔此方人未信故，或縱覩光門地動，不以爲意，故不記也。</span> <span>縱有抱信獨得者言之，則人責之以詭妄焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">衆所無緣，不覩；其或有緣之士獨得見聞，則人必責之以怪妄，豈能共信者也？</span> <span>加乎歲序曠矣，編簡漏矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2260" id="2237">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">而況年代綿歷，書册亡墜，豈能備知？</span> <span>或<span class="zhuanming">周</span>史知非中國之事，故乃不書也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">凡爲史官，各記本國之事。此非中國之事，又君子慎疑，故不書也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">孔聖</span>嫌無受道之器，故不語也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嫌，謙也。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>謙己無受道之器，故不欲言。</span> <span>豈以闕於史記則謂無歟？夫折柱<a class="zhuhao" href="#2261" id="2238">〔六〕</a>﹑立極<a class="zhuhao" href="#2262" id="2239">〔七〕</a>﹑貫虹<a class="zhuhao" href="#2263" id="2240">〔八〕</a>﹑夾烏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2264" id="2241">〔九〕</a>﹑騰娥<a class="zhuhao" href="#2265" id="2242">〔一○〕</a>﹑昏見繞樞<a class="zhuhao" href="#2266" id="2243">〔一一〕</a>﹑騎尾<a class="zhuhao" href="#2267" id="2244">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">女媧</span>與<span class="zhuanming">共工氏</span>争天下，頭觸<span class="zhuanming">不周山</span>，天柱折也；又斷鼇足以立極；又<span class="zhuanming">女媧</span>感虹光貫日而生<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>；<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時有雲如赤鳥，夾日而飛三日；又<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>請不死之藥於<span class="zhuanming">西王母</span>，<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>妻<span class="zhuanming">恒娥</span>竊之以奔月中也。出<span class="shuming">易略</span>。又電繞樞星而<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>生；又<span class="zhuanming">傅<a class="zhuhao" href="#2268" id="2245">〔一三〕</a>説</span>死，精神上爲星，同於列宿，在尾宿上，故云騎。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鼇】音敖，巨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2269" id="2246">〔一四〕</a>龜也。【騎】音奇，跨也，乘也。【又女媧】應云<span class="zhuanming">女樞</span>，媧悮。【傅説】下音悦，天有<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>星。</span> <span>而覆載是一，三光攸同<a class="zhuhao" href="#2270" id="2247">〔一五〕</a>。彼<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>不見不書，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00368','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P368</span></i>則誠亦謂<span class="zhuanming">華</span>言爲不實歟？若彼疑果非，則此疑何是？若彼信爲實，則此信何虚？然<span class="zhuanming">華夏</span>六典，敦簡務要，嬰於<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>滅，尚不備聞<a class="zhuhao" href="#2271" id="2248">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古之書籍，本以簡要。又遭暴<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>焚爇，往事豈得備聞乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覆載】上音副，下音再。運覆載天地也。【三光】日月星。【六典】<span class="shuming">尚書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">周易</span>﹑<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">春秋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">周禮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮記</span>。【敦】都昆切，迫也，厚也。【焚爇】二皆燒也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>二世，<span class="shuming">尚書</span>但存數篇<a class="zhuhao" href="#2272" id="2249">〔一七〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但存<span class="shuming">堯典</span>等五篇。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【唐虞】<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>。【五篇】<span class="shuming">堯典</span>﹑<span class="shuming">舜典</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>﹑<span class="shuming">皋陶謨</span>﹑<span class="shuming">益稷</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">商</span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>盛化，<span class="shuming">詩頌</span>能餘幾什<a class="zhuhao" href="#2273" id="2250">〔一八〕</a>？此重刑德，猶有所闕<a class="zhuhao" href="#2274" id="2251">〔一九〕</a>，況彼象外，所逸而能備哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2275" id="2252">〔二○〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詩頌能餘幾什】<span class="shuming">殷頌</span>五篇，<span class="shuming">周公夏</span>三十一篇。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>師<span class="zhuanming">尹壽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>事<span class="zhuanming">務光</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2276" id="2253">〔二一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>亦所不載。<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>言道，見乎<span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五經不言，並出<span class="shuming">莊子</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>知禮，存乎<span class="zhuanming">戴聖</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">戴德</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">近君</span>，傳<span class="shuming">禮</span>，號<span class="shuming">大戴禮</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">信都</span>太傅。<span class="zhuanming">戴聖</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">次君</span>，傳<span class="shuming">禮</span>，號<span class="shuming">小戴禮</span>，以博士論<span class="zhuanming">石渠</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">九江</span>太守<a class="zhuhao" href="#2277" id="2254">〔二二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戴聖】<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>知<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>言道，<span class="zhuanming">戴聖</span>知<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>論禮。若非<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>知<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>知<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，豈知對<span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>曾責<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>？【字近君】<span class="shuming">儒林傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">戴德</span>字<span class="zhuanming">延君</span>，請詳<a class="zhuhao" href="#2278" id="2255">〔二三〕</a>。</span> <span>向使此書煨燼，則豈知二聖窮禮知道耶？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若在暴<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>焚盡，則此豈能窮之乎！<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【煨燼】上烏回切，盆中火；下才進切，火餘木也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2233" id="2256">〔一〕</a>方諸：古代在月下承露取水的器具。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">覽冥訓</span>：「夫陽燧取火於日，方諸取露於月。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2234" id="2257">〔二〕</a>陽燧：古代利用日光取火的凹面銅鏡。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">秋官</span><span class="shuming">司烜氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">司烜氏</span>掌以夫遂取明火於日，以鑒。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「夫遂，陽遂也。」<span class="zhuanming">賈公彦</span>疏：「以其日者，太陽之精，取火於日，故名陽遂。」<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷二<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00369','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P369</span></i><span class="shuming">率性</span>：「陽遂取火於天，五月丙午日中之時，消鍊五石，鑄以爲器，磨礪生光，仰以嚮日，則火來至。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2235" id="2258">〔三〕</a>靈變：神奇莫測的變化。<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span><span class="shuming">答伏義書</span>：「靈變神化者，非局器所能察矣！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2236" id="2259">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">大學</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2237" id="2260">〔五〕</a>歲序：歲月。<span class="zhuanming">王僧達</span><span class="shuming">答顔延年</span>：「聿來歲序暄，輕雲出東岑。」　曠：謂歷時長久。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2238" id="2261">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">天文訓</span>：「昔者，<span class="zhuanming">共工</span>與<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>争爲帝，怒而觸<span class="zhuanming">不周之山</span>，天柱折，地維絶。天傾西北，故日月星辰移焉；地不滿東南，故水潦塵埃歸焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2239" id="2262">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">覽冥訓</span>：「往古之時，四極廢，九州裂，天不兼覆，地不周載，火焰炎而不滅，水浩洋而不息。猛獸食顓民，鷙鳥攫老弱。於是<span class="zhuanming">女媧</span>煉五色石以補蒼天，斷鼇足以立四極，殺黑龍以濟<span class="zhuanming">冀州</span>，積蘆灰以止淫水。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2240" id="2263">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">金樓子</span>卷一<span class="shuming">興王篇</span>：「帝<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span><span class="zhuanming">高陽氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>之孫，<span class="zhuanming">昌意</span>之子。母曰<span class="zhuanming">女樞</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金天氏</span>之末，摇光之星貫月如虹，感<span class="zhuanming">女樞</span>於幽房之宫，右脅，有九色毛，生<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2241" id="2264">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公六年</span>：「是歲也，有雲如衆赤鳥，夾日以飛三日。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">楚世家</span>：「十月，<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>病於軍中，有赤雲如鳥，夾日而蜚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2242" id="2265">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">准南子</span><span class="shuming">覽冥訓</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>請不死之藥於<span class="zhuanming">西王母</span>，<span class="zhuanming">姮娥</span>竊以奔月，悵然有喪，無以續之。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">姮娥</span>，<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>妻；<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>請不死藥於<span class="zhuanming">西王母</span>，未及服食之，<span class="zhuanming">姮娥</span>盜食之，得仙，奔入月中爲月精也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2243" id="2266">〔一一〕</a>昏見：在天剛昏黑時。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">五帝本紀</span>「黄帝者」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「母曰<span class="zhuanming">附寶</span>，之<span class="zhuanming">祁</span>野，見大電繞北斗樞星，感而懷孕，二十四月而生<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>於<span class="zhuanming">壽丘</span>。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00370','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P370</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2244" id="2267">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">大宗師</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>得之，以相<span class="zhuanming">武丁</span>，奄有天下，乘東維，騎箕尾，而比於列星。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>，星精也。而<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>一星在箕尾上，然箕尾則是二十八宿之數，維持東方，故言乘東維，騎箕尾。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>引<span class="shuming">星經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>一星在尾上，言其乘東維，騎箕尾之間也。」<span class="zhuanming">崔譔</span>注曰：「<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>死，其精神乘東維，託龍尾，乃列宿。」<span class="zhuanming">曹植</span><span class="shuming">辨道論</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>上爲辰尾宿，歲星降下爲<span class="zhuanming">東方朔</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2245" id="2268">〔一三〕</a>傅：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「傳」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2246" id="2269">〔一四〕</a>巨：原誤作「亘」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2247" id="2270">〔一五〕</a>覆載：指天地。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">外戚傳下</span><span class="shuming">孝成班倢伃</span>：「猶被覆載之厚德兮，不廢捐於罪郵。」　三光：日﹑月﹑星。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">説劍</span>：「上法圓天以順三光，下法方地以順四時，中和民意以安四鄉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2248" id="2271">〔一六〕</a>嬰：遭遇。<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">後漢紀</span>：「今我元元，嬰此饑饉。」　備聞：盡知。<span class="zhuanming">鍾會</span><span class="shuming">檄蜀文</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">蜀侯</span>見禽於<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">公孫述</span>授首於<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，九州之險，是非一姓。此皆諸君所備聞也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2249" id="2272">〔一七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>二世：指<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>與<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>的時代，古人心中理想的太平盛世。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之際，於斯爲盛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2250" id="2273">〔一八〕</a>盛化：榮盛的教化。<span class="zhuanming">董仲舒</span><span class="shuming">春秋繁露</span>卷五<span class="shuming">正貫</span>：「聲響盛化運於物，散入於理，德在天地，神明休集，並行而不竭，盈於四海而頌詠。」　什：指書篇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2251" id="2274">〔一九〕</a>刑德：刑罰與教化。<span class="shuming">韓非子</span><span class="shuming">二柄</span>：「何謂刑德？曰：殺戮之謂刑，慶賞之謂德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2252" id="2275">〔二○〕</a>象外：謂塵世之外。<span class="zhuanming">錢起</span><span class="shuming">過瑞龍觀道士</span>：「得兹象外趣，便割區中緣。」<span class="zhuanming">寒山</span>詩<span class="shuming">寒山唯白雲</span>（二九二）：「自羡幽居樂，長爲象外人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2253" id="2276">〔二一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">尹壽</span>：傳説是<span class="zhuanming">河陽</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">孟縣</span>）人，因博學多才而被召爲<span class="zhuanming">帝堯</span>之師。　<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>：傳説中<span class="zhuanming">夏</span><span class="zhuanming">商</span>時的<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00371','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P371</span></i>隱士。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">外物</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>與<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>天下，<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>逃之。<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>與<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>，<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>怒之。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">伯夷列傳</span>：「及<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>之時，有<span class="zhuanming">卞隨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>者，此何以稱焉？」<span class="shuming">列仙傳</span>卷上有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2254" id="2277">〔二二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">戴德</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">延君</span>。<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">經典釋文</span>卷一：「<span class="zhuanming">戴德</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">延君</span>，号<span class="zhuanming">大戴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">信都</span>太傅。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷八八<span class="shuming">儒林傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孟卿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東海</span>人也。事<span class="zhuanming">蕭奮</span>，以授<span class="zhuanming">后倉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">閭丘卿</span>。<span class="zhuanming">倉</span>説<span class="shuming">禮</span>數萬言，號曰<span class="shuming">后氏曲臺記</span>，授<span class="zhuanming">沛</span><span class="zhuanming">聞人通漢</span><span class="zhuanming">子方</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">戴德</span><span class="zhuanming">延君</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">戴聖</span><span class="zhuanming">次君</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">沛</span><span class="zhuanming">慶普</span><span class="zhuanming">孝公</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孝公</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">東平</span>太傅。<span class="zhuanming">德</span>號<span class="zhuanming">大戴</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">信都</span>太傅；<span class="zhuanming">聖</span>號<span class="zhuanming">小戴</span>，以博士論<span class="zhuanming">石渠</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">九江</span>太守。由是<span class="shuming">禮</span>有<span class="zhuanming">大戴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">小戴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慶氏</span>之學。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2255" id="2278">〔二三〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">戴德</span>字<span class="zhuanming">延君</span>。<span class="zhuanming">近君</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">后倉</span>字。後者爲<span class="zhuanming">戴德</span>學<span class="shuming">禮</span>之老師（參前注引<span class="shuming">漢書</span>），<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注當由此致誤。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷八八<span class="shuming">儒林傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">后蒼</span>字<span class="zhuanming">近君</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東海</span><span class="zhuanming">郯</span>人也。事<span class="zhuanming">夏侯始昌</span>。<span class="zhuanming">始昌</span>通<span class="shuming">五經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒼</span>亦通<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">禮</span>，爲博士，至少府。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>至國，人追黑灰以訊之。<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>云：『劫燒之餘灰也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2280" id="2279">〔一〕</a>。』而實獲其事歟？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">實是劫火灰耶？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【訊】音信，問也，告也。【劫燒】下音少，放火也。壞劫有三，若火爲災，焚燒器界劫燒。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2279" id="2280">〔一〕</a>劫燒：佛教謂世界毁滅時大火燃燒至二禪天。<span class="zhuanming">干寶</span><span class="shuming">搜神記</span>卷一三：「經云：『天地大劫將盡，則劫燒。』」事見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">竺法蘭傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「言存人往，焉識其心？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此言傳來雖存，其人已無。安能知彼所答之意心在於何？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【焉】於乾切，何也，安也，語辭也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：『情欲信，辯欲巧。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2287" id="2281">〔一〕</a>是辯也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此之所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00372','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P372</span></i>答，但是<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>之辯對也。</span> <span>或亦貞而不諒也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貞，正也。諒，信也。意雖正，言未必執信也。</span> <span>夫劫火所焚<a class="zhuhao" href="#2288" id="2282">〔二〕</a>，大地悉盡。然既却復，安有燼乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">劫火之際，大地炎輝。燒至<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2289" id="2283">〔三〕</a>，然後却復，豈有灰燼也？是知劫火無灰也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>以<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之智，非至凶不爲侮，故遠取<span class="zhuanming">東陵</span>，寓辭見意，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">盜跖</span>居<span class="zhuanming">東陵</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【侮】慢也，侵也。【寓辭】寄也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>亦以<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之玄，非駭耳不爲變，故託劫燒開闢其教<a class="zhuhao" href="#2290" id="2284">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人以驚聽爲異，故將開化，以此亦權而動之。</span> <span>蓋君子以德義爲信也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子義然後信，信近於義，言可復也。</span> <span>若使只言常火，則<span class="zhuanming">曼倩</span>豈將讓歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曼倩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">方朔</span>字。向若答以只言是常火，則豈扶於<span class="zhuanming">方朔</span>所讓乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曼倩】上音萬，下音茜。<span class="zhuanming">東方朔</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">曼倩</span>。</span> <span>故摭無以導實，廢近以徵遠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其欲化之，故先權指於無而誘之。廢近，常火。遠徵，劫火。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【摭】，音隻，拾也。</span> <span>使人渴聞其所新，而欲誘之於善也。夫渴聞則致疑，致疑則必求詣理，理詣則不遠而復<a class="zhuhao" href="#2291" id="2285">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">詣，實也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誘】導也，引也。【詣】至也。</span> <span>其若虞機張省筈得于度也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2292" id="2286">〔六〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太甲文也。機，弩牙也。虞，度也。將發箭，先度。其機合，發之必中。若將開化導，須使必歸也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虞機】上度也，下樞要也。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：謂主發之機，若虞機張。【省筈】上息井切，察也，審也；下聒﹑闊二音，箭受弦處也。括悮。【弩牙】<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>人，言爲政之道，如<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>人射獸，先弩牙以張，省視箭筈，度於所射之處，乃釋弦，謂政教已陳，當以己心省此所施，合於群下，後乃施之。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2281" id="2287">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">表記</span>：「子曰：情欲信，辭欲巧。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00373','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P373</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2282" id="2288">〔二〕</a>劫火：謂壞劫之末所起的大火。<span class="shuming">仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經</span>卷下：「劫火洞然，大千俱壞。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2283" id="2289">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>：<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>中的<span class="zhuanming">初禪天</span>，包括<span class="zhuanming">梵衆天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梵輔天</span>和<span class="zhuanming">大梵天</span>。<span class="zhuanming">江總</span><span class="shuming">鐘銘</span>：「舟移巨壑，火壞<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2284" id="2290">〔四〕</a>駭耳：使人聽後感到震驚。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷八<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span><span class="shuming">上林賦</span>：「鏗鎗闛鞈，洞心駭耳。」<span class="zhuanming">李周翰</span>注：「言可通心驚耳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2285" id="2291">〔五〕</a>詣：符合。詣理：合理。<span class="zhuanming">權德輿</span><span class="shuming">司徒張公集序</span>：「其餘贊勳閥，表丘隴，銘器叙事，放言詣理，皆與作者方駕。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2286" id="2292">〔六〕</a>省：檢查。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷四上：「省，視也。」　機：這裏指弩上發箭的含矢處和鉤弦制動的機件。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷六上：「主發謂之機。」　筈：箭尾，即射時搭在弓弦上的部分。</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「佛出於<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>，教被<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>人。華風爲<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>，不亦陋哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2294" id="2293">〔一〕</a>？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2293" id="2294">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">戎</span>：古代稱西部民族。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">蜀書</span><span class="shuming">諸葛亮傳</span>：「西和諸<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>。」　華風：指中原的風俗。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷七四<span class="shuming">魯爽傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">魯爽</span>）幼染殊俗，無復華風。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「無然之矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2306" id="2295">〔一〕</a>！無然之矣！君子所居，尚不爲陋，何言聖人歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#2307" id="2296">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">論語</span>：「子欲之九<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>。或曰：『陋，如之何？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『君子居之，何陋之有？』」君子尚爾，聖人居之即化，固不爲陋。</span> <span>夫『皇天無親，惟德是輔』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2308" id="2297">〔三〕</a>，『學無常師，主善爲師』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2309" id="2298">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">主，親也。有善則從意而從之。</span> <span>天下之善，一也。安可以隄封爲限哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2310" id="2299">〔五〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但以利濟爲心，豈以封域爲限？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隄】音仾，隄封也，國之疆界也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">大禹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">姬文</span>，聖王也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大禹</span>出<span class="zhuanming">西羌</span>，生於<span class="zhuanming">石紐</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2311" id="2300">〔六〕</a>，今<span class="zhuanming">茂州路</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">周<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00374','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P374</span></i>文</span>生於<span class="zhuanming">邠</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">戎羌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2312" id="2301">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【石紐】下女久切，<span class="zhuanming">川</span>中地名。【茂州】<span class="zhuanming">通化郡</span>，屬<span class="zhuanming">益</span>也。【邠】<span class="zhuanming">邠州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">新平郡</span><span class="zhuanming">鳳翔</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">由余</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">日磾</span>，賢臣也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">由余</span>，<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>使。至<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>築宫室，<span class="zhuanming">由余</span>譏之云：「若非鬼工，則須人造也。」<span class="zhuanming">金日磾</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2313" id="2302">〔八〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>時蕃人，在<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>宫，甚賢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由余】<span class="shuming">史記</span>序<span class="zhuanming">由余</span>見<span class="zhuanming">秦穆公</span>，譏<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>宫室。注云<span class="zhuanming">阿房宫</span>者，悮。【日磾】上音實，下音仾，<span class="zhuanming">休屠王</span>子，示<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>賢之，七世傳序之。【譏之】幾字悮。</span> <span>生不在中夏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2314" id="2303">〔九〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">太康</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周幽</span>，荒君也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2315" id="2304">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">太康</span>，<span class="zhuanming">夏王</span>。好田遊，五子作歌以諫之，十旬不返也。<span class="zhuanming">周幽王</span>寵<span class="zhuanming">褒姒</span>以滅身也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大康】<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>第三主，太字悮。【褒姒】上博毛切，姓也；下音祀。長婦曰褒，幼婦曰姒。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">寒浞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">申侯</span>，悖臣也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">寒浞</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伯明氏</span>之讒子弟也，滅<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>而立，<span class="zhuanming">申侯</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">周幽王</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寒浞】下士角切，滅<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>者也。</span> <span>生不在四夷<a class="zhuhao" href="#2316" id="2305">〔一一〕</a>。豈以邦域而論賢鄙哉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2295" id="2306">〔一〕</a>無然：不是這樣。<span class="zhuanming">王符</span><span class="shuming">潛夫論</span>卷一<span class="shuming">務本</span>：「今賦頌之徒，苟爲饒辯屈蹇之辭，競陳誣罔無然之事，以索見怪於世。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2296" id="2307">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子欲居九夷。或曰：『陋，如之何？』子曰：『君子居之，何陋之有？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2297" id="2308">〔三〕</a>出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">蔡仲之命</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2298" id="2309">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">咸有一德</span>：「德無常師，主善爲師。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2299" id="2310">〔五〕</a>隄封：堤岸。隄，通「堤」。<span class="zhuanming">隋代</span><span class="shuming">宋永貴墓誌銘</span>：「堤封峻而不測，牆宇高而不窺。」這裏指疆域的界限。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2300" id="2311">〔六〕</a>紐：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「細」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00375','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P375</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2301" id="2312">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">西羌</span>：現<span class="zhuanming">四川省</span><span class="zhuanming">綿陽市</span><span class="zhuanming">北川羌族自治縣</span>境内。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">夏本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span>，名曰<span class="zhuanming">文命</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>引<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">蜀王本紀</span>云：「『<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>本<span class="zhuanming">汶山郡</span><span class="zhuanming">廣柔縣</span>人也，生於<span class="zhuanming">石紐</span>。』<span class="shuming">括地志</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">茂州</span><span class="zhuanming">汶川縣</span><span class="zhuanming">石紐山</span>在縣西七十三里。<span class="shuming">華陽國志</span>云：『今夷人共營其地，方百里不敢居牧，至今猶不敢放六畜。』」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">周本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">弃</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「因<span class="zhuanming">太王</span>所居<span class="zhuanming">周原</span>，因號曰<span class="zhuanming">周</span>。<span class="shuming">地理志</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">右扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">美陽縣</span><span class="zhuanming">岐山</span>在西北<span class="zhuanming">中水鄉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周太王</span>所邑。』<span class="shuming">括地志</span>云：『故<span class="zhuanming">周城</span>一名<span class="zhuanming">美陽城</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span><span class="zhuanming">武功縣</span>西北二十五里，即<span class="zhuanming">太王城</span>也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2302" id="2313">〔八〕</a>磾：原誤作「碑」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2303" id="2314">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">秦本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>王使<span class="zhuanming">由余</span>於<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。<span class="zhuanming">由余</span>，其先<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人也，亡入<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>，能<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>言。聞<span class="zhuanming">繆公</span>賢，故使<span class="zhuanming">由余</span>觀<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦繆公</span>示以宫室﹑積聚。<span class="zhuanming">由余</span>曰：『使鬼爲之，則勞神矣。使人爲之，亦苦民矣。』」　<span class="zhuanming">金日磾</span>：<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span><span class="zhuanming">休屠王</span>太子。深受<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>信任，因功封侯。<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">金</span>與<span class="zhuanming">霍光</span>同受命輔政。　中夏：指華夏。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">東都賦</span>：「目中夏而布德，瞰四裔而抗稜。」<span class="zhuanming">吕向</span>注：「中夏，中國。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2304" id="2315">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">夏本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夏后</span><span class="zhuanming">帝啓</span>崩，子帝<span class="zhuanming">太康</span>立。帝<span class="zhuanming">太康</span>失國，昆弟五人，須于<span class="zhuanming">洛汭</span>，作<span class="shuming">五子之歌</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔安國</span>曰：『盤于遊田，不恤民事，爲<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>所逐，不得反國。』」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">周本紀</span>：「三年，<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>嬖愛<span class="zhuanming">襃姒</span>。……<span class="zhuanming">襃姒</span>不好笑，<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>欲其笑萬方，故不笑。<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>爲烽燧大鼓，有寇至則舉烽火。諸侯悉至，至而無寇，<span class="zhuanming">襃姒</span>乃大笑。<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>説之，爲數舉烽火。其後不信，諸侯益亦不至。<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>以<span class="zhuanming">虢石父</span>爲卿，用事，國人皆怨。<span class="zhuanming">石父</span>爲人佞巧，善諛好利，王用之。又廢<span class="zhuanming">申后</span>，去太子也。<span class="zhuanming">申侯</span>怒，與<span class="zhuanming">繒</span>﹑西夷<span class="zhuanming">犬戎</span>攻<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>舉烽火徵兵，兵莫至。遂殺<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span><span class="zhuanming">驪山</span>下，虜<span class="zhuanming">襃姒</span>，盡取<span class="zhuanming">周</span>賂而去。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00376','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P376</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2305" id="2316">〔一一〕</a>悖：悖逆。　<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公四年</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">有夏</span>之方衰也，<span class="zhuanming">后羿</span>自<span class="zhuanming">鉏</span>遷于<span class="zhuanming">窮石</span>，因<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>民以代<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>政。恃其射也，不脩民事而淫于原獸。棄<span class="zhuanming">武羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯因</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">熊髡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">尨圉</span>而用<span class="zhuanming">寒浞</span>。<span class="zhuanming">寒浞</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伯明氏</span>之讒子弟也。<span class="zhuanming">伯明后</span><span class="zhuanming">寒</span>棄之，<span class="zhuanming">夷羿</span>收之，信而使之，以爲己相。<span class="zhuanming">浞</span>行媚于内而施賂于外，愚弄其民而虞<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>于田，樹之詐慝，虞<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>以取其國家，外内咸服。<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>猶不悛，將歸自田，家衆殺而亨之，以食其子。其子不忍食諸，死于<span class="zhuanming">窮門</span>。<span class="zhuanming">靡</span>奔<span class="zhuanming">有鬲氏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">浞</span>因<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>室，生<span class="zhuanming">澆</span>及<span class="zhuanming">豷</span>，恃其讒慝詐僞而不德于民。使<span class="zhuanming">澆</span>用師，滅<span class="zhuanming">斟灌</span>及<span class="zhuanming">斟尋氏</span>。處<span class="zhuanming">澆</span>于<span class="zhuanming">過</span>，處<span class="zhuanming">豷</span>于<span class="zhuanming">戈</span>。<span class="zhuanming">靡</span>自<span class="zhuanming">有鬲氏</span>，收二國之燼，以滅<span class="zhuanming">浞</span>而立<span class="zhuanming">少康</span>。」　四夷：對四方少數民族輕蔑的統稱。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">畢命</span>：「四夷左衽，罔不咸賴。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「言<span class="zhuanming">東夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">西戎</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南蠻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">北狄</span>被髮左衽之人，無不皆恃賴三君之德。」</span> </p><p> <span>「而<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>登<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>適<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>登<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>，問道<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>適<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>，尋<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2328" id="2317">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span>俱貴其所聞，慕其所同，而後往也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">同聲相應，同道相求。</span> <span>夫胡馬服皂，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皂，隸，養馬賤職。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【服皂】服，養也。下馬櫪也，俗云皂。</span> <span>胡樂張廷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如琵琶<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>笛等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羌笛】<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>時<span class="zhuanming">丘仲</span>所作，今長者曰<span class="zhuanming">羌</span>笛。</span> <span>胡琮充府<a class="zhuhao" href="#2329" id="2318">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">琮，璧，出異域。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【琮】瑞玉也，玉多出<span class="zhuanming">于闐</span>。藏宗切。</span> <span>未則云陋耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【未則】未，不也。有本末字，悮。</span> <span>故希出俗之道<a class="zhuhao" href="#2330" id="2319">〔三〕</a>，當爲背俗之儀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">圓頂方袍也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2331" id="2320">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>處其儀而不欲勉其道者，中才已上適恥也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2332" id="2321">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">處無塵之地，作背俗之儀，不能進德脩業，而遑遑於財利之鄉，上士顧之恥也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【適】足也，悟也。【遑】不暇也。古本云煌煌者，悮。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">孔聖</span>云『不敢毁傷』者，蓋言爲眚<a class="zhuhao" href="#2333" id="2322">〔六〕</a>，召害之誡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">眚，過也。害，災也。<span class="shuming">孝經</span>：「身體髮膚，不敢<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00377','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P377</span></i>毁傷。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2334" id="2323">〔七〕</a>蓋誡其過害也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【眚】所景切，過也，災也。【害】禍也。</span> <span>至若<span class="zhuanming">泰伯</span>以斷髮爲至德，<span class="zhuanming">預讓</span>以漆身爲秉忠<a class="zhuhao" href="#2335" id="2324">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">泰伯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周太王</span>之長子。以幼弟<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>賢，又生聖子<span class="zhuanming">文王</span><span class="zhuanming">昌</span>，知其必有天下，遂避之適<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，翦髮文身。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>以之爲至德也。<span class="shuming">史記</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">趙襄子</span>殺<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">預讓</span>思爲<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>報之。<span class="zhuanming">襄子</span>知，令國人逐之。<span class="zhuanming">預讓</span>乃漆身以變形，吞炭以改聲而入其國。」<span class="shuming">史記</span>以爲忠，則斷髮變形，未爲不忠不孝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泰伯】<span class="zhuanming">周太王</span>長子。【預讓】爲<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>報讎，宜作豫。</span> <span>其能立德揚名，何嘗以全髮膚之爲孝也？由是華夏古今知其厚益，則而象之，不以變形儀則英賢廢，存冠服則家國興，故<span class="zhuanming">友</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瑗</span>不假簪紱<a class="zhuhao" href="#2336" id="2325">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季友</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">衛</span><span class="zhuanming">遽瑗</span>皆賢<a class="zhuhao" href="#2337" id="2326">〔一○〕</a>。二子之賢，豈因簪紱之致？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【簪紱】上側吟切，笄首也；下分勿切，綬也。【遽瑗】上音渠，下音院，<span class="zhuanming">衞</span>賢大夫也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">桓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">卯</span>不以髡赭<a class="zhuhao" href="#2338" id="2327">〔一一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桓魋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">少正卯</span>，皆不仁，豈因髡赭也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【桓魋】下音頽，<span class="zhuanming">桓司馬</span>也。【少正卯】<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>大夫也，亂政大夫也。【髡赭】上音坤，去髮也；下音者，赤染衣也。</span> <span>何榮此辱彼哉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2317" id="2328">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>問道<span class="zhuanming">廣成子</span>，見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">在宥</span>。文見<span class="shuming">合霸王</span>引。　<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">老子韓非列傳</span>：「於是<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>迺著書上下篇，言道德之意五千餘言而去，莫知其所終。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「<span class="shuming">列仙傳</span>曰：『關令<span class="zhuanming">尹喜</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>大夫也。善内學星宿，服精華，隱德行仁，時人莫知。<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>西游，<span class="zhuanming">喜</span>先見其氣，知真人當過，候物色而迹之，果得<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>亦知其奇，爲著書。與<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>俱之<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>之西，服巨勝實，莫知其所終。亦著書九篇，名<span class="shuming">關令子</span>。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2318" id="2329">〔二〕</a>服皂：伏櫪，伏於馬槽。　張：張樂，演奏。　琮：玉器。外邊八角，中間圓形，常用作祭地<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00378','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P378</span></i>的禮器。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2319" id="2330">〔三〕</a>出俗：指出家。<span class="shuming">周書</span>卷九<span class="shuming">皇后傳</span><span class="shuming">孝閔帝元皇后</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孝閔帝</span><span class="zhuanming">元皇后</span>名<span class="zhuanming">胡摩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魏文帝</span>第五女……（<span class="zhuanming">孝閔</span>）帝被廢，后出俗爲尼。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2320" id="2331">〔四〕</a>圓頂：又稱圓顱，即完成剃髮而呈現出家人之形相。　方袍：袈裟。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2321" id="2332">〔五〕</a>中才：中等才能。<span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span><span class="shuming">報任安書</span>：「夫以中才之人，事有關於宦豎，莫不傷氣，而況於慷慨之士乎？」這裏指中等才能的人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2322" id="2333">〔六〕</a>眚：眼睛生翳。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷四上：「眚，目病生翳也。」這裏是過失的意思。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2323" id="2334">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">孝經</span><span class="shuming">開宗明義章</span>：「身體髮膚，受之父母，不敢毁傷，孝之始也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2324" id="2335">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">泰伯</span>，其可謂至德也已矣。三以天下讓，民無得而稱焉。』」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">吴太伯世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">吴太伯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太伯</span>弟<span class="zhuanming">仲雍</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">周太王</span>之子，而<span class="zhuanming">王季歷</span>之兄也。<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>賢，而有聖子<span class="zhuanming">昌</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太王</span>欲立<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>以及<span class="zhuanming">昌</span>，於是<span class="zhuanming">太伯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲雍</span>二人乃犇<span class="zhuanming">荆蠻</span>，文身斷髮，示不可用，以避<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">江熙</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">太伯</span>少弟<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>生<span class="zhuanming">文王</span><span class="zhuanming">昌</span>，有聖德，<span class="zhuanming">太伯</span>知其必有天下，故欲傳國於<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>。以<span class="zhuanming">太王</span>病，託採藥於<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">越</span>，不反。<span class="zhuanming">太王</span>薨而<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>立，一讓也；<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>薨而<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>立，二讓也；<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>薨而<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>立，遂有天下，三讓也。』又釋云：<span class="zhuanming">太王</span>病，託採藥，生不事之以禮，一讓也；<span class="zhuanming">太王</span>薨而不反，使<span class="zhuanming">季歷</span>主喪，不葬之以禮，二讓也；斷髮文身，示不可用，使<span class="zhuanming">歷</span>主祭祀，不祭之以禮，三讓也。」　<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">刺客列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">豫讓</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人也，故嘗事<span class="zhuanming">范氏</span>及<span class="zhuanming">中行氏</span>，而無所知名。去而事<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>甚尊寵之。及<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">趙襄子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙襄子</span>與<span class="zhuanming">韓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>合謀滅<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>，滅<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>之後而三分其地。<span class="zhuanming">趙襄子</span>最怨<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>，漆其頭以爲飲器。<span class="zhuanming">豫讓</span>遁逃山中，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00379','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P379</span></i>曰：『嗟乎！士爲知己者死，女爲説己者容。今<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>知我，我必爲報讎而死，以報<span class="zhuanming">智伯</span>，則吾魂魄不愧矣。』乃變名姓爲刑人，入宫塗厠，中挾匕首，欲以刺<span class="zhuanming">襄子</span>。……居頃之，<span class="zhuanming">豫讓</span>又漆身爲厲，吞炭爲啞，使形狀不可知，行乞於市。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2325" id="2336">〔九〕</a>簪紱：冠簪和纓帶，爲官員的服飾。<span class="zhuanming">李頎</span><span class="shuming">裴尹東溪别業</span>：「始知物外情，簪紱同芻狗。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2326" id="2337">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">季友</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>人。見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公十六年</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">衛遽瑗</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「直哉<span class="zhuanming">史魚</span>！邦有道，如矢；邦無道，如矢。君子哉<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>！邦有道，則仕；邦無道，則可卷而懷之。」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公十四年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">文子</span>曰：『君忌我矣。弗先，必死。』并帑於戚而入，見<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>，曰：『君之暴虐，子所知也。大懼社稷之傾覆，將如之何？』對曰：『君制其國，臣敢奸之？雖奸之，庸知愈乎？』遂行，從近關出。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2327" id="2338">〔一一〕</a>髡：剃去頭髮的一種刑罰。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷九上：「髡，剃髮也。」　赭：赭衣。囚犯穿的赤褐色的衣服。　<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「子曰：『天生德於予，<span class="zhuanming">桓魋</span>其如予何？』」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>去<span class="zhuanming">曹</span>適<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，與弟子習禮大樹下。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>司馬<span class="zhuanming">桓魋</span>欲殺<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，拔其樹。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>去。弟子曰：『可以速矣。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『天生德於予，<span class="zhuanming">桓魋</span>其如予何！』」　<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">定公</span>十四年，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>年五十六，由大司寇行攝相事，有喜色。門人曰：『聞君子禍至不懼，福至不喜。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『有是言也。不曰「樂其以貴下人」乎？』於是誅<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>大夫亂政者<span class="zhuanming">少正卯</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>「昔<span class="zhuanming">趙武靈王</span>始變胡服<a class="zhuhao" href="#2344" id="2339">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">趙武靈王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">樓緩</span>曰：「吾欲胡服。」曰：「善。」群臣不欲。<span class="zhuanming">肥義</span>侍王，又告之曰：「吾欲胡服而恐後世將議寡人，奈何？」<span class="zhuanming">義</span>曰：「臣聞『疑事無功，疑行無名』，王既定負遺俗<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00380','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P380</span></i>之慮，治無顧天下之議矣。愚者闇於成事，智者見以未萌。然則王何疑焉？」於是遂胡服也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【始變胡服】今之靴帽是。【犯義】肥字是。<span class="zhuanming">武靈王</span>侍臣。諸本皆犯字，悮。【義矣】是此議字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>之後，漸改衣冠，所貴在治，建爲王度，記事記言，未見譏之者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2345" id="2340">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲政貴在治民，立其王度，未見譏其胡服也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【記事記言】左史記言，右史記事。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>非<span class="zhuanming">虞</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>之臣，而宗乎三代禮樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#2346" id="2341">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">越</span>非<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">衛</span>屬國，而行乎<span class="zhuanming">姬文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>之教。洎<span class="zhuanming">秦正</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">新室</span>所置百官刑政典法<a class="zhuhao" href="#2347" id="2342">〔四〕</a>，後世帝王多亦尋於時政，因而無替。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">正</span>，<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>。<span class="zhuanming">新室</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>。二雖無道，所置百官法度，或因而不改也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【刑政典法】古曰命，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>改爲奏，爾必因之。古曰令，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>改爲詔，後因之。古人通稱其朕，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>制一人，後因之。</span> <span>若以<span class="zhuanming">二世</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>同居中夏，故遞相沿襲，非彼絶域者，或則失於用天司牧之意也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2348" id="2343">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天生蒸民，樹之司牧。又云「用天之道，何限夷夏」也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遞】更代也，音第。【沿襲】上音緣，從流而下也；下音習，因也，及也，重也，合也。不革前政曰沿襲。【司牧】司，主也；牧，養也，察也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2339" id="2344">〔一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">趙世家</span>，文煩不録。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2340" id="2345">〔二〕</a>王度：猶王法。<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷三六<span class="shuming">謝超宗傳</span>：「何以糾正邦違，式明王度？」　記事記言：謂各種史書。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">藝文志</span>：「古之王者，世有史官，君舉必書，所以慎言行，昭法式也。左史記言，右史記事。事爲<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，言爲<span class="shuming">尚書</span>。帝王靡不同之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2341" id="2346">〔三〕</a>宗：宗尚，取法。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00381','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P381</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2342" id="2347">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">新室</span>：謂<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>朝。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">律曆志下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>居攝，盜襲帝位，竊號曰<span class="zhuanming">新室</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2343" id="2348">〔五〕</a>絶域：極遠之地。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷二<span class="shuming">七法</span>：「不遠道里，故能威絶域之民；不險山河，故能服恃固之國。」司牧：管理，統治。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公十四年</span>：「天生民而立之君，使司牧之，勿使失性。」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫一日月所照，皆吾天下。吾行天下之善，孰則不爲吾天下者乎？昔<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>亡弓，任<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>得之，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：『惜乎，其不大也！何不使人得之？』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2360" id="2349">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>失弓，曰：「但不過<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人得之。」<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>聞之，曰：「惜乎，何不曰人亡弓，人得之。」</span> <span>但今言者，皆盡稱<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>爲胡，而實胡在<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>之下三十餘國，嶺西<span class="zhuanming">身毒國</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">婆羅門國</span>也。然於其閒非無雜類，嵌目雕决，如此方<span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2361" id="2350">〔二〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">戎</span><span class="zhuanming">狄</span>逼邇王畿，故<span class="zhuanming">身毒</span>極鄙胡稱<a class="zhuhao" href="#2362" id="2351">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>之間，皆有<span class="zhuanming">戎</span>居也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嵌目】上口銜切，坎傍孔也。意言胡人多深也。【逼邇王畿】逼，迫也。畿，音祈，王鄙不爲城近郊也，胡稱。【河南】何字悮。</span> <span>然<span class="zhuanming">王浮</span><span class="shuming">化胡經</span>云<a class="zhuhao" href="#2363" id="2352">〔四〕</a>：『胡人凶獷，故化之爲佛，令髡赭﹑絶嗣。』夫何惑哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凶獷】凶，禍也。下居猛切，大不可近也。</span> <span>當<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">赤狄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">白狄</span>爲列國寇讎，<span class="zhuanming">獫狁</span>孔熾，<span class="zhuanming">蠻夷</span>猾夏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2364" id="2353">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孔，甚也。猾，亂也。當<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蠻夷猾夏】上莫還切，南夷名。猾，户八切。<span class="shuming">書</span>曰：帝<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蠻夷</span>猾夏，寇賊姦宄。注：猾，亂也；夏，華夏也。群行攻劫曰寇，殺人曰賊，在外曰姦，在内曰宄也。【狄】辟也。其行邪辟，謂父子嫂叔同處無别也。其一曰<span class="zhuanming">月支</span>，二曰<span class="zhuanming">穢皃</span>，三曰<span class="zhuanming">匈奴</span>，四曰<span class="zhuanming">單于</span>，五曰<span class="zhuanming">白屋</span>。【獫狁】上音險，下音尹。</span> <span>如何邇而不服遠？於<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>之外﹑大荒<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00382','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P382</span></i>之末<a class="zhuhao" href="#2365" id="2354">〔六〕</a>，方肆勇乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">老子</span>以<span class="zhuanming">定王</span>時生中國，自爲<span class="zhuanming">戎</span><span class="zhuanming">狄</span>所逼，何不服之？而云往<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>服彼胡人者哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大荒】荒服去京師二千五百里，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>在荒服之外，故曰大荒。【末】遠也。【肆】陳也，恣也，極也，放也。</span> <span>又自古聖王，皆遠者懷之。何有陰期殄胤，矯誡人道？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">「遠人不服，則脩文德以來之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2366" id="2355">〔七〕</a>又云：「惟德動天，無遠弗届。」又：「無怠無荒，四夷來王。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2367" id="2356">〔八〕</a>豈假絶其嗣胤，矯爲制誡者也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懷之】來也。【殄胤】上徒典切，絶也；下羊晉切，繼也，嗣也。【四夷來王】王，往也。言天子常戒慎，無怠墯荒廢，則四夷歸往也。</span> <span>詳夫<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>弘酷<a class="zhuhao" href="#2368" id="2357">〔九〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">商鞅</span>極法，未甚於此者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>之國左<span class="zhuanming">洞庭</span>，右<span class="zhuanming">彭蠡</span>，在荒服之外，數千王誅，不循王道也。<span class="zhuanming">秦孝公</span>時，嬖臣<span class="zhuanming">景監</span>進<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人<span class="zhuanming">商鞅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2369" id="2358">〔一○〕</a>，以酷而佐<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。後<span class="zhuanming">孝公</span>卒，<span class="zhuanming">惠王</span>立，發使捕之。<span class="zhuanming">商君</span>奔至<span class="zhuanming">關</span>下，欲舍客舍，客人不知其是<span class="zhuanming">商君</span>也，曰：「<span class="zhuanming">商君</span>之令，舍人無驗者坐之。」<span class="zhuanming">商君</span>曰：「嗟乎，爲法之弊，一至此哉。」遂被攻裂而殺之。今<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子非<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>之徒，<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>非<span class="zhuanming">商鞅</span>之類，何至於此也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三苗弘酷】<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>有三，一云<span class="zhuanming">竄</span>，二云<span class="zhuanming">苗于</span>，三云<span class="zhuanming">危</span>。二如注，三<span class="zhuanming">吕命</span>亦言<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>也。【左洞庭】<span class="zhuanming">岳州</span><span class="zhuanming">巴陵郡</span>湖名，在東曰左。【右彭蠡】下音禮，<span class="zhuanming">江州</span><span class="zhuanming">潯陽郡</span>澤名，三江所聚處。在西曰右。𧋠字悮。【不脩王道】應云不循王道。【商鞅】<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人<span class="zhuanming">公孫鞅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>封大君，故曰<span class="zhuanming">商君</span>。【商君】曰文牓補<span class="zhuanming">商君</span>之令，無驗者坐之。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>言『常善救物』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2370" id="2359">〔一一〕</a>，豈其然歟？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若爾，則言與行違也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【常善救物】常善救人，故無棄物。又云以德報怨，此乃勸人之善也。佛以平等之慈，救六道如同一子。聖人有作，雲從龍，風從虎，聖人作而萬物覩。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2349" id="2360">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷一<span class="shuming">貴公</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>人有遺弓者，而不肯索，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>人遺之，<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>人得之，又何索焉？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>聞之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00383','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P383</span></i>曰：『去其「荆」而可矣。』<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>聞之曰：『去其「人」而可矣。』故<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>則至公矣。」<span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">至公</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚共王</span>出獵而遺其弓，左右請求之。<span class="zhuanming">共王</span>曰：『止！<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人遺弓，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人得之，又何求焉？』」<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷二<span class="shuming">好生</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>出遊，亡弓，左右請求之。王曰：『止，<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>失弓，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人得之，又何求之！』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>聞之：『惜乎其不大也，不曰人遺弓，人得之而已，何必<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>也。』」<span class="shuming">公孫龍子</span><span class="shuming">跡府</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">龍</span>聞<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>張繁弱之弓，載忘歸之矣，以射蛟兕於<span class="zhuanming">雲夢</span>之圃。反而喪其弓，左右請求之，王曰：『止也！<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人遺弓，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人得之，又何求乎？』<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>聞之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>仁義而未遂。亦曰人得之而已矣，何必<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>乎！』若是者，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>異<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人於所謂人也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2350" id="2361">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>：<span class="zhuanming">伊水</span>與<span class="zhuanming">洛水</span>。這裏指<span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>流域。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一<span class="shuming">周語上</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>竭而<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>亡，<span class="zhuanming">河</span>竭而<span class="zhuanming">商</span>亡。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">伊</span>出<span class="zhuanming">熊耳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>出<span class="zhuanming">塚嶺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>都<span class="zhuanming">陽城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伊</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>所近。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2351" id="2362">〔三〕</a>王畿：指王城周圍千里的地域。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">夏官</span><span class="shuming">職方氏</span>：「方千里曰王畿。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2352" id="2363">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">王浮</span>：<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">惠帝</span>（公元二九○—三○六年在位）時爲天師道祭酒。依據<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span><span class="shuming">太平經</span>中「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>入<span class="zhuanming">夷</span><span class="zhuanming">狄</span>爲浮屠」之説，撰<span class="shuming">老子化胡經</span>，原一卷，後增爲十卷。現存殘卷。該書説<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>西遊化<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>成佛，以佛爲道教弟子。　凶獷：猶兇悍。<span class="shuming">舊唐書</span><span class="shuming">陸贄傳</span>：「樂武威者，則曰非兵無以服凶獷，曾莫知德不修，則兵不可恃也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2353" id="2364">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">赤狄</span>：<span class="zhuanming">隗</span>姓，<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>人的一支。　<span class="zhuanming">白狄</span>：<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>人的一支。<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>前期主要分佈於古<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span>北部（今<span class="zhuanming">陝北</span>一帶），後東遷至今<span class="zhuanming">河北</span><span class="zhuanming">石家莊</span>一帶。建<span class="zhuanming">中山國</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>所滅。　<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">六月</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">獫狁</span>孔熾，我是用急。」　<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">堯典</span>：「蠻夷猾夏，寇賊奸宄。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「猾夏，侵亂中國也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00384','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P384</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2354" id="2365">〔六〕</a>大荒：荒遠的地方。<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">大荒東經</span>：「東海之外，大荒之中，有山名曰<span class="zhuanming">大言</span>，日月所出。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">左思</span><span class="shuming">吴都賦</span>：「出乎大荒之中，行乎東極之外。」<span class="zhuanming">劉逵</span>注：「大荒，謂海外也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2355" id="2366">〔七〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「蓋均無貧，和無寡，安無傾。夫如是，故遠人不服，則修文德以來之；既來之，則安之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2356" id="2367">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「惟德動天，無遠勿届，滿招損，謙受益，時乃天道。」又：「無怠無荒，四夷來王。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2357" id="2368">〔九〕</a>詳：細查。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「詳，審議也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2358" id="2369">〔一○〕</a>荒服：稱離京師二千到二千五百里的邊遠地方。這裏指邊遠地區。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">禹貢</span>：「五百里荒服。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「要服外之五百里，言荒又簡略。」　嬖臣：受寵倖的近臣。<span class="shuming">韓非子</span><span class="shuming">説疑</span>：「故<span class="shuming">周記</span>曰：『無尊妾而卑妻，無孽適子而尊小枝，無尊嬖臣而匹上卿，無尊大臣以擬其主也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2359" id="2370">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「善行無轍跡；善言無瑕謫；善數不用籌策；善閉無關楗而不可開；善結無繩約而不可解。是以聖人常善救人，故無棄人；常善救物，故無棄物。是謂襲明。故善人者，不善人之師；不善人者，善人之資。不貴其師，不愛其資，雖智大迷，是謂要妙。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「違父命，貽母戚，輕畏就險，可謂孝乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太子<span class="zhuanming">悉達</span>欲出家，父王不許，加婇女以虞之，太子半夜潛去逾城，是違父命也。令姨母悲泣，肝腸摧裂，是貽母戚也。居儲副之位，而獨處山谷，是輕畏也。在<span class="zhuanming">雪嶺</span>之中，是就險也。如此可得名孝乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貽】遺也。【慼】憂也，懼也。【虞】候也。【儲】副也。</span> <span>爲<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>師，處<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅</span>族，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍</span>逆害，<span class="zhuanming">琉璃</span>攻伐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2375" id="2371">〔一〕</a>，既不果救，可得仁乎？</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00385','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P385</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>，則<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>也，住<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>父，<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>囚之，以至餓死，佛不能救。又<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿</span>之子<span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">末利夫人</span>生，則<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種之外甥也。以婢子之言，乃加兵盡殺<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>族。佛知其宿業相對而皆不能救也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>天倫<a class="zhuhao" href="#2376" id="2372">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>，<span class="zhuanming">斛飯王</span>之子，佛之堂弟也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">善星</span>至性，生被黜辱，死嬰塗炭，可謂義乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2377" id="2373">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>，俱陷地獄。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【善星至性】<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>，佛妾生子，故曰至性。【黜辱】上丑律切，貶下也。僧以擯默曰黜；辱，耻也，惡也。【塗炭】惡道名。</span> <span>踞寶玉之牀，受君父之拜，言大違謙，色高象慠。可謂禮乎？懸弧未旬，母后窮年，罔極之禍<a class="zhuhao" href="#2378" id="2374">〔四〕</a>，𠎝莫大焉，可謂福乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太子生，以桑弧蓬矢懸於門也。昔佛爲太子，生才七日而<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>亡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【踞】音倨，大坐也。【謙】敬讓也。<span class="shuming">象</span>曰：地中有山謙。天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙。此爲佛言「天上天下，唯吾独尊」。【色高象慠】此爲丈六金身，三十二相，行如牛王，吼如獅子，無異屈之禮也。【懸弧】上音玄，繫也，掛也；下音胡，弓也。凡人生子，以弓矢懸於門，表有射也。【罔極】上無也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「昊天罔極」，言父母如昊天，其恩高遠無終窮也。【桑弧蓬矢】本太古時。【才七日】上宜纔字，僅也。僅音覲，餘也，少也。【摩耶】此云<span class="zhuanming">大術</span>，佛親母也。</span> <span>夫如是其利，安在欲使中國行之者也？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2371" id="2375">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>，佛在世時<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陁國</span>王。深歸佛法，廣積善根，終爲逆子<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>幽囚，幽中照於佛之光明，證阿那含果而死。參<span class="shuming">觀無量壽佛經</span>卷上。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷九：「洴沙，蒲經反，應訛也，正言<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>也，或云『頻毘』，此譯云『形牢』，一云『頻毘』，此云『顔色』。婆羅，此云『端正』，或云『色像殊妙』也。」卷五九：「<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span>，此言訛也，正言<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅</span>，此云『形牢』，是<span class="zhuanming">摩伽陀國<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00386','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P386</span></i>王</span>也。」　<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅</span>：<span class="zhuanming">悉多太子</span>出生處。<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛國</span>的國都。　逆害：迕逆而加害尊長。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">父母恩重經講經文</span>：「莫言愚人，返生逆害。」　<span class="zhuanming">琉璃</span>：<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>國王，即<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>之子。<span class="shuming">佛説琉璃王經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span>王時有太子，名<span class="zhuanming">維樓黎</span>。産育之初，與琉璃寶俱，因以爲號。」據<span class="shuming">增一阿含經</span>卷二六<span class="shuming">佛説琉璃王經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">琉璃太子</span>幼年爲諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種所侮，誓志復仇，即王位後，大舉進攻<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅城</span>，鏖殺<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種九千九百九十萬人，血流成河。死後入<span class="zhuanming">阿鼻地獄</span>，其宫殿亦爲天火所燒毁。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2372" id="2376">〔二〕</a>天倫：天然倫次，指兄弟。<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span><span class="shuming">隱公元年</span>：「兄弟，天倫也。」<span class="zhuanming">范甯</span>注：「兄先弟後，天之倫次。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2373" id="2377">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">善星</span>：佛爲太子時之子。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三三：「<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>，是佛菩薩時子，出家之後受持讀誦，分别解説十二部經。壞欲界結，獲得四禪。……<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>雖復讀誦十二部經，獲得四禪，乃至不解一偈一句一字之義，親近惡友，退失四禪。失四禪已，生惡邪見。作如是言：無佛無法，無有涅槃。………善男子！汝若不信如是事者，<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>今者在<span class="zhuanming">尼連禪河</span>，可共往問。爾時<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>即與<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>往<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>所，<span class="zhuanming">善星比丘</span>遥見<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，見已，即生惡邪之心。以惡心故，生身陷入墮<span class="zhuanming">阿鼻地獄</span>。………以其宣説無因無果，無有作業。爾乃記彼永斷善根，是一闡提厠下之人，地獄劫住。」　至性：至親。指最親近的人。　黜辱：貶斥受辱。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷八四<span class="shuming">列女傳</span><span class="shuming">曹世叔妻</span>：「戰戰兢兢，常懼黜辱，以增父母之羞，以益中外之累。」　塗炭：比喻極困苦的境遇。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">仲虺之誥</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">有夏</span>昏德，民墜塗炭。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「民之危險，若陷泥墜火，無救之者。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2374" id="2378">〔四〕</a>懸弧：生男。古時家中生男，則於門左掛一張弓，後因稱生男爲懸弧。語本<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">内則</span>：「子生，男子設弧於門左，女子設帨於門右。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「表男女也。弧者示有事於武也。」　窮年：終其天<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00387','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P387</span></i>年。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">齊策六</span>：「使<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>終窮抑幽囚而不出，慚恥而不見，窮年没壽，不免爲辱人賤行矣。」　罔極：無窮盡。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">何人斯</span>：「有靦面目，視人罔極。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「人相視無有極時，終必與女相見。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「愛惡之論，譽辱何定？古有罪<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>而毁<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>者，有譽<span class="zhuanming">漢陰</span>而抑<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢陰丈人</span>抱甕入井，取水以灌園。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>教之作𣚃槔，<span class="zhuanming">漢陰丈人</span>盛抑<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之巧僞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2383" id="2379">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漢陰】<span class="zhuanming">金州</span><span class="zhuanming">漢陰郡</span>。</span> <span>有强漁父而責三閭者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2384" id="2380">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三閭大夫<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>，遭<span class="zhuanming">靳尚</span>所譖，<span class="zhuanming">懷王</span>疑之，遂貶<span class="zhuanming">長沙</span>。獨行江畔，見漁父，問之故，曰：「舉世皆醉唯我獨醒，舉世皆濁唯我獨清。」漁父勉之不可，遂沉水而卒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漁父】<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：捕魚也。<span class="zhuanming">屈子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">燧人</span>之有天下，多水，故教民以漁也。詩曰：<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span>茫茫盡醉人，獨醒唯有一<span class="zhuanming">靈均</span>。哺糟欲使同流俗，漁父由來亦不仁。【三閭】<span class="zhuanming">昭</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">屈</span>三姓，皆<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>公之卒族。<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>爲三閭大夫，掌三族之姓也。五百家爲閭也。</span> <span>有劇<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>法而美<span class="zhuanming">新室</span>者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2385" id="2381">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦始</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>法殘虐，後世有<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>著<span class="shuming">美新</span>一篇，劇<span class="zhuanming">秦始</span>而美<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>。</span> <span>討其向背，壞壁穿墉，爲雀鼠之功矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有習古人糟粕，更增穿窬以鼓是非者，若<span class="zhuanming">王充</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劉子玄</span>等，唯事雌黄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【穿墉】下音容，城也，垣也。古云：誰爲雀無角，何以穿我屋？誰爲鼠無牙，何以穿我墉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2386" id="2382">〔四〕</a>？破壞正義如壞等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2379" id="2383">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天地</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>南遊於<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，反於<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，過<span class="zhuanming">漢陰</span>，見一丈人方將爲圃畦，鑿隧而入井，抱甕而出灌，搰搰然用力甚多而見功寡。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『有械於此，一日浸百畦，用力甚寡而見功多，夫子不欲乎？』爲圃者卬而視之曰：『奈何？』曰：『鑿木爲機，後重前輕，挈水若抽，數如泆湯，其名爲槔。』爲圃者忿然<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00388','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P388</span></i>作色而笑曰：『吾聞之吾師，有機械者必有機事，有機事者必有機心。機心存於胸中，則純白不備；純白不備，則神生不定；神生不定者，道之所不載也。吾非不知，羞而不爲也。』<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>瞞然慚，俯而不對。有閒，爲圃者曰：『子奚爲者邪？』曰：『<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>之徒也。』爲圃者曰：『子非夫博學以擬聖，於于以蓋衆，獨弦哀歌以賣名聲於天下者乎？汝方將忘汝神氣，墮汝形骸，而庶幾乎！而身之不能治，而何暇治天下乎！子往矣，無乏吾事！』<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>卑陬失色，頊頊然不自得，行三十里而後愈。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2380" id="2384">〔二〕</a>見<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">漁父</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2381" id="2385">〔三〕</a>有劇<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>法而美<span class="zhuanming">新室</span>者：<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>篡<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>自立，國號<span class="zhuanming">新</span>。<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>仿<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span><span class="shuming">封禪文</span>，上封事給<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>，指斥<span class="zhuanming">秦朝</span>，美化<span class="zhuanming">新朝</span>，故名<span class="shuming">劇秦美新</span>。文中抨擊<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>焚書﹑統一度量衡等措施，對<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>則歌功頌德。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2382" id="2386">〔四〕</a>墉：高牆。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一三下：「墉，城垣也。」<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">召南</span><span class="shuming">行露</span>：「誰謂雀無角？何以穿我屋？誰謂女無家？何以速我獄？雖速我獄，室家不足。誰謂鼠無牙？何以穿我墉？誰謂女無家？何以速我訟？雖速我訟，亦不女從。」雀鼠：比喻小人。</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：『大孝嚴親，其次不辱，其次能養。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2390" id="2387">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">嚴親，謂使尊其祖考也。不辱，脩身持行也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嚴親】若<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>郊祀<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>。【不辱】謂不毁傷髮膚，立身揚名以顯父母也。【能養】謂啜豆飲水，盡其歡心也。</span> <span>若夫化家爲國，天下稱之爲大；化凡爲聖，天下孰謂之小哉？故雖邇失嚴愛，遐蹈山林<a class="zhuhao" href="#2391" id="2388">〔二〕</a>，而使天下之人知父爲<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>之父，知母爲<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>之母。既知之而尊<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00389','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P389</span></i>之，既尊之而安之。孝子之義，真曰不匱。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">匱，乏也。此乃嚴親之道也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「孝子不匱，永錫爾類。」</span> <span>曾是以爲不孝，則孰能爲之孝乎？<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『養可能也，敬爲難；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至於犬馬，皆能有養。不敬，何以别乎？</span> <span>敬可能也，安爲難；安可能也，卒爲難；父母既没，慎行其身，不遺父母惡名。可謂能終也。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2392" id="2389">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">始於毗嵐，終於鶴樹，有善皆稱，無惡可謗，實謂孝之終也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【可謂能終也】立身行道，乃至孝之終也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>豈不篤其備耶？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2387" id="2390">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">大戴禮記</span><span class="shuming">曾子大孝</span>：「大孝尊親，其次不辱，其下能養。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2388" id="2391">〔二〕</a>嚴：對父親的尊稱。　愛：指母親。　遐蹈：涉足高遠，指隱居。<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷四一<span class="shuming">周顒傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">胤</span>兄<span class="zhuanming">點</span>，亦遁節清信。<span class="zhuanming">顒</span>與書，勸令菜食。曰：『丈人之所以未極遐蹈，或在不近全菜邪？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2389" id="2392">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷一四<span class="shuming">孝行</span>：「民之本教曰孝，其行孝曰養。養可能也，敬爲難；敬可能也，安爲難；安可能也，卒爲難。父母既没，敬行其身，無遺父母惡名，可謂能終矣。」</span> </p><p> <span>「若乃聖人有作，不違兩曜昏旦，不違四時榮落<a class="zhuhao" href="#2399" id="2393">〔一〕</a>，所可違者，暫化而已矣。化久則愆於物性，恢恠詭譎生焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2400" id="2394">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖聖人，不能違宿業也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【兩曜】日月也。此二不能，晝黑夜明。</span> <span>至若幽囚餒喪<a class="zhuhao" href="#2401" id="2395">〔三〕</a>，坑骸刃肌，蓋酬因於往世，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瓶沙</span>爲無子，占云：「山中仙人當作子。」遂殺之，令急受生。又未生，更作白兔，亦殺之。故今被<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>幽囚而死也。<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種又以宿殺摩竭大魚故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餒喪】餓死也。【坑骸】坑，壍也，陷也；下骨也。謂<span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>埋諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種，以鐵犁㮣之。【刃肌】謂割截<span class="zhuanming">釋</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00390','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P390</span></i>女手﹑女足支節也。</span> <span>報應前緣，非聖人不能使暫違之，但非業理之長謝也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2402" id="2396">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經云：「假使經百劫，所作業不亡。因緣會遇時，果報還自受。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2403" id="2397">〔五〕</a></span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>善播，順天時也；<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>工醫，資有命也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2404" id="2398">〔六〕</a>。違時與命，非彼所可，故去形方影滅，除業方報亡。若使滅影留形，遣報存業，則巫幻作矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未經懺洗，令業除謝，則同巫誑妖幻之説。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【播】布也，<span class="shuming">劉子</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>雖善播，不能使苗稼冬生，逆天時也。<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>善治水，鑿山川，不能回水西流，逆地勢也。」【扁】姓也。【未經】朱字悮。</span> <span>昔者食馬麥，<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>請求地味。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">阿耆違多</span>婆羅門請佛九十日，唯食馬麥。劫初有地味陷在地下，<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>欲運通取之，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>皆不許。意示後世者也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">迦毗</span>被圍，<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>請以鐵爲城。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>種被<span class="zhuanming">琉璃王</span>所圍，<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>欲化鐵城以護之，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>不聽，以業不可逃。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>皆以業報不然之也。故可爲而不爲，不仁也。不可爲而不爲，何謂不仁乎？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2393" id="2399">〔一〕</a>兩曜：指日﹑月。<span class="zhuanming">任昉</span><span class="shuming">爲齊宣德皇后重敦勸梁王令</span>：「四時等契，兩曜齊明。」　昏旦：黄昏和清晨。　四時：指四季。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">孔子閒居</span>：「天有四時，春秋冬夏。」　榮落：興盛與衰落。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2394" id="2400">〔二〕</a>物性：事物的本性。　恢恠：荒誕怪異。　詭譎：怪誕，虚妄。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七五<span class="shuming">王坦之傳</span>：「若夫<span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>者……其言詭譎，其義恢誕。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2395" id="2401">〔三〕</a>幽囚：囚禁。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">秦策三</span>：「使臣得進謀如<span class="zhuanming">伍子胥</span>，加之以幽囚，終身不復見，是臣説之行也，臣何憂乎？」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00391','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P391</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2396" id="2402">〔四〕</a>長謝：指消逝。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷五九<span class="shuming">任昉傳</span>：「哲人云亡，儀表長謝。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2397" id="2403">〔五〕</a>見<span class="shuming">大寶積經</span>卷五七。<span class="shuming">佛説福力太子因緣經</span>卷四亦載，略有不同：「假使經百劫，不壞諸業因，因緣和合時，有情隨受果。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2398" id="2404">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>：<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之始祖。相傳<span class="zhuanming">姜嫄</span>履帝足跡，懷孕生子，因曾棄而不養，故名之爲「棄」。善於耕種，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>命爲農官，教民耕稼，稱爲「后稷」。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">生民</span>：「厥初生民，時維<span class="zhuanming">姜嫄</span>……載生載育，時維<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>。」　<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>：<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>時名醫，原名<span class="zhuanming">秦越人</span>，<span class="zhuanming">渤海郡</span><span class="zhuanming">鄚</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河北省</span><span class="zhuanming">任丘市</span>北）人。一説家於<span class="zhuanming">盧國</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山東省</span><span class="zhuanming">長清縣</span>南），故又稱<span class="zhuanming">盧醫</span>。學醫於<span class="zhuanming">長桑君</span>，醫道精湛，行醫「隨俗爲變」，名聞天下。　有命：天命。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">大明</span>：「天監在下，有命既集。」</span> </p><p> <span>「若乃得理，雖傷謂之義也；失理，雖存未云義也。<span class="zhuanming">丹</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">均</span>薄於<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2412" id="2405">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以其不才，故薄之，而不使嗣位也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">管</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>夷於<span class="zhuanming">周旦</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2413" id="2406">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">管</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>二叔，流言謗<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>不以骨肉而不誅，遂殺<span class="zhuanming">管叔</span>而󰮇<span class="zhuanming">蔡叔</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夷】平也。【󰮇】先達切，放也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">鄭莊</span>克<span class="zhuanming">段</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2414" id="2407">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">共叔段</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鄭莊公</span>之母弟也。以作亂，<span class="zhuanming">莊公</span>克之于<span class="zhuanming">偃</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克段】克，能也，勝也。【共叔】上九容切，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>時<span class="zhuanming">共國</span>也，今<span class="zhuanming">衛州</span>改<span class="zhuanming">蘇門</span>者也。【于偃】下於幰切，是鄢，今之<span class="zhuanming">鄢陵</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>屠<span class="zhuanming">厚</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2415" id="2408">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石厚</span>之父。<span class="zhuanming">厚</span>與公子<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>弑<span class="zhuanming">衛桓公</span>自立，問定君於<span class="zhuanming">碏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">碏</span>使朝<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>而殺之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【石碏】下音鵲，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫名。屠，殺也，裂也。</span> <span>蓋骨肉是忍也，保宗祧爲事也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2416" id="2409">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祧】遠祖之廟曰祧，倖親。</span> <span>舉其刑法以示將來，使不子不弟之流，是懼是厲，如<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>。儻假鴻私免其罪戾，則勸天下之爲逆耳。故呼食唾以辱之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">調<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00392','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P392</span></i>達</span>學神通已，化作一小兒，於<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>膝上，<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span>因唾其口，<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>承而食之，故佛以此辱爲食唾之人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【是懼是厲】懼，怖也。厲，直也，嚴也，整也。【儻】卓異倖也。【戾】音麗，罪也，很也，曲也。</span> <span>彰重苦以期之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛夜行道，<span class="zhuanming">善星</span>以時久欲歇，遂假作<span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅鬼</span>恐佛，故陷地獄。</span> <span>使臭味所同，有恥且格<a class="zhuhao" href="#2417" id="2410">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">格，正也。雖於骨肉，似有恥辱，理歸於正，同族爲臭味同。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臭】凡氣之惣名。【且格】正也。</span> <span>罔有務倖于其免矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不以倖門而免之也。</span> <span>由是聖人刑自邇而及遠，不密親而閒疏。大權之義，於焉何測<a class="zhuhao" href="#2418" id="2411">〔七〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【間疏】上古莧切，送也，隔也。踈，遠也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2405" id="2412">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">丹</span>：<span class="zhuanming">丹朱</span>。<span class="zhuanming">均</span>：<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">五帝本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>知子<span class="zhuanming">丹朱</span>之不肖，不足授天下，於是乃權授<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>。」又：「<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>子<span class="zhuanming">商均</span>亦不肖，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>乃預薦<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>於天，十七年崩。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2406" id="2413">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">管</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>：<span class="zhuanming">周武王</span>弟<span class="zhuanming">管叔鮮</span>與<span class="zhuanming">蔡叔度</span>。<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>幼，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>攝政，<span class="zhuanming">管</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>流言於國，謂「公將不利於孺子」，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>避居東都，後<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>迎<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>歸，<span class="zhuanming">管</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>懼，挾<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>子<span class="zhuanming">武庚</span>叛，<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>命<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>討伐，誅殺<span class="zhuanming">武庚</span>與<span class="zhuanming">管叔鮮</span>，流放<span class="zhuanming">蔡叔度</span>，其亂終平。事見<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">金縢</span>及<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">管蔡世家</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2407" id="2414">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鄭伯</span>克<span class="zhuanming">段</span>于<span class="zhuanming">郾</span>，事見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">隱公元年</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2408" id="2415">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">隱公三年</span>：「公子<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>，嬖人之子也。有寵而好兵，公弗禁，<span class="zhuanming">莊姜</span>惡之。<span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>諫曰：『臣聞愛子，教之以義方，弗納於邪。驕奢淫泆，所自邪也。四者之來，寵禄過也。將立<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>，乃定之矣；若猶未也，階之爲禍。夫寵而不驕，驕而能降，降而不憾，憾而能眕者，鮮矣。且夫賤妨貴，少陵長，遠間親，新間舊，小加大，淫破義，所謂六逆也。君義，臣行，父慈，子孝，兄愛，弟敬，所謂六順也。去<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00393','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P393</span></i>順效逆，所以速禍也。君人者，將禍是務去，而速之，無乃不可乎？』弗聽。其子<span class="zhuanming">厚</span>與<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>遊，禁之，不可。<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>立，乃老。」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">隱公四年</span>：「四年春，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span><span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>弑<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>而立。……<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>未能和其民，<span class="zhuanming">厚</span>問定君於<span class="zhuanming">石子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">石子</span>曰：『王覲爲可。』曰：『何以得覲？』曰：『<span class="zhuanming">陳桓公</span>方有寵於王，<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>方睦，若朝<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>使請，必可得也。』<span class="zhuanming">厚</span>從<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>如<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>。<span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>使告于<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">衛國</span>褊小，老夫耄矣，無能爲也。此二人者，實弑寡君，敢即圖之。』<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>人執之而請涖于<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>。九月，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>人使<span class="zhuanming">右宰醜</span>涖殺<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>于<span class="zhuanming">濮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>使其宰<span class="zhuanming">獳羊肩</span>涖殺<span class="zhuanming">石厚</span>于<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>。君子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">石碏</span>，純臣也，惡<span class="zhuanming">州吁</span>而<span class="zhuanming">厚</span>與焉。大義滅親，其是之謂乎！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2409" id="2416">〔五〕</a>宗祧：宗廟。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">紇</span>不佞，失守宗祧，敢告不弔。<span class="zhuanming">紇</span>之罪不及不祀。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「遠祖廟爲祧。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2410" id="2417">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「道之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2411" id="2418">〔七〕</a>大權：重大的權柄。<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span><span class="shuming">新書</span>卷一<span class="shuming">大都</span>：「親者或無分地以安天下，疏者或專大權以偪天子。」</span> </p><p> <span>「若迺大禮與天地同節<a class="zhuhao" href="#2427" id="2419">〔一〕</a>，道德與天地同尊，聖人與道德同體，而君父率乎禮則尊天地<a class="zhuhao" href="#2428" id="2420">〔二〕</a>，尊天地則親道德，親道德則敬聖人，敬聖人則合天地之節，廣道德之風矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【節】制也。【率】循也，用也，行也。</span> <span>非我<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>要上以求尊重，蓋君父由道德而自尊重之也。禮法既彰而人是傚，故使形儀異俗，則不異者禮敬之，順道德也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2429" id="2421">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【要】平，勒也。去，約也。【傚】教也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「是則是傚。」<span class="zhuanming">毛萇</span>云：言可法也。</span> <span>形儀不異俗，使異俗者禮敬之，則背道德也。雖異者不必賢於不異，不異者不必愚於異，然土石之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00394','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P394</span></i>偶，旌其像飾，猶可敬也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">土木偶，雕塑像也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偶】侣人也。</span> <span>農賈之子，表其服皃，安不敬也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四姓出家，皆同<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>族，不以賤族而不敬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【農賈】<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>以吠舍﹑首陀爲卑族，故今舉之。</span> <span>敬其不肖，猶愈不敬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2430" id="2422">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不以凡庸而敬之，猶勝不敬。</span> <span>存夫羊而識禮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之常禮，必殺羊告朔於廟。自<span class="zhuanming">文公</span>後，不行告朔之禮，猶祭羊而已。至<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>爲司倉主，祭廟告朔之禮，因君不視朔，遂兼欲廢祭羊之事。夫子曰：「爾愛其羊，我愛其禮。君雖不視朔，見羊猶知此禮。若兼去羊，則禮無所記。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2431" id="2423">〔五〕</a>今敬亦然。</span> <span>市駿骨以招賢<a class="zhuhao" href="#2432" id="2424">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">燕昭王</span>將慕賢士，<span class="zhuanming">郭隗</span>曰：「請王以黄金築臺而尊於臣，則四方之賢者至矣。以臣不肖，王尚用之，況賢者乎？昔有求龍馬不獲，有得死馬首者上之，王以千金相醻，聞者皆至，一月獲三龍馬。請王尊臣。」後果有<span class="zhuanming">樂毅</span>等數人而至。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隗】五罪切。【告朔】存羊﹑市駿二喻，意云不肖尚敬，況賢也？</span> <span>蓋人倫之大道也，故君父敬不敬在己，以沙門受不受在人。非大聖必欲抑君父，致敬沙門，必當欲坐受拜揖。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『子新冠而母拜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">冠義</span>云：「已冠而字之，成人之道也。見於母，母拜之。見於兄弟，兄弟拜之。成而興爲禮也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2433" id="2425">〔七〕</a>。」</span> <span>介胄者不拜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2434" id="2426">〔八〕</a>。』皆不失君親之敬也。況儒有不臣天子﹑不仕諸侯者乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若<span class="zhuanming">巢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">許</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">四皓</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【介胄】胄，從日不從月。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2419" id="2427">〔一〕</a>大禮：莊嚴隆重的典禮。　同節：同樣的規制。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「大樂與天地同和，大禮與天地同節。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「言順天地之氣與其數。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「大禮與天地同節者，天地之形各有高下大小，爲限節，大禮辨尊卑貴賤，與天地相似，是大禮與天地同節也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00395','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P395</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2420" id="2428">〔二〕</a>君父：天子。<span class="zhuanming">曹植</span><span class="shuming">求自試表</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">耿弇</span>不俟<span class="zhuanming">光武</span>，亟擊<span class="zhuanming">張步</span>，言不以賊遺於君父也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2421" id="2429">〔三〕</a>禮敬：以合於禮儀的舉動表示尊崇。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四七<span class="shuming">班超傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄯善王</span><span class="zhuanming">廣</span>奉<span class="zhuanming">超</span>禮敬甚備。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2422" id="2430">〔四〕</a>不肖：不成材。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">射義</span>：「發而不失正鵠者，其唯賢者乎？若夫不肖之人，則彼將安能以中。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「不肖，謂小人也。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">武帝紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">代郡</span>將軍<span class="zhuanming">敖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">雁門</span>將軍<span class="zhuanming">廣</span>，所任不肖，校尉又背義妄行，棄軍而北。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「肖，似也。不肖者，言無所象類，謂不材之人也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2423" id="2431">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>欲去告朔之餼羊。子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也！爾愛其羊，我愛其禮。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2424" id="2432">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">燕策一</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">郭隗先生</span>曰：『臣聞古之君人，有以千金求千里馬者，三年不能得。涓人言於君曰：「請求之。」君遣之。三月得千里馬，馬已死，買其首五百金，反以報君。君大怒曰：「所求者生馬，安事死馬而捐五百金？」涓人對曰：「死馬且買之五百金，況生馬乎？天下必以王爲能市馬，馬今至矣。」於是不能期年，千里之馬至者三。今王誠欲致士，先從<span class="zhuanming">隗</span>始；<span class="zhuanming">隗</span>且見事，況賢於<span class="zhuanming">隗</span>者乎？豈遠千里哉？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2425" id="2433">〔七〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">冠義</span>：「已冠而字之，成人之道也。見於母，母拜之。見於兄弟，兄弟拜之。成人而與爲禮也。」「成」後缺「人」字，「興」當爲「與」字之形誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2426" id="2434">〔八〕</a>介胄：鎧甲和頭盔。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">平津侯主父列傳</span>：「介胄生蟣蝨，民無所告愬。」介胄者謂甲胄之士。</span> </p><p> <span>「若乃<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>假壽待爲佛母，聖既誕矣，還形于天<a class="zhuhao" href="#2440" id="2435">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>：「過去未來諸佛皆以<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>爲母，生佛既了，遂歸于天。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誕】音旦，育也。【形還于天】佛知<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>壽命唯有十月七日在，乃從天降<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00396','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P396</span></i>胎，住胎十月，既生七日，母死，生<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>也。【爲夫人】夫人字悮，合云爲母。</span> <span>母子有裕，奚非福乎？昔<span class="zhuanming">夏啓</span>生而母化爲石，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">鯀</span>納<span class="zhuanming">葉氏</span>女，曰<span class="zhuanming">脩己</span>。山行，見流星意感，又吞意茨，三年不産，後破背而生<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>。」今<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">汶山</span><span class="zhuanming">廣葉縣</span>有地名<span class="zhuanming">石紐</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2441" id="2436">〔二〕</a>，乃<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>母化石處<a class="zhuhao" href="#2442" id="2437">〔三〕</a>。又<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>欲通<span class="zhuanming">轅山</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>女曰：「餉我，聞鍾鼓聲而來。」<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>躍石，能中鼓聲，女往餉，見<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>方化動，而至<span class="zhuanming">嵩山</span>下，化爲石女。方孕，啓<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>曰：「我子，石也。」歸，破而生<span class="zhuanming">啓</span>，母化爲石也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【裕】音喻，饒也，道也，寬也，容也。【汶】音問，山郡也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>生而母爲<span class="zhuanming">空桑</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>相。生而母化爲<span class="zhuanming">空桑</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【空桑】<span class="zhuanming">陳留</span>東三十里，有村名<span class="zhuanming">空桑</span>，有<span class="zhuanming">伊尹</span>墳廟。</span> <span>豈則不祥耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#2443" id="2438">〔四〕</a>？故二教直辯於此生，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教統示於他生。如彼二母化爲桑石，精魂何往？聖母俯瞰日月，下哀人世，實則福履將之矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2444" id="2439">〔五〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瞰】苦濫切，俯示也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2435" id="2440">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之母，名<span class="zhuanming">摩訶摩耶</span>，相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">天臂城</span><span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>族<span class="zhuanming">善覺長者</span>之女，<span class="zhuanming">迦毘羅衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>之王后。生<span class="zhuanming">悉達多</span>太子（即後來的<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>），逾七日而殁。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2436" id="2441">〔二〕</a>紐：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「細」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2437" id="2442">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">禹</span>母化石處：<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">夏本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span>，名曰<span class="zhuanming">文命</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>引<span class="shuming">帝王記</span>云：「父<span class="zhuanming">鯀</span>妻<span class="zhuanming">脩己</span>，見流星貫昴，夢接意感，又吞神珠薏苡，胸坼而生<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>。名<span class="zhuanming">文命</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">密</span>，身九尺二寸長，本<span class="zhuanming">西夷</span>人也。<span class="shuming">大戴禮</span>云『<span class="zhuanming">高陽</span>之孫，<span class="zhuanming">鯀</span>之子，曰<span class="zhuanming">文命</span>』。<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">蜀王本紀</span>云『<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>本<span class="zhuanming">汶山郡</span><span class="zhuanming">廣柔縣</span>人也，生於<span class="zhuanming">石紐</span>』。」<span class="shuming">括地志</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">茂州</span><span class="zhuanming">汶川縣</span><span class="zhuanming">石紐山</span>在縣西七十三里。<span class="shuming">華陽國志</span>云『今夷人共營其地，方百里不敢居牧，至今猶不敢放六畜』。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00397','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P397</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2438" id="2443">〔四〕</a>不祥：不吉利。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">困</span>：「入于其宫，不見其妻，不祥也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「祥，善也，吉也。不吉，必有凶也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2439" id="2444">〔五〕</a>福履：猶福禄。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周南</span><span class="shuming">樛木</span>：「樂只君子，福履綏之。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「履，禄。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「虐<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>門誅於内信，昏<span class="zhuanming">周</span>不類於玄侣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2447" id="2445">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魏太武</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋燾</span><span class="zhuanming">太延</span>五年滅法，有藏沙門者，死。<span class="zhuanming">周武</span><span class="zhuanming">宇文邕</span><span class="zhuanming">建德</span>二年滅佛教。玄，僧也。類，享。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【類】力邃切，善也，法也，等也。</span> <span>使統宇嗷嗷，王澤竭焉。始若有逞，終則遄害<a class="zhuhao" href="#2448" id="2446">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二王初滅法，似協于志，尋亦終於惡疾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嗷】五勞切，衆口愁也。【逞】丑郢切，通也，誇也。【遄】示專切，專也，疾也。【佀叶】下胡頰切，合也，順也，有作呌，悮。</span> <span>彼何至於此哉？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2445" id="2447">〔一〕</a>門誅：誅殺全家。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一一<span class="shuming">刑罰志</span>：「除群行剽劫首謀門誅，律重者止梟首。」<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷一二四<span class="shuming">宋文帝元嘉二十一年</span>：「過二月十五日不出，沙門﹑巫覡死，主人門誅。」<span class="zhuanming">胡三省</span>注：「門誅者，闔門盡誅之。」　不類：不善。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">瞻卬</span>：「不弔不祥，威儀不類。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「類，善。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「威儀有不善。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2446" id="2448">〔二〕</a>嗷嗷：哀號聲。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">鴻雁</span>：「鴻雁于飛，哀鳴嗷嗷。」　王澤：君王的德澤。<span class="zhuanming">董仲舒</span><span class="shuming">春秋繁露</span>卷五<span class="shuming">盟會要</span>：「賞善誅惡而王澤洽。」　逞：放肆。　遄：快。</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「沴氣蒸而五義敗矣，姦邪作而萬靈怒矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2450" id="2449">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五行既敗，百神是怒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沴】閭計切，傷謂之沴。【蒸】煑仍切，衆也，進也。</span> <span>故天之所助者順也，人之所助者信也。匪<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00398','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P398</span></i>信匪順，人天合誅，焉得不亡乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">書</span>云：「天作孽猶可逃，自作孽不可逭。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孽】魚列切，災也。【逭】胡亂切，逃也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2449" id="2450">〔一〕</a>沴氣：災害不祥之氣。<span class="zhuanming">庾信</span><span class="shuming">哀江南賦</span>：「況以沴氣朝浮，妖精夜殞，赤烏則三朝夾日，蒼雲則七重圍軫，亡<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之歲既窮，入<span class="zhuanming">郢</span>之年斯盡。」　五義：<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷二<span class="shuming">周語中</span>：「五聲昭德，五義紀宜。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「五義，謂父義﹑母慈﹑兄友﹑弟恭﹑子孝也。」　萬靈：衆神。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">封禪書</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>接萬靈<span class="zhuanming">明廷</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>「初<span class="zhuanming">魏太祖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">太祖</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋珪</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋嗣</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>長子。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【拓跋】<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>以土德王，北俗以土爲拓，謂后君爲跋，故以爲氏。【太宗】<span class="zhuanming">明元帝</span>。<span class="zhuanming">道武</span>长子，諱<span class="zhuanming">嗣</span>，在位十五年，注非。</span> <span>篤於因緣之教<a class="zhuhao" href="#2459" id="2451">〔一〕</a>。沙門<span class="zhuanming">法果</span>，戒行精純，開演法籍，<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>詔爲沙門統，<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>彌加崇敬，授以<span class="zhuanming">輔國宜城子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">忠信侯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安城公</span>，盡辭焉。帝幸其居，以門狹不容輿輦，詔廣之。八十而卒，帝親臨其喪，贈<span class="zhuanming">老壽將軍</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆旌帝之寵也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">趙靈公</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2460" id="2452">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">世祖</span>即位<a class="zhuhao" href="#2461" id="2453">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">太武皇帝</span>。</span> <span>初遵行之。每引高德沙門，與之譚論。四月八日輿像於廣衢，帝御門臨檻，散花稽顙致敬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2462" id="2454">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【顙】蘇朗切，額也。以首至地，名爲啓顙。</span> <span>但以八歲在極，訪國政於司徒<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>極言<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">老</span>，深蠹<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>宗，帝雅信重。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蠹】音妬，食木虫也。</span> <span>求方術士，及得天師<span class="zhuanming">寇謙</span>，詔諸州鎮立道壇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寇謙】<span class="shuming">北史</span>云<span class="zhuanming">寇謙之</span>。</span> <span>會<span class="zhuanming">蓋吴</span>反於<span class="zhuanming">杏城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關中</span>騷擾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00399','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P399</span></i>函</span>：【蓋吴】<span class="zhuanming">盧水</span>胡人名也。【杏城】在<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>北，屬<span class="zhuanming">坊州</span>。【騷擾】上音臊，愁也；下音遶，煩也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">太延</span>五年己卯，帝西伐<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>時都<span class="zhuanming">平城</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【太延五年】<span class="zhuanming">太平真君</span>六年<span class="zhuanming">蓋吴</span>返，七年帝征<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，二月滅法。注文甚悮。</span> <span>時沙門有種麥於寺中者御騶牧<a class="zhuhao" href="#2463" id="2455">〔五〕</a>，帝入寺觀馬，從官窺便室，有財産弓矢，牧守富豪所寄藏物萬計<a class="zhuhao" href="#2464" id="2456">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【御騶】已下文不足，應云御騶牧馬於寺中，帝入寺觀馬之人。御，侍也，使也。騶，側鳩切，厩御也。御騶，乃趣馬下士也。【觀焉】下或馬字。【從】去聲，隨行也。【便】房連切，僻也，安也。【牧守】州牧郡守也。</span> <span>時帝年二十四，春秋方富，寡於理學，覩其事符於<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>之言，由是下詔，焚破經像，惟留<span class="zhuanming">臺下</span>四寺如<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【帝年二十四】<span class="zhuanming">太武</span>年十一立，至<span class="zhuanming">真君</span>七年征<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，應云三十九。【方富】正盛于年也，來歲尚多也名富。【寡】少也。【符】相契合也。【唯留臺下四寺】已下文不足，應云四方僧寺有者，如<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>法除之。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">太平真君</span>五年，又下詔：『王公已下至於庶人，有私養沙門者，限其年二月十五日，過期不出，沙門身死，容者誅一門。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【太平真君五年】此年下詔，但禁斷私養沙門，六年<span class="zhuanming">蓋吴</span>反，七年帝御<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，始滅法。</span> <span>時<span class="zhuanming">宗恭</span>奉太子監國表諫：『刑殺沙門濫酷，又非圖像之罪。今宜罷其道，杜諸寺門，世不脩奉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2465" id="2457">〔七〕</a>，土木丹青，自然毁滅。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【罷】音皮，止也。【宗恭】内侍官，性至善。</span> <span>奏不行。是歲，太子<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>﹑師沙門<span class="zhuanming">玄高</span>，<span class="zhuanming">皓</span>譖皆死<a class="zhuhao" href="#2466" id="2458">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">与太子皆也。</span> <span>七年春三月，詔佛法一切蕩除，沙門無少長，悉坑之。<span class="zhuanming">宗恭</span>言雖不用，猶緩宣詔命，令遠近各得祕藏逃匿爲計。<span class="zhuanming">皓</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00400','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P400</span></i>死於十一年間，<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>彌留，爲閹人<span class="zhuanming">宗愛</span>所害。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>初都<span class="zhuanming">平城</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">拓跋</span>。至<span class="zhuanming">孝文皇帝</span>乃遷都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，方改姓<span class="zhuanming">元氏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">西魏</span>依<span class="zhuanming">宇文泰</span>都<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>撤<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>宫闕，都<span class="zhuanming">鄴城</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緩】慢也。【閹】音淹，男無精勢，掌官閤人曰閹。【宗愛】慶字悮也。</span> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寇</span>同從駕，<span class="zhuanming">寇</span>争而<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>不從。<span class="zhuanming">寇</span>曰：『卿今促年壽，滅門户矣。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu">竟臨誅，仍令溲其口小便也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【初崔寇】<span class="shuming">魏志</span>云：初<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>司徒，<span class="zhuanming">寇謙</span>與<span class="zhuanming">浩</span>争而<span class="zhuanming">崔</span>不從云云。【溲】音叟，小便也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2451" id="2459">〔一〕</a>因緣：爲佛教教義的基本概念。使事物生起﹑變化和壞滅的主要條件爲因，輔助條件爲緣。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷四：「尼陀那，此云因緣。<span class="zhuanming">什</span>曰：力强爲因，力弱爲緣。<span class="zhuanming">肇</span>曰：前緣相生，因也；現相助成，緣也。」因緣之教即指佛教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2452" id="2460">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">法果</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>僧，年四十爲沙門。<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">皇始</span>（三九六—三九七）年中，受<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span>之詔赴京師。後任僧統，綰攝僧徒。每與帝議事，意氣相通，供施甚厚。至<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>朝，愈發受到崇敬。<span class="zhuanming">永興</span>（四○九—四一三）年中，先後被授予<span class="zhuanming">輔國宜城子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">忠信侯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">安成公</span>之號，師固辭不受。帝曾親幸其居，以門巷狹小，不容輿輦，乃更擴大之。<span class="zhuanming">泰常</span>年中（四一六—四二三）示寂，年八十餘。帝三臨其喪，追贈「老壽將軍趙胡靈公」。見<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2453" id="2461">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">世祖</span>：<span class="zhuanming">拓跋燾</span>（公元四○八—四五二年），字<span class="zhuanming">佛狸</span>。<span class="zhuanming">北魏世祖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">太武皇帝</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2454" id="2462">〔四〕</a>散花：謂爲供佛而散撒花朵。<span class="zhuanming">楊衒之</span><span class="shuming">洛陽伽藍記</span><span class="shuming">景明寺</span>：「尚書祠部曹録像凡有一千餘軀。至（四月）八日，以次入<span class="zhuanming">宣陽門</span>，向<span class="zhuanming">閶闔宫</span>前受皇帝散花。」　稽顙：屈膝下拜，以額觸地，表示極度<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00401','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P401</span></i>虔誠。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">士喪禮</span>：「弔者致命，主人哭拜，稽顙成踊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2455" id="2463">〔五〕</a>騶：養馬的人。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一○上：「騶，厩御也。」　牧：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三下：「牧，養牛人也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2456" id="2464">〔六〕</a>便室：正室以外的别室。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">武帝紀</span>：「夏四月壬子，高園便殿火。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「凡言便殿﹑便室﹑便坐者，皆非正大之處，所以就便安也。」<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">彭寵傳</span>：「五年春，<span class="zhuanming">寵</span>齋，獨在便室。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注曰：「便坐之室，非正室也。」　牧守：州郡的長官。州官稱牧，郡官稱守。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">翟方進傳</span>：「持法刻深，舉奏牧守九卿，峻文深詆，中傷者尤多。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2457" id="2465">〔七〕</a>脩奉：修繕供奉。<span class="shuming">東觀漢記</span>卷一<span class="shuming">光武紀</span>：「宜脩奉<span class="zhuanming">濟陽</span><span class="zhuanming">成陽縣</span><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>帝之冢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2458" id="2466">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">釋玄高傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">崔皓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">寇天師</span>先得寵於<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>，恐<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>纂承之日奪其威柄，乃譖云：『太子前事，實有謀心。但結<span class="zhuanming">高公</span>道術，故令先帝降夢。如此物論，事迹稍形。若不誅除，必爲巨害。』<span class="zhuanming">燾</span>遂納之，勃然大怒，即敕收<span class="zhuanming">高</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高</span>先時嘗密語弟子云：『佛法應衰，吾與<span class="zhuanming">崇公</span>首當其禍乎？』于時聞者莫不慨然。」</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">周高祖</span>以沙門應黑讖。初<span class="zhuanming">太祖</span><span class="zhuanming">黑泰</span>挾<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>西奔，衣物旗幟盡尚黑，於後沙門並著黄衣，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>民尤忌。而<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人以爲莫黑匪烏，誅<span class="zhuanming">烏</span>姓也；莫黑匪豆，誅<span class="zhuanming">竇</span>姓也。有<span class="zhuanming">衛元嵩</span>反服<a class="zhuhao" href="#2472" id="2467">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">新繁縣</span>人，反服上狀沙汰。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【周高祖】<span class="zhuanming">周武帝</span>也。【太祖黑泰】<span class="zhuanming">宇文泰</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">黑獺</span>，任<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>封<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>。<span class="zhuanming">愍帝</span>即位，追謚爲<span class="zhuanming">文武</span>，廟爲<span class="zhuanming">周太祖</span>。【挾】音叶，持也，護也。【幟】音熾，旗也。【齊民尤忌】<span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>末年有讖云：「黑衣人當膺天位。」故<span class="zhuanming">齊文宣</span>欲誅<span class="zhuanming">稠禪師</span>，<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>以請問，帝曰：「有黑衣人當天位。」<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>曰：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00402','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P402</span></i>「此浪語也。黑莫過漆，漆可作也？」<span class="zhuanming">文宣</span>欲謬解，手殺第七弟<span class="zhuanming">换</span>，故可笑也。又<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>問<span class="zhuanming">實禪師</span>曰：「後運誰得？」<span class="zhuanming">實</span>曰：「非僧可知。」帝曰：「如讖云黑者應得。」<span class="zhuanming">實</span>曰：「如何至尊保信浪語？老烏大豆亦黑。」帝聞之，誅<span class="zhuanming">烏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">豆</span>二姓。本意疑<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子，故須除之。</span> <span>黄冠<span class="zhuanming">張賓</span>相耦耕，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">耦，對耕。以墾於宗教，春秋二五，耦<span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【張賓】黄冠道士也。【耦耕】上音偶，耜也，廣五寸二耜爲耦；下古莖切，犂也。<span class="shuming">周書</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>之時，天雨粟，<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>耕田而種。」</span> <span>帝躬受符籙。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【籙】道有三籙，謂金籙，王籙，黄籙，用處有籙三。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">天和</span>四年己丑春三月，大集三教有嘉聞者<a class="zhuhao" href="#2473" id="2468">〔二〕</a>，並文武二千餘人，僉議興廢，不克定。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘉聞】音加，善也，美也；下音問，名達曰聞。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰「令聞令望」是也。【僉】七廉切，皆也，咸也。</span> <span>夏四月，詔司隸<span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>詳較之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【司隸】下音麗，謂持節從中。都官徒屬二千二百人，督大妾猾，宜掌徒隸而巡察，故曰司隸也。【甄鸞】上音真，姓也；<span class="zhuanming">鸞</span>，名也。時爲司隸校尉。<span class="zhuanming">鸞甄</span>陰陽曆數之學博知，當世英名者也。</span> <span>五年，<span class="zhuanming">鸞</span>上<span class="shuming">笑道論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2474" id="2469">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">在藏。</span> <span>帝以彰露道法訛醜甚矣，俾燎之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【笑道論】<span class="shuming">笑道論</span>三卷，合三十六條。三卷，笑三洞之名，三十六條，笑三十六部。戰汗上呈，心魂失守。今略一條如：<span class="shuming">古太山天地記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>見<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>德衰，西度<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">尹喜</span>期三年後於<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>相見。後<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>至<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，打殺胡王子七人，國人一分並死。<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>遂變此形，左目爲日，右目爲月，頭爲<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>，心爲<span class="zhuanming">華蓋宫</span>，肝爲<span class="zhuanming">青帝宫</span>，脾爲<span class="zhuanming">紫微宫</span>。笑曰：以<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>度<span class="zhuanming">關</span>之日<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>都<span class="zhuanming">西周</span>言，<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>出<span class="zhuanming">西關</span>是何關也？<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>爲開闢之時，將以化物，詎可承乎？又<span class="shuming">記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>高四千八百里，上<span class="zhuanming">玉京山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大羅山</span>各高四千八百里。又，<span class="shuming">廣記</span>云：天地相去萬萬五千里，<span class="zhuanming">紫微宫</span>在五億重天之上，高<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>數百萬里，而<span class="zhuanming">老君</span>以脾爲<span class="zhuanming">紫微宫</span>，不知<span class="zhuanming">老君</span>死而何罪，倒豎於地，頭在下脾<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00403','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P403</span></i>在上也？更有多事，不能具之。【訛醜】上謬也，下穢也。如物之真僞也，其論甚顯道之訛謬醜惡之事。【俾燎】上並弭切，使也；下力召切，放火也。言<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>怒，使燒<span class="shuming">笑道論</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">道安</span>獻<span class="shuming">二教論</span>，帝謀稍寢<a class="zhuhao" href="#2475" id="2470">〔四〕</a>。至<span class="zhuanming">建德</span>三年夏五月，資二教相毁，其計復行，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">李</span>同棄於芻狗，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">芻狗，草作狗也。<span class="zhuanming">老子</span><span class="shuming">道經</span>：「以萬物爲芻狗也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【芻狗】上側隅切，刈草也。言出於<span class="shuming">莊</span>，可詳。</span> <span>坑像誅人，不可聞也。六年春，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>師克<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，自以爲滅教之祐。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">建德</span>六年正月十九日平<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，得<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>制傳玉璽，方四寸。文曰：「受命于天，既壽永昌。」得州五十五，郡一百六十一，縣三百八十五，户三百萬二千五百二十八，口三千萬二千八百八十六。二月師還。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【六年春周師克齊】<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">建德</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2476" id="2471">〔五〕</a>六年，當<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span><span class="zhuanming">承光</span>元年，幼主<span class="zhuanming">恒</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">周</span>師所獲，送<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>封帝爲<span class="zhuanming">温國公</span>。注云五年，應較。【璽】音徙。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：王者印也。所以主從土爾聲也。【得州五十】<span class="shuming">周書</span>云：得州五十五。【户】三百萬二千五百四十，應云二十也。【口三十萬】十字合是千字。</span> <span>七年，改元曰<span class="zhuanming">宣政</span>，是歲不及嘗而崩於<span class="zhuanming">雲陽</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嘗，秋祭也。六月帝崩，太子<span class="zhuanming">贇</span>立，曰<span class="zhuanming">宣帝</span>，改元<span class="zhuanming">宣政</span>。又改<span class="zhuanming">大成</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大象</span>。年荒淫酒色，入市人税各一錢。尋立太子爲帝，自稱<span class="zhuanming">天元皇帝</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘗】初﹑稀﹑烝﹑嘗，乃四時祭名也。【宣帝】<span class="zhuanming">贇</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">乾伯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>長子，改元<span class="zhuanming">宣政</span>元。二年春正月，改<span class="zhuanming">大成</span>元。二月，改<span class="zhuanming">大象</span>元，禪位於子。<span class="zhuanming">太武</span>者悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2467" id="2472">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">衛元嵩</span>：<span class="zhuanming">益州</span><span class="zhuanming">成都</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷三五有傳。　反服：脱掉僧服而穿俗服。謂還俗。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2468" id="2473">〔二〕</a>嘉聞：美名，好的聲譽。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公三十二年</span>：「卜人謁之，曰：『生有嘉聞，其名曰友，爲公室輔。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「嘉名聞於世。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00404','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P404</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2469" id="2474">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>（公元五三五—五六六年），字<span class="zhuanming">叔遵</span>，<span class="zhuanming">無極</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">河北省</span><span class="zhuanming">無極縣</span>）人，官司隸校尉﹑<span class="zhuanming">漢中</span>太守。信佛教，著<span class="shuming">笑道論</span>爲佛教辯護，破斥道教。載<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷九。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2470" id="2475">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">二教論</span>：全一卷，論述儒佛二教大旨並比較其優劣之作。全篇由問答體而成。載<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷八。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2471" id="2476">〔五〕</a>德：原無，據義補。</span> </p><p> <span>「夫貪夫重利，何顧於君親？如<span class="zhuanming">商臣</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蒯聵</span>，無避惡也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2481" id="2477">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">商臣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚成王</span>太子也。弑父，仍加惡謚，父目不瞑，改謚爲「成」，乃瞑，受唅。<span class="zhuanming">蒯聵</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>太子，欲殺母<span class="zhuanming">南子</span>，不捷，遂奔。公薨，乃立<span class="zhuanming">蒯聵</span>之子<span class="zhuanming">輒</span>。父子相攻争國，出入相殺，豈避於惡名也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蒯聵】上苦恠切，下五恠切。<span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>太子。【不捷】下疾葉切，獲也，成也，克也，勝也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">拓跋</span>以譖言而殺元子<a class="zhuhao" href="#2482" id="2478">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太子<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">宗愛</span>譖，云：「淫于内。」帝怒。<span class="zhuanming">晃</span>懼誅，將謀逆。帝乃詐死，使召太子。至，以鐵籠罩之，撻三百，遂殺之，擲棘中。常侍<span class="zhuanming">宗愛</span>尋害帝。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">宇文</span>以猜忌而害冢宰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉公</span><span class="zhuanming">宇文護</span>，爲太宰，執政。帝疑忌之。<span class="zhuanming">建德</span>元年三月，帝自以簡擊殺之於宫内，帝自揔萬機。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宇文】<span class="zhuanming">神農氏</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>所滅，子孫遁居北方者。<span class="zhuanming">鮮曰</span>俗呼草爲俟汾，以<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>有嘗草之功，因自號<span class="zhuanming">俟汾</span>。其後音訛，遂爲<span class="zhuanming">宇文氏</span>。【猜忌】上倉才切，疑也，恨也，忌諱也，憎惡也。【冢宰】<span class="shuming">周禮天官</span>號<span class="zhuanming">太冢宰</span>。</span> <span>彼尚鯨鯢於骨肉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2483" id="2479">〔三〕</a>，而豈能仁恕於道德乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鯨鯢之魚，大而好鬪。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鯨鯢】上巨京切，大魚也；下五稽切，大魚，似鯰，四足，聲如雷。或云雄曰鯨，雌曰鯢，好鬪也。</span> <span>故今三尺童子，無不抵掌太息於其事也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">抵掌，擊手掌而譚説也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抵掌】上音底。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：側手擊也。【於】音烏，嗚呼，嗟歎詞也。</span> <span>哀彼二<span class="zhuanming">武</span>，不得爲鬼，何厚顔於祖考乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2484" id="2480">〔四〕</a>？」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00405','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P405</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2477" id="2481">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公元年</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">楚子</span>將以<span class="zhuanming">商臣</span>爲大子，訪諸令尹<span class="zhuanming">子上</span>。<span class="zhuanming">子上</span>曰：『君之齒未也，而又多愛，黜乃亂也。<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span>之舉，恒在少者。且是人也，蠭目而豺聲，忍人也，不可立也。』弗聽。既，又欲立<span class="zhuanming">王子職</span>，而黜大子<span class="zhuanming">商臣</span>。<span class="zhuanming">商臣</span>聞之而未察，告其師<span class="zhuanming">潘崇</span>曰：『若之何而察之？』<span class="zhuanming">潘崇</span>曰：『享<span class="zhuanming">江芈</span>而勿敬也。』從之。<span class="zhuanming">江芈</span>怒曰：『呼！役夫！宜君王之欲殺女而立<span class="zhuanming">職</span>也。』告<span class="zhuanming">潘崇</span>曰：『信矣。』<span class="zhuanming">潘崇</span>曰：『能事諸乎？』曰：『不能。』『能行乎？』曰：『不能。』『能行大事乎？』曰：『能。』冬十月，以宫甲圍<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>。王請食熊蹯而死，弗聽。丁未，王縊。謚之曰『靈』，不瞑；曰『成』，乃瞑。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2478" id="2482">〔二〕</a>元子：天子﹑諸侯的嫡長子。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">微子之命</span>：「王若曰：猷，<span class="zhuanming">殷王</span>元子。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2479" id="2483">〔三〕</a>鯨鯢：比喻兇惡的敵人。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十二年</span>：「古者明王伐不敬，取其鯨鯢而封之，以爲大戮。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「鯨鯢，大魚名，以喻不義之人吞食小國。」　骨肉：比喻至親，指父母兄弟子女等親人。<span class="shuming">墨子</span><span class="shuming">尚賢下</span>：「當王公大人之於此也，雖有骨肉之親，無故富貴，面目美好者，實知其不能也，必不使。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2480" id="2484">〔四〕</a>厚顔：慚愧，難爲情。<span class="shuming">周書</span>卷一<span class="shuming">文帝紀上</span>：「朕以不德，負乘致寇。今日相見，深用厚顔。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">靈太后</span>造浮圖，罄億兆之産，屹若造化，人實保之，天若棄之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2487" id="2485">〔一〕</a>。故一朝爲災，煙焰赩乎九垓，蒸焦貫於重垠。未喻天意<a class="zhuhao" href="#2488" id="2486">〔二〕</a>，可得辯乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靈太后】<span class="zhuanming">胡氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣武帝</span>氏后也。<span class="zhuanming">宣武帝</span>崩，<span class="zhuanming">肅宗</span><span class="zhuanming">孝明帝</span>翊立，太后臨朝攝制。【罄億兆】上罄，盡也。十萬曰億，十億曰兆。【屹】魚迄切，山皃也。【災】天火曰災。【赩】許極切，大赤也。【垓】音該，極也。【烝焦】火氣上行爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00406','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P406</span></i>烝，傷火曰焦。【重垠】上平呼，複也，疊也；下音銀，岸也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2485" id="2487">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">魏靈太后</span>：<span class="zhuanming">魏宣武帝</span>皇后<span class="zhuanming">胡氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span><span class="zhuanming">臨涇</span>（今屬<span class="zhuanming">甘肅</span><span class="zhuanming">鎮原縣</span>）人。　浮圖：指佛塔。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「凡宫塔制度，猶依<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>舊狀而重構之，從一級至三﹑五﹑七﹑九，世人相承，謂之『浮圖』，或云『佛圖』。」　屹：高聳。　造化：自然界。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2486" id="2488">〔二〕</a>赩：大紅色。這裏作動詞，火光照紅。　九垓：九層，指天。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四八<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span><span class="shuming">封禪文</span>：「上暢九垓，下泝八埏。」　喻：明白。</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「夫物以合度爲德，失度爲孽。爲德則常，爲孽則亡。<span class="zhuanming">胡氏</span>孽矣，過於大壯故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2499" id="2489">〔一〕</a>。豈神鬼之庸，蓋人力也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孽】魚列切，災也。【鬼神之庸】若使鬼爲之則神勞，使人力爲之則民苦矣。</span> <span>其高千尺，其層有九。刹上金瓶容二十五斛，金承露盤一十一重，四角鐵鏁，四道引刹，並垂金鐸<a class="zhuhao" href="#2500" id="2490">〔二〕</a>，如一斛器。四面各有三門，間以六窗。朱扉鏤鐶，繡柱金鋪。秋風朗夜，熠爚耀空<a class="zhuhao" href="#2501" id="2491">〔三〕</a>。鏗鏘之響，聞十餘里。延袤博敞，登降峥嶸，居<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>爲第一也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2502" id="2492">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「古者穴居而野處，後世聖人易之以宫室。上棟下宇，以待風雨。蓋取諸大壯，未有違謙越禮，能其壯者也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斛】胡谷切，十斗曰斛。【鏤鐶】上音漏。<span class="shuming">書傳</span>云：鏤剛鐵也；下音環，户扉所啣者。【繡柱】五色備曰繡柱。【金鋪】<span class="shuming">蜀都賦</span>云：金鋪交映，玉題相暉，金鋪爲門，上飾以金也。【熠爚】上以立切，盛光也；下音藥，光明也。【延袤】延，遠也，長也；下音茂，南北曰袤。【博敞】上廣也，通也；下昌兩切，高顯也。【峥嶸】峻峭皃也。【宇】大也。宗非。</span> <span>雖盛則極矣。而南有<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00407','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P407</span></i>强鄰，中分日月<a class="zhuhao" href="#2503" id="2493">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時太后居<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武</span>據<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>。</span> <span>國有姧臣，求主之瘼。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">爾朱榮</span>之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瘼】謨落切，病也。【爾朱榮】此<span class="zhuanming">秀容</span>胡人，居<span class="zhuanming">爾朱川</span>，因以爲氏。</span> <span>金玉既竭，物役亦苦<a class="zhuhao" href="#2504" id="2494">〔六〕</a>。其後<span class="zhuanming">爾朱</span>乘釁，震動<span class="zhuanming">瀍</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2505" id="2495">〔七〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">河橋</span>之下，衣冠葬於魚鼈矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2506" id="2496">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太后不脩德政，<span class="zhuanming">爾朱榮</span>等抗表云：「今海内皆言：『先帝爲鴆毒所害。奉未言之兒，以臨四海。』」<span class="zhuanming">榮</span>乃率衆渡<span class="zhuanming">河</span>，遂至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。使騎拘太后及<span class="zhuanming">少主</span>等，並沉于<span class="zhuanming">河</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瀍洛】上直連切，<span class="shuming">禹貢</span>：<span class="zhuanming">荆河</span>惟<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瀍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">澗</span>。注云<span class="zhuanming">伊</span>出<span class="zhuanming">陸渾山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>出<span class="zhuanming">洛山</span>，（<span class="zhuanming">澗</span>出）<span class="zhuanming">沔池山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瀍</span>出<span class="zhuanming">河南</span><span class="zhuanming">北山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2507" id="2497">〔九〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">瀍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>乃水也。【河橋】<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>時，於<span class="zhuanming">河</span>陰乃浮橋，沉太后﹑<span class="zhuanming">少帝</span>於此。注云遂至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>者，悮。【鴆】直禁切，鳥名。<span class="shuming">廣志</span>云：其鳥大如鴞，紫緑色，有毒，頸常七八寸，食蛇蝮。雄曰運目，雌曰陰目。皆以其毛歷飲食，則殺人也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span>尚書<span class="zhuanming">張離</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張良</span>各起一大塔。<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>謂之曰：『事佛在於清浄無欲<a class="zhuhao" href="#2508" id="2498">〔一○〕</a>，慈矜爲心。檀越宣奉大法，貪恡未已，畋獵無度，積聚無窮，方受見世之罪，何福報之可希？』<span class="zhuanming">耶離</span>等後並被誅。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【後趙】<span class="zhuanming">石氏</span>。【矜】音兢，憐也。【貪恡未已】貪，婪也，探也，入他分也；次音藺，惜也，恨也；未，無也。已，盡也。<span class="shuming">尚書</span>有<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之官，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>六卿之職也。【畋】音田，取禽獸也。【獵】天下多獸，故教人以獵也。【見】音現。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2489" id="2499">〔一〕</a>大壯：<span class="shuming">易</span>六十四卦之一，即乾下震上，爲陽剛盛長之象。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">大壯</span>：「大壯，利貞。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「壯者，强盛之名。以陽稱大，陽長既多，是大者盛壯，故曰大壯。」<span class="zhuanming">魏靈太后</span>臨朝稱制十三年，定奪國家大事，駕馭衆多臣僚，自行不修，富於心志。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2490" id="2500">〔二〕</a>金鐸：銅鈴。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">地官</span><span class="shuming">鼓人</span>：「以金鐸通鼓。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「鐸，大鈴也。振之以通鼓。<span class="shuming">司馬職</span>曰：司<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00408','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P408</span></i>馬振鐸。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2491" id="2501">〔三〕</a>熠爚：光彩。<span class="zhuanming">王粲</span><span class="shuming">神女賦</span>：「錯繽紛以雜袿，佩熠爚而焜煌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2492" id="2502">〔四〕</a>延袤：綿延伸展。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">蒙恬列傳</span>：「築長城，因地形，用制險塞，起<span class="zhuanming">臨洮</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>，延袤萬餘里。」　博敞：寬廣。<span class="zhuanming">王延壽</span><span class="shuming">魯靈光殿賦</span>：「迢嶢倜儻，豐麗博敞，洞轇轕乎，其無垠也。」　登降：上下。指從低處到高處，從高處到低處。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷七<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">甘泉賦</span>：「登降峛崺，單埢垣兮。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「登降，上下也。」　峥嶸：卓越，不平凡。　<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">南贍部洲</span>。爲此方人類居住的世界，亦用作人世間之稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2493" id="2503">〔五〕</a>中分：均分。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">項羽本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">項</span>乃與<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>約，中分天下。」　日月：猶天地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2494" id="2504">〔六〕</a>物役：爲外界事物所役使。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷二五<span class="zhuanming">謝瞻</span><span class="shuming">答靈運</span>：「獨夜無物役，寢者亦云寧。」<span class="zhuanming">張銑</span>注：「無物役，謂無事役己也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2495" id="2505">〔七〕</a>乘釁：利用機會。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">臧洪傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">漢室</span>不幸，皇綱失統，賊臣<span class="zhuanming">董卓</span>乘釁縱害。」　<span class="zhuanming">瀍</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>：<span class="zhuanming">瀍水</span>和<span class="zhuanming">洛水</span>的並稱。這裏指<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">東周</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>等朝都城（今<span class="zhuanming">河南省</span><span class="zhuanming">洛陽市</span>，地處<span class="zhuanming">瀍水</span>兩岸﹑<span class="zhuanming">洛水</span>之北）。故多以二水連稱謂其地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2496" id="2506">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">河橋</span>：橋名。故址在今<span class="zhuanming">河南省</span><span class="zhuanming">孟州</span>西南﹑<span class="zhuanming">孟津縣</span>東北<span class="zhuanming">黄河</span>上。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">泰始</span>中<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>以<span class="zhuanming">孟津渡</span>險，始建浮橋於<span class="zhuanming">富平津</span>，世稱<span class="zhuanming">河橋</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2497" id="2507">〔九〕</a>陸：原誤作「佳」，「<span class="zhuanming">澗</span>出」原無。按：<span class="shuming">尚書</span><span class="shuming">禹貢</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">荆河</span>惟<span class="zhuanming">豫州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瀍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">澗</span>，既入於<span class="zhuanming">河</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>傳：「<span class="zhuanming">伊</span>出<span class="zhuanming">陸渾山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>出<span class="zhuanming">上洛山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">澗</span>出<span class="zhuanming">沔池山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">瀍</span>出<span class="zhuanming">河</span>南<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>，四水合流而入<span class="zhuanming">河</span>。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00409','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P409</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2498" id="2508">〔一○〕</a>清浄：指斷絶煩惱妄想。<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷一六：「暫永遠離一切惡行煩惱垢，故名爲清浄。」</span> </p><p> <span>「惟人心無寄<a class="zhuhao" href="#2514" id="2509">〔一〕</a>，故託塔像以辯理詣，則宜見聖人慈恕之心矣。若外伐佞善，内祕殘虐，必業害所鍾，非聖力而能黨之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伐佞】上自矜也；下音甯，口才也。【鍾】當也，聚也。</span> <span>且<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>割肌塗膚，等情無二。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>有三平等：一左以旃檀塗，右以利刀割，中一人非塗非割。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>於此三人，心皆平等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三平等】即大悲三念住也。</span> <span>曷可以一塔而與其非善乎？故爲善者，當以善至善，不可以非善至善。<span class="shuming">書</span>云：『牝雞無晨。牝雞之晨，惟家之索。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2515" id="2510">〔二〕</a>荒哉<span class="zhuanming">胡后</span>，索<span class="zhuanming">元氏</span>之家矣！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">牧誓</span>文也。以婦人知國政，喻母雞代雄雞鳴，則人家當蕭索也。喻<span class="zhuanming">胡后</span>知政。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【牝雞】雌雞。【索】蘇各切，盡也，散也。</span> <span>雖欲樹不世之功，而實營家之不造焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2516" id="2511">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">後魏</span><span class="zhuanming">靈太后</span><span class="zhuanming">胡氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣武</span>之后﹑<span class="zhuanming">孝明</span>之母也，曰<span class="zhuanming">胡充華</span>，尊爲皇后。<span class="zhuanming">孝明</span>幼，太后臨朝稱制，淫亂於朝。命侍臣射，不能者罰之。自射針孔，中之大悦。大臣宣淫有<span class="zhuanming">楊白花</span>者，有才皃，后逼之。<span class="zhuanming">白花</span>懼禍及，乃奔<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>。太后追思不已，令文士作歌詞，日夜令宫人連唱踏，聲甚悽切矣。黄門侍郎<span class="zhuanming">元順</span>諫之。<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>崩，后臨朝。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不造】至也。【胡充華】九嬪之職，云順儀﹑順容﹑順華﹑脩儀﹑脩容﹑脩華﹑充儀﹑充容﹑充華。太后<span class="zhuanming">胡氏</span>，昔爲充華。【楊白花】<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>將名，<span class="zhuanming">楊太眼</span>子。</span> <span><span class="shuming">書</span>曰：『黍禝非馨，明德惟馨。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2517" id="2512">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span>曰：『東鄰殺牛，不如西鄰之禴祭。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2518" id="2513">〔五〕</a>言鬼神享於克誠，而況聖人乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【書曰】<span class="shuming">君陳</span>文也。【易曰】<span class="shuming">既濟</span>卦文。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00410','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P410</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2509" id="2514">〔一〕</a>無寄：没有着落，無所寄託。<span class="zhuanming">王謐</span><span class="shuming">答桓太尉書</span>：「佛教之根要，今若謂三世爲虚誕，罪福爲畏懼，則<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>之所明，殆將無寄矣！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2510" id="2515">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">牧誓</span>。牝雞無晨：母雞不報曉，比喻婦女不掌朝政。母雞報曉，則婦女竊權亂政。索：<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「索，盡也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2511" id="2516">〔三〕</a>不世：一世所無，意即極不平凡﹑非常了不起。　不造：不幸。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">周頌</span><span class="shuming">閔予小子</span>：「閔予小子，遭家不造。」<span class="zhuanming">馬瑞辰</span><span class="shuming">通釋</span>：「不爲語詞。造與戚一聲之轉，古通用。則<span class="shuming">詩</span>云『遭家不造』，猶云遭家戚，即後世所謂丁家艱也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2512" id="2517">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">君陳</span>：「至治馨香，感于神明。黍稷非馨，明德惟馨。」黍稷：泛指五穀。馨：散發的香氣。明德：美德。惟：是。真正能夠發出香氣的是美德。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2513" id="2518">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">既濟</span>：「九五，東鄰殺牛，不如西鄰之禴祭，實受其福。」禴：祭名。<span class="zhuanming">夏</span><span class="zhuanming">商</span>兩代在春天舉行，<span class="zhuanming">周代</span>在夏天舉行。</span> </p><p> <span>「或有謂不道之財爲善，猶愈於濟惡，不宜顯貶者，彼乃阿利容非﹑輕本重末之士也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2527" id="2519">〔一〕</a>。夫沙門貯販爲像，律家不禮<a class="zhuhao" href="#2528" id="2520">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不重，非道也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愈】勝也。【濟】子計切，益也，成也，惠也。【阿利】曲也，黨也，近也，二字一句。【貯販】上知吕切，積也，藏也；下方萬切，買賤賣貴也。【律家不禮】<span class="shuming">根本僧祇律</span>制。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">狐丘</span>盜財爲食，義士却吐<a class="zhuhao" href="#2529" id="2521">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">袁精目</span>者，嘗飢於道，<span class="zhuanming">狐丘之</span>見而餉之。因問：「子何人也？」曰：「我<span class="zhuanming">狐丘之</span>，憫子飢，竊父飯以餉子也。」曰：「吾義士也，不食子無義之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00411','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P411</span></i>食。」遂兩手據地，嘔之而死矣。出<span class="shuming">列子</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【竊父飯】異於<span class="shuming">列子</span>。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：『父母既没，必求仁者之粟以祀之，此之謂禮。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2530" id="2522">〔四〕</a>是知財由不義<a class="zhuhao" href="#2531" id="2523">〔五〕</a>，不爲福也。若使誠如所論，蓋小人於不道中自辯優劣，其由賞兇酗之子<a class="zhuhao" href="#2532" id="2524">〔六〕</a>，以不繼父爲德；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不紹父凶酗爲德。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【兇酗】上音凶，惡也；下音煦，酒醉怒也。<span class="shuming">微子</span>云：沉酗於酒。言<span class="zhuanming">紂</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2533" id="2525">〔七〕</a>沉湎酗醟也。</span> <span>胠篋之盜，以能行仁義爲賢<a class="zhuhao" href="#2534" id="2526">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">鬼谷子</span>曰：「胠篋探囊。」胠，旁也。從傍開取物爲胠也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【胠篋】上音墟，下苦恊切，箱篋也。</span> <span>非是昭大典之流訓也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2519" id="2527">〔一〕</a>濟惡：謂相助作惡。　阿：曲從，迎合。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一<span class="shuming">周語上</span>：「弗諫而阿之。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「阿，隨也。」　容：容納。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2520" id="2528">〔二〕</a>貯：貯藏。　販：買賣。　律家：指研究佛教戒律的人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2521" id="2529">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">説符</span>：「東方有人焉，曰<span class="zhuanming">爰旌目</span>，將有適也，而餓於道。<span class="zhuanming">狐父</span>之盜曰<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>，見而下壺餐以餔之。<span class="zhuanming">爰旌目</span>三餔而後能視，曰：『子何爲者也？』曰：『我<span class="zhuanming">狐父</span>之人<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>也。』<span class="zhuanming">爰旌目</span>曰：『譆！汝非盜耶？胡爲而食我？吾義，不食子之食也。』兩手據地而歐之，不出，喀喀然，遂伏而死。<span class="zhuanming">狐父</span>之人則盜矣，而食非盜也。以人之盜因謂食爲盜而不敢食，是失名實者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2522" id="2530">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">祭義</span>：「父母既没，必求仁者之粟以祀之，此之謂禮終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2523" id="2531">〔五〕</a>不義：不合道義。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「不義而富且貴，於我如浮雲。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2524" id="2532">〔六〕</a>兇酗：狂飲爛醉。<span class="zhuanming">元稹</span><span class="shuming">賽神</span>：「喧闐里閭隘，兇酗日夜頻。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00412','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P412</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2525" id="2533">〔七〕</a>紂：原誤作「討」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2526" id="2534">〔八〕</a>胠篋：撬開箱子。泛指盜竊。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">胠篋</span>：「將爲胠篋﹑探囊﹑發匱之盜而爲守備，則必攝緘縢，固扃鐍，此世俗之所謂知也。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>盡志弘宣，名冠宇宙，宜天勳遐統，降天永命，何分崩離析，骨肉相殘，非畢世而有裕乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2536" id="2535">〔一〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梁武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭衍</span>受<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>禪，志崇佛教，宗廟素食，身披法服，捨身入寺，臣下具錢贖歸。至<span class="zhuanming">侯景</span>作逆，<span class="zhuanming">石頭城</span>陷，憤悶而崩。<span class="zhuanming">簡文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孝元</span>，並皆遇害也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勳】功勳也。【裕】慶也，福也。【禪】音膳，讓也，傳授也。又，代也。【贖】貿也。【憤】懣也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2535" id="2536">〔一〕</a>遐統：悠久的傳統。<span class="zhuanming">曹植</span><span class="shuming">制命宗聖侯孔羡奉家祀碑</span>：「維<span class="zhuanming">黄初</span>元年，<span class="zhuanming">大魏</span>受命，胤<span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>之高縱，紹<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之遐統。」　永命：長命。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">召誥</span>：「王其德之用，祈天永命。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「言王當其德之用，求天長命以歷年。」　畢世：猶畢生。</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「曆數在天，知微在聖，而賢者猶其昧之，況謏才之所宜言乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2548" id="2537">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謏，寡薄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謏】蓧﹑叟二音，皆云小也。</span> <span>大統<span class="zhuanming">蕭氏</span>膺大寶之位<a class="zhuhao" href="#2549" id="2538">〔二〕</a>，行聖人之教，或不見聖人之心遠矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膺】當也。</span> <span>夫服文彩，帶利劒，負扆以臨群后，何必損己爲臺隸乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2550" id="2539">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臺隸，賤者。又作皂隸，通。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【負扆】上音婦，背也；下於豈切，户牖間也。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注<span class="shuming">儀禮</span>云：扆如綈素屏風，畫斧文以威也。亦云天子所居也。【后】君也。【臺隸】輿之臣曰隸。隸，第七籌人也。僕臣曰臺。臺，第十等人也。</span> <span>必若猒黄屋﹑齊卑宫<a class="zhuhao" href="#2551" id="2540">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">齊，好也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黄屋】天子黄繒爲蓋裏也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00413','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P413</span></i>【齊卑宫】上好也。卑宫，僧寺便房也。</span> <span>胡不歷有德而高讓，履金繩而不返<a class="zhuhao" href="#2552" id="2541">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">胡，何也。<span class="zhuanming">祇園</span>以金繩界地<a class="zhuhao" href="#2553" id="2542">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>豈俟君臣之請歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>居萬乘之尊，三度捨身，没常住以供賤隸，朝臣以錢一萬意贖之，遂還。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">唐堯</span>僞讓以享福，<span class="zhuanming">夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>真讓而致餒。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2554" id="2543">〔七〕</a>況<span class="zhuanming">梁氏</span>兼亡於真僞乎？雖四十五年<span class="zhuanming">江表</span>無事，而政刑襄缺，禮樂崩弛，征徭不減，鰥寡無告<a class="zhuhao" href="#2555" id="2544">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【唐堯】<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>云真僞等者，<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">楊朱篇</span>：昔者<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>僞以天下讓<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>，善養而不失天下，享祚百年。<span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>實<span class="zhuanming">孤竹國</span>君，讓而終亡其國，餓死于<span class="zhuanming">首陽山</span>下。實僞如此其省乎？【弛】音豕，釋也。【征徭】上音正，軍行也；下音遥，夫役也。【鰥寡】<span class="shuming">孟子</span>曰：老而無妻曰鰥，老而無夫曰寡，老而無子曰獨，幼而無父曰孤，此四者，天下之窮民而無告者，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>發政施仁，必先四者。<span class="zhuanming">鄭氏</span>云：六十無妻曰鰥，五十無夫曰寡。</span> <span>君倡臣和，父倡子和，自謂無爲致理<a class="zhuhao" href="#2556" id="2545">〔九〕</a>，高談治國，遂使<span class="zhuanming">侯景</span>伺隟，憑天作威。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【倡】導先曰倡。【伺隙】下丘戟切，仇怨也。</span> <span>既喪其身，亦棄其族。上九在元，安得無悔<a class="zhuhao" href="#2557" id="2546">〔一○〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾卦</span>上九辭云：「亢龍有悔。處上位之極。爲言知進不知退，知存不知亡，知得而不知喪也。」<span class="zhuanming">太清</span>元年，<span class="zhuanming">侯景</span>反於<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>，遂濟<span class="zhuanming">江</span>圍<span class="zhuanming">臺城</span>。<span class="zhuanming">陳帝</span>之十失，援軍莫有鬭志，遂陷<span class="zhuanming">臺城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">景</span>自爲丞相。帝憂憤成病，口苦，索蜜不得，荷荷而卒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2558" id="2547">〔一一〕</a>，年八十六。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亢】苦浪切，極也，高也。【壽陽】應云<span class="zhuanming">壽春</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">淮南</span>界。若<span class="zhuanming">壽陽</span>，乃<span class="zhuanming">太原縣</span>名，悮。【援】救也，助也。【年八十六】應云八十三。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2537" id="2548">〔一〕</a>曆數：指帝王繼承的次序。古代認爲帝位相承和天象運行次序相應。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">堯曰</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>曰：『咨！爾<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，天之曆數在爾躬，允執其中。』」　知微：謂有預見，看出事物發展變化的細微徵兆。<span class="shuming">國語</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00414','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P414</span></i>卷八<span class="shuming">晉語二</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">縶</span>敏且知禮，敬以知微。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2538" id="2549">〔二〕</a>大統：帝業，帝位。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">武成</span>：「我文考<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，克成厥勳，誕膺天命，以撫方夏，大邦畏其力，小邦懷其德，惟九年大統未集。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2539" id="2550">〔三〕</a>文彩：華美的衣服。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">貨殖列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>帶山海，膏壤千里，宜桑麻，人民多文綵布帛魚鹽。」　負扆：背靠屏風。指皇帝臨朝聽政。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">正論</span>：「居則設張容，負依而坐，諸侯趨走乎堂下。」<span class="zhuanming">楊倞</span>注：「户牖之閒謂之依，亦作扆。扆﹑依音同。」　臺隸：地位最低下的奴僕。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四二<span class="shuming">濟南安王康傳</span>：「輿馬臺隸，應爲科品。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「臺﹑隸，賤職也。<span class="shuming">左氏傳</span>曰『人有十等，王臣公，公臣卿，卿臣大夫，大夫臣士，士臣阜，阜臣輿，輿臣隸，隸臣僚，僚臣僕，僕臣臺』也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2540" id="2551">〔四〕</a>黄屋：帝王專用的黄繒車蓋。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">秦始皇本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子嬰</span>度次得嗣，冠玉冠，佩華紱，車黄屋。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span>曰：「黄屋者，蓋以黄爲裏。」借指帝王所居宫室。　卑宫：指簡陋的宫室。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>，吾無間然矣！菲飲食而致孝乎鬼神，惡衣服而致美乎黻冕，卑宫室而盡力乎溝洫。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2541" id="2552">〔五〕</a>高讓：辭讓，拱手相讓。<span class="zhuanming">陸雲</span><span class="shuming">盛德頌</span>序：「陛下猶復允執高讓，成功靡有。」　金繩：佛經謂<span class="zhuanming">離垢國</span>（<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>成佛之國）用以分别界限的金製繩索。見<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>：「世界名<span class="zhuanming">離垢</span>，清浄無瑕穢，以琉璃爲地，金繩界其道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2542" id="2553">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">祇園</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">祇樹給孤獨園</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span>。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>成道後，<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國給孤獨長者</span>用黄金購置<span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>南<span class="zhuanming">祇陀太子</span>園地，建築精舍，請<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>説法。<span class="zhuanming">祇陀太子</span>奉獻了園内的樹木，故以二人名字命名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2543" id="2554">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">楊朱</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>僞以天下讓<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善卷</span>，而不失天下，享祚百年。<span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔齊</span>實以<span class="zhuanming">孤竹</span>君讓而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00415','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P415</span></i>終亡其國，餓死於<span class="zhuanming">首陽</span>之山。實僞之辯，如此其省也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2544" id="2555">〔八〕</a>政刑：政令和刑罰。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">隱公十一年</span>：「君子謂<span class="zhuanming">鄭莊公</span>失政刑矣。政以治民，刑以正邪。既無德政，又無威刑，是以及邪。」　襄：同「攘」，掃除。　崩弛：涣散，敗壞。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷二<span class="shuming">版法</span>：「故曰：費怨起而不復反，衆勞而不得息，必有崩弛堵壞之心。」　無告：孤苦無處投訴。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「不虐無告，不廢困窮。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「不苛虐鰥寡孤獨無所告者，必哀矜之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2545" id="2556">〔九〕</a>致理：猶致治。<span class="shuming">資治通鑑</span>卷二四六<span class="shuming">唐文宗開成五年</span>：「致理之要，在於辯群臣之邪正。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2546" id="2557">〔一○〕</a>上九：<span class="shuming">易</span>卦在第六位的陽爻叫上九。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「上九：亢龍，有悔。」<span class="shuming">文言</span>釋曰：「貴而無位，高而無民，賢人在下位而無輔，是以動而有悔也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2547" id="2558">〔一一〕</a>荷荷：象聲詞，怨恨聲。</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>曰：『弟子常欲齊戒不殺，迫以身徇於物<a class="zhuhao" href="#2565" id="2559">〔一〕</a>，不獲從志，法師何以教之？』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【求那跋摩】此云<span class="zhuanming">功德鎧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">元壽</span>年至。【徇】辭閏切，自衒名也。非此所用，宜此徇字，以身從物。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">跋摩</span>曰：『帝王與匹夫，所脩各異。匹夫身賤名劣，言令不威。若不克己苦躬，將何爲用？帝王以四海爲家，萬民爲子，出一嘉言，士女以悦，布一善政，人神以和，固當刑不夭命，役無勞力<a class="zhuhao" href="#2566" id="2560">〔二〕</a>，則使風雨順時，寒暖應節，百穀滋繁，桑麻鬱茂。如此持齊，齊亦大矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2567" id="2561">〔三〕</a>。如此不殺，德亦衆矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">清潔爲齊，防非爲戒。</span> <span>寧在闕半日之餐，全一禽之命，然後方爲弘濟耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#2568" id="2562">〔四〕</a>？』帝撫几曰：『法師所言，真謂開悟人心，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00416','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P416</span></i>明達物理，可謂談於人天之際矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2569" id="2563">〔五〕</a>。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【撫】方武切，持也，按也。【几】几筵。</span> <span>懿哉若人！非獨誘進於真門，抑亦俾興於王化，而齊之與戒，雖天子至庶人達其至理，猶五孝不同其經也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2570" id="2564">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天子以博愛廣敬爲孝，諸侯以不驕謹法爲孝，卿大夫以遵法約禮爲孝，士以愛父同君爲孝，庶人以謹身養親爲孝。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【懿】雖冀切，美也，温柔聖克。【若】如也，汝也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2559" id="2565">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>：此云<span class="zhuanming">功德鎧</span>，本刹利種，累世爲王，治在<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三有傳。　齊戒：修身自警。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「聖人以此齊戒，以神明其德夫。」<span class="zhuanming">韓康伯</span>注：「洗心曰齊，防患曰戒。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「聖人以易道自齊自戒，謂照了吉凶，齊戒其身。」古人祭祀之前，必沐浴更衣，不喝酒，不吃葷，不與妻妾同寢，以示虔誠莊敬，稱爲齋戒。佛教則指八關齋戒。　不殺：不斷其命。<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公九年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">葵丘</span>之會，陳牲而不殺。」　徇：順從，曲從。身徇於物即曲從世俗。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2560" id="2566">〔二〕</a>夭命：短命。<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷一<span class="shuming">氣壽</span>：「物有爲實，枯死而墮。人有爲兒，夭命而傷。」　勞力：勞損民力。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2561" id="2567">〔三〕</a>持齊：遵行戒律不吃葷食。佛教原謂過午不食，後多指食素。齊，同「齋」。<span class="shuming">梁書</span><span class="shuming">文學傳下</span><span class="shuming">劉杳</span>：「自居母憂，便長斷腥羶，持齋蔬食。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2562" id="2568">〔四〕</a>弘濟：廣爲救助。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">顧命</span>：「今天降疾殆，弗興弗悟，爾尚明時朕言，用敬保元子釗，弘濟于艱難。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2563" id="2569">〔五〕</a>人：人事。天：天命。人天之際：天命和人事之間的相互關係。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">求那跋摩</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>引見，勞問殷勤。因又言曰：『弟子常欲持齋不殺，迫以身殉物，不獲從志。法師既不遠萬里來化此<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00417','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P417</span></i>國，將何以教之？』<span class="zhuanming">跋摩</span>曰：『夫道在心，不在事。法由己，非由人。且帝王與匹夫，所修各異。匹夫身賤名劣，言令不威。若不剋己苦躬，將何爲用？帝王以四海爲家，萬民爲子。出一嘉言，則士女咸悦；布一善政，則人神以和，刑不夭命，役無勞力，則使風雨適時，寒暖應節，百穀滋繁，桑麻鬱茂。如此持齋，齋亦大矣。如此不殺，德亦衆矣。寧在闕半日之餐，全一禽之命，然後方爲弘濟耶？』帝乃撫机歎曰：『夫俗人迷於遠理，沙門滯於近教。迷遠理者，謂至道虚説。滯近教者，則拘戀篇章。至如法師所言，真謂開悟明達，可與言天人之際矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2564" id="2570">〔六〕</a>真門：本謂<span class="zhuanming">阿彌陀佛</span>第二十願所成就的法門，泛指通過修習佛法獲得佛果的法門。　五孝：五種等級的人所行的孝道。<span class="zhuanming">唐玄宗</span><span class="shuming">孝經序</span>：「雖五孝之用則别，而百行之源不殊。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「五孝者，天子﹑諸侯﹑卿大夫﹑士﹑庶人，五等所行之孝也。」</span> </p><p> <span>「聞一以知二者，其在<span class="zhuanming">宋文</span>乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>名<span class="zhuanming">義隆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宋高祖</span>第三子。即位，改元<span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>。有文武之才，藴寬明之德，勤苦節儉，在位三十年。</span> <span>向使<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>納大麓<a class="zhuhao" href="#2573" id="2571">〔一〕</a>，難庶官，順考古，慎厥終，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">麓，録也。謂親萬機，選任衆官，惟難得人順，稽古帝道而行之，敬慎其終也。所謂安必思危，治不忘亂之道也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【納大麓】音録，籙也。<span class="shuming">舜典</span>曰：納于大麓，烈風雷雨弗迷。注：納<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>使天禄萬機之政，陰陽和，風雨調，各得其節，不有迷錯之時也。【考】稽也，成也。【選任】有作住，悮。</span> <span>省乎前言，而或不及於此難也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>常省前言，恐不及<span class="zhuanming">侯氏</span>之難。</span> <span>其太子<span class="zhuanming">綱</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">簡文</span>也，帝第三子。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">綸</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">邵陵王</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">紀</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">益州</span>刺史<span class="zhuanming">武陵王</span>也。</span> <span>宗室諸王，亟弄文墨，請帝自講，敕答曰：『汝等未達稼穡之艱難，安知天下之負<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00418','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P418</span></i>重？庸主少君所以繼踵顛覆，皆由安不思危，況復未安者耶？<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>鑒不遠，在於前世。吾今所行雖異曩日，但知講説，不憂國事，則與彼人異術同亡耳。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu">術，道路也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亟】去既切，數也，遽也。【稼】種曰稼，斂曰穡。【繼踵】上續也，下音腫，足後跟也。【顛覆】上沛也，下倒也，敗也。【安不思危】<span class="shuming">繫辭</span>云：君子安而不忘危，存而不忘亡，治而不忘亂，是以身安國可保也。【殷鑒不遠】<span class="shuming">秦誓篇</span>云：厥鑒惟不遠，在彼<span class="zhuanming">夏王</span>。言<span class="zhuanming">武</span>視<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>罪，與<span class="zhuanming">傑</span>同辜，言必斬之。又，<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅篇</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>鑒不遠，仕<span class="zhuanming">夏后氏</span>。言<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>之所鑒，視近在<span class="zhuanming">夏后</span>之世耳。以前代善惡爲明照也，欲使亦鑒<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>之所以亡也，是<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>亦以此前代爲鑒誡也云云。</span> <span>而前後累請，帝亦累拒，但年高氣昏，精華已竭，家有佞父之子，朝無匪躬之士<a class="zhuhao" href="#2574" id="2572">〔二〕</a>，前否後允，卒如所言。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如異術同亡之言，暨<span class="zhuanming">侯景</span>作亂，帝崩之後，<span class="zhuanming">景</span>立<span class="zhuanming">簡文</span>。尋幽之於<span class="zhuanming">永福</span>，省以絶人望，<span class="zhuanming">景</span>尋弑之。及<span class="zhuanming">王僧辯</span>破<span class="zhuanming">侯景</span>，立<span class="zhuanming">孝元帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>兵至，城陷被擒，仍賦詩，爲土囊殞之。<span class="zhuanming">前梁</span>四主國歸<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">後梁</span>三主國入<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【累請】上重也。【前否後允】上不也，下信也，許也。【國入隋】人字悮。<span class="zhuanming">朱辯</span>匿表不聞政德，德備舟濟賦乃臣害隣也。諸王各據地號尊，乃綢繆之苑也。如塵鐵爲歷陌太守，爲<span class="zhuanming">景</span>先遵，乃物役非任也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2571" id="2573">〔一〕</a>大麓：猶總領，謂領録天子之事。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「納于大麓，烈風雷雨弗迷。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「麓，録也。納<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>使大録萬機之政，陰陽和，風雨時，各以其節，不有迷錯愆伏。明<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之德合於天。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2572" id="2574">〔二〕</a>匪躬：謂忠心耿耿。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">蹇</span>：「王臣蹇蹇，匪躬之故。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「盡忠於君，匪以私身之故而不往濟君，故曰：匪躬之故。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00419','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P419</span></i><p> <span>賓曰：「一人失馭，已塞天譴，百工周行，何咎預難，致使死者股荷首倚而日繼之乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2576" id="2575">〔一〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【塞】滿也，窒也。【譴】去戰切，問也，責也，怒也。【百工】工，官也。【行】音杭，伍也，列也。【股】音古，合髀股也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2575" id="2576">〔一〕</a>失馭：失去駕馭，指喪失統治能力。　天譴：上天的責罰。<span class="zhuanming">董仲舒</span><span class="shuming">春秋繁露</span>卷八<span class="shuming">必仁且智</span>：「聖主賢君尚樂受忠臣之諫，而況受天譴也？」　預難：猶遭受災難。</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「是何言歟？夫君辱臣死，況君死耶？凡帝天下者，以任忠良爲聖；忠良以衛社禝爲賢。故文武之臣，進思盡忠，退思補過。雖當時應<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>之氣﹑偶時邕之運，台衮不聞於廟算，征帥匪思於取勝，是以尸素之門，各各以文章自衒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2585" id="2577">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">沈約</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">何尚之</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顔延年</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【台衮】上音胎，三台星也。三公，應云三衮也。<span class="shuming">録</span>言台者，目三公也；下古本切，衮，冕服也。由台衮者無廟算，使<span class="zhuanming">梁國</span>傾也。【廟算】上宗廟也，下籌策也。昔<span class="zhuanming">張良</span>坐籌帷幄之中，决勝千里之外，是廟算有餘者也。【帥】將也。【尸素】尸禄之賢，不素飡之。【衒】自媒也。</span> <span>如<span class="shuming">法寶聯璧</span>﹑<span class="shuming">形神滅論</span>並<span class="shuming">答佛性二諦難</span>等，君罔其威，臣與害鄰，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罔，無也。害，<span class="zhuanming">侯景</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法寶聯璧】<span class="zhuanming">簡文帝</span>造。【形神滅論】<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">范鎮</span>造，並<span class="shuming">破邪論</span>，至下<span class="shuming">外信篇</span>序。【並答佛性二諦難等】<span class="zhuanming">昭明太子</span>立法身義，又立真俗二諦義。</span> <span>綢繆苑囿，物役非任<a class="zhuhao" href="#2586" id="2578">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">莊氏</span>云：『庖人雖不治庖，尸祝豈可越於罇俎耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#2587" id="2579">〔三〕</a>？』昔<span class="zhuanming">陳平</span>不對於廪粟，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>問<span class="zhuanming">周勃</span>：「天下廪粟多少？庫藏錢物出入，日有多<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00420','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P420</span></i>少？」<span class="zhuanming">周勃</span>流汗而不能對。問<span class="zhuanming">陳平</span>，<span class="zhuanming">平</span>云：「廪庫之事，各有司存。宰相但調陰陽而已。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2588" id="2580">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【君臣綢物四者】大意云<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>開廣<span class="zhuanming">上林</span>，東南至<span class="zhuanming">宜陽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鼎湖</span>旁，南山至<span class="zhuanming">長楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">五祚</span>，北繞<span class="zhuanming">黄山</span>，濱<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>而東，周袤數百里，故<span class="zhuanming">相如</span><span class="shuming">上林賦</span>諷<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">羽獵</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>，意言<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>性慈，不斷親戚，乃君無威也。【綢繆】上音稠，下莫彪切，猶纏綿也，見詩。【苑囿】下音又，種花木處曰苑，養飛走處曰囿。【庖人】庖厨也。庖人謂掌庖厨之人，則今太官膳夫是也。尸祝，尸者，太廟中神主也。祝者，即今太常太祝是也。祕執祭板，對尸祝之，故曰尸祝。罇俎，罇者酒器也；俎者肉器也。庖人尸祝，各有司存。假令膳夫懈怠，不肯治庖，尸祝之人，終不越局濫職，棄於祝代之享宰也。大意云<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>雖欲禪天下，<span class="zhuanming">許由</span>豈代彼而負重乎？譬<span class="zhuanming">梁帝</span>九五尊，行厮役之隸也。【廪】力稔切，倉有屋曰廪。【高祖問周勃】<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>，字悮，是<span class="zhuanming">文帝</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">邴吉</span>但問於牛喘，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">丙吉</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">少卿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北海</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">漢宣帝</span>時爲相，見喘牛，問之來近遠，若近則是陰陽失度<a class="zhuhao" href="#2589" id="2581">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邴吉】上是丙，是<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>賢相也。【牛喘】下唱兖切，息疾也。有本作端字，悮。</span> <span>故爲王者當爲於無爲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天子垂衣裳而端拱冕旒黈纊而已，此即無爲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衣裳】上曰衣，下曰裳。【冕旒】冕，冠也。下音留，冠垂玉珠曰旒。【黈纊】上他口切，冕前纊也；下音纊，細綿也。</span> <span>不以己能於有爲，不以己能於無爲，不使君爲於無爲也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臣不能執政，使君自主之也。</span> <span>由是燎原之火，焯厥無赦<a class="zhuhao" href="#2590" id="2582">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">書</span>云：「惡之易也，若火之燎于原，不可向邇，其由可撲滅乎？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2591" id="2583">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【焯】音灼，火氣。【赦】音舍，宥也。</span> <span>脱輻輿尸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">小畜卦</span>九二辭也，輿脱輻。<span class="shuming">師卦</span>六五爻辭云：「弟子輿尸。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【脱輻】易是輻字。【大畜】應云<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">小畜</span>。【九二】是九三辭。【車脱輻】是輿脱輻。</span> <span>何嗟及矣。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：『靖恭爾位，正直是與。神之聽之，式穀以汝<a class="zhuhao" href="#2592" id="2584">〔八〕</a>。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">詩</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00421','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P421</span></i><span class="shuming">小雅</span>。靖，治也。爾，汝也。式，用也。穀，禄也。言敬治汝職位政事，正直之人乃與爲倫，神聽汝之所爲，用福與汝。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曰】<span class="shuming">小明</span>篇名。</span> <span>彼不與直，式穀何望焉？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2577" id="2585">〔一〕</a>時邕：指時世太平。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五五<span class="shuming">張協傳</span>：「六合時雍，巍巍蕩蕩。」　台衮：猶台輔。衮，古代帝王及上公的禮服。<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span><span class="shuming">風俗通義</span>卷五<span class="shuming">十反</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">叔方</span>爾乃翻然改志，以禮進退，三登台衮，號爲名宰。」　廟算：朝廷或帝王對戰事進行謀劃。<span class="shuming">孫子</span><span class="shuming">計</span>：「夫未戰而廟算勝者，得算多也；未戰而廟算不勝者，得算少也。」<span class="zhuanming">張預</span>注：「古者興師命將，必致齋於朝，授以成算，然後遣之，故謂之廟算。」　尸素：謂居位食禄而不盡職。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2578" id="2586">〔二〕</a>綢繆：纏縛。　非任：不稱職的人。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷二八上<span class="shuming">馮衍傳上</span>：「將軍所杖，必須良才，宜改易非任，更選賢能。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2579" id="2587">〔三〕</a>尸祝：主祭人。　罇俎：古代盛酒食的器皿。罇以盛酒，俎以盛肉。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「庖人雖不治庖，尸祝不越樽俎而代之矣。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「尸者，太廟中神主也；祝者，則今太常太祝是也；執祭版對尸而祝之，故謂之尸祝也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2580" id="2588">〔四〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">陳丞相世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孝文皇帝</span>既益明習國家事，朝而問右丞相<span class="zhuanming">勃</span>曰：『天下一歲决獄幾何？』<span class="zhuanming">勃</span>謝曰：『不知。』問：『天下一歲錢穀出入幾何？』<span class="zhuanming">勃</span>又謝不知，汗出沾背，愧不能對。於是上亦問左丞相<span class="zhuanming">平</span>。<span class="zhuanming">平</span>曰：『有主者。』上曰：『主者謂誰？』<span class="zhuanming">平</span>曰：『陛下即問决獄，責廷尉；問錢穀，責治粟内史。』上曰：『苟各有主者，而君所主者何事也？』<span class="zhuanming">平</span>謝曰：『主臣！陛下不知其駑下，使待罪宰相。宰相者，上佐天子理陰陽，順四時，下育萬物之宜，外鎮撫四夷諸侯，内親附百姓，使卿大夫<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00422','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P422</span></i>各得任其職焉。』<span class="zhuanming">孝文帝</span>乃稱善。右丞相大慚，出而讓<span class="zhuanming">陳平</span>曰：『君獨不素教我對！』<span class="zhuanming">陳平</span>笑曰：『君居其位，不知其任邪？且陛下即問<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>中盜賊數，君欲强對邪？』於是<span class="zhuanming">絳侯</span>自知其能不如<span class="zhuanming">平</span>遠矣。居頃之，<span class="zhuanming">絳侯</span>謝病請免相，<span class="zhuanming">陳平</span>專爲一丞相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2581" id="2589">〔五〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷七四<span class="shuming">魏相丙吉傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">吉</span>又嘗出，逢清道群鬭者，死傷横道，<span class="zhuanming">吉</span>過之不問，掾史獨怪之。<span class="zhuanming">吉</span>前行，逢人逐牛，牛喘吐舌。<span class="zhuanming">吉</span>止駐，使騎吏問：『逐牛行幾里矣？』掾史獨謂丞相前後失問，或以譏<span class="zhuanming">吉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吉</span>曰：『民鬭相殺傷，<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>令﹑京兆尹職所當禁備逐捕，歲竟丞相課其殿最，奏行賞罰而已。宰相不親小事，非所當於道路問也。方春少陽用事，未可大熱，恐牛近行，用暑故喘，此時氣失節，恐有所傷害也。三公典調和陰陽，職當憂，是以問之。』掾史乃服，以<span class="zhuanming">吉</span>知大體。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2582" id="2590">〔六〕</a>焯：火燒。　無赦：不寬免罪罰。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">康誥</span>：「乃其速由<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>作罰，刑兹無赦。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2583" id="2591">〔七〕</a>出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">盤庚上</span>：「汝曷弗告朕，而胥動以浮言。恐沈于衆，若火之燎于原，不可嚮邇，其猶可撲滅。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2584" id="2592">〔八〕</a>式穀：謂賜以福禄。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">小明</span>：「靖共爾位，正直是與。神之聽之，式穀以女。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>弊服五錢，<span class="zhuanming">須菩提</span>華房百寶，俱聖人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2596" id="2593">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">憍陳那</span>，則五俱倫也，不求華飾耳。<span class="zhuanming">須菩提</span>出家之後，久不得道果，佛問<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>云：「闕於寶玩之具故也。」佛令<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>爲置，<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>無寶具。佛令王宫借之，布於房内，即得解脱，證阿羅漢果。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憍陳如】此云<span class="zhuanming">初解</span>，謂最初解佛語故。【須菩提】此是<span class="zhuanming">天須菩提</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span>終身一衲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">南嶽<span class="zhuanming">惠思</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2597" id="2594">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄景</span>每曙更衣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2598" id="2595">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">玄景</span>，每日必换新衣，經於身則以施人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曙】市據切，東方明也。</span> <span>俱高僧也。將脩于已，四者<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00423','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P423</span></i>何先？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2593" id="2596">〔一〕</a>錢：疑爲「衲」或「納」字之誤。弊服五衲（或作納），即所謂糞掃衣。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上：「納衣，又名五納衣，謂衣有五種故。<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>云：一有施主衣，二無施主衣，三往還衣，四死人衣，五糞掃衣。此自有五種：一道路棄衣（脱厄衣也），二糞掃處衣，三河邊棄衣，四蟻穿破衣，五破碎衣。又有五種：一火燒衣，二水漬衣，三鼠咬衣，四午嚼衣，五嬭母棄衣。已上衣，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>人諱忌故，棄之以不任用，義同糞掃故。共納成衣，名糞掃衣也。<span class="shuming">律</span>云：一切上色不得直用，並須染作迦沙色。」　<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>：又稱「<span class="zhuanming">憍陳那</span>」等，是<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>爲太子時的五位侍從之一。太子出家求道，他與其他四位侍從奉<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>之命親伴太子著弊服苦行修道。後見太子廢苦行，遂與其他四人離去。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道後，訪<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>等於<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>，親爲説法，五人成爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>最初之弟子。<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>首先悟道，證得阿羅漢果，故稱「<span class="zhuanming">阿若憍陳如</span>」。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷七○：「<span class="zhuanming">憍陳那</span>，除吝反，舊云<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>，訛也。此云<span class="zhuanming">火器</span>，是姓。<span class="zhuanming">阿若</span>是名，亦云<span class="zhuanming">初智</span>，以其最初悟無而得智本願也。」<span class="shuming">佛所行讚</span>卷三<span class="shuming">轉法輪品</span>：「以彼知法故，名<span class="zhuanming">阿若憍憐</span>，於佛弟子中，最先第一悟。」　<span class="zhuanming">須菩提</span>：或譯<span class="zhuanming">須浮提</span>等，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">拘撒羅國</span><span class="zhuanming">舍衛城</span>人。佛十大弟子中，「解空第一」。或謂有兩<span class="zhuanming">須菩提</span>：一爲「解空第一」<span class="zhuanming">須菩提</span>，一爲<span class="zhuanming">天須菩提</span>。這裏爲<span class="zhuanming">天須菩提</span>。<span class="shuming">分别功德論</span>卷五：「所以稱<span class="zhuanming">天須菩提</span>著好衣第一者，五百弟子中，有兩<span class="zhuanming">須菩提</span>：一王者種，一長者種。<span class="zhuanming">天須菩提</span>出王者種。所以言天者，五百世中常上生化應聲天，下生王者家，食福自然，未曾匱乏。佛還本國時，<span class="zhuanming">真浄王</span>勸五百釋種子，出家學道，侍從<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。此比丘在，其例出家。時佛約敕諸比丘：『夫爲道者，皆當約身守節，麤衣惡食，草蓐爲床，以大小便爲藥。』此比丘聞佛切教，心自思<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00424','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P424</span></i>惟：『吾生豪貴，衣食自然。宫殿屋舍，雕文刻鏤。金銀床榻，七寶食器。身著金縷織成服飾，足履金薄妙屣。然則猶不盡吾意，況當著五納服耶？且當還家，適我本意。』念已欲還，時佛在<span class="zhuanming">舍衛精舍</span>受<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>請，即往詣佛所，辭退而還。時<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>語曰：『君且住一宿。』<span class="zhuanming">須菩提</span>曰：『道人屋舍床榻座席，如何可止？且至白衣家寄止一宿，明當還歸。』<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>曰：『但住，今當嚴辦供具。』即往至王所，種種坐具，幡蓋華香，及四燈油事事嚴飾，皆備具足。此比丘便於中止宿，以適本心，意便得定。思惟四諦，至於後夜，即得羅漢，便飛騰虚空。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>心念：『此比丘儻捨屋去，所借王物，恐人持去。』便往看之，屋内不見，仰視空中，見飛在上。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>白佛：『<span class="zhuanming">天須菩提</span>已得羅漢，今飛在虚空。』佛語<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>：『夫衣有二種，有可親近，有不可親近。何者可親近？著好衣時益道心，此可親近。著好衣時損道心者，此不可親近也。是故<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，或從好衣得道，或從五納弊惡而得道者，所寤在心，不拘形服也。以是言之，<span class="zhuanming">天須菩提</span>著好衣第一也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2594" id="2597">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">惠思</span>：「惠」通「慧」。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧思</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武津</span>人也。少以弘恕慈育知名，閭里稱言，頌逸恒問。嘗夢<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧勸令出俗，駭悟斯瑞，辭親入道。……奉持守素，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>行清慎。及禀具足，道志彌隆。迥栖幽静，常坐綜業，日惟一食，不受别供。……剋念翹專，無棄昏曉。坐誦相尋，用爲恒業。由此苦行，得見三生所行道事。……性樂苦節，營僧爲業。冬夏供養，不憚勞苦。晝夜攝心，理事籌度。……又善識人心，鑒照冥伏，訥於言過，方便誨引，行大慈悲，奉菩薩戒。至如繒纊皮革，多由損生，故其徒屬服章，率加以布，寒則艾納，用犯風霜。自佛法東流，幾六百載，惟斯南岳，慈行可歸。余嘗參傳譯，屢睹<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>經，討問所被法衣，至今都無蠶服，縱加受法，不示得成。故知<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00425','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P425</span></i>若乞若得蠶綿作衣，准律結科，斬捨定矣。約情貪附，何由縱之？思所獨斷，高遵聖檢。」又<span class="shuming">四分律行事鈔資持記</span>中二：「豈不聞<span class="zhuanming">衡岳</span>但服艾絮以禦風霜，<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>四十餘年唯被一衲？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2595" id="2598">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">玄景</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七：「<span class="zhuanming">釋玄景</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">石氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">滄州</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">景</span>晨霄思擇，統解玄微，遭<span class="zhuanming">周</span>滅法，逃潛林薄。又以禪道，内外相融。<span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>初年，就緣講導。儀設華約，事事翹心。故二時法會，必香湯洒地，熏爐引導，前經後<span class="zhuanming">景</span>，初無一絶。洗穢護浄，欽若戒科。常讀開經，行不過五，尋訖更展，其例如前。故每振法鼓，動即千人屯赴，供施爲儔罕匹，所以<span class="zhuanming">景</span>之房内，黄紫緇衣上下之服，各百餘副，一時一换，爲生初善，經身一著，便以施僧。其感利之殷爲如此也。……自生常立願，沈骸水中。及其没後，遵用前旨，葬于<span class="zhuanming">紫陌河</span>深瀅之中。三日往觀，所沈之處返成沙墳，極高峻而水分兩派。道俗異其雅瑞，傳跡于今。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「善乎善者，無不善；不善乎善者，無可善。故此四者，克不克在于我，可不可不在乎物。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">能脩不能脩在於人，非由乎外物也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克】勝也，克不克已也。</span> <span>何則？夫貧則獨善其身，富則博施廣濟，奢則務禮，儉則近仁，是賢智也；貧則隕穫，富則家食，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大畜</span>卦文也。<span class="shuming">大畜</span>之實，以之養賢，命賢者不家食也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隕穫】上音殞，下音鑊。隕穫只負則獨等，如<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>一簞食等﹑<span class="zhuanming">惠施</span>﹑如<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>等者，憂悶不安之皃也。後義扶但大等，前義扶大以等。</span> <span>奢則僭逸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不遜故也，若<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僭】子念切，擬也，越禮曰僭。</span> <span>儉則固陋<a class="zhuhao" href="#2601" id="2599">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">晏嬰</span>儉不合禮，皆爲固陋也。</span> <span>是愚鄙也。故聖不隔於貧富，處貧富俱爲聖人；賢不隔於奢儉，處奢儉俱爲高<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00426','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P426</span></i>僧。古人言：『儉，德之恭也。侈，惡之大也。』而實不德不儉，惡盈而侈，誠爲禍胎，安不忌歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【胎】始也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">易</span>曰：『豐其屋，蔀其家，窺其户，闃其無人，三歲不覿凶。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蔀，覆障也。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">豐卦</span>上六爻辭也。其意云：無德而禄，身之災也。三年必受其殃。故云「闃其無人」也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蔀】音部。<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>云：蔀覆暖障，光明之物也。【闚】苦規切，小視也。【闃】苦鵙切，<span class="zhuanming">馬鄭</span>云：無人皃。<span class="shuming">字林</span>云：浄也。</span> <span>但繒纊皮革，聖慈所許。今有行之，則爲寡德；反之，則爲合道，是惑也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以著絲綿者爲寡德，以屏棄爲合道，殊不知<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>有開遮之道，以俗情堅執也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皮革】有毛曰皮，無毛曰革。</span> <span>其有務自苦節，麻艾充軀，高静其業<a class="zhuhao" href="#2602" id="2600">〔二〕</a>，兹可尚也。若矯行沽名，服輕緆，曳纖絇，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">沽，賣也。矯，誑也。緆，細布也。本無道德，詐見孤節。以細布爲衣，以黲布作襪，何儉之有？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麻艾充軀】上布也，言用布爲衣，裹以艾葉。有作文，悮。【沽名】上賣也，謂沽賣其聲名也。【緆】音錫，細布。【曳纖絇】上音裔，牽也，引也，細也；下音句，又音衢，履頭飾也。【沽買】下是賣字。【黲布作襪】暗色也，下足衣也。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：下以先王之法服度服等。</span> <span>誠則侈靡傷財，孰爲廉士？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靡】奢靡也。又，廢也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2599" id="2601">〔一〕</a>固陋：閉塞﹑淺陋。<span class="shuming">尉繚子</span>卷二<span class="shuming">十二陵</span>：「不實在於輕發，固陋在於離賢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2600" id="2602">〔二〕</a>苦節：意謂儉約過甚。亦指堅守節操，矢志不渝。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">節</span>：「節，亨。苦節，不可貞。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「節須得中。爲節過苦，傷於刻薄。物所不堪，不可復正。故曰『苦節，不可貞』也。」　高静：謂遠離<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00427','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P427</span></i>喧囂的塵世。</span> </p><p> <span>「夫服者，心行之表<a class="zhuhao" href="#2609" id="2603">〔一〕</a>。得其儀，則鮮辱寡過；違其義，則啓姦納害。故<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『君子居縗絰，則有哀色；居端冕，則有敬色；居介胄，則有不可辱色。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2610" id="2604">〔二〕</a>方兹沙門，居稻畦，則當有虚静之色。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">稻畦，袈裟也。佛見水田，指示<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>言：「我弟子當割截爲衣，如此水田，有出生之義，可以生於福田也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禮云】<span class="shuming">表記</span>文也。言稱色服也。【縗絰】上七回切，喪服也；下徒結切，麻帶也。【介胄】介胄不拜也，禮使之然也。<span class="zhuanming">漢文帝</span>按轡徐行於<span class="zhuanming">細柳宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周亞夫</span>揖而不拜。【稻畦】下音攜，水界也。</span> <span>虚者，道也。故所服在乎道，不必抑以皮纊而舉氈紵<a class="zhuhao" href="#2611" id="2605">〔三〕</a>，奬人務詐矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若專奬布紵，則詭詐者務於矯飾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抑】按也，止也，制也。【氈紵】上諸延切，毛蓆也。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>云：秋斂皮，冬斂革，取其毛毳爲氈。下丈吕切，麻屬也，可作布也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">沈約</span>以沙門食肉，小教雖容而後教塞違，蠶綿之理，則何不然？但教來遺闕非所可也，遂撰<span class="shuming">究竟慈悲論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2612" id="2606">〔四〕</a>，廣申其例。然慮<span class="zhuanming">沈</span>説非也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">沈約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">休文</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴興</span><span class="zhuanming">武康</span>人。流寓孤貧，篤志好學，晝夜不捨。母恐其勞，常減油滅火。及佐<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>龍飛，累遷尚書。久居端揆，有志台司。帝終不用，致書<span class="zhuanming">徐勉</span>。<span class="zhuanming">勉</span>爲言於帝，但加鼓吹而已。<span class="zhuanming">約</span>性不飲酒，少嗜慾，左目重瞳子，腰有紫志，聚書二萬卷。爲<span class="zhuanming">丹陽</span>尹侍中，卒官。著<span class="shuming">晉</span>﹑<span class="shuming">宋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">齊</span>等<span class="shuming">書</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【究竟慈悲論】文廣，在<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。</span> <span>雖欲廣顯其特見，而聖人之意，或則不然。夫因患制戒，去損就益。食肉之過，凶而無謀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>云：「食肉之人，衆生遠離。」<span class="shuming">楞嚴</span>云：「是諸<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00428','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P428</span></i>佛怨，斷大慈種。一切鬼神夜卧舐其唇吻，福德日消。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【舐】神帋切，以舌取物也。</span> <span>仁智猶鄙，況聖人乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">孟子</span>曰：「是以君子之於禽獸也，見其生，不忍見其死。聞其聲，不忍食其肉，是以不近庖廚。」</span> <span>綈革資形，儀服脩潔<a class="zhuhao" href="#2613" id="2607">〔五〕</a>，世人未嘗譏之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故<span class="zhuanming">馬勝比丘</span>以威儀攝衆也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綈】音題，厚繒。</span> <span>聖人由其美之，故經云：『懸繒幡蓋。』又云：『柔軟繒纊，以爲絪褥。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【絪褥】上音因，編麻枲，此字難用，宜用此茵字。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：車重蓆也；下而屬切，氈褥也。</span> <span>若酌以今所未斷，由經未至者，而<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>許有憍奢耶衣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2614" id="2608">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂赤色好衣也，又名衣上服，價直千萬，施佛及僧。</span> <span>何爲不備哉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2603" id="2609">〔一〕</a>心行：猶品行。<span class="shuming">北史</span>卷四七<span class="shuming">祖珽傳</span>：「孝徵心行雖薄，奇略出人，緩急真可馮仗。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2604" id="2610">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">表記</span>：「是故君子衰絰則有哀色，端冕則有敬色，甲胄則有不可犯之色。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2605" id="2611">〔三〕</a>紵：苧麻纖維織成的布。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一三上：「紵，麻屬。細者爲絟，粗者爲紵。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2606" id="2612">〔四〕</a>遺闕：猶言遺漏缺失。　<span class="shuming">究竟慈悲論</span>謂：「<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之教，義本慈悲。」不僅要停止肉食，而且必須禁絶蠶衣，所謂「夫肉食蠶衣，爲方未異，害命夭生，事均理一」。載<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷二六。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2607" id="2613">〔五〕</a>綈：光滑厚實的絲織品。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一三上：「綈，厚繒也。」　資形：藉以成形。　修潔：謂使整潔。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2608" id="2614">〔六〕</a>憍奢耶：又作「憍舍耶」﹑「憍尸」等，意譯蟲衣﹑蠶衣。取野蠶繭絲所作之衣。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「憍奢耶者，野蠶絲也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00429','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P429</span></i><p> <span>「但<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span><span class="zhuanming">陳</span>之世，人過乎信，法教滋彰。嘗讀<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>太子並<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">陳</span>書，屢捨衮冕﹑乘輿﹑寶玉爲諸經懺<a class="zhuhao" href="#2618" id="2615">〔一〕</a>，秉筆流辭，以菩薩行願爲童戲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2619" id="2616">〔二〕</a>。方於<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，則愈求於風教，則病矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2620" id="2617">〔三〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【齊太子】<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>皇太子有<span class="shuming">禮佛願文</span>一首，在<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。【梁】<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>有<span class="shuming">捨身懺文</span>一首，在<span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2615" id="2618">〔一〕</a>衮冕：衮衣和冕。古代帝王與上公的禮服和禮冠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2616" id="2619">〔二〕</a>菩薩行：求自利利他﹑圓滿佛果之菩薩衆大行，即佈施等六度。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷四<span class="shuming">五百弟子受記品</span>：「内祕菩薩行，外現是聲聞。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2617" id="2620">〔三〕</a>風教：指風俗教化。<span class="shuming">詩大序</span>：「風，風也，教也。風以動之，教以化之。」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>馳騖吊慶，譏者謂之佞；<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>儉陋布褐，時議謂之矯。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">周處</span>之後。丁母憂，毁瘠過禮，累日不食，殆不勝喪。<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>諫之曰：「聖人制禮，賢者俯就，不賢者企及。毁不滅性，尚出儒書，況佛有旨？近奉色養，遠發菩提，況恩愛之賊，不可寬放。」乃割哀情，微進粥食<a class="zhuhao" href="#2623" id="2621">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>以<span class="zhuanming">周</span>滅法，乃潛形世壤，衣斬縗三升之布，頭絰麻帶，如喪考妣。誓得佛法更始，方襲舊儀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2624" id="2622">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靈裕】<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>高僧。【衣斬縗三升之布】注不當問<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>平生儉陋事。若斬縗事，在後門。</span> <span>夫如是德行，安得不媮乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">媮，薄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【媮】薄也，偷也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2621" id="2623">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法雲傳</span>：「及居母憂，毁瘠過禮。累日不食，殆不勝喪。<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>謂曰：『聖人制禮，賢者俯就，不賢者企及。且毁不滅性，尚出儒宗。況佛有至言：欲報生恩，近則時奉顔儀，使物生悦，遠<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00430','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P430</span></i>則啓發菩提，以道神識。』又云：『恩愛重賊，不可寬放。寬放此者，及所親愛，墮於惡道。唯有智者，以方便力，善能治制。則惠兼存没，入諸善趣矣。宜思遠理，使有成津。何可恣情，同於細近耶？』<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>乃割裂哀情，微進飲粥。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2622" id="2624">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">靈裕傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋靈裕</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>。<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span><span class="zhuanming">曲陽</span>人也。………<span class="zhuanming">周氏</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，二教淪没。乃潛形世壤，衣以斬縗三升之布。頭絰麻帶，如喪考妣。誓得佛法更始，方襲舊儀。………常服五條由來以布，縱有繒帛成施，終以惠人。祇支亦爾，餘則弊納而已。世有激刺，頗用以爲邀名者。時或達之，<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>曰：『吾聞君子争名，小人争利。復何辭乎？』或曰：『名本利緣耳。』<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>曰：『吾得利便失名矣。』又曰：『此乃詐爲善相。』答曰：『猶勝真心爲罪也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「<span class="shuming">書</span>云：『與人無求備。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【書云】<span class="shuming">商書</span><span class="shuming">伊訓</span>。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『以義度人，則難爲人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不可求備也。</span> <span>以人望人，則賢者可知已矣。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2629" id="2625">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">以賢望不賢，則知勝劣也。</span> <span>夫以法服趑趄<a class="zhuhao" href="#2630" id="2626">〔二〕</a>，爲法則辱己，不爲法則兼辱法。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲教爲衆，趨塵猶可庶幾，非此則爲辱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【趑趄】上七私切，下七餘切，行不進皃也。</span> <span>但大士或以理通爲美，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">違教順理，亦可行也，然教有權實矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2631" id="2627">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>故『黄裳元吉』，信在内也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2632" id="2628">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">坤卦</span>六五辭也。黄，中正之色也。裳，下之飾也。坤爲臣道，盡美於下，任夫文理，垂黄裳以獲元吉。如<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>等，爲法趨塵也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2625" id="2629">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">表記</span>：「是故君子以義度人，則難爲人。以人望人，則賢者可知已矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2626" id="2630">〔二〕</a>趑趄：想前進又不敢前進，形容疑懼不决，猶豫觀望。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五六<span class="zhuanming">張載</span><span class="shuming">劍閣銘</span>：「一人荷戟，萬夫<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00431','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P431</span></i>趑趄。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">陳琳</span><span class="shuming">爲曹洪答文帝書</span>曰：一夫揮戟，萬人不得進。<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>曰：『趑趄，難行也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2627" id="2631">〔三〕</a>權實：謂佛法之二教，權教爲小乘説法，取權宜義，法理明淺；實教爲大乘説法，顯示真要，法理高深。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2628" id="2632">〔四〕</a>黄裳：黄色的下衣。　元吉：大吉，洪福。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">坤</span>：「黄裳元吉。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「元，大也。以其德能如此，故得大吉也。」</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">晉文公</span>譎而不正，非不霸也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2640" id="2633">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文公</span>，<span class="zhuanming">重耳</span>也。復<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>之後，大霸諸侯。將朝<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，自嫌强盛，遂召王，使出而行覲禮。夫子云：「以臣召君，不可訓。」故<span class="shuming">春秋</span>改云：「天王狩于<span class="zhuanming">河陽</span>也。」是爲譎而不正也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譎】訣音，詐也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>者，豈得不爲高僧乎？其人天縱英敏，挺生于世<a class="zhuhao" href="#2641" id="2634">〔二〕</a>，感通靈瑞，身死言立，實爲法之祥也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">雲</span>母<span class="zhuanming">吴氏</span>生<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>日，見祥雲滿空，故名之爲<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>，住<span class="zhuanming">義興</span><span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>。講<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">浄名</span>等經，如疾風應變，時人謂之<span class="zhuanming">幻法師</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2642" id="2635">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【身死言立】<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>有<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>，既殁，其言立也。【幻法師】幻悮。</span> <span>然方彼<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>，影不出山，迹不入俗，迎送不過<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2643" id="2636">〔四〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虎溪】<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>下加遠矣，甚顯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧熙</span>莓苔一徑，三十餘載，端坐榻心，兩頭塵合，固則忝矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2644" id="2637">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">空惠寺</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">慧熙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">成都</span>人。幼好篇詠。因與<span class="zhuanming">大石寺</span>沙彌<span class="zhuanming">道徵</span>連唱詩章，遂成言隟，乃迴意棲心禪觀。及具受，乃遍習經律，究三論。夜宿本房，但坐牀心，兩頭塵合。自餘房地，唯有一蹤，餘並莓苔也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莓苔】上音梅，覆盆草也；下音臺，蘇也，庭草也。【忝】辱也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>曰：『吾縱矯世爲善，猶愈於直心爲惡。』斯則言興於古人，繼之在<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>矣。夫<span class="zhuanming">管</span><span class="zhuanming">晏</span>皆爲賢大夫也，<span class="zhuanming">管</span>僭<span class="zhuanming">晏</span>陋，前禮卒<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00432','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P432</span></i>同譏之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2645" id="2638">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>也。娵三國九女，官事不攝，以樹屏塞門，及置反坫，皆爲僭也。然相<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>，九合諸侯，尊奬王室，責<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>苞茅，故稱賢也。<span class="zhuanming">晏嬰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>大夫。性儉，豚肩不掩豆之類<a class="zhuhao" href="#2646" id="2639">〔七〕</a>。然相<span class="zhuanming">景公</span>，一言省刑等，皆得稱賢也，但幾其儉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【娵】音趣字，取婦也，宜娶字。三國九女，<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>有三歸，今<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>娶三姓之女，故曰有三歸。各有姊妹爲媵，乃九女也。屏塞門者，國君别内外於門，樹屏以蔽塞之，大夫當以簾蔽其位耳。今<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>亦如國君，樹屏塞於門也。反爵之坫，在兩楹之間，人君與鄰國爲好，食其獻酢之禮，更酌。酌畢，則各反爵於坫上。大夫無此。言<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>亦有反爵之坫，僭濫於此。【幾】音譏。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『國奢示人以儉，國儉示人以禮。』<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>之然也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊景公</span>有馬千駟，死之日，民無德而稱焉，故<span class="zhuanming">晏子</span>示之以儉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曾子曰】<span class="shuming">檀弓</span>文。【示之】云字悮。【駟】一乘四馬。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2633" id="2640">〔一〕</a>譎：欺詐，詭詐。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">晉文公</span>譎而不正，<span class="zhuanming">齊桓公</span>正而不譎。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2634" id="2641">〔二〕</a>天縱：謂上天賦予。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「固天縱之將聖，又多能也。」　挺生：謂傑出。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷八八<span class="shuming">西域傳論</span>：「靈聖之所降集，賢懿之所挺生。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2635" id="2642">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法雲傳</span>云：「母<span class="zhuanming">吴氏</span>，初産在草，見雲氣滿室，因以名之。七歲出家，更名<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>。從師住<span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>。……初於<span class="zhuanming">妙音寺</span>開<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">浄名</span>二經。序正條源，群分名類。學徒海湊，四衆盈堂。僉謂理因言盡，紙卷空存。及至爲賓，構擊縱横，比類紛鯁，機辯若疾風，應變如行雨。當其鋒者，罕不心務。賓主咨嗟，朋僚胥悦。時人呼爲『作幻法師』矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2636" id="2643">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「自<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>卜居<span class="zhuanming">廬阜</span>，三十餘年，影不出山，迹不入俗。每送客爲遊履，常以<span class="zhuanming">虎溪</span>爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00433','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P433</span></i>界焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2637" id="2644">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二○<span class="shuming">慧熙傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧熙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">益州</span><span class="zhuanming">成都</span>人。……一坐掩關二十餘日，衆以不食既久，恐損身命。假以餘詞曰：『國家搜訪藝能甚急，今不食閉門，世人謂聖。願息流言，可時處衆。』<span class="zhuanming">熙</span>懼矯飾，便開門進食。由是迄今，將三十載，一身獨立，不畜侍人，一食而止，不受人施。有講便聽，夜宿本房。但坐床心，兩頭塵合。自餘房地，惟有一蹤，餘並莓苔青絮。衣服弊惡，僅免遮羞。冬則加納，夏則布衣。以冬破納，懸置梁上。有聞<span class="zhuanming">熙</span>名，就房參拜。迎逆接候，累日方見。時發幽問，吐言高遠。預有元席，皆共憚之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2638" id="2645">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">管晏列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>世所謂賢臣，然<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>小之。豈以爲<span class="zhuanming">周</span>道衰微，<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>既賢，而不勉之至王，乃稱霸哉？語曰『將順其美，匡救其惡，故上下能相親也』，豈<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>之謂乎？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2639" id="2646">〔七〕</a>豚肩：豬腿。</span> </p><p> <span>「但沉潛者不盡得魚龍之變，處陸者不盡得飛走之功。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">物象不可以盡窮其性也。</span> <span>豈衣縫掖則盡<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>門之學<a class="zhuhao" href="#2653" id="2647">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">縫掖大袖，雖称儒士，實昧典墳。徒號書生，安知稽古？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衣縫掖】上去聲，箸也；中扶用切，下音亦。衣縫儒衣大紳也。【典墳】<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>書曰典，<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>書曰墳。【徒】虚也。【稽】考也。</span> <span>冠芙蓉則盡<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>之風<a class="zhuhao" href="#2654" id="2648">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">俾貪命米，豈尚清虚？唯讀<span class="shuming">竈經</span>，寧窮<span class="shuming">道德</span>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【冠】去聲，束髮曰冠。【俾】益也。或但也。【竈經】上則到切。<span class="zhuanming">炎帝</span>作<span class="zhuanming">竈君</span>，爲家神。若男啼女哭變恠之事，道有祭竈解除之法，故曰<span class="shuming">竈經</span>。</span> <span>執鐶杖則盡<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之道<a class="zhuhao" href="#2655" id="2649">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">只憑一毳，便過浮生。不勵進脩，安知討習？<span class="shuming">隨<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00434','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P434</span></i>函</span>：【毳】齒芮切，染衣也。</span> <span>而則有揭其短長，望厓而信，望厓而沮，沮未必喪其賢，信未必得其人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">唯人難知，自知亦難。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揭】居列切，起也。又，音竭。【望厓】下音崖，岸也。或涯，水際也。【沮】七餘切，信也非也。又，慈吕切，散壞也，隨人信阻等。【注唯人難知】知人者智，自知者明也。</span> <span>且<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>採數千年賢智所行之事爲禮樂，使一士百年之内行之，固不究也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2656" id="2650">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以天縱之才，生<span class="zhuanming">魯襄公</span>二十二年，十八歲往<span class="zhuanming">西周</span>問禮。門徒三千，達者七十二。<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>十一年，自<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>返<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，修<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，述<span class="shuming">易</span>道，删<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">書</span>，定<span class="shuming">禮</span><span class="shuming">樂</span>。而古之賢哲，明窮一經，鬚鬢皓首，莫得其涯也。故云「仰之彌高，鑽之彌堅」。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禮樂】<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>。【達者】建字，立也。</span> <span>況善惡不相遠，攻一是則亦一非隨焉？故<span class="zhuanming">陳司敗</span>以諱國惡爲黨，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">陳司敗</span>問夫子：「<span class="zhuanming">昭公</span>知禮乎？」子曰：「知禮。」曰：「君娶於<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，爲同姓，豈知禮？」<span class="zhuanming">司敗</span>曰：「吾聞君子不黨，君子亦有黨乎？」「以諱國惡爲是黨，君知禮非也；若不黨爲是，則彰國惡爲非也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2657" id="2651">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【攻】音工，扣擊也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>以問晝寢爲忤<a class="zhuhao" href="#2658" id="2652">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忤】音悟，逆也。</span> <span>而忠不必恭，恭不必孝，孝不必義。今<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>子統億世所行之善，而欲使一身一世行之，固不可也，遂有智而無節，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有慧解而無節操也。</span> <span>質而篤道，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">樸鈍而純直者。</span> <span>勤體被物，尚行專己。但可嘉其所能，矜其所不能，非構厦則欀梠期之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">欀，椽也。梠，桷端連綿木。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【欀梠】上音襄，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>謂之椽，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>謂之欀，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>謂之桷；下音吕，桷端連綿木也。【厦】音夏，屋也，門廡。</span> <span>將無廢也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖非梁棟之才，亦可小用也。</span> <span>驥稱其德，不稱其力；鳳稱其瑞，不稱其鷙。夫何備<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00435','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P435</span></i>哉？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鷙，搏擊也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【驥】音冀，良馬也。【稱】愜意也。【瑞】祥也，應也。國君孝慈訓世，則鳳凰翔，老人星現，應人君之祥也。【鷙】音至，擊鳥日能飛也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2647" id="2653">〔一〕</a>縫掖：大袖單衣，儒者所穿的衣服。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四九<span class="shuming">王符傳</span>：「徒見二千石，不如一縫掖。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">儒行</span>：『<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>少居<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，衣逢掖之衣。」』<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：『逢猶大也。大掖之衣，大袂襌衣也。此君子有道藝者所衣也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2648" id="2654">〔二〕</a>芙蓉：芙蓉冠，道士的帽子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2649" id="2655">〔三〕</a>鐶杖：這裏指僧人所持的禪杖。其制：杖頭有一鐵卷，中段用木，下安鐵纂，振時作聲。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名隙棄羅，取錫錫作聲爲義。<span class="shuming">得道梯橙錫杖經</span>：「是錫杖者，名爲智杖，亦名德杖。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2650" id="2656">〔四〕</a>究：窮盡。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷七下：「究，窮也。」不究謂不能窮盡。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2651" id="2657">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陳司敗</span>問<span class="zhuanming">昭公</span>知禮乎，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『知禮。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>退，揖<span class="zhuanming">巫馬期</span>而進之，曰：『吾聞君子不黨，君子亦黨乎？君取於<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>，爲同姓，謂之<span class="zhuanming">吴孟子</span>。君而知禮，孰不知禮？』<span class="zhuanming">巫馬期</span>以告。子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>也幸，苟有過，人必知之。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2652" id="2658">〔六〕</a>忤：忤逆，抵觸。按：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宰予</span>晝寢。子曰：『朽木不可雕也，糞土之牆不可杇也！於<span class="zhuanming">予</span>與何誅？』子曰：『始吾於人也，聽其言而信其行；今吾於人也，聽其言而觀其行。於<span class="zhuanming">予</span>與改是。』」又<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『政者，正也。子帥以正，孰敢不正？』」「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『如殺無道，以就有道，何如？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德，風；小人之德，草。草上之風，必偃。』」「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>以問晝寢爲忤」，未見載，疑有誤。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00436','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P436</span></i><p> <span>賓曰：「虐<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之際，<span class="zhuanming">静靄</span>剖心<a class="zhuhao" href="#2664" id="2659">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">靄</span>諫<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>，極言抗旨，不遂，乃入山。遍割身肉，以腸掛樹，剖心而卒，卒後骨坐不侄<a class="zhuhao" href="#2665" id="2660">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靄】遏﹑噯二音，雲狀也。【剖】判也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>縗絰<a class="zhuhao" href="#2666" id="2661">〔三〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>奔喪<a class="zhuhao" href="#2667" id="2662">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">北遠</span>也，奔竄山林，避道喪也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">普曠</span>簪笏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2668" id="2663">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曠</span>，<span class="zhuanming">樊川</span><span class="zhuanming">郿</span>人。值<span class="zhuanming">周武</span>沙汰，置<span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span>，選俊才三百學士。<span class="zhuanming">曠</span>應召，仍剃髮，帽以烏紗，斷决如流，至教興出家也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【簪笏】上責吟切，首笄也；下音忽，手板也。品官所執，天子玉，諸侯象，大夫文竹木。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>曰：笏，忽有事書其上，備忽忘也。【樊川郿人】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">普曠</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">樊氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">郿</span>人也。</span> <span>孰爲賢乎？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2659" id="2664">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">静靄</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二三有傳。事見<span class="shuming">至化篇</span>注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2660" id="2665">〔二〕</a>侄：疑爲「倒」字之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2661" id="2666">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷九有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2662" id="2667">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2663" id="2668">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一一：「<span class="zhuanming">釋普曠</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">樊氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">郿</span>人也。……<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>雖滅二教，意存<span class="zhuanming">李</span>術。便更置<span class="zhuanming">通道觀</span>，學士三百人，並選佛道兩宗奇才俊邁者充之。<span class="zhuanming">曠</span>理義精通，時共僉舉。任居學正，剖斷時秀，爲諸生先。不久廢觀，聽士隨才賦任。<span class="zhuanming">曠</span>力怯躬耕，餱粒無委。寄禄登庸，復任<span class="zhuanming">岐山</span>從事。奉遵舊約，不黷情染衣，故氈裝倨傲臨官剃髮留鬚。頭戴紗帽，纓其咽頷，用爲常軌。有事判約，筆斷如流。務涉繁擁者，便云我本道人，不閑俗網。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>國上下，咸委其儀度也。顧<span class="zhuanming">曠</span>通博，任其處世。<span class="zhuanming">隋氏</span>將興，菩薩僧立。相如朝服，不同剃剪。員置百二十人，並括前法牙角不涅塵俗者，<span class="zhuanming">曠</span>識悟聞達，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00437','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P437</span></i>當其一焉，尋復廢之。大法昌顯，並預出家，同居<span class="zhuanming">興善</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「彼各任其能也。<span class="zhuanming">静靄</span>以不克荷負，殺身動俗。雖無當時之益，而實彰君之罪也。其若尸諫謀與？後悔懷沙之恨，不其怨乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2675" id="2669">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>常寵<span class="zhuanming">彌子瑕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">史鰌</span>數諫，不納，及死，令家人陳尸於牖下，君必臨喪，若問，云「大夫生欲進<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>，退<span class="zhuanming">彌子瑕</span>，不遂，所以死不成喪」。君果問，遂納其事，令遷尸於堂位。<span class="zhuanming">屈原</span>諫<span class="zhuanming">楚懷王</span>，不納，遂懷沙沉<span class="zhuanming">汨羅江</span>而死。<span class="zhuanming">靄</span>事同之也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>以吾教運鍾百六<a class="zhuhao" href="#2676" id="2670">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">百六，四千六百一十七歲爲一元，一百六歲曰陽九之厄。出<span class="shuming">文選</span><span class="shuming">三國名臣讚</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【運鍾百六】一百六歲，陽九之厄乃運也。喻佛法災厄一運也。</span> <span>苴杖而斬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2677" id="2671">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若喪考妣之服。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【苴杖而斬】上子閭切，苴，杖竹也；下側減切，斬縗，喪服也。長六寸，博四寸，喪考之服者也。</span> <span>無喪而服，去國而亡故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">建德</span>二年癸巳滅法，甲午興，丁酉君薨，辛丑國滅也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>法嗣在己，避世圖存，數不終否，必授以泰，但己存而法亡，於我如不亡也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">教興重演故也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">普曠</span>以哀樂俯仰，與時推移<a class="zhuhao" href="#2678" id="2672">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【與時推移】<span class="shuming">楚辭</span>云：夫聖人不凝滯於物，而能與世推移。</span> <span>爲鳶能天，爲魚能淵，晦恥和光，潛伺興替，皃雖改而氣不可奪也。古者<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>亡而三人異志，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>皆曰仁乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#2679" id="2673">〔五〕</a>！」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">微子啓</span>，<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>庶兄，先奔<span class="zhuanming">周</span>以存宗廟之計。<span class="zhuanming">箕子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>之諸父，囚國佯狂。<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>諫而剖心，雖殊行而同稱仁。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鳶】音捐，鴟類。【替】廢也。【古者殷亡】<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">微子</span>去之，<span class="zhuanming">箕子</span>爲奴，<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>諫而死。子曰：<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>有三仁焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2680" id="2674">〔六〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">箕子</span>乃先身而後名，<span class="zhuanming">微子</span>乃身名並存，<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>乃殺身而成仁。雖三志不同，皆仁也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00438','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P438</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2669" id="2675">〔一〕</a>荷負：擔負。　尸諫：陳尸以諫。<span class="shuming">韓詩外傳</span>卷七：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">衞</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">史魚</span>病且死，謂其子曰：『我數言<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>之賢而不能進，<span class="zhuanming">彌子瑕</span>不肖而不能退。爲人臣生不能進賢而退不肖，死不當治喪正堂，殯我於室足矣。』<span class="zhuanming">衞</span>君問其故，其子以父言聞。君造然召<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>而貴之，而退<span class="zhuanming">彌子瑕</span>，從殯於正堂，成禮而後去。生以身諫，死以尸諫，可謂直矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2670" id="2676">〔二〕</a>鍾：當，適逢。　百六：厄運。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四七<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">三國名臣序贊</span>：「百六道喪，干戈迭用。」<span class="zhuanming">吕延濟</span>注：「四千六百一十七歲爲一元，一百六歲曰陽九之厄。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2671" id="2677">〔三〕</a>苴杖：古代居父喪時孝子所用的竹杖。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪服小記</span>：「苴杖，竹也；削杖，桐也。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">問喪</span>：「或問曰：杖者何也？曰：竹﹑桐一也。故爲父苴杖。苴杖，竹也。爲母削杖。削杖，桐也。或問曰：杖者以爲何也？曰：孝子喪親，哭泣無數，服勤三年，身病體羸，以杖扶病也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2672" id="2678">〔四〕</a>俯仰：周旋，應付。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">貨殖列傳</span>：「盡椎埋去就，與時俯仰，獲其贏利。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2673" id="2679">〔五〕</a>晦：晦伏，隱晦不顯。　和光：謂才華内藴，不露鋒芒。　潛伺：暗中觀察。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2674" id="2680">〔六〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">微子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">微子</span>去之，<span class="zhuanming">箕子</span>爲之奴，<span class="zhuanming">比干</span>諫而死。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>有三仁焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「萬德歸仁，仁無不死。爲無爲者，俟河之清。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">修行期道，何年乃證？</span> <span>曷若咀味靈英，浸澤雲腴，輕舉神丹<a class="zhuhao" href="#2683" id="2681">〔一〕</a>？下可躋年，高者上昇。免爲一函之腐骨，實長生之良算也。今而何謂端居待化歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#2684" id="2682">〔二〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曷】何不也。【咀】慈吕切，嚼也。【靈英】<span class="zhuanming">嚴忌</span><span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">哀時命</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">原</span>至<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>之<span class="zhuanming">懸圃</span>兮，<span class="zhuanming">平</span>採<span class="zhuanming">中山</span>之玉英。【雲腴】塗肌膏也。【神丹】大藥丹也。【峭】登也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00439','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P439</span></i>【良算】有仁人問於<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>云：道家云<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>﹑七十二賢皆不死而登仙。仙家言人皆當死，莫能免，何哉？<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>曰：此妖妄之言，非聖言也。<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>曰：天地不得長久，而況人乎？吾觀傳記，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>有殂落，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>有<span class="zhuanming">蒼梧</span>之山，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>有<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>之陵，<span class="zhuanming">伯夷</span>有<span class="zhuanming">首陽</span>之基，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>不及誅<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武</span>崩不待<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>有改葬之篇，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>有兩楹之夢，<span class="zhuanming">伯魚</span>有先父之年，<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>有葅醢之語，<span class="zhuanming">伯牛</span>有命死之文，<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>有啓足之辭，<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>有不秀之喻，世人云而不死，豈不惑乎？或問<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>長生神仙之道者，子曰：仁義不脩，孝悌不立，奚爲長生？甚矣人之無死也！縱<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>治<span class="zhuanming">廣桑山</span>，乃因前行仁負義孝悌忠信之所感也，豈是<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>燒丹服氣之所致乎？【腐】音附，朽也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2681" id="2683">〔一〕</a>咀味：品味。　浸澤：潤澤。　雲腴：傳説中的仙藥。<span class="shuming">雲笈七籤</span>卷七四：「又雲腴之味，香甘異美……長魂養魄，真上藥也。」　輕舉：謂飛升，登仙。　神丹：道教所煉的靈藥，謂服之能成仙。<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇</span><span class="shuming">金丹</span>：「余問諸道士以神丹金液之事，及<span class="shuming">三皇内文</span>召天神地祇之法，了無一人知之者。」「第二之丹名曰神丹，亦曰神符，服之百日仙也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2682" id="2684">〔二〕</a>躋：升，登。躋年謂延年益壽。　上昇：謂修煉功成，得道升天。　良算：良謀，善策。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷六七<span class="shuming">温嶠傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">陶偘</span>怒曰：）<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>接胡<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>二虜，倉廪當備不虞，若復無食，僕便欲西歸，更思良算。」</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「長生由乎仙骨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2688" id="2685">〔一〕</a>。仙骨者，吾教謂之宿植德本。自非累世陶冶塵滓，脩鍊精魂，寧可率由枯蕪燋石而詎能度世耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#2689" id="2686">〔二〕</a>？故<span class="zhuanming">長桑</span>漸乎仙階，<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>救世爲名，<span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>遷於<span class="zhuanming">桐柏</span>，蓋功未備而不登于雲天，克遐其壽矣。若階由宿學<a class="zhuhao" href="#2690" id="2687">〔三〕</a>，何不志於<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00440','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P440</span></i><span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陶冶塵滓】上音桃，汰也，正也；中音也，銷鍊也；次垢也；下滓，穢也。【枯蕪】謂芝草也。【燋石】謂燒丹也。【桐柏】<span class="shuming">禹貢</span>云道<span class="zhuanming">淮</span>自<span class="zhuanming">桐柏</span>。<span class="shuming">地理志</span>云<span class="zhuanming">桐柏山</span>係<span class="zhuanming">南陽</span><span class="zhuanming">平氏郡</span>東南，今已<span class="zhuanming">唐州</span>也。【長桑】<span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>師。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2685" id="2688">〔一〕</a>仙骨：謂成仙的資質。<span class="shuming">太平廣記</span>卷五引<span class="zhuanming">葛洪</span><span class="shuming">神仙傳</span>：「於是神人授以素書，朱英丸方，道靈教戒，五行變化。凡二十五篇，告<span class="zhuanming">墨子</span>曰：『子有仙骨，又聰明，得此便成，不復須師。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2686" id="2689">〔二〕</a>度世：猶出世。謂超脱塵世爲僊。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">遠遊</span>：「欲度世以忘歸兮，意姿睢以擔撟。」<span class="zhuanming">洪興祖</span><span class="shuming">補注</span>：「度世，謂僊去也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2687" id="2690">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">長桑</span>：<span class="zhuanming">長桑君</span>的省稱，<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>時的神醫。傳説<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>與之交往甚密，事之唯謹，乃以禁方傳<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>，又出藥使<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>飲服，忽然不見。於是<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>視病盡見五臟癥結，遂以精通醫術聞名當世。見<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">扁鵲倉公列傳</span>。　雲天：比喻仙境。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">齊俗訓</span>：「今夫<span class="zhuanming">王喬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">赤誦子</span>……以游玄眇，上通雲天。」　宿學：學識淵博﹑修養有素的學者。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">老子韓非列傳</span>：「然善屬書離辭，指事類情，用剽剥<span class="zhuanming">儒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨</span>，雖當世宿學不能自解免也。」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>乘蒼龍<a class="zhuhao" href="#2696" id="2691">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">列子</span>之御風<a class="zhuhao" href="#2697" id="2692">〔二〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">王喬</span>之飛舃<a class="zhuhao" href="#2698" id="2693">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>乘龍仙於<span class="zhuanming">鼎湖</span>。<span class="zhuanming">列御寇</span>乘風而行，出<span class="shuming">莊子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">王喬</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">葉</span>令，化舃爲鳧而乘之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【舃】音昔。<span class="zhuanming">崔豹</span><span class="shuming">古今注</span>云：以木置履下，乾臘不畏泥也。臘，音昔。</span> <span>彼宿有仙骨焉？於其人也，猶介之有龜，羽之有鶴，宿禀氣運之所壽也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2699" id="2694">〔四〕</a>。非龜之介，非鶴之羽，雖同其族，莫得其方也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如黿鼉之屬，又如衆禽之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00441','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P441</span></i>【介之有龜】上音戒，甲也。甲屬有三百六十一，靈龜爲之長也。【羽之有鶴】上音芋，鳥翅也。又，音羽，鳥長毛也。【黿鼉】上音元，佀鱉而大。<span class="shuming">紀年</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>十七年至<span class="zhuanming">九江</span>，以黿鼉爲梁。下音駞，水虫也，似蜥蜴而長大者也。</span> <span>若使傚而得成者，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>之門，德行之儔，生無不貴，知無不博，何不精意求之變化，以克永世乎？<span class="zhuanming">周穆</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">乘八駿，會<span class="zhuanming">王母</span>於<span class="zhuanming">瑶池</span>，可不求長生羽化之藥。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦皇</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">方士往<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>採藥，竟死<span class="zhuanming">沙丘</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">好道求仙，竟歸蒿里。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">燕昭</span>方士<a class="zhuhao" href="#2700" id="2695">〔五〕</a>，有幾存乎？惑慕者衆矣，得者誰矣？歷於所獲不多於所喪矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2691" id="2696">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">封禪書</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>采<span class="zhuanming">首山</span>銅，鑄鼎於<span class="zhuanming">荆山</span>下。鼎既成，有龍垂胡髯下迎<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>上騎，群臣後宫從上者七十餘人，龍乃上去。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2692" id="2697">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">列子</span>御風而行，泠然善也，旬有五日而後反。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2693" id="2698">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷八二上<span class="shuming">方術列傳上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">王喬</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">河東</span>人也。<span class="zhuanming">顯宗</span>世，爲<span class="zhuanming">葉</span>令。<span class="zhuanming">喬</span>有神術，每月朔望，常自縣詣臺朝。帝怪其來數，而不見車騎，密令太史伺望之。言其臨至，輒有雙鳧從東南飛來。於是候鳧至，舉羅張之，但得一隻舃焉。乃詔尚方𧦽視，則四年中所賜尚書官屬履也。每當朝時，<span class="zhuanming">葉</span>門下鼓不擊自鳴，聞於京師。後天下玉棺於堂前，吏人推排，終不摇動。<span class="zhuanming">喬</span>曰：『天帝獨召我邪？』乃沐浴服飾寢其中，蓋便立覆。宿昔葬於城東，土自成墳。其夕，縣中牛皆流汗喘乏，而人無知者。百姓乃爲立廟，號<span class="zhuanming">葉君</span>祠。牧守每班録，皆先謁拜之。吏人祈禱，無不如應。若有違犯，亦立能爲祟。帝乃迎取其鼓，置都亭下，略無復聲焉。或云此即古仙人<span class="zhuanming">王子喬</span>也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00442','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P442</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2694" id="2699">〔四〕</a>介：甲。　氣運：氣數，命運。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">傷逝</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">戴公</span>見<span class="zhuanming">林法師</span>墓，曰：『德音未遠，而拱木已積；冀神理緜緜，不與氣運俱盡耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2695" id="2700">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">封禪書</span>：「自<span class="zhuanming">威</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宣</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">燕昭</span>使人入海求<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瀛洲</span>。此三神山者，其傅在<span class="zhuanming">勃海</span>中，去人不遠；患且至，則船風引而去。」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>含粹孕靈，立五千文，治于家國，道味凝乎太和，至德含乎太虚<a class="zhuhao" href="#2704" id="2701">〔一〕</a>。故能壽能少，以隱以顯，至若駕螭鸞，挾日月，磅礴宇宙，出入死生。假彼神用，以彰道德<a class="zhuhao" href="#2705" id="2702">〔二〕</a>，非謂不撤腥肥，不潔心慮，但由克意草木，而能駐彼爽口腐腸之性命者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2706" id="2703">〔三〕</a>。故<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>云：『孔德之容，惟道是從。』</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孔，甚也。從，順也。言甚有容德之人，所行唯以虚極之道是順也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【駕螭鸞】中丑知切，如龍無角，北方謂之螻；下落官切。<span class="shuming">春秋元包命</span>曰螭爲鸞。<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span><span class="shuming">瑞應圖</span>曰：鸞者，赤之神精，鳳凰之佐也。<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="zhuanming">女林山</span>有鳥，狀如翟而文五彩，名曰鸞，見則天下太平，意言僊者多以螭鸞爲乘御也。【挾日月】上音叶，懷也，藏也。【磅礴】廣大皃也。【撤】丑列切，去也。【腥肥】上音星，豕臭肉。又音腥，豕蟣肉，肉中佀米者；下音淝。<span class="shuming">説文</span>：肉多也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2701" id="2704">〔一〕</a>太和：天地間沖和之氣。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「保合大和，乃利貞。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">本義</span>：「太和，陰陽會合沖和之氣也。」　太虚：謂空寂玄奥之境。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>：「是以不過乎<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>，不遊乎太虚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2702" id="2705">〔二〕</a>螭：傳説中一種没有角的龍。　鸞：傳説中鳳凰一類的鳥。<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>：「鸞鳥，鳳皇屬也。」　磅礴：充滿。　神用：神明的作用。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四六<span class="zhuanming">任昉</span><span class="shuming">王文憲集序</span>：「斯固通人之所包，非虚明之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00443','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P443</span></i>絶境，不可窮者，其唯神用者乎！」<span class="zhuanming">劉良</span>注：「其不可窮究者，其唯神明之用者乎！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2703" id="2706">〔三〕</a>心慮：思慮，神思。<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">仲尼</span>：「修一身，任窮達，知去來之非我，亡變亂於心慮。」　克意：刻意，專心。　爽口：傷敗胃口。　腐腸：腐蝕腸胃。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷五五<span class="shuming">張載傳</span>：「耽爽口之饌，甘臘毒之味，服腐腸之藥，御亡國之器，雖子大夫之所榮，顧亦吾之所畏，余病未能也。」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫師以德義爲本，疑游覆以張其末。其或本之病矣，末奚以爲？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">德行爲本，伎藝爲末。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疑游覆】疑，恐也。採芝煉丹，謂之游覆，乃末也。</span> <span>而吾教雖有神仙五通之化，皆由定力而後乃成矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2714" id="2707">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">單道開</span>服松脂﹑吞細石，能日行七百里，而不能過百年之壽<a class="zhuhao" href="#2715" id="2708">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">單道開</span>，好道，常餐松脂，竟歸無常。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【單道開】上音善，姓也；<span class="zhuanming">道開</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span><span class="zhuanming">石虎</span>時至<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>。言<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>者，二<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>之書，寄載<span class="shuming">晉史</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">慧約</span>餌松朮，凡三十餘年，年近於期頤<a class="zhuhao" href="#2716" id="2709">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦高僧。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>：期頤，百歲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【餌松朮】上仍吏切，食也；中心容切，木名，葉可食。或松者，茯苓也。<span class="shuming">玄中記</span>云：松脂淪入地，千歲爲茯苓，食可辟穀；下直律切，藥名，有蒼朮﹑白朮，皆可駐顔。有作本字者，悮。【期頤】上音其，下音貽。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云百年曰期頤。注：期由要也；下養也。不知衣服食味，孝子要盡其道。</span> <span>長生之道，未有聞也。但世途好脩惡短，惑惑然不自决<a class="zhuhao" href="#2717" id="2710">〔四〕</a>。吾教以去殺施食爲長壽因，胡不遵歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#2718" id="2711">〔五〕</a>？世途好堅惡朽，惑惑然不自决。吾教以除難授法爲不壞因，胡不勉歟？至若以凡世言之處萬載，若旦暮同盡者也。夫新新之運，未嘗不爲物就<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00444','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P444</span></i>化<a class="zhuhao" href="#2719" id="2712">〔六〕</a>。脩者居此世之化，短者先後世之化，與不化奚異焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">莊生</span>云：「生者死之悲，死者生之悲也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【脩短】脩者長壽也；短者先化後生，來與不化不别，後賜自知矣。【除難】無畏施也。【授法】法施。【新新之運者】念念遷謝。</span> <span>故古之達者安時而處，順哀樂之所不能入矣。<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>曰：『有人於此，愛生貴身，以祈不死，可乎？』曰：『理無久生。夫生非貴所能存，身非愛所能厚。且久生奚爲？五情好惡，古猶今也；四體安危，古猶今也；世事苦樂，古猶今也；變易治亂，古猶今也。既聞之矣，既見之矣，既遍之矣，百年猶猒其多，況久生之苦乎！』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2720" id="2713">〔七〕</a>」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居世若不進道脩行，長生亦奚以爲？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2707" id="2714">〔一〕</a>五通：又名五神通﹑五神變，即：天眼通﹑天耳通﹑他心通﹑宿命通﹑如意通。　定力：即「入三昧」之力，伏除煩惱妄想的禪定之力。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2708" id="2715">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">單道開</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">單道開</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">孟</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。少懷栖隱，誦經四十餘萬言。絶穀，餌柏實。柏實難得，復服松脂。後服細石子，一吞數枚，數日一服。或時多少啖薑椒，如此七年。後不畏寒暑，冬温夏涼，晝夜不卧。……以<span class="zhuanming">石虎</span><span class="zhuanming">建武</span>十二年從<span class="zhuanming">西平</span>來。一日行七百里。……春秋百餘歲，卒于山舍。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2709" id="2716">〔三〕</a>期頤：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲記篇</span>：「人生十年曰幼，學；二十曰弱，冠；三十曰壯，有室……八十曰耄，九十曰耋……百年曰期頤。」<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">德素</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">婁</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span><span class="zhuanming">烏場</span>人也。………而<span class="zhuanming">約</span>飯餌松朮，三十餘年。布艾爲衣，過七十載。鳴謙立操，擅望當時。乃以<span class="zhuanming">大同</span>元年八月，使人伐門外樹枝，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00445','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P445</span></i>曰：『輿駕當來，勿令妨路。』人未之測。至九月六日現疾，北首右脅而卧。神識恬愉，了無痛惱。謂弟子曰：『我夢四部大衆，幡花羅列空中，迎我凌雲而去，福報當訖。』至十六日，敕遣舍人<span class="zhuanming">徐儼</span>參疾。答云：『今夜當去。』至五更二唱，異香滿室，左右肅然，乃曰：『夫生有死，自然恒數。勤修念慧，勿起亂想。』言畢合掌，便入涅槃，春秋八十有四。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2710" id="2717">〔四〕</a>惑惑：迷惑。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">離謂</span>：「故惑惑之中有曉焉，冥冥之中有昭焉。」　自决：自己决定。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">宋微子世家</span>：「於是<span class="zhuanming">微子</span>度<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>終不可諫，欲死之，及去，未能自决，乃問於太師﹑少師。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2711" id="2718">〔五〕</a>施食：佛教儀式。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>在静室中修習禪定，<span class="zhuanming">焰口鬼王</span>告<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>説：「你三日以後命盡，生在餓鬼中，如要免苦，須於明日普施鬼神，以<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span>所用之斛各施一斛飲食。」<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>問佛，佛爲其説此施食的方法。見<span class="shuming">佛説救拔焰口餓鬼陀羅尼經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">瑜伽集要</span><span class="shuming">焰口施食儀教阿難陀緣由</span>。後遂用爲轉障消災﹑延年益壽而向餓鬼施食的一種儀式。俗名「放焰口」，又稱「瑜伽焰口」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2712" id="2719">〔六〕</a>新新：新之又新，不斷變新。<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span><span class="shuming">周易正義卷首</span><span class="shuming">論易之三名</span>：「新新不停，生生相續。」　爲物就化：謂去世。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2713" id="2720">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">楊朱</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孟孫陽</span>問<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>曰：『有人於此，貴生愛身，以蘄不死，可乎？』曰：『理無不死。』『以蘄久生，可乎？』曰：『理無久生。生非貴之所能存，身非愛之所能厚。且久生奚爲？五情好惡，古猶今也；四體安危，古猶今也；世事苦樂，古猶今也；變易治亂，古猶今也。既聞之矣，既見之矣，既更之矣，百年猶厭其多，況久生之苦也乎？』<span class="zhuanming">孟孫陽</span>曰：『若然，速亡愈於久生；則踐鋒刃，入湯火，得所志矣。』<span class="zhuanming">楊子</span>曰：『不然。既生，則廢而任之，究其所欲，以俟於死。將死，則廢而任之，究其<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00446','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P446</span></i>所之，以放於盡。無不廢，無不任，何遽遲速於其間乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span>賓曰：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『死人有知乎？』子曰：『吾欲言有知，將恐孝子順孫妨生以送死。吾欲言無知，將恐不孝之子孫棄其親而不葬。<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>欲知有知與無知，非今之急，後當自知之矣。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2724" id="2721">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">出<span class="shuming">家語</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不孝】莫大乎孝，<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>敢問聖人之德等，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>答孝之禮憲章。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲獻子</span>曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲獻子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">仲孫蔑</span>也。</span> <span>『<span class="zhuanming">夏后氏</span>用盟器，示民無知也；<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人用祭器，示民有知也；<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人兼用之，示民有疑也。』因緣之經，將必極焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2725" id="2722">〔二〕</a>？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃三世因緣之事<a class="zhuhao" href="#2726" id="2723">〔三〕</a>。儒教未明，故有兹問也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盟器】上音明。待鬼之物也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2721" id="2724">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">辯物</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>：『死人有知無知也？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾欲言死者有知也，恐孝子順孫妨生以送死也；欲言無知，恐不孝子孫棄不葬也。<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>欲知死人有知將無知也，死徐自知之，猶未晚也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2722" id="2725">〔二〕</a>盟器：即明器，古代隨葬品的統稱。　祭器：祭祀時所陳設的各種器具。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">仲憲</span>言於<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">夏后氏</span>用明器，示民無知也；<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人用祭器，示民有知也；<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人兼用之，示民疑也。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『其不然乎，其不然乎！夫明器，鬼器也；祭器，人器也。夫古之人胡爲而死其親乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2723" id="2726">〔三〕</a>三世：指過去世﹑現在世﹑未來世。亦稱三生，即前生﹑今生﹑來生。</span> </p><p> <span>主人曰：「死者形謝而精神有往，綿續五道<a class="zhuhao" href="#2733" id="2727">〔一〕</a>，輪復無窮。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以無明發行支感愛取潤，見在十支因，未來二支果，輪迴無已。</span> <span>此以彼生爲死，彼以此死爲生也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">南華</span>文也。死有生是生有死也，生有生則死有死也。</span> <span>故爲鬼則有知是死，不爲鬼則無知也。而鬼有小大焉，大則<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00447','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P447</span></i>知大，小則知小。至若岳瀆﹑社禝，爲綱爲紀，大焉！在檐霤，在户竈，爲罔蜽，爲蜲蛇，小焉！<span class="zhuanming">季路</span>問事鬼神，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>亦所未答<a class="zhuhao" href="#2734" id="2728">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但云「未能事人，焉能事鬼」。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【檐霤】上音鹽，屋檐也；下音溜，中霤神也。【蝄蜽】木石之怪。【蜲蛇】上音倭，下音移。澤鬼也。<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>見之得病也。</span> <span>以其冥道幽昧，慮益生人之惑矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【冥道】上暗也，幽也，杳也。謂鬼神之道，幽邃暗昧，杳然難知也。詩曰：今日坐高臺，明朝掛長棘。一生聊已盡，來報將何息。又曰：命斷辭人路，骸送鬼門前。從今已别後，更會幾何年。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">何承天</span>云：『生必有死，形斃神散，猶春榮秋落，四時代换，奚有更受形哉？<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「三后在天。」言精靈之昇遐也。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2735" id="2729">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">神滅論</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斃】婢世切，仆也，頓也，止也，敗壞也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span>讓曰：『若精靈必果異乎草木，則受形之論，無乃更資，將由三后萃善，報在生天<a class="zhuhao" href="#2736" id="2730">〔四〕</a>。若徒有精靈，尚無體狀，未知在天，當何憑以立也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2737" id="2731">〔五〕</a>？』</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讓】責也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">范縝</span><span class="shuming">形神滅論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2738" id="2732">〔六〕</a>云：『宗廟祭饗，<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>之道以敬也。<span class="zhuanming">申生</span><span class="zhuanming">伯有</span>，恢恠之妖也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>往<span class="zhuanming">曲沃</span>見<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>，使之御，云：「<span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>對余無禮，余得請於帝，當以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>卑<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。」言訖而滅。後<span class="zhuanming">惠公</span>果爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>獲。<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>殺<span class="zhuanming">伯有</span>，後忽介甲而見也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【狐偃】是<span class="zhuanming">胡突</span>。見<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>事，如前云云。</span> <span>雖人間有鬼，自是天地之一物，如人畜類，非死者而爲之也。』當時詔百官精詳曉諭，其人愚，反非聖人之法，不可教也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2727" id="2733">〔一〕</a>五道：天道﹑人道﹑畜生道﹑餓鬼道﹑地獄道，爲衆生往來輪迴之所。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00448','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P448</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2728" id="2734">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">季路</span>問事鬼神。子曰：『未能事人，焉能事鬼？』曰：『敢問死。』曰：『未知生，焉知死？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2729" id="2735">〔三〕</a>出<span class="shuming">達性論</span>：「至於生必有死，形弊神散，猶春榮秋落，四時代换，奚有於更受形哉？<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：『愷悌君子，求福不回。』言弘道之在己也。『三后在天。』言精靈之升遐也。」載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷四。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2730" id="2736">〔四〕</a>生天：得生天道，享受<span class="zhuanming">天界</span>之種種欲樂。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷中<span class="shuming">生天因</span>：「<span class="shuming">業報差别經</span>云：具修增上十善，得生<span class="zhuanming">欲界散地天</span>；若修有漏十善，以定相應，生<span class="zhuanming">色界天</span>；若修色修，遠離身口，以定相應，生<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>。<span class="shuming">正法念處經</span>云：因持戒不殺﹑不盜﹑不淫，由此三善得生天。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2731" id="2737">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span><span class="shuming">釋何衡陽達性論</span>：「若精靈必在，果異於草木，則受形之論，無乃更資來説，將由三后粹善，報在生天耶？欲毁後生，反立升遐。當毁更立，固知非力所除。若徒有精靈，尚無體狀，未知在天，當何憑以立？」載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷四。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2732" id="2738">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">形神滅論</span>：疑即<span class="shuming">神滅論</span>，但所引文字不見今本<span class="shuming">神滅論</span>，當爲據其意概述耳。參<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷九。</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：『仰以觀於天文，俯以察於地理，是知幽明之故；原始反終，是故知死生之説；精氣爲物，遊魂爲變，是故知鬼神之情狀。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2743" id="2739">〔一〕</a>斯言所謂至矣哉！<span class="zhuanming">文子</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>之形，有糜而神不化，以不化之化，乘變無窮<a class="zhuhao" href="#2744" id="2740">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文子】道家，有<span class="shuming">人陽子</span>十卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">延陵季子</span>適于<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，長子死，葬於<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span><span class="zhuanming">博</span>之間，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">博</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>地，<span class="zhuanming">太山縣</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【延陵】<span class="zhuanming">江都郡</span><span class="zhuanming">延陵縣</span>。【嬴博】<span class="zhuanming">瀛州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河間郡</span>；<span class="zhuanming">博州</span>，<span class="zhuanming">博平郡</span>。</span> <span>其坎深不至泉，殮以時服，曰：『骨肉歸于土，命<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00449','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P449</span></i>也。若魂氣爲變，無所不之。』<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>賢之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2745" id="2741">〔三〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>將死，弟子欲厚葬，<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：「吾以天地爲棺槨，日月爲連璧，星辰爲珠璣，萬物爲資送，吾葬具不備耶？何以加？」其弟子曰：「吾恐烏鳶之食夫子也。」<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：「在上爲烏鳶食，在下爲螻蟻食，奪彼與此，何其偏耶？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2746" id="2742">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斂】宜殮字，力驗切，殯也。【棺槨】上音官，周尸曰棺；下音郭，周棺曰槨。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">有虞</span>瓦槨，<span class="zhuanming">夏后氏</span>塈，<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人棺槨。<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：關也，所以掩尸也，名棺。【連璧】雙玉。【珠璣】大曰珠，小曰璣。【螻蟻】上音樓，螻蛄也，蚍蜉小者曰螻蟻。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2739" id="2743">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「故能彌綸天地之道，仰以觀於天文，俯以察於地理，是故知幽明之故；原始反終，故知死生之説；精氣爲物，遊魂爲變，是故知鬼神之情狀。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2740" id="2744">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">沙門不敬王者論</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">文子</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>之言曰：『形有靡而神不化，以不化乘化，其變無窮。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2741" id="2745">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">延陵季子</span>適<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，於其反也，其長子死，葬於<span class="zhuanming">贏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">博</span>之間。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">延陵季子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>之習於禮者也。』往而觀其葬焉。其坎深不至於泉，其斂以時服。既葬而封，廣輪揜坎，其高可隱也。既封，左袒，右還其封，且號者三，曰：『骨肉歸復于土，命也。若魂氣則無不之也，無不之也。』而遂行。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">延陵季子</span>之於禮也，其合矣乎。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2742" id="2746">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">列禦寇</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>將死，弟子欲厚葬之。<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『吾以天地爲棺槨，以日月爲連璧，星辰爲珠璣，萬物爲齎送。吾葬具豈不備邪？何以加此！』弟子曰：『吾恐烏鳶之食夫子也。』<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>曰：『在上爲烏鳶食，在下爲螻蟻食，奪彼與此，何其偏也。』以不平平，其平也不平；以不徵徵，其徵也不徵。明者唯爲之使，神者徵之。夫明之不勝神也久矣，而愚者恃其所見入於人，其功外也，不亦悲夫！」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00450','1865870',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P450</span></i></div></div></div>
</>
卷第六
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133756" key="1133756"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第六 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133757" key="1133757"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00451','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P451</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000023">喪服問第九<span class="font12 zhu">服從恩制，喪以禮成。問喪父母與師，五服宜從何等<a class="zhuhao" href="#2748" id="2747">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：上蘇郎切，亡也，死喪也；服，飾也。通内外﹑大小，不出五等服，今篇外二内五也。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2747" id="2748">〔一〕</a>五服：以親疏關係爲差等的五種喪服。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記</span>：「師無當於五服，五服弗得不親。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「五服，斬衰至緦麻之親。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「五服，斬衰也，齊衰也，大功也，小功也，緦麻也。」</span> </p><p> <span>二三子侍乎前<a class="zhuhao" href="#2755" id="2749">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">門生也。</span> <span>賓退，翼而進</span> <span class="font12 zhu">斂肘以進。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翼而進】上音弋，鳥羽也，敬也，美也。<span class="shuming">語</span>：趍進，翼如<a class="zhuhao" href="#2756" id="2750">〔二〕</a>。注云：疾趍而進，端好如鳥之舒翼。此義同彼。【斂肘】上良冉切，收攝也，下陟柳切，臂肘也。</span> <span>曰：「三乘之行，或得聞焉。三代之禮，未之學也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>文質不同。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文質不同】<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>文<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>質，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>文質彬彬也。</span> <span>而百行之紀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2757" id="2751">〔三〕</a>，莫大乎孝；孝，莫大乎送死。有死已復，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">送葬返，置干<a class="zhuhao" href="#2758" id="2752">〔四〕</a>几筵，復其靈魄。盡愛之󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#2759" id="2753">〔五〕</a>有禱祠心焉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【几筵】几，案屬；下筵，席也。鋪陳曰筵，藉地曰蓆。【禱祠】上音倒，請也，求福也；下音辭，祭也。</span> <span>生有節焉。夫徵諸終，終則其始可知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「始卒，主人啼，兄弟哭。」「小斂，即位于内，袒，脱髦，括髮以麻。」「士之喪，二日而殯。皆三日不食。食粥，朝一溢米，暮一溢米。」溢，一升二十四分之一也。「既葬，主人蔬食水飲，不食菜<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00452','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P452</span></i>果。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2760" id="2754">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徵】問也，求也。【卒】子聿切，終也，盡也。【脱髦】上徒活切，解也；下音毛，子父飾也。【括髮】上古活切，檢也，結也。【溢】音逸，二十四分曰溢。</span> <span>敢問何謂沙門喪在五服焉？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五服，斬縗﹑齊縗﹑大功﹑小功﹑緦麻是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斬縗】上截也，下喪衣也。長六寸，博四寸。縗者，摧也。孝子居父喪，如斬截摧壞心也。【齊縗】上音資，而有五種，如餘處辯。【緦】音思，三月服也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2749" id="2755">〔一〕</a>二三子：猶言諸君，指諸弟子。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「二三子何患於喪乎？天下之無道也久矣，天將以夫子爲木鐸。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2750" id="2756">〔二〕</a>趍，同「趨」。出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">鄉黨</span>：「趨進，翼如也。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">孔安國</span>曰：「言端好也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「趨進翼如也者，謂疾趨而進，張拱端好，爲鳥之張翼也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2751" id="2757">〔三〕</a>百行：各種品行。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">氓</span>：「士之耽兮，猶可説也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「士有百行，可以功過相除。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2752" id="2758">〔四〕</a>干：疑爲「于」字之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2753" id="2759">〔五〕</a>闕文原爲空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2754" id="2760">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪大記</span>：「始卒，主人啼，兄弟哭，婦人哭踊。」又：「小斂，主人即位于户内，主婦東面，乃斂。卒斂，主人馮之踊，主婦亦如之。主人袒，説髦，括髮以麻；婦人髽，帶麻于房中。」又：「君之喪，子﹑大夫﹑公子﹑衆士皆三日不食。子﹑大夫﹑公子﹑衆士食粥，納財，朝一溢米，莫一溢米，食之無算。士，疏食水飲，食之無算。夫人﹑世婦﹑諸妻，皆疏食水飲，食之無算。大夫之喪，主人﹑室老﹑子姓皆食粥，衆士疏食水飲，妻妾疏食水飲。士亦如之。既葬﹑主人疏食水飲，不食菜果。」溢：<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注曰：「二十兩曰溢。於粟米之法，一溢爲米一升二十四分升之一。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00453','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P453</span></i><p> <span>余釋几久之，愀然而告之曰：「先王之禮，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>君子之所知也，於<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>多能也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2766" id="2761">〔一〕</a>，吾未之其究也已。夫<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，非方俗所同，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子既宗<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之教，與中國方俗不同。</span> <span>質極而微矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2767" id="2762">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西國之俗，簡質而微略也。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸傳</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>聰明俊利，神州不及<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>。禮儀法則，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>不及神州。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【釋】捨也。【愀】親小切，容色變也。</span> <span>古者<span class="zhuanming">羲</span><span class="zhuanming">農</span>之淳，中國則變。蓋質極而文，文極而質，四海則不然<a class="zhuhao" href="#2768" id="2763">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>法地，故質。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>法於天，故文也。四海不變。</span> <span>今緇衣在<span class="zhuanming">華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">華</span>則有儀，其可同於異域歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">先王制四夷之樂，不制四夷之禮。今<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子既在中國，不可同於異域。</span> <span>故稽五服之數，象升降之節，擬議其教<a class="zhuhao" href="#2769" id="2764">〔四〕</a>，立以爲文。至若語其憲章<a class="zhuhao" href="#2770" id="2765">〔五〕</a>，有所損益，合乎天下之心者，以俟君子矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今依五服而象之。斬衰三年，齊衰周年，大功九月，小功五月，緦麻三月，或上或下以行之。如要合天下之宜以得其中，俟將來君子裁制也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2761" id="2766">〔一〕</a>愀然：容色改變貌。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">哀公問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>愀然作色而對曰：『君之及此言也，百姓之德也。』」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「愀然，變動貌也。」　<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>禮，吾能言之，<span class="zhuanming">杞</span>不足徵也；<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>禮，吾能言之，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>不足徵也。文獻不足故也。足，則吾能徵之矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2762" id="2767">〔二〕</a>方俗：地方風俗。<span class="shuming">漢武故事</span>：「天祭長八尺，擎日月，祭以牛。上令依其方俗禮之，方士皆以爲夷狄鬼神，不宜在中，因乃止。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2763" id="2768">〔三〕</a>四海：古以<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>四境有海環繞，各按方位爲「東海」﹑「南海」﹑「西海」和「北海」，這裏指<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>之外的<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00454','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P454</span></i>地區。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2764" id="2769">〔四〕</a>升降：上升下降。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「居喪之禮，毁瘠不形，視聽不衰，升降不由阼階，出入不當門隧。」　擬議：揣度議論。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「擬之而後言，議之而後動，擬議以成其變化。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2765" id="2770">〔五〕</a>憲章：典章制度。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷七四上<span class="shuming">袁紹傳</span>：「觸情放慝，不顧憲章。」</span> </p><p> <span>「故喪父母者，如士喪，或則中而得禮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">於五孝中，依<span class="shuming">士喪禮</span>，得其中也。</span> <span>士喪者，杖﹑菅屨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2780" id="2771">〔一〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「士之喪，二日殯而杖，哭殯則杖，哭柩則輯杖。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【菅屨】上古顔切，茅屬；下音句，履屬。有本官字，悮。【哭柩則輯杖】輯，斂也。苴字悮。</span> <span>食粥﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三日不食，食粥飲水。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【菅屨食粥】上二字剩也。</span> <span>倚廬，寢苫枕凷<a class="zhuhao" href="#2781" id="2772">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「父母之喪，居倚廬﹑不塗，寢苫枕凷，非憂事不言也。」</span> <span>雖沙門苦節，降居貶衣食，有過乎喪禮者，而居喪合士行<a class="zhuhao" href="#2782" id="2773">〔三〕</a>，無傷聖人之教也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">沙門之行，本自苦節。若更因喪，倍貶服食。合於士行，不違禮律。故云「喪，與其易也，寧戚」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2783" id="2774">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貶】方斂切，損也。</span> <span>若鄙以俗内拘急，是不曠德。何莫裁使體不兼杖，真俗合舉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2784" id="2775">〔五〕</a>，簡而有戚也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若不欲俗禮拘忌，慮虧真道，縗而不杖，則真俗無妨。其儀雖略，其哀禮不無也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曠】明也，遠大也。</span> <span>夫陳簠簋，設几筵，非必以鬼求之父母，蓋申其哀敬，敬其若存也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2785" id="2776">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">簠簋，祭器也。几筵，靈座也。置者未必以鬼求於父母，蓋以繼心之所存，於哀敬有歸向之所表情也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【簠簋】上音甫，黍稷園器；下古美切，黍稷方器也。受一斗二升，足高一寸，如龜形，俱丹中漆，外器素無飾，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00455','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P455</span></i>表有哀戚之心也。【以之】下是鬼字。</span> <span>縗絰代乎黻冕<a class="zhuhao" href="#2786" id="2777">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">縗絰，喪服。黻冕，朝衣也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【絰】徒結切，頭絰也。【黻冕】上音弗，黻冕也。黻以縗代；下音免，冠也，免以經也。</span> <span>沙門既不縗，如何絰？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身既不縗服，則頭不宜安絰。</span> <span>𥿭縗繐裳，褻乎喪儀，儒則不爲，況<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>高者也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「麻者不紳，執玉不麻。麻不加於采。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2787" id="2778">〔八〕</a>以吉凶異也。僧既離俗，不同其製。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【𥿭】綺戟切，細葛布也。【繐裳】上音歲，細布也。【褻】音薛，慢。又，衷衣，扱袵不結襟也。</span> <span>或有所不避者，加乎冶容之嫌也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2788" id="2779">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">冶容，不正皃。不避俗譏，則有妖冶之容。嫌，非正也。</span> <span>非𪗋斬無以麻葛冒於首，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父母之喪，及親教戒師等，可以冒首。</span> <span>尼則猶可然。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2771" id="2780">〔一〕</a>菅屨：用菅草編織爲鞋。古代服喪時著之。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">喪服</span>：「喪服，斬衰裳，苴絰﹑杖﹑絞帶，冠繩纓，菅屨者。」<span class="zhuanming">賈公彦</span>疏：「菅屨者謂以菅草爲屨。」　<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪大記</span>：「士之喪，二日而殯，三日之朝，主人杖，婦人皆杖。於君命夫人之命如大夫，於大夫世婦之命如大夫。子皆杖，不以即位。大夫士哭殯則杖，哭柩則輯杖，棄杖者，斷而棄之於隱者。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2772" id="2781">〔二〕</a>倚廬：爲父母守喪時居住的簡陋棚屋。　寢苫：睡在草薦上。　苫：草薦。出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪大記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2773" id="2782">〔三〕</a>居喪：猶守孝。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公三十一年</span>：「居喪而不哀，在慼而有嘉容，是謂不度。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2774" id="2783">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">林放</span>問禮之本。子曰：『大哉問！禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2775" id="2784">〔五〕</a>裁使：控制使用。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">繆稱訓</span>：「兼覆蓋而並有之，度伎能而裁使之者，聖人也。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「裁，制也，度其伎能而裁制使之。」　真俗：因緣所生之事理曰俗，不生不滅之理性曰真；出世爲真，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00456','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P456</span></i>入世曰俗。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2776" id="2785">〔六〕</a>簠簋：盛黍稷稻粱之禮器。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「簠簋俎豆，制度文章，禮之器也。」　几筵：猶几席。祭祀的席位。這裏指靈座。　哀敬：悲痛莊敬。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">禮論</span>：「故喪禮者，無它焉，明死生之義，送以哀敬而終周藏也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2777" id="2786">〔七〕</a>縗：用粗麻布製成的喪服。　絰：用麻做的喪帶，在頭上爲首絰，在腰爲腰絰。　黻冕：祭服。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「惡衣服而致美乎黻冕。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「黻，蔽膝也，以韋爲之；冕，冠也；皆祭服也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2778" id="2787">〔八〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">雜記下</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2779" id="2788">〔九〕</a>冶容：修飾得很妖媚。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五二<span class="shuming">崔駰傳</span>：「揚娥眉於復關兮，犯孔戒之冶容。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭</span>：『冶容誨淫。』<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>云：『謂飾其容而見於外曰冶。』」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫禮不敵於公門，公門不賓之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2805" id="2789">〔一〕</a>。雖𪗋斬麻葛，無用於首焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">曲禮</span>云：「苞屨﹑扱衽﹑厭冠，不入公門。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2806" id="2790">〔二〕</a>皆以凶服故，雖有父母師長喪，皆不用也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【厭冠】上伏也。已上三事，不唯凶服，皆私飾不謹敬，不入公門。</span> <span>尊者前如公門<a class="zhuhao" href="#2807" id="2791">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦不冒麻於首。</span> <span>當齋戒，無號擗<a class="zhuhao" href="#2808" id="2792">〔四〕</a>，避衆嫌也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但可焚脩作福，而資薦之擗拊心也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2809" id="2793">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【號擗】上音豪，大呼也，哭也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：或號或呼。下音闢，撫心。男踊女躃也。【嫌】惡也。</span> <span>無恃以喪辭衆善<a class="zhuhao" href="#2810" id="2794">〔六〕</a>，恃以衆善降私喪。苟有義也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其有布薩講懺齋戒等善，不以喪事之。故中廢以衆善而殺喪禮無妨。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降】去聲，降殺也。【殺】所拜<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00457','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P457</span></i>切，降殺也。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>：所例切。</span> <span>時有灑地布蓆而後乃踊失頽然之哀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2811" id="2795">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">𪗋斬之喪，天地崩摧，痛割衷情。豈待布蓆灑地，然後擗踊者哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2812" id="2796">〔八〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【頽】杜回切，毁也。</span> <span>雖五服尊卑同，而損卑以年德<a class="zhuhao" href="#2813" id="2797">〔九〕</a>，不謂不知禮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">先王制五服之禮雖同，若卑者亡，在五服之數，於有年有德，降之亦可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尊卑同】以尊損卑。父在爲母朞年，天子二十，耆諸侯三十六。以年德損喪，禮謂孝子。六十七十，可以衣帛食肉。</span> <span>夫至道合乎至哀，不哭不踊，非象内之議也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哭踊之制，本徇俗情。象外忘心，顧戀非有。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「人之生，氣之聚也則爲生，散則爲死。若死生爲徒，吾又何患？故萬物一也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2814" id="2798">〔一○〕</a>是以妻死而鼓盆也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2815" id="2799">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徇】自衒名行也。【莊子云】遣情累篇也。</span> <span>昔者<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>居憂，殆至毁滅<a class="zhuhao" href="#2816" id="2800">〔一二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">母亡，毁瘠過禮，累日不食，殆不勝喪。<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>謂之曰：「聖人制禮，賢者俯就。不賢企及，毁不滅性。尚出儒書，況佛有微旨？近奉色養，遠發菩提。況恩愛賊，不可寬放。」乃割哀情，微進粥食。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>覲母，聞喪而還<a class="zhuhao" href="#2817" id="2801">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>高僧也，姓<span class="zhuanming">邢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南郡</span><span class="zhuanming">松滋</span>人。居<span class="zhuanming">相州</span>久，忽聞母在<span class="zhuanming">鄴都</span>病，往看之。至路聞已死，曰：「我本覲母。今喪，何覲也？」遂還。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殆】近也。【靈裕】<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">曲陽</span>人，姓<span class="zhuanming">趙氏</span>。【覲】見也。【姓邢南郡松滋人】此<span class="zhuanming">釋羅雲</span>傳，注爲<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>，悮也。</span> <span>君子以爲垂慧訓則<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>過<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>不及也。夫禮過者，俯而就之；不至者，跂而及之。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>乃名尊德實，纏情踰俗<a class="zhuhao" href="#2818" id="2802">〔一四〕</a>；<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>則位崇師表，憲法無取<a class="zhuhao" href="#2819" id="2803">〔一五〕</a>。議者與其不及，寧過。過則易抑，不及難引也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2820" id="2804">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哀過則可抑之，不及則難以引導後人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跂】去智切，舉足望也。【抑】止也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00458','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P458</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2789" id="2805">〔一〕</a>公門：官署，衙門。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">彊國</span>：「觀其士大夫，出於其門，入於公門，出於公門，歸於其家，無有私事也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2790" id="2806">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮下</span>：「苞屨﹑扱衽﹑厭冠，不入公門。」<span class="zhuanming">郑玄</span>注：「此皆凶服也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「苞屨謂藨蒯之草爲齊衰喪屨。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2791" id="2807">〔三〕</a>尊者：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語「阿梨耶」，意譯「尊者」﹑「聖者」。亦指具有較高的德行﹑智慧的僧人。<span class="zhuanming">元照</span><span class="shuming">四分律行事鈔</span><span class="shuming">資持記</span><span class="shuming">下三</span>：「尊者，謂臘高德重，爲人所尊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2792" id="2808">〔四〕</a>號擗：悲傷痛哭，捶胸頓足。<span class="shuming">梁書</span><span class="shuming">簡文帝紀</span>：「大行皇帝奄棄萬國，攀慕號躃，厝身靡所。」<span class="shuming">陳書</span><span class="shuming">始興王叔陵傳</span>：「大漸之後，聖躬號擗，遂因匍匐，手犯乘輿。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2793" id="2809">〔五〕</a>焚脩：焚香脩行。泛指浄脩。　資薦：祭獻。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2794" id="2810">〔六〕</a>衆善：謂各種善舉。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">有始</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>爲善而衆善至，<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>爲非而衆非來。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2795" id="2811">〔七〕</a>布蓆：鋪設坐席。蓆，同「席」。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">士冠禮</span>：「布席于門中﹑闑西閾外，西面。」　頽然：坍塌貌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2796" id="2812">〔八〕</a>擗踊：形容極度悲哀。擗，捶胸；踊，以脚頓地。<span class="shuming">孝經</span><span class="shuming">喪親章</span>：「擗踊哭泣，哀以送之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2797" id="2813">〔九〕</a>年德：年齡德行。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">禮運</span>：「合男女，頒爵位，必當年德。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「合男女使當其年，頒爵位必當其德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2798" id="2814">〔一○〕</a>出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2799" id="2815">〔一一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">至樂</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2800" id="2816">〔一二〕</a>居憂：指居父母之喪。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">太甲上</span>：「王徂<span class="zhuanming">桐宫</span>，居憂，克終允德。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「居憂位謂服治喪禮<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00459','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P459</span></i>也。」　毁滅：因居喪過哀而亡身。<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">辭郡辟讓申屠蟠書</span>：「喪親盡禮，幾於毁滅。」　按：<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>「居母憂，毁瘠過禮」，見<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法雲傳</span>。參<span class="shuming">釋賓問</span>引。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2801" id="2817">〔一三〕</a>覲：探望。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">靈裕傳</span>：「母病綿篤，追赴已終。中路聞之，竟不親對。嗟曰：『我來看母，今何所看？宜歸<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>寺，爲生來福耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2802" id="2818">〔一四〕</a>纏：纏綿。　踰：踰過。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2803" id="2819">〔一五〕</a>師表：謂表率。　憲法：法度。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2804" id="2820">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問：『<span class="zhuanming">師</span>與<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也孰賢？』子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">師</span>也過，<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也不及。』曰：『然則<span class="zhuanming">師</span>愈與？』子曰：『過猶不及。』」</span> </p><p> <span>「然諸夏之邦，以禮儀觀德<a class="zhuhao" href="#2827" id="2821">〔一〕</a>。居其邦，變其俗，君子所不爲也。雖世務立節，賢者達之，如<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>之流也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2828" id="2822">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曹</span>公子<span class="zhuanming">欣時</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣公</span>之庶子也。<span class="zhuanming">曹伯</span>卒，諸侯見王，將立之。<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>辭：「前志有之：『聖達節，次守節，下失節。』爲君，非吾節也。雖不能達，敢失守乎？」遂避奔<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>。<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，物外之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【子臧】<span class="shuming">成十三年傳</span>云。【原壤】<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，夫子故友，喪，人吊，但歌之，方外士也。</span> <span>世務亂禮，賢者立之，如<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>之流也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2829" id="2823">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">參</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子輿</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高柴</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>。泣血三年，未嘗見齒。並<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>弟子，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亂禮】亂，治也。【曾參】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>門人。【子皋】<span class="zhuanming">高柴</span>字<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>，性篤孝。</span> <span>今天下多思亂，禮于何不立之耶？昔竹林之賢洎<span class="zhuanming">胡毋輔之</span>徒，彼失禮者以爲<span class="zhuanming">達</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2830" id="2824">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">竹林<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>喪母，<span class="zhuanming">裴楷</span>往弔之。<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>散髮箕踞，不哭，醉而直視。<span class="zhuanming">裴楷</span>既哭畢，便去。或問<span class="zhuanming">裴</span>：「凡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00460','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P460</span></i>弔，主人哭，客乃爲禮。<span class="zhuanming">阮</span>既不哭，公何爲弔？」<span class="zhuanming">裴</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">阮</span>方外之人，故不禮制。我輩俗人，故以軌儀自居。」時人以爲兩得其中也。<span class="zhuanming">胡毋輔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2831" id="2825">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【胡毋輔之】毋音無字，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>太尉<span class="zhuanming">王衍</span>長史。「之」下更少「之」字。【阮籍】七賢一也。【裴楷】<span class="zhuanming">晉武</span>侍中。【軌儀】有本軟字，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">裕</span>若亦以爲達者，則不師不弟，當如彼不父不子矣。豈生則不捐愛以求覲，死則篤求其達乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">生則撫養之恩未斷，固存省覲。死則已同於草木，但可冥資？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【草木】米悮。</span> <span>故後來者不揣德行，不侔<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>而多爲<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">侔，齊也。侔猶不可，況不侔者哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揣】度也，試也，初委切。</span> <span>是以匠物者雖玄機冥達<a class="zhuhao" href="#2832" id="2826">〔六〕</a>，而爲物常守。古人云：『在人能人，在天能天。』蓋稱有道者，不以逆物爲懷也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【匠物】上工匠也，工能使物成器，爲師喻也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2821" id="2827">〔一〕</a>觀德：觀察德行。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">咸有一德</span>：「七世之廟，可以觀德。萬夫之長，可以觀政。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2822" id="2828">〔二〕</a>立節：樹立節操。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曹</span>人使<span class="zhuanming">公子負芻</span>守，使<span class="zhuanming">公子欣時</span>逆<span class="zhuanming">曹伯</span>之喪。秋，<span class="zhuanming">負芻</span>殺其大子而自立也。諸侯乃請討之，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人以其役之勞，請俟他年。冬，葬<span class="zhuanming">曹宣公</span>。既葬，<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>將亡，國人皆將從之。<span class="zhuanming">成公</span>乃懼，告罪，且請焉。乃反，而致其邑。」又<span class="shuming">成公十五年</span>：「諸侯將見<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>於王而立之，<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>辭曰：『<span class="shuming">前志</span>有之曰：「聖達節，次守節，下失節。」爲君，非吾節也。雖不能聖，敢失守乎？』遂逃，奔<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>。」又<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>之故人曰<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>，其母死，夫子助之沐槨。<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>登木曰：『久矣予之不託於音也。』歌曰：『狸首之斑然，執女手之卷然。』夫子爲弗聞也者而過之。從者曰：『子未可以已乎？』夫子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>聞之，親者毋失其爲親也，故者毋失其爲故也。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00461','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P461</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2823" id="2829">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">子思</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">彶</span>，吾執親之喪也，水漿不入於口者七日。』<span class="zhuanming">子思</span>曰：『先王之制禮也，過之者，俯而就之。不至焉者，跂而及之。故君子之執親之喪也，水漿不入於口者三日，杖而後能起。』」又：「<span class="zhuanming">高子皋</span>之執親之喪也，泣血三年，未嘗見齒，君子以爲難。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子，名<span class="zhuanming">柴</span>。泣血，言泣無聲，如血出。未嘗見齒，言笑之微。君子以爲難，言人不能然。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「凡人涕淚必因悲聲而出，若血出，則不由聲也。今<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>悲無聲，其涕亦出，如血之出，故云泣血。……凡人大笑則露齒本，中笑則露齒，微笑則不見齒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2824" id="2830">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">胡毋輔之</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">彦國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">泰山</span><span class="zhuanming">奉高</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">泰安</span>東）人。少時即有高名，有知人之明。性嗜酒，任縱不拘小節，常與朋友濫飲，或有裸體者。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷四九有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2825" id="2831">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷四九<span class="shuming">阮籍傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>）性至孝，母終，正與人圍棋，對者求止，<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>留與决賭。既而飲酒二斗，舉聲一號，吐血數升。及將葬，食一蒸肫，飲二斗酒，然後臨訣，直言窮矣，舉聲一號，因又吐血數升，毁瘠骨立，殆致滅性。<span class="zhuanming">裴楷</span>往吊之，<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>散髮箕踞，醉而直視，<span class="zhuanming">楷</span>弔唁畢，便去。或問<span class="zhuanming">楷</span>：『凡吊者，主哭，客乃爲禮。<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>既不哭，君何爲哭？』<span class="zhuanming">楷</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>既方外之士，故不崇禮典。我俗中之士，故以軌儀自居。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2826" id="2832">〔六〕</a>玄機：深奥微妙的義理。</span> </p><p> <span>「昔<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>泣餉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2839" id="2833">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">目連</span>母，長爪，梵志族<span class="zhuanming">青提</span>也。以慳貪不信，沈惡趣。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>得道，持食而往濟之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泣餉】上無聲出涕也；下野饋曰餉。【青提】<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>母。過去名<span class="zhuanming">青提</span>，非今世名<span class="zhuanming">青提</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">牟尼</span>扶櫬，</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00462','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P462</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>崩，佛扶櫬而葬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2840" id="2834">〔二〕</a>。又佛姨母<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>，比丘尼與五百尼，一日中同涅槃。時得正道優婆塞舉五百牀，四天王舉佛乳母<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>牀。佛自在前擎香爐燒香供養。語諸比丘：「汝等助我供養乳母身。」爾時諸羅漢比丘各各以神足力到<span class="zhuanming">摩利支山</span>，取牛頭香，助佛作𧂐也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2841" id="2835">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【扶櫬】上持助也，下棺櫬也。【浄飯王崩】<span class="shuming">浄飯王涅盤經</span>一卷，説王死殯事。【姨】母之妹曰姨。在<span class="shuming">莊嚴論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">增一阿含經</span>，與注有異，可詳。【五百尼同涅槃】緣在雜事分中。【𧂐】委𧂐。</span> <span>示人感慕之迹。夫能居其迹，而不有其迹，可謂至矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">喪有四制：有恩﹑有理﹑有節﹑有權。變而從宜可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喪有四制】文在<span class="shuming">家語</span>。</span> <span>經云『孝名爲戒』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2842" id="2836">〔四〕</a>，夫何義耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】<span class="shuming">菩薩戒經</span>『孝名爲戒』等。</span> <span>蓋孝者以敬慈爲本。敬則嚴親<a class="zhuhao" href="#2843" id="2837">〔五〕</a>，慈則愛人。嚴親則不侮於萬物，愛人則不傷於生類。防患息違，莫大於此矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不侮】侮，慢也。敬者親也，不敢慢於人，愛親者不敢惡於人。</span> <span>其或不由於孝，而能持戒者，無之矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒以慈爲本，以敬爲輔也。</span> <span>何則？不孝則無親，無親則不敬於上。不敬而能慈於下者，未之有也。律云：肩荷父母，便溲其上。經於綿劫，猶未能報一日生成<a class="zhuhao" href="#2844" id="2838">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【肩荷】上音堅，負也，任也；下胡可切，負也，擔也。左肩擔父，右肩擔母。【便溲】上平聲，下音叟，小便也。</span> <span>既<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>俾生報之以力，何死則無戚焉？故違<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>或賢，慕<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>則鄙。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">後徒高節不及<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>而欲效之者，非但可從常。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俾生報之以力】上並弭切，使也，從也。謂生能盡力，死能盡思也。</span> <span>勿使保名教者，以子孫入道乖乎孝悌，責響之論此而滋矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【保】安也，任也，守也，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00463','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P463</span></i>獲也。【孝悌】下音弟。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：愷悌君子。<span class="zhuanming">毛萇</span>云：愷，樂。悌，易也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2833" id="2839">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">目連</span>：<span class="zhuanming">摩訶目犍連</span>的略語，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>十大弟子之一，神通廣大。母死，墮餓鬼道中，爲救母脱離餓鬼道之苦，以神通力親往救之。事見<span class="shuming">佛説盂蘭盆經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大目乾連</span>始得六通，欲度父母，報乳哺之恩，即以道眼，觀視世間，見其亡母生餓鬼中，不見飲食，皮骨連立。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>悲哀，即鉢盛飯，往餉其母。母得鉢飯，便以左手障飯，右手摶飯，食未入口，化成火炭，遂不得食。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>大叫，悲號啼泣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2834" id="2840">〔二〕</a>櫬：棺材。<span class="shuming">佛説浄飯王般涅槃經</span>：「爲當來世諸不孝順父母者故，以大慈悲，現自躬身，擔父王棺。……<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>躬身，手執香爐，在喪前行，出詣葬所。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2835" id="2841">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷一○：「如<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>比丘尼與五百阿羅漢比丘尼等，一日中一時入涅槃。是時諸得三道優婆塞舉五百床，四天王舉佛乳母<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>床，佛自在前擎香爐，燒香供養。佛語比丘：『汝等助我供養乳母身。』爾時諸阿羅漢比丘，各各以神足力，到<span class="zhuanming">摩梨山</span>上，取牛頭栴檀香薪，助佛作𧂐。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2836" id="2842">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">梵網經盧舍那佛説菩薩心地戒品第十</span>卷下：「孝名爲戒，亦名制止。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2837" id="2843">〔五〕</a>嚴：尊敬，尊重。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2838" id="2844">〔六〕</a>綿：久遠。　生成：養育。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七○<span class="shuming">應詹傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">韋泓</span>）既受<span class="zhuanming">詹</span>生成之惠，<span class="zhuanming">詹</span>卒，遂製朋友之服，哭止宿草。」　按：<span class="shuming">雜寶藏經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">波羅奈國有一長者子共天神感王行孝緣</span>：「父母恩重，猶如天地。懷抱十月，推乾去濕。乳哺養大，教授人事。此身成立，皆由父母。得見日月，生活所作，父母之力。假使左肩擔父，右肩擔母，行至百年，復種種供養，猶不能報父母之恩。」<span class="shuming">彌沙塞羯磨本</span>：「佛告諸比丘：若人百年之中，左肩擔父，右肩安母，於上大小便利，極世珍奇衣食供養，猶不能報<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00464','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P464</span></i>須臾之恩。從今聽諸比丘盡心盡壽，供養父母。若不供養，得重罪。」</span> </p><p> <span>二三子曰：「喪所親，謹聞命矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已論父母之喪竟。</span> <span>喪師如之何？」</span> </p><p> <span>曰：「<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『事親，有隱而無犯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子爲父隱，直在其中。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禮云】<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓</span>之文也。</span> <span>左右就養無方，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">左右，謂扶持之。方，常也。</span> <span>服勤至死，致喪三年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2849" id="2845">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父喪，斬縗三年。母喪，齊縗三年。若父在者，周期而已，避父尊也。斬縗爲不緶之也，齊縗則緶之如常也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緶】房連切，縫也。</span> <span>事君，有犯而無隱，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臣以諫諍爲忠。</span> <span>左右就養有方，服勤至死，方喪三年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2850" id="2846">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">存君臣之義，比方父也。</span> <span>事師無犯無隱，左右就養無方，服勤至死，心喪三年。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2851" id="2847">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">師喪本無服，戒容在心。</span> <span>又曰：『兄弟，哭諸廟。父之友，哭諸廟門之外。師，哭諸寢。朋友，哭諸寢門之外。所知，哭諸野。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2852" id="2848">〔四〕</a>於<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>，則異乎禮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">與儒禮不同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2845" id="2849">〔一〕</a>服勤：謂服持職事勤勞。<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「言服勤者，謂服持勤苦勞辱之事。」　致喪：謂極盡哀戚之情爲父母守喪。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「致，謂戚容稱其服也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「致之言至也，謂哀情至極而居喪禮。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2846" id="2850">〔二〕</a>方喪：謂用事父之喪禮以事君喪。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「方喪，資於事父。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「方謂比方也。有比方父喪禮以喪君，故云資於事父。資，取也，取事父之喪禮以喪君。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2847" id="2851">〔三〕</a>心喪：謂老師去世，弟子守喪，身無喪服而心存哀悼。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「心喪，戚容如父而無服也。」文見<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「事親有隱而無犯，左右就養無方，服勤至死，致喪三年。事君有犯而無隱，左右就養<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00465','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P465</span></i>有方，服勤至死，方喪三年。事師無犯無隱，左右就養無方，服勤至死，心喪三年。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2848" id="2852">〔四〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伯高</span>死於<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，赴於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾惡乎哭諸？兄弟，吾哭諸廟。父之友，吾哭諸廟門之外。師，吾哭諸寢。朋友，吾哭諸寢門之外。所知，吾哭諸野。於野則已疏，於寢則已重。夫由<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也見我，吾哭諸<span class="zhuanming">賜氏</span>。』遂命<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>爲之主，曰：『爲爾哭也來者，拜之。知<span class="zhuanming">伯高</span>而來者，勿拜也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫師者，德藝之本也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【德藝】德有成形，藝可遊履，皆發明於師，故曰本也。</span> <span>匪德何立？匪師何教？雖上自王公，達于商﹑耰，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">耰，農人。<span class="zhuanming">長沮</span><span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>見<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>，耰而不輟是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2859" id="2853">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【商】行賣也，通財曰商。【耰】音憂，覆種也。【長沮桀溺】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>時隱也。</span> <span>皆嚴師，而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>加乎戒之所由生也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">仕農工商之子，尚立其師，況<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>削染傳戒者乎？</span> <span>故有戒則名沙門，無戒則非沙門。從戒而生，乃曰真生。戒自師授，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒者曰毗尼藏，防非止惡。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云毗柰耶，同也。</span> <span>故視師猶父也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">師本無服，今同於父。</span> <span>外國云『和尚』，此曰『力生』，言有力能生弟子戒法也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2860" id="2854">〔二〕</a>；外國云『阿闍梨』，此云『軌範』，言能教其軌範義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2861" id="2855">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【軌範】軌，法也；範，法式也。</span> <span>斯類有五焉，謂剃髮﹑十戒﹑依止﹑羯磨﹑教授。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">羯磨，謂受戒時作白也。</span> <span>其閒或以落簪佩禁自我而始也，或以法身慧學自我而成也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2862" id="2856">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【簪佩】簪，首笄也。簪帶環佩也。謂得花鬘瓔珞，香油塗身也。</span> <span>然世以君﹑父﹑師其恩一貫，父生之，師教之，君食之，故有致﹑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00466','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P466</span></i>方﹑心喪三焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父致喪，君方喪，師心喪，三也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貫】事也，行也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>以戒法故，隆之矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒爲入道之本，師爲出世之因。</span> <span>非但哭于寢也，執乎心喪也，當麻葛菲屨，方父斬也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">喪師之服，同父斬縗之孝，二十五月也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麻葛】麻爲腰帶，葛布爲帽。【菲屨】上音非，芳菲也；又敷尾切，薄也，菜也；又，音菜，可食也。三皆難用，宜扉字，音費，草屨也。</span> <span>但不必杖而後起，哭若不返，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂一盡聲也。</span> <span>唯而不對，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆喪父之禮，於喪師則不必然。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【唯】諾也。</span> <span>於餘則如禮焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此外並與喪父禮同。</span> <span>今委巷之子，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">委，曲也。鄉巷卑族之子也。</span> <span>號穹蒼，訴酷罰<a class="zhuhao" href="#2863" id="2857">〔五〕</a>，蓋不忌知父之嫌。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今僧有喪，師號哭云「蒼天」等，皆非禮。於父有嫌疑，宜去之可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【穹蒼】上去弓切，高也；下七剛切，蒼天也。倉非。【訴酷罰】上音素，訟也，告也；中苦沃切，虐也；下音伐，罪也，陷也。</span> <span>塗車﹑芻靈，神明之器，既不以鬼道期師，斯奚用焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2864" id="2858">〔六〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盟器之屬皆無益。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【塗車】遣車。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2853" id="2859">〔一〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">微子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">長沮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>耦而耕。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>過之，使<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問津焉。<span class="zhuanming">長沮</span>曰：『夫執輿者爲誰？』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『爲<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>。』曰：『是<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>與？』曰：『是也。』曰：『是知津矣！』問於<span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>曰：『子爲誰？』曰：『爲<span class="zhuanming">仲由</span>。』曰：『是<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>之徒與？』對曰：『然。』曰：『滔滔者天下皆是也，而誰以易之？且而與其從辟人之士也，豈若從辟世之士哉？』耰而不輟。<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>行以告，夫子憮然曰：『鳥獸不可與同群，吾非斯人之徒與而誰與？天下有道，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>不與易也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2854" id="2860">〔二〕</a>和尚：意譯力生﹑依學﹑親教師等，是對佛教師長的尊稱，後成爲一般僧徒之通稱。舆「尼姑」相對，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00467','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P467</span></i>則專指男僧了。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2855" id="2861">〔三〕</a>阿闍梨：亦譯阿遮利耶等，意譯導師﹑󰞻範師等。佛教稱教授弟子﹑堪爲楷模者爲「阿闍梨」。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷二「阿遮利耶」，原注：「譯爲󰞻範師，是能教弟子法式之義。先云阿闍梨，訛也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2856" id="2862">〔四〕</a>落簪：猶落髮。剃髮出家。<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">沙門不敬王者論</span>：「若斯人者，自誓始於落簪，立志形乎變服。」　法身：謂證得清浄自性，成就一切功德之身。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2857" id="2863">〔五〕</a>委巷：謂僻陋曲折的小巷，借指民間。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「小功不爲位也者，是委巷之禮也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「委巷，猶街里，委曲所爲也。」　穹蒼：蒼天。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">桑柔</span>：「靡有旅力，以念穹蒼。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「穹蒼，蒼天。<span class="shuming">釋天</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">李巡</span>曰『古時人質仰視天形，穹隆而高，色蒼蒼然，故曰穹蒼』是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2858" id="2864">〔六〕</a>塗車：泥車。古代送葬用的明器。　芻靈：用茅草紮成的人馬，爲古人送葬之物。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「塗車﹑芻靈，自古有之，明器之道也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「芻靈，束茅爲人馬，謂之靈者，神之類。」　鬼道：鬼道邪説。<span class="shuming">逸周書</span><span class="shuming">史記</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">玄都</span>賢鬼道，廢人事天，謀臣不用，龜策是從，神巫用國，哲士在外，<span class="zhuanming">玄都</span>以亡。」</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">道登</span>卒，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span><span class="zhuanming">孝文</span>詔曰：『朕師<span class="zhuanming">登法師</span>奄至殂背，痛怛摧動，不能已已。比治慎喪，未容即赴。』便準師義，哭諸門外<a class="zhuhao" href="#2870" id="2865">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>：「師喪，哭寢門外。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殂背】上音徂，死也；下音佩，棄也。【怛】丁割切，悲慘也。【比治】上音鼻，近也。【慎】謹也，誡也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>殁，帝哀慟罷朝，<span class="zhuanming">滕王</span>已下，被髮徒跣，從喪行哭<a class="zhuhao" href="#2871" id="2866">〔二〕</a>。後世莫能輕重之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2872" id="2867">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慟】哀過曰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00468','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P468</span></i>慟。【徒跣】徒，步。下音鮮，行也赤足也。【喪】隨行。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">柱史</span>抗絶，軌於<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>，或尸解於<span class="zhuanming">槐里</span>，其徒無所聞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2873" id="2868">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">老子</span>見<span class="zhuanming">周</span>德陵遲，乃乘青牛出<span class="zhuanming">函谷關</span>，西往<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>。又<span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>卒於<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">槐里</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦佚</span>弔之，三號而出。」自是其徒喪服之制，未聞其説也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【柱史】<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>掌柱下史，滅於<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>。【尸解】下音假，言非實死也。【槐里】上音回，<span class="zhuanming">鳳翔</span><span class="zhuanming">始平縣</span>有<span class="zhuanming">槐里</span>古城，<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>墓尚在，道家不認。【陵遲】墜而不興也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>司寇卒，門人疑所服。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『昔夫子喪<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>，若喪子而無服，請喪夫子若喪父而無服。』二三子皆絰而出也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2874" id="2869">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不爲哀弔，服而加麻，心喪三年。<span class="shuming">檀弓</span>文也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魯司寇】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>嘗爲<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>司寇。【不哀弔】宜爲字，惟﹑唯字。</span> <span>殆至<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，喪師彌篤，有以至於方父之喪者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2865" id="2870">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">道登</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">芮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東莞</span>（<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">沂水</span>）人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六有傳。　痛怛：哀痛悲傷。<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷二三<span class="shuming">褚淵傳</span>：「司徒奄至薨逝，痛怛慟懷。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2866" id="2871">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>八年八月十三日終於所住，春秋七十有三……帝聞之哀慟，敕王公已下，並往臨吊。並罷朝三日，贈物五百段，設千僧齋。」　徒跣：赤足。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">問喪</span>：「親始死，雞斯徒跣。」　行哭：放聲哭。<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span><span class="shuming">新書</span>卷六<span class="shuming">春秋</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄒穆公</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">鄒</span>之百姓若失慈父，行哭三月。」又，且行且哭。<span class="shuming">吴越春秋</span><span class="shuming">闔閭内傳</span>：「有頃，一老嫗行哭而來。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2867" id="2872">〔三〕</a>輕重：褒貶。<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷二七<span class="shuming">定賢</span>：「利害之賢，或不好士，不能爲輕重，則衆不歸而士不附也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2868" id="2873">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">柱史</span>：「柱下史」的省稱。代指<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五九<span class="shuming">張衡傳</span>：「庶前訓之可鑽，聊朝隱乎<span class="zhuanming">柱史</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">李<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00469','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P469</span></i>賢</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">周</span>柱下史，朝隱終身無患。」　尸解：謂道徒遺其形骸而仙去。<span class="zhuanming">劉向</span><span class="shuming">列仙傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>西遊，<span class="zhuanming">關</span>令<span class="zhuanming">尹喜</span>望見有紫氣浮<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>果乘青牛而過也。」又<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">養生主</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">秦失</span>弔之，三號而出。弟子曰：『非夫子之友邪？』曰：『然。』『然則弔焉若此，可乎？』曰：『然。始也吾以爲其人也，而今非也。向吾入而弔焉，有老者哭之，如哭其子；少者哭之，如哭其母。彼其所以會之，必有不蘄言而言，不蘄哭而哭者。是遁天倍情，忘其所受，古者謂之遁天之刑。適來，夫子時也；適去，夫子順也。安時而處順，哀樂不能入也，古者謂是帝之縣解。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2869" id="2874">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">魯司寇</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曾爲<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>司寇。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>之喪，門人疑所服。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『昔者夫子之喪<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>，若喪子而無服，喪<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>亦然。請喪夫子，若喪父而無服。』」</span> </p><p> <span>今之禮薄，寡有絻焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">絻，喪服也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【絻】問﹑免二音，喪服也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>制喪七日，以凡情難割，俾展哀也。過則束於禮矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2886" id="2875">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧本象外之教，以凡情未遣，乃制七日之禮，以展情也。若過，則拘束儒教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遠公制喪】遺囑弟子等制喪七日等。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>隱士<span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>卒，弟子雖禀内教，若喪父無服<a class="zhuhao" href="#2887" id="2876">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>居<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，後拂衣不仕，辟穀，麻衣，草室，屏絶世典，精研佛理，述頓悟義，當時莫有能屈者。注<span class="shuming">法華經</span>，講<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大品</span>等經。<span class="zhuanming">建武</span>初，徵爲國子博士。卒于<span class="zhuanming">江州</span>，白雲徘徊，有異香滿室，空中磬聲，年六十，弟子等如喪父而無服。<span class="zhuanming">庾詵</span>云：「文爲世范，行爲士則。」因謚<span class="zhuanming">文範先生</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虬】渠幽切，無角龍也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>誡無哭泣﹑著喪服。彼各隨時之義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2888" id="2877">〔三〕</a>。夫<span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>羔雁不顧<a class="zhuhao" href="#2889" id="2878">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">卿執羔，大夫執雁。<span class="zhuanming">虬</span>初爲<span class="zhuanming">當陽</span>令，改爲<span class="zhuanming">南城</span>，拂衣自免，年四十二。時論比之<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">踈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">邴</span>，辭榮不顧禄位也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00470','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P470</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隋天台】<span class="zhuanming">智者大師</span>。【羔雁】上音高，羊子也；下五晏切。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：孟春之月，鴻雁來儀。<span class="shuming">白虎通</span>云：鷙用雁者，取其隨時。【踈邴】<span class="zhuanming">踈</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">踈廣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>時爲太子太傅，自免皈老。<span class="zhuanming">邴</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">邴吉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>爲京兆尹，<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>肅政，告老而去。</span> <span>形質已遺。居今之死，非曰始死。若使爲喪，猶矯乎羔雁，故損仁義，以示簡朴有終焉，而弟子從乎<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>門之議也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矯】詐也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>五十餘州咸禀歸戒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2890" id="2879">〔五〕</a>，若循乎縞素，則半國之人皆喪服矣，故可抑而從<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之風也。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：『喪，與其易也，寧戚。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2891" id="2880">〔六〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">喪禮宜得中。若和易，則寧可哀戚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】音旬，次序也。【縞】音杲，素也。【寧】願也。【戚也】九字悮。</span> <span>斯則振時之意厚矣。今<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>之風，喪則喪矣，十師而亡，哀降殺何哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2892" id="2881">〔七〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">親教師可同斬縗，本頭戒師可大功，教授師可小功，羯磨師已下剃髮師﹑十戒師﹑八戒師﹑五戒師﹑依止師﹑授法師，並緦麻可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【振】救也，整也。【喪則喪矣】上平聲，亡也；次則矣；下去聲，亡也，不遵行也。【教授】投悮。【依止】衣悮。【授法】受去皆悮。</span> <span>匪喪則已，喪則其無别乎？故戒師可乎大功也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">九月服。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【匪】無也。已，止也。有喪别也，其或尊此一科，密責<span class="zhuanming">齊州</span>三藏。</span> <span>教授小功也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五月也。</span> <span>餘則緦麻可矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2893" id="2882">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三月。</span> <span>朋友者，<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『群居，入則絰，出則否。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2894" id="2883">〔九〕</a>『朋友皆在他邦』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2895" id="2884">〔一○〕</a>，則但師，心喪三年；朋友，期。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【朞】音基，周年曰基。</span> <span>故朋友墓有宿草，則不哭焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2896" id="2885">〔一一〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2875" id="2886">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「門徒號慟，若喪考妣。道俗奔赴，轂繼肩隨。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>以凡夫之情難割，乃制七日<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00471','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P471</span></i>展哀，遺命使露骸松下。既而弟子收葬。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2876" id="2887">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>（公元四三八—四九五年）：<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>隱士。早年爲國子博士，歷官<span class="zhuanming">富陽</span>縣令﹑<span class="zhuanming">南郡</span>丞。精研佛法，辟穀卻粒，一朝成道，宣揚「入空必頓」的觀點，撰有<span class="shuming">注法華經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">注無量義經</span>，教判佛教「頓漸二教五時七階」之説。謚<span class="zhuanming">文範先生</span>。<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷五四﹑<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷五○有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2877" id="2888">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>：指「<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗」實際創始人﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span>之際高僧<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>（公元五三八—五九七年），世稱<span class="zhuanming">智者大師</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天台大師</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">智顗傳</span>：「又敕維那：『人命將終，聞鐘磬聲，增其正念。唯長唯久，氣盡爲期。云何身冷，方復響磬。世間哭泣著服，皆不應作，且各默然，吾將去矣。』」<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷二四：「及期日，誡諸門人：『吾滅後，不得以喪服哭泣，有亂規矩。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2878" id="2889">〔四〕</a>羔雁：小羊和雁，古代用爲卿﹑大夫的贄禮。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">大宗伯</span>：「卿執羔，大夫執雁。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「羔，小羊，取其群而不失其類。雁，取其候時而行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2879" id="2890">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">釋智顗</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">釋智顗傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>東西垂範，化通萬里。……五十餘州，道俗受菩薩戒者，不可稱紀。傳業學士三十二人，習禪學士散流<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，莫限其數。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2880" id="2891">〔六〕</a>縞素：白色喪服。　<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">林放</span>問禮之本。子曰：『大哉問！禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2881" id="2892">〔七〕</a>降殺：遞減。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十六年</span>：「自上以下，降殺以兩，禮也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2882" id="2893">〔八〕</a>大功：喪服五服的第三等，服期九月。孝服用熟麻布做成，較齊衰稍細，較小功爲粗。　小功：五服之第四等。服期五月，孝服以熟麻布製成，較大功爲細，較緦麻爲粗。　緦麻：五服中之最<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00472','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P472</span></i>輕者，服期三月，孝服用細麻布製成。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">喪服</span>：「緦麻三月者。」<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公三年</span>「改葬之禮緦」<span class="zhuanming">楊士勳</span>疏：「五服者，案喪服有斬衰﹑齊衰﹑大功﹑小功﹑緦麻是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2883" id="2894">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>之喪，二三子皆絰而出。群居則絰，出則否。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2884" id="2895">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">喪服</span>：「朋友皆在他邦，袒免。歸則已。朋友，麻。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2885" id="2896">〔一一〕</a>宿草：隔年的草。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「朋友之墓，有宿草而不哭焉。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「宿草謂陳根也。爲師心喪三年，於朋友期可也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「宿草，陳根也，草經一年則根陳也，朋友相爲哭一期，草根陳乃不哭也。」</span> </p><p> <span>「在異域，無喪制。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">凡云異域﹑外國，皆<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>也。</span> <span>不封不樹，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">封，塚土也。</span> <span>棄之中野<a class="zhuhao" href="#2900" id="2897">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">施鳥獸於寒林。</span> <span>或崇藴燃之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">焚之以薪。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崇藴】請高積其薪而焚之。</span> <span>或淵流沈之，所窆者少<a class="zhuhao" href="#2901" id="2898">〔二〕</a>，喪期無數，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">窆，埋之也。或棄或焚或沈，亦無五服期限之事。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【窆】方󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#2902" id="2899">〔三〕</a>切，以手下棺曰窆。【埋之】理悮。</span> <span>若中華之前古。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">同上古之時也。</span> <span>其有欲遵此而罷哭泣﹑去喪制﹑爲不違律者，吾無與乎爾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身居東土，而欲禮遵西國，不可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遵】行也，習也。【罷】音皮，止也，體也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2897" id="2900">〔一〕</a>中野：原野之中。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「葬之中野，不封不樹。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2898" id="2901">〔二〕</a>窆：埋葬。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷七下：「窆，葬下棺也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2899" id="2902">〔三〕</a>闕文底本漫漶不清。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00473','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P473</span></i><p> <span>「夫揣食嗚足，袒肩跣趾，圍繞却退，皆殊俗之風也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">南海寄歸傳</span>云：「西國以手揣飯而食。禮拜嗚足，以舌舐之也。袒肩，露右膊也。跣趾，赤脚也。圍繞退坐。」此皆西土之風。今皆不行喪禮，如何便欲遵之？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揣】以手取食也。【嗚足】以舌舐足也。【南海寄歸傳】<span class="zhuanming">義浄三藏</span>從西回至<span class="zhuanming">師子州</span>，權住於彼，先寫<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>風俗﹑禮法﹑服食等事爲四十篇，寄來<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，故曰<span class="shuming">南海寄歸傳</span>。</span> <span>中國則不爲。何臨喪則欲承之歟？夫哀哭喪服，且非性戒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但是遮戒制約。</span> <span>雖五篇則禁，而律有隨方之義<a class="zhuhao" href="#2911" id="2903">〔一〕</a>。孰謂居喪，必違聖意焉？昔<span class="zhuanming">雙林</span>摽擗<a class="zhuhao" href="#2912" id="2904">〔二〕</a>，佛剖棺而興，慰而不責，蓋憫其號慕，篤其哀敬。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛<span class="zhuanming">俱尸</span>入滅，弟子號擗。佛母<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>自<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>來，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>從金棺起，與母相見。而不責弟子等悲號，蓋欲厚其哀慕之心也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2913" id="2905">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【摽】音飃。<span class="shuming">字統</span>云：繫也；又音鰾，拊心也。【號慕】嬰號孺慕。【摩耶自天來】佛臨涅槃，母子相見，經中自説之。</span> <span>夫敬則行其志，慕則思其教。教立而志宣，於摽擗之理，實爲有得。涅槃爲究竟之教<a class="zhuhao" href="#2914" id="2906">〔四〕</a>，於何不然？若以去親擯俗，習無生之法，當忘情絶愛，固不宜者，則何太早？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殊未行行，便欲忘情，一何謬也！<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【擯】斥也。【行行】上平下去。【殊】絶也，全也。【擯俗】浴悮。</span> <span>計『見卵<a class="zhuhao" href="#2915" id="2907">〔五〕</a>而求時夜，見彈而求鴞䏑』歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#2916" id="2908">〔六〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時夜，雞也。有司辰之功。今見卵便欲求雞，理非也。鴞，如鳩，緑色，肉爲䏑最美，須以彈方獲。今見彈便索鴞䏑，非也。忘情於境，方契於道。今情既未忘，如何便欲擯俗也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【彈】丸也。【鴞䏑】上于嬌切，鴟鴞也；下音隻，又音拓，<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：炮肉也。以肉在火上。文見<span class="shuming">莊子</span>説。</span> <span>夫始行之徒，未階<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00474','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P474</span></i>聖位，志業沉麽，蓋區中一細人耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#2917" id="2909">〔七〕</a>，遽則能割愛乎？夫不愛於其親，則移愛於他人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不愛其親而愛他人，謂之悖德。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沉麽】上下也，下細小也。【細】小也。【遽】急也。</span> <span>而於權勢潤屋之門，蘧蘧然</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蘧蘧，草草皃。</span> <span>有所親附也。其忘情者，但忘於名教禮義，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今見吾門有擯名教，謂之聲聞，取著全便忘棄。則又見貴門財物，動容汲汲者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【潤屋】德潤身，財潤屋。如金玉滿堂，但名潤屋。【蘧】音句，怱急也。【汲汲】賢者不汲汲於富貴，小人反是。</span> <span>而忿欲﹑勝負﹑衣服﹑飲食，逐逐焉何所忘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2918" id="2910">〔八〕</a>。既情不盡忘，愛不盡絶，豈於喪禮而欲去耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逐逐】追尋也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2903" id="2911">〔一〕</a>五篇：佛教分犯戒爲五等：波羅夷﹑僧殘﹑波逸提﹑提舍尼﹑突吉羅。參見<span class="shuming">宗師議</span>篇注。　隨方：依據情勢。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷七七<span class="shuming">恩幸傳論</span>：「若夫竭忠盡節，仕子恒圖，隨方致用，明君盛典，舊非本舊，因新以成舊者也。」律有隨方之義，謂隨方毗尼，即戒律中<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>未禁止之事﹑不經開（開許）廢（禁止）之新事例，可據當地風土﹑氣候等而斟酌開許廢止。<span class="shuming">五分律</span>卷二二：「雖是我所制，而於餘方不以爲清浄者，皆不應用；雖非我所制，而於餘方必應行者，皆不得不行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2904" id="2912">〔二〕</a>摽擗：捶胸。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2905" id="2913">〔三〕</a>見<span class="shuming">摩訶摩耶經</span>（一名<span class="shuming">佛昇忉利天爲母説法</span>）卷下：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>已入般涅槃後，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶摩耶</span>從天來下至金棺所。爾時<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，爲後不孝諸衆生故，從金棺出，如師子王奮迅之勢，身毛孔中，放千光明。一一光明，有千化佛。悉皆合掌，向<span class="zhuanming">摩訶摩耶</span>。并又説於，如上諸偈。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00475','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P475</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2906" id="2914">〔四〕</a>究竟：猶言至極，即佛典裏所指最高境界，終極真理。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷七二：「究竟者，所謂諸法實相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2907" id="2915">〔五〕</a>卵：原誤作「卯」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2908" id="2916">〔六〕</a>時夜：指雞。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「見卵而求時夜，見彈而求鴞炙。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>引<span class="zhuanming">崔譔</span>曰：「時夜，司夜。謂雞也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2909" id="2917">〔七〕</a>志業：志向與事業。　細人：小人。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「君子之愛人也以德，細人之愛人也以姑息。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2910" id="2918">〔八〕</a>逐逐：貪婪追逐貌。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">頤</span>：「虎視眈眈，其欲逐逐。」</span> </p><p> <span>「或曰：若使沙門隨方，爲喪亦得。隨方致敬王者歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既同俗禮，何方便同拜揖？</span> <span>曰：不然。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">泛答也。</span> <span>何則？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">却徵也。</span> <span>夫拜爲外飾，孝自内心，抑爲外飾，損髡袒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2921" id="2919">〔一〕</a>之儀；抑其内心，失愛敬之性。與其兩抑，不若兩縱。縱其不拜，成王臣之信奬；縱其爲喪，成人倫之孝悌。故依違異也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2922" id="2920">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抑】按也。【損】傷也。【髡】音坤，去髮也。【縱】子用切，放肆也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2919" id="2921">〔一〕</a>袒：原誤作「祖」。　外飾：謂粉飾外表，虚飾。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2920" id="2922">〔二〕</a>依違：依順。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷六四<span class="shuming">鄭鮮之傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>）及爲宰相，頗慕風流，時或言論，人皆依違之，不敢難也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00476','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P476</span></i><p> <span>「詳夫外國，哀亦甚矣。故<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>喪母，惶惶戚戚<a class="zhuhao" href="#2932" id="2923">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>喪母，身灰塵坌等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惶戚】憂懼也。【身灰塵坌】藏有<span class="shuming">波斯匿王喪母塵坌身經</span>一卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>示滅，而四衆血現，如波羅奢花<a class="zhuhao" href="#2933" id="2924">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>灰身，<span class="zhuanming">無色界天</span>淚下，如春細雨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2934" id="2925">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>化定果色而下慰問也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【舍利弗灰身】事見<span class="shuming">增一阿含</span>第十八卷。</span> <span>豈不由生我德我，其情篤切，匪刑匪勸，志發于衷？故有昊天﹑蓼莪之痛<a class="zhuhao" href="#2935" id="2926">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哀哀父母，生我劬勞，欲報深恩，昊天罔極。蓼，長大也。莪，蘿蒿也。<span class="zhuanming">周幽王</span>時，人民久役，不得養父母，如見義不識也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衷】音忠，中也。【蓼莪】上音六，長大皃；下音俄，草名，斜蒿也。</span> <span>升堂負序之哀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">序，東西牆也。孝子升堂而背負序。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【負序】上背也，下庠序也。</span> <span>不期哭而聲自號，不盰衡而皃自苦<a class="zhuhao" href="#2936" id="2927">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盰衡】上況于切，逢目也；下户庚切，横也。</span> <span>安能以飾高而强抑，恥俗而求變耶？昔<span class="zhuanming">齊州三藏</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2937" id="2928">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>還，每事演遐舉之功，遥情賞金方之訓。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【齊州】<span class="zhuanming">濟南郡</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>爲郡，<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>置州，因<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>地爲名也。【金方】西方。</span> <span>以爲披黲布而乖常式，留長髮而異舊儀。斯亦重結塵勞，更嬰桎梏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2938" id="2929">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">襪黲﹑長長髮，未必合道者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【長長髮】上上，中平，謂今僧居喪，頭髮不剃也。</span> <span>又云：去<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>父之聖教，重<span class="zhuanming">周孔</span>之俗禮，特以<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>爲知道者也。竊以天下沙門皆非<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>也，爲<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>則<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>之步不成<a class="zhuhao" href="#2939" id="2930">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙郡</span>，美女能行。</span> <span>得無真俗兼喪焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2940" id="2931">〔九〕</a>？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2923" id="2932">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>：亦譯<span class="zhuanming">月光王</span>等，<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>國王，兼領有<span class="zhuanming">迦尸國</span>。與<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>同日出生，曾和<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>辯論<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00477','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P477</span></i>而結成好友，視<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>如師，與<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>同是護持佛教的兩大國王。<span class="shuming">佛説波斯匿王太后崩塵土坌身經</span>（一名<span class="shuming">波斯匿王喪母經</span>）：「時<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>供殯送母，日正中還。塵土坌身，步往詣園，至<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>所，頭面禮足，在一面坐。時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>問王言：『今王何故塵土坌身，步來至我所？』時<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>便涕泣不能自勝，揮淚白<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>言：『太后崩，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。太后無常，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>。年在期頤，無少壯力。積修善法，甚戀痛念。夙夜孝養，未曾違志。命可贖者，世殞身壽。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2924" id="2933">〔二〕</a>見<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>譯<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">壽命品</span>：「時有無量諸大弟子，尊者<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延</span>﹑尊者<span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>﹑尊者<span class="zhuanming">優波難陀</span>，如是等諸大比丘……舉身毛豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」又：「爾時復有<span class="zhuanming">拘陀羅</span>女，<span class="zhuanming">善賢比丘尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">優波難陀比丘尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">海意比丘尼</span>，與六十億比丘尼等……亦於晨朝日初出時，舉身毛豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」又：「爾時復有一<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>沙菩薩摩訶薩……舉身毛豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」又：「爾時復有二<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>沙諸優婆塞……作是念已，身毛皆豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2925" id="2934">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">增壹阿含經</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">四意斷品</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>已取滅度，諸天皆在空中悲號啼哭，不能自勝。虚空之中，<span class="zhuanming">欲天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">色天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色天</span>，悉共墮淚，亦如春月，細雨和暢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2926" id="2935">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">巧言</span>：「悠悠昊天，曰父母且。」<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">蓼莪</span>：「欲報之德，昊天罔極。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2927" id="2936">〔五〕</a>盰：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷四：「盰，目多白也。」　衡：眉上。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷九九上<span class="shuming">王莽傳</span>：「盱衡厲色，振揚武怒。」<span class="zhuanming">孟康</span>曰：「眉上曰衡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2928" id="2937">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>（公元六三五—七一三年）：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">張</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">文明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">齊州</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">濟南</span>）<span class="zhuanming">山莊</span>人。<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00478','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P478</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2929" id="2938">〔七〕</a>塵勞：謂世俗事務的煩惱。<span class="shuming">無量壽經</span>卷上：「散諸塵勞，壞諸欲塹。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2930" id="2939">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">秋水</span>：「且子獨不聞夫<span class="zhuanming">壽陵</span>餘子之學行於<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>與？未得國能，又失其故行矣，直匍匐而歸耳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2931" id="2940">〔九〕</a>得無：猶言豈不。</span> </p><p> <span>「古人曰：『聖達節，次守節，下失節。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2948" id="2941">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曹子臧</span>語也。</span> <span>夫非達非守，則非失。如何？是以居喪者，退居勵行，起於寒泉凱風之思<a class="zhuhao" href="#2949" id="2942">〔二〕</a>，修香火齊戒之福，幽顯普賴，奚則乖於道歟？今有瑣夫，居喪如無喪，衣食安安然，笑語晏晏然，何其勃也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2950" id="2943">〔三〕</a>！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臨喪不哀，吾何以觀之哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2951" id="2944">〔四〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凱風】上苦海切，和也，南風也。<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>篇名。大意哀悼追慼也。大意云寒泉在下而能潤澤於上萬物，母有之子，不能侍養，令母后嫁。母有凱風，能成熟於萬物，比母之恩，如何不思念也。或曰：因<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>言「律中有隨方之義」難。【賴】蒙也。【瑣】細小。【臨喪不哀】<span class="shuming">語</span>曰「居上不寬」等。</span> <span>有土之辟，亦可問之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2952" id="2945">〔五〕</a>，生成何罪焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【辟】音璧。皇﹑王﹑后﹑辟，君也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">草堂</span><span class="zhuanming">約</span>，二親將亡，並及臨訣，孺慕嬰號<a class="zhuhao" href="#2953" id="2946">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慕同孺子，號比嬰兒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臨訣】决悮。【孺】稚也，尚乳子也。</span> <span>不交人世，其德彌遠，其望彌重。不食五穀，猶至於是。食美衣輕者，其則能加於<span class="zhuanming">約</span>乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【食美衣輕】上音嗣也。衣，於既切，箸也。事在<span class="shuming">論語</span>引<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>問「三年之喪」等至「<span class="zhuanming">予</span>也有三年恩愛」者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2954" id="2947">〔七〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2941" id="2948">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十五年</span>：「諸侯將見<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>於王而立之，<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>辭曰：前志有之曰：『聖達節，次守節，下失<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00479','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P479</span></i>節。』」「聖達節」，<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>曰：「聖人應天命，不拘常禮也。」「次守節」，<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>曰：「謂賢者也。」「下失節」，<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>曰：「愚者妄動。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2942" id="2949">〔二〕</a>勵行：砥礪德行。　寒泉凱風之思：指子女對母親的思念之情。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">凱風</span>：「凱風自南，吹彼棘心。棘心夭夭，母氏劬勞。凱風自南，吹彼棘薪。母氏聖善，我無令人。爰有<span class="zhuanming">寒泉</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">浚</span>之下。有子七人，母氏勞苦。睍睆黄鳥，載好其音。有子七人，莫慰母心。」<span class="shuming">詩序</span>謂「美七子能盡其孝道，以慰其母心」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2943" id="2950">〔三〕</a>瑣：形容人品卑劣。　安安：謂安於環境或習慣。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「安安而能遷。」<span class="zhuanming">孫希旦</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「安安，謂心安於所安，凡身之所習，事之所便者，皆是也。」　晏晏：和悦貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">氓</span>：「總角之宴，言笑晏晏。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「晏晏，和柔也。」　勃：通「悖」，乖戾。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2944" id="2951">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「子曰：『居上不寬，爲禮不敬，臨喪不哀，吾何以觀之哉？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2945" id="2952">〔五〕</a>有土：有土地，有封地。　辟：君主。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2946" id="2953">〔六〕</a>臨訣：猶臨終。　孺慕：謂對父母的哀悼﹑悼念。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>與<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>立，見孺子慕者，<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>曰：『予壹不知夫喪之踴也，予欲去之久矣，情在於斯，其是也夫。』」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「喪之踴，猶孺子之號慕。」　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧約傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">德素</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">婁</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span><span class="zhuanming">烏場</span>人也……而二親喪亡，並及臨訣，孺慕嬰號，不交人世。積時停鄉，以開慈道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2947" id="2954">〔七〕</a>見<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>問：『三年之喪，期已久矣。君子三年不爲禮，禮必壞；三年不爲樂，樂必崩。舊穀既没，新穀既升，鑽燧改火，期可已矣。』子曰：『食夫稻，衣夫錦也，於女安乎？』曰：『安之。』<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00480','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P480</span></i>『女安，則爲之。夫君子之居喪，食旨不甘，聞樂不樂，居處不安，故不爲也。今女安，則爲之。』<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>出。子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">予</span>之不仁也！子生三年，然後免於父母之懷。夫三年之喪，天下之通喪也。<span class="zhuanming">予</span>也有三年之愛於其父母乎？』」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
喪服問第九
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133760" key="1133760"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第六 &gt; 喪服問第九 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133757" key="1133757"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00451','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P451</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000023">喪服問第九<span class="font12 zhu">服從恩制，喪以禮成。問喪父母與師，五服宜從何等<a class="zhuhao" href="#2748" id="2747">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：上蘇郎切，亡也，死喪也；服，飾也。通内外﹑大小，不出五等服，今篇外二内五也。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2747" id="2748">〔一〕</a>五服：以親疏關係爲差等的五種喪服。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記</span>：「師無當於五服，五服弗得不親。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「五服，斬衰至緦麻之親。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「五服，斬衰也，齊衰也，大功也，小功也，緦麻也。」</span> </p><p> <span>二三子侍乎前<a class="zhuhao" href="#2755" id="2749">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">門生也。</span> <span>賓退，翼而進</span> <span class="font12 zhu">斂肘以進。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翼而進】上音弋，鳥羽也，敬也，美也。<span class="shuming">語</span>：趍進，翼如<a class="zhuhao" href="#2756" id="2750">〔二〕</a>。注云：疾趍而進，端好如鳥之舒翼。此義同彼。【斂肘】上良冉切，收攝也，下陟柳切，臂肘也。</span> <span>曰：「三乘之行，或得聞焉。三代之禮，未之學也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>文質不同。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文質不同】<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>文<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>質，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>文質彬彬也。</span> <span>而百行之紀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2757" id="2751">〔三〕</a>，莫大乎孝；孝，莫大乎送死。有死已復，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">送葬返，置干<a class="zhuhao" href="#2758" id="2752">〔四〕</a>几筵，復其靈魄。盡愛之󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#2759" id="2753">〔五〕</a>有禱祠心焉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【几筵】几，案屬；下筵，席也。鋪陳曰筵，藉地曰蓆。【禱祠】上音倒，請也，求福也；下音辭，祭也。</span> <span>生有節焉。夫徵諸終，終則其始可知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「始卒，主人啼，兄弟哭。」「小斂，即位于内，袒，脱髦，括髮以麻。」「士之喪，二日而殯。皆三日不食。食粥，朝一溢米，暮一溢米。」溢，一升二十四分之一也。「既葬，主人蔬食水飲，不食菜<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00452','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P452</span></i>果。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2760" id="2754">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徵】問也，求也。【卒】子聿切，終也，盡也。【脱髦】上徒活切，解也；下音毛，子父飾也。【括髮】上古活切，檢也，結也。【溢】音逸，二十四分曰溢。</span> <span>敢問何謂沙門喪在五服焉？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五服，斬縗﹑齊縗﹑大功﹑小功﹑緦麻是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斬縗】上截也，下喪衣也。長六寸，博四寸。縗者，摧也。孝子居父喪，如斬截摧壞心也。【齊縗】上音資，而有五種，如餘處辯。【緦】音思，三月服也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2749" id="2755">〔一〕</a>二三子：猶言諸君，指諸弟子。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「二三子何患於喪乎？天下之無道也久矣，天將以夫子爲木鐸。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2750" id="2756">〔二〕</a>趍，同「趨」。出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">鄉黨</span>：「趨進，翼如也。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">孔安國</span>曰：「言端好也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「趨進翼如也者，謂疾趨而進，張拱端好，爲鳥之張翼也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2751" id="2757">〔三〕</a>百行：各種品行。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">氓</span>：「士之耽兮，猶可説也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋：「士有百行，可以功過相除。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2752" id="2758">〔四〕</a>干：疑爲「于」字之誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2753" id="2759">〔五〕</a>闕文原爲空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2754" id="2760">〔六〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪大記</span>：「始卒，主人啼，兄弟哭，婦人哭踊。」又：「小斂，主人即位于户内，主婦東面，乃斂。卒斂，主人馮之踊，主婦亦如之。主人袒，説髦，括髮以麻；婦人髽，帶麻于房中。」又：「君之喪，子﹑大夫﹑公子﹑衆士皆三日不食。子﹑大夫﹑公子﹑衆士食粥，納財，朝一溢米，莫一溢米，食之無算。士，疏食水飲，食之無算。夫人﹑世婦﹑諸妻，皆疏食水飲，食之無算。大夫之喪，主人﹑室老﹑子姓皆食粥，衆士疏食水飲，妻妾疏食水飲。士亦如之。既葬﹑主人疏食水飲，不食菜果。」溢：<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注曰：「二十兩曰溢。於粟米之法，一溢爲米一升二十四分升之一。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00453','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P453</span></i><p> <span>余釋几久之，愀然而告之曰：「先王之禮，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>君子之所知也，於<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>多能也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2766" id="2761">〔一〕</a>，吾未之其究也已。夫<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，非方俗所同，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子既宗<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之教，與中國方俗不同。</span> <span>質極而微矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2767" id="2762">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西國之俗，簡質而微略也。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸傳</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>聰明俊利，神州不及<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>。禮儀法則，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>不及神州。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【釋】捨也。【愀】親小切，容色變也。</span> <span>古者<span class="zhuanming">羲</span><span class="zhuanming">農</span>之淳，中國則變。蓋質極而文，文極而質，四海則不然<a class="zhuhao" href="#2768" id="2763">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>法地，故質。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>法於天，故文也。四海不變。</span> <span>今緇衣在<span class="zhuanming">華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">華</span>則有儀，其可同於異域歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">先王制四夷之樂，不制四夷之禮。今<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子既在中國，不可同於異域。</span> <span>故稽五服之數，象升降之節，擬議其教<a class="zhuhao" href="#2769" id="2764">〔四〕</a>，立以爲文。至若語其憲章<a class="zhuhao" href="#2770" id="2765">〔五〕</a>，有所損益，合乎天下之心者，以俟君子矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今依五服而象之。斬衰三年，齊衰周年，大功九月，小功五月，緦麻三月，或上或下以行之。如要合天下之宜以得其中，俟將來君子裁制也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2761" id="2766">〔一〕</a>愀然：容色改變貌。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">哀公問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>愀然作色而對曰：『君之及此言也，百姓之德也。』」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「愀然，變動貌也。」　<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>禮，吾能言之，<span class="zhuanming">杞</span>不足徵也；<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>禮，吾能言之，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>不足徵也。文獻不足故也。足，則吾能徵之矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2762" id="2767">〔二〕</a>方俗：地方風俗。<span class="shuming">漢武故事</span>：「天祭長八尺，擎日月，祭以牛。上令依其方俗禮之，方士皆以爲夷狄鬼神，不宜在中，因乃止。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2763" id="2768">〔三〕</a>四海：古以<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>四境有海環繞，各按方位爲「東海」﹑「南海」﹑「西海」和「北海」，這裏指<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>之外的<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00454','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P454</span></i>地區。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2764" id="2769">〔四〕</a>升降：上升下降。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「居喪之禮，毁瘠不形，視聽不衰，升降不由阼階，出入不當門隧。」　擬議：揣度議論。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「擬之而後言，議之而後動，擬議以成其變化。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2765" id="2770">〔五〕</a>憲章：典章制度。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷七四上<span class="shuming">袁紹傳</span>：「觸情放慝，不顧憲章。」</span> </p><p> <span>「故喪父母者，如士喪，或則中而得禮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">於五孝中，依<span class="shuming">士喪禮</span>，得其中也。</span> <span>士喪者，杖﹑菅屨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2780" id="2771">〔一〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「士之喪，二日殯而杖，哭殯則杖，哭柩則輯杖。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【菅屨】上古顔切，茅屬；下音句，履屬。有本官字，悮。【哭柩則輯杖】輯，斂也。苴字悮。</span> <span>食粥﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三日不食，食粥飲水。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【菅屨食粥】上二字剩也。</span> <span>倚廬，寢苫枕凷<a class="zhuhao" href="#2781" id="2772">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「父母之喪，居倚廬﹑不塗，寢苫枕凷，非憂事不言也。」</span> <span>雖沙門苦節，降居貶衣食，有過乎喪禮者，而居喪合士行<a class="zhuhao" href="#2782" id="2773">〔三〕</a>，無傷聖人之教也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">沙門之行，本自苦節。若更因喪，倍貶服食。合於士行，不違禮律。故云「喪，與其易也，寧戚」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2783" id="2774">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貶】方斂切，損也。</span> <span>若鄙以俗内拘急，是不曠德。何莫裁使體不兼杖，真俗合舉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2784" id="2775">〔五〕</a>，簡而有戚也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若不欲俗禮拘忌，慮虧真道，縗而不杖，則真俗無妨。其儀雖略，其哀禮不無也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曠】明也，遠大也。</span> <span>夫陳簠簋，設几筵，非必以鬼求之父母，蓋申其哀敬，敬其若存也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2785" id="2776">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">簠簋，祭器也。几筵，靈座也。置者未必以鬼求於父母，蓋以繼心之所存，於哀敬有歸向之所表情也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【簠簋】上音甫，黍稷園器；下古美切，黍稷方器也。受一斗二升，足高一寸，如龜形，俱丹中漆，外器素無飾，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00455','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P455</span></i>表有哀戚之心也。【以之】下是鬼字。</span> <span>縗絰代乎黻冕<a class="zhuhao" href="#2786" id="2777">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">縗絰，喪服。黻冕，朝衣也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【絰】徒結切，頭絰也。【黻冕】上音弗，黻冕也。黻以縗代；下音免，冠也，免以經也。</span> <span>沙門既不縗，如何絰？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身既不縗服，則頭不宜安絰。</span> <span>𥿭縗繐裳，褻乎喪儀，儒則不爲，況<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>高者也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「麻者不紳，執玉不麻。麻不加於采。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2787" id="2778">〔八〕</a>以吉凶異也。僧既離俗，不同其製。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【𥿭】綺戟切，細葛布也。【繐裳】上音歲，細布也。【褻】音薛，慢。又，衷衣，扱袵不結襟也。</span> <span>或有所不避者，加乎冶容之嫌也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2788" id="2779">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">冶容，不正皃。不避俗譏，則有妖冶之容。嫌，非正也。</span> <span>非𪗋斬無以麻葛冒於首，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父母之喪，及親教戒師等，可以冒首。</span> <span>尼則猶可然。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2771" id="2780">〔一〕</a>菅屨：用菅草編織爲鞋。古代服喪時著之。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">喪服</span>：「喪服，斬衰裳，苴絰﹑杖﹑絞帶，冠繩纓，菅屨者。」<span class="zhuanming">賈公彦</span>疏：「菅屨者謂以菅草爲屨。」　<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪大記</span>：「士之喪，二日而殯，三日之朝，主人杖，婦人皆杖。於君命夫人之命如大夫，於大夫世婦之命如大夫。子皆杖，不以即位。大夫士哭殯則杖，哭柩則輯杖，棄杖者，斷而棄之於隱者。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2772" id="2781">〔二〕</a>倚廬：爲父母守喪時居住的簡陋棚屋。　寢苫：睡在草薦上。　苫：草薦。出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">喪大記</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2773" id="2782">〔三〕</a>居喪：猶守孝。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公三十一年</span>：「居喪而不哀，在慼而有嘉容，是謂不度。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2774" id="2783">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">林放</span>問禮之本。子曰：『大哉問！禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2775" id="2784">〔五〕</a>裁使：控制使用。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">繆稱訓</span>：「兼覆蓋而並有之，度伎能而裁使之者，聖人也。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「裁，制也，度其伎能而裁制使之。」　真俗：因緣所生之事理曰俗，不生不滅之理性曰真；出世爲真，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00456','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P456</span></i>入世曰俗。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2776" id="2785">〔六〕</a>簠簋：盛黍稷稻粱之禮器。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">樂記</span>：「簠簋俎豆，制度文章，禮之器也。」　几筵：猶几席。祭祀的席位。這裏指靈座。　哀敬：悲痛莊敬。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">禮論</span>：「故喪禮者，無它焉，明死生之義，送以哀敬而終周藏也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2777" id="2786">〔七〕</a>縗：用粗麻布製成的喪服。　絰：用麻做的喪帶，在頭上爲首絰，在腰爲腰絰。　黻冕：祭服。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">泰伯</span>：「惡衣服而致美乎黻冕。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「黻，蔽膝也，以韋爲之；冕，冠也；皆祭服也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2778" id="2787">〔八〕</a>出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">雜記下</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2779" id="2788">〔九〕</a>冶容：修飾得很妖媚。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五二<span class="shuming">崔駰傳</span>：「揚娥眉於復關兮，犯孔戒之冶容。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭</span>：『冶容誨淫。』<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>云：『謂飾其容而見於外曰冶。』」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫禮不敵於公門，公門不賓之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2805" id="2789">〔一〕</a>。雖𪗋斬麻葛，無用於首焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">曲禮</span>云：「苞屨﹑扱衽﹑厭冠，不入公門。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2806" id="2790">〔二〕</a>皆以凶服故，雖有父母師長喪，皆不用也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【厭冠】上伏也。已上三事，不唯凶服，皆私飾不謹敬，不入公門。</span> <span>尊者前如公門<a class="zhuhao" href="#2807" id="2791">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亦不冒麻於首。</span> <span>當齋戒，無號擗<a class="zhuhao" href="#2808" id="2792">〔四〕</a>，避衆嫌也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但可焚脩作福，而資薦之擗拊心也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2809" id="2793">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【號擗】上音豪，大呼也，哭也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：或號或呼。下音闢，撫心。男踊女躃也。【嫌】惡也。</span> <span>無恃以喪辭衆善<a class="zhuhao" href="#2810" id="2794">〔六〕</a>，恃以衆善降私喪。苟有義也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其有布薩講懺齋戒等善，不以喪事之。故中廢以衆善而殺喪禮無妨。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降】去聲，降殺也。【殺】所拜<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00457','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P457</span></i>切，降殺也。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>：所例切。</span> <span>時有灑地布蓆而後乃踊失頽然之哀<a class="zhuhao" href="#2811" id="2795">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">𪗋斬之喪，天地崩摧，痛割衷情。豈待布蓆灑地，然後擗踊者哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2812" id="2796">〔八〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【頽】杜回切，毁也。</span> <span>雖五服尊卑同，而損卑以年德<a class="zhuhao" href="#2813" id="2797">〔九〕</a>，不謂不知禮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">先王制五服之禮雖同，若卑者亡，在五服之數，於有年有德，降之亦可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尊卑同】以尊損卑。父在爲母朞年，天子二十，耆諸侯三十六。以年德損喪，禮謂孝子。六十七十，可以衣帛食肉。</span> <span>夫至道合乎至哀，不哭不踊，非象内之議也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哭踊之制，本徇俗情。象外忘心，顧戀非有。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「人之生，氣之聚也則爲生，散則爲死。若死生爲徒，吾又何患？故萬物一也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2814" id="2798">〔一○〕</a>是以妻死而鼓盆也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2815" id="2799">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徇】自衒名行也。【莊子云】遣情累篇也。</span> <span>昔者<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>居憂，殆至毁滅<a class="zhuhao" href="#2816" id="2800">〔一二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">母亡，毁瘠過禮，累日不食，殆不勝喪。<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>謂之曰：「聖人制禮，賢者俯就。不賢企及，毁不滅性。尚出儒書，況佛有微旨？近奉色養，遠發菩提。況恩愛賊，不可寬放。」乃割哀情，微進粥食。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>覲母，聞喪而還<a class="zhuhao" href="#2817" id="2801">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>高僧也，姓<span class="zhuanming">邢</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南郡</span><span class="zhuanming">松滋</span>人。居<span class="zhuanming">相州</span>久，忽聞母在<span class="zhuanming">鄴都</span>病，往看之。至路聞已死，曰：「我本覲母。今喪，何覲也？」遂還。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殆】近也。【靈裕】<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">曲陽</span>人，姓<span class="zhuanming">趙氏</span>。【覲】見也。【姓邢南郡松滋人】此<span class="zhuanming">釋羅雲</span>傳，注爲<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>，悮也。</span> <span>君子以爲垂慧訓則<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>過<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>不及也。夫禮過者，俯而就之；不至者，跂而及之。<span class="zhuanming">雲</span>乃名尊德實，纏情踰俗<a class="zhuhao" href="#2818" id="2802">〔一四〕</a>；<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>則位崇師表，憲法無取<a class="zhuhao" href="#2819" id="2803">〔一五〕</a>。議者與其不及，寧過。過則易抑，不及難引也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2820" id="2804">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哀過則可抑之，不及則難以引導後人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跂】去智切，舉足望也。【抑】止也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00458','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P458</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2789" id="2805">〔一〕</a>公門：官署，衙門。<span class="shuming">荀子</span><span class="shuming">彊國</span>：「觀其士大夫，出於其門，入於公門，出於公門，歸於其家，無有私事也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2790" id="2806">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮下</span>：「苞屨﹑扱衽﹑厭冠，不入公門。」<span class="zhuanming">郑玄</span>注：「此皆凶服也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「苞屨謂藨蒯之草爲齊衰喪屨。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2791" id="2807">〔三〕</a>尊者：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語「阿梨耶」，意譯「尊者」﹑「聖者」。亦指具有較高的德行﹑智慧的僧人。<span class="zhuanming">元照</span><span class="shuming">四分律行事鈔</span><span class="shuming">資持記</span><span class="shuming">下三</span>：「尊者，謂臘高德重，爲人所尊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2792" id="2808">〔四〕</a>號擗：悲傷痛哭，捶胸頓足。<span class="shuming">梁書</span><span class="shuming">簡文帝紀</span>：「大行皇帝奄棄萬國，攀慕號躃，厝身靡所。」<span class="shuming">陳書</span><span class="shuming">始興王叔陵傳</span>：「大漸之後，聖躬號擗，遂因匍匐，手犯乘輿。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2793" id="2809">〔五〕</a>焚脩：焚香脩行。泛指浄脩。　資薦：祭獻。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2794" id="2810">〔六〕</a>衆善：謂各種善舉。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">有始</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>爲善而衆善至，<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>爲非而衆非來。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2795" id="2811">〔七〕</a>布蓆：鋪設坐席。蓆，同「席」。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">士冠禮</span>：「布席于門中﹑闑西閾外，西面。」　頽然：坍塌貌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2796" id="2812">〔八〕</a>擗踊：形容極度悲哀。擗，捶胸；踊，以脚頓地。<span class="shuming">孝經</span><span class="shuming">喪親章</span>：「擗踊哭泣，哀以送之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2797" id="2813">〔九〕</a>年德：年齡德行。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">禮運</span>：「合男女，頒爵位，必當年德。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「合男女使當其年，頒爵位必當其德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2798" id="2814">〔一○〕</a>出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">知北遊</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2799" id="2815">〔一一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">至樂</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2800" id="2816">〔一二〕</a>居憂：指居父母之喪。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">太甲上</span>：「王徂<span class="zhuanming">桐宫</span>，居憂，克終允德。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「居憂位謂服治喪禮<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00459','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P459</span></i>也。」　毁滅：因居喪過哀而亡身。<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">辭郡辟讓申屠蟠書</span>：「喪親盡禮，幾於毁滅。」　按：<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>「居母憂，毁瘠過禮」，見<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">法雲傳</span>。參<span class="shuming">釋賓問</span>引。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2801" id="2817">〔一三〕</a>覲：探望。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">靈裕傳</span>：「母病綿篤，追赴已終。中路聞之，竟不親對。嗟曰：『我來看母，今何所看？宜歸<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>寺，爲生來福耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2802" id="2818">〔一四〕</a>纏：纏綿。　踰：踰過。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2803" id="2819">〔一五〕</a>師表：謂表率。　憲法：法度。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2804" id="2820">〔一六〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問：『<span class="zhuanming">師</span>與<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也孰賢？』子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">師</span>也過，<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也不及。』曰：『然則<span class="zhuanming">師</span>愈與？』子曰：『過猶不及。』」</span> </p><p> <span>「然諸夏之邦，以禮儀觀德<a class="zhuhao" href="#2827" id="2821">〔一〕</a>。居其邦，變其俗，君子所不爲也。雖世務立節，賢者達之，如<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>之流也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2828" id="2822">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曹</span>公子<span class="zhuanming">欣時</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">宣公</span>之庶子也。<span class="zhuanming">曹伯</span>卒，諸侯見王，將立之。<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>辭：「前志有之：『聖達節，次守節，下失節。』爲君，非吾節也。雖不能達，敢失守乎？」遂避奔<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>。<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，物外之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【子臧】<span class="shuming">成十三年傳</span>云。【原壤】<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人，夫子故友，喪，人吊，但歌之，方外士也。</span> <span>世務亂禮，賢者立之，如<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>之流也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2829" id="2823">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">參</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子輿</span>。<span class="zhuanming">高柴</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>。泣血三年，未嘗見齒。並<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>弟子，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亂禮】亂，治也。【曾參】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>門人。【子皋】<span class="zhuanming">高柴</span>字<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>，性篤孝。</span> <span>今天下多思亂，禮于何不立之耶？昔竹林之賢洎<span class="zhuanming">胡毋輔之</span>徒，彼失禮者以爲<span class="zhuanming">達</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2830" id="2824">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">竹林<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>喪母，<span class="zhuanming">裴楷</span>往弔之。<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>散髮箕踞，不哭，醉而直視。<span class="zhuanming">裴楷</span>既哭畢，便去。或問<span class="zhuanming">裴</span>：「凡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00460','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P460</span></i>弔，主人哭，客乃爲禮。<span class="zhuanming">阮</span>既不哭，公何爲弔？」<span class="zhuanming">裴</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">阮</span>方外之人，故不禮制。我輩俗人，故以軌儀自居。」時人以爲兩得其中也。<span class="zhuanming">胡毋輔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2831" id="2825">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【胡毋輔之】毋音無字，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>太尉<span class="zhuanming">王衍</span>長史。「之」下更少「之」字。【阮籍】七賢一也。【裴楷】<span class="zhuanming">晉武</span>侍中。【軌儀】有本軟字，悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">裕</span>若亦以爲達者，則不師不弟，當如彼不父不子矣。豈生則不捐愛以求覲，死則篤求其達乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">生則撫養之恩未斷，固存省覲。死則已同於草木，但可冥資？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【草木】米悮。</span> <span>故後來者不揣德行，不侔<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>而多爲<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">侔，齊也。侔猶不可，況不侔者哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揣】度也，試也，初委切。</span> <span>是以匠物者雖玄機冥達<a class="zhuhao" href="#2832" id="2826">〔六〕</a>，而爲物常守。古人云：『在人能人，在天能天。』蓋稱有道者，不以逆物爲懷也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【匠物】上工匠也，工能使物成器，爲師喻也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2821" id="2827">〔一〕</a>觀德：觀察德行。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">咸有一德</span>：「七世之廟，可以觀德。萬夫之長，可以觀政。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2822" id="2828">〔二〕</a>立節：樹立節操。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十三年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曹</span>人使<span class="zhuanming">公子負芻</span>守，使<span class="zhuanming">公子欣時</span>逆<span class="zhuanming">曹伯</span>之喪。秋，<span class="zhuanming">負芻</span>殺其大子而自立也。諸侯乃請討之，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人以其役之勞，請俟他年。冬，葬<span class="zhuanming">曹宣公</span>。既葬，<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>將亡，國人皆將從之。<span class="zhuanming">成公</span>乃懼，告罪，且請焉。乃反，而致其邑。」又<span class="shuming">成公十五年</span>：「諸侯將見<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>於王而立之，<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>辭曰：『<span class="shuming">前志</span>有之曰：「聖達節，次守節，下失節。」爲君，非吾節也。雖不能聖，敢失守乎？』遂逃，奔<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>。」又<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>之故人曰<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>，其母死，夫子助之沐槨。<span class="zhuanming">原壤</span>登木曰：『久矣予之不託於音也。』歌曰：『狸首之斑然，執女手之卷然。』夫子爲弗聞也者而過之。從者曰：『子未可以已乎？』夫子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>聞之，親者毋失其爲親也，故者毋失其爲故也。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00461','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P461</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2823" id="2829">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">子思</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">彶</span>，吾執親之喪也，水漿不入於口者七日。』<span class="zhuanming">子思</span>曰：『先王之制禮也，過之者，俯而就之。不至焉者，跂而及之。故君子之執親之喪也，水漿不入於口者三日，杖而後能起。』」又：「<span class="zhuanming">高子皋</span>之執親之喪也，泣血三年，未嘗見齒，君子以爲難。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子，名<span class="zhuanming">柴</span>。泣血，言泣無聲，如血出。未嘗見齒，言笑之微。君子以爲難，言人不能然。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「凡人涕淚必因悲聲而出，若血出，則不由聲也。今<span class="zhuanming">子皋</span>悲無聲，其涕亦出，如血之出，故云泣血。……凡人大笑則露齒本，中笑則露齒，微笑則不見齒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2824" id="2830">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">胡毋輔之</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">彦國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">泰山</span><span class="zhuanming">奉高</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">泰安</span>東）人。少時即有高名，有知人之明。性嗜酒，任縱不拘小節，常與朋友濫飲，或有裸體者。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷四九有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2825" id="2831">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷四九<span class="shuming">阮籍傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>）性至孝，母終，正與人圍棋，對者求止，<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>留與决賭。既而飲酒二斗，舉聲一號，吐血數升。及將葬，食一蒸肫，飲二斗酒，然後臨訣，直言窮矣，舉聲一號，因又吐血數升，毁瘠骨立，殆致滅性。<span class="zhuanming">裴楷</span>往吊之，<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>散髮箕踞，醉而直視，<span class="zhuanming">楷</span>弔唁畢，便去。或問<span class="zhuanming">楷</span>：『凡吊者，主哭，客乃爲禮。<span class="zhuanming">籍</span>既不哭，君何爲哭？』<span class="zhuanming">楷</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">阮籍</span>既方外之士，故不崇禮典。我俗中之士，故以軌儀自居。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2826" id="2832">〔六〕</a>玄機：深奥微妙的義理。</span> </p><p> <span>「昔<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>泣餉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2839" id="2833">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">目連</span>母，長爪，梵志族<span class="zhuanming">青提</span>也。以慳貪不信，沈惡趣。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>得道，持食而往濟之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泣餉】上無聲出涕也；下野饋曰餉。【青提】<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>母。過去名<span class="zhuanming">青提</span>，非今世名<span class="zhuanming">青提</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">牟尼</span>扶櫬，</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00462','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P462</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>崩，佛扶櫬而葬<a class="zhuhao" href="#2840" id="2834">〔二〕</a>。又佛姨母<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>，比丘尼與五百尼，一日中同涅槃。時得正道優婆塞舉五百牀，四天王舉佛乳母<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>牀。佛自在前擎香爐燒香供養。語諸比丘：「汝等助我供養乳母身。」爾時諸羅漢比丘各各以神足力到<span class="zhuanming">摩利支山</span>，取牛頭香，助佛作𧂐也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2841" id="2835">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【扶櫬】上持助也，下棺櫬也。【浄飯王崩】<span class="shuming">浄飯王涅盤經</span>一卷，説王死殯事。【姨】母之妹曰姨。在<span class="shuming">莊嚴論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">增一阿含經</span>，與注有異，可詳。【五百尼同涅槃】緣在雜事分中。【𧂐】委𧂐。</span> <span>示人感慕之迹。夫能居其迹，而不有其迹，可謂至矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">喪有四制：有恩﹑有理﹑有節﹑有權。變而從宜可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喪有四制】文在<span class="shuming">家語</span>。</span> <span>經云『孝名爲戒』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2842" id="2836">〔四〕</a>，夫何義耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】<span class="shuming">菩薩戒經</span>『孝名爲戒』等。</span> <span>蓋孝者以敬慈爲本。敬則嚴親<a class="zhuhao" href="#2843" id="2837">〔五〕</a>，慈則愛人。嚴親則不侮於萬物，愛人則不傷於生類。防患息違，莫大於此矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不侮】侮，慢也。敬者親也，不敢慢於人，愛親者不敢惡於人。</span> <span>其或不由於孝，而能持戒者，無之矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒以慈爲本，以敬爲輔也。</span> <span>何則？不孝則無親，無親則不敬於上。不敬而能慈於下者，未之有也。律云：肩荷父母，便溲其上。經於綿劫，猶未能報一日生成<a class="zhuhao" href="#2844" id="2838">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【肩荷】上音堅，負也，任也；下胡可切，負也，擔也。左肩擔父，右肩擔母。【便溲】上平聲，下音叟，小便也。</span> <span>既<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>俾生報之以力，何死則無戚焉？故違<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>或賢，慕<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>則鄙。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">後徒高節不及<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>而欲效之者，非但可從常。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俾生報之以力】上並弭切，使也，從也。謂生能盡力，死能盡思也。</span> <span>勿使保名教者，以子孫入道乖乎孝悌，責響之論此而滋矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【保】安也，任也，守也，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00463','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P463</span></i>獲也。【孝悌】下音弟。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：愷悌君子。<span class="zhuanming">毛萇</span>云：愷，樂。悌，易也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2833" id="2839">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">目連</span>：<span class="zhuanming">摩訶目犍連</span>的略語，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>十大弟子之一，神通廣大。母死，墮餓鬼道中，爲救母脱離餓鬼道之苦，以神通力親往救之。事見<span class="shuming">佛説盂蘭盆經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大目乾連</span>始得六通，欲度父母，報乳哺之恩，即以道眼，觀視世間，見其亡母生餓鬼中，不見飲食，皮骨連立。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>悲哀，即鉢盛飯，往餉其母。母得鉢飯，便以左手障飯，右手摶飯，食未入口，化成火炭，遂不得食。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>大叫，悲號啼泣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2834" id="2840">〔二〕</a>櫬：棺材。<span class="shuming">佛説浄飯王般涅槃經</span>：「爲當來世諸不孝順父母者故，以大慈悲，現自躬身，擔父王棺。……<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>躬身，手執香爐，在喪前行，出詣葬所。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2835" id="2841">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷一○：「如<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>比丘尼與五百阿羅漢比丘尼等，一日中一時入涅槃。是時諸得三道優婆塞舉五百床，四天王舉佛乳母<span class="zhuanming">大愛道</span>床，佛自在前擎香爐，燒香供養。佛語比丘：『汝等助我供養乳母身。』爾時諸阿羅漢比丘，各各以神足力，到<span class="zhuanming">摩梨山</span>上，取牛頭栴檀香薪，助佛作𧂐。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2836" id="2842">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">梵網經盧舍那佛説菩薩心地戒品第十</span>卷下：「孝名爲戒，亦名制止。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2837" id="2843">〔五〕</a>嚴：尊敬，尊重。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2838" id="2844">〔六〕</a>綿：久遠。　生成：養育。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷七○<span class="shuming">應詹傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">韋泓</span>）既受<span class="zhuanming">詹</span>生成之惠，<span class="zhuanming">詹</span>卒，遂製朋友之服，哭止宿草。」　按：<span class="shuming">雜寶藏經</span>卷二<span class="shuming">波羅奈國有一長者子共天神感王行孝緣</span>：「父母恩重，猶如天地。懷抱十月，推乾去濕。乳哺養大，教授人事。此身成立，皆由父母。得見日月，生活所作，父母之力。假使左肩擔父，右肩擔母，行至百年，復種種供養，猶不能報父母之恩。」<span class="shuming">彌沙塞羯磨本</span>：「佛告諸比丘：若人百年之中，左肩擔父，右肩安母，於上大小便利，極世珍奇衣食供養，猶不能報<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00464','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P464</span></i>須臾之恩。從今聽諸比丘盡心盡壽，供養父母。若不供養，得重罪。」</span> </p><p> <span>二三子曰：「喪所親，謹聞命矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已論父母之喪竟。</span> <span>喪師如之何？」</span> </p><p> <span>曰：「<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『事親，有隱而無犯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子爲父隱，直在其中。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禮云】<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓</span>之文也。</span> <span>左右就養無方，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">左右，謂扶持之。方，常也。</span> <span>服勤至死，致喪三年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2849" id="2845">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父喪，斬縗三年。母喪，齊縗三年。若父在者，周期而已，避父尊也。斬縗爲不緶之也，齊縗則緶之如常也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緶】房連切，縫也。</span> <span>事君，有犯而無隱，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臣以諫諍爲忠。</span> <span>左右就養有方，服勤至死，方喪三年<a class="zhuhao" href="#2850" id="2846">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">存君臣之義，比方父也。</span> <span>事師無犯無隱，左右就養無方，服勤至死，心喪三年。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2851" id="2847">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">師喪本無服，戒容在心。</span> <span>又曰：『兄弟，哭諸廟。父之友，哭諸廟門之外。師，哭諸寢。朋友，哭諸寢門之外。所知，哭諸野。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2852" id="2848">〔四〕</a>於<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>，則異乎禮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">與儒禮不同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2845" id="2849">〔一〕</a>服勤：謂服持職事勤勞。<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「言服勤者，謂服持勤苦勞辱之事。」　致喪：謂極盡哀戚之情爲父母守喪。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「致，謂戚容稱其服也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「致之言至也，謂哀情至極而居喪禮。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2846" id="2850">〔二〕</a>方喪：謂用事父之喪禮以事君喪。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「方喪，資於事父。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「方謂比方也。有比方父喪禮以喪君，故云資於事父。資，取也，取事父之喪禮以喪君。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2847" id="2851">〔三〕</a>心喪：謂老師去世，弟子守喪，身無喪服而心存哀悼。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「心喪，戚容如父而無服也。」文見<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「事親有隱而無犯，左右就養無方，服勤至死，致喪三年。事君有犯而無隱，左右就養<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00465','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P465</span></i>有方，服勤至死，方喪三年。事師無犯無隱，左右就養無方，服勤至死，心喪三年。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2848" id="2852">〔四〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伯高</span>死於<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，赴於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾惡乎哭諸？兄弟，吾哭諸廟。父之友，吾哭諸廟門之外。師，吾哭諸寢。朋友，吾哭諸寢門之外。所知，吾哭諸野。於野則已疏，於寢則已重。夫由<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>也見我，吾哭諸<span class="zhuanming">賜氏</span>。』遂命<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>爲之主，曰：『爲爾哭也來者，拜之。知<span class="zhuanming">伯高</span>而來者，勿拜也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>「夫師者，德藝之本也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【德藝】德有成形，藝可遊履，皆發明於師，故曰本也。</span> <span>匪德何立？匪師何教？雖上自王公，達于商﹑耰，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">耰，農人。<span class="zhuanming">長沮</span><span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>見<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>，耰而不輟是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2859" id="2853">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【商】行賣也，通財曰商。【耰】音憂，覆種也。【長沮桀溺】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>時隱也。</span> <span>皆嚴師，而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>加乎戒之所由生也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">仕農工商之子，尚立其師，況<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>削染傳戒者乎？</span> <span>故有戒則名沙門，無戒則非沙門。從戒而生，乃曰真生。戒自師授，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒者曰毗尼藏，防非止惡。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云毗柰耶，同也。</span> <span>故視師猶父也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">師本無服，今同於父。</span> <span>外國云『和尚』，此曰『力生』，言有力能生弟子戒法也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2860" id="2854">〔二〕</a>；外國云『阿闍梨』，此云『軌範』，言能教其軌範義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2861" id="2855">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【軌範】軌，法也；範，法式也。</span> <span>斯類有五焉，謂剃髮﹑十戒﹑依止﹑羯磨﹑教授。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">羯磨，謂受戒時作白也。</span> <span>其閒或以落簪佩禁自我而始也，或以法身慧學自我而成也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2862" id="2856">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【簪佩】簪，首笄也。簪帶環佩也。謂得花鬘瓔珞，香油塗身也。</span> <span>然世以君﹑父﹑師其恩一貫，父生之，師教之，君食之，故有致﹑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00466','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P466</span></i>方﹑心喪三焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父致喪，君方喪，師心喪，三也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貫】事也，行也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>以戒法故，隆之矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒爲入道之本，師爲出世之因。</span> <span>非但哭于寢也，執乎心喪也，當麻葛菲屨，方父斬也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">喪師之服，同父斬縗之孝，二十五月也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麻葛】麻爲腰帶，葛布爲帽。【菲屨】上音非，芳菲也；又敷尾切，薄也，菜也；又，音菜，可食也。三皆難用，宜扉字，音費，草屨也。</span> <span>但不必杖而後起，哭若不返，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂一盡聲也。</span> <span>唯而不對，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆喪父之禮，於喪師則不必然。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【唯】諾也。</span> <span>於餘則如禮焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此外並與喪父禮同。</span> <span>今委巷之子，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">委，曲也。鄉巷卑族之子也。</span> <span>號穹蒼，訴酷罰<a class="zhuhao" href="#2863" id="2857">〔五〕</a>，蓋不忌知父之嫌。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今僧有喪，師號哭云「蒼天」等，皆非禮。於父有嫌疑，宜去之可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【穹蒼】上去弓切，高也；下七剛切，蒼天也。倉非。【訴酷罰】上音素，訟也，告也；中苦沃切，虐也；下音伐，罪也，陷也。</span> <span>塗車﹑芻靈，神明之器，既不以鬼道期師，斯奚用焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2864" id="2858">〔六〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盟器之屬皆無益。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【塗車】遣車。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2853" id="2859">〔一〕</a>事見<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">微子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">長沮</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>耦而耕。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>過之，使<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問津焉。<span class="zhuanming">長沮</span>曰：『夫執輿者爲誰？』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『爲<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>。』曰：『是<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>與？』曰：『是也。』曰：『是知津矣！』問於<span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">桀溺</span>曰：『子爲誰？』曰：『爲<span class="zhuanming">仲由</span>。』曰：『是<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>之徒與？』對曰：『然。』曰：『滔滔者天下皆是也，而誰以易之？且而與其從辟人之士也，豈若從辟世之士哉？』耰而不輟。<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>行以告，夫子憮然曰：『鳥獸不可與同群，吾非斯人之徒與而誰與？天下有道，<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>不與易也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2854" id="2860">〔二〕</a>和尚：意譯力生﹑依學﹑親教師等，是對佛教師長的尊稱，後成爲一般僧徒之通稱。舆「尼姑」相對，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00467','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P467</span></i>則專指男僧了。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2855" id="2861">〔三〕</a>阿闍梨：亦譯阿遮利耶等，意譯導師﹑󰞻範師等。佛教稱教授弟子﹑堪爲楷模者爲「阿闍梨」。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷二「阿遮利耶」，原注：「譯爲󰞻範師，是能教弟子法式之義。先云阿闍梨，訛也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2856" id="2862">〔四〕</a>落簪：猶落髮。剃髮出家。<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">沙門不敬王者論</span>：「若斯人者，自誓始於落簪，立志形乎變服。」　法身：謂證得清浄自性，成就一切功德之身。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2857" id="2863">〔五〕</a>委巷：謂僻陋曲折的小巷，借指民間。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「小功不爲位也者，是委巷之禮也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「委巷，猶街里，委曲所爲也。」　穹蒼：蒼天。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">桑柔</span>：「靡有旅力，以念穹蒼。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「穹蒼，蒼天。<span class="shuming">釋天</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">李巡</span>曰『古時人質仰視天形，穹隆而高，色蒼蒼然，故曰穹蒼』是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2858" id="2864">〔六〕</a>塗車：泥車。古代送葬用的明器。　芻靈：用茅草紮成的人馬，爲古人送葬之物。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「塗車﹑芻靈，自古有之，明器之道也。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「芻靈，束茅爲人馬，謂之靈者，神之類。」　鬼道：鬼道邪説。<span class="shuming">逸周書</span><span class="shuming">史記</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">玄都</span>賢鬼道，廢人事天，謀臣不用，龜策是從，神巫用國，哲士在外，<span class="zhuanming">玄都</span>以亡。」</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">道登</span>卒，<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span><span class="zhuanming">孝文</span>詔曰：『朕師<span class="zhuanming">登法師</span>奄至殂背，痛怛摧動，不能已已。比治慎喪，未容即赴。』便準師義，哭諸門外<a class="zhuhao" href="#2870" id="2865">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">禮</span>：「師喪，哭寢門外。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殂背】上音徂，死也；下音佩，棄也。【怛】丁割切，悲慘也。【比治】上音鼻，近也。【慎】謹也，誡也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>殁，帝哀慟罷朝，<span class="zhuanming">滕王</span>已下，被髮徒跣，從喪行哭<a class="zhuhao" href="#2871" id="2866">〔二〕</a>。後世莫能輕重之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2872" id="2867">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慟】哀過曰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00468','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P468</span></i>慟。【徒跣】徒，步。下音鮮，行也赤足也。【喪】隨行。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">柱史</span>抗絶，軌於<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>，或尸解於<span class="zhuanming">槐里</span>，其徒無所聞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2873" id="2868">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">老子</span>見<span class="zhuanming">周</span>德陵遲，乃乘青牛出<span class="zhuanming">函谷關</span>，西往<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>。又<span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>卒於<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">槐里</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦佚</span>弔之，三號而出。」自是其徒喪服之制，未聞其説也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【柱史】<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>掌柱下史，滅於<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>。【尸解】下音假，言非實死也。【槐里】上音回，<span class="zhuanming">鳳翔</span><span class="zhuanming">始平縣</span>有<span class="zhuanming">槐里</span>古城，<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>墓尚在，道家不認。【陵遲】墜而不興也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魯</span>司寇卒，門人疑所服。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『昔夫子喪<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>，若喪子而無服，請喪夫子若喪父而無服。』二三子皆絰而出也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2874" id="2869">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不爲哀弔，服而加麻，心喪三年。<span class="shuming">檀弓</span>文也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魯司寇】<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>嘗爲<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>司寇。【不哀弔】宜爲字，惟﹑唯字。</span> <span>殆至<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，喪師彌篤，有以至於方父之喪者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2865" id="2870">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">道登</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">芮</span>，<span class="zhuanming">東莞</span>（<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">沂水</span>）人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六有傳。　痛怛：哀痛悲傷。<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷二三<span class="shuming">褚淵傳</span>：「司徒奄至薨逝，痛怛慟懷。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2866" id="2871">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳：「<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">開皇</span>八年八月十三日終於所住，春秋七十有三……帝聞之哀慟，敕王公已下，並往臨吊。並罷朝三日，贈物五百段，設千僧齋。」　徒跣：赤足。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">問喪</span>：「親始死，雞斯徒跣。」　行哭：放聲哭。<span class="zhuanming">賈誼</span><span class="shuming">新書</span>卷六<span class="shuming">春秋</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄒穆公</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">鄒</span>之百姓若失慈父，行哭三月。」又，且行且哭。<span class="shuming">吴越春秋</span><span class="shuming">闔閭内傳</span>：「有頃，一老嫗行哭而來。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2867" id="2872">〔三〕</a>輕重：褒貶。<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷二七<span class="shuming">定賢</span>：「利害之賢，或不好士，不能爲輕重，則衆不歸而士不附也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2868" id="2873">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">柱史</span>：「柱下史」的省稱。代指<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五九<span class="shuming">張衡傳</span>：「庶前訓之可鑽，聊朝隱乎<span class="zhuanming">柱史</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">李<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00469','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P469</span></i>賢</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">周</span>柱下史，朝隱終身無患。」　尸解：謂道徒遺其形骸而仙去。<span class="zhuanming">劉向</span><span class="shuming">列仙傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>西遊，<span class="zhuanming">關</span>令<span class="zhuanming">尹喜</span>望見有紫氣浮<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>果乘青牛而過也。」又<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">養生主</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">秦失</span>弔之，三號而出。弟子曰：『非夫子之友邪？』曰：『然。』『然則弔焉若此，可乎？』曰：『然。始也吾以爲其人也，而今非也。向吾入而弔焉，有老者哭之，如哭其子；少者哭之，如哭其母。彼其所以會之，必有不蘄言而言，不蘄哭而哭者。是遁天倍情，忘其所受，古者謂之遁天之刑。適來，夫子時也；適去，夫子順也。安時而處順，哀樂不能入也，古者謂是帝之縣解。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2869" id="2874">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">魯司寇</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曾爲<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>司寇。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>之喪，門人疑所服。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『昔者夫子之喪<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>，若喪子而無服，喪<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>亦然。請喪夫子，若喪父而無服。』」</span> </p><p> <span>今之禮薄，寡有絻焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">絻，喪服也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【絻】問﹑免二音，喪服也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>制喪七日，以凡情難割，俾展哀也。過則束於禮矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2886" id="2875">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧本象外之教，以凡情未遣，乃制七日之禮，以展情也。若過，則拘束儒教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遠公制喪】遺囑弟子等制喪七日等。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span>隱士<span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>卒，弟子雖禀内教，若喪父無服<a class="zhuhao" href="#2887" id="2876">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>居<span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>，後拂衣不仕，辟穀，麻衣，草室，屏絶世典，精研佛理，述頓悟義，當時莫有能屈者。注<span class="shuming">法華經</span>，講<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大品</span>等經。<span class="zhuanming">建武</span>初，徵爲國子博士。卒于<span class="zhuanming">江州</span>，白雲徘徊，有異香滿室，空中磬聲，年六十，弟子等如喪父而無服。<span class="zhuanming">庾詵</span>云：「文爲世范，行爲士則。」因謚<span class="zhuanming">文範先生</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虬】渠幽切，無角龍也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>誡無哭泣﹑著喪服。彼各隨時之義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2888" id="2877">〔三〕</a>。夫<span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>羔雁不顧<a class="zhuhao" href="#2889" id="2878">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">卿執羔，大夫執雁。<span class="zhuanming">虬</span>初爲<span class="zhuanming">當陽</span>令，改爲<span class="zhuanming">南城</span>，拂衣自免，年四十二。時論比之<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">踈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">邴</span>，辭榮不顧禄位也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00470','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P470</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隋天台】<span class="zhuanming">智者大師</span>。【羔雁】上音高，羊子也；下五晏切。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：孟春之月，鴻雁來儀。<span class="shuming">白虎通</span>云：鷙用雁者，取其隨時。【踈邴】<span class="zhuanming">踈</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">踈廣</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>時爲太子太傅，自免皈老。<span class="zhuanming">邴</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">邴吉</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>爲京兆尹，<span class="zhuanming">王莽</span>肅政，告老而去。</span> <span>形質已遺。居今之死，非曰始死。若使爲喪，猶矯乎羔雁，故損仁義，以示簡朴有終焉，而弟子從乎<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>門之議也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矯】詐也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>五十餘州咸禀歸戒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2890" id="2879">〔五〕</a>，若循乎縞素，則半國之人皆喪服矣，故可抑而從<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>之風也。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：『喪，與其易也，寧戚。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2891" id="2880">〔六〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">喪禮宜得中。若和易，則寧可哀戚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】音旬，次序也。【縞】音杲，素也。【寧】願也。【戚也】九字悮。</span> <span>斯則振時之意厚矣。今<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>之風，喪則喪矣，十師而亡，哀降殺何哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2892" id="2881">〔七〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">親教師可同斬縗，本頭戒師可大功，教授師可小功，羯磨師已下剃髮師﹑十戒師﹑八戒師﹑五戒師﹑依止師﹑授法師，並緦麻可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【振】救也，整也。【喪則喪矣】上平聲，亡也；次則矣；下去聲，亡也，不遵行也。【教授】投悮。【依止】衣悮。【授法】受去皆悮。</span> <span>匪喪則已，喪則其無别乎？故戒師可乎大功也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">九月服。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【匪】無也。已，止也。有喪别也，其或尊此一科，密責<span class="zhuanming">齊州</span>三藏。</span> <span>教授小功也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五月也。</span> <span>餘則緦麻可矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2893" id="2882">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三月。</span> <span>朋友者，<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：『群居，入則絰，出則否。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2894" id="2883">〔九〕</a>『朋友皆在他邦』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2895" id="2884">〔一○〕</a>，則但師，心喪三年；朋友，期。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【朞】音基，周年曰基。</span> <span>故朋友墓有宿草，則不哭焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2896" id="2885">〔一一〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2875" id="2886">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「門徒號慟，若喪考妣。道俗奔赴，轂繼肩隨。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>以凡夫之情難割，乃制七日<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00471','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P471</span></i>展哀，遺命使露骸松下。既而弟子收葬。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2876" id="2887">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">劉虬</span>（公元四三八—四九五年）：<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">荆州</span>隱士。早年爲國子博士，歷官<span class="zhuanming">富陽</span>縣令﹑<span class="zhuanming">南郡</span>丞。精研佛法，辟穀卻粒，一朝成道，宣揚「入空必頓」的觀點，撰有<span class="shuming">注法華經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">注無量義經</span>，教判佛教「頓漸二教五時七階」之説。謚<span class="zhuanming">文範先生</span>。<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷五四﹑<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷五○有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2877" id="2888">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>：指「<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗」實際創始人﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span>之際高僧<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span>（公元五三八—五九七年），世稱<span class="zhuanming">智者大師</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天台大師</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">智顗傳</span>：「又敕維那：『人命將終，聞鐘磬聲，增其正念。唯長唯久，氣盡爲期。云何身冷，方復響磬。世間哭泣著服，皆不應作，且各默然，吾將去矣。』」<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷二四：「及期日，誡諸門人：『吾滅後，不得以喪服哭泣，有亂規矩。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2878" id="2889">〔四〕</a>羔雁：小羊和雁，古代用爲卿﹑大夫的贄禮。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">大宗伯</span>：「卿執羔，大夫執雁。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「羔，小羊，取其群而不失其類。雁，取其候時而行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2879" id="2890">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">天台</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">釋智顗</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">釋智顗傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顗</span>東西垂範，化通萬里。……五十餘州，道俗受菩薩戒者，不可稱紀。傳業學士三十二人，習禪學士散流<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，莫限其數。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2880" id="2891">〔六〕</a>縞素：白色喪服。　<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">林放</span>問禮之本。子曰：『大哉問！禮，與其奢也，寧儉；喪，與其易也，寧戚。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2881" id="2892">〔七〕</a>降殺：遞減。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十六年</span>：「自上以下，降殺以兩，禮也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2882" id="2893">〔八〕</a>大功：喪服五服的第三等，服期九月。孝服用熟麻布做成，較齊衰稍細，較小功爲粗。　小功：五服之第四等。服期五月，孝服以熟麻布製成，較大功爲細，較緦麻爲粗。　緦麻：五服中之最<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00472','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P472</span></i>輕者，服期三月，孝服用細麻布製成。<span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">喪服</span>：「緦麻三月者。」<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公三年</span>「改葬之禮緦」<span class="zhuanming">楊士勳</span>疏：「五服者，案喪服有斬衰﹑齊衰﹑大功﹑小功﹑緦麻是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2883" id="2894">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>之喪，二三子皆絰而出。群居則絰，出則否。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2884" id="2895">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">儀禮</span><span class="shuming">喪服</span>：「朋友皆在他邦，袒免。歸則已。朋友，麻。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2885" id="2896">〔一一〕</a>宿草：隔年的草。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「朋友之墓，有宿草而不哭焉。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「宿草謂陳根也。爲師心喪三年，於朋友期可也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「宿草，陳根也，草經一年則根陳也，朋友相爲哭一期，草根陳乃不哭也。」</span> </p><p> <span>「在異域，無喪制。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">凡云異域﹑外國，皆<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>也。</span> <span>不封不樹，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">封，塚土也。</span> <span>棄之中野<a class="zhuhao" href="#2900" id="2897">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">施鳥獸於寒林。</span> <span>或崇藴燃之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">焚之以薪。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崇藴】請高積其薪而焚之。</span> <span>或淵流沈之，所窆者少<a class="zhuhao" href="#2901" id="2898">〔二〕</a>，喪期無數，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">窆，埋之也。或棄或焚或沈，亦無五服期限之事。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【窆】方󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#2902" id="2899">〔三〕</a>切，以手下棺曰窆。【埋之】理悮。</span> <span>若中華之前古。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">同上古之時也。</span> <span>其有欲遵此而罷哭泣﹑去喪制﹑爲不違律者，吾無與乎爾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身居東土，而欲禮遵西國，不可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遵】行也，習也。【罷】音皮，止也，體也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2897" id="2900">〔一〕</a>中野：原野之中。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「葬之中野，不封不樹。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2898" id="2901">〔二〕</a>窆：埋葬。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷七下：「窆，葬下棺也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2899" id="2902">〔三〕</a>闕文底本漫漶不清。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00473','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P473</span></i><p> <span>「夫揣食嗚足，袒肩跣趾，圍繞却退，皆殊俗之風也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">南海寄歸傳</span>云：「西國以手揣飯而食。禮拜嗚足，以舌舐之也。袒肩，露右膊也。跣趾，赤脚也。圍繞退坐。」此皆西土之風。今皆不行喪禮，如何便欲遵之？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揣】以手取食也。【嗚足】以舌舐足也。【南海寄歸傳】<span class="zhuanming">義浄三藏</span>從西回至<span class="zhuanming">師子州</span>，權住於彼，先寫<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>風俗﹑禮法﹑服食等事爲四十篇，寄來<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，故曰<span class="shuming">南海寄歸傳</span>。</span> <span>中國則不爲。何臨喪則欲承之歟？夫哀哭喪服，且非性戒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">但是遮戒制約。</span> <span>雖五篇則禁，而律有隨方之義<a class="zhuhao" href="#2911" id="2903">〔一〕</a>。孰謂居喪，必違聖意焉？昔<span class="zhuanming">雙林</span>摽擗<a class="zhuhao" href="#2912" id="2904">〔二〕</a>，佛剖棺而興，慰而不責，蓋憫其號慕，篤其哀敬。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛<span class="zhuanming">俱尸</span>入滅，弟子號擗。佛母<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>自<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>來，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>從金棺起，與母相見。而不責弟子等悲號，蓋欲厚其哀慕之心也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2913" id="2905">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【摽】音飃。<span class="shuming">字統</span>云：繫也；又音鰾，拊心也。【號慕】嬰號孺慕。【摩耶自天來】佛臨涅槃，母子相見，經中自説之。</span> <span>夫敬則行其志，慕則思其教。教立而志宣，於摽擗之理，實爲有得。涅槃爲究竟之教<a class="zhuhao" href="#2914" id="2906">〔四〕</a>，於何不然？若以去親擯俗，習無生之法，當忘情絶愛，固不宜者，則何太早？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殊未行行，便欲忘情，一何謬也！<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【擯】斥也。【行行】上平下去。【殊】絶也，全也。【擯俗】浴悮。</span> <span>計『見卵<a class="zhuhao" href="#2915" id="2907">〔五〕</a>而求時夜，見彈而求鴞䏑』歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#2916" id="2908">〔六〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時夜，雞也。有司辰之功。今見卵便欲求雞，理非也。鴞，如鳩，緑色，肉爲䏑最美，須以彈方獲。今見彈便索鴞䏑，非也。忘情於境，方契於道。今情既未忘，如何便欲擯俗也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【彈】丸也。【鴞䏑】上于嬌切，鴟鴞也；下音隻，又音拓，<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：炮肉也。以肉在火上。文見<span class="shuming">莊子</span>説。</span> <span>夫始行之徒，未階<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00474','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P474</span></i>聖位，志業沉麽，蓋區中一細人耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#2917" id="2909">〔七〕</a>，遽則能割愛乎？夫不愛於其親，則移愛於他人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不愛其親而愛他人，謂之悖德。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沉麽】上下也，下細小也。【細】小也。【遽】急也。</span> <span>而於權勢潤屋之門，蘧蘧然</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蘧蘧，草草皃。</span> <span>有所親附也。其忘情者，但忘於名教禮義，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今見吾門有擯名教，謂之聲聞，取著全便忘棄。則又見貴門財物，動容汲汲者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【潤屋】德潤身，財潤屋。如金玉滿堂，但名潤屋。【蘧】音句，怱急也。【汲汲】賢者不汲汲於富貴，小人反是。</span> <span>而忿欲﹑勝負﹑衣服﹑飲食，逐逐焉何所忘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2918" id="2910">〔八〕</a>。既情不盡忘，愛不盡絶，豈於喪禮而欲去耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逐逐】追尋也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2903" id="2911">〔一〕</a>五篇：佛教分犯戒爲五等：波羅夷﹑僧殘﹑波逸提﹑提舍尼﹑突吉羅。參見<span class="shuming">宗師議</span>篇注。　隨方：依據情勢。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷七七<span class="shuming">恩幸傳論</span>：「若夫竭忠盡節，仕子恒圖，隨方致用，明君盛典，舊非本舊，因新以成舊者也。」律有隨方之義，謂隨方毗尼，即戒律中<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>未禁止之事﹑不經開（開許）廢（禁止）之新事例，可據當地風土﹑氣候等而斟酌開許廢止。<span class="shuming">五分律</span>卷二二：「雖是我所制，而於餘方不以爲清浄者，皆不應用；雖非我所制，而於餘方必應行者，皆不得不行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2904" id="2912">〔二〕</a>摽擗：捶胸。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2905" id="2913">〔三〕</a>見<span class="shuming">摩訶摩耶經</span>（一名<span class="shuming">佛昇忉利天爲母説法</span>）卷下：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>已入般涅槃後，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶摩耶</span>從天來下至金棺所。爾時<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，爲後不孝諸衆生故，從金棺出，如師子王奮迅之勢，身毛孔中，放千光明。一一光明，有千化佛。悉皆合掌，向<span class="zhuanming">摩訶摩耶</span>。并又説於，如上諸偈。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00475','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P475</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2906" id="2914">〔四〕</a>究竟：猶言至極，即佛典裏所指最高境界，終極真理。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷七二：「究竟者，所謂諸法實相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2907" id="2915">〔五〕</a>卵：原誤作「卯」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2908" id="2916">〔六〕</a>時夜：指雞。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「見卵而求時夜，見彈而求鴞炙。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>引<span class="zhuanming">崔譔</span>曰：「時夜，司夜。謂雞也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2909" id="2917">〔七〕</a>志業：志向與事業。　細人：小人。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「君子之愛人也以德，細人之愛人也以姑息。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2910" id="2918">〔八〕</a>逐逐：貪婪追逐貌。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">頤</span>：「虎視眈眈，其欲逐逐。」</span> </p><p> <span>「或曰：若使沙門隨方，爲喪亦得。隨方致敬王者歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既同俗禮，何方便同拜揖？</span> <span>曰：不然。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">泛答也。</span> <span>何則？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">却徵也。</span> <span>夫拜爲外飾，孝自内心，抑爲外飾，損髡袒<a class="zhuhao" href="#2921" id="2919">〔一〕</a>之儀；抑其内心，失愛敬之性。與其兩抑，不若兩縱。縱其不拜，成王臣之信奬；縱其爲喪，成人倫之孝悌。故依違異也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2922" id="2920">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抑】按也。【損】傷也。【髡】音坤，去髮也。【縱】子用切，放肆也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2919" id="2921">〔一〕</a>袒：原誤作「祖」。　外飾：謂粉飾外表，虚飾。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2920" id="2922">〔二〕</a>依違：依順。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷六四<span class="shuming">鄭鮮之傳</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">高祖</span>）及爲宰相，頗慕風流，時或言論，人皆依違之，不敢難也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00476','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P476</span></i><p> <span>「詳夫外國，哀亦甚矣。故<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>喪母，惶惶戚戚<a class="zhuhao" href="#2932" id="2923">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>喪母，身灰塵坌等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惶戚】憂懼也。【身灰塵坌】藏有<span class="shuming">波斯匿王喪母塵坌身經</span>一卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>示滅，而四衆血現，如波羅奢花<a class="zhuhao" href="#2933" id="2924">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>灰身，<span class="zhuanming">無色界天</span>淚下，如春細雨<a class="zhuhao" href="#2934" id="2925">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>化定果色而下慰問也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【舍利弗灰身】事見<span class="shuming">增一阿含</span>第十八卷。</span> <span>豈不由生我德我，其情篤切，匪刑匪勸，志發于衷？故有昊天﹑蓼莪之痛<a class="zhuhao" href="#2935" id="2926">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哀哀父母，生我劬勞，欲報深恩，昊天罔極。蓼，長大也。莪，蘿蒿也。<span class="zhuanming">周幽王</span>時，人民久役，不得養父母，如見義不識也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衷】音忠，中也。【蓼莪】上音六，長大皃；下音俄，草名，斜蒿也。</span> <span>升堂負序之哀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">序，東西牆也。孝子升堂而背負序。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【負序】上背也，下庠序也。</span> <span>不期哭而聲自號，不盰衡而皃自苦<a class="zhuhao" href="#2936" id="2927">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【盰衡】上況于切，逢目也；下户庚切，横也。</span> <span>安能以飾高而强抑，恥俗而求變耶？昔<span class="zhuanming">齊州三藏</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2937" id="2928">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>還，每事演遐舉之功，遥情賞金方之訓。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【齊州】<span class="zhuanming">濟南郡</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>時<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>爲郡，<span class="zhuanming">後魏</span>置州，因<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>地爲名也。【金方】西方。</span> <span>以爲披黲布而乖常式，留長髮而異舊儀。斯亦重結塵勞，更嬰桎梏<a class="zhuhao" href="#2938" id="2929">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">襪黲﹑長長髮，未必合道者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【長長髮】上上，中平，謂今僧居喪，頭髮不剃也。</span> <span>又云：去<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>父之聖教，重<span class="zhuanming">周孔</span>之俗禮，特以<span class="zhuanming">靈裕</span>爲知道者也。竊以天下沙門皆非<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>也，爲<span class="zhuanming">裕</span>則<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>之步不成<a class="zhuhao" href="#2939" id="2930">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙郡</span>，美女能行。</span> <span>得無真俗兼喪焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2940" id="2931">〔九〕</a>？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2923" id="2932">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>：亦譯<span class="zhuanming">月光王</span>等，<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>國王，兼領有<span class="zhuanming">迦尸國</span>。與<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>同日出生，曾和<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>辯論<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00477','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P477</span></i>而結成好友，視<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>如師，與<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>同是護持佛教的兩大國王。<span class="shuming">佛説波斯匿王太后崩塵土坌身經</span>（一名<span class="shuming">波斯匿王喪母經</span>）：「時<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>供殯送母，日正中還。塵土坌身，步往詣園，至<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>所，頭面禮足，在一面坐。時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>問王言：『今王何故塵土坌身，步來至我所？』時<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>便涕泣不能自勝，揮淚白<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>言：『太后崩，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。太后無常，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>。年在期頤，無少壯力。積修善法，甚戀痛念。夙夜孝養，未曾違志。命可贖者，世殞身壽。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2924" id="2933">〔二〕</a>見<span class="zhuanming">曇無讖</span>譯<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">壽命品</span>：「時有無量諸大弟子，尊者<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延</span>﹑尊者<span class="zhuanming">薄俱羅</span>﹑尊者<span class="zhuanming">優波難陀</span>，如是等諸大比丘……舉身毛豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」又：「爾時復有<span class="zhuanming">拘陀羅</span>女，<span class="zhuanming">善賢比丘尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">優波難陀比丘尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">海意比丘尼</span>，與六十億比丘尼等……亦於晨朝日初出時，舉身毛豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」又：「爾時復有一<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>沙菩薩摩訶薩……舉身毛豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」又：「爾時復有二<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>沙諸優婆塞……作是念已，身毛皆豎，遍體血現，如波羅奢花。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2925" id="2934">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">增壹阿含經</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">四意斷品</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>已取滅度，諸天皆在空中悲號啼哭，不能自勝。虚空之中，<span class="zhuanming">欲天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">色天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色天</span>，悉共墮淚，亦如春月，細雨和暢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2926" id="2935">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">巧言</span>：「悠悠昊天，曰父母且。」<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">蓼莪</span>：「欲報之德，昊天罔極。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2927" id="2936">〔五〕</a>盰：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷四：「盰，目多白也。」　衡：眉上。<span class="shuming">漢書</span>卷九九上<span class="shuming">王莽傳</span>：「盱衡厲色，振揚武怒。」<span class="zhuanming">孟康</span>曰：「眉上曰衡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2928" id="2937">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>（公元六三五—七一三年）：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">張</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">文明</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">齊州</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">山東</span><span class="zhuanming">濟南</span>）<span class="zhuanming">山莊</span>人。<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00478','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P478</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2929" id="2938">〔七〕</a>塵勞：謂世俗事務的煩惱。<span class="shuming">無量壽經</span>卷上：「散諸塵勞，壞諸欲塹。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2930" id="2939">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">秋水</span>：「且子獨不聞夫<span class="zhuanming">壽陵</span>餘子之學行於<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>與？未得國能，又失其故行矣，直匍匐而歸耳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2931" id="2940">〔九〕</a>得無：猶言豈不。</span> </p><p> <span>「古人曰：『聖達節，次守節，下失節。』<a class="zhuhao" href="#2948" id="2941">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">曹子臧</span>語也。</span> <span>夫非達非守，則非失。如何？是以居喪者，退居勵行，起於寒泉凱風之思<a class="zhuhao" href="#2949" id="2942">〔二〕</a>，修香火齊戒之福，幽顯普賴，奚則乖於道歟？今有瑣夫，居喪如無喪，衣食安安然，笑語晏晏然，何其勃也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2950" id="2943">〔三〕</a>！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">臨喪不哀，吾何以觀之哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#2951" id="2944">〔四〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凱風】上苦海切，和也，南風也。<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>篇名。大意哀悼追慼也。大意云寒泉在下而能潤澤於上萬物，母有之子，不能侍養，令母后嫁。母有凱風，能成熟於萬物，比母之恩，如何不思念也。或曰：因<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>言「律中有隨方之義」難。【賴】蒙也。【瑣】細小。【臨喪不哀】<span class="shuming">語</span>曰「居上不寬」等。</span> <span>有土之辟，亦可問之<a class="zhuhao" href="#2952" id="2945">〔五〕</a>，生成何罪焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【辟】音璧。皇﹑王﹑后﹑辟，君也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">草堂</span><span class="zhuanming">約</span>，二親將亡，並及臨訣，孺慕嬰號<a class="zhuhao" href="#2953" id="2946">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慕同孺子，號比嬰兒。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臨訣】决悮。【孺】稚也，尚乳子也。</span> <span>不交人世，其德彌遠，其望彌重。不食五穀，猶至於是。食美衣輕者，其則能加於<span class="zhuanming">約</span>乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【食美衣輕】上音嗣也。衣，於既切，箸也。事在<span class="shuming">論語</span>引<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>問「三年之喪」等至「<span class="zhuanming">予</span>也有三年恩愛」者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2954" id="2947">〔七〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2941" id="2948">〔一〕</a>出<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十五年</span>：「諸侯將見<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>於王而立之，<span class="zhuanming">子臧</span>辭曰：前志有之曰：『聖達節，次守節，下失<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00479','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P479</span></i>節。』」「聖達節」，<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>曰：「聖人應天命，不拘常禮也。」「次守節」，<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>曰：「謂賢者也。」「下失節」，<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>曰：「愚者妄動。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2942" id="2949">〔二〕</a>勵行：砥礪德行。　寒泉凱風之思：指子女對母親的思念之情。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">凱風</span>：「凱風自南，吹彼棘心。棘心夭夭，母氏劬勞。凱風自南，吹彼棘薪。母氏聖善，我無令人。爰有<span class="zhuanming">寒泉</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">浚</span>之下。有子七人，母氏勞苦。睍睆黄鳥，載好其音。有子七人，莫慰母心。」<span class="shuming">詩序</span>謂「美七子能盡其孝道，以慰其母心」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2943" id="2950">〔三〕</a>瑣：形容人品卑劣。　安安：謂安於環境或習慣。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「安安而能遷。」<span class="zhuanming">孫希旦</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「安安，謂心安於所安，凡身之所習，事之所便者，皆是也。」　晏晏：和悦貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">衛風</span><span class="shuming">氓</span>：「總角之宴，言笑晏晏。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「晏晏，和柔也。」　勃：通「悖」，乖戾。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2944" id="2951">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「子曰：『居上不寬，爲禮不敬，臨喪不哀，吾何以觀之哉？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2945" id="2952">〔五〕</a>有土：有土地，有封地。　辟：君主。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2946" id="2953">〔六〕</a>臨訣：猶臨終。　孺慕：謂對父母的哀悼﹑悼念。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>與<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>立，見孺子慕者，<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>曰：『予壹不知夫喪之踴也，予欲去之久矣，情在於斯，其是也夫。』」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「喪之踴，猶孺子之號慕。」　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧約傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧約</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">德素</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">婁</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東陽</span><span class="zhuanming">烏場</span>人也……而二親喪亡，並及臨訣，孺慕嬰號，不交人世。積時停鄉，以開慈道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2947" id="2954">〔七〕</a>見<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>問：『三年之喪，期已久矣。君子三年不爲禮，禮必壞；三年不爲樂，樂必崩。舊穀既没，新穀既升，鑽燧改火，期可已矣。』子曰：『食夫稻，衣夫錦也，於女安乎？』曰：『安之。』<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00480','1865872',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P480</span></i>『女安，則爲之。夫君子之居喪，食旨不甘，聞樂不樂，居處不安，故不爲也。今女安，則爲之。』<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>出。子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">予</span>之不仁也！子生三年，然後免於父母之懷。夫三年之喪，天下之通喪也。<span class="zhuanming">予</span>也有三年之愛於其父母乎？』」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
譏異説第十
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133763" key="1133763"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第六 &gt; 譏異説第十 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133765" key="1133765"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00480','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P480</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000024">譏異説第十<span class="font12 zhu">譴責所非曰譏，舉事乖正曰異。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【譏】誹也。譴，問也，誚也。【譴】去戰切，責問也，怒讓也。</span></p><p> <span>建德之賢，蔽志若偷；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">建，立也。蔽，藏也。立德之士，所藴含弘，長掩之而如不足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【建德等】建，立也，樹也。蔽，掩也。偷，盜也，苟且也。此意出<span class="shuming">老子</span>，猶若畏四鄰也。</span> <span>作僞之家，哿言如流。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">哿，可也。作僞之士，所舉便佞，故巧言流美也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【哿】公可切，嘉也，可也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>文。【便佞】上婢仙切。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：便，佞辯也，<span class="shuming">書傳</span>云「便，足敬也」；下音甯，諂，口才，口佞也。</span> <span>執虚爲有，飾邪撓正。舉其所同，訾其所不同。憑陵紛紜<a class="zhuhao" href="#2966" id="2955">〔一〕</a>，如日之升，爲雲之翳，如水之澄，爲風作濤，難乎其極也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">巧説亂正也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【撓】奴巧切，亂也。【憑】侵也，侮也。【陵】犯也，勇也。【紛紜】衆也，亂也。【如日之昇】言日出也，<span class="shuming">天保</span>文。【翳】於計切，隱也，障也。</span> <span>經云：「昔有二弟子，各護師之一足，各非所不護者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">賢愚經</span>説：昔有令二弟子各護一足。護左者不在，被護右者擊之。護右者不在，被護左者擊之。師足不逾月，二俱爛矣。喻今大小乘各相非也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】注<span class="shuming">賢愚經</span>，今見<span class="shuming">百<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00481','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P481</span></i>緣經</span>也。</span> <span>忿則相擊之。其忿不已，其足亡矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2967" id="2956">〔二〕</a>今異説之夫，各忮貨譽，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">忮，妒害也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忮】音寘，害心也，很也。【貨譽】賣美名也。</span> <span>於聖師則無所顧矣，哀哉焉！嘗試論之曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嘗試】上曾也，下用也。論者謙辭，爲起論曰。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>肇論，用義尤多。</span> <span>夫貌異於心，性成乎習。下俚巴歌，和者必衆；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人<span class="shuming">巴歌</span>，俚人和者衆。作<span class="shuming">白雪</span>之篇，和者寡矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#2968" id="2957">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俚】音里，南人<span class="zhuanming">蠻</span>屬。【巴歌】<span class="zhuanming">巴</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>也。<span class="shuming">三巴記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">閬泉</span>東南流，曲折三回，似巴字故，故地名<span class="zhuanming">巴</span>。彼俗之歌，謂之<span class="zhuanming">巴</span>歌。【和】去呼，相應和也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">燕</span>石魚目，鑒者必寡<a class="zhuhao" href="#2969" id="2958">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">燕</span>石似玉，魚目類珠。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魚目】<span class="shuming">列子</span>﹑<span class="shuming">拾遺</span>明此事。</span> <span>故使逐塊之流，邪妄同群，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">朋其邪説，如狗逐凷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凷】音塊，由悮。</span> <span>各保其主，吠<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">桀</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2970" id="2959">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【各保其主】各守自宗，非他所習。【吠堯爲桀】上扶廢切，鳴也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：無使尥（平交切）也吠<a class="zhuhao" href="#2971" id="2960">〔六〕</a>。爲，去聲，與也，助也。<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>雖無德，犬護<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>故，見<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>亦吠。事出<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">蒯通傳</span>。</span> <span>今以言不及義，則爲異説；折之有當<a class="zhuhao" href="#2972" id="2961">〔七〕</a>，是曰譏者。伐本塞淵，或冀乎得，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今之所陳，冀在伐其本，塞其原者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【當】中理曰當。【伐本】斬木曰伐；本，根本也。斬根則欲除枝葉也。【塞】塞窒也，杜也。淵，源也。杜源無下流。</span> <span>但爝火光微，資<span class="zhuanming">燭龍</span>以輔照；蒲牢響邇，仰雷霆而佐<span class="zhuanming">震</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#2973" id="2962">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爝火，螢火也。蒲牢，海獸也。鯨魚擊之，則聲震川谷。今於鐘上鑄之，以魚形杵擊之，取其聲也。今<span class="zhuanming">北山和尚</span>謙云：雖欲伐本塞源，止其邪説，所恨己才智同於爝火等微，爰仗群賢聲援以助之，用光像運矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爝】音雀，小火也。【燭龍】北方有無日之處，有龍啣燭而照之也。【蒲牢】海獸。</span> <span>斯實鄙抱之所<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00482','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P482</span></i>蓄也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2974" id="2963">〔九〕</a>。嘗有戚施喔咿者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戚施，面柔也。喔吚，强顔也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2975" id="2964">〔一○〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戚施】面柔皃也。【喔吚】上音握，下音伊。强言笑皃。</span> <span>私余曰：彼黨斯盛，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂異説之徒。</span> <span>將不得於君奈何？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">恐爲時所忌，民之多僻，無自立辟，佞人多黨矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【辟】法也。</span> <span>余曰：獸顧濡尾，則不濟也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">狐將渡河，若懼濕尾則不濟<a class="zhuhao" href="#2976" id="2965">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濡尾】上音儒，沾潤也。<span class="shuming">未濟</span>卦辭。</span> <span>得義而傷，亦何忌耶？夫漁父剸蛟，獵夫搏虎，皆其志也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">懼則不爲也。所謂論至德者，不和於俗。成人功者，不謀於衆矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漁父剸蛟】上音魚，捕水曰漁；次音甫，男子美稱也；次旨兖切，細割也；下音交，龍無角曰蛟。【獵夫搏虎】上取獸也。手擊曰搏。<span class="zhuanming">文仲子</span>曰：獵夫搤虎。搤音厄，持也。意於此山獸之君曰虎。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2955" id="2966">〔一〕</a>訾：指責。　憑陵：横行，猖獗。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五八<span class="zhuanming">王儉</span><span class="shuming">褚淵碑文</span>：「嗣王荒怠於天位，彊臣憑陵於<span class="zhuanming">荆</span><span class="zhuanming">楚</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張銑</span>注：「憑陵，勇暴貌也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2956" id="2967">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">師患脚付二弟子喻</span>：「譬如一師有二弟子，其師患脚，遣二弟子，人當一脚，隨時按摩。其二弟子常相憎嫉，一弟子行，其一弟子捉其所當按摩之脚，以石打折。彼既來已，忿其如是，復捉其人所按之脚，尋復打折。佛法學徒亦復如是。方等學者非斥小乘，小乘學者復非方等，故使大聖法典二途兼亡。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2957" id="2968">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四五<span class="zhuanming">宋玉</span><span class="shuming">對楚王問</span>：「有歌于<span class="zhuanming">郢中</span>者，其始曰<span class="shuming">下里</span>﹑<span class="shuming">巴人</span>，國中屬而和者數千人。其爲<span class="shuming">陽阿</span>﹑<span class="shuming">薤露</span>，國中屬而和者數百人。其爲<span class="shuming">陽春</span>﹑<span class="shuming">白雪</span>，國中屬而和者，不過數十人。引商刻羽，雜以流徵，國中屬而和者，不過數人而已。是其曲彌高，其和彌寡。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00483','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P483</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2958" id="2969">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">燕</span>石：<span class="zhuanming">燕山</span>所産的一種類似玉的石頭，喻不足珍貴之物。<span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>卷六引<span class="shuming">闕子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之愚人得<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>石於<span class="zhuanming">梧臺</span>之東，歸西藏之，以爲寶，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>客聞而觀焉。主人端冕玄服以發寶，華匱十重，緹巾十襲。客見之，掩口而笑曰：『此特<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>石也，其與瓦甓不殊。』」　魚目：魚的眼珠子。<span class="zhuanming">魏伯陽</span><span class="shuming">參同契</span>卷上：「魚目豈爲珠？蓬蒿不成檟。」　按：<span class="shuming">文苑英華</span>卷七五八引<span class="zhuanming">謝偃</span><span class="shuming">愚夫哲婦論</span>：「昔有愚夫者，家本大賈，積資巨萬，既生豪門，長乃潤屋，所衣必極麗，食必窮珍。而禀性頑魯，不閑貨殖。既而父終兄喪，生計歸之，每有貨易，動多遺利。其妻敏而有識，常私歎曰：『若此子，家貧無日矣。』夫常市珠及玉，所費萬計，唯獲<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>石魚目而還。妻覩而誚之曰：『此非真也，何失鑒其若是乎？』於是愚夫乃作色虵鬚，攘袂瞋目，顧而呵其妻曰：『吾訪肆人，皆云美玉也。問諸闤吏，咸云美珠也。吾固先訪而後市，先問而後買。豈吾專擇而擅取哉？』其妻怒而復曰：『夫玉石異體，珠目殊狀，雖色類相似而明潤懸絶，但子愚昧未詳耳。若使人言是而隨是之，人言非而隨非之，此即取捨在彼，子何預焉？故有<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>之目者，不可惑之以色。有<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>之耳者，不可惑之以音。今若問人而後識者，此乃聾瞽之事也。豈有耳目者所爲哉？』於是夫妻怨競，累日不息。時鄰家有寓居遊士，聞而歎曰：『誠哉哲婦之言，可謂信而有徵。』」亦爲「<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>石魚目，鑒者必寡」之典型例子。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2959" id="2970">〔五〕</a>吠<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>：比喻壞人攻擊好人。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">齊策六</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>之狗吠<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>，非貴<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>而賤<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>也，狗固吠非其主也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2960" id="2971">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">召南</span><span class="shuming">野有死麕</span>：「舒而脱脱兮，無感我帨兮，無使尨也吠。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2961" id="2972">〔七〕</a>有當：適合，適宜。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2962" id="2973">〔八〕</a>爝火：火把。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「日月出矣，而爝火不息，其於光也，不亦難乎！」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「爝火，猶<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00484','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P484</span></i>炬火也，亦小火也。」　<span class="zhuanming">燭龍</span>：神話中的神名。傳説其張目（亦有謂其駕日﹑銜燭或珠）能照耀天下。<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">大荒北經</span>：「西北海之外，<span class="zhuanming">赤水</span>之北，有<span class="zhuanming">章尾山</span>。有神，人面蛇身而赤，直目正乘，其瞑乃晦，其視乃明，不食﹑不寢﹑不息，風雨是謁。是燭九陰，是謂<span class="zhuanming">燭龍</span>。」　蒲牢：鐘。本爲傳説中生活在海邊的獸，因其吼聲非常洪亮，故古人常在鐘上鑄刻其形象。後因以「蒲牢」爲鐘的别名。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一<span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">東都賦</span>「於是發鯨魚，鏗華鐘」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="zhuanming">薛綜</span>曰：「海中有大魚曰鯨，海邊又有獸名蒲牢。蒲牢素畏鯨，鯨魚擊蒲牢，輒大鳴。凡鐘欲令聲大者，故作蒲牢於上，所以撞之者，爲鯨魚。」　雷霆：震雷，霹靂。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「鼓之以雷霆，潤之以風雨。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2963" id="2974">〔九〕</a>鄙抱：猶鄙懷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2964" id="2975">〔一○〕</a>戚施：比喻諂諛獻媚者。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五三<span class="zhuanming">李康</span><span class="shuming">運命論</span>：「凡希世苟合之士，蘧蒢戚施之人，俛仰尊貴之顔，逶迆勢利之間。」<span class="zhuanming">張銑</span>注：「戚施，面柔也。」　喔咿：獻媚强笑貌。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">卜居</span>：「將哫訾栗斯，喔咿儒兒，以事婦人乎？寧廉潔正直以自清乎？」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「喔咿儒兒，强語笑貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2965" id="2976">〔一一〕</a>濡尾：比喻力不勝任，處境尷尬。語出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">未濟</span>：「小狐汔濟，濡其尾，無攸利。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「小才不能濟難事，同小狐雖難渡水而無餘力，必須水汔方可涉川；未及登岸而濡其尾，濟不免濡，豈有所利？」</span> </p><p> <span>異説曰：封戒學者，實則小智，隘情不夷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">封，滯也。隘，窄也。夷，平也。言持戒者，局小乘也。</span> <span>觸物忌過。亡身猶糞土，厚意於草木。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔有持戒比丘，行遇賊劫其衣鉢，仍以草繫之。日<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00485','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P485</span></i>中，比丘不能斷草而去，慮破戒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2978" id="2977">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span>大士觀之，如險惡逕，不若資吾大道，落吾節，放吾心，不踵武，不俛眉，不飢腸，不病蔬，逍遥乎飲饌之閒，坦蕩乎貨植之上，何莫爲吾適也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逕】古定切，近也。宜徑字，步道也。【落吾節】上音洛，落魄也，任運無家也；節，操也。亡也魄音託也。【踵武】上音腫，繼也，運步也，武也，跡也。繼先徑之迹，謂之踵武。<span class="shuming">曲禮</span>云，今取行道皃。【俛眉】上音免，俯俛也。坐禪者俛眉斂念也。【不飢腸】兼悦食也。【不病蔬】葷膩助飡。【逍遥】異説者以自在適性爲逍遥，此<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跖</span>之逍遥，不可同<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>三解逍遥之名。【貨植】上貿也，下種也。史書有貨植也。【適】音釋，樂也，善也。</span> <span>孰能捐膏粱純纊之美厚，與夫後世魂靈作殘刻皁隸者歟？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今世不餐鮮美﹑服華麗，死後終作卑賤之鬼，何哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膏粱】上音高，脂也，膄也；下音粱，稻粱也。<span class="shuming">廣志</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">遼東</span>有赤粱，<span class="zhuanming">魏武</span>取以爲粥。方用粱字，悮。【殘刻】上餘也，傷也；下音克，剥削也。【皁隸】養馬賤職也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2977" id="2978">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷二六：「寧捨身命，不毁禁戒，如草繫比丘。」<span class="shuming">根本説一切有部目得迦</span>卷六：「時諸苾芻，在<span class="zhuanming">跋蹉國</span>遊行人間，爲賊所執，賊相告曰：『仁等今可浄諸苾芻。』是時賊中，有一先是苾芻相近住人，告諸伴曰：『何勞殺此？應以連根茅草，可急縛之，令其飢渴，自餓而死。』時彼群賊，即以茅草縛諸苾芻，棄之而去。時<span class="zhuanming">跋蹉國</span>王名<span class="zhuanming">烏陀延</span>，爲獵而出，遇到其所，告從臣曰：『此是鹿熊耶？』走騎觀察，乃見苾芻。問言：『仁是何類？』苾芻答曰：『是出家者。』『於何類中？』『是<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>子。』『何爲此住？』答：『我被賊縛。』『以何物縛？』答曰：『生草。』王曰：『何不拔起？』報曰：『<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>爲我制其學處。若復苾芻壞生草木者，得波逸底迦。』王即下乘，自手解放，各施三衣，捨之而去。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00486','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P486</span></i><p> <span>譏者曰：夫何然哉？不愧于人，不畏于天，允意勃善，罪莫甚矣。戒者，威儀也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">威者，有威可畏。儀者，有儀可則。</span> <span>威儀者，德之表也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「淑慎爾止，不諐于儀。」又曰：「抑抑威儀，惟德之隅。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2988" id="2979">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆重威儀之道也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淑】音熟，善也。</span> <span>故若即脩途，用之作符印<a class="zhuhao" href="#2989" id="2980">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">脩，長也。往長途以戒能涉也。符印，若今之公憑也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【符印】上音鳧，契也。<span class="shuming">説文</span>云：信也；下於刃切，符印也，印信也。</span> <span>若涉大水，用之作浮囊<a class="zhuhao" href="#2990" id="2981">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">律云：如人欲過大海，藉浮囊以得渡。喻如持戒，破一小戒，亦不能濟也。</span> <span>若制佚馬，用之作銜策<a class="zhuhao" href="#2991" id="2982">〔四〕</a>；若穡千畝，用之作平地。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【佚】音逸，奔也。【銜策】上户監切，馬勒口中鐵也；下楚革切，馬箠也，驅也。【畝】音母。<span class="shuming">司馬法</span>：六尺曰步，三百步爲畝。<span class="zhuanming">秦孝公</span>之制，二百四十步爲一畝。</span> <span>羊車唯五犯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一波羅夷﹑二僧伽婆尸沙﹑三波逸提﹑四提舍尼﹑五突吉羅。唯防身﹑口二業也。</span> <span>牛駕通三聚<a class="zhuhao" href="#2992" id="2983">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">身口意三聚也。</span> <span>虧之首末，沉于龍鬼<a class="zhuhao" href="#2993" id="2984">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">破戒者，多沉龍鬼。</span> <span>全之始卒，超在人天<a class="zhuhao" href="#2994" id="2985">〔七〕</a>。其照如日月，其好如瓔珞。是以草繫護鵝，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">草繫如上。護鵝者，昔有比丘入王宫，見鵝吞一珠。王後尋珠不獲，疑比丘取。問之，比丘懼殺鵝，不言。王將殺比丘，比丘亦不言，鵝即吐珠。王知非，問：何以不言？比丘曰：言恐殺鵝也<a class="zhuhao" href="#2995" id="2986">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span>有死無貳。驅龍墮雁，精誠一貫<a class="zhuhao" href="#2996" id="2987">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如有比丘，於龍住處現通，驅之終不去。持戒者往，彈指三下，龍即便去也。<span class="shuming">智論</span>云：有比丘持戒，食時至念食感。雁王知之，令雁投地，欲供其食，比丘知已，不食也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【一貫】以一理統之。</span> <span>且吾與君俱緇也，在首無冠，在身唯褐。四<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00487','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P487</span></i>海一已，無適無莫。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">適，厚。莫，薄。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【緇】<span class="shuming">考工記</span>云：三義爲纏，五義爲緅，七日爲緇。</span> <span>何但選僧田之臘，飫焚爐之供？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僧自二十歲年满，方受大戒。經夏及冬，謂之夏臘也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臘】年終祭名。謂僧受戒後，數其年臘，高在所在得上施。【飫】依遇切，飽也，厭也，賜也。<span class="shuming">釋言</span>曰：飫，私也。【焚鑪】下落胡切，酒盆也，鑪冶也。難用，宜此「爐」字。</span> <span>儀範不攝，皂素何别？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今僧但以年臘高者，居上座而受供養，而全不知修攝威儀也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皂素】皂，賤人也；素，白衣也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2979" id="2988">〔一〕</a>止：舉止﹑行爲。　抑抑：慎密。　隅：角，借指品行方正。出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">抑</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2980" id="2989">〔二〕</a>符印：符節印信，爲各種憑證物的統稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2981" id="2990">〔三〕</a>浮囊：渡水用的氣囊。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷三：「浮囊者，氣囊也，欲渡大海，憑此氣囊輕浮之力也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2982" id="2991">〔四〕</a>佚馬：失去駕馭而狂奔的馬。<span class="shuming">韓詩外傳</span>卷二：「<span class="zhuanming">造父</span>無佚馬。」　銜策：馬嚼子和馬鞭。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2983" id="2992">〔五〕</a>三聚：爲三聚浄戒之略稱，指三種清浄的戒規：攝律儀戒﹑攝善法戒﹑攝衆生戒。<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷八九<span class="shuming">受戒篇</span><span class="shuming">戒相部</span>第七：「其三是何？一者攝律儀戒。謂惡無不離，起證道行，是斷德因，終成法身。止即是持，作便是犯。順教奉修，慎而不爲。二者攝善法戒。謂善無不積，起助道行，是智德因，終成報身。作即是持，止便是犯。順教奉修，以成行德。三者攝衆生戒。謂無生不度，起不住道行，是恩德因，終成應身。作即是持，止便是犯。」<span class="zhuanming">大廣智三藏和上</span>於<span class="zhuanming">含暉院</span><span class="zhuanming">承明殿道場</span>説<span class="shuming">金剛界瑜伽略述三十七尊心要</span>：「戒波羅蜜者，三聚浄戒。一攝律儀戒，二攝善法戒，三攝衆生戒，亦云饒益有情戒。一切戒行，皆攝律儀所管，由持戒故，獲得身口意清浄果報。」按：羊車喻小乘，牛駕喻大乘。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00488','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P488</span></i>參<span class="shuming">法華經</span><span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2984" id="2993">〔六〕</a>首末：自始至終。　龍鬼：指六道輪迴中的畜生道﹑餓鬼道等惡道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2985" id="2994">〔七〕</a>始卒：開始和終止。猶始終。　人天：六道輪迴中的人道和天道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2986" id="2995">〔八〕</a>見<span class="shuming">大莊嚴論經</span>卷一一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2987" id="2996">〔九〕</a>驅龍：指持戒之阿羅漢依恃戒力，驅逐<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>之毒龍。<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論</span>卷四四：「昔此<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>中有一毒龍，名<span class="zhuanming">無怯懼</span>，禀性暴惡，多爲損害。去彼不遠，有<span class="zhuanming">毗訶羅</span>數爲彼龍之所嬈惱。寺有五百大阿羅漢，共議入定，欲逐彼龍，盡其神力而不能遣。有阿羅漢從外而來，諸舊住僧爲説上事。時外來者至龍住處，彈指語言：『賢面遠去。』龍聞其聲，即便遠去。諸阿羅漢怪而問言：『汝遣此龍，是何定力？』彼答衆曰：『我不入定，亦不起通。但護尸羅，故有此力。我護輕罪，如防重禁，故使惡龍驚怖而去。』」<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經玄贊</span>卷二（末）：「浄如寶珠者，一内外無瑕，二戒德圓備，三威光晃曜，四衆所愛樂。由此鵝珠被縛，草繫捨身，雁墮知事之前，龍生伊蘭之樹。瓶隨所欲，律儀爲本故也。」「墮雁」者，佛經中多有記載，可以分爲兩個系統：一者如<span class="shuming">梵網經古跡記</span>卷下末載：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>爲雁王時，將五百雁向南飛之。爾時雁王，墮獵師網。時有一雁，悲鳴吐血，徘徊不去。爾時獵師，彎弓欲射，不避弓矢，目不暫捨。即鼓兩翅，來投雁王。五百群雁，徘徊虚空，亦復不去。爾時獵師見此一雁，即生慚愧，尋時放捨。其一雁者，即<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>是。」一者如<span class="shuming">佛本行集經</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">遊戲觀矚品</span>第十二載：『時有群雁，行飛虚空。是時童子<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>彎弓而射，即著一雁。其雁被射，帶箭遂墮<span class="zhuanming">悉達</span>園中。時太子見彼雁帶箭被傷墮地，見已，兩手安徐捧取。取已加趺，安雁膝上，以妙滑澤<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00489','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P489</span></i>柔潤水波﹑萬字輪文﹑福德之手，細軟猶如芭蕉嫩葉，左手擎持，右手拔箭。即以酥蜜封於其瘡。是時<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>童子，遣使人來語太子言：我射一雁，墮汝園中，宜速付來，不得留彼。是時太子報使人言：雁若命終，即當還汝。若不死者，終不可得。時<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>復更重遣使人語言：若死若活，决須相還。我手於先善巧射得。遇墮落彼，云何忽留？太子報言：我已於先攝受此雁。所以然者，自我發於菩提心來，我皆攝受一切衆生，況復此雁而不屬我？』</span> </p><p> <span>夫聖人之行，莫尚乎齊戒；聖人之心，莫尚乎慈儉。非齊戒則謗聖人之行；非慈儉則違聖人之心。謗行違心，則八難不由步而往，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八難，一地獄﹑二餓鬼﹑三畜生﹑四北州﹑五無想天﹑六生盲聾啞﹑七世智辯聰﹑八佛前法後，此皆障聖道之所。</span> <span>五苦不待召而至<a class="zhuhao" href="#3000" id="2997">〔一〕</a>。此世他世與夫後世幽魂，作深仇巨釁者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">由今身誹謗，令後世魂識沉墜，而積怨恨也。</span> <span>若以大道虚懷，小行傷德，則於<span class="shuming">菩薩戒經</span>復何有矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3001" id="2998">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">小乘戒若不能持，又安能持菩薩戒？小乘之戒，本自大乘流出。</span> <span>由是爲猶冒於虎質，稱鼠濫其馬形，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲僧不能持戒，而更舉大叱小，實類犬鼠之形，濫虎馬之質也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【猶】<span class="zhuanming">隴州</span>以犬子爲猶。【冒】莫到切，覆也，涉也。【虎質】虎豹之鞟，猶犬羊之鞟。【鼠】小獸名，善盜也。【羊鼠】注上宜犬<a class="zhuhao" href="#3002" id="2999">〔三〕</a>字。</span> <span>雖欲假詞逃責，而實文其罪也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2997" id="3000">〔一〕</a>五苦：一般指生老病死苦﹑愛别離苦﹑怨憎會苦﹑求不得苦﹑五陰盛苦。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2998" id="3001">〔二〕</a>虚懷：淺薄。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#2999" id="3002">〔三〕</a>犬：原誤作「大」。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00490','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P490</span></i><p> <span>異説曰：禪爲心學。心冥神化，不行而逝，將駐返速。其動如波湧，其静如淵默<a class="zhuhao" href="#3007" id="3003">〔一〕</a>。當任之於自得，縱之於無爲<a class="zhuhao" href="#3008" id="3004">〔二〕</a>。何必端居槁形，以有待無？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【縱】用也，放也。【槁形】身如枯木。</span> <span>夫得之，百年人也。不得之，亦百年人也。況宗途僭峙，户牖蕪昧<a class="zhuhao" href="#3009" id="3005">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">縱達其理，未免生滅。而況迹超<span class="zhuanming">毗盧</span>，豈不僭峙乎？色心混沌，豈不蕪穢乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宗途】泒轍。【僭峙】僭越峻峙。【迹超毗盧】丈夫自有衝天志，不向<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>行處行。【色心混沌】禪者解静慮云：以静滅慮，濫無相定也。</span> <span>摭之於實，其誰悟焉？未若興居偃仰<a class="zhuhao" href="#3010" id="3006">〔四〕</a>，聊逸自體，鍾梵講誦，頗娱其意，禪乎吾無所爲也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">意重講唱，不樂禪味者也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3003" id="3007">〔一〕</a>淵默：深沉静默。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">在宥</span>：「尸居而龍見，淵默而雷聲。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3004" id="3008">〔二〕</a>自得：自己感到舒適。　無爲：指無因緣造作，無生住異滅四相之造作。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3005" id="3009">〔三〕</a>僭：僭亂。　峙：直聳。　蕪昧：猶蕪没。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3006" id="3010">〔四〕</a>摭：摭拾，選取。　興居：猶言起居。指日常生活。<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇</span><span class="shuming">至理</span>：「食飲有度，興居有節。」　偃仰：謂隨世俗應付。</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：泛乎其誣，悠乎其殆。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">泛，浮也。悠，遠也。一聽異説浮淺之誣謗，似是悠遠思慮，深玄之理趣全乖。殆，危也。理疏則危。</span> <span>既升而顛，誠祇以悔也。夫五道之所不羈，三乘由兹抗綏<a class="zhuhao" href="#3018" id="3011">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">羈，絆馬者。綏，升車繩。達空理者，五趣不能拘其身，三乘安能攝其位？超然而出也。<span class="shuming">隨<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00491','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P491</span></i>函</span>：【抗綏】上音亢，舉手也；下息遺切，車中靶也。音霸，轡革也。</span> <span>静囂埃於通莊，啓靈關之奥樞<a class="zhuhao" href="#3019" id="3012">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">莊，大路也。樞，門機也。</span> <span>而莫先乎禪學者矣。故脩德閑邪之士，未嘗不尸居󵱆食以至於無爲<a class="zhuhao" href="#3020" id="3013">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">閑，防也。󵱆，鳥鶵也。忘心之士，其居則如尸無作，其食則如󵱆不競，淡然而已。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【閑】防也。【尸居】心若寒灰。【鶵】仕于切，鳥子能自食曰鶵。</span> <span>其有不由此道，則辭想如麻，計事如流，形爲心驅，苦與年窮，恍惚睢盱<a class="zhuhao" href="#3021" id="3014">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">睢盱，舉目也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【棼】宜麻字，意云亂想如麻之亂，誠難收整也。【恍惚】心不安謂之恍惚。【睢盱】上許維切，下況于切，舉目視皃。</span> <span>刺促趑趄<a class="zhuhao" href="#3022" id="3015">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">小走皃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【刺促】上七迹切，又七四切；下七玉切。將進退後謂之刺促。【趑趄】上七私切，下七餘切，行不進皃。</span> <span>何燕居之有也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3023" id="3016">〔六〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今之稱禪者，不能寂静，身心逐境遷轉，旦夕驅驅，豈曰燕居者哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【燕】或此宴字，安也，息也。</span> <span>但禪通内外，位殊小大，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">禪者猒下地心，引上地心。折伏煩惱，令不生起。作六行事，觀通内教外道，大乘小乘所作也，非止是一言一句而已。</span> <span>各隨脩證，有深淺矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有近分根本理事，大小乘論，深淺不同也。</span> <span>如象馬兔三獸渡河，蓋先聖之興詠耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">小乘喻兔，中乘喻馬，大乘喻象，深淺别也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3024" id="3017">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【先聖】夫悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3011" id="3018">〔一〕</a>五道：又稱五趣，謂天﹑人﹑畜生﹑餓鬼﹑地獄五處衆生輪迴之所。　三乘：指小乘（聲聞乘）﹑中乘（緣覺乘）和大乘（菩薩乘），這裏指佛法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3012" id="3019">〔二〕</a>囂埃：猶囂塵，指紛擾的塵世。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷八三<span class="shuming">逸民傳序</span>：「然而蟬蜕囂埃之中，自致寰區之外，異<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00492','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P492</span></i>夫飾智巧以逐浮利者乎！」　通莊：指往來的大道。　靈關：指險要的關隘。　奥樞：猶樞機，關鍵。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3013" id="3020">〔三〕</a>閑邪：防止邪惡。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「閑邪存其誠。」<span class="zhuanming">李鼎祚</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">宋衷</span>曰：「閑，防也。」　尸居：謂安居而無爲。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天運</span>：「然則人固有尸居而龍見，雷聲而淵默，發動如天地者乎？」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「言至人其處也若死尸之安居。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3014" id="3021">〔四〕</a>計事：謀事畫策。　恍惚：迷茫；心神不寧。<span class="shuming">東觀漢記</span>卷一四<span class="shuming">郅惲傳</span>：「令爲狂疾恍惚，不自知所言。」　睢盱：睁眼仰視貌。<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span><span class="shuming">西京賦</span>：「迾卒清候，武士赫怒，緹衣韎韐，睢盱拔扈。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3015" id="3022">〔五〕</a>刺促：忙碌急迫，勞碌不休。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3016" id="3023">〔六〕</a>燕居：閒居。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">仲尼燕居</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>燕居，<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">言游</span>侍。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「退朝而處曰燕居。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3017" id="3024">〔七〕</a>按：佛教以兔﹑馬﹑象三獸渡河入水之深淺，喻小乘﹑中乘﹑大乘證道之高下。<span class="shuming">優婆塞戒經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">三種菩提品</span>：「善男子，如<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>水，三獸俱渡：兔﹑馬﹑香象。兔不至底，浮水而過。馬或至底，或不至底；象則盡底。<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>水者，即是十二因緣河也。聲聞渡時，猶如彼兔；緣覺渡時，猶如彼馬；<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>渡時，猶如香象，是故<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>得名爲佛。聲聞﹑緣覺，雖斷煩惱，不斷習氣。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之間，西來三藏多以禪法教授，邕邕肅肅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3031" id="3025">〔一〕</a>，默而習之，不以耀世。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【肅】敬也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">竺道猷</span>定力深遠，高巖誦經，群虎前聽，一虎獨眠，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>以如意扣其頭使聽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3032" id="3026">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【竺道猷】<span class="zhuanming">曇猷</span>。造<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">赤城</span>乃此人也。竺道悮。【扣】口﹑寇二音，擊也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00493','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P493</span></i>累日不起，弟子往候，見白師子緣柱而立，滿空彌漫，生青蓮華，故冒雨不霑，履泥不污<a class="zhuhao" href="#3033" id="3027">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>有<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>傳心悟於<span class="zhuanming">慧光</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3034" id="3028">〔四〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">光</span>少定力，終以三藏文字，爲國大統<a class="zhuhao" href="#3035" id="3029">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">光</span>姓<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>見而奇之，留出家。聰慧無雙，時號爲<span class="zhuanming">聖沙彌</span>。<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>任僧官，後爲僧統，甚有文章行世也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【彌漫】大水皃也。【魏】<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>。【南齊任僧官】注悮。<span class="shuming">傳</span>云初在<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，任國僧都，後召入<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，傳爲國統，理合。注云<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>時，在<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>爲僧都，<span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>時入<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，爲僧統。【行世】行出悮。</span> <span>唯<span class="zhuanming">僧稠</span>得<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>之道，錫杖解虎，袈裟護難。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">稠禪師</span>在<span class="zhuanming">王屋山</span>見二虎鬪，以錫杖解之，各去也。<span class="zhuanming">高齊</span><span class="zhuanming">陸脩静</span>等奏與僧比試作法，祝僧衆衣鉢等旋空飛揚。大統令<span class="zhuanming">曇顯</span>對之。彼又祝大木升空，遂取<span class="zhuanming">稠禪師</span>衲衣置上。於是呪之作法，皆不能動，帝大悦。</span> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>入定，九日不起。<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>已來，禪學之最，汝其人耳。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3036" id="3030">〔六〕</a></span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3025" id="3031">〔一〕</a>邕邕：和樂貌。邕，通「雍」。　肅肅：恭敬貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">思齊</span>：「雝雝在宫，肅肅在廟。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「肅肅，敬也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3026" id="3032">〔二〕</a>定力：伏除煩惱妄想的禪定之力。　如意：音譯「阿那律」，佛具之一。和尚宣講佛經時，持如意，記經文於上，以備遺忘。按：<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">道猷傳</span>不載此事，<span class="shuming">釋氏稽古略</span>卷二<span class="shuming">道猷傳</span>有此記載。又<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">竺曇猷傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺曇猷</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">法猷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。少苦行，習禪定。……後移<span class="zhuanming">始豐</span><span class="zhuanming">赤城山</span>石室坐禪。有猛虎數十，蹲在<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>前，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>誦經如故。一虎獨睡，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>以如意扣虎頭，問：『何不聽經？』俄而群虎皆去。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3027" id="3033">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷三<span class="shuming">求那跋摩傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">功德鎧</span>，本刹利種。……於山寺之外，别立禪室。室去<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00494','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P494</span></i>寺數里，磬音不聞。每至鳴椎，<span class="zhuanming">跋摩</span>已至。或冒雨不沾，或履泥不濕。……<span class="zhuanming">跋摩</span>嘗於别室入禪，累日不出。寺僧遣沙彌往候之，見一白師子緣柱而上，亘空彌漫，生青蓮華。沙彌驚恐大呼，往逐師子，豁無所見。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3028" id="3034">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">佛陀禪師傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">佛陀禪師</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">覺者</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>人。……時又入<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，將度有緣。沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧光</span>，年立十二，在<span class="zhuanming">天門街</span>井欄上，反蹋蹀䤻，一連五百。衆人諠競，異而觀之。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>因見惟曰：『此小兒世戲有工，道業亦應無昧。』意欲引度。權以杖打頭，聲響清澈。既善聲論，知堪法器。乃問：『能出家不？』<span class="zhuanming">光</span>曰：『固其本懷耳。』遂度之。……又令弟子<span class="zhuanming">道房</span>度沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧稠</span>，教其定業。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3029" id="3035">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">慧光傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧光</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">楊氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">盧</span>人也。……後入<span class="zhuanming">洛京</span>，搜揚新異。南北音字，通貫幽微。悉爲心計之勞，事須文記，乃方事紙筆，綴述所聞。兼以意量，參互銷釋。<span class="zhuanming">陀</span>以他日密睹文言，乃呼而告曰：『吾之度子，望傳果向於心耳。何乃區區方事世語乎？今觀神器已成，可爲高明法師矣。道務非子分也，如何自累？』因而流涕。……初在<span class="zhuanming">京洛</span>任國僧都，後召入<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，綏緝有功，轉爲國統。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3030" id="3036">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">僧稠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧稠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">孫</span>。元出<span class="zhuanming">昌黎</span>，末居<span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span>之<span class="zhuanming">癭陶</span>焉。……嘗於<span class="zhuanming">鵲山</span>静處，感神來嬈。抱肩築腰，氣嘘項上。<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>以死要心，因證深定，九日不起。後從定覺，情想澄然。究略世間，全無樂者，便詣<span class="zhuanming">少林寺</span>祖師三藏，呈己所證。<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>曰：『自<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>已東，禪學之最，汝其人矣。』乃更授深要。……後詣<span class="zhuanming">懷州</span>西<span class="zhuanming">王屋山</span>，修習前法。聞兩虎交鬥，咆響振巖。乃以錫杖中解，各散而去。……嘗以暇日，帝謂曰：『弟子未見佛之靈異，頗得睹不？』<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>曰：『此非沙門所宜。』帝强之。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00495','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P495</span></i>乃投袈裟於地，帝使數十人舉之，不能動。<span class="zhuanming">稠</span>命沙彌取之，初無重焉。因爾篤信兼常，寺宇僧供，勞賜優渥。」<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二三<span class="shuming">曇顯傳</span>：「乃出敕召諸沙門與道士對挍道術。爾時道士咒諸沙門衣鉢或舉或轉，或咒諸方梁横豎於地者。沙門曾不學方術，默無一對。士女擁閙，貴賤移心，並以<span class="zhuanming">静</span>徒爲勝也。<span class="zhuanming">静</span>乃高談自伐，矜炫道術，唱言曰：『神通權設，抑挫强侮。沙門現一，我當現二。今薄示微術，並辭屈退，事亦可見。』帝命<span class="zhuanming">上統</span>令與<span class="zhuanming">静</span>捔試。<span class="zhuanming">上</span>曰：『方術小伎，俗儒恥之，況出世也？雖然，天命相拒，豈得無言？可令最下座僧對之。』時<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>位居末席，酒醉酣盛，扶舉登座。因立而笑，衆皆憚焉。而是<span class="zhuanming">上統</span>所遣，不敢有諫。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>語<span class="zhuanming">李宗</span>云：『向誇現術一之與二者，深有致矣。』即於座上，翹足而立，曰：『吾已現一矣，卿可現二？』各無言對。<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>曰：『向咒諸衣物飛舉者，試卿術耳。』命取<span class="zhuanming">稠禪師</span>衣鉢咒之，皆無動摇。帝敕十人舉之，不動如故。乃以衣置諸梁木，帖然無驗。諸道士等相顧無顔。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">東魏</span>末<span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>陳四行法，統備真奥<a class="zhuhao" href="#3041" id="3037">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四行法者，一報怨行，或遇愛憎，甘心受之，是我宿作，都無怨對；二隨緣行，謂於一切境，無喜無怒也；三無所求行，謂無所貪求也；四稱法行，即性浄圓明之理也。</span> <span>傳法與<span class="zhuanming">可</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">第一祖<span class="zhuanming">慧可</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">可</span>遇賊斷其臂，以法御心，初無痛惱。每歎<span class="shuming">楞伽經</span>曰：「此經四世之後，變成名相，深可悲矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3042" id="3038">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僧璨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">道信</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">弘忍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧能</span>爲四世也，此後多以名相傳心也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僧璨】第三祖名。【楞伽】<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>南海山名，此云<span class="zhuanming">廣平</span>。佛入山爲彼神王説此經，名<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>也。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">可</span>至六祖，分爲南北，各引强推弱，競其功德。然欲辯其污隆者，正可審其言<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00496','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P496</span></i>行<a class="zhuhao" href="#3043" id="3039">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">忍</span>有<span class="zhuanming">神秀</span>爲北宗﹑<span class="zhuanming">慧能</span>爲南宗也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【污隆】上下也，下高也。</span> <span>凡石匪玉不潤，淵匪龍不威。彼有道者，心虚弘遠<a class="zhuhao" href="#3044" id="3040">〔四〕</a>。故鐘鼓之音，怒擊則武，憂擊則悲，喜擊則樂。其志變者，聲亦隨之。未有得道之賢，志智而言愚者也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3037" id="3041">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>：亦作<span class="zhuanming">菩提達摩</span>，略稱<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>等，爲<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>禪宗初祖。<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">香至國</span>（或作<span class="zhuanming">婆羅門國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">波斯國</span>）國王之第三子，從<span class="zhuanming">般若多羅</span>學道，與佛<span class="zhuanming">大先</span>並稱爲門下二甘露門，四十年之後受衣鉢。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">菩提達摩傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">菩提達摩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span>婆羅門種。……行入四行，萬行同攝。初報怨行者，修道苦至，當念往劫。捨本逐末，多起愛憎。今雖無犯，是我宿作。甘心受之，都無怨對。經云：『逢苦不憂，識達故也。此心生時，與道無違。體怨進道故也。』二隨緣行者，衆生無我，苦樂隨緣。縱得榮譽等事，宿因所構，今方得之。緣盡還無，何喜之有？得失隨緣，心無增減。違順風静，冥順於法也。三名無所求行。世人長迷，處處貪著，名之爲求。道士悟真，理與俗反。安心無爲，形隨運轉。三界皆苦，誰而得安？經曰：『有求皆苦，無求乃樂』也。四名稱法行。即性浄之理也。<span class="zhuanming">摩</span>以此法，開化<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>土。識真之士，從奉歸悟。録其言誥，卷流於世。自言年一百五十餘歲，遊化爲務，不測於終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3038" id="3042">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">慧可傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋僧可</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">慧可</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">姬氏</span>。<span class="zhuanming">虎牢</span>人。……遇<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">菩提達摩</span>遊化<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span><span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">可</span>懷寶知道，一見悦之。奉以爲師，畢命承旨。……時有<span class="zhuanming">林法師</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>盛講<span class="shuming">勝鬘</span>，並制文義。每講人聚，乃選通三部經者，得七百人，預在其席。及<span class="zhuanming">周</span>滅法，與<span class="zhuanming">可</span>同學，共護經像。初<span class="zhuanming">達摩禪師</span>以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00497','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P497</span></i>四卷<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>授<span class="zhuanming">可</span>曰：『我觀<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地，惟有此經。仁者依行，自得度世。』<span class="zhuanming">可</span>專附玄理，如前所陳。遭賊斫臂，以法御心，不覺痛苦。火燒斫處，血斷帛裹，乞食如故。曾不告人。後<span class="zhuanming">林</span>又被賊斫其臂，叫號通夕。<span class="zhuanming">可</span>爲治裹，乞食供<span class="zhuanming">林</span>。<span class="zhuanming">林</span>怪<span class="zhuanming">可</span>手不便，怒之。<span class="zhuanming">可</span>曰：『餅食在前，何不自裹？』<span class="zhuanming">林</span>曰：『我無臂也，<span class="zhuanming">可</span>不知耶？』<span class="zhuanming">可</span>曰：『我亦無臂，復何可怒？』因相委問，方知有功。故世云『無臂林』矣。每<span class="zhuanming">可</span>説法竟，曰：『此經四世之後，變成名相，一何可悲！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3039" id="3043">〔三〕</a>污隆：升降，盛衰。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3040" id="3044">〔四〕</a>心虚：謂内心空明而無成見或謙虚而不自滿。</span> </p><p> <span>余昔觀<span class="zhuanming">浄衆</span>禪門，崇而不僭，博而不佞，而未嘗率異驚俗，真曰大智閑閑之士也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3048" id="3045">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">浄衆寺</span><span class="zhuanming">金和尚</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">無相禪師</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">新羅</span>王第三太子，於本國<span class="zhuanming">月生郡</span><span class="zhuanming">南寺</span>出家，<span class="zhuanming">開元</span>十六年至京，後入<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>至<span class="zhuanming">資中</span>，謁<span class="zhuanming">詵公</span>學禪定。入<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>止<span class="zhuanming">浄衆</span>，付法門人<span class="zhuanming">神會</span>，又有<span class="zhuanming">南印</span><span class="zhuanming">慧廣</span>，又有<span class="zhuanming">安僧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁僧</span>等，皆宗禪法也。</span> <span>遂禮足爲師，請事斯旨。而學者安以未見<span class="zhuanming">班</span><span class="zhuanming">倕</span>，任楹甍之撓<a class="zhuhao" href="#3049" id="3046">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班</span><span class="zhuanming">倕</span>，巧匠也。楹，柱也。甍，棟也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【班倕】<span class="zhuanming">魯</span><span class="zhuanming">公輸班</span>也；下音垂，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時巧人名。【楹甍】上音盈，柱也；下音萌，屋棟也。【撓】奴巧切，亂也。</span> <span>不遭<span class="zhuanming">和</span><span class="zhuanming">緩</span>，恣肺腸之患？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">和</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">緩</span>，並古之名醫，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【和緩】<span class="zhuanming">和</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯昭公</span>時<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>醫也；<span class="zhuanming">緩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯成公</span>時<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>醫也。</span> <span>苟在自我精搜而已，若但以外事爲自累之津，類北轅而適諸<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3050" id="3047">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">轅，車之縛軛者。<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>在南地，今學者不能精搜洞照，但求言句，翻成自累。如往北而入南也，終不能至矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【累】緣生也。【適諸】上往也；下之也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00498','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P498</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3045" id="3048">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">浄衆</span>禪門：以<span class="zhuanming">成都</span><span class="zhuanming">浄衆寺</span>爲化導中心之初期禪宗宗派，又稱<span class="zhuanming">浄衆</span>派。<span class="zhuanming">唐代</span>於<span class="zhuanming">成都府</span>創建<span class="zhuanming">浄衆寺</span>之<span class="zhuanming">新羅</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">無相</span>（公元六八四—七六二年）（<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>卷一九有傳）首開本宗，立無憶﹑無念﹑莫忘等三句爲宗旨，以配戒﹑定﹑慧三學，誡勉學人勿追憶過往﹑勿先慮未來﹑勿忘時時與此智（無憶﹑無念之智）相應。此派法系上承五祖<span class="zhuanming">弘忍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">資州</span><span class="zhuanming">智詵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">處寂</span>，下傳<span class="zhuanming">保唐</span><span class="zhuanming">無住</span>。<span class="shuming">北山録</span>著者<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，即其弟子。　閑閑：從容自得貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">魏風</span><span class="shuming">十畝之間</span>：「十畝之間兮，桑者閑閑兮，行與子還兮。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「閑閑，往來者自得之貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3046" id="3049">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">班</span><span class="zhuanming">倕</span>：<span class="zhuanming">公輸班</span>和<span class="zhuanming">倕</span>。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五二<span class="shuming">崔駰傳</span>：「應規矩之淑質兮，過<span class="zhuanming">班</span><span class="zhuanming">倕</span>而裁之。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">公輸班</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人也。<span class="zhuanming">倕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>時爲<span class="zhuanming">共工</span>之官。皆巧人也。」　撓：彎曲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3047" id="3050">〔三〕</a>苟：姑且，暫且。　自累：自己束縛自己﹑牽累自己。<span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">魏策四</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">魏王</span>欲攻<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>，<span class="zhuanming">季梁</span>聞之，中道而反，衣焦不申，頭塵不去，往見王曰：『今者臣來，見人於大行。方北面而持其駕，告臣曰：「我欲之<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>。」臣曰：「君之<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，將奚爲北面？」曰：「吾馬良。」臣曰：「馬雖良，此非<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>之路也。」曰：「吾用多。」臣曰：「用雖多，此非<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>之路也。」曰：「吾御者善。」此數者愈善而離<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>愈遠耳。今王動欲成霸王，舉欲信於天下，恃王國之大，兵之精鋭，而攻<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>，以廣地尊名；王之動愈數，而離王愈遠耳，猶至<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>而北行也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>異説曰：禪者莫極乎吾師。其禪曰<span class="shuming">首楞嚴</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三昧也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3052" id="3051">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【首楞嚴】<span class="shuming">音義</span>云：勇伏定意。</span> <span>自佛傳<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>，逮吾師，心與心相付。餘宗則不吾若也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">鉢羅蜜諦三藏</span>賷到<span class="shuming">佛頂經</span>十卷，於<span class="zhuanming">廣州</span>與<span class="zhuanming">房融</span>共譯，上進<span class="zhuanming">天后</span>。此乃稱爲圓頓之旨，皆禪之宗匠也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【佛頂經】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00499','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P499</span></i>此經十卷，與<span class="shuming">首楞嚴</span>别。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3051" id="3052">〔一〕</a>三昧：又譯「三摩地」，意譯「正定」。謂屏除雜念，心不散亂，專注一境。是佛教的修行方法之一。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷七：「何等爲三昧？善心一處住不動，是名三昧。」<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">念佛三昧詩集序</span>：「夫三昧者何？專思﹑寂想之謂也。」</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：吉人寡辭，功伐不賞<a class="zhuhao" href="#3056" id="3053">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【吉人寡辭】<span class="shuming">下繫</span>云：「吉人之辭寡，躁人之辭多，誣善之人甚辟游。」意責彼無禮之多言也。【功伐不賞】<span class="shuming">道經</span>云：不自見，故明；不自知，故彰；不自伐，有功；不自矜，故長。注云：聖人不自伐其德美，故有功業；佞人反是易知。</span> <span>況匪功妄伐，人其吉乎？<span class="shuming">付法傳</span>止有二十四人，其<span class="zhuanming">師子</span>後<span class="zhuanming">舍那婆斯</span>等四人，並餘家之曲説也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3057" id="3054">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">載於<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【妄伐】<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>云：不自伐故功，既自矜美其功者伐。【舍那婆斯】此名悮，應云<span class="zhuanming">婆舍斯多</span>一，<span class="zhuanming">弗如蜜多</span>二，<span class="zhuanming">般若蜜多羅</span>三，<span class="zhuanming">菩提達摩</span>四。【寶林傳】一十卷，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時<span class="zhuanming">朱陵</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">智炬</span>撰。</span> <span>又第二十九名<span class="zhuanming">達麽多羅</span>，非<span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>也。其傳法賢聖，閒以聲聞，如<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>等，雖則迴心，尚爲小智。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>等<span class="zhuanming">靈山</span>雖獲授記，尚爲小聖爾。</span> <span>豈能傳佛心印乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3058" id="3055">〔三〕</a>？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3053" id="3056">〔一〕</a>吉人：善良的人。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「吉人之辭寡，躁人之辭多。」　功伐：功勞，功勳。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">項羽本紀論</span>：「自矜功伐，奮其私智而不師古。」功伐不賞，謂大功勛，不賞賜，形容功勞極大。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">淮陰侯列傳</span>：「臣聞勇略震主者身危，而功蓋天下者不賞。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3054" id="3057">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">師子</span>：西天二十四祖（或去<span class="zhuanming">末田底迦</span>爲二十三祖），爲<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>王所殺。見<span class="shuming">付法藏傳因緣</span>卷六。<span class="zhuanming">舍那<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00500','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P500</span></i>婆斯</span>即<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>尊者，與<span class="zhuanming">末田底迦</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>兩大弟子，爲西天付法藏二十八祖中第三祖。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3055" id="3058">〔三〕</a>心印：謂不用語言文字，而直接用心相印證，以期頓悟。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">商那和脩</span>告<span class="zhuanming">優波鞠多</span>曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#3065" id="3059">〔一〕</a>：「佛之三昧，<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>不知。<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>三昧，聲聞不知。諸大聲聞三昧，餘聲聞衆不知<a class="zhuhao" href="#3066" id="3060">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>三昧，我今不知。我今三昧，汝亦不知。如是三昧，皆隨吾滅。」又有七萬七千<span class="shuming">本生經</span>，一萬阿毗曇，八萬<span class="shuming">清浄毗尼</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3067" id="3061">〔三〕</a>，亦隨我滅。故傳法者但傳其言，承法者體言見心，即是得法。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖曰觀智，而但傳言句也。</span> <span>其猶斲輪之藝，傳藝而不傳其妙；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊桓公</span>讀書堂上，<span class="zhuanming">輪扁</span>斲輪堂下，釋椎鑿而上，問<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>曰：「敢問公之所讀者，何言耶？」公曰：「聖人之言也。」曰：「聖人在乎？」公曰：「已死矣。」曰：「然則君之所讀者，古人之糟粕矣。」<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>曰：「寡人讀書，輪人安得議乎！有説則已，無説則死！」<span class="zhuanming">輪扁</span>曰：「臣也以臣之事觀之斲輪。徐則甘而不固，疾則苦而不入。不徐不疾，得之於手而應於心，口不能言。有數子存焉，其間臣不能喻臣之子，臣之子亦不能受之於臣，是以行年七十而老斲輪。古之人與其傳者死矣，然則君之所讀者，古人之糟粕也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3068" id="3062">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【椎鑿】上直追切，所以打鑿也；下音昨。<span class="shuming">古史考</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">孟莊子</span>作也。【敢問】間悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">師襄</span>之琴，得琴而不得其數。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>在<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，學琴於<span class="zhuanming">師襄子</span>，十日不進。<span class="zhuanming">師襄子</span>曰：「可以益矣。」<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「習其由矣，未得其數也。」有間，曰：「習其數，可以益矣。」<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>未得志也。」有間，曰：「習其志，可以益矣。」<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>未得其爲人也。」有間，曰：「所脩穆然思焉，忽有所怡然高望而遠志焉。」曰：「<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>得其爲人也，黯然而默，頎然而長。眼如望羊，如王四國。即<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>，誰爲此也。」<span class="zhuanming">師襄子</span>避席拜曰：「<span class="zhuanming">師</span>蓋云<span class="shuming">文王<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00501','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P501</span></i>操</span>也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3069" id="3063">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【數】術也。【黯然而默】上雖減切，深黑也。<span class="shuming">家語</span>下是黑也。【幾然】<span class="shuming">家語</span>上是頎字，音祈，長也。</span> <span>故有久習無成，又有發心便證，或有微流獨得，英才不悟，所貴在乎冥會<a class="zhuhao" href="#3070" id="3064">〔六〕</a>，不必在於相授。然今諸門皆禪而惡乎知佛﹑禪獨乃一家耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如先德長者所傳，各有宗師者也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3059" id="3065">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">優波鞠多</span>：亦作<span class="zhuanming">優波崛多</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鄔波鞠多</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">首陀</span>，西天付法藏二十八祖中第四祖。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3060" id="3066">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語<span class="zhuanming">辟支迦佛陀</span>的略稱。三乘中的中乘聖者。因其觀十二因緣法而得道，故意譯爲「緣覺」；因其身出無佛之世，潛修獨悟，又意譯爲「獨覺」。　聲聞：佛教稱聞佛之言教，證四諦之理的得道者。常指羅漢。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一七：「觀察四諦而得道者，悉名聲聞。」又曰：「從佛聲聞而得道者，悉名聲聞。」參<span class="shuming">付法藏因緣傳</span>卷二。<span class="shuming">傳法正宗記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">天竺第三祖商那和修尊者</span>：「尊者乃以右手上指，即有香乳自空而注，遂問<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>曰：『汝識之乎？』曰：『不測。』<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>即入三昧觀之，亦不能曉，乃請之曰：『是瑞事果何三昧耶？』尊者曰：『是謂龍奮迅三昧。如是五百三昧而汝皆未之知。』復謂<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>三昧，<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>不識；<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>三昧，羅漢不識；吾師<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>三昧而我不識。今我三昧，汝豈識乎？是三昧者，心不生滅，住大慈力，遞相恭敬。其至此者，乃可識之。』而<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>弟子既見其神奇，皆伏而悔謝。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3061" id="3067">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">本生經</span>：佛教謂<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>成佛之前，經過了無數次輪迴轉生，曾做過國王﹑王子﹑婆羅門﹑商人﹑婦人﹑大象﹑猴子﹑鹿等等，每一次轉生，便有一個行善立德的故事，這些故事被稱爲「本生故事」。「本生經」即收載這些故事的佛經。　阿毗曇：佛教論律經三藏<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語音譯的合稱。<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">文學</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00502','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P502</span></i>「<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>初至，爲<span class="zhuanming">東亭</span>第講阿毗曇。」<span class="zhuanming">劉孝標</span>注：「阿毗曇者，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>言大法也，<span class="zhuanming">道標法師</span>曰：『阿毗曇者，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言無比法也。』」　<span class="shuming">清浄毗尼</span>：本經叙述方廣大乘之浄戒，以<span class="zhuanming">寂調伏音天子</span>與<span class="zhuanming">文殊</span>之問答爲其架構。就聲聞及菩薩律行之不同，提出十七種對比。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3062" id="3068">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">天道</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3063" id="3069">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>學鼓琴<span class="zhuanming">師襄子</span>，十日不進。<span class="zhuanming">師襄子</span>曰：『可以益矣』。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>已習其曲矣，未得其數也。』有閒，曰：『已習其數，可以益矣。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>未得其志也。』有閒，曰：『已習其志，可以益矣。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>未得其爲人也。』有閒，有所穆然深思焉，有所怡然高望而遠志焉。曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>得其爲人，黯然而黑，幾然而長，眼如望羊，如王四國，非<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>誰能爲此也！』<span class="zhuanming">師襄子</span>辟席再拜，曰：『師蓋云<span class="shuming">文王操</span>也。』」又見<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷八<span class="shuming">辨樂解</span>，文字略異。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3064" id="3070">〔六〕</a>發心：謂發願求無上菩提之心。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷五<span class="shuming">從地踊出品</span>：「從誰初發心，稱揚何佛法？」　冥會：默契，心靈相通。</span> </p><p> <span>異説曰：<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>既當傳法，使二弟子至<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地，被<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人擯於<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">跋陁</span>也。</span> <span>因與<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>出<span class="shuming">禪要經</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3072" id="3071">〔一〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>聞之慷慨，乃自出西土，濟海于<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>。<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>人不甚信，北望有大乘氣，遂適于<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此所叙並<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>，與<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>乖異也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慷慨】壯士不得志者。又，太息也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3071" id="3072">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">禪要經</span>：一卷，别名<span class="shuming">訶欲經</span>，説色欲之可厭惡。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>收入卷一五。</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：詞失於當。援曲翳直，豈謂智乎？但祖師之門，天下歸仁焉。禪德<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00503','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P503</span></i>自高，寧俟傳法然後始爲宗教者歟？而有考校歲序，以<span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>已當<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>世，<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>居第二十九，翻在<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時<a class="zhuhao" href="#3075" id="3073">〔一〕</a>，何失言於年秩也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>弟子被擯在<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">弘始</span>至<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>末八十年也，又<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>得二十四年，相去百年已上，豈得二十九祖在二十四祖前百二十年耶？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【秩】次序也。</span> <span>嘗有傳<span class="zhuanming">魯般</span>浮圖<a class="zhuhao" href="#3076" id="3074">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯般</span>，<span class="shuming">春秋後語</span>時人。浮圖，自<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>方有也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魯般】下音班字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">右軍</span>般若，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">俗傳<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>右軍<span class="zhuanming">王羲之</span>有親書<span class="shuming">多心經</span>，殊不知<span class="shuming">多心經</span>是<span class="zhuanming">唐朝</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘三藏</span><span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>年譯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【般若】惠義，目<span class="shuming">心經</span>也。【多心經】是云般若等，但云<span class="shuming">心經</span>，多字便剩也。</span> <span>彼向知<span class="zhuanming">般</span>在<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王</span>居<span class="zhuanming">晉穆</span>，則不有是言也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3073" id="3075">〔一〕</a>翻：翻迴，迴返。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3074" id="3076">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">段成式</span><span class="shuming">酉陽雜俎</span>續集卷四：「<span class="shuming">朝野僉載</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">魯般</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">肅州</span><span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人，莫詳年代，巧侔造化。於<span class="zhuanming">涼州</span>造浮圖，作木鳶，每擊楔三下，乘之以歸。無何，其妻有姙，父母詰之，妻具説其故。父後伺得鳶，擊楔十餘下，乘之遂至<span class="zhuanming">吴會</span>。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人以爲妖，遂殺之。』」</span> </p><p> <span>異説曰：<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>六過被<span class="zhuanming">菩提流支</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">光統</span>密毒其食<a class="zhuhao" href="#3078" id="3077">〔一〕</a>，五過吐出，至第六過，不吐而卒。又謂其徒曰：吾宗至第六世，命若懸絲。是知崇山至峻，朽壤崩之，喬木至堅，蝎蟲蠹之，故使吾祖不遐有害，終恤我後也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">菩提流支</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">覺希</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>人。徧通三藏，妙入揔持。志在弘演，廣流視聽。以<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">宣武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>元年己丑歲至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，譯經論三十九部一百二十七卷，筆授草本<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00504','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P504</span></i>滿一間舍，兼攻雜術。嘗坐井口，澡灌置空，或呪井令涌，酌而爲用。<span class="zhuanming">光統</span>律師乃一代之英傑，況主僧柄，豈能爾耶？<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>者，乖誤極多。後之學者，宜更審之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【六過】度也。【懸絲】如懸絲物，危脆必絶。【喬】高喬也。【蝎】桑中蠹虫也。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>：蝤蠐，蝎。<span class="zhuanming">孫炎</span>曰：在木，白而長。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「領如蝤蠐」，乃此也。【筆授】受悮。【藻灌】上是澡字，音早，洗也；下音貫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3077" id="3078">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">菩提流支</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">宣武帝</span>時來<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，多翻諸經。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">光統</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">慧光</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">慧光傳</span>：「初在<span class="zhuanming">京洛</span>任國僧都，後召入<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>，綏緝有功，轉爲國統。」</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：邪夫干正，正卒成邪；妄士談真，真返爲妄<a class="zhuhao" href="#3085" id="3079">〔一〕</a>。傷哉！内訕<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>黨，以名利相殘，而有至於是者也。彼意以德高物忌<a class="zhuhao" href="#3086" id="3080">〔二〕</a>，深用自顯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">意以<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>德高，爲<span class="zhuanming">流支</span>等妒忌也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【干】求也。【卒】盡也。</span> <span>而不知自傷，亦以極矣。昔<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>滅法，詔假<span class="zhuanming">顧先生</span><span class="shuming">三破論</span><span class="zhuanming">等</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3087" id="3081">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顧歡</span>先生也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【昔魏周滅法】<span class="zhuanming">魏太武</span>，當<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">顧先生</span>在<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>間造論。疑魏字剩，請詳。【顧歡】觀悮。</span> <span>誣<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之惡，方此而實不爲甚也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：「人之無良，相怨一方。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3088" id="3082">〔四〕</a>其斯之謂乎？夫良將戮於讒口，實快敵者之心也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3089" id="3083">〔五〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若<span class="zhuanming">白起</span>死於<span class="zhuanming">杜郵</span>之類也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3090" id="3084">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誣】枉也。【詩曰】<span class="shuming">角弓</span>篇也。【戮】刑殺也。【杜郵】下音尤，陽驛名。</span> <span>高德鑠於謗夫，實資外黨之侮也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以資外宗之謗。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鑠】銷也。</span> <span>其聽謗者不掩耳，此亦奬謗之流也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3079" id="3085">〔一〕</a>邪夫：品行不正的人。　干：求，求取。　妄士：無知狂妄的人。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00505','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P505</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3080" id="3086">〔二〕</a>訕：誹謗。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「訕，謗也。」　物忌：衆人忌妒。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3081" id="3087">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">三破論</span>：道教徒攻擊佛教的作品。謂其「入國而破國，誑言説僞，興造無費，苦尅百姓，使國空民窮」。「入家而破家，使父子殊事，兄弟異法，遺棄二親，孝道頓絶。」「入身而破身，人生之體，一有毁傷之疾，二有髡頭之苦，三有不孝之道，四有絶種之罪……」作者不詳，現多認爲是道教徒託名<span class="zhuanming">蕭齊</span><span class="zhuanming">張融</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3082" id="3088">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">角弓</span>：「民之無良，相怨一方。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3083" id="3089">〔五〕</a>讒口：説壞話的嘴，指讒人。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">十月之交</span>：「無罪無辜，讒口囂囂。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3084" id="3090">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">杜郵</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">秦國</span>的<span class="zhuanming">杜郵亭</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦昭王</span>賜<span class="zhuanming">白起</span>劍，令其自殺於此。<span class="zhuanming">酈道元</span><span class="shuming">水經注</span>卷一九<span class="shuming">渭水三</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">渭水</span>北有<span class="zhuanming">杜郵亭</span>，去<span class="zhuanming">咸陽</span>十七里，今名<span class="zhuanming">孝里亭</span>，中有<span class="zhuanming">白起祠</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>古之有道者，澹然無極<a class="zhuhao" href="#3099" id="3091">〔一〕</a>，衆美從之。故猛虎不據，鷙鳥不攫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鷙，擊也。攫，搏也。不揚威而示勇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鷙】音至，猛鳥也。【攫】搏也。</span> <span>而況人乎？若六過遇毒，知而食之，何求自斃也？不知而食，孰謂有道也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">豈曰聖人也？</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">陵陽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">務成</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3100" id="3092">〔二〕</a>，未聞罹於鴆俠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">陵陽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">務成</span>，皆古有道者，尚不爲毒害。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陵陽務成】<span class="zhuanming">韓子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">陵陽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>。<span class="zhuanming">陵陽</span>未詳，<span class="zhuanming">務光</span>可見<span class="shuming">莊子</span>。【罹】音離，遭也。【俠】音叶，世有俠徒，或以力，或以術殺人。</span> <span>豈空門則有此耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#3101" id="3093">〔三〕</a>？故善爲道者，不使人愛已愛，尚使人絶，而況使人害己乎？彼<span class="zhuanming">流支</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">光統</span>，皆德化敷弘，人天極望，奬賢輔善，共揚風教。如<span class="zhuanming">光</span>之門，德行十人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3102" id="3094">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">慧光</span>門下，名揚不一。</span> <span>今此佞<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00506','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P506</span></i>人，曷敢訕毁？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「是故惡夫佞者。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3103" id="3095">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【曷敢訕毁】上何也；訕，謗也；毁，壞破也。</span> <span>俾投豺虎，孰云窮責？且聽訟，吾猶人也，審己爲仁<a class="zhuhao" href="#3104" id="3096">〔六〕</a>，不能果。惡人之爲仁，何能果乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">仁者本以果敢﹑决斷爲義。今惡人興訕謗之文，非於良善，己不能審决是非而信之，如此則仁豈有果敢之用乎？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俾投豺虎】上并弭切，使也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>是俾與也。投，擲也。豺，音柴，狼也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>是󲳴󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3105" id="3097">〔七〕</a>，<span class="shuming">禮</span>云仲秋之月，犲祭獸。【聽】去呼，義曰言勝斷訟之時，兩造具備者，亦由如常人，無以異也。言與常人同，必可在前。以道化之，使無諍訟乃善。<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>意云：我譏異説者，欲使後人無敢訕謗於盛者。【訟】音頌，争罪曰獄，争財曰訟。【審己爲仁】異説救曰：夫果敢决斷爲反仁，我以果敢决斷禪學之流，是可稱仁乎？何譏於也。<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>譏曰：夫上智審己爲仁，尚有不能果决斷者，況惡人佞夫自謂爲仁而能果敢乎？爾者異説非仁人果敢之言，乃是仁人訕謗之言爾。子曰：（必）也使無訟乎。</span> <span>故君子内恕己以量人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3106" id="3098">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">君子之道，忠恕而已。忖己度人，爲之忠恕。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恕已】上仁恕也。忖己度物曰恕。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3091" id="3099">〔一〕</a>澹然：恬淡貌。　無極：無窮盡。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公二十四年</span>：「女德無極，婦怨無終。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3092" id="3100">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">陵陽</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">陵陽子明</span>，傳説中的仙人。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">司馬相如列傳</span>：「使<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>先導兮，反太一而從<span class="zhuanming">陵陽</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="shuming">漢書音義</span>：「仙人<span class="zhuanming">陵陽子明</span>也。」<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷二一<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span><span class="shuming">遊仙詩</span>之六：「<span class="zhuanming">陵陽</span>挹丹溜，<span class="zhuanming">容成</span>揮玉杯。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「<span class="shuming">列仙傳</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">陵陽子明</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">銍鄉</span>人也，好釣魚，於<span class="zhuanming">涎溪</span>釣得白魚，腸中有書，教<span class="zhuanming">子明</span>服食之法。<span class="zhuanming">子明</span>遂上<span class="zhuanming">黄山</span>，採玉石脂服之。三年，龍來迎去。』」　<span class="zhuanming">務成</span>：<span class="zhuanming">務成子</span>，又稱「務成昭」﹑「巫成」，傳説爲<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>的老師。<span class="zhuanming">王符</span><span class="shuming">潛夫論</span>卷一<span class="shuming">贊學</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>師<span class="zhuanming">務成</span>，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>師<span class="zhuanming">紀后</span>。」又傳説爲古代房中家。<span class="zhuanming">馬<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00507','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P507</span></i>王堆</span>醫書<span class="shuming">十問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">巫成</span>以四時爲輔，天地爲經。<span class="zhuanming">巫成</span>與陰陽皆生，陰陽不死。」其養生原則是順從天地陰陽四時變化的規律，以利於身體健康。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">藝文志</span>著録有<span class="shuming">務成子陰道</span>三十六卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3093" id="3101">〔三〕</a>空門：泛指佛教。大乘以觀空爲入門，故稱。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷一八：「空門者，生空﹑法空。」又卷二○：「涅槃城有三門，所謂空﹑無相﹑無作。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3094" id="3102">〔四〕</a>敷弘：傳佈弘揚。<span class="shuming">三國志</span><span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">高柔傳</span>：「陛下臨政，允迪叡哲，敷弘大猷，光濟先軌。」　揚：稱頌，傳播。　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">釋慧光傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">光</span>諸學士，翹穎如林，衆所推仰者十人。揀選行解，入室惟九。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3095" id="3103">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>使<span class="zhuanming">子羔</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">費</span>宰。子曰：『賊夫人之子。』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『有民人焉，有社稷焉。何必讀書，然後爲學？』子曰：『是故惡夫佞者。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3096" id="3104">〔六〕</a>聽訟：審案。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「聽訟，吾猶人也，必也使無訟乎。」　審己：省察自己。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3097" id="3105">〔七〕</a>闕文原漫漶不清。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">巷伯</span>曰：「取彼譖人，投畀豺虎。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3098" id="3106">〔八〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">里仁</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">參</span>乎！吾道一以貫之。』曾子曰：『唯。』子出。門人問曰：『何謂也？』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。』」<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">離騷</span>：「羌内恕己以量人兮，各興心而嫉妬。」恕己：寬宥自己。<span class="zhuanming">王夫之</span><span class="shuming">通釋</span>：「如心謂之恕。君子之恕，如其心之忠也。小人之恕，如其心之邪也。」此處當如<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注，爲忖己度人之謂。</span> </p><p> <span>古者<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芮</span>争田，尚慙<span class="zhuanming">西伯</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3113" id="3107">〔一〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芮</span>二國争田而訟，年年不决，乃相謂曰：「<span class="zhuanming">西伯</span>，仁也。盍往質焉？」入其境，見耕者讓畔，行者讓路，朝臣讓位。曰：「吾儕小人，不可以入君子朝。」遂讓爲閑田也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00508','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P508</span></i><span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>可謂至德也，不教而從之。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虞芮】二國名。【儕】音柴，輩也，等也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">鉏麑</span>殘賊，猶敬<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>臣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">鋤麑</span>，俠士也。奉<span class="zhuanming">晉侯</span>命刺<span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>。<span class="zhuanming">盾</span>將朝，尚早，服而假寐。<span class="zhuanming">麑</span>見曰：「民之主也。賊民之主，不忠。失君之命，不信。」遂觸槐而死<a class="zhuhao" href="#3114" id="3108">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鉏麑殘賊】上音鋤，次五稽切。<span class="zhuanming">晉靈公</span>刺客名。殘賊者，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>問<span class="zhuanming">太公</span>：何謂殘賊？曰：收天下珠玉﹑美女﹑金銀﹑綵帛，藏之不休謂之殘；賊人者，收虐暴之吏，殺無罪之人，非以法度，謂之賊也。</span> <span>而禪祖死於謀夫，未爲德也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">設使誑言<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>死於<span class="zhuanming">流支</span>，豈爲有德者哉！</span> <span>又云：「<span class="zhuanming">可大師</span>不死於<span class="zhuanming">城安</span>令枯木之下，而續死於<span class="zhuanming">和禪師</span>所鴆<a class="zhuhao" href="#3115" id="3109">〔三〕</a>。」斯貶<span class="zhuanming">可祖</span>尤矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">僧可</span>，一名<span class="zhuanming">慧可</span>，<span class="zhuanming">姬</span>姓，<span class="zhuanming">虎牢</span>人。有禪學，以<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>爲師。遭賊斫臂，以法御心，不覺痛苦，乞食如故。<span class="zhuanming">化公</span>及<span class="zhuanming">和禪師</span>俱時之名德，有云「<span class="zhuanming">和</span>以藥鴆<span class="zhuanming">可</span>」，謗之深也。</span> <span>好勝者必勍其敵，豈則祖師好勝者耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">勍，强也。好勝之士，與敵争强弱，故有憎愛相讎之事。祖師泯其念而灰其心者，與物無競，豈有憎愛致斯害耶？信傳者之謬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勍】强力助勝。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">紀渻子</span>養鬭雞，能使忘心氣，狀木雞，群雞見之，蔑有鬭志。疇庸有道者而忝於雞乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3116" id="3110">〔四〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">紀渻子</span>爲王養鬭雞。十日而問之曰：「雞已矣？」曰：「未也。方虚矯而持氣。」十日又問，曰：「未也，猶影響。」十日又問，曰：「未也，猶疾視而盛氣。」十日又問，曰：「幾矣。雞雖有鳴者，已無變，望之如木雞矣。其德全矣！異雞無敢應者，反走爾。」在於雞之有道，群雞尚望之而走，況在祖師，其有敢害之者乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3117" id="3111">〔五〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【紀渻子】<span class="shuming">列子音義</span>云：渻，所景切。又，息景切。<span class="zhuanming">周宣王</span>之士也。【疇庸】上音稠，誰也；下音容，常也，用也。【忝】他點切，辱也。【驕而恃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00509','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P509</span></i>氣】上自矜也。諸本皆云矯而恃氣者，悮。【影響】顧影而鳴也。【感氣】上是盛也。</span> <span>故飄瓦以擊人，不怨也；虚舟之觸人，不怒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3118" id="3112">〔六〕</a>。彼何然哉？以無心故也。而<span class="zhuanming">可祖</span>豈有心哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">可</span>既無心，則不應害也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3107" id="3113">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芮</span>：<span class="zhuanming">周</span>初二國名。相傳兩國有人曾因争地興訟，到<span class="zhuanming">周</span>求<span class="zhuanming">西伯</span><span class="zhuanming">姬昌</span>平斷。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">緜</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>質厥成，<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>蹶厥生。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">周本紀</span>：「於是<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芮</span>之人有獄不能决，乃如<span class="zhuanming">周</span>。入界，耕者皆讓畔，民俗皆讓長。<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">芮</span>之人未見<span class="zhuanming">西伯</span>，皆慙，相謂曰：『吾所争，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人所恥，何往爲，祇取辱耳。』遂還，俱讓而去。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3108" id="3114">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>驟諫，公患之，使<span class="zhuanming">鋤麑</span>賊之。晨往，寢門辟矣，盛服將朝，尚早，坐而假寐。<span class="zhuanming">麑</span>退，歎而言曰：『不忘恭敬，民之主也。賊民之主，不忠。棄君之命，不信。有一於此，不如死也。』觸槐而死。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3109" id="3115">〔三〕</a>枯木：指刑具。　<span class="zhuanming">和禪師</span>：見<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">僧可傳</span>：「時復有<span class="zhuanming">化公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">彦公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">和禪師</span>等，各通冠玄奥，吐言清迥。托事寄懷，聞諸口實。而人世非遠，碑記罕聞。微言不傳，清德誰序？深可痛矣！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3110" id="3116">〔四〕</a>疇庸：謂選賢任用。語出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">堯典</span>：「疇咨若時登庸。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>傳：「疇，誰；庸，用也。誰能咸熙庶績，順是事者，將登用之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3111" id="3117">〔五〕</a>見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">達生</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">紀渻子</span>爲王養鬭雞。十日而問：『雞已乎？』曰：『未也，方虚憍而恃氣。』十日又<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00510','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P510</span></i>問，曰：『未也，猶應嚮景。』十日又問，曰：『未也，猶疾視而盛氣。』十日又問，曰：『幾矣。雞雖有鳴者，已無變矣，望之似木雞矣，其德全矣，異雞無敢應者，反走矣。』」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「神識安閒，形容審定，遥望之者，其猶木雞，不動不驚，其德全具，他人之雞，見之反走，天下無敵，誰敢應乎！」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3112" id="3118">〔六〕</a>飄瓦：墜落的瓦片。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">達生</span>：「復讎者不折鏌干，雖有忮心者不怨飄瓦，是以天下平均。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「飄落之瓦，偶爾傷人，雖忮逆褊心之夫，終不怨恨，爲瓦是無心之物。」　虚舟：無人駕御的船。語本<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">山木</span>：「方舟而濟於河，有虚船來觸舟，雖有惼心之人不怒。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>之刖也，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">鮑莊子</span>之智不如葵，葵猶能衛其足也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>通于<span class="zhuanming">聲孟子</span>，蒙衣而入宫。<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>見之，以告<span class="zhuanming">國武子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武子</span>召<span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>而謂之。<span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>與夫人怒󲳴。<span class="zhuanming">齊靈公</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>守國。夫人訴之云：「將不納君而立<span class="zhuanming">公子角</span>。」君遂刖之。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">鮑莊子</span>之智不如葵。」豈今被害爲有智也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3128" id="3119">〔一〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鮑牽】<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>通于<span class="zhuanming">聲孟子</span>，與婦人蒙衣乘輦而入于閎。<span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>，<span class="zhuanming">慶封</span>父。蒙衣亦爲婦人服，與婦人相冒。閎，巷門。<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>見之，以告<span class="zhuanming">國武子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鮑叔牙</span>曾孫。<span class="zhuanming">武子</span>召<span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>而謂之，<span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>久不出，慚卧於家。夫人所以恠之，而告夫人曰：「<span class="zhuanming">國子</span>謫我。」夫人怒。<span class="zhuanming">國子</span>相<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>以會，會伐<span class="zhuanming">鄭桓</span>。<span class="zhuanming">恩亮</span>反，下相<span class="zhuanming">施氏</span>同<span class="zhuanming">高</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鮑</span>處守。<span class="zhuanming">高無咎</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>守手又反。及還，將至，閉門而索客，蒐索備。奸人<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>訴之曰：<span class="zhuanming">高</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鮑</span>將不納君而立<span class="zhuanming">公子角</span>，<span class="zhuanming">國子</span>知之。<span class="zhuanming">角</span>，<span class="zhuanming">頃公</span>子。頃，音傾。秋七月壬寅，刖<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>而逐<span class="zhuanming">高無咎</span>。<span class="zhuanming">無咎</span>奔<span class="zhuanming">莒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高弱</span>以<span class="zhuanming">盧</span>叛。<span class="zhuanming">弱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">無咎</span>子。<span class="zhuanming">盧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高氏</span>邑。<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人來召<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>而立之。<span class="zhuanming">國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">牽</span>之弟<span class="zhuanming">來</span>子。初，<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>去<span class="zhuanming">鮑氏</span>而<span class="zhuanming">來</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">施孝叔</span>臣。<span class="zhuanming">施氏</span>卜宰，<span class="zhuanming">匡句須</span>吉。卜立冢宰。句，其俱反，<span class="zhuanming">施氏</span>之宰，有百室之邑，與<span class="zhuanming">匡句須</span>邑，使爲宰，以讓<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>而致邑焉。<span class="zhuanming">施孝叔</span>曰：子實吉。對曰：能與忠良，吉孰大焉？<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>相<span class="zhuanming">施氏</span>忠，故<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人取以爲<span class="zhuanming">鮑氏</span>後。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00511','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P511</span></i>「<span class="zhuanming">鮑莊子</span>之知不如葵，葵猶能衛其足。」葵須葉向日，以蔽其根。言<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>居亂，不能危行言孫，重言吉孰大焉三。前見<span class="zhuanming">閔</span>元年﹑<span class="zhuanming">僖</span>二十五年。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>之於<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>也，如石投於水也。嘗一日<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>索<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>，欲害之，<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>不使而得之，蓋聖人不欲陷人於罪中也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3129" id="3120">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若使得害，必沉地獄也。</span> <span>雖<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>刳腸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">提婆菩薩</span>造<span class="shuming">百論</span>破外道，後弟子不在，被外道破其腹。菩薩以衣鉢授外道，教之速走：「我弟子未得法忍者當害爾。」後果追之，不及<a class="zhuhao" href="#3130" id="3121">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">師子</span>斷頸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">第二十四祖<span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>國王斷其頭，而臂落也。</span> <span>皆以外難未夷，中心若厲。或順化之不足，逆化之；或生化之不足，死化之。咸致命而無怨<a class="zhuhao" href="#3131" id="3122">〔四〕</a>，不歸咎於有德。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">豈以非理妄加有德也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【厲】惡疾也。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：夕惕若厲。</span> <span>觀第六祖得信衣，若履虎畏噬，懷璧懼殘<a class="zhuhao" href="#3132" id="3123">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">虞叔</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">周</span>諺曰：『匹夫無罪，懷璧其罪。』吾焉用此？以賈害也？」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【噬】音逝，齧也。<span class="shuming">易</span>是咥字。</span> <span>周慞道路，脅息草澤<a class="zhuhao" href="#3133" id="3124">〔六〕</a>，今慮傳者謬也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>云：「五祖付信衣，密與<span class="zhuanming">慧能</span>行者。󲳴走避路，野息至<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>。遇<span class="zhuanming">印宗法師</span>，方爲剃髮也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【周慞】周，至也；慞，懼也。【脅】虚葉切，胸脅也。</span> <span>夫得道者喪我也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3134" id="3125">〔七〕</a>，喪我者兼喪於萬物也，何衣之所在而保於己耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道本由心，豈在乎衣？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【喪】去聲，亡也。</span> <span>夫裘者道濟歟？固不競也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3135" id="3126">〔八〕</a>。不濟歟？固無所用也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人若見道，何假裘乎？若未得道，獲衣何用？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濟】成也。</span> <span>尋金木以討逐<a class="zhuhao" href="#3136" id="3127">〔九〕</a>，將何事歟？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3119" id="3128">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">成公十七年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>通于<span class="zhuanming">聲孟子</span>，與婦人蒙衣乘輦而入于閎。<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>見之，以告<span class="zhuanming">國武子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">武子</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00512','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P512</span></i>召<span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>而謂之。<span class="zhuanming">慶克</span>久不出，而告夫人曰：『<span class="zhuanming">國子</span>謫我！』夫人怒。<span class="zhuanming">國子</span>相<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>以會，<span class="zhuanming">高</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鮑</span>處守。及還，將至，閉門而索客。<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>訴之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">高</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鮑</span>將不納君，而立<span class="zhuanming">公子角</span>。<span class="zhuanming">國子</span>知之。』秋七月壬寅，刖<span class="zhuanming">鮑牽</span>而逐<span class="zhuanming">高無咎</span>。<span class="zhuanming">無咎</span>奔<span class="zhuanming">莒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">高弱</span>以<span class="zhuanming">盧</span>叛。<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人來召<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>而立之。……初，<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>去<span class="zhuanming">鮑氏</span>而來爲<span class="zhuanming">施孝叔</span>臣。<span class="zhuanming">施氏</span>卜宰，<span class="zhuanming">匡句須</span>吉。<span class="zhuanming">施氏</span>之宰有百室之邑。與<span class="zhuanming">匡句須</span>邑，使爲宰，以讓<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>而致邑焉。<span class="zhuanming">施孝叔</span>曰：『子實吉。』對曰：『能與忠良，吉孰大焉！』<span class="zhuanming">鮑國</span>相<span class="zhuanming">施氏</span>忠，故<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人取以爲<span class="zhuanming">鮑氏</span>後。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">鮑莊子</span>之知不如葵，葵猶能衛其足。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3120" id="3129">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷九<span class="shuming">佛圖澄傳</span>：「時<span class="zhuanming">石勒</span>屯兵<span class="zhuanming">葛陂</span>，專以殺戮爲威。沙門遇害者甚衆。……<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>欲試<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>，夜冠胄衣甲，執刀而坐，遣人告<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>云：『夜來不知大將軍所在。』使人始至，未及有言。<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>逆問曰：『平居無寇，何故夜嚴？』<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>益敬之。<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>後因忿欲害諸道士，並欲苦<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>。<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>乃避至<span class="zhuanming">黑略</span>舍，告弟子曰：『若將軍信至，問吾所在者，報云不知所之。』信人尋至，覓<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>不得。使還報<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>，<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>驚曰：『吾有惡意向聖人，聖人捨我去矣。』通夜不寢，思欲見<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>。<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>知<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>意悔，明旦造<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>。<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>曰：『昨夜何行？』<span class="zhuanming">澄</span>曰：『公有怒心，昨故權避。公今改意，是以敢來。』<span class="zhuanming">勒</span>大笑曰：『道人謬耳。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3121" id="3130">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>：佛教中觀派創始人<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>的弟子，禪宗西天第十五代祖師。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷五○<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">提婆菩薩</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">提婆菩薩</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>弟子，婆羅門種也。博識淵攬，才辯絶倫，擅名<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，爲諸國所推。」以智辯著稱，常與外道辯論，後被外道殺害。「有一邪道弟子，凶頑無智。耻其師屈，形雖隨衆，心結怨忿，齧刀自誓：『汝以口勝伏我，我當以刀勝伏汝。汝以空刀困我，我以實刀困汝。』作是誓已，挾一利刀，伺求其便。諸方論士，英傑都盡。<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>於是出就閑林，造<span class="shuming">百論</span>二十品，又造<span class="shuming">四百論</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00513','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P513</span></i>以破邪見。其諸弟子，各各散諸樹下，坐禪思惟。<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>從禪覺經行，婆羅門弟子來到其邊，執刀窮之，曰：『汝以口破我師，何如我以刀破汝腹？』即以刀决之，五藏委地，命未絶間，湣此愚賊而告之曰：『吾有三衣鉢釪，在吾坐處，汝可取之，急上山去，慎勿下就平道。我諸弟子未得法忍者，必當捉汝，或當相得送汝於官。……』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3122" id="3131">〔四〕</a>致命：獻出生命，猶捐軀。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">困</span>：「君子以致命遂志。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3123" id="3132">〔五〕</a>信衣：佛教禪宗師徒傳法，以法衣爲憑信，因稱法衣爲「信衣」。　履虎：踩踏虎尾。喻身蹈危境。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">履</span>：「履虎尾，不咥人，亨。」<span class="zhuanming">王弼</span>注：「履虎尾者，言其危也。」　懷璧：比喻多財招禍或懷才遭忌。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">桓公十年</span>：「初，<span class="zhuanming">虞叔</span>有玉，<span class="zhuanming">虞公</span>求旃。弗獻。既而悔之，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">周</span>諺有之：「匹夫無罪，懷璧其罪。」吾焉用此，其以賈害也？』乃獻之。又求其寶劍。<span class="zhuanming">叔</span>曰：『是無厭也。無厭，將及我。』遂伐<span class="zhuanming">虞公</span>。故<span class="zhuanming">虞公</span>出奔<span class="zhuanming">共池</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「人利其璧，以璧爲罪。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3124" id="3133">〔六〕</a>周慞：驚恐，遑遽，多作「周章」。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">左思</span><span class="shuming">吴都賦</span>：「輕禽狡獸，周章夷猶。」<span class="zhuanming">劉良</span>注：「周章夷猶，恐懼不知所之也。」　脅息：斂縮氣息。<span class="shuming">墨子</span><span class="shuming">兼愛中</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">楚靈王</span>好士細要，故<span class="zhuanming">靈王</span>之臣，皆以一飯爲節，脇息然後帶，扶牆然後起。」後多表示恐懼。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一九<span class="zhuanming">宋玉</span><span class="shuming">高唐賦</span>：「股戰脅息，安敢妄摯。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「脅息，猶翕息也。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">酷吏傳</span><span class="shuming">嚴延年</span>：「豪彊脅息，野無行盜。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「脅，斂也，屏氣而息。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3125" id="3134">〔七〕</a>得道：佛教謂修行戒﹑定﹑慧三學而發斷惑證理之智爲得道，然後可以成佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3126" id="3135">〔八〕</a>裘：皮衣。這裏指法衣。　競：競逐，争奪。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「競，彊語也。一曰逐也。」不競即不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00514','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P514</span></i>争逐。<span class="shuming">管子</span>卷七<span class="shuming">大匡</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>）謂<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>曰：『吾士既練，吾兵既多，寡人欲服<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>喟然歎曰：『<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>危矣！君不競於德而競於兵。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3127" id="3136">〔九〕</a>金木：刑具。金謂金屬刑具，木謂木制刑具。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">列禦寇</span>：「宵人之離外刑者，金木訊之；離内刑者，陰陽食之。」　討逐：搜求﹑追捕。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷八二上<span class="shuming">郭憲傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">莽</span>陰奇之。及後篡位，拜<span class="zhuanming">憲</span>郎中，賜以衣服。<span class="zhuanming">憲</span>受衣，焚之，逃于<span class="zhuanming">東海</span>之濱。<span class="zhuanming">莽</span>深忿恚，討逐不知所在。」</span> </p><p> <span>異説曰：罪福所原<a class="zhuhao" href="#3141" id="3137">〔一〕</a>，唯心而已矣。心滅無爲，道居無事。不禮讚，不講誦，真無爲也；不祈戒，不護罪，真離相也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3142" id="3138">〔二〕</a>。有説有行，心有所知，聲聞法也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">講説讀誦，禪師呼爲聲聞法，皆有爲也。</span> <span>由是除像設，去經法，方稱曰頓門<a class="zhuhao" href="#3143" id="3139">〔三〕</a>。如有所説自我襟臆，臨文裁斷<a class="zhuhao" href="#3144" id="3140">〔四〕</a>，何俟章句疏論耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">則今之臨機問答言句也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3137" id="3141">〔一〕</a>原：起源。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3138" id="3142">〔二〕</a>禮讚：謂禮拜三寶而讚其功德。亦謂僧徒歌詠讚佛。　離相：謂離開色相。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3139" id="3143">〔三〕</a>像設：佛供像。　頓門：頓悟法門。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3140" id="3144">〔四〕</a>襟臆：胸臆，心裏的想法。　裁斷：作出判斷或决定。<span class="shuming">百喻經</span>卷四<span class="shuming">爲二婦故喪其兩目喻</span>：「昔有一人，聘取二婦，若近其一，爲一所瞋，不能裁斷，便在二婦中間正身仰卧。」</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：甚哉頓也！雖構似聖人之言，未幾聖人之道也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">幾，近也。言句雖似聖人之言，所行之道，未近聖人之道也。</span> <span>夫所知與於同者，同若迷也；與若異者，反謂迷於若也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00515','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P515</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu">若，汝也。今與汝同者，則是與汝同迷也；若與汝異者，則謂迷於汝之道也。</span> <span>耆耋哀之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3146" id="3145">〔一〕</a>，蒙孺信之。安可已乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">耆耋，老也。蒙孺，幼也。宿老者哀之，愚少者信用之，故重於世。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【耆耋】上音祁，長也，老也。<span class="shuming">禮記音義</span>云：至也。言至死境也；下音迭，老八十爲耋。【蒙孺】蒙者無以教天下曰蒙。<span class="shuming">方言</span>曰孺。下而遇切，稚也，乳子也，尚小也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3145" id="3146">〔一〕</a>耆：六十歲以上的人。　耋：七八十歲的年紀。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「人生十年曰幼，學。二十曰弱，冠。三十曰壯，有室。四十曰强，而仕。五十曰艾，服官政。六十曰耆，指使。七十曰老，而傳。八十九十曰耄。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">射義</span>：「幼壯孝母，耆耋好禮。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「耆﹑耋皆老也。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫無爲者，虚融寂泊，無善不爲。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">離礙曰虚，洞照名融，超煩稱寂，澹然爲泊。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泊】澹泊也。音拍。</span> <span>苟以禮誦繕刻爲礙，彼見有爲，非於無爲也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若以禮讚，圖刻佛像，礙於無爲，則是有爲。今見有此相，則是有爲也，非無爲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【繕刻】上補也，補塑故像也。又，寫經曰繕；下苦得切，雕鏤也。【彼見】執著曰見。</span> <span>離相者，照達色心<a class="zhuhao" href="#3153" id="3147">〔一〕</a>，無相可得，無得而得，去著稱離。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">於所觀相，若無取著，則是成就離相之道也。</span> <span>若以不受戒﹑捨持護而爲離相，彼固取相，何離相也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3154" id="3148">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若須是除受戒絶護持，方名離相者，則卻是執著除去之相也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不授戒】宜此受字。領納期日，受戒即牒前不祈戒也。</span> <span>聲聞法者，承佛聲教，猒苦欣滅，孤慧獨穎，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孤慧單空智斷煩惱障，證󲳴空理也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【穎】餘頃切，穎拔也。</span> <span>無善兼他，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">唯脩自利<a class="zhuhao" href="#3155" id="3149">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>非講誦者有聲謂聲聞法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00516','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P516</span></i>也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋晚慕者不達聲聞之義。</span> <span>頓門者，不假二乘之漸<a class="zhuhao" href="#3156" id="3150">〔四〕</a>，直轡無生之路。行普均之化，興廣大之業，是謂頓也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃頓悟大乘，不由中小之徑。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【頓】徒然。【漸】次也，大由小起曰漸。</span> <span>非杌然絶照，詆訶萬善爲頓門也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3157" id="3151">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">豈可默然無修，不營一善，謂之頓門？則與北州<span class="zhuanming">無想天</span>等何别也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3158" id="3152">〔六〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【杌】五骨切，樹無枝也。【詆訶】上都禮切，訶也，訾也；下呼多切，大言怒也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3147" id="3153">〔一〕</a>色心：色指有形的物質，心指無形的精神。<span class="shuming">佛説仁王般若波羅蜜經</span>卷上<span class="shuming">序品</span>：「色心是衆生根本。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3148" id="3154">〔二〕</a>離相：謂離開色相，離一切虚妄之相。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3149" id="3155">〔三〕</a>聲聞：聞佛言教悟苦﹑集﹑滅﹑道四諦而得道者。　自利：佛教以自求菩提爲自利。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3150" id="3156">〔四〕</a>二乘：聲聞乘和緣覺乘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3151" id="3157">〔五〕</a>杌然：渾然無知﹑癡呆貌。　詆訶：詆毁。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3152" id="3158">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">無想天</span>：無想的衆生所居住的天，在<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>之<span class="zhuanming">第四禪天</span>。<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷五：「無想有情居在何處？居在<span class="zhuanming">廣果</span>。謂<span class="zhuanming">廣果天</span>中有高勝處，如中間静慮，名<span class="zhuanming">無想天</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫聖人之教，機緣不一<a class="zhuhao" href="#3164" id="3159">〔一〕</a>，應變萬差，或言流而理直，或首權而終實。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故契經者，應根逗教，有頓有漸，有權有實，有半有滿，豈可不習而知？</span> <span>況詁訓音韻，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>魚魯，須禀承有匠<a class="zhuhao" href="#3165" id="3160">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">學不憑師，孤陋寡聞。</span> <span>尋閲有功。豈於文字未識，便不思而説，不慮而對？妄涉虚玄，流俗則謂之爲奥；或則以才力奬之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3166" id="3161">〔三〕</a>，致使其徒自媚。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因以供饍招誘，遂使遞相奬<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00517','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P517</span></i>善。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【自媚】自見其美。</span> <span>若以彼有定力所知，能説佛經者，何莫試以異典？觀其吐納<a class="zhuhao" href="#3167" id="3162">〔四〕</a>，曲直自彰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若言彼以定力加資，不學自知，則可試將儒典問之，則知可否。</span> <span>且夫稱儒而不傳習者，亦賢儒之所病也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3168" id="3163">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">傳不習乎？<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>所病。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3159" id="3164">〔一〕</a>機緣：謂衆生信受佛法的根機和因緣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3160" id="3165">〔二〕</a>魚魯：謂將魚誤爲魯。泛指文字錯訛。　禀承：承受，聽命。　有匠：在某方面造詣高深的人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3161" id="3166">〔三〕</a>虚玄：虚幻玄妙。　才力：才能，能力。<span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span><span class="shuming">報任少卿書</span>：「所以自惟，上之不能納忠效信，有奇策才力之譽。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3162" id="3167">〔四〕</a>吐納：談吐。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷二一上<span class="shuming">元樹傳</span>：「美姿貌，善吐納，兼有將略。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3163" id="3168">〔五〕</a>傳習：傳授和學習。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">學而</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『吾日三省吾身：爲人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span>或曰：「興善動行，彌益其妄。如晞陽斥影<a class="zhuhao" href="#3172" id="3169">〔一〕</a>，加樵罷鼎，誠乃務兹之道，豈是息滅之道歟？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若言只以置善利作爲行門，不必教典者，則又不然。且教者示入善之逕路，不習安知？今欲行善而除棄教典，其猶維日而欲去影，歇鼎沸而更加薪，是知不可也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【晞】音希，日氣乾也，燥也。【斥】去也。【加樵罷鼎】加，增添也；樵，柴木也；罷，音皮，止也。烹煮之器曰鼎也。【務兹】上趣也。疑滋多也。</span> <span>曰：「彼蓋不知執事浄命<a class="zhuhao" href="#3173" id="3170">〔二〕</a>，以聲止聲；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今以有經典引歸，令識無相，猶如執事經<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00518','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P518</span></i>典，以乾稚之聲鳴之，以静衆聲也。</span> <span>良醫之家，以毒止毒也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故經者亦名醍醐，亦名毒藥，如附子﹑狼毒等，本是毒藥，今良醫令服之，又能除毒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3174" id="3171">〔三〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3169" id="3172">〔一〕</a>晞陽：曬太陽。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3170" id="3173">〔二〕</a>浄命：正當﹑清浄的生活方法。比丘離四種邪命法而清浄生活，即八正道中之正命。亦謂以清浄之心爲生命。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3171" id="3174">〔三〕</a>醍醐：一種从牛乳精鍊的美味食品，佛經以喻佛法。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三：「夫醍醐者，名爲世間第一上味。」又卷一四：「善男子，譬如從牛出乳，從乳出酪，從酪出生穌，從生穌出熟穌，從熟穌出醍醐，醍醐最上，若有服者，衆病皆除，所有諸藥，悉入其中。善男子，佛亦如是，從佛出生十二部經，從十二部經出修多羅，從修多羅出方等經，從方等經出般若波羅蜜，從般若波羅蜜出大涅槃，猶如醍醐。言醍醐者，喻於佛性，佛性者即是如來。」</span> </p><p> <span>異説云：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">代宗</span>朝，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">唐肅宗</span>之子，名<span class="zhuanming">豫</span>，改元<span class="zhuanming">寶應</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皇代宗】皇是唐字。<span class="zhuanming">唐宣宗</span>避難時，在<span class="zhuanming">黄蘗山</span>被<span class="zhuanming">黄蘗</span>三度以手試批頰。後<span class="zhuanming">宣宗</span>履位，詔見<span class="zhuanming">黄蘗</span>，師慠然無卑。敬，<span class="zhuanming">宣宗</span>錫號<span class="zhuanming">麁行沙門</span>。<span class="shuming">雪竇頌</span>曰：凛凛孤風不自誇，端居寰宇定龍蛇。<span class="zhuanming">太中</span>天子曾輕觸，三度親遭弄爪牙。</span> <span>有大禪客，糠粃禮樂，跆藉勢貴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3177" id="3175">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">跆，踏也。藉，鋪也。猶言踐踏之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跆籍】上音臺，下秦昔切。跆籍，猶暴侮也。</span> <span>蓬茨金門，蟻垤帝居<a class="zhuhao" href="#3178" id="3176">〔二〕</a>，故對至尊，其色慠如，其詞訐如，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">訐直而無禮也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蓬茨】蓬草茅茨。【蟻垤】下音耋，蟻封也。【訐】居列切，發人私也。</span> <span>心勇氣奮，苟無生死，可謂真有道<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00519','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P519</span></i>乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【奮】揚也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3175" id="3177">〔一〕</a>糠粃：穀皮和癟穀。引申爲視作糠粃。　跆藉：亦作「跆籍」，踐踏，猶凌越，輕慢。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四七<span class="zhuanming">夏侯湛</span><span class="shuming">東方朔畫贊</span>：「凌轢卿相，謿哂豪桀，籠罩靡前，跆籍貴勢。」<span class="zhuanming">張銑</span>注：「跆籍，猶殘暴也。言不畏貴勢之士也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3176" id="3178">〔二〕</a>蓬茨：用蓬草作頂的房屋。　蟻垤：蟻穴外隆起的小土堆。這裏都做意動詞，以金門﹑帝居爲蓬茨﹑蟻垤也。</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：此乃稱勇不稱道也。凡不義之勇，謀道以損之。既不能損，則其道可知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">好勇不好學，其蔽也。賊又勇而無禮，則亂。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【稱】平（呼），説也。</span> <span>嘗有俚人之子，稱其父有筋力，有口顙<a class="zhuhao" href="#3180" id="3179">〔一〕</a>，凌祖考以爲德。鄉豪畏之，鄰伍避之。其衒彌多，其過彌彰也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俚】强也，鄙也。【凌】犯也。【祖考】父尊曰祖考。考有成德之美也。【鄰伍】五家爲鄰，五人爲伍。【彌】益也。【彰】顯也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3179" id="3180">〔一〕</a>筋力：猶體力。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮上</span>：「貧者不以貨財爲禮，老者不以筋力爲禮。」　顙：喉嚨。有口顙謂其擅長説理。</span> </p><p> <span>夫稱有道者，色温而言澤，氣柔而心遠。雖欲悛人之惡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">悛，改也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【悛】音筌，改也。</span> <span>亦優柔而諷誘之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3184" id="3181">〔一〕</a>。故於知我者示乎知，不知我者示乎不知。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">邦有道則行，邦無道，則卷而懷之。又「用之則行，捨之則藏」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3185" id="3182">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【優柔】優，閑雅也；柔，順也。【諷誘】上刺也，下<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00520','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P520</span></i>音酉，導也，引也，教也。</span> <span>不悦人之不己知，不愠人之不己知<a class="zhuhao" href="#3186" id="3183">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人不知而不愠。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愠】怒也，不悦人之有己知。言他人有知己者，我不悦之；他人若不知我者，我不愠之。故<span class="shuming">語</span>曰「人不知」等。有云不悦人之不知，是惡他不知己，悮也。子曰「不患人之不己知」等也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3181" id="3184">〔一〕</a>優柔：寬和温厚。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷三<span class="shuming">周語下</span>：「布憲施舍於百姓，故謂之<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>亂，所以優柔容民。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「柔，安也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3182" id="3185">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「子曰：『直哉<span class="zhuanming">史魚</span>！邦有道，如矢；邦無道，如矢。君子哉<span class="zhuanming">蘧伯玉</span>！邦有道，則仕；邦無道，則可卷而懷之。』」　<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「子謂<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>曰：『用之則行，捨之則藏，唯我與爾有是夫！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3183" id="3186">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">學而</span>：「子曰：『學而時習之，不亦説乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>遊諸國，伏護財醉象，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>令<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>放護財醉象，欲害<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>於五指端化五師子，而醉象跪伏<a class="zhuhao" href="#3191" id="3187">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span>制曠野鬼神，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">又曠野鬼常噉人小兒，一日得一小兒。唱南無佛，鬼則不能食。佛化火山，四面周匝圍之。鬼盡其力不能得出，遂心皈向佛，誓不食人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3192" id="3188">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>未嘗庭辱<span class="zhuanming">波斯</span>，面折<span class="zhuanming">闍王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3193" id="3189">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">國王每至佛會，佛皆先云「善來大王」，如是軟言問訅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3194" id="3190">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【波斯面】<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>言和悦。</span> <span>雖德尊神化，而不傷於國君之禮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3187" id="3191">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">雜寶藏經</span>卷八<span class="shuming">提婆達多放護財醉象欲害佛緣</span>：「佛在<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>。爾時<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>放護財醉象，欲得害<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00521','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P521</span></i>佛。五百羅漢，皆飛虚空。唯有<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，獨在佛後。佛時舉右手，護財白象見五百師子。象時恐怖，即便調順。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3188" id="3192">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">雜寶藏經</span>卷八<span class="shuming">大力士化曠野群賊緣</span>：「（大力士）作化生鬼，放大毒氣，多殺人衆。往至中間，有智之人，共求鬼言：『汝今自殺無量人民，食肉不盡。唐使臭爛，願聽我等。殺諸牛馬，日以一人，供給於汝。』於是國中皆共拔籌，人當一日。如是次第，到一長者<span class="zhuanming">拔須陀羅</span>。<span class="zhuanming">須陀羅</span>生一男兒，福德端政，次應鬼食。長者念言：『<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>出世，拔濟一切苦惱衆生，唯願<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，救護我子今日之厄。』佛在<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，知長者心，即便來向曠野鬼神宫殿中坐。曠野鬼神，來見<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，極大嗔恚，而語佛言：『沙門出去。』佛便出去，鬼適入宫，佛復還入。如是三返，至第四過，佛不爲出。鬼作此言：『若不出者，使汝心顛倒。當捉汝脚，擲<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>裏。』佛語之言：『我不見世間若天魔<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>有能捉我作如是者。』曠野鬼言：『如是如是，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>聽我，使問四事，當爲我説。一者誰能渡駛流？二者誰能渡大海？三者誰能捨諸苦？四者誰能得清浄？』佛即答言：『信能渡駛流，不放逸者能渡大海，精進能捨苦，智慧能得清浄。』聞是語已，即歸依佛，爲佛弟子。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3189" id="3193">〔三〕</a>面折：當面批評﹑指責。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">汲鄭列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">黯</span>爲人性倨，少禮，面折，不能容人之過。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3190" id="3194">〔四〕</a>善來：<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛徒歡迎來人之辭。<span class="shuming">南海寄歸内法傳</span>卷三：「西方寺衆多爲制法，凡見新來，無論客舊及弟子門人舊人，即須迎前唱『莎揭哆』，譯曰『善來』。」　訅：安。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>適於<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>與語，見飛雁過，仰視之，色不在<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>行，但避<span class="zhuanming">衛</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3196" id="3195">〔一〕</a>。君之不篤於我，非流言以逞志也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【逞】通也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00522','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P522</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3195" id="3196">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「明日，與<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>語，見蜚雁，仰視之，色不在<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>遂行，復如<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>有國如<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>，有心如<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>，其强如<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>，而虎視於天下，一朝爲<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>按劒，復<span class="zhuanming">鄢郢</span>之地；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">鄢郢</span>，誤也，是<span class="zhuanming">鄢陵</span>也。則<span class="zhuanming">潁川</span><span class="zhuanming">鄢陵縣</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，後許以千里地易<span class="zhuanming">鄢陵君</span>五十里地，<span class="zhuanming">鄢陵君</span>令<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>使<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>。<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>曰：「寡人以十倍之地易之，而逆寡人。何也？」<span class="zhuanming">雎</span>對曰：「非敢此也。<span class="zhuanming">鄢陵君</span>先王而守之，雖千里，不易也。」<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>勃然怒曰：「子聞天子怒乎？伏尸百萬，流血千里。」<span class="zhuanming">雎</span>曰：「大王聞布衣怒乎？伏尸二人，流血五步。天下縞素，今日是也。」按劒而起。<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>變色而謝之：「先生何至於此？寡人諭矣。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3200" id="3197">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【唐雎】人名也。<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>按劒者，<span class="shuming">史略</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3201" id="3198">〔二〕</a>云：<span class="zhuanming">秦惠王</span>以五百里易<span class="zhuanming">陵君</span>五十里地，辭而不受，使<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>入<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>謝。王曰：<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>破<span class="zhuanming">韓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>而<span class="zhuanming">陵君</span>獨在者，寡人豈畏乎？直自宜爾。今以十倍易之不受，何也？如注詳其悮。【鄢郢】上音焉，下力膺切，今之<span class="zhuanming">鄢郢縣</span>是也。<span class="shuming">録</span>是郢字，悮。<span class="shuming">史略</span>云<span class="zhuanming">隱陵君</span>，未知誰是，請詳。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">相如</span>睨柱，歸<span class="zhuanming">邯鄲</span>之璧。莫能奈其勇也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">趙國</span>有<span class="zhuanming">卞和</span>璧，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>欲以十五城易之。<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>遣<span class="zhuanming">藺相如</span>進璧，<span class="zhuanming">秦昭王</span>得璧而不割地。<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>詐云有瑕，取而指之，因倚柱不還：「請割地而齊五日，方受璧。王若急臣，臣則頭璧俱碎。」王懼碎璧，而不敢加害，璧竟歸<span class="zhuanming">趙</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3202" id="3199">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【睨柱】上莫計切，睥睨，左右視也。睥，普計切，左睥右睨也。【有瑕】有敢悮也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3197" id="3200">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">戰國策</span><span class="shuming">魏策四</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>使人謂<span class="zhuanming">安陵君</span>曰：『寡人欲以五百里之地易<span class="zhuanming">安陵</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安陵君</span>其許寡人！』<span class="zhuanming">安陵君</span>曰：『大王加惠，以大易小，甚善；雖然，受地於先王，願終守之，弗敢易！』<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>不説。<span class="zhuanming">安陵君</span>因使<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>使於<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>曰：『寡人以五百里之地易<span class="zhuanming">安陵</span>，<span class="zhuanming">安陵君</span>不聽寡人，何也？且<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>滅<span class="zhuanming">韓</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00523','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P523</span></i>亡<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，而君以五十里之地存者，以君爲長者，故不錯意也。今吾以十倍之地請廣於君，而君逆寡人者，輕寡人與？』<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>對曰：『否，非若是也。<span class="zhuanming">安陵君</span>受地於先王而守之，雖千里不敢易也，豈直五百里哉？』<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>弗然怒，謂<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>曰：『公亦嘗聞天子之怒乎？』<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>對曰：『臣未嘗聞也。』<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>曰：『天子之怒，伏尸百萬，流血千里。』<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>曰：『大王嘗聞布衣之怒乎？』<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>曰：『布衣之怒，亦免冠徒跣，以頭搶地爾。』<span class="zhuanming">唐雎</span>曰：『此庸夫之怒也，非士之怒也。夫<span class="zhuanming">專諸</span>之刺<span class="zhuanming">王僚</span>也，彗星襲月；<span class="zhuanming">聶政</span>之刺<span class="zhuanming">韓傀</span>也，白虹貫日；<span class="zhuanming">要離</span>之刺<span class="zhuanming">慶忌</span>也，倉鷹擊於殿上。此三子者，皆布衣之士也，懷怒未發，休祲降於天，與臣而將四矣。若士必怒，伏尸二人，流血五步，天下縞素，今日是也。』挺劍而起。<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>色撓，長跪而謝之曰：『先生坐！何至於此！寡人諭矣：夫<span class="zhuanming">韓</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>滅亡，而<span class="zhuanming">安陵</span>以五十里之地存者，徒以有先生也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3198" id="3201">〔二〕</a>略：原誤作「累」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3199" id="3202">〔三〕</a>睨：斜視。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷四上：「睨，衺視也。」　<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">廉頗藺相如列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">趙惠文王</span>時，得<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>璧。<span class="zhuanming">秦昭王</span>聞之，使人遺<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>書，願以十五城請易璧。……<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>奉璧西入<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>坐<span class="zhuanming">章臺</span>見<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>，<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>奉璧奏<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>。<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>大喜，傳以示美人及左右，左右皆呼萬歲。<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>視<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>無意償<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>城，乃前曰：『璧有瑕，請指示王。』王授璧，<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>因持璧卻立，倚柱，怒髮上衝冠，謂<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>曰：『大王欲得璧，使人發書至<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>悉召群臣議，皆曰「<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>貪，負其彊，以空言求璧，償城恐不可得」。議不欲予<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>璧。臣以爲布衣之交尚不相欺，況大國乎！且以一璧之故逆彊<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之驩，不可。於是<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>乃齋戒五日，使臣奉璧，拜送書於庭。何者？嚴大國之威以修敬也。今臣至，大王見臣列觀，禮節甚倨；得璧，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00524','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P524</span></i>傳之美人，以戲弄臣。臣觀大王無意償<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>城邑，故臣復取璧。大王必欲急臣，臣頭今與璧俱碎於柱矣！』<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>持其璧睨柱，欲以擊柱。<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>恐其破璧，乃辭謝固請，召有司案圖，指從此以往十五都予<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>。<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>度<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>特以詐詳爲予<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>城，實不可得，乃謂<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">和氏</span>璧，天下所共傳寶也，<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>恐，不敢不獻。<span class="zhuanming">趙王</span>送璧時，齋戒五日，今大王亦宜齋戒五日，設九賓於廷，臣乃敢上璧。』<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>度之，終不可彊奪，遂許齋五日，舍<span class="zhuanming">相如</span><span class="zhuanming">廣成</span>傳舍。<span class="zhuanming">相如</span>度<span class="zhuanming">秦王</span>雖齋，决負約不償城，乃使其從者衣褐，懷其璧，從徑道亡，歸璧于<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>撤宫闈之制，恣沙門遊踐。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宫闈】宫中門也。宫闌字悮。</span> <span>有司以御座非沙門宜登，<span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>悖然踞座，厲色抗聲曰：「貧道昔爲<span class="zhuanming">吴中</span><span class="zhuanming">顧郎</span>，尚不慙御榻。況復乃祖<span class="zhuanming">定光金輪</span>之<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">乃，我也。我乃<span class="zhuanming">定光如來</span>之子孫也。</span> <span>檀越若殺貧道，不慮無受生之處。若付尚方，獄不妨行道。」流俗以爲能跨略天子，高岸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門<a class="zhuhao" href="#3207" id="3203">〔一〕</a>，君子則不然也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跨略】上苦化切，越也；下禮簡曰略。【岸】慠岸也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁朝</span>皇綱既弛，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">弛，紊也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弛】音豕，放也。</span> <span>庶事隳哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3208" id="3204">〔二〕</a>，唯餘一御榻，受制可也。<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>嘗欲御僧官，敕主者徧令許者署名，其時無敢抗者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【署】常恐也，書也。</span> <span>逮疏聞<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>以筆横轢之曰：「佛法大海，非俗人所知。」帝覽之不以介意<a class="zhuhao" href="#3209" id="3205">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【轢】洛﹑曆二音，車所踐也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">書</span>曰：「御衆以寬，臨下以簡。」此<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>之化也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3210" id="3206">〔四〕</a>。夫寬而以簡，守之則人安；寬而不簡，則法之亂<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00525','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P525</span></i>矣。當<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>世寬而不簡不亂，何待彼<span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>？雖幸其無法，豈不畏後世簡書乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">簡策之書。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3203" id="3207">〔一〕</a>受生：投生，投胎。　尚方：繫罪囚之地。<span class="shuming">宋書</span>卷九四<span class="shuming">恩倖傳</span><span class="shuming">戴法興</span>：「上大怒，賜<span class="zhuanming">敬</span>死，繫<span class="zhuanming">明寶</span>尚方。」　跨略：猶超越。　高岸：傲岸嚴峻。<span class="shuming">北齊書</span>卷二<span class="shuming">神武帝紀下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">神武</span>性深密高岸，終日儼然，人不能測，機權之際，變化若神。」　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">智藏傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋智藏</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">顧氏</span>，本名<span class="zhuanming">浄藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span><span class="zhuanming">吴</span>人。……時<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>崇信<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門，宫闕恣其遊踐。主者以負扆南面，域中一人。議以御坐之法，唯天子所升，沙門一不沾預。<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>聞之勃然厲色，即入金門，上正殿，踞法座，抗聲曰：『貧道昔爲<span class="zhuanming">吴中</span><span class="zhuanming">顧郎</span>，尚不慚御榻，況復乃祖<span class="zhuanming">定光金輪</span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子也。檀越若殺貧道即殺，不慮無受生之處。若付在尚方，獄中不妨行道。』即拂衣而起。帝遂罷敕，任從前法。斯跨略天子，高岸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門，皆此類也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3204" id="3208">〔二〕</a>皇綱：朝廷的綱紀。　庶：各種。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3205" id="3209">〔三〕</a>轢：敲打。　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五<span class="shuming">智藏傳</span>：「逮<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">大同</span>中，敬重三寶，利動昏心。澆波之儔，肆情下達。僧正憲網，無施於過門。帝欲自御僧官，維任法侣，敕主書遍令許者署名。于時盛哲，無敢抗者，匿然投筆。後以疏聞<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">藏</span>以筆横轢之告曰：『佛法大海，非俗人所知。』帝覽之不以介意，斯亦拒懷略萬乘季代一人。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3206" id="3210">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">大禹謨</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span>曰：『帝德罔愆，臨下以簡，御衆以寬；罰弗及嗣，賞延于世。宥過無大，刑故無小；罪疑惟輕，功疑惟重；與其殺不辜，寧失不經；好生之德，洽于民心，兹用不犯于有司。』」</span> </p><p> <span>異説云：吾師加趺，心在乎定，奄若蟬蜕，後人哀思，高塔厚葬，不亦盛乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3212" id="3211">〔一〕</a>！</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00526','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P526</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu">吾即吾禪門尊宿也。學人誇其坐化高塔厚葬之事。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【加趺】下音夫，累足大坐也。【蟬蜕】下悦﹑唾﹑退﹑税四音，去皮也。【塔】此云高顯。高顯其人之德望也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3211" id="3212">〔一〕</a>加趺：即「結跏趺坐」，亦作「結加趺坐」。佛教徒坐禪法，即交迭左右足背於左右股上而坐。分降魔坐與吉祥坐兩種：前者先以右趾押左股，後以左趾押右股，手亦左在上，諸禪宗多傳此坐；後者先以左趾押右股，後以右趾押左股，令二足掌仰放於二股之上，手亦右押左，安仰跏趺之上，相傳即<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>成正覺時坐法。　奄：氣息微弱。</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：君子諭於義，小人諭於利<a class="zhuhao" href="#3220" id="3213">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">諭，曉也。</span> <span>惟所詳也。若德行所致，或則哀榮；若曲以羶美，因其瓦合，矯其後計，則重繫其魂，沉乎賈譽之罪也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3221" id="3214">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若實以了達，去住無礙則可也。若素非真實，苟取後譽，矯誑凡俗，則重增没者之罪。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓦合】與從小合也。【矯誑】綸誰悮。</span> <span>夫事不飾則不尊，過則浮競<a class="zhuhao" href="#3222" id="3215">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有德而不彰，失於光顯末代；無德而矯飾，則涉於浮競也。</span> <span>故師顧言奢而求諸義<a class="zhuhao" href="#3223" id="3216">〔四〕</a>，師顧言薄亦求諸義，匪顧是信，唯義是信。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖有顧命之言，求合度而行之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【顧】命也。</span> <span>古者<span class="zhuanming">曹侯</span>命薄葬<a class="zhuhao" href="#3224" id="3217">〔五〕</a>，大夫曰：「國有常禮。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">奢以僭上，儉乃逼下，豐儉得中，是合常禮。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偪】與逼同。</span> <span>然有命暴尸者，雖欲利於飛走，而實無何戮其尸也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3225" id="3218">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">慧實</span>，囑露尸以施禽鳥者，其小惠未徧，何如善願以廣濟乎？又露之穢惡也。陳尸曰戮。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【暴尸】暴，日晞也，暴露也。露棄其尸，不殮藏也；下屍字，<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云：「在床曰尸。」骸也。</span> <span>居令德者，宜去此意。雖<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>將終之見，或未吾善也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3226" id="3219">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南遠</span>臨終，命施百鳥。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00527','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P527</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3213" id="3220">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">里仁</span>：「子曰：『君子喻於義，小人喻於利。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3214" id="3221">〔二〕</a>瓦合：形容臨時湊合。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">儒林列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陳涉</span>起匹夫，驅瓦合適戍，旬月以王<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">酈陸朱劉孫傳</span><span class="shuming">酈食其</span>：「足下起瓦合之卒，收散亂之兵，不滿萬人。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「瓦合，謂如破瓦之相合，雖曰聚合，而不齊同。」　賈譽：猶言沽名釣譽。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3215" id="3222">〔三〕</a>浮競：争名奪利。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷四○<span class="shuming">賈充傳</span>附<span class="shuming">賈謐傳</span>：「貴游豪戚及浮競之徒，莫不盡禮事之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3216" id="3223">〔四〕</a>顧言：指人臨終的遺言。相傳<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">顧命</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">周成王</span>臨終之遺命，故稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3217" id="3224">〔五〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span><span class="zhuanming">建安</span>十年下令禁厚葬。<span class="zhuanming">建安</span>二十五年<span class="shuming">遺令</span>云：「天下尚未安定，未得遵古也。吾有頭病，自先著幘。吾死之後，持大服如存時，勿遺。百官當臨殿中者，十五舉音，葬畢便除服。其將兵屯戍者，皆不得離屯部，有司各率乃職。斂以時服，葬于<span class="zhuanming">鄴</span>之<span class="zhuanming">西岡</span>上，與<span class="zhuanming">西門豹</span>祠相近，無藏金玉珠寶。吾婢妾與伎人皆勤苦，使著<span class="zhuanming">銅雀臺</span>，善待之。于臺上安六尺牀，施繐帳，朝脯上脯糒之屬，月旦﹑十五日，自朝至午，輒向帳中作伎樂。汝等時時登<span class="zhuanming">銅雀臺</span>，望吾<span class="zhuanming">西陵</span>墓田。餘香可分與諸夫人，不命祭。諸舍中無所爲，可學作組履賣也。吾歷官所得綬，皆著藏中。吾餘衣裘，可别爲一藏，不能者兄弟可共分之。」（録文據<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>本<span class="shuming">曹操集</span>）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3218" id="3225">〔六〕</a>飛走：飛禽走獸。　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一七<span class="shuming">慧實傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧實</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">許氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">潁川</span>人。少出家，志敦幽尚，遍履名山。<span class="zhuanming">梁末</span>遊步<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>，綜習禪業。入房閉户，出即蕩門。衣鉢隨身，惟留床席，寔輕清之丈夫也。<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>祚伊始，負錫龍盤。絶跡人世，五十餘年。貴尚頭陀，恒居宴默。自少及終，脅不親物。雖形衰年積，而精節之志，老而彌厲。以<span class="zhuanming">仁壽</span>四年八月二十三日，遷於<span class="zhuanming">蔣州</span><span class="zhuanming">履道寺</span>之房，春秋九十有<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00528','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P528</span></i>六。遺旨令屍陀北嶺，後收窆於山南。奉造三層磚塔，就而紀德。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3219" id="3226">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">釋慧遠</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>以凡夫之情難割，乃制七日展哀，遺命使露骸松下。既而弟子收葬。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫死者精神往矣，質何能知？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">藏識既往，便同無情。</span> <span>立與坐卧，孰爲優劣哉？故<span class="zhuanming">金河</span>右脅，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛在<span class="zhuanming">金沙河</span>，右脅而卧，入於涅槃。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">雞峰</span>累䏶，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">尊者<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>，奉持<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>袈裟，於<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>，至<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>出，奉袈裟已，作十八變。卻往<span class="zhuanming">雞足</span>，加趺入滅，化火焚身也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3232" id="3227">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧永</span>求屨始起<a class="zhuhao" href="#3233" id="3228">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">慧永</span>於牀前索屨而卒。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈叡</span>執卷就化<a class="zhuhao" href="#3234" id="3229">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">高僧<span class="zhuanming">靈叡</span>手執卷而卒。</span> <span>各任時而待盡，匪慕異而詭俗矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3235" id="3230">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">鄧隱峰</span>倒立而卒<a class="zhuhao" href="#3236" id="3231">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【任】平聲，委也。【鄧隱峰】禪祖名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3227" id="3232">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九<span class="shuming">摩揭陁國下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">屈屈吒播陁山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">雞足</span>。亦謂<span class="zhuanming">窶盧播陀山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">尊足</span>。………其後尊者<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉波</span>，居中寂滅，不敢指言，故言尊足。」<span class="shuming">毗婆沙論</span>卷一三五：「尊者<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉波</span>，入<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>最後乞食。食已未久，登<span class="zhuanming">雞足山</span>。山有三峰，如仰雞足，尊者入中，結跏趺坐。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3228" id="3233">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧永傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧永</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">潘</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河内</span>人也，年十二出家。……<span class="zhuanming">永</span>厲行精苦，願生西方。以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">義熙</span>十年，遇疾綿篤。而專謹戒律，執志愈勤。雖枕痾懷苦，顔色怡悦。未盡少時，忽斂衣合掌，求屣欲起，如有所見，衆咸驚問。答云：『佛來。』言終而卒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3229" id="3234">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一五<span class="shuming">靈睿傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋靈睿</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，本惟<span class="zhuanming">潁川</span>，流寓<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>部<span class="zhuanming">益昌</span>之<span class="zhuanming">陳鄉</span>人也。……至二十年八月二十一日四更，大風忽起，高聲言曰：『<span class="zhuanming">靈睿法師</span>來年十月，往<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>大國<span class="zhuanming">光明山</span>西阿<span class="zhuanming">觀世音菩薩</span>所受生也。』至期十月三日，合寺長幼道俗，見幡華菩薩滿寺而下。晚講入房，看疏讀經。外有僧告<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00529','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P529</span></i>幡花異香，充寺及房。<span class="zhuanming">睿</span>聞捉經出看，斂容立終，堅持不倒，扶卧房中。三更忽起，加坐如生。刺吏以下，躬手付香，供養其尸。道俗相送歸<span class="zhuanming">東度山</span>，設大會八千人。時年八十三矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3230" id="3235">〔四〕</a>詭俗：欺世。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3231" id="3236">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>卷二一<span class="shuming">隱峰傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋隱峰</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">鄧氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">建州</span><span class="zhuanming">邵武</span>人也。……忽於<span class="zhuanming">金剛窟</span>前倒立而死，亭亭然其直如植。時議靈穴之前，當舁就爇。屹定如山，併力不動。遠近瞻覩，驚歎希奇。<span class="zhuanming">峰</span>有妹爲尼，入<span class="zhuanming">五臺</span>，瞋目咄之曰：『老兄疇昔爲不循法律，死且熒惑於人。時衆已知，妹雖骨肉，豈敢攜貳，請從恒度。』以手輕攘，僨然而仆。遂荼毗之，收舍利入塔，號<span class="zhuanming">鄧隱峰</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔高僧<span class="zhuanming">曇鑒</span>，往生之人也。平坐而卒，弟子猶申而殮之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3243" id="3237">〔一〕</a>。今則反乎是也。定者啓玄解之門，出生死之域，寒暑之所不入，焚溺之所不及。若在定而有死，何殊濯春沂而焚於烈火，被甲胄而傷於毒箭乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3244" id="3238">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">凡在死者必居散位。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沂】莫衣切，水名，出<span class="zhuanming">泰山</span>。</span> <span>故前佛﹑後佛，有聖弟子入滅盡定<a class="zhuhao" href="#3245" id="3239">〔三〕</a>，百年千年億萬斯年，不出定不死也。<span class="zhuanming">西域</span><span class="zhuanming">朅盤陀國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">斫句迦國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">烏殺國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3246" id="3240">〔四〕</a>，諸漏盡者形儀都偉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">都，大也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【西域】<span class="zhuanming">三藏</span><span class="shuming">西域記</span>序此三國。</span> <span>巔崖孤岫，瞑目委髮，雷震山摧，而獵者往往見有焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">西域記</span>及<span class="shuming">唐三藏行記</span>序之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【巔崖】上山頂也。高岸曰崖。【岫】山有穴曰岫。【瞑】莫甸切，斂眉也。【委髮】曲也，積也。【西域記】<span class="zhuanming">三藏</span>西天回，<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>敕法師撰<span class="shuming">西域記</span>一部一十二卷，明一百三十餘國風俗佛迹事。【三藏行記】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">惠立</span>撰<span class="shuming">大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>五卷，<span class="zhuanming">僧彦</span>箋成十卷。上五卷明往復取經事，下五卷明<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>及<span class="zhuanming">東京</span>番譯至終化<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00530','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P530</span></i>事，第五卷明法師自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>還<span class="zhuanming">東京</span>，出<span class="zhuanming">蔥嶺</span>，經此三國，見入滅定義，如别記叙也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">趙襄子</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>君<span class="zhuanming">無卹</span>也，<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>之子。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【晉君無恤】有本言<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>君者，悮。恤，音戌。<span class="zhuanming">趙襄子</span>，字悮。</span> <span>畋焚山林，有一人飛行火中，山石不爲礙，斯入定之徒也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3247" id="3241">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">入定則不應飛行，疑運通之士也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>神僧<span class="zhuanming">呵羅竭</span>既殁，弟子積木如陵焚之，累日不爲灰。遷就石室，後數十年，觀者異其如生，彼則入<span class="zhuanming">第四禪</span>。暨于<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>定故，能使口鼻無息矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3248" id="3242">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">第四禪</span>至<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>地，法無風大種故，世入息風不行。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3237" id="3243">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">曇鑒傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇鑒</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>，<span class="zhuanming">冀州</span>人。少出家，事<span class="zhuanming">竺道祖</span>爲師。蔬食布衣，律行精苦。學究群經，兼善數論。……至夜，與諸耆老共叙無常，言甚切至。既夜，各各還房，<span class="zhuanming">鑒</span>獨留步廊下。至三更，沙彌<span class="zhuanming">僧願</span>請還房，<span class="zhuanming">鑒</span>曰：『汝但眠，不須復來。』至明旦，弟子<span class="zhuanming">慧嚴</span>依常問訊，見合掌平坐，而口不言。迫就察之，實迺已卒。身體柔軟，香潔倍常。因申而殮焉，春秋七十。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3238" id="3244">〔二〕</a>玄解：指深奥難解的道理或事理。　何殊：猶何異。　濯：沐浴。　甲胄：鎧甲和頭盔。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3239" id="3245">〔三〕</a>滅盡定：又作滅受想定﹑滅盡三昧，即滅盡心﹑心所（心之作用）而住於無心位之定。身證此定，能斷見思煩惱而證聖果。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3240" id="3246">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">朅盤陀國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">斫句迦國</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">烏殺國</span>：均爲<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>古王國。據<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>所載，在<span class="zhuanming">西域</span><span class="zhuanming">斫句迦國</span>山上的岩穴中，有三阿羅漢入定，其形如羸人，鬚髮恒長。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3241" id="3247">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">黄帝</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">趙襄子</span>率徒十萬狩於<span class="zhuanming">中山</span>，藉芿燔林，扇赫百里。有一人從石壁中出，隨煙燼上下，衆<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00531','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P531</span></i>謂鬼物。火過，徐行而出，若無所經涉者。<span class="zhuanming">襄子</span>怪而留之，徐而察之：形色七竅，人也；氣息音聲，人也。問：『奚道而處石？奚道而入火？』其人曰：『奚物而謂石？奚物而謂火？』<span class="zhuanming">襄子</span>曰：『而嚮之所出者，石也；而嚮之所涉者，火也。』其人曰：『不知也。』<span class="zhuanming">魏文侯</span>聞之，問<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『彼何人哉？』<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『以<span class="zhuanming">商</span>所聞夫子之言，和者大同於物，物無得傷閡者，游金石，蹈水火，皆可也。』<span class="zhuanming">文侯</span>曰：『吾子奚不爲之？』<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『刳心去智，<span class="zhuanming">商</span>未之能。雖然，試語之有暇矣。』<span class="zhuanming">文侯</span>曰：『夫子奚不爲之？』<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>曰：『夫子能之而能不爲者也。』<span class="zhuanming">文侯</span>大説。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3242" id="3248">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">第四禪</span>：<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>四禪天中之第四天，也就是<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>之最高處。　<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>：與<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>共稱<span class="zhuanming">三界</span>，即指超越物質世界，厭離物質色想而修四無色定者死後所生之<span class="zhuanming">天界</span>。又稱<span class="zhuanming">四無色</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">四空天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色界諸天</span>等。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">訶羅竭傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">訶羅竭</span>者，本<span class="zhuanming">樊陽</span>人。少出家，誦經二百萬言。……至<span class="zhuanming">元康</span>八年，端坐從化。弟子依西國法闍維之。焚燎累日，而屍猶坐火中，水不灰燼，乃移還石室内。後<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>人<span class="zhuanming">竺定</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">安世</span>，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">咸和</span>中往其國，親自觀視，屍儼然平坐，已三十餘年。<span class="zhuanming">定</span>後至京，傳之道俗。」</span> </p><p> <span>塔廟制度，世失其道久矣。<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>以塔爲方墳<a class="zhuhao" href="#3255" id="3249">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云塔婆，或云偷婆，此云墳塔，略也，或方或尖或圓也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【塔廟】下皃也。塔必設佛像相皃，故塔亦名廟。</span> <span>居凡庶封之，若此方之堂者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四方也。</span> <span>若夏屋者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四垂大屋。</span> <span>自輪王至<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>，方以層級表德辯名也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">輪王一級，聲聞四級，緣覺十二級，菩薩與<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>十三級。</span> <span>自古至<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">陳</span>，罕有不懸棺而窆，反壤封樹<a class="zhuhao" href="#3256" id="3250">〔二〕</a>。至若設碑繂，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">繂，下棺索也。古者立石柱於墳上，有孔貫索。索以下棺，謂之窆。後或有刻君父種族於上，當隧<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00532','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P532</span></i>道口，謂之神道碑也。天子曰陵，諸侯士大夫曰墳，庶人曰塚。墓誌不出典禮。今僧立塔記，蓋擬其事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【碑】音陂，葬時所設，臣子追述君父之功德以書其上。【隧】音遂，埏隧也，墓上道也。【繂】音律，索也，船上用。宜紼字，音弗，大索也。葬時引車，故天子千人分繂，諸侯五百人分執四紼。篇云：紼，引棺索也。又，車索也。請詳定。【塚】知壠切，高墳也。墳，腫也，象山之高腫起也。【誌不】結悮。</span> <span>啓埏道，非國望不爲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3257" id="3251">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">於墳前作隧路也。此皆國望之士，又有哀誄哀册碑誌，非大士不可也。古者僧無賜紫衣師號，自<span class="zhuanming">憲宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十一年方有賜紫，然先有賜謚號者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【埏】墓道也。【誄】力水切，累也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span>之後，競尚僭擬，其有高華輪奂，蔽乎前聖者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3258" id="3252">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">近見有禪伯<a class="zhuhao" href="#3259" id="3253">〔五〕</a>，未終，自令刻青石，建大塔，繞以浮雲，合以花座，四王守御，八龍肩扙，竟以王難歸俗，不得居之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僭】禮犯於上曰僭。僭，擬也。【奂】音焕，文彩明皃。</span> <span>或自力於生前，或遺言於殁後，不愴冤魂之酷，但馳嗇斂之費，誤莫大焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3260" id="3254">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愴】悽愴也。【嗇斂】上音色，貪也；下音殮，聚也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3249" id="3255">〔一〕</a>塔廟：塔，亦泛指寺塔。<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「塔亦胡言，猶宗廟也，故世稱塔廟。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3250" id="3256">〔二〕</a>窆：將棺木葬入墓穴。　封樹：堆土爲墳，植樹爲飾。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「葬也者，藏也。藏也者，欲人之弗得見也。是故衣足以飾身，棺周於衣，槨周於棺，土周於槨，反壤樹之。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">王制</span>：「庶人縣封，葬不爲雨止，不封不樹，喪不貳事。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「庶人既卑小，不須顯異，不積土爲封，不標墓以樹。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">匈奴列傳</span>：「其送死，有棺槨金銀衣裘，而無封樹喪服。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3251" id="3257">〔三〕</a>埏道：墓道。　國望：本謂國家威望。這裏指有國望之人。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00533','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P533</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3252" id="3258">〔四〕</a>僭擬：越分妄比。謂在下者自比於尊者。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">太史公自序</span>：「五宗既王，親屬洽和，諸侯大小爲藩，爰得其宜，僭擬之事，稍衰貶矣。」　高華：高貴顯要。　輪奂：這裏形容塔廟高大衆多。語出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晉獻文子</span>成室，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>大夫發焉。<span class="zhuanming">張老</span>曰：『美哉輪焉！美哉奂焉！』」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「輪，輪囷，言高大；奂，言衆多。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3253" id="3259">〔五〕</a>禪伯：對有道高僧的尊稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3254" id="3260">〔六〕</a>自力：盡自己的力量。　愴：悲傷。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一○下：「愴，傷也。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>之病革矣，猶命去大夫之簀，示不欲僭也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3270" id="3261">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">革，急也。簀，牀上策也。革音殛。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【革】老也，敗也。【簀】音責，牀策。【革】音殛，注非，只依字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">晏平仲</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂非面言評論之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謂非面言】此兩句解謂字也，甚不當。謂言告也，乃二人對面相告也。</span> <span>「既死矣，豈在我哉？焚之，沉之，瘞之，埋之，露之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西國葬法有四：一水漂，二火焚，三土埋，四施陀林。<span class="shuming">五分律</span>云：「尸應埋之也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瘞】於例切，埋也。【埋之】二字剩。</span> <span>衣薪而棄諸溝壑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古之葬也，厚衣以薪，葬之中野，不封不樹。聖人易之以棺槨，蓋取諸大過也。<span class="shuming">考工記</span>陶令造瓦棺，<span class="zhuanming">夏后</span>聖用堲。火燒熟曰堲。<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人以梓木之棺替木，又以木槨替土堲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【堲】音即，塾曰堲。</span> <span>衮文納諸石槨，唯所遇焉。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3271" id="3262">〔二〕</a>而屋愚之子，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span>：「唯在屋不出而愚也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3272" id="3263">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【槨】音郭。</span> <span>不知<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>之墳不高，而<span class="zhuanming">戴逵</span>歎焉；<span class="zhuanming">邵伯</span>之樹不大，而詩人詠焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3273" id="3264">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">卲伯奭</span>每於甘棠之下治獄，去後<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人懷其<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00534','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P534</span></i>德，不忍伐其樹。故<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿伐，<span class="zhuanming">邵伯</span>所茇。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【道安】是<span class="zhuanming">道林</span>，<span class="zhuanming">支遁</span>字。【蔽芾】下音沸，蔽芾，小皃。【茇】音跋，舍也。</span> <span>唯務僭侈，遂令榛莽之間壘壘<a class="zhuhao" href="#3274" id="3265">〔五〕</a>若丘坻，曾無展敬者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【榛】音臻，荆榛也。有本𣗘字，悮。【壘】重也。【丘坻】丘陵也。地自然生曰丘。下遲﹑帋二音，改也。</span> <span>狐兔虺蜴宅其趾，烏梟鴿雀孚其上<a class="zhuhao" href="#3275" id="3266">〔六〕</a>，樵童牧兒登而嘯歌，行路者不知爲誰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虺】許鬼切，蛇也；【蜴】音易，蜥蜴也。【烏】孝鳥也。純黑而反報哺者謂之烏，小而不反哺者謂之鵶。【梟】音澆，不孝鳥。日至捕梟，磔之於路。【孚】音敷，信也。鳥之孚卵皆如期，不失其信也。【樵】柴夫也。【牧】放牛也。</span> <span>吾在<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，講罷景餘，每尋林谷，見則訊其德行，無一可與歸者，由是業之著，隱而逾亮，德之寡，炳而逾昧。誠可悲也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">毗奈耶雜事</span>三十三説<span class="zhuanming">本勝比丘</span>生前多瞋，殁後置塔。<span class="zhuanming">劫卑德羅漢</span>誤禮之，<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>告之，乃令五百人毁之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【景】光也，明也。【著】明顯也。【逾亮】越明也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「君子之道，闇然而日彰。小人之道，灼然而日亡。<span class="shuming">詩</span>曰：『潛雖伏矣，亦孔之昭。』」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3276" id="3267">〔七〕</a>近世握管記者，鮮聞道德，藝行卓邁爲高僧；多其聚徒，結納延譽爲高僧<a class="zhuhao" href="#3277" id="3268">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因今人非，疑古人是也。<span class="zhuanming">李鈙</span>郎中於<span class="zhuanming">福感寺</span>請指骨舍利，獲之，遂著碑書十僧，稱爲「高僧上石」，忝<a class="zhuhao" href="#3278" id="3269">〔九〕</a>之甚也。皆瑣細庸鄙之流，實誤前德也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詩曰】<span class="shuming">正月</span>文也。【握管】執筆也。</span> <span>或世寡賢良，或搜覈不精也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覈】考實也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3261" id="3270">〔一〕</a>病革：病勢危急。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「夫子之病革矣。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「革，急也。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>寢<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00535','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P535</span></i>疾，病。<span class="zhuanming">樂正子春</span>坐於牀下，<span class="zhuanming">曾元</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曾申</span>坐於足，童子隅坐而執燭。童子曰：『華而睆，大夫之簀與？』<span class="zhuanming">子春</span>曰：『止！』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>聞之，瞿然曰：『呼！』曰：『華而睆，大夫之簀與？』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『然。斯<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>之賜也，我未之能易也，<span class="zhuanming">元</span>，起易簀。』<span class="zhuanming">曾元</span>曰：『夫子之病革矣，不可以變，幸而至於旦，請敬易之。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『爾之愛我也不如彼。君子之愛人也以德，細人之愛人也以姑息。吾何求哉？吾得正而斃焉，斯已矣。』舉扶而易之。反席未安而没。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3262" id="3271">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">楊朱</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">管夷吾</span>曰：『吾既告子養生矣，送死奈何？』<span class="zhuanming">晏平仲</span>曰：『送死略矣，將何以告焉？』<span class="zhuanming">管夷吾</span>曰：『吾固欲聞之。』<span class="zhuanming">平仲</span>曰：『既死，豈在我哉？焚之亦可，沈之亦可，瘞之亦可，露之亦可，衣薪而棄諸溝壑亦可，衮衣衣繡裳而納諸石椁亦可，唯所遇焉。』<span class="zhuanming">管夷吾</span>顧謂<span class="zhuanming">鮑叔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黄子</span>曰：『生死之道，吾二人進之矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3263" id="3272">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span>佚文，今本無。屋愚子，謂識見有限而不自知者。<span class="zhuanming">釋惠洪</span><span class="shuming">林間録</span>卷下：「<span class="zhuanming">汾州</span><span class="zhuanming">無德禪師</span>示徒，多談<span class="zhuanming">洞山</span>五位﹑<span class="zhuanming">臨濟</span>三玄，至作<span class="shuming">廣志歌</span>，明十五家宗風，豈非視後進隨於參尋，得少爲足警之以徧參耶？今有問知識者，則荅曰：『吾家自有本分事，彼皆古人一期建立門庭言語耳，何足究哉？』正如有不識字者，執卷問屋愚子，屋愚曰：『此墨填纸耳，安用問我哉？』三尺童子莫不笑之。昔有僧問<span class="zhuanming">雪峰和尚</span>：『<span class="zhuanming">臨濟</span>有四喝，意旨如何？』<span class="zhuanming">雪峰</span>曰：『我初發足，便往<span class="zhuanming">河</span>北。不意中途大師化去，因不及見之。他家宗旨，我所未知。汝尋彼兒孫問之。』僧以問<span class="zhuanming">南院</span>，且言<span class="zhuanming">雪峰</span>嘗遣之之意。<span class="zhuanming">南院</span>望<span class="zhuanming">雪峰</span>再拜曰：『和尚真善知識。嗚呼，今譊譊語人如屋愚子者，聞<span class="zhuanming">雪峰</span>用處，可不面熱汗下耶？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3264" id="3273">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">傷逝</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">戴公</span>見<span class="zhuanming">林法師</span>墓，曰：『德音未遠，而拱木已積。冀神理緜緜，不與氣運俱盡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00536','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P536</span></i>耳！』」<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">召南</span><span class="shuming">甘棠</span>：「蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿伐，<span class="zhuanming">召伯</span>所茇。蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿敗，<span class="zhuanming">召伯</span>所憩。蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿拜，<span class="zhuanming">召伯</span>所説。」<span class="shuming">毛序</span>曰：「<span class="shuming">甘棠</span>，美<span class="zhuanming">召伯</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">召伯</span>之教，明于南國。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3265" id="3274">〔五〕</a>僭侈：猶僭奢。過分奢侈。　榛莽：雜亂叢生的草木。　壘壘：重積貌。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷二七<span class="zhuanming">曹丕</span><span class="shuming">善哉行</span>：「還望故鄉，鬱何壘壘。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注引<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>曰：「壘，重也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3266" id="3275">〔六〕</a>孚：孵化。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三下：「孚，卵孚也。」<span class="zhuanming">徐鍇</span>曰：「鳥抱，恒以爪覆其卵也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3267" id="3276">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「故君子之道，闇然而日章；小人之道，的然而日亡。君子之道：淡而面不厭，簡而文，温而理，知遠之近，知風之自，知微之顯，可與入德矣。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：『潛雖伏矣，亦孔之昭！』」引詩出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">正月</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3268" id="3277">〔八〕</a>結納：猶結交。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">佞幸傳</span><span class="shuming">石顯</span>：「是時，明經著節士<span class="zhuanming">瑯邪貢禹</span>爲諫大夫，<span class="zhuanming">顯</span>使人致意，深自結納。」　延譽：播揚聲譽。語出<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">晉語七</span>：「使<span class="zhuanming">張老</span>延君譽于四方。」<span class="shuming">世説新語</span><span class="shuming">言語</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>祚雖衰，天命未改，吾欲立功於<span class="zhuanming">河</span>北，使卿延譽於<span class="zhuanming">江</span>南。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3269" id="3278">〔九〕</a>忝：原漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本闕。</span> </p><p> <span>夫財食足以聚徒，諂佞足以結納，矯飾足以延譽哉？此其欲傳於後裔者，適足以誘濫也。夫有居鄉爲鄉豪重，在邑爲邑尹重，居州爲州尊重。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【適足】只可也。【鄉】萬二千五百家爲鄉。【邑】四井爲邑。【尹】正也。【州】五黨爲州，二千五百家也。</span> <span>十室之門，十室請舍。十聚之家，十聚請饋<a class="zhuhao" href="#3285" id="3279">〔一〕</a>，而或未足言也。當稱彼重者，何人焉？何故焉？</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00537','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P537</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「鄉人皆好之，必察焉；鄉人皆惡之，必察焉。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3286" id="3280">〔二〕</a></span> <span>其或小人便佞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3287" id="3281">〔三〕</a>﹑求予<a class="zhuhao" href="#3288" id="3282">〔四〕</a>也，則振達矣；君子廉毅也﹑德義也，則淪胥矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3289" id="3283">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">小人道長，則君子道消也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【求予】予，我也。或子字，單子也。【振達】上奮舉也；達，通也。【廉毅】上儉也，約也。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>曰：廉毅，果敢也。【淪胥】<span class="zhuanming">遠法師</span>曰：淪胥相及。【小人道長】<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">坤卦</span>文。</span> <span>而後生美其濫進，脩芬芳之譽，匪計日月，求合於權利，忘辱殆己，狡謀奇慮，必取其合。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【狡】狂也，猾也。</span> <span>既合矣，稱某歸依，某以爲黨，以爲援，以爲捷徑之路倍百直。誚彼簡朴不能進取者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂詭情賊智也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黨】與也。【援】助也。【捷徑】上直葉切，直道也。【誚】才妙切，責也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">寶唱</span>撰<span class="shuming">名僧傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">慧皎</span>删而改之，曰：「高僧以爲名者，實之賓也。若實行潛光，高而不名。寡德適時，名而不高<a class="zhuhao" href="#3290" id="3284">〔六〕</a>。名而不高，非所紀也。」而<span class="zhuanming">皎公</span>可謂<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之良史也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3279" id="3285">〔一〕</a>聚：村落。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷三九<span class="shuming">王扶傳</span>：「所止聚落化其德。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「小於鄉曰聚。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3280" id="3286">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問曰：『鄉人皆好之，何如？』子曰：『未可也。』『鄉人皆惡之，何如？』子曰：『未可也。不如鄉人之善者好之，其不善者惡之。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「子曰：『衆惡之，必察焉；衆好之，必察焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3281" id="3287">〔三〕</a>便佞：巧言善辯，阿諛逢迎。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">季氏</span>：「友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，損矣。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「便，辯也。謂佞而辨。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00538','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P538</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3282" id="3288">〔四〕</a>予：原誤爲「矛」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3283" id="3289">〔五〕</a>淪胥：指淪喪。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷八七<span class="shuming">涼武昭王李玄盛傳</span>：「淳風杪莽以永喪，縉紳淪胥而覆溺。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3284" id="3290">〔六〕</a>潛光：隱藏光彩。這裏指寂處。　適時：順應時宜。</span> </p><p> <span>異説云：將死之人，寂無所見，是謂至道，不由險畏<a class="zhuhao" href="#3292" id="3291">〔一〕</a>。若覩佛來，以相爲魔，心之取矣。其何免哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由】經也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3291" id="3292">〔一〕</a>險畏：險阻可怕。<span class="shuming">顔氏家訓</span><span class="shuming">養生</span>：「涉險畏之途，干禍難之事。」</span> </p><p> <span>譏者曰：是夫也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃匹夫之見爾。</span> <span>未曰司契者也。夫死者形離神越<a class="zhuhao" href="#3299" id="3293">〔一〕</a>，樂消苦會，適長昏之域，蹈無畔之鄉，不矚聖儀，悲焉莫救。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">莫，無也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矚】音燭，視也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>臨終之人，錚然金奏<a class="zhuhao" href="#3300" id="3294">〔二〕</a>，不俟於春容矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西國臨終，必令擊鍾，云苦趣滅也。今此土亦然也。春容，徐徐聲也。</span> <span>冀彼澄想，去亂而魂有所歸矣。又以幡繫像，手令其執之，示往生之相也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3301" id="3295">〔三〕</a>。其有夙脩三福，遐其後報，金容華目，瓊臺授手。笙鏞間和，法誦窮年<a class="zhuhao" href="#3302" id="3296">〔四〕</a>。實法王之大賚，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆浄土之相也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夙】早也。【瓊臺授手】<span class="shuming">觀經</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">觀音菩薩</span>執金剛臺，至行者前授手迎接。【笙鏞】笙，樂器，未詳其用；下音容，大鐘也。【賚】洛代切，賜也。</span> <span>蠲有苦於天下也。讟爲魔者，蓋魔由己耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#3303" id="3297">〔五〕</a>。然法無所取，實定用之忘照，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">根本定心照境之時<a class="zhuhao" href="#3304" id="3298">〔六〕</a>，不著能所取相是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讟】音獨，謗也。</span> <span>非死者之昧心，何捃彼而與此，同辰而語哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">非可<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00539','1865873',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P539</span></i>將證理之真心而欲同將死之昏識也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捃】居運切，拾也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3293" id="3299">〔一〕</a>神越：精神散失。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">俶真訓</span>：「神越者其言華，德蕩者其行僞。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「越，散也。言不守也，故華而不實。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3294" id="3300">〔二〕</a>錚：金屬相擊聲。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷一四上：「錚，金聲也。」　金奏：敲擊鐘鎛以奏樂。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">鐘師</span>：「鐘師掌金奏。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「金奏，擊金以爲奏樂之節。金謂鐘及鎛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3295" id="3301">〔三〕</a>幡：長條形的旗子。　往生：佛教謂死後進入極樂世界。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3296" id="3302">〔四〕</a>三福：求生浄土者應當修行的三種福業：世福﹑戒福和行福。<span class="shuming">佛説觀無量壽佛經</span>：「欲生彼國者，當修三福。一者孝養父母，奉事師長，慈心不殺，修十善業；二者受持三歸，具足衆戒，不犯威儀；三者發菩提心，深信因果，讀誦大乘，勸進行者，如此三事，名爲浄業。」　金容：指金光明亮的佛像面容。　瓊臺：玉飾的樓臺。這裏指金剛臺。　笙鏞：古樂器名。鏞，大鐘。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">益稷</span>：「笙鏞以間，鳥獸蹌蹌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3297" id="3303">〔五〕</a>讟：怨恨，誹謗。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3298" id="3304">〔六〕</a>定心：修禪行而遠離亂意。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷二六：「定心者，定名一心不亂。亂心中不能得見實事，如水波蕩，不得見面。如風中燈，不得好照。」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
卷第七
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133768" key="1133768"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第七 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133769" key="1133769"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00540','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P540</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000026">綜名理第十一<span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綜】子宋切，博綜也。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">󲳴即入<a class="zhuhao" href="#3321" id="3306">〔二〕</a>諸定舉之，地大震動，帶猶著地。佛云：<span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>禪定，<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>尚不識其名也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3322" id="3307">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3323" id="3308">〔四〕</a>：【揆】求癸切，度也。【稽】考也。【奄荒夢宅】上音掩，忽也，遽也；荒，蕪穢也；夢宅，三界也。言三界蕪穢，佛能遽忽而出也。此依智説也。又，奄，覆也；荒，涼也。佛以願力覆育此荒涼之三界也，此約悲説也。【沿革】上音捐，從流而下也。又，襲舊曰沿。又，相因曰沿。如<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>因<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>禮，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>因<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>禮是也。如<span class="zhuanming">三代</span>之禮，後世依用者曰沿；下音隔，更改也。古佛説三乘，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦佛</span>説曰沿。古佛時無犯者，故尚制戒藏，其法速滅。今佛廣制戒律，其法久遠，曰革也。【億界來賓】諸本皆云未，悮。合是來字。【劫比羅】或云<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">黄赤色</span>，乃數論師祖也。【權】變也，宜也。【任】職也。【命】使也，教也，召也。【勝】平聲，任也，舉也。【舍利弗】古譯爲<span class="zhuanming">身骨</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>。三藏云<span class="zhuanming">奢利弗怛羅</span>。<span class="zhuanming">奢利</span>譯爲<span class="zhuanming">春鶯</span>，亦名<span class="zhuanming">鶖鷺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">弗呾羅</span>，子也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">富樓那</span>󲳴聞<a class="zhuhao" href="#3324" id="3309">〔五〕</a>，智慧居弟子上而以説法知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">富樓那彌多羅尼子</span>也，此云<span class="zhuanming">滿慈</span>，子從母彰。名<span class="zhuanming">滿</span>。<span class="zhuanming">慈</span>，母姓名也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>爲法冢嗣，而獨譽頭陁<a class="zhuhao" href="#3325" id="3310">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">飲光</span><span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>󲳴󲳴男也，<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>人。棄榮貴󲳴󲳴󲳴乞食自資，修頭陁行。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大迦葉】此云<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>。古有仙人身色曜，飲日無光，自後苗裔以<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>爲氏，謂此尊者族類富盛，故號<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>也。三毒如塵，能振拂故，云頭陁也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>󲳴爲阿毗曇，而<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>專論義之號<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00541','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P541</span></i>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3326" id="3311">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">阿毗曇，此云無對法，即論藏也。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>俱造此論，而<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>稱論議第一。亦云<span class="zhuanming">迦多演</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">翦剃種</span>。上古有仙，山中既久，髮長無人剃。婆羅門法，污人不剃髮，有一仙爲剃髮。諸仙願護，得道爾來，號<span class="zhuanming">剃髮種</span>，尊者即其後也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俱爲】皆造也。</span> <span>此<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>之弘旨，非餘之所不兼焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以專美者見稱。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弘旨】大趣也。</span> <span>然於其間，或勸或沮，皆有爲而言之矣。故<span class="zhuanming">劫賓那</span>獨窮曆象<a class="zhuhao" href="#3327" id="3312">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劫賓那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">房宿</span>，蓋因感之而生，故曉曆象。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">首籠那</span>迥然精進<a class="zhuhao" href="#3328" id="3313">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">則<span class="zhuanming">億耳比丘</span>也。生平已來，足不履地。出家後日夜行道，足下血流。佛爲説彈琴喻，須令急慢得所，因證果也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【首籠那】此無正翻。<span class="shuming">五分律</span><span class="zhuanming">首樓那</span>有金錢二十億，人因號<span class="zhuanming">首樓那羅</span>二十一，不名億。<span class="shuming">僧祇</span>云<span class="zhuanming">瞻婆國</span>恕奴二十億是，但名二十億，不名億耳，如餘處辯也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3329" id="3314">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>至於五百，若以一行求之，則無不居甲而非乙也。其若<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>門，三千昇堂，入室者七十二人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3330" id="3315">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【甲乙】首爲甲，次爲乙。</span> <span>舉以四科十哲，雖<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>不標德行而見稱孝悌，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">德行﹑政事﹑文學﹑言語，四科也。<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉雍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">言偃</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉耕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲由</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>，爲十哲。<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>不預。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孝悌】奉親曰孝，敬兄曰悌。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">左氏</span>不登文學而騰翰國史<a class="zhuhao" href="#3331" id="3316">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不預十哲而著<span class="shuming">左傳</span>。<span class="zhuanming">左丘明</span>亦<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騰翰國史】騰，馳也，躍也，轉也；次音捍，辭翰也。記事曰史。昔<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>因<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>史書<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，自<span class="zhuanming">隱公</span>元年<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>十四年，叙二百四十二年之事，成一大經，唯<span class="zhuanming">左丘明</span>騰辭爲傳，經外序一十四年。更修<span class="shuming">後語</span>﹑<span class="shuming">國語</span>也。</span> <span>禮經三百，威儀三千，唯<span class="zhuanming">公西赤</span>之卓立<a class="zhuhao" href="#3332" id="3317">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">公西赤</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子華</span>，有容儀。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>云：「束帶立於朝，可使與賓客言也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3333" id="3318">〔一四〕</a></span> <span>故二宗風教，玄<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00542','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P542</span></i>符於抑揚也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3334" id="3319">〔一五〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#" id="3320">〔一〕</a>此卷首缺，篇名爲整理者所補。據<span class="shuming">隨函</span>來看，缺損部分不多。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3306" id="3321">〔二〕</a>起始三字漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作闕文。今據底本字之大貌，擬補「即入」兩字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3307" id="3322">〔三〕</a>目：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「日」字。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>十弟子之一，神通第一。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷四○：「<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>是右面弟子，<span class="zhuanming">目犍連</span>是佛左面弟子。」又稱<span class="zhuanming">目犍連</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大目犍連</span>等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3308" id="3323">〔四〕</a>按：由於正文和<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注開頭部分殘缺，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>相關内容，無相應位置對應，故全部放在這裏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3309" id="3324">〔五〕</a>缺字底本漫漶不清，疑爲「多」。　<span class="zhuanming">富樓那</span>：全名<span class="zhuanming">富樓那彌多羅尼子</span>。長於辯才，善於分别義理，後專事演法教化，因聞其説法而解脱得度者，多達九萬九千人，故被譽爲「説法第一」。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷九：「<span class="zhuanming">彌窒耶尼子</span>，或作<span class="zhuanming">富樓那彌多羅尼子</span>，正言<span class="zhuanming">富囉拏梅低梨夜富多羅</span>。『富囉拏』，此云『滿』，是其名也。『梅低梨夜』，此云『慈』，是其母姓也。『富多羅』者，子也，兼從母姓爲名，故此云『滿慈子』，或譯云『滿願子』，皆一義也，與佛同日而生也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3310" id="3325">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>：或稱<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦葉波</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦攝波</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>。<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>人，十大弟子之首。少欲知足，常修苦行，「頭陀第一」。是佛經第一次結集的召集人。　冢嗣：嫡長子。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷九<span class="shuming">晉語三</span>：「十四年，君之冢嗣其替乎？」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「冢嗣，太子也。」法冢嗣謂佛法的正宗嫡傳者。　頭陁：意譯「抖擻」，即去掉塵垢煩惱。<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷八四<span class="shuming">頭陀部</span>第三：「西云頭陁，此云抖擻，能行此法，即能抖擻煩惱，去離貪著，如衣抖擻，能去塵垢，是故從喻爲名。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3311" id="3326">〔七〕</a>阿毗曇：<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：「阿毗曇者，此方正翻名無比法。阿，謂無也。毗，謂比也。曇，謂法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00543','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P543</span></i>也。」　<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>：佛十大弟子中，「論議第一」之<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延子</span>。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷二七：「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延</span>，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦多衍那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">大剪剔種男</span>。<span class="zhuanming">剪剔</span>，婆羅門姓也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3312" id="3327">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">劫賓那</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">劫庀那</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劫比拏</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">房宿</span>。因爲父母禱此星宿而生，故以之爲名。<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>人，善知天象，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>弟子中，知星宿第一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3313" id="3328">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">首籠那</span>：<span class="zhuanming">室縷多頻設底拘胝</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">億耳羅漢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">聞二百億</span>。<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">伊爛拏鉢伐多國</span>長者之子，心無放逸，修行精勤，證阿羅漢果。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">伊爛拏鉢伐多國</span>：「大城南有窣堵波，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>於此三月説法，其傍則有過去三佛坐及經行遺跡之所。三佛經行西不遠有窣堵波，是<span class="zhuanming">室縷多頻設底拘胝</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">聞二百億</span>，舊譯曰<span class="zhuanming">億耳</span>，謬也）苾芻生處。昔此城有長者，豪貴巨富，晚有繼嗣，時有報者，輒賜金錢二百億，因名其子<span class="zhuanming">聞二百億</span>。洎乎成立，未曾履地，故其足跖毛長尺餘，光潤細軟，色若黄金。珍愛此兒，備諸玩好。自其居家以至<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>，亭傳連隅，僮僕交路。凡須妙藥，遞相告語，轉而以授，曾不踰時，其豪富如此。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>知其善根將發也，命<span class="zhuanming">没特伽羅子</span>而往化焉。既至門下，莫由自通，長者家祠<span class="zhuanming">日天</span>，每晨朝時，東向以拜。是時尊者以神通力，從日輪中降立於前。長者子疑<span class="zhuanming">日天</span>也，因施香飯而歸，其飯香氣遍<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">頻毘娑羅王</span>駭其異馥，命使歷問，乃<span class="zhuanming">竹林精舍</span><span class="zhuanming">没特伽羅子</span>自長者家持來，因知長者子有此奇異，乃使召焉。長者承命，思何安步：泛舟鼓棹，有波風之危。乘車馭象，懼蹶躓之患。於是自其居家至<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，鑿渠通漕，流滿芥子，御舟安止，長縆以引。至<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，先禮<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>告曰：『<span class="zhuanming">頻毘娑羅王</span>命使召汝，無過欲見足下毛耳。王欲觀者，宜結跏坐。伸脚向王，國法當死。』長者子受誨而往，引入廷謁，王欲視毛，乃跏趺坐。王善其有禮，特深珍愛。亦既<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00544','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P544</span></i>得歸，還至佛所，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>是時説法誨喻，聞而感悟，遂即出家。於是精勤修習，思求果證。經行不捨，足遂流血。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>告曰：『汝善男子，在家之時，知鼓琴耶？』曰：『知。』『若然者，以此爲喻。絃急則聲不合韻，絃緩則調不和雅，非急非緩，其聲乃和。夫修行者亦然，急則身疲心怠，緩則情舒志逸。』承佛指教，奉以周旋，如是不久，便獲果證。」　精進：爲「六波羅蜜」之一，謂堅持修善法，斷惡法，毫不懈怠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3314" id="3329">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">五分律</span>卷二一：「爾時<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span><span class="zhuanming">摩竭鴦伽</span>二國，有四萬二千聚落。彼諸豪傑，無有不信佛法僧者，唯除<span class="zhuanming">瞻婆</span>城中有長者子名<span class="zhuanming">首樓那</span>，其人大富，有二十億錢，時人號曰『<span class="zhuanming">首樓那</span>二十億』。是人生便受樂，手脚柔軟，足下生毛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3315" id="3330">〔一一〕</a>五百：指跟隨<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>聽法傳道的五百弟子。　昇堂：比喻學問技藝已入門。　入室：比喻學問技藝得到師傳，已達到深奥的境界。語出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也升堂矣，未入於室也。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「言<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>之學識深淺，譬如自外入内，得其門者。入室爲深，<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>是也；升堂次之，<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3316" id="3331">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「德行：<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔子騫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉伯牛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲弓</span>。言語：<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>。政事：<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">季路</span>。文學：<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「夫子門徒三千，達者七十有二，而此四科惟舉十人者，但言其翹楚者耳。」　十哲：指<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>的十個弟子。自<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>定制，從祀<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>廟，列侍<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>近側。<span class="zhuanming">開元</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>配享，升<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>配享，升<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>。　騰：騰躍，凌駕。　翰：文章，文辭。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3317" id="3332">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「優優大哉，禮儀三百，威儀三千。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3318" id="3333">〔一四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">赤</span>也，束帶立於朝，可使與賓客言也，不知其仁也。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00545','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P545</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3319" id="3334">〔一五〕</a>玄：神妙難以捉摸。符：相合。玄符謂神奇地相同﹑暗合。　抑揚：褒貶。</span> </p><p> <span>昔者讚<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>，即曰同一解脱<a class="zhuhao" href="#3351" id="3335">〔一〕</a>；譏<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，即曰所不能知。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>：假使諸比丘，充滿十方界，皆如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，亦所不能知<a class="zhuhao" href="#3352" id="3336">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讚】面稱其美曰讚。【譏】對面諷刺曰譏。</span> <span>十方刹土，靡不清浄，獨讚<span class="zhuanming">無量壽國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3353" id="3337">〔三〕</a>。諸尊大士，普藴慈悲，但顯<span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>力<a class="zhuhao" href="#3354" id="3338">〔四〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>大士，覩相知終。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛在<span class="zhuanming">俱尸</span>入滅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3355" id="3339">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>住在<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>，見地大動，又覩光明，知此必是<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>終也，遂來赴會所。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【刹土】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云刹多羅，此云田，言土田也。經中或名國，或名土，皆義翻也。下音肚，土田地主也。</span> <span>假名菩薩，聞説常住<a class="zhuhao" href="#3356" id="3340">〔六〕</a>。蓋非所益而不善其事，非可久而不宣其教。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">假名初發心也，聞佛説久住世間，無益涅槃。云「後三月當入涅槃」，遂生悲泣。<span class="shuming">法華經</span>云「若佛久住於世，薄德之人，不種善根」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3357" id="3341">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>其傳法之人，所未得者，難在此矣。夫執文以定義，義歸壅也；賾義以乖文，文將害也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3358" id="3342">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">離文穿鑿，爲害文也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【難】患也。【壅】于壠切，道也。【賾】演也。</span> <span>或學博而理不能精，或心知而口不能辯，此二者誠則有焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋無求備於一人也。</span> <span>然所説經，皆稱第一，固有旨矣。夫<span class="zhuanming">俞</span><span class="zhuanming">扁</span>之於患者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3359" id="3343">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="zhuanming">俞附</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>，皆古之良醫。</span> <span>陰慘焉，桂椒之良也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3360" id="3344">〔一○〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陰慘冷，桂椒熱，故爲良。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慘】七感切，慼也。<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：毒也。或是憯字，痛也。</span> <span>陽躁焉，冰雪之良也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陽躁熱，冰冷故爲良。</span> <span>而法<span class="zhuanming">大醫王</span>慜有區之庶類<a class="zhuhao" href="#3361" id="3345">〔一一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛爲<span class="zhuanming">大醫王</span>。</span> <span>以般若破名相，以法華會三乘，以金光致哀懺，各有所的而不居其次也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3362" id="3346">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">金剛經</span>以破相稱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00546','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P546</span></i>最上第一，<span class="shuming">法華經</span>以會羊鹿中小二乘歸大白牛之車爲第一，<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>據信相菩薩懺悔一切罪障第一也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3363" id="3347">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span>而經言國君失道，玉燭不調<a class="zhuhao" href="#3364" id="3348">〔一四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四時和謂之玉燭。</span> <span>風雨不時，疾疫是興者，蓋警誡之辭耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#3365" id="3349">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">仁王經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3366" id="3350">〔一六〕</a>。警，動也。誡，約也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疫】癘鬼也。【警誡】警誡，敕也，告也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3335" id="3351">〔一〕</a>同一解脱：解脱即無拘無礙﹑自由自在。一切衆生皆有佛性，若能一念反妄歸真，則與諸佛<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>同一解脱，無有差别。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三二：「一切衆生，同有佛性，皆同一乘，同一解脱。」<span class="shuming">别譯雜阿含經</span>卷六：「爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，知諸比丘心之所念，爲欲令彼生欽尚故，遥見<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>，即語之言：『善來，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>。』尋分半座，命令共坐：『我當思惟：汝先出家，我後出家，是故命汝與爾分座。』……爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，爲欲令彼諸比丘等益增厭惡，自呵責故。爲欲讚歎<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>功德尊重與佛齊故，告諸比丘：『我修離欲之定，入于<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>，作意思惟。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉比丘</span>，亦欲離惡不善，有覺有觀，入于<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>，亦復晝夜，欲入<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">二禪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">三禪</span>及<span class="zhuanming">第四禪</span>，亦復如是。我若發心，欲入慈心﹑無嫌怨心﹑無惱心﹑遍廣心，善修無量，於其東方，作如是心。南西北方，四維上下，亦作是心。我於晝夜，欲修是心。<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，亦復如是。欲入慈心﹑無嫌怨心﹑無惱心﹑遍廣心﹑善修無量，於其東方，作如是心。南西北方，四維上下，亦作是心。我若修於悲喜捨心，我於晝夜，常入此心。<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，亦復如是。於晝夜中，常入此心。我欲滅除惱壞，卻於色想，除若干想，入無邊虚空，亦欲晝夜常入此定。識處不用處，非想非非想處，亦復如是。我亦欲入神通等定，能以一身，作無量身。以無量身，還作一身。我欲觀察諸方上下，入于石壁。無有障礙，猶如虚空。坐卧空中，如彼雁王。履地如水，履水如地。身至<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>，手捫日月。若我晝夜欲修是定，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉比丘</span>，亦復如是，欲入於彼，神通等定。能以一身，作無量身。以無量身，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00547','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P547</span></i>還爲一身。觀察四方，四維上下，能以此身，入于石壁，無有障閡，猶如虚空。坐卧空中，如彼雁王。履地如水，履水如地。身至<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>，手捫日月。亦欲晝夜常入此定，天眼天耳，及他心智，宿命漏盡，亦復如是。』爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，我彼無量大衆之中，稱讚<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>功德，尊重如是。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3336" id="3352">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">添品妙法蓮華經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">方便品</span>：「諸佛弟子衆，曾供養諸佛。一切漏已盡，住是最後身。如是諸人等，其力所不堪。假使滿世間，皆如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，盡思共度量，不能測佛智。正使滿十方，皆如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，及餘諸弟子，亦滿十方刹，盡思共度量，亦復不能知。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3337" id="3353">〔三〕</a>刹土：田土，國土。　<span class="zhuanming">無量壽</span>：<span class="zhuanming">阿彌陀佛</span>的意譯，佛教所稱西方極樂世界的教主。<span class="zhuanming">無量壽國</span>即西方極樂世界。　獨讚<span class="zhuanming">無量壽國</span>：參見<span class="shuming">佛説無量壽經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3338" id="3354">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>：<span class="zhuanming">觀音菩薩</span>的别名，以慈悲救濟衆生爲本願之菩薩，與<span class="zhuanming">大勢至菩薩</span>同爲西方極樂世界<span class="zhuanming">阿彌陀佛</span>之脅侍。凡遇難衆生誦念其名號，菩薩即時觀其音聲前往拯救，故稱<span class="zhuanming">觀世音菩薩</span>。又因其于理事無礙之境，觀達自在，故稱<span class="zhuanming">觀自在菩薩</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3339" id="3355">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">俱尸</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那迦</span>，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">末羅國</span>的都城。亦譯爲<span class="zhuanming">俱尸那</span>等，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>涅槃處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3340" id="3356">〔六〕</a>假名菩薩：指大乘菩薩五十二階位中的十信位菩薩，又作名字菩薩﹑信相菩薩。五十二階位指十信位﹑十住位﹑十行位﹑十迴向位﹑十地位﹑等覺位﹑妙覺位。其中十信位就是具有信心﹑念心﹑精進心等十種修行階段；這十種修行階段，僅有菩薩之名而無菩薩之實，故稱假名菩薩。<span class="shuming">瓔珞經</span>卷下：「佛子從不識始凡夫地，值佛菩薩教法，中起一念信，便發菩提心。是人爾時住前，名信想菩薩，亦名假名菩薩，亦名名字菩薩。」又<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三四：「善男子，菩薩二種。一者實義，二者假<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00548','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P548</span></i>名。假名菩薩聞我三月當入涅槃，皆生退心，而作是言：『如其<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，無常不住。我等何爲，爲是事故。無量世中，受大苦惱。<span class="zhuanming">如來世尊</span>，成就具足無量功德，尚不能壞如是死魔，況我等輩當能壞耶？』」　常住：永存。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷一：「是法住法位，世間相常住。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3341" id="3357">〔七〕</a>按：出<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷五。善根：佛教謂累世所修善業，固不可拔，由之能生一切善法，稱爲善根。善根成熟，則獲福報。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3342" id="3358">〔八〕</a>執：拘泥。　壅：壅蔽，障蔽。此謂執文害意也。　賾：深奥，玄妙。這裏用作動詞。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3343" id="3359">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">俞</span><span class="zhuanming">扁</span>：<span class="zhuanming">俞跗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">扁鵲倉公列傳</span>：「臣聞上古之時，醫有<span class="zhuanming">俞跗</span>，治病不以湯液醴灑，鑱石撟引，案扤毒熨，一撥見病之應，因五藏之輸，乃割皮解肌，訣脉結筋，搦髓腦，揲荒爪幕，湔浣腸胃，漱滌五藏，練精易形。先生之方能若是，則太子可生也；不能若是而欲生之，曾不可以告咳嬰之兒。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「臾附二音。<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時將也。』」又<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">扁鵲倉公列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">勃海郡</span><span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>人也。姓<span class="zhuanming">秦氏</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">越人</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「<span class="shuming">黄帝八十一難序</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">秦越人</span>與<span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>時<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>相類，仍號之爲<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>。又家於<span class="zhuanming">盧國</span>，因命之曰<span class="zhuanming">盧醫</span>也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3344" id="3360">〔一○〕</a>陰慘：指秋冬節序。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span><span class="shuming">西京賦</span>：「夫人在陽時則舒，在陰時則慘。」<span class="zhuanming">薛綜</span>注：「陽謂春夏，陰謂秋冬。」　桂椒：肉桂及山椒，性熱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3345" id="3361">〔一一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大醫王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>。佛善能分别病相﹑曉了藥性﹑治療衆病，故以「大醫王」喻稱之。　湣：憐恤，哀憐。　區：區宇，世間。　庶類：萬物，萬類。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3346" id="3362">〔一二〕</a>金光：指神佛之光。喻佛法的力量。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00549','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P549</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3347" id="3363">〔一三〕</a>破相：亦即無相。<span class="shuming">金剛經</span>全名<span class="shuming">金剛般若波羅蜜經</span>，此經以破相爲宗旨，云：「凡所有相，皆是虚妄。若見諸相非相，即見<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>。」「離一切諸相，即名諸佛。」　大白牛車：喻一佛乘。<span class="shuming">法華經</span><span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>以羊車爲小乘，鹿車爲中乘，牛車爲大乘。<span class="shuming">法華經</span>以三乘爲方便，一佛乘爲真實，會三乘而歸於一乘。　<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>據信相菩薩懺悔一切罪障：見<span class="shuming">金光明經</span><span class="shuming">懺悔品</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3348" id="3364">〔一四〕</a>玉燭：謂四時之氣和暢。<span class="shuming">尸子</span>卷上：「四氣和，正光照，此之謂玉燭。」<span class="shuming">爾雅</span><span class="shuming">釋天</span>：「四氣和謂之玉燭。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3349" id="3365">〔一五〕</a><span class="shuming">大乘瑜伽金剛性海曼殊室利千臂千鉢大教王經</span>卷一○：「若有國王大臣統領宰執，不信佛法，不敬師長，則令國界善神不歡﹑龍王不喜，五穀不熟，風雨不時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3350" id="3366">〔一六〕</a>按：如<span class="shuming">仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經</span>卷下：「佛告<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>：『我滅度後，法欲滅時，一切有情，造惡業故，令諸國土，種種災起。……是諸國中，若七難起。一切國王，爲除難故，受持解説此<span class="shuming">般若波羅蜜多</span>。七難即滅，國土安樂。』<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>言：『云何七難？』佛言：『一者，日月失度。日色改變，白色﹑赤色﹑黄色﹑黑色，或二三四五日並照。月色改變，赤色﹑黄色，日月薄蝕。或有重輪，一二三四五重輪現。二者，星辰失度。彗星﹑木星﹑火星﹑金星﹑水星﹑土等諸星，各各爲變，或時晝出。三者，龍火﹑鬼火﹑人火﹑樹火，大火四起，焚燒萬物。四者，時節改變，寒暑不恒。冬雨雷電，夏霜冰雪。雨土石山及以砂礫。非時降雹，雨赤黑水，江河泛漲，流石浮山。五者，暴風數起，昏蔽日月，發屋拔樹，飛沙走石。六者，天地亢陽，陂池竭涸，草木枯死，百穀不成。七者，四方賊來，侵國内外，兵戈競起，百姓喪亡。大王，我今略説如是諸難，其有日晝不現，月夜不現。天種種災，無云雨雪。地種<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00550','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P550</span></i>種災，崩裂震動。或復血流，鬼神出現，鳥獸怪異。如是災難，無量無邊。一一災起，皆須受持。』」</span> </p><p> <span>夫王者以風化于下。其風若昏，人變於惡，德薄禍重，安得大康<a class="zhuhao" href="#3370" id="3367">〔一〕</a>？故殲其人，罔與守邦，則禄位之亡，如<span class="zhuanming">岻</span>之頽。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殲，殄也。罔，無也。<span class="zhuanming">岻</span>，山名。君若無道，天降殃禍，殄其賢良忠臣，國壞如山之頽。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【風化】<span class="shuming">語</span>曰「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，曰：『如殺無道而就有道，何如？』子曰：『子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德，風。』」等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3371" id="3368">〔二〕</a>，此乃大人之風化也。若善則人變於德，若昏則俗化以惡。德既不厚，則禍之來也彌重，又安得底於康治乎？【殲】音尖，盡也，滅也。【罔與】無善也。【岻】音遲，山名，在<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>。</span> <span>斯<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>婉而成章矣。然於教中，亦有言似而意非者，如燕居三月，敕一切不得見，唯除一供養人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛之安閑而處，先敕不許雜人相見。</span> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">和先比丘</span>，與六十頭陁行者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不受請，常乞食，止山上，著弊衣，樹下坐，日一食，唯三衣，恒坐不卧，視死人，不食肉，如此皆頭陁行。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【婉】於遠切，美也，順也。【燕】音宴，安也，默也。</span> <span>直入見佛，佛覺少欲而稱歎之。其非少欲者，乃悟是燕坐也。由吾曹也，相率如<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，乃得見佛也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3372" id="3369">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">和先</span>因少欲見佛，多欲者乃相率而少欲。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【和先】未詳。此云根本，<span class="shuming">律</span>云<span class="zhuanming">小軍比丘</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3367" id="3370">〔一〕</a>大康：指安豐泰樂。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">唐風</span><span class="shuming">蟋蟀</span>：「無已大康，職思其居。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「大，音泰。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「大康，過於樂也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3368" id="3371">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，曰：『如殺無道以就有道，何如？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德，風。小人之德，草。草上之風，必偃。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00551','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P551</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3369" id="3372">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">四分律</span>卷四一：「爾時長老<span class="zhuanming">和先跋檀陀子</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">波羅國</span>六十比丘俱。儘是阿蘭若，乞食，著糞掃衣。作餘食法，不食一坐，食一摶食。塚間坐，露地坐，樹下坐，常坐，隨坐持三衣。詣<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">祇桓精舍</span>，問諸比丘：『<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>在何處房住？我欲往見。』諸比丘言：『<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>如是言：「我三月静坐思惟，無使外人入，唯除一供養人。若有入者，作波逸提懺。」』<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>問言：『<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>有如是語耶？』比丘答言：『諸比丘自立制，言：「若有入者，波逸提懺。」』<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>言：『我不用諸長老制。何以故？佛有如是言：「佛不制不應制，若已制不應違，隨所制法應學。」我等悉是阿蘭若，乃至持三衣，得隨意問訊<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。』爾時長老<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>與彼六十比丘俱，徑詣佛所。頭面禮足卻住一面。時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>慰問言：『<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，汝安樂不？飲食不乏耶？住止安静不？<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，汝從何處來？汝不聞餘比丘語耶？』答言：『住止安樂，不以飲食爲苦，亦聞餘比丘語。大德，我與<span class="zhuanming">波羅國</span>六十比丘俱，儘是阿蘭若乃至持三衣。在<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span>人間遊行，至<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span>。問<span class="zhuanming">祇桓</span>諸比丘：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>在何處房住？我等欲見。」諸比丘如是語：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>三月静坐思惟，無使外人入。唯除一供養人。若有入者，教波逸提懺。」我即問波逸提懺：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>有如是語耶？」諸比丘言：「無，我等自立制耳。」我即語言：「我不用汝曹制。何以故？佛有如是語：『佛不制者不應制，若已制不應違，隨所制法應學。』我曹皆是阿蘭若乃至持三衣，得隨意問訊<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。」』佛言：『善哉，善哉。<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，汝等儘是阿練若持三衣，得隨意問訊。若復有如是者，亦得隨意問訊<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。』」</span> </p><p> <span>昔説九部經，美化城之居<a class="zhuhao" href="#3387" id="3373">〔一〕</a>，居而無實，會至寶所，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛説中小之教，謂之權設。如人欲至寶所，中路心退，導師乃於中化作一城<a class="zhuhao" href="#3388" id="3374">〔二〕</a>，權言寶所。候憩息，方言是權，引之更進寶所。九部，小乘教。<span class="shuming">隨<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00552','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P552</span></i>函</span>：【候憩】上音后，伺也；下去例切，息也。</span> <span>於言如同，其意常不同也。有言乖而旨和，如<span class="shuming">教誡經</span>，比丘不袒，<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>貽其責也。<span class="shuming">城喻經</span>既袒不通肩，又責之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">袒謂露膊通肩，兩膊俱覆，且非袒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膊】臂也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>以正言似反，取捨未諭<a class="zhuhao" href="#3389" id="3375">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未知可執。</span> <span>佛言行供養，袒也；作福田，不應袒也。所貴善時，非堅白之可離<a class="zhuhao" href="#3390" id="3376">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">取捨適時，進退從權。非如磨而不磷，方曰堅乎？涅而不淄，方曰白乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3391" id="3377">〔五〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離】平呼。【磷】良刃切，薄也。至堅者磨而不磷。【涅而不緇】上水中黑土也。緇，黑色也。至白者染而不黑。</span> <span>嘗告<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>曰：「勿縱惡比丘，令僧田蕪穢，其罪甚於剜大千眼<a class="zhuhao" href="#3392" id="3378">〔六〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>主。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕪穢】蕪，荒也。穢，不浄也。如良田蕪穢，嘉穀不生。福田不浄，斷資糧也。</span> <span>有時以破戒比丘如萎薝蔔，王官素服，勿得刑罰<a class="zhuhao" href="#3393" id="3379">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">遺教經</span>云：「薝蔔花雖萎，猶勝諸餘花。破戒諸比丘，猶勝諸外道。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3394" id="3380">〔八〕</a>又云：「我諸比丘若犯王法，或殺或打，若剥袈裟，逼令還俗，若驅出國，如生剥三百頭牛，其罪尚輕。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【萎薝蔔】上于危切，蔫也；中音占；下傍比切。或云瞻博花，更有多名，不叙。</span> <span>蓋由仁王過仁，使愚者恣慝；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慝，惡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慝】他得切，惡也。</span> <span>惡王過惡，使人枉濫<a class="zhuhao" href="#3395" id="3381">〔九〕</a>。慮失其中，設兩經以防損也。<span class="shuming">戒經</span>始命展轉相諫，終命但自觀身。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">戒經</span>僧殘有三諫之文。<span class="shuming">七佛戒</span>又云：「但自觀身行，莫觀作不作。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3396" id="3382">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【枉濫】罪其非犯曰枉，一混其罪曰濫。</span> <span>蓋爲直己而不能直人者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3397" id="3383">〔一一〕</a>，制使胥諫也；伐善而好訟過者，制令退省諸己也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【訟過】好舉他罪訟也。【退省】審查也。進思盡忠，退思補<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00553','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P553</span></i>過。</span> <span>有事隱而言實，如<span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>，墮數粒粟，而五百世爲牛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3398" id="3384">〔一二〕</a>。彼當更有牛業，而但彰乎一事也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">牛呞比丘</span>。過去世摘一莖禾，墮數粒粟，五百世作牛蹄牛口。佛恐世人譏之，遂令長居<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3399" id="3385">〔一三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憍梵波提】此云<span class="zhuanming">牛相</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">牛呞</span>。吐而後食。呞，音寺。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>施一食，而九十一劫受人天樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3400" id="3386">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">無滅</span>，天眼第一。</span> <span>彼以善緣相資，成於多劫，然由肇自一食，隱末而稱本也。如世稱富者，食一金錢，彼始以一金錢，而後成於富者也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3373" id="3387">〔一〕</a>九部經：指小乘九部：修多羅（契經）﹑伽陀（諷誦）﹑本事﹑本生﹑未曾有﹑因緣﹑譬喻﹑祇夜（重頌）﹑優波提舍（論議）。也就是在大乘十二部（見後注）中，除方廣﹑授記﹑無問自説三部。　化城：一時化作之城郭，佛教用以比喻小乘境界。佛欲使一切衆生都得到大乘佛果，恐衆生畏難，先説小乘涅槃，猶如化城，於途中變作一城郭，衆生暫以止息，進而使一切衆生到大乘之至極佛果。見<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">化城喻品</span>：「譬如五百由旬，險難惡道，曠絶無人，怖畏之處。若有多衆，欲過此道，至珍寶處，有一導師，聰慧明達，善知險道通塞之相，將導衆人欲過此難。所將人衆，中路懈退，白導師言：『我等疲極而復怖畏，不能復進。前路猶遠，今欲退還。』導師多諸方便，而作是念：『此等可湣。云何捨大珍寶而欲退還？』作是念已，以方便力於險道中過三百由旬，化作一城，告衆人言：『汝等勿怖，莫得退還。今此大城，可於中止，隨意所作。若入是城，快得安隱。若能前至寶所，亦可得去。』是時疲極之衆，心大歡喜，歎未曾有：『我等今者免斯惡道快得安隱。』於是衆人前入化城。生已度想，生安隱想。爾時導師知此人衆既得止息，無復疲惓，即滅化城。語衆人言：『汝等<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00554','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P554</span></i>去來，寶處在近，向者大城，我所化作，爲止息耳。』諸比丘，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>亦復如是，今爲汝等作大導師。知諸生死，煩惱惡道，險難長遠，應去應度。若衆生但聞一佛乘者，則不欲見佛，不欲親近。便作是念，佛道長遠，久受勤苦，乃可得成佛。知是心怯弱下劣，以方便力而於中道爲止息。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3374" id="3388">〔二〕</a>城：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「滅」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3375" id="3389">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語舍利，意譯「鶖鷺」。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語弗，意譯「子」，故曰<span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>。因母得名。其母身形端正，眼浄如鶖鷺，乃名<span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>，謂是鶖鷺之子。在佛弟子中，智慧第一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3376" id="3390">〔四〕</a>供養：佛教稱以香花﹑明燈﹑飲食等資養三寶（佛﹑法﹑僧）爲「供養」。分財供養﹑法供養兩種。香花﹑飲食等爲財供養；修行﹑利益衆生叫法供養。　福田：佛教以三寶爲福田，以供養三寶﹑行善修德爲種福田，以其可以收穫福果故。　善時：謂善於把握時機。　堅白：即堅白石。<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>時名家學説的一個命題。名家<span class="zhuanming">公孫龍</span>主張「離堅白」。認爲「堅」﹑「白」是脱離「石」而獨立存在的實體。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3377" id="3391">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「不曰堅乎，磨而不磷；不曰白乎，涅而不緇。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">孔安國</span>曰：「言至堅者磨之而不薄，至白者染之於涅而不黑。」謂君子雖在濁亂而不能污。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3378" id="3392">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>時代<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span>的國王，與王后<span class="zhuanming">韋提希夫人</span>皈依<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>，深信佛法，是佛教最初的護持者。見<span class="shuming">頻婆娑羅王詣佛供養經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3379" id="3393">〔七〕</a>破戒：指受戒僧人違反戒律。　薝蔔：又譯「瞻蔔伽」﹑「瞻波」等，意譯「郁金花」。<span class="zhuanming">李時珍</span><span class="shuming">本草綱目木</span>卷三六<span class="shuming">巵子</span>條<span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">蘇頌</span>曰：「今南方及<span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span>州郡皆有之。木高七八尺，葉似李而厚硬。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00555','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P555</span></i>又似樗蒲子，二三月生白花，花皆六出，甚芬香，俗説即<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>薝蔔也。夏秋結實如訶子狀，生青熟黄，中仁深紅，南人競種以售利。」　素服：本色或白色的衣服。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3380" id="3394">〔八〕</a>見<span class="shuming">大方廣十輪經</span>卷三等，然不見<span class="shuming">佛遺教經</span>（即<span class="shuming">佛垂般涅槃略説教誡經</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3381" id="3395">〔九〕</a>枉濫：謂枉錯淫濫，使無辜受害。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3382" id="3396">〔一○〕</a>僧殘：音譯僧伽婆尸沙，戒律中次於波羅夷之重罪。犯僧殘罪，須於二十人以上之清浄大衆前懺悔，並服從僧團之處罰。若不行之，則與犯波羅夷罪同。參見前注。　<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>卷二七：「比丘入聚落，不破壞他事，不觀作不作，但自觀身行，諦視善不善。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3383" id="3397">〔一一〕</a>直己：謂自身守正不阿。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3384" id="3398">〔一二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">迦梵波提</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">笈房鉢底</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">牛呞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">牛王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">牛相</span>等。佛弟子中，解律第一。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷二上：「<span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>，此翻<span class="zhuanming">牛齝</span>。<span class="shuming">無量壽</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">牛王</span>，<span class="shuming">增一</span>云<span class="zhuanming">牛跡</span>。昔五百世曾爲牛王，牛若食後，恒事虚哨。餘報未夷，唼唼常嚼，時人稱爲牛齝。」又<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經玄贊</span>卷一：「<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">笈房鉢底</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">牛相</span>。<span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>，訛也。過去因摘一莖禾，數顆墜地，五百生中，作牛償他。今雖人身，尚作牛蹄牛齝之相，因號爲<span class="zhuanming">牛相比丘</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3385" id="3399">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>：<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天的第二天，即<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>。<span class="shuming">佛地經論</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>，謂此山頂四面各有八大天王，<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>居中，故有此數。」<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷九：「<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>高八萬四千由旬，上有<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>城。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3386" id="3400">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>：佛弟子中，天眼第一。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷一下：「<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹樓馱</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">阿泥盧豆</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音奢切耳。此翻<span class="zhuanming">無貧</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">如意</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">無獵</span>名也。昔於饑世，贈<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>稗飯，獲九十一劫果報充足故，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00556','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P556</span></i>名<span class="zhuanming">無貪</span>。」<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔</span>卷八四：「<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹樓馱</span>等者，亦云<span class="zhuanming">阿泥㝹豆</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">阿泥嚕多</span>，並<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>皆云<span class="zhuanming">無滅</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">無貧</span>，言一食之施者。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫同躋十號，何則强劣而稱拜者益有豐寡耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#3411" id="3401">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">同以十號，成佛稱禮。於有見獲，益不同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【躋】祖稽切，登也，升也。【豐寡】多少也。</span> <span>蓋舉一時一行，而示乎不一之緣也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若西方偏於接引，<span class="zhuanming">藥師</span>偏於救患等。</span> <span>有理非而言過，如飲酒捉寶，定非沙門。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒經所禁。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捉】搦也，手執也。</span> <span>記<span class="zhuanming">提婆達</span>一劫入地獄，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">提婆達</span>造五逆，入地獄一劫<a class="zhuhao" href="#3412" id="3402">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>重心害蟻，罪重殺人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如特起上品，瞋心害蟻，重於悮意殺人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3413" id="3403">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>雖於事則微，而緣情則極，皆聖人至責之詞也。故經云：「我説須陀洹人得成佛，汝不解我意<a class="zhuhao" href="#3414" id="3404">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">據迴心修行説。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】<span class="shuming">涅盤</span>。</span> <span>我説不成佛，汝亦不解我意也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">據定性灰身未迴心者説。</span> <span>夫皇聖照機，卷舒無必<a class="zhuhao" href="#3415" id="3405">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">必，專必也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【無必】必，專也。</span> <span>有以教起從人，故前説人天，後以諦緣而損之也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人天謂五戒十善等，諦謂四諦也，緣謂十二緣生也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3416" id="3406">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>前説諦緣，後以一乘而損之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">令捨羊鹿，趣大白牛。</span> <span>損至無損，乃歸曰大道。有以教不從人，如華嚴前會，小聖在席，視聽之所昧塞也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">初八會，雖小聖在席，而不見不聞，蓋非其境。至第九會，方見聞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3417" id="3407">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>有以人不從教，如初轉法輪<a class="zhuhao" href="#3418" id="3408">〔八〕</a>。十二億衆發無上道意，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛初成道，謂<span class="zhuanming">提謂長者</span>説法，有十二億衆得無生法忍<a class="zhuhao" href="#3419" id="3409">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span>攝末歸本，無量人天，得法眼浄。夫如是，不鉤深不達矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3420" id="3410">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鉤深】若不鉤深演奥，則<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00557','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P557</span></i>空性了義息矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3401" id="3411">〔一〕</a>躋：升，登。　十號：佛的十種名號，即：<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">應供</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">正徧知</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明行足</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善逝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">世間解</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無上士</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">調御丈夫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天人師</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛世尊</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3402" id="3412">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">提婆達</span>：「提婆達多」之略。見前注。　五逆：謂五種將招致墮無間地獄報應的惡業大罪。<span class="shuming">阿闍世王問五逆經</span>：「有五逆罪，若族姓子，族姓女，爲是五不救罪者，必入地獄不疑。云何爲五？謂殺父﹑殺母﹑害阿羅漢﹑鬥亂衆僧﹑起惡意於<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>所，如是五不救罪。若有男女施行此事者，必入地獄不疑。我今<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>，躬殺父王，我亦當入地獄耶？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3403" id="3413">〔三〕</a>瞋心：謂能造惡業而生苦果的忿恚之心。　<span class="shuming">出曜經</span>卷一○：「願大王弘恕，身受五戒，爲佛弟子，不敢行殺。守身謹慎，不念邪非。寧自殺身，不以犯戒，殺害蟻子。」<span class="shuming">俱舍論疏</span>卷一七：「問殺斷善人，與害蟻卵，何者罪重？評曰：『應作是説：若依罰罪，殺斷善人，得罪爲重，得邊罪故；若依業道，害蟻卵重，以彼成就諸善法故。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3404" id="3414">〔四〕</a>須陀洹：全稱「須陀般那」﹑「窣路多阿半那」﹑「窣路陀阿鉢囊」，意譯「入流」﹑「逆流」﹑「預流」等。聲聞四果中初果之名。斷除三界中的見惑，即證此果位。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一七：「須陀洹者是外國語，義釋有三：一當名正翻，名修無漏。如涅槃説，須名無漏。陀洹修習，以修無漏故，名須陀洹。二隨義傍翻，名爲逆流。逆生死流，三途生死，永不受故。三隨義傍翻，亦名觸債。將拒三途，因而不受果，故曰觸債。」<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷四七：「窣路多阿半那，此言預流。一聖道説名爲流，能相續流而涅盤故。初證聖果，創參勝列，故名預流。參，預也。舊言須數多分得也，須陀洹者，訛也。或云逆<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00558','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P558</span></i>流，或言人流，亦云至流，皆同一也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3405" id="3415">〔五〕</a>皇聖：大聖人，謂佛。　卷舒：卷起與展開，猶進退﹑開合等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3406" id="3416">〔六〕</a>五戒：指在家信徒終身應遵守的五條戒律，即不殺生﹑不偷盜﹑不邪淫﹑不妄語﹑不飲酒。　十善：不犯十惡，即是十善。十惡爲殺生﹑偷盜﹑邪婬﹑妄語﹑兩舌﹑惡口﹑綺語﹑貪欲﹑瞋恚﹑邪見。　四諦：即苦諦（痛苦）﹑集諦（痛苦的原因）﹑滅諦（涅槃）﹑道諦（消滅痛苦的方法）。<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>卷一二：「苦集滅道，是名四聖諦。」<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>卷一五：「我昔與汝等不見四真諦，是故久流轉生死大苦海。若能見四諦，則得斷生死。」　十二緣生：即十二因緣。<span class="shuming">祖庭事苑</span>曰：「緣生即十二因緣，亦名十二緣生。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3407" id="3417">〔七〕</a>八會﹑九會：<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀羅</span>譯<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>凡六十卷，總成七處，八會，三十四品。七處，即演説之場所爲七處；八會，即演説之回數爲八會。<span class="zhuanming">唐代</span><span class="zhuanming">實叉難陀</span>譯凡八十卷，總成七處，九會，三十九品。九會即<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>與菩薩四衆﹑天龍八部，於菩提場等處，九番聚會而廣説此經。第一會，此會<span class="zhuanming">菩提場</span>，<span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>説<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>依報因果法門；第二會，此會<span class="zhuanming">普光明殿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利菩薩</span>等説十信等法門；第三會，此會<span class="zhuanming">忉利天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法慧菩薩</span>説十住等法門；第四會，此會於<span class="zhuanming">夜摩天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">功德林菩薩</span>説十行等法門；第五會，此會<span class="zhuanming">兜率天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金剛幢菩薩</span>説十回向等法門；第六會，此會<span class="zhuanming">他化天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金剛藏菩薩</span>説十地法門；第七會，此會復於<span class="zhuanming">普光明殿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">毗盧遮那如來</span>説阿僧祗數量法門；第八會，此會復於<span class="zhuanming">普光明殿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>説離世間法門；第九會，此會<span class="zhuanming">逝多林</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利菩薩</span>等説入法界法門。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3408" id="3418">〔八〕</a>初轉法輪：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道後初次講經説法。轉法輪譬喻<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>説法。佛教認爲向衆生灌輸佛法，摧破迷<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00559','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P559</span></i>夢，有如輪寶長轉，破邪降敵。<span class="shuming">大般若涅槃經</span>卷一四：「善男子，諸佛世尊凡有所説，皆悉名爲轉法輪也。善男子，譬如聖王所有輪寶，未降伏者能令降伏，已降伏者能令安隱。善男子，諸佛世尊凡所説法亦復如是，無量煩惱未調伏者能令調伏，已調伏者令生善根。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3409" id="3419">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>：全稱「<span class="zhuanming">帝梨富娑</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">帝履富娑</span>」，又作「<span class="zhuanming">布薩</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">離謂</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">黄瓜</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">胡瓜</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">瓜</span>」。爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道後，最初供養﹑歸依的二商人之一（另一位是<span class="zhuanming">波利</span>）。據<span class="shuming">方廣大莊嚴經</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">商人蒙記品</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>成道第四十九日，於<span class="zhuanming">多演林</span>樹下端坐。時有<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">波利</span>兄弟二人，爲衆商主，載五百乘之珍寶將返本國，相遇於此，供養<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，聽講人天之法，並歸依<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，爲佛弟子。此即佛門有優婆塞之始。　無生法忍：確切地領會「一切法不生不滅」之理，把心安住在所悟不生不滅的中道實相上不動不退。又作無生忍﹑無生忍法﹑修習無生忍。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五○：「無生法忍者，於無生滅諸法實相中，信受通達，無礙不退，是名無生忍。」<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一二：「從境爲名，理寂不起，稱曰無生；慧安此理，名無生忍。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3410" id="3420">〔一○〕</a>法眼：佛﹑菩薩之眼，能夠清楚地見到一切法門，爲五眼之一。<span class="shuming">無量壽經</span>卷下：「法眼觀察，究竟諸道。慧眼見真，能渡彼岸。」<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">義疏</span>：「智能照法，故名法眼。」<span class="zhuanming">俞樾</span><span class="shuming">茶香室三鈔</span><span class="shuming">佛肉眼見四十里</span>：「佛氏五眼：一曰肉眼，二曰天眼，三曰慧眼，四曰法眼，五曰佛眼。」法眼浄：分明見真諦。<span class="shuming">佛説長阿含經</span>卷一：「八萬四千人即於座上遠塵離垢，得法眼浄。」　鉤深：探索深奥的意義。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>修<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，陳褒貶，而<span class="zhuanming">游</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>之徒莫敢措以一詞，豈不以智不及乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3424" id="3421">〔一〕</a>？至若問仁﹑問政﹑聞斯行諸，所問是一，所告不同。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">論語</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3425" id="3422">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【褒貶】上進也，揚其美也；<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00560','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P560</span></i>下損也，退也。<span class="shuming">春秋</span>褒貶，只在一字。【游夏】<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>二人者，夫子文學。【問政】門字悮。</span> <span>雖萬流俱潤，而不滓其源也，故曰「信近於義，言可復也」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3426" id="3423">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有義不必信，可審覆之也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3421" id="3424">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>（<span class="zhuanming">言偃</span>）與<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>（<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>）。兩人均爲<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>學生，長於文學。見<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「至於爲<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，筆則筆，削則削。<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>之徒不能贊一辭。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3422" id="3425">〔二〕</a>問仁所告不同者，如：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>問仁。子曰：『克己復禮爲仁。一日克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。爲仁由己，而由人乎哉？』<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>曰：『請問其目。』子曰：『非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。』」「<span class="zhuanming">仲弓</span>問仁。子曰：『出門如見大賓，使民如承大祭。己所不欲，勿施於人。在邦無怨，在家無怨。』」「<span class="zhuanming">司馬牛</span>問仁。子曰：『仁者，其言也訒。』」「<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>問仁。子曰：『愛人。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">雍也</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問曰：『如有博施於民而能濟衆，何如？可謂仁乎？』子曰：『何事於仁？必也聖乎！<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>其猶病諸。夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲達而達人。能近取譬，可謂仁之方也已。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>問仁。子曰：『居處恭，執事敬，與人忠；雖之夷狄，不可棄也。』」問政而不同者，如：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問政。子曰：『足食，足兵，民信之矣。』」「<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>問政。子曰：『居之無倦，行之以忠。』」「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『政者，正也。子帥以政，孰敢不正。』」「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『如殺無道，以就有道，何如？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德，風，小人之德，草。草上之風，必偃。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問政。子曰：『先之，勞之。』請益。曰：『無倦。』<span class="zhuanming">仲弓</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>宰，問政。子曰：『先有司，赦小過，舉賢才。』曰：『焉知賢才而舉之？』曰：『舉爾所知。爾所不知，人其舍諸？』」「<span class="zhuanming">枼公</span>問政。子曰：『近者悦，遠者來。』」「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">莒父</span>宰，問政。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00561','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P561</span></i>子曰：『無欲速，無見小利。欲速則不達，見小利則大事不成。』」聞斯行諸者，如：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問：『聞斯行諸？』子曰：『有父兄在，如之何其聞斯行之？』<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>問：『聞斯行諸？』子曰：『聞斯行之。』<span class="zhuanming">公西華</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也問聞斯行諸，子曰「有父兄在」；<span class="zhuanming">求</span>也問聞斯行諸，子曰「聞斯行之」，<span class="zhuanming">赤</span>也惑，敢問。』子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">求</span>也退，故進之；<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也兼人，故退之。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3423" id="3426">〔三〕</a>滓：污染。　復：還原。這裏指實踐諾言。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">學而</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『信近於義，言可復也。恭近於禮，遠恥辱也。因不失其親，亦可宗也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">大菽氏</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">目乾連</span>也。上古有仙，居山寂處，常採菉豆而食，因以爲姓，曰<span class="zhuanming">採菽氏</span>。尊者之母是其族也。</span> <span>記七日後雨﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">記七日當雨而不雨，則<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>觀不細也。</span> <span>牸牛白犢，終用克爽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3430" id="3427">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">又<span class="shuming">記</span>「婆羅門家牸牛生犢，額白而尾白」，此皆<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>之麤心也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克爽】上必也，下失也。</span> <span>五百無學，同以天眼討論天地<a class="zhuhao" href="#3431" id="3428">〔二〕</a>，皆二三其説。蓋分理事，亦或乖也。夫十二分教，如晝夜有時，寒暑有月，醫藥味分，闕則寡力，多則無要。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已上皆不可闕，法亦如是。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【無要】下用也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">婆沙</span>謂如三周偱曆四聖諦數，若論之不極也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3432" id="3429">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三周數四諦，謂減緣減行觀也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】音巡，循還經歷四聖諦境。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3427" id="3430">〔一〕</a>牸牛：母牛。　爽：差錯，失誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3428" id="3431">〔二〕</a>無學：即「無學果」，爲「阿羅漢果」的意譯，是小乘佛教修行的最高果位。謂學道圓滿，不需要再行修學。<span class="shuming">法華玄贊</span>卷一：「進趣圓滿，止息修習，名爲無學。」五百無學即佛經中經常提到的隨<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>説<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00562','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P562</span></i>法傳道的五百弟子。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span><span class="shuming">五百弟子授記品</span>：「爾時五百阿羅漢於佛前得授記已，歡喜踴躍。」<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>卷四：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>與五百羅漢入<span class="zhuanming">首波城</span>。」<span class="shuming">興起行經</span>謂，佛告<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，過去<span class="zhuanming">善説王</span>時，有五百豪族童子從<span class="zhuanming">延羅達</span>婆羅門學，「爾時五百童子者，今五百羅漢是」。　天眼：又稱天趣眼，能透視六道﹑遠近﹑上下﹑前後﹑内外及未來等。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五：「於眼，得色界四大造清浄色，是名天眼。天眼所見，自地及下地六道中衆生諸物，若近，若遠，若麁，若細，諸色無不能照。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3429" id="3432">〔三〕</a>十二分教：又稱十二分聖教﹑十二部經，是<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>所説的一切言教，依其内容和形式分爲十二類。分别是：修多羅（契經）﹑祇夜（應頌）﹑和伽羅（授記）﹑伽他（調頌）﹑優陀那（自説）﹑尼陀羅（因緣）﹑婆陁（譬喻）﹑伊帝目多（本事）﹑闇陁伽（本生）﹑毘佛略（方廣）﹑阿浮達摩（未有）﹑優波提舍（論議）。　<span class="zhuanming">婆沙</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">娑婆</span>。意爲「忍土」﹑「忍界」，爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>所教化的此一<span class="zhuanming">三千大千世界</span>。因爲此界衆生忍受諸惡，不肯出離，故稱「忍土」。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">大目乾連冥間救母變文</span>：「俗間之罪滿<span class="zhuanming">婆娑</span>，唯有慳貪罪最多。」　不極：無窮，無限。</span> </p><p> <span>夫大乘我不障小果，彼犢子衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#3442" id="3433">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">上古有仙，染牸而生，故謂犢子部。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大乘我】法我。【小果】生空理也。</span> <span>或執之，而人皆謂隨眠性我，吾弗信也，故<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>造<span class="shuming">對法論</span>，所宗有二，蓋不以一宗爲盡善之門矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3443" id="3434">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">天親</span>本在有部宗出家，説義多宗經部也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3444" id="3435">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【對法】<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">法勝</span>造<span class="shuming">毗曇心論</span>云：「若生諸煩惱，是聖説有漏。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3445" id="3436">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>謂其生字濫於滅道，乃别製<span class="shuming">雜毗曇心論</span>云「若增諸煩惱，是聖説有漏」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3446" id="3437">〔五〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>造<span class="shuming">般若論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>二<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00563','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P563</span></i>之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3447" id="3438">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>造<span class="shuming">金剛般若論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">天親菩薩</span>亦造，故云二也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法勝造毗曇心論】二卷。【雜毗曇】一十一卷。</span> <span>以伯仲，以師資，以行位，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>俱弗先也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無著</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">師子覺</span>，三兄弟也。<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">留婁沙富羅國</span>人，此云<span class="zhuanming">丈夫土</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">天帝</span>戰<span class="zhuanming">修羅</span>處也。俱在<span class="zhuanming">薩婆多</span>出家。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>先悟大乘，往<span class="zhuanming">兜率宫</span>請<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>説瑜伽，後勸<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>，令悟大乘也。</span> <span>所不然者，止以<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>智障未除，而撾不及於馬腹，尺有短於寸者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">智障，所知障也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云「雖鞭之長，不及馬腹」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3448" id="3439">〔七〕</a>。喻<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>雖造論，猶有所不到。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【撾】陟瓜切，捶也。鞭策馬曰撾。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>與諸徒，誓於<span class="zhuanming">修羅窟</span>俟龍華成道，方擬問津焉，謂今<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>未是遍知也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3449" id="3440">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">清辯菩薩</span>以芥子擊<span class="zhuanming">修羅窟</span>，隱候<span class="zhuanming">彌勒佛</span>下生，將問不决之事。今<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>未是至聖者也。</span> <span>後<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>假<span class="zhuanming">龍軍</span>而得見，所不致拜，又索之以形儀焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3450" id="3441">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">得至<span class="zhuanming">兜率</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>不禮，以其作天人相也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3433" id="3442">〔一〕</a>小果：佛教修行所證果位之等第有高低之分，其較低者稱爲「小果」。　犢子衆：即犢子部，小乘二十部之一。謂衆生有實我，非即五藴，非離五藴，即不可説藏。此違佛教所立真無我之理，故名之爲附佛外道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3434" id="3443">〔二〕</a>隨眠：煩惱或煩惱種子。小乘中，説一切有部以貪﹑嗔﹑癡等根本煩惱爲隨眠；經部將煩惱的現行稱爲纏，將其種子稱爲隨眠。大乘唯識宗認爲隨眠是煩惱障和所知障的種子。因眠伏於阿賴耶識中，故稱爲隨眠。　性我：本性之大我。去除了凡夫之妄我，纔能歸入於<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>之性我。　<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>。據<span class="shuming">婆藪槃豆法師傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">富婁沙富羅國</span>人，佛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00564','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P564</span></i>滅後九百年而出。初於<span class="zhuanming">阿逾闍國</span>薩婆多部出家，研學小乘，成<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>。後因長兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>示誨，懺悔小執之非，造<span class="shuming">成唯識論</span>等諸大乘論，弘宣大乘。　<span class="shuming">對法論</span>：<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨論</span>。阿毗達磨，又作阿毗曇等，意譯爲對法﹑大法﹑論，與經﹑律合稱爲三藏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3435" id="3444">〔三〕</a>有部宗：即説一切有部，爲小乘二十部之一，主張三世一切法皆爲實有，故稱有部。與主張一切皆空﹑般若皆空之「空宗」相對。主要以阿毗達磨諸論書爲依據。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3436" id="3445">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">法勝</span>：説一切有部的論師，<span class="zhuanming">吐火羅縛蠋國</span>人，淵識遠鑒，精於阿毗達磨。　<span class="shuming">阿毗曇心論</span>：四卷，略稱<span class="shuming">心論</span>，爲説一切有部重要論書之一。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>九年（三八四）<span class="zhuanming">僧伽提婆</span>譯爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>文，十六年<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>整理成四卷。這裏引文見四卷本卷一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3437" id="3446">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">達摩多羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇摩多羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">達磨怛邏多</span>，爲説一切有部之論師。<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>卷七七稱之爲説一切有部四大論師之一。　<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心論</span>：凡十一卷，<span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span><span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋摩</span>等譯，這裏引文見卷一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3438" id="3447">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">無著</span>：<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>兄，參見「天親」注。　<span class="shuming">般若論</span>：<span class="shuming">金剛般若經論</span>。<span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>造爲二卷或三卷（<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">金剛般若論</span>分爲上下兩卷，<span class="shuming">金剛般若波羅蜜經論</span>＜亦名<span class="shuming">金剛能斷般若</span>＞分爲上中下三卷），<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">達磨岌多</span>譯；<span class="zhuanming">天親菩薩</span>造<span class="shuming">金剛般若波羅蜜經論</span>，三卷，<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span><span class="zhuanming">菩提流支</span>譯。皆爲解釋本經之<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>偈頌者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3439" id="3448">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十五年</span>：「古人有言曰：『雖鞭之長，不及馬腹。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3440" id="3449">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">婆毗吠伽</span>，意譯「清辯」。見前注。　<span class="zhuanming">修羅窟</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">阿修羅王</span>所住之石窟，大都在深山<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00565','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P565</span></i>幽谷中。<span class="zhuanming">清辯菩薩</span>入<span class="zhuanming">大安達羅國</span>之<span class="zhuanming">阿素洛宫</span>，待<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>之成佛。見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一○。　龍華：又稱那伽樹﹑龍華菩提樹，略稱龍華，<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>成道時之菩提樹。<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>現居於<span class="zhuanming">兜率天</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>入滅後五十七億六千萬年（一説五十六億七千萬年），自<span class="zhuanming">兜率天</span>下生人間，於龍華樹下成道，爲衆生三度説法。<span class="shuming">增一阿含經</span>卷四四：「去<span class="zhuanming">雞頭城</span>不遠，有道樹名曰龍華，高一由旬，廣五百步。時<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>坐彼樹下，成無上道果。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3441" id="3450">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">德光</span>：音譯<span class="zhuanming">瞿拏鉢剌婆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span><span class="zhuanming">鉢伐多國</span>人。　<span class="zhuanming">龍軍</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">那先比丘</span>，<span class="zhuanming">提婆犀那</span>，又作<span class="zhuanming">那伽斯那</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">那伽犀那</span>，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">龍軍</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四<span class="shuming">秣底補羅國</span>：「大城南四五里，至小伽藍，僧徒五十餘人。昔<span class="zhuanming">瞿拏鉢剌婆</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>）論師於此作<span class="shuming">辯真</span>等論，凡百餘部。論師少而英傑，長而弘敏，博物强識，碩學多聞。本習大乘，未窮玄奥，因覽<span class="shuming">毗婆沙論</span>，退業而學小乘，作數十部論，破大乘綱紀，成小乘執著。……時有<span class="zhuanming">提婆犀那</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>）羅漢往來<span class="zhuanming">睹史多天</span>，<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>願見<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>，决疑請益。<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>以神通力接上天宫，既見<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>，長揖不禮。<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>謂曰：<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>菩薩，次紹佛位，何乃自高，敢不致敬？方欲受業，如何不屈？<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>對曰：尊者此言，誠爲指誨，然我具戒苾芻，出家弟子。<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>菩薩，受天福樂，非出家之侣，而欲作禮，恐非所宜。菩薩知其我慢心固，非聞法器。往來三返，不得决疑。更請<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>，重欲覲禮。<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>惡其我慢，懱而不對。<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>既不遂心，便起恚恨，即趣山林，修發通定，我慢未除，不證道果。」</span> </p><p> <span>先是中土未有泥洹常住之説<a class="zhuhao" href="#3458" id="3451">〔一〕</a>，但言壽命長遠而已。<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>歎曰：「佛是至極，至極則無變。無變之理，豈有窮耶？」遂著<span class="shuming">法性論</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">廬山遠</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>見曰：「邊國人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00566','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P566</span></i>未有經，便闇與理合。豈不妙哉！」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3459" id="3452">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>講<span class="shuming">泥洹經</span>，謂一闡提人皆得成佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3460" id="3453">〔三〕</a>，舊學以爲邪説擯之，投于<span class="zhuanming">虎丘</span>，尋往<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>。洎<span class="shuming">大本經</span>至，果與玄契。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">泥洹經</span>説：有一類闡提無種性，終不成佛。及<span class="shuming">涅槃後分經</span>至，一切衆生皆得成佛，果符<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>之義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泥洹經】<span class="shuming">大般若泥洹經</span>六卷，<span class="shuming">方等泥洹經</span>二卷。【虎丘】<span class="zhuanming">蘇州</span><span class="zhuanming">虎丘</span><span class="zhuanming">東山寺</span>也。【廬山】<span class="zhuanming">江州</span><span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><span class="zhuanming">東林寺</span>也。【大本經】<span class="shuming">大涅槃經</span>四十卷，<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經後譯茶毗分</span>二卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">生</span>乃登法座，論義數番，麈尾紛然而墜。隱機順化，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>昔不死，有待故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3461" id="3454">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大本經</span>未至，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>故待之。今既至，乃卒。時人號之『<span class="zhuanming">忍死生</span>』也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隱機】上於靳切，隈也；下几案也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">生</span>今之死，待竟故也。向無<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>落詮之知，則昭昭佛性，隱於無知之輩矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3462" id="3455">〔五〕</a>。國初<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>至<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，以花請<span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>像曰：「若一切衆生實有佛性，惟所散花挂菩薩頸。」乃輒如其願。今謂，若使<span class="zhuanming">奘</span>有<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>之知，則不應有是祝也。儻祝之不吉，將不信乎？夫卜者决猶預，定嫌疑，不疑何卜？<span class="shuming">易</span>云：「中心疑者其詞枝。」<span class="zhuanming">奘</span>非其枝乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3463" id="3456">〔六〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">枝，散也。<span class="zhuanming">奘公</span>不合有疑散之道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儻】若也。</span> <span>若爲物而然者，蓋是導物爲疑，乃攜人之心矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">奘</span>本不疑，恐後人疑，故示此以導之也。攜，離散也。󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3464" id="3457">〔七〕</a>隳散後來之疑心也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3451" id="3458">〔一〕</a>泥洹：即涅槃，意譯「滅」﹑「滅度」﹑「寂滅」﹑「圓寂」等，是佛教全部修習所要達到的最高理想，一般指熄滅生死輪迴後的境界。<span class="zhuanming">僧肇</span><span class="shuming">涅槃無名論</span>：「涅槃之道，蓋是三乘之所歸，方等之淵府。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00567','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P567</span></i>一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「涅槃譯云滅度，或言常樂我浄，明無遷謝及諸苦累也。」　常住：指綿亘過去﹑現在﹑未來三世，恒常存在，永不生滅變易。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3452" id="3459">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「先是中土未有泥洹常住之説，但言壽命長遠而已。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃歎曰：『佛是至極，至極則無變。無變之理，豈有窮耶？』因著<span class="shuming">法性論</span>曰：『至極以不變爲性，得性以體極爲宗。』<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>見論而歎曰：『邊國人未有經，便闇與理合。豈不妙哉！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3453" id="3460">〔三〕</a>一闡提人：佛經中稱斷絶一切善根的人爲「一闡提」。參<span class="shuming">宗師議</span>篇「闡提」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3454" id="3461">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">竺道生傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span>人。……自經典東流，譯人重阻。多守滯文，鮮見圓義。若忘筌取魚，始可與言道矣。於是校閲真俗，研思因果。迺立善不受報，頓悟成佛。……又六卷<span class="shuming">泥洹</span>先至京師，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>剖析經理，洞入幽微，迺説阿闡提人皆得成佛。于時<span class="shuming">大本</span>未傳，孤明先發，獨見忤衆。於是舊學以爲邪説，譏憤滋甚，遂顯大衆，擯而遣之。<span class="zhuanming">生</span>於大衆中正容誓曰：『若我所説反於經義者，請於現身即表厲疾。若與實相不相違背者，願捨壽之時，據<span class="zhuanming">師子座</span>。』言竟，拂衣而遊。……後<span class="shuming">涅盤大本</span>至於<span class="zhuanming">南京</span>，果稱闡提悉有佛性。與前所説，合若符契。<span class="zhuanming">生</span>既獲斯經，尋即講説。以<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>十一年冬十一月庚子，於<span class="zhuanming">廬山精舍</span>昇於法座。神色開朗，德音俊發。論議數番，窮理盡妙。觀聽之衆，莫不悟悦。法席將畢，忽見麈尾紛然而墜。端坐正容，隱几而卒。顔色不異，似若入定。道俗嗟駭，遠近悲泣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3455" id="3462">〔五〕</a>落詮：詮，通「筌」。落詮，當爲「不落言筌」之略，指不拘泥於言辭表面。「落詮之知」指能夠理解言外之意的智慧。語出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">外物</span>：「筌者所以在魚，得魚而忘筌。蹄者所以在兔，得兔而忘蹄。言<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00568','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P568</span></i>者所以在意，得意而忘言。吾安得夫忘言之人而與之言哉！」又<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">詮言訓</span>註曰：「詮，就也。就萬物之指，以言其徵，事之所謂，道之所依也。」亦可參酌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3456" id="3463">〔六〕</a>猶預：猶豫。　嫌疑：懷疑，猜疑。　<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「將叛者其辭慚，中心疑者其辭枝，吉人之辭寡，躁人之辭多，誣善之人其辭游，失其守者其辭屈。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3457" id="3464">〔七〕</a>底本漫漶不清。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作「内」。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>撰<span class="shuming">涅槃疏</span>，慮匪叶于聖衷，置疏於舍利塔前，焚香請徵驗，其疏與舍利放光，通三晝夜，聯照不絶。而<span class="zhuanming">浄影</span>之徒，未之允也，長己所製，終於並驅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3472" id="3465">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【匪叶】上非也，下合也，和也。【衷】音中，善也，正也。【浄影】<span class="zhuanming">浄影</span>之徒者，<span class="zhuanming">隋文帝</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">遠法師</span>於<span class="zhuanming">天門</span>之南﹑大街之右﹑東西衝雲遊聚疲置寺，名曰<span class="zhuanming">浄影</span>。【長己】上直良切，遠也；下自己也。【驅】馳也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>既御，不假載燧；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">望舒，月光也。月光既出，行者不假執炬。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【望舒】月圓曰望，璃光曰舒。【御】進也。【載】音再，事也。又音在，運也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">翳</span>號既族，寧期私灑<a class="zhuhao" href="#3473" id="3466">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">翳</span>號，雲雷也。雲雷既布，甘澤普滋也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【灑】沙下切，霑灑也。</span> <span>而闔户之家，華釭特舉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">月影雖流，蘭釭尚照。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【闔】音盍，閉也。【釭】音江，灯也。</span> <span>營圃之叟，綆缶自溉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3474" id="3467">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">芸蔬不可不灌。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【營圃】上造也，下音補，種菜曰圃。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：吾不如老圃<a class="zhuhao" href="#3475" id="3468">〔四〕</a>。【綆缶】上音梗，井索也；下音否，瓦器也。【芸蔬】上菜名，美而可食；下所葅切，菜蔬也。</span> <span>良以遐光不燭隩，驟雨不滋本，各惟所利，爲美故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隩】深也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00569','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P569</span></i> <span>議者以<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>則文句愜當，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>則標舉宏贍。學者彈其美，該善而求諸，不以感靈，得<span class="zhuanming">延</span>而廢<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3476" id="3469">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彈，劾也。<span class="zhuanming">北遠</span>與<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>俱著<span class="shuming">涅槃經疏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>則文詞博贍，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>則言旨簡當。後多傳<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>疏，不以<span class="zhuanming">延</span>疏有放光之靈故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宏贍】上大也；下豐也。【彈】音壇，督察也，糾也。【該】備也。【劾】胡得切，推窮罪人也。</span> <span>故古云：「雖有挈瓶之智，而守不假器<a class="zhuhao" href="#3477" id="3470">〔六〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>云：挈瓶，小智也。雖小智所守，不可假人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【挈】苦結切，提也。【雖有挈瓶之智】喻<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>有大才，不可假人一章疏，遂自製<a class="zhuhao" href="#3478" id="3471">〔七〕</a>疏焉。</span> <span>其在法義匠焉。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3465" id="3472">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇延</span>，俗緣<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人也。……<span class="zhuanming">延</span>幽居静志，欲著<span class="shuming">涅槃大疏</span>。……纘撰既訖，猶恐不合正理，遂持經及疏，陳於州治<span class="zhuanming">仁壽寺</span>舍利塔前，燒香誓曰：『<span class="zhuanming">延</span>以凡度仰測聖心，銓釋已了，具如别卷。若幽微深達，願示明靈。如無所感，誓不傳授。』言訖，<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>卷軸並放光明，通夜呈祥，道俗稱慶。塔中舍利，又放神光，三日三夜，輝耀不絶，上屬天漢，下照山河，合境望光，皆來謁拜。其光相所照，與<span class="zhuanming">妙法師</span>大同，則師資通感也。乃表以聞，帝大悦，敕<span class="zhuanming">延</span>就講。既感徵瑞，便長弘演。所著文疏詳之于世，時諸英達僉議，用比<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>所制。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃文句愜當，世實罕加。而標舉宏綱，通鏡長騖，則<span class="zhuanming">延</span>過之久矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3466" id="3473">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>：神話中爲月駕車的神。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">離騷</span>：「前<span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>使先驅兮，後<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>使奔屬。」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>，月御也。」　<span class="zhuanming">翳</span>：<span class="zhuanming">蓱翳</span>，傳説中的雨師名。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">天問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">蓱</span>號起雨，何以興之？」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">蓱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蓱翳</span>，雨師名也。號，呼也。言雨師號呼，則雲起而雨下。」<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">海外東經</span>：「雨師妾在其北。其爲人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00570','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P570</span></i>黑，兩手各操一蛇，左耳有青蛇，右耳有赤蛇。一曰在十日北，爲人黑身人面，各操一龜。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注：「雨師謂<span class="zhuanming">屏翳</span>也。」　族：聚合，集中。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3467" id="3474">〔三〕</a>綆：汲水用的繩索。　缶：汲水用的瓦器。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公九年</span>：「具綆﹑缶，備水器。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3468" id="3475">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>請學稼。子曰：『吾不如老農。』請學爲圃。子曰：『吾不如老圃。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3469" id="3476">〔五〕</a>標舉：高超，超逸。　宏贍：謂氣勢宏大，辭藻豐贍。按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人也。……又自説云：初作<span class="shuming">涅槃疏</span>訖，未敢依講。發願乞相，夢見自手造素七佛八菩薩像，形並端峙，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>自繢飾。所畫既竟，像皆次第起行。末後一像彩畫將了，旁有一人來從索筆，代<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>成之。覺後思曰：『此相有流末世之境也。』乃廣開敷之，信如夢矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3470" id="3477">〔六〕</a>挈瓶：汲水用的小瓶，比喻才智淺小。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公七年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人來治<span class="zhuanming">杞</span>田，<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>將以<span class="zhuanming">成</span>與之。<span class="zhuanming">謝息</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>守，不可，曰：『人有言曰：「雖有挈瓶之知，守不假器，禮也。」夫子從君，而守臣喪邑，雖吾子亦有猜焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3471" id="3478">〔七〕</a>製：原作「制衣」兩字。</span> </p><p> <span>今有行事，皆尚<span class="zhuanming">中天</span>爲美，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語皆以新經爲正。詳夫<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>諸國，王制各異，況年世今古，風俗治亂？原夫<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>隨其至邦，因事演教，豈得同其律度，一彼量衡？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">量，斗也。衡，稱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【律度】上管也，下音度，量也。謂分寸尺丈是也。【量衡】上度也，下音行，平也。謂銖斤兩等。</span> <span>故由旬俱盧舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#3482" id="3479">〔一〕</a>，遠近殊説；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八俱盧舍爲一由旬。或云十六里，或四十里，遠近不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00571','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P571</span></i>同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由旬】或云由義，又踰闍那，皆訛也。新云踰善那，有云四十里，又云三十里，有云三十二里，新云一十六里。【俱盧舍】謂大牛鳴聲所及處。有云四里，或八里，有云十六里，有云一里半。</span> <span>安居置閏，延促多類<a class="zhuhao" href="#3483" id="3480">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">安居有七，前安居四月十六日，中安居十七至五月十五日，後安居五月十六日。分四心念﹑對首﹑忘成﹑及界。及界有四，一足及界﹑二足及界﹑一足及藍﹑二足及藍，並前爲七也。於五衆比丘﹑比丘尼﹑式叉﹑沙彌﹑沙彌尼<a class="zhuhao" href="#3484" id="3481">〔三〕</a>。前安居五七三十五，後亦三十五，成七十。中安居只有心念﹑對首二，二五十也，共成八十。安居心念謂獨住無人作法也。對首如常，忘成偶忘，至十七日欲明方記，亦成安居。中安居一月，故無此也。及界等，謂從外來，未明至寺。一足入，亦得也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【安居有三】前﹑中﹑後，七者非。</span> <span>而往者未應遍覩，來者何無寡知，奈何欲以<span class="zhuanming">中天</span>一世，定聖人萬方千古之教歟？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3479" id="3482">〔一〕</a>俱盧舍：又作「拘盧舍」﹑「拘婁奢」﹑「句盧舍」等，牛聲或鼓聲得聞之最大距離。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「夫數量之稱，謂逾繕那。舊曰由旬，又曰逾闍那，又曰由延，皆訛略也。逾繕那者，自古聖王一日軍行也。舊傳一逾繕那四十里矣，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>國俗乃三十里。聖教所載唯十六里，窮微之數，分一逾繕那爲八拘盧舍。拘盧舍者，謂大牛鳴聲所極聞，稱拘盧舍。分一拘盧舍爲五百弓，分一弓爲四肘，分一肘爲二十四指，分一指節爲七宿麥。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3480" id="3483">〔二〕</a>安居：又稱坐夏或坐臘。佛教制度，每年雨季三個月期間，僧徒集中寺舍，禁止外出，致力於禪定修學。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「故<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>僧徒，依佛聖教，坐雨安居，或前三月，或後三月。前三月當此五月十六日至八月十五日，後三月當此從六月十六日至九月十五日。前代譯經論者，或云<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00572','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P572</span></i>坐夏，或云坐臘。」<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>僧徒坐夏爲農曆四月十六日至七月十五日的三個月。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陁國上</span>：「良以方言未融，傳譯有謬，分時計月，致斯乖異，故以四月十六日入安居，七月十五日解安居也。」　延促：長短。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3481" id="3484">〔三〕</a>四心念：指四念處，是指四個安頓心念的處所，又稱四念處觀。就是觀身不浄﹑觀受是苦﹑觀心無常﹑觀法無我，以達到破除執著的浄﹑樂﹑常﹑我四個顛倒。　對首：又作對手﹑對首懺﹑對首懺悔。首，即面。僧徒若犯四十八輕罪而須行懺悔法時，須面對其他之修行僧（一人至三人），禀陳事實，表示悔悟之意，故稱對首。　式叉：式叉摩那尼之略。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一四：「<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云式叉摩那，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言正學。正謂正學六法。言六法者，謂不婬﹑不盜﹑不殺﹑不虚誑語﹑不飲諸酒﹑不非時食。」<span class="shuming">行事鈔資持記</span>上一之二曰：「式叉摩那，此云學法女。由尼報弱，就小學中别提六行爲具方便。二年則驗胎有無，六法則顯行貞固，十誦所謂練身練心，即是義也。」</span> </p><p> <span>經曰：「若人生百歲，不解生滅法，不如生一日，而得解了之。」時有比丘承師誤訓，誦云：「若人生百歲，不識水老鶴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3495" id="3485">〔一〕</a>，不如生一日，而得覩見之。」<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>聞而歔欷，往正彼師，竟不令改，黨之由矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【歔欷】上音虚，虚欷也，歎息皃；下欣衣﹑欣既二切，悲也。</span> <span>夫師者莫大於佛後之學者，各師其師，不承佛爲師。故有採相似之言，逗未濟之俗，祛經像，傳自性，曰：「吾宗教焉。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3496" id="3486">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">若言句之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【吾宗教焉】吾宗禪祖門教令如是也。</span> <span>其釋説之家，皆檢以疏論，發詞斷理，曾不用經，通練其事<a class="zhuhao" href="#3497" id="3487">〔三〕</a>，曰：「吾受<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00573','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P573</span></i>之於吾師也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂講説之家。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斷】决判也。【練】綜習也。</span> <span>夫師者可因之學，非守其所學。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">發明在師，變通由己。</span> <span>章疏可用之爲筌罤，非可守其筌罤，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">筌，取魚器。罤，取兔器。</span> <span>以滯學封文，有至於生者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3498" id="3488">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不以文害意。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【滯學】宗師。【封文】講學。</span> <span>夫陪臣忠於諸侯，而不信於天子，則王化斁矣；家老忠於大夫，而不信於諸侯，則公室危矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3499" id="3489">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其由捨經文而執章疏也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陪臣】上薄回切，重也，隨也。天子臣諸侯，諸侯臣大夫，大夫名重臣也。【斁】音妬，敗也。<span class="shuming">書</span>云：彝倫無斁。從文不從犬也。【家老】大夫之臣。</span> <span>故黨者害上也，而彼非仁知其黨也。但嚴愛保乎其間，利譽存乎其中，損黨則所得不在己矣。昔<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>五邪，陷於熾火<a class="zhuhao" href="#3500" id="3490">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>以五逆入于地獄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【五邪】五逆也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span>猶有行其教者。豈非海上有酷齃，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">腋下惡氣，今謂之鵶臭。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【酷齃】上苦沃切，厚也；下音頞，鼻莖也。非用，宜鶻字，音喝，大臭氣也。【腋】音亦，肘也。【鵶臭】<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>人呼腋臭爲鵶臭，此云鶻臭是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3501" id="3491">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>猶不獨處，誠有慕類者焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人各有黨也。</span> <span>夫君子祗祗庸庸<a class="zhuhao" href="#3502" id="3492">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">祗，敬也。庸，用也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祗】旨夷切，敬也，飾也。祇悮。【庸】和也，易也。</span> <span>小人讎善，固黨甚矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嫉善朋惡之道也。</span> <span>相夫今世，皆隱其不能而詐其能，惡勝己而好不及己。夫逞於不及己者，若誇玄黄於瞽，翫宫徵於聾，徒爾爲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3503" id="3493">〔九〕</a>。若以<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>視﹑<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>聽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3504" id="3494">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>百步視秋毫，<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>聞聲知興廢。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離婁】<span class="shuming">列子</span>云<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>。注云：<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人也，能百步望秋毫之末。【師曠】<span class="zhuanming">晉平公</span>樂師，善察音律。</span> <span>則彼有所詳，吾得盡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00574','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P574</span></i>矣。故其高議奇談，必若鑿闇開牖，會有所見。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鑿闇開牖】夫爲室者，必穿闇開牖，要有所見者。有本聞，悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3485" id="3495">〔一〕</a>水老鶴：又稱水潦鶴﹑水白鶴﹑水白鷺，爲珍奇難遇之鳥。<span class="shuming">根本説一切有部毗奈耶雜事</span>卷四○載，<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>與諸苾芻（即比丘）在<span class="zhuanming">竹林園</span>，有一苾芻説頌曰：「若人壽百歲，不見水白鶴，不如一日生，得見水白鶴。」時<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>聞已，告彼苾芻曰：「汝所誦者，大師不作是語。然<span class="zhuanming">佛世尊</span>作如是説：若人壽百歲，不了於生滅，不如一日生，得了於生滅。」彼苾芻告知其師，其師謂<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>忘失記憶，不可依信：「<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>老暗，無力能憶持，出言多忘失，未必可依信。汝但依舊，如是誦持。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3486" id="3496">〔二〕</a>逗：招引，撩撥。　未濟：出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">未濟</span>：「火在水上，未濟，君子以慎辨物居方。」<span class="zhuanming">高亨</span>注：「火炎在上，水浸在下，水未能滅火，是救火之功未成。」未濟之俗，指還没有真正悟道的人。　祛：除去，消除。　自性：指一切事物本身具有的不變不滅之性。佛教不同流派，賦予其具體不同的含義。小乘有部的自性指因緣聚合的現象世界中，自生﹑自成﹑永恒存在的自體。大乘唯識宗的自性指依他生起的一切現象，各有相對獨立的體質及區别於他的功能。禪宗的自性，則指真如佛性。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3487" id="3497">〔三〕</a>通練：通曉熟悉。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3488" id="3498">〔四〕</a>筌：捕魚器。罤：捕兔器。筌罤喻指獲取佛道的工具。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷一上：「當知種種聲教，若微若著，若權若實，皆爲佛道而作筌罤。」　生：底本漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>作阙文。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3489" id="3499">〔五〕</a>陪臣：古代天子以諸侯爲臣，諸侯以大夫爲臣，大夫又自有家臣。因之大夫對於天子，大夫之家臣對於諸侯，都是隔了一層的臣，即所謂「重臣」，因之都稱爲「陪臣」。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">欒盈</span>過<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00575','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P575</span></i>於<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>西鄙掠之。辭於行人曰：『天子陪臣<span class="zhuanming">盈</span>得罪於王之守臣，將逃罪。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「諸侯之臣稱於天子曰陪臣。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮下</span>：「列國之大夫，入天子之國，曰『某士』，自稱曰『陪臣某』。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「亦謂諸侯之卿也。三命以下於天子爲曰某士者，如<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">韓起</span>聘於<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，儐者曰<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>士起。陪，重也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「其君已爲王臣，己今又爲己君之臣，故自稱對王曰重臣也。」　斁：敗壞。　家老：上古大夫家臣中的長者。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一四<span class="shuming">晉語八</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">叔向</span>聞之，見<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>曰：『聞子與和未寧，徧問於大夫，又無决，盍訪之<span class="zhuanming">訾祏</span>？<span class="zhuanming">訾祏</span>實直而博，直能端辨之，博能上下比之，且吾子之家老也。』」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「家臣室老。」　公室：指君主之家，王室。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3490" id="3500">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>。參前注。　五邪：即五逆。指五種大逆不道的罪過：殺父及母﹑阿羅漢，破壞聲聞和合僧，出佛身血。見<span class="shuming">佛説十輪經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3491" id="3501">〔七〕</a>鶻臭：猶狐臭。<span class="zhuanming">張商英</span><span class="shuming">續清涼傳</span>卷上：「（<span class="zhuanming">繼哲</span>）遂拂壁寫一偈云：『閲盡龍宫五百函，三年不下祕魔巖。須知别有安身處，脱却<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>鶻臭衫。』」<span class="zhuanming">釋惠洪</span><span class="shuming">僧寶傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">洞山守初禪師</span>：「若是衲僧凍殺餓殺，終不著渠鶻臭布衫。」又鵶臭，<span class="shuming">大慧普覺禪師宗門武庫</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大和</span>見乃唾云：『此頌如人患鵶臭當風立地，其氣不可聞。』自是<span class="zhuanming">白</span>不敢出似人。後<span class="zhuanming">黄魯直</span>聞之，到<span class="zhuanming">成都</span><span class="zhuanming">大慈寺</span>，大書於壁云：『<span class="zhuanming">峨嵋</span><span class="zhuanming">白長老</span>，千頌自成集。<span class="zhuanming">大和</span>曾有言，鵶臭當風立。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3492" id="3502">〔八〕</a>祗：底本正文及<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注均誤爲「祇」，此據文意及<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>注改。祗庸：敬而有常。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">大司樂</span>：「以樂德教國子，中和祗庸孝友。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「祗，敬。庸，有常也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3493" id="3503">〔九〕</a>宫﹑徵：古代五音「宫商角徵羽」之一，借指音樂。　徒爾：徒然，枉然。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00576','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P576</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3494" id="3504">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>：相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人，視力特别好。　<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span><span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>樂師，善於辨音。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">離婁上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>之明，<span class="zhuanming">公輸子</span>之巧，不以規矩，不能成方圓。<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>之聰，不以六律，不能正五音。』」<span class="zhuanming">焦循</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>，古之明目者，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人也。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>亡其玄珠，使<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>索之。<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>也，能視於百步之外，見秋毫之末。」</span> </p><p> <span>至若褒貶不佞，崇替克顯<a class="zhuhao" href="#3515" id="3505">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">崇，重。替，廢也。褒貶不徇於世，可謂君子也。</span> <span>舉世然之，或謂之不然；舉世不然之，或謂之然。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">衆惡之必察焉，衆好之必察焉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【舉】遍也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>昏慝也，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以爲賢君，任智授能，不亡社稷也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3516" id="3506">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昏，暗。慝，惡也。<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>雖無道而不亡者，<span class="zhuanming">王孫賈</span>治軍旅，<span class="zhuanming">祝鮀</span>治宗廟，<span class="zhuanming">仲叔圉</span>治賓客故也。以其用人，夫子稱之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【任智】委信也。【王孫賈】<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>執政大夫。【軍旅】<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">夏官</span><span class="shuming">司馬</span>云：凡萬二千五百爲軍。王六軍，大國三軍，次國二軍，小國一軍；旅，音吕，軍五百人爲旅也。【祝鮀】上音粥，姓也；下音駝，名也。乃<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">魚</span>也，時世貴其口佞。【仲叔圉】下音語，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>淵慧也，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以爲不賢，不仁不智，兩至乎三也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3517" id="3507">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>有三不仁：下<span class="zhuanming">展禽</span>﹑縱逆祀﹑妾織蒲；三不智：廢六關﹑祀爰鶋﹑作虚器。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臧文仲】<span class="zhuanming">魯孝公</span><span class="zhuanming">臧僖伯</span>之後，以<span class="zhuanming">臧</span>爲氏。<span class="zhuanming">文仲</span>執<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>政。【展禽】<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>也。【縱逆祝】上去呼，放捨也。謂躋<span class="zhuanming">僖公</span>在<span class="zhuanming">閔公</span>上也。【妾織蒲】爲家貪利。【廢六關】上退也，放置也。或云置六關。置，安設也。令税行人。【祀爰鶋】中是雞字。下音居。祀爰，海鳥也。【作虚器】謂居蔡。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>九合爲功，降爲小器<a class="zhuhao" href="#3518" id="3508">〔四〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">輔<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>，不至王道而以霸術，故小之也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">魯君</span>墮玉，黜爲不幸<a class="zhuhao" href="#3519" id="3509">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯定公</span>十五年，<span class="zhuanming">邾隱公</span>來朝，執玉高，其容<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00577','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P577</span></i>仰。<span class="zhuanming">定公</span>受玉卑<a class="zhuhao" href="#3520" id="3510">〔六〕</a>，其容俯。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：「以禮觀之，此二君皆有死亡焉。」此年<span class="zhuanming">定公</span>薨，<span class="zhuanming">魯哀</span>七年，<span class="zhuanming">邾子</span>出奔，皆如其言。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邾】音株，國名。<span class="shuming">列國圖</span>在<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之西，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>之南也。</span> <span>是以口爲詞圃，心爲智府，園不德之䉉稜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">䉉，方也。稜，角也。有智者能圓之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圓】五丸切，削也。【窳】胡﹑沽二音，方也。【稜】音楞，方木也。</span> <span>發沉善之輝華，方可謂之人倫鞶鑑矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鞶鑑，鏡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞶鑑】上薄官切，大帶也。下古懺切，鏡也。鞶鑑見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3521" id="3511">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>今者一夫謬非，和者萬計；一夫猥譽，和者亦萬計。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">隨流逐塊者衆也。</span> <span>唯唯然都不知所以善惡也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3522" id="3512">〔八〕</a>。其有鄙争好勝之門，自不隱括其愚，馳突擊搏<a class="zhuhao" href="#3523" id="3513">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以所習爲矛楯，以同侣爲勍敵。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隱括】上私也，下檢也。</span> <span>若旝投于石，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">旝者，以木引石，用擊敵人。若今之𣚃槔，所謂抛是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【旝】古外切，以木直石投敵也。</span> <span>以爲能掩敵疆埸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音易，邊界之地。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疆埸】邊界。</span> <span>莫有攸忌。於所不與者，則奔嚙踶蹋而可畏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3524" id="3514">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">朋黨宗徒，互生毁滅，所謂惡之欲其死也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【與】善也。【踶蹋】上音第，蹋也。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：馬怒則分背相踶。下踐也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3505" id="3515">〔一〕</a>崇替：興廢，盛衰。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">楚語下</span>：「吾聞君子唯獨居思念前世之崇替者，與哀殯喪，於是有歎，其餘則否。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「崇，終也；替，廢也。」按：<span class="zhuanming">俞樾</span><span class="shuming">古書疑義舉例</span><span class="shuming">兩字對文而誤解例</span>：「按崇替二字對文，<span class="zhuanming">韋</span>注曰：『崇，終也；替，廢也。』是未達崇字之義。<span class="shuming">文選</span><span class="shuming">東京賦</span><span class="zhuanming">薛綜</span>注曰：『崇猶興也。』然則崇替猶言興廢。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00578','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P578</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3506" id="3516">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷三<span class="shuming">賢君</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『當今之君，孰爲最賢？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>未之見也，抑有<span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>乎？』公曰：『吾聞其閨門之内無别，而子次之賢，何也？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『臣語其朝廷行事，不論其私家之際也。』公曰：『其事何如？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>之弟曰：<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">渠牟</span>，其智足以治千乘，其信足以守之，<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>愛而任之。又有士<span class="zhuanming">林國</span>者，見賢必進之，而退與分其禄，是以<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>無遊放之士，<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>賢而尊之。又有士曰<span class="zhuanming">慶足</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">衛國</span>有大事，則必起而治之；國無事，則退而容賢，<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>悦而敬之。又有大夫<span class="zhuanming">史鰌</span>，以道去<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>郊舍三日，琴瑟不御，必待<span class="zhuanming">史鰌</span>之入，而後敢入。臣以此取之，雖次之賢，不亦可乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3507" id="3517">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>其竊位者與！知<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>之賢而不與立也。』」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>，其不仁者三，不知者三：下<span class="zhuanming">展禽</span>﹑廢六關﹑妾織蒲，三不仁也；作虚器﹑縱逆祀﹑祀爰居，三不知也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3508" id="3518">〔四〕</a>九合：多次會盟。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>九合諸侯，不以兵車，<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>之力也。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「言九合者，<span class="shuming">史記</span>云：兵車之會三，乘車之會六。<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span>云：衣裳之會十有一。」一説謂糾合。<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「九，<span class="shuming">春秋傳</span>作『糾』，督也，古字通用。」　小器：器量狹小。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>之器小哉！』或曰：『<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>儉乎？』曰：『<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>有三歸，官事不攝，焉得儉？』『然則<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>知禮乎？』曰：『邦君樹塞門，<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>亦樹塞門；邦君爲兩君之好，有反坫，<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>亦有反坫。<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>而知禮，孰不知禮？』」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「言其器量小也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3509" id="3519">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">定公十五年</span>：「十五年春，<span class="zhuanming">邾隱公</span>來朝。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>觀焉。<span class="zhuanming">邾子</span>執玉高，其容仰。公受玉卑，其容俯。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00579','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P579</span></i><span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『以禮觀之，二君者，皆有死亡焉。夫禮，死生存亡之體也。將左右﹑周旋﹑進退﹑俯仰，於是乎取之；朝﹑祀﹑喪﹑戎，於是乎觀之。今正月相朝，而皆不度，心已亡矣。嘉事不體，何以能久？高﹑仰，驕也；卑﹑俯，替也。驕近亂，替近病。君爲主，其先亡乎！』……夏五月壬申，公薨。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>不幸言而中，是使<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>多言者也。』」又見<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷四<span class="shuming">辯物</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3510" id="3520">〔六〕</a>玉卑：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「王畢」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3511" id="3521">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公二十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄭伯</span>之享王也，王以后之鞶鑑予之。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「鞶，帶而以鏡爲飾也，今西方<span class="zhuanming">羌胡</span>猶然。古之遺服。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3512" id="3522">〔八〕</a>猥：鄙陋，卑鄙。　唯唯：恭敬的應答聲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3513" id="3523">〔九〕</a>隱括：矯正，修正。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">鄧訓傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">訓</span>考量隱括。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「隱審量括之也。<span class="shuming">孫卿子</span>曰『拘木必待隱括蒸揉然後直』也。」　馳突：快跑猛衝。　擊搏：出擊。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3514" id="3524">〔一○〕</a>與：親近，讚許。　嚙：咬。　踶：踢。</span> </p><p> <span>夫弘藝者不必誡，精識者難爲合，弘則時不爲要，精乃人惡其察，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有高人之行者，故見誹於世；有獨知之慮者，必見慠於人。</span> <span>但不可以其然而不爲之然也。今翾爾學徒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">翾，小飛之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翾】許緣切，小飛之類。</span> <span>於疏論禪法，皆劣他優己。以己所未聞，謂人之未聞；以己所未知，謂人之未知。曾不參較衆匠，决其所專，是以微善所習而愚所不習，顧其器則滿無以加也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">籠羅於鄙俚之徒，鼓扇向庸愚之内。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【參較】參，受决也；下音角，明也，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00580','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P580</span></i>直也。</span> </p><p> <span>夫夢者覺乃知是夢，迷者悟乃知是迷。向使正處迷夢之間，人謂迷夢者，彼必詬咤矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">詬咤，怒駡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詬咤】上音寇，駡也；下陟駕切，怒也。</span> <span>觀乎往所製撰者，鮮有正於名理，如<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>云鸚鵡死云「滅度」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3531" id="3525">〔一〕</a>；<span class="zhuanming">道法</span>徂世，稱定中坐化<a class="zhuhao" href="#3532" id="3526">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一切定心，無有死生。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徂】作胡切，往也。宜殂字，死也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">什公誄</span>言薨<a class="zhuhao" href="#3533" id="3527">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天子曰崩，如天地崩壞也；諸侯曰薨，如山摧之聲也。今或以<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>比諸侯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誄】述前人功德也。【薨】呼宏切，亡也。凡二品已上曰薨，五品已上曰卒，六品已下達於庶人曰死。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>大捨懺，謂之捨墮<a class="zhuhao" href="#3534" id="3528">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">墮，罪名也，謂三十尼薩耆也。如畜長衣十日，應兩人對手假捨，謂之捨。若過十日不捨，則結尼薩耆罪，謂之墮，故曰捨墮。今捨財懺罪，但可云捨懺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3535" id="3529">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【長衣】上去呼，多也，勝也。物長尺六，皆名長衣。<span class="shuming">四分</span>云：長衣者，長<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>八指，廣四指佛指，面廣二寸也。</span> <span>蓋流俗淺誤，不忌之談也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3536" id="3530">〔六〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3525" id="3531">〔一〕</a>滅度：即涅槃。滅是滅盡見思﹑塵沙﹑無明三種惑，度是度脱分段﹑變易兩種生死。按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧約傳</span>：「有二孔雀，驅斥不去，敕乃聽上。徐行至壇，俛頸聽法。上曰：『此鳥必欲滅度，别受餘果。』矜其至誠，更爲説法。後數日，二鳥無何同化。」未見云鸚鵡滅度者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3526" id="3532">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">道法傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋道法</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">曹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">元徽</span>二年（四七四）於定中滅度，平坐繩床，貌悦恒日。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3527" id="3533">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷二三<span class="zhuanming">釋僧肇</span><span class="shuming">鳩摩羅什法師誄</span>：「癸丑之年，年七十，四月十三日薨於大寺。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00581','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P581</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3528" id="3534">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>卷一○：「又告門人曰：吾無常期至，意欲捨墮，宜命有緣總集。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3529" id="3535">〔五〕</a>尼薩耆：即尼薩耆波逸提，意譯「盡捨墮」﹑「捨墮」。尼薩耆，意爲「盡捨」；波逸提，意爲墮。即波逸提之一種，謂應捨棄集貯無用的長物﹑貪心﹑罪業。共有三十條戒，稱爲三十捨墮。<span class="shuming">四分比丘戒本疏</span>卷下：「尼薩耆者，此翻爲盡捨。波逸提者，此翻爲墮。謂犯此罪，牽墮三惡。此就總名，故稱爲墮。若犯此墮，要先捨財，後懺墮罪，故云捨墮。」　長衣：指比丘三衣或百一資具以外之衣。長，爲長物之義。<span class="shuming">四分律删繁補闕行事鈔</span>卷中（二）：「長衣，謂三衣之外財也。」按：此爲佛教畜長衣過限戒，二百五十戒中三十捨墮罪之第一。比丘若於三衣或百一資具之外，得周尺一尺六寸﹑廣八寸已上之衣體，則於十日以内，宜行説浄之法。若不作此法而畜之，過十日之限，則自十一日之明相現時結捨墮罪。<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>卷八：「比丘畜長衣不作浄施，而謂已作浄施，過十日，尼薩耆波夜提。」<span class="shuming">四分戒本疏</span>卷二：「貯用屬己名畜，限分之餘稱長，越於期限，故日過十日，能所通舉，故曰畜長衣過十日戒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3530" id="3536">〔六〕</a>不忌：不畏忌，不忌諱。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十四年</span>：「貪以敗官爲墨，殺人不忌爲賊。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「君子於其言，無所苟而已矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">苟，且也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>君待子而爲政，子曰：「必也正名乎。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3544" id="3537">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>召夫子，<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問：「夫子若至<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，將何先行？」子云：「先正百物之名。名不正則言不順，言不順則事不成。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衛靈公】下二字悮，應云衛君轍。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈幹</span>講<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>，作華藏觀。臨終，天樂來迎，<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>辭不欲往。俄見大水瀰漫，坐蓮華中，彼傳者若不達，夫天宫亦<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00582','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P582</span></i>在乎華藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3545" id="3538">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">説者意云：<span class="zhuanming">靈幹</span>不欲生天，要生諸佛土則不達。華藏包含法界，豈無諸天乎？蓋傳者謬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靈幹】<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>高僧也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">曇榮</span>有僧行，道見光中七佛。告云：「是賢劫普明佛。」今以百劫修相好，真化求之，如實未得矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3546" id="3539">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十地滿心金剛定後<a class="zhuhao" href="#3547" id="3540">〔四〕</a>，方百劫修相好，千劫學佛威儀，萬劫學化行等。若是真身，豈容凡見？若是化身，安能修相好也。</span> <span>夫事不足紀，言不爲典，何煩簡牘耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">事非稽古，何足編傳？</span> <span>是以大辯無言，言則導意<a class="zhuhao" href="#3548" id="3541">〔五〕</a>，意必有歸。故洞微而語要，盡詞而旨密，於其誣則不書。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">續傳序</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法進</span>作水觀，家人取柴，見繩牀上有好清水，拾二石子安之，<span class="zhuanming">進</span>暮還，覺背痛等。此乃謬之甚也。且作觀是獨影境，唯假想，若令别人見，則屬性境，此乃<span class="zhuanming">宣公</span>孟浪之談也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3549" id="3542">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孟浪】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：夫子以爲孟浪之語，乃漫瀾無所趣會之。<span class="shuming">吴都賦</span>注云鄙野之語矣。</span> <span>振世必紀，是謂彝准<a class="zhuhao" href="#3550" id="3543">〔七〕</a>。於儒<span class="zhuanming">老</span>亦然哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【振】舉也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3537" id="3544">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">衛君</span>待子而爲政，子將奚先？』子曰：『必也正名乎！』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？』子曰：『野哉，<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也！君子於其所不知，蓋闕如也。名不正，則言不順；言不順，則事不成；事不成，則禮樂不興；禮樂不興，則刑罰不中；刑罰不中，則民無所錯手足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也。君子於其言，無所苟而已矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3538" id="3545">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">靈幹傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋靈幹</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金城</span><span class="zhuanming">狄道</span>人。……初，<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>志奉<span class="shuming">華嚴</span>，常依經本，作蓮華藏世界海觀及<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>天宫觀。至於疾甚，目精上視，不與人對。久之，乃垂顧如常日。沙門<span class="zhuanming">童真</span>問疾，因見是相。<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">真</span>曰：『向見青衣童子二人來召，相逐而去。至<span class="zhuanming">兜率天</span>城外，未得入宫。若翹<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00583','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P583</span></i>足舉望，則見城中寶樹花蓋。若平立，則無所見也。』旁侍疾者曰：『向舉目者，是其相矣。』<span class="zhuanming">真</span>曰：『若即往彼，大遂本願。』<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>曰：『天樂非久，終墜輪迴。蓮華藏世界，是所圖也。』不久氣絶，須臾復還。<span class="zhuanming">真</span>問：『何所見耶？』<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>曰：『見大水遍滿，華如車輪。<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>坐其上，所願足矣。』尋爾便卒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3539" id="3546">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二○<span class="shuming">曇榮傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇榮</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">張氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">九門</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>七年，清信士<span class="zhuanming">常凝保</span>等請<span class="zhuanming">榮</span>於州治<span class="zhuanming">法住寺</span>行方等悔法。至七月十四日，有本寺沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧定</span>者，戒行精固，於道場内見大光明。五色間起，從上而下。中有七佛，相好非常。語<span class="zhuanming">僧定</span>云：『我是<span class="zhuanming">毗婆尸如來</span>無所著至真等正覺，以汝罪銷，故來爲證，然非本師，不與授記。』如是六佛，皆同此詞。最後一佛云：『我是汝本師<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>也。爲汝罪銷，故來授記。<span class="zhuanming">曇榮</span>是汝滅罪良緣，於賢劫中名<span class="zhuanming">普寧佛</span>。汝身器清浄，後當作佛，名爲<span class="zhuanming">普明</span>。』若斯之應現感靈祥，信難圖矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3540" id="3547">〔四〕</a>十地：菩薩修行過程中漸近於佛的十種境界，亦稱十住。<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>卷二三：「菩薩摩訶薩智地有十，過去﹑現在﹑未來諸佛已説﹑今説﹑當説，爲是地故，我如是説。何等爲十？一曰歡喜，二曰離垢，三曰明，四曰焰，五曰難勝，六曰現前，七曰遠行，八曰不動，九曰善慧，十曰法雲。」　金剛定：又曰金剛喻定﹑金剛三昧，菩薩於最後位斷滅最極微細之煩惱的禪定名。其智用堅利，譬如金剛。<span class="shuming">仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經</span>卷上：「動相滅時，名金剛定。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3541" id="3548">〔五〕</a>大辯無言：有口才﹑善於辯論的人，並不多説話以顯示自己。大辯：善於辯論。語出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「大辯不言，大仁不仁。」「大辯不言」，<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「已自别也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「妙悟真宗，無可稱説，故辯彫萬物，而言無所有。」　導意：致意。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00584','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P584</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3542" id="3549">〔六〕</a>孟浪：荒誕没有邊際。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「夫子以爲孟浪之言，而我以爲妙道之行也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「孟浪，猶率略也。」<span class="zhuanming">宣公</span>孟浪之談，見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陳靈公</span>與<span class="zhuanming">孔寧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">儀行父</span>飲酒於<span class="zhuanming">夏氏</span>。公謂<span class="zhuanming">行父</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">徵舒</span>似女。』對曰：『亦似君。』<span class="zhuanming">徵舒</span>病之。公出，自其厩射而殺之。二子奔<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>。」　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">法進傳</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法進</span>，不知氏族，住<span class="zhuanming">益州</span><span class="zhuanming">綿竹縣</span><span class="zhuanming">響應山</span><span class="zhuanming">玉女寺</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">輝禪師</span>弟子。……後教水觀。家人取柴，見繩床上有好清水。拾兩白石，安著水中。<span class="zhuanming">進</span>暮還寺，彌覺背痛。具問家人，云安石子。語令明往，可除此石。及旦進禪，家人還見如初清水。即除石子，所苦便愈。」按：本事出<span class="shuming">大佛頂萬行首楞嚴經</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">月光童子</span>即從座起，頂禮佛足而白佛言：我憶往昔<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>沙劫，有佛出世，名爲<span class="zhuanming">水天</span>。教諸菩薩，修習水精，入三摩地。觀於身中，水性無奪。初從涕唾，如是窮盡。津液精血，大小便利，身中漩澓，水性一同，見水身中與世界外浮幢王刹諸香水海等無差别。我於是時，初成此觀。但見其水，未得無身，當爲比丘室中安禪。我有弟子窺窗觀室，唯見清水，遍在屋中，了無所見。童稚無知，取一瓦礫投於水内。激水作聲，顧盻而去。我出定後，頓覺心痛，如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>遭違害鬼。我自思惟：『今我已得阿羅漢道，久離病緣，云何今日，忽生心痛，將無退失？』爾時童子捷來我前，説如上事，我則告言：『汝更見水，可即開門，入此水中，除去瓦礫。』童子奉教，後入定時，還復見水，瓦礫宛然，開門除出，我後出定，身質如初。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3543" id="3550">〔七〕</a>彝准：準則。</span> </p><p> <span>若乃評今古﹑諦否臧，不可以尊嚴稱，不可以卑辱廢，不可以親厚黨，不可以嫌隟頗<a class="zhuhao" href="#3560" id="3551">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夫爲史筆，一曰才﹑二曰學﹑三曰斷。自非<span class="zhuanming">董狐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南史</span>之流，莫當此任也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3561" id="3552">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黨】與也，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00585','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P585</span></i>美也。【頗嫌隟】上偏，中心不平也；下綺戟切，怨也。【董<a class="zhuhao" href="#3562" id="3553">〔三〕</a>狐】<span class="zhuanming">晉靈公</span>太史名也。【南史】<span class="zhuanming">齊莊公</span>史官。</span> <span>彼<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之<span class="zhuanming">三桓</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔孫</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">魯桓公</span>之後。</span> <span>識豈齊於<span class="zhuanming">顔</span><span class="zhuanming">閔</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3563" id="3554">〔四〕</a>？<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之七貴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3564" id="3555">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span>之族，七代貴盛也。<span class="zhuanming">左思</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span>籍舊業，七葉珥<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>貂。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仲孫】後改爲<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之下卿。【叔孫】<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之中卿。【金張】<span class="zhuanming">金日磾</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張陽</span>也。詩云：「鬱鬱澗底松，離離山上苗。以彼徑寸莖，蔭此百尺條。世胄<a class="zhuhao" href="#3565" id="3556">〔六〕</a>躡高位，英俊沉下僚。地勢使之然，由來非一朝。<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span>藉舊業，七葉躡金貂。<span class="zhuanming">馮公</span>豈不偉，白首不見招。」<span class="zhuanming">金日磾</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>内侍。<span class="zhuanming">張陽</span>，封<span class="zhuanming">富平侯</span>。【珥】仍志切，飾也，璫也。【貂】音刁，蟬冠也。</span> <span>才豈出於<span class="zhuanming">揚</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子雲</span>。著<span class="shuming">大玄經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法言</span>﹑<span class="shuming">方言</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">長卿</span>。著<span class="shuming">封禪文</span>﹑文賦等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【封禪】下音善，封<span class="zhuanming">泰山</span>禪<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>，告天地有所成也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">有子</span>視桐棺四寸，知死不欲速朽。<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>引詩人興詠，發起予之歎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3566" id="3557">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子曰：「起予者<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【有子視桐棺四寸】<span class="shuming">檀弓</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『問喪於夫子乎？』曰：『聞之矣。喪欲速貧<a class="zhuhao" href="#3567" id="3558">〔八〕</a>，死欲速朽。』『是非君子之言也。<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">參</span>也與<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>聞之。』<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『然。然則夫子有爲言之也？』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>以斯言告於<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>曰：『昔者夫子居於<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">桓司馬</span>爲石槨，三年不成。夫子曰：「若是其靡也，死不如速朽之愈也。」死之欲速朽，爲<span class="zhuanming">桓司馬</span>言之也。又<span class="zhuanming">南宫敬叔</span>反，必載寶而朝。夫子曰：「若是其貨，喪不如速貧之愈也。」喪之欲速貧，爲<span class="zhuanming">敬叔</span>言之也。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>以<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>之言告於<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『然。吾固曰非夫子之言也。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『何以知之？』<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『夫子制於<span class="zhuanming">中都</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3568" id="3559">〔九〕</a>，四寸之棺，五寸之槨。以此知不欲速朽也。』」【卜商】<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>名也。<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>引<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「巧笑」等，易知。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00586','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P586</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3551" id="3560">〔一〕</a>諦：細察，詳審。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「諦，審也。」　否臧：成敗﹑善惡﹑優劣。否，惡；臧，善。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">師</span>：「師出以律，否臧，凶。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「否謂破敗，臧謂有功。」　尊嚴：尊貴威嚴。　稱：稱讚，讚揚。　卑辱：卑微屈辱。　親厚：關係親密，感情深厚。　嫌隟：因猜疑﹑不滿等産生的惡感﹑仇怨。　頗：偏頗，不公正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3552" id="3561">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">董狐</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span><span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>太史，亦稱<span class="zhuanming">史狐</span>。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公二年</span>：「乙丑，<span class="zhuanming">趙穿</span>攻<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>於<span class="zhuanming">桃園</span>。<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>未出山而復。太史書曰『<span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>弑其君』，以示於朝。<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>曰：『不然。』對曰：『子爲正卿，亡不越竟，反不討賊，非子而誰？』……<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">董狐</span>，古之良史也，書法不隱。』」　<span class="zhuanming">南史</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span><span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>史官。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十五年</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">崔杼</span>殺了國君，「太史書曰：『<span class="zhuanming">崔杼</span>弑其君。』<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>殺之。其弟嗣書，而死者二人，其弟又書，乃舍之。<span class="zhuanming">南史氏</span>聞太史盡死，執簡以往，聞既書矣，乃還。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3553" id="3562">〔三〕</a>董：原誤作「薰」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3554" id="3563">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">顔</span><span class="zhuanming">閔</span>：<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3555" id="3564">〔五〕</a>七貴：指<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>時七個以外戚關係把持朝政的家族。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一○<span class="zhuanming">潘安仁</span><span class="shuming">西征賦</span>：「窺七貴於<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>庭，譸一姓之或在。」<span class="zhuanming">李周翰</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>庭七貴：<span class="zhuanming">吕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">霍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">上官</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">丁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，並后族也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3556" id="3565">〔六〕</a>胄：原誤作「謂」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3557" id="3566">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">有子</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">有若</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子。<span class="shuming">禮記檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>以<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>之言告於<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『然。吾固曰非夫子之言也。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『子何以知之？』<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『夫子制於<span class="zhuanming">中都</span>，四寸之棺，五寸之椁，以斯知不欲速朽也。昔者，夫子失<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>司寇，將之<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>，蓋先之以<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>，又申之以<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>，以斯知不欲速貧也。』」　<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00587','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P587</span></i><span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>：<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>問曰：『「巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以爲絢兮。」何謂也？』子曰：『繪事後素。』曰：『禮後乎？』子曰：『起予者<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也，始可與言<span class="shuming">詩</span>已矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3558" id="3567">〔八〕</a>貧：原誤爲「貪」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3559" id="3568">〔九〕</a>都：原作「庸」，據出處改。<span class="zhuanming">中都</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>邑名。</span> </p><p> <span>自金言遐萃，綴述多門<a class="zhuhao" href="#3578" id="3569">〔一〕</a>。廣本略本，名義不同。單譯重譯，有無差異。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">藏經有一譯謂之單，二三已上謂之重譯也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>俾依義不依語，此先見之著也。佛有八音四辯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八音，一清浄音﹑二柔軟音﹑三和適音﹑四諦了音﹑五不女音﹑六不悮音﹑七深遠音﹑八不竭音。四辯者，一法無礙辯﹑二詞無礙辯﹑三義無礙辯﹑四揔持無礙辯。</span> <span>超乎群有<a class="zhuhao" href="#3579" id="3570">〔二〕</a>，叡心沖照，靈誥真雅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3580" id="3571">〔三〕</a>。而譯者率情淺易，章句漏慢，致使搢紳縫掖<a class="zhuhao" href="#3581" id="3572">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">搢，扱笏也。紳，大帶也。縫掖，大袖儒服也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靈誥】聖教總名也。【雅率】所律切，循也。【搢紳】上音晉，舉笏也。又，插也；下帶也。搢笏而垂紳也。【扱】楚洽切，舉也，引也。</span> <span>相顧意有所非也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以其詞非典雅，如<span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>。</span> <span>其間則有採摭墳素，雕琢文字，語過涉俗，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>等所譯經，文全如著述之體。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【墳素】<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>呼俗典爲墳素也。【雕琢】刻木曰雕，治玉曰琢。</span> <span>理乖精密，尤失聖人之格言也。難乎哉！古今宣譯，咸推<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>門下，質文繁簡，雅得其所，開卷屬耳，泠然古風<a class="zhuhao" href="#3582" id="3573">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【質文繁簡】太質則野，太文則史，太繁則冗，太簡則略。【開卷】自尋閲也。【屬耳】聽講誦也。【泠然】泠泠然清顯流美，若幽谷之水<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00588','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P588</span></i>聲也。</span> <span>嘗致意於譯者，爲就<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>本，爲就刊削乎？如<span class="shuming">法華</span><span class="shuming">法師品</span>，<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>不載其首；<span class="shuming">普門品</span>，<span class="zhuanming">闍那</span>續出其末<a class="zhuhao" href="#3583" id="3574">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此<span class="shuming">妙法華經</span>文少，<span class="shuming">正法華</span>與<span class="shuming">添品</span>文具足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【刊削】上音看，削定也；下息約切，剪其繁蕪，故曰削也。【法華】<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>譯<span class="shuming">正法華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華</span>，此之二本各不足也。至<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">闍那崛多</span>成<span class="shuming">添品法華</span>，文方且矣，今行者是。</span> <span>其間亦有誤爲文者，如<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>翻<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>，云見法有非得<a class="zhuhao" href="#3584" id="3575">〔七〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>出<span class="shuming">婆沙</span>，加一十六字，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>，只於<span class="zhuanming">真諦三藏</span>所譯<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>上，加其文一十六字也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【真諦翻俱舍】<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span><span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>二十二卷，<span class="shuming">録</span>序未詳，應如餘辯。</span> <span>是知不刊之言，彼所未契也。<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>以三不易五過失詳評翻譯，妙盡樞紐<a class="zhuhao" href="#3585" id="3576">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋以<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>文難曉，聖意深遠，詞旨雅當，是爲不易也。不善聖旨，章句漏失，言詞蕪穢，是爲過也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樞紐】下女久切，結也，束也，整襟也。</span> <span>後世不能研究其旨，寶爲衡度<a class="zhuhao" href="#3586" id="3577">〔九〕</a>，以爲詞不由中，瞠若不聞也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">瞠，直視皃也。以古譯經文不潤，遂不能討究，矒然無所悟解也，如<span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>所譯者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衡度】上秤也，知輕重也；下入聲，丈尺也，知短長也。【由中】由，從也，經也；中，平呼，正也，堪也。又，去呼，當也。【瞠若】丑庚切，直視也。【矒】目不明也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3569" id="3578">〔一〕</a>金言：佛所説的教言。　萃：薈萃，聚集。　綴述：猶著述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3570" id="3579">〔二〕</a>群有：猶衆生。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五九<span class="zhuanming">王巾</span><span class="shuming">頭陁寺碑文</span>：「行不捨之檀，而施洽群有。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「群有，謂有色無色，有想無想，以其不一，故曰群有。」<span class="zhuanming">劉良</span>注：「群有，謂萬物。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3571" id="3580">〔三〕</a>叡：深明，明智。　沖：深遠。　照：察知，洞曉。　誥：上告下曰誥。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00589','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P589</span></i>「誥，告也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3572" id="3581">〔四〕</a>率情：任意。　漏：漏失，破綻。　慢：放縱，輕浮。　搢紳：插笏於紳。爲官宦的代稱。　縫掖：亦作「縫腋」。儒者所服。這裏指儒者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3573" id="3582">〔五〕</a>宣譯：宣講翻譯。　質文：質樸與華美。　屬耳：傾聽。　泠然：輕妙﹑美妙貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">列子</span>御風而行，泠然善也。」<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「泠然，輕妙之貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3574" id="3583">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">闍那</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">闍那崛多</span>。按：<span class="shuming">法華經</span>有三個譯本：<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>譯，稱爲<span class="shuming">正法華經</span>，十卷；<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">闍那崛多</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">達摩笈多</span>共譯<span class="shuming">添品法華經</span>，八卷；<span class="zhuanming">姚秦</span><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯爲七卷，是現今流通最廣的譯本。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3575" id="3584">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>：<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>時期來<span class="zhuanming">華</span>的<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">拘那羅陀</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">親依</span>。又名<span class="zhuanming">波羅木陀</span>，或作<span class="zhuanming">波羅末陀</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>。據<span class="shuming">歷代三寶記</span>，其所譯經論及講述疏記，共四十八部﹑二百三十二卷。<span class="shuming">開元録</span>刊定其譯籍爲三十八部﹑一百零八卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3576" id="3585">〔八〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷八引<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>「五失本三不易」之説爲：「<span class="zhuanming">安</span>每稱譯<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，有五失本三不易也。一者，胡言盡倒而使從<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，一失本也；二者，胡經尚質，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人好文，傳可衆心，非文不合，二失本也；三者，胡經委悉，至於歎詠，丁寧反覆，或三或四，不嫌文煩，而今裁斥，三失本也；四者，胡有義説，正似亂辭。尋説向語，文無以異，或一千或五百，刈而不存，四失本也；五者，事以合成，將更傍及，反勝前辭，已乃後説而悉除，此五失本也。然智經三達之心，覆面所演，聖必因時。時俗有易而删雅古以適今時，一不易也；愚智天隔，聖人叵階，乃欲以千載之上微言，傳使合百王之下末俗，二不易也；<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>出經，去佛未久，尊（者）<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>令五百六通迭察迭書，今離千年而以近意量裁，彼阿羅漢<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00590','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P590</span></i>乃兢兢若此，此生死人而平平若是。豈將不知法者猛乎？斯三不易也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3577" id="3586">〔九〕</a>寶：珍愛，珍惜。　衡度：量度。這裏指標準。</span> </p><p> <span>且儒爲此方之教，自科斗爲二篆<a class="zhuhao" href="#3592" id="3587">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古有科斗書，後有大篆﹑小篆也。<span class="zhuanming">周宣王</span>太史<span class="zhuanming">史籀</span>造大篆，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>等造小篆，<span class="zhuanming">程邈</span>造隸書等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蝌蚪】正作蝌蚪字，蝦蟆也。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>史官<span class="zhuanming">蒼頡</span>因觀鳥迹而成，字皆頭麁尾細，象於科斗，故曰科斗書也。【史籀】下音宙，<span class="zhuanming">周宣王</span>太史名，改蝌蚪爲大篆也。【秦李斯】<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>丞相，造小篆也。【程邈】<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>時造隸書者。</span> <span>篆變爲隸，又經<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>滅，文或舛闕。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>三十三年，因諸生各論<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>事，丞相<span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>奏，乃焚書坑儒，滅先代典籍。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隸】力計切，八分書曰隸。【舛闕】上昌兗切，乖謬也；下祛曰切，少也，失也。【坈】苦庚切。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">三皇</span><span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>，取捨異説。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或云<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">天皇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">地皇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">人皇</span>；或云<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>。<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">少昊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">帝嚳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【帝嚳】下音酷，<span class="zhuanming">高辛氏</span>也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">魯論</span><span class="shuming">齊論</span>，篇次何定<a class="zhuhao" href="#3593" id="3588">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">魯論</span>二十篇，<span class="shuming">齊論</span>二十二篇，其間又次第不同也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮記</span>之與<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>誄<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>，增減孰是<a class="zhuhao" href="#3594" id="3589">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>卒，<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>誄之，<span class="shuming">禮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">傳</span>其文互差也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">家語</span>之與<span class="shuming">檀弓</span>，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>授琴，偘偘切切，其文豈同<a class="zhuhao" href="#3595" id="3590">〔四〕</a>！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既祥而琴，<span class="shuming">禮記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">家語</span>其文不同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偘】空旱切，和樂也。【切切】割也，刻也。其悲痛若割也。【祥】大祥，除服之祭名。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">孟</span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>所領，亡言取意；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孟軻</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子輿</span>，著書十四篇。<span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>著書十卷，皆是寓言立意，不可執文質義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【軻】苦何切，苦賀切。【十四篇】<span class="shuming">孟子</span>七篇，十四者悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">馬</span><span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>所注，文字互改。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">馬融</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">季長</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北海</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">康成</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">北海</span>人。並注<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">論語</span>，皆有<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00591','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P591</span></i>不同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【互改】上遞也。改，更也。謂更相駭正也。【北海人】<span class="zhuanming">馬融</span>，<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">茂陵</span>人。云<span class="zhuanming">北海</span>人，悮。</span> <span>況<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>異語，諸部宗乖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有六宗一十部不同，又大小乘空性各别也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【六宗十一部】上是二字。</span> <span>屢遭無道，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>毁滅。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">涇</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>難别<a class="zhuhao" href="#3596" id="3591">〔五〕</a>，譯<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，其可一乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【涇渭】上出<span class="zhuanming">薄洛之山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>濁也；下<span class="zhuanming">渭水</span>，出<span class="zhuanming">鳥鼠之山</span>，清<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3587" id="3592">〔一〕</a>科斗：指科斗文字。因其筆劃頭圓大尾細長，狀似蝌蚪而得名。<span class="shuming">尚書序</span>：「至<span class="zhuanming">魯共王</span>好治宫室，壞<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>舊宅以廣其居，於壁中得先人所藏古文<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">商</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之書，及傳<span class="shuming">論語</span>﹑<span class="shuming">孝經</span>，皆科斗文字。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3588" id="3593">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">魯論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">齊論</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>時期，<span class="shuming">論語</span>有口頭傳授及從<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>宅壁中所得的本子，計有：<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人口頭傳授的<span class="shuming">魯論語</span>二十篇，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人口頭傳授的<span class="shuming">齊論語</span>二十二篇，從<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>宅壁中發現的<span class="shuming">古論語</span>二十一篇。<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>末年，<span class="zhuanming">張禹</span>根據<span class="shuming">魯論語</span>，參照<span class="shuming">齊論語</span>，另成一<span class="shuming">論</span>，稱爲<span class="shuming">張侯論</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>末年，<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>以<span class="shuming">張侯論</span>爲依據，參考<span class="shuming">齊論語</span>﹑<span class="shuming">古論語</span>，作<span class="shuming">論語注</span>，是爲今本<span class="shuming">論語</span>，共二十篇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3589" id="3594">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公十六年</span>載<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>誄<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>文爲：「旻天不吊，不憖遺一老，俾屏余一人以在位，煢煢余在疚，嗚呼哀哉，<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>！無自律。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>所載爲：「天不遺耆老，莫相予位焉。嗚呼哀哉！<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3590" id="3595">〔四〕</a>偘偘：和樂貌。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">鄉黨</span>：「朝，與下大夫言，偘偘如也。」　切切：聲音輕細貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">檜風</span><span class="shuming">素冠</span>「我心藴結兮」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「援琴而絃，切切而哀作。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，既祥，五日彈琴而不成聲，十日而成笙歌。」<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曲禮公西赤問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>之喪，既祥，<span class="zhuanming">顔路</span>饋祥肉於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>自出而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00592','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P592</span></i>受之。入，彈琴以散情，而後乃食之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3591" id="3596">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">涇</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">涇水</span>和<span class="zhuanming">渭水</span>。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">谷風</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>以<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>濁，湜湜其沚。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「<span class="zhuanming">涇</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>相入而清濁異。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫以筳擊鍾，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">筳，小竹也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【筳】音亭，竹名。</span> <span>不盡其響；以管窺天，不達其畔；以凡達聖，曷昭其奥？然不得不就筳之力聽其和，偱管之涯察其畔，竭凡之慮精其理。而傳法之士，惡紕繆之所以深者，蓋以諒至道不篤之人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3601" id="3597">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">覩文籍之浩博，見諸本之異同，怯而不究者，此學者之弊也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惡紕繆】上音污，憎嫌也；中匹毗切，錯也；下音謬，紕也。</span> <span>彼以瑶軸緄縢<a class="zhuhao" href="#3602" id="3598">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">緄，帶也。縢，緘也。所謂繫經者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑶軸】上音遥，美玉也；下音逐，言以美玉爲經也。【緄縢】上音衮，帶也；下徒登切，約也。</span> <span>出自金口<a class="zhuhao" href="#3603" id="3599">〔三〕</a>，爲文定矣。翫𤧫琢者，爲其經典過貶；討論者，爲世智辯聰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃傳心之士，以講解者爲耽味經典之過，討論者有世智辯聰之患也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【𤧫琢】上音鎚，下陟角切。治玉也。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云：玉不琢不成器也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「君子以其所不能畏人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以自不能而敬能者。</span> <span>小人以其所不能不信人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自既無能，而又不重人之所解。</span> <span>故君子長人之才，小人抑人取勝。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3604" id="3600">〔四〕</a>而世有隱瑕匿疣，飾智籠鄙，盜玄匠之虚譽，祕昏情以自誷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本非藴識，便稱師匠。情多罔冒，每畏徵研也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑕】玉病也。【疣】音尤，結病也。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>：尤，丘也。出皮上聚，高如地之有丘。【祕】密藏也。<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>云：勞也。</span> <span>特不知渴極則飲多，疑深則悟遠，彼僭夫也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂僭易之夫也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00593','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P593</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3597" id="3601">〔一〕</a>諒：推想，認爲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3598" id="3602">〔二〕</a>瑶軸：卷軸的美稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3599" id="3603">〔三〕</a>金口：即佛口。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3600" id="3604">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">子路初見</span>：「君子以其所不能畏人，小人以其所不能不信人。故君子長人之才，小人抑人而取勝焉。」</span> </p><p> <span>或曰：「抉前賢之點<a class="zhuhao" href="#3610" id="3605">〔一〕</a>，則物無疵於教乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以直詮真理，於物不滯，以此斥前賢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【玷】丁簟切。鈌之也。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：白圭之玷<a class="zhuhao" href="#3611" id="3606">〔二〕</a>。【疵】疾移切，病也。</span> <span>曰：「不然也。<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>辯百草，非欲進人於毒藥；<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>議鍼石，非謂敗人於五藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3612" id="3607">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛説經，非欲墜人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【神農辯百草】<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>嘗百草之滋味，一日中七十毒，由是醫方興焉也。【岐伯】<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人，創制<span class="shuming">鍼經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">脈訣</span>之文。【鍼石】上與針同，用達身内之病。石，砭也。砭，音窆，石針也。以石刺病也。砭石出東夷。【五臟】肺金臟﹑肝木臟﹑腎水臟﹑心火臟﹑脾胃土臟也。</span> <span>豈<span class="zhuanming">南華</span>斥<span class="zhuanming">姬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>，則家家無六典<a class="zhuhao" href="#3613" id="3608">〔四〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>非於<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，六經豈不行哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【南華】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">開元</span>十九年詔<span class="shuming">莊子</span>曰<span class="shuming">南華真經</span>。又璃明英華，發揮妙道也。【斥】破也，逐也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">班</span>書評<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>史，則家家無<span class="shuming">史記</span>乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">漢書</span>非<span class="zhuanming">馬遷</span><span class="shuming">史記</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【班固】<span class="zhuanming">班固</span>字<span class="zhuanming">孟堅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">安陵</span>人。九歲能屬文，至<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>時，爲<span class="zhuanming">蘭臺</span>令吏，撰<span class="shuming">前漢書</span>，多非<span class="zhuanming">馬遷</span><span class="shuming">史記</span>也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>造<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>撰<span class="shuming">雹</span>而非之，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>改題爲<span class="shuming">順正理</span>，二論俱弘，使夫來者覈直祛蒙，辯精麤而取捨也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3614" id="3609">〔五〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">天親菩薩</span>造<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衆賢論師</span>造<span class="shuming">俱舍雹</span>以摧之，如雨雹摧苗也，往攻<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>。<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>皆避之。乃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00594','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P594</span></i>寄呈所造論，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>覽之，並順己義，因改爲<span class="shuming">順正理論</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覈】下革切，實也。【祛蒙】祛，除也。蒙，覆也。【精麤】上純粹也，下踈大也，物不精也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3605" id="3610">〔一〕</a>抉：挑剔，揭發。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3606" id="3611">〔二〕</a>按：「白圭之玷」出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">抑</span>：「白圭之玷，尚可磨也；斯言之玷，不可爲也。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進篇</span><span class="zhuanming">何晏</span>集解<span class="zhuanming">孔安國</span>注引上詩。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3607" id="3612">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">神農</span>辯百草：<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>卷一九<span class="shuming">脩務訓</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>）嘗百草之滋味，水泉之甘苦，令民知所辟就。當此之時，一日而遇七十毒。」　<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>：遠古時代名醫。<span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>）又使<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>嘗味百草，典醫療疾，今<span class="shuming">經方</span>﹑<span class="shuming">本草</span>之書咸出焉。」<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>議鍼石，見<span class="shuming">黄帝内經</span><span class="shuming">素問</span>等篇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3608" id="3613">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">南華</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐玄宗</span><span class="zhuanming">天寶</span>元年（七二四）二月，封<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>爲「南華真人」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3609" id="3614">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span><span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>人，音譯<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋陀羅</span>。特别精研説一切有部的<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>。<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>作<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>，述毗婆沙之義理，間以經部義理破毗婆沙論師所執。<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>遂潛研十二年，作<span class="shuming">俱舍雹論</span>，凡二萬五千頌，八十萬言。後欲持論逐斥<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>，挫其鋒鋭。時<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>在<span class="zhuanming">磷迦國</span><span class="zhuanming">奢羯羅城</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>當至，即治行裝，前往<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>，並告門人曰：「吾今遠遊，非避此子，顧此國中，無復鑒達。<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>，後進也，詭辯若流，我衰髦矣，莫能持論，欲以一言頽其異執，引至<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>，對諸髦彦，察乎真僞，詳乎得失。」後<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>果往<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>行走，至<span class="zhuanming">秣底補羅國</span>一伽藍，忽覺氣衰，遂裁書謝<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>寂滅，弟子部執，傳其宗學，各擅專門，黨同道，疾異部。愚以寡昧，猥承傳習，覽所制<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>，破毗婆沙師大義，輒不量力，沉究彌年，作爲此論，扶正宗學。智小謀大，死其將至。菩薩宣暢微言，抑揚至理，不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00595','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P595</span></i>毁所執，得存遺文，斯爲幸矣！死何悔哉？」<span class="zhuanming">世親菩薩</span>覽書閲論，沉吟良久，謂門人曰：「<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>論師，聰敏後進，理雖不足，辭乃有餘。我今欲破<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>之論，若指諸掌。顧以垂終之託，重其知難之辭，苟緣大義，存其宿志，況乎此論，發明我宗？」遂改論題爲<span class="shuming">順正理論</span>。（以上内容及引文，見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四。）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
綜名理第十一
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133772" key="1133772"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第七 &gt; 綜名理第十一 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133769" key="1133769"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00540','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P540</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000026">綜名理第十一<span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綜】子宋切，博綜也。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">󲳴即入<a class="zhuhao" href="#3321" id="3306">〔二〕</a>諸定舉之，地大震動，帶猶著地。佛云：<span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>禪定，<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>尚不識其名也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3322" id="3307">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3323" id="3308">〔四〕</a>：【揆】求癸切，度也。【稽】考也。【奄荒夢宅】上音掩，忽也，遽也；荒，蕪穢也；夢宅，三界也。言三界蕪穢，佛能遽忽而出也。此依智説也。又，奄，覆也；荒，涼也。佛以願力覆育此荒涼之三界也，此約悲説也。【沿革】上音捐，從流而下也。又，襲舊曰沿。又，相因曰沿。如<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>因<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>禮，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>因<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>禮是也。如<span class="zhuanming">三代</span>之禮，後世依用者曰沿；下音隔，更改也。古佛説三乘，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦佛</span>説曰沿。古佛時無犯者，故尚制戒藏，其法速滅。今佛廣制戒律，其法久遠，曰革也。【億界來賓】諸本皆云未，悮。合是來字。【劫比羅】或云<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">黄赤色</span>，乃數論師祖也。【權】變也，宜也。【任】職也。【命】使也，教也，召也。【勝】平聲，任也，舉也。【舍利弗】古譯爲<span class="zhuanming">身骨</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>。三藏云<span class="zhuanming">奢利弗怛羅</span>。<span class="zhuanming">奢利</span>譯爲<span class="zhuanming">春鶯</span>，亦名<span class="zhuanming">鶖鷺</span>。<span class="zhuanming">弗呾羅</span>，子也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">富樓那</span>󲳴聞<a class="zhuhao" href="#3324" id="3309">〔五〕</a>，智慧居弟子上而以説法知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">富樓那彌多羅尼子</span>也，此云<span class="zhuanming">滿慈</span>，子從母彰。名<span class="zhuanming">滿</span>。<span class="zhuanming">慈</span>，母姓名也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>爲法冢嗣，而獨譽頭陁<a class="zhuhao" href="#3325" id="3310">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">飲光</span><span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>󲳴󲳴男也，<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>人。棄榮貴󲳴󲳴󲳴乞食自資，修頭陁行。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大迦葉】此云<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>。古有仙人身色曜，飲日無光，自後苗裔以<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>爲氏，謂此尊者族類富盛，故號<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>也。三毒如塵，能振拂故，云頭陁也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>󲳴爲阿毗曇，而<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>專論義之號<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00541','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P541</span></i>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3326" id="3311">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">阿毗曇，此云無對法，即論藏也。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舍利</span>俱造此論，而<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>稱論議第一。亦云<span class="zhuanming">迦多演</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">翦剃種</span>。上古有仙，山中既久，髮長無人剃。婆羅門法，污人不剃髮，有一仙爲剃髮。諸仙願護，得道爾來，號<span class="zhuanming">剃髮種</span>，尊者即其後也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俱爲】皆造也。</span> <span>此<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>之弘旨，非餘之所不兼焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以專美者見稱。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弘旨】大趣也。</span> <span>然於其間，或勸或沮，皆有爲而言之矣。故<span class="zhuanming">劫賓那</span>獨窮曆象<a class="zhuhao" href="#3327" id="3312">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劫賓那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">房宿</span>，蓋因感之而生，故曉曆象。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">首籠那</span>迥然精進<a class="zhuhao" href="#3328" id="3313">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">則<span class="zhuanming">億耳比丘</span>也。生平已來，足不履地。出家後日夜行道，足下血流。佛爲説彈琴喻，須令急慢得所，因證果也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【首籠那】此無正翻。<span class="shuming">五分律</span><span class="zhuanming">首樓那</span>有金錢二十億，人因號<span class="zhuanming">首樓那羅</span>二十一，不名億。<span class="shuming">僧祇</span>云<span class="zhuanming">瞻婆國</span>恕奴二十億是，但名二十億，不名億耳，如餘處辯也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3329" id="3314">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>至於五百，若以一行求之，則無不居甲而非乙也。其若<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>門，三千昇堂，入室者七十二人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3330" id="3315">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【甲乙】首爲甲，次爲乙。</span> <span>舉以四科十哲，雖<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>不標德行而見稱孝悌，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">德行﹑政事﹑文學﹑言語，四科也。<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉雍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">言偃</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉耕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲由</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>，爲十哲。<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>不預。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孝悌】奉親曰孝，敬兄曰悌。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">左氏</span>不登文學而騰翰國史<a class="zhuhao" href="#3331" id="3316">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不預十哲而著<span class="shuming">左傳</span>。<span class="zhuanming">左丘明</span>亦<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騰翰國史】騰，馳也，躍也，轉也；次音捍，辭翰也。記事曰史。昔<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>因<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>史書<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，自<span class="zhuanming">隱公</span>元年<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>十四年，叙二百四十二年之事，成一大經，唯<span class="zhuanming">左丘明</span>騰辭爲傳，經外序一十四年。更修<span class="shuming">後語</span>﹑<span class="shuming">國語</span>也。</span> <span>禮經三百，威儀三千，唯<span class="zhuanming">公西赤</span>之卓立<a class="zhuhao" href="#3332" id="3317">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">公西赤</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子華</span>，有容儀。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>云：「束帶立於朝，可使與賓客言也。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3333" id="3318">〔一四〕</a></span> <span>故二宗風教，玄<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00542','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P542</span></i>符於抑揚也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3334" id="3319">〔一五〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#" id="3320">〔一〕</a>此卷首缺，篇名爲整理者所補。據<span class="shuming">隨函</span>來看，缺損部分不多。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3306" id="3321">〔二〕</a>起始三字漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作闕文。今據底本字之大貌，擬補「即入」兩字。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3307" id="3322">〔三〕</a>目：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「日」字。<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>十弟子之一，神通第一。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷四○：「<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>是右面弟子，<span class="zhuanming">目犍連</span>是佛左面弟子。」又稱<span class="zhuanming">目犍連</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大目犍連</span>等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3308" id="3323">〔四〕</a>按：由於正文和<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注開頭部分殘缺，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>相關内容，無相應位置對應，故全部放在這裏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3309" id="3324">〔五〕</a>缺字底本漫漶不清，疑爲「多」。　<span class="zhuanming">富樓那</span>：全名<span class="zhuanming">富樓那彌多羅尼子</span>。長於辯才，善於分别義理，後專事演法教化，因聞其説法而解脱得度者，多達九萬九千人，故被譽爲「説法第一」。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷九：「<span class="zhuanming">彌窒耶尼子</span>，或作<span class="zhuanming">富樓那彌多羅尼子</span>，正言<span class="zhuanming">富囉拏梅低梨夜富多羅</span>。『富囉拏』，此云『滿』，是其名也。『梅低梨夜』，此云『慈』，是其母姓也。『富多羅』者，子也，兼從母姓爲名，故此云『滿慈子』，或譯云『滿願子』，皆一義也，與佛同日而生也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3310" id="3325">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>：或稱<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦葉波</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦攝波</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>。<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>人，十大弟子之首。少欲知足，常修苦行，「頭陀第一」。是佛經第一次結集的召集人。　冢嗣：嫡長子。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷九<span class="shuming">晉語三</span>：「十四年，君之冢嗣其替乎？」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「冢嗣，太子也。」法冢嗣謂佛法的正宗嫡傳者。　頭陁：意譯「抖擻」，即去掉塵垢煩惱。<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷八四<span class="shuming">頭陀部</span>第三：「西云頭陁，此云抖擻，能行此法，即能抖擻煩惱，去離貪著，如衣抖擻，能去塵垢，是故從喻爲名。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3311" id="3326">〔七〕</a>阿毗曇：<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：「阿毗曇者，此方正翻名無比法。阿，謂無也。毗，謂比也。曇，謂法<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00543','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P543</span></i>也。」　<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>：佛十大弟子中，「論議第一」之<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延子</span>。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷二七：「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延</span>，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦多衍那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">大剪剔種男</span>。<span class="zhuanming">剪剔</span>，婆羅門姓也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3312" id="3327">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">劫賓那</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">劫庀那</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">劫比拏</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">房宿</span>。因爲父母禱此星宿而生，故以之爲名。<span class="zhuanming">憍薩羅國</span>人，善知天象，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>弟子中，知星宿第一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3313" id="3328">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">首籠那</span>：<span class="zhuanming">室縷多頻設底拘胝</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">億耳羅漢</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">聞二百億</span>。<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">伊爛拏鉢伐多國</span>長者之子，心無放逸，修行精勤，證阿羅漢果。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">伊爛拏鉢伐多國</span>：「大城南有窣堵波，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>於此三月説法，其傍則有過去三佛坐及經行遺跡之所。三佛經行西不遠有窣堵波，是<span class="zhuanming">室縷多頻設底拘胝</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">聞二百億</span>，舊譯曰<span class="zhuanming">億耳</span>，謬也）苾芻生處。昔此城有長者，豪貴巨富，晚有繼嗣，時有報者，輒賜金錢二百億，因名其子<span class="zhuanming">聞二百億</span>。洎乎成立，未曾履地，故其足跖毛長尺餘，光潤細軟，色若黄金。珍愛此兒，備諸玩好。自其居家以至<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>，亭傳連隅，僮僕交路。凡須妙藥，遞相告語，轉而以授，曾不踰時，其豪富如此。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>知其善根將發也，命<span class="zhuanming">没特伽羅子</span>而往化焉。既至門下，莫由自通，長者家祠<span class="zhuanming">日天</span>，每晨朝時，東向以拜。是時尊者以神通力，從日輪中降立於前。長者子疑<span class="zhuanming">日天</span>也，因施香飯而歸，其飯香氣遍<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>。時<span class="zhuanming">頻毘娑羅王</span>駭其異馥，命使歷問，乃<span class="zhuanming">竹林精舍</span><span class="zhuanming">没特伽羅子</span>自長者家持來，因知長者子有此奇異，乃使召焉。長者承命，思何安步：泛舟鼓棹，有波風之危。乘車馭象，懼蹶躓之患。於是自其居家至<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，鑿渠通漕，流滿芥子，御舟安止，長縆以引。至<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>，先禮<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>告曰：『<span class="zhuanming">頻毘娑羅王</span>命使召汝，無過欲見足下毛耳。王欲觀者，宜結跏坐。伸脚向王，國法當死。』長者子受誨而往，引入廷謁，王欲視毛，乃跏趺坐。王善其有禮，特深珍愛。亦既<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00544','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P544</span></i>得歸，還至佛所，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>是時説法誨喻，聞而感悟，遂即出家。於是精勤修習，思求果證。經行不捨，足遂流血。<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>告曰：『汝善男子，在家之時，知鼓琴耶？』曰：『知。』『若然者，以此爲喻。絃急則聲不合韻，絃緩則調不和雅，非急非緩，其聲乃和。夫修行者亦然，急則身疲心怠，緩則情舒志逸。』承佛指教，奉以周旋，如是不久，便獲果證。」　精進：爲「六波羅蜜」之一，謂堅持修善法，斷惡法，毫不懈怠。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3314" id="3329">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">五分律</span>卷二一：「爾時<span class="zhuanming">瓶沙王</span><span class="zhuanming">摩竭鴦伽</span>二國，有四萬二千聚落。彼諸豪傑，無有不信佛法僧者，唯除<span class="zhuanming">瞻婆</span>城中有長者子名<span class="zhuanming">首樓那</span>，其人大富，有二十億錢，時人號曰『<span class="zhuanming">首樓那</span>二十億』。是人生便受樂，手脚柔軟，足下生毛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3315" id="3330">〔一一〕</a>五百：指跟隨<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>聽法傳道的五百弟子。　昇堂：比喻學問技藝已入門。　入室：比喻學問技藝得到師傳，已達到深奥的境界。語出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也升堂矣，未入於室也。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「言<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>之學識深淺，譬如自外入内，得其門者。入室爲深，<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>是也；升堂次之，<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>是也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3316" id="3331">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「德行：<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔子騫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">冉伯牛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲弓</span>。言語：<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>。政事：<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">季路</span>。文學：<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「夫子門徒三千，達者七十有二，而此四科惟舉十人者，但言其翹楚者耳。」　十哲：指<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>的十個弟子。自<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>定制，從祀<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>廟，列侍<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>近側。<span class="zhuanming">開元</span>時，<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>配享，升<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>，後<span class="zhuanming">曾參</span>配享，升<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>。　騰：騰躍，凌駕。　翰：文章，文辭。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3317" id="3332">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「優優大哉，禮儀三百，威儀三千。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3318" id="3333">〔一四〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">公冶長</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">赤</span>也，束帶立於朝，可使與賓客言也，不知其仁也。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00545','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P545</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3319" id="3334">〔一五〕</a>玄：神妙難以捉摸。符：相合。玄符謂神奇地相同﹑暗合。　抑揚：褒貶。</span> </p><p> <span>昔者讚<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>，即曰同一解脱<a class="zhuhao" href="#3351" id="3335">〔一〕</a>；譏<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，即曰所不能知。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">法華經</span>：假使諸比丘，充滿十方界，皆如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，亦所不能知<a class="zhuhao" href="#3352" id="3336">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【讚】面稱其美曰讚。【譏】對面諷刺曰譏。</span> <span>十方刹土，靡不清浄，獨讚<span class="zhuanming">無量壽國</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3353" id="3337">〔三〕</a>。諸尊大士，普藴慈悲，但顯<span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>力<a class="zhuhao" href="#3354" id="3338">〔四〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>大士，覩相知終。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛在<span class="zhuanming">俱尸</span>入滅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3355" id="3339">〔五〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>住在<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>，見地大動，又覩光明，知此必是<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>終也，遂來赴會所。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【刹土】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云刹多羅，此云田，言土田也。經中或名國，或名土，皆義翻也。下音肚，土田地主也。</span> <span>假名菩薩，聞説常住<a class="zhuhao" href="#3356" id="3340">〔六〕</a>。蓋非所益而不善其事，非可久而不宣其教。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">假名初發心也，聞佛説久住世間，無益涅槃。云「後三月當入涅槃」，遂生悲泣。<span class="shuming">法華經</span>云「若佛久住於世，薄德之人，不種善根」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3357" id="3341">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>其傳法之人，所未得者，難在此矣。夫執文以定義，義歸壅也；賾義以乖文，文將害也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3358" id="3342">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">離文穿鑿，爲害文也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【難】患也。【壅】于壠切，道也。【賾】演也。</span> <span>或學博而理不能精，或心知而口不能辯，此二者誠則有焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋無求備於一人也。</span> <span>然所説經，皆稱第一，固有旨矣。夫<span class="zhuanming">俞</span><span class="zhuanming">扁</span>之於患者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3359" id="3343">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="zhuanming">俞附</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>，皆古之良醫。</span> <span>陰慘焉，桂椒之良也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3360" id="3344">〔一○〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陰慘冷，桂椒熱，故爲良。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慘】七感切，慼也。<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：毒也。或是憯字，痛也。</span> <span>陽躁焉，冰雪之良也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陽躁熱，冰冷故爲良。</span> <span>而法<span class="zhuanming">大醫王</span>慜有區之庶類<a class="zhuhao" href="#3361" id="3345">〔一一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛爲<span class="zhuanming">大醫王</span>。</span> <span>以般若破名相，以法華會三乘，以金光致哀懺，各有所的而不居其次也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3362" id="3346">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">金剛經</span>以破相稱<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00546','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P546</span></i>最上第一，<span class="shuming">法華經</span>以會羊鹿中小二乘歸大白牛之車爲第一，<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>據信相菩薩懺悔一切罪障第一也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3363" id="3347">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span>而經言國君失道，玉燭不調<a class="zhuhao" href="#3364" id="3348">〔一四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四時和謂之玉燭。</span> <span>風雨不時，疾疫是興者，蓋警誡之辭耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#3365" id="3349">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">仁王經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3366" id="3350">〔一六〕</a>。警，動也。誡，約也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疫】癘鬼也。【警誡】警誡，敕也，告也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3335" id="3351">〔一〕</a>同一解脱：解脱即無拘無礙﹑自由自在。一切衆生皆有佛性，若能一念反妄歸真，則與諸佛<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>同一解脱，無有差别。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三二：「一切衆生，同有佛性，皆同一乘，同一解脱。」<span class="shuming">别譯雜阿含經</span>卷六：「爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，知諸比丘心之所念，爲欲令彼生欽尚故，遥見<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>，即語之言：『善來，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>。』尋分半座，命令共坐：『我當思惟：汝先出家，我後出家，是故命汝與爾分座。』……爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，爲欲令彼諸比丘等益增厭惡，自呵責故。爲欲讚歎<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>功德尊重與佛齊故，告諸比丘：『我修離欲之定，入于<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>，作意思惟。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉比丘</span>，亦欲離惡不善，有覺有觀，入于<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>，亦復晝夜，欲入<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">二禪</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">三禪</span>及<span class="zhuanming">第四禪</span>，亦復如是。我若發心，欲入慈心﹑無嫌怨心﹑無惱心﹑遍廣心，善修無量，於其東方，作如是心。南西北方，四維上下，亦作是心。我於晝夜，欲修是心。<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，亦復如是。欲入慈心﹑無嫌怨心﹑無惱心﹑遍廣心﹑善修無量，於其東方，作如是心。南西北方，四維上下，亦作是心。我若修於悲喜捨心，我於晝夜，常入此心。<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，亦復如是。於晝夜中，常入此心。我欲滅除惱壞，卻於色想，除若干想，入無邊虚空，亦欲晝夜常入此定。識處不用處，非想非非想處，亦復如是。我亦欲入神通等定，能以一身，作無量身。以無量身，還作一身。我欲觀察諸方上下，入于石壁。無有障礙，猶如虚空。坐卧空中，如彼雁王。履地如水，履水如地。身至<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>，手捫日月。若我晝夜欲修是定，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉比丘</span>，亦復如是，欲入於彼，神通等定。能以一身，作無量身。以無量身，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00547','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P547</span></i>還爲一身。觀察四方，四維上下，能以此身，入于石壁，無有障閡，猶如虚空。坐卧空中，如彼雁王。履地如水，履水如地。身至<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>，手捫日月。亦欲晝夜常入此定，天眼天耳，及他心智，宿命漏盡，亦復如是。』爾時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，我彼無量大衆之中，稱讚<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>功德，尊重如是。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3336" id="3352">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">添品妙法蓮華經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">方便品</span>：「諸佛弟子衆，曾供養諸佛。一切漏已盡，住是最後身。如是諸人等，其力所不堪。假使滿世間，皆如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，盡思共度量，不能測佛智。正使滿十方，皆如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，及餘諸弟子，亦滿十方刹，盡思共度量，亦復不能知。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3337" id="3353">〔三〕</a>刹土：田土，國土。　<span class="zhuanming">無量壽</span>：<span class="zhuanming">阿彌陀佛</span>的意譯，佛教所稱西方極樂世界的教主。<span class="zhuanming">無量壽國</span>即西方極樂世界。　獨讚<span class="zhuanming">無量壽國</span>：參見<span class="shuming">佛説無量壽經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3338" id="3354">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>：<span class="zhuanming">觀音菩薩</span>的别名，以慈悲救濟衆生爲本願之菩薩，與<span class="zhuanming">大勢至菩薩</span>同爲西方極樂世界<span class="zhuanming">阿彌陀佛</span>之脅侍。凡遇難衆生誦念其名號，菩薩即時觀其音聲前往拯救，故稱<span class="zhuanming">觀世音菩薩</span>。又因其于理事無礙之境，觀達自在，故稱<span class="zhuanming">觀自在菩薩</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3339" id="3355">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">俱尸</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那迦</span>，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">末羅國</span>的都城。亦譯爲<span class="zhuanming">俱尸那</span>等，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>涅槃處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3340" id="3356">〔六〕</a>假名菩薩：指大乘菩薩五十二階位中的十信位菩薩，又作名字菩薩﹑信相菩薩。五十二階位指十信位﹑十住位﹑十行位﹑十迴向位﹑十地位﹑等覺位﹑妙覺位。其中十信位就是具有信心﹑念心﹑精進心等十種修行階段；這十種修行階段，僅有菩薩之名而無菩薩之實，故稱假名菩薩。<span class="shuming">瓔珞經</span>卷下：「佛子從不識始凡夫地，值佛菩薩教法，中起一念信，便發菩提心。是人爾時住前，名信想菩薩，亦名假名菩薩，亦名名字菩薩。」又<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三四：「善男子，菩薩二種。一者實義，二者假<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00548','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P548</span></i>名。假名菩薩聞我三月當入涅槃，皆生退心，而作是言：『如其<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，無常不住。我等何爲，爲是事故。無量世中，受大苦惱。<span class="zhuanming">如來世尊</span>，成就具足無量功德，尚不能壞如是死魔，況我等輩當能壞耶？』」　常住：永存。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷一：「是法住法位，世間相常住。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3341" id="3357">〔七〕</a>按：出<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷五。善根：佛教謂累世所修善業，固不可拔，由之能生一切善法，稱爲善根。善根成熟，則獲福報。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3342" id="3358">〔八〕</a>執：拘泥。　壅：壅蔽，障蔽。此謂執文害意也。　賾：深奥，玄妙。這裏用作動詞。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3343" id="3359">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">俞</span><span class="zhuanming">扁</span>：<span class="zhuanming">俞跗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">扁鵲倉公列傳</span>：「臣聞上古之時，醫有<span class="zhuanming">俞跗</span>，治病不以湯液醴灑，鑱石撟引，案扤毒熨，一撥見病之應，因五藏之輸，乃割皮解肌，訣脉結筋，搦髓腦，揲荒爪幕，湔浣腸胃，漱滌五藏，練精易形。先生之方能若是，則太子可生也；不能若是而欲生之，曾不可以告咳嬰之兒。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「臾附二音。<span class="zhuanming">應劭</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時將也。』」又<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">扁鵲倉公列傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">勃海郡</span><span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>人也。姓<span class="zhuanming">秦氏</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">越人</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「<span class="shuming">黄帝八十一難序</span>云：『<span class="zhuanming">秦越人</span>與<span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>時<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>相類，仍號之爲<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>。又家於<span class="zhuanming">盧國</span>，因命之曰<span class="zhuanming">盧醫</span>也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3344" id="3360">〔一○〕</a>陰慘：指秋冬節序。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷二<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span><span class="shuming">西京賦</span>：「夫人在陽時則舒，在陰時則慘。」<span class="zhuanming">薛綜</span>注：「陽謂春夏，陰謂秋冬。」　桂椒：肉桂及山椒，性熱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3345" id="3361">〔一一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大醫王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>。佛善能分别病相﹑曉了藥性﹑治療衆病，故以「大醫王」喻稱之。　湣：憐恤，哀憐。　區：區宇，世間。　庶類：萬物，萬類。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3346" id="3362">〔一二〕</a>金光：指神佛之光。喻佛法的力量。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00549','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P549</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3347" id="3363">〔一三〕</a>破相：亦即無相。<span class="shuming">金剛經</span>全名<span class="shuming">金剛般若波羅蜜經</span>，此經以破相爲宗旨，云：「凡所有相，皆是虚妄。若見諸相非相，即見<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>。」「離一切諸相，即名諸佛。」　大白牛車：喻一佛乘。<span class="shuming">法華經</span><span class="shuming">譬喻品</span>以羊車爲小乘，鹿車爲中乘，牛車爲大乘。<span class="shuming">法華經</span>以三乘爲方便，一佛乘爲真實，會三乘而歸於一乘。　<span class="shuming">金光明經</span>據信相菩薩懺悔一切罪障：見<span class="shuming">金光明經</span><span class="shuming">懺悔品</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3348" id="3364">〔一四〕</a>玉燭：謂四時之氣和暢。<span class="shuming">尸子</span>卷上：「四氣和，正光照，此之謂玉燭。」<span class="shuming">爾雅</span><span class="shuming">釋天</span>：「四氣和謂之玉燭。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3349" id="3365">〔一五〕</a><span class="shuming">大乘瑜伽金剛性海曼殊室利千臂千鉢大教王經</span>卷一○：「若有國王大臣統領宰執，不信佛法，不敬師長，則令國界善神不歡﹑龍王不喜，五穀不熟，風雨不時。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3350" id="3366">〔一六〕</a>按：如<span class="shuming">仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經</span>卷下：「佛告<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>：『我滅度後，法欲滅時，一切有情，造惡業故，令諸國土，種種災起。……是諸國中，若七難起。一切國王，爲除難故，受持解説此<span class="shuming">般若波羅蜜多</span>。七難即滅，國土安樂。』<span class="zhuanming">波斯匿王</span>言：『云何七難？』佛言：『一者，日月失度。日色改變，白色﹑赤色﹑黄色﹑黑色，或二三四五日並照。月色改變，赤色﹑黄色，日月薄蝕。或有重輪，一二三四五重輪現。二者，星辰失度。彗星﹑木星﹑火星﹑金星﹑水星﹑土等諸星，各各爲變，或時晝出。三者，龍火﹑鬼火﹑人火﹑樹火，大火四起，焚燒萬物。四者，時節改變，寒暑不恒。冬雨雷電，夏霜冰雪。雨土石山及以砂礫。非時降雹，雨赤黑水，江河泛漲，流石浮山。五者，暴風數起，昏蔽日月，發屋拔樹，飛沙走石。六者，天地亢陽，陂池竭涸，草木枯死，百穀不成。七者，四方賊來，侵國内外，兵戈競起，百姓喪亡。大王，我今略説如是諸難，其有日晝不現，月夜不現。天種種災，無云雨雪。地種<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00550','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P550</span></i>種災，崩裂震動。或復血流，鬼神出現，鳥獸怪異。如是災難，無量無邊。一一災起，皆須受持。』」</span> </p><p> <span>夫王者以風化于下。其風若昏，人變於惡，德薄禍重，安得大康<a class="zhuhao" href="#3370" id="3367">〔一〕</a>？故殲其人，罔與守邦，則禄位之亡，如<span class="zhuanming">岻</span>之頽。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殲，殄也。罔，無也。<span class="zhuanming">岻</span>，山名。君若無道，天降殃禍，殄其賢良忠臣，國壞如山之頽。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【風化】<span class="shuming">語</span>曰「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，曰：『如殺無道而就有道，何如？』子曰：『子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德，風。』」等<a class="zhuhao" href="#3371" id="3368">〔二〕</a>，此乃大人之風化也。若善則人變於德，若昏則俗化以惡。德既不厚，則禍之來也彌重，又安得底於康治乎？【殲】音尖，盡也，滅也。【罔與】無善也。【岻】音遲，山名，在<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>。</span> <span>斯<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>婉而成章矣。然於教中，亦有言似而意非者，如燕居三月，敕一切不得見，唯除一供養人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛之安閑而處，先敕不許雜人相見。</span> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">和先比丘</span>，與六十頭陁行者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不受請，常乞食，止山上，著弊衣，樹下坐，日一食，唯三衣，恒坐不卧，視死人，不食肉，如此皆頭陁行。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【婉】於遠切，美也，順也。【燕】音宴，安也，默也。</span> <span>直入見佛，佛覺少欲而稱歎之。其非少欲者，乃悟是燕坐也。由吾曹也，相率如<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，乃得見佛也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3372" id="3369">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">和先</span>因少欲見佛，多欲者乃相率而少欲。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【和先】未詳。此云根本，<span class="shuming">律</span>云<span class="zhuanming">小軍比丘</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3367" id="3370">〔一〕</a>大康：指安豐泰樂。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">唐風</span><span class="shuming">蟋蟀</span>：「無已大康，職思其居。」<span class="zhuanming">陸德明</span><span class="shuming">釋文</span>：「大，音泰。」<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集傳</span>：「大康，過於樂也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3368" id="3371">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，曰：『如殺無道以就有道，何如？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德，風。小人之德，草。草上之風，必偃。』」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00551','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P551</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3369" id="3372">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">四分律</span>卷四一：「爾時長老<span class="zhuanming">和先跋檀陀子</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">波羅國</span>六十比丘俱。儘是阿蘭若，乞食，著糞掃衣。作餘食法，不食一坐，食一摶食。塚間坐，露地坐，樹下坐，常坐，隨坐持三衣。詣<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">祇桓精舍</span>，問諸比丘：『<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>在何處房住？我欲往見。』諸比丘言：『<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>如是言：「我三月静坐思惟，無使外人入，唯除一供養人。若有入者，作波逸提懺。」』<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>問言：『<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>有如是語耶？』比丘答言：『諸比丘自立制，言：「若有入者，波逸提懺。」』<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>言：『我不用諸長老制。何以故？佛有如是言：「佛不制不應制，若已制不應違，隨所制法應學。」我等悉是阿蘭若，乃至持三衣，得隨意問訊<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。』爾時長老<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>與彼六十比丘俱，徑詣佛所。頭面禮足卻住一面。時<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>慰問言：『<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，汝安樂不？飲食不乏耶？住止安静不？<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，汝從何處來？汝不聞餘比丘語耶？』答言：『住止安樂，不以飲食爲苦，亦聞餘比丘語。大德，我與<span class="zhuanming">波羅國</span>六十比丘俱，儘是阿蘭若乃至持三衣。在<span class="zhuanming">拘薩羅國</span>人間遊行，至<span class="zhuanming">舍衛國</span>。問<span class="zhuanming">祇桓</span>諸比丘：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>在何處房住？我等欲見。」諸比丘如是語：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>三月静坐思惟，無使外人入。唯除一供養人。若有入者，教波逸提懺。」我即問波逸提懺：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>有如是語耶？」諸比丘言：「無，我等自立制耳。」我即語言：「我不用汝曹制。何以故？佛有如是語：『佛不制者不應制，若已制不應違，隨所制法應學。』我曹皆是阿蘭若乃至持三衣，得隨意問訊<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。」』佛言：『善哉，善哉。<span class="zhuanming">和先</span>，汝等儘是阿練若持三衣，得隨意問訊。若復有如是者，亦得隨意問訊<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>。』」</span> </p><p> <span>昔説九部經，美化城之居<a class="zhuhao" href="#3387" id="3373">〔一〕</a>，居而無實，會至寶所，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛説中小之教，謂之權設。如人欲至寶所，中路心退，導師乃於中化作一城<a class="zhuhao" href="#3388" id="3374">〔二〕</a>，權言寶所。候憩息，方言是權，引之更進寶所。九部，小乘教。<span class="shuming">隨<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00552','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P552</span></i>函</span>：【候憩】上音后，伺也；下去例切，息也。</span> <span>於言如同，其意常不同也。有言乖而旨和，如<span class="shuming">教誡經</span>，比丘不袒，<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>貽其責也。<span class="shuming">城喻經</span>既袒不通肩，又責之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">袒謂露膊通肩，兩膊俱覆，且非袒也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膊】臂也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>以正言似反，取捨未諭<a class="zhuhao" href="#3389" id="3375">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未知可執。</span> <span>佛言行供養，袒也；作福田，不應袒也。所貴善時，非堅白之可離<a class="zhuhao" href="#3390" id="3376">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">取捨適時，進退從權。非如磨而不磷，方曰堅乎？涅而不淄，方曰白乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3391" id="3377">〔五〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離】平呼。【磷】良刃切，薄也。至堅者磨而不磷。【涅而不緇】上水中黑土也。緇，黑色也。至白者染而不黑。</span> <span>嘗告<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>曰：「勿縱惡比丘，令僧田蕪穢，其罪甚於剜大千眼<a class="zhuhao" href="#3392" id="3378">〔六〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>主。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕪穢】蕪，荒也。穢，不浄也。如良田蕪穢，嘉穀不生。福田不浄，斷資糧也。</span> <span>有時以破戒比丘如萎薝蔔，王官素服，勿得刑罰<a class="zhuhao" href="#3393" id="3379">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">遺教經</span>云：「薝蔔花雖萎，猶勝諸餘花。破戒諸比丘，猶勝諸外道。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3394" id="3380">〔八〕</a>又云：「我諸比丘若犯王法，或殺或打，若剥袈裟，逼令還俗，若驅出國，如生剥三百頭牛，其罪尚輕。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【萎薝蔔】上于危切，蔫也；中音占；下傍比切。或云瞻博花，更有多名，不叙。</span> <span>蓋由仁王過仁，使愚者恣慝；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慝，惡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【慝】他得切，惡也。</span> <span>惡王過惡，使人枉濫<a class="zhuhao" href="#3395" id="3381">〔九〕</a>。慮失其中，設兩經以防損也。<span class="shuming">戒經</span>始命展轉相諫，終命但自觀身。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">戒經</span>僧殘有三諫之文。<span class="shuming">七佛戒</span>又云：「但自觀身行，莫觀作不作。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3396" id="3382">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【枉濫】罪其非犯曰枉，一混其罪曰濫。</span> <span>蓋爲直己而不能直人者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3397" id="3383">〔一一〕</a>，制使胥諫也；伐善而好訟過者，制令退省諸己也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【訟過】好舉他罪訟也。【退省】審查也。進思盡忠，退思補<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00553','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P553</span></i>過。</span> <span>有事隱而言實，如<span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>，墮數粒粟，而五百世爲牛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3398" id="3384">〔一二〕</a>。彼當更有牛業，而但彰乎一事也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">牛呞比丘</span>。過去世摘一莖禾，墮數粒粟，五百世作牛蹄牛口。佛恐世人譏之，遂令長居<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3399" id="3385">〔一三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憍梵波提】此云<span class="zhuanming">牛相</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">牛呞</span>。吐而後食。呞，音寺。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>施一食，而九十一劫受人天樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#3400" id="3386">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此云<span class="zhuanming">無滅</span>，天眼第一。</span> <span>彼以善緣相資，成於多劫，然由肇自一食，隱末而稱本也。如世稱富者，食一金錢，彼始以一金錢，而後成於富者也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3373" id="3387">〔一〕</a>九部經：指小乘九部：修多羅（契經）﹑伽陀（諷誦）﹑本事﹑本生﹑未曾有﹑因緣﹑譬喻﹑祇夜（重頌）﹑優波提舍（論議）。也就是在大乘十二部（見後注）中，除方廣﹑授記﹑無問自説三部。　化城：一時化作之城郭，佛教用以比喻小乘境界。佛欲使一切衆生都得到大乘佛果，恐衆生畏難，先説小乘涅槃，猶如化城，於途中變作一城郭，衆生暫以止息，進而使一切衆生到大乘之至極佛果。見<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">化城喻品</span>：「譬如五百由旬，險難惡道，曠絶無人，怖畏之處。若有多衆，欲過此道，至珍寶處，有一導師，聰慧明達，善知險道通塞之相，將導衆人欲過此難。所將人衆，中路懈退，白導師言：『我等疲極而復怖畏，不能復進。前路猶遠，今欲退還。』導師多諸方便，而作是念：『此等可湣。云何捨大珍寶而欲退還？』作是念已，以方便力於險道中過三百由旬，化作一城，告衆人言：『汝等勿怖，莫得退還。今此大城，可於中止，隨意所作。若入是城，快得安隱。若能前至寶所，亦可得去。』是時疲極之衆，心大歡喜，歎未曾有：『我等今者免斯惡道快得安隱。』於是衆人前入化城。生已度想，生安隱想。爾時導師知此人衆既得止息，無復疲惓，即滅化城。語衆人言：『汝等<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00554','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P554</span></i>去來，寶處在近，向者大城，我所化作，爲止息耳。』諸比丘，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>亦復如是，今爲汝等作大導師。知諸生死，煩惱惡道，險難長遠，應去應度。若衆生但聞一佛乘者，則不欲見佛，不欲親近。便作是念，佛道長遠，久受勤苦，乃可得成佛。知是心怯弱下劣，以方便力而於中道爲止息。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3374" id="3388">〔二〕</a>城：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「滅」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3375" id="3389">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語舍利，意譯「鶖鷺」。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語弗，意譯「子」，故曰<span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>。因母得名。其母身形端正，眼浄如鶖鷺，乃名<span class="zhuanming">鶖子</span>，謂是鶖鷺之子。在佛弟子中，智慧第一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3376" id="3390">〔四〕</a>供養：佛教稱以香花﹑明燈﹑飲食等資養三寶（佛﹑法﹑僧）爲「供養」。分財供養﹑法供養兩種。香花﹑飲食等爲財供養；修行﹑利益衆生叫法供養。　福田：佛教以三寶爲福田，以供養三寶﹑行善修德爲種福田，以其可以收穫福果故。　善時：謂善於把握時機。　堅白：即堅白石。<span class="zhuanming">戰國</span>時名家學説的一個命題。名家<span class="zhuanming">公孫龍</span>主張「離堅白」。認爲「堅」﹑「白」是脱離「石」而獨立存在的實體。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3377" id="3391">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「不曰堅乎，磨而不磷；不曰白乎，涅而不緇。」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">孔安國</span>曰：「言至堅者磨之而不薄，至白者染之於涅而不黑。」謂君子雖在濁亂而不能污。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3378" id="3392">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>時代<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span>的國王，與王后<span class="zhuanming">韋提希夫人</span>皈依<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>，深信佛法，是佛教最初的護持者。見<span class="shuming">頻婆娑羅王詣佛供養經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3379" id="3393">〔七〕</a>破戒：指受戒僧人違反戒律。　薝蔔：又譯「瞻蔔伽」﹑「瞻波」等，意譯「郁金花」。<span class="zhuanming">李時珍</span><span class="shuming">本草綱目木</span>卷三六<span class="shuming">巵子</span>條<span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">蘇頌</span>曰：「今南方及<span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span>州郡皆有之。木高七八尺，葉似李而厚硬。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00555','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P555</span></i>又似樗蒲子，二三月生白花，花皆六出，甚芬香，俗説即<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>薝蔔也。夏秋結實如訶子狀，生青熟黄，中仁深紅，南人競種以售利。」　素服：本色或白色的衣服。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3380" id="3394">〔八〕</a>見<span class="shuming">大方廣十輪經</span>卷三等，然不見<span class="shuming">佛遺教經</span>（即<span class="shuming">佛垂般涅槃略説教誡經</span>）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3381" id="3395">〔九〕</a>枉濫：謂枉錯淫濫，使無辜受害。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3382" id="3396">〔一○〕</a>僧殘：音譯僧伽婆尸沙，戒律中次於波羅夷之重罪。犯僧殘罪，須於二十人以上之清浄大衆前懺悔，並服從僧團之處罰。若不行之，則與犯波羅夷罪同。參見前注。　<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>卷二七：「比丘入聚落，不破壞他事，不觀作不作，但自觀身行，諦視善不善。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3383" id="3397">〔一一〕</a>直己：謂自身守正不阿。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3384" id="3398">〔一二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">迦梵波提</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">笈房鉢底</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">牛呞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">牛王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">牛相</span>等。佛弟子中，解律第一。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷二上：「<span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>，此翻<span class="zhuanming">牛齝</span>。<span class="shuming">無量壽</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">牛王</span>，<span class="shuming">增一</span>云<span class="zhuanming">牛跡</span>。昔五百世曾爲牛王，牛若食後，恒事虚哨。餘報未夷，唼唼常嚼，時人稱爲牛齝。」又<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經玄贊</span>卷一：「<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">笈房鉢底</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">牛相</span>。<span class="zhuanming">憍梵波提</span>，訛也。過去因摘一莖禾，數顆墜地，五百生中，作牛償他。今雖人身，尚作牛蹄牛齝之相，因號爲<span class="zhuanming">牛相比丘</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3385" id="3399">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>：<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天的第二天，即<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>。<span class="shuming">佛地經論</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>，謂此山頂四面各有八大天王，<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>居中，故有此數。」<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷九：「<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>高八萬四千由旬，上有<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>城。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3386" id="3400">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>：佛弟子中，天眼第一。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷一下：「<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹樓馱</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">阿泥盧豆</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音奢切耳。此翻<span class="zhuanming">無貧</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">如意</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">無獵</span>名也。昔於饑世，贈<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>稗飯，獲九十一劫果報充足故，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00556','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P556</span></i>名<span class="zhuanming">無貪</span>。」<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔</span>卷八四：「<span class="zhuanming">阿㝹樓馱</span>等者，亦云<span class="zhuanming">阿泥㝹豆</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">阿那律</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">阿泥嚕多</span>，並<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>音，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>皆云<span class="zhuanming">無滅</span>，亦云<span class="zhuanming">無貧</span>，言一食之施者。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫同躋十號，何則强劣而稱拜者益有豐寡耶<a class="zhuhao" href="#3411" id="3401">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">同以十號，成佛稱禮。於有見獲，益不同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【躋】祖稽切，登也，升也。【豐寡】多少也。</span> <span>蓋舉一時一行，而示乎不一之緣也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若西方偏於接引，<span class="zhuanming">藥師</span>偏於救患等。</span> <span>有理非而言過，如飲酒捉寶，定非沙門。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒經所禁。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【捉】搦也，手執也。</span> <span>記<span class="zhuanming">提婆達</span>一劫入地獄，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">提婆達</span>造五逆，入地獄一劫<a class="zhuhao" href="#3412" id="3402">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>重心害蟻，罪重殺人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如特起上品，瞋心害蟻，重於悮意殺人<a class="zhuhao" href="#3413" id="3403">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span>雖於事則微，而緣情則極，皆聖人至責之詞也。故經云：「我説須陀洹人得成佛，汝不解我意<a class="zhuhao" href="#3414" id="3404">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">據迴心修行説。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【經云】<span class="shuming">涅盤</span>。</span> <span>我説不成佛，汝亦不解我意也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">據定性灰身未迴心者説。</span> <span>夫皇聖照機，卷舒無必<a class="zhuhao" href="#3415" id="3405">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">必，專必也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【無必】必，專也。</span> <span>有以教起從人，故前説人天，後以諦緣而損之也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人天謂五戒十善等，諦謂四諦也，緣謂十二緣生也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3416" id="3406">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>前説諦緣，後以一乘而損之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">令捨羊鹿，趣大白牛。</span> <span>損至無損，乃歸曰大道。有以教不從人，如華嚴前會，小聖在席，視聽之所昧塞也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">初八會，雖小聖在席，而不見不聞，蓋非其境。至第九會，方見聞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3417" id="3407">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>有以人不從教，如初轉法輪<a class="zhuhao" href="#3418" id="3408">〔八〕</a>。十二億衆發無上道意，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛初成道，謂<span class="zhuanming">提謂長者</span>説法，有十二億衆得無生法忍<a class="zhuhao" href="#3419" id="3409">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span>攝末歸本，無量人天，得法眼浄。夫如是，不鉤深不達矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3420" id="3410">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鉤深】若不鉤深演奥，則<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00557','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P557</span></i>空性了義息矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3401" id="3411">〔一〕</a>躋：升，登。　十號：佛的十種名號，即：<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">應供</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">正徧知</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">明行足</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善逝</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">世間解</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無上士</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">調御丈夫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天人師</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">佛世尊</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3402" id="3412">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">提婆達</span>：「提婆達多」之略。見前注。　五逆：謂五種將招致墮無間地獄報應的惡業大罪。<span class="shuming">阿闍世王問五逆經</span>：「有五逆罪，若族姓子，族姓女，爲是五不救罪者，必入地獄不疑。云何爲五？謂殺父﹑殺母﹑害阿羅漢﹑鬥亂衆僧﹑起惡意於<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>所，如是五不救罪。若有男女施行此事者，必入地獄不疑。我今<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>，躬殺父王，我亦當入地獄耶？」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3403" id="3413">〔三〕</a>瞋心：謂能造惡業而生苦果的忿恚之心。　<span class="shuming">出曜經</span>卷一○：「願大王弘恕，身受五戒，爲佛弟子，不敢行殺。守身謹慎，不念邪非。寧自殺身，不以犯戒，殺害蟻子。」<span class="shuming">俱舍論疏</span>卷一七：「問殺斷善人，與害蟻卵，何者罪重？評曰：『應作是説：若依罰罪，殺斷善人，得罪爲重，得邊罪故；若依業道，害蟻卵重，以彼成就諸善法故。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3404" id="3414">〔四〕</a>須陀洹：全稱「須陀般那」﹑「窣路多阿半那」﹑「窣路陀阿鉢囊」，意譯「入流」﹑「逆流」﹑「預流」等。聲聞四果中初果之名。斷除三界中的見惑，即證此果位。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一七：「須陀洹者是外國語，義釋有三：一當名正翻，名修無漏。如涅槃説，須名無漏。陀洹修習，以修無漏故，名須陀洹。二隨義傍翻，名爲逆流。逆生死流，三途生死，永不受故。三隨義傍翻，亦名觸債。將拒三途，因而不受果，故曰觸債。」<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷四七：「窣路多阿半那，此言預流。一聖道説名爲流，能相續流而涅盤故。初證聖果，創參勝列，故名預流。參，預也。舊言須數多分得也，須陀洹者，訛也。或云逆<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00558','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P558</span></i>流，或言人流，亦云至流，皆同一也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3405" id="3415">〔五〕</a>皇聖：大聖人，謂佛。　卷舒：卷起與展開，猶進退﹑開合等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3406" id="3416">〔六〕</a>五戒：指在家信徒終身應遵守的五條戒律，即不殺生﹑不偷盜﹑不邪淫﹑不妄語﹑不飲酒。　十善：不犯十惡，即是十善。十惡爲殺生﹑偷盜﹑邪婬﹑妄語﹑兩舌﹑惡口﹑綺語﹑貪欲﹑瞋恚﹑邪見。　四諦：即苦諦（痛苦）﹑集諦（痛苦的原因）﹑滅諦（涅槃）﹑道諦（消滅痛苦的方法）。<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>卷一二：「苦集滅道，是名四聖諦。」<span class="shuming">涅槃經</span>卷一五：「我昔與汝等不見四真諦，是故久流轉生死大苦海。若能見四諦，則得斷生死。」　十二緣生：即十二因緣。<span class="shuming">祖庭事苑</span>曰：「緣生即十二因緣，亦名十二緣生。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3407" id="3417">〔七〕</a>八會﹑九會：<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀羅</span>譯<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>凡六十卷，總成七處，八會，三十四品。七處，即演説之場所爲七處；八會，即演説之回數爲八會。<span class="zhuanming">唐代</span><span class="zhuanming">實叉難陀</span>譯凡八十卷，總成七處，九會，三十九品。九會即<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>與菩薩四衆﹑天龍八部，於菩提場等處，九番聚會而廣説此經。第一會，此會<span class="zhuanming">菩提場</span>，<span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>説<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>依報因果法門；第二會，此會<span class="zhuanming">普光明殿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利菩薩</span>等説十信等法門；第三會，此會<span class="zhuanming">忉利天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法慧菩薩</span>説十住等法門；第四會，此會於<span class="zhuanming">夜摩天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">功德林菩薩</span>説十行等法門；第五會，此會<span class="zhuanming">兜率天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金剛幢菩薩</span>説十回向等法門；第六會，此會<span class="zhuanming">他化天宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金剛藏菩薩</span>説十地法門；第七會，此會復於<span class="zhuanming">普光明殿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">毗盧遮那如來</span>説阿僧祗數量法門；第八會，此會復於<span class="zhuanming">普光明殿</span>，<span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>説離世間法門；第九會，此會<span class="zhuanming">逝多林</span>，<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利菩薩</span>等説入法界法門。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3408" id="3418">〔八〕</a>初轉法輪：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道後初次講經説法。轉法輪譬喻<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>説法。佛教認爲向衆生灌輸佛法，摧破迷<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00559','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P559</span></i>夢，有如輪寶長轉，破邪降敵。<span class="shuming">大般若涅槃經</span>卷一四：「善男子，諸佛世尊凡有所説，皆悉名爲轉法輪也。善男子，譬如聖王所有輪寶，未降伏者能令降伏，已降伏者能令安隱。善男子，諸佛世尊凡所説法亦復如是，無量煩惱未調伏者能令調伏，已調伏者令生善根。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3409" id="3419">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>：全稱「<span class="zhuanming">帝梨富娑</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">帝履富娑</span>」，又作「<span class="zhuanming">布薩</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">離謂</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">黄瓜</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">胡瓜</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">瓜</span>」。爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道後，最初供養﹑歸依的二商人之一（另一位是<span class="zhuanming">波利</span>）。據<span class="shuming">方廣大莊嚴經</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">商人蒙記品</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>成道第四十九日，於<span class="zhuanming">多演林</span>樹下端坐。時有<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">提謂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">波利</span>兄弟二人，爲衆商主，載五百乘之珍寶將返本國，相遇於此，供養<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，聽講人天之法，並歸依<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>，爲佛弟子。此即佛門有優婆塞之始。　無生法忍：確切地領會「一切法不生不滅」之理，把心安住在所悟不生不滅的中道實相上不動不退。又作無生忍﹑無生忍法﹑修習無生忍。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五○：「無生法忍者，於無生滅諸法實相中，信受通達，無礙不退，是名無生忍。」<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一二：「從境爲名，理寂不起，稱曰無生；慧安此理，名無生忍。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3410" id="3420">〔一○〕</a>法眼：佛﹑菩薩之眼，能夠清楚地見到一切法門，爲五眼之一。<span class="shuming">無量壽經</span>卷下：「法眼觀察，究竟諸道。慧眼見真，能渡彼岸。」<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">義疏</span>：「智能照法，故名法眼。」<span class="zhuanming">俞樾</span><span class="shuming">茶香室三鈔</span><span class="shuming">佛肉眼見四十里</span>：「佛氏五眼：一曰肉眼，二曰天眼，三曰慧眼，四曰法眼，五曰佛眼。」法眼浄：分明見真諦。<span class="shuming">佛説長阿含經</span>卷一：「八萬四千人即於座上遠塵離垢，得法眼浄。」　鉤深：探索深奥的意義。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>修<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，陳褒貶，而<span class="zhuanming">游</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>之徒莫敢措以一詞，豈不以智不及乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3424" id="3421">〔一〕</a>？至若問仁﹑問政﹑聞斯行諸，所問是一，所告不同。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">論語</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3425" id="3422">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【褒貶】上進也，揚其美也；<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00560','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P560</span></i>下損也，退也。<span class="shuming">春秋</span>褒貶，只在一字。【游夏】<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>二人者，夫子文學。【問政】門字悮。</span> <span>雖萬流俱潤，而不滓其源也，故曰「信近於義，言可復也」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3426" id="3423">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有義不必信，可審覆之也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3421" id="3424">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">游</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>（<span class="zhuanming">言偃</span>）與<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>（<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>）。兩人均爲<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>學生，長於文學。見<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「至於爲<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，筆則筆，削則削。<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>之徒不能贊一辭。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3422" id="3425">〔二〕</a>問仁所告不同者，如：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>問仁。子曰：『克己復禮爲仁。一日克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。爲仁由己，而由人乎哉？』<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>曰：『請問其目。』子曰：『非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。』」「<span class="zhuanming">仲弓</span>問仁。子曰：『出門如見大賓，使民如承大祭。己所不欲，勿施於人。在邦無怨，在家無怨。』」「<span class="zhuanming">司馬牛</span>問仁。子曰：『仁者，其言也訒。』」「<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>問仁。子曰：『愛人。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">雍也</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問曰：『如有博施於民而能濟衆，何如？可謂仁乎？』子曰：『何事於仁？必也聖乎！<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>其猶病諸。夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲達而達人。能近取譬，可謂仁之方也已。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>問仁。子曰：『居處恭，執事敬，與人忠；雖之夷狄，不可棄也。』」問政而不同者，如：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">顔淵</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>問政。子曰：『足食，足兵，民信之矣。』」「<span class="zhuanming">子張</span>問政。子曰：『居之無倦，行之以忠。』」「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『政者，正也。子帥以政，孰敢不正。』」「<span class="zhuanming">季康子</span>問政於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『如殺無道，以就有道，何如？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『子爲政，焉用殺？子欲善而民善矣。君子之德，風，小人之德，草。草上之風，必偃。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問政。子曰：『先之，勞之。』請益。曰：『無倦。』<span class="zhuanming">仲弓</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">季氏</span>宰，問政。子曰：『先有司，赦小過，舉賢才。』曰：『焉知賢才而舉之？』曰：『舉爾所知。爾所不知，人其舍諸？』」「<span class="zhuanming">枼公</span>問政。子曰：『近者悦，遠者來。』」「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">莒父</span>宰，問政。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00561','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P561</span></i>子曰：『無欲速，無見小利。欲速則不達，見小利則大事不成。』」聞斯行諸者，如：<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問：『聞斯行諸？』子曰：『有父兄在，如之何其聞斯行之？』<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>問：『聞斯行諸？』子曰：『聞斯行之。』<span class="zhuanming">公西華</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也問聞斯行諸，子曰「有父兄在」；<span class="zhuanming">求</span>也問聞斯行諸，子曰「聞斯行之」，<span class="zhuanming">赤</span>也惑，敢問。』子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">求</span>也退，故進之；<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也兼人，故退之。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3423" id="3426">〔三〕</a>滓：污染。　復：還原。這裏指實踐諾言。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">學而</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『信近於義，言可復也。恭近於禮，遠恥辱也。因不失其親，亦可宗也。』」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">大菽氏</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">目乾連</span>也。上古有仙，居山寂處，常採菉豆而食，因以爲姓，曰<span class="zhuanming">採菽氏</span>。尊者之母是其族也。</span> <span>記七日後雨﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">記七日當雨而不雨，則<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>觀不細也。</span> <span>牸牛白犢，終用克爽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3430" id="3427">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">又<span class="shuming">記</span>「婆羅門家牸牛生犢，額白而尾白」，此皆<span class="zhuanming">目連</span>之麤心也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克爽】上必也，下失也。</span> <span>五百無學，同以天眼討論天地<a class="zhuhao" href="#3431" id="3428">〔二〕</a>，皆二三其説。蓋分理事，亦或乖也。夫十二分教，如晝夜有時，寒暑有月，醫藥味分，闕則寡力，多則無要。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已上皆不可闕，法亦如是。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【無要】下用也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">婆沙</span>謂如三周偱曆四聖諦數，若論之不極也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3432" id="3429">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三周數四諦，謂減緣減行觀也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】音巡，循還經歷四聖諦境。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3427" id="3430">〔一〕</a>牸牛：母牛。　爽：差錯，失誤。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3428" id="3431">〔二〕</a>無學：即「無學果」，爲「阿羅漢果」的意譯，是小乘佛教修行的最高果位。謂學道圓滿，不需要再行修學。<span class="shuming">法華玄贊</span>卷一：「進趣圓滿，止息修習，名爲無學。」五百無學即佛經中經常提到的隨<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>説<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00562','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P562</span></i>法傳道的五百弟子。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span><span class="shuming">五百弟子授記品</span>：「爾時五百阿羅漢於佛前得授記已，歡喜踴躍。」<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>卷四：「<span class="zhuanming">世尊</span>與五百羅漢入<span class="zhuanming">首波城</span>。」<span class="shuming">興起行經</span>謂，佛告<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>，過去<span class="zhuanming">善説王</span>時，有五百豪族童子從<span class="zhuanming">延羅達</span>婆羅門學，「爾時五百童子者，今五百羅漢是」。　天眼：又稱天趣眼，能透視六道﹑遠近﹑上下﹑前後﹑内外及未來等。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五：「於眼，得色界四大造清浄色，是名天眼。天眼所見，自地及下地六道中衆生諸物，若近，若遠，若麁，若細，諸色無不能照。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3429" id="3432">〔三〕</a>十二分教：又稱十二分聖教﹑十二部經，是<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>所説的一切言教，依其内容和形式分爲十二類。分别是：修多羅（契經）﹑祇夜（應頌）﹑和伽羅（授記）﹑伽他（調頌）﹑優陀那（自説）﹑尼陀羅（因緣）﹑婆陁（譬喻）﹑伊帝目多（本事）﹑闇陁伽（本生）﹑毘佛略（方廣）﹑阿浮達摩（未有）﹑優波提舍（論議）。　<span class="zhuanming">婆沙</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">娑婆</span>。意爲「忍土」﹑「忍界」，爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>所教化的此一<span class="zhuanming">三千大千世界</span>。因爲此界衆生忍受諸惡，不肯出離，故稱「忍土」。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">大目乾連冥間救母變文</span>：「俗間之罪滿<span class="zhuanming">婆娑</span>，唯有慳貪罪最多。」　不極：無窮，無限。</span> </p><p> <span>夫大乘我不障小果，彼犢子衆<a class="zhuhao" href="#3442" id="3433">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">上古有仙，染牸而生，故謂犢子部。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大乘我】法我。【小果】生空理也。</span> <span>或執之，而人皆謂隨眠性我，吾弗信也，故<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>造<span class="shuming">對法論</span>，所宗有二，蓋不以一宗爲盡善之門矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3443" id="3434">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">天親</span>本在有部宗出家，説義多宗經部也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3444" id="3435">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【對法】<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">法勝</span>造<span class="shuming">毗曇心論</span>云：「若生諸煩惱，是聖説有漏。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3445" id="3436">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>謂其生字濫於滅道，乃别製<span class="shuming">雜毗曇心論</span>云「若增諸煩惱，是聖説有漏」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3446" id="3437">〔五〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>造<span class="shuming">般若論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>二<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00563','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P563</span></i>之<a class="zhuhao" href="#3447" id="3438">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>造<span class="shuming">金剛般若論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">天親菩薩</span>亦造，故云二也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法勝造毗曇心論】二卷。【雜毗曇】一十一卷。</span> <span>以伯仲，以師資，以行位，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>俱弗先也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">無著</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">師子覺</span>，三兄弟也。<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">留婁沙富羅國</span>人，此云<span class="zhuanming">丈夫土</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">天帝</span>戰<span class="zhuanming">修羅</span>處也。俱在<span class="zhuanming">薩婆多</span>出家。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>先悟大乘，往<span class="zhuanming">兜率宫</span>請<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>説瑜伽，後勸<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>，令悟大乘也。</span> <span>所不然者，止以<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>智障未除，而撾不及於馬腹，尺有短於寸者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">智障，所知障也。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>云「雖鞭之長，不及馬腹」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3448" id="3439">〔七〕</a>。喻<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>雖造論，猶有所不到。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【撾】陟瓜切，捶也。鞭策馬曰撾。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>與諸徒，誓於<span class="zhuanming">修羅窟</span>俟龍華成道，方擬問津焉，謂今<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>未是遍知也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3449" id="3440">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">清辯菩薩</span>以芥子擊<span class="zhuanming">修羅窟</span>，隱候<span class="zhuanming">彌勒佛</span>下生，將問不决之事。今<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>未是至聖者也。</span> <span>後<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>假<span class="zhuanming">龍軍</span>而得見，所不致拜，又索之以形儀焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3450" id="3441">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">得至<span class="zhuanming">兜率</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>不禮，以其作天人相也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3433" id="3442">〔一〕</a>小果：佛教修行所證果位之等第有高低之分，其較低者稱爲「小果」。　犢子衆：即犢子部，小乘二十部之一。謂衆生有實我，非即五藴，非離五藴，即不可説藏。此違佛教所立真無我之理，故名之爲附佛外道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3434" id="3443">〔二〕</a>隨眠：煩惱或煩惱種子。小乘中，説一切有部以貪﹑嗔﹑癡等根本煩惱爲隨眠；經部將煩惱的現行稱爲纏，將其種子稱爲隨眠。大乘唯識宗認爲隨眠是煩惱障和所知障的種子。因眠伏於阿賴耶識中，故稱爲隨眠。　性我：本性之大我。去除了凡夫之妄我，纔能歸入於<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>之性我。　<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>。據<span class="shuming">婆藪槃豆法師傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">富婁沙富羅國</span>人，佛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00564','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P564</span></i>滅後九百年而出。初於<span class="zhuanming">阿逾闍國</span>薩婆多部出家，研學小乘，成<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>。後因長兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>示誨，懺悔小執之非，造<span class="shuming">成唯識論</span>等諸大乘論，弘宣大乘。　<span class="shuming">對法論</span>：<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨論</span>。阿毗達磨，又作阿毗曇等，意譯爲對法﹑大法﹑論，與經﹑律合稱爲三藏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3435" id="3444">〔三〕</a>有部宗：即説一切有部，爲小乘二十部之一，主張三世一切法皆爲實有，故稱有部。與主張一切皆空﹑般若皆空之「空宗」相對。主要以阿毗達磨諸論書爲依據。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3436" id="3445">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">法勝</span>：説一切有部的論師，<span class="zhuanming">吐火羅縛蠋國</span>人，淵識遠鑒，精於阿毗達磨。　<span class="shuming">阿毗曇心論</span>：四卷，略稱<span class="shuming">心論</span>，爲説一切有部重要論書之一。<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">孝武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">太元</span>九年（三八四）<span class="zhuanming">僧伽提婆</span>譯爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>文，十六年<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span>整理成四卷。這裏引文見四卷本卷一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3437" id="3446">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">達摩多羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">曇摩多羅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">達磨怛邏多</span>，爲説一切有部之論師。<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>卷七七稱之爲説一切有部四大論師之一。　<span class="shuming">雜阿毗曇心論</span>：凡十一卷，<span class="zhuanming">劉宋</span><span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋摩</span>等譯，這裏引文見卷一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3438" id="3447">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">無著</span>：<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>兄，參見「天親」注。　<span class="shuming">般若論</span>：<span class="shuming">金剛般若經論</span>。<span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>造爲二卷或三卷（<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">金剛般若論</span>分爲上下兩卷，<span class="shuming">金剛般若波羅蜜經論</span>＜亦名<span class="shuming">金剛能斷般若</span>＞分爲上中下三卷），<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">達磨岌多</span>譯；<span class="zhuanming">天親菩薩</span>造<span class="shuming">金剛般若波羅蜜經論</span>，三卷，<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span><span class="zhuanming">菩提流支</span>譯。皆爲解釋本經之<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>偈頌者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3439" id="3448">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十五年</span>：「古人有言曰：『雖鞭之長，不及馬腹。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3440" id="3449">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">清辯</span>：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">婆毗吠伽</span>，意譯「清辯」。見前注。　<span class="zhuanming">修羅窟</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">阿修羅王</span>所住之石窟，大都在深山<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00565','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P565</span></i>幽谷中。<span class="zhuanming">清辯菩薩</span>入<span class="zhuanming">大安達羅國</span>之<span class="zhuanming">阿素洛宫</span>，待<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>之成佛。見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一○。　龍華：又稱那伽樹﹑龍華菩提樹，略稱龍華，<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>成道時之菩提樹。<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>現居於<span class="zhuanming">兜率天</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>入滅後五十七億六千萬年（一説五十六億七千萬年），自<span class="zhuanming">兜率天</span>下生人間，於龍華樹下成道，爲衆生三度説法。<span class="shuming">增一阿含經</span>卷四四：「去<span class="zhuanming">雞頭城</span>不遠，有道樹名曰龍華，高一由旬，廣五百步。時<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>坐彼樹下，成無上道果。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3441" id="3450">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">德光</span>：音譯<span class="zhuanming">瞿拏鉢剌婆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span><span class="zhuanming">鉢伐多國</span>人。　<span class="zhuanming">龍軍</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">那先比丘</span>，<span class="zhuanming">提婆犀那</span>，又作<span class="zhuanming">那伽斯那</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">那伽犀那</span>，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">龍軍</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四<span class="shuming">秣底補羅國</span>：「大城南四五里，至小伽藍，僧徒五十餘人。昔<span class="zhuanming">瞿拏鉢剌婆</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>）論師於此作<span class="shuming">辯真</span>等論，凡百餘部。論師少而英傑，長而弘敏，博物强識，碩學多聞。本習大乘，未窮玄奥，因覽<span class="shuming">毗婆沙論</span>，退業而學小乘，作數十部論，破大乘綱紀，成小乘執著。……時有<span class="zhuanming">提婆犀那</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>）羅漢往來<span class="zhuanming">睹史多天</span>，<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>願見<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>，决疑請益。<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>以神通力接上天宫，既見<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>，長揖不禮。<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>謂曰：<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>菩薩，次紹佛位，何乃自高，敢不致敬？方欲受業，如何不屈？<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>對曰：尊者此言，誠爲指誨，然我具戒苾芻，出家弟子。<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>菩薩，受天福樂，非出家之侣，而欲作禮，恐非所宜。菩薩知其我慢心固，非聞法器。往來三返，不得决疑。更請<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>，重欲覲禮。<span class="zhuanming">天軍</span>惡其我慢，懱而不對。<span class="zhuanming">德光</span>既不遂心，便起恚恨，即趣山林，修發通定，我慢未除，不證道果。」</span> </p><p> <span>先是中土未有泥洹常住之説<a class="zhuhao" href="#3458" id="3451">〔一〕</a>，但言壽命長遠而已。<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>歎曰：「佛是至極，至極則無變。無變之理，豈有窮耶？」遂著<span class="shuming">法性論</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">廬山遠</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>見曰：「邊國人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00566','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P566</span></i>未有經，便闇與理合。豈不妙哉！」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3459" id="3452">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>講<span class="shuming">泥洹經</span>，謂一闡提人皆得成佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#3460" id="3453">〔三〕</a>，舊學以爲邪説擯之，投于<span class="zhuanming">虎丘</span>，尋往<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>。洎<span class="shuming">大本經</span>至，果與玄契。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">泥洹經</span>説：有一類闡提無種性，終不成佛。及<span class="shuming">涅槃後分經</span>至，一切衆生皆得成佛，果符<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>之義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泥洹經】<span class="shuming">大般若泥洹經</span>六卷，<span class="shuming">方等泥洹經</span>二卷。【虎丘】<span class="zhuanming">蘇州</span><span class="zhuanming">虎丘</span><span class="zhuanming">東山寺</span>也。【廬山】<span class="zhuanming">江州</span><span class="zhuanming">廬山</span><span class="zhuanming">東林寺</span>也。【大本經】<span class="shuming">大涅槃經</span>四十卷，<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經後譯茶毗分</span>二卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">生</span>乃登法座，論義數番，麈尾紛然而墜。隱機順化，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>昔不死，有待故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3461" id="3454">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大本經</span>未至，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>故待之。今既至，乃卒。時人號之『<span class="zhuanming">忍死生</span>』也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隱機】上於靳切，隈也；下几案也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">生</span>今之死，待竟故也。向無<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>落詮之知，則昭昭佛性，隱於無知之輩矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3462" id="3455">〔五〕</a>。國初<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>至<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>，以花請<span class="zhuanming">觀自在</span>像曰：「若一切衆生實有佛性，惟所散花挂菩薩頸。」乃輒如其願。今謂，若使<span class="zhuanming">奘</span>有<span class="zhuanming">生公</span>之知，則不應有是祝也。儻祝之不吉，將不信乎？夫卜者决猶預，定嫌疑，不疑何卜？<span class="shuming">易</span>云：「中心疑者其詞枝。」<span class="zhuanming">奘</span>非其枝乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3463" id="3456">〔六〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">枝，散也。<span class="zhuanming">奘公</span>不合有疑散之道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儻】若也。</span> <span>若爲物而然者，蓋是導物爲疑，乃攜人之心矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">奘</span>本不疑，恐後人疑，故示此以導之也。攜，離散也。󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3464" id="3457">〔七〕</a>隳散後來之疑心也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3451" id="3458">〔一〕</a>泥洹：即涅槃，意譯「滅」﹑「滅度」﹑「寂滅」﹑「圓寂」等，是佛教全部修習所要達到的最高理想，一般指熄滅生死輪迴後的境界。<span class="zhuanming">僧肇</span><span class="shuming">涅槃無名論</span>：「涅槃之道，蓋是三乘之所歸，方等之淵府。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00567','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P567</span></i>一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「涅槃譯云滅度，或言常樂我浄，明無遷謝及諸苦累也。」　常住：指綿亘過去﹑現在﹑未來三世，恒常存在，永不生滅變易。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3452" id="3459">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「先是中土未有泥洹常住之説，但言壽命長遠而已。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃歎曰：『佛是至極，至極則無變。無變之理，豈有窮耶？』因著<span class="shuming">法性論</span>曰：『至極以不變爲性，得性以體極爲宗。』<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>見論而歎曰：『邊國人未有經，便闇與理合。豈不妙哉！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3453" id="3460">〔三〕</a>一闡提人：佛經中稱斷絶一切善根的人爲「一闡提」。參<span class="shuming">宗師議</span>篇「闡提」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3454" id="3461">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">竺道生傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">竺道生</span>，本姓<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">鉅鹿</span>人。……自經典東流，譯人重阻。多守滯文，鮮見圓義。若忘筌取魚，始可與言道矣。於是校閲真俗，研思因果。迺立善不受報，頓悟成佛。……又六卷<span class="shuming">泥洹</span>先至京師，<span class="zhuanming">生</span>剖析經理，洞入幽微，迺説阿闡提人皆得成佛。于時<span class="shuming">大本</span>未傳，孤明先發，獨見忤衆。於是舊學以爲邪説，譏憤滋甚，遂顯大衆，擯而遣之。<span class="zhuanming">生</span>於大衆中正容誓曰：『若我所説反於經義者，請於現身即表厲疾。若與實相不相違背者，願捨壽之時，據<span class="zhuanming">師子座</span>。』言竟，拂衣而遊。……後<span class="shuming">涅盤大本</span>至於<span class="zhuanming">南京</span>，果稱闡提悉有佛性。與前所説，合若符契。<span class="zhuanming">生</span>既獲斯經，尋即講説。以<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元嘉</span>十一年冬十一月庚子，於<span class="zhuanming">廬山精舍</span>昇於法座。神色開朗，德音俊發。論議數番，窮理盡妙。觀聽之衆，莫不悟悦。法席將畢，忽見麈尾紛然而墜。端坐正容，隱几而卒。顔色不異，似若入定。道俗嗟駭，遠近悲泣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3455" id="3462">〔五〕</a>落詮：詮，通「筌」。落詮，當爲「不落言筌」之略，指不拘泥於言辭表面。「落詮之知」指能夠理解言外之意的智慧。語出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">外物</span>：「筌者所以在魚，得魚而忘筌。蹄者所以在兔，得兔而忘蹄。言<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00568','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P568</span></i>者所以在意，得意而忘言。吾安得夫忘言之人而與之言哉！」又<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">詮言訓</span>註曰：「詮，就也。就萬物之指，以言其徵，事之所謂，道之所依也。」亦可參酌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3456" id="3463">〔六〕</a>猶預：猶豫。　嫌疑：懷疑，猜疑。　<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭下</span>：「將叛者其辭慚，中心疑者其辭枝，吉人之辭寡，躁人之辭多，誣善之人其辭游，失其守者其辭屈。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3457" id="3464">〔七〕</a>底本漫漶不清。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本作「内」。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>撰<span class="shuming">涅槃疏</span>，慮匪叶于聖衷，置疏於舍利塔前，焚香請徵驗，其疏與舍利放光，通三晝夜，聯照不絶。而<span class="zhuanming">浄影</span>之徒，未之允也，長己所製，終於並驅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3472" id="3465">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【匪叶】上非也，下合也，和也。【衷】音中，善也，正也。【浄影】<span class="zhuanming">浄影</span>之徒者，<span class="zhuanming">隋文帝</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">遠法師</span>於<span class="zhuanming">天門</span>之南﹑大街之右﹑東西衝雲遊聚疲置寺，名曰<span class="zhuanming">浄影</span>。【長己】上直良切，遠也；下自己也。【驅】馳也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>既御，不假載燧；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">望舒，月光也。月光既出，行者不假執炬。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【望舒】月圓曰望，璃光曰舒。【御】進也。【載】音再，事也。又音在，運也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">翳</span>號既族，寧期私灑<a class="zhuhao" href="#3473" id="3466">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">翳</span>號，雲雷也。雲雷既布，甘澤普滋也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【灑】沙下切，霑灑也。</span> <span>而闔户之家，華釭特舉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">月影雖流，蘭釭尚照。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【闔】音盍，閉也。【釭】音江，灯也。</span> <span>營圃之叟，綆缶自溉<a class="zhuhao" href="#3474" id="3467">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">芸蔬不可不灌。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【營圃】上造也，下音補，種菜曰圃。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：吾不如老圃<a class="zhuhao" href="#3475" id="3468">〔四〕</a>。【綆缶】上音梗，井索也；下音否，瓦器也。【芸蔬】上菜名，美而可食；下所葅切，菜蔬也。</span> <span>良以遐光不燭隩，驟雨不滋本，各惟所利，爲美故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隩】深也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00569','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P569</span></i> <span>議者以<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>則文句愜當，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>則標舉宏贍。學者彈其美，該善而求諸，不以感靈，得<span class="zhuanming">延</span>而廢<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3476" id="3469">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彈，劾也。<span class="zhuanming">北遠</span>與<span class="zhuanming">曇延</span>俱著<span class="shuming">涅槃經疏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">延</span>則文詞博贍，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>則言旨簡當。後多傳<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>疏，不以<span class="zhuanming">延</span>疏有放光之靈故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宏贍】上大也；下豐也。【彈】音壇，督察也，糾也。【該】備也。【劾】胡得切，推窮罪人也。</span> <span>故古云：「雖有挈瓶之智，而守不假器<a class="zhuhao" href="#3477" id="3470">〔六〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>云：挈瓶，小智也。雖小智所守，不可假人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【挈】苦結切，提也。【雖有挈瓶之智】喻<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>有大才，不可假人一章疏，遂自製<a class="zhuhao" href="#3478" id="3471">〔七〕</a>疏焉。</span> <span>其在法義匠焉。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3465" id="3472">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">曇延傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇延</span>，俗緣<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒲州</span><span class="zhuanming">桑泉</span>人也。……<span class="zhuanming">延</span>幽居静志，欲著<span class="shuming">涅槃大疏</span>。……纘撰既訖，猶恐不合正理，遂持經及疏，陳於州治<span class="zhuanming">仁壽寺</span>舍利塔前，燒香誓曰：『<span class="zhuanming">延</span>以凡度仰測聖心，銓釋已了，具如别卷。若幽微深達，願示明靈。如無所感，誓不傳授。』言訖，<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>卷軸並放光明，通夜呈祥，道俗稱慶。塔中舍利，又放神光，三日三夜，輝耀不絶，上屬天漢，下照山河，合境望光，皆來謁拜。其光相所照，與<span class="zhuanming">妙法師</span>大同，則師資通感也。乃表以聞，帝大悦，敕<span class="zhuanming">延</span>就講。既感徵瑞，便長弘演。所著文疏詳之于世，時諸英達僉議，用比<span class="zhuanming">遠公</span>所制。<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>乃文句愜當，世實罕加。而標舉宏綱，通鏡長騖，則<span class="zhuanming">延</span>過之久矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3466" id="3473">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>：神話中爲月駕車的神。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">離騷</span>：「前<span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>使先驅兮，後<span class="zhuanming">飛廉</span>使奔屬。」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">望舒</span>，月御也。」　<span class="zhuanming">翳</span>：<span class="zhuanming">蓱翳</span>，傳説中的雨師名。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">天問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">蓱</span>號起雨，何以興之？」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">蓱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蓱翳</span>，雨師名也。號，呼也。言雨師號呼，則雲起而雨下。」<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">海外東經</span>：「雨師妾在其北。其爲人<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00570','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P570</span></i>黑，兩手各操一蛇，左耳有青蛇，右耳有赤蛇。一曰在十日北，爲人黑身人面，各操一龜。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注：「雨師謂<span class="zhuanming">屏翳</span>也。」　族：聚合，集中。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3467" id="3474">〔三〕</a>綆：汲水用的繩索。　缶：汲水用的瓦器。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公九年</span>：「具綆﹑缶，備水器。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3468" id="3475">〔四〕</a>出<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">樊遲</span>請學稼。子曰：『吾不如老農。』請學爲圃。子曰：『吾不如老圃。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3469" id="3476">〔五〕</a>標舉：高超，超逸。　宏贍：謂氣勢宏大，辭藻豐贍。按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">慧遠傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋慧遠</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人也。……又自説云：初作<span class="shuming">涅槃疏</span>訖，未敢依講。發願乞相，夢見自手造素七佛八菩薩像，形並端峙，<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>自繢飾。所畫既竟，像皆次第起行。末後一像彩畫將了，旁有一人來從索筆，代<span class="zhuanming">遠</span>成之。覺後思曰：『此相有流末世之境也。』乃廣開敷之，信如夢矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3470" id="3477">〔六〕</a>挈瓶：汲水用的小瓶，比喻才智淺小。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公七年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>人來治<span class="zhuanming">杞</span>田，<span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>將以<span class="zhuanming">成</span>與之。<span class="zhuanming">謝息</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>守，不可，曰：『人有言曰：「雖有挈瓶之知，守不假器，禮也。」夫子從君，而守臣喪邑，雖吾子亦有猜焉。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3471" id="3478">〔七〕</a>製：原作「制衣」兩字。</span> </p><p> <span>今有行事，皆尚<span class="zhuanming">中天</span>爲美，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語皆以新經爲正。詳夫<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>諸國，王制各異，況年世今古，風俗治亂？原夫<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>隨其至邦，因事演教，豈得同其律度，一彼量衡？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">量，斗也。衡，稱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【律度】上管也，下音度，量也。謂分寸尺丈是也。【量衡】上度也，下音行，平也。謂銖斤兩等。</span> <span>故由旬俱盧舍<a class="zhuhao" href="#3482" id="3479">〔一〕</a>，遠近殊説；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八俱盧舍爲一由旬。或云十六里，或四十里，遠近不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00571','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P571</span></i>同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由旬】或云由義，又踰闍那，皆訛也。新云踰善那，有云四十里，又云三十里，有云三十二里，新云一十六里。【俱盧舍】謂大牛鳴聲所及處。有云四里，或八里，有云十六里，有云一里半。</span> <span>安居置閏，延促多類<a class="zhuhao" href="#3483" id="3480">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">安居有七，前安居四月十六日，中安居十七至五月十五日，後安居五月十六日。分四心念﹑對首﹑忘成﹑及界。及界有四，一足及界﹑二足及界﹑一足及藍﹑二足及藍，並前爲七也。於五衆比丘﹑比丘尼﹑式叉﹑沙彌﹑沙彌尼<a class="zhuhao" href="#3484" id="3481">〔三〕</a>。前安居五七三十五，後亦三十五，成七十。中安居只有心念﹑對首二，二五十也，共成八十。安居心念謂獨住無人作法也。對首如常，忘成偶忘，至十七日欲明方記，亦成安居。中安居一月，故無此也。及界等，謂從外來，未明至寺。一足入，亦得也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【安居有三】前﹑中﹑後，七者非。</span> <span>而往者未應遍覩，來者何無寡知，奈何欲以<span class="zhuanming">中天</span>一世，定聖人萬方千古之教歟？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3479" id="3482">〔一〕</a>俱盧舍：又作「拘盧舍」﹑「拘婁奢」﹑「句盧舍」等，牛聲或鼓聲得聞之最大距離。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「夫數量之稱，謂逾繕那。舊曰由旬，又曰逾闍那，又曰由延，皆訛略也。逾繕那者，自古聖王一日軍行也。舊傳一逾繕那四十里矣，<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>國俗乃三十里。聖教所載唯十六里，窮微之數，分一逾繕那爲八拘盧舍。拘盧舍者，謂大牛鳴聲所極聞，稱拘盧舍。分一拘盧舍爲五百弓，分一弓爲四肘，分一肘爲二十四指，分一指節爲七宿麥。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3480" id="3483">〔二〕</a>安居：又稱坐夏或坐臘。佛教制度，每年雨季三個月期間，僧徒集中寺舍，禁止外出，致力於禪定修學。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">印度總述</span>：「故<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>僧徒，依佛聖教，坐雨安居，或前三月，或後三月。前三月當此五月十六日至八月十五日，後三月當此從六月十六日至九月十五日。前代譯經論者，或云<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00572','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P572</span></i>坐夏，或云坐臘。」<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>僧徒坐夏爲農曆四月十六日至七月十五日的三個月。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陁國上</span>：「良以方言未融，傳譯有謬，分時計月，致斯乖異，故以四月十六日入安居，七月十五日解安居也。」　延促：長短。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3481" id="3484">〔三〕</a>四心念：指四念處，是指四個安頓心念的處所，又稱四念處觀。就是觀身不浄﹑觀受是苦﹑觀心無常﹑觀法無我，以達到破除執著的浄﹑樂﹑常﹑我四個顛倒。　對首：又作對手﹑對首懺﹑對首懺悔。首，即面。僧徒若犯四十八輕罪而須行懺悔法時，須面對其他之修行僧（一人至三人），禀陳事實，表示悔悟之意，故稱對首。　式叉：式叉摩那尼之略。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一四：「<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云式叉摩那，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言正學。正謂正學六法。言六法者，謂不婬﹑不盜﹑不殺﹑不虚誑語﹑不飲諸酒﹑不非時食。」<span class="shuming">行事鈔資持記</span>上一之二曰：「式叉摩那，此云學法女。由尼報弱，就小學中别提六行爲具方便。二年則驗胎有無，六法則顯行貞固，十誦所謂練身練心，即是義也。」</span> </p><p> <span>經曰：「若人生百歲，不解生滅法，不如生一日，而得解了之。」時有比丘承師誤訓，誦云：「若人生百歲，不識水老鶴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3495" id="3485">〔一〕</a>，不如生一日，而得覩見之。」<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>聞而歔欷，往正彼師，竟不令改，黨之由矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【歔欷】上音虚，虚欷也，歎息皃；下欣衣﹑欣既二切，悲也。</span> <span>夫師者莫大於佛後之學者，各師其師，不承佛爲師。故有採相似之言，逗未濟之俗，祛經像，傳自性，曰：「吾宗教焉。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3496" id="3486">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">若言句之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【吾宗教焉】吾宗禪祖門教令如是也。</span> <span>其釋説之家，皆檢以疏論，發詞斷理，曾不用經，通練其事<a class="zhuhao" href="#3497" id="3487">〔三〕</a>，曰：「吾受<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00573','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P573</span></i>之於吾師也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂講説之家。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斷】决判也。【練】綜習也。</span> <span>夫師者可因之學，非守其所學。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">發明在師，變通由己。</span> <span>章疏可用之爲筌罤，非可守其筌罤，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">筌，取魚器。罤，取兔器。</span> <span>以滯學封文，有至於生者<a class="zhuhao" href="#3498" id="3488">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不以文害意。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【滯學】宗師。【封文】講學。</span> <span>夫陪臣忠於諸侯，而不信於天子，則王化斁矣；家老忠於大夫，而不信於諸侯，則公室危矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3499" id="3489">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其由捨經文而執章疏也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陪臣】上薄回切，重也，隨也。天子臣諸侯，諸侯臣大夫，大夫名重臣也。【斁】音妬，敗也。<span class="shuming">書</span>云：彝倫無斁。從文不從犬也。【家老】大夫之臣。</span> <span>故黨者害上也，而彼非仁知其黨也。但嚴愛保乎其間，利譽存乎其中，損黨則所得不在己矣。昔<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>五邪，陷於熾火<a class="zhuhao" href="#3500" id="3490">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>以五逆入于地獄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【五邪】五逆也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span>猶有行其教者。豈非海上有酷齃，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">腋下惡氣，今謂之鵶臭。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【酷齃】上苦沃切，厚也；下音頞，鼻莖也。非用，宜鶻字，音喝，大臭氣也。【腋】音亦，肘也。【鵶臭】<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>人呼腋臭爲鵶臭，此云鶻臭是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3501" id="3491">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>猶不獨處，誠有慕類者焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人各有黨也。</span> <span>夫君子祗祗庸庸<a class="zhuhao" href="#3502" id="3492">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">祗，敬也。庸，用也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祗】旨夷切，敬也，飾也。祇悮。【庸】和也，易也。</span> <span>小人讎善，固黨甚矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嫉善朋惡之道也。</span> <span>相夫今世，皆隱其不能而詐其能，惡勝己而好不及己。夫逞於不及己者，若誇玄黄於瞽，翫宫徵於聾，徒爾爲也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3503" id="3493">〔九〕</a>。若以<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>視﹑<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>聽<a class="zhuhao" href="#3504" id="3494">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>百步視秋毫，<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>聞聲知興廢。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離婁】<span class="shuming">列子</span>云<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>。注云：<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人也，能百步望秋毫之末。【師曠】<span class="zhuanming">晉平公</span>樂師，善察音律。</span> <span>則彼有所詳，吾得盡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00574','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P574</span></i>矣。故其高議奇談，必若鑿闇開牖，會有所見。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鑿闇開牖】夫爲室者，必穿闇開牖，要有所見者。有本聞，悮。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3485" id="3495">〔一〕</a>水老鶴：又稱水潦鶴﹑水白鶴﹑水白鷺，爲珍奇難遇之鳥。<span class="shuming">根本説一切有部毗奈耶雜事</span>卷四○載，<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>與諸苾芻（即比丘）在<span class="zhuanming">竹林園</span>，有一苾芻説頌曰：「若人壽百歲，不見水白鶴，不如一日生，得見水白鶴。」時<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>聞已，告彼苾芻曰：「汝所誦者，大師不作是語。然<span class="zhuanming">佛世尊</span>作如是説：若人壽百歲，不了於生滅，不如一日生，得了於生滅。」彼苾芻告知其師，其師謂<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>忘失記憶，不可依信：「<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>老暗，無力能憶持，出言多忘失，未必可依信。汝但依舊，如是誦持。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3486" id="3496">〔二〕</a>逗：招引，撩撥。　未濟：出<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">未濟</span>：「火在水上，未濟，君子以慎辨物居方。」<span class="zhuanming">高亨</span>注：「火炎在上，水浸在下，水未能滅火，是救火之功未成。」未濟之俗，指還没有真正悟道的人。　祛：除去，消除。　自性：指一切事物本身具有的不變不滅之性。佛教不同流派，賦予其具體不同的含義。小乘有部的自性指因緣聚合的現象世界中，自生﹑自成﹑永恒存在的自體。大乘唯識宗的自性指依他生起的一切現象，各有相對獨立的體質及區别於他的功能。禪宗的自性，則指真如佛性。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3487" id="3497">〔三〕</a>通練：通曉熟悉。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3488" id="3498">〔四〕</a>筌：捕魚器。罤：捕兔器。筌罤喻指獲取佛道的工具。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷一上：「當知種種聲教，若微若著，若權若實，皆爲佛道而作筌罤。」　生：底本漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>作阙文。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3489" id="3499">〔五〕</a>陪臣：古代天子以諸侯爲臣，諸侯以大夫爲臣，大夫又自有家臣。因之大夫對於天子，大夫之家臣對於諸侯，都是隔了一層的臣，即所謂「重臣」，因之都稱爲「陪臣」。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">欒盈</span>過<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00575','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P575</span></i>於<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>西鄙掠之。辭於行人曰：『天子陪臣<span class="zhuanming">盈</span>得罪於王之守臣，將逃罪。』」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「諸侯之臣稱於天子曰陪臣。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">曲禮下</span>：「列國之大夫，入天子之國，曰『某士』，自稱曰『陪臣某』。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「亦謂諸侯之卿也。三命以下於天子爲曰某士者，如<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">韓起</span>聘於<span class="zhuanming">周</span>，儐者曰<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>士起。陪，重也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「其君已爲王臣，己今又爲己君之臣，故自稱對王曰重臣也。」　斁：敗壞。　家老：上古大夫家臣中的長者。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一四<span class="shuming">晉語八</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">叔向</span>聞之，見<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>曰：『聞子與和未寧，徧問於大夫，又無决，盍訪之<span class="zhuanming">訾祏</span>？<span class="zhuanming">訾祏</span>實直而博，直能端辨之，博能上下比之，且吾子之家老也。』」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「家臣室老。」　公室：指君主之家，王室。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3490" id="3500">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">調達</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>。參前注。　五邪：即五逆。指五種大逆不道的罪過：殺父及母﹑阿羅漢，破壞聲聞和合僧，出佛身血。見<span class="shuming">佛説十輪經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3491" id="3501">〔七〕</a>鶻臭：猶狐臭。<span class="zhuanming">張商英</span><span class="shuming">續清涼傳</span>卷上：「（<span class="zhuanming">繼哲</span>）遂拂壁寫一偈云：『閲盡龍宫五百函，三年不下祕魔巖。須知别有安身處，脱却<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>鶻臭衫。』」<span class="zhuanming">釋惠洪</span><span class="shuming">僧寶傳</span>卷八<span class="shuming">洞山守初禪師</span>：「若是衲僧凍殺餓殺，終不著渠鶻臭布衫。」又鵶臭，<span class="shuming">大慧普覺禪師宗門武庫</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大和</span>見乃唾云：『此頌如人患鵶臭當風立地，其氣不可聞。』自是<span class="zhuanming">白</span>不敢出似人。後<span class="zhuanming">黄魯直</span>聞之，到<span class="zhuanming">成都</span><span class="zhuanming">大慈寺</span>，大書於壁云：『<span class="zhuanming">峨嵋</span><span class="zhuanming">白長老</span>，千頌自成集。<span class="zhuanming">大和</span>曾有言，鵶臭當風立。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3492" id="3502">〔八〕</a>祗：底本正文及<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注均誤爲「祇」，此據文意及<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>注改。祗庸：敬而有常。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">大司樂</span>：「以樂德教國子，中和祗庸孝友。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「祗，敬。庸，有常也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3493" id="3503">〔九〕</a>宫﹑徵：古代五音「宫商角徵羽」之一，借指音樂。　徒爾：徒然，枉然。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00576','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P576</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3494" id="3504">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>：相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人，視力特别好。　<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span><span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>樂師，善於辨音。<span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">離婁上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>之明，<span class="zhuanming">公輸子</span>之巧，不以規矩，不能成方圓。<span class="zhuanming">師曠</span>之聰，不以六律，不能正五音。』」<span class="zhuanming">焦循</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>，古之明目者，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人也。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>亡其玄珠，使<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>索之。<span class="zhuanming">離朱</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">離婁</span>也，能視於百步之外，見秋毫之末。」</span> </p><p> <span>至若褒貶不佞，崇替克顯<a class="zhuhao" href="#3515" id="3505">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">崇，重。替，廢也。褒貶不徇於世，可謂君子也。</span> <span>舉世然之，或謂之不然；舉世不然之，或謂之然。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">衆惡之必察焉，衆好之必察焉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【舉】遍也。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>昏慝也，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以爲賢君，任智授能，不亡社稷也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3516" id="3506">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昏，暗。慝，惡也。<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>雖無道而不亡者，<span class="zhuanming">王孫賈</span>治軍旅，<span class="zhuanming">祝鮀</span>治宗廟，<span class="zhuanming">仲叔圉</span>治賓客故也。以其用人，夫子稱之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【任智】委信也。【王孫賈】<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>執政大夫。【軍旅】<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">夏官</span><span class="shuming">司馬</span>云：凡萬二千五百爲軍。王六軍，大國三軍，次國二軍，小國一軍；旅，音吕，軍五百人爲旅也。【祝鮀】上音粥，姓也；下音駝，名也。乃<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">魚</span>也，時世貴其口佞。【仲叔圉】下音語，<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>大夫。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>淵慧也，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以爲不賢，不仁不智，兩至乎三也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3517" id="3507">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>有三不仁：下<span class="zhuanming">展禽</span>﹑縱逆祀﹑妾織蒲；三不智：廢六關﹑祀爰鶋﹑作虚器。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臧文仲】<span class="zhuanming">魯孝公</span><span class="zhuanming">臧僖伯</span>之後，以<span class="zhuanming">臧</span>爲氏。<span class="zhuanming">文仲</span>執<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>政。【展禽】<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>也。【縱逆祝】上去呼，放捨也。謂躋<span class="zhuanming">僖公</span>在<span class="zhuanming">閔公</span>上也。【妾織蒲】爲家貪利。【廢六關】上退也，放置也。或云置六關。置，安設也。令税行人。【祀爰鶋】中是雞字。下音居。祀爰，海鳥也。【作虚器】謂居蔡。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>九合爲功，降爲小器<a class="zhuhao" href="#3518" id="3508">〔四〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">輔<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>，不至王道而以霸術，故小之也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">魯君</span>墮玉，黜爲不幸<a class="zhuhao" href="#3519" id="3509">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯定公</span>十五年，<span class="zhuanming">邾隱公</span>來朝，執玉高，其容<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00577','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P577</span></i>仰。<span class="zhuanming">定公</span>受玉卑<a class="zhuhao" href="#3520" id="3510">〔六〕</a>，其容俯。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：「以禮觀之，此二君皆有死亡焉。」此年<span class="zhuanming">定公</span>薨，<span class="zhuanming">魯哀</span>七年，<span class="zhuanming">邾子</span>出奔，皆如其言。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邾】音株，國名。<span class="shuming">列國圖</span>在<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之西，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>之南也。</span> <span>是以口爲詞圃，心爲智府，園不德之䉉稜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">䉉，方也。稜，角也。有智者能圓之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圓】五丸切，削也。【窳】胡﹑沽二音，方也。【稜】音楞，方木也。</span> <span>發沉善之輝華，方可謂之人倫鞶鑑矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鞶鑑，鏡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞶鑑】上薄官切，大帶也。下古懺切，鏡也。鞶鑑見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3521" id="3511">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span>今者一夫謬非，和者萬計；一夫猥譽，和者亦萬計。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">隨流逐塊者衆也。</span> <span>唯唯然都不知所以善惡也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3522" id="3512">〔八〕</a>。其有鄙争好勝之門，自不隱括其愚，馳突擊搏<a class="zhuhao" href="#3523" id="3513">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以所習爲矛楯，以同侣爲勍敵。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隱括】上私也，下檢也。</span> <span>若旝投于石，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">旝者，以木引石，用擊敵人。若今之𣚃槔，所謂抛是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【旝】古外切，以木直石投敵也。</span> <span>以爲能掩敵疆埸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">音易，邊界之地。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疆埸】邊界。</span> <span>莫有攸忌。於所不與者，則奔嚙踶蹋而可畏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3524" id="3514">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">朋黨宗徒，互生毁滅，所謂惡之欲其死也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【與】善也。【踶蹋】上音第，蹋也。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：馬怒則分背相踶。下踐也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3505" id="3515">〔一〕</a>崇替：興廢，盛衰。<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">楚語下</span>：「吾聞君子唯獨居思念前世之崇替者，與哀殯喪，於是有歎，其餘則否。」<span class="zhuanming">韋昭</span>注：「崇，終也；替，廢也。」按：<span class="zhuanming">俞樾</span><span class="shuming">古書疑義舉例</span><span class="shuming">兩字對文而誤解例</span>：「按崇替二字對文，<span class="zhuanming">韋</span>注曰：『崇，終也；替，廢也。』是未達崇字之義。<span class="shuming">文選</span><span class="shuming">東京賦</span><span class="zhuanming">薛綜</span>注曰：『崇猶興也。』然則崇替猶言興廢。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00578','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P578</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3506" id="3516">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷三<span class="shuming">賢君</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『當今之君，孰爲最賢？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>未之見也，抑有<span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>乎？』公曰：『吾聞其閨門之内無别，而子次之賢，何也？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『臣語其朝廷行事，不論其私家之際也。』公曰：『其事何如？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>對曰：『<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>之弟曰：<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">渠牟</span>，其智足以治千乘，其信足以守之，<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>愛而任之。又有士<span class="zhuanming">林國</span>者，見賢必進之，而退與分其禄，是以<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>無遊放之士，<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>賢而尊之。又有士曰<span class="zhuanming">慶足</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">衛國</span>有大事，則必起而治之；國無事，則退而容賢，<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>悦而敬之。又有大夫<span class="zhuanming">史鰌</span>，以道去<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，而<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>郊舍三日，琴瑟不御，必待<span class="zhuanming">史鰌</span>之入，而後敢入。臣以此取之，雖次之賢，不亦可乎？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3507" id="3517">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">衛靈公</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>其竊位者與！知<span class="zhuanming">柳下惠</span>之賢而不與立也。』」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>，其不仁者三，不知者三：下<span class="zhuanming">展禽</span>﹑廢六關﹑妾織蒲，三不仁也；作虚器﹑縱逆祀﹑祀爰居，三不知也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3508" id="3518">〔四〕</a>九合：多次會盟。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>九合諸侯，不以兵車，<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>之力也。」<span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span>疏：「言九合者，<span class="shuming">史記</span>云：兵車之會三，乘車之會六。<span class="shuming">穀梁傳</span>云：衣裳之會十有一。」一説謂糾合。<span class="zhuanming">朱熹</span><span class="shuming">集注</span>：「九，<span class="shuming">春秋傳</span>作『糾』，督也，古字通用。」　小器：器量狹小。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>之器小哉！』或曰：『<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>儉乎？』曰：『<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>有三歸，官事不攝，焉得儉？』『然則<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>知禮乎？』曰：『邦君樹塞門，<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>亦樹塞門；邦君爲兩君之好，有反坫，<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>亦有反坫。<span class="zhuanming">管氏</span>而知禮，孰不知禮？』」<span class="zhuanming">何晏</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>：「言其器量小也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3509" id="3519">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">定公十五年</span>：「十五年春，<span class="zhuanming">邾隱公</span>來朝。<span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>觀焉。<span class="zhuanming">邾子</span>執玉高，其容仰。公受玉卑，其容俯。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00579','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P579</span></i><span class="zhuanming">子貢</span>曰：『以禮觀之，二君者，皆有死亡焉。夫禮，死生存亡之體也。將左右﹑周旋﹑進退﹑俯仰，於是乎取之；朝﹑祀﹑喪﹑戎，於是乎觀之。今正月相朝，而皆不度，心已亡矣。嘉事不體，何以能久？高﹑仰，驕也；卑﹑俯，替也。驕近亂，替近病。君爲主，其先亡乎！』……夏五月壬申，公薨。<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>不幸言而中，是使<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>多言者也。』」又見<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷四<span class="shuming">辯物</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3510" id="3520">〔六〕</a>玉卑：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「王畢」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3511" id="3521">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公二十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄭伯</span>之享王也，王以后之鞶鑑予之。」<span class="zhuanming">杜預</span>注：「鞶，帶而以鏡爲飾也，今西方<span class="zhuanming">羌胡</span>猶然。古之遺服。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3512" id="3522">〔八〕</a>猥：鄙陋，卑鄙。　唯唯：恭敬的應答聲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3513" id="3523">〔九〕</a>隱括：矯正，修正。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷一六<span class="shuming">鄧訓傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">訓</span>考量隱括。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「隱審量括之也。<span class="shuming">孫卿子</span>曰『拘木必待隱括蒸揉然後直』也。」　馳突：快跑猛衝。　擊搏：出擊。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3514" id="3524">〔一○〕</a>與：親近，讚許。　嚙：咬。　踶：踢。</span> </p><p> <span>夫弘藝者不必誡，精識者難爲合，弘則時不爲要，精乃人惡其察，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有高人之行者，故見誹於世；有獨知之慮者，必見慠於人。</span> <span>但不可以其然而不爲之然也。今翾爾學徒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">翾，小飛之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翾】許緣切，小飛之類。</span> <span>於疏論禪法，皆劣他優己。以己所未聞，謂人之未聞；以己所未知，謂人之未知。曾不參較衆匠，决其所專，是以微善所習而愚所不習，顧其器則滿無以加也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">籠羅於鄙俚之徒，鼓扇向庸愚之内。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【參較】參，受决也；下音角，明也，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00580','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P580</span></i>直也。</span> </p><p> <span>夫夢者覺乃知是夢，迷者悟乃知是迷。向使正處迷夢之間，人謂迷夢者，彼必詬咤矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">詬咤，怒駡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【詬咤】上音寇，駡也；下陟駕切，怒也。</span> <span>觀乎往所製撰者，鮮有正於名理，如<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>云鸚鵡死云「滅度」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3531" id="3525">〔一〕</a>；<span class="zhuanming">道法</span>徂世，稱定中坐化<a class="zhuhao" href="#3532" id="3526">〔二〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一切定心，無有死生。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【徂】作胡切，往也。宜殂字，死也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">什公誄</span>言薨<a class="zhuhao" href="#3533" id="3527">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天子曰崩，如天地崩壞也；諸侯曰薨，如山摧之聲也。今或以<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>比諸侯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誄】述前人功德也。【薨】呼宏切，亡也。凡二品已上曰薨，五品已上曰卒，六品已下達於庶人曰死。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>大捨懺，謂之捨墮<a class="zhuhao" href="#3534" id="3528">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">墮，罪名也，謂三十尼薩耆也。如畜長衣十日，應兩人對手假捨，謂之捨。若過十日不捨，則結尼薩耆罪，謂之墮，故曰捨墮。今捨財懺罪，但可云捨懺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3535" id="3529">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【長衣】上去呼，多也，勝也。物長尺六，皆名長衣。<span class="shuming">四分</span>云：長衣者，長<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>八指，廣四指佛指，面廣二寸也。</span> <span>蓋流俗淺誤，不忌之談也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3536" id="3530">〔六〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3525" id="3531">〔一〕</a>滅度：即涅槃。滅是滅盡見思﹑塵沙﹑無明三種惑，度是度脱分段﹑變易兩種生死。按：<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷六<span class="shuming">慧約傳</span>：「有二孔雀，驅斥不去，敕乃聽上。徐行至壇，俛頸聽法。上曰：『此鳥必欲滅度，别受餘果。』矜其至誠，更爲説法。後數日，二鳥無何同化。」未見云鸚鵡滅度者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3526" id="3532">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">道法傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋道法</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">曹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">元徽</span>二年（四七四）於定中滅度，平坐繩床，貌悦恒日。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3527" id="3533">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">廣弘明集</span>卷二三<span class="zhuanming">釋僧肇</span><span class="shuming">鳩摩羅什法師誄</span>：「癸丑之年，年七十，四月十三日薨於大寺。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00581','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P581</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3528" id="3534">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</span>卷一○：「又告門人曰：吾無常期至，意欲捨墮，宜命有緣總集。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3529" id="3535">〔五〕</a>尼薩耆：即尼薩耆波逸提，意譯「盡捨墮」﹑「捨墮」。尼薩耆，意爲「盡捨」；波逸提，意爲墮。即波逸提之一種，謂應捨棄集貯無用的長物﹑貪心﹑罪業。共有三十條戒，稱爲三十捨墮。<span class="shuming">四分比丘戒本疏</span>卷下：「尼薩耆者，此翻爲盡捨。波逸提者，此翻爲墮。謂犯此罪，牽墮三惡。此就總名，故稱爲墮。若犯此墮，要先捨財，後懺墮罪，故云捨墮。」　長衣：指比丘三衣或百一資具以外之衣。長，爲長物之義。<span class="shuming">四分律删繁補闕行事鈔</span>卷中（二）：「長衣，謂三衣之外財也。」按：此爲佛教畜長衣過限戒，二百五十戒中三十捨墮罪之第一。比丘若於三衣或百一資具之外，得周尺一尺六寸﹑廣八寸已上之衣體，則於十日以内，宜行説浄之法。若不作此法而畜之，過十日之限，則自十一日之明相現時結捨墮罪。<span class="shuming">摩訶僧祇律</span>卷八：「比丘畜長衣不作浄施，而謂已作浄施，過十日，尼薩耆波夜提。」<span class="shuming">四分戒本疏</span>卷二：「貯用屬己名畜，限分之餘稱長，越於期限，故日過十日，能所通舉，故曰畜長衣過十日戒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3530" id="3536">〔六〕</a>不忌：不畏忌，不忌諱。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">昭公十四年</span>：「貪以敗官爲墨，殺人不忌爲賊。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「君子於其言，無所苟而已矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">苟，且也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>君待子而爲政，子曰：「必也正名乎。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3544" id="3537">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">衛靈公</span>召夫子，<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>問：「夫子若至<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>，將何先行？」子云：「先正百物之名。名不正則言不順，言不順則事不成。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衛靈公】下二字悮，應云衛君轍。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">靈幹</span>講<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>，作華藏觀。臨終，天樂來迎，<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>辭不欲往。俄見大水瀰漫，坐蓮華中，彼傳者若不達，夫天宫亦<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00582','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P582</span></i>在乎華藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3545" id="3538">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">説者意云：<span class="zhuanming">靈幹</span>不欲生天，要生諸佛土則不達。華藏包含法界，豈無諸天乎？蓋傳者謬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靈幹】<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>高僧也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">曇榮</span>有僧行，道見光中七佛。告云：「是賢劫普明佛。」今以百劫修相好，真化求之，如實未得矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#3546" id="3539">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十地滿心金剛定後<a class="zhuhao" href="#3547" id="3540">〔四〕</a>，方百劫修相好，千劫學佛威儀，萬劫學化行等。若是真身，豈容凡見？若是化身，安能修相好也。</span> <span>夫事不足紀，言不爲典，何煩簡牘耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">事非稽古，何足編傳？</span> <span>是以大辯無言，言則導意<a class="zhuhao" href="#3548" id="3541">〔五〕</a>，意必有歸。故洞微而語要，盡詞而旨密，於其誣則不書。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">續傳序</span>，<span class="zhuanming">法進</span>作水觀，家人取柴，見繩牀上有好清水，拾二石子安之，<span class="zhuanming">進</span>暮還，覺背痛等。此乃謬之甚也。且作觀是獨影境，唯假想，若令别人見，則屬性境，此乃<span class="zhuanming">宣公</span>孟浪之談也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3549" id="3542">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孟浪】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：夫子以爲孟浪之語，乃漫瀾無所趣會之。<span class="shuming">吴都賦</span>注云鄙野之語矣。</span> <span>振世必紀，是謂彝准<a class="zhuhao" href="#3550" id="3543">〔七〕</a>。於儒<span class="zhuanming">老</span>亦然哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【振】舉也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3537" id="3544">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子路</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">衛君</span>待子而爲政，子將奚先？』子曰：『必也正名乎！』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>曰：『有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？』子曰：『野哉，<span class="zhuanming">由</span>也！君子於其所不知，蓋闕如也。名不正，則言不順；言不順，則事不成；事不成，則禮樂不興；禮樂不興，則刑罰不中；刑罰不中，則民無所錯手足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也。君子於其言，無所苟而已矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3538" id="3545">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">靈幹傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋靈幹</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">金城</span><span class="zhuanming">狄道</span>人。……初，<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>志奉<span class="shuming">華嚴</span>，常依經本，作蓮華藏世界海觀及<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>天宫觀。至於疾甚，目精上視，不與人對。久之，乃垂顧如常日。沙門<span class="zhuanming">童真</span>問疾，因見是相。<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">真</span>曰：『向見青衣童子二人來召，相逐而去。至<span class="zhuanming">兜率天</span>城外，未得入宫。若翹<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00583','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P583</span></i>足舉望，則見城中寶樹花蓋。若平立，則無所見也。』旁侍疾者曰：『向舉目者，是其相矣。』<span class="zhuanming">真</span>曰：『若即往彼，大遂本願。』<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>曰：『天樂非久，終墜輪迴。蓮華藏世界，是所圖也。』不久氣絶，須臾復還。<span class="zhuanming">真</span>問：『何所見耶？』<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>曰：『見大水遍滿，華如車輪。<span class="zhuanming">幹</span>坐其上，所願足矣。』尋爾便卒。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3539" id="3546">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二○<span class="shuming">曇榮傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋曇榮</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">張氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">定州</span><span class="zhuanming">九門</span>人。……<span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>七年，清信士<span class="zhuanming">常凝保</span>等請<span class="zhuanming">榮</span>於州治<span class="zhuanming">法住寺</span>行方等悔法。至七月十四日，有本寺沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧定</span>者，戒行精固，於道場内見大光明。五色間起，從上而下。中有七佛，相好非常。語<span class="zhuanming">僧定</span>云：『我是<span class="zhuanming">毗婆尸如來</span>無所著至真等正覺，以汝罪銷，故來爲證，然非本師，不與授記。』如是六佛，皆同此詞。最後一佛云：『我是汝本師<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>也。爲汝罪銷，故來授記。<span class="zhuanming">曇榮</span>是汝滅罪良緣，於賢劫中名<span class="zhuanming">普寧佛</span>。汝身器清浄，後當作佛，名爲<span class="zhuanming">普明</span>。』若斯之應現感靈祥，信難圖矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3540" id="3547">〔四〕</a>十地：菩薩修行過程中漸近於佛的十種境界，亦稱十住。<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>卷二三：「菩薩摩訶薩智地有十，過去﹑現在﹑未來諸佛已説﹑今説﹑當説，爲是地故，我如是説。何等爲十？一曰歡喜，二曰離垢，三曰明，四曰焰，五曰難勝，六曰現前，七曰遠行，八曰不動，九曰善慧，十曰法雲。」　金剛定：又曰金剛喻定﹑金剛三昧，菩薩於最後位斷滅最極微細之煩惱的禪定名。其智用堅利，譬如金剛。<span class="shuming">仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經</span>卷上：「動相滅時，名金剛定。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3541" id="3548">〔五〕</a>大辯無言：有口才﹑善於辯論的人，並不多説話以顯示自己。大辯：善於辯論。語出<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「大辯不言，大仁不仁。」「大辯不言」，<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「已自别也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「妙悟真宗，無可稱説，故辯彫萬物，而言無所有。」　導意：致意。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00584','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P584</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3542" id="3549">〔六〕</a>孟浪：荒誕没有邊際。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「夫子以爲孟浪之言，而我以爲妙道之行也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「孟浪，猶率略也。」<span class="zhuanming">宣公</span>孟浪之談，見<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公十年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">陳靈公</span>與<span class="zhuanming">孔寧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">儀行父</span>飲酒於<span class="zhuanming">夏氏</span>。公謂<span class="zhuanming">行父</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">徵舒</span>似女。』對曰：『亦似君。』<span class="zhuanming">徵舒</span>病之。公出，自其厩射而殺之。二子奔<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>。」　<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">法進傳</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">釋法進</span>，不知氏族，住<span class="zhuanming">益州</span><span class="zhuanming">綿竹縣</span><span class="zhuanming">響應山</span><span class="zhuanming">玉女寺</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">輝禪師</span>弟子。……後教水觀。家人取柴，見繩床上有好清水。拾兩白石，安著水中。<span class="zhuanming">進</span>暮還寺，彌覺背痛。具問家人，云安石子。語令明往，可除此石。及旦進禪，家人還見如初清水。即除石子，所苦便愈。」按：本事出<span class="shuming">大佛頂萬行首楞嚴經</span>卷五：「<span class="zhuanming">月光童子</span>即從座起，頂禮佛足而白佛言：我憶往昔<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>沙劫，有佛出世，名爲<span class="zhuanming">水天</span>。教諸菩薩，修習水精，入三摩地。觀於身中，水性無奪。初從涕唾，如是窮盡。津液精血，大小便利，身中漩澓，水性一同，見水身中與世界外浮幢王刹諸香水海等無差别。我於是時，初成此觀。但見其水，未得無身，當爲比丘室中安禪。我有弟子窺窗觀室，唯見清水，遍在屋中，了無所見。童稚無知，取一瓦礫投於水内。激水作聲，顧盻而去。我出定後，頓覺心痛，如<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>遭違害鬼。我自思惟：『今我已得阿羅漢道，久離病緣，云何今日，忽生心痛，將無退失？』爾時童子捷來我前，説如上事，我則告言：『汝更見水，可即開門，入此水中，除去瓦礫。』童子奉教，後入定時，還復見水，瓦礫宛然，開門除出，我後出定，身質如初。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3543" id="3550">〔七〕</a>彝准：準則。</span> </p><p> <span>若乃評今古﹑諦否臧，不可以尊嚴稱，不可以卑辱廢，不可以親厚黨，不可以嫌隟頗<a class="zhuhao" href="#3560" id="3551">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夫爲史筆，一曰才﹑二曰學﹑三曰斷。自非<span class="zhuanming">董狐</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南史</span>之流，莫當此任也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3561" id="3552">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黨】與也，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00585','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P585</span></i>美也。【頗嫌隟】上偏，中心不平也；下綺戟切，怨也。【董<a class="zhuhao" href="#3562" id="3553">〔三〕</a>狐】<span class="zhuanming">晉靈公</span>太史名也。【南史】<span class="zhuanming">齊莊公</span>史官。</span> <span>彼<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之<span class="zhuanming">三桓</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">季孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">仲孫</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">叔孫</span>，皆<span class="zhuanming">魯桓公</span>之後。</span> <span>識豈齊於<span class="zhuanming">顔</span><span class="zhuanming">閔</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3563" id="3554">〔四〕</a>？<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>之七貴<a class="zhuhao" href="#3564" id="3555">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span>之族，七代貴盛也。<span class="zhuanming">左思</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span>籍舊業，七葉珥<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>貂。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【仲孫】後改爲<span class="zhuanming">孟孫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之下卿。【叔孫】<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之中卿。【金張】<span class="zhuanming">金日磾</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張陽</span>也。詩云：「鬱鬱澗底松，離離山上苗。以彼徑寸莖，蔭此百尺條。世胄<a class="zhuhao" href="#3565" id="3556">〔六〕</a>躡高位，英俊沉下僚。地勢使之然，由來非一朝。<span class="zhuanming">金</span><span class="zhuanming">張</span>藉舊業，七葉躡金貂。<span class="zhuanming">馮公</span>豈不偉，白首不見招。」<span class="zhuanming">金日磾</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢武帝</span>内侍。<span class="zhuanming">張陽</span>，封<span class="zhuanming">富平侯</span>。【珥】仍志切，飾也，璫也。【貂】音刁，蟬冠也。</span> <span>才豈出於<span class="zhuanming">揚</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子雲</span>。著<span class="shuming">大玄經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法言</span>﹑<span class="shuming">方言</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">司馬相如</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">長卿</span>。著<span class="shuming">封禪文</span>﹑文賦等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【封禪】下音善，封<span class="zhuanming">泰山</span>禪<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>，告天地有所成也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">有子</span>視桐棺四寸，知死不欲速朽。<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>引詩人興詠，發起予之歎<a class="zhuhao" href="#3566" id="3557">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">子曰：「起予者<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【有子視桐棺四寸】<span class="shuming">檀弓</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『問喪於夫子乎？』曰：『聞之矣。喪欲速貧<a class="zhuhao" href="#3567" id="3558">〔八〕</a>，死欲速朽。』『是非君子之言也。<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">參</span>也與<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>聞之。』<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『然。然則夫子有爲言之也？』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>以斯言告於<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>曰：『昔者夫子居於<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">桓司馬</span>爲石槨，三年不成。夫子曰：「若是其靡也，死不如速朽之愈也。」死之欲速朽，爲<span class="zhuanming">桓司馬</span>言之也。又<span class="zhuanming">南宫敬叔</span>反，必載寶而朝。夫子曰：「若是其貨，喪不如速貧之愈也。」喪之欲速貧，爲<span class="zhuanming">敬叔</span>言之也。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>以<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>之言告於<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『然。吾固曰非夫子之言也。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『何以知之？』<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『夫子制於<span class="zhuanming">中都</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#3568" id="3559">〔九〕</a>，四寸之棺，五寸之槨。以此知不欲速朽也。』」【卜商】<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>名也。<span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>引<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「巧笑」等，易知。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00586','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P586</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3551" id="3560">〔一〕</a>諦：細察，詳審。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：「諦，審也。」　否臧：成敗﹑善惡﹑優劣。否，惡；臧，善。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">師</span>：「師出以律，否臧，凶。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「否謂破敗，臧謂有功。」　尊嚴：尊貴威嚴。　稱：稱讚，讚揚。　卑辱：卑微屈辱。　親厚：關係親密，感情深厚。　嫌隟：因猜疑﹑不滿等産生的惡感﹑仇怨。　頗：偏頗，不公正。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3552" id="3561">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">董狐</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span><span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>太史，亦稱<span class="zhuanming">史狐</span>。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">宣公二年</span>：「乙丑，<span class="zhuanming">趙穿</span>攻<span class="zhuanming">靈公</span>於<span class="zhuanming">桃園</span>。<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>未出山而復。太史書曰『<span class="zhuanming">趙盾</span>弑其君』，以示於朝。<span class="zhuanming">宣子</span>曰：『不然。』對曰：『子爲正卿，亡不越竟，反不討賊，非子而誰？』……<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">董狐</span>，古之良史也，書法不隱。』」　<span class="zhuanming">南史</span>：<span class="zhuanming">春秋</span><span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>史官。<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公二十五年</span>載，<span class="zhuanming">齊國</span>大夫<span class="zhuanming">崔杼</span>殺了國君，「太史書曰：『<span class="zhuanming">崔杼</span>弑其君。』<span class="zhuanming">崔子</span>殺之。其弟嗣書，而死者二人，其弟又書，乃舍之。<span class="zhuanming">南史氏</span>聞太史盡死，執簡以往，聞既書矣，乃還。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3553" id="3562">〔三〕</a>董：原誤作「薰」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3554" id="3563">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">顔</span><span class="zhuanming">閔</span>：<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">閔損</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3555" id="3564">〔五〕</a>七貴：指<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>時七個以外戚關係把持朝政的家族。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷一○<span class="zhuanming">潘安仁</span><span class="shuming">西征賦</span>：「窺七貴於<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>庭，譸一姓之或在。」<span class="zhuanming">李周翰</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>庭七貴：<span class="zhuanming">吕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">霍</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">上官</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">丁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">趙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王</span>，並后族也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3556" id="3565">〔六〕</a>胄：原誤作「謂」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3557" id="3566">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">有子</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">有若</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>弟子。<span class="shuming">禮記檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>以<span class="zhuanming">子游</span>之言告於<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『然。吾固曰非夫子之言也。』<span class="zhuanming">曾子</span>曰：『子何以知之？』<span class="zhuanming">有子</span>曰：『夫子制於<span class="zhuanming">中都</span>，四寸之棺，五寸之椁，以斯知不欲速朽也。昔者，夫子失<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>司寇，將之<span class="zhuanming">荆</span>，蓋先之以<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>，又申之以<span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>，以斯知不欲速貧也。』」　<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00587','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P587</span></i><span class="zhuanming">卜商</span>：<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">八佾</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>問曰：『「巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以爲絢兮。」何謂也？』子曰：『繪事後素。』曰：『禮後乎？』子曰：『起予者<span class="zhuanming">商</span>也，始可與言<span class="shuming">詩</span>已矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3558" id="3567">〔八〕</a>貧：原誤爲「貪」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3559" id="3568">〔九〕</a>都：原作「庸」，據出處改。<span class="zhuanming">中都</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span>邑名。</span> </p><p> <span>自金言遐萃，綴述多門<a class="zhuhao" href="#3578" id="3569">〔一〕</a>。廣本略本，名義不同。單譯重譯，有無差異。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">藏經有一譯謂之單，二三已上謂之重譯也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>俾依義不依語，此先見之著也。佛有八音四辯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八音，一清浄音﹑二柔軟音﹑三和適音﹑四諦了音﹑五不女音﹑六不悮音﹑七深遠音﹑八不竭音。四辯者，一法無礙辯﹑二詞無礙辯﹑三義無礙辯﹑四揔持無礙辯。</span> <span>超乎群有<a class="zhuhao" href="#3579" id="3570">〔二〕</a>，叡心沖照，靈誥真雅<a class="zhuhao" href="#3580" id="3571">〔三〕</a>。而譯者率情淺易，章句漏慢，致使搢紳縫掖<a class="zhuhao" href="#3581" id="3572">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">搢，扱笏也。紳，大帶也。縫掖，大袖儒服也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【靈誥】聖教總名也。【雅率】所律切，循也。【搢紳】上音晉，舉笏也。又，插也；下帶也。搢笏而垂紳也。【扱】楚洽切，舉也，引也。</span> <span>相顧意有所非也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以其詞非典雅，如<span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>。</span> <span>其間則有採摭墳素，雕琢文字，語過涉俗，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>等所譯經，文全如著述之體。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【墳素】<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>呼俗典爲墳素也。【雕琢】刻木曰雕，治玉曰琢。</span> <span>理乖精密，尤失聖人之格言也。難乎哉！古今宣譯，咸推<span class="zhuanming">什公</span>門下，質文繁簡，雅得其所，開卷屬耳，泠然古風<a class="zhuhao" href="#3582" id="3573">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【質文繁簡】太質則野，太文則史，太繁則冗，太簡則略。【開卷】自尋閲也。【屬耳】聽講誦也。【泠然】泠泠然清顯流美，若幽谷之水<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00588','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P588</span></i>聲也。</span> <span>嘗致意於譯者，爲就<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>本，爲就刊削乎？如<span class="shuming">法華</span><span class="shuming">法師品</span>，<span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>不載其首；<span class="shuming">普門品</span>，<span class="zhuanming">闍那</span>續出其末<a class="zhuhao" href="#3583" id="3574">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此<span class="shuming">妙法華經</span>文少，<span class="shuming">正法華</span>與<span class="shuming">添品</span>文具足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【刊削】上音看，削定也；下息約切，剪其繁蕪，故曰削也。【法華】<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>譯<span class="shuming">正法華</span>，<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華</span>，此之二本各不足也。至<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">闍那崛多</span>成<span class="shuming">添品法華</span>，文方且矣，今行者是。</span> <span>其間亦有誤爲文者，如<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>翻<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>，云見法有非得<a class="zhuhao" href="#3584" id="3575">〔七〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>出<span class="shuming">婆沙</span>，加一十六字，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>，只於<span class="zhuanming">真諦三藏</span>所譯<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>上，加其文一十六字也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【真諦翻俱舍】<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span><span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>二十二卷，<span class="shuming">録</span>序未詳，應如餘辯。</span> <span>是知不刊之言，彼所未契也。<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>以三不易五過失詳評翻譯，妙盡樞紐<a class="zhuhao" href="#3585" id="3576">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蓋以<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>文難曉，聖意深遠，詞旨雅當，是爲不易也。不善聖旨，章句漏失，言詞蕪穢，是爲過也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樞紐】下女久切，結也，束也，整襟也。</span> <span>後世不能研究其旨，寶爲衡度<a class="zhuhao" href="#3586" id="3577">〔九〕</a>，以爲詞不由中，瞠若不聞也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">瞠，直視皃也。以古譯經文不潤，遂不能討究，矒然無所悟解也，如<span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>所譯者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衡度】上秤也，知輕重也；下入聲，丈尺也，知短長也。【由中】由，從也，經也；中，平呼，正也，堪也。又，去呼，當也。【瞠若】丑庚切，直視也。【矒】目不明也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3569" id="3578">〔一〕</a>金言：佛所説的教言。　萃：薈萃，聚集。　綴述：猶著述。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3570" id="3579">〔二〕</a>群有：猶衆生。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五九<span class="zhuanming">王巾</span><span class="shuming">頭陁寺碑文</span>：「行不捨之檀，而施洽群有。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「群有，謂有色無色，有想無想，以其不一，故曰群有。」<span class="zhuanming">劉良</span>注：「群有，謂萬物。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3571" id="3580">〔三〕</a>叡：深明，明智。　沖：深遠。　照：察知，洞曉。　誥：上告下曰誥。<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷三上：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00589','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P589</span></i>「誥，告也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3572" id="3581">〔四〕</a>率情：任意。　漏：漏失，破綻。　慢：放縱，輕浮。　搢紳：插笏於紳。爲官宦的代稱。　縫掖：亦作「縫腋」。儒者所服。這裏指儒者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3573" id="3582">〔五〕</a>宣譯：宣講翻譯。　質文：質樸與華美。　屬耳：傾聽。　泠然：輕妙﹑美妙貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「夫<span class="zhuanming">列子</span>御風而行，泠然善也。」<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「泠然，輕妙之貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3574" id="3583">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">闍那</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">闍那崛多</span>。按：<span class="shuming">法華經</span>有三個譯本：<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">竺法護</span>譯，稱爲<span class="shuming">正法華經</span>，十卷；<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">闍那崛多</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">達摩笈多</span>共譯<span class="shuming">添品法華經</span>，八卷；<span class="zhuanming">姚秦</span><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯爲七卷，是現今流通最廣的譯本。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3575" id="3584">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>：<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>時期來<span class="zhuanming">華</span>的<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">拘那羅陀</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">親依</span>。又名<span class="zhuanming">波羅木陀</span>，或作<span class="zhuanming">波羅末陀</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>。據<span class="shuming">歷代三寶記</span>，其所譯經論及講述疏記，共四十八部﹑二百三十二卷。<span class="shuming">開元録</span>刊定其譯籍爲三十八部﹑一百零八卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3576" id="3585">〔八〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">歷代三寶紀</span>卷八引<span class="zhuanming">道安</span>「五失本三不易」之説爲：「<span class="zhuanming">安</span>每稱譯<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，有五失本三不易也。一者，胡言盡倒而使從<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，一失本也；二者，胡經尚質，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人好文，傳可衆心，非文不合，二失本也；三者，胡經委悉，至於歎詠，丁寧反覆，或三或四，不嫌文煩，而今裁斥，三失本也；四者，胡有義説，正似亂辭。尋説向語，文無以異，或一千或五百，刈而不存，四失本也；五者，事以合成，將更傍及，反勝前辭，已乃後説而悉除，此五失本也。然智經三達之心，覆面所演，聖必因時。時俗有易而删雅古以適今時，一不易也；愚智天隔，聖人叵階，乃欲以千載之上微言，傳使合百王之下末俗，二不易也；<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>出經，去佛未久，尊（者）<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>令五百六通迭察迭書，今離千年而以近意量裁，彼阿羅漢<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00590','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P590</span></i>乃兢兢若此，此生死人而平平若是。豈將不知法者猛乎？斯三不易也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3577" id="3586">〔九〕</a>寶：珍愛，珍惜。　衡度：量度。這裏指標準。</span> </p><p> <span>且儒爲此方之教，自科斗爲二篆<a class="zhuhao" href="#3592" id="3587">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">古有科斗書，後有大篆﹑小篆也。<span class="zhuanming">周宣王</span>太史<span class="zhuanming">史籀</span>造大篆，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>等造小篆，<span class="zhuanming">程邈</span>造隸書等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蝌蚪】正作蝌蚪字，蝦蟆也。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>史官<span class="zhuanming">蒼頡</span>因觀鳥迹而成，字皆頭麁尾細，象於科斗，故曰科斗書也。【史籀】下音宙，<span class="zhuanming">周宣王</span>太史名，改蝌蚪爲大篆也。【秦李斯】<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>丞相，造小篆也。【程邈】<span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>時造隸書者。</span> <span>篆變爲隸，又經<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>滅，文或舛闕。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>三十三年，因諸生各論<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>事，丞相<span class="zhuanming">李斯</span>奏，乃焚書坑儒，滅先代典籍。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【隸】力計切，八分書曰隸。【舛闕】上昌兗切，乖謬也；下祛曰切，少也，失也。【坈】苦庚切。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">三皇</span><span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>，取捨異説。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或云<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">天皇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">地皇</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">人皇</span>；或云<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>。<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>，<span class="zhuanming">少昊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">帝嚳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【帝嚳】下音酷，<span class="zhuanming">高辛氏</span>也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">魯論</span><span class="shuming">齊論</span>，篇次何定<a class="zhuhao" href="#3593" id="3588">〔二〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">魯論</span>二十篇，<span class="shuming">齊論</span>二十二篇，其間又次第不同也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">禮記</span>之與<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>誄<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>，增減孰是<a class="zhuhao" href="#3594" id="3589">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>卒，<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>誄之，<span class="shuming">禮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">傳</span>其文互差也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">家語</span>之與<span class="shuming">檀弓</span>，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>授琴，偘偘切切，其文豈同<a class="zhuhao" href="#3595" id="3590">〔四〕</a>！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既祥而琴，<span class="shuming">禮記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">家語</span>其文不同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偘】空旱切，和樂也。【切切】割也，刻也。其悲痛若割也。【祥】大祥，除服之祭名。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">孟</span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>所領，亡言取意；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孟軻</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子輿</span>，著書十四篇。<span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>著書十卷，皆是寓言立意，不可執文質義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【軻】苦何切，苦賀切。【十四篇】<span class="shuming">孟子</span>七篇，十四者悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">馬</span><span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>所注，文字互改。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">馬融</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">季長</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北海</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">康成</span>，亦<span class="zhuanming">北海</span>人。並注<span class="shuming">詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮</span>﹑<span class="shuming">論語</span>，皆有<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00591','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P591</span></i>不同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【互改】上遞也。改，更也。謂更相駭正也。【北海人】<span class="zhuanming">馬融</span>，<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">茂陵</span>人。云<span class="zhuanming">北海</span>人，悮。</span> <span>況<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>異語，諸部宗乖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有六宗一十部不同，又大小乘空性各别也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【六宗十一部】上是二字。</span> <span>屢遭無道，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>毁滅。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">涇</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>難别<a class="zhuhao" href="#3596" id="3591">〔五〕</a>，譯<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，其可一乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【涇渭】上出<span class="zhuanming">薄洛之山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>濁也；下<span class="zhuanming">渭水</span>，出<span class="zhuanming">鳥鼠之山</span>，清<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3587" id="3592">〔一〕</a>科斗：指科斗文字。因其筆劃頭圓大尾細長，狀似蝌蚪而得名。<span class="shuming">尚書序</span>：「至<span class="zhuanming">魯共王</span>好治宫室，壞<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>舊宅以廣其居，於壁中得先人所藏古文<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">商</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之書，及傳<span class="shuming">論語</span>﹑<span class="shuming">孝經</span>，皆科斗文字。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3588" id="3593">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">魯論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">齊論</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>時期，<span class="shuming">論語</span>有口頭傳授及從<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>宅壁中所得的本子，計有：<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人口頭傳授的<span class="shuming">魯論語</span>二十篇，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人口頭傳授的<span class="shuming">齊論語</span>二十二篇，從<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>宅壁中發現的<span class="shuming">古論語</span>二十一篇。<span class="zhuanming">西漢</span>末年，<span class="zhuanming">張禹</span>根據<span class="shuming">魯論語</span>，參照<span class="shuming">齊論語</span>，另成一<span class="shuming">論</span>，稱爲<span class="shuming">張侯論</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span>末年，<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>以<span class="shuming">張侯論</span>爲依據，參考<span class="shuming">齊論語</span>﹑<span class="shuming">古論語</span>，作<span class="shuming">論語注</span>，是爲今本<span class="shuming">論語</span>，共二十篇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3589" id="3594">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公十六年</span>載<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>誄<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>文爲：「旻天不吊，不憖遺一老，俾屏余一人以在位，煢煢余在疚，嗚呼哀哉，<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>！無自律。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>所載爲：「天不遺耆老，莫相予位焉。嗚呼哀哉！<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3590" id="3595">〔四〕</a>偘偘：和樂貌。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">鄉黨</span>：「朝，與下大夫言，偘偘如也。」　切切：聲音輕細貌。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">檜風</span><span class="shuming">素冠</span>「我心藴結兮」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「援琴而絃，切切而哀作。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，既祥，五日彈琴而不成聲，十日而成笙歌。」<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">曲禮公西赤問</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>之喪，既祥，<span class="zhuanming">顔路</span>饋祥肉於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>自出而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00592','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P592</span></i>受之。入，彈琴以散情，而後乃食之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3591" id="3596">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">涇</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">涇水</span>和<span class="zhuanming">渭水</span>。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">邶風</span><span class="shuming">谷風</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">涇</span>以<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>濁，湜湜其沚。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「<span class="zhuanming">涇</span><span class="zhuanming">渭</span>相入而清濁異。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫以筳擊鍾，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">筳，小竹也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【筳】音亭，竹名。</span> <span>不盡其響；以管窺天，不達其畔；以凡達聖，曷昭其奥？然不得不就筳之力聽其和，偱管之涯察其畔，竭凡之慮精其理。而傳法之士，惡紕繆之所以深者，蓋以諒至道不篤之人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3601" id="3597">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">覩文籍之浩博，見諸本之異同，怯而不究者，此學者之弊也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惡紕繆】上音污，憎嫌也；中匹毗切，錯也；下音謬，紕也。</span> <span>彼以瑶軸緄縢<a class="zhuhao" href="#3602" id="3598">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">緄，帶也。縢，緘也。所謂繫經者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑶軸】上音遥，美玉也；下音逐，言以美玉爲經也。【緄縢】上音衮，帶也；下徒登切，約也。</span> <span>出自金口<a class="zhuhao" href="#3603" id="3599">〔三〕</a>，爲文定矣。翫𤧫琢者，爲其經典過貶；討論者，爲世智辯聰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃傳心之士，以講解者爲耽味經典之過，討論者有世智辯聰之患也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【𤧫琢】上音鎚，下陟角切。治玉也。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云：玉不琢不成器也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「君子以其所不能畏人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以自不能而敬能者。</span> <span>小人以其所不能不信人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自既無能，而又不重人之所解。</span> <span>故君子長人之才，小人抑人取勝。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#3604" id="3600">〔四〕</a>而世有隱瑕匿疣，飾智籠鄙，盜玄匠之虚譽，祕昏情以自誷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本非藴識，便稱師匠。情多罔冒，每畏徵研也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瑕】玉病也。【疣】音尤，結病也。<span class="shuming">釋名</span>：尤，丘也。出皮上聚，高如地之有丘。【祕】密藏也。<span class="shuming">廣雅</span>云：勞也。</span> <span>特不知渴極則飲多，疑深則悟遠，彼僭夫也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂僭易之夫也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00593','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P593</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3597" id="3601">〔一〕</a>諒：推想，認爲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3598" id="3602">〔二〕</a>瑶軸：卷軸的美稱。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3599" id="3603">〔三〕</a>金口：即佛口。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3600" id="3604">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">子路初見</span>：「君子以其所不能畏人，小人以其所不能不信人。故君子長人之才，小人抑人而取勝焉。」</span> </p><p> <span>或曰：「抉前賢之點<a class="zhuhao" href="#3610" id="3605">〔一〕</a>，則物無疵於教乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以直詮真理，於物不滯，以此斥前賢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【玷】丁簟切。鈌之也。<span class="shuming">語</span>曰：白圭之玷<a class="zhuhao" href="#3611" id="3606">〔二〕</a>。【疵】疾移切，病也。</span> <span>曰：「不然也。<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>辯百草，非欲進人於毒藥；<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>議鍼石，非謂敗人於五藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3612" id="3607">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛説經，非欲墜人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【神農辯百草】<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>嘗百草之滋味，一日中七十毒，由是醫方興焉也。【岐伯】<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時人，創制<span class="shuming">鍼經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">脈訣</span>之文。【鍼石】上與針同，用達身内之病。石，砭也。砭，音窆，石針也。以石刺病也。砭石出東夷。【五臟】肺金臟﹑肝木臟﹑腎水臟﹑心火臟﹑脾胃土臟也。</span> <span>豈<span class="zhuanming">南華</span>斥<span class="zhuanming">姬</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>，則家家無六典<a class="zhuhao" href="#3613" id="3608">〔四〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">莊周</span>非於<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>，六經豈不行哉？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【南華】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">開元</span>十九年詔<span class="shuming">莊子</span>曰<span class="shuming">南華真經</span>。又璃明英華，發揮妙道也。【斥】破也，逐也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">班</span>書評<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>史，則家家無<span class="shuming">史記</span>乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班固</span><span class="shuming">漢書</span>非<span class="zhuanming">馬遷</span><span class="shuming">史記</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【班固】<span class="zhuanming">班固</span>字<span class="zhuanming">孟堅</span>，<span class="zhuanming">扶風</span><span class="zhuanming">安陵</span>人。九歲能屬文，至<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>時，爲<span class="zhuanming">蘭臺</span>令吏，撰<span class="shuming">前漢書</span>，多非<span class="zhuanming">馬遷</span><span class="shuming">史記</span>也。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>造<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>撰<span class="shuming">雹</span>而非之，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>改題爲<span class="shuming">順正理</span>，二論俱弘，使夫來者覈直祛蒙，辯精麤而取捨也<a class="zhuhao" href="#3614" id="3609">〔五〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">天親菩薩</span>造<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">衆賢論師</span>造<span class="shuming">俱舍雹</span>以摧之，如雨雹摧苗也，往攻<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>。<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>皆避之。乃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00594','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P594</span></i>寄呈所造論，<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>覽之，並順己義，因改爲<span class="shuming">順正理論</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覈】下革切，實也。【祛蒙】祛，除也。蒙，覆也。【精麤】上純粹也，下踈大也，物不精也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3605" id="3610">〔一〕</a>抉：挑剔，揭發。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3606" id="3611">〔二〕</a>按：「白圭之玷」出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">抑</span>：「白圭之玷，尚可磨也；斯言之玷，不可爲也。」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">先進篇</span><span class="zhuanming">何晏</span>集解<span class="zhuanming">孔安國</span>注引上詩。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3607" id="3612">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">神農</span>辯百草：<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>卷一九<span class="shuming">脩務訓</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>）嘗百草之滋味，水泉之甘苦，令民知所辟就。當此之時，一日而遇七十毒。」　<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>：遠古時代名醫。<span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>）又使<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>嘗味百草，典醫療疾，今<span class="shuming">經方</span>﹑<span class="shuming">本草</span>之書咸出焉。」<span class="zhuanming">岐伯</span>議鍼石，見<span class="shuming">黄帝内經</span><span class="shuming">素問</span>等篇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3608" id="3613">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">南華</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐玄宗</span><span class="zhuanming">天寶</span>元年（七二四）二月，封<span class="zhuanming">莊子</span>爲「南華真人」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#3609" id="3614">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>：<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span><span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>人，音譯<span class="zhuanming">僧伽跋陀羅</span>。特别精研説一切有部的<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>。<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>作<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>，述毗婆沙之義理，間以經部義理破毗婆沙論師所執。<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>遂潛研十二年，作<span class="shuming">俱舍雹論</span>，凡二萬五千頌，八十萬言。後欲持論逐斥<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>，挫其鋒鋭。時<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>在<span class="zhuanming">磷迦國</span><span class="zhuanming">奢羯羅城</span>，聞<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>當至，即治行裝，前往<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>，並告門人曰：「吾今遠遊，非避此子，顧此國中，無復鑒達。<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>，後進也，詭辯若流，我衰髦矣，莫能持論，欲以一言頽其異執，引至<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>，對諸髦彦，察乎真僞，詳乎得失。」後<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>果往<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>行走，至<span class="zhuanming">秣底補羅國</span>一伽藍，忽覺氣衰，遂裁書謝<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>寂滅，弟子部執，傳其宗學，各擅專門，黨同道，疾異部。愚以寡昧，猥承傳習，覽所制<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨俱舍論</span>，破毗婆沙師大義，輒不量力，沉究彌年，作爲此論，扶正宗學。智小謀大，死其將至。菩薩宣暢微言，抑揚至理，不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00595','1865875',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P595</span></i>毁所執，得存遺文，斯爲幸矣！死何悔哉？」<span class="zhuanming">世親菩薩</span>覽書閲論，沉吟良久，謂門人曰：「<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>論師，聰敏後進，理雖不足，辭乃有餘。我今欲破<span class="zhuanming">衆賢</span>之論，若指諸掌。顧以垂終之託，重其知難之辭，苟緣大義，存其宿志，況乎此論，發明我宗？」遂改論題爲<span class="shuming">順正理論</span>。（以上内容及引文，見<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷四。）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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一、北山録的主要内容
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133776" key="1133776"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 前言 &gt; 一、北山録的主要内容 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133777" key="1133777"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00001','1865854',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000003">一﹑北山録的主要内容</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>，又稱<span class="shuming">北山語録</span>﹑<span class="shuming">參玄語録</span>﹑<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>。因作者<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>所住<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>位於<span class="zhuanming">長平山</span>之陰，故稱「北山」；又因其博綜儒道<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>三教玄旨，故稱「參玄」。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>的成書年代，文獻中並没有明確的記載。<span class="zhuanming">任繼愈</span>先生主編<span class="shuming">佛教大辭典</span>「<span class="shuming">北山録</span>」條，謂「<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">元和</span>元年（八○六）<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>撰」，然不知所據。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>在<span class="shuming">北山録</span><span class="shuming">異學</span>篇中，對於此書的撰著，有專門説明云：</span> </p><p> <span>於予之眇志實學，知之不足，教知其困。兢兢勤勤，慚曠此生。嘗撰<span class="shuming">釋氏年志</span>，編年序事，務成林藪，鄙野一家之言，經郡邑寇亂而亡矣。鄙以學無常師，遂體三教參玄之旨趣，裁而録之。暮年神疲，不盡所志。</span> </p><p> <span>由之可見，<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的編撰成書，當在其晚年無疑。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00002','1865854',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>全書十六篇，每篇圍繞一個主旨，引經據典，展開具體闡述，「頗似<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>諸子」<a class="zhuhao" href="#2" id="1">〔一〕</a>。其所引經典，自然首先是佛教内典，但也有儒道外書——以示其觀點不僅出於佛，而且儒道兩家也有類似的説法。三家殊途同歸，祇是儒道兩家大多不如佛教所論深入和高明而已。這樣，不僅增加了其觀點的普遍性和闡釋的説服力（這也是<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>著述統攝儒道的重要原因），而且在一定程度上反映了<span class="zhuanming">中唐</span>時期部分佛教徒較爲開明的觀念。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#1" id="2">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">陳垣</span><span class="shuming">中國佛教史籍概論</span>卷五。</span> </p><p> <span>十六篇的篇題，依次爲「天地始」﹑「聖人生」﹑「法籍興」﹑「真俗符」﹑「合霸王」﹑「至化」﹑「宗師議」﹑「釋賓問」﹑「喪服問」﹑「譏異説」﹑「綜名理」﹑「報應驗」﹑「論業理」﹑「住持行」﹑「異學」﹑「外信」，均簡明扼要地概括出了各篇的主要内容，由之大略可見每篇的論説主旨。</span> </p><p> <span>十六篇所論，涉及佛教世界觀﹑<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>生平﹑佛教典籍與歷史﹑佛教與儒道的關係以及佛教在傳承過程中頗受僧俗關注的其他衆多問題。<span class="zhuanming">臺灣文史哲出版社</span>影印本之<span class="shuming">北山録跋</span>曰：「綜其主旨有三：一曰參儒道以闡佛學。<span class="zhuanming">李唐</span>之世，佛教甚盛，每詆毁儒道。而<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>以<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教實藉儒道爲前驅而得弘揚，故力斥誹儒道之不當。其言曰：『觀乎古今撰制，多先貶<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>而降<span class="zhuanming">老</span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>，以爲能文者。此啓户納盜，怒敵惎黨之由也。』又言『二教之於我，贊而不害也。吾之於二教，統而有歸也』（<span class="shuming">外信</span>）。其弘法因多參儒道之旨。昔人每以爲<span class="zhuanming">李翱</span>以佛入儒，爲儒佛合流之始，未曉<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>之先有<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，已開儒<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>道合流之先導</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00003','1865854',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i> <span>也。二曰抑禪宗而崇義學。其大旨見於<span class="shuming">真俗符</span>﹑<span class="shuming">譏異説</span>等篇，以禪宗爲『沈空者涉於斷』﹑『斷則無善不棄』，故力貶之。三曰駮儒者之非佛，大旨見於<span class="shuming">異學</span>﹑<span class="shuming">外信</span>諸篇。窺其論似對<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span>而發。按<span class="zhuanming">憲宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十四年敕迎<span class="zhuanming">鳳翔</span><span class="zhuanming">法門寺</span>佛骨入禁中，<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span>上表諫之，故<span class="zhuanming">元</span><span class="zhuanming">釋念常</span>撰<span class="shuming">歷代佛祖通載</span>，次<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>撰<span class="shuming">北山録</span>於<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十五年也<a class="zhuhao" href="#8" id="3">〔一〕</a>。」雖不能説是對其内容準确﹑全面的概括<a class="zhuhao" href="#9" id="4">〔二〕</a>，但確實指出了此書内容上突出的特點。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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附録四　歷代文獻徵引北山録文舉要
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133780" key="1133780"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録四　歷代文獻徵引北山録文舉要 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133781" key="1133781"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00840','1865898',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P840</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000051"><b>附録四　歷代文獻徵引北山録文舉要</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">按：<span class="shuming">北山録</span>問世後，代有徵引，著名者如<span class="shuming">埤雅</span>﹑<span class="shuming">事物紀原</span>﹑<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>等書。但所引多爲片言隻語，没有太大的參考價值。這裏節録几條徵引文字較長，且與底本有異者，以資參考。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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二、著者神清略説
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133784" key="1133784"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 前言 &gt; 二、著者神清略説 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133785" key="1133785"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00003','1865855',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000004">二﹑著者神清略説</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>的著者<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈庾</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#10" id="5">〔三〕</a>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">章</span>，<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">昌明縣</span>（今屬<span class="zhuanming">四川</span><span class="zhuanming">江油</span>）人。其家庭有較爲濃厚的佛教氛圍，兄弟三人俱出家，<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>獨爲穎拔。年十三，受學於<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">辯智法師</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#11" id="6">〔四〕</a>。當時敕令嚴峻，出家者限念經千紙，方許落髮。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>即誦<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">維摩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛頂</span>等經。年十七，即講<span class="shuming">法華經</span>。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>的卒年，<span class="zhuanming">宋代</span><span class="zhuanming">贊寧</span>著<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>記載爲<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>（八○六—八二○）年中，示寂於<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>。到了<span class="zhuanming">元代</span>，<span class="zhuanming">覺岸</span>著</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00004','1865855',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i> <span><span class="shuming">釋氏稽古略</span>卷三明確説「<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>九年<span class="zhuanming">清</span>入寂」，不知所據<a class="zhuhao" href="#12" id="7">〔五〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>在此書的注中，則認爲<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>卒年在<span class="zhuanming">建中</span>（七八○—七八三）末。<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注中的這種説法，不見他處。對此，<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>在<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>中已有辯駁。<span class="zhuanming">元代</span><span class="zhuanming">念常</span>著<span class="shuming">佛祖歷代通載</span>謂「是年（引者按：指<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十五年，公元八二○年）有沙門<span class="zhuanming">北山和尚</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，著述<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">釋氏年誌</span>三十卷﹑<span class="shuming">律疏要訣</span>并<span class="shuming">俱舍訣</span>等共百餘卷﹑<span class="shuming">語録</span>十卷。内外該括，可爲世範。受業於<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span>，終于<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">惠義寺</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span><span class="shuming">序</span>亦謂「<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>在<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>時，其道甚顯，爲當世公卿所尊禮，從其學者至千人」，其卒當在<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>末年，<span class="shuming">北山録</span>成書之後不久。</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#" id="8">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">北山録跋</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">臺灣文史哲出版社</span>影印本，一九七四年。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#" id="9">〔二〕</a>如儒者排佛，非自<span class="zhuanming">韩愈</span>始。故駁儒者之非佛，很難説一定針對<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span>；<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>撰著<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的時間，亦難确定。<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十五年，或爲最終成書的時間。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#5" id="10">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">元</span><span class="zhuanming">念常</span><span class="shuming">佛祖歷代通載</span>卷一五謂「字<span class="zhuanming">靈叟</span>」，不知所據。恐爲形近所致訛誤。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#6" id="11">〔四〕</a>此爲<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>的説法。據<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注，「<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>和尚即其師也」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#7" id="12">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span><span class="shuming">隋唐佛教史稿</span>附録一<span class="shuming">隋唐佛教大事年表</span>從此説。「<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>九年」下記曰：「<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>卒。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>早學於<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">智辯法師</span>（引者按：當爲「辯智法師」之誤），後又從<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span><span class="zhuanming">如律師</span>受具戒，講導著述略無閑日，撰有<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">釋氏年志</span>﹑<span class="shuming">新律疏要訣</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法源記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">北山録</span>等九部百餘卷。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>一生「學無常師」（<span class="shuming">異學</span>），勤奮好學。在<span class="shuming">異學</span>篇中，他説：</span> </p><p><span>凡人之不學，其猶牆面。人而博學，不出户而知天下。始吾聞之，心存之，躬嘗之。於所不學，實若蔽目；於所遠知，誠不由足。故有生之域，貴乎有學；既學矣，貴乎知；既知矣，則慕大覺之曠照，成徧知之有日。故日就月將，猶患失之。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>慷慨，<span class="zhuanming">仲舒</span>下幃，恨光陰之不再也。</span> </p><p> <span>正是這種「日就月將」﹑「恨光陰之不再」的求學精神，成就了他三教俱曉的廣博學識，開闊通達的寬廣胸懷。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>在著述中，不僅對佛教經典廣徵博引，對儒道兩家外書，也能信手拈來，如<span class="shuming">真俗符</span>：</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00005','1865855',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P5</span></i><p><span>昔<span class="zhuanming">魯桓</span>之廟，有欹器焉，示人以中正之表。夫中則正，正則虚。滿合度，超然特植。始在于目，而畢應乎心，淵而諒矣。<span class="shuming">書</span>曰：「剛而無虐，簡而無慠。」子温而厲，威而不猛。皆聖人君子，權衡物理，心融事會，而不失其中也。</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">魯桓</span>之廟，有欹器」，見於<span class="shuming">荀子</span>；「<span class="shuming">書</span>曰」見於<span class="shuming">尚書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>；「子温而厲，威而不猛」，見於<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>。短短幾句話，徵引了三部儒家經典，其著述「廣引儒道兩家之言，解釋佛教旨要」<a class="zhuhao" href="#14" id="13">〔一〕</a>的特點，可見一斑。而且，<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>對這些典籍中包含的中庸之義，顯然是持肯定態度的。當然，他肯定的最終目的，是爲了説明其佛教徒「學空學有者，宜得其中」（<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注）的主張。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#13" id="14">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">任繼愈</span>主編<span class="shuming">佛教大辭典</span>「<span class="shuming">北山録</span>」條。<span class="zhuanming">江蘇古籍出版社</span>，二○○三年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>在思想上，並不完全拘泥於一端。雖爲佛家弟子，但對儒道兩家的思想，表現出理解的同情。這和很多僧人相較，顯得頗爲開通﹑理性，如<span class="shuming">異學</span>云：</span> </p><p><span>彼二教仁智所行，亦人天之報也。但報在人天，為道之門階，何必捨而鄙之也？聖人不私己，豈以己不欲而施天下乎？</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>之所以在一定程度上肯定儒道二教，認爲對儒道不必「捨而鄙之」，是因爲他認爲儒道<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>並非水火不容。儒道两家，是领悟佛教思想的門階，所以，<span class="shuming">異學</span>中云：</span> </p><p><span>夫欲絢美玄黄，先潔其素；欲涉道德，先履仁義。故大聖遺法二千年，而<span class="zhuanming">中華</span>之人以先有<span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span></span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00006','1865855',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P6</span></i> <span>虚無仁智而後識精真之教，迴向崇奉者，門門如日教之矣。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>對儒道兩家的寬容態度，也和他對於佛教傳播的認識有關，<span class="shuming">外信</span>云：</span> </p><p><span>夫適裸國者，解裳乃合。且今人是此方之人，儒道是此國之教。其俗縱知不加於我，亦姑各阿比其門。鱗張角捍，安得不美而從之，婉而優之，綏而遷之？使悦而後服，豈在庸言酬酢耶？</span> </p><p> <span>佛教作爲外來宗教，要想在「此國之教」的儒道之外立足，甚至取而代之，首先需要「美而從之，婉而優之，綏而遷之」，「使悦而後服」。可見其傳教的認識和手段，和一般祇顧激烈批評競争對手的人比起來，也要高明很多。這種對佛教境況的認識，既體現了他的博學多識，也表現了他注重從實際出發的特點。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>著述，儘可能地注重歷史事實。佛教内部派别之間的不同觀點，他也是儘可能擇善而從，並不完全拘泥於門派之見。<span class="shuming">北山録</span>後來引起禪宗弟子很大的不滿，一方面是因爲對禪宗譜系提出了不同看法，另一方面則是因爲對禪宗弟子的某些做法提出了批評。而這兩個方面，都和他注重從實際出發的特點有關。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>的文章本身，也頗值得關注。<span class="shuming">北山録</span>中的各篇，不僅在思想上體現了以佛教統攝儒道的特點，在寫作方面也充分體現了融合南北文風的實績，在<span class="zhuanming">唐代</span>古文領域，不可忽視。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>著述宏富。前後撰著有<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">釋氏年誌</span>三十卷﹑<span class="shuming">律疏要訣</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">北山録</span>十卷等，凡百餘卷，但大多没有保存下來。唯一保存至今者，是<span class="shuming">北山録</span>。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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明陶宗儀纂説郛卷三引文四條
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133788" key="1133788"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録四　歷代文獻徵引北山録文舉要 &gt; 明陶宗儀纂説郛卷三引文四條 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133789" key="1133789"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00840','1865899',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P840</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000052">明陶宗儀纂説郛卷三引文四條</p><p> <span>1﹑<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">徐世勣</span>討<span class="zhuanming">河北</span>，饋餉不給，王師且羸，貸糧於市西僧寺，常住不可。有<span class="zhuanming">慧休</span>者聞而告其徒曰：若此舉無功，則國之虞矣。國虞而寺存，未之能也。遂發廪賑食。<span class="zhuanming">神堯</span>初，欲罷<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教，唯<span class="zhuanming">河北</span>不被詔，以曾貸糧故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">（按：見卷三<span class="shuming">至化</span>篇。）</span> </p><p> <span>2﹑<span class="zhuanming">後趙</span>尚書<span class="zhuanming">張離</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張良</span>各起大塔。<span class="zhuanming">佛圖澄</span>謂之曰：事佛在於清浄無欲，慈矜爲心。檀越宣奉大法，貪恡未已，畋獵無度，積聚無窮，方受見世之罪，何福報之可求？<span class="zhuanming">耶離</span>等後並被誅。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">（按：見卷五<span class="shuming">釋賓問</span>篇。）</span> </p><p> <span>3﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋文帝</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">求那跋摩</span>曰：弟子常欲齊戒不殺，迫以身徇於物，不獲從志。<span class="zhuanming">跋摩</span>曰：刑不失命，役無勞力，則使風雨順時，寒暖應節，百穀滋繁，桑麻菀茂。如此<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00841','1865899',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P841</span></i>持齊，齊亦大矣。如此不殺，德亦衆矣。寧在缺半日之餐，全一禽之命，然後方爲持齊耶？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">（按：見卷五<span class="shuming">釋賓問</span>篇。）</span> </p><p> <span>4﹑<span class="shuming">符子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>之師名<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>。又<span class="zhuanming">符子</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">符郎</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">元達</span>，<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>從弟，著書數篇，號<span class="shuming">符子</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">（按：見卷二<span class="shuming">聖人生</span>篇。）</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">北京</span><span class="zhuanming">中國書店</span>一九八六年影印<span class="zhuanming">涵芬樓</span>本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
三、北山録的流傳、整理情況
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133792" key="1133792"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 前言 &gt; 三、北山録的流傳、整理情況 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133793" key="1133793"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00007','1865856',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P7</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000005">三﹑北山録的流傳﹑整理情況</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>「博綜三教，最爲南北鴻儒名僧高士之所披翫」。<span class="zhuanming">元代</span><span class="zhuanming">念常</span>撰<span class="shuming">佛祖歷代通載</span>，亦謂其「内外該括，可爲世範」。<span class="zhuanming">宋代</span>時期，頗受重視。當時就有<span class="zhuanming">釋慧寶</span>和<span class="zhuanming">釋德珪</span>分别爲其作注。通過<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>注我們還知道，其注釋時所見，有所謂「古本」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本」等不同的本子，<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序還提到所謂「<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>本」，足以可見其在當時的廣泛影響。<span class="shuming">新唐書</span><span class="shuming">藝文志</span>﹑<span class="shuming">宋史</span><span class="shuming">藝文志</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋代</span><span class="zhuanming">鄭樵</span><span class="shuming">通志</span><span class="shuming">藝文略</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋代</span><span class="zhuanming">尤袤</span><span class="shuming">遂初堂書目</span>等官私書目，都有著録；<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元</span><span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">清</span>各代著述，亦時有徵引。這些也都具體地反映了它的廣泛流播。</span> </p><p> <span>但是，此書「因合參儒道之旨，故不爲<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子所喜」，尤爲重要的是，此書中的部分内容，對中﹑晚<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>之後漸成<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛教流傳最廣的宗派之一的禪宗，頗有微詞，因此不僅不爲禪宗教徒所喜歡，還受到了他們的嚴厲批評<a class="zhuhao" href="#21" id="15">〔一〕</a>。故而此書「未經入藏，傳本甚少」<a class="zhuhao" href="#22" id="16">〔二〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span>「<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>初年，發現兩殘本：一存一至三﹑七至十卷，爲<span class="zhuanming">嘉興</span><span class="zhuanming">項氏</span><span class="zhuanming">天籟閣</span>舊藏，<span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">草玄</span><span class="zhuanming">亭</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注，前有<span class="zhuanming">錢塘</span><span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序，後有殿中丞致仕<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>後序，皆<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年撰；一存一至六卷，爲<span class="zhuanming">華亭</span><span class="zhuanming">朱氏</span><span class="zhuanming">文石山房</span>舊藏，附<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，<span class="zhuanming">儀封縣</span><span class="zhuanming">平城村</span>比丘<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>撰。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#23" id="17">〔三〕</a>「<span class="zhuanming">嘉興</span><span class="zhuanming">項氏</span><span class="zhuanming">天籟閣</span>舊藏，單魚尾，版心記刻工，</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00008','1865856',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P8</span></i> <span>當爲<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>二序所云<span class="zhuanming">釋惟賢</span>據<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>本刊雕者。卷十末有『<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">萬曆</span>丙子仲秋望日重裝，<span class="zhuanming">墨林</span><span class="zhuanming">項元汴</span>持誦』墨書二行，鈐有『檇李』﹑『子京所藏』﹑『墨林秘玩』﹑『項墨林秘笈之印』﹑『天籟閣』﹑『檇李項氏世家寶玩』諸印記。」<span class="zhuanming">華亭</span><span class="zhuanming">朱氏</span><span class="zhuanming">文石山房</span>舊藏，「行款與前帙同，惟版匡略短，版心作雙魚尾異耳。……當亦<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">江</span><span class="zhuanming">浙</span>地區重刊<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>本者。所附<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，與<span class="shuming">録</span>非同版刻，且不避<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>諱，爲<span class="zhuanming">廣福大師</span><span class="zhuanming">全吉祥</span>捐貲刊雕者。……則刊板於<span class="zhuanming">元代</span>者，雖同時雕镌者尚有<span class="shuming">北山録</span>及鈔科文等，唯不傳，僅存<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，遂取附<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>刻<span class="shuming">北山録</span>之後爾」<a class="zhuhao" href="#24" id="18">〔四〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">陳垣</span>先生<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>十年與同人醵貲合兩本影印行世，以廣其傳。其在<span class="shuming">中國佛教史籍概論</span>中關於<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的介紹，簡潔﹑清楚，不僅是現代學者最早的對於<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的研究成果，而且通過他的介紹，擴大了<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的影響，使幾近亡佚的<span class="shuming">北山録</span>在學界尤其佛教典籍﹑思想研究領域又有了較大的影響。</span> </p><p> <span>二十世紀二十年代，<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>修<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>據影<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>本録入<span class="shuming">北山録</span>，列載<span class="shuming">護法部</span>。隨着<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>的廣泛影響，<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的影響也進一步擴大。學術界在相關問題的研究中，對此書時有稱引。進入二十一世紀後，出現了探討此書中的文學思想及其影響的專門文章<a class="zhuhao" href="#25" id="19">〔五〕</a>，表明學術界對此書的研究，已在走向深入。但<span class="shuming">大</span></span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00009','1865856',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P9</span></i> <span><span class="shuming">正藏</span>所收<span class="shuming">北山録</span>，不僅删除了<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，而且在翻印的過程中，還出現了不少新的文字錯訛問題。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>的句讀，本身較爲簡易，也多有當斷不斷或不當斷而斷的情況<a class="zhuhao" href="#26" id="20">〔六〕</a>。</span> </p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#15" id="21">〔一〕</a>詳參本書附録三。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#16" id="22">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">陳垣</span><span class="shuming">中國佛教史籍概論</span>卷五。</span></p><p><span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#17" id="23">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">陳垣</span><span class="shuming">中國佛教史籍概論</span>卷五。</span></p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#18" id="24">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">北山録跋</span>，參本書附録一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#19" id="25">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">汪春泓</span><span class="shuming">在佛門與文場之間——神清北山録研究</span>，<span class="shuming">北京大學學報</span>，二○○二年第六期。<span class="zhuanming">杜正乾</span><span class="shuming">唐釋神清北山録芻議</span>（<span class="shuming">魯東大學學報</span>二○○六年第二期）從文獻學的角度，勾稽相關傳世文獻，在前人研究的基礎上，對<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>的行事﹑<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的版本流傳及其影響做了介紹。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 jiaozhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#20" id="26">〔六〕</a>詳參拙文<span class="shuming">大正新修大藏經册五二所收北山録訛誤補正</span>，<span class="shuming">普門學報</span>第五九期，二○一○年。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">臺灣文史哲出版社</span>在一九七四年據<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>年間影印本影印出版此書，並在書後跋語中，就此書的流傳﹑<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元</span>刻本的特點以及撰著者<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>﹑注釋者<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>的生平，做了簡要介紹，指出了<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本中的部分訛誤。這爲學術界的進一步研究，提供了便利。但此書爲影印本，没有句讀，而且<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>附在正文之後，還是不便於學術界的研究利用，有必要做進一步的整理。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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四、注解隨函的價值及其整理
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133796" key="1133796"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 前言 &gt; 四、注解隨函的價值及其整理 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133797" key="1133797"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00009','1865857',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P9</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000006">四﹑注解隨函的價值及其整理</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">宋代</span>出現了兩部關於<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的注釋本，也是目前爲止僅有的兩部注釋本：一爲<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注，夾注在正文當中；一爲<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>注，即<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>。顧名思義，應是附在書後。雖然都是<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人的注本，但兩者的命運，大相徑庭。<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注與<span class="shuming">北山録</span>密不可分，<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>卻没有得到人們應有的重視——<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本<span class="shuming">北山録</span>中，没有收録<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>部分。其在學界的影響，自然也大打折扣。這裏有必要對其重要價值做專門的説明。</span> </p><p> <span>首先，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>有助於<span class="shuming">北山録</span>和<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注文字的理解和校正。如<span class="shuming">真俗符</span>篇，<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注有「皆󲳴󲳴之前治之</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00010','1865857',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P10</span></i> <span>君也」句，闕文在一頁首行之末尾，底本漫漶不清，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本亦作闕文，今據<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>引文可知，闕文當爲「三皇」兩字。<span class="shuming">北山録</span>没有它本可資校勘，但據<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>，就解决了這一問題。因爲<span class="shuming">隨函</span>所據版本，和我們所見並不相同，類似之處，在文中還有不少。</span> </p><p> <span>其次，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>糾正了<span class="shuming">北山録</span>原文中的部分訛誤。如<span class="shuming">譏異説</span>篇中云：</span> </p><p><span>昔<span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之間，西來三藏多以禪法教授。邕邕肅肅，默而習之，不以耀世。如<span class="zhuanming">竺道猷</span>定力深遠，高巖誦經，群虎前聽，一虎獨眠，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>以如意扣其頭使聽。</span> </p><p> <span>今按<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷七<span class="shuming">道猷傳</span>不載此事。卷一一<span class="shuming">竺曇猷傳</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">竺曇猷</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">法猷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燉煌</span>人。少苦行，習禪定。……後移<span class="zhuanming">始豐</span><span class="zhuanming">赤城山</span>石室坐禪。有猛虎數十，蹲在<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>前，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>誦經如故。一虎獨睡，<span class="zhuanming">猷</span>以如意扣虎頭，問：『何不聽經？』俄而群虎皆去。」<span class="shuming">北山録</span>中，顯然混淆了<span class="zhuanming">道猷</span>和<span class="zhuanming">曇猷</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>注曰：「<span class="zhuanming">竺道猷</span>，<span class="zhuanming">曇猷</span>，造<span class="zhuanming">天台</span><span class="zhuanming">赤城</span>乃此人也，『竺道』悮。」這就指出和糾正了原文中的問題。</span> </p><p> <span>再次，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>糾正了部分<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注的訛誤。此類情況，在在皆是。前文所談其關於<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>卒年的辯正，就是典型例證。它如<span class="shuming">至化</span>篇中有云：「權貴之門，罕有不以甕盎窮奇爲有道者。」<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注曰：「盎，盆屬。貴門以一類庸僧，見其如盆質朴，殊不知内藴窮奇狡詐之行，便以爲有道之者也。」<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>則曰：「窮奇，四凶之一。崇飾惡言，服讒蒐慝之人，古謂之窮奇，今謂之有道。<span class="zhuanming">三苗</span>逆命，因<span class="zhuanming">夔龍</span>輔政而來。雖愚僧奸回，豈不清衆而可敬哉？<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>沉湎，天宗無紊，雖僧有窮奇之詐，佛理豈僭？注差。」今按，<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">西山經</span>云：「又西二百六十里曰<span class="zhuanming">邽山</span>，其上有獸焉。其状如牛，蝟毛，名曰窮奇，音如獋狗，是食人。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注：「或云似虎，蝟毛，有翼，銘曰：窮奇之獸，厥形甚醜。馳逐妖邪，莫不奔走。是以一名，號曰神<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00011','1865857',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P11</span></i>狗。」又<span class="shuming">海内北經</span>云：「窮奇狀如虎，有翼。食人從首始。」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十八年</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">少皞氏</span>有不才子，毁信廢忠，崇飾惡言，靖譖庸回，服讒蒐慝，以誣盛德，天下之民謂之<span class="zhuanming">窮奇</span>。」且<span class="shuming">北山録</span>此句之後，説：「尚其心腑混沌，鄙容陋行，始親之，次譽之。彼愚得幸於豪貴，而昧於刑憲，姦回是庸，無愚惡而不爲也。」<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>的注釋，顯然更爲準確。</span> </p><p> <span>作爲<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>人的注解，<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>不僅保存了部分重要的文獻，糾正了<span class="shuming">北山録</span>原文及<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注中的疏失，而且就注釋本身來看，<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注和<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>各有側重，亦不可偏廢。<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注偏重義理的闡釋，<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>則偏重於字詞的音義。兩者互爲補充，相得益彰。對於<span class="shuming">北山録</span>的讀者而言，都是重要的參考。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="shuming">注解随函</span>中的訛誤，我們在整理中，部分做了校訂，還有部分没有做專門辯駁，但在我們的相關注釋中，實際上表明了我們的觀點和取捨。</span> </p><p> <span>校注此書的最初動機，是想通過這種方式精讀一部書，給自己打下較爲堅實的問學基礎。校注雖然花費了很多時間和精力，數易其稿，但因爲學識有限，書中的錯謬失誤之處，定當不少，敬請大雅君子不吝指教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">富世平</span>　二○一二年六月十二日</span> </p></div></div></div>
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校注凡例
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133800" key="1133800"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 校注凡例 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133801" key="1133801"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00012','1865858',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P12</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000007"><b>校注凡例</b></p><p> <span>一﹑本書以<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>十年合<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">元</span>兩本之影印本爲底本。</span> </p><p> <span>二﹑本書底本每卷卷尾均有標題「北山録卷第一」﹑「北山録卷第二」等；底本在第一卷題名「梓州慧義寺沙門神清撰　西蜀草玄亭沙門慧寶注」之後，還分别羅列了十六篇篇名；所附<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>兩卷，分别題爲「北山録注解隨函卷上」﹑「北山録注解隨函卷下」，其後均題「儀封縣平城村浄住子比丘德珪撰」；卷上尾題「北山録注解音釋上卷終」﹑卷下尾題「北山録注解隨函下卷終」；後有「宣授講主心印廣福大師全吉祥謹施長財陸續重印北山録一部十卷釋音一卷注解隨函二卷科󲳴󲳴卷鈔文一十二卷善利端爲祝延皇帝萬歲太子千秋天下太平風調雨順五穀豐登萬民樂業」題記。上述文字一併删除。</span> </p><p> <span>三﹑<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>原爲獨立的上下兩卷，附在書後。爲方便計，今將其移入正文相應位置，並在前面標明「<span class="shuming">隨函</span>」，以和<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注相别；有<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注者，<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注在前，<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>在後。<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>中所引正文及<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注（即<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>所注對象）原亦爲大字，注釋文字爲小字，今皆改爲小字；爲了區别，<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>中的大字以【】括示。</span> </p><p> <span>四﹑<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>注解音釋字词的次序，和其在正文中出現的次序基本一致，但個别次序也有與正文中出現的次序不一致者，在整理中做了相應調整。</span> </p><p> <span>五﹑由於<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>所據底本，和本書底本不同，故其所引個别文字，與今本有别；<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>指出之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00013','1865858',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P13</span></i>部分正文文字錯訛，今本或已不復存在。但因仍依稀可見其所據版本之面貌，故在整理中，均一仍其舊，不作改動。</span> </p><p> <span>六﹑底本中的明顯訛誤，直接作相應改正，於校注中，予以説明。底本中其他疑爲訛誤者，一如底本，不徑改，但在注釋中予以説明。</span> </p><p> <span>七﹑<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷五二收<span class="shuming">北山録</span>，所據底本亦爲<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>年間所發現之<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">元</span>本（即本書底本），但在翻印中亦有訛誤出现。此次整理，亦擇要指出。</span> </p><p> <span>八﹑<span class="shuming">北山録</span>及<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注﹑<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>原文底本中常見的異體字﹑俗别字，改爲通行繁體字。</span> </p><p> <span>九﹑本書注釋以<span class="shuming">北山録</span>及<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注爲主，<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>的校注從簡，以免繁瑣。</span> </p><p> <span>十﹑底本中明顯的脱漏，作相應校補並用（）括示。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
序
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133809" key="1133809"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 序 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133810" key="1133810"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00001','1865859',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000008"><b>北山録序</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">錢唐沈遼<a class="zhuhao" href="#31" id="27">〔一〕</a></span> </p><p> <span>始余欲聞内典，訪諸<span class="zhuanming">南屏</span><span class="zhuanming">梵臻法師</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#32" id="28">〔二〕</a>，於是受斯録焉。<span class="zhuanming">南屏</span>云：「往聞老師言<span class="zhuanming">丁祕監</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">謂</span>。</span> <span>酷愛其書<a class="zhuhao" href="#33" id="29">〔三〕</a>，一見如不及。至手傳其本，老師之言，可信不疑者。<span class="zhuanming">丁公</span>所述作，多所自出也。」善乎，一乘以爲宗，百家以爲支<a class="zhuhao" href="#34" id="30">〔四〕</a>。尋其支如涉江河，隨地得宜。不得其源，猶足以爲多聞，況遂達其源乎？然其書出未久，而世罕傳，能傳者莫不有名於時，而其傳者皆祕玩之以爲資，不肯廣也。</span> </p><p> <span>余聞<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>在<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>時，其道甚顯，爲當世公卿所尊禮，從其學者至千人。而性喜述作，其出入諸經者，或删焉，或益焉，凡百餘卷。而斯録獨發其所緼，尤稱贍博。使世之學者，盡得其書而達其源，何患不爲神清乎？</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>其名也，生<span class="zhuanming">大安山</span>下，後居<span class="zhuanming">長平山</span>陰，故謂之<span class="shuming">北山録</span>。<span class="zhuanming">惟賢大師</span>先得<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>本，將傳諸好事者，請余叙其大方而刻之，因述<span class="zhuanming">南屏法師</span>之言以爲首云。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年五月十二日序</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00002','1865859',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#27" id="31">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>（一○三二—一○八五）：字<span class="zhuanming">睿達</span>，<span class="zhuanming">錢塘</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">浙江</span><span class="zhuanming">杭州</span>）人。<span class="shuming">宋史</span>卷三三一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#28" id="32">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">梵臻</span>：號<span class="zhuanming">南屏</span>，原名<span class="zhuanming">有臻</span>，<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span><span class="zhuanming">錢塘</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">浙江</span><span class="zhuanming">杭州</span>）人，<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗僧人。<span class="shuming">佛祖統紀</span>卷一二有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#29" id="33">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">丁祕監</span>：<span class="zhuanming">丁謂</span>（九六六—一○三七），字<span class="zhuanming">謂之</span>，後更字<span class="zhuanming">公言</span>，<span class="zhuanming">長洲</span>（今<span class="zhuanming">江蘇</span><span class="zhuanming">吴縣</span>）人。<span class="zhuanming">明道</span>（一○三二—一○三三）中，以祕書監致仕。<span class="shuming">宋史</span>卷二八三有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#30" id="34">〔四〕</a>一乘：即佛法。「乘」取車乘之義，謂運載衆生由生死此岸往涅槃彼岸。<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗等有一乘真實，三乘方便之説。認爲佛法是運載一切衆生悉皆成佛的唯一真理，聲聞乘與緣覺乘的教法祇是一種權巧方便。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">方便品</span>：「諸佛以方便力，於一佛乘分别説三。……十方佛土中，唯有一乘法，無二亦無三，除佛方便説，但以假名字，引導於衆生。」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
卷第一
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133816" key="1133816"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第一 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133817" key="1133817"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00003','1865860',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000009"><b>北山録卷第一</b></p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>撰</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">草玄亭</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注</span> </p></div></div></div>
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天地始第一
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133819" key="1133819"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第一 &gt; 天地始第一 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133820" key="1133820"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00003','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000010">天地始第一<span class="font12 zhu">明儒﹑<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>序天地開闢﹑物象始興之事。</span></p><p> <span>艾儒爲儒，奮于休聲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">艾，長也。老而有道，時人所重，曰艾。所謂刻意尚行，離世異端，有上古之風，此乃山谷之士，非常人所好者也。奮，擊也；休，美也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【艾儒】上艾，老也，長也；下儒者，柔也，優順義。<span class="shuming">家語</span>有<span class="shuming">儒行</span>篇。【奮】音糞，發也，揚也。【休】美也，善也，慶也。</span> <span>群儒即而慕教焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">群，衆也。即，就也。以艾儒博識休美，群儒就而習學者也。此評世教誨之道，遊居好學者之可慕焉。</span> <span>予小子或，以宇宙權輿，再拜致懷者<a class="zhuhao" href="#44" id="35">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">予小子，謙也。或，疑也。宇宙，天地也。權輿，初始也。言我疑於天地初始開闢之事，再拜而伸及懷抱者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宇宙】天地也。【權輿】造化始也。</span> <span>艾儒曰：「富哉，問之也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">富，盛大也。</span> <span>吾知夫天地溟涬之人也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">溟涬，廣大無際，混然未分之皃也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【溟涬】上銘，下胡頂切，大水皃。</span> <span>旦旦乎。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">旦旦，明曉也。如言三辰昭昭也。</span> <span>居，吾語汝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居，坐也。起而致問，故令復坐而示之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【語】去聲，告也。</span> <span>易有太極，是生兩儀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">鈎命訣</span>云：易有五太：一太<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00004','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i>易，氣象未分也；二太初，元氣萌也；三太始，形之端也；四太素，形變有質也；五太極，形質已具也。從太極而生天地﹑清濁﹑兩儀也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鈎命訣】<span class="zhuanming">後汉</span><span class="zhuanming">翟酺</span>作<span class="shuming">鈎命</span>及<span class="shuming">訣</span>，<span class="shuming">孝經緯</span>篇名。</span> <span>厥初未兆，馮馮翼翼，澒澒洞洞，清濁一理，混沌無象<a class="zhuhao" href="#45" id="36">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">澒，胡孔反，大水皃也。厥，其也。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>云：「天地未形，馮馮翼翼，洞洞灟灟。」皆形象未分之謂也。混沌者，未開通之皃也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【馮】扶冰切。【澒】胡孔切，濛濛，大水皃也。【混沌】清濁未分皃也。</span> <span>殆元氣鴻蒙，萌芽資始<a class="zhuhao" href="#46" id="37">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殆，及也。資，助也。鴻濛，混元之氣也。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>文<a class="zhuhao" href="#47" id="38">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殆】近也。</span> <span>粤若<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#48" id="39">〔五〕</a>，生乎其中，萬八千歲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天地未分，猶如雞子。清濁既兆，是曰兩儀。清氣爲天，濁氣爲地，和氣爲人，是爲三才。然後<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>生乎其中，治萬八千歲矣。</span> <span>天地開闢。天日高一丈，地日厚一丈，<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>日長一丈<a class="zhuhao" href="#49" id="40">〔六〕</a>。頭極東，足極西。左手極南，右手極北。開目爲曙，閉目爲夜。呼爲暑，吸爲寒。吹氣成風雲，吐聲成雷霆<a class="zhuhao" href="#50" id="41">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天地既開，天則日高一丈，地則日厚一丈，<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>四體極大。極，盡也。曙，明也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【雷霆】󲳴󲳴󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#51" id="42">〔八〕</a>，疾爲霆。</span> <span>四時行焉，萬物生焉。八紘九圍之大，其孰與多？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">八紘，四方﹑四角也。九圍，九州；又，八方﹑中央。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【紘】户萌切。【九圍】下圍，限也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「󲳴命式於九圍」<a class="zhuhao" href="#52" id="43">〔九〕</a>，言九州各有圍限也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>五紀之尊，其孰與先也？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>，<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>也。五紀，金﹑木﹑水﹑火﹑土也。<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>，木紀；<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>，火紀；<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>，土紀；<span class="zhuanming">金天</span>，金紀；<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>，水紀。以五行相生，受命百代可知也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【犧】純色曰犧。【顓頊】上專，下許玉切，帝<span class="zhuanming">高陽</span>也。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00005','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P5</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#35" id="44">〔一〕</a>或：通「惑」，疑惑，不解。　權輿：起始，起源。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">秦風</span><span class="shuming">權輿</span>：「今也每食無餘，于嗟乎！不承權輿。」<span class="zhuanming">毛</span>傳：「權輿，始也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#36" id="45">〔二〕</a>馮馮翼翼：渾沌貌。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">天文訓</span>：「天墬未形，馮馮翼翼，洞洞灟灟，故曰大昭。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「馮翼﹑洞灟，無形之貌。」　澒澒洞洞：彌漫没有盡頭。<span class="zhuanming">馮夢龍</span><span class="shuming">醒世恒言</span>卷三八<span class="shuming">李道人獨步雲門</span>：「那山頂中間，却有個大穴，澒澒洞洞的，不知多少深也。有好事的，把大石塊投下，從不曾聽見些聲響，以此人都道是没底的。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#37" id="46">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷一引<span class="shuming">三五曆紀</span>：「未有天地之時，混沌狀如雞子，溟涬始牙，濛鴻滋萌，歲在攝提，元氣肇始。」「清輕者上爲天，濁重者下爲地，沖和氣者爲人。故天地含精，萬物化生。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#38" id="47">〔四〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">在宥</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">雲將</span>東遊，過扶摇之枝而適遭<span class="zhuanming">鴻蒙</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">雲將</span>，雲主將也。<span class="zhuanming">鴻蒙</span>，元氣也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#39" id="48">〔五〕</a>粤若：發語詞。用在句首以引起下文。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#40" id="49">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>卷一引<span class="shuming">三五曆紀</span>：「天地渾沌如雞子，<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>生其中。萬八千歲，天地開闢，陽清爲天，陰濁爲地。<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>在其中，一日九變，神於天，聖於地。天日高一丈，地日厚一丈，<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>日長一丈，如此萬八千歲。天數極高，地數極深，<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>極長。後乃有<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>。數起於一，立於三，成於五，盛於七，處於九，故天去地九萬里。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#41" id="50">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">廣博物志</span>卷九引<span class="shuming">五運歷年紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>之君，龍首蛇身，嘘爲風雨，吹爲雷電，開目爲晝，閉目爲夜。死後骨節爲山林，腸爲江海，血爲<span class="zhuanming">淮瀆</span>，毛髮爲草木。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00006','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P6</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#42" id="51">〔八〕</a>原約三字空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#43" id="52">〔九〕</a>出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">商頌</span><span class="shuming">長發</span>。缺字漫漶不清，據原詩當爲「帝」字。</span> </p><p> <span>「太古之時，燔黍擗豚，污樽抔飲，蕢桴土鼓<a class="zhuhao" href="#61" id="53">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">燔，燒也。中古未有釜甑，擇米擗肉，加於燒石之上而食之。污樽，鑿地爲樽也。抔，音步侯反，手掬之也。蕢，音凷。桴，鼓杖也。以凷土爲鼓杖也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【燔】音煩，炙也。【擗】音擘，分也。<span class="shuming">禮記</span>󲳴捭豚，<span class="shuming">注</span>云「析也」<a class="zhuhao" href="#62" id="54">〔二〕</a>。【豚】音屯，豕子也。【污】音嗚。【抔】蒲侯切，手掬物，從手不從木。【蕢桴土鼓】上苦恠（切），土塊也。桴，音孚，鼓杖也。<span class="shuming">禮運</span>云：土皷，築土爲皷也。<span class="shuming">明堂位</span>云：土皷﹑蕢桴﹑葦籥，<span class="zhuanming">伊耆氏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#63" id="55">〔三〕</a>樂。【釜甑】<span class="shuming">古史考</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#64" id="56">〔四〕</a>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>始造釜甑。」【凷】音塊。</span> <span>冬則居塋窟，夏則居橧巢<a class="zhuhao" href="#65" id="57">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">寒則累土，暑則聚薪，柴居其上也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【塋】謂窟也。地高則穴於地<a class="zhuhao" href="#66" id="58">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">始學篇</span>云：「上古皆塋穴居，有聖人教之巢。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#67" id="59">〔七〕</a>則累土而爲，窟字悮也。【橧】音增。</span> <span>未有火化，食草木之實，鳥獸之肉，飲其血，茹其毛。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">文選</span>：「茹謂啖食也。」</span> <span>未有絲麻，衣以羽皮。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此上古之時也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【衣】去（呼）。</span> <span>後聖有作，然後脩火化之利，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">修，治也。</span> <span>範金合土</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鑄燒器用也。</span> <span>以爲臺榭﹑宫室﹑户牖。以炮以燔，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">加於火上。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【臺榭】有木曰榭，無木曰臺。</span> <span>以烹</span> <span class="font12 zhu">煮之鑊者。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【烹】煮也。</span> <span>以炙，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">貫之火上。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【炙】音隻，炮肉也。</span> <span>以爲醴酪。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蒸釀之也。酪，酢酨也。酢，音醋。酨，音在。有本闕此一句。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醴】甜酒也。一宿熟曰醴。【酪】漿水汁作也，乳酪也。【釀】女亮切，醖酒曰釀。【酢】且故切，酸也。【酨】昨載切，酢漿也。</span> <span>治其絲麻以爲布帛，以養生送死，以事鬼神焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#68" id="60">〔八〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00007','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P7</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#53" id="61">〔一〕</a>擗：劈開。　污樽：掘地爲坑以當酒樽。　抔飲：掬水而飲。　蕢桴：用草和土摶成的鼓槌。蕢：赤莧菜；桴：鼓槌。土鼓：用土築成的鼓。蕢桴﹑土鼓，皆爲古樂器。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">明堂位</span>：「土鼓﹑蕢桴﹑葦籥，<span class="zhuanming">伊耆氏</span>之樂也。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「土鼓謂築土爲鼓。蕢桴，以土塊爲桴。」<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">後漢紀</span><span class="shuming">和帝紀上</span>：「古者民人淳朴，制禮至簡，污樽抔飲，可以盡歡於君親；蕢桴土鼓，可以致敬於鬼神。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#54" id="62">〔二〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">禮運</span>：「夫禮之初，始諸飲食。其燔黍捭豚，汙尊而抔飲，蕢桴而土鼓，猶若可以致其敬於鬼神。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#55" id="63">〔三〕</a>氏：原誤作「比」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#56" id="64">〔四〕</a>考：原誤作「老」。<span class="shuming">古史考</span>，<span class="zhuanming">譙周</span>撰，原書二五卷，後散佚，今有<span class="zhuanming">清</span>人<span class="zhuanming">章宗源</span>輯本一卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#57" id="65">〔五〕</a>塋窟：掘地或累土營建的住處。　橧巢：堆積柴薪築成的巢形住處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#58" id="66">〔六〕</a>按：底本此後有約三字空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#59" id="67">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>卷一一引<span class="shuming">始學篇</span>：「上古皆穴處，有聖人教之巢居，號<span class="zhuanming">大巢氏</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#60" id="68">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">禮運</span>：「昔者先王，未有宫室。冬則居營窟，夏則居橧巢。未有火化，食草木之實，鳥獸之肉。飲其血，茹其毛。未有麻絲，衣其羽皮。後聖有作，然後修火之利。范金，合土，以爲臺榭﹑宫室﹑牖户。以炮以燔，以亨以炙，以爲醴酪。治其麻絲，以爲布帛。以養生送死，以事鬼神上帝。」</span> </p><p> <span>「自太古至于今，年世不可勝紀。<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>之後，凡四十餘萬年，變化財成，爲君爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00008','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P8</span></i>臣，爲人爲民，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">民，劣下之稱也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勝】音升，任也。</span> <span>害益興亡。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">害，損也。</span> <span>前儒誌之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">誌，記也。</span> <span>後儒承之，浩浩紛紛，未可一日而殫論也已矣。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殫，盡也。已上乃艾儒所叙天地開闢之事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【浩】大也。【紛】衆也。【殫】盡也，音丹。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">涪水</span>之濱，<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>野夫，背華離俗，爲日久矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">野夫，謙也。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈庾</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">章</span>，<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">昌明縣</span>人。兄弟三人出家，師次也，獨爲穎拔。<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">法雲和尚</span>即其師也。<span class="zhuanming">建中</span>末，卒于<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">惠義寺</span>。撰<span class="shuming">法花玄箋</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">釋氏年志</span>三十卷﹑<span class="shuming">律疏要决</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">語録</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">二衆初學儀</span>並<span class="shuming">識心澄觀</span>﹑<span class="shuming">俱舍決</span>等論鈔，共百餘卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【涪】音浮，水名，在<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">巴西郡</span>。【濱】水際。【庾】音愈。【法雲和尚】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">辯智法師</span>也。【建中末】<span class="zhuanming">唐德宗</span>有<span class="zhuanming">建中</span>年。<span class="shuming">傳</span>並<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span><span class="shuming">序</span>皆云<span class="zhuanming">憲宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元和</span>年，注甚悮。【梓】音子，<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">梓潼郡</span>。</span> <span>尚志於古而所知不博，率躬由道而至方是礙。爰在始學，簉于鄉塾之末<a class="zhuhao" href="#79" id="69">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">塾，學也。<span class="shuming">禮</span>云：「鄉有塾，黨有庠。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#80" id="70">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【率】循也，將也，用也，行也。【由】從也，行也。【方】正也。【礙】止也。【爰】乃也，於也。【簉】初救切，齊也，副也。【塾】音熟，門側堂也。【鄉黨】萬二千五百家爲鄉，五百家爲黨。【庠】庠禮義也，<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>曰序，庠長幼也。<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>（曰）學，覺未知也，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>曰膠庠也。</span> <span>聆儒風而悦之，曰：「大哉儒言！」暨更業乎<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>，涉其涯始，怖若河漢。斷斷然無斁慊乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#81" id="71">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">暨，及也。更，改也。涯始，畔岸也。<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「驚怖焉，其河漢而無極也<a class="zhuhao" href="#82" id="72">〔四〕</a>。」斁，猒。慊，恨也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聆】耳取聲也。【暨】及也，至也。【斁】音亦，猒也。又音妬，終也。又音妒。【慊】音歉，詰玷切，恨也。</span> <span>若患聞之不早聞也。曰：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00009','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P9</span></i>「何其曰<span class="zhuanming">乾竺</span>聖人？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">乾竺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>也。聖人，佛也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【何其】下音基。【乾竺】上天也，下音竹。本云<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>，斯皆月名，取照臨義。</span> <span>云：前劫既壞，天地已空。空而復成，此劫方始<a class="zhuhao" href="#83" id="73">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">世界成﹑住﹑壞﹑空各二十劫，自人壽十歲，百年增一年，至八萬四千歲，却百年減一年，至十歲，名一劫。如斯成﹑住﹑壞﹑空共八十劫，周而復始也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【前劫】莊嚴劫也。【此劫】賢劫也。</span> <span>是時空有微風，風漸乎烈。居此界之下，寔爲風輪。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">烈，猛也。寔，是也。<span class="shuming">立世阿毗曇論</span>云：世界空二十劫後將成，乃有毗嵐風，鼓之而爲風輪，最居其下，厚九億六萬由旬，廣十二億三千四百五十由旬也<a class="zhuhao" href="#84" id="74">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漸】次也。【烈猛也寔】實也，是也。【立世阿毗曇】一十卷。</span> <span>大雲昇空，降雨如軸<a class="zhuhao" href="#85" id="75">〔七〕</a>，積彼風輪之上，結爲水輪。水輪最上，堅凝爲金，如乳停膜，是爲金輪。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">地下一億六萬，真金所成，上餘八萬，金銀銅鐵等七界雜成。<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>云「水輪轉堅，如乳凝冷」也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降】去呼，下也。【膜】音莫，乳皮也。【地下一億六萬】此<span class="shuming">立世論</span>文。</span> <span>三輪既成<a class="zhuhao" href="#86" id="76">〔八〕</a>，雨自空飛霔金輪上，既廣且厚。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雨渧如車軸，晝夜不息，猶如河瀉，無數千年，水厚二億四萬由旬，廣十二億三千四百五十由旬，周廻三十六億一萬三百五十由旬。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【霔】霖霔。【雨滴如車軸】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>文。【水厚二億四萬】悮云四億八萬。</span> <span>風擊此水，清濁異質，爲梵世，爲空居，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有風名攝持，吹令世界成。又有風名旋圓，起，成東西二州。復有風名琵琶，起，成南州。復有風名四方四角，起，成北州。初成梵世，由宿因緣，<span class="zhuanming">梵王</span>住處如一四天下大。是時<span class="zhuanming">梵王</span>生此，梵子亦生也。<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天猶如夢覺，俄思往事。爾時諸天結群遍滿案行，咸作是言。昔日此處有<span class="zhuanming">須彌<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00010','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P10</span></i>山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善見城</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">惡口園</span>等，如是皆憶也<a class="zhuhao" href="#87" id="77">〔九〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【有風名攝持】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>文。</span> <span>爲寶石，爲山海，爲土地，爲宫室，品物惟錯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若風成山，次第而上。山則有頂，若風起或正或傍，山相或平或聳，大地﹑山川﹑平凹﹑巖洞﹑穿穴，皆由風勢不同也。品，類也。錯，雜也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【品物惟錯】<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：品物流形，錯雜也。水災既除，土復本性。大水減時遂成萬物也。【而上】論云次第正上。【巖】峰也。【洞】山有穴也。</span> <span>區域肇成<a class="zhuhao" href="#88" id="78">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【區域】上去娱切，域也；下雨逼切，居也，邦也。【肇】始也，正也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#69" id="79">〔一〕</a>簉：聚集。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#70" id="80">〔二〕</a>見<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">學記</span>：「古之教者，家有塾，黨有庠，術有序，國有學。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#71" id="81">〔三〕</a>斷斷：專誠守一貌。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">秦誓</span>：「如有一介臣，斷斷猗，無他伎。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏引<span class="zhuanming">王肅</span>曰：「斷斷，守善之貌。無他技能，徒守善而已。」<span class="zhuanming">蔡沈</span><span class="shuming">書經集傳</span>卷六：「斷斷，誠一之貌。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#72" id="82">〔四〕</a>見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「吾驚怖其言，猶河漢而無極也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#73" id="83">〔五〕</a>劫：「劫波」（或「劫簸」等）的略稱，意譯「長時」。古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>傳説世界經歷若干萬年毁滅一次，再重新開始，這樣的一個周期叫做一「劫」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#74" id="84">〔六〕</a>毗嵐：迅猛的狂風。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷七○：「吠嵐婆，力含反，案舊經論中或作毗藍婆，或言旋藍婆，又作鞞嵐婆，或作隨藍婆，皆梵之<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>耳，此云迅猛風。」　由旬：又作「俞旬」﹑「由延」﹑「踰繕那」等，古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>計算里程的單位。原指牡牛掛軛行走一日的里程。具體距離，有多種説法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#75" id="85">〔七〕</a>軸：車軸。降雨如軸，謂雨水如轉動之車軸，言雨水無窮。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00011','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P11</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#76" id="86">〔八〕</a>三輪：佛教認爲小千世界分爲上﹑中﹑下三部分，即風輪﹑水輪﹑金輪。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#77" id="87">〔九〕</a>梵世：色界諸天。　四天下：一個太陽和一個月亮所照臨的四大部洲，即<span class="zhuanming">東勝神洲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南贍部洲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">西牛貨洲</span>和<span class="zhuanming">北俱盧洲</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天：佛教把世界分成<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>。<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>即指人間。「從<span class="zhuanming">阿鼻獄</span>至<span class="zhuanming">他化天</span>，男女參居，多諸染欲，故曰<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>。」（<span class="shuming">華嚴經内章門等雜孔目</span>卷二）<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天，是指<span class="zhuanming">四天王天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>（<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>）﹑<span class="zhuanming">夜摩天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">兜率天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">樂變化天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">他化自在天</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>：古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>神話中的名山，佛教認爲是諸山之王，小世界的中心。　<span class="zhuanming">善見城</span>：位於<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>山頂中央，爲<span class="zhuanming">帝釋天</span>的住所。<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">三十三天</span>主，中央大城，名<span class="zhuanming">善見城</span>，一稱<span class="zhuanming">喜見城</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">惡口園</span>：<span class="shuming">佛説立世阿毗曇論</span>卷三<span class="shuming">惡口園品</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">善見</span>大城南門閫外二十由旬，諸<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>有園名曰<span class="zhuanming">惡口</span>。」「是時<span class="zhuanming">忉利</span>諸天欲入此園，作是鬭諍，覺觀思惟：我等今者往彼攻擊，鬭戰脩羅，復有彼此互相嫉妬，貪著五欲，諍其前後，因是事故，説諸惡言，是故此地名<span class="zhuanming">惡口園</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#78" id="88">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">佛説立世阿毗曇論</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">大三災火災品</span>：「次風輪上，空中雨水，渧如樓大。或如車軸，或如車輗。晝夜不息，猶如河瀉，無數千年，是水界聚。周圍有風，名曰攝持。日夜恒起，令水不散，如是水界，增上未息，此水數數起長，乃至應至已至，應滿已滿，皆悉究竟，起成世界。宿業所感，風力所成，復有餘風旋圓而起，成<span class="zhuanming">西瞿耶尼</span>及<span class="zhuanming">東弗婆提</span>。復有餘風四方四角，成<span class="zhuanming">北鬱單越</span>。復有餘風如半琵琶，成<span class="zhuanming">南剡浮提</span>。若風成山，次第正上，山則有頂。若風起時，或正或傍。所成山相，或平或聳。復有風起，一邊急疾，餘邊則遲，所成山相，一邊則凹，餘邊平直。若風起時，相擊深入，還復更出，所成山勢，有岩有洞。若風相擊深入下底，不復更出，山裏則空。由此風故，起成諸四天下地。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00012','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P12</span></i><p> <span>上界諸天<a class="zhuhao" href="#98" id="89">〔一〕</a>，死者下生。體有飛光，足若御雲，不飲不食，年期無數。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有天捨報，於中受生。復有天人壽終，生四天下，受人道生。是時諸人喜樂爲食，依喜樂住，意生化身<a class="zhuhao" href="#99" id="90">〔二〕</a>，自然光明，安樂而住，飛空中行。是時日月未出於世，星宿未有，晝夜不分，未辨年歲，無男女父母姓字等事。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【御】秉也，進也。【有天捨報】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>文也。【自然】宜云自然。</span> <span>洎乎地味如飴﹑地皮孔甘﹑林藤流芳﹑香稻發滋，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">是時大海乍增乍減，開川源路，水所減處，有地肥出，大甘美味，生長覆地，色香觸味，可愛具足，如細蜂蜜。復有地皮，人皆食之。地皮盡已，次食林藤。林藤盡已，有自然粳稻，香味充滿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洎】及也。【飴】與之切，餳也。【孔】甚也。【藤】從登切。【是時大海】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>文。</span> <span>食此四者，災乎其身，其體堅重，其光隱没。日月星辰，從兹見矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時有一人，嗅此地肥香味，起欲著心，指捻大味，嗅而嘗之。知其甘美，餘人相效，良由地味，身稍堅重，不能飛行，身光失没。既失光已，世界黑暗遂生，日月乃出，星辰遂著。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【時有一人】<span class="shuming">立世論</span>文。【嗅】是臭﹑齅字，並許救切，以鼻取氣也。【捻】乃恊切，指也。</span> <span>蠲穢導氣，人道成焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蠲，除也，明也。有大小不浄之事。導氣，有男女欲染之事也。</span> <span>忿恡既萌，愛欲是興，有父子焉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">忿，嗔也。恡，慳貪也。由有愛恡遂起貪，爲人所侵則嗔，由此顔容醜陋，福德鮮少，神通則失矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忿】敷粉切，怒也。【恡】良刃切，悔也。</span> <span>有君臣焉。畫野分邦<a class="zhuhao" href="#100" id="91">〔三〕</a>，列國興焉。我疆我里，貨殖阜焉。閑邪討罪<a class="zhuhao" href="#101" id="92">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">刑辟立焉。閑，防也。辟，法也。此皆建國之本也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【畫】音獲，分也。【里】<span class="shuming">周禮</span>云：五家爲鄰，五鄰爲里。二十五家也。【殖】音寔，多<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00013','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P13</span></i>也，生也。【阜】音婦，厚也。【討】治也，誅也。【刑辟】法也。辟刑五刑，謂墨﹑劓﹑刖﹑宫﹑辟也。</span> <span>自此<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">則南州之地<a class="zhuhao" href="#102" id="93">〔五〕</a>，因閻浮樹以立名也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【閻浮提】閻浮，或云瞻部，乃樹名；或名提，番爲州。【南州】宜州字。<span class="shuming">爾雅</span>云：水中所居曰州。</span> <span>至于百億<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>，自此四天下至于百億四天下，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">東弗毗提</span>利養勝故，<span class="zhuanming">西牛貨州</span>用牛貨易也，<span class="zhuanming">北鬱<a class="zhuhao" href="#103" id="94">〔六〕</a>丹越</span>心直善故，此四州天下也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弗毗提】或云<span class="zhuanming">弗婆提</span>也。【西牛貨】梵云<span class="zhuanming">瞿伽尼</span>，此言取與。以彼用牛市易故，云<span class="zhuanming">牛貨</span>。【鬱單越】此云高上，謂高上於餘方也。</span> <span>距<span class="zhuanming">大鐵圍山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#104" id="95">〔七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">距，至也。以鐵圍山遶之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【距】音巨。</span> <span>皆同此時成，爲一<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>之寰宇也<a class="zhuhao" href="#105" id="96">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此大千世界<a class="zhuhao" href="#106" id="97">〔九〕</a>，同爲一佛王化之境也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寰】音還，王畿内縣也。【王化】上于放切，盛也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#89" id="98">〔一〕</a>諸天：衆天人。佛教稱天界中的生類爲「天」，即六道中的天道。<span class="shuming">觀無量壽佛經</span>卷上：「其樓閣中有無量諸天，作天伎樂。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#90" id="99">〔二〕</a>意生化身：即意生身，又作意成身﹑意成色身﹑摩化身﹑摩奴末耶身等，初地以上菩薩爲濟度衆生，依意所化生之身。<span class="shuming">勝鬘寶窟</span>卷中（之末）：「言意生身者，是初地已上一切菩薩，彼人受生，無礙自在，如心如意，名意受生。意有三義：一遍到，二速疾，三無礙，故云意生身。」<span class="shuming">楞伽阿跋多羅寶經</span>卷三<span class="shuming">一切佛語心品</span>之三：「佛告<span class="zhuanming">大慧</span>：有三種意生身。云何爲三？所謂三昧樂正受意生身﹑覺法自性性意生身﹑種類俱生無行作意生身。修行者了知初地上增進相，得三種身。<span class="zhuanming">大慧</span>，云何三昧樂正受意生身？謂第三第四第五地三昧樂正受故。種種自心寂静，安住心海。起浪識相不生，知自心<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00014','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P14</span></i>現境界性非性，是名三昧樂正受意生身。<span class="zhuanming">大慧</span>，云何覺法自性性意生身？謂第八地觀察覺了如幻等法悉無所有，身心轉變，得如幻三昧及餘三昧門無量相力自在明。如妙華莊嚴，迅疾如意，猶如幻夢水月鏡像，非造非所造如造所造，一切色種種支分具足莊嚴，隨入一切佛刹大衆，通達自性法故，是名覺法自性性意生身。<span class="zhuanming">大慧</span>，云何種類俱生無行作意生身？所謂覺一切佛法緣自得樂相，是名種類俱生無行作意生身。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#91" id="100">〔三〕</a>畫野：指分疆而治。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#92" id="101">〔四〕</a>閑邪：防止邪惡。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「閑邪存其誠。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#93" id="102">〔五〕</a>南：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「有」。　<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>：亦稱<span class="zhuanming">南贍部洲</span>等，爲佛經中的四大部洲之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#94" id="103">〔六〕</a>鬱：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「爵」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#95" id="104">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大鐵圍山</span>：圍繞一世界的鐵山，有大小之分。圍繞大千世界者，爲<span class="zhuanming">大鐵圍山</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#96" id="105">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>：佛的尊稱。<span class="shuming">觀無量壽佛經疏妙宗鈔</span>卷一：「佛是極聖，故稱爲大。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#97" id="106">〔九〕</a>大千世界：又稱「三千大千世界」。以<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>爲中心，以<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>爲外廓，同一日月所照的四天下爲一「小世界」，一千小世界爲「小千世界」，一千「小千世界」爲一「中千世界」，一千「中千世界」爲一「大千世界」。「大千世界」因爲有小中大三種「千世界」，故稱「三千大千世界」。<span class="shuming">佛説長阿含經</span>卷一八：「佛告諸比丘：如一日月周行四天下，光明所照，如是千世界。千世界中有千日月，千<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>王，四千天下四千大天下，四千海水四千大海，四千龍四千大龍，四千金翅鳥四千大金翅鳥，四千惡道四千大惡道，四千王四千大王，七千大樹，八千大泥犁，十千大山，千閻羅王，千四天王，千忉利<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00015','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P15</span></i>天，千焰摩天，千兜率天，千化自在天，千他化自在天，千梵天，是爲小千世界。如一小千世界，爾所小千千世界，是爲中千世界。如一中千世界，爾所中千千世界，是爲三千大千世界。如是世界周匝成敗，衆生所居，名一佛刹。」</span> </p><p> <span>至若人壽漸減，減至于十，減而復增，增至八萬。初二萬歲，有<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>；次四萬歲，有<span class="zhuanming">銅輪王</span>；次六萬歲，有<span class="zhuanming">銀輪王</span>；後八萬歲，有<span class="zhuanming">金輪王</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#112" id="107">〔一〕</a>。如此統一<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>至于二三四天下也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>統一天下，<span class="zhuanming">銅</span>二天下，<span class="zhuanming">銀</span>三天下，<span class="zhuanming">金</span>統四天下也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【統】他綜切。</span> <span>今賢劫第九減也<a class="zhuhao" href="#113" id="108">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">賢劫千佛出，今當第九減劫也。</span> <span>餘十一劫可知也。於一減末，三十饑饉﹑二十疾疫﹑十歲刀兵作矣，是爲小三災矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#114" id="109">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">減至三十歲，有飢饉災七年七月七日，由漫風起，吹其方所，令時節失度，穀米不成也。至二十歲，有疾疫災，由惡鬼神損害於人七月七日也。至十歲時有刀兵災，于相殺害，唯有刀杖以自莊嚴，七日七夜而止。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【饑】穀不熟曰饑。【饉】無菜曰饉。【疾疫】疾，病患也。</span> <span>劫既壞矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">世界欲壞，諸天變身似犀，晝夜三宣告令，令脩無覺定，最爲妙樂，於壽終之後生勝光天。後七日輪起於空，時大地須彌，皆發火焰，俱時洞燃，以其熱故，吸下水輪，水如蘇油，一切皆盡。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諸天】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本下美字，悮。</span> <span>火災洞乎九天，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">九天</span>，<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天並<span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>三天也<a class="zhuhao" href="#115" id="110">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洞】穴也。</span> <span>旋嵐蕩乎<span class="zhuanming">三禪</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#116" id="111">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">旋嵐，風名。蕩，盡也。風災至<span class="zhuanming">遍浄天</span>也。</span> <span>水則湯湯然於焉其閒矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">湯，音傷，水流皃。水災至二禪，故云其閒。七度火災，一度水災。七度水災，一度風災。</span> <span>萬化既盡，自壞之空，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">壞<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00016','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P16</span></i>二十劫，十九劫壞有情，一劫壞無情也。自此空二十劫。</span> <span>空之既成，復爲後劫始也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">空已復，二十劫成；成已復，二十劫住。</span> <span>經曰：「成﹑住﹑壞﹑空，各二十劫，爲一大劫焉。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">正法念處</span>等經所明。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#107" id="112">〔一〕</a>輪王：即轉輪王，又稱「轉輪聖王」。佛經中的人間聖主，身具三十二相，即位時，由天感得輪寶，轉其輪寶而降伏四方，故稱輪王。又分爲<span class="zhuanming">金輪王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">銀輪王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">銅輪王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪王</span>四種。<span class="zhuanming">道宣</span><span class="shuming">釋迦方志</span>卷上：「凡人極位，名曰輪王。……又輪王有四王，約統四洲。<span class="zhuanming">金輪王</span>者，則通四有；<span class="zhuanming">銀輪</span>三方，除北一洲；<span class="zhuanming">銅輪</span>二方，除西北方；<span class="zhuanming">鐵輪</span>在南，除於三方。言<span class="zhuanming">贍部</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">中梵天</span>音，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言譯爲輪王居處。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#108" id="113">〔二〕</a>賢劫：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦佛</span>等千佛出世的現在劫。與過去莊嚴劫﹑未來星宿劫並稱爲三大劫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#109" id="114">〔三〕</a>小三災：饑饉災﹑瘟疫災﹑刀兵災。佛教認爲當每一小劫的人壽減至三十歲時，即有饑饉災：七年不雨，草木不生，人類多因饑餓而死亡；人壽減至二十歲時，即有瘟疫災：人類又病死一半；人壽減至十歲時，即有刀兵災：這時一草一木，皆成殺人之兇器，人類互相嗔恨﹑互相殺害，直至所存無幾纔止。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#110" id="115">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">初禪</span>三天：指<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>中的<span class="zhuanming">初禪天</span>，包括<span class="zhuanming">梵衆天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梵輔天</span>和<span class="zhuanming">大梵天</span>。因爲此天衆生已遠離<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>惡法，生起喜﹑樂之感受，故此天又稱爲「離生喜樂地」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#111" id="116">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">三禪</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">三禪天</span>。<span class="zhuanming">三禪天</span>分爲<span class="zhuanming">少浄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無量浄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">遍浄</span>三重。<span class="zhuanming">三禪諸天</span>已離喜樂之情，唯受自地之妙樂，故稱爲「浄」。<span class="zhuanming">少浄天</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">三禪天</span>中受自地之樂最少者；<span class="zhuanming">無量浄天</span>所受之樂逐漸增多，其浄難以衡量；<span class="zhuanming">遍浄天</span>所受之樂遍滿。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00017','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P17</span></i><p> <span>夫崇篤莫大乎天地，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">崇，高也。篤，厚也。</span> <span>久遠莫過乎今古。偉哉<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>！知天地始，知天地終。知天之高，知地之厚。知三辰之昭昭，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三辰，日月星也。昭，明也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三辰昭昭】<span class="shuming">桓二年傳</span>云：「三辰旌旗。」昭，明也。</span> <span>知時年及劫。知古之往，知今之來。强視莫如夫天眼，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聲聞見一千世界，緣覺見二千世界，菩薩見三千世界，佛見大千世界<a class="zhuhao" href="#124" id="117">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span>强聽莫如夫天耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#125" id="118">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所聞如天眼數。</span> <span>强念莫如夫宿命<a class="zhuhao" href="#126" id="119">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">宿住通，憶過去無量劫事。</span> <span>有此洞鑒而不盡天下者，無之矣。故覆燾之所不及<a class="zhuhao" href="#127" id="120">〔四〕</a>，日月之所不照，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="zhuanming">有頂</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無閒</span>等也<a class="zhuhao" href="#128" id="121">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洞】達也。【覆燾】上覆蓋也，下燾覆也。</span> <span>霜露之所不墜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">四時不遷也。</span> <span>舟車之所不載，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自然所獲，如諸佛之界等。</span> <span>尚達之於心目，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">目則了之，心則達之。</span> <span>而況一區之蝸角乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔<span class="zhuanming">魏瑩</span>與<span class="zhuanming">田侯謀</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#129" id="122">〔六〕</a>約，<span class="zhuanming">田侯</span>背之。<span class="zhuanming">魏瑩</span>怒，將伐之，<span class="zhuanming">惠子</span>聞之而見<span class="zhuanming">戴人</span>。<span class="zhuanming">戴人</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>賢人也。曰：「有所謂蝸角者，君知乎？」「然。」「有國於蝸角之左者曰<span class="zhuanming">觸氏</span>，有國於蝸角之右者曰<span class="zhuanming">蠻氏</span>，時與相争地而戰，伏尸數萬。逐北，旬有五日而復返。」君曰：「噫，其言虚。」曰：「臣請爲君實之。在四方上下有窮乎？」曰：「無窮。」曰：「知遊於無窮而返於通達之國，謂往來也，如一芥之在<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>，如一毛之附馬體，何用争之也？」<a class="zhuhao" href="#130" id="123">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【區】受一斗六升。蝸，音瓜，外器也。蝸，小螺也。【戴人】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云<span class="zhuanming">戴晉人</span>。【北】音背。奔也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#117" id="124">〔一〕</a>天眼：佛教謂<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>諸天人之眼。能見六道衆生生死苦樂之相以及世間一切形色，没有障礙。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五：「於眼，得<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>四大造清浄色，是名天眼。天眼所見，自地及下地六道中衆生諸物，若近若遠，若麁若細，諸色無不能照。」　聲聞：音譯「舍羅婆迦」，指聽聞<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>聲教而證悟的出家弟<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00018','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P18</span></i>子。　緣覺：音譯「辟支佛」等，又作「獨覺」等，指獨自悟道的修行者。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷八：「佛不在世，亦無佛法，以少因緣，出家得道，名辟支佛。」　菩薩：「菩提薩埵」的略稱，「菩提」意譯「覺悟」，「薩埵」意譯「衆生」或「有情」（一切有生命的衆生），全譯「覺有情」，包括自覺和覺他。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#118" id="125">〔二〕</a>天耳：佛教謂<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>諸天人之耳。此耳能聽到六道衆生一切聲音，故名天耳通。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷五：「云何名天耳通？於耳得<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>四大造清浄色，能聞一切聲﹑天聲﹑人聲﹑三惡道聲。云何得天耳通？修得常憶念種種聲，是名天耳通。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#119" id="126">〔三〕</a>宿命：即「宿命通」，能知自身及六道衆生之百千萬世宿命及所作之事，和神境通（自由無礙，隨心所欲現身之能力）﹑天眼通﹑天耳通﹑他心通（能知六道衆生心中所思之事）﹑漏盡通（斷盡一切三界見思惑，不受三界生死，而得漏盡神通之力）合稱爲六神通。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#120" id="127">〔四〕</a>覆燾：指代天地，亦作「覆幬」，出<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「辟如天地之無不持載，無不覆幬。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#121" id="128">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">有頂</span>：指<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>第四處<span class="zhuanming">色究竟天</span>，因爲在有形世界的最頂部，故稱<span class="zhuanming">有頂</span>。一説指<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>第四處<span class="zhuanming">非想非非想天</span>。因爲位於世界的最頂部，故稱<span class="zhuanming">有頂</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">無閒</span>：<span class="zhuanming">阿鼻地獄</span>的意譯，在地獄的最底層，爲最苦處。<span class="shuming">地藏菩薩本願經</span>卷上：「又五事業感，故稱<span class="zhuanming">無間</span>。何等爲五？一者日夜受罪，以至劫數，無時間絶，故稱<span class="zhuanming">無間</span>。二者一人亦滿，多人亦滿，故稱<span class="zhuanming">無間</span>。三者罪器叉棒，鷹蛇狼犬，碓磨鋸鑿，剉斫鑊湯，鐵網鐵繩，鐵驢鐵馬，生革絡首，熱鐵繞身，饑吞鐵丸，渴飲鐵汁，從年盡劫，數那由他，苦楚相連，更無間斷，故稱<span class="zhuanming">無間</span>。四者不問男子女人﹑<span class="zhuanming">羌</span><span class="zhuanming">胡</span><span class="zhuanming">夷</span><span class="zhuanming">狄</span>﹑老幼貴賤，或龍或神，或天或鬼，罪行業感，悉同受之，故稱<span class="zhuanming">無間</span>。五者若墮此獄，從初入時至百千劫，一日一夜，萬死萬生，求一念間暫<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00019','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P19</span></i>住不得，除非業盡，方得受生，以此連綿，故稱<span class="zhuanming">無間</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#122" id="129">〔六〕</a>謀：當爲「牟」字之誤。<span class="zhuanming">田侯</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">齊威王</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">牟</span>，<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">田恒</span>之後，故曰<span class="zhuanming">田侯</span>。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">則陽</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">魏瑩</span>與<span class="zhuanming">田侯牟</span>約，<span class="zhuanming">田侯牟</span>背之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#123" id="130">〔七〕</a>見<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">則陽</span>，「戴人」作「戴晉人」。<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span><span class="shuming">疏</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">戴晉人</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>之賢者也。姓<span class="zhuanming">戴</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">晉人</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span>哀余生乎此中，爲醯雞乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">醋上小虫也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醯】呼雞切，醋中虫也。</span> <span>爲蟪蛄乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#134" id="131">〔一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一名仙蛄，一名螻蛄，一名石鼠也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蟪蛄】上胡桂切，下古胡切。小虫夭者也。<span class="shuming">（月）令</span>云仲夏之月蟪蛄鳴，乃此也。【螻】力侯切，螻蛄也。</span> <span>夫何能知宇宙之遼廓，年劫之悠永？但諒誠於聖人也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嗟己同於微昧，何知天地之闊遠？但誠信聖人之所説也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遼】遠也。【悠】暇也。【永】長也。【諒】信也。</span> <span>夫積年以爲億，安得億年不爲劫乎？積土以爲邦域，安得邦域不爲世界乎？<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>問<span class="zhuanming">革</span>曰：「上下八方有極乎？」<span class="zhuanming">革</span>曰：「無極之外復無極也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">語在<span class="shuming">莊子</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#135" id="132">〔二〕</a>。意問世界有窮盡乎？答云世界十方，無窮盡也，世界之外更有世界也。與<span class="shuming">列子</span>少異。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【湯問革】<span class="shuming">列子</span>云<span class="zhuanming">革</span>，<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云<span class="zhuanming">殛</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">冉有</span>問<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「未有天地可知乎？」<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：「古猶今也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">冉求</span>意謂問造立之前也，答云天地壞而更成，減而再興也。</span> <span>是知古先哲王洎先儒非不有知者，但默昭而已矣。夫登<span class="zhuanming">蒙山</span>而小<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蒙山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>邑東也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蒙山】在<span class="zhuanming">沂州</span><span class="zhuanming">琅邪郡</span>。</span> <span>登<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>而小天下。況有高於<span class="zhuanming">太山</span>者乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#136" id="133">〔三〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">太山</span>，東岳。登之可以望天下也，知天下之不大也。況更高<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00020','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P20</span></i>者？故四海九州，如毫末之附馬體。</span> <span>誠不虚矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#131" id="134">〔一〕</a>醯雞：醋甕中的蠛蠓（一種小蟲）。因甕有蓋，其生活在其中不見天日，故而識見有限。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">田子方</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>出，以告<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>曰：<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>之於道也，其猶醯雞與？微夫子之發吾覆也，吾不知天地之大全也。」<span class="zhuanming">郭象</span>注：「醯雞者，甕中之蠛蠓。」　蟪蛄：寒蟬。夏生秋死，生命短促，見識短淺。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋，此小年也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#132" id="135">〔二〕</a>按：今本<span class="shuming">莊子</span>無此句，<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>所引，當爲<span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>佚文。詳參<span class="zhuanming">聞一多</span><span class="shuming">莊子内篇校釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">張遠山</span><span class="shuming">澄清「小大之辨」，彰顯莊學四境</span>（<span class="shuming">書屋</span>二○○六年第八期）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#133" id="136">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">孟子</span><span class="shuming">盡心上</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>登<span class="zhuanming">東山</span>而小<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，登<span class="zhuanming">泰山</span>而小天下。」</span> </p><p> <span>古者<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">帝鴻氏</span>也。</span> <span>晝寢，夢遊<span class="zhuanming">華胥氏</span>之國<a class="zhuhao" href="#142" id="137">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有國名<span class="zhuanming">華胥</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">弇州</span>之西，<span class="zhuanming">台<a class="zhuhao" href="#143" id="138">〔二〕</a>州</span>之北。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弇】音奄。【台州】諸本皆云<span class="zhuanming">合州</span>，悮。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>云：正西是<span class="zhuanming">弇</span>，西北是<span class="zhuanming">台州</span>。</span> <span>不知斯齊國幾千萬里，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">斯，離也。齊，中也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【幾】居豈切。幾，何也。</span> <span>蓋非舟車足力之所及。其國無師長，自然而智。無惡死，無夭殤。不知親己，不知疏物，故無愛憎。不知背逆，不知向順，故無利害。都無所愛惜，都無所畏忌。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此皆<span class="zhuanming">華胥國</span>風化之事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【師長】下知丈切，上踈夷切。【夭】於兆切，短折其壽曰夭。【殤】三殤也。【親已】下音己。【疏】音踈，遠也。【背】音佩。</span> <span>洎<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>寢寤，怡然有得。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夢中神遊，及寤，若有所得。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寢寤】眠<a class="zhuhao" href="#144" id="139">〔三〕</a>覺也。【怡】與之切，和悦也。</span> <span>吾考思其國，若<span class="zhuanming">北鬱</span>之天下也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">北俱盧洲</span>也。<span class="shuming">立世阿毗曇</span>云：彼國無師範，自然衣食。定<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00021','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P21</span></i>壽千歲，不嫁他女，亦不娶妻。若有欲心，諦瞻彼女。女若見男視之，隨到别處，曼殊沙樹即便覆蔽，欲事即成。若不覆蔽，知是親屬，即不敢犯。生兒不乳，放四衢道，行人以指内口嗍之，七日成人。無憎無愛，任運而化也。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>考其所夢，似是此<a class="zhuhao" href="#145" id="140">〔四〕</a>北洲也。</span> <span>居九圍之外，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">人間九州。</span> <span>在<span class="zhuanming">瀛海</span>之中，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>北面，大海之中也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瀛】音盈，大海。</span> <span>非<span class="zhuanming">天老</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太山稽</span>所知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三人皆<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>之臣也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天老】歷有<span class="zhuanming">天老</span>，<span class="zhuanming">乞</span>姓，即其人也。【太山稽】<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>師也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">帝鴻氏</span>齊心服形，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【齊心服】心無欲者形自服也。</span> <span>求養身理物之道，故神所遊焉，非北洲則不如所夢也<a class="zhuhao" href="#146" id="141">〔五〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#137" id="142">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">華胥氏</span>之國：寓言故事中的理想國。參下引<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">黄帝</span>文。又<span class="shuming">雲笈七籤</span>卷一三「三洞經教部」引<span class="shuming">玄鏡章</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">華胥國</span>者，非近非遠乎！非人境所知，非車馬所到。此國方廣數萬里，其國無寒熱，無蟲蛇，無惡獸，國内人民盡處臺殿上，通諸天往來。人無少長，衣食自然，不知煙焰勞計之勤，不識耕桑農養之苦。所思甘膳，隨意自生。百味珍羞，盈滿堂殿。甘泉涌溜，注浪横飛。九醖流池，自然充溢。人飲一盞，體生光滑。異竹奇花，永無凋謝。祥禽瑞獸，韻合宫商。一國人民，紘相崇敬。然其國境外有三十里草莽荆榛，四面充合。上有飛棘，羅覆數重；下有蒺梨，密佈其地。欲遊是國，先度此中。不顧凡身，然可得入。少生悔意，終不見達。凡此三十里荆棘者，爲與三尸相持，身受虚羸寂寞，思食無味等味，及三蟲亡後，身識沖和，情理安暢，冥心内境，自達胎仙。既入<span class="zhuanming">華胥</span>，方驗是跡。洞玄靈界，非凡所知。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#138" id="143">〔二〕</a>台：原誤作「合」。參<span class="shuming">隨函</span>和後引<span class="shuming">列子</span>文。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00022','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P22</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#139" id="144">〔三〕</a>眠：原誤作「眼」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#140" id="145">〔四〕</a>此：底本較模糊，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「比」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#141" id="146">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">天老</span>：相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>輔臣。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷五九<span class="shuming">張衡傳</span>：「方將師<span class="zhuanming">天老</span>而友<span class="zhuanming">地典</span>，與之乎高睨而大談。」<span class="zhuanming">李賢</span>注：「<span class="shuming">帝王紀</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>以<span class="zhuanming">風后</span>配上臺，<span class="zhuanming">天老</span>配中臺，五聖配下臺，謂之三公。』」　<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>：傳説中<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>之臣。　<span class="zhuanming">太山稽</span>：亦作<span class="zhuanming">泰山稽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>之臣。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">覽冥訓</span>：「昔者，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>治天下，而<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">泰山稽</span>輔之。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">泰山稽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>師。<span class="zhuanming">孟子</span>曰『王者師』臣也。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">五帝本紀</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>）舉<span class="zhuanming">風后</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">常先</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大鴻</span>以治民。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="zhuanming">班固</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>相也。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>：「四人皆帝臣也。<span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>夢大風吹天下塵垢皆去，又夢人執千鈞之弩，驅羊萬群。帝寐而歎曰：『風爲號令，執政者也；垢去土，后在也。天下豈有姓<span class="zhuanming">風</span>名<span class="zhuanming">后</span>者哉？夫千鈞之弩，異力者也；驅羊數萬群，能牧民爲善者也。天下豈有姓<span class="zhuanming">力</span>名牧者哉？』於是依二占而求之，得<span class="zhuanming">風后</span>於海隅，登以爲相；得<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>於大澤，進以爲將。」　<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">黄帝</span>：「（<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>）晝寢而夢，遊於<span class="zhuanming">華胥氏</span>之國。<span class="zhuanming">華胥氏</span>之國在<span class="zhuanming">弇州</span>之西，<span class="zhuanming">台州</span>之北，不知斯齊國幾千萬里；蓋非舟車足力之所及，神遊而已；其國無師長，自然而已；其民無嗜欲，自然而已。不知樂生，不知惡死，故無夭殤；不知親己，不知疎物，故無愛憎；不知背逆，不知向順，故無利害：都無所愛惜，都無所畏忌。入水不溺，入火不熱。斫撻無傷痛，指擿無痟癢。乘空如履實，寢虚若處床。雲霧不硋其視，雷霆不亂其聽，美惡不滑其心，山谷不躓其步，神行而已。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>既寤，怡然自得，召<span class="zhuanming">天老</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">力牧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">太山稽</span>，告之曰：『朕閒居三月，齋心服形，思有以養身治物之道，弗獲其術。疲而睡，所夢若此。今知至道不可以情求矣。朕知之矣！<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00023','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P23</span></i>朕得之矣！而不能以告若矣。』又二十有八年，天下大治，幾若<span class="zhuanming">華胥氏</span>之國，而帝登假。」</span> </p><p> <span>故吾教小聖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂中﹑小乘人也。</span> <span>前劫後劫各八萬，見聞二千界。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天眼見二千界事，天耳聞二千界聲等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【耳聞】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云耳文者，悮。</span> <span>中聖能知三千，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂菩薩乘也。</span> <span>大覺則既矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既，盡也。無所不知，無所不見。</span> <span>日月星辰，麗乎中虚。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">麗，明也。中虚，空界也。</span> <span>日月無興亡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">常在於天，但運轉四世界，爲<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>隔之，故有晦明也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【興亡】出没也。</span> <span>星辰無虧盈。一晝一夜，照四大洲。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">日月長照二洲。且如南洲日初出，東洲正午，北洲黄昏，西洲半夜也。南洲日午，東洲黄昏，北洲半夜，西<a class="zhuhao" href="#150" id="147">〔一〕</a>洲日出。南洲日入，東洲半夜，西洲日午，北洲天曉也。餘洲倣此也。</span> <span>向南北以分寒暑。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">夏則日近北而月近南，冬則月近北而日近南，春秋平也。</span> <span>風力所持，不停不墮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆爲旋嵐風，空中任持運轉而不墮也，在<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>之半下。</span> <span>上有諸天居焉。其宵旦短長，頗與此方分﹑至﹑啓﹑閉﹑晷﹑漏同也<a class="zhuhao" href="#151" id="148">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此西國<span class="shuming">俱舍</span><span class="shuming">成實</span>等論所明也。分，春﹑秋分也。至，冬﹑夏至。立春名啓，立冬名閉。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【晷漏】上音鬼，日影也，所以畫定其時。漏，滴也。</span> <span>日五十一由旬，月五十由旬，星巨一由旬，微則一俱盧舍。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">由旬，或云踰善那，此云應聖王一日應行之程，或三十里，或四十。俱盧舍，此云一牛吼地，二里也。小乘一由旬十六里也。微，小也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由旬】梵云踰善那，無正番。一日軍行程，或三十里，或四十里。聖教所説，但十六里，至<span class="shuming">綜名理</span>具辯。【俱盧舍】牛聲所及，或二里﹑四里，異説。</span> <span>下面庸乎火珠水珠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">庸，用也。火珠，日也。水珠，月也。</span> <span>而在<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>之年，星隕如雨<a class="zhuhao" href="#152" id="149">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">魯莊</span>七年四月五日如雨<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00024','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P24</span></i>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【四月五日】<span class="zhuanming">杜</span>注云辛卯夜四月三日。</span> <span>在<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>之都，隕石數五，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="zhuanming">魯僖公</span>六年：「正月，隕石于<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>，五。」蓋皆云是星隕也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僖公三年】是十六也。</span> <span>蓋忽焉祥異矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#147" id="150">〔一〕</a>西：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「而」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#148" id="151">〔二〕</a>晷：日晷。一種按照日影測定時刻的儀器。　漏：漏壺。銅制有孔，可以滴水或漏沙，有刻度標誌以計時間。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#149" id="152">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">春秋</span><span class="shuming">莊公七年</span>：「夏四月辛卯夜，恒星不見，夜中星隕如雨。」</span> </p><p> <span>儒説東南海之外，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">淮南子</span>﹑<span class="shuming">稽聖賦</span>等也<a class="zhuhao" href="#159" id="153">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【稽聖賦】<span class="shuming">稽聖賦</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">顔之推</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">李淳風</span>注。</span> <span>大荒之中，<span class="zhuanming">甘泉</span>之間，有<span class="zhuanming">羲和國</span>，有女名<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>，生於十日，常浴日於<span class="zhuanming">甘泉</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#160" id="154">〔二〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>之世，十日並出，命<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>射之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">羿</span>，古射官名。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【羿】音詣。</span> <span>九禽斃于地<a class="zhuhao" href="#161" id="155">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">日中之烏也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【斃】毗祭切，化也，死也。</span> <span>至德之萌，日月若合璧，五星如連珠。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五星，歲也﹑熒惑也﹑太白也﹑辰也﹑鎮也。有至德之君，日月如合璧。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【璧】卑亦切，外圓内方玉也。</span> <span>群星從東而西，日月違天而東。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">群星與天盤右轉，從東而西也。日月逆天盤，從西而東也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">太昊</span>畫八卦，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伏犧氏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【太昊】<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>號也。【畫】計謀也。又，分也。</span> <span>通神明。爲書契，代結繩。<span class="zhuanming">女媧</span>補天立極，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【女媧】音蝸。<span class="shuming">風俗通</span>云：是<span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>之妹。禱神祇，置婚姻，合夫婦也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">共工</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>競爲帝，<span class="zhuanming">共工</span>頭觸<span class="zhuanming">不周之山</span>，天柱折，地維絶。故天傾西北，日月星辰就焉。地不滿東南，百川水潦歸<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00025','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P25</span></i>焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#162" id="156">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">百川皆歸於巽。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【潦】音老，雨水也。【巽】位在東南，辰巳之間也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">揚珠</span>云：「太古之事滅矣，孰誌之哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">誌，記也。其磨滅無所志記也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>之事，若有若亡。<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>之事，若覺若夢。<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>之事，或隱或顯<a class="zhuhao" href="#163" id="157">〔五〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">未必周備。</span> <span>夫如<span class="zhuanming">揚子</span>之辨，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">辨，别也。</span> <span>則吾從何質焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">質，信也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>用説，<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>用度<a class="zhuhao" href="#164" id="158">〔六〕</a>。」言遠則但由言説，邇則修法度。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">事既已往，但可以言説而知，虚實無質。<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>近古，依其法度，或當或否也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【或否】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云或召字，悮也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#153" id="159">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">稽聖賦</span>：<span class="zhuanming">顔之推</span>著。<span class="shuming">直齋書録解題</span>卷一六：「<span class="shuming">稽聖賦</span>三卷，<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>黄門侍郎<span class="zhuanming">琅琊</span><span class="zhuanming">顔之推</span>撰，其孫<span class="zhuanming">師古</span>注。蓋擬<span class="shuming">天問</span>而作。<span class="shuming">中興書目</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">李淳風</span>注。」<span class="zhuanming">王利器</span>認爲有<span class="zhuanming">顔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">李</span>二注本，已佚。今有<span class="zhuanming">王利器</span>輯佚數條，見<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span><span class="shuming">顔氏家訓集解</span>，第七二二—七二三頁。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#154" id="160">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">大荒南經</span>：「東南海之外，<span class="zhuanming">甘水</span>之閒，有<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>之國，有女子名曰<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>，方日浴于<span class="zhuanming">甘淵</span>。<span class="zhuanming">羲和</span>者，爲<span class="zhuanming">帝俊</span>之妻，生十日。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#155" id="161">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">本經訓</span>：「逮至<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>之時，十日竝出，焦禾稼，殺草木，而民無所食。猰貐﹑鑿齒﹑九嬰﹑大風﹑封豨﹑脩蛇皆爲民害。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>乃使<span class="zhuanming">羿</span>誅鑿齒於<span class="zhuanming">疇華之野</span>，殺九嬰於<span class="zhuanming">凶水</span>之上，繳大風於<span class="zhuanming">青丘之澤</span>，上射十日而下殺猰貐，斷脩蛇於<span class="zhuanming">洞庭</span>，禽封豨於<span class="zhuanming">桑林</span>。萬民皆喜，置<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>以爲天子。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#156" id="162">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">天文訓</span>：「昔者<span class="zhuanming">共工</span>與<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>争爲帝，怒而觸<span class="zhuanming">不周之山</span>，天柱折，地維絶，天傾西北，故日月星辰移焉；地不滿東南，故水潦塵埃歸焉。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00026','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P26</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#157" id="163">〔五〕</a>見<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">楊朱</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>曰：『太古之事滅矣，孰誌之哉？<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>之事，若存若亡；<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>之事，若覺若夢；<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>之事，或隱或顯，億不識一；當身之事，或聞或見，萬不識一；目前之事，或存或廢，千不識一。太古至於今日，年數固不可勝紀。但<span class="zhuanming">伏羲</span>已來三十餘萬歲，賢愚﹑好醜﹑成敗﹑是非，無不消滅，但遲速之間耳。矜一時之毁譽，以焦苦其神形，要死後數百年中餘名，豈足潤枯骨？何生之樂哉？』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#158" id="164">〔六〕</a>見<span class="shuming">孔子家語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">五帝德</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">宰我</span>曰：『請問帝<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>用説，<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>用度。汝欲一日遍聞遠古之説，躁哉<span class="zhuanming">予</span>也。』」<span class="zhuanming">王肅</span>注曰：「<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>久遠，故用説也；<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>邇，則有成法度。」</span> </p><p> <span>中國以天下之峻極者，曾莫大於<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>之丘焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>者，按<span class="shuming">山海經</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">河</span>水所出也。」<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="zhuanming">張騫</span>尋而莫見。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崑崙】上音崑，下音崙，<span class="zhuanming">河</span>源所出山也。【張騫】去乾切，通<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>，尋<span class="zhuanming">河</span>源。<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>封<span class="zhuanming">博望侯</span>。</span> <span>上有五方之霞，下有五色之波。非大人靈仙，莫往莫來，故<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>登之南望而旋。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>讌<span class="zhuanming">王母</span>于<span class="zhuanming">瑶池</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">瑶池</span>在<span class="zhuanming">崑山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周穆王</span>與<span class="zhuanming">王母</span>會燕于此。<span class="zhuanming">王母</span>戴玉勝豹尾虎齒，主人間疫癘之鬼也。</span> <span>乃自彼降，巍巍乎窮造化之力矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>之山也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>特以<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>聞其大也。其山出海水八萬由旬，崇袤相均，四寶所成。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">崇，高也。袤，廣也。四寶，東黄金﹑南吠琉璃﹑西白銀﹑北頗胝迦寶。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【須彌】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">須彌盧</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">妙高山</span>。四寶所成曰妙，出過衆山曰高。【袤】音茂，廣茂也。東西曰廣，南北曰袤。【頗胝迦】上音玻。胝者如經云，頗梨者是也。</span> <span>其下四方有層級，彼最上者，有四大天王宫室焉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">下有<span class="zhuanming">堅首</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">持鬘</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">恒憍</span>三天。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【層級】上音曾，重也；下<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00027','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P27</span></i>几立切，階級也，次第也。</span> <span>爲<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>之外蕃，作捍于<span class="zhuanming">修羅</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#170" id="165">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕃】甫煩切，屏也。【捍】音汗，抵也，拒也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">迷盧</span>之頂<a class="zhuhao" href="#171" id="166">〔二〕</a>，方乎八萬，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其上廣八萬由旬。</span> <span>其平如砥，其路如纊，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">砥，磨石也。纊，綿也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【砥】音旨，磨石也。<span class="shuming">墨子</span><span class="shuming">親示篇</span>云：「其直如矢，其平如砥。」【纊】音曠，細綿。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>所都之地。方各八天，朝于中宫，是曰三十三天焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#172" id="167">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>四面各有八天，中有<span class="zhuanming">善法堂</span>，<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>所居。諸天朝之，共有三十三天，皆是<span class="zhuanming">忉利</span>一天所攝。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忉利】此云三十三。<span class="shuming">正法念經</span>具有三十三天各處。</span> <span>海上諸山，多地居天，蓋<span class="zhuanming">四天王</span>之所都邑也<a class="zhuhao" href="#173" id="168">〔四〕</a>，故若<span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#174" id="169">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">居海中，鼇魚負之行也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【方丈】<span class="zhuanming">巨方壺山</span>。【蓬萊】<span class="shuming">史記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瀛洲</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>，仙人及不死藥皆在此，如雲欲到。【鼇】音遨。<span class="shuming">列仙傳</span>云巨鼇，<span class="shuming">玄記</span>中亦説。【負】音婦。背也，荷也。</span> <span>年長皃美，光碧紫翠，以爲房閣。其務仙道者，咸神仙遊集之鄉也，願言羽翼而棲息之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【願言】思我也。</span> <span>其天<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>股肱輔衛，有嚴有翼，統彼諸天。照冒下土，御千輪殿。網以珠綴，焕乎其間，有所顯焉。故群黎罪福﹑死生﹑遐促﹑吉凶﹑期會，其欲不見于珠中，不可得矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罪福之事，事皆見<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>珠網中也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【股肱】上音古，髀也；下古弘切，手臂也。【嚴】威也。【翼】敬也。【冒】覆也。【御】理也，統也。【綴】知衛切，緝也。【群黎】<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">天保</span>云：「群黎百姓，徧爲爾德。」群黎者，衆也。</span> <span>是以上流有罪，天執其罰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故云天命殛之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殛】音棘，誅也。</span> <span>下民之罪，天假其罰。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天生蒸民，樹之司牧。</span> <span>於善者福，亦如之矣。而君子稱禍福顯乎天命，言簡在帝心也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00028','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P28</span></i>【簡】牒也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#165" id="170">〔一〕</a>捍：捍衛，抵禦。　<span class="zhuanming">修羅</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">阿修羅</span>」之略，爲佛經中的魔神，「天龍八部」之一。容貌醜陋，常手擎日月，與<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>戰鬭。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>本<span class="shuming">維摩詰經講經文</span>：「無限<span class="zhuanming">修羅</span>衆，皆擎日月光。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#166" id="171">〔二〕</a>迷：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「迹」。<span class="zhuanming">迷盧</span>：<span class="zhuanming">蘇迷盧</span>之略稱，即<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#167" id="172">〔三〕</a>三十三天：<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>頂中央爲<span class="zhuanming">帝釋天</span>，四方各有八天，共組成三十三天。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#168" id="173">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">四天王</span>：又稱<span class="zhuanming">四大天王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">護世四天王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">護世天</span>。<span class="zhuanming">東方持國天王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">南方增長天王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">西方廣目天王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">北方多聞天王</span>。爲六欲天之「四大王衆天」之天主，居<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>腰四方，率部屬守護佛土﹑護持佛法。<span class="shuming">四天王經</span>載，四天王皆從屬於<span class="zhuanming">帝釋天</span>，每月之六齋日檢視人的善惡行業，並勸勉守戒行善。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#169" id="174">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>：<span class="shuming">山海經</span>記載，海上有三座僊山：<span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>和<span class="zhuanming">瀛洲</span>，山上是仙境，有長生不老藥。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">封禪書</span>：「自<span class="zhuanming">威</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宣</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">燕昭</span>使人入海求<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瀛洲</span>。此三神山者，其傅在<span class="zhuanming">渤海</span>中，去人不遠。患且至，則船風引而去。蓋嘗有至者，諸僊人及不死之藥皆在焉。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">秦始皇本紀</span>：「既已，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人<span class="zhuanming">徐巿</span>等上書，言海中有三神山，名曰<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">方丈</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">瀛洲</span>，僊人居之。」</span> </p><p> <span>又曰吉凶不僭，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">僭，濫也，差也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僭】差也。</span> <span>言乾道正也。故<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>在人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>祖，皆播種百穀以勸民。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【神農】古者茹毛食血，<span class="zhuanming">燧人</span>取火，民始炮炙之。至<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>方播種，易之以爲黍穀。<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>置金甑，皆養生民者也。【稷】音即，五穀之總名也。<span class="zhuanming">周</span>祖是爲<span class="zhuanming">后稷</span>。</span> <span>代天之養也。<span class="zhuanming">皋陶</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">堯</span>時治獄官也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【皋陶】上音高，下音遥，<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>之理官也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">甫</span>刑，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周穆王</span>以<span class="zhuanming">齊侯</span><span class="zhuanming">吕伋</span>爲司寇，使定五刑，故<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00029','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P29</span></i>曰<span class="zhuanming">吕</span>刑。<span class="zhuanming">吕侯</span>後爲<span class="zhuanming">甫侯</span>，故曰<span class="zhuanming">甫</span>刑，官也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伋】音急。【司寇】下苦候切，秋官也。</span> <span>代天之刑也。<span class="zhuanming">成湯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周發</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">成湯</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">桀</span>，<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>。</span> <span>代天之討也。<span class="zhuanming">傅説</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">殷高宗</span>之相。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【傅説】下音悦。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">邵伯</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>太保。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邵伯】寔照切，<span class="zhuanming">邵公奭</span>。</span> <span>代天之治也。其或享用五福，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五福，一曰壽，二曰富，三曰康寧，四曰攸好德，五曰考終壽也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【享】獻也，祭也。</span> <span>威用六極，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一曰凶短折，二曰疾，三曰憂，四曰貧，五曰惡，六曰弱。</span> <span>非聖人莫能見彝倫之象也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彝，常也。倫，理也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【彝】音夷，<span class="shuming">洪範</span>云：「我不知其彝倫攸叙。」</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大梵</span>臣<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>，<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>臣<span class="zhuanming">四天</span>，<span class="zhuanming">四天</span>臣群神洎群后。<span class="shuming">書</span>曰：「敢用玄牡，敢昭告于上天神后<a class="zhuhao" href="#179" id="175">〔一〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【玄牡】純黑牲也。【告】音牿，發下曰告，告上曰告。</span> <span>竊或得非<span class="zhuanming">大梵天</span>歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#180" id="176">〔二〕</a>？否者，天之蒼蒼，無馨無臭，孰爲真宰焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">非<span class="zhuanming">大梵</span>而誰也？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天之蒼蒼】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「天之蒼蒼，其正色耶？」【無臭】尺救切，凡氣之總名也。</span> <span>夫有事于圓丘，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天子祭天於圓丘。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圓丘】於南郊起土作圓壇，冬至之日，祭天神也。</span> <span>類乎昊天上帝，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">類，祭也。</span> <span>饗<span class="zhuanming">靈威仰</span>等，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五方之神，東<span class="zhuanming">靈威仰</span>﹑南<span class="zhuanming">赤熛怒</span>﹑西<span class="zhuanming">白招拒</span>﹑北<span class="zhuanming">叶光紀</span>﹑中方<span class="zhuanming">含樞紐</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【饗】許兩切，歆饗也。【赤熛怒】熛，万遥切，<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本云赤漂怒者，悮。【白招拒】<span class="shuming">天文志</span>云<span class="zhuanming">白招拒</span>也。【叶】胡頰切。【含樞紐】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本下是細字，悮也。</span> <span>禮于日月星辰，斯或<span class="zhuanming">大梵王天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">四天王</span>等之事也。凡五氣五郊五帝昇壇，五神配饗，百神從祀<a class="zhuhao" href="#181" id="177">〔三〕</a>，或<span class="zhuanming">四天王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>焉。但後世行事，率承古典。古者洪荒朴略，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">洪，大也。上古天地大荒，純朴省略而已。</span> <span>各以方壤所據，氣運所成，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所據方域，乘五行<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00030','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P30</span></i>之運氣而王也。</span> <span>裁爲禮經。呼其神祇，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以古事裁爲禮經，呼天地神祇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【裁】音才，製也。</span> <span>奠以牢牲。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【奠】音殿。設尊禮也，薦也，陳也。【牢牲】上音勞，太牢，少牲也。𤙛類曰牲。</span> <span>其名雖異，而事或玄符也。故<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>無壇墠</span> <span class="font12 zhu">築土爲壇，除土爲墠，祭告天地所也<a class="zhuhao" href="#182" id="178">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>而有天祠，與<span class="zhuanming">華夏</span>互爲風也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#175" id="179">〔一〕</a>見<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">湯誥</span>：「敢用玄牡，敢昭告於上天神后，請罪<span class="zhuanming">有夏</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#176" id="180">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大梵天</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>，或稱<span class="zhuanming">梵王</span>。本爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>婆羅門教的創造神，與<span class="zhuanming">濕婆</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗濕奴</span>並稱爲三主神。佛教興起後，<span class="zhuanming">大梵天</span>成爲<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>諸天的第三天。　<span class="zhuanming">帝釋</span>：<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>神話中的天帝<span class="zhuanming">因陀羅</span>。佛教中，是<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>主。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#177" id="181">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>祭祀内容，合計如下：東郊<span class="zhuanming">青帝</span>，配帝<span class="zhuanming">伏羲</span>；南郊<span class="zhuanming">赤帝</span>，配帝<span class="zhuanming">神農氏</span>；中郊<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>，配帝<span class="zhuanming">軒轅</span>；西郊<span class="zhuanming">白帝</span>，配帝<span class="zhuanming">少昊</span>；北郊<span class="zhuanming">黑帝</span>，配帝<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#178" id="182">〔四〕</a>墠：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「揖」。壇墠：祭祀的場所。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">祭法</span>：「天下有王，分地建國，置都立邑，設廟祧壇墠而祭之。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>享鈞天之樂<a class="zhuhao" href="#192" id="183">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">史記</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>疾，不知人。七日而窹，曰：『我之帝所甚樂，與百神遊于鈞天，廣樂九奏萬舞，不類<span class="zhuanming">三代</span>之樂，其聲動心也。』」</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦穆公</span>拜鶉首之賜<a class="zhuhao" href="#193" id="184">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦穆公</span>夢天賜與金册鶉首之地。<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之分野鶉，南方朱鳥之星鶉首。鬼柳爲鶉首，翼軫爲鶉尾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【秦分】<span class="zhuanming">永興五路</span>及<span class="zhuanming">四川</span>也。【鶉首】上音純。巳爲鶉尾，午爲鶉火，未爲鶉首也。</span> <span>蓋神與天交，魂往形居，高卑雖遠，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00031','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P31</span></i>其應孔邇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">天高地卑。孔，甚也。邇，近也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">申生</span>爲被髮之訴<a class="zhuhao" href="#194" id="185">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">狐偃</span>行次見<span class="zhuanming">申生</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#195" id="186">〔四〕</a>，使之御，云：「<span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>對余無禮，余得請於上帝，以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>與<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。」後果如其言也。上帝，天也。皆<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>事也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">劉約</span>有美玉之請<a class="zhuhao" href="#196" id="187">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">劉約</span>，<span class="zhuanming">劉聰</span>之太子。夢入<span class="zhuanming">華胥國</span>，七日而活。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【被髮】文悮。<span class="shuming">甄正論</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>命<span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>以馭車，<span class="zhuanming">劉約</span>從<span class="zhuanming">元海</span>而陪乘。此論幽冥交接，人鬼相酬，<span class="shuming">録</span>本此論，故知被髮悮矣。<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>有<span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>之訴也。【狐偃】<span class="shuming">傳</span>云<span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>。【夢入華胥國】應云夢入<span class="zhuanming">蒙珠離國</span>。</span> <span>蓋天授其靈，示死有知。孰厥下民，克誠克信？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">孰，誰也。厥，其也。克，能也。若無其靈應，下民孰其能信？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【孰】誰也。【克】能也。</span> <span>自此三十三天之上，皆曰空居。非獲神通，不可以往。凡有二十六所，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">炎摩天</span>終<span class="zhuanming">非非想</span>，計二十六天也<a class="zhuhao" href="#197" id="188">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【自炎摩天】此古本也。<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本及<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本皆云<span class="zhuanming">焰無</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">須夜天</span>，譯爲<span class="zhuanming">善財</span>也。</span> <span>層雲重構。年顔倍永，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自五百歲至<span class="zhuanming">非非想</span>八萬劫也<a class="zhuhao" href="#198" id="189">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【構】架也，合也，成也，蓋也。</span> <span>其或微雲，其或微形。統以三界，昭其目也。括以四生，旌其類也<a class="zhuhao" href="#199" id="190">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">統，總也。昭，明也。微細數目雖多，總不出三界，二十八天以攝之也。胎﹑卵﹑濕﹑化四生，以旌表攝盡也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">渾天儀</span>曰：「天如雞子，地如中黄，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">地如鷄子中黄也，地在天之内也。</span> <span>居於天内。天大地小，表裏有水。天地各乘雲而立，水載而浮焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#200" id="191">〔九〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">地在水外，有雲浮之。却有水裹，又有天裹之。天外有水，却以雲浮之也。</span> <span>有好問者曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">設端以徵之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【好問】上去。</span> <span>「彼<span class="zhuanming">盤古</span>判爲厚地之趾，其將安據歟？彼渾天之外，復誰與載歟？而一家之學者，邕邕焉何思何慮</span> <span class="font12 zhu">邕邕，塞滯之皃也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00032','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P32</span></i> <span>而可獲其事也？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【趾】音止，足也。或趾，基也。【據】依憑於何也。【何思何慮】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云「何思何慮而知道」也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#183" id="192">〔一〕</a>鈞天之樂：天上的音樂，仙樂。<span class="shuming">太平廣記</span>卷二九九<span class="shuming">韋安道</span>條引<span class="shuming">異聞録</span>：「行百步許，復有大殿，上陳廣筵重樂，羅列樽俎，九奏萬舞，若鈞天之樂。」　鈞天：天的中央。神話傳説中<span class="zhuanming">天帝</span>住的地方。<span class="shuming">吕氏春秋</span>卷一三<span class="shuming">有始</span>：「中央曰鈞天。」<span class="zhuanming">高誘</span>注：「鈞，平也。爲四方主，故曰<span class="zhuanming">鈞天</span>。」　<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">趙世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">趙簡子</span>疾，五日不知人，大夫皆懼。醫<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>視之，出，<span class="zhuanming">董安于</span>問。<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>曰：『血脈治也，而何怪！在昔<span class="zhuanming">秦繆公</span>嘗如此，七日而寤。寤之日，告<span class="zhuanming">公孫支</span>與<span class="zhuanming">子輿</span>曰：「我之帝所甚樂。吾所以久者，適有學也。帝告我：<span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>將大亂，五世不安；其後將霸，未老而死；霸者之子且令而國男女無别。」<span class="zhuanming">公孫支</span>書而藏之，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>讖於是出矣。<span class="zhuanming">獻公</span>之亂，<span class="zhuanming">文公</span>之霸，而<span class="zhuanming">襄公</span>敗<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>師於<span class="zhuanming">殽</span>而歸縱淫，此子之所聞。今主君之疾與之同，不出三日疾必閒，閒必有言也。』居二日半，<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>寤。語大夫曰：『我之帝所甚樂，與百神遊於鈞天，廣樂九奏萬舞，不類<span class="zhuanming">三代</span>之樂，其聲動人心。有一熊欲來援我，帝命我射之，中熊，熊死。又有一羆來，我又射之，中羆，羆死。帝甚喜，賜我二笥，皆有副。吾見兒在帝側，帝屬我一<span class="zhuanming">翟</span>犬，曰：「及而子之壯也，以賜之。」帝告我：「<span class="zhuanming">晉國</span>且世衰，七世而亡，<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>姓將大敗<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人於<span class="zhuanming">范魁</span>之西，而亦不能有也。今余思<span class="zhuanming">虞舜</span>之勳，適余將以其胄女<span class="zhuanming">孟姚</span>配而七世之孫。」』<span class="zhuanming">董安于</span>受言而書藏之。以<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>言告<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">簡子</span>賜<span class="zhuanming">扁鵲</span>田四萬畝。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#184" id="193">〔二〕</a>鶉首：十二星次之一。與十二辰相配爲未，與二十八宿相配爲井﹑鬼兩宿。分野主<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，屬<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span>。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">天文上</span>：「自東井十六度至柳八度爲鶉首，於辰在未，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之分野，屬<span class="zhuanming">雍州</span>。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00033','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P33</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#185" id="194">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">晉世家</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">晉君</span>改葬<span class="zhuanming">恭太子申生</span>。秋，<span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>之下國，遇<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>，<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>與載而告之曰：『<span class="zhuanming">夷吾</span>無禮，余得請於帝，將以<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>與<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>將祀余。』<span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>對曰：『臣聞神不食非其宗，君其祀毋乃絶乎？君其圖之。』<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>曰：『諾，吾將復請帝。後十日，<span class="zhuanming">新城</span>西偏將有巫者見我焉。』許之，遂不見。及期而往，復見，<span class="zhuanming">申生</span>告之曰：『帝許罰有罪矣，弊於<span class="zhuanming">韓</span>。』兒乃謡曰：『<span class="zhuanming">恭太子</span>更葬矣，後十四年，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>亦不昌，昌乃在兄。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#186" id="195">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">狐偃</span>：當作「<span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">狐偃</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">狐突</span>之子。參前注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#187" id="196">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷三八引<span class="zhuanming">崔鴻</span><span class="shuming">十六國春秋</span><span class="shuming">前趙録</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">東平王</span><span class="zhuanming">劉約</span>癸亥卒，一指猶暖，遂不殯殮，至於甲戌乃蘇。言見<span class="zhuanming">劉淵</span>於<span class="zhuanming">不周山</span>，經五日，遂復從至<span class="zhuanming">昆侖山</span>，三日而復返於<span class="zhuanming">不周</span>，見諸王公卿將死者悉在焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#188" id="197">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">炎摩天</span>：<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天之一。又作「<span class="zhuanming">焰摩天</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">夜摩天</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">須夜摩天</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">焰天</span>」等。　<span class="zhuanming">非非想</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">非想非非想處天</span>」的略語。三界中<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>第四天。此天没有欲望與物質，僅有微妙的思想。<span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷二<span class="shuming">辨位部</span>第一：「<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>中有四天：一名<span class="zhuanming">空處天</span>，二名<span class="zhuanming">識處天</span>，三名<span class="zhuanming">無所有處天</span>，四名<span class="zhuanming">非想非非想處天</span>。」亦省稱「非想天」。　二十六天：二十八天（見後注）中除<span class="zhuanming">四天王天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">忉利天</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#189" id="198">〔七〕</a>自五百歲至非非想八萬劫：<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>第一層四王天，壽五百歲，以人間五十年爲一日。向上一層，增加一倍。如此遞增，至<span class="zhuanming">無色界非想天</span>，則壽八萬劫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#190" id="199">〔八〕</a>三界：<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>（具有食欲﹑淫欲之衆生所居住的世界）﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>（在<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>之上。此界衆生，已离食欲﹑淫欲，但仍然離不開物質欲）和<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>（在<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>之上，此界衆生，已無欲望﹑形體，祇有衆生的共性），包<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00034','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P34</span></i>括了六道生死往來的一切世界。<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一三<span class="zhuanming">郗超</span><span class="shuming">奉法要</span>：「凡在有方之境，總謂三界。」　二十八天：<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>十八天﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>四天。　四生：指一切衆生。佛教分世界衆生爲四類：胎生﹑卵生﹑濕生﹑化生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#191" id="200">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">唐開元占經</span>卷一<span class="shuming">天地名體</span>引<span class="shuming">張衡渾儀注</span>曰：「渾天如雞子，天體圓如彈丸，地如雞子中黄，孤居於内，天大而地小。天表裏有水，天之包地，猶殼之裹黄。天地各乘氣而立，載水而浮。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">河</span>出<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#216" id="201">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">山海經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">河</span>出<span class="zhuanming">崑崙</span>。」在<span class="zhuanming">大羊同國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蕃</span>語謂<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">悶摩梨山</span>，譯爲<span class="zhuanming">紫山</span>，東去<span class="zhuanming">長安</span>五千里。又<span class="shuming">張騫本傳</span>：尋<span class="zhuanming">河</span>至<span class="zhuanming">大夏</span>，見<span class="zhuanming">筇</span>竹杖。知與<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>地相連。唯<span class="zhuanming">杜佑</span><span class="shuming">通典</span>偏明也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【筇】渠容切，<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>都郡名也。</span> <span>浸流<span class="zhuanming">積石山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#217" id="202">〔二〕</a>，爲<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>所導<a class="zhuhao" href="#218" id="203">〔三〕</a>，經于中國，東漸于海，斯<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>之一源也<a class="zhuhao" href="#219" id="204">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今<span class="zhuanming">黄河</span>水即<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>所出也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【漸】進也，入也。【阿耨達】此云<span class="zhuanming">無熱惱</span>，<span class="shuming">扶南傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池山</span>即<span class="zhuanming">崑崙山</span>。</span> <span>其池自<span class="zhuanming">中天</span>之北，過<span class="zhuanming">七黑山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#220" id="205">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【九黑山】九是七字。</span> <span>距<span class="zhuanming">大雪山</span>之陰，<span class="zhuanming">香醉山</span>南<a class="zhuhao" href="#221" id="206">〔六〕</a>，攝乎二山之間，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">距，至也。山北曰陰。攝，迫也。水在二山硤中而流也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【硤】侯夾切，石夾水曰硤。</span> <span>方五十由旬。四寶爲岸，四面各流出一大河，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">東面金象口流出<span class="zhuanming">天信度河</span>，南銀牛口流出<span class="zhuanming">天徙多河</span>，<span class="zhuanming">無熱池</span>流出<span class="zhuanming">西徙縛蒭河</span>，北頗梨師子口流出<a class="zhuhao" href="#222" id="207">〔七〕</a>。各入四方之海也<a class="zhuhao" href="#223" id="208">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span>而東注之<span class="zhuanming">河</span>，自<span class="zhuanming">蔥山</span>分流潛邁也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【邁】行也，遠也。</span> <span>扶桑靈柯昇于大明，此或閻浮樹也<a class="zhuhao" href="#224" id="209">〔九〕</a>。其大者百由旬，其菓可食，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛在時，有羅漢取得之<a class="zhuhao" href="#225" id="210">〔一○〕</a>。自皮展手，一臂方至菓核，分之以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00035','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P35</span></i>賜大衆，其色如爛椹也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【核】果實中也，音翮。<span class="zhuanming">烏懸國</span>得核，莫測其樹。【椹】桑實也。</span> <span>盛乎此洲之南極也。鯤鵬之大，或則摩竭魚﹑迦樓羅之類也<a class="zhuhao" href="#226" id="211">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥篇</span>説有鯤魚化爲鵬，面南而飛，展翼垂天。此或則是經中摩竭魚﹑金翅鳥等。迦樓羅即金翅鳥王也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鯤】昆，北海之魚名。【鵬】步崩切，大鵬也。【迦樓羅】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云揭路叉，此云金翅鳥。迦樓羅，訛也。【翅】音施，羽翅也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">楚王</span>不識於萍實<a class="zhuhao" href="#227" id="212">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>過<span class="zhuanming">江</span>，見一物大如斗，紅如日，觸王舟，皆不識。令聘問<span class="zhuanming">宣尼</span>，云是萍實，可以食之。有德而出也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【如拳】應云如斗。【聘】匹正切，問訪也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">臧氏</span>命祀於爰鶋<a class="zhuhao" href="#228" id="213">〔一三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爰鶋，海鳥。飛而遇風，遂泊<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>東門。<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>爲大夫，不識，令控御而祭之。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>云：「爰鶋也。」其鳥大於驢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泊】傍各切，止也。【爰鶋】海鳥也。下音居。【北門】是<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>東門。</span> <span>向使不遭<span class="zhuanming">孔聖</span>，則謂彼二物恢詭也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">恢，大也。詭，恠也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恢】音魁，大也。【詭】過委切，詐也。</span> <span>故方<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>古今，<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>鄉<span class="zhuanming">越</span>鄉，於關内關外，於其言蓋物同而名不同，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">方者四方，<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>即<span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>在北，<span class="zhuanming">越</span>在南。言語呼名，有所不同也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【關内關外】如<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">方言</span>辯之。</span> <span>矧乎異域，何相韙也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">矧，況也。韙，是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矧】式忍（切），況也。【域】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本是，或悮也。【韙】于鬼切，是也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>之趾，八功德水以爲巨海，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一清﹑二冷﹑三軟﹑四輕﹑五香﹑六不臭﹑七飲不損喉﹑八不損腹。</span> <span>深廣之量與<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>同，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>入水八萬四千，海亦深八萬四千。</span> <span>海環于山。循海外涯有<span class="zhuanming">持雙山</span>，如輪圍海。高厚之數，若<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>之半，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其山如車輪繞<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">七金山</span>，一曰<span class="zhuanming">持雙</span>﹑二曰<span class="zhuanming">持軸</span>﹑三曰<span class="zhuanming">檐木</span>﹑四曰<span class="zhuanming">善見</span>﹑五曰<span class="zhuanming">馬耳</span>﹑六曰<span class="zhuanming">象鼻</span>﹑七曰<span class="zhuanming">魚觜</span>，出水四<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00036','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P36</span></i>萬二千由旬。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【循】松輪切。</span> <span>上與日月齊焉。餘山餘海，間而繞之，既降又狹。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">相次半之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降】去呼，低下也。【狹】音洽，隘也。</span> <span>第七山外，方有鹹海，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂<span class="zhuanming">由乾陀海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">伊沙陀海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">佉羅眡海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">善見海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬耳海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">毗那多海</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">尼民多海</span>。又云：一<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>﹑二<span class="zhuanming">乳海</span>﹑三<span class="zhuanming">酪海</span>﹑四<span class="zhuanming">酥海</span>﹑五<span class="zhuanming">蜜水海</span>﹑六<span class="zhuanming">吉祥海</span>﹑七<span class="zhuanming">酒海</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鹹】音咸。【由乾陀】<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span><span class="shuming">俱舍音義</span>云。此云<span class="zhuanming">持雙</span>，山有二峰。【佉羅眡】<span class="shuming">音義</span>云<span class="zhuanming">具佉持羅柯</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">檐木</span>。【善見】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">修滕沙那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">善見</span>。端嚴見之，稱善故也。【馬耳】<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云<span class="zhuanming">阿輪割那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">馬耳</span>，形如馬耳故也。【毗那多】此云<span class="zhuanming">有障礙</span>。有神象頭，凡見他事，皆爲障礙。山形似彼神頭也。【尼民多】此是魚名，山似彼魚頭故也。已上七種山名，海從彼山得是名。【一鹹海】<span class="shuming">法集名敬經</span>云：云何七海，所謂鹹水海也。</span> <span>而四大洲對<span class="zhuanming">妙高</span>之四面<a class="zhuhao" href="#229" id="214">〔一四〕</a>，各在鹹海之一方矣，是謂一小世界。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一四洲也。</span> <span>千小世界謂之小千，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一千四州﹑一千六欲天﹑一千箇<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>世，名一小千界。</span> <span>千倍小千名一中千，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一千箇小千界﹑一千箇二禪，名中千界。</span> <span>千倍中千爲一大千，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一千箇中千界﹑一千箇三禪，名一大千界也。</span> <span>是知天地無窮，品物流形，孰爲六合之外哉<a class="zhuhao" href="#230" id="215">〔一五〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【六合】<span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：「六合之義，聖人存而勿論矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#201" id="216">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">大荒西經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">西海</span>之南，<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>之濱，<span class="zhuanming">赤水</span>之後，<span class="zhuanming">黑水</span>之前，有大山，名曰<span class="zhuanming">昆侖之邱</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#202" id="217">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">西山經</span>：「又西三百里，曰<span class="zhuanming">積石之山</span>，其下有石門，河水冒以西流。是山也，萬物無不有焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#203" id="218">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">水經注</span>卷一<span class="shuming">河水一</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">河</span>出<span class="zhuanming">昆山</span>，伏流地中萬三千里，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>導而通之，出<span class="zhuanming">積石山</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#204" id="219">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>：相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>四大河流之發源地。意譯「<span class="zhuanming">清涼池</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">無熱惱池</span>」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記序</span>作「<span class="zhuanming">阿<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00037','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P37</span></i>那婆答多池</span>」。<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>卷一八：「雪山中間有寶山，高二十由旬，雪山埵出高百由旬，其山頂上有<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>，縱廣五十由旬，其水清泠，澄浄無穢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#205" id="220">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">七黑山</span>：<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>北方至<span class="zhuanming">喜馬拉雅山脈</span>中<span class="zhuanming">香醉山</span>間的七座黑山。其名稱依<span class="shuming">立世阿毗曇論</span>卷一<span class="shuming">南剡浮提品</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">小黑山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">大黑山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">多犛牛山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">日光山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">銀山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">香水山</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">金邊山</span>。據<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷一一所載，<span class="zhuanming">喜馬拉雅山脈</span>諸山，山頂常戴白雪，故稱<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>；以南之諸山，山頂無覆雪，草木叢茂，其色黑故，稱爲<span class="zhuanming">黑山</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#206" id="221">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">香醉山</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">香積山</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">香山</span>」等，音譯「<span class="zhuanming">乾陀摩訶術</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">犍陀摩羅</span>」，爲<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提洲</span>最北端之山，其南有<span class="zhuanming">大雪山</span>（即<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>），<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>即在此兩山之間。此山中有各種香氣，聞之能令人醉，故稱<span class="zhuanming">香醉</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#207" id="222">〔七〕</a>按：此句句意不全，疑有脱文，當補「<span class="zhuanming">斯陀河</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#208" id="223">〔八〕</a>頗梨：又作「玻璃」﹑「頗胝」等，意譯「水玉」﹑「白珠」﹑「水精」，爲七寶之一。<span class="shuming">長阿含經</span>卷一八<span class="shuming">閻浮提洲品</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>東有<span class="zhuanming">恒伽河</span>，從牛口出，從五百河入於東海；<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>南有<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>，從師子口出，從五百河入於南海；<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>西有<span class="zhuanming">婆叉河</span>，從馬口出，從五百河入於西海；<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>北有<span class="zhuanming">斯陀河</span>，從象口中出，從五百河入于北海。」<span class="zhuanming">恒伽河</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>。<span class="zhuanming">新頭河</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">印度河</span>。<span class="zhuanming">婆叉河</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">奥克薩斯河</span>。<span class="zhuanming">斯陀河</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">查可薩提河</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#209" id="224">〔九〕</a>扶桑：神話傳説中的大樹。<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">海外東經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">湯谷</span>上有扶桑，十日所浴，在<span class="zhuanming">黑齒</span>北。居水中，有大木，九日居下枝，一日居上枝。」<span class="zhuanming">郭璞</span>注曰：「扶桑，木也。」<span class="zhuanming">曾慥</span><span class="shuming">類説</span>卷五引<span class="shuming">洞冥記</span>：「扶桑，地方<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00038','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P38</span></i>萬里，多生林木，葉如桑樹，長者數千丈，兩兩同根偶生，故名扶桑。」　大明：指太阳。<span class="shuming">六韜</span>卷二<span class="shuming">武韜</span><span class="shuming">發啓</span>：「大明發而萬物皆照，大義發而萬物皆利。」　閻浮樹：又作「贍部樹」等，略稱「閻浮」。落葉喬木，原産<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>。<span class="shuming">起世因本經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">立世阿毗曇論</span>卷一<span class="shuming">南剡浮提品</span>等皆有「閻浮大樹王」，此樹枝幹高廣，樹葉厚密，能遮風避雨，果實甘美無比。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#210" id="225">〔一○〕</a>羅漢：「阿羅漢」的略稱。小乘佛教修行中的最高果位。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷三：「云何名阿羅漢？阿羅名賊，漢名破。一切煩惱賊破，是名阿羅漢。復次，阿羅漢一切漏盡故，應得一切世間諸天人供養。復次，阿名不，羅漢名生，後世中更不生，是名阿羅漢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#211" id="226">〔一一〕</a>摩竭魚：又作「摩伽羅魚」，意譯「大體魚」﹑「鯨魚」等。爲佛教經論中常見的大魚。　迦樓羅：金翅大鵬鳥，是護持佛的天龍八部之一。　<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「北冥有魚，其名爲鯤。鯤之大，不知其幾千里也。化而爲鳥，其名爲鵬。鵬之背，不知其幾千里也；怒而飛，其翼若垂天之雲。是鳥也，海運則將徙于南冥。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#212" id="227">〔一二〕</a><span class="shuming">説苑</span><span class="shuming">辨物</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚昭王</span>渡<span class="zhuanming">江</span>，有物大如斗，直觸王舟，止於舟中。<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>大怪之，使聘問<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『此名萍實，令剖而食之，惟霸者能獲之，此吉祥也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#213" id="228">〔一三〕</a><span class="shuming">文選</span>卷五<span class="zhuanming">左思</span><span class="shuming">吴都賦</span>：「鶢鶋避風。」<span class="zhuanming">劉逵</span>注：「鶢鶋，鳥也，似鳳。<span class="shuming">左傳</span>曰：海鳥爰居，止<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>東門外三日，<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>使國人祭之，不知其鳥，以爲神也。」按：<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷四<span class="shuming">魯語上</span>：「海鳥曰『爰居』，止於<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>東門之外三日，<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>使國人祭之。<span class="zhuanming">展禽</span>曰：『越哉，<span class="zhuanming">臧孫</span>之爲政也！夫祀，國之大節也，而節，政之所成也，故慎制祀以爲國典。今無故而加典，非政之宜也。』」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公二年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">臧文仲</span>，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00039','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P39</span></i>其不仁者三，不知者三。下<span class="zhuanming">展禽</span>，廢六關，妾織蒲，三不仁也。作虚器，縱逆祀，祀爰居，三不知也。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#214" id="229">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">妙高</span>：<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>之意譯。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷一<span class="shuming">序論</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">蘇迷盧山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">妙高山</span>。舊曰<span class="zhuanming">須彌</span>，又曰<span class="zhuanming">須彌婁</span>，皆訛略也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#215" id="230">〔一五〕</a>六合：上下四方。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">齊物論</span>：「六合之外，聖人存而不論。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「六合者，謂天地四方也。」</span> </p><p> <span>儒衣緇衣，各理其優。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">優，勝也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儒衣】縫掖紳帶也。【緇衣】上側持切，黑色繒也。</span> <span>有<span class="zhuanming">務玄先生</span>辯藴儒學，家富道書，曰：「爾來余評，惟<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之博大，吾無以擬議。雖聖人之末，皆得於糟粕。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">糟，酒滓。粕，油滓。皆聖人之殘末也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【評】量也。【擬】度也。<span class="shuming">易</span>曰：「擬諸形容。」【糟粕】上音遭，酒糟也；下普各切，酒滓也。【滓】阻史切，殿也。</span> <span>而甘酸腴瘠，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">腴，肥也。瘠，瘦也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【腴】音俞。【瘠】音籍，病也，瘦也。</span> <span>孰不云乎異矣？故遥劫非<span class="zhuanming">隸首</span>能計<a class="zhuhao" href="#239" id="231">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">隸首</span>，古之善算也。</span> <span>曜靈非<span class="zhuanming">夸父</span>能逐<a class="zhuhao" href="#240" id="232">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">曜靈，日也。<span class="zhuanming">夸父</span>逐日，不及。渴，飲<span class="zhuanming">黄河</span>而竭。擲其杖，化爲<span class="zhuanming">鄧林</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夸父】上音誇，下音甫。【鄧】徒亘切。</span> <span>彼<span class="zhuanming">日域</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">朱崖</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">月窟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">玄墟</span>，蓋四海之有截<a class="zhuhao" href="#241" id="233">〔三〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">截，邊也。東<span class="zhuanming">日域</span>﹑南<span class="zhuanming">朱崖</span>﹑西<span class="zhuanming">月窟</span>﹑北<span class="zhuanming">玄墟</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【墟】丘於切，大丘也。【截】作結切。</span> <span>渾儀﹑昕天﹑穹隆﹑宣夜<a class="zhuhao" href="#242" id="234">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並古史<span class="shuming">天文志</span>之名也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【昕】音忻，日欲出也。<span class="shuming">漢書音</span>斬天，形似車<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00040','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P40</span></i>也。【穹】去宫切，高也。</span> <span>歷造化之一塊耳。古者<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>聖人，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>等。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【中國聖人】注云<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span><span class="zhuanming">尼父</span>等，下無<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>義，但<span class="zhuanming">周父</span><span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>也。</span> <span>知來而藏往，察往而知來。窮神而知化，原始而要終。苟非其時，道不虚行。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人知西國有佛，以非時故，未欲行其道也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【要】平呼。</span> <span>姑脩<span class="zhuanming">伯益</span>之經﹑<span class="zhuanming">大禹</span>之迹，著三綱五常<a class="zhuhao" href="#243" id="235">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">姑，且也。謂删<span class="shuming">尚書</span>等，明九州治水山川之事。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姑】且也。</span> <span>被于<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>，是謂一天下也。至若皮服雕題﹑左袵窮髮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">題，額也。此四夷之類。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【袵】音稔，衣襟也。</span> <span>爲王化之所陋<a class="zhuhao" href="#244" id="236">〔六〕</a>。其歸命貢琛，有來則書，否則已<a class="zhuhao" href="#245" id="237">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">已，不書之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【琛】丑林切，寶也。</span> <span>況在大千之野，浩然無垠，於方册斯闕，不欲衍其文也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人慎疑，其未審之事不欲書之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【垠】音銀，水岸。【衍】達也。</span> <span>有以<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>宗爲誕，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">誕，虚大也。</span> <span>彼流競者也。夫誕則天厭之久矣，安得行乎天下哉？誠恐槍榆枋則笑乎南溟之遠也<a class="zhuhao" href="#246" id="238">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">尺鷃飛所不過槍榆枋，而笑大鵬一飛九萬。榆﹑枋，二木名。槍，七良，集也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誕】音彈，欺誕也。【競】争也。【槍】七良切，集也。【榆枋】上音俞，下音方，二木名也。【南溟】<span class="zhuanming">南海</span>。【尺鷃】正云斥鷃，<span class="zhuanming">司馬</span>云：斥，小澤也。下音晏，乃彼澤小雀名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#231" id="239">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">隸首</span>：傳説<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>時的史官，始作算數。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#232" id="240">〔二〕</a>曜靈：太陽。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">天問</span>：「角宿未旦，曜靈安藏？」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「曜靈，日也。」<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">海外北經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">夸父</span>與日逐走，入日；渴，欲得飲，飲于<span class="zhuanming">河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>；<span class="zhuanming">河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">渭</span>不足，北飲大澤；未至，道渴而死；棄其杖，化<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00041','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P41</span></i>爲<span class="zhuanming">鄧林</span>。」「逐」，<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「遂」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#233" id="241">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">日域</span>：日出之所，喻極東之地。　<span class="zhuanming">朱崖</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">珠崖</span>，今<span class="zhuanming">海南</span><span class="zhuanming">海口</span>，爲極南之地。　<span class="zhuanming">月窟</span>：月之歸宿處，喻極西之地。　<span class="zhuanming">玄墟</span>：喻極北之地。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#234" id="242">〔四〕</a>渾儀：當作「渾天」，爲解釋天體的一種學説。認爲天地形狀像鳥卵，天包裹着地，像卵包黄。天半在地上，半在地下，南北兩極固定在天的兩端，日月星辰都圍繞着兩極極軸而旋轉。參<span class="shuming">宋書</span><span class="shuming">天文志一</span>。　昕天：主張天體北高南低的一種學説。<span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷二「天部」二引<span class="zhuanming">姚信</span><span class="shuming">昕天論</span>：「若使天裹地，如卵含雞，地何所倚立而自安固？若有四維柱石，則天之運轉將以相害。使無四維，因水勢以浮，則非立性也。若天經地行於水中，則日月星辰之行，將不得其性。是以兩地之説，下地則上地之根也，天行乎兩地之間矣。今地形立於下，天象運乎上，譬如人頤移臨胸，而項不覆背，近取諸身，故知天體南低入地，北則高也。冬至極低，天運近南，故日去人遠，斗去人近，北氣至，故冰寒也；夏至極起，天運近北，故斗去人遠，日去人近。南天氣至，故蒸熱也。極之高時，日所行地中淺，故夜短，天去地高，故晝長；極之低時，日所行地中深，故夜長，天去地下，故晝短。然則天行寒依於渾，夏依於蓋也。」　穹隆：本指中間高四周低。<span class="zhuanming">揚雄</span><span class="shuming">太玄</span><span class="shuming">玄告</span>：「天穹隆而周乎下，地旁薄而向乎上，人𦳜𦳜而處乎中。」這裏亦當爲解釋天體的一種學説，主張天中間高四周低。　宣夜：主張天無一定形狀，也非物質造成，其高遠無止境，日月星辰飄浮空中，動和静都依靠「氣」。見<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一二<span class="shuming">天文中</span>。　<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">舜典</span>：「在璿璣玉衡，以齊七政。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">天文志</span>云：言天體者有三家：一曰<span class="shuming">周髀</span>，二曰<span class="shuming">宣夜</span>，三曰<span class="shuming">渾天</span>。<span class="shuming">宣夜</span>絶無師説……　<span class="shuming">虞喜</span>云：宣，明也；夜，幽也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00042','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P42</span></i>幽明之數，其術兼之，故曰宣夜。但絶無師説，不知其狀如何。」<span class="shuming">爾雅</span><span class="shuming">釋天</span><span class="zhuanming">邢昺</span><span class="shuming">疏</span>：「天之爲體，中包乎地，日月星辰屬焉。然天地有高下之形，四時有升降之理，日月有運行之度，星辰有次舍之常，既曰釋天，不得不略言其趣。故其形狀之殊，凡有六等：一曰『蓋天』，文見<span class="shuming">周髀</span>，如蓋在上。二曰『渾天』，形如彈丸，地在其中，天包其外，猶如雞卵白之繞黄。<span class="zhuanming">楊雄</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">桓譚</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">張衡</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">陸績</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">王肅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>之徒，並所依用。三曰『宣夜』，舊説云<span class="zhuanming">殷代</span>之制。其形體事義，無所出以言之。四曰『昕天』。昕讀爲軒，言天北高南下，若車之軒，是<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>時<span class="zhuanming">姚信</span>所説。五曰『穹天』，云穹隆在上，<span class="zhuanming">虞氏</span>所説，不知其名也。六曰『安天』，是<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">虞喜</span>所論。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#235" id="243">〔五〕</a>五常：儒家的五種基本倫常道德。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">泰誓下</span>：「今<span class="zhuanming">商王</span><span class="zhuanming">受</span>，狎侮五常。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「五常即五典，謂父義﹑母慈﹑兄友﹑弟恭﹑子孝，五者人之常行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#236" id="244">〔六〕</a>雕題：古代南方少數民族的一種習俗。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">王制</span>：「南方曰<span class="zhuanming">蠻</span>，雕題交趾，有不火食者矣。」　<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「雕文，謂刻其肌，以丹青涅之。」　<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「彫謂刻也，題謂額也，謂以丹青彫刻其額。」這裏指代南方的少數民族。　左袵：衣襟左掩。爲古代北方少數民族的習俗。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">憲問</span>：「微<span class="zhuanming">管仲</span>，吾其披髮左袵矣。」這裏指代北方的少數民族。　窮髮：極北不毛之地。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「窮髮之北，有冥海者，天池也。」<span class="zhuanming">成玄英</span>疏：「地以草爲毛髮，北方寒沍之地，草木不生，故名窮髮，所謂不毛之地。」這裏亦指代北方的少數民族。　陋：輕視。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#237" id="245">〔七〕</a>歸命：音譯「南無」，指身命歸趣於佛和歸順佛之教命。這裏指周邊的少數民族歸順於<span class="zhuanming">諸夏</span>。　貢琛：進貢寶物。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00043','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P43</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#238" id="246">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「蜩與學鳩笑之曰：『我决起而飛，槍榆枋，時則不至，而控於地而已矣，奚以之九萬里而南爲？』」又：「尺鷃笑之曰：『彼且奚適也？我騰躍而上，不過數仞而下，翱翔蓬蒿之間，此亦飛之至也，而彼且奚適也？』此小大之辯也。」</span> </p><p> <span>故酌聖人之心以求，則萬計或一；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">萬慮一獲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【酌】音勺，挹也，取也，行也。</span> <span>封區内之心以求，則於一罔克。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">罔，無也。克，能也。則於一事亦不能也。封，滯也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【封】守也，執也。【區】域也。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">蠻</span>與<span class="zhuanming">觸</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">蠻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">觸</span>二國之事，如前蝸角處已解。</span> <span>聞<span class="zhuanming">僬僥</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">侏儒</span>盈尺之軀寔駭<a class="zhuhao" href="#249" id="247">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">寔，實也。駭，驚也。<span class="zhuanming">僬僥國</span>人長一尺五寸，<span class="zhuanming">侏儒國</span>人長三尺也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">僬僥</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">侏儒</span>聞<span class="zhuanming">防風</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">鄋瞞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">長狄僑如</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此國人並長三丈。僬僥﹑侏儒，小人也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【僬僥】上音焦，下堯，又魚凋切。<span class="shuming">列子</span>云：從<span class="zhuanming">中州</span>以東，去四十萬里，得區域國，人長一尺五寸。<span class="shuming">山海經</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">僬僥國</span>在<span class="zhuanming">三首國</span>東，人長三尺者也。【侏儒】上音朱，短人。侏儒不可使援。【防風】<span class="zhuanming">防風氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>時諸侯，身長三丈。【鄋瞞】上音搜，下母官切，北方<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>國名。【僑】音喬，<span class="zhuanming">長狄</span>國名。</span> <span>其骨專車，其喉戟舂<a class="zhuhao" href="#250" id="248">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆大人也。<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>破<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>，獲專車之骨。問夫子，云：「<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>時<span class="zhuanming">防風氏</span>後至，戮之，此其骨也。<span class="zhuanming">鄋瞒國</span><span class="zhuanming">長狄喬如</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">叔孫得臣</span>以戈舂其喉而殺之也。」<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【專車】專，獨也。【戟樁】上几劇切，兵杖也；下書容切，撞也。撞，宅江切，突也，擊也。舂悮也。</span> <span>其駭亦<span class="zhuanming">蠻</span><span class="zhuanming">觸</span>耳。<span class="zhuanming">彭祖</span>之傷於殤子也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">彭祖</span>，<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>大夫。姓<span class="zhuanming">戔</span>名<span class="zhuanming">坑</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">長孺</span>，壽年八百歲。二十歲已下爲長殤，十五歲已下至十二爲中殤，七歲已上爲下殤也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【彭祖】<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>封<span class="zhuanming">籛鏗</span>於<span class="zhuanming">彭城</span>，其道可祖，故曰<span class="zhuanming">彭祖</span>。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00044','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P44</span></i>【傷】哀憐也。【殤】夭也。【姓戔名坑】應云姓<span class="zhuanming">籛</span>名<span class="zhuanming">鏗</span>。鏗，口莖切。</span> <span>而不知爲<span class="zhuanming">王母</span>之殤子也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【王母】<span class="zhuanming">木公</span>妻也。道宗謂之仙宗，不知壽幾千萬年。</span> <span>蛇以鉏鋙慠乎風，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鉏鋙，不齊皃也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鉏鋙】上床語切，下音語。虵蝮行皃也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">夔</span>以趻</span> <span class="font12 zhu">敕錦反。</span> <span>踔</span> <span class="font12 zhu">丑略反。</span> <span>慠乎蛇，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">趻踔，跛也。蛇雖鉏鋙不端齊，而行猶勝風，無形而行。<span class="zhuanming">夔</span>雖一足而跛，猶勝蛇全無足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夔】音逵，獸也，似牛，一足無角，其音如雷，肉重千斤，皮可輓皷。【趻踔】上古甚切，下丑畧切，行無常定皃也。</span> <span>故恃小者不知其大，恃近者不知其遠，恃寡者不知其衆，夫何不然哉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#247" id="249">〔一〕</a>僥：<span class="shuming">説文</span>卷八上：「南方有<span class="zhuanming">焦僥</span>人，長三尺，短之極。」<span class="shuming">山海經</span><span class="shuming">海外南經</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周饒國</span>在其東。其爲人短小，冠帶，一曰<span class="zhuanming">焦僥國</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">三首</span>東。」<span class="zhuanming">畢沅</span>校曰：「<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">墬形訓</span>無此國，『周饒』即『僬僥』，音相近也。」<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">湯問</span>：「從<span class="zhuanming">中州</span>以東，四十萬里，得<span class="zhuanming">僬僥國</span>，人長一尺五寸。」<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">王制</span>：「瘖聾﹑跛躃﹑斷者﹑侏儒，百工各以其器食之。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「侏儒，短人也。」<span class="shuming">國語</span>卷一○<span class="shuming">晉語四</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">僬僥</span>不可使舉，侏儒不可使援。」<span class="shuming">抱朴子内篇</span><span class="shuming">明本</span>：「夫侏儒之手，不足以傾<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span><span class="zhuanming">華</span>；<span class="zhuanming">焦僥</span>之脛，不足以測滄海。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#248" id="250">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">國語</span>卷五<span class="shuming">魯語下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">越</span>，墮<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>，獲骨焉，節專車。<span class="zhuanming">吴子</span>使來好聘，且問之<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>，曰：『無以吾命。』賓發幣於大夫，及<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>爵之。既徹俎而宴，客執骨而問曰：『敢問骨何爲大？』<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>聞之：昔<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>致群神於<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>之山，<span class="zhuanming">防風</span>後至，<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>殺而戮之，其骨節專車。此爲大矣。』客曰：『敢問誰守爲神？』<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『山川之靈，足以紀綱天下者，其守爲神；社稷之守者，爲公侯。皆屬於王者。』客曰：『<span class="zhuanming">防風</span>何守也？』<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">汪芒氏</span>之君也，守<span class="zhuanming">封</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">嵎</span>之山者也，爲<span class="zhuanming">漆</span>姓。在<span class="zhuanming">虞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">商</span>爲<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00045','1865861',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P45</span></i><span class="zhuanming">汪芒氏</span>，於<span class="zhuanming">周</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">長狄</span>，今爲<span class="zhuanming">大人</span>。』客曰：『人長之極幾何？』<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">僬僥氏</span>長三尺，短之至也。長者不過十之，數之極也。』」<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">文公十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鄋瞞</span>侵<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>，遂伐我。公卜使<span class="zhuanming">叔孫得臣</span>追之，吉。<span class="zhuanming">侯叔夏</span>御<span class="zhuanming">莊叔</span>，<span class="zhuanming">緜房甥</span>爲右，<span class="zhuanming">富父終甥</span>駟乘。冬十月甲午，敗<span class="zhuanming">狄</span>于<span class="zhuanming">鹹</span>，獲<span class="zhuanming">長狄僑如</span>。<span class="zhuanming">富父終甥</span>摏其喉以戈，殺之。埋其首於<span class="zhuanming">子駒之門</span>。以命<span class="zhuanming">宣伯</span>。」</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
聖人生第二
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133822" key="1133822"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第一 &gt; 聖人生第二 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133823" key="1133823"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00045','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P45</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000011">聖人生第二<span class="font12 zhu">道契無爲，仁高有象，德掩群功，化周萬行，稱之曰聖。<span class="shuming">易</span>云：「聖人與天地合其德。」此正指<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>聖主降生之事也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：與四時合其序，與鬼神合其吉凶，先天而天弗違，後天而奉天時，天且弗違，而況於人乎？況鬼神乎？正明<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>，兼明<span class="zhuanming">孔老</span>降生之事者也。</span></p><p> <span>惟<span class="zhuanming">周王</span>二十四年甲寅春二月八日，<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>誕于<span class="zhuanming">迦維</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#257" id="251">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">姬周</span>第四主<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>（按：計<span class="zhuanming">文王</span>則爲第五主），名<span class="zhuanming">瑕</span>，<span class="zhuanming">康王</span>之子，在位五十一年。二十四年，歲在甲寅，四月八日，佛生于<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛國</span><span class="zhuanming">歡喜園</span>中無憂樹下。即<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王城</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中印</span>土是也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【釋迦牟尼】此云<span class="zhuanming">能仁寂默</span>，離三毒諠雜也。【迦毗羅衛】或云<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">妙德</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">劫比羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">黄赤黑</span>，古仙之名也。【歡喜園】下云<span class="zhuanming">毗藍</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">婢守</span>。</span> <span>敷德教于<span class="zhuanming">五天</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#258" id="252">〔二〕</a>，此<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人之不知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">東﹑南﹑西﹑北﹑中<span class="zhuanming">五印</span>土，皆稱爲天，本<span class="zhuanming">梵天</span>之裔也。敷，布也。化在西國，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人不知也。</span> <span>初河泉泛溢，大地震動。瑞氣浮空，入貫太微，遍乎西方，作青紅色。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>人雖不知，於四月八日晨朝，忽見地動泉溢，望見西方有虹光等瑞，上貫紫微。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【貫】穿也，行也。【太微】星官名<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00046','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P46</span></i>也。【虹】音紅，螮蝀也。</span> <span>王問太史<span class="zhuanming">蘇由</span>曰：「若何祥乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>見西方瑞相，不測而問<span class="zhuanming">蘇由</span>也。大史，占天文者。</span> <span>史曰：「有大聖人，生在西方。」王曰：「於天下何如？」曰：「即時無他。一千年後，聲教被此。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太史以古書占知西國有大聖人降生。王疑屬於彼土，故問天下如何。答以千年之後，聲教方及於此，即今無他。自<span class="zhuanming">周昭</span>二十四年至<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年，計得一千九十六年矣。</span> <span>王因刻石于南郊<a class="zhuhao" href="#259" id="253">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">用紀此事，出<span class="shuming">周書異記</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#260" id="254">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">高麗</span>問於<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人，而<span class="zhuanming">法上</span>亦以此告<a class="zhuhao" href="#261" id="255">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">高麗</span>未達佛生之事而問之<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人，高僧<span class="zhuanming">法上</span>亦引此文而對之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【高麗】或云<span class="zhuanming">高句麗</span>，東夷國名也。【齊人】<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>。【法上】<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>高僧。僧至下自叙。</span> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>承<span class="zhuanming">文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">成</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">康</span>之烈，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">文王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>，布德開基。<span class="zhuanming">成王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">康王</span>，纘承帝祚，以至於<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【文武成康之烈】烈，業也。<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>命<span class="zhuanming">君雅</span>云：惟予小子，嗣<span class="zhuanming">文</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">武</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">成</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">康</span>遺緒。【纘】繼也。【祚】福禄位也。</span> <span>刑措國治。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">措，置也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【刑措】下倉故切，置也。刑設然後治國。又，投也。投擲其刑也。</span> <span>向能正思無爲，謹變乎道而目觀其瑞，心不精求，蓋福應斯來，有數故也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>雖覩奇瑞，不能求訪聖人，而南巡<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>鄉，膠舡溺於<span class="zhuanming">漢水</span>。此蓋聖人緣合有時故也<a class="zhuhao" href="#262" id="256">〔六〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膠船】上音交。舟人惡王，故以膠船進王。中流膠解，王沉水死也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#251" id="257">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">迦維</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛</span>」的省稱，又作「<span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛</span>」。<span class="shuming">法顯傳</span>：「從此東行減一由延，到<span class="zhuanming">迦維羅衛城</span>。城中都無王民，甚如丘荒，祇有衆僧民户數十家而已。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>即<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">迦維衛國</span>王之子。<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>其總稱，<span class="zhuanming">迦維</span>别名也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00047','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P47</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#252" id="258">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">五天</span>：即全<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>。古代<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>稱<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，分爲東西南北中五區，合稱<span class="zhuanming">五天竺</span>，簡稱<span class="zhuanming">五天</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#253" id="259">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">法苑珠林</span>卷一○○<span class="shuming">曆算部第六</span>：「佛是<span class="zhuanming">姬周</span>第五主<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span><span class="zhuanming">瑕</span>即位二十三年癸丑之歲七月十五日，現白象形，降自<span class="zhuanming">兜率</span>，託<span class="zhuanming">浄飯宫</span>，<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>受胎。故<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="shuming">法本内傳</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>問<span class="zhuanming">摩騰法師</span>曰：『佛生日月可知以不？』<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>曰：『佛以癸丑之年七月十五日託陰<span class="zhuanming">摩耶</span>，即此年也。』<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>二十四年甲寅之歲四月八日，于<span class="zhuanming">嵐毗園</span>内波羅樹下，右脅而誕。故<span class="shuming">普曜經</span>云：普放大光，照三千界。即<span class="shuming">周書異記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>二十四年甲寅之歲四月八日，江河泉池忽然汎漲，井皆溢出，宫殿人舍山川大地咸悉震動。其夜即有五色光氣，入貫太微，徧於西方，盡作青紅之色。<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>即問太史<span class="zhuanming">蘇由</span>曰：『是何祥耶？』<span class="zhuanming">蘇由</span>曰：『有大聖人生於西方，故現此瑞。』<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>曰：『於天下何如？』<span class="zhuanming">蘇由</span>曰：『即時無他，至一千年外聲教被此。』<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>即遣鐫石記之，埋在南郊天祠前。佛生即當此年。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#254" id="260">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">周書異記</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>前佛教徒爲與道教徒争高下而編撰的著作。學術界多認爲出現於<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>時期，<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span><span class="shuming">漢魏兩晉南北朝佛教史</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">元魏</span>佛道之争，自<span class="zhuanming">太武帝</span>以後當極劇烈。所謂<span class="shuming">老子開天經</span>，乃上接<span class="zhuanming">寇謙之</span>謂<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>爲四十二天（引者按：<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>點校本<span class="shuming">魏書</span><span class="shuming">釋老志</span>校改爲『三十二天』）<span class="zhuanming">延真宫</span>主之説。而佛徒假造<span class="shuming">周書異記</span>及<span class="shuming">漢法本内傳</span>以駁道説，亦當作於<span class="zhuanming">北魏</span>中葉。」<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>門著述中，多有引用。今佚。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#255" id="261">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">法上</span>：姓<span class="zhuanming">劉氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">朝歌</span>人。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷八有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#256" id="262">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公四年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>南征而不復。」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">周本記</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>南巡守不返，卒于<span class="zhuanming">江</span>上。」<span class="zhuanming">張守節</span><span class="shuming">正義</span>引<span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>德衰，南征，濟于<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>，船人惡之，以膠船進王，王御船至中流，膠液船解，王及<span class="zhuanming">祭公</span><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00048','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P48</span></i>俱没于水中而崩。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔世界初成，有千花見焉。遠表賢劫，有千佛興矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#274" id="263">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔劫初時，海中有千蓮花出見，表有千佛出世。</span> <span>今第九減劫，人壽六萬降至于百，而四佛利見于天下<a class="zhuhao" href="#275" id="264">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今第九劫中，人壽六萬歲時，<span class="zhuanming">俱留孫佛</span>出世。四萬歲時，<span class="zhuanming">俱那含牟尼佛</span>出世。二萬歲時，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>出世。人壽百歲時，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>出世也<a class="zhuhao" href="#276" id="265">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俱留孫】此云<span class="zhuanming">作莊嚴佛</span>。【俱那含牟尼】此云<span class="zhuanming">金色仙</span>也。【迦葉】此云<span class="zhuanming">飲</span>也。</span> <span>餘佛在於餘減劫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">餘九百九十六佛出餘減劫也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>以嗣聖之儲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">位繼<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>之後也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【儲】音除，副也。</span> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">知足宫</span>降神于王家，光被百億。其所將從，乃大威德天，格于上下神祇，至是鬼宿合時，於<span class="zhuanming">毗嵐園</span>波羅樹下，右脅而生也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">格，至也。<span class="zhuanming">知足</span>即<span class="zhuanming">兜率</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">毗嵐</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">婢守</span>。波羅樹，即無憂樹也。以右者順也，脅生者，異凡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【被】及也。【格】古伯切，至也。【上下神祇】上下，天地也。天曰神，地曰祇。祇，音示。【毗嵐園波羅樹】<span class="shuming">本行集經</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">毗嵐尼園</span>波羅叉樹也。【兜率】此云<span class="zhuanming">知足</span>，爲彼天衆知欲之足，至補處皆生其中。</span> <span>古者樞虹應誕，表厥命世，故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>亦以白象爲瑞也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span><span class="zhuanming">高辛</span>等，皆感虹光繞樞星而生，其稱命世之君。佛亦以日輪白象而生，表其瑞也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樞】北極樞星也。【誕】貴人生曰誕。</span> <span>古者八采重瞳，陟于元后<a class="zhuhao" href="#277" id="266">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陟，升也。元，大也。后，君也。<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>眉八采重瞳。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【重瞳】上平呼，音重。應云下同。<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>目重瞳。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>亦以三十二相，示昇階也<a class="zhuhao" href="#278" id="267">〔五〕</a>。國有老仙</span> <span class="font12 zhu">老仙謂<span class="zhuanming">阿夷頭耆</span>，或云<span class="zhuanming">阿私陁</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【階等】級也。【國有老仙】<span class="zhuanming">阿私陁</span>也。</span> <span>言<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00049','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P49</span></i>於王曰<a class="zhuhao" href="#279" id="268">〔六〕</a>：「嗚呼，王子有奇表。在家爲轉輪王，出家成無上道<a class="zhuhao" href="#280" id="269">〔七〕</a>。觀乎相好炳著，不得在家矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#281" id="270">〔八〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">炳，明也。著，見。以王子之相好，恐不得在家爲輪王，多出家成道也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【炳著】上丙，焕也；下著，明也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>聞之，心忉怛焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#282" id="271">〔九〕</a>：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">忉怛，悲慘也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忉怛】上憂心也，下悲也。注悽愴也。</span> <span>「誠國嗣不在此，則吾氏泯矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">信如先生所言，若太子不在家爲輪王，即恐吾氏族無繼紹而滅絶也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泯】滅也，盡也。</span> <span>黎民弗保，子孫其賓於國乎？其國安在哉？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">保，守也。失國子孫爲二王後，乃稱國賓。</span> <span>其圖惟安，則翦其心，立保傅以作訓，歷射御以昭藝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【圖】謀也。【翦】截也。【保傅】上安守也，下相也。保傅，東宫官名也。【歷】經也，次也，近也，行也。【射】射矢也。【御】御車也，進使也。【藝】才能有也六：禮﹑樂﹑射﹑御﹑書﹑數也。</span> <span>王子乘羊車詣學堂，行在三之教。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂世子入學，與國人齒讓也。一﹑父在故讓，使知父子之道；二﹑君在故讓，使知君臣之義；三﹑長在故讓，使知長幼之節也。於是選師友教太子六十四書等也<a class="zhuhao" href="#283" id="272">〔一○〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三長長故讓】下一長字，宜是在字。</span> <span>由是駕象弦弧，馳騁捔逐<a class="zhuhao" href="#284" id="273">〔一一〕</a>。備物致績，莫有不爲天下先者。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">將思謀安，安之於家則宜翦其脩行之心，立師保訓以至文武之道，擲象﹑射鼓﹑角抵之戲，備物致功，無有及者。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弦弧】上音弦，弓弦也；下音胡，弓弧也。【捔逐】聞鬭力也。【績】則力切，功業也，緝也，事也。【角抵之戲】抵，音底，觸也。使角抵者相抵觸也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#263" id="274">〔一〕</a>賢劫：指有<span class="zhuanming">釋迦佛</span>等千佛出世的現在劫。佛經言過去莊嚴劫﹑現在賢劫﹑未來星宿劫中，各有千佛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00050','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P50</span></i>出世。<span class="shuming">觀藥王藥上二菩薩經</span>：「其千人者，<span class="zhuanming">花光佛</span>爲首，下至<span class="zhuanming">毗舍浮佛</span>，於莊嚴劫得成爲佛，過去千佛是也。此中千佛者，<span class="zhuanming">拘留孫佛</span>爲首，下至<span class="zhuanming">樓至如來</span>，於賢劫中次第成佛。後千佛者，<span class="zhuanming">日光如來</span>爲首，下至<span class="zhuanming">須彌相</span>，於星宿劫中當得成佛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#264" id="275">〔二〕</a>減劫：人壽每百年減一歲，由八萬歲減至十歲所需之時間。佛教認爲以人間世界爲中心的宇宙有成﹑住﹑壞﹑空四大劫，各大劫又由二十中劫構成。依小乘之説，住劫二十中劫之第一劫中，以人積集惡業之故，人壽每百年減一歲，由八萬歲減至十歲，稱爲減劫。其後十八劫之各劫中，人壽由十歲增至八萬歲，復由八萬歲減至十歲，此時期稱爲增減劫。第二十劫中，人壽再由十歲增至八萬歲，稱爲增劫。大乘則認爲二十中劫各有增減，即以中劫各爲唯一之增減劫。　利見：<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">乾</span>：「飛龍在天，利見大人。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「若聖人有龍德飛騰而居天位，德備天下，爲萬物所瞻覩，故天下利見此居王位之大人。」這裏指見佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#265" id="276">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">俱留孫佛</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">拘留孫佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦鳩留佛</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">領持</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">滅累</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">所應斷已斷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">成就美妙</span>等，於賢劫中第九減劫，人壽減至六萬歲時，出世成佛，是過去七佛中的第四尊佛，現在賢劫千佛中的第一尊佛。　<span class="zhuanming">俱那含牟尼佛</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">拘那含佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">俱那含佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦那伽牟尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">拘那含牟尼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦諾迦牟尼</span>等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">金色仙</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">金儒</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">金寂</span>。過去七佛中之第五佛，賢劫千佛之第二佛。人壽減至四萬歲時，於<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>出世成佛。　<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">迦葉波佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦攝波佛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">迦攝佛</span>，意譯<span class="zhuanming">飲光佛</span>。爲過去七佛中的第六佛，現在賢劫千佛中的第三尊佛。傳説爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>前世之師，曾預言<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>將來必定成佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#266" id="277">〔四〕</a>八采：眉毛八種彩色。<span class="shuming">孔叢子</span><span class="shuming">居衛</span>：「昔<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>身修十尺，眉分八采。」　重瞳：重瞳子。<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">項羽<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00051','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P51</span></i>本紀</span>：「吾聞之<span class="zhuanming">周生</span>曰『<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>目蓋重瞳子』，又聞<span class="zhuanming">項羽</span>亦重瞳子。」<span class="zhuanming">裴駰</span><span class="shuming">集解</span>引<span class="shuming">尸子</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>兩眸子，是謂重瞳。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#267" id="278">〔五〕</a>三十二相：亦稱「三十二大人相」等，指<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>莊嚴色身中，具有的三十二種不同凡俗的顯著的體態特徵。行百善乃得一妙相，稱爲「百福莊嚴」。　昇階：步步上進。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">升</span>：「六五：貞吉，昇階。象曰：貞吉昇階，大得志也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#268" id="279">〔六〕</a>老仙：謂<span class="zhuanming">阿夷頭耆</span>。又作「<span class="zhuanming">阿斯陀</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">阿私多</span>」等，相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛國</span>之仙人。<span class="zhuanming">釋尊</span>誕生時，此仙曾爲之占相，並預言其將成佛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#269" id="280">〔七〕</a>轉輪王：又稱「轉輪聖王」﹑「輪王」。佛經中的人間聖主，身具三十二相，即位時，由天感得輪寶，轉其輪寶而降伏四方，故稱轉輪王。參見<span class="shuming">天地始</span>篇注。　無上道：<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>證得的道。没有超過者，故名無上道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#270" id="281">〔八〕</a>相好：即「三十二相」﹑「八十種好」，是佛所具有的種種殊勝的體貌。顯著者爲三十二相，細微者爲八十種好。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷二九：「問曰：若須八十隨形好，何不皆名爲相而别爲好？答曰：相大嚴身，若説大者，則已攝小。復次，相麤而好細，衆生見佛則見其相，好則難見故。又相者餘人共得，好者或共或不共，以是故相好别説。」　炳著：光明，顯著。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#271" id="282">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>：公元前六世紀時<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">迦毗羅衛國</span>王，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>之父親。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#272" id="283">〔一○〕</a>齒讓：謂以年歲大小相讓，表示長幼有序。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">文王世子</span>：「故世子齒於學，國人觀之曰：『將君我而與我齒讓，何也？』」　六十四書：指古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>流行的一切外典。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00052','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P52</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#273" id="284">〔一一〕</a>弦弧：製作弓箭。　捔：競力。捔逐：争相取勝。</span> </p><p> <span>爰復考少陽之宫，徵傾邦之曼，玄黄赬練，綽約繽紛<a class="zhuhao" href="#290" id="285">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">考，成也。曼，長也。美女長弱。<span class="shuming">列子</span>云「娥媌靡曼」也。爲太子立宫既成，徵求美女，謂娶<span class="zhuanming">善覺王</span>女<span class="zhuanming">耶輸陁羅</span>等，飾玄黄之服。綽約繽紛，乃容儀舉動之皃。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【考】成也。【徵】召也。【曼】音萬，長也。【赬】丑成切，赤色。【練】白也。【綽約】容止寬裕皃也。【繽紛】美麗盛也。【娥媌】上音俄，女美好也；下音茅。好而輕者謂之娥。自<span class="zhuanming">關</span>之東，<span class="zhuanming">河</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">濟</span>之間謂之媌，或謂之妖也。【靡曼】上文彼切，美色。【娶】納妻曰娶。【耶輸陀羅】此云<span class="zhuanming">善譽</span>。</span> <span>擊石拊石，鼓琴鼓篁，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">石，樂磬也。此謂悦之以音樂也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【擊石】扣擊也，石磬也。【拊】音撫，拍也。</span> <span>姑務以歡娱榮醼，狂醒蕩慮，闇鈍耳目，泊其道性<a class="zhuhao" href="#291" id="286">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">姑，且也。泊，淡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泊】音薄。</span> <span>而歲始芳，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂二月八日也。</span> <span>感應時來，鬼神合謀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">浄居天子</span>至也。</span> <span>夜未艾，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">艾，正也。又，中也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夜未艾】先鷄鳴時。</span> <span>哀含膽肺，厭極嬪嬙。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【膽肺】上肝膽，下腸肺。【嬪嬙】上音頻。<span class="shuming">周禮</span>：九嬪掌教四德。下音牆，婦人官名。又音色也。</span> <span>策素馬以凌虚，詣青山而斷髮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">太子於是逾城矣，爰祈作佛也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凌】侵也。【詣】至也。【斷】徒管切。</span> <span>體常樂而化成天下者也。嗚呼，人謀蔽於鬼謀，鬼謀蔽於天謀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蔽猶暗也。人謀況議於衆也。人雖有謀，暗鬼<a class="zhuhao" href="#292" id="287">〔三〕</a>神之謀而不得用也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蔽】暗也。</span> <span>人謀從欲，天謀從道。鬼猶非人之敵，而況資於天乎？是故抱關士虚謹其户，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">抱關，謂閽者。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【抱關】抱，守也。關，門之横木。【閽】音昏，守<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00053','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P53</span></i>門吏也。<span class="shuming">天官</span>云：人王宫每門四人，乃司晨昏啓閉也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">挈壺氏</span>虚謹於時<a class="zhuhao" href="#293" id="288">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">周禮</span>有<span class="zhuanming">挈壺氏</span>，掌箭漏者。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【挈】苦結切，提持也。又，音結，懸擊也。【壺】音胡，漏水器也。</span> <span>宫衛偃甲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">禁兵之屬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【偃】偃，卧也。</span> <span>軒懸失舉<a class="zhuhao" href="#294" id="289">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">樂奏之士也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【軒】諸侯樂名。</span> <span>彼昏迷之不暇，豈能致勤於其職也？故應生之質，雖曰天性，功存被物，而不得行乎天性矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">父子之道，天性也。佛雖以應現化生之身，而本在濟物。濟物之行，必假道成。道成不可在於愛欲，是以不得不行乎本意之事也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#285" id="290">〔一〕</a>少陽：東宫，太子所居。<span class="shuming">文選</span>卷四六<span class="zhuanming">顔延之</span><span class="shuming">三月三日曲水詩序</span>：「正體毓德於少陽。」<span class="zhuanming">李善</span>注：「正體，太子也。……少陽，東宫也。」　傾邦：指容貌極美的女子。出<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">外戚傳下</span><span class="shuming">孝武李夫人</span>：「北方有佳人，絶世而獨立，一顧傾人城，再顧傾人國。寧不知傾城與傾國，佳人難再得。」　曼：柔美。　綽約：柔婉美好貌。<span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">逍遥遊</span>：「肌膚若冰雪，綽約若處子。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#286" id="291">〔二〕</a>闇鈍：愚昧遲鈍，這裏謂使耳目愚闇也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#287" id="292">〔三〕</a>鬼：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「思」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#288" id="293">〔四〕</a><span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">夏官</span><span class="shuming">挈壺氏</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">挈壺氏</span>掌挈壺以令軍井，挈轡以令舍，挈畚以令糧。凡軍事，縣壺以序聚柝。凡喪，縣壺以代哭者，皆以水火守之，分以日夜。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#289" id="294">〔五〕</a>軒懸：諸侯陳列樂器，三面懸掛。多作「軒縣」。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">春官</span><span class="shuming">小胥</span>：「正樂縣之位，王宫縣，諸侯軒縣。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">鄭司農</span>云：『宫縣，四面縣。軒縣，去其一面……』<span class="zhuanming">玄</span>謂軒縣去南面辟王也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00054','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P54</span></i><p> <span>父王遲其不歸宫室，曖而無輝<a class="zhuhao" href="#308" id="295">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">曖，暗也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遲】徐也，久也，晚也，待也。【曖】日暗也。</span> <span>顧彼山林，悠然長往，涕泣漣洏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【涕泣】涕，目汁也。無聲下有泪曰泣也。【漣洏】上音連，下音而，涕泗皃也。</span> <span>詔族父洎伯舅氏五人而往求之，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即俱倫五人等，皆太子族也，令入山求而伴之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#309" id="296">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>令候其暄涼，遂其行藏，無咈太子之欲<a class="zhuhao" href="#310" id="297">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">咈，違戾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【候】伺也。【咈】弗勿切，違也。</span> <span>過六載，載省載悟。枯餒之行，不爲功德，乃以腴腸實腹爲至道之器。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">六載日餐麻麥<a class="zhuhao" href="#311" id="298">〔四〕</a>，爲降外道，乃云吾有一法，世莫能知，一切衆生，皆依食住，遂受乳糜六斗四升而餐之，乃成道也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【載】方言曰年。【載省】上事也，下始也。【枯餒】下奴罪切，飢也，形枯腸也。【餐】七安切，吞食也。【糜】粥也。</span> <span>以是月，以是日，以是夜，夜何其<a class="zhuhao" href="#312" id="299">〔五〕</a>？銀漢已轉，群動已息。據金剛座<a class="zhuhao" href="#313" id="300">〔六〕</a>，如龍蟠結，戡翦大難，萬德來朝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夜何其】下音基也。【蟠】音盤，結也。【戡】音堪，勝也，克也。</span> <span>巍巍乎浩劫鴻勳，爰𨍐于箭漏之閒耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#314" id="301">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以十二月八日食乳糜已，<span class="zhuanming">尼連</span>沐浴，於金剛座入定。示將三界九地諸惑斷之，以三十四心而成正覺也<a class="zhuhao" href="#315" id="302">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【輯】音集。</span> <span>夫天期昭昭之多，地一撮土之多，山一拳石之多，海一勺水之多<a class="zhuhao" href="#316" id="303">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昭昭，耿光也。天以積小明而成，地以積撮土而成，山以積石而成，海以積勺水而成也。並<span class="shuming">中庸</span>篇文也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天期】<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云：天斯昭昭之多。斯，此也。【昭昭】猶耿光小之皃。【拳石】<span class="shuming">禮記</span>云卷石。卷，區也。</span> <span>故積而爲大，能致大用。大士往脩大行，舉善無遺，以<span class="zhuanming">普賢</span>願普入一切<a class="zhuhao" href="#317" id="304">〔一○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">普賢</span>行願如<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>。</span> <span>故於兹辰，其身遍坐<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00055','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P55</span></i>一切道場，而小智觀之以丈六<a class="zhuhao" href="#318" id="305">〔一一〕</a>，大士觀之以遠大。遠大則該乎報體<a class="zhuhao" href="#319" id="306">〔一二〕</a>，丈六則專乎化軀。其猶自牖而窺於天道，隨隟而見乎多少爾。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖以丈六之身於<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>畔金剛座上成等正覺，而實量無齊等，非屬三界<a class="zhuhao" href="#320" id="307">〔一三〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#295" id="308">〔一〕</a>遲：遲疑，懷疑。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#296" id="309">〔二〕</a>俱倫：又作「五俱輪」等，是<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道之初在<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>最先度化的五位比丘：<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">額鞞</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">跋提</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">十力迦葉</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摩男俱利</span>。一説此五人自過去世以來俱爲同倫，故稱俱倫；或謂「俱倫」乃<span class="zhuanming">阿若憍陳如</span>之别譯，爲五比丘之首，故統稱五比丘爲五俱倫。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#297" id="310">〔三〕</a>候：伺候。　暄涼：暖和與寒冷。　遂：順，如意。　行藏：行止。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#298" id="311">〔四〕</a>六：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「大」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#299" id="312">〔五〕</a>夜何其：夜晚什麽時候。其，語氣助詞。語本<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">庭燎</span>：「夜如何其？夜未央。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>箋曰：「問早晚之辭。其，音基。」舊題<span class="zhuanming">蘇武</span><span class="shuming">詩四首</span>之三：「征夫懷往路，起視夜何其。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#300" id="313">〔六〕</a>金剛座：<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道時的座位，在<span class="zhuanming">摩羯陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">菩提伽耶</span>菩提樹下。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陁國上</span>：「菩提樹垣正中，有金剛座。昔賢劫初成，與大地俱起，據三千大千世界之中，下極金輪，上侵地際，金剛所成，周百餘步，賢劫千佛坐之而入金剛定，故曰金剛座焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#301" id="314">〔七〕</a>箭：置於漏壺之下，用來標記時刻的部件。　漏：即漏壺，一種計時器。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#302" id="315">〔八〕</a>入定：進入禪定狀態，也就是止息身﹑口﹑意三業，使心定於一處。　三界九地：<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00056','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P56</span></i>色界</span>，包括了六道生死往來的一切世界。三界又分爲九地，即<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">五趣雜居地</span>；<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>分爲<span class="zhuanming">雜生喜樂地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">定生喜樂地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">離喜妙樂地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">捨念清浄地</span>；<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>分爲<span class="zhuanming">空無邊處地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">識無邊處地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無所有處地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">非想非非想處地</span>。　三十四心：即三十四心斷結成道。以三十四種刹那之心（八忍﹑八智﹑九無礙﹑九解脱），斷盡煩惱而成就佛道。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#303" id="316">〔九〕</a>期：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>作「斯」，應據改。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">中庸</span>：「今夫天，斯昭昭之多，及其無窮也，日月星辰繫焉，萬物覆焉；今夫地，一撮土之多，及其廣厚，載<span class="zhuanming">華嶽</span>而不重，振河海而不洩，萬物載焉；今夫山，一卷石之多，及其廣大，草木生之，禽獸居之，寶藏興焉；今夫水，一勺之多，及其不測，黿鼉鮫龍魚鱉生焉，貨財殖焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#304" id="317">〔一○〕</a>大士：菩薩的通稱。<span class="zhuanming">湛然</span><span class="shuming">法華文句記</span>卷二：「大士者，<span class="shuming">大論</span>稱菩薩爲大士，亦曰開士。」　<span class="zhuanming">普賢</span>願：<span class="zhuanming">普賢</span>十願。<span class="zhuanming">普賢菩薩</span>爲成就佛的功德，從事修行和度化衆生所發的十個誓願。據<span class="shuming">大方廣佛華嚴經</span><span class="shuming">入不思議解脱境界普賢行願品</span>，十願爲：禮敬諸佛﹑稱讚<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>﹑廣修供養﹑懺悔業障﹑隨喜功德﹑請轉法輪﹑請佛住世﹑常隨佛學﹑恒順衆生﹑普皆迴向。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#305" id="318">〔一一〕</a>丈六：謂一丈六尺的佛身。<span class="shuming">方廣大莊嚴經</span>卷一二：「時<span class="zhuanming">頻婆娑羅王</span>久聞菩薩得成佛道，巨身丈六，紫磨金色，三十二相，八十種好，十號具足，已得知見，成就五眼，證獲六通，<span class="zhuanming">梵釋</span>四王，皆悉奉事。」<span class="shuming">薩婆多毗尼毗婆沙</span>卷九：「云佛衣量，佛身丈六，常人半之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#306" id="319">〔一二〕</a>該：包括。　報體：衆生的身體。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#307" id="320">〔一三〕</a>等正覺：音譯「阿耨多羅三藐三菩提」，即無上正等正覺，是佛所證得的覺悟。於一切覺悟中最上<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00057','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P57</span></i>最尊。成等正覺，即成佛。</span> </p><p> <span>悲夫！苦海混淪<a class="zhuhao" href="#326" id="321">〔一〕</a>，瀑流洄澓。疇先觸涯俟濟，吾必津之以道焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">疇，誰也。涯，岸也。俟，待也。濟，度也。津，濟也。誰先觸涯岸求渡苦海者，吾當濟之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【洄】音回，逆流曰洄。【澓】音伏，回流也。【疇】直由切，誰也。【觸】突也。</span> <span>由是四顧躊躇，經三七日，乃朝步造乎<span class="zhuanming">施鹿林</span>。<span class="zhuanming">施鹿林</span>者，古佛前化，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">林在<span class="zhuanming">波羅奈國</span>。昔王有千鹿，將盡殺之。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>俱爲鹿王，各領五百。遂告王曰：「許日供一鹿。」供次者身有孕，鹿王乃代往。王感其仁慈，遂盡免其鹿。即以此園施鹿，遂號<span class="zhuanming">施鹿園</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#327" id="322">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【躊躇】上音紬，下音除，猶豫不前者也。【朝步】早朝也。【造】七到切，至也。</span> <span>今獲五人於此地，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即五俱倫也。一者<span class="zhuanming">憍陳如</span>，二者<span class="zhuanming">十力迦葉</span>，三<span class="zhuanming">頞鞞</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">馬勝</span>也，四者<span class="zhuanming">跋提</span>，五者<span class="zhuanming">摩訶男</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【憍陳如】此云<span class="zhuanming">火器</span>。【頞】音遏。【鞞】部止切。</span> <span>符其往事矣。殆微言三轉，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂見道﹑脩道﹑無學道。三轉法輪，唯大器前悟也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【殆】近也。【三轉】去呼，動也，運也。</span> <span>餘則末吾知也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">殆，及也。末，莫也。雖云初談四諦，而其閒悟入不同。</span> <span>是時地祇興聲，百神咸和，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【和】去聲，相應。</span> <span>上暢于九天，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">六<a class="zhuhao" href="#328" id="323">〔三〕</a>天</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">初禪三天</span>，共九天。有耳識也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【六天】應云<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>。</span> <span>下徧于黄輿，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">黄輿，地也。<span class="shuming">淮南子</span>云：「地形如車輿。」</span> <span>旁流于八方。人天交慶，日月貞照。莫不踊躍，莫不抃呼<a class="zhuhao" href="#329" id="324">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【踊躍】跳進。【抃】音卞，拍手也。</span> <span>群靈熙熙于胥樂乎，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">熙熙，和也。胥，相也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【熙】許其切，悦也。<span class="shuming">老子</span>曰：衆人熙熙，如登春臺也。【于胥】上於也，下偕也。</span> <span>萬聖樂<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00058','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P58</span></i>推以<span class="zhuanming">大覺</span>爲法王者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#330" id="325">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【樂推】願舉也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#321" id="326">〔一〕</a>苦海：即三界。佛教認爲三界迷苦猶如大海，没有邊際，故稱苦海。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#322" id="327">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>：音譯<span class="zhuanming">多陀阿伽陀</span>等，佛的稱號之一。「如」爲如實，即「真如」，是佛教的「絶對真理」。「如來」意謂乘如實道而成正覺，也就是遵循真如達到成佛的覺悟。　<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">提婆達兜</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">地婆達多</span>」等，或作「<span class="zhuanming">調達</span>」，略稱「<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">達多</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">天授</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">天與</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>的堂弟，爲犯五逆罪﹑破壞僧團﹑與<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>敵對之惡比丘。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷六<span class="shuming">室羅伐悉底國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">提婆達多</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">天授</span>，<span class="zhuanming">斛飯王</span>之子也。」　<span class="zhuanming">施鹿園</span>：又名「<span class="zhuanming">鹿野苑</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">施鹿林</span>」等，在<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">波羅奈國</span>，<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>覺悟成佛後最初説法的地方。<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論</span>卷一八三：「問：何故名<span class="zhuanming">施鹿林</span>？答：恒有諸鹿游止此林，故名<span class="zhuanming">鹿林</span>。昔有國王，名<span class="zhuanming">梵達多</span>，以此林施與群鹿，故名<span class="zhuanming">施鹿林</span>。」<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷七<span class="shuming">婆羅痆斯國</span>：「昔於此處大林之中，有兩群鹿，各五百餘。時此國王畋遊原澤，菩薩鹿王前請王曰：『大王校獵中原，縱燎飛矢，凡我徒屬，命盡兹晨，不日腐臭，無所充饍，願欲次差，日輸一鹿。王有割鮮之饍，我延旦夕之命。』王善其言，迴駕而返。兩群之鹿，更次輸命。<span class="zhuanming">提婆</span>群中有懷孕鹿，次當就死，白其王曰：『身雖應死，子未次也。』鹿王怒曰：『誰不寶命。』雌鹿歎曰：『吾王不仁，死無日矣。』乃告急菩薩鹿王。鹿王曰：『悲哉！慈母之心，恩及未形之子。吾今代汝。』遂至王門。道路之人傳聲唱曰：『彼大鹿王今來入邑。』都人士庶莫不馳觀。王聞之也，以爲不誠，門者白王，王乃信然。曰：『鹿王何遽來耶？』鹿曰：『有雌鹿當死，胎子未産，心不能忍，敢以身代。』王聞，歎曰：『我人身，鹿也。爾鹿身，人也。』於是悉放諸鹿，不復輸命，即以其林爲諸鹿藪，因而謂之<span class="zhuanming">施鹿林</span>焉。<span class="zhuanming">鹿野</span>之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00059','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P59</span></i>號，自此而興。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#323" id="328">〔三〕</a>六：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「云」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#324" id="329">〔四〕</a>人天：人類和天類。<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷一三<span class="zhuanming">郗超</span><span class="shuming">奉法要</span>：「凡在有方之境，總謂三界。三界之内，凡有五道。一曰天，二曰人，三曰畜生，四曰餓鬼，五曰地獄。全五戒則人相備，具十善則生天堂。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#325" id="330">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大覺</span>：即佛。凡夫無覺悟，聲聞﹑緣覺﹑菩薩雖有覺悟但不大，祇有佛徹底覺悟宇宙人生的真理，所以稱爲<span class="zhuanming">大覺</span>。　法王：指<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經</span>卷六<span class="shuming">藥王菩薩本事品</span>：「如佛爲諸法王。」<span class="zhuanming">道宣</span><span class="shuming">釋迦方志</span>卷上：「凡人極位，名曰輪王；聖人極位，名曰法王。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>時，西極之國有化人來。入水火，貫金石。返山川，移城邑。乘虚不墜，觸實不礙。千變萬化，不可窮極。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">當<span class="zhuanming">周穆王</span>時，已有化人來至，但群生感應未興故也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【穆王時】此是<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">周穆王</span>篇名。【貫】穿也。</span> <span>既以變物之形，又且易人之慮。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既能現神通，又能化人心慮也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>敬之若神，事之若君。化人無何，謁王同遊。王執化人之袪，騰而上者中天乃止。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謁，請也。袪，衣袖。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【謁】請也。【袪】音區，衣裾也。</span> <span>乃暨化人之宫，搆以金銀，絡以珠玉。出雲雨之上，而不知下之所據，望之若屯雲焉。王自以爲居，數千年不思其國。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">王居化境，不思返國。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【數千年】<span class="shuming">列子</span>云十年。</span> <span>化人復謁王同遊。所返之處，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【所及】下是及字。化人所及之處，乃無爲之鄉也。</span> <span>仰不見日月，俯不見河海。光彩所照，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00060','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P60</span></i>目眩不能得視。音響所來，耳亂不能得聽。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃化人與<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>遊入諸佛浄土也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【眩】音縣，視不明也，目不常主也。</span> <span>王請化人求還，化人移之，王若墜虚焉。既悟，所坐猶向者之處。王問所從來，左右曰：「王默存耳。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">左右見王默坐，而王與化人神遊浄土耳。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【默】静也。</span> <span>王自三月不復更問化人。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不復】<span class="shuming">列子</span>云：而復問於化人。</span> <span>化人曰：「吾與王神遊也，形奚動哉？且曩之所居，奚異王之宫？曩之所遊，何異王之囿？」王大悦<a class="zhuhao" href="#333" id="331">〔一〕</a>。竊思被所遇者，佛矣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>在世，雖聲教未被於此，而佛亦曾來矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【奚】何也。【曩】昔也。【囿】音又，郊外養獸之處。【被】應之被所遇者。</span> <span>而未悟是佛也，惜哉，胡獲焉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【惜】痛也。【胡獲】不分别義，雖遇何得？</span> <span><span class="shuming">君陳</span>曰：「凡人未見聖，若不克見。既見聖，亦不克由聖。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#334" id="332">〔二〕</a>誠在此矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃<span class="shuming">周書</span>之文。<span class="zhuanming">孔氏</span>注云：「凡人有初無終，未見聖道，如不能得見。已見聖道，亦不能用之，所以無成也。」今<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>見聖而不能求趣聖，信爲惜哉！<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【君陳曰】<span class="shuming">尚書</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">周公</span>既没，命<span class="zhuanming">君陳</span>分正東郊<span class="zhuanming">成周</span>。<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">君陳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>公子也。【克】能也。【由】用也。【誠】成也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#331" id="333">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">周穆王</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周穆王</span>時，西極之國有化人來，入水火，貫金石；反山川，移城邑；乘虚不墜，觸實不硋。千變萬化，不可窮極。既已變物之形，又且易人之慮。<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>敬之若神，事之若君。推路寢以居之，引三牲以進之，選女樂以娱之。化人以爲王之宫室卑陋而不可處，王之廚饌腥螻而不可饗，王之嬪御膻惡而不可親。<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>乃爲之改築。土木之功，赭堊之色，無遺巧焉。五府爲虚，而臺始<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00061','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P61</span></i>成。其高千仞，臨<span class="zhuanming">終南</span>之上，號曰<span class="zhuanming">中天之臺</span>。簡<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span><span class="zhuanming">衛</span>之處子娥媌靡曼者，施芳澤，正蛾眉，設笄珥，衣<span class="zhuanming">阿</span>錫，曳<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>紈，粉白黛黑，佩玉環。雜芷若以滿之，奏<span class="shuming">承雲</span>﹑<span class="shuming">六瑩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">九韶</span>﹑<span class="shuming">晨露</span>以樂之。日月獻玉衣，旦旦薦玉食。化人猶不舍然，不得已而臨之。居亡幾何，謁王同遊。王執化人之袪，騰而上者，中天迺止。暨及化人之宫。化人之宫構以金銀，絡以珠玉；出雲雨之上，而不知下之據，望之若屯雲焉。耳目所觀聽，鼻口所納嘗，皆非人間之有。王實以爲清都﹑紫微﹑鈞天﹑廣樂，帝之所居。王俯而視之，其宫榭若累塊積蘇焉。王自以居數十年不思其國也。化人復謁王同遊，所及之處，仰不見日月，俯不見河海。光影所照，王目眩不能得視；音響所來，王耳亂不能得聽。百骸六藏，悸而不凝。意迷精喪，請化人求還。化人移之，王若殞虚焉。既寤，所坐猶嚮者之處，侍御猶嚮者之人。視其前，則酒未清，肴未昲。王問所從來，左右曰：『王默存耳。』由此<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>自失者三月而復。更問化人。化人曰：『吾與王神遊也，形奚動哉？且曩之所居，奚異王之宫？曩之所遊，奚異王之圃？王閑恒有，疑蹔亡。變化之極，徐疾之間，可盡模哉？』王大悦。不恤國事，不樂臣妾，肆意遠遊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#332" id="334">〔二〕</a>出<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">君陳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>其菩提樹凝陰厚也，金剛座無傾動也<a class="zhuhao" href="#337" id="335">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">在<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陁國</span><span class="zhuanming">伽耶山</span>西南十四五里，即畢鉢羅樹也。莖幹黄白，枝葉青翠。冬夏不凋，光鮮無變，高數百尺，金剛座居其下。菩薩證聖之所，亦曰道場。大地震動，獨無傾摇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伽耶】此云象頭。</span> <span>樹爲座之表，居其座則蔭其樹，樹宜「勿翦勿<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00062','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P62</span></i>伐」之美也，座當「不騫不崩」之固也<a class="zhuhao" href="#338" id="336">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆<span class="zhuanming">邵伯</span>之詩也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蔭】於禁切。【勿翦勿伐】<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：「蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿伐。」<span class="zhuanming">邵伯</span>所翦截也。斬木曰伐。【不騫不崩】上虧少也；下毁壞也。</span> <span>聖人之道成而德重天下，其不在兹，餘所弗堪也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">宜存其舊物，以表聖跡也。</span> <span>故外國先王䤿石爲像，南北標志，以觀遺化也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">䤿，刻也。於金剛座菩提樹下刻二大石菩薩。後世佛法若減，菩薩没地。<span class="zhuanming">奘公</span>去日，已至胸也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【䤿】苦結切，刻也。有使鍥字，悮。【標】舉也。【志】記也。【若減】應云滅也。【奘公】三藏名也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#335" id="337">〔一〕</a>菩提樹：音譯「畢鉢羅樹」，略稱「畢鉢樹」，爲産於<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>的常緑喬木。佛經載<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>於此樹下成道。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷八<span class="shuming">摩揭陁國上</span>：「金剛座上有菩提樹者，即畢鉢羅樹也。昔佛在世，高數百尺，屢經殘伐，猶高四五丈。佛坐其下，成等正覺，因而謂之菩提樹焉。莖幹黄白，枝葉青翠，冬夏不凋，光鮮無變。每至<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃之日，葉皆凋落，頃之復故。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#336" id="338">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">召南</span><span class="shuming">甘棠</span>：「蔽芾甘棠，勿剪勿伐，<span class="zhuanming">召伯</span>所茇。」<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小雅</span><span class="shuming">天保</span>：「如南山之壽，不騫不崩。」騫：虧損。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>生于<span class="zhuanming">定王</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">老子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">周定王</span>三年九月十四日生于<span class="zhuanming">楚國</span><span class="zhuanming">陳郡</span><span class="zhuanming">賴鄉曲仁里</span>。姓<span class="zhuanming">李</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">耳</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>，謚<span class="zhuanming">聃</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>生於<span class="zhuanming">魯襄</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以<span class="zhuanming">魯襄公</span>二十一年冬生于<span class="zhuanming">魯國</span><span class="zhuanming">平鄉</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>默識於<span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>問禮於<span class="zhuanming">伯陽</span>。<span class="shuming">清浄法行經</span>以<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">儒童菩薩</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#343" id="339">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【清浄法行】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">顯慶</span><span class="shuming">經録</span>有名，今藏内無文。</span> <span><span class="shuming">西昇經</span>云：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">道經也。</span> <span>「吾師化遊<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，善入泥洹。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>默識<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00063','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P63</span></i><span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泥洹】古譯泥洹，或云滅度，今云涅盤，此云圓寂。</span> <span>斯守雌保弱之道也，不敢爲天下先之訓也<a class="zhuhao" href="#344" id="340">〔二〕</a>。」<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>之德，全於是乎。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云「無競維烈」，<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>有焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此<span class="shuming">毛詩</span><span class="shuming">清廟</span>之什。競，强也。無競，競也。此詩美<span class="zhuanming">武王</span>有伐<span class="zhuanming">紂</span>之功。烈，業也。能强其功業，如<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>有道德，不爲天下先也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【競】强也。【烈】功業也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">符子</span>云「<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>之師名<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#345" id="341">〔三〕</a>」，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">符朗</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">元達</span>，<span class="zhuanming">符堅</span>從弟，爲<span class="zhuanming">青州</span>牧，爲<span class="zhuanming">謝玄</span>所降。歸<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>後爲<span class="zhuanming">王國寶</span>譖而殺之。有識度，善别味。著書數篇，號<span class="shuming">符子</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#346" id="342">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>此或追<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>之言也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#339" id="343">〔一〕</a><span class="shuming">清浄法行經</span>：全一卷，今已不傳。據傳，本經以<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>及<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>等所應化之説而著名。　<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>：<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>。佛十大弟子中，頭陀第一。<span class="shuming">增一阿含經</span>卷三：「十二頭陀難得之行，所謂<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>比丘是。」　<span class="zhuanming">儒童</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋尊</span>往昔爲菩薩供養<span class="zhuanming">燃燈佛</span>時之名。<span class="shuming">海録碎事</span>卷一三上引<span class="shuming">清浄法行經</span>：「佛遣三弟子<span class="zhuanming">震旦</span>教化，<span class="zhuanming">儒童菩薩</span>，彼稱<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>。<span class="zhuanming">浄光菩薩</span>，彼稱<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>。<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，彼稱<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#340" id="344">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">西昇經</span>：道教經典，全稱<span class="shuming">老子西昇經</span>，作者和成書年代不詳，首稱：「<span class="zhuanming">老君</span>西昇，開道<span class="zhuanming">竺乾</span>，號<span class="zhuanming">古先生</span>。」具有明顯的<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>化胡的崇道抑佛思想。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#341" id="345">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">釋迦文</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>。<span class="zhuanming">支謙</span>譯<span class="shuming">佛説太子瑞應本起經</span>卷上：「汝自是後，九十一劫，劫號爲賢，汝當作佛，名<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文</span>。<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>語『釋迦』爲『能』，『文』爲『儒』，義名『能儒』。」<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>一<span class="shuming">諸佛别名</span>第二：「<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文</span>，<span class="shuming">浄名疏</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>語『釋迦』爲『能』，『文』爲『儒』，義名『能儒』。<span class="shuming">大論</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文佛</span>，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00064','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P64</span></i>先世作瓦師，名<span class="zhuanming">大光明</span>。爾時有佛名<span class="zhuanming">釋迦文</span>，弟子名<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">目伽連</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，佛與弟子俱到瓦師舍一宿。爾時瓦師布施草座﹑燈明﹑石蜜漿，便發願言：我於當來作佛，如今佛名，弟子名字，亦如今佛。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#342" id="346">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">符朗</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">前秦</span><span class="zhuanming">氐</span>族人<span class="zhuanming">苻朗</span>。<span class="shuming">晉書</span>卷一一四：「<span class="zhuanming">苻朗</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">元達</span>，<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>之從兄子也。性宏達，神氣爽邁。幼懷遠操，不屑時榮。<span class="zhuanming">堅</span>嘗目之曰：『吾家千里駒也。』……著<span class="shuming">符子</span>數十篇行於世，亦<span class="zhuanming">老</span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>之流也。」<span class="shuming">苻子</span>原書早已亡佚，今有<span class="zhuanming">馬國翰</span><span class="shuming">玉函山房輯佚書</span>輯本﹑<span class="zhuanming">嚴可均</span><span class="shuming">全晉文</span>輯本。</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">商</span>太宰<span class="zhuanming">嚭</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">則<span class="zhuanming">吴</span>太宰<span class="zhuanming">伯嚭</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【嚭】匹鄙切。</span> <span>問於<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：「夫子聖者歟？」曰：「<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>博識强記，非聖人也。」「<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>聖者歟？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span><span class="zhuanming">文命</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">湯王</span><span class="zhuanming">履</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周武王</span><span class="zhuanming">發</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>也。</span> <span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>善用智勇。聖，非<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>所知。」「<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>聖者歟？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">少昊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">顓頊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">高辛</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>也。</span> <span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>善用仁信。聖，非<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>所知。」「<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>聖者歟？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">伏犧</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">黄帝</span>，謂之<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>也。</span> <span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>善用時政。聖，非<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>所知。」太宰大駭曰：「然則孰爲聖人乎？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">應言上古皆非聖者，太宰所以大驚也。</span> <span>夫子有閒動容而對曰：「西方有聖者焉，不治而不亂，不言而自信，不化而自行，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不以干戈刑憲而法界之内率服，得不治而不亂乎？不以號令誓約而龍天莫不圍繞，得非不言而自信乎？蠢識信向，物類知歸，得非不化而自行乎<a class="zhuhao" href="#350" id="347">〔一〕</a>？<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【間】中間少時也。【干戈】矛盾也。【蠢】出也，作也，動也。</span> <span>蕩蕩乎，人無能名焉。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#351" id="348">〔二〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以知西方有佛，故此答太宰也。<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00065','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P65</span></i><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕩】布德廣遠。</span> <span>是知儒道昭融<a class="zhuhao" href="#352" id="349">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【昭融】明朗。</span> <span>如日在天，而能謙虚若此，蓋<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>師之黨，潛化著矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黨】徒黨。<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>師之黨，指前<span class="shuming">清浄法行經</span>言也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#347" id="350">〔一〕</a>法界：佛教稱整個宇宙現象界爲「法界」。<span class="zhuanming">智顗</span><span class="shuming">摩訶止觀</span>卷三：「出法界外，何處更别有法？」　龍天：即天龍八部，佛教的護法神。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#348" id="351">〔二〕</a>蕩蕩：博大貌。<span class="shuming">列子</span><span class="shuming">仲尼</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">商</span>太宰見<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>聖者歟？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『聖則<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>何敢，然則<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>博學多識者也。』<span class="zhuanming">商</span>太宰曰：『<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>聖者歟？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">三王</span>善任智勇者，聖則<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>弗知。』曰：『<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>聖者歟？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">五帝</span>善任仁義者，聖則<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>弗知。』曰：『<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>聖者歟？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『<span class="zhuanming">三皇</span>善任因時者，聖則<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>弗知。』<span class="zhuanming">商</span>太宰大駭，曰：『然則孰者爲聖？』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>動容有間，曰：『西方之人，有聖者焉，不治而不亂，不言而自信，不化而自行，蕩蕩乎民無能名焉。<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>疑其爲聖。弗知真爲聖歟？真不聖歟？』<span class="zhuanming">商</span>太宰嘿然心計曰：『<span class="zhuanming">孔丘</span>欺我哉！』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#349" id="352">〔三〕</a>昭融：謂光大發揚。語出<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">大雅</span><span class="shuming">既醉</span>：「昭明有融，高朗令終。」</span> </p><p> <span>三教玄同，彝倫克諧<a class="zhuhao" href="#367" id="353">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諧】和也，調也。</span> <span>但法被乎多方，經籍出乎多門。<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>宗以因果，<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>以虚無，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以禮樂，沿淺以洎深，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沿】音緣，從流而下。</span> <span>籍微而爲著。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【籍】假也。【著】顯也。</span> <span>各適當時之器，相資爲美<a class="zhuhao" href="#368" id="354">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【適】音釋，善也，悟也。</span> <span>其猶天地四時不以麰薺故不春，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">麰，大麥也。薺，甘菜也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【麰】莫侯切，春麥也。【薺】甘菜。</span> <span>菱苕故不秋。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">菱﹑苕，草屬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【菱】音陵，角菱也。【苕】音迢，花名也。【草属】芰菓属也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00066','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P66</span></i> <span>故儒教漸至也，<span class="zhuanming">殷湯</span>改祝，<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>釣不網。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">桀</span>君無道，置網祝曰：「從天地四方來者，皆入吾此網。」<span class="zhuanming">殷湯</span>除其三面，唯開一面，改祝曰：「請負命者投吾此網。」<span class="shuming">論語</span>云：「子釣而不網。」但以一釣取之，雖殺不多。此皆儒教漸行不殺之文也<a class="zhuhao" href="#369" id="355">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祝】願辭。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>教中至也，一曰慈﹑二曰儉﹑三曰不敢爲天下先。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此道教謂之三寶也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教極至也，自鳥獸蒭土，違而必懲<a class="zhuhao" href="#370" id="356">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">律文之誡也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【獸蒭】刈草。【違】犯也，逆也。【懲】音澄，戒也，止也。</span> <span>如有用<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教者，使人居乎漏盡<a class="zhuhao" href="#371" id="357">〔五〕</a>。如有用<span class="zhuanming">老</span>教者，使民至於沖和<a class="zhuhao" href="#372" id="358">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【沖】直中切，深也，虚也。</span> <span>如有用<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>教者，使民登乎仁壽。是以<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>生于盛王。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">周昭</span>之代。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">五天</span>之人，千乘之邑，百乘之君，階于聖智者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">千乘之邑﹑百乘之君，謂<span class="zhuanming">浄飯王</span>之諸侯也。以佛生之世國，皆證果齊聖者也<a class="zhuhao" href="#373" id="359">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【千乘】車乘也。千乘之國，八大國。百乘之家，七十二小國也。【邑】<span class="shuming">周禮</span>曰：「四井爲邑。」邑字悮，宜應國字。</span> <span>二教生乎衰世，而大道躓于陵夷<a class="zhuhao" href="#374" id="360">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">周</span>第十二主<span class="zhuanming">幽王</span>寵<span class="zhuanming">褒姒</span>失御天下，<span class="zhuanming">平王</span>遷都<span class="zhuanming">洛邑</span>，諸侯專征，禮樂崩壞，謂之衰<span class="zhuanming">周</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【躓】智利切，礙也，頓也。【陵夷】上追也，下平也。言高陵爲谷也。【寵】愛也。【褒姒】音似，<span class="zhuanming">周幽王</span>夫人也。</span> <span>故<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>潛其龍德，隱於柱下。紫氣浮<span class="zhuanming">關</span>，邁于<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#375" id="361">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">老子</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">周</span>柱下史，見<span class="zhuanming">周</span>德凌遲，遂出<span class="zhuanming">關</span>往<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>。因爲關令<span class="zhuanming">尹喜</span>説<span class="shuming">道</span><span class="shuming">德</span>二篇也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【凌遲】墜而不興也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>祖述<span class="zhuanming">堯</span><span class="zhuanming">舜</span>，憲章<span class="zhuanming">文</span><span class="zhuanming">武</span>，自<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>返<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>而脩<span class="shuming">春秋</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#376" id="362">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祖】尊也。【憲章】法明。</span> <span>感其靈應，反袂拭面，稱吾道窮，皆非其志也<a class="zhuhao" href="#377" id="363">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>以<span class="zhuanming">魯哀公</span>十一年自<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>返<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，十四年西狩獲麟而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00067','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P67</span></i>修<span class="shuming">春秋</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【袂】袖也。【拭】擦泪也。【狩】音獸，冬獵也。【麟】仁獸。</span> <span>而知道者<span class="zhuanming">關尹</span>也，知儒道者<span class="zhuanming">顔回</span>也，行二教者百王也。<span class="zhuanming">老氏</span>爲高仙，<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>爲素王<a class="zhuhao" href="#378" id="364">〔一二〕</a>。聖謀洋洋<a class="zhuhao" href="#379" id="365">〔一三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聖謀】或謨典聖也。</span> <span>與天地而無窮者也。時有愠見者曰：</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃假賓主問。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愠】於問切。<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>在<span class="zhuanming">陳</span>絶粮，<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>愠見曰。</span> <span>「若不貶二教已甚矣，而胡德之歟？」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">胡，何也。乃可教而何德之有？</span> <span>余謂彼不知矛楯者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">昔有賣矛楯者，雙誇其功。言楯則矛刺不入，言矛則能穿十楯。或云：「賣汝矛而穿汝楯，如何？」彼無詞矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#380" id="366">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span>吾經以二士爲至化，今鄙之</span> <span class="font12 zhu">爲<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">儒童</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>也。</span> <span>則何反其義哉？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#353" id="367">〔一〕</a>玄同：相一致。　彝倫：常理。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">洪範</span>：「王乃言曰：『嗚呼，<span class="zhuanming">箕子</span>！惟天陰騭下民，相協厥居，我不知其彝倫攸叙。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#354" id="368">〔二〕</a>適：切合。　資：凭借。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#355" id="369">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">殷本紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>出，見野張網四面，祝曰：『自天下四方，皆入吾網。』<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>曰：『嘻，盡之矣！』乃去其三面，祝曰：『欲左，左。欲右，右。不用命，乃入吾網。』諸侯聞之，曰：『<span class="zhuanming">湯</span>德至矣，及禽獸。』」<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">述而</span>：「子釣而不網，弋不射宿。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#356" id="370">〔四〕</a>蒭：喂牲畜的草。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#357" id="371">〔五〕</a>漏：煩惱。有煩惱之法，或爲增長煩惱緣之法，謂之有漏。到達三乘之極果，以聖智斷盡此煩惱，謂之漏盡。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷三：「三界中三種漏已盡無餘，故言漏盡也。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00068','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P68</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#358" id="372">〔六〕</a>沖和：指真氣﹑元氣，語本<span class="shuming">老子</span>：「沖氣以爲和。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#359" id="373">〔七〕</a>證果：證得佛教的果位。即以正智契合真理，進入佛﹑菩薩﹑聲聞﹑緣覺等果位。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#360" id="374">〔八〕</a>躓：阻礙。　陵夷：衰頽，衰落。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">成帝紀</span>：「帝王之道日以陵夷。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「陵，丘陵也；夷，平也。言其頽替若丘陵之漸平也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#361" id="375">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>：指我國西北部及<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>地區的沙漠地帶。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">禹貢</span>：「東漸于海，西被于<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>疏：「<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>當是西境最遠者也。而<span class="shuming">地理志</span>以<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">張掖</span><span class="zhuanming">居延澤</span>是也。」<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">離騷</span>：「忽吾行此<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>兮，遵<span class="zhuanming">赤水</span>而容與。」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「<span class="zhuanming">流沙</span>，沙流如水也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#362" id="376">〔一○〕</a><span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">子罕</span>：「子曰：『吾自<span class="zhuanming">衛</span>反<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，然後樂正，<span class="shuming">雅</span>﹑<span class="shuming">頌</span>各得其所。』」<span class="shuming">史記</span><span class="shuming">孔子世家</span>：「子曰：『弗乎弗乎，君子病没世而名不稱焉。吾道不行矣，吾何以自見於後世哉？』乃因史記作<span class="shuming">春秋</span>，上至<span class="zhuanming">隱公</span>，下訖<span class="zhuanming">哀公</span>十四年，十二公。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#363" id="377">〔一一〕</a><span class="shuming">公羊傳</span><span class="shuming">哀公十四年</span>：「春，西狩獲麟。何以書？記異也。何異爾？非中國之獸也。然則孰狩之？薪采者也。薪采者則微者也，曷爲以狩言之？大之也。曷爲大之？爲獲麟大之也。曷爲獲麟大之？麟者，仁獸也。有王者則至，無王者則不至。有以告者曰：『有麕而角者。』<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『孰爲來哉！孰爲來哉！』反袂拭面，涕沾袍。<span class="zhuanming">顔淵</span>死，子曰：『噫！天喪予。』<span class="zhuanming">子路</span>死，子曰：『噫！天祝予。』西狩獲麟，<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>曰：『吾道窮矣。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#364" id="378">〔一二〕</a>素王：指具有帝王之德而未居帝王之位者。<span class="zhuanming">王充</span><span class="shuming">論衡</span>卷二七<span class="shuming">定賢</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>不王，素王之業在於<span class="shuming">春秋</span>。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00069','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P69</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#365" id="379">〔一三〕</a>洋洋：衆多貌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#366" id="380">〔一四〕</a><span class="shuming">韓非子</span><span class="shuming">難一</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>人有鬻楯與矛者，譽之曰：『吾楯之堅，物莫能陷也。』又譽其矛曰：『吾矛之利，於物無不陷也。』或曰：『以子之矛陷子之楯，何如？』其人弗能應也。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>五十二年壬申二月十五日，<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>示滅焉。是日也，黑雲四起，大風動地。西方有白虹十二道，南北通貫，連夜不滅。王問太史<span class="zhuanming">扈多</span>，<span class="zhuanming">扈多</span>曰：「西方有大聖人滅，是其衰相耳<a class="zhuhao" href="#384" id="381">〔一〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【扈】姓也。</span> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>聞西方有聖人，又亟覩光氣，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">亟，數也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【亟】去吏切，頻數也。</span> <span>慮非<span class="zhuanming">周</span>道所宜，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">慮其聖人來侵土境也。</span> <span>命<span class="zhuanming">吕侯</span>會諸侯於<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#385" id="382">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">會稽</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴</span><span class="zhuanming">越</span>分野。<span class="zhuanming">吕侯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吕級</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【會稽】上音檜，下音鷄，山名。【吕級】前<span class="zhuanming">甫</span>刑，注是級字也。</span> <span>以備其變。至是靡不大啓沃也<a class="zhuhao" href="#386" id="383">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今聞西方聖人滅，無不慶悦也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【啓沃】<span class="shuming">説命</span>曰：「啓乃心沃。」注云：當開汝心所有，以灌沃我心，欲令以彼所見，教己未知也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#381" id="384">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">智昇</span><span class="shuming">續集古今佛道論衡</span>引<span class="shuming">周書異記</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">周穆王</span>即位五十二年壬申歲二月十五日，平旦暴風忽起，廢損人舍，傷折樹木。山<span class="zhuanming">川</span>大地，皆悉震動。午後天陰黑，西方有白虹作十二道南北通過，連夜不滅。<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>問太史<span class="zhuanming">扈多</span>曰：是何徵也？<span class="zhuanming">扈多</span>對曰：西方有聖人滅度，衰相現也。<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>大悦，曰：朕常懼於彼，今將滅度，朕何憂也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#382" id="385">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">太平御覽</span>卷八五引<span class="shuming">帝王世紀</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">穆王</span>修德教，會諸侯於<span class="zhuanming">塗山</span>。命<span class="zhuanming">吕侯</span>爲相，或謂之<span class="zhuanming">甫侯</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#383" id="386">〔三〕</a>啓沃：謂竭誠開導﹑輔佐君王。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">説命上</span>：「啓乃心，沃朕心。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「當開汝心所有，以灌沃<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00070','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P70</span></i>我心，欲令以彼所見，教己未知故也。」</span> </p><p> <span>昔<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>顧託<span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>法藏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>則<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>姓，受<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>之顧命也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【顧託】<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>垂顧後命，以法藏託付<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>也。</span> <span>事畢，詣于<span class="zhuanming">雙林</span>道場。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">俱尸那城</span><span class="zhuanming">跋提河</span>畔也<a class="zhuhao" href="#397" id="387">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【俱尸那】具云<span class="zhuanming">俱尸那揭羅</span>者，属<span class="zhuanming">中印土</span>也。【跋提河】具云<span class="zhuanming">尸羅那伐底河</span>，譯云<span class="zhuanming">有金河</span>。</span> <span>末命七寶床上，北首而卧，於静夜中寂然無聲，<span class="zhuanming">正遍知</span>月隱于<span class="zhuanming">大涅槃山</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#398" id="388">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛身喻月，圓寂喻山。</span> <span>萬彙號慟，泉填岳墜。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【彙】音胃，類也。【號】音豪，大呼曰號。【慟】哀而過禮。【填】音田，塞也。【岳墜】山崩者也。</span> <span>惡星驟墮，諸河返流。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>心没憂海，<span class="zhuanming">羅睺羅</span>但觀無常<a class="zhuhao" href="#399" id="389">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【驟】奔也。【返】逆也。【阿難】此云<span class="zhuanming">慶喜</span>，是佛弟子。【羅睺羅】此云<span class="zhuanming">執日</span>，是佛子也。</span> <span>有學無學，愴然悠逝。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【愴】音創，悽愴。【悠逝】長往不還也。</span> <span>諸天稱曰「苦哉」。其娑羅林，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云娑羅，此云堅固，<span class="zhuanming">凌</span>冬不凋也。</span> <span>四雙八隻，合爲二樹<a class="zhuhao" href="#400" id="390">〔四〕</a>。垂條下掩，離離皓素，如白鶴色，以是謂之鶴樹也<a class="zhuhao" href="#401" id="391">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【離離】葉落稀疏皃。又，明也。</span> <span>勁葉含霜，凌冬不凋，故謂之堅固林也<a class="zhuhao" href="#402" id="392">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【勁】居正切，捷也。</span> <span>初<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>將復乎無爲，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">則未滅前。</span> <span>發<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>至于南河岸上。履大方石，顧<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>曰：「此吾最後望金剛座及<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>所留之跡也<a class="zhuhao" href="#403" id="393">〔七〕</a>。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>南<span class="zhuanming">中天竺</span>界七百里，賢聖於中結集處，即<span class="zhuanming">毗耶離國</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【在恒河南】<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>在<span class="zhuanming">恒河</span>北，如餘處辯。【七百󲳴<a class="zhuhao" href="#404" id="394">〔八〕</a>賢聖】應云七百󲳴賢於中結集，󲳴字剩也<a class="zhuhao" href="#405" id="395">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span>故今石上，有佛雙趾。長尺有咫，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一尺八寸也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【趾】足<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00071','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P71</span></i>也。【咫】音帋，八寸曰咫。</span> <span>廣三之一。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">闊六寸也。</span> <span>下有千輻輪相<a class="zhuhao" href="#406" id="396">〔一○〕</a>，指端萬字﹑花文及瓶魚等，光爛爛焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至今石上有此文見。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爛】明也。</span> <span>自古邪徒毁而還復原，兹聖人寄跡以表教，教存而跡不亡。觀者泣其依然，則長想之懷有在矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#387" id="397">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">俱尸那城</span>：<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>涅槃處。　<span class="zhuanming">跋提河</span>：<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅國</span>境内<span class="zhuanming">阿利羅跋提河</span>（<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>作「<span class="zhuanming">阿恃多伐底河</span>」）的省稱。<span class="zhuanming">釋尊</span>於此河西岸涅槃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#388" id="398">〔二〕</a>七寶：七種寶物。具體名稱，諸經中説法不一。如<span class="shuming">法華經</span>以金﹑銀﹑琉璃﹑硨磲﹑碼碯﹑真珠﹑玫瑰爲七寶；<span class="shuming">無量壽經</span>以金﹑銀﹑琉璃﹑珊瑚﹑琥珀﹑硨磲﹑瑪瑙爲七寶。　<span class="zhuanming">正遍知</span>：佛的十號之一，音譯「三藐三菩提」，意譯「正等正覺者」，意味<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>是具足正等正覺的覺者。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#389" id="399">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">阿難陀</span>，<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>人，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>的堂弟，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>十大弟子中「多聞第一」，傳説佛經第一次結集時的主誦人。其聽到<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>涅槃時至，「身心戰動，情識恾然。悲哽喑咽，深没憂海。舉體迷夢，混亂濁心，投<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>前，猶如死人」（見<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>後分卷上<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經遺教品</span>）。　<span class="zhuanming">羅睺羅</span>：意譯<span class="zhuanming">覆障</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">障月</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼佛</span>的獨生子，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>十大弟子中「密行第一」。　無常：佛教認爲世間一切事物不能常住，而處於生死變遷之中，稱爲無常。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#390" id="400">〔四〕</a>二樹：娑羅雙樹。<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>於娑羅雙樹間涅槃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#391" id="401">〔五〕</a>鶴樹：佛於娑羅雙樹間入滅時，林色變白，如白鶴之群棲，故稱。<span class="shuming">藝文類聚</span>卷七七<span class="shuming">内典下</span>引<span class="zhuanming">王融</span><span class="shuming">法門頌啓</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">鹿苑</span>金輪，弘汲引以濟俗；<span class="zhuanming">鶴林</span>雙樹，顯究竟以開氓。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00072','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P72</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#392" id="402">〔六〕</a>堅固林：娑羅樹林。娑羅，意譯「堅固」，<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷三謂此樹冬夏不凋而堅固，因以爲名。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>在<span class="zhuanming">拘尸那揭羅城</span><span class="zhuanming">跋提河</span>邊將入涅槃時，其卧牀四周各有同根娑羅樹一雙。此林即爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>涅槃之處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#393" id="403">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>：<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span>之都城，爲<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>傳教説法之重要地區。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#394" id="404">〔八〕</a>按：闕文底本爲空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#395" id="405">〔九〕</a>按：此句兩闕文，底本均爲空格。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#396" id="406">〔一○〕</a>千輻輪相：指具足千輻輪之妙相，此爲佛三十二相之一，即佛足下紋樣分明之千輻輪寶妙相。此相因佛於過去世爲父母﹑師長﹑善友乃至一切衆生往返奔走，作種種供養及佈施之事而感得。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>之二月，今十二月也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周朝</span>十一月建子之月爲歲首，則今十二月，乃是<span class="zhuanming">周</span>之二月也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【十一月】此三字剩，應云<span class="zhuanming">周朝</span>建子之月爲歲首。</span> <span>十五日，西土之晦也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">西國於一月三十日内，分前十五日爲白月，後十五日爲黑月。自月一日爲白月朔，十五日爲白月晦。自十六日爲黑月朔，盡日爲黑月晦也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【晦】荒内切，冥也，月盡也。【朔】所角切，月一日也。</span> <span>彼十二月，各以星名呼之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">正月利咀囉﹑二月吠舍佉﹑三月逝瑟吒﹑四月頞沙茶﹑五月室囉伐拏﹑六月波囉鉢陀﹑七月頞濕縛庾闍﹑八月迦剌底迦﹑九月伽始囉﹑十月報沙﹑十一月磨佉﹑十二月頗勒窶拏也。</span> <span>星始爲朔，星盡爲晦。故此十六日，當彼之朔也，合三十日成。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">前十五日白月，後十五日爲黑月也。</span> <span>半月前號黑，魄死。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂月初黑，景漸消也。</span> <span>後半月號白，明生也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂十六日，時月光正盛。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【號】胡到切，呼也。【魄】音拍，形<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00073','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P73</span></i>也，陰也。【死】死宜是生字，生宜是死字。</span> <span>分十二月爲三時，肇正月十六日至五月十五日爲熱際。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂夏正也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【肇】音趙，始也。【正】去呼，首也，始也；又，平呼，避<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>諱。</span> <span>自是十六日至九月十五日爲雨際，自是十六日至正月十五日爲寒際。涼暑之風，稍與此曆象會耳。古者<span class="zhuanming">三代</span>之正，有所取捨。<span class="zhuanming">夏后氏</span>尚黑，建寅爲正；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">夏禹</span>，<span class="zhuanming">姒</span>姓，名<span class="zhuanming">文命</span>。以天錫玄珪之瑞，以建寅之月爲歲首<a class="zhuhao" href="#416" id="407">〔一〕</a>，號人正。祭祀﹑旌旗﹑衣服皆尚黑，以平旦爲朔也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【天錫】上是<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>字，<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>賜也。【平旦】寅時。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人尚白，建丑爲正；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">殷湯</span>，<span class="zhuanming">子</span>姓，名<span class="zhuanming">履</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">天乙</span>。有白狼銜鉤之瑞，以建丑之月爲歲首，號地正。祭祀﹑旌旗﹑衣服皆尚白，以五更時爲朔也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【五更】雞鳴丑時。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">周</span>人尚赤，建子爲正。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>，<span class="zhuanming">姬</span>姓，名<span class="zhuanming">發</span>。有火流王屋之瑞，以建子之月爲歲首，號天正。祭祀﹑旌旗﹑衣服皆尚赤，以夜半爲朔也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夜半】子時。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>在乎<span class="zhuanming">周</span>年，故得以十一月言正，異乎今之世也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛既生<span class="zhuanming">周代</span>，凡經中所有年月，皆取<span class="zhuanming">周朝</span>正朔，與今建寅<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>正别也。</span> </p><p> <span>是月也，天地否閉<a class="zhuhao" href="#417" id="408">〔二〕</a>，龍蛇斯蟄。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【否】符鄙切，塞也。【蟄】直力切，藏也。</span> <span>微陽潛布於下泉，勾萌未達於上土。以兹生者，應氣運而來。以兹滅者，應代謝而去也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">北山和尚</span>以佛滅乃用<span class="zhuanming">周</span>正涅槃，與今之二月十五日涅槃别也。勾萌則物初生如鉤也。萌，生也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【微陽】潛龍勿用也。【勾萌】初生時其角若鉤。<span class="shuming">月令</span>云：「天地和同，草木萌動。」又云：「生氣方盛，陽氣發瀉。」</span> <span>夫居終而不能死者，非聖人也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人與物無滯。其生也示相同凡，其滅也示化歸真。雖現生<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00074','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P74</span></i>而無生，雖示滅而非滅也。</span> <span>既死而不能生者，非聖人也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此方緣盡，見化他方。非同小聖，灰身而已。故云常在<span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span>而實不滅度也。</span> <span>非死非生而能死生者，是謂大聖人也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本不屬於生死而示同生死，真大聖也。</span> <span>而六合之閒，萬類職之。未捐於有爲，未窳於無爲。生而復生，未始有極。而聖人應生者，亦何有極焉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">職，主也。捐，捨也。窳，憜也。佛是萬類之主，而未捨於有爲，故示相；未怠憜於無爲，故化終而歸寂。此方緣盡他方化，故未有極盡者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【窳】音愈，病也，或窊，烏苽切，墮者如苽入穴，卧不起也。</span> <span>是以<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>生可生之世，滅可滅之世。生滅在物，固不在己也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">示相生滅，真本元無，故云。而衆見劫盡大火所燒，時我此土安隱。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【而衆見劫盡】<span class="shuming">法華經</span>文。</span> <span>八日而生，表始華而就滿也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">周</span>四月佛生，是今二月也，物正榮華。八日者，月漸圓滿也。</span> <span>十五日而滅者，顯自盈而之虧也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以十五日月圓之極，慮衆生起常見，故現無常。十六之後，月漸虧也。</span> <span>滿則滋華，虧則害盈。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以八日漸滿，故滋於榮也；以十五日後漸虧，故害盈也。</span> <span>揆其日，是以見生滅之有爲耳。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【揆】渠癸切，度也。<span class="shuming">詩</span>云：揆之一日。【有爲】去呼，炯也，與也，助也。</span> <span>又方晝而誕，反晝而逝者，蓋生顯死晦，旦勤夕逸之徵也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛生以晝﹑入滅以夜者，蓋生則顯明也，死則晦暗也。又生居旦，必有勤勞之用；死居夕，乃是閑逸之義也。</span> <span>嗟乎，群生紛紛，若乎在夢。或有見佛生者﹑滅者﹑近者﹑久者﹑體常存者﹑本不生者，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">隨心所悟不同，化相雖有多般，法身本無生滅也<a class="zhuhao" href="#418" id="409">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【紛紛】四生雜亂也。【近者】丈六化身也。【久者】千丈化身也。【体常存者】<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00075','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P75</span></i>他報身也。【本不生者】法身也。</span> <span>譬同室而異夢，彼夢者不知彼所夢也。且有大覺而後知彼所夢者也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">有聖教説：佛以四月八日生，七月十五日降生，二月八日逾城，十二月八日成道，二月十五日入滅。又有聖教以二月八日生，二月八日逾城，二月八日入滅。又有以二月八日生，十二月八日逾城，十月八日成道，十二月十五日入滅。諸部所記不同，如一室而異夢也。</span> <span>果有其分，而異者不能合其同，而同者不能離其異也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以今四月八日生者，據<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>正説。以二月八日生，據<span class="zhuanming">周</span>正説，即今<span class="zhuanming">北山和尚</span>是也。俱以二月八日，乃<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>小乘别部所計也。</span> <span>有以<span class="zhuanming">莊王</span>十年爲佛生時，按據<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>史曲裁經意，但多穿鑿之美。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">此乃<span class="zhuanming">費長房</span>以<span class="zhuanming">周莊王</span>十年是<span class="zhuanming">魯莊公</span>四年，恒星不見，星殞如雨，便爲佛生，此乃據<span class="shuming">春秋</span>妄爲穿鑿也。佛生是<span class="zhuanming">周</span>第四主<span class="zhuanming">昭王</span>二十四年四月八日生，<span class="zhuanming">莊王</span>是第十五主也。又恒星不見，是四月五日，乃是佛滅度後，<span class="zhuanming">文殊菩薩</span>於<span class="zhuanming">雪山</span>化五百仙人而歸本國，光明掩於恒星不見也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【魯莊公四年】前篇注云七年，請校。</span> <span>有以三月十五日爲佛滅時，蓋<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>他俾羅部之言<a class="zhuhao" href="#419" id="410">〔四〕</a>，餘則不然也。<span class="zhuanming">老聖</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">秦佚</span>之吊，若復歸<span class="zhuanming">周</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#420" id="411">〔五〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">莊子</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">秦佚</span>入吊<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>，三號而出也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>夢奠於兩楹<a class="zhuhao" href="#421" id="412">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">仲尼</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">夏后氏</span>葬於東楹，<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人葬於西楹，<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人於兩楹之閒。吾<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人之後，其亡乎？」遂卒也。</span> <span>俯萬化而同盡也。天<a class="zhuhao" href="#422" id="413">〔七〕</a>智出宇宙，死齊宇宙，其真耶？其權耶？真則象聖，權則乃聖。匪真匪權，則以見起滅之心矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#423" id="414">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">宇宙者，天地也。若人智出天地，而生死與天地萬物同者，問其是真耶？是權耶？若是真，則象稱於聖矣；若是權，化亦乃得爲聖焉。除斯之外，若不屬真之與權，則無由<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00076','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P76</span></i>達生死之心矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【大意朔晦東西相番，則無以見起滅等】<a class="zhuhao" href="#424" id="415">〔九〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#407" id="416">〔一〕</a>歲：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤爲「武」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#408" id="417">〔二〕</a>否閉：閉塞不通。<span class="zhuanming">蔡邕</span><span class="shuming">釋誨</span>：「天地否閉，聖哲潛形。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#409" id="418">〔三〕</a>法身：謂證得清浄自性，成就一切功德之身。其具備一切佛法，不生不滅，無形而隨處現形，故也稱爲佛身。<span class="shuming">大般泥洹經</span>卷五<span class="shuming">如來性品</span>：「知<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>法身，長存不變易。」<span class="zhuanming">慧遠</span><span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一八：「言法身者，解有兩義：一顯本法性以成其身，名爲法身；二以一切諸功德法而成身，故名爲法身。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#410" id="419">〔四〕</a>他俾羅：又作「體毗裏」﹑「他鞞羅」等，意譯「上坐」﹑「老宿」。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷四九<span class="zhuanming">真諦</span>譯<span class="shuming">十八部論</span>：「他鞞羅，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言上座部也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#411" id="420">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">莊子</span><span class="shuming">養生主</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">老聃</span>死，<span class="zhuanming">秦佚</span>弔之，三號而出。弟子曰：『非夫子之友邪？』曰：『然。』『然則弔焉若此，可乎？』曰：『然。始也吾以爲其人也，而今非也。向吾入而弔焉，有老者哭之，如哭其子；少者哭之，如哭其母。彼其所以會之，必有不蘄言而言，不蘄哭而哭者。是遁天倍情，忘其所受，古者謂之遁天之刑。適來，夫子時也；適去，夫子順也。安時而處順，哀樂不能入也，古者謂是帝之縣解。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#412" id="421">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">檀弓</span>：「夫子曰：『<span class="zhuanming">賜</span>！爾來何遲也？<span class="zhuanming">夏后氏</span>殯於東階之上，則猶在阼也；<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人殯於兩楹之間，則與賓主夾之也；<span class="zhuanming">周</span>人殯於西階之上，則猶賓之也。而<span class="zhuanming">丘</span>也<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>人也。予疇昔之夜，夢坐奠於兩楹之間。夫明王不興，而天下其孰能宗予？予殆將死也。』蓋寢疾七日而没。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#413" id="422">〔七〕</a>天：當爲「夫」字之形誤。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00077','1865862',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P77</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#414" id="423">〔八〕</a>起滅：因緣和合而産生與因緣離散而消滅。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#415" id="424">〔九〕</a>此十五字，原爲大字，故以【】括之。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
卷第二
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133825" key="1133825"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第二 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133826" key="1133826"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00078','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P78</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000013">法籍興第三<span class="font12 zhu">此篇明<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>一代時教經律論興建之由也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：法謂教法，籍謂典籍。興，起也<a class="zhuhao" href="#439" id="425">〔一〕</a>。此篇明三教典籍興建之由。下云先<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>而後六經等，可只佛等。</span></p><p> <span>道樹降魔，穆清天下。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛初成道於<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>菩提樹下金剛座上，以智慧力降魔之後，法界肅静也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降魔】降，伏也。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語魔羅，此云破壞，從功能受稱而通四魔。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語波卑夜，此云惡者，唯目天魔。言波旬者，訛略也。【菩提樹下】菩提云覺，末伽云道。詳二優劣。</span> <span>垂世立教，四十九年。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以三十成道，四十九年説法度人，七十九歲入滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【垂世立教】垂，示也。</span> <span>以經律論爲三藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#440" id="426">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經爲修多羅藏，律爲毗奈耶藏，論爲摩得勒迦藏也。</span> <span>以五戒﹑十善﹑四諦﹑十二緣﹑六度爲五乘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#441" id="427">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五戒爲人乘，十善爲天乘，四諦爲聲聞乘，十二緣生爲緣覺乘，六波羅蜜爲菩薩乘<a class="zhuhao" href="#442" id="428">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>統之以十二分<a class="zhuhao" href="#443" id="429">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一契經﹑二應頌﹑三記别﹑四重説﹑五自説﹑六緣起﹑七譬喻﹑八本事﹑九本生﹑十方廣﹑十一希有法﹑十二論義，亦呼十二部教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【統】他綜切，攝也，總也，紀也。</span> <span>開之爲四宗。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經﹑律﹑論﹑呪。</span> <span>教始興乎一音，而大協于群心，目之曰甘露，亦謂之毒鼓<a class="zhuhao" href="#444" id="430">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">應其病者，除其熱惱，故曰甘露。不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00079','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P79</span></i>應其病，起煩惱故，謂之毒鼓。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【協】胡頰切，順也，和也，合也。【毒皷】<span class="shuming">涅盤經</span>云。應云毒藥，言甘露也。</span> <span>至聖既没而微言殆絶，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至聖即<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>遽命應真之侣千人<a class="zhuhao" href="#445" id="431">〔七〕</a>，撰定詮序，俾罔墜厥旨。<span class="zhuanming">王城</span>始會，造于石室，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">撰音選。自佛滅度荼毗之後，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>命羅漢千人，往<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅窟</span>結集法藏，請<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>爲檀護主也<a class="zhuhao" href="#446" id="432">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遽】詮量也，急也。【序】次也。【俾】使也。【旨】趣也。【畢鉢羅窟】<span class="zhuanming">七葉嵓</span>也。【無憂】注悮，應云<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">龜氏</span>尸其位，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">尸，主也。<span class="zhuanming">龜氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【龜氏】<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>也。【尸】主也。</span> <span>首唱<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>，令誦律部<a class="zhuhao" href="#447" id="433">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>者，是諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子剃髮師。諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子出家，遂以瓔珞環釧奉之。<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>得已，内自思惟：「此人性高體貴，尚能捨去。況我貧賤，守寶受苦。」乃懸樹上，誰有須者任意，因求出家，常弘律部。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓔珞】頸飾也。【環】佩飾也。【釧】臂飾也。【優波離】三藏云<span class="zhuanming">鄔波離</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">近執眉</span>，親近太子執事之臣，佛家人者，非。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">波離</span>避席將就座，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>初於<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅</span>置三法座：一令集律藏﹑一令集經藏﹑一令集論藏。故<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>起就座也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【避席】讓也。</span> <span>禮僧足而昇，執象牙扇。如先佛所説，不愆于文字。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一依佛在而説，並不愆少一文一字也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【執象牙扇】唯<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>有此語，竹林石室所莊飾扇。【愆】去乾切。</span> <span>一千漏盡，迭察迭書，再覆其言，然後乃定。滿八十反，號八十誦<a class="zhuhao" href="#448" id="434">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">波離</span>旋記而説，大衆旋書而集之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覆】返也。</span> <span>次命<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>本以身居有學，不得預衆，被逐在堀外。乃以三界九地惑，束爲九類，起九無閒道斷，九解脱道證，然後獲得三明六通。以神境通，從户鑰孔入，故得在會。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>乃令集經藏，<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>集論藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#449" id="435">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崛】求勿切，突也。字悮，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00080','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P80</span></i>本是窟字，穴洞也。【户鑰】音藥，鎖也。疑剩此字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>曰諾，如<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>。過三月，<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>虞逸亡，以願智力觀之，無褊慢矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#450" id="436">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>即<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>也。虞，慮也。逸亡，散失也。恐經日久散失，遂常以智願觀之，無於怠慢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諾】應答也。【褊】方緬切，急也。</span> <span>凡百年，夷路既廣，人用知訓<a class="zhuhao" href="#451" id="437">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自佛滅後，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>弘持法藏二十年付<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，亦二十年又付與<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>，二十年<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>又付<span class="zhuanming">商那和脩</span>，二十年<span class="zhuanming">商那和脩</span>又付與<span class="zhuanming">優波毱多</span>。五人共一百年弘持法藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#452" id="438">〔一四〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#425" id="439">〔一〕</a>此句原作「籍謂籍典起也」，疑「籍典」倒，今乙；脱「興」字，今補。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#426" id="440">〔二〕</a>三藏：佛教經典的總稱。佛教經典分經﹑律﹑論三種。據<span class="shuming">大乘莊嚴經論</span>卷四<span class="shuming">述求品</span>，「藏」義爲「攝」，即總攝一切所應知之意。經藏，音譯「修多羅」，爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>教説之要義。律藏，音譯「毗奈耶」藏﹑「毗尼」藏，爲佛教制定的各種規則戒律。論藏，音譯「阿毗達磨」藏﹑「阿毗曇」藏，是對佛經的進一步闡釋。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#427" id="441">〔三〕</a>五戒：佛教的五條基本戒律。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">五戒</span>：「謂戒者有五也：一不殺，二不偷盜，三不邪淫（在家人受，則云邪淫。若出家人受，則云離非<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>行，緣一切都斷故），四不妄語，五不飲酒。」　十善：十種善業，即不殺生﹑不偷盜﹑不邪淫﹑不妄語﹑不兩舌﹑不惡口﹑不綺語﹑不貪﹑不嗔﹑不癡。　四諦：又云「四聖諦」﹑「四真諦」。一苦諦，三界六趣之苦報；二集諦，貪嗔等煩惱及善惡之諸業；三滅諦，即涅槃。涅槃滅惑業而離生死之苦，真空寂滅，故名滅；四道諦，即八正道。能通於涅槃，故名道。　六度：六波羅蜜。波羅蜜，又作「波羅蜜多」，意譯「度」﹑「到彼岸」，謂由生死此岸到<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00081','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P81</span></i>達涅槃彼岸。其法有六種：一佈施﹑二持戒﹑三忍辱﹑四精進﹑五禪定﹑六智慧，故名六度。　十二緣：又稱十二有支，或十二緣起，是佛教三世輪迴的基本理論，包括無明﹑行﹑識﹑名色﹑六入（又稱六處，即眼﹑耳﹑鼻﹑舌﹑身﹑意六根）﹑觸﹑受﹑愛﹑取﹑有（三有，即三界之生死也）﹑生﹑老死等十二支，每支爲後支的生成之因，形成因果鏈條，一切衆生在解脱之前，都在此循環中生死流轉，永無止息。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三四：「云何名爲十二因緣？從無明生行，從行生識，從識生名色，從名色生六入，從六入生觸，從觸生受，從受生愛，從愛生取，從取生有，從有生生，從生則有老死憂苦。」又卷二七：「善男子，十二因緣一切衆生等同有之，亦内亦外。何等十二？過去煩惱名爲無明，過去業者則名爲行，現在世中初始受胎是名爲識，入胎五分四根未具名爲名色，具足四根未名觸時是名六入，未别苦樂是爲觸，染習一愛是名爲受，習近五欲是名爲愛，内外貪求是名爲取，爲内外事起身口意業是名爲有，現在世識名未來生，現在名色六入觸受名未來世老病死也，是名爲十二因緣。」　五乘：運載衆生到達善處的五種法門：人乘﹑天乘﹑聲聞乘﹑緣覺乘﹑菩薩乘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#428" id="442">〔四〕</a>人乘：修行五戒，生於人道，故爲人乘。　天乘：能修十善，乘之而生於<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天，能修禪定，乘之而生於<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>諸天，是名天乘。　聲聞乘﹑緣覺乘﹑菩薩乘：合謂三乘，亦即小乘﹑中乘（亦云辟支乘）﹑大乘。三者均爲深淺不同的解脱之道。<span class="shuming">維摩詰所説經</span><span class="shuming">觀衆生品</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>問天：汝於三乘，爲何志求？天曰：以聲聞法化衆生，故我爲聲聞。以因緣法化衆生，故我爲<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>。以大悲法化衆生，故我爲大乘。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「初階聖者，有三種人，其根業各差，謂之三乘，聲聞乘﹑緣覺乘﹑大乘。取其可乘運以至道爲名。此三人惡迹已盡，但修心盪累，濟物進德。初<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00082','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P82</span></i>根人爲小乘，行四諦法；中根人爲中乘，受十二因緣；上根人爲大乘，則修六度。雖階三乘，而要由修進萬行，拯度億流，彌歷長遠，乃可登佛境矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#429" id="443">〔五〕</a>十二分：佛教一切經典的内容分爲十二類，叫十二部經，又叫做十二分教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#430" id="444">〔六〕</a>毒鼓：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>述<span class="shuming">法華文句記</span>卷四（下）：「毒鼓者，<span class="shuming">大經</span>云：譬如有人以毒塗鼓，於大衆中擊，令出聲聞者皆死。鼓者，平等法身。毒者，無緣慈悲。打者，發起衆也。聞者，當機衆也。死者，無明破也。」　按：<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷八<span class="shuming">如來性品</span>：「如是大乘典，亦名雜毒藥，如酥醍醐等，及以諸石蜜，服消則爲藥，不消則爲毒。方等亦如是，智者爲甘露，愚不知佛性，服之則成毒。聲聞及緣覺，大乘爲甘露。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#431" id="445">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，出生於<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>。「摩訶」，意譯「大」，「迦葉」意譯<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">光波</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷一下：「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，此翻<span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>，其先代學道，靈龜負仙圖而應，從德命族，故言<span class="zhuanming">龜氏</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>十大弟子中，「頭陀第一」。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>入滅後，成爲佛教教團之統率者，於<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>召集第一次經典結集。　應真：「羅漢」的意譯，謂得真道的人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#432" id="446">〔八〕</a>滅度：即涅槃。　荼毗：意譯「焚燒」﹑「燒身」，即火化。　<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅窟</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">卑鉢羅窟</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">賓鉢羅窟</span>」，因窟上有畢鉢羅樹繁生而得名，在<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span><span class="zhuanming">竹林精舍</span>之西，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>結集三藏處。<span class="shuming">佛祖統紀</span>卷四：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>滅後，於<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅窟</span>立三座部主結爲三藏。」　<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>的意譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#433" id="447">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">優婆利</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">鄔波離</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">優婆離</span>」等，意譯「近取」﹑「近執」，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>爲太子時的執事之人，後隨<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>出家，精於戒律，修持嚴謹，「持律第一」之比丘。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00083','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P83</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#434" id="448">〔一○〕</a>一千漏盡：指一千名漏盡比丘。漏指煩惱。以聖智斷盡煩惱，謂之漏盡。　迭：輪流，交换。　覆：核查。　八十誦：八十誦律。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>滅後結集三藏之時，<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>比丘於一夏九旬之間，八十番誦出，故名八十誦律。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">明律科</span>論曰：「禮者出乎忠信之薄，律亦起自防非。是故隨有犯緣，迺製篇目。迄乎雙樹，在跡爲周。自<span class="zhuanming">金河</span>滅影，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>嗣興，因命持律尊者<span class="zhuanming">優波離比丘</span>使出律藏。<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>乃手執象牙之扇，口誦調御之言，滿八十反，其文乃訖。於是題之樹葉，號曰八十誦律。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#435" id="449">〔一一〕</a>三明六通：三明指天眼明﹑宿命明﹑漏盡明，也就是六通中的宿命﹑天眼﹑漏盡三通。六通指宿命通﹑天眼通﹑漏盡通﹑天耳通﹑他心通﹑神足通。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宗密</span>述<span class="shuming">佛説盂蘭盆經疏</span>卷下云，六通者，一神境通，智證神境故，亦名如意通，身如其意，欲往即到故；二天眼通；三天耳通，謂能見能聞若近若遠﹑障内障外色聲等故；四宿命通，能知宿世本生本事故；五他心通，謂於定散漏無漏心，一切能知故；六漏盡通，謂身中漏盡而能知故。六皆無擁，故總名通。　九無間道﹑九解脱道：三界分爲九地，一地之修惑又分九品斷之，每斷一品惑（煩惱），各有無間﹑解脱二道。正斷惑（煩惱）之智，謂之無間道，煩惱既斷而相續所得之智，謂之解脱道。一地之思惑有九品，故有九無間道﹑九解脱道。　<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>：佛十大弟子中，「論議第一」之<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延子</span>。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷二七：「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延</span>，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦多衍那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">大剪剔種男</span>。<span class="zhuanming">剪剔</span>，婆羅門姓也。」　按：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九<span class="shuming">摩伽陀國下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>召而謂曰：『汝未盡漏，宜出聖衆。』曰：『隨侍<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，多歷年所，每有法議，曾未棄遺。今將結集，而見擯斥。法王寂滅，失所依怙。』<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>告曰：『勿懷憂惱。汝親侍佛，誠復多聞，然愛惑未<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00084','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P84</span></i>盡，習結未斷。』<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>辭屈而出，至空寂處，欲取無學，勤求不證。既已疲怠，便欲假寐，未及伏枕，遂證羅漢。往結集所，叩門白至。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>問曰：『汝結盡耶？宜運神通，非門而入。』<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>承命，從鑰隙入。禮僧已畢，退而復坐。是時安居初十五日也。於是<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>揚言曰：『念哉諦聽！<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>聞持，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>稱讚，集素呾纜（舊曰修多羅，訛也）藏。<span class="zhuanming">優波釐</span>持律明究，衆所知識，集毗奈耶（舊曰毗那耶，訛也）藏。我<span class="zhuanming">迦葉波</span>集阿毗達磨藏。』兩三月盡，集三藏訖，以<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>僧中上座，因而謂之上座部焉。<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉波</span>結集西北，有窣堵波，是<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>受僧訶責，不預結集，至此宴坐，證羅漢果。證果之後，方乃預焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#436" id="450">〔一二〕</a>願智力：指神通力。<span class="shuming">金剛仙論</span>卷三：「願智者，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>百四十不共法（引者按：不共法專指佛菩薩獨有的能力）中願智力，亦云自在力也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#437" id="451">〔一三〕</a>用：因此。　訓：典式，法則。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#438" id="452">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">摩田地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摩田提</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">末田地那</span>等，相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>最後弟子，付法藏之第三祖。「末田」意譯「中」，「地那」意譯「日」。因出家於日中之時，又因受戒於水中，故時人稱爲<span class="zhuanming">日中</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">水中</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">烏仗那國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>中大伽藍側，有刻木<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>菩薩像，金色晃昱，靈鑒潛通。通高百餘尺。<span class="zhuanming">末田底迦</span>（舊曰<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>，訛略也）阿羅漢之所造也。」據<span class="shuming">付法藏因緣傳</span>卷二所載，<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>弟子中有<span class="zhuanming">末田提</span>與<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>二人得<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>之付法藏。然依<span class="shuming">阿育王經</span>卷七則謂<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>弟子爲<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>，<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>之弟子。這裏<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>的説法，當據<span class="shuming">阿育王經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>百年後，<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>違世，法驂󷚳軸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">違世，遷化也。服外謂之驂。󷚳，殘也。喻<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>滅後而法乘摧<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00085','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P85</span></i>毁也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【違】去也。【驂】音參。【戕】宜是戕字，音牆，殺也。或扸字，音析字，斤破不完也。【毱多】具云<span class="zhuanming">鄔波毱多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">近護</span>也。</span> <span>雖<span class="zhuanming">跋闍</span>干紀，擅興十過，而<span class="zhuanming">離波多</span>等七百無著人殄之，如金㒒姑而穿<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>縞矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#473" id="453">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛滅後百年，<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>有<span class="zhuanming">跋闍子比丘</span>説十事爲清浄，謂指抄食﹑飲酒﹑受畜金銀等十事，皆佛制不許。長老<span class="zhuanming">離波多</span>與<span class="zhuanming">一切去上座</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">三浮那</span>及<span class="zhuanming">搜婆村長老</span>等七百羅漢，作羯磨而殄其罪也。出<span class="shuming">四分律</span>五十四卷。縞素，帛也。金㒒姑，箭名。<span class="zhuanming">魯莊公</span>以之射<span class="zhuanming">南宫長萬</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#474" id="454">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跋闍】此云<span class="zhuanming">避去</span>。【干紀】佛法大綱。【擅】音繕，專便也。【著】計執也。【殄】絶滅也。【縞】音杲，白縑也。【抄】手取也。【一切去上座】諸律皆云一切去，有本一切法，悮。禮大衆足而昇座，指<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>也。如<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>等避席就座，禮僧足而昇。【三浮那】或云<span class="zhuanming">三浮陀</span>。【搜婆村】律云<span class="zhuanming">婆搜村</span>。</span> <span>暨大長老<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#475" id="455">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>也，本<span class="zhuanming">土火羅國</span>商主之子。因父他往，染其母。父歸，殺之。後殺其母及阿羅漢，懼罪而求出家，聰明博達三藏。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【土火羅國】<span class="shuming">西域記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">覩貨羅國</span>。</span> <span>竊聖人之譽，怙王者之力，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自云：「我得羅漢，入<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>宫，常爲王者之師。」怙，恃也。</span> <span>鄙争爲心，離析是謀。增損佛語，黷亂聖典<a class="zhuhao" href="#476" id="456">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因僧十五日説戒而妄有稱説，黷亂聖言，與僧不和也<a class="zhuhao" href="#477" id="457">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黷】音獨，垢也，蒙也。</span> <span>群聖叱其庸違，僭而不經<a class="zhuhao" href="#478" id="458">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上座聖衆責其違亂佛語，遂成争競，王不能和也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【叱】昌栗切，訶叱也。【僭】子念切，差也，濫也。【責其】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本云「貴其」者，悮。</span> <span>其徒蝟張，翦爲寇讎<a class="zhuhao" href="#479" id="459">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大天</span>之徒，如蝟毛而張熾，與聖衆共爲寇讎也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蝟】似猪而小，毛刺也，音胃。【翦】齊也。【寇讎】上暴也，下怨也。</span> <span>群聖不克禦侮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">克，能也。<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>部<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00086','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P86</span></i>强盛，聖衆部不能制止也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禦侮】上音語，禁止也；下音武，慢也，侵也。</span> <span>遂破爲二部<a class="zhuhao" href="#480" id="460">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大天</span>爲大衆部，聖衆部爲上座部。</span> <span>二部派流，有蕩不返。迨數百年，浸爲二十部。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">大衆内分出成九部：一﹑説部，二﹑説出世部，三﹑雞胤部，四﹑多聞部，五﹑説假部，六﹑制多山部，七﹑西山住部，八﹑北山住部，並本部成九也。上座部分成十一部：一﹑説一切有部，二﹑雪山住部，三﹑犢子部，四﹑法上部，五﹑賢胄部，六﹑正量部，七﹑密林山部，八﹑化地部，九﹑法藏部，十﹑飲光部，十一﹑經量部。雪山部則本部也，成二十部。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迨】音待，及也。【浸】子鴆切，漸漬也。【胤】羊晉切，嗣也。【胄】直祐切，裔也。【密林山部】<span class="shuming">論</span>云密林住山。</span> <span>哀哉！化醇爲醨，大義於是乖矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">醇濃醨薄也。佛滅度自百年之後，分爲二十部，法味澆薄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醇】音純，厚酒也。【醨】音離，薄酒也。</span> <span>扸金争㲲，分河於是飲矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">譬如一金杖分爲五段，段段皆金，如佛法分爲五部也。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>父<span class="zhuanming">吉利枳王</span>曾作十夢，皆表<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>遺教。弟子内一夢見一張白㲲，二十人争此㲲，㲲終不破。表此二十部大小乘争，後遂分河而飲水也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【㲲】音牒，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>種其草，取毛成布曰㲲。</span> <span>故諸部云如是契經，我部不誦。而於自部，皆至于解脱者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">各以自部教是佛語，他部則非也。</span> <span>其大乘宗<span class="shuming">智論</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利</span>與諸徒大會于<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍</span>，召<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>誦之，非諸聲聞所預聞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#481" id="461">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">智論</span>，亦云<span class="shuming">智度論</span>。説大乘結集，乃是<span class="zhuanming">文殊菩薩</span>與<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>等在<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>結集，時皆大乘。聲聞小智，不預其衆也<a class="zhuhao" href="#482" id="462">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>聲聞聞之，迷亂倒錯，斯或别乘之謂也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂二乘，實聲聞也。</span> <span>或不迴心之人也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂定性聲聞定不迴心，灰身滅智者一類。聞説大乘，迷錯不信也<a class="zhuhao" href="#483" id="463">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不迴】不來<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00087','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P87</span></i>也。前是定性，此是有性。未迴心者，不爾不别。</span> <span>餘經餘聖，貶不由論。豈行之艱而亦不能知者乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或有餘部經教及諸部聖人，貶論而不取者。蓋以論是慧學，義理深玄，學之實難而知之亦不得易也<a class="zhuhao" href="#484" id="464">〔一二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由】用也，據也。</span> <span>　<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>造<span class="shuming">瑜伽</span>，凡一十七地<a class="zhuhao" href="#485" id="465">〔一三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一﹑五識身相應地，二﹑意地，三﹑有尋有伺地，四﹑無尋唯伺地，五﹑無尋無伺地，六﹑三摩呬多地，七﹑非三摩呬多地，八﹑有心地，九﹑無心地，十﹑聞所成地，十一﹑思所成地，十二﹑修所成地，十三﹑聲聞地，十四﹑緣覺地，十五﹑菩薩地，十六﹑有餘依地，十七﹑無餘依地也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三摩呬多】此云等引。</span> <span>備舉三乘，開張演布<a class="zhuhao" href="#486" id="466">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云瑜伽，此云相應，謂一切乘境﹑行﹑果等所有諸法，皆名相應也。即十七地，稱之爲師<a class="zhuhao" href="#487" id="467">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span>後諸學者，以<span class="zhuanming">文殊</span>爲法性，以<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>爲法相<a class="zhuhao" href="#488" id="468">〔一六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">法性以真理融觀爲門，法相以識相行布爲旨。</span> <span>各封涯域，互馳章句，自伐其美<a class="zhuhao" href="#489" id="469">〔一七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">後人所宗，性相有殊。宗性者以融觀爲美，宗相者以區别爲善，各黨其宗者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【封】守也，執也。【伐】自矜，自伐。</span> <span>致使西極東<span class="zhuanming">華</span>人到于今有南北兩宗之異也。故南宗焉以空﹑假﹑中爲三觀<a class="zhuhao" href="#490" id="470">〔一八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觀遍計煩惱﹑空處能顯真理爲真諦觀，觀依他假有爲俗諦觀，觀真俗混同爲第一義諦觀也。</span> <span>北宗焉遍計﹑依他﹑圓成爲三性也<a class="zhuhao" href="#491" id="471">〔一九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遍計依妄情而生，依他假衆緣而起，圓成即真理者也。</span> <span>而華嚴以體性德相業用範圍法界<a class="zhuhao" href="#492" id="472">〔二○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即能所證體用而論。範圍，籠羅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【範圍】上音范，法也，式也。下抱。括四法界也。</span> <span>得其門統於南北，其猶指乎諸掌矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">學華嚴者，盡達性相之原，俱盡南北之旨。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00088','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P88</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#453" id="473">〔一〕</a>干紀：違犯法紀。語出<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公十三年</span>：「干國之紀，犯門斬關。」　十過：這裏指非法十事。「十事」的具體内容，詳參下注。　<span class="zhuanming">離波多</span>：尊者<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>的弟子，精通律法。　殄：盡，絶。　按：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">乘丘</span>之役，公以金僕姑射<span class="zhuanming">南宫長萬</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#454" id="474">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">跋闍子比丘</span>：<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span><span class="zhuanming">跋闍</span>之出家人。此地僧人在佛滅後百年，起非法十事。<span class="zhuanming">耶舍陀長老</span>因此集七百賢聖於<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>，起第二次結集。十事爲清浄，即十事合法（浄）。十事具體爲：角鹽浄（可用角器貯存食鹽，以備他時使用）﹑二指浄（中午日影偏西二指，仍可攝食）﹑他聚落浄（於一聚落食後，還可再入他聚落攝食）﹑住處浄（同一界内的比丘，不必在同一處布薩）﹑隨意浄（衆議處决時，可由僧團一部分比丘作成决議，再徵求其他比丘的同意）﹑所習浄（可以按照慣例行事）﹑生和合浄（食足後，允許飲用未經攪拌去脂之牛乳）﹑飲闍樓伽浄（可以喝未發酵或半發酵的椰子汁）﹑無緣坐具浄（縫製坐具，可以不用貼邊，且大小隨意）﹑金銀浄（可以接受金銀供養）。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>入滅後百年，<span class="zhuanming">跋闍子</span>主張「十事」合法（浄）；上座部<span class="zhuanming">耶舍陀</span>則認爲不合律制，爲非法。爲審查此十事之律制根據，遂召開第二次結集，上座部一致認爲十事不合律制規定（十事非法）。　<span class="shuming">四分律</span>卷五四：「<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>有長老，字<span class="zhuanming">一切去</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>中最上座。……<span class="zhuanming">一切去上座</span>爲第一上座，<span class="zhuanming">三浮陀</span>第二上座，<span class="zhuanming">離婆多</span>第三上座，<span class="zhuanming">婆搜村</span>是第四上座，<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>皆爲其和尚。」　羯磨：意譯作「業」，就是「辦事」﹑「辦事作法」等的意思。通過一定範圍全體僧衆集會討論决定要辦的事情。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#455" id="475">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>：意譯「<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃之後第一百年，命世君臨，威被殊俗，深信三寶，愛育四生。時有五百羅漢僧，五百凡夫僧，王所敬仰，供養無<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00089','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P89</span></i>差。有凡夫僧<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，闊達多智，幽求名實。潭思作論，理違聖教。凡有聞知，群從異議。<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>不識凡聖，同情所好，黨援所親。召集僧德赴<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>欲沉深流，總從誅戮。時諸羅漢既逼命難，咸運神通，凌虚履空，來至此國，山棲谷隱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#456" id="476">〔四〕</a>黷亂：繁亂。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#457" id="477">〔五〕</a>説戒：佛教僧團的持戒行爲。爲了檢點﹑整飭戒行，長養善法，保持僧團戒行清浄，每月月半﹑月終，比丘﹑比丘尼齊集一處，讀誦戒經，稱爲「説戒」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#458" id="478">〔六〕</a>庸違：用意邪僻。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">堯典</span>：「帝曰：『疇咨，若予采？』<span class="zhuanming">驩兜</span>曰：『都！<span class="zhuanming">共工</span>方鳩僝功。』帝曰：『吁！静言庸違，象恭滔天。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#459" id="479">〔七〕</a>蝟張：蝟毛豎起，喻因激憤而鬚髮豎起。　寇：原誤作「冠」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#460" id="480">〔八〕</a>二部：佛滅後衆弟子在<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span><span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span><span class="zhuanming">七葉窟</span>内外結集經典，在窟内結集的，名「上座部」，在窟外結集的，名「大衆部」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#461" id="481">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">智論</span>：<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>，佛教論書。<span class="zhuanming">古印度</span><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯，一百卷。　<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利</span>：意譯「妙德」﹑「妙吉祥」，<span class="zhuanming">文殊菩薩</span>智慧﹑辯才第一，被稱爲「<span class="zhuanming">大智文殊菩薩</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#462" id="482">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>：圍繞<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>而區劃一小世界之鐵山，由鐵而成。<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>爲中心，外有七山八海，第八海即<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>，<span class="zhuanming">贍部</span>等四大洲在此，圍繞此<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>者，即<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>，此爲一小世界。<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷一一：「於金輪上有九大山，<span class="zhuanming">妙高山</span>王處中而住，餘八周匝繞<span class="zhuanming">妙高山</span>。於八山中前七名内，第七山外有大洲等。此外復有鐵輪圍山，周匝如輪，圍一世界。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00090','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P90</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#463" id="483">〔一一〕</a>定性：指在聲聞﹑緣覺﹑菩薩三乘中僅有其中一種種子的衆生。定性聲聞爲唯識宗所立五種性之一，具本來唯一之聲聞無漏種子者，唯修聲聞之因，證聲聞之果，不進求佛道。　灰身滅智：指斷除一切身心煩惱，入於火光三昧，燒身滅心，歸於空寂無爲的涅槃境界，是小乘阿羅漢果的境界。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#464" id="484">〔一二〕</a>慧學：三學之一。觀達真理爲慧，進習爲學。斷惑證理，是慧的作用。爲發此慧而進修，謂之慧學。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一○：「觀達稱慧，進習爲學。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#465" id="485">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>：生於<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span>婆羅門家，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>大乘佛教瑜伽行派的祖師。　<span class="shuming">瑜伽</span>：<span class="shuming">瑜伽師地論</span>的略稱，又簡稱<span class="shuming">瑜伽論</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教瑜伽行唯識學派及<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>唯識宗的根本論書。瑜伽師地，意即瑜伽師修行所要經歷的境界（十七地），故亦稱<span class="shuming">十七地論</span>。相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>口述﹑<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>記録。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>傳佛教以此經爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>所造<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>五經之一。　一十七地：即十七種境界。依<span class="shuming">瑜伽師地論</span>，修行者修瑜伽行之際，共有十七種境界。十七地之具體名稱，如<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>所注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#466" id="486">〔一四〕</a>三乘：指小乘（聲聞乘）﹑中乘（緣覺乘）和大乘（菩薩乘）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#467" id="487">〔一五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">釋遁倫</span><span class="shuming">瑜伽論記</span>卷一（之上）：「且就一義名曰相應，釋論總出體云，謂一切乘境行果等所有諸法皆名瑜伽。一切並有方便善巧相應義故，此中意説三乘所有境行果法並名瑜伽。其境與行果，其行與果法，並有方便善巧相應義故。」　境行果：佛教主張的通過修行以獲得解脱的全過程。境，指修行所應分别觀察的諸法境界。行，指修行，即斷除煩惱﹑求證聖果的思想行爲，可分爲有漏行﹑無漏行。無漏行又分爲聲聞行﹑緣覺行﹑菩薩行三種。果，指修行正法﹑斷除煩惱所得的果報，由於行的不同，所得果報亦各不同。修有漏善行，感人天妙果；修無漏行，得無漏聖果。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00091','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P91</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#468" id="488">〔一六〕</a>法性：佛教以稱世界永恒的本性，絶對不變的永恒真理。也就是實相﹑真如﹑法界等的别名。　<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>：音譯<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>。即未來佛<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>。　法相：一切事物的形相。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷二：「一切世諦，有爲無爲，通名法相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#469" id="489">〔一七〕</a>封：局限，限制。　涯：範圍。　域：區域。　馳：傳播。　章句：指文章。　自伐：誇耀，自誇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#470" id="490">〔一八〕</a>三觀：<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗三觀，即空觀﹑假觀﹑中觀。空觀是觀諸法緣生無性，當體即空；假觀是觀諸法雖同幻化，但有假像和作用；中觀是觀諸法非空亦非假，亦空亦假之中道實理。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#471" id="491">〔一九〕</a>三性：唯識宗把宇宙萬法分爲三種性質，即遍計所執性﹑依他起性和圓成實性。遍計所執意謂人們普遍認爲客觀物質世界實有的「錯誤」認識，認爲是一種虚妄的執著；依他起意謂萬法皆無自性，須靠衆緣具備纔生起。是指現象世界。圓成實性指具有圓滿成就之真實性，也即由我﹑法二空所顯示的真如實性。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#472" id="492">〔二○〕</a>體性：體是本體，性是本性。體與性，同體而異名。一味之實相爲體，因果之諸法爲用。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷三：「體即實相，無有分别。用即立一切法，差降不同。如大地一，生種種芽。」真如法身爲體，現相應身爲用，體用就是由真如法身之體所生起的種種應化衆生的妙用。　法界：佛教稱整個宇宙現象界爲法界。<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷二九<span class="zhuanming">寶誌和尚</span><span class="shuming">大乘讚</span>：「法界量同太虚，衆生心智自小。」按：這裏謂華嚴宗統攝諸家，建立了諸教圓融的一乘圓教。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">印土</span>傳法，自<span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>至<span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>有二十四人。雅紹真誥，流演溥暢。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自佛滅後，<span class="zhuanming">大<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00092','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P92</span></i>迦葉</span>弘持法藏，以至<span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>，共二十四人。雅繼<span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>之軌躅<a class="zhuhao" href="#503" id="493">〔一〕</a>，妙弘祖聖之玄風也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【雅】正也。【誥】音告，典也。【演】廣也。又，水長流皃。【溥】音普，廣大也。</span> <span>暨<span class="zhuanming">師子</span>遇害於<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，自是相承相付泯矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#504" id="494">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>傳法至<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>王害之。自後法藏雖傳，其道澆也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泯】滅也，盡也。</span> <span>然戒法防患，獨爲<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>所制。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒者，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云毗奈耶，此云調伏藏。以防非止惡，調伏有情三業<a class="zhuhao" href="#505" id="495">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>親制，最爲付囑。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【獨】專也。【毗奈耶】<span class="shuming">行事</span>云毗奈耶，正番爲律。</span> <span>以戒即七支之業，業性甚深。獲業智力，乃窮其數。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七支，身三業：殺﹑盜﹑婬；口四業：惡口﹑兩舌﹑妄言﹑綺語，共爲七支也。獲智力者，了業之數。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【獲業智力】若得十力中第二過現未來業報智力者，乃盡其數也。【七支】據三乘，通受色支爲論。若菩薩戒，通意支也。</span> <span>故開遮持破，關乎損益<a class="zhuhao" href="#506" id="496">〔四〕</a>。而前佛後佛，皆不寄口而言之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒法之中，有開則許其通容，有遮則絶其爲作，持爲堅守不犯，破爲悮犯不持也。律藏是佛親制，不因寄口而傳説也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寄】託也。</span> <span>又峻設其防，言不浮行，心資定慧，以至懸解<a class="zhuhao" href="#507" id="497">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>明立禁戒，峻設遮防。浮，泛也。心習定慧，以至懸解。懸解者，若以繩繫物而懸，慧解了達，若解之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【峻設其防】峻，高也，險也，峭也。堤峻防水，城峻防人，戒峻防過。【心資定慧】戒爲定迹，定爲惠迹，定惠必藉戒律而成，得至懸解。【懸解】上音玄，繫也。下佳買切，脱繫也。</span> <span>故亦謂之波羅提木叉也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">波羅提木叉，此云别解脱戒。謂七衆所持，各别而解脱<a class="zhuhao" href="#508" id="498">〔六〕</a>。又持一戒，得一解脱。</span> <span>經通五人説，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">智度論</span>云：五人者，一佛﹑二弟子﹑三神仙﹑四天﹑五變化也<a class="zhuhao" href="#509" id="499">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【變化人】八部﹑<span class="zhuanming">鬼<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00093','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P93</span></i>子母</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#510" id="500">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span>以彰善𤺺惡，導物起信，刊定邪正，皆得謂之繩墨義也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彰，明也。𤺺，病也。病於惡而明於善，導引起生也。有不信者引之令信，不定者刊削之，邪曲者則正之。如世繩墨，能正材之斜曲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【𤺺】多旱切，病也。【刊】音看，削也。【繩墨】上墨索也，下持繩斗也。</span> <span>窮括性相，不令散失，貫于人心，皆得謂之結鬘義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#511" id="501">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經内性相，無不窮括義聚，前後聯貫。猶若西國之人，以線穿貫花鬘而爲嚴飾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【括】古活切，檢也，結也。【聯】音連，聯綿不絶也。【貫】事也，穿也，累也，行也。</span> <span>至言有准，規矩合度。而民是則之，皆得謂之法義也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">猶若王言，出則天下准承。規者圓也，矩者方也。方圓皆合其制度，爲人之准，故名爲法。法者則也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【准】度也，發必中的也。【規矩】準繩也。上規，正圓之器也。下矩，正方之器。</span> <span>其言如蘭，其信乃恒。天下酌之而不知其竭，皆得謂之常義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#512" id="502">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蘭，香草也。恒，常也。若湧泉而不竭，故謂之常也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【酌】之若（切），挹也，斟也，取也，益也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#493" id="503">〔一〕</a>軌躅：法則，規範。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#494" id="504">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>：婆羅門種姓，爲<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>王子。遠遊<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，與五衆論道，挫敗五僧，令其折服，但終爲外教污陷，爲<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>王所殺。禪宗尊其爲西天第二十四祖，<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷二有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>：在<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>作「<span class="zhuanming">迦畢試</span>」，參下文「<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#495" id="505">〔三〕</a>有情：即衆生，佛教對人和一切有情識生物的通稱。　三業：身業﹑口業﹑意業。業，音譯「羯磨」，意爲「造作」，即行爲。身業即身之所作，如殺生﹑偷盜﹑邪淫等；口業即口之所語，如惡口﹑兩<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00094','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P94</span></i>舌﹑綺語﹑妄語等；意業即意之所思，如貪﹑嗔﹑癡等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#496" id="506">〔四〕</a>開：解除約束和禁忌，除去戒律。在一些特殊情況下，祇要得法，世人可以不守五戒而不算破戒。　遮：遮戒，是禁戒，佛教禁止不許作，如飲酒等戒。　持：持戒，受持佛教戒律。　破：破戒，破壞佛教戒律。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#497" id="507">〔五〕</a>定慧：禪定與智慧。攝亂意爲定，觀照事理爲慧。　懸解：解除束縛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#498" id="508">〔六〕</a>波羅提木叉：意譯「别解脱」等，爲佛教僧徒所受戒律。因受戒能使身口意惡業分别解脱，故名「别解脱」。七衆：比丘﹑比丘尼﹑式叉摩那（未受具足戒前學法中之尼衆）﹑沙彌﹑沙彌尼﹑優婆塞﹑優婆夷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#499" id="509">〔七〕</a>五變化也：據<span class="shuming">隨函</span>及文意，當爲「五變化人也」。「經通五人説」者，<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷二曰：「佛法有五種人説：一者佛自口説，二者佛弟子説，三者仙人説，四者諸天説，五者化人説。」仙人即從佛入道﹑誓弘佛化之諸大仙人，諸天即<span class="zhuanming">梵釋</span>等諸天，化人即隨機現化之三乘聖人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#500" id="510">〔八〕</a>八部：原誤作「人部」，據文意改。八部即「天龍八部」，佛教中的八類護法神，即天衆﹑龍衆﹑夜叉﹑乾闥婆﹑阿修羅﹑迦樓羅﹑緊那羅﹑摩睺羅迦。　<span class="zhuanming">鬼子母</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">訶利帝母</span>」，又稱<span class="zhuanming">歡喜母</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">暴惡母</span>或<span class="zhuanming">愛子母</span>。原爲神通很大的餓鬼，專吃人間小孩，經<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>教化後，成爲專司護持兒童的護法神。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#501" id="511">〔九〕</a>結鬘義：結鬘謂用線貫穿起花成爲裝飾品（鬘）。取貫攝之義，比喻<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>正教，貫穿諸法，攝化衆生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#502" id="512">〔一○〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">雲法師</span>撰<span class="shuming">法華義記</span>卷一：「『修多羅』既是外國語，然經出之時，翻譯之始，仍用『經』字代『修多羅』。然『經』既訓『法』﹑訓『常』，是故<span class="shuming">大智論</span>解修多羅，備有五義：一出生﹑二微妙發﹑三涌泉﹑四繩<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00095','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P95</span></i>墨﹑五花鬘也。五義之中，有『涌泉』﹑『繩墨』。今取二義，與『法』﹑『常』相符。何者？涌泉無窮，此與『常』義相會。繩墨之用，本除斜取正。正而不斜，可軌可則，此與『法』義相符。」</span> </p><p> <span>論通弟子造，以能合離真俗，舒蓄名理，壼奥在彀，風味淵派<a class="zhuhao" href="#531" id="513">〔一〕</a>，法義之所由生，故皆得謂之摩怛哩迦也<a class="zhuhao" href="#532" id="514">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">論者循環研覈，究暢真宗爲義<a class="zhuhao" href="#533" id="515">〔三〕</a>。本唯佛説，散在衆經。後乃大小聖弟子通亦造之，而能離合真俗﹑區擘色心，定有無之指歸，盡名義之壼奥，其唯論藏乎？<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云摩怛哩迦，此云本母。能生智慧，如母生子也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【合離】離解義，合作釋。【舒蓄】上伸也；下丑六切，聚美備用也。【壼奥】上苦本切，居也，廣也；下烏到切，深也，内也。堂西南隅也。【彀】音遘，張弓發箭。【淵派】上淵，有九淵；下派，匹恠切，分流也。【摩怛哩迦】此云本母。有云以教爲本，與義爲母，經律論各通三，此爲盡理也。【循環】往復也。【研覈】上音妍，下音翮，考實也。【究暢】窮達也。【區擘】分析。</span> <span>矯伏擒縱，啓塞關徼。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">矯，詐也。伏，順也。擒，奪。縱，放也。論義之道，或詐現縱伏而後奪取其義也。啓，開也。塞，閉也。關，門鑰也。徼，小路也。論宗有開有閉有遮，防塞其關要也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矯】詐也。又，正也，高也。【擒】急持。【啓塞】上開也，下閉也。啓塞俱通關徼。【關徼】横木曰關，一關能閉兩户也。下音叫，正路傍小道也。【閉其】其是也字。</span> <span>發期爾的，弛有餘勇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">發言之道，須有準當。若箭發機，須期中的。弛，放也。放其義題，須令勇氣有餘也。苦理門四宗中不顧論宗等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【的】中鵠曰的。【弛】音豕，釋也，放也。</span> <span>外道異黨<a class="zhuhao" href="#534" id="516">〔四〕</a>，莫余敢侮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">論乃摧邪顯正<a class="zhuhao" href="#535" id="517">〔五〕</a>，故外道之徒，莫敢侮慢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莫余敢侮】外宗不敢侮慢於我也。</span> <span>故皆謂之優波提舍也<a class="zhuhao" href="#536" id="518">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云優波提舍，此云論義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【此云<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00096','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P96</span></i>論義】十二分中之一分也。</span> <span>法謂所對，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">屬於所照之境。</span> <span>慧則向觀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂能照之心。</span> <span>向則克滅，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂能證智起，則諸惑皆滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克滅】滅謂四種涅盤也。</span> <span>觀則克聖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂慧照理，若燈之照物，則能顯於聖道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克聖】聖謂四聖諦理也。</span> <span>故皆謂之阿毗達磨也<a class="zhuhao" href="#537" id="519">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云阿毗達磨，此云無對法。</span> <span>佛昔一時有言曰「彼此中間」而入於定，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛一日言彼﹑此﹑中間三件，未指而入定也。</span> <span>諸大弟子各以己解，競宣聖意。或以生死爲此，涅槃爲彼，道爲中間；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">生死謂分段﹑變易二種生死，爲此也。涅槃謂四種涅槃所證之理，爲彼。道則能證之智，爲中間也<a class="zhuhao" href="#538" id="520">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宣】明也，説也。</span> <span>或爲眼根爲此，色境爲彼，識是中閒<a class="zhuhao" href="#539" id="521">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">根爲能照，境爲所照，識在中間，爲能了别。</span> <span>如是乃有五百言不相與，志不相奪<a class="zhuhao" href="#540" id="522">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖各不同，亦各言其志也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【與】持也。</span> <span>暨<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>起定，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>等騰情稽疑。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騰】馳也，躍也，轉也。【稽疑】上考也。考疑之事也。</span> <span>佛言：「我説觸爲此，集爲彼，受爲中閒<a class="zhuhao" href="#541" id="523">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觸爲對境，集爲能染，心受於中間領納也。</span> <span>爾曹雖非我意，然皆爲滅苦之因，並應受持，不宜忘失也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">曹，輩也。弟子所説，雖非佛之本意，然亦無爽道理也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爾曹】汝輩也。【爽】失也。</span> <span>故佛日未亡，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>造<span class="shuming">集異門足論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二十卷，一百八十九紙，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">目連</span>造<span class="shuming">法藴足論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二十卷，一百七十八紙，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法藴足論】注二十卷，悮，只十二卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">迦多演那</span>造<span class="shuming">施設足論</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一萬八千頌，此未見行。上三論皆是<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>在日諸弟子造也。</span> <span>玉毫既晦，<span class="zhuanming">提婆設<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00097','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P97</span></i>磨</span>造<span class="shuming">識身足論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#542" id="524">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十六卷。佛滅後一百年造。<span class="zhuanming">玄奘三藏</span>譯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">世友</span>造<span class="shuming">品類足論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#543" id="525">〔一三〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十八卷，二百九十紙。佛滅後三百年造。</span> <span><span class="shuming">戒身足論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三卷，四十九紙。<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>造。已上謂六足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戒身足論】此是界字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">迦多演尼</span>造<span class="shuming">發智論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#544" id="526">〔一四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十六卷，三百六十五紙。大義具足故，號此論爲身，以六足爲足也。佛滅後造。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【發智論】注十六卷，悮，乃二十卷。</span> <span>凡七論，奮揚才藻，控越風猷，傍求聖意，式弼神化<a class="zhuhao" href="#545" id="527">〔一五〕</a>。其大窮天地，其細考鄰虚，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七論並小乘之文，辭藻宏曠，風規超弈。至於性相心色，無不具論也。鄰虚，極微之塵也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【藻】音早，文藻也。【奮】發也，揚也。【控】引也，告也。【越】遠也，度也。【猷】音由，謀也，道也。【式】用也。【弼】輔也，備也。</span> <span>方諸儒門，三<span class="shuming">傳</span>四<span class="shuming">詩</span>，各金玉其音也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三<span class="shuming">傳</span>，一<span class="shuming">左丘明傳</span>﹑二<span class="shuming">公羊高傳</span>﹑三<span class="shuming">穀梁赤傳</span>。四<span class="shuming">詩</span>，<span class="shuming">魯詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人<span class="zhuanming">申培公</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>以浦輪徵之，已八十餘，以<span class="shuming">詩經</span>爲訓，口傳無傳也；二<span class="shuming">齊詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人<span class="zhuanming">袁固生</span>所傳；三<span class="shuming">韓詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>人<span class="zhuanming">韓嬰</span>所學；四<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河間</span><span class="zhuanming">毛公</span>字<span class="zhuanming">文操</span>所傳於<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【申培公】<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">儒林傳</span>云。但云<span class="zhuanming">申公</span>。【蒲輪】徵士用蒲輪之車。諸本皆云浦輪，悮。【口傳】下平。【無傳】下去，傳記云。【袁固生】<span class="shuming">漢書</span>但云<span class="zhuanming">轅固</span>。</span> <span>由是四百年初，<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>五百六通依<span class="shuming">發智論</span>撰<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#546" id="528">〔一六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛滅後四百年初，有羅漢名<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延子</span>，擊乾稚普告十方諸天及賢聖，不得入滅。有於佛所聞一偈一句，皆會<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>。諸聖既至，遂集所聞。是者取，非者去，乃成<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>，此云廣解，禁之不令出國。謂<span class="zhuanming">婆娑頭拔</span>尊者潛入彼國，誦之出國，歸<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>傳之，後方流於諸國也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【撰大毗婆沙】此云廣解，或云分分説，或云一一説。【罽賓】舊云<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，三藏傳<span class="shuming">西域記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">迦葉彌羅國</span>，舊云<span class="zhuanming">罽<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00098','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P98</span></i>賓</span>，訛也。此乃注云，悮中之悮也。</span> <span>備釋三藏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂經﹑律﹑論。</span> <span>以品有八，譯者謂之八藴，亦曰八藏是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#547" id="529">〔一七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">藴﹑藏皆聚義也，即八揵度。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【即八揵度】今則有<span class="shuming">八犍度論</span>三十卷，<span class="shuming">大<a class="zhuhao" href="#548" id="530">〔一八〕</a>毗婆沙</span>雖説八犍度，但名<span class="shuming">毗婆沙</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#513" id="531">〔一〕</a>合離：聚合與分離。　真俗：謂真諦和俗諦。真諦又名第一義諦，是聖智所見的真實理性。俗諦又名世諦，爲凡夫所見到的世間事相。　舒：展開，伸展。　蓄：積聚，儲藏。　名理：名稱與道理。　壼奥：比喻事理的奥祕精微。壼，宫巷；奥，室隅。　彀：弓箭射程所及的範圍。「在彀」比喻完全在掌控之中。　淵：根源。　派：分支。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#514" id="532">〔二〕</a>摩怛哩迦：又作「摩怛履迦」等，指經義或戒律的綱目，也是論藏的别稱。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷一八：「摩怛理迦，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語也。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>云本母，亦云論也。」又卷一七：「摩夷，正言摩怛理迦，此言本母，理爲教本，故以名焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#515" id="533">〔三〕</a>真宗：指佛法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#516" id="534">〔四〕</a>外道：佛教稱呼對立的其他教派爲外道。<span class="shuming">楞伽阿跋多羅寶經注解</span>卷三（上）：「言外道者，凡出家不禀佛教者，皆名爲外。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#517" id="535">〔五〕</a>摧邪顯正：亦作「破邪顯正」。邪指外道，正指佛教正法。<span class="zhuanming">吉藏</span><span class="shuming">三論玄義</span>卷上：「但論雖有三，義唯二轍：一曰顯正，二曰破邪。破邪則下拯沈淪，顯正則上弘大法。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#518" id="536">〔六〕</a>優波提舍：十二部經之一，又作「鄔波題鑠」﹑「優婆題舍」﹑「鄔波弟鑠」﹑「優波替舍」等，意譯「論<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00099','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P99</span></i>議」﹑「論義」等，謂諸經中問答辯論諸法之事。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：「優婆提舍，此正名論，論諸法故。」同卷：「優婆提舍，此名論義，問答論理，名論義經。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#519" id="537">〔七〕</a>阿毗達磨：又作「阿鼻達磨」，論部之總名。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：「阿毗曇者，此方正翻名無比法。阿，謂無也。毗，謂比也。曇，謂法也。」參見前「三藏」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#520" id="538">〔八〕</a>分段生死：是三界内凡夫的生死。輪迴流轉，有身分形段可見者。　變易生死：是三界外聖者的生死。已無生死輪迴的身分形段，祇是在心念的生生滅滅不停，是精神上的生死。菩薩斷除根本無明，纔無變易生死。　涅槃：意譯「圓寂」，圓是圓滿一切智德，寂是寂滅一切惑業。又譯作「滅度」，滅是滅除見思﹑塵沙和無明三種惑，度是度脱分段和變易兩種生死。是聖者所證得的不生不滅﹑超越時空的真如境界。四種涅槃：一﹑自性清浄涅槃，指人人本具的佛性，恒常清浄而不染；二﹑有餘依涅槃，小乘聖者雖然已證入涅槃，不受後有，但仍有酬報過去世業因的身心存在，名有餘依涅槃；三﹑無餘依涅槃，没有了酬報過去世業因的身心，進入不生不滅之境界；四﹑無住處涅槃，不住於生死，亦不住於涅槃，常於娑婆世界度衆生，名無住處涅槃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#521" id="539">〔九〕</a>眼根：六根之一，指眼睛因接觸外物而産生的視覺﹑認識。　色境：五境之一，青黄赤白等法，爲眼根所感知的境界。　識：心的異名。心對於境而了别，名爲識。<span class="shuming">成唯識論</span>卷一：「識謂了别。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#522" id="540">〔一○〕</a>相與：相同。　相奪：强取。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#523" id="541">〔一一〕</a>觸：五境之一。身根所感知的境界，有堅﹑濕﹑暖﹑動等十一種。<span class="shuming">阿毗达磨俱舍論</span>卷一：「觸有十<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00100','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P100</span></i>一：謂四大種﹑滑性﹑澀性﹑重性﹑輕性，及冷﹑饑﹑渴。」　集：招聚。　受：感官與外界接觸時所産生的感受。受有苦受﹑樂受﹑不苦不樂受三種。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#524" id="542">〔一二〕</a>玉毫：指佛的眉間白毫，所謂白毛相光。玉毫既晦謂佛滅。　<span class="zhuanming">提婆設磨</span>：多作「<span class="zhuanming">提婆設摩</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">天寂</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">賢寂</span>」。爲小乘説一切有部論師之一，<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">鞞索迦國</span>人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#525" id="543">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">世友</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">婆須蜜多</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">和須蜜多</span>」等。説一切有部之一祖，又作「<span class="zhuanming">天友</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦王</span>在<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅</span>舉行第四次結集時，<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>任五百聖賢的指導者，編集<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論</span>，總結説一切有部理論學説，與<span class="zhuanming">法救</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">妙音</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">覺天</span>等被譽爲「婆沙四大論師」。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷二○：「世是天名，與天遂友，故名<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>。父母憐子，恐惡鬼神之所加害，言天遂友，彼不敢損故，故以爲名焉。」<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「其王是時與諸羅漢自彼而至，建立伽藍，結集三藏，欲作<span class="shuming">毗婆沙論</span>。是時尊者<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>，户外納衣。諸阿羅漢謂<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>曰：結使未除，諍議乖謬，爾宜遠跡，勿居此也。<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>曰：諸賢於法無疑，代佛施化，方集大義，欲製正論。我雖不敏，粗達微言，三藏玄文，五明至理，頗亦沉研，得其趣矣。諸羅漢曰：言不可以若是，汝宜屏居，疾證無學，已而會此，時未晚也。<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>曰：我顧無學，其猶涕唾，志求佛果，不趍小徑，擲此縷丸，未墜於地，必當證得無學聖果。……於是<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>即擲縷丸空中，諸天接縷丸而請曰：方證佛果，次補<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>，三界特尊，四生攸賴，如何於此，欲證小果？時諸羅漢見是事已，謝咎推德，請爲上座。凡有疑議，咸取决焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#526" id="544">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">迦多演尼</span>：又云「<span class="zhuanming">迦多衍那子</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延子</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延尼子</span>」等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">剪剃種</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">文飾</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">好肩</span>等，爲説一切有部的大論師﹑<span class="shuming">發智論</span>的著者。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷一：「<span class="zhuanming">迦多演尼子</span>：<span class="shuming">西域記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">迦陀衍那</span>，佛滅度後<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00101','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P101</span></i>三百年出，造<span class="shuming">發智論</span>，舊訛云<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>。」<span class="shuming">發智論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯二十卷。因與六足論相對，又稱<span class="shuming">發智身論</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一：「言六足者，<span class="zhuanming">舍利子</span>造<span class="shuming">集異門足論</span>，一萬二千頌，略本八千頌（「舍利」，此云「百舌鳥」也，「子」是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言）。<span class="zhuanming">大目乾連</span>造<span class="shuming">法藴足論</span>，六千頌（<span class="zhuanming">目乾連</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">採菽氏</span>。「大」是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言。故<span class="shuming">法藴足論</span>云<span class="zhuanming">大採菽氏</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">大迦多衍那</span>造<span class="shuming">施設足論</span>，一萬八千頌（「迦多」，此云「剪剃」。「衍」，此云「種」。「那」是男聲。婆羅門中一姓也）。已上三論，佛在世時造。佛涅槃後一百年中，<span class="zhuanming">提婆設摩</span>造<span class="shuming">識身足論</span>，七千頌（此云<span class="zhuanming">天寂</span>）。至三百年初，<span class="zhuanming">筏蘇密多羅</span>造<span class="shuming">品類足論</span>，六千頌（即是舊<span class="shuming">衆事分阿毗曇</span>也）。又造<span class="shuming">界身足論</span>，廣本六千頌，略本七百頌（<span class="zhuanming">筏蘇密多羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>。非婆沙會<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>，同名異體）。至三百年末，<span class="zhuanming">迦多衍尼子</span>造<span class="shuming">發智論</span>，二萬五千頌。後代誦者，廣略不同，一本一萬八千頌，一本一萬六千頌，此本即是和上所翻。前之六論，義門稍少，<span class="shuming">發智</span>一論，法門最廣，故後代論師説六爲足，<span class="shuming">發智</span>爲身。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#527" id="545">〔一五〕</a>風猷：風教德化。　傍：廣博﹑普遍。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#528" id="546">〔一六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">喀什米爾</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>，舊曰<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，訛也。<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>境。周七千餘里。四境負山，山極峭峻。雖有門徑，而復隘狹，自古鄰敵無能攻伐。國大都城西臨大河，南北十二三里，東西四五里。宜稼穡，多花果。出龍種馬及鬱金香﹑火珠﹑藥草。氣序寒勁，多雪少風。服毛褐，衣白㲲。土俗輕僄，人性懦怯。國爲龍護，遂雄鄰境。容貌姘美，情性詭詐。好學多聞，邪正兼信。伽藍百餘所，僧徒五千餘人。有四窣堵波，並<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>建也。」　六通：亦稱六神通。三乘聖者所得之神通，即天眼通﹑天耳通﹑他心通﹑宿命通﹑神足通﹑漏盡通。五<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00102','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P102</span></i>百六通指具備六神通的五百羅漢。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#529" id="547">〔一七〕</a>八藴：<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨發智論</span>有八品，稱爲「八犍度」，譯作「八藴」﹑「八聚」等。<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>五百大阿羅漢等造，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯，廣明法義，備列衆説，爲解釋此八藴之法門者。<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論序</span>：「集種種異相論道，制爲雜藴；集結論道，制爲結藴；集智論道，制爲智藴；集業論道，制爲業藴；集大種論道，制爲大種藴；集根論道，制爲根藴；集定論道，制爲定藴；集見論道，制爲見藴。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#530" id="548">〔一八〕</a>大：原誤作「文」，據文義改。</span> </p><p> <span>至五百年，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>學窮域内，自謂一切智人，方立爲大師<a class="zhuhao" href="#556" id="549">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達龍</span>引入于宫，示以塵沙祕藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#557" id="550">〔二〕</a>。媿所負罪，九旬假誦於龍宫，而特悔其所稱者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">南天竺國</span>梵志也。誦四韋陀，因入王宫。猒欲出家，經論誦盡，嫌佛所説經不多。後龍王請入宫，經九十日，點經題不盡，深悔言失，通解造<span class="shuming">智度論</span>十萬偈。<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>立廟，敬奉如佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#558" id="551">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【媿】居位切，慚也。【負】擔也，荷也。</span> <span>其所誦習，人閒或得之。由是廣製諸論，丕守先教。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">丕，大也。謂大能弘守先聖之教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【人間或得之】有云<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>是。</span> <span>洎千年，<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>初學小乘，常欲不利於大乘。其兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>愍之，假疾召使至，具以微言誨。<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>退而省其咎，矍然將自援刀斷舌<a class="zhuhao" href="#559" id="552">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誨】誘也。【省】息井切，審查也。【矍】居縛切，急視也。【援】音垣，引也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">無著</span>聿來其前<a class="zhuhao" href="#560" id="553">〔五〕</a>，止之曰：「罪自汝心，匪舌之咎。昔既以毁，今盍以讚？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盍，何不也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聿】余律切，疾遂也。【盍】胡蠟切，何不也。</span> <span>斷之何補焉？」遂乃制論千部。或宗或釋，翊贊于五乘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#561" id="554">〔六〕</a>。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00103','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P103</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">天親</span>菩薩，<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">留婁沙富羅國</span>人。兄弟三人俱在有部出家。兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>，先悟大乘，常往<span class="zhuanming">兜率</span>請<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>説瑜伽。<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>在有部日，先造小乘論五百部，廣非大乘。後因<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>化之，既悟大乘，乃却造五百本大乘論，廣贊大乘，故號「千部論主」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#562" id="555">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翊】音弋，輔翊也。【贊】佐也，助也。【天親】古師皆云<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>，三藏譯云<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>。【留樓沙富國】<span class="shuming">記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span>人。【兄弟三人】<span class="shuming">記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>弟子名<span class="zhuanming">師子覺</span>，似非兄弟也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#549" id="556">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">那伽阿周陀那</span>」，又意譯爲「<span class="zhuanming">龍猛</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">龍勝</span>」等，大乘佛教中觀派的創始人，著有<span class="shuming">中論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十住毗婆沙論</span>等大量大乘論典，被<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛教的幾個宗派奉爲祖師，常被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>。　一切智人：具足一切智的人。一切智就是周知一切的智慧。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#550" id="557">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿耨達龍</span>：爲八大龍王之一，住於<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>，遠離三患，於諸馬形龍王中，其德最勝。　塵沙：如塵如沙，比喻極多。　祕藏：隱而不傳於人曰祕，藴蓄於内曰藏。諸佛之妙法，以諸佛守護之，不妄宣説，故稱祕藏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#551" id="558">〔三〕</a>韋陀：婆羅門所傳經典之名。大本别爲四分，故曰四韋陀。詳參<span class="shuming">異學篇</span>「圍陀」注。這裏所説<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>事，詳參<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">龍樹菩薩傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#552" id="559">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">世親</span>：又譯作「<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>之弟，生於佛滅後九百年間的<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">阿逾陀國</span>，初研學小乘，後因長兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>示誨，懺悔小執之非，弘宣大乘。造<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>﹑<span class="shuming">唯識</span>等大小乘論各五百部，被號爲「千部論主」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">阿逾陁國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伐蘇畔度菩薩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>，舊曰<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>，譯曰<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>，訛謬也。」　<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>：<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>（<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>）菩薩之兄。　愍：憂慮。　矍然：驚懼貌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#553" id="560">〔五〕</a>聿：迅速地。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00104','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P104</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#554" id="561">〔六〕</a>翊贊：輔助，輔佐。　按：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">阿逾陁國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">世親菩薩</span>自<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>至於此也，時<span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>命其門人，令往迎候，至此伽藍，遇而會見。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>弟子止户牖外，夜分之後，誦<span class="shuming">十地經</span>。<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>聞已，感悟追悔：『甚深妙法，昔所未聞，誹謗之愆，源發於舌，舌爲罪本，今宜除斷。』即執銛刀，欲自斷舌。乃見<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>住立告曰：『夫大乘教者，至真之理也。諸佛所讚，衆聖攸宗。吾欲誨爾，爾今自悟。悟其時矣，何善如之？諸佛聖教，斷舌非悔。昔以舌毁大乘，今以舌讚大乘，補過自新，猶爲善矣。杜口絶言，其利安在？』作是語已，忽不復見。<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>承命，遂不斷舌。旦詣<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>，諮受大乘。於是研精覃思，製大乘論凡百餘部，並盛宣行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#555" id="562">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">留婁沙富羅國</span>：意譯「<span class="zhuanming">丈夫國</span>」，在<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>。<span class="shuming">婆藪槃豆法師傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆法師</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">富婁沙富羅國</span>人也。富婁沙譯爲丈夫，富羅譯爲土。……<span class="zhuanming">毗搜紐天</span>，既居此地，顯丈夫能，因此立名，稱<span class="zhuanming">丈夫國</span>。」　有部：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名「薩婆多」，「説一切有部」之略，小乘宗之一。有爲無爲之一切法，都立爲實有，故云「説一切有部」。佛滅後三百年初，於上座部中分立。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦正</span>世，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">正</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">祖龍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦襄王</span>之子。收六國，築萬里長城，令方士入海往<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>求仙藥也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姓嬴】音盈，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>姓也。<span class="shuming">地理志</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之先曰<span class="zhuanming">伯益</span>，佐<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>治水，爲<span class="zhuanming">舜</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>官，養草木鳥獸，乃賜姓<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>氏。</span> <span>有十八沙門自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>至<a class="zhuhao" href="#572" id="563">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>等十八人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#573" id="564">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>彼暴<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>方有事于天下，不遑大道。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遑，及也。不及行於大道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不遑】暇也。</span> <span>醜我有德，獄沙門於重垣，爲力士神奮威擊垣<a class="zhuhao" href="#574" id="565">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>惟降服禮謝，道人却反西國。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醜】惡也，臭也，視我有德者如臭穢。【奮】發怒也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00105','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P105</span></i> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之於吾道也，如石不濡於水焉。膏肓之門，不足以發藥，其在此也<a class="zhuhao" href="#575" id="566">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>方無道，以善化之，故不相投也。<span class="zhuanming">晉景公</span>有疾，求醫于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。夢疾化爲二豎子，曰：彼良醫也，懼傷我焉。其一曰：居肓之上，膏之下，若我何醫？至曰：疾不可爲也。今<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>暴惡，不足以善化，若疾之膏肓也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濡】音儒，霑濡。【膏肓】上音高，<span class="shuming">元命包</span>云：液也。下音荒，心上膈下也。【發】進也。【豎】臣庾切，音樹，童子未冠曰豎。【於秦】於，由，用也，行也。</span> <span>雖當時沙門不見申於<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>而鞠之，亦頗得其由矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>等雖不蒙<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之見遇而又禁之，蓋以<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>暴而不納於善，亦爲<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>之因也<a class="zhuhao" href="#576" id="567">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞠】音匊，惟躬也。【頗】音坡。又音叵，偏也。【由矣】因也。</span> <span>夫人心險易，閒于山川。爾後所來，實幸<span class="zhuanming">失利房</span>等先嘗之，不求之不至也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嘗，試也。以<span class="zhuanming">失利房</span>等先試來<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，雖不納，後來三藏幸此事而知之。故若無<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>使人求請，即不至於此也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【險易】情有奸險者，有通易者。【間】古閑切，近也，隔也。【嘗】試也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>七年辛卯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以年曆推之，合是甲子。今作辛卯，悮。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【永平三年】<span class="shuming">開皇三寶録</span>等皆云七年。【辛卯】若是三年，應是庚申。若是七年，應是甲子，辛卯者悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">顯宗</span>夢金人</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顯宗</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>第二主<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">光武</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">陰皇后</span>所生。</span> <span>項佩日光，在殿庭而飛。乃宵衣俟旦<a class="zhuhao" href="#577" id="568">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">俟，待也。夜夢金人，身有光明，遂坐以待明。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宵】夜也，中夜衣冠以待旦問其事。</span> <span>召群臣以問。<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>對曰：「是佛神也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時<span class="zhuanming">王遵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>等奏：「<span class="zhuanming">周昭王</span>二十四年，大史<span class="zhuanming">蘇由</span>云：『西國佛生，一千年後聲教流此。』今千載餘，合是佛神來至也。」</span> <span>俾<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>將命求諸夢。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遂使<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>等一十八人往西國求之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00106','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P106</span></i>【愔】於心切，精也。【將求諸夢】<span class="shuming">夢篇</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">高宗</span>夢得<span class="zhuanming">説</span>，使百工營求諸野，猶<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>夢金人，使求諸<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>也。</span> <span>及<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">攝摩騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>遇焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至<span class="zhuanming">月氏國</span>，見二三藏，一姓<span class="zhuanming">迦攝</span>名<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>，一姓<span class="zhuanming">竺</span>名<span class="zhuanming">法蘭</span>也。</span> <span>彼二士宿藴遐遊濟俗之志，獲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>而合矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>等見二三藏於<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>，求請以歸<span class="zhuanming">漢國</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宿藴】素積也。【大月氏】下音支，此有二，一在<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，属<span class="zhuanming">北印土</span>，有佛影處，至下當叙。二在<span class="zhuanming">大苑康居</span>之西，是<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">張騫</span>到者。不知此至何<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>也。</span> <span>十年甲午，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本作丁卯，甲午悮。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【十年甲午】<span class="shuming">三寶録</span>是丁卯，又<span class="shuming">陶隱居年歷</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>夢金人是<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十一年戊辰歲，與諸書又不同爾者也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>使至自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>。二沙門入于<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>，都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。</span> <span>獻<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>圖像並諸經。於是肇有寺于<span class="zhuanming">洛城</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三藏初至，館于鴻臚寺。以白馬馱經而來，遂呼爲<span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>。若就<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語爲僧伽藍，此爲衆園，謂行道處也<a class="zhuhao" href="#578" id="569">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鴻臚寺】鴻，大也。中音閭，天子九寺，鴻臚寺在<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>之西，改名<span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>。【圖像】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本作者，悮。</span> <span>爲像於<span class="zhuanming">南宫</span><span class="zhuanming">清涼臺</span>及<span class="zhuanming">關陽門</span><span class="zhuanming">顯節陵</span>上也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆於此等處圖像也。</span> <span>其經始命翻譯，以<span class="shuming">四十二章</span>載其首，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>二三藏最初譯經一卷，號<span class="shuming">四十二章經</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【載】去呼，則也，始也。</span> <span>緘于蘭臺石室，俟可聞者聞焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#579" id="570">〔八〕</a>。於穆哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蘭臺石室，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>藏書閟閣也。於，嗟歎之辭。穆，敬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【於穆】上音嗚，呼歎也。穆，敬也，原也，清也，和也，美也。</span> <span>夫聖教之於時，其可順也，不可强也。順則渥物，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">渥，霑也。謂若<span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>之代而來。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【渥】於角切，沾閏也。</span> <span>强則疵物。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若<span class="zhuanming">秦代</span>而來。疵，病也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疵】疾移切，黑病也。</span> <span>故推引之道，非至智不能見之矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#580" id="571">〔九〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00107','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P107</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#563" id="572">〔一〕</a>沙門：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語音譯，或譯爲「娑門」﹑「桑門」﹑「喪門」等，出家佛教徒的總稱。原爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>反婆羅門教思潮各個派别出家者的通稱，佛教盛行後專指佛教僧侣。<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">後漢紀</span><span class="shuming">明帝紀下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>者，佛也。……其精者，號爲沙門。沙門者，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>言息心，蓋息意去欲而歸於無爲也。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「諸服其道者，則剃落鬚髮，釋累辭家，結師資，遵律度，相與和居，治心修浄，行乞以自給。謂之沙門，或曰桑門，亦聲相近，總謂之僧，皆胡言也。僧，譯爲和命衆，桑門爲息心，比丘爲行乞。」<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">沙門</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">肇師</span>云：出家之都名也。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云沙迦懣曩，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言勤息，謂此人勤修善品，息諸惡故。又<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>譯云勤行，謂勤修善法，行趣涅槃也。或云沙門那，或云桑門，皆譯人<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>爾。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#564" id="573">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>：<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>僧人，傳説中<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>時期來<span class="zhuanming">華</span>傳教的十八人之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#565" id="574">〔三〕</a>重垣：一道又一道牆壁，謂設防森嚴。　<span class="shuming">佛祖統紀</span>卷三四：「<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>四年，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>等十八人，齎佛經來化，帝以其異俗囚之。夜有丈六金神破户出之，帝驚，稽首稱謝，以厚禮遣出境。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#566" id="575">〔四〕</a>膏肓：心尖脂肪爲「膏」，心臟舆膈膜之間爲「肓」，傳統中醫認爲「膏肓」是藥力達不到的地方。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#567" id="576">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>：<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>與<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>，初傳佛教於<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>的人。<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span>派遣<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>等於<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>求法，遇<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年與<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>等共至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，譯<span class="shuming">四十二章經</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地有佛法，自此始。<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>傳見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一，<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>傳見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#568" id="577">〔六〕</a>宵衣：天不亮就起身穿衣。<span class="zhuanming">徐陵</span><span class="shuming">陳文皇帝哀册文</span>：「勤民聽政，昃食宵衣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#569" id="578">〔七〕</a>鴻臚寺：官署名，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>曰典客，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>改爲大行令，<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>時又改名大鴻臚。鴻臚，本爲大聲傳贊，引導儀節之意。大鴻臚主外賓之事。至<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，置鴻臚寺，後代沿置。　<span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>：建於<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十一<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00108','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P108</span></i>年（六八），是佛教傳入<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>後第一所官辦寺院。　僧伽藍：僧伽羅磨，即寺院。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#570" id="579">〔八〕</a>蘭臺：宫内藏書之所。　石室：藏圖書檔案處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#571" id="580">〔九〕</a>推引：推薦引進。</span> </p><p> <span>人亦有言曰：夫<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>何世，<span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>何德？蓋元淳漸澆<a class="zhuhao" href="#584" id="581">〔一〕</a>，仁義漸廢，<span class="shuming">道德</span>與五經將墜于地，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>時，道德既薄，文籍將墜。言世澆漓之甚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淳】清也，朴也。【五經】<span class="shuming">周易</span>﹑<span class="shuming">尚書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">樂記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">春秋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>五經。【澆漓】上音嬌，下音離，薄淡無味也。</span> <span>而慈運遠構，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教彌布。使此方黷先所習者<a class="zhuhao" href="#585" id="582">〔二〕</a>，忻新所聞，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛法於澆薄之代而來，使猒仁義禮樂者，忻其新教，改往習新而行之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【構】架也，合也。【彌】遠也。【黷】垢也。</span> <span>革違從勸，三訓萃舉，以光被天下也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">訓，教也。萃，集也。以三教集舉而化世也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【革】改也。【違】背也。【勸】勉也。【萃】集也，聚也。【舉】揚也，立也。【光被】光覆也。<span class="shuming">書</span>云：「光被四外。」</span> <span>故吾道焉將不可舉，雖千年，參辰背焉；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">吾教爲化導之本，若與世未合，縱歷千載之期，若參星與辰星，必不相合也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【參】參，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>分之星名，於相衝者爲星名。</span> <span>將可舉，雖萬里，風馬通焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其或教可舉，行途雖萬里，亦可通也。風馬謂牝牡相逐也。<span class="zhuanming">齊桓</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>子云：至於風馬牛不相及也<a class="zhuhao" href="#586" id="583">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【風馬】<span class="shuming">費誓</span>曰：馬牛其風，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐。注：風，逸也。萬里風馬者，<span class="zhuanming">僖公</span>四年，<span class="zhuanming">齊桓</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>子云：惟是風馬牛不相及。風，牧也。牡牝相逐謂之風。鄰國可以相及。此隔<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，是不相及也。【牝牡】上毗忍切，畜母也。下音母，牡也走，曰牝牡。</span> <span>是以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00109','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P109</span></i><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>詔降于天陲，聖日出于東方。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陲，邊也。謂<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>等至<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>。聖日，謂<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>東來也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陲】音垂，邊也。</span> <span>燭生靈於重垠，示大覺於昭回。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">垠，邊也。佛日照燭群品，光華天地也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【垠】音銀，岸也。【詔】照也，照人暗不見事，使昭然可詔也。【昭回】昭，光也；回，明轉也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#581" id="584">〔一〕</a>元淳：天真樸素。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#582" id="585">〔二〕</a>黷：輕慢不敬。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#583" id="586">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公四年</span>：「君處北海，寡人處南海，唯是風馬牛不相及也。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫假一宵之夢，樹風聲於萬古，如<span class="zhuanming">帝莊</span>者<a class="zhuhao" href="#595" id="587">〔一〕</a>，天下實有君矣；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>一夢金人，西求教法，始立風範，聲教終爲萬古之規。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【假】託也。【樹】上聲，立也。</span> <span>宣心茂猷，光啓<span class="zhuanming">有漢</span>，如<span class="zhuanming">王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢室</span>實有臣矣；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">茂，盛；猷，圖也。宣心盛圖，開明<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>祚。謂<span class="zhuanming">王遵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宣】布也。【茂】弘也。【猷】道也。</span> <span>爲法王之遺徒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遺，苗。徒，弟。</span> <span>弘嗣德音，如<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>實有僧矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">能嗣聲教。</span> <span>眇觀前古，豐德厚利實勤於生民者，民荷其賜，播其休烈，盛于祠秩<a class="zhuhao" href="#596" id="588">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">眇，細也。觀前代有利於民，感其恩，必揚其美，業大陳于享祀也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祠】音詞，<span class="shuming">公羊傳</span>云：春祭曰祠。又，廟也。【秩】直一切，次序也，積也。積蒭養牲。【享祭】上獻也，下祭也。</span> <span>故<span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「法施於生民，死則祀之。以勞定國則祀之，以能禦大災則祀之，能捍大難則祀之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#597" id="589">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禦】音語，止也。【捍】音汗，拒也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>與二三臣暢金仙之教，適<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00110','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P110</span></i>未聞之俗，使人以悃悃之誠<a class="zhuhao" href="#598" id="590">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">悃悃，切也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【炎氏】<span class="zhuanming">光武</span>火德王天下，故曰<span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>，如<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>號<span class="zhuanming">炎帝</span>。【適】樂也，善也。【悃】苦本切，志純一也。</span> <span>知罪福所歸，猒有涯之形，尚滅心之理<a class="zhuhao" href="#599" id="591">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>與二三臣初道開佛教，使迷倒之俗，悟解罪福，猒有盡之身，達證無生之理<a class="zhuhao" href="#600" id="592">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>恢恢焉玄化之功，冠乎仁祠。而世不崇其寢，昭其奠禮，雖古之云闕，而今亦未得也<a class="zhuhao" href="#601" id="593">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">恢恢，廓也。以其功雖恢廓，造化於祠典，合冠其首，而世不崇其寢廟，明其亨奠，於古之云闕，今亦未得不闕也<a class="zhuhao" href="#602" id="594">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恢】苦迴切，大也。【冠乎仁祠】上音貫。【崇】高也，奉也。【寢】寢廟也。前廟後寢也。【奠】定也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#587" id="595">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">帝莊</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">劉莊</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#588" id="596">〔二〕</a>眇觀：諦視，仔細看。　荷：承蒙。　休烈：盛美的功業。　祠秩：待遇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#589" id="597">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">祭法</span>：「夫聖王之制祭祀也，法施於民則祀之，以死勤事則祀之，以勞定國則祀之，能禦大菑則祀之，能捍大患則祀之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#590" id="598">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>自稱以火德王，故稱<span class="zhuanming">炎漢</span>。這裏<span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>當指<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span>。　金仙：指佛。　悃悃：忠誠貌。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">卜居</span>：「吾寧悃悃款款，朴以忠乎？將送往勞來，斯無窮乎？」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「志純一也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#591" id="599">〔五〕</a>罪福：五逆十惡等爲罪，五戒十善等爲福。罪有苦報，福有樂果。　𤞣：嫌惡。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#592" id="600">〔六〕</a>證：即證果，亦即開悟。　無生之理：涅槃的道理。涅槃之真理無生滅，故曰無生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#593" id="601">〔七〕</a>玄化：聖德教化。　仁祠：佛教的祭祀。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四二<span class="shuming">楚王英</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>王誦<span class="zhuanming">黄老</span>之微言，尚<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>之仁祠。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00111','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P111</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#594" id="602">〔八〕</a>祠典：有關祭祀的典制。　寢廟：指宗廟。宗廟的正殿稱廟，後殿稱寢，合稱爲寢廟。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">月令</span>：「寢廟畢備。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「凡廟，前曰廟，後曰寢。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「廟是接神之處，其處尊，故在前，寢，衣冠所藏之處，對廟爲卑，故在後。但廟制有東西廂，有序牆，寢制惟室而已。故<span class="shuming">釋宫</span>云『室有東西廂曰廟，無東西廂有室曰寢』是也。」　亨奠：祭奠。亨，同「享」。</span> </p><p> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>中興之始，涓涓乎濫觴<a class="zhuhao" href="#609" id="603">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">濫，溢也。<span class="zhuanming">漢水</span>初出，只可溢於一觴。佛法自<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>之初，涓涓細流，如<span class="zhuanming">漢水</span>之初出也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【涓】水小流皃也。【濫】泉正出曰濫。【觴】音傷，酒器實曰觴，虚曰觶。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>流束薪<a class="zhuhao" href="#610" id="604">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span>之代，漸如流於束薪。</span> <span>迄今我<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>，其風寖廣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>佛法初至，到今巨<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>，其法漸廣矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【我唐】指<span class="zhuanming">唐憲宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元和</span>年也。【寖】音浸，漬也，漸也。</span> <span>鞠搜衆部，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鞠，窮也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞠搜】推求也。</span> <span>八千餘卷。今來<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧，翻譯未已。其間<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>之世，二<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>之家，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南齊</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭道成</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭衍</span>，兩朝二<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>，並都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>也。</span> <span>學優詞洽，多乎製撰，如<span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span><span class="zhuanming">子良</span>鈔集衆經，别爲七十部二百五十九卷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span>以部類抄集之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【優】瞻也。【洽】普也。【竟陵王】<span class="zhuanming">竟陵</span>，郡名，王封彼也。<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭子良</span>。</span> <span>雖當時自意不欲外傳，而後世寫之，編諸正録。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【編】次也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>太子<span class="zhuanming">綱</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">簡文帝</span>。</span> <span>撰<span class="shuming">法寶聯璧</span>二百卷。沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#611" id="605">〔三〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">撰<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>十六卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弘明集二十卷】注悮，一十六卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#612" id="606">〔四〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">住<span class="zhuanming">虎丘山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蕭昂</span>往禮之，高卧不起，人號爲<span class="zhuanming">梁代</span>素王。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【素】王素空也，無位而王也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">寶唱</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#613" id="607">〔五〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">楊都</span><span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>僧，博識洽聞，<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>令撰<span class="shuming">經律異相</span>五十卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">智藏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#614" id="608">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>高僧，聰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00112','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P112</span></i>明博識。</span> <span>咸皆纘述，頗多條目。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【纘】作管切，繼也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#603" id="609">〔一〕</a>濫觴：江河發源處水很小，僅可浮起酒杯。<span class="zhuanming">酈道元</span><span class="shuming">水經注</span>卷三三<span class="shuming">江水一</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">江</span>水自此已上至微弱，所謂發源濫觴者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#604" id="610">〔二〕</a>束薪：一捆薪柴。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">王風</span><span class="shuming">揚之水</span>：「揚之水，不流束薪。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#605" id="611">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">俞</span>，<span class="zhuanming">江蘇</span><span class="zhuanming">江寧</span>人。搜集有關佛經翻譯原委﹑序﹑譯經者之傳記等資料撰<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>，並將四至五世紀間佛教與<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>固有思想之論争及其他文書輯爲<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>，還有著述多部。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#606" id="612">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span><span class="zhuanming">富春</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">天監</span>六年製注<span class="shuming">般若經</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#607" id="613">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">寶唱</span>：<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>弟子，奉敕與<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>等共撰<span class="shuming">經律異相</span>等。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#608" id="614">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">顧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span>人。精通經論及戒律，與<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>並稱爲<span class="zhuanming">梁代</span>三大法師。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span>後葉或有廢通莊而遵歧路者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">通莊，大路，謂正經也。歧，小路，群集也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【通莊】譯官云一達曰道路，二達曰歧旁，三達曰劇旁，四達曰衢，五達曰康，六達曰莊，七達曰驂劇，八達曰崇期，九達曰逵。</span> <span>時太學<span class="zhuanming">江泌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#629" id="615">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梁朝</span>學士。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泌】音祕。</span> <span>女年始八歲，自<span class="zhuanming">永元</span>元年至<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>四年，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">永元</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>年號。<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>年號，自己卯至乙酉，計七年。</span> <span>静坐閉目，自然誦出三十卷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今藏内有題目而無經文，既非佛語，今在僞録也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三十卷】合云三十五卷。</span> <span>議者以爲天授之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#630" id="616">〔二〕</a>。夫<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00113','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P113</span></i>何區别其真僞哉？大乘以一法謂實相也<a class="zhuhao" href="#631" id="617">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">實相謂真如也<a class="zhuhao" href="#632" id="618">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【區】分也。</span> <span>小乘三焉，謂諸行無常﹑諸法無我﹑涅槃寂静<a class="zhuhao" href="#633" id="619">〔五〕</a>。然有乖乎此者，則不爲吾教也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【乖】違背。</span> <span>其有蕪累凡淺如<span class="shuming">七佛神呪</span>﹑<span class="shuming">普賢證明</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法華度量</span>﹑<span class="shuming">天地八陽</span>﹑<span class="shuming">延壽命</span>等經，乖於衆典，失聖言之體，存乎疑僞，非所論也<a class="zhuhao" href="#634" id="620">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並存疑僞録。</span> <span>其或質濁繁細，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">陰持入</span>﹑<span class="shuming">道地</span>等經<a class="zhuhao" href="#635" id="621">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕪累】猶繁蕪也。【凡淺】文體俗近。【質】朴不文也。【濁】不清也。【繁】不簡也。【陰】去聲呼。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>失譯並<span class="shuming">藥師</span>等經<a class="zhuhao" href="#636" id="622">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">尸利蜜多羅</span>乃與<span class="zhuanming">鹿野寺</span><span class="zhuanming">惠簡</span>譯，今在正録<a class="zhuhao" href="#637" id="623">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span>雖不雅奥，且非虧謬，驗之重譯，不可廢也<a class="zhuhao" href="#638" id="624">〔一○〕</a>。然得禽雖一目之網，而藉萬目資乎一目；出苦雖一門之法，而兼萬法資乎一門<a class="zhuhao" href="#639" id="625">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖以一目獲禽，不可唯開於一目；雖以一法契機，不可唯演於一法。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虧】理缺曰虧。【謬】悮也。【驗】證也。【藉】慈夜﹑慈亦二切，假借也。【資】助也。</span> <span>故演而伸之，爲八萬四千之法藏也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伸】舒布也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>云<a class="zhuhao" href="#640" id="626">〔一二〕</a>：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒼梧</span>太守也，著書曰<span class="shuming">牟子</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【牟子】<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span><span class="shuming">治惑論</span>凡三十七篇，有所法焉。佛經前説者，此第三篇。彼問曰：至寶不華，至言不飾。言約而至者麗，事寡而達者明。故珠玉少而貴，瓦礫多而賤。聖人製七經，不過三萬餘言，衆事備焉。今佛經卷以萬計，言以億數，非以人力所堪也，是繁而不要也。<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>曰：江海異於行潦者，以深廣也；山岳别於丘陵者，以高大也。若高不絶丘阜，則跛羊陵其顛；若深不絶涓流，則孺子浴其淵。故麒麟不處苑囿之中，吞舟之魚不游數仞之溪。剖三寸蚌求明月之珠，採枳棘之巢求鳳凰之鶵，必難獲也。故佛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00114','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P114</span></i>説億劫之事也。【蒼梧太守】<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>注曰：一云<span class="zhuanming">蒼梧</span>太守，人疑。</span> <span>佛經前説億載之事，却道萬世之要。太素未兆，太始未生<a class="zhuhao" href="#641" id="627">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【却】退也。【要】去呼，約也。【兆】<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：分者。</span> <span>乾坤肇興，其微不可握，其纖不可入。佛悉彌綸其廣大之表，剖析其窈眇之内，靡不紀之，故其經卷以萬計，言以億數<a class="zhuhao" href="#642" id="628">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>九十日，龍宫不能盡其籤題。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【握】持也。【纖】微細也。【入】内也。【悉】詳盡也。【彌】益也。【綸】經也。【窈眇】上音杳，深也；下宜渺，遠也。【靡】無也。【籤】表顯也。</span> <span>譬如臨河飲水，飽而自足，焉知其餘哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【焉】何也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#615" id="629">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">江泌</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">士清</span>，<span class="zhuanming">濟陽</span><span class="zhuanming">考城</span>（今屬<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>）人。好讀書，性至仁。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷七三﹑<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷五五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#616" id="630">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">僧伽婆羅傳</span>：「有太學博士<span class="zhuanming">江泌</span>女<span class="zhuanming">僧法</span>者，小年出家。有時静坐，閉目誦出<span class="shuming">浄土</span>﹑<span class="shuming">妙莊嚴</span>等經。始從八歲，終於十六，總出三十五卷。<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>年中在<span class="zhuanming">華光殿</span>，親對<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>誦出異經，<span class="zhuanming">楊都</span>道俗，咸稱神授。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#617" id="631">〔三〕</a>實相：佛教稱宇宙永恒之本性，又名佛性﹑法性﹑真如﹑法身﹑真諦等。佛教認爲凡所有相，皆是虚妄，惟此獨實，不變不壞，故名實相。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷四○：「無相之相，名爲實相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#618" id="632">〔四〕</a>真如：佛教的宇宙本體，亦即絶對不變的永恒「真理」。<span class="shuming">成唯實論</span>卷九：「真謂真實，顯非虚妄；如謂如常，表無變易。謂此真如，於一切位，常如其性，故曰真如。」參「實相」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#619" id="633">〔五〕</a>「小乘三焉」句：指三法印。法印比喻佛教的主要教義，是區分佛法與外道的準繩。三法印爲：一﹑諸行無常印，言一切有爲法，念念生滅而無常；二﹑諸法無我印，言一切有爲無爲諸法中，無有我之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00115','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P115</span></i>實體；三﹑涅槃寂静印，滅一切生死之苦而爲無爲寂静。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷二二：「佛法印有三種：一者一切有爲法，念念生滅皆無常；二者一切法無我；三者寂滅涅槃。」<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經玄義</span>卷八上：「<span class="shuming">釋論</span>云：諸小乘經，若有無常﹑無我﹑涅槃三印印之，即是佛説，修之得道，無三法印即是魔説。大乘經但有一法印，謂諸法實相，名了義經，能得大道，若無實相印，即是魔所説。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#620" id="634">〔六〕</a>蕪累：文辭繁冗累贅。　凡淺：平庸淺陋。　<span class="shuming">七佛神咒</span>：<span class="shuming">七佛所説神咒經</span>，又作<span class="shuming">七佛八菩薩所説大陀羅尼神咒經</span>，四卷，説七佛八菩薩各神咒。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>收入卷二一「祕教部」。　<span class="shuming">普賢證明</span>：<span class="shuming">普賢菩薩説證明經</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時代的經典目録上是作爲僞經而出現的。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>遺書<span class="zhuanming">斯</span>一五五二﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一三六﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一八六有抄本。其中<span class="zhuanming">斯</span>一五五二卷抄本殘缺，首尾不具。<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一三六﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一八六均首尾完整，<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一三六號的經名是「普賢菩薩説此證明經」，<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一八六號的經名是「普賢菩薩證明經」，經的本文被收入<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷八五「古逸部」。　<span class="shuming">法華度量</span>：疑即<span class="shuming">妙法蓮花經度量天地品第二十九</span>，又名<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華度量天地經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">度量天地經</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">法經</span>等撰<span class="shuming">衆經目録</span>有著録。本經因歷代經録斥爲僞經，爲歷代大藏經所不收，幸賴<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>遺書得以保存。其具體情況，見<span class="zhuanming">方廣錩</span><span class="shuming">敦煌遺書中的妙法蓮華經及有關文獻</span>，載<span class="shuming">中華佛學學報</span>第十期。　<span class="shuming">天地八陽</span>：<span class="shuming">天地八陽神咒經</span>。<span class="shuming">貞元新定釋教目録</span>卷二八：「<span class="shuming">天地八陽經</span>一卷，卷末題云<span class="shuming">八陽神咒經</span>，與正經中<span class="shuming">八陽神咒</span>義理全異。此説陰陽﹑吉凶﹑禳災﹑除禍法。」<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>收入卷八五「古逸部」。　<span class="shuming">延壽命</span>：<span class="shuming">佛説延壽命經</span>，一卷。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>收入卷八五「古逸部」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#621" id="635">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">陰持入</span>：二卷。説五陰六入等法相及三十七器道科。　<span class="shuming">道地</span>：一卷，<span class="shuming">修行道地經</span>之略出。兩者<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00116','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P116</span></i>均爲<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#622" id="636">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">藥師經</span>：有五譯：一，題曰<span class="shuming">佛説灌頂拔除過罪生死得脱經</span>，<span class="shuming">佛説灌頂經</span>一二所載，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">帛尸梨蜜多羅</span>譯，一卷。二，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span>譯<span class="shuming">藥師琉璃光經</span>一卷（不入藏經）。三，<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">達摩笈多</span>譯<span class="shuming">佛説藥師如來本願經</span>一卷。四，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯<span class="shuming">藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經</span>一卷。五，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>譯<span class="shuming">藥師琉璃光七佛本願功德經</span>二卷。前四譯單譯出<span class="zhuanming">藥師如來</span>之部，第五<span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>譯於前卷譯出六佛，於後卷譯出<span class="zhuanming">藥師佛</span>。故單言<span class="shuming">藥師經</span>，則爲前四譯，特指<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯。言<span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>譯者，則稱<span class="shuming">七佛藥師經</span>。各家疏注如下：<span class="shuming">藥師經疏</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">窺基</span>撰；<span class="shuming">藥師經鐙焰</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">浄挺</span>著；<span class="shuming">藥師經直解</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">靈耀</span>撰，附<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>文<span class="shuming">神咒</span>；<span class="shuming">藥師經古跡</span>二卷，<span class="zhuanming">新羅</span><span class="zhuanming">太賢</span>撰；<span class="shuming">藥師經鈔</span>二卷，<span class="zhuanming">善珠</span>撰；<span class="shuming">藥師經篡解</span>四卷，<span class="zhuanming">亮汰</span>撰。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#623" id="637">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">惠簡</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span>，<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#624" id="638">〔一○〕</a>重譯：重新翻譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#625" id="639">〔一一〕</a>萬法：猶言「萬事」﹑「萬象」。<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷三○<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>府<span class="zhuanming">華嚴長老</span><span class="shuming">示衆</span>：「萬法從心生，萬法從心滅，皆由你心善惡也。」　「得禽雖一目之網」者，<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">説山訓</span>：「有鳥將來，張羅而待之。得鳥者，羅之一目也。今爲一目之羅，則無時得鳥矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#626" id="640">〔一二〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>，著<span class="shuming">治惑論</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>人避諱，改爲<span class="shuming">理惑論</span>）三十七篇，首載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>，並有注云：一云「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">蒼梧</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">牟子博</span>傳」。此書糅合儒﹑道各家學説，是<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>第一部佛學專著。詳參<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span><span class="shuming">漢魏兩晉南北朝佛教史</span><span class="shuming">牟子作理惑論</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#627" id="641">〔一三〕</a>太素：質之始，道家哲學中代表天地開闢前出現原始物質的宇宙狀態，與太易﹑太初﹑太始﹑太極並<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00117','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P117</span></i>爲「先天五太」，是無極過渡到天地誕生前的五個階段之一。　太始：形之始，即形成物質的原始狀態。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#628" id="642">〔一四〕</a>彌綸：統攝。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「<span class="shuming">易</span>與天地準，故能彌綸天地之道。」　窈眇：精微，幽遠。<span class="shuming">牟子理惑論</span>：「其廣大之外，剖析其寂；窈妙之内，靡不紀之。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">函夏</span>二聖之經<a class="zhuhao" href="#647" id="643">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宣父</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#648" id="644">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>居百氏，如北辰之於懸象矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#649" id="645">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>爲北辰，諸子爲衆星<a class="zhuhao" href="#650" id="646">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【函夏】上音含，容也。下大也。有大容德，乃二聖也。故<span class="shuming">道經</span>云：「孔德之容，唯道是從。」或<span class="zhuanming">函谷關</span>名。<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>也，於<span class="zhuanming">關</span>内<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>著<span class="shuming">道德經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關</span>外<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>述禮樂，故云二聖之經也。【宣父】下音甫。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>之外，猶有象聖之格言：<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">惠施</span>，虚無之流也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">出<span class="shuming">莊子</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【猶】向也。【象聖】宜像字，佀也。【格】至也，式也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">墨翟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">韓非</span>，濟世之流也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">出<span class="shuming">史記</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翟】音狄。【濟世】治國也。</span> <span>其閒<span class="zhuanming">馬遷</span>脩史，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子長</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>時人。爲太史，繼父脩<span class="shuming">史記</span>一百三十卷。</span> <span>先<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>而後六經；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">六經，<span class="shuming">春秋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">尚書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">周易</span>﹑<span class="shuming">樂記</span>爲六也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">班固</span>藝文，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班固</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟堅</span>，修<span class="shuming">前漢書</span>一百二十卷。</span> <span>始儒家而次道德，三於吾宗爲三教，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂儒道<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>。</span> <span>揚日月於不朽。至於廢興取捨，皆繫於時也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或取或捨，或廢或興，皆繫於時數也。</span> <span>其有後世作者，或詞勝於理，或才不及事。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或詞雖富贍，其理踈曠；或事雖備引，而才力不足也。</span> <span>務華去實，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">漏失也。好史筆者於實事多失。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【務】趣也。【去】上去，除也。</span> <span>尚玄否黄，知之者患居浮促，孰能與死者交論？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00118','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P118</span></i>知偏執之非，而所患浮世短促，誰能与前代之人交論是非者矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尚玄】其色黑也。</span> <span>不知者誠誦在心，播流無極。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不了之徒，但知持誦在心，布流無盡而已。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#643" id="647">〔一〕</a>函夏：指<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">揚雄傳上</span>：「以<span class="zhuanming">函夏</span>之<span class="zhuanming">大漢</span>兮，彼曾何足與比功？」<span class="zhuanming">服虔</span>注：「函夏，函諸夏也。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「函，包容也。彼謂<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>也。函讀與含同。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#644" id="648">〔二〕</a>老：原誤作「孝」，據文義改。　<span class="zhuanming">宣父</span>：<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐太宗</span><span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>十一年（六三七），詔尊<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>爲「<span class="zhuanming">宣父</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#645" id="649">〔三〕</a>百氏：諸子百家。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">叙傳下</span>：「緯六經，綴道綱，總百氏，贊篇章。」　懸象：天象，這裏指星辰。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#646" id="650">〔四〕</a>老：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤作「孝」。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「子曰：『爲政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而衆星共之。』」</span> </p><p> <span>然儒教以朝祀喪戎爲國之綱紀，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">朝謂殷眺會覲之禮，祀謂宗廟六禋之事，喪謂弔贈葬臨之儀，戎謂講武征伐之事<a class="zhuhao" href="#667" id="651">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綱紀】綱，索也。大曰綱，小曰紀也。【朝禮喪戎】<span class="shuming">周禮</span>太宗伯掌五禮，謂吉﹑凶，賓﹑軍﹑嘉。如餘記説也。【殷】衆﹑大也。作樂之盛也。【眺】音粜，<span class="shuming">周禮</span>大夫衆來曰眺，寡來曰聘。覜字悮。【會】又<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>有車兵衣冠之會也。【覲】音近，見也。諸侯五年一朝天子曰覲。【六禋】音因，敬也，潔祀也。又，精意祀享爲禋。所祀者，謂星﹑辰﹑司中﹑司命﹑風師﹑雨師爲六，或天地四方曰六也。【弔】問生曰唁，問死曰弔。音釣。【贈】賜死曰贈，助也。【葬】藏尸也。【臨】莅也。如<span class="zhuanming">史鰌</span>死，陳尸牖下，君心臨喪也。【戎】兵人也。【講武】講，告也，謀也，論也。止戈曰武。如<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>有<span class="zhuanming">講武城</span>。【征伐】軍行曰征，加兵曰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00119','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P119</span></i>伐。</span> <span>統行其道，鮮克攸紊。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">攸，所也。紊，亂也。能揔其事而行之，則於禮少有紊亂。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【統】攝也，紀也。【鮮】上呼，少也。【紊】音問，亂也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>之教，理在虚玄，迹參權實<a class="zhuhao" href="#668" id="652">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">理既虚無幽玄，其道或權或實也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虚玄】虚無玄妙者也。【迹參】教承也。【權實】隨機曰權，稱性曰實。虚玄通<span class="zhuanming">釋</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>，權實唯在<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>也。</span> <span>致令中人已下，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上士聞而行之，中士如存若亡，下士侮而笑之<a class="zhuhao" href="#669" id="653">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【致】至也，使也。【上士聞而行之】<span class="shuming">道德經</span>上士等。</span> <span>阿附曲演，非妖則妄。<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>聲亂雅，魚目欺珠<a class="zhuhao" href="#670" id="654">〔四〕</a>，是以道則有<span class="shuming">化胡經</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#671" id="655">〔五〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">王浮</span>道士所撰，一卷。後漸添成十一卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿】平呼，黨也。【附】依倚也。【典演】邪説。【妖】惑也。【妄】謬也。【鄭】淫也。【雅】正也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">夷夏</span>﹑<span class="shuming">三破</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十異九迷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#672" id="656">〔六〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆道門非<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>之文。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夷夏】<span class="shuming">夷夏論</span>，道士<span class="zhuanming">顧歡</span>作。【三破】身﹑家﹑國，亦是<span class="zhuanming">顧道士</span>作也。【十異九迷】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>道士<span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>造，<span class="shuming">異學篇</span>叙。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>則有<span class="shuming">滅惑</span>﹑<span class="shuming">駮夷夏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#673" id="657">〔七〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">甄鑾</span><span class="shuming">笑道論</span>等，並在<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【滅惑】<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#674" id="658">〔八〕</a>造<span class="shuming">滅惑論</span>，破<span class="zhuanming">顧道士</span><span class="shuming">三破論</span>。破如<span class="shuming">外信</span>叙也。【駭夷夏】駭是駮字，僧是<span class="zhuanming">惠通</span>，著<span class="shuming">駮夷夏論</span>。</span> <span><span class="shuming">破邪</span>﹑<span class="shuming">辯正</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#675" id="659">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span>撰。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【破邪】<span class="shuming">破邪論</span>，二卷，<span class="zhuanming">琳法師</span>造，破<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>太史令<span class="zhuanming">傅奕</span>。【辯正】<span class="shuming">辯正論</span>，八卷，<span class="zhuanming">琳法師</span>造，破道士<span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>。</span> <span>紛然陵駕，既悖而往，亦悖而復。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">互相矛楯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陵駕】高驤也。【悖】音勃，逆也。又，音佩，亂也。【楯】宜盾。</span> <span>情意忌慕，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">忌者惡之，慕者好之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忌】憎惡也。【慕】思也。</span> <span>義不由直。相附如糺纆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以曲爲直也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【糺纏】上居黝切，下纆，如索兩股相纏也。</span> <span>相酬如響答。糅以編簡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">糅，雜也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【響答】如空谷虚堂，傳聲響應。答，應也。【糅】女救切，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00120','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P120</span></i>集也。【編簡】上次也，下禮牒。簡，問也。編云扁于文間也。</span> <span>閟以緄縢<a class="zhuhao" href="#676" id="660">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">緄縢，緘也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【閟以緄縢】閟，閉也。緄，古本切，帶也。下徒登切，約也。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小戎</span>云：交韔二弓，竹用緄縢。韔，弓室也。交二弓於韔中，以竹爲閉，然後以繩約之准義解。韔，音唱。</span> <span>豈關十二分五千文之本歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#677" id="661">〔一一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人之旨，元無是非之文。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span>統一世之教以爲三時：謂有教﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="shuming">阿含</span>等是。</span> <span>空教﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="shuming">八部般若</span>等是。</span> <span>不空不有教<a class="zhuhao" href="#678" id="662">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="shuming">解深密經</span>是。</span> <span>此方以五時辯例<a class="zhuhao" href="#679" id="663">〔一三〕</a>，一則四諦﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂苦﹑集﹑滅﹑道四事，小乘教也。</span> <span>二則<span class="shuming">般若</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#680" id="664">〔一四〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="shuming">八部般若</span>空教。</span> <span>三則<span class="shuming">浄名</span>﹑<span class="shuming">思益</span>等﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="shuming">維摩</span>等論不思議教<a class="zhuhao" href="#681" id="665">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span>四<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">會二歸一中道教<a class="zhuhao" href="#682" id="666">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span>五<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">圓寂教。</span> <span>或有謂之不然，今存乎古也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂三時教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#651" id="667">〔一〕</a>殷眺：諸侯定期派使臣朝見天子的禮制。「眺」亦作「覜」。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">秋官</span><span class="shuming">大行人</span>：「時聘以結諸侯之好，殷覜以除邦國之慝。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「殷覜，謂一服朝之歲也……一服朝之歲，五服諸侯皆使卿以聘禮來見覜天子，天子以禮見之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#652" id="668">〔二〕</a>權實：權者權宜，適應一時的教法；實者究竟真實，究竟不變的教法。<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">簡文帝</span><span class="shuming">大法頌序</span>：「二諦現空有之津，二智包權實之底。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#653" id="669">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「上士聞道，勤而行之；中士聞道，若存若亡；下士聞道，大笑之。不笑不足以爲道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#654" id="670">〔四〕</a>阿附：逢迎依附。　亂雅：邪擾亂了正。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「子曰：『惡紫之奪朱也，惡<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>聲之亂雅樂也，惡利口之覆邦家者。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#655" id="671">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">化胡經</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">惠帝</span>時（公元二九○—三○六年），天師道祭酒<span class="zhuanming">王浮</span>每與沙門<span class="zhuanming">帛遠</span>争邪正，遂作<span class="shuming">化胡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00121','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P121</span></i>經</span>一卷，記述<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>入<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>變化爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>，教<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>人爲佛教之事，「以謗佛法」。後陸續增廣爲十卷，成爲道教徒攻擊佛教的依據之一。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>發現有<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>寫本殘卷，有的作<span class="shuming">老子西升化胡經</span>（<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二○○七），有的作<span class="shuming">太上靈寶老子化胡妙經</span>（<span class="zhuanming">斯</span>二○八一），係同書異名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#656" id="672">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">夷夏</span>：道士<span class="zhuanming">顧歡</span>撰<span class="shuming">夷夏論</span>。　<span class="shuming">三破</span>：<span class="shuming">三破論</span>，託名<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">張融</span>作，指斥佛教入國破國，入家破家，入身破身。　<span class="shuming">十異九迷</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>著<span class="shuming">十異九迷論</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#657" id="673">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">滅惑</span>：<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span><span class="shuming">滅惑論</span>。載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷八。　<span class="shuming">駁夷夏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧通</span><span class="shuming">駁顧道士夷夏論</span>，載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷七。　<span class="shuming">笑道論</span>：凡三卷，<span class="zhuanming">北周</span><span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>撰。<span class="zhuanming">北周</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">天和</span>四年（五六九）命司隸大夫<span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>評論佛﹑道二教，翌年二月<span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>上奏本書。其序曰：「爲<span class="shuming">笑道論</span>三卷，合三十六條。三卷者，笑其三洞之名；三十六條者，笑其經有三十六部。」各條皆引道書，論其説之淺薄，不足采信。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#658" id="674">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>：原誤作「劉思協」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#659" id="675">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">破邪論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">辯正論</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>初<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span>撰，前者上下两卷，後者八卷，均爲「破邪顯正」的有關護法的佛學論著。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#660" id="676">〔一○〕</a>閟：關閉。緄縢：纏束。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">秦風</span><span class="shuming">小戎</span>：「竹閉緄縢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#661" id="677">〔一一〕</a>十二分：謂佛教。　五千文：謂道教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#662" id="678">〔一二〕</a>三時：將<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>一生所説經教，根據義理深淺和説法時代，分爲三個時期，稱三時教。第一﹑有教。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道之初，一切凡夫，執著實我，故在四<span class="shuming">阿含經</span>中，爲説五藴法，説明我乃是五藴等法假合，若加分析，則但有法而無我，是爲我空法有論，屬小乘有教。第二﹑空教。二乘行人，初聞有教，雖解我空，尚執法有，佛爲除其法執，爲説<span class="shuming">般若經</span>等，顯示諸法皆空，是爲我法二空論，屬大乘空教。第<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00122','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P122</span></i>三﹑中道教。佛恐行人聞空教後，復起空執，一味執空，如此則無法可修，無佛道可成，落入斷滅空，於是又説<span class="shuming">解深密</span>等經，演唯識三性等教，開示境無識有，圓成實性，非是斷滅，除有﹑空偏執，令入究竟了義，是爲境空心有論，屬大乘中道教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#663" id="679">〔一三〕</a>五時：在佛教經典評判上，主張<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>説法由淺入深分爲五個階段，稱五時教。具體内容，諸説不完全相同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#664" id="680">〔一四〕</a>般若：意譯「智慧」。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷四三：「般若者，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言智慧。一切諸智慧中，最爲第一，無上無比無等，更無勝者，窮盡到邊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#665" id="681">〔一五〕</a>不思議：不可思議。謂深妙希奇，不可用心思慮，不可用言語議論。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#666" id="682">〔一六〕</a>中道教：佛教稱脱離「兩邊」（兩個極端）﹑非有非無爲中道，認爲是最高真諦。按照佛教三時判教之説，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>在説法的第三時所説之教爲中道教。參「三時」條注。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
法籍興第三
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133829" key="1133829"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 卷第二 &gt; 法籍興第三 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133826" key="1133826"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00078','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P78</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000013">法籍興第三<span class="font12 zhu">此篇明<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>一代時教經律論興建之由也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：法謂教法，籍謂典籍。興，起也<a class="zhuhao" href="#439" id="425">〔一〕</a>。此篇明三教典籍興建之由。下云先<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>而後六經等，可只佛等。</span></p><p> <span>道樹降魔，穆清天下。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛初成道於<span class="zhuanming">伽耶城</span>菩提樹下金剛座上，以智慧力降魔之後，法界肅静也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【降魔】降，伏也。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語魔羅，此云破壞，從功能受稱而通四魔。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語波卑夜，此云惡者，唯目天魔。言波旬者，訛略也。【菩提樹下】菩提云覺，末伽云道。詳二優劣。</span> <span>垂世立教，四十九年。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以三十成道，四十九年説法度人，七十九歲入滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【垂世立教】垂，示也。</span> <span>以經律論爲三藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#440" id="426">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經爲修多羅藏，律爲毗奈耶藏，論爲摩得勒迦藏也。</span> <span>以五戒﹑十善﹑四諦﹑十二緣﹑六度爲五乘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#441" id="427">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">五戒爲人乘，十善爲天乘，四諦爲聲聞乘，十二緣生爲緣覺乘，六波羅蜜爲菩薩乘<a class="zhuhao" href="#442" id="428">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span>統之以十二分<a class="zhuhao" href="#443" id="429">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一契經﹑二應頌﹑三記别﹑四重説﹑五自説﹑六緣起﹑七譬喻﹑八本事﹑九本生﹑十方廣﹑十一希有法﹑十二論義，亦呼十二部教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【統】他綜切，攝也，總也，紀也。</span> <span>開之爲四宗。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經﹑律﹑論﹑呪。</span> <span>教始興乎一音，而大協于群心，目之曰甘露，亦謂之毒鼓<a class="zhuhao" href="#444" id="430">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">應其病者，除其熱惱，故曰甘露。不<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00079','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P79</span></i>應其病，起煩惱故，謂之毒鼓。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【協】胡頰切，順也，和也，合也。【毒皷】<span class="shuming">涅盤經</span>云。應云毒藥，言甘露也。</span> <span>至聖既没而微言殆絶，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至聖即<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>遽命應真之侣千人<a class="zhuhao" href="#445" id="431">〔七〕</a>，撰定詮序，俾罔墜厥旨。<span class="zhuanming">王城</span>始會，造于石室，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">撰音選。自佛滅度荼毗之後，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>命羅漢千人，往<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅窟</span>結集法藏，請<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>爲檀護主也<a class="zhuhao" href="#446" id="432">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【遽】詮量也，急也。【序】次也。【俾】使也。【旨】趣也。【畢鉢羅窟】<span class="zhuanming">七葉嵓</span>也。【無憂】注悮，應云<span class="zhuanming">阿闍世王</span>。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">龜氏</span>尸其位，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">尸，主也。<span class="zhuanming">龜氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【龜氏】<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>也。【尸】主也。</span> <span>首唱<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>，令誦律部<a class="zhuhao" href="#447" id="433">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>者，是諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子剃髮師。諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子出家，遂以瓔珞環釧奉之。<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>得已，内自思惟：「此人性高體貴，尚能捨去。況我貧賤，守寶受苦。」乃懸樹上，誰有須者任意，因求出家，常弘律部。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【瓔珞】頸飾也。【環】佩飾也。【釧】臂飾也。【優波離】三藏云<span class="zhuanming">鄔波離</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">近執眉</span>，親近太子執事之臣，佛家人者，非。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">波離</span>避席將就座，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>初於<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅</span>置三法座：一令集律藏﹑一令集經藏﹑一令集論藏。故<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>起就座也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【避席】讓也。</span> <span>禮僧足而昇，執象牙扇。如先佛所説，不愆于文字。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一依佛在而説，並不愆少一文一字也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【執象牙扇】唯<span class="shuming">十誦律</span>有此語，竹林石室所莊飾扇。【愆】去乾切。</span> <span>一千漏盡，迭察迭書，再覆其言，然後乃定。滿八十反，號八十誦<a class="zhuhao" href="#448" id="434">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">波離</span>旋記而説，大衆旋書而集之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【覆】返也。</span> <span>次命<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>本以身居有學，不得預衆，被逐在堀外。乃以三界九地惑，束爲九類，起九無閒道斷，九解脱道證，然後獲得三明六通。以神境通，從户鑰孔入，故得在會。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>乃令集經藏，<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>集論藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#449" id="435">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【崛】求勿切，突也。字悮，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00080','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P80</span></i>本是窟字，穴洞也。【户鑰】音藥，鎖也。疑剩此字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>曰諾，如<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>。過三月，<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>虞逸亡，以願智力觀之，無褊慢矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#450" id="436">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>即<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>也。虞，慮也。逸亡，散失也。恐經日久散失，遂常以智願觀之，無於怠慢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【諾】應答也。【褊】方緬切，急也。</span> <span>凡百年，夷路既廣，人用知訓<a class="zhuhao" href="#451" id="437">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自佛滅後，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>弘持法藏二十年付<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>，亦二十年又付與<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>，二十年<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>又付<span class="zhuanming">商那和脩</span>，二十年<span class="zhuanming">商那和脩</span>又付與<span class="zhuanming">優波毱多</span>。五人共一百年弘持法藏也<a class="zhuhao" href="#452" id="438">〔一四〕</a>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#425" id="439">〔一〕</a>此句原作「籍謂籍典起也」，疑「籍典」倒，今乙；脱「興」字，今補。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#426" id="440">〔二〕</a>三藏：佛教經典的總稱。佛教經典分經﹑律﹑論三種。據<span class="shuming">大乘莊嚴經論</span>卷四<span class="shuming">述求品</span>，「藏」義爲「攝」，即總攝一切所應知之意。經藏，音譯「修多羅」，爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>教説之要義。律藏，音譯「毗奈耶」藏﹑「毗尼」藏，爲佛教制定的各種規則戒律。論藏，音譯「阿毗達磨」藏﹑「阿毗曇」藏，是對佛經的進一步闡釋。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#427" id="441">〔三〕</a>五戒：佛教的五條基本戒律。<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">五戒</span>：「謂戒者有五也：一不殺，二不偷盜，三不邪淫（在家人受，則云邪淫。若出家人受，則云離非<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>行，緣一切都斷故），四不妄語，五不飲酒。」　十善：十種善業，即不殺生﹑不偷盜﹑不邪淫﹑不妄語﹑不兩舌﹑不惡口﹑不綺語﹑不貪﹑不嗔﹑不癡。　四諦：又云「四聖諦」﹑「四真諦」。一苦諦，三界六趣之苦報；二集諦，貪嗔等煩惱及善惡之諸業；三滅諦，即涅槃。涅槃滅惑業而離生死之苦，真空寂滅，故名滅；四道諦，即八正道。能通於涅槃，故名道。　六度：六波羅蜜。波羅蜜，又作「波羅蜜多」，意譯「度」﹑「到彼岸」，謂由生死此岸到<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00081','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P81</span></i>達涅槃彼岸。其法有六種：一佈施﹑二持戒﹑三忍辱﹑四精進﹑五禪定﹑六智慧，故名六度。　十二緣：又稱十二有支，或十二緣起，是佛教三世輪迴的基本理論，包括無明﹑行﹑識﹑名色﹑六入（又稱六處，即眼﹑耳﹑鼻﹑舌﹑身﹑意六根）﹑觸﹑受﹑愛﹑取﹑有（三有，即三界之生死也）﹑生﹑老死等十二支，每支爲後支的生成之因，形成因果鏈條，一切衆生在解脱之前，都在此循環中生死流轉，永無止息。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷三四：「云何名爲十二因緣？從無明生行，從行生識，從識生名色，從名色生六入，從六入生觸，從觸生受，從受生愛，從愛生取，從取生有，從有生生，從生則有老死憂苦。」又卷二七：「善男子，十二因緣一切衆生等同有之，亦内亦外。何等十二？過去煩惱名爲無明，過去業者則名爲行，現在世中初始受胎是名爲識，入胎五分四根未具名爲名色，具足四根未名觸時是名六入，未别苦樂是爲觸，染習一愛是名爲受，習近五欲是名爲愛，内外貪求是名爲取，爲内外事起身口意業是名爲有，現在世識名未來生，現在名色六入觸受名未來世老病死也，是名爲十二因緣。」　五乘：運載衆生到達善處的五種法門：人乘﹑天乘﹑聲聞乘﹑緣覺乘﹑菩薩乘。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#428" id="442">〔四〕</a>人乘：修行五戒，生於人道，故爲人乘。　天乘：能修十善，乘之而生於<span class="zhuanming">欲界</span>六天，能修禪定，乘之而生於<span class="zhuanming">色界</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">無色界</span>諸天，是名天乘。　聲聞乘﹑緣覺乘﹑菩薩乘：合謂三乘，亦即小乘﹑中乘（亦云辟支乘）﹑大乘。三者均爲深淺不同的解脱之道。<span class="shuming">維摩詰所説經</span><span class="shuming">觀衆生品</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>問天：汝於三乘，爲何志求？天曰：以聲聞法化衆生，故我爲聲聞。以因緣法化衆生，故我爲<span class="zhuanming">辟支佛</span>。以大悲法化衆生，故我爲大乘。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「初階聖者，有三種人，其根業各差，謂之三乘，聲聞乘﹑緣覺乘﹑大乘。取其可乘運以至道爲名。此三人惡迹已盡，但修心盪累，濟物進德。初<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00082','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P82</span></i>根人爲小乘，行四諦法；中根人爲中乘，受十二因緣；上根人爲大乘，則修六度。雖階三乘，而要由修進萬行，拯度億流，彌歷長遠，乃可登佛境矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#429" id="443">〔五〕</a>十二分：佛教一切經典的内容分爲十二類，叫十二部經，又叫做十二分教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#430" id="444">〔六〕</a>毒鼓：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">湛然</span>述<span class="shuming">法華文句記</span>卷四（下）：「毒鼓者，<span class="shuming">大經</span>云：譬如有人以毒塗鼓，於大衆中擊，令出聲聞者皆死。鼓者，平等法身。毒者，無緣慈悲。打者，發起衆也。聞者，當機衆也。死者，無明破也。」　按：<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷八<span class="shuming">如來性品</span>：「如是大乘典，亦名雜毒藥，如酥醍醐等，及以諸石蜜，服消則爲藥，不消則爲毒。方等亦如是，智者爲甘露，愚不知佛性，服之則成毒。聲聞及緣覺，大乘爲甘露。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#431" id="445">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>：即<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，出生於<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>。「摩訶」，意譯「大」，「迦葉」意譯<span class="zhuanming">飲光</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">光波</span>，又稱<span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷一下：「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，此翻<span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>，其先代學道，靈龜負仙圖而應，從德命族，故言<span class="zhuanming">龜氏</span>。」<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>十大弟子中，「頭陀第一」。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>入滅後，成爲佛教教團之統率者，於<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span>召集第一次經典結集。　應真：「羅漢」的意譯，謂得真道的人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#432" id="446">〔八〕</a>滅度：即涅槃。　荼毗：意譯「焚燒」﹑「燒身」，即火化。　<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅窟</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">卑鉢羅窟</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">賓鉢羅窟</span>」，因窟上有畢鉢羅樹繁生而得名，在<span class="zhuanming">摩竭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span><span class="zhuanming">竹林精舍</span>之西，<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>結集三藏處。<span class="shuming">佛祖統紀</span>卷四：「<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>滅後，於<span class="zhuanming">畢鉢羅窟</span>立三座部主結爲三藏。」　<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>：<span class="zhuanming">阿育王</span>的意譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#433" id="447">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>：又作「<span class="zhuanming">優婆利</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">鄔波離</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">優婆離</span>」等，意譯「近取」﹑「近執」，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>爲太子時的執事之人，後隨<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>出家，精於戒律，修持嚴謹，「持律第一」之比丘。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00083','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P83</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#434" id="448">〔一○〕</a>一千漏盡：指一千名漏盡比丘。漏指煩惱。以聖智斷盡煩惱，謂之漏盡。　迭：輪流，交换。　覆：核查。　八十誦：八十誦律。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>滅後結集三藏之時，<span class="zhuanming">優波離</span>比丘於一夏九旬之間，八十番誦出，故名八十誦律。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一<span class="shuming">明律科</span>論曰：「禮者出乎忠信之薄，律亦起自防非。是故隨有犯緣，迺製篇目。迄乎雙樹，在跡爲周。自<span class="zhuanming">金河</span>滅影，<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>嗣興，因命持律尊者<span class="zhuanming">優波離比丘</span>使出律藏。<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>乃手執象牙之扇，口誦調御之言，滿八十反，其文乃訖。於是題之樹葉，號曰八十誦律。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#435" id="449">〔一一〕</a>三明六通：三明指天眼明﹑宿命明﹑漏盡明，也就是六通中的宿命﹑天眼﹑漏盡三通。六通指宿命通﹑天眼通﹑漏盡通﹑天耳通﹑他心通﹑神足通。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宗密</span>述<span class="shuming">佛説盂蘭盆經疏</span>卷下云，六通者，一神境通，智證神境故，亦名如意通，身如其意，欲往即到故；二天眼通；三天耳通，謂能見能聞若近若遠﹑障内障外色聲等故；四宿命通，能知宿世本生本事故；五他心通，謂於定散漏無漏心，一切能知故；六漏盡通，謂身中漏盡而能知故。六皆無擁，故總名通。　九無間道﹑九解脱道：三界分爲九地，一地之修惑又分九品斷之，每斷一品惑（煩惱），各有無間﹑解脱二道。正斷惑（煩惱）之智，謂之無間道，煩惱既斷而相續所得之智，謂之解脱道。一地之思惑有九品，故有九無間道﹑九解脱道。　<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>：佛十大弟子中，「論議第一」之<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延子</span>。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷二七：「<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦旃延</span>，<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦多衍那</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">大剪剔種男</span>。<span class="zhuanming">剪剔</span>，婆羅門姓也。」　按：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷九<span class="shuming">摩伽陀國下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>召而謂曰：『汝未盡漏，宜出聖衆。』曰：『隨侍<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>，多歷年所，每有法議，曾未棄遺。今將結集，而見擯斥。法王寂滅，失所依怙。』<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>告曰：『勿懷憂惱。汝親侍佛，誠復多聞，然愛惑未<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00084','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P84</span></i>盡，習結未斷。』<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>辭屈而出，至空寂處，欲取無學，勤求不證。既已疲怠，便欲假寐，未及伏枕，遂證羅漢。往結集所，叩門白至。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>問曰：『汝結盡耶？宜運神通，非門而入。』<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>承命，從鑰隙入。禮僧已畢，退而復坐。是時安居初十五日也。於是<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>揚言曰：『念哉諦聽！<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>聞持，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>稱讚，集素呾纜（舊曰修多羅，訛也）藏。<span class="zhuanming">優波釐</span>持律明究，衆所知識，集毗奈耶（舊曰毗那耶，訛也）藏。我<span class="zhuanming">迦葉波</span>集阿毗達磨藏。』兩三月盡，集三藏訖，以<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>僧中上座，因而謂之上座部焉。<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉波</span>結集西北，有窣堵波，是<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>受僧訶責，不預結集，至此宴坐，證羅漢果。證果之後，方乃預焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#436" id="450">〔一二〕</a>願智力：指神通力。<span class="shuming">金剛仙論</span>卷三：「願智者，<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>百四十不共法（引者按：不共法專指佛菩薩獨有的能力）中願智力，亦云自在力也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#437" id="451">〔一三〕</a>用：因此。　訓：典式，法則。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#438" id="452">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>：又作<span class="zhuanming">摩田地</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">摩田提</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">末田地那</span>等，相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>最後弟子，付法藏之第三祖。「末田」意譯「中」，「地那」意譯「日」。因出家於日中之時，又因受戒於水中，故時人稱爲<span class="zhuanming">日中</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">水中</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">烏仗那國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">達麗羅川</span>中大伽藍側，有刻木<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>菩薩像，金色晃昱，靈鑒潛通。通高百餘尺。<span class="zhuanming">末田底迦</span>（舊曰<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>，訛略也）阿羅漢之所造也。」據<span class="shuming">付法藏因緣傳</span>卷二所載，<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>弟子中有<span class="zhuanming">末田提</span>與<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>二人得<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>之付法藏。然依<span class="shuming">阿育王經</span>卷七則謂<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>弟子爲<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>，<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">末田地</span>之弟子。這裏<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>的説法，當據<span class="shuming">阿育王經</span>。</span> </p><p> <span>百年後，<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>違世，法驂󷚳軸，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">違世，遷化也。服外謂之驂。󷚳，殘也。喻<span class="zhuanming">毱多</span>滅後而法乘摧<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00085','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P85</span></i>毁也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【違】去也。【驂】音參。【戕】宜是戕字，音牆，殺也。或扸字，音析字，斤破不完也。【毱多】具云<span class="zhuanming">鄔波毱多</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">近護</span>也。</span> <span>雖<span class="zhuanming">跋闍</span>干紀，擅興十過，而<span class="zhuanming">離波多</span>等七百無著人殄之，如金㒒姑而穿<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>縞矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#473" id="453">〔一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛滅後百年，<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離國</span>有<span class="zhuanming">跋闍子比丘</span>説十事爲清浄，謂指抄食﹑飲酒﹑受畜金銀等十事，皆佛制不許。長老<span class="zhuanming">離波多</span>與<span class="zhuanming">一切去上座</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">三浮那</span>及<span class="zhuanming">搜婆村長老</span>等七百羅漢，作羯磨而殄其罪也。出<span class="shuming">四分律</span>五十四卷。縞素，帛也。金㒒姑，箭名。<span class="zhuanming">魯莊公</span>以之射<span class="zhuanming">南宫長萬</span>也<a class="zhuhao" href="#474" id="454">〔二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【跋闍】此云<span class="zhuanming">避去</span>。【干紀】佛法大綱。【擅】音繕，專便也。【著】計執也。【殄】絶滅也。【縞】音杲，白縑也。【抄】手取也。【一切去上座】諸律皆云一切去，有本一切法，悮。禮大衆足而昇座，指<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>也。如<span class="zhuanming">波離</span>等避席就座，禮僧足而昇。【三浮那】或云<span class="zhuanming">三浮陀</span>。【搜婆村】律云<span class="zhuanming">婆搜村</span>。</span> <span>暨大長老<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#475" id="455">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>也，本<span class="zhuanming">土火羅國</span>商主之子。因父他往，染其母。父歸，殺之。後殺其母及阿羅漢，懼罪而求出家，聰明博達三藏。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【土火羅國】<span class="shuming">西域記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">覩貨羅國</span>。</span> <span>竊聖人之譽，怙王者之力，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自云：「我得羅漢，入<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>宫，常爲王者之師。」怙，恃也。</span> <span>鄙争爲心，離析是謀。增損佛語，黷亂聖典<a class="zhuhao" href="#476" id="456">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">因僧十五日説戒而妄有稱説，黷亂聖言，與僧不和也<a class="zhuhao" href="#477" id="457">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【黷】音獨，垢也，蒙也。</span> <span>群聖叱其庸違，僭而不經<a class="zhuhao" href="#478" id="458">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上座聖衆責其違亂佛語，遂成争競，王不能和也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【叱】昌栗切，訶叱也。【僭】子念切，差也，濫也。【責其】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">京</span>本云「貴其」者，悮。</span> <span>其徒蝟張，翦爲寇讎<a class="zhuhao" href="#479" id="459">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大天</span>之徒，如蝟毛而張熾，與聖衆共爲寇讎也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蝟】似猪而小，毛刺也，音胃。【翦】齊也。【寇讎】上暴也，下怨也。</span> <span>群聖不克禦侮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">克，能也。<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>部<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00086','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P86</span></i>强盛，聖衆部不能制止也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禦侮】上音語，禁止也；下音武，慢也，侵也。</span> <span>遂破爲二部<a class="zhuhao" href="#480" id="460">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">大天</span>爲大衆部，聖衆部爲上座部。</span> <span>二部派流，有蕩不返。迨數百年，浸爲二十部。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">大衆内分出成九部：一﹑説部，二﹑説出世部，三﹑雞胤部，四﹑多聞部，五﹑説假部，六﹑制多山部，七﹑西山住部，八﹑北山住部，並本部成九也。上座部分成十一部：一﹑説一切有部，二﹑雪山住部，三﹑犢子部，四﹑法上部，五﹑賢胄部，六﹑正量部，七﹑密林山部，八﹑化地部，九﹑法藏部，十﹑飲光部，十一﹑經量部。雪山部則本部也，成二十部。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【迨】音待，及也。【浸】子鴆切，漸漬也。【胤】羊晉切，嗣也。【胄】直祐切，裔也。【密林山部】<span class="shuming">論</span>云密林住山。</span> <span>哀哉！化醇爲醨，大義於是乖矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">醇濃醨薄也。佛滅度自百年之後，分爲二十部，法味澆薄也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醇】音純，厚酒也。【醨】音離，薄酒也。</span> <span>扸金争㲲，分河於是飲矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">譬如一金杖分爲五段，段段皆金，如佛法分爲五部也。<span class="zhuanming">迦葉佛</span>父<span class="zhuanming">吉利枳王</span>曾作十夢，皆表<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>遺教。弟子内一夢見一張白㲲，二十人争此㲲，㲲終不破。表此二十部大小乘争，後遂分河而飲水也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【㲲】音牒，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>種其草，取毛成布曰㲲。</span> <span>故諸部云如是契經，我部不誦。而於自部，皆至于解脱者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">各以自部教是佛語，他部則非也。</span> <span>其大乘宗<span class="shuming">智論</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利</span>與諸徒大會于<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍</span>，召<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>誦之，非諸聲聞所預聞也<a class="zhuhao" href="#481" id="461">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">智論</span>，亦云<span class="shuming">智度論</span>。説大乘結集，乃是<span class="zhuanming">文殊菩薩</span>與<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>等在<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>結集，時皆大乘。聲聞小智，不預其衆也<a class="zhuhao" href="#482" id="462">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span>聲聞聞之，迷亂倒錯，斯或别乘之謂也，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂二乘，實聲聞也。</span> <span>或不迴心之人也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂定性聲聞定不迴心，灰身滅智者一類。聞説大乘，迷錯不信也<a class="zhuhao" href="#483" id="463">〔一一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不迴】不來<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00087','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P87</span></i>也。前是定性，此是有性。未迴心者，不爾不别。</span> <span>餘經餘聖，貶不由論。豈行之艱而亦不能知者乎？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或有餘部經教及諸部聖人，貶論而不取者。蓋以論是慧學，義理深玄，學之實難而知之亦不得易也<a class="zhuhao" href="#484" id="464">〔一二〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【由】用也，據也。</span> <span>　<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>造<span class="shuming">瑜伽</span>，凡一十七地<a class="zhuhao" href="#485" id="465">〔一三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一﹑五識身相應地，二﹑意地，三﹑有尋有伺地，四﹑無尋唯伺地，五﹑無尋無伺地，六﹑三摩呬多地，七﹑非三摩呬多地，八﹑有心地，九﹑無心地，十﹑聞所成地，十一﹑思所成地，十二﹑修所成地，十三﹑聲聞地，十四﹑緣覺地，十五﹑菩薩地，十六﹑有餘依地，十七﹑無餘依地也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三摩呬多】此云等引。</span> <span>備舉三乘，開張演布<a class="zhuhao" href="#486" id="466">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云瑜伽，此云相應，謂一切乘境﹑行﹑果等所有諸法，皆名相應也。即十七地，稱之爲師<a class="zhuhao" href="#487" id="467">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span>後諸學者，以<span class="zhuanming">文殊</span>爲法性，以<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>爲法相<a class="zhuhao" href="#488" id="468">〔一六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">法性以真理融觀爲門，法相以識相行布爲旨。</span> <span>各封涯域，互馳章句，自伐其美<a class="zhuhao" href="#489" id="469">〔一七〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">後人所宗，性相有殊。宗性者以融觀爲美，宗相者以區别爲善，各黨其宗者也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【封】守也，執也。【伐】自矜，自伐。</span> <span>致使西極東<span class="zhuanming">華</span>人到于今有南北兩宗之異也。故南宗焉以空﹑假﹑中爲三觀<a class="zhuhao" href="#490" id="470">〔一八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觀遍計煩惱﹑空處能顯真理爲真諦觀，觀依他假有爲俗諦觀，觀真俗混同爲第一義諦觀也。</span> <span>北宗焉遍計﹑依他﹑圓成爲三性也<a class="zhuhao" href="#491" id="471">〔一九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遍計依妄情而生，依他假衆緣而起，圓成即真理者也。</span> <span>而華嚴以體性德相業用範圍法界<a class="zhuhao" href="#492" id="472">〔二○〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即能所證體用而論。範圍，籠羅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【範圍】上音范，法也，式也。下抱。括四法界也。</span> <span>得其門統於南北，其猶指乎諸掌矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">學華嚴者，盡達性相之原，俱盡南北之旨。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00088','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P88</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#453" id="473">〔一〕</a>干紀：違犯法紀。語出<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">襄公十三年</span>：「干國之紀，犯門斬關。」　十過：這裏指非法十事。「十事」的具體内容，詳參下注。　<span class="zhuanming">離波多</span>：尊者<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>的弟子，精通律法。　殄：盡，絶。　按：<span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">莊公十一年</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">乘丘</span>之役，公以金僕姑射<span class="zhuanming">南宫長萬</span>。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#454" id="474">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">跋闍子比丘</span>：<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span><span class="zhuanming">跋闍</span>之出家人。此地僧人在佛滅後百年，起非法十事。<span class="zhuanming">耶舍陀長老</span>因此集七百賢聖於<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離城</span>，起第二次結集。十事爲清浄，即十事合法（浄）。十事具體爲：角鹽浄（可用角器貯存食鹽，以備他時使用）﹑二指浄（中午日影偏西二指，仍可攝食）﹑他聚落浄（於一聚落食後，還可再入他聚落攝食）﹑住處浄（同一界内的比丘，不必在同一處布薩）﹑隨意浄（衆議處决時，可由僧團一部分比丘作成决議，再徵求其他比丘的同意）﹑所習浄（可以按照慣例行事）﹑生和合浄（食足後，允許飲用未經攪拌去脂之牛乳）﹑飲闍樓伽浄（可以喝未發酵或半發酵的椰子汁）﹑無緣坐具浄（縫製坐具，可以不用貼邊，且大小隨意）﹑金銀浄（可以接受金銀供養）。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>入滅後百年，<span class="zhuanming">跋闍子</span>主張「十事」合法（浄）；上座部<span class="zhuanming">耶舍陀</span>則認爲不合律制，爲非法。爲審查此十事之律制根據，遂召開第二次結集，上座部一致認爲十事不合律制規定（十事非法）。　<span class="shuming">四分律</span>卷五四：「<span class="zhuanming">毗舍離</span>有長老，字<span class="zhuanming">一切去</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">閻浮提</span>中最上座。……<span class="zhuanming">一切去上座</span>爲第一上座，<span class="zhuanming">三浮陀</span>第二上座，<span class="zhuanming">離婆多</span>第三上座，<span class="zhuanming">婆搜村</span>是第四上座，<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>皆爲其和尚。」　羯磨：意譯作「業」，就是「辦事」﹑「辦事作法」等的意思。通過一定範圍全體僧衆集會討論决定要辦的事情。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#455" id="475">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>：意譯「<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">摩揭陀國</span><span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>涅槃之後第一百年，命世君臨，威被殊俗，深信三寶，愛育四生。時有五百羅漢僧，五百凡夫僧，王所敬仰，供養無<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00089','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P89</span></i>差。有凡夫僧<span class="zhuanming">摩訶提婆</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">大天</span>，闊達多智，幽求名實。潭思作論，理違聖教。凡有聞知，群從異議。<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>不識凡聖，同情所好，黨援所親。召集僧德赴<span class="zhuanming">殑伽河</span>欲沉深流，總從誅戮。時諸羅漢既逼命難，咸運神通，凌虚履空，來至此國，山棲谷隱。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#456" id="476">〔四〕</a>黷亂：繁亂。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#457" id="477">〔五〕</a>説戒：佛教僧團的持戒行爲。爲了檢點﹑整飭戒行，長養善法，保持僧團戒行清浄，每月月半﹑月終，比丘﹑比丘尼齊集一處，讀誦戒經，稱爲「説戒」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#458" id="478">〔六〕</a>庸違：用意邪僻。<span class="shuming">書</span><span class="shuming">堯典</span>：「帝曰：『疇咨，若予采？』<span class="zhuanming">驩兜</span>曰：『都！<span class="zhuanming">共工</span>方鳩僝功。』帝曰：『吁！静言庸違，象恭滔天。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#459" id="479">〔七〕</a>蝟張：蝟毛豎起，喻因激憤而鬚髮豎起。　寇：原誤作「冠」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#460" id="480">〔八〕</a>二部：佛滅後衆弟子在<span class="zhuanming">王舍城</span><span class="zhuanming">靈鷲山</span><span class="zhuanming">七葉窟</span>内外結集經典，在窟内結集的，名「上座部」，在窟外結集的，名「大衆部」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#461" id="481">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">智論</span>：<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>，佛教論書。<span class="zhuanming">古印度</span><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>著，<span class="zhuanming">後秦</span><span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯，一百卷。　<span class="zhuanming">文殊師利</span>：意譯「妙德」﹑「妙吉祥」，<span class="zhuanming">文殊菩薩</span>智慧﹑辯才第一，被稱爲「<span class="zhuanming">大智文殊菩薩</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#462" id="482">〔一○〕</a><span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>：圍繞<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>而區劃一小世界之鐵山，由鐵而成。<span class="zhuanming">須彌山</span>爲中心，外有七山八海，第八海即<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>，<span class="zhuanming">贍部</span>等四大洲在此，圍繞此<span class="zhuanming">鹹海</span>者，即<span class="zhuanming">鐵圍山</span>，此爲一小世界。<span class="shuming">俱舍論</span>卷一一：「於金輪上有九大山，<span class="zhuanming">妙高山</span>王處中而住，餘八周匝繞<span class="zhuanming">妙高山</span>。於八山中前七名内，第七山外有大洲等。此外復有鐵輪圍山，周匝如輪，圍一世界。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00090','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P90</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#463" id="483">〔一一〕</a>定性：指在聲聞﹑緣覺﹑菩薩三乘中僅有其中一種種子的衆生。定性聲聞爲唯識宗所立五種性之一，具本來唯一之聲聞無漏種子者，唯修聲聞之因，證聲聞之果，不進求佛道。　灰身滅智：指斷除一切身心煩惱，入於火光三昧，燒身滅心，歸於空寂無爲的涅槃境界，是小乘阿羅漢果的境界。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#464" id="484">〔一二〕</a>慧學：三學之一。觀達真理爲慧，進習爲學。斷惑證理，是慧的作用。爲發此慧而進修，謂之慧學。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一○：「觀達稱慧，進習爲學。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#465" id="485">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>：生於<span class="zhuanming">南天竺</span>婆羅門家，傳爲<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>大乘佛教瑜伽行派的祖師。　<span class="shuming">瑜伽</span>：<span class="shuming">瑜伽師地論</span>的略稱，又簡稱<span class="shuming">瑜伽論</span>，是<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教瑜伽行唯識學派及<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>唯識宗的根本論書。瑜伽師地，意即瑜伽師修行所要經歷的境界（十七地），故亦稱<span class="shuming">十七地論</span>。相傳爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>口述﹑<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>記録。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>傳佛教以此經爲<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>所造<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>五經之一。　一十七地：即十七種境界。依<span class="shuming">瑜伽師地論</span>，修行者修瑜伽行之際，共有十七種境界。十七地之具體名稱，如<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>所注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#466" id="486">〔一四〕</a>三乘：指小乘（聲聞乘）﹑中乘（緣覺乘）和大乘（菩薩乘）。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#467" id="487">〔一五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">釋遁倫</span><span class="shuming">瑜伽論記</span>卷一（之上）：「且就一義名曰相應，釋論總出體云，謂一切乘境行果等所有諸法皆名瑜伽。一切並有方便善巧相應義故，此中意説三乘所有境行果法並名瑜伽。其境與行果，其行與果法，並有方便善巧相應義故。」　境行果：佛教主張的通過修行以獲得解脱的全過程。境，指修行所應分别觀察的諸法境界。行，指修行，即斷除煩惱﹑求證聖果的思想行爲，可分爲有漏行﹑無漏行。無漏行又分爲聲聞行﹑緣覺行﹑菩薩行三種。果，指修行正法﹑斷除煩惱所得的果報，由於行的不同，所得果報亦各不同。修有漏善行，感人天妙果；修無漏行，得無漏聖果。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00091','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P91</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#468" id="488">〔一六〕</a>法性：佛教以稱世界永恒的本性，絶對不變的永恒真理。也就是實相﹑真如﹑法界等的别名。　<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>：音譯<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>。即未來佛<span class="zhuanming">彌勒菩薩</span>。　法相：一切事物的形相。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷二：「一切世諦，有爲無爲，通名法相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#469" id="489">〔一七〕</a>封：局限，限制。　涯：範圍。　域：區域。　馳：傳播。　章句：指文章。　自伐：誇耀，自誇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#470" id="490">〔一八〕</a>三觀：<span class="zhuanming">天台</span>宗三觀，即空觀﹑假觀﹑中觀。空觀是觀諸法緣生無性，當體即空；假觀是觀諸法雖同幻化，但有假像和作用；中觀是觀諸法非空亦非假，亦空亦假之中道實理。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#471" id="491">〔一九〕</a>三性：唯識宗把宇宙萬法分爲三種性質，即遍計所執性﹑依他起性和圓成實性。遍計所執意謂人們普遍認爲客觀物質世界實有的「錯誤」認識，認爲是一種虚妄的執著；依他起意謂萬法皆無自性，須靠衆緣具備纔生起。是指現象世界。圓成實性指具有圓滿成就之真實性，也即由我﹑法二空所顯示的真如實性。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#472" id="492">〔二○〕</a>體性：體是本體，性是本性。體與性，同體而異名。一味之實相爲體，因果之諸法爲用。<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經文句</span>卷三：「體即實相，無有分别。用即立一切法，差降不同。如大地一，生種種芽。」真如法身爲體，現相應身爲用，體用就是由真如法身之體所生起的種種應化衆生的妙用。　法界：佛教稱整個宇宙現象界爲法界。<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷二九<span class="zhuanming">寶誌和尚</span><span class="shuming">大乘讚</span>：「法界量同太虚，衆生心智自小。」按：這裏謂華嚴宗統攝諸家，建立了諸教圓融的一乘圓教。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">印土</span>傳法，自<span class="zhuanming">大龜氏</span>至<span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>有二十四人。雅紹真誥，流演溥暢。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自佛滅後，<span class="zhuanming">大<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00092','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P92</span></i>迦葉</span>弘持法藏，以至<span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>，共二十四人。雅繼<span class="zhuanming">能仁</span>之軌躅<a class="zhuhao" href="#503" id="493">〔一〕</a>，妙弘祖聖之玄風也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【雅】正也。【誥】音告，典也。【演】廣也。又，水長流皃。【溥】音普，廣大也。</span> <span>暨<span class="zhuanming">師子</span>遇害於<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，自是相承相付泯矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#504" id="494">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>傳法至<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>王害之。自後法藏雖傳，其道澆也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泯】滅也，盡也。</span> <span>然戒法防患，獨爲<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>所制。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒者，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云毗奈耶，此云調伏藏。以防非止惡，調伏有情三業<a class="zhuhao" href="#505" id="495">〔三〕</a>。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>親制，最爲付囑。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【獨】專也。【毗奈耶】<span class="shuming">行事</span>云毗奈耶，正番爲律。</span> <span>以戒即七支之業，業性甚深。獲業智力，乃窮其數。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七支，身三業：殺﹑盜﹑婬；口四業：惡口﹑兩舌﹑妄言﹑綺語，共爲七支也。獲智力者，了業之數。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【獲業智力】若得十力中第二過現未來業報智力者，乃盡其數也。【七支】據三乘，通受色支爲論。若菩薩戒，通意支也。</span> <span>故開遮持破，關乎損益<a class="zhuhao" href="#506" id="496">〔四〕</a>。而前佛後佛，皆不寄口而言之。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">戒法之中，有開則許其通容，有遮則絶其爲作，持爲堅守不犯，破爲悮犯不持也。律藏是佛親制，不因寄口而傳説也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【寄】託也。</span> <span>又峻設其防，言不浮行，心資定慧，以至懸解<a class="zhuhao" href="#507" id="497">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">如來</span>明立禁戒，峻設遮防。浮，泛也。心習定慧，以至懸解。懸解者，若以繩繫物而懸，慧解了達，若解之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【峻設其防】峻，高也，險也，峭也。堤峻防水，城峻防人，戒峻防過。【心資定慧】戒爲定迹，定爲惠迹，定惠必藉戒律而成，得至懸解。【懸解】上音玄，繫也。下佳買切，脱繫也。</span> <span>故亦謂之波羅提木叉也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">波羅提木叉，此云别解脱戒。謂七衆所持，各别而解脱<a class="zhuhao" href="#508" id="498">〔六〕</a>。又持一戒，得一解脱。</span> <span>經通五人説，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">智度論</span>云：五人者，一佛﹑二弟子﹑三神仙﹑四天﹑五變化也<a class="zhuhao" href="#509" id="499">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【變化人】八部﹑<span class="zhuanming">鬼<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00093','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P93</span></i>子母</span>等<a class="zhuhao" href="#510" id="500">〔八〕</a>。</span> <span>以彰善𤺺惡，導物起信，刊定邪正，皆得謂之繩墨義也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">彰，明也。𤺺，病也。病於惡而明於善，導引起生也。有不信者引之令信，不定者刊削之，邪曲者則正之。如世繩墨，能正材之斜曲也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【𤺺】多旱切，病也。【刊】音看，削也。【繩墨】上墨索也，下持繩斗也。</span> <span>窮括性相，不令散失，貫于人心，皆得謂之結鬘義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#511" id="501">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">經内性相，無不窮括義聚，前後聯貫。猶若西國之人，以線穿貫花鬘而爲嚴飾也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【括】古活切，檢也，結也。【聯】音連，聯綿不絶也。【貫】事也，穿也，累也，行也。</span> <span>至言有准，規矩合度。而民是則之，皆得謂之法義也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">猶若王言，出則天下准承。規者圓也，矩者方也。方圓皆合其制度，爲人之准，故名爲法。法者則也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【准】度也，發必中的也。【規矩】準繩也。上規，正圓之器也。下矩，正方之器。</span> <span>其言如蘭，其信乃恒。天下酌之而不知其竭，皆得謂之常義也<a class="zhuhao" href="#512" id="502">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蘭，香草也。恒，常也。若湧泉而不竭，故謂之常也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【酌】之若（切），挹也，斟也，取也，益也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#493" id="503">〔一〕</a>軌躅：法則，規範。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#494" id="504">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">師子比丘</span>：婆羅門種姓，爲<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span>王子。遠遊<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，與五衆論道，挫敗五僧，令其折服，但終爲外教污陷，爲<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>王所殺。禪宗尊其爲西天第二十四祖，<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷二有傳。　<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>：在<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>作「<span class="zhuanming">迦畢試</span>」，參下文「<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#495" id="505">〔三〕</a>有情：即衆生，佛教對人和一切有情識生物的通稱。　三業：身業﹑口業﹑意業。業，音譯「羯磨」，意爲「造作」，即行爲。身業即身之所作，如殺生﹑偷盜﹑邪淫等；口業即口之所語，如惡口﹑兩<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00094','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P94</span></i>舌﹑綺語﹑妄語等；意業即意之所思，如貪﹑嗔﹑癡等。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#496" id="506">〔四〕</a>開：解除約束和禁忌，除去戒律。在一些特殊情況下，祇要得法，世人可以不守五戒而不算破戒。　遮：遮戒，是禁戒，佛教禁止不許作，如飲酒等戒。　持：持戒，受持佛教戒律。　破：破戒，破壞佛教戒律。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#497" id="507">〔五〕</a>定慧：禪定與智慧。攝亂意爲定，觀照事理爲慧。　懸解：解除束縛。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#498" id="508">〔六〕</a>波羅提木叉：意譯「别解脱」等，爲佛教僧徒所受戒律。因受戒能使身口意惡業分别解脱，故名「别解脱」。七衆：比丘﹑比丘尼﹑式叉摩那（未受具足戒前學法中之尼衆）﹑沙彌﹑沙彌尼﹑優婆塞﹑優婆夷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#499" id="509">〔七〕</a>五變化也：據<span class="shuming">隨函</span>及文意，當爲「五變化人也」。「經通五人説」者，<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷二曰：「佛法有五種人説：一者佛自口説，二者佛弟子説，三者仙人説，四者諸天説，五者化人説。」仙人即從佛入道﹑誓弘佛化之諸大仙人，諸天即<span class="zhuanming">梵釋</span>等諸天，化人即隨機現化之三乘聖人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#500" id="510">〔八〕</a>八部：原誤作「人部」，據文意改。八部即「天龍八部」，佛教中的八類護法神，即天衆﹑龍衆﹑夜叉﹑乾闥婆﹑阿修羅﹑迦樓羅﹑緊那羅﹑摩睺羅迦。　<span class="zhuanming">鬼子母</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">訶利帝母</span>」，又稱<span class="zhuanming">歡喜母</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">暴惡母</span>或<span class="zhuanming">愛子母</span>。原爲神通很大的餓鬼，專吃人間小孩，經<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>教化後，成爲專司護持兒童的護法神。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#501" id="511">〔九〕</a>結鬘義：結鬘謂用線貫穿起花成爲裝飾品（鬘）。取貫攝之義，比喻<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>正教，貫穿諸法，攝化衆生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#502" id="512">〔一○〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">雲法師</span>撰<span class="shuming">法華義記</span>卷一：「『修多羅』既是外國語，然經出之時，翻譯之始，仍用『經』字代『修多羅』。然『經』既訓『法』﹑訓『常』，是故<span class="shuming">大智論</span>解修多羅，備有五義：一出生﹑二微妙發﹑三涌泉﹑四繩<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00095','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P95</span></i>墨﹑五花鬘也。五義之中，有『涌泉』﹑『繩墨』。今取二義，與『法』﹑『常』相符。何者？涌泉無窮，此與『常』義相會。繩墨之用，本除斜取正。正而不斜，可軌可則，此與『法』義相符。」</span> </p><p> <span>論通弟子造，以能合離真俗，舒蓄名理，壼奥在彀，風味淵派<a class="zhuhao" href="#531" id="513">〔一〕</a>，法義之所由生，故皆得謂之摩怛哩迦也<a class="zhuhao" href="#532" id="514">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">論者循環研覈，究暢真宗爲義<a class="zhuhao" href="#533" id="515">〔三〕</a>。本唯佛説，散在衆經。後乃大小聖弟子通亦造之，而能離合真俗﹑區擘色心，定有無之指歸，盡名義之壼奥，其唯論藏乎？<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云摩怛哩迦，此云本母。能生智慧，如母生子也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【合離】離解義，合作釋。【舒蓄】上伸也；下丑六切，聚美備用也。【壼奥】上苦本切，居也，廣也；下烏到切，深也，内也。堂西南隅也。【彀】音遘，張弓發箭。【淵派】上淵，有九淵；下派，匹恠切，分流也。【摩怛哩迦】此云本母。有云以教爲本，與義爲母，經律論各通三，此爲盡理也。【循環】往復也。【研覈】上音妍，下音翮，考實也。【究暢】窮達也。【區擘】分析。</span> <span>矯伏擒縱，啓塞關徼。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">矯，詐也。伏，順也。擒，奪。縱，放也。論義之道，或詐現縱伏而後奪取其義也。啓，開也。塞，閉也。關，門鑰也。徼，小路也。論宗有開有閉有遮，防塞其關要也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【矯】詐也。又，正也，高也。【擒】急持。【啓塞】上開也，下閉也。啓塞俱通關徼。【關徼】横木曰關，一關能閉兩户也。下音叫，正路傍小道也。【閉其】其是也字。</span> <span>發期爾的，弛有餘勇。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">發言之道，須有準當。若箭發機，須期中的。弛，放也。放其義題，須令勇氣有餘也。苦理門四宗中不顧論宗等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【的】中鵠曰的。【弛】音豕，釋也，放也。</span> <span>外道異黨<a class="zhuhao" href="#534" id="516">〔四〕</a>，莫余敢侮，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">論乃摧邪顯正<a class="zhuhao" href="#535" id="517">〔五〕</a>，故外道之徒，莫敢侮慢也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【莫余敢侮】外宗不敢侮慢於我也。</span> <span>故皆謂之優波提舍也<a class="zhuhao" href="#536" id="518">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云優波提舍，此云論義也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【此云<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00096','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P96</span></i>論義】十二分中之一分也。</span> <span>法謂所對，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">屬於所照之境。</span> <span>慧則向觀。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂能照之心。</span> <span>向則克滅，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂能證智起，則諸惑皆滅也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克滅】滅謂四種涅盤也。</span> <span>觀則克聖，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂慧照理，若燈之照物，則能顯於聖道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【克聖】聖謂四聖諦理也。</span> <span>故皆謂之阿毗達磨也<a class="zhuhao" href="#537" id="519">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云阿毗達磨，此云無對法。</span> <span>佛昔一時有言曰「彼此中間」而入於定，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛一日言彼﹑此﹑中間三件，未指而入定也。</span> <span>諸大弟子各以己解，競宣聖意。或以生死爲此，涅槃爲彼，道爲中間；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">生死謂分段﹑變易二種生死，爲此也。涅槃謂四種涅槃所證之理，爲彼。道則能證之智，爲中間也<a class="zhuhao" href="#538" id="520">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宣】明也，説也。</span> <span>或爲眼根爲此，色境爲彼，識是中閒<a class="zhuhao" href="#539" id="521">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">根爲能照，境爲所照，識在中間，爲能了别。</span> <span>如是乃有五百言不相與，志不相奪<a class="zhuhao" href="#540" id="522">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖各不同，亦各言其志也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【與】持也。</span> <span>暨<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>起定，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>等騰情稽疑。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【騰】馳也，躍也，轉也。【稽疑】上考也。考疑之事也。</span> <span>佛言：「我説觸爲此，集爲彼，受爲中閒<a class="zhuhao" href="#541" id="523">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">觸爲對境，集爲能染，心受於中間領納也。</span> <span>爾曹雖非我意，然皆爲滅苦之因，並應受持，不宜忘失也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">曹，輩也。弟子所説，雖非佛之本意，然亦無爽道理也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【爾曹】汝輩也。【爽】失也。</span> <span>故佛日未亡，<span class="zhuanming">舍利弗</span>造<span class="shuming">集異門足論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二十卷，一百八十九紙，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">目連</span>造<span class="shuming">法藴足論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">二十卷，一百七十八紙，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【法藴足論】注二十卷，悮，只十二卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">迦多演那</span>造<span class="shuming">施設足論</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">一萬八千頌，此未見行。上三論皆是<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>在日諸弟子造也。</span> <span>玉毫既晦，<span class="zhuanming">提婆設<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00097','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P97</span></i>磨</span>造<span class="shuming">識身足論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#542" id="524">〔一二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十六卷。佛滅後一百年造。<span class="zhuanming">玄奘三藏</span>譯。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">世友</span>造<span class="shuming">品類足論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#543" id="525">〔一三〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十八卷，二百九十紙。佛滅後三百年造。</span> <span><span class="shuming">戒身足論</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三卷，四十九紙。<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>造。已上謂六足也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【戒身足論】此是界字。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">迦多演尼</span>造<span class="shuming">發智論</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#544" id="526">〔一四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">十六卷，三百六十五紙。大義具足故，號此論爲身，以六足爲足也。佛滅後造。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【發智論】注十六卷，悮，乃二十卷。</span> <span>凡七論，奮揚才藻，控越風猷，傍求聖意，式弼神化<a class="zhuhao" href="#545" id="527">〔一五〕</a>。其大窮天地，其細考鄰虚，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">七論並小乘之文，辭藻宏曠，風規超弈。至於性相心色，無不具論也。鄰虚，極微之塵也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【藻】音早，文藻也。【奮】發也，揚也。【控】引也，告也。【越】遠也，度也。【猷】音由，謀也，道也。【式】用也。【弼】輔也，備也。</span> <span>方諸儒門，三<span class="shuming">傳</span>四<span class="shuming">詩</span>，各金玉其音也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三<span class="shuming">傳</span>，一<span class="shuming">左丘明傳</span>﹑二<span class="shuming">公羊高傳</span>﹑三<span class="shuming">穀梁赤傳</span>。四<span class="shuming">詩</span>，<span class="shuming">魯詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>人<span class="zhuanming">申培公</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>以浦輪徵之，已八十餘，以<span class="shuming">詩經</span>爲訓，口傳無傳也；二<span class="shuming">齊詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>人<span class="zhuanming">袁固生</span>所傳；三<span class="shuming">韓詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">燕</span>人<span class="zhuanming">韓嬰</span>所學；四<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">河間</span><span class="zhuanming">毛公</span>字<span class="zhuanming">文操</span>所傳於<span class="zhuanming">子夏</span>也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【申培公】<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">儒林傳</span>云。但云<span class="zhuanming">申公</span>。【蒲輪】徵士用蒲輪之車。諸本皆云浦輪，悮。【口傳】下平。【無傳】下去，傳記云。【袁固生】<span class="shuming">漢書</span>但云<span class="zhuanming">轅固</span>。</span> <span>由是四百年初，<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>五百六通依<span class="shuming">發智論</span>撰<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#546" id="528">〔一六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛滅後四百年初，有羅漢名<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延子</span>，擊乾稚普告十方諸天及賢聖，不得入滅。有於佛所聞一偈一句，皆會<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>。諸聖既至，遂集所聞。是者取，非者去，乃成<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙</span>，此云廣解，禁之不令出國。謂<span class="zhuanming">婆娑頭拔</span>尊者潛入彼國，誦之出國，歸<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>傳之，後方流於諸國也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【撰大毗婆沙】此云廣解，或云分分説，或云一一説。【罽賓】舊云<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，三藏傳<span class="shuming">西域記</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">迦葉彌羅國</span>，舊云<span class="zhuanming">罽<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00098','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P98</span></i>賓</span>，訛也。此乃注云，悮中之悮也。</span> <span>備釋三藏，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂經﹑律﹑論。</span> <span>以品有八，譯者謂之八藴，亦曰八藏是也<a class="zhuhao" href="#547" id="529">〔一七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">藴﹑藏皆聚義也，即八揵度。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【即八揵度】今則有<span class="shuming">八犍度論</span>三十卷，<span class="shuming">大<a class="zhuhao" href="#548" id="530">〔一八〕</a>毗婆沙</span>雖説八犍度，但名<span class="shuming">毗婆沙</span>也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#513" id="531">〔一〕</a>合離：聚合與分離。　真俗：謂真諦和俗諦。真諦又名第一義諦，是聖智所見的真實理性。俗諦又名世諦，爲凡夫所見到的世間事相。　舒：展開，伸展。　蓄：積聚，儲藏。　名理：名稱與道理。　壼奥：比喻事理的奥祕精微。壼，宫巷；奥，室隅。　彀：弓箭射程所及的範圍。「在彀」比喻完全在掌控之中。　淵：根源。　派：分支。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#514" id="532">〔二〕</a>摩怛哩迦：又作「摩怛履迦」等，指經義或戒律的綱目，也是論藏的别稱。<span class="shuming">一切經音義</span>卷一八：「摩怛理迦，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語也。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>云本母，亦云論也。」又卷一七：「摩夷，正言摩怛理迦，此言本母，理爲教本，故以名焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#515" id="533">〔三〕</a>真宗：指佛法。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#516" id="534">〔四〕</a>外道：佛教稱呼對立的其他教派爲外道。<span class="shuming">楞伽阿跋多羅寶經注解</span>卷三（上）：「言外道者，凡出家不禀佛教者，皆名爲外。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#517" id="535">〔五〕</a>摧邪顯正：亦作「破邪顯正」。邪指外道，正指佛教正法。<span class="zhuanming">吉藏</span><span class="shuming">三論玄義</span>卷上：「但論雖有三，義唯二轍：一曰顯正，二曰破邪。破邪則下拯沈淪，顯正則上弘大法。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#518" id="536">〔六〕</a>優波提舍：十二部經之一，又作「鄔波題鑠」﹑「優婆題舍」﹑「鄔波弟鑠」﹑「優波替舍」等，意譯「論<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00099','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P99</span></i>議」﹑「論義」等，謂諸經中問答辯論諸法之事。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：「優婆提舍，此正名論，論諸法故。」同卷：「優婆提舍，此名論義，問答論理，名論義經。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#519" id="537">〔七〕</a>阿毗達磨：又作「阿鼻達磨」，論部之總名。<span class="shuming">大乘義章</span>卷一：「阿毗曇者，此方正翻名無比法。阿，謂無也。毗，謂比也。曇，謂法也。」參見前「三藏」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#520" id="538">〔八〕</a>分段生死：是三界内凡夫的生死。輪迴流轉，有身分形段可見者。　變易生死：是三界外聖者的生死。已無生死輪迴的身分形段，祇是在心念的生生滅滅不停，是精神上的生死。菩薩斷除根本無明，纔無變易生死。　涅槃：意譯「圓寂」，圓是圓滿一切智德，寂是寂滅一切惑業。又譯作「滅度」，滅是滅除見思﹑塵沙和無明三種惑，度是度脱分段和變易兩種生死。是聖者所證得的不生不滅﹑超越時空的真如境界。四種涅槃：一﹑自性清浄涅槃，指人人本具的佛性，恒常清浄而不染；二﹑有餘依涅槃，小乘聖者雖然已證入涅槃，不受後有，但仍有酬報過去世業因的身心存在，名有餘依涅槃；三﹑無餘依涅槃，没有了酬報過去世業因的身心，進入不生不滅之境界；四﹑無住處涅槃，不住於生死，亦不住於涅槃，常於娑婆世界度衆生，名無住處涅槃。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#521" id="539">〔九〕</a>眼根：六根之一，指眼睛因接觸外物而産生的視覺﹑認識。　色境：五境之一，青黄赤白等法，爲眼根所感知的境界。　識：心的異名。心對於境而了别，名爲識。<span class="shuming">成唯識論</span>卷一：「識謂了别。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#522" id="540">〔一○〕</a>相與：相同。　相奪：强取。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#523" id="541">〔一一〕</a>觸：五境之一。身根所感知的境界，有堅﹑濕﹑暖﹑動等十一種。<span class="shuming">阿毗达磨俱舍論</span>卷一：「觸有十<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00100','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P100</span></i>一：謂四大種﹑滑性﹑澀性﹑重性﹑輕性，及冷﹑饑﹑渴。」　集：招聚。　受：感官與外界接觸時所産生的感受。受有苦受﹑樂受﹑不苦不樂受三種。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#524" id="542">〔一二〕</a>玉毫：指佛的眉間白毫，所謂白毛相光。玉毫既晦謂佛滅。　<span class="zhuanming">提婆設磨</span>：多作「<span class="zhuanming">提婆設摩</span>」，意譯「<span class="zhuanming">天寂</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">賢寂</span>」。爲小乘説一切有部論師之一，<span class="zhuanming">中印度</span><span class="zhuanming">鞞索迦國</span>人。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#525" id="543">〔一三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">世友</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">婆須蜜多</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">和須蜜多</span>」等。説一切有部之一祖，又作「<span class="zhuanming">天友</span>」。<span class="zhuanming">迦膩色迦王</span>在<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅</span>舉行第四次結集時，<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>任五百聖賢的指導者，編集<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨大毗婆沙論</span>，總結説一切有部理論學説，與<span class="zhuanming">法救</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">妙音</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">覺天</span>等被譽爲「婆沙四大論師」。<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷二○：「世是天名，與天遂友，故名<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>。父母憐子，恐惡鬼神之所加害，言天遂友，彼不敢損故，故以爲名焉。」<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「其王是時與諸羅漢自彼而至，建立伽藍，結集三藏，欲作<span class="shuming">毗婆沙論</span>。是時尊者<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>，户外納衣。諸阿羅漢謂<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>曰：結使未除，諍議乖謬，爾宜遠跡，勿居此也。<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>曰：諸賢於法無疑，代佛施化，方集大義，欲製正論。我雖不敏，粗達微言，三藏玄文，五明至理，頗亦沉研，得其趣矣。諸羅漢曰：言不可以若是，汝宜屏居，疾證無學，已而會此，時未晚也。<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>曰：我顧無學，其猶涕唾，志求佛果，不趍小徑，擲此縷丸，未墜於地，必當證得無學聖果。……於是<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>即擲縷丸空中，諸天接縷丸而請曰：方證佛果，次補<span class="zhuanming">慈氏</span>，三界特尊，四生攸賴，如何於此，欲證小果？時諸羅漢見是事已，謝咎推德，請爲上座。凡有疑議，咸取决焉。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#526" id="544">〔一四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">迦多演尼</span>：又云「<span class="zhuanming">迦多衍那子</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延子</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延尼子</span>」等，意譯<span class="zhuanming">剪剃種</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">文飾</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">好肩</span>等，爲説一切有部的大論師﹑<span class="shuming">發智論</span>的著者。<span class="shuming">翻譯名義集</span>卷一：「<span class="zhuanming">迦多演尼子</span>：<span class="shuming">西域記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">迦陀衍那</span>，佛滅度後<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00101','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P101</span></i>三百年出，造<span class="shuming">發智論</span>，舊訛云<span class="zhuanming">迦旃延</span>。」<span class="shuming">發智論</span>，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯二十卷。因與六足論相對，又稱<span class="shuming">發智身論</span>。　<span class="zhuanming">釋光</span>述<span class="shuming">俱舍論記</span>卷一：「言六足者，<span class="zhuanming">舍利子</span>造<span class="shuming">集異門足論</span>，一萬二千頌，略本八千頌（「舍利」，此云「百舌鳥」也，「子」是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言）。<span class="zhuanming">大目乾連</span>造<span class="shuming">法藴足論</span>，六千頌（<span class="zhuanming">目乾連</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">採菽氏</span>。「大」是<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言。故<span class="shuming">法藴足論</span>云<span class="zhuanming">大採菽氏</span>）。<span class="zhuanming">大迦多衍那</span>造<span class="shuming">施設足論</span>，一萬八千頌（「迦多」，此云「剪剃」。「衍」，此云「種」。「那」是男聲。婆羅門中一姓也）。已上三論，佛在世時造。佛涅槃後一百年中，<span class="zhuanming">提婆設摩</span>造<span class="shuming">識身足論</span>，七千頌（此云<span class="zhuanming">天寂</span>）。至三百年初，<span class="zhuanming">筏蘇密多羅</span>造<span class="shuming">品類足論</span>，六千頌（即是舊<span class="shuming">衆事分阿毗曇</span>也）。又造<span class="shuming">界身足論</span>，廣本六千頌，略本七百頌（<span class="zhuanming">筏蘇密多羅</span>，此云<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>。非婆沙會<span class="zhuanming">世友</span>，同名異體）。至三百年末，<span class="zhuanming">迦多衍尼子</span>造<span class="shuming">發智論</span>，二萬五千頌。後代誦者，廣略不同，一本一萬八千頌，一本一萬六千頌，此本即是和上所翻。前之六論，義門稍少，<span class="shuming">發智</span>一論，法門最廣，故後代論師説六爲足，<span class="shuming">發智</span>爲身。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#527" id="545">〔一五〕</a>風猷：風教德化。　傍：廣博﹑普遍。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#528" id="546">〔一六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：<span class="zhuanming">罽賓國</span>，即今<span class="zhuanming">喀什米爾</span>。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷三<span class="shuming">迦濕彌羅國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">迦濕彌羅國</span>，舊曰<span class="zhuanming">罽賓</span>，訛也。<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>境。周七千餘里。四境負山，山極峭峻。雖有門徑，而復隘狹，自古鄰敵無能攻伐。國大都城西臨大河，南北十二三里，東西四五里。宜稼穡，多花果。出龍種馬及鬱金香﹑火珠﹑藥草。氣序寒勁，多雪少風。服毛褐，衣白㲲。土俗輕僄，人性懦怯。國爲龍護，遂雄鄰境。容貌姘美，情性詭詐。好學多聞，邪正兼信。伽藍百餘所，僧徒五千餘人。有四窣堵波，並<span class="zhuanming">無憂王</span>建也。」　六通：亦稱六神通。三乘聖者所得之神通，即天眼通﹑天耳通﹑他心通﹑宿命通﹑神足通﹑漏盡通。五<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00102','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P102</span></i>百六通指具備六神通的五百羅漢。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#529" id="547">〔一七〕</a>八藴：<span class="shuming">阿毗達磨發智論</span>有八品，稱爲「八犍度」，譯作「八藴」﹑「八聚」等。<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>五百大阿羅漢等造，<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯，廣明法義，備列衆説，爲解釋此八藴之法門者。<span class="shuming">大毗婆沙論序</span>：「集種種異相論道，制爲雜藴；集結論道，制爲結藴；集智論道，制爲智藴；集業論道，制爲業藴；集大種論道，制爲大種藴；集根論道，制爲根藴；集定論道，制爲定藴；集見論道，制爲見藴。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#530" id="548">〔一八〕</a>大：原誤作「文」，據文義改。</span> </p><p> <span>至五百年，<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>學窮域内，自謂一切智人，方立爲大師<a class="zhuhao" href="#556" id="549">〔一〕</a>，<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達龍</span>引入于宫，示以塵沙祕藏<a class="zhuhao" href="#557" id="550">〔二〕</a>。媿所負罪，九旬假誦於龍宫，而特悔其所稱者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>，本<span class="zhuanming">南天竺國</span>梵志也。誦四韋陀，因入王宫。猒欲出家，經論誦盡，嫌佛所説經不多。後龍王請入宫，經九十日，點經題不盡，深悔言失，通解造<span class="shuming">智度論</span>十萬偈。<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>立廟，敬奉如佛<a class="zhuhao" href="#558" id="551">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【媿】居位切，慚也。【負】擔也，荷也。</span> <span>其所誦習，人閒或得之。由是廣製諸論，丕守先教。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">丕，大也。謂大能弘守先聖之教也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【人間或得之】有云<span class="shuming">華嚴經</span>是。</span> <span>洎千年，<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>初學小乘，常欲不利於大乘。其兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>愍之，假疾召使至，具以微言誨。<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>退而省其咎，矍然將自援刀斷舌<a class="zhuhao" href="#559" id="552">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【誨】誘也。【省】息井切，審查也。【矍】居縛切，急視也。【援】音垣，引也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">無著</span>聿來其前<a class="zhuhao" href="#560" id="553">〔五〕</a>，止之曰：「罪自汝心，匪舌之咎。昔既以毁，今盍以讚？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">盍，何不也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【聿】余律切，疾遂也。【盍】胡蠟切，何不也。</span> <span>斷之何補焉？」遂乃制論千部。或宗或釋，翊贊于五乘也<a class="zhuhao" href="#561" id="554">〔六〕</a>。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00103','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P103</span></i> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">天親</span>菩薩，<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">留婁沙富羅國</span>人。兄弟三人俱在有部出家。兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>，先悟大乘，常往<span class="zhuanming">兜率</span>請<span class="zhuanming">彌勒</span>説瑜伽。<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>在有部日，先造小乘論五百部，廣非大乘。後因<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>化之，既悟大乘，乃却造五百本大乘論，廣贊大乘，故號「千部論主」也<a class="zhuhao" href="#562" id="555">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翊】音弋，輔翊也。【贊】佐也，助也。【天親】古師皆云<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>，三藏譯云<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>。【留樓沙富國】<span class="shuming">記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">健馱羅國</span>人。【兄弟三人】<span class="shuming">記</span>云<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>弟子名<span class="zhuanming">師子覺</span>，似非兄弟也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#549" id="556">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>：音譯「<span class="zhuanming">那伽阿周陀那</span>」，又意譯爲「<span class="zhuanming">龍猛</span>」﹑「<span class="zhuanming">龍勝</span>」等，大乘佛教中觀派的創始人，著有<span class="shuming">中論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十住毗婆沙論</span>等大量大乘論典，被<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛教的幾個宗派奉爲祖師，常被稱爲<span class="zhuanming">龍樹菩薩</span>。　一切智人：具足一切智的人。一切智就是周知一切的智慧。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#550" id="557">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">阿耨達龍</span>：爲八大龍王之一，住於<span class="zhuanming">阿耨達池</span>，遠離三患，於諸馬形龍王中，其德最勝。　塵沙：如塵如沙，比喻極多。　祕藏：隱而不傳於人曰祕，藴蓄於内曰藏。諸佛之妙法，以諸佛守護之，不妄宣説，故稱祕藏。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#551" id="558">〔三〕</a>韋陀：婆羅門所傳經典之名。大本别爲四分，故曰四韋陀。詳參<span class="shuming">異學篇</span>「圍陀」注。這裏所説<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>事，詳參<span class="zhuanming">鳩摩羅什</span>譯<span class="shuming">龍樹菩薩傳</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#552" id="559">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">世親</span>：又譯作「<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>」，<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>，爲<span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>之弟，生於佛滅後九百年間的<span class="zhuanming">印度</span><span class="zhuanming">阿逾陀國</span>，初研學小乘，後因長兄<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>示誨，懺悔小執之非，弘宣大乘。造<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>﹑<span class="shuming">唯識</span>等大小乘論各五百部，被號爲「千部論主」。<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">阿逾陁國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">伐蘇畔度菩薩</span>，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>，舊曰<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆</span>，譯曰<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>，訛謬也。」　<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>：<span class="zhuanming">天親</span>（<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>）菩薩之兄。　愍：憂慮。　矍然：驚懼貌。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#553" id="560">〔五〕</a>聿：迅速地。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00104','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P104</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#554" id="561">〔六〕</a>翊贊：輔助，輔佐。　按：<span class="shuming">大唐西域記</span>卷五<span class="shuming">阿逾陁國</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">世親菩薩</span>自<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>至於此也，時<span class="zhuanming">無著菩薩</span>命其門人，令往迎候，至此伽藍，遇而會見。<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>弟子止户牖外，夜分之後，誦<span class="shuming">十地經</span>。<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>聞已，感悟追悔：『甚深妙法，昔所未聞，誹謗之愆，源發於舌，舌爲罪本，今宜除斷。』即執銛刀，欲自斷舌。乃見<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>住立告曰：『夫大乘教者，至真之理也。諸佛所讚，衆聖攸宗。吾欲誨爾，爾今自悟。悟其時矣，何善如之？諸佛聖教，斷舌非悔。昔以舌毁大乘，今以舌讚大乘，補過自新，猶爲善矣。杜口絶言，其利安在？』作是語已，忽不復見。<span class="zhuanming">世親</span>承命，遂不斷舌。旦詣<span class="zhuanming">無著</span>，諮受大乘。於是研精覃思，製大乘論凡百餘部，並盛宣行。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#555" id="562">〔七〕</a><span class="zhuanming">留婁沙富羅國</span>：意譯「<span class="zhuanming">丈夫國</span>」，在<span class="zhuanming">北印度</span>。<span class="shuming">婆藪槃豆法師傳</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">婆藪槃豆法師</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">北天竺</span><span class="zhuanming">富婁沙富羅國</span>人也。富婁沙譯爲丈夫，富羅譯爲土。……<span class="zhuanming">毗搜紐天</span>，既居此地，顯丈夫能，因此立名，稱<span class="zhuanming">丈夫國</span>。」　有部：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>名「薩婆多」，「説一切有部」之略，小乘宗之一。有爲無爲之一切法，都立爲實有，故云「説一切有部」。佛滅後三百年初，於上座部中分立。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">秦正</span>世，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">正</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">祖龍</span>，<span class="zhuanming">秦襄王</span>之子。收六國，築萬里長城，令方士入海往<span class="zhuanming">蓬萊</span>求仙藥也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【姓嬴】音盈，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>姓也。<span class="shuming">地理志</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之先曰<span class="zhuanming">伯益</span>，佐<span class="zhuanming">禹</span>治水，爲<span class="zhuanming">舜</span><span class="zhuanming">虞</span>官，養草木鳥獸，乃賜姓<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>氏。</span> <span>有十八沙門自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>至<a class="zhuhao" href="#572" id="563">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>等十八人也<a class="zhuhao" href="#573" id="564">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>彼暴<span class="zhuanming">嬴</span>方有事于天下，不遑大道。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遑，及也。不及行於大道。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【不遑】暇也。</span> <span>醜我有德，獄沙門於重垣，爲力士神奮威擊垣<a class="zhuhao" href="#574" id="565">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">始皇</span>惟降服禮謝，道人却反西國。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【醜】惡也，臭也，視我有德者如臭穢。【奮】發怒也。</span> <i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00105','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P105</span></i> <span>夫<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之於吾道也，如石不濡於水焉。膏肓之門，不足以發藥，其在此也<a class="zhuhao" href="#575" id="566">〔四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>方無道，以善化之，故不相投也。<span class="zhuanming">晉景公</span>有疾，求醫于<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>。夢疾化爲二豎子，曰：彼良醫也，懼傷我焉。其一曰：居肓之上，膏之下，若我何醫？至曰：疾不可爲也。今<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>暴惡，不足以善化，若疾之膏肓也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【濡】音儒，霑濡。【膏肓】上音高，<span class="shuming">元命包</span>云：液也。下音荒，心上膈下也。【發】進也。【豎】臣庾切，音樹，童子未冠曰豎。【於秦】於，由，用也，行也。</span> <span>雖當時沙門不見申於<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>而鞠之，亦頗得其由矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>等雖不蒙<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>之見遇而又禁之，蓋以<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>暴而不納於善，亦爲<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>之因也<a class="zhuhao" href="#576" id="567">〔五〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞠】音匊，惟躬也。【頗】音坡。又音叵，偏也。【由矣】因也。</span> <span>夫人心險易，閒于山川。爾後所來，實幸<span class="zhuanming">失利房</span>等先嘗之，不求之不至也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">嘗，試也。以<span class="zhuanming">失利房</span>等先試來<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>，雖不納，後來三藏幸此事而知之。故若無<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>使人求請，即不至於此也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【險易】情有奸險者，有通易者。【間】古閑切，近也，隔也。【嘗】試也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>七年辛卯，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以年曆推之，合是甲子。今作辛卯，悮。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【永平三年】<span class="shuming">開皇三寶録</span>等皆云七年。【辛卯】若是三年，應是庚申。若是七年，應是甲子，辛卯者悮。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">顯宗</span>夢金人</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">顯宗</span>，謂<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>第二主<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>，名<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>，<span class="zhuanming">光武</span>之子，<span class="zhuanming">陰皇后</span>所生。</span> <span>項佩日光，在殿庭而飛。乃宵衣俟旦<a class="zhuhao" href="#577" id="568">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">俟，待也。夜夢金人，身有光明，遂坐以待明。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宵】夜也，中夜衣冠以待旦問其事。</span> <span>召群臣以問。<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>對曰：「是佛神也。」</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時<span class="zhuanming">王遵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>等奏：「<span class="zhuanming">周昭王</span>二十四年，大史<span class="zhuanming">蘇由</span>云：『西國佛生，一千年後聲教流此。』今千載餘，合是佛神來至也。」</span> <span>俾<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>將命求諸夢。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遂使<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>等一十八人往西國求之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00106','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P106</span></i>【愔】於心切，精也。【將求諸夢】<span class="shuming">夢篇</span>云，<span class="zhuanming">高宗</span>夢得<span class="zhuanming">説</span>，使百工營求諸野，猶<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>夢金人，使求諸<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>也。</span> <span>及<span class="zhuanming">大月氏</span>，與<span class="zhuanming">攝摩騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>遇焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至<span class="zhuanming">月氏國</span>，見二三藏，一姓<span class="zhuanming">迦攝</span>名<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>，一姓<span class="zhuanming">竺</span>名<span class="zhuanming">法蘭</span>也。</span> <span>彼二士宿藴遐遊濟俗之志，獲<span class="zhuanming">秦</span><span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>而合矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>等見二三藏於<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>，求請以歸<span class="zhuanming">漢國</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宿藴】素積也。【大月氏】下音支，此有二，一在<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>，属<span class="zhuanming">北印土</span>，有佛影處，至下當叙。二在<span class="zhuanming">大苑康居</span>之西，是<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">張騫</span>到者。不知此至何<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>也。</span> <span>十年甲午，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">本作丁卯，甲午悮。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【十年甲午】<span class="shuming">三寶録</span>是丁卯，又<span class="shuming">陶隱居年歷</span>云：<span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>夢金人是<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十一年戊辰歲，與諸書又不同爾者也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>使至自<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>。二沙門入于<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">時<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>，都<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>。</span> <span>獻<span class="zhuanming">釋迦</span>圖像並諸經。於是肇有寺于<span class="zhuanming">洛城</span>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">三藏初至，館于鴻臚寺。以白馬馱經而來，遂呼爲<span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>。若就<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語爲僧伽藍，此爲衆園，謂行道處也<a class="zhuhao" href="#578" id="569">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鴻臚寺】鴻，大也。中音閭，天子九寺，鴻臚寺在<span class="zhuanming">洛</span>之西，改名<span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>。【圖像】<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本作者，悮。</span> <span>爲像於<span class="zhuanming">南宫</span><span class="zhuanming">清涼臺</span>及<span class="zhuanming">關陽門</span><span class="zhuanming">顯節陵</span>上也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆於此等處圖像也。</span> <span>其經始命翻譯，以<span class="shuming">四十二章</span>載其首，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>二三藏最初譯經一卷，號<span class="shuming">四十二章經</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【載】去呼，則也，始也。</span> <span>緘于蘭臺石室，俟可聞者聞焉<a class="zhuhao" href="#579" id="570">〔八〕</a>。於穆哉！</span> <span class="font12 zhu">蘭臺石室，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>藏書閟閣也。於，嗟歎之辭。穆，敬也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【於穆】上音嗚，呼歎也。穆，敬也，原也，清也，和也，美也。</span> <span>夫聖教之於時，其可順也，不可强也。順則渥物，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">渥，霑也。謂若<span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>之代而來。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【渥】於角切，沾閏也。</span> <span>强則疵物。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">若<span class="zhuanming">秦代</span>而來。疵，病也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【疵】疾移切，黑病也。</span> <span>故推引之道，非至智不能見之矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#580" id="571">〔九〕</a>。</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00107','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P107</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#563" id="572">〔一〕</a>沙門：<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>語音譯，或譯爲「娑門」﹑「桑門」﹑「喪門」等，出家佛教徒的總稱。原爲古<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>反婆羅門教思潮各個派别出家者的通稱，佛教盛行後專指佛教僧侣。<span class="zhuanming">袁宏</span><span class="shuming">後漢紀</span><span class="shuming">明帝紀下</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>者，佛也。……其精者，號爲沙門。沙門者，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>言息心，蓋息意去欲而歸於無爲也。」<span class="shuming">魏書</span>卷一一四<span class="shuming">釋老志</span>：「諸服其道者，則剃落鬚髮，釋累辭家，結師資，遵律度，相與和居，治心修浄，行乞以自給。謂之沙門，或曰桑門，亦聲相近，總謂之僧，皆胡言也。僧，譯爲和命衆，桑門爲息心，比丘爲行乞。」<span class="shuming">釋氏要覽</span>卷上<span class="shuming">沙門</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">肇師</span>云：出家之都名也。<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>云沙迦懣曩，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>言勤息，謂此人勤修善品，息諸惡故。又<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>譯云勤行，謂勤修善法，行趣涅槃也。或云沙門那，或云桑門，皆譯人<span class="zhuanming">楚</span><span class="zhuanming">夏</span>爾。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#564" id="573">〔二〕</a><span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>：<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>僧人，傳説中<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>時期來<span class="zhuanming">華</span>傳教的十八人之一。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#565" id="574">〔三〕</a>重垣：一道又一道牆壁，謂設防森嚴。　<span class="shuming">佛祖統紀</span>卷三四：「<span class="zhuanming">秦始皇</span>四年，<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">室利房</span>等十八人，齎佛經來化，帝以其異俗囚之。夜有丈六金神破户出之，帝驚，稽首稱謝，以厚禮遣出境。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#566" id="575">〔四〕</a>膏肓：心尖脂肪爲「膏」，心臟舆膈膜之間爲「肓」，傳統中醫認爲「膏肓」是藥力達不到的地方。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#567" id="576">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>：<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>與<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>，初傳佛教於<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>的人。<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span>派遣<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>等於<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>求法，遇<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>，<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十年與<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>等共至<span class="zhuanming">洛陽</span>，譯<span class="shuming">四十二章經</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地有佛法，自此始。<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>傳見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一，<span class="zhuanming">竺法蘭</span>傳見<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷二。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#568" id="577">〔六〕</a>宵衣：天不亮就起身穿衣。<span class="zhuanming">徐陵</span><span class="shuming">陳文皇帝哀册文</span>：「勤民聽政，昃食宵衣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#569" id="578">〔七〕</a>鴻臚寺：官署名，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>曰典客，<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>改爲大行令，<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>時又改名大鴻臚。鴻臚，本爲大聲傳贊，引導儀節之意。大鴻臚主外賓之事。至<span class="zhuanming">北齊</span>，置鴻臚寺，後代沿置。　<span class="zhuanming">白馬寺</span>：建於<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">永平</span>十一<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00108','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P108</span></i>年（六八），是佛教傳入<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>後第一所官辦寺院。　僧伽藍：僧伽羅磨，即寺院。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#570" id="579">〔八〕</a>蘭臺：宫内藏書之所。　石室：藏圖書檔案處。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#571" id="580">〔九〕</a>推引：推薦引進。</span> </p><p> <span>人亦有言曰：夫<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>何世，<span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>何德？蓋元淳漸澆<a class="zhuhao" href="#584" id="581">〔一〕</a>，仁義漸廢，<span class="shuming">道德</span>與五經將墜于地，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">永平</span>時，道德既薄，文籍將墜。言世澆漓之甚也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【淳】清也，朴也。【五經】<span class="shuming">周易</span>﹑<span class="shuming">尚書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">樂記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">春秋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>五經。【澆漓】上音嬌，下音離，薄淡無味也。</span> <span>而慈運遠構，<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教彌布。使此方黷先所習者<a class="zhuhao" href="#585" id="582">〔二〕</a>，忻新所聞，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">佛法於澆薄之代而來，使猒仁義禮樂者，忻其新教，改往習新而行之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【構】架也，合也。【彌】遠也。【黷】垢也。</span> <span>革違從勸，三訓萃舉，以光被天下也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">訓，教也。萃，集也。以三教集舉而化世也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【革】改也。【違】背也。【勸】勉也。【萃】集也，聚也。【舉】揚也，立也。【光被】光覆也。<span class="shuming">書</span>云：「光被四外。」</span> <span>故吾道焉將不可舉，雖千年，參辰背焉；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">吾教爲化導之本，若與世未合，縱歷千載之期，若參星與辰星，必不相合也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【參】參，<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>分之星名，於相衝者爲星名。</span> <span>將可舉，雖萬里，風馬通焉。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">其或教可舉，行途雖萬里，亦可通也。風馬謂牝牡相逐也。<span class="zhuanming">齊桓</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>子云：至於風馬牛不相及也<a class="zhuhao" href="#586" id="583">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【風馬】<span class="shuming">費誓</span>曰：馬牛其風，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐。注：風，逸也。萬里風馬者，<span class="zhuanming">僖公</span>四年，<span class="zhuanming">齊桓</span>伐<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>，<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>子云：惟是風馬牛不相及。風，牧也。牡牝相逐謂之風。鄰國可以相及。此隔<span class="zhuanming">魯</span>，是不相及也。【牝牡】上毗忍切，畜母也。下音母，牡也走，曰牝牡。</span> <span>是以<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00109','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P109</span></i><span class="zhuanming">漢</span>詔降于天陲，聖日出于東方。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">陲，邊也。謂<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>等至<span class="zhuanming">月氏</span>。聖日，謂<span class="zhuanming">摩騰</span>東來也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陲】音垂，邊也。</span> <span>燭生靈於重垠，示大覺於昭回。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">垠，邊也。佛日照燭群品，光華天地也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【垠】音銀，岸也。【詔】照也，照人暗不見事，使昭然可詔也。【昭回】昭，光也；回，明轉也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#581" id="584">〔一〕</a>元淳：天真樸素。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#582" id="585">〔二〕</a>黷：輕慢不敬。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#583" id="586">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">左傳</span><span class="shuming">僖公四年</span>：「君處北海，寡人處南海，唯是風馬牛不相及也。」</span> </p><p> <span>夫假一宵之夢，樹風聲於萬古，如<span class="zhuanming">帝莊</span>者<a class="zhuhao" href="#595" id="587">〔一〕</a>，天下實有君矣；</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>一夢金人，西求教法，始立風範，聲教終爲萬古之規。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【假】託也。【樹】上聲，立也。</span> <span>宣心茂猷，光啓<span class="zhuanming">有漢</span>，如<span class="zhuanming">王</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢室</span>實有臣矣；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">茂，盛；猷，圖也。宣心盛圖，開明<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>祚。謂<span class="zhuanming">王遵</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">傅毅</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">秦景</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蔡愔</span>等也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【宣】布也。【茂】弘也。【猷】道也。</span> <span>爲法王之遺徒，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">遺，苗。徒，弟。</span> <span>弘嗣德音，如<span class="zhuanming">騰</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">蘭</span>者，<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>實有僧矣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">能嗣聲教。</span> <span>眇觀前古，豐德厚利實勤於生民者，民荷其賜，播其休烈，盛于祠秩<a class="zhuhao" href="#596" id="588">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">眇，細也。觀前代有利於民，感其恩，必揚其美，業大陳于享祀也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【祠】音詞，<span class="shuming">公羊傳</span>云：春祭曰祠。又，廟也。【秩】直一切，次序也，積也。積蒭養牲。【享祭】上獻也，下祭也。</span> <span>故<span class="shuming">禮</span>曰：「法施於生民，死則祀之。以勞定國則祀之，以能禦大災則祀之，能捍大難則祀之。」<a class="zhuhao" href="#597" id="589">〔三〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【禦】音語，止也。【捍】音汗，拒也。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>與二三臣暢金仙之教，適<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00110','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P110</span></i>未聞之俗，使人以悃悃之誠<a class="zhuhao" href="#598" id="590">〔四〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">悃悃，切也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【炎氏】<span class="zhuanming">光武</span>火德王天下，故曰<span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>，如<span class="zhuanming">神農</span>號<span class="zhuanming">炎帝</span>。【適】樂也，善也。【悃】苦本切，志純一也。</span> <span>知罪福所歸，猒有涯之形，尚滅心之理<a class="zhuhao" href="#599" id="591">〔五〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">漢明</span>與二三臣初道開佛教，使迷倒之俗，悟解罪福，猒有盡之身，達證無生之理<a class="zhuhao" href="#600" id="592">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span>恢恢焉玄化之功，冠乎仁祠。而世不崇其寢，昭其奠禮，雖古之云闕，而今亦未得也<a class="zhuhao" href="#601" id="593">〔七〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">恢恢，廓也。以其功雖恢廓，造化於祠典，合冠其首，而世不崇其寢廟，明其亨奠，於古之云闕，今亦未得不闕也<a class="zhuhao" href="#602" id="594">〔八〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【恢】苦迴切，大也。【冠乎仁祠】上音貫。【崇】高也，奉也。【寢】寢廟也。前廟後寢也。【奠】定也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#587" id="595">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">帝莊</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span><span class="zhuanming">劉莊</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#588" id="596">〔二〕</a>眇觀：諦視，仔細看。　荷：承蒙。　休烈：盛美的功業。　祠秩：待遇。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#589" id="597">〔三〕</a>按：<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">祭法</span>：「夫聖王之制祭祀也，法施於民則祀之，以死勤事則祀之，以勞定國則祀之，能禦大菑則祀之，能捍大患則祀之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#590" id="598">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>自稱以火德王，故稱<span class="zhuanming">炎漢</span>。這裏<span class="zhuanming">炎氏</span>當指<span class="zhuanming">漢明帝</span>。　金仙：指佛。　悃悃：忠誠貌。<span class="shuming">楚辭</span><span class="shuming">卜居</span>：「吾寧悃悃款款，朴以忠乎？將送往勞來，斯無窮乎？」<span class="zhuanming">王逸</span>注：「志純一也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#591" id="599">〔五〕</a>罪福：五逆十惡等爲罪，五戒十善等爲福。罪有苦報，福有樂果。　𤞣：嫌惡。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#592" id="600">〔六〕</a>證：即證果，亦即開悟。　無生之理：涅槃的道理。涅槃之真理無生滅，故曰無生。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#593" id="601">〔七〕</a>玄化：聖德教化。　仁祠：佛教的祭祀。<span class="shuming">後漢書</span>卷四二<span class="shuming">楚王英</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">楚</span>王誦<span class="zhuanming">黄老</span>之微言，尚<span class="zhuanming">浮屠</span>之仁祠。」</span> </p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00111','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P111</span></i><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#594" id="602">〔八〕</a>祠典：有關祭祀的典制。　寢廟：指宗廟。宗廟的正殿稱廟，後殿稱寢，合稱爲寢廟。<span class="shuming">禮記</span><span class="shuming">月令</span>：「寢廟畢備。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「凡廟，前曰廟，後曰寢。」<span class="zhuanming">孔穎達</span>疏：「廟是接神之處，其處尊，故在前，寢，衣冠所藏之處，對廟爲卑，故在後。但廟制有東西廂，有序牆，寢制惟室而已。故<span class="shuming">釋宫</span>云『室有東西廂曰廟，無東西廂有室曰寢』是也。」　亨奠：祭奠。亨，同「享」。</span> </p><p> <span>自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>中興之始，涓涓乎濫觴<a class="zhuhao" href="#609" id="603">〔一〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">濫，溢也。<span class="zhuanming">漢水</span>初出，只可溢於一觴。佛法自<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span>之初，涓涓細流，如<span class="zhuanming">漢水</span>之初出也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【涓】水小流皃也。【濫】泉正出曰濫。【觴】音傷，酒器實曰觴，虚曰觶。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>流束薪<a class="zhuhao" href="#610" id="604">〔二〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">至<span class="zhuanming">曹魏</span>之代，漸如流於束薪。</span> <span>迄今我<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>，其風寖廣。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">自<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>佛法初至，到今巨<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>，其法漸廣矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【我唐】指<span class="zhuanming">唐憲宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元和</span>年也。【寖】音浸，漬也，漸也。</span> <span>鞠搜衆部，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">鞠，窮也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【鞠搜】推求也。</span> <span>八千餘卷。今來<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>僧，翻譯未已。其間<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>之世，二<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>之家，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">南齊</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭道成</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭衍</span>，兩朝二<span class="zhuanming">蕭</span>，並都<span class="zhuanming">金陵</span>也。</span> <span>學優詞洽，多乎製撰，如<span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span><span class="zhuanming">子良</span>鈔集衆經，别爲七十部二百五十九卷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span>以部類抄集之也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【優】瞻也。【洽】普也。【竟陵王】<span class="zhuanming">竟陵</span>，郡名，王封彼也。<span class="zhuanming">齊</span><span class="zhuanming">竟陵王</span><span class="zhuanming">蕭子良</span>。</span> <span>雖當時自意不欲外傳，而後世寫之，編諸正録。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【編】次也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>太子<span class="zhuanming">綱</span></span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="zhuanming">簡文帝</span>。</span> <span>撰<span class="shuming">法寶聯璧</span>二百卷。沙門<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#611" id="605">〔三〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">撰<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>十六卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【弘明集二十卷】注悮，一十六卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#612" id="606">〔四〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">住<span class="zhuanming">虎丘山</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蕭昂</span>往禮之，高卧不起，人號爲<span class="zhuanming">梁代</span>素王。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【素】王素空也，無位而王也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">寶唱</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#613" id="607">〔五〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">楊都</span><span class="zhuanming">莊嚴寺</span>僧，博識洽聞，<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>令撰<span class="shuming">經律異相</span>五十卷。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">智藏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#614" id="608">〔六〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梁</span>高僧，聰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00112','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P112</span></i>明博識。</span> <span>咸皆纘述，頗多條目。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【纘】作管切，繼也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#603" id="609">〔一〕</a>濫觴：江河發源處水很小，僅可浮起酒杯。<span class="zhuanming">酈道元</span><span class="shuming">水經注</span>卷三三<span class="shuming">江水一</span>：「<span class="zhuanming">江</span>水自此已上至微弱，所謂發源濫觴者也。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#604" id="610">〔二〕</a>束薪：一捆薪柴。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">王風</span><span class="shuming">揚之水</span>：「揚之水，不流束薪。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#605" id="611">〔三〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">俞</span>，<span class="zhuanming">江蘇</span><span class="zhuanming">江寧</span>人。搜集有關佛經翻譯原委﹑序﹑譯經者之傳記等資料撰<span class="shuming">出三藏記集</span>，並將四至五世紀間佛教與<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>固有思想之論争及其他文書輯爲<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>，還有著述多部。<span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷一一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#606" id="612">〔四〕</a><span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">孫氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span><span class="zhuanming">富春</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">天監</span>六年製注<span class="shuming">般若經</span>。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#607" id="613">〔五〕</a><span class="zhuanming">寶唱</span>：<span class="zhuanming">僧祐</span>弟子，奉敕與<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>等共撰<span class="shuming">經律異相</span>等。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#608" id="614">〔六〕</a><span class="zhuanming">智藏</span>：俗姓<span class="zhuanming">顧</span>，<span class="zhuanming">吴郡</span>人。精通經論及戒律，與<span class="zhuanming">僧旻</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">法雲</span>並稱爲<span class="zhuanming">梁代</span>三大法師。<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span>後葉或有廢通莊而遵歧路者也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">通莊，大路，謂正經也。歧，小路，群集也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【通莊】譯官云一達曰道路，二達曰歧旁，三達曰劇旁，四達曰衢，五達曰康，六達曰莊，七達曰驂劇，八達曰崇期，九達曰逵。</span> <span>時太學<span class="zhuanming">江泌</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#629" id="615">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">梁朝</span>學士。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【泌】音祕。</span> <span>女年始八歲，自<span class="zhuanming">永元</span>元年至<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>四年，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">永元</span>，<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>年號。<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁武</span>年號，自己卯至乙酉，計七年。</span> <span>静坐閉目，自然誦出三十卷，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">今藏内有題目而無經文，既非佛語，今在僞録也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【三十卷】合云三十五卷。</span> <span>議者以爲天授之也<a class="zhuhao" href="#630" id="616">〔二〕</a>。夫<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00113','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P113</span></i>何區别其真僞哉？大乘以一法謂實相也<a class="zhuhao" href="#631" id="617">〔三〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">實相謂真如也<a class="zhuhao" href="#632" id="618">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【區】分也。</span> <span>小乘三焉，謂諸行無常﹑諸法無我﹑涅槃寂静<a class="zhuhao" href="#633" id="619">〔五〕</a>。然有乖乎此者，則不爲吾教也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【乖】違背。</span> <span>其有蕪累凡淺如<span class="shuming">七佛神呪</span>﹑<span class="shuming">普賢證明</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法華度量</span>﹑<span class="shuming">天地八陽</span>﹑<span class="shuming">延壽命</span>等經，乖於衆典，失聖言之體，存乎疑僞，非所論也<a class="zhuhao" href="#634" id="620">〔六〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">並存疑僞録。</span> <span>其或質濁繁細，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">如<span class="shuming">陰持入</span>﹑<span class="shuming">道地</span>等經<a class="zhuhao" href="#635" id="621">〔七〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【蕪累】猶繁蕪也。【凡淺】文體俗近。【質】朴不文也。【濁】不清也。【繁】不簡也。【陰】去聲呼。</span> <span>如<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">魏</span>失譯並<span class="shuming">藥師</span>等經<a class="zhuhao" href="#636" id="622">〔八〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">尸利蜜多羅</span>乃與<span class="zhuanming">鹿野寺</span><span class="zhuanming">惠簡</span>譯，今在正録<a class="zhuhao" href="#637" id="623">〔九〕</a>。</span> <span>雖不雅奥，且非虧謬，驗之重譯，不可廢也<a class="zhuhao" href="#638" id="624">〔一○〕</a>。然得禽雖一目之網，而藉萬目資乎一目；出苦雖一門之法，而兼萬法資乎一門<a class="zhuhao" href="#639" id="625">〔一一〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">雖以一目獲禽，不可唯開於一目；雖以一法契機，不可唯演於一法。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虧】理缺曰虧。【謬】悮也。【驗】證也。【藉】慈夜﹑慈亦二切，假借也。【資】助也。</span> <span>故演而伸之，爲八萬四千之法藏也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【伸】舒布也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>云<a class="zhuhao" href="#640" id="626">〔一二〕</a>：</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>，<span class="zhuanming">蒼梧</span>太守也，著書曰<span class="shuming">牟子</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【牟子】<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span><span class="shuming">治惑論</span>凡三十七篇，有所法焉。佛經前説者，此第三篇。彼問曰：至寶不華，至言不飾。言約而至者麗，事寡而達者明。故珠玉少而貴，瓦礫多而賤。聖人製七經，不過三萬餘言，衆事備焉。今佛經卷以萬計，言以億數，非以人力所堪也，是繁而不要也。<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>曰：江海異於行潦者，以深廣也；山岳别於丘陵者，以高大也。若高不絶丘阜，則跛羊陵其顛；若深不絶涓流，則孺子浴其淵。故麒麟不處苑囿之中，吞舟之魚不游數仞之溪。剖三寸蚌求明月之珠，採枳棘之巢求鳳凰之鶵，必難獲也。故佛<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00114','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P114</span></i>説億劫之事也。【蒼梧太守】<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>注曰：一云<span class="zhuanming">蒼梧</span>太守，人疑。</span> <span>佛經前説億載之事，却道萬世之要。太素未兆，太始未生<a class="zhuhao" href="#641" id="627">〔一三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【却】退也。【要】去呼，約也。【兆】<span class="shuming">説文</span>曰：分者。</span> <span>乾坤肇興，其微不可握，其纖不可入。佛悉彌綸其廣大之表，剖析其窈眇之内，靡不紀之，故其經卷以萬計，言以億數<a class="zhuhao" href="#642" id="628">〔一四〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">故<span class="zhuanming">龍樹</span>九十日，龍宫不能盡其籤題。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【握】持也。【纖】微細也。【入】内也。【悉】詳盡也。【彌】益也。【綸】經也。【窈眇】上音杳，深也；下宜渺，遠也。【靡】無也。【籤】表顯也。</span> <span>譬如臨河飲水，飽而自足，焉知其餘哉？</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【焉】何也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#615" id="629">〔一〕</a><span class="zhuanming">江泌</span>：字<span class="zhuanming">士清</span>，<span class="zhuanming">濟陽</span><span class="zhuanming">考城</span>（今屬<span class="zhuanming">河南</span>）人。好讀書，性至仁。<span class="shuming">南史</span>卷七三﹑<span class="shuming">南齊書</span>卷五五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#616" id="630">〔二〕</a><span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷一<span class="shuming">僧伽婆羅傳</span>：「有太學博士<span class="zhuanming">江泌</span>女<span class="zhuanming">僧法</span>者，小年出家。有時静坐，閉目誦出<span class="shuming">浄土</span>﹑<span class="shuming">妙莊嚴</span>等經。始從八歲，終於十六，總出三十五卷。<span class="zhuanming">天監</span>年中在<span class="zhuanming">華光殿</span>，親對<span class="zhuanming">武帝</span>誦出異經，<span class="zhuanming">楊都</span>道俗，咸稱神授。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#617" id="631">〔三〕</a>實相：佛教稱宇宙永恒之本性，又名佛性﹑法性﹑真如﹑法身﹑真諦等。佛教認爲凡所有相，皆是虚妄，惟此獨實，不變不壞，故名實相。<span class="shuming">大般涅槃經</span>卷四○：「無相之相，名爲實相。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#618" id="632">〔四〕</a>真如：佛教的宇宙本體，亦即絶對不變的永恒「真理」。<span class="shuming">成唯實論</span>卷九：「真謂真實，顯非虚妄；如謂如常，表無變易。謂此真如，於一切位，常如其性，故曰真如。」參「實相」注。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#619" id="633">〔五〕</a>「小乘三焉」句：指三法印。法印比喻佛教的主要教義，是區分佛法與外道的準繩。三法印爲：一﹑諸行無常印，言一切有爲法，念念生滅而無常；二﹑諸法無我印，言一切有爲無爲諸法中，無有我之<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00115','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P115</span></i>實體；三﹑涅槃寂静印，滅一切生死之苦而爲無爲寂静。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷二二：「佛法印有三種：一者一切有爲法，念念生滅皆無常；二者一切法無我；三者寂滅涅槃。」<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華經玄義</span>卷八上：「<span class="shuming">釋論</span>云：諸小乘經，若有無常﹑無我﹑涅槃三印印之，即是佛説，修之得道，無三法印即是魔説。大乘經但有一法印，謂諸法實相，名了義經，能得大道，若無實相印，即是魔所説。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#620" id="634">〔六〕</a>蕪累：文辭繁冗累贅。　凡淺：平庸淺陋。　<span class="shuming">七佛神咒</span>：<span class="shuming">七佛所説神咒經</span>，又作<span class="shuming">七佛八菩薩所説大陀羅尼神咒經</span>，四卷，説七佛八菩薩各神咒。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>收入卷二一「祕教部」。　<span class="shuming">普賢證明</span>：<span class="shuming">普賢菩薩説證明經</span>，在<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時代的經典目録上是作爲僞經而出現的。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>遺書<span class="zhuanming">斯</span>一五五二﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一三六﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一八六有抄本。其中<span class="zhuanming">斯</span>一五五二卷抄本殘缺，首尾不具。<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一三六﹑<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一八六均首尾完整，<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一三六號的經名是「普賢菩薩説此證明經」，<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二一八六號的經名是「普賢菩薩證明經」，經的本文被收入<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷八五「古逸部」。　<span class="shuming">法華度量</span>：疑即<span class="shuming">妙法蓮花經度量天地品第二十九</span>，又名<span class="shuming">妙法蓮華度量天地經</span>﹑<span class="shuming">度量天地經</span>等。<span class="zhuanming">隋</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">法經</span>等撰<span class="shuming">衆經目録</span>有著録。本經因歷代經録斥爲僞經，爲歷代大藏經所不收，幸賴<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>遺書得以保存。其具體情況，見<span class="zhuanming">方廣錩</span><span class="shuming">敦煌遺書中的妙法蓮華經及有關文獻</span>，載<span class="shuming">中華佛學學報</span>第十期。　<span class="shuming">天地八陽</span>：<span class="shuming">天地八陽神咒經</span>。<span class="shuming">貞元新定釋教目録</span>卷二八：「<span class="shuming">天地八陽經</span>一卷，卷末題云<span class="shuming">八陽神咒經</span>，與正經中<span class="shuming">八陽神咒</span>義理全異。此説陰陽﹑吉凶﹑禳災﹑除禍法。」<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>收入卷八五「古逸部」。　<span class="shuming">延壽命</span>：<span class="shuming">佛説延壽命經</span>，一卷。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>收入卷八五「古逸部」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#621" id="635">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">陰持入</span>：二卷。説五陰六入等法相及三十七器道科。　<span class="shuming">道地</span>：一卷，<span class="shuming">修行道地經</span>之略出。兩者<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00116','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P116</span></i>均爲<span class="zhuanming">後漢</span><span class="zhuanming">安世高</span>譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#622" id="636">〔八〕</a><span class="shuming">藥師經</span>：有五譯：一，題曰<span class="shuming">佛説灌頂拔除過罪生死得脱經</span>，<span class="shuming">佛説灌頂經</span>一二所載，<span class="zhuanming">東晉</span><span class="zhuanming">帛尸梨蜜多羅</span>譯，一卷。二，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span>譯<span class="shuming">藥師琉璃光經</span>一卷（不入藏經）。三，<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">達摩笈多</span>譯<span class="shuming">佛説藥師如來本願經</span>一卷。四，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯<span class="shuming">藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經</span>一卷。五，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>譯<span class="shuming">藥師琉璃光七佛本願功德經</span>二卷。前四譯單譯出<span class="zhuanming">藥師如來</span>之部，第五<span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>譯於前卷譯出六佛，於後卷譯出<span class="zhuanming">藥師佛</span>。故單言<span class="shuming">藥師經</span>，則爲前四譯，特指<span class="zhuanming">玄奘</span>譯。言<span class="zhuanming">義浄</span>譯者，則稱<span class="shuming">七佛藥師經</span>。各家疏注如下：<span class="shuming">藥師經疏</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">窺基</span>撰；<span class="shuming">藥師經鐙焰</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">浄挺</span>著；<span class="shuming">藥師經直解</span>一卷，<span class="zhuanming">靈耀</span>撰，附<span class="zhuanming">梵</span>文<span class="shuming">神咒</span>；<span class="shuming">藥師經古跡</span>二卷，<span class="zhuanming">新羅</span><span class="zhuanming">太賢</span>撰；<span class="shuming">藥師經鈔</span>二卷，<span class="zhuanming">善珠</span>撰；<span class="shuming">藥師經篡解</span>四卷，<span class="zhuanming">亮汰</span>撰。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#623" id="637">〔九〕</a><span class="zhuanming">惠簡</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">慧簡</span>，<span class="shuming">續高僧傳</span>卷二五有傳。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#624" id="638">〔一○〕</a>重譯：重新翻譯。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#625" id="639">〔一一〕</a>萬法：猶言「萬事」﹑「萬象」。<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>卷三○<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>府<span class="zhuanming">華嚴長老</span><span class="shuming">示衆</span>：「萬法從心生，萬法從心滅，皆由你心善惡也。」　「得禽雖一目之網」者，<span class="shuming">淮南子</span><span class="shuming">説山訓</span>：「有鳥將來，張羅而待之。得鳥者，羅之一目也。今爲一目之羅，則無時得鳥矣。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#626" id="640">〔一二〕</a>按：<span class="zhuanming">牟子</span>，著<span class="shuming">治惑論</span>（<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>人避諱，改爲<span class="shuming">理惑論</span>）三十七篇，首載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>，並有注云：一云「<span class="zhuanming">漢</span><span class="zhuanming">蒼梧</span>太守<span class="zhuanming">牟子博</span>傳」。此書糅合儒﹑道各家學説，是<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>第一部佛學專著。詳參<span class="zhuanming">湯用彤</span><span class="shuming">漢魏兩晉南北朝佛教史</span><span class="shuming">牟子作理惑論</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#627" id="641">〔一三〕</a>太素：質之始，道家哲學中代表天地開闢前出現原始物質的宇宙狀態，與太易﹑太初﹑太始﹑太極並<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00117','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P117</span></i>爲「先天五太」，是無極過渡到天地誕生前的五個階段之一。　太始：形之始，即形成物質的原始狀態。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#628" id="642">〔一四〕</a>彌綸：統攝。<span class="shuming">易</span><span class="shuming">繫辭上</span>：「<span class="shuming">易</span>與天地準，故能彌綸天地之道。」　窈眇：精微，幽遠。<span class="shuming">牟子理惑論</span>：「其廣大之外，剖析其寂；窈妙之内，靡不紀之。」</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">函夏</span>二聖之經<a class="zhuhao" href="#647" id="643">〔一〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">宣父</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#648" id="644">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span>居百氏，如北辰之於懸象矣<a class="zhuhao" href="#649" id="645">〔三〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>爲北辰，諸子爲衆星<a class="zhuhao" href="#650" id="646">〔四〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【函夏】上音含，容也。下大也。有大容德，乃二聖也。故<span class="shuming">道經</span>云：「孔德之容，唯道是從。」或<span class="zhuanming">函谷關</span>名。<span class="zhuanming">夏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">中夏</span>也，於<span class="zhuanming">關</span>内<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>著<span class="shuming">道德經</span>，<span class="zhuanming">關</span>外<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>述禮樂，故云二聖之經也。【宣父】下音甫。</span> <span>而<span class="zhuanming">孔</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>之外，猶有象聖之格言：<span class="zhuanming">楊朱</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">惠施</span>，虚無之流也；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">出<span class="shuming">莊子</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【猶】向也。【象聖】宜像字，佀也。【格】至也，式也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">墨翟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">韓非</span>，濟世之流也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">出<span class="shuming">史記</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【翟】音狄。【濟世】治國也。</span> <span>其閒<span class="zhuanming">馬遷</span>脩史，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">司馬遷</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">子長</span>，<span class="zhuanming">漢武</span>時人。爲太史，繼父脩<span class="shuming">史記</span>一百三十卷。</span> <span>先<span class="zhuanming">黄</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>而後六經；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">六經，<span class="shuming">春秋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">禮記</span>﹑<span class="shuming">毛詩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">尚書</span>﹑<span class="shuming">周易</span>﹑<span class="shuming">樂記</span>爲六也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">班固</span>藝文，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">班固</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">孟堅</span>，修<span class="shuming">前漢書</span>一百二十卷。</span> <span>始儒家而次道德，三於吾宗爲三教，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">所謂儒道<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>。</span> <span>揚日月於不朽。至於廢興取捨，皆繫於時也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或取或捨，或廢或興，皆繫於時數也。</span> <span>其有後世作者，或詞勝於理，或才不及事。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">或詞雖富贍，其理踈曠；或事雖備引，而才力不足也。</span> <span>務華去實，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">漏失也。好史筆者於實事多失。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【務】趣也。【去】上去，除也。</span> <span>尚玄否黄，知之者患居浮促，孰能與死者交論？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">既<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00118','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P118</span></i>知偏執之非，而所患浮世短促，誰能与前代之人交論是非者矣。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【尚玄】其色黑也。</span> <span>不知者誠誦在心，播流無極。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">不了之徒，但知持誦在心，布流無盡而已。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#643" id="647">〔一〕</a>函夏：指<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">揚雄傳上</span>：「以<span class="zhuanming">函夏</span>之<span class="zhuanming">大漢</span>兮，彼曾何足與比功？」<span class="zhuanming">服虔</span>注：「函夏，函諸夏也。」<span class="zhuanming">顔師古</span>注：「函，包容也。彼謂<span class="zhuanming">堯</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">舜</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">殷</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">周</span>也。函讀與含同。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#644" id="648">〔二〕</a>老：原誤作「孝」，據文義改。　<span class="zhuanming">宣父</span>：<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>。<span class="zhuanming">唐太宗</span><span class="zhuanming">貞觀</span>十一年（六三七），詔尊<span class="zhuanming">孔子</span>爲「<span class="zhuanming">宣父</span>」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#645" id="649">〔三〕</a>百氏：諸子百家。<span class="shuming">漢書</span><span class="shuming">叙傳下</span>：「緯六經，綴道綱，總百氏，贊篇章。」　懸象：天象，這裏指星辰。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#646" id="650">〔四〕</a>老：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本誤作「孝」。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">爲政</span>：「子曰：『爲政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而衆星共之。』」</span> </p><p> <span>然儒教以朝祀喪戎爲國之綱紀，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">朝謂殷眺會覲之禮，祀謂宗廟六禋之事，喪謂弔贈葬臨之儀，戎謂講武征伐之事<a class="zhuhao" href="#667" id="651">〔一〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【綱紀】綱，索也。大曰綱，小曰紀也。【朝禮喪戎】<span class="shuming">周禮</span>太宗伯掌五禮，謂吉﹑凶，賓﹑軍﹑嘉。如餘記説也。【殷】衆﹑大也。作樂之盛也。【眺】音粜，<span class="shuming">周禮</span>大夫衆來曰眺，寡來曰聘。覜字悮。【會】又<span class="zhuanming">桓公</span>有車兵衣冠之會也。【覲】音近，見也。諸侯五年一朝天子曰覲。【六禋】音因，敬也，潔祀也。又，精意祀享爲禋。所祀者，謂星﹑辰﹑司中﹑司命﹑風師﹑雨師爲六，或天地四方曰六也。【弔】問生曰唁，問死曰弔。音釣。【贈】賜死曰贈，助也。【葬】藏尸也。【臨】莅也。如<span class="zhuanming">史鰌</span>死，陳尸牖下，君心臨喪也。【戎】兵人也。【講武】講，告也，謀也，論也。止戈曰武。如<span class="zhuanming">曹操</span>有<span class="zhuanming">講武城</span>。【征伐】軍行曰征，加兵曰<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00119','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P119</span></i>伐。</span> <span>統行其道，鮮克攸紊。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">攸，所也。紊，亂也。能揔其事而行之，則於禮少有紊亂。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【統】攝也，紀也。【鮮】上呼，少也。【紊】音問，亂也。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>之教，理在虚玄，迹參權實<a class="zhuhao" href="#668" id="652">〔二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">理既虚無幽玄，其道或權或實也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【虚玄】虚無玄妙者也。【迹參】教承也。【權實】隨機曰權，稱性曰實。虚玄通<span class="zhuanming">釋</span><span class="zhuanming">老</span>，權實唯在<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>也。</span> <span>致令中人已下，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">上士聞而行之，中士如存若亡，下士侮而笑之<a class="zhuhao" href="#669" id="653">〔三〕</a>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【致】至也，使也。【上士聞而行之】<span class="shuming">道德經</span>上士等。</span> <span>阿附曲演，非妖則妄。<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>聲亂雅，魚目欺珠<a class="zhuhao" href="#670" id="654">〔四〕</a>，是以道則有<span class="shuming">化胡經</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#671" id="655">〔五〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">晉</span>時<span class="zhuanming">王浮</span>道士所撰，一卷。後漸添成十一卷。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【阿】平呼，黨也。【附】依倚也。【典演】邪説。【妖】惑也。【妄】謬也。【鄭】淫也。【雅】正也。</span> <span><span class="shuming">夷夏</span>﹑<span class="shuming">三破</span>﹑<span class="shuming">十異九迷</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#672" id="656">〔六〕</a>；</span> <span class="font12 zhu">皆道門非<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>之文。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【夷夏】<span class="shuming">夷夏論</span>，道士<span class="zhuanming">顧歡</span>作。【三破】身﹑家﹑國，亦是<span class="zhuanming">顧道士</span>作也。【十異九迷】<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>道士<span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>造，<span class="shuming">異學篇</span>叙。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋</span>則有<span class="shuming">滅惑</span>﹑<span class="shuming">駮夷夏</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#673" id="657">〔七〕</a></span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">甄鑾</span><span class="shuming">笑道論</span>等，並在<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【滅惑】<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#674" id="658">〔八〕</a>造<span class="shuming">滅惑論</span>，破<span class="zhuanming">顧道士</span><span class="shuming">三破論</span>。破如<span class="shuming">外信</span>叙也。【駭夷夏】駭是駮字，僧是<span class="zhuanming">惠通</span>，著<span class="shuming">駮夷夏論</span>。</span> <span><span class="shuming">破邪</span>﹑<span class="shuming">辯正</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#675" id="659">〔九〕</a>，</span> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span>撰。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【破邪】<span class="shuming">破邪論</span>，二卷，<span class="zhuanming">琳法師</span>造，破<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>太史令<span class="zhuanming">傅奕</span>。【辯正】<span class="shuming">辯正論</span>，八卷，<span class="zhuanming">琳法師</span>造，破道士<span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>。</span> <span>紛然陵駕，既悖而往，亦悖而復。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">互相矛楯。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【陵駕】高驤也。【悖】音勃，逆也。又，音佩，亂也。【楯】宜盾。</span> <span>情意忌慕，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">忌者惡之，慕者好之。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【忌】憎惡也。【慕】思也。</span> <span>義不由直。相附如糺纆，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">以曲爲直也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【糺纏】上居黝切，下纆，如索兩股相纏也。</span> <span>相酬如響答。糅以編簡，</span> <span class="font12 zhu">糅，雜也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【響答】如空谷虚堂，傳聲響應。答，應也。【糅】女救切，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00120','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P120</span></i>集也。【編簡】上次也，下禮牒。簡，問也。編云扁于文間也。</span> <span>閟以緄縢<a class="zhuhao" href="#676" id="660">〔一○〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">緄縢，緘也。<span class="shuming">隨函</span>：【閟以緄縢】閟，閉也。緄，古本切，帶也。下徒登切，約也。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">小戎</span>云：交韔二弓，竹用緄縢。韔，弓室也。交二弓於韔中，以竹爲閉，然後以繩約之准義解。韔，音唱。</span> <span>豈關十二分五千文之本歟<a class="zhuhao" href="#677" id="661">〔一一〕</a>？</span> <span class="font12 zhu">聖人之旨，元無是非之文。</span> <span><span class="zhuanming">西域</span>統一世之教以爲三時：謂有教﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="shuming">阿含</span>等是。</span> <span>空教﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="shuming">八部般若</span>等是。</span> <span>不空不有教<a class="zhuhao" href="#678" id="662">〔一二〕</a>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">即<span class="shuming">解深密經</span>是。</span> <span>此方以五時辯例<a class="zhuhao" href="#679" id="663">〔一三〕</a>，一則四諦﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂苦﹑集﹑滅﹑道四事，小乘教也。</span> <span>二則<span class="shuming">般若</span><a class="zhuhao" href="#680" id="664">〔一四〕</a>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="shuming">八部般若</span>空教。</span> <span>三則<span class="shuming">浄名</span>﹑<span class="shuming">思益</span>等﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂<span class="shuming">維摩</span>等論不思議教<a class="zhuhao" href="#681" id="665">〔一五〕</a>。</span> <span>四<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑</span> <span class="font12 zhu">會二歸一中道教<a class="zhuhao" href="#682" id="666">〔一六〕</a>。</span> <span>五<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">圓寂教。</span> <span>或有謂之不然，今存乎古也。</span> <span class="font12 zhu">謂三時教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#651" id="667">〔一〕</a>殷眺：諸侯定期派使臣朝見天子的禮制。「眺」亦作「覜」。<span class="shuming">周禮</span><span class="shuming">秋官</span><span class="shuming">大行人</span>：「時聘以結諸侯之好，殷覜以除邦國之慝。」<span class="zhuanming">鄭玄</span>注：「殷覜，謂一服朝之歲也……一服朝之歲，五服諸侯皆使卿以聘禮來見覜天子，天子以禮見之。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#652" id="668">〔二〕</a>權實：權者權宜，適應一時的教法；實者究竟真實，究竟不變的教法。<span class="zhuanming">梁</span><span class="zhuanming">簡文帝</span><span class="shuming">大法頌序</span>：「二諦現空有之津，二智包權實之底。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#653" id="669">〔三〕</a><span class="shuming">老子</span>：「上士聞道，勤而行之；中士聞道，若存若亡；下士聞道，大笑之。不笑不足以爲道。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#654" id="670">〔四〕</a>阿附：逢迎依附。　亂雅：邪擾亂了正。<span class="shuming">論語</span><span class="shuming">陽貨</span>：「子曰：『惡紫之奪朱也，惡<span class="zhuanming">鄭</span>聲之亂雅樂也，惡利口之覆邦家者。』」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#655" id="671">〔五〕</a><span class="shuming">化胡經</span>：<span class="zhuanming">西晉</span><span class="zhuanming">惠帝</span>時（公元二九○—三○六年），天師道祭酒<span class="zhuanming">王浮</span>每與沙門<span class="zhuanming">帛遠</span>争邪正，遂作<span class="shuming">化胡<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00121','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P121</span></i>經</span>一卷，記述<span class="zhuanming">老子</span>入<span class="zhuanming">天竺</span>變化爲<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>，教<span class="zhuanming">胡</span>人爲佛教之事，「以謗佛法」。後陸續增廣爲十卷，成爲道教徒攻擊佛教的依據之一。<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>發現有<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>寫本殘卷，有的作<span class="shuming">老子西升化胡經</span>（<span class="zhuanming">伯</span>二○○七），有的作<span class="shuming">太上靈寶老子化胡妙經</span>（<span class="zhuanming">斯</span>二○八一），係同書異名。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#656" id="672">〔六〕</a><span class="shuming">夷夏</span>：道士<span class="zhuanming">顧歡</span>撰<span class="shuming">夷夏論</span>。　<span class="shuming">三破</span>：<span class="shuming">三破論</span>，託名<span class="zhuanming">南朝</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">張融</span>作，指斥佛教入國破國，入家破家，入身破身。　<span class="shuming">十異九迷</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">李仲卿</span>著<span class="shuming">十異九迷論</span>。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#657" id="673">〔七〕</a><span class="shuming">滅惑</span>：<span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span><span class="shuming">滅惑論</span>。載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷八。　<span class="shuming">駁夷夏</span>：<span class="zhuanming">慧通</span><span class="shuming">駁顧道士夷夏論</span>，載<span class="shuming">弘明集</span>卷七。　<span class="shuming">笑道論</span>：凡三卷，<span class="zhuanming">北周</span><span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>撰。<span class="zhuanming">北周</span><span class="zhuanming">武帝</span><span class="zhuanming">天和</span>四年（五六九）命司隸大夫<span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>評論佛﹑道二教，翌年二月<span class="zhuanming">甄鸞</span>上奏本書。其序曰：「爲<span class="shuming">笑道論</span>三卷，合三十六條。三卷者，笑其三洞之名；三十六條者，笑其經有三十六部。」各條皆引道書，論其説之淺薄，不足采信。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#658" id="674">〔八〕</a><span class="zhuanming">劉勰</span>：原誤作「劉思協」。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#659" id="675">〔九〕</a><span class="shuming">破邪論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">辯正論</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>初<span class="zhuanming">法琳</span>撰，前者上下两卷，後者八卷，均爲「破邪顯正」的有關護法的佛學論著。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#660" id="676">〔一○〕</a>閟：關閉。緄縢：纏束。<span class="shuming">詩</span><span class="shuming">秦風</span><span class="shuming">小戎</span>：「竹閉緄縢。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#661" id="677">〔一一〕</a>十二分：謂佛教。　五千文：謂道教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#662" id="678">〔一二〕</a>三時：將<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>一生所説經教，根據義理深淺和説法時代，分爲三個時期，稱三時教。第一﹑有教。<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>成道之初，一切凡夫，執著實我，故在四<span class="shuming">阿含經</span>中，爲説五藴法，説明我乃是五藴等法假合，若加分析，則但有法而無我，是爲我空法有論，屬小乘有教。第二﹑空教。二乘行人，初聞有教，雖解我空，尚執法有，佛爲除其法執，爲説<span class="shuming">般若經</span>等，顯示諸法皆空，是爲我法二空論，屬大乘空教。第<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-L00122','1865864',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P122</span></i>三﹑中道教。佛恐行人聞空教後，復起空執，一味執空，如此則無法可修，無佛道可成，落入斷滅空，於是又説<span class="shuming">解深密</span>等經，演唯識三性等教，開示境無識有，圓成實性，非是斷滅，除有﹑空偏執，令入究竟了義，是爲境空心有論，屬大乘中道教。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#663" id="679">〔一三〕</a>五時：在佛教經典評判上，主張<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>説法由淺入深分爲五個階段，稱五時教。具體内容，諸説不完全相同。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#664" id="680">〔一四〕</a>般若：意譯「智慧」。<span class="shuming">大智度論</span>卷四三：「般若者，<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>言智慧。一切諸智慧中，最爲第一，無上無比無等，更無勝者，窮盡到邊。」</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#665" id="681">〔一五〕</a>不思議：不可思議。謂深妙希奇，不可用心思慮，不可用言語議論。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><a class="zhuhao" href="#666" id="682">〔一六〕</a>中道教：佛教稱脱離「兩邊」（兩個極端）﹑非有非無爲中道，認爲是最高真諦。按照佛教三時判教之説，<span class="zhuanming">佛陀</span>在説法的第三時所説之教爲中道教。參「三時」條注。</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
陳垣中國佛教史籍概論卷五
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133832" key="1133832"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録一　歷代主要解題著録 &gt; 陳垣中國佛教史籍概論卷五 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133833" key="1133833"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00820','1865887',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P820</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000040">陳垣中國佛教史籍概論卷五</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">北山録</span>十卷　<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">釋神清</span>撰</span> </p><p> <span>一九二一年景印<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>刻本。<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="shuming">藝文志</span>作<span class="shuming">參元語録</span>，<span class="shuming">宋志</span>作<span class="shuming">北山參元語録</span>，<span class="zhuanming">焦竑</span><span class="shuming">國史經籍志</span>，<span class="shuming">參元語録</span>與<span class="shuming">北山語録</span>重出，<span class="shuming">季滄葦書目</span>作<span class="shuming">宋遼北山録</span>，則因卷首有<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序而誤也。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，<span class="shuming">宋僧傳</span>六有傳，<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>沙門，<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>中卒。傳稱其「好著述，都百餘軸，並行於代。就中<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>，博綜三教，最爲南北鴻儒名僧高士之所披翫。寺居<span class="zhuanming">鄭城</span>之北，<span class="zhuanming">長平山</span>陰，故名<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>；統三教玄旨，實而爲録，故名<span class="shuming">參玄</span>」云。以是知<span class="shuming">唐</span>﹑<span class="shuming">宋志</span>所著録者，即此書也。</span> </p><p> <span>是書爲理論體，頗似<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>諸子。以三字或二字爲題，如<span class="shuming">天地始</span>﹑<span class="shuming">聖人生</span>﹑<span class="shuming">異學</span>﹑<span class="shuming">外信</span>等，凡十六篇。會萃<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">老</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">列</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">荀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">班</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>之言，而折衷以<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>。書甚古<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00821','1865887',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P821</span></i>雅，惟因其中有關涉禪宗世系之説，頗爲禪者所攻擊。<span class="zhuanming">契嵩鐔</span><span class="shuming">津集</span>有<span class="shuming">評北山清公書</span>，即指此。</span> </p><p> <span>此書未經入藏，傳本甚少。<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>初年，發見兩殘本：一存一至三﹑七至十卷，爲<span class="zhuanming">項氏</span><span class="zhuanming">天籟閣</span>舊藏，<span class="zhuanming">西蜀</span><span class="zhuanming">草玄亭</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注，前有<span class="zhuanming">錢唐</span><span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序，後有殿中丞致仕<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>後序，皆<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年撰。一存一至六卷，爲<span class="zhuanming">華亭</span><span class="zhuanming">朱氏</span><span class="zhuanming">文石山房</span>舊藏，附<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，<span class="zhuanming">儀封縣</span><span class="zhuanming">平城村</span>比丘<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>撰。同人乃醵貲合兩本影印行世，其原本後歸<span class="zhuanming">南海</span><span class="zhuanming">潘氏</span><span class="zhuanming">寶禮堂</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注，卷三末有<span class="zhuanming">開寶</span>六年事，卷十有<span class="zhuanming">宋太宗</span>登極時事，則<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>初人。<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>注頗糾<span class="zhuanming">寶</span>注之失，第四篇引<span class="shuming">傳燈録</span>，第七篇引<span class="shuming">僧史略</span>，則又在<span class="zhuanming">贊寧</span><span class="shuming">僧史</span>﹑<span class="shuming">景德傳燈</span>之後矣。書有差誤，注輒爲糾正，而不改原文；注有差誤，<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>亦正之，而原文不動，最爲合法。惟<span class="shuming">隨函</span>卷末有刻主題名一葉，稱「宣授講主心印，<span class="zhuanming">廣福大師</span><span class="zhuanming">全吉祥</span>謹施長財，陸續重刊」云云，字體圓柔，不似本書之方勁，乃知爲<span class="zhuanming">元初</span>重刻<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>本，苟無此葉，則全書均可充<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>本矣。僧稱吉祥，惟<span class="zhuanming">元</span>有之，詳<span class="shuming">十駕齋養新録</span>九。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>爲義學僧徒，博極群書，對禪宗時致不滿，卷六<span class="shuming">譏異説</span>篇尤甚，謂「<span class="shuming">付法藏<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00822','1865887',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P822</span></i>傳</span>止有二十四人，其<span class="zhuanming">師子</span>後<span class="zhuanming">舍那婆斯</span>等四人，並餘家之曲説，又第二十九名<span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>，非<span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>也。」以是頗爲禪者所詬病。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">明教</span><span class="zhuanming">嵩</span>撰<span class="shuming">傳法正宗論</span>四篇，即爲對<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>而發，<span class="shuming">正宗記</span>卷二末，<span class="shuming">評北山清公書</span>云：「<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>高僧<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，不喜禪者，自尊其宗，乃著書而抑之。固哉<span class="zhuanming">清</span>也，徒肆己所愛惡，而不知大謬先聖，雖能編連萬世事，亦何益乎！<span class="shuming">書</span>曰『記問之學，不足爲人師』，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之謂也。」<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span>雖掊擊<span class="zhuanming">清</span>書，然與<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span>並世之<span class="zhuanming">台</span>宗僧徒，亦對<span class="zhuanming">嵩</span>書還擊，勝負未分也。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>攻擊禪者，謂<span class="zhuanming">師子</span>後<span class="zhuanming">舍那婆斯</span>等四人，並餘家曲説，未明指何書，<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>注以爲指<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>，<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>注又謂<span class="zhuanming">舍那婆斯</span>名誤，應云<span class="zhuanming">婆舍斯多</span>。此皆知有<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>，而不知<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>之外，尚有諸書如<span class="shuming">歷代法寶記</span>之屬也。作<span class="zhuanming">舍那婆斯</span>者，乃諸書根據<span class="shuming">達摩多羅禪經</span>及<span class="shuming">出三藏記</span>薩婆多部目録而來，非誤也。<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>以<span class="zhuanming">達摩</span>爲二十八代，今<span class="zhuanming">清</span>書謂<span class="zhuanming">達摩多羅</span>爲二十九代，是<span class="shuming">歷代法寶記</span>之説，非<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>之説也。<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>以甲作乙，<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>又以不誤爲誤，非<span class="zhuanming">敦煌</span>發見<span class="shuming">歷代法寶記</span>，<span class="zhuanming">趙城</span>發見<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>，吾人又何從而正之？則新史料之發見，不可不刻刻留心也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>一九六二年版）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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周叔迦釋迦藝文提要卷七
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133836" key="1133836"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録一　歷代主要解題著録 &gt; 周叔迦釋迦藝文提要卷七 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133837" key="1133837"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00823','1865888',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P823</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000041">周叔迦釋迦藝文提要卷七</p><p> <span>四一二<span class="shuming">北山録注</span>一卷</span> <span class="font12 zhu">影<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>本</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">釋神清</span>撰，<span class="zhuanming">釋慧寶</span>注。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈叟</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">章氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">緜州</span><span class="zhuanming">昌明縣</span>人。<span class="zhuanming">大曆</span>中，年十三受學於<span class="zhuanming">緜州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">辯智法師</span>，年十七即講<span class="shuming">法華</span>，歲滿依<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span><span class="zhuanming">如法師</span>受具戒，習新疏，獨明<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>，兼善<span class="shuming">起信</span>。尋詣上都，入内應奉。暮年歸<span class="zhuanming">梓</span><span class="zhuanming">郪城</span>，以<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>卒。迄<span class="zhuanming">開成</span>中<span class="zhuanming">北山</span><span class="shuming">俱舍</span>之宗不泯，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之餘素也。事蹟見<span class="shuming">宋高僧傳</span>。其著作九部百餘卷，今唯存此録。具名<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>，以其寺居<span class="zhuanming">郪城</span>之北<span class="zhuanming">長平山</span>陰故云。<span class="shuming">北山</span>統三教玄旨，實而爲録，最爲南北鴻儒名僧高士之所披玩。初<span class="shuming">天地始篇</span>，明儒﹑<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>序天地開闢物象始興之事。二<span class="shuming">聖人生篇</span>，記<span class="zhuanming">釋迦牟尼</span>聖王降生之事。三<span class="shuming">法籍興篇</span>，明<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>一代時教經﹑律﹑論興建之由。四<span class="shuming">真俗符篇</span>，明真俗互依，有無相顯。五<span class="shuming">合霸王篇</span>，明帝主相承﹑<span class="zhuanming">西域</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">漢</span>地沙門遷遇﹑時君興廢等事。六<span class="shuming">至化篇</span>，明<span class="zhuanming">大覺</span>以悲智之心，行至極之化。七<span class="shuming">宗師議篇</span>，議經﹑律﹑論﹑禪，各有師承宗祖之道。八<span class="shuming">釋賓問篇</span>，假設賓主之問答，以釋<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之疑滯。九<span class="shuming">喪服問篇</span>，明沙門喪父母與師五服之等。十<span class="shuming">譏異説<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00824','1865888',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P824</span></i>篇</span>，譴責乖正之非。十一<span class="shuming">綜名理篇</span>，明亡言以取意，勿執言而乖諍。十二<span class="shuming">報應驗篇</span>，明善惡之業，報應不爽。十三<span class="shuming">論業理篇</span>，徵索三世行業之理。十四<span class="shuming">住持行篇</span>，明住持三寶之規。十五<span class="shuming">異學篇</span>，明外學之解，助本教之旨歸。十六<span class="shuming">外信篇</span>，明佛教于外宗，有信不信者。其言薈粹<span class="zhuanming">老</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孔</span>﹑經﹑術﹑<span class="zhuanming">莊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">列</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">荀</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">孟</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">管</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">晏</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">楊</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">墨</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">班</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">馬</span>之説，馳騖其間，恢弘辯博，約萬歧而趨一正，洵贍該焉。卷端有<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序，謂受于<span class="zhuanming">南屏</span><span class="zhuanming">梵臻法師</span>，<span class="zhuanming">臻</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">台</span>宗名宿。末有<span class="zhuanming">丘浚</span>後序。注者<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>，事蹟見于其弟子所撰後序，惜其頁殘缺，不知何名，云：<span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">光用</span>，俗稱<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">玄武縣</span>人，精研内外，著述甚富，凡百餘卷。亦博學之雄也。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>二○○六年版<span class="shuming">周叔迦佛學論著全集</span>第五册）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
跋
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133840" key="1133840"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録一　歷代主要解題著録 &gt; 跋 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133841" key="1133841"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00824','1865889',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P824</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000042">北山録跋</p><p> <span>右景<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>印本<span class="shuming">北山録</span>十卷，版匡約高二二·六公分，寬一五·四公分，左右雙欄，版心白口，有雙魚尾，有單魚尾，魚尾下刻書名﹑卷數及葉次。單魚尾之葉，版心下方記刻工，可辨識者僅<span class="zhuanming">徐志</span>一人及姜﹑趙﹑姚﹑葉﹑包數單字。每半葉十二行，行大字廿四字，注文雙行，行約卅字，間有逾此數者，率屬校改擠刻。遇<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>諱玄﹑眩﹑絃﹑敬﹑<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00825','1865889',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P825</span></i>境﹑弘﹑殷﹑匡﹑恒﹑貞﹑禎﹑徵﹑樹等字缺末筆，然不甚謹嚴，<span class="zhuanming">神宗</span>以後諱字則全不避。每卷首行大題「北山録卷第幾」頂格，每篇篇題則低三字，尾題於正文後隔行刻。卷一第二﹑三行下方分題「梓州慧義寺沙門神清撰」﹑「西蜀草玄亭沙門慧寶注」，卷二以下則不重署。全書十六篇篇目，分上下兩列，冠於卷一正文之前，凡此，皆存古式。書首有<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年五月<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>序，卷末有無年月<span class="zhuanming">釋贊󲳴</span>及<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年十二月<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>二後序。其後附<span class="shuming">北山録注解隨函</span>二卷，題<span class="zhuanming">儀封縣</span><span class="zhuanming">平城</span><span class="zhuanming">浮住子</span>比丘<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>撰，亦半葉十二行，小注雙行，行約卅三字，大字一略當小字四。版心白口，雙魚尾，下記刻工<span class="zhuanming">范</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">李</span>二單姓，不避<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>諱。卷末有「宣授講主心印廣福大師全吉祥謹施長財陸續重刊/北山録一部十卷釋音一卷注解隨函二卷科文一卷/鈔文一十二卷/善利端爲祝延/皇帝萬歲/太子千秋/天下太平/風調雨順/五穀豐登/萬民樂業」，分刻十行。</span> </p><p> <span>察此本乃據三種不同之版本配補影印而成。<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>初年此書存世有二殘帙，一帙殘存卷一至三﹑卷七至十，凡七卷二册，爲<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">嘉興</span><span class="zhuanming">項氏</span><span class="zhuanming">天籟閣</span>舊藏，單魚尾，版心記刻工，當爲<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>元年<span class="zhuanming">沈遼</span>﹑<span class="zhuanming">丘濬</span>二序所云<span class="zhuanming">釋惟賢</span>據<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>本刊雕者。卷十末有「<span class="zhuanming">明</span><span class="zhuanming">萬<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00826','1865889',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P826</span></i>曆</span>丙子秋望日重裝，<span class="zhuanming">墨林</span><span class="zhuanming">項元</span>汴持誦」墨書二行，鈐有「檇李」﹑「子京所藏」﹑「墨林秘玩」﹑「項墨林秘笈之印」﹑「天籟閣」﹑「檇李項氏世家寶玩」諸印記。一帙殘存卷一至六，並附<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，爲<span class="zhuanming">華亭</span><span class="zhuanming">朱大韶</span><span class="zhuanming">文石山房</span>舊藏，行款與前帙同，惟版匡略短，版心作雙魚尾異耳。字體亦仿<span class="zhuanming">歐陽率更</span>，避<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>諱止樹字，當亦<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>時期<span class="zhuanming">江浙</span>地區重刊<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>本者。所附<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，與録非同版刻，字體亦異，且不避<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>諱，爲<span class="zhuanming">廣福大師</span><span class="zhuanming">全吉祥</span>捐貲刊雕者。吉祥之名，<span class="zhuanming">錢竹汀</span><span class="shuming">十架齋養心録</span>考謂起於<span class="zhuanming">蒙元</span>（見卷九），則刊板於<span class="zhuanming">元代</span>者，雖同時雕鐫者尚有<span class="shuming">北山録</span>及<span class="shuming">鈔科文</span>等，唯不傳，僅存<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷，遂取附<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>刻<span class="shuming">北山録</span>之後爾。卷中鈐有「華亭朱氏文石山房藏書印」，又有「與身居存亡」﹑「後百宋一廛」二印記，則爲<span class="zhuanming">袁克文</span>氏藏章，是此帙在<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>初年曾經<span class="zhuanming">袁寒雲</span>藏弆者。此書爲自<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>以降所修大藏經俱未收録，<span class="zhuanming">陳援菴</span>氏發現此秘笈，遂於<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>十年取二殘本配補爲全帙，約集同仁醵資照原式影印以廣其傳，其事始末，<span class="zhuanming">陳氏</span>所撰<span class="shuming">中國佛教史籍概論</span>略述及之。此本之四至六三卷及<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷爲<span class="zhuanming">朱氏</span>舊藏，七至十四卷爲<span class="zhuanming">項氏</span>舊藏，因無别本互參，偶有缺文，故悉仍其舊。首三卷則取二本互補而成，故單魚尾雙魚尾之葉互見也。此二殘帙後俱歸<span class="zhuanming">南海</span><span class="zhuanming">潘宗周</span>氏，已著録<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00827','1865889',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P827</span></i>於<span class="shuming">寶禮堂宋本書録</span>。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋神清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈庾</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">章氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">昌明縣</span>人。年十三從<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">辯智法師</span>出家，後主<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>，<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>末卒。平昔好爲著述，撰有<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>﹑<span class="shuming">釋氏年誌</span>﹑<span class="shuming">新律疏决要</span>﹑<span class="shuming">二衆初學儀</span>及<span class="shuming">北山録</span>等共百餘卷，事跡略具<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">釋贊寧</span><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>卷六。今除<span class="shuming">北山録</span>外，餘書俱佚。<span class="shuming">北山録</span>亦名<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>，曰北山者，因其所居在<span class="zhuanming">長平山</span>之陰；曰參玄者，蓋參儒道之説以闡揚佛學者。全書凡十六篇，仿<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">秦</span>諸子，每篇以二或三字標題，曰<span class="shuming">天地始</span>﹑<span class="shuming">聖人生</span>﹑<span class="shuming">法籍興</span>﹑<span class="shuming">真俗符</span>﹑<span class="shuming">合霸王</span>﹑<span class="shuming">至化</span>﹑<span class="shuming">宗師議</span>﹑<span class="shuming">釋賓問</span>﹑<span class="shuming">喪服問</span>﹑<span class="shuming">譏異説</span>﹑<span class="shuming">綜名理</span>﹑<span class="shuming">報應驗</span>﹑<span class="shuming">論業理</span>﹑<span class="shuming">住持行</span>﹑<span class="shuming">異學</span>﹑<span class="shuming">外信</span>。<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>博極群書，會萃六經及<span class="zhuanming">老</span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span><span class="zhuanming">荀</span><span class="zhuanming">孟</span><span class="zhuanming">楊</span><span class="zhuanming">墨</span><span class="zhuanming">班</span><span class="zhuanming">馬</span>之説，馳騁其間，引喻取譬，敷論甚暢。綜其主旨有三：一曰參儒道以闡佛學。<span class="zhuanming">李唐</span>之世，佛教甚盛，每詆毁儒道。而<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>以<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>教實藉儒道爲前驅而得宏揚，故力斥誹儒道之不當。其言曰：「觀乎古今撰製，多先貶<span class="zhuanming">周</span><span class="zhuanming">孔</span>而降<span class="zhuanming">老</span><span class="zhuanming">莊</span>，以爲能文者，此啓户納盜，怒敵惎黨之由也。」又言，「二教之於我，贊而不害也。吾之於二教，統而有歸也」（<span class="shuming">外信</span>）。其弘法因多參儒道之旨。昔人每以爲<span class="zhuanming">李翱</span>以佛入儒，爲儒佛合流之始，未曉<span class="zhuanming">李氏</span>之先有<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，已開儒<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>道合流之先導也。二曰抑禪宗而<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00828','1865889',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P828</span></i>崇義學。其大旨見於<span class="shuming">真俗符</span>﹑<span class="shuming">譏異説</span>等篇，以禪宗爲「沈空者涉於斷」﹑「斷則無善不棄」，故力貶之。三曰駮儒者之非佛，大旨見於<span class="shuming">異學</span>﹑<span class="shuming">外信</span>諸篇。窺其論，似對<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span>而發。按<span class="zhuanming">憲宗</span><span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十四年敕迎<span class="zhuanming">鳳翔</span><span class="zhuanming">法門寺</span>佛骨入禁中，<span class="zhuanming">韓愈</span>上表諫之，故<span class="zhuanming">元</span><span class="zhuanming">釋念常</span>撰<span class="shuming">歷代佛祖通載</span>，次<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>撰<span class="shuming">北山録</span>於<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十五年也。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">慧寶</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">光用</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">王氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">玄武縣</span>人。撰有<span class="shuming">三國簡要志</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">錦鳳囊</span>十卷﹑<span class="shuming">玉谿新藁</span>十卷等，見<span class="zhuanming">贊󲳴</span>後序。所注<span class="shuming">北山録</span>，其卷三<span class="shuming">至化篇</span>引<span class="zhuanming">開寶</span>六年事，卷十<span class="shuming">外信篇</span>引<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>初雕大藏經板及<span class="zhuanming">太宗</span>登極事，當爲<span class="zhuanming">北宋</span>初葉人。惟所注多所未諦，故<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>以糾其失。<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span>生平未詳，觀其注引<span class="zhuanming">贊寧</span><span class="shuming">僧史略</span>及<span class="shuming">景德傳燈録</span>，則<span class="zhuanming">真宗</span>以後人。録有差誤，輒爲糾正，注有差誤，<span class="shuming">隨函</span>正之，有未逮者，則補注之，並頗增音釋，實<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>之功臣也。</span> </p><p> <span>此書雖以弘法爲主，因合參儒道之旨，故不爲<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>子所喜，且抑禪宗，尤爲禪者所詬病。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">釋契嵩</span>曾評其書，謂爲「不求經，不窮理，動謬聖人之意爲其説，雖能編連萬世事，亦何益乎？書曰『記問之學，不足爲人師』，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之謂也歟」（<span class="shuming">鐔津集</span>卷十六）。故其書雖見於<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>史志及<span class="shuming">崇文總目</span>著録，且據序注所述，有<span class="zhuanming">蜀</span>本﹑<span class="zhuanming">熙寧</span>本﹑古<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00829','1865889',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P829</span></i>本﹑<span class="zhuanming">絳</span>本﹑京本﹑<span class="zhuanming">廣福法師</span>刊本等，<span class="zhuanming">宋</span><span class="zhuanming">元</span>間曾屢次刊雕，而自<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>迄<span class="zhuanming">清</span>諸<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>藏悉未收録，殆以此也。自<span class="zhuanming">民國</span>十年景<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>印本流傳後，世人方曉此書。十三年<span class="zhuanming">日本</span>修<span class="shuming">大正藏經</span>，始據景<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>本録入，刊載護法部，而删削<span class="zhuanming">德珪</span><span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷。四十四年<span class="zhuanming">臺灣</span><span class="zhuanming">中華大藏經會</span>重印藏經，復據<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本影印。<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>之修纂，係由<span class="zhuanming">日本</span><span class="zhuanming">高楠順次郎</span>及<span class="zhuanming">渡邊海旭</span>二博士所主持，校勘頗稱矜慎，惟以此原本校之，其中仍不乏譌文誤字，兹列校記於次：</span> </p><p> <span>（中略）</span> </p><p> <span>曩歲余撰<span class="shuming">説郛考</span>，慚聞見狹陋，於<span class="shuming">説郛</span>卷三<span class="shuming">談壘</span>中所録之<span class="shuming">北山録</span>四條，未曉出於<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>所著，亦不知即<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">宋</span>史志<span class="zhuanming">釋</span>家類中所著録之<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>，復未悉此書尚有<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>槧傳世且經印行，及<span class="shuming">大正藏經</span>業已收入，故於<span class="shuming">説郛書目考</span>中謂是書未見著録，亦無傳本。幸承友人<span class="zhuanming">嚴靈峰</span>教授惠函指正，並蒙以此景<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>本善本寄贈，高誼紉感無既。此帙藏之笥筐已有十餘載，今夏思重訂<span class="shuming">説郛考</span>，因檢出取與<span class="shuming">説郛</span>所録及<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本校勘一過，始知<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>本之未足盡據，不僅<span class="shuming">注解隨函</span>二卷爲所删削也。<span class="zhuanming">文史哲出版社</span><span class="zhuanming">彭正雄</span>君慨允影印，願廣其傳，廣結善緣，此正<span class="zhuanming">釋氏</span>之所謂作功德也。因綴數<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00830','1865889',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P830</span></i>語，以誌此書之顛末，且贖余前愆，冀世人識此書之淵源與珍善也。<span class="zhuanming">中華民國</span>六十三年九月<span class="zhuanming">孝感</span><span class="zhuanming">昌瑞卿</span>謹識於<span class="zhuanming">士林雙溪</span>蝸居。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">臺灣文史哲出版社</span>一九七四年影印本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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附録二　釋神清傳記資料
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133844" key="1133844"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録二　釋神清傳記資料 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133845" key="1133845"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00831','1865891',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P831</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000044">宋高僧傳卷六唐梓州慧義寺神清傳</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋神清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈庾</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">章氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">緜州</span><span class="zhuanming">昌明</span>人也。生於<span class="zhuanming">大安山</span>下，昆季相次三人出俗，皆有名望，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>居乎仲。處胎之際，母頓惡葷羶。及爲兒，雖隨戲弄，遇像禮足，逢僧稽顙。年十三，受學於<span class="zhuanming">緜州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">辯智法師</span>。於時勑條嚴峻，出家者限念經千紙，方許落髮。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>即誦<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">維摩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛頂</span>等經，有同再理。時故相<span class="zhuanming">喬琳</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">緜郡</span>太守，驚其幼俊，躬而降禮請削染焉，則<span class="zhuanming">大曆</span>中也。至年十七，聽習粗通，即講<span class="shuming">法華</span>一經。歲滿，<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>依<span class="zhuanming">如律師</span>受具戒。夏習尸羅，依學<span class="shuming">新疏</span>。尋達大宗，乃詣上都。後以優文贍學，入内應奉。暮年鍾其荼蓼，歸<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>，講導著述，略無閑日。以<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>年中終于本寺峰頂，遷神于<span class="zhuanming">白門蘭若</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">郪城</span>北郭外也。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">清</span>平昔好爲著述，喜作編聯，蓋巨富其才，亦鑿深于學。三教俱曉，該玄鑒極。彝倫咸叙，萬人之敵也。受業弟子黑白四方，計一千餘人。前後撰成<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00832','1865891',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P832</span></i>卷，<span class="shuming">釋氏年誌</span>三十卷，<span class="shuming">新律疏要訣</span>十卷（亦謂<span class="shuming">清鈔</span>），<span class="shuming">二衆初學儀</span>一卷，<span class="shuming">有宗七十五法疏</span>一卷（亦名<span class="shuming">法源記</span>，此蓋解小乘所計五位﹑色﹑心﹑心所﹑不相應﹑無爲等法，體性業用，一皆詳括，故云<span class="shuming">法源</span>也），<span class="shuming">識心論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">澄觀論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">俱舍義鈔</span>數卷，<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>十卷，都計百餘軸，並行於代。就中<span class="shuming">語録</span>博該三教，最爲南北鴻儒名僧高士之所披翫焉。寺居<span class="zhuanming">郪城</span>之北<span class="zhuanming">長平山</span>陰，故云「北山」；統三教玄旨，實而爲録，故云「參玄」也。觀<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之述作，少分明二權一實之經旨，大分明小乘律論之深奥焉。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">清</span>貌古且奇，皙白而光瑩。相國<span class="zhuanming">崔龜從</span>時從事<span class="zhuanming">東川</span>，序真讚云：「與<span class="zhuanming">奘三藏</span>道顔同，攝物異，時一體耳。」</span> </p><p> <span>門人數多，其出倫者<span class="zhuanming">義將</span>也，獨明<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>，兼善<span class="shuming">起信</span>，海内學人，望風而至。<span class="zhuanming">開成</span>中<span class="zhuanming">北山</span><span class="shuming">俱舍</span>宗不泯者，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之餘素乎。<span class="zhuanming">東川</span><span class="zhuanming">涌潭</span>僧正<span class="zhuanming">顔公</span>著碑，本寺講律臨壇<span class="zhuanming">光肇</span>，别附<span class="shuming">語録</span>，略記<span class="zhuanming">清</span>言行矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>一九八七年版<span class="zhuanming">范祥雍</span>點校本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
</>
宋高僧傳卷六唐梓州慧義寺神清傳
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133848" key="1133848"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録二　釋神清傳記資料 &gt; 宋高僧傳卷六唐梓州慧義寺神清傳 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133845" key="1133845"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00831','1865891',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P831</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000044">宋高僧傳卷六唐梓州慧義寺神清傳</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">釋神清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈庾</span>，俗姓<span class="zhuanming">章氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">緜州</span><span class="zhuanming">昌明</span>人也。生於<span class="zhuanming">大安山</span>下，昆季相次三人出俗，皆有名望，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>居乎仲。處胎之際，母頓惡葷羶。及爲兒，雖隨戲弄，遇像禮足，逢僧稽顙。年十三，受學於<span class="zhuanming">緜州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">辯智法師</span>。於時勑條嚴峻，出家者限念經千紙，方許落髮。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>即誦<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">維摩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛頂</span>等經，有同再理。時故相<span class="zhuanming">喬琳</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">緜郡</span>太守，驚其幼俊，躬而降禮請削染焉，則<span class="zhuanming">大曆</span>中也。至年十七，聽習粗通，即講<span class="shuming">法華</span>一經。歲滿，<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>依<span class="zhuanming">如律師</span>受具戒。夏習尸羅，依學<span class="shuming">新疏</span>。尋達大宗，乃詣上都。後以優文贍學，入内應奉。暮年鍾其荼蓼，歸<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>，講導著述，略無閑日。以<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>年中終于本寺峰頂，遷神于<span class="zhuanming">白門蘭若</span>，即<span class="zhuanming">郪城</span>北郭外也。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">清</span>平昔好爲著述，喜作編聯，蓋巨富其才，亦鑿深于學。三教俱曉，該玄鑒極。彝倫咸叙，萬人之敵也。受業弟子黑白四方，計一千餘人。前後撰成<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00832','1865891',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P832</span></i>卷，<span class="shuming">釋氏年誌</span>三十卷，<span class="shuming">新律疏要訣</span>十卷（亦謂<span class="shuming">清鈔</span>），<span class="shuming">二衆初學儀</span>一卷，<span class="shuming">有宗七十五法疏</span>一卷（亦名<span class="shuming">法源記</span>，此蓋解小乘所計五位﹑色﹑心﹑心所﹑不相應﹑無爲等法，體性業用，一皆詳括，故云<span class="shuming">法源</span>也），<span class="shuming">識心論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">澄觀論</span>﹑<span class="shuming">俱舍義鈔</span>數卷，<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>十卷，都計百餘軸，並行於代。就中<span class="shuming">語録</span>博該三教，最爲南北鴻儒名僧高士之所披翫焉。寺居<span class="zhuanming">郪城</span>之北<span class="zhuanming">長平山</span>陰，故云「北山」；統三教玄旨，實而爲録，故云「參玄」也。觀<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之述作，少分明二權一實之經旨，大分明小乘律論之深奥焉。</span> </p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">清</span>貌古且奇，皙白而光瑩。相國<span class="zhuanming">崔龜從</span>時從事<span class="zhuanming">東川</span>，序真讚云：「與<span class="zhuanming">奘三藏</span>道顔同，攝物異，時一體耳。」</span> </p><p> <span>門人數多，其出倫者<span class="zhuanming">義將</span>也，獨明<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>，兼善<span class="shuming">起信</span>，海内學人，望風而至。<span class="zhuanming">開成</span>中<span class="zhuanming">北山</span><span class="shuming">俱舍</span>宗不泯者，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之餘素乎。<span class="zhuanming">東川</span><span class="zhuanming">涌潭</span>僧正<span class="zhuanming">顔公</span>著碑，本寺講律臨壇<span class="zhuanming">光肇</span>，别附<span class="shuming">語録</span>，略記<span class="zhuanming">清</span>言行矣。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">中華書局</span>一九八七年版<span class="zhuanming">范祥雍</span>點校本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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元曇噩撰新修科分六學僧傳卷二三
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133851" key="1133851"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録二　釋神清傳記資料 &gt; 元曇噩撰新修科分六學僧傳卷二三 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133852" key="1133852"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00832','1865892',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P832</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000045">元曇噩撰新修科分六學僧傳卷二三</p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈庾</span>，姓<span class="zhuanming">章氏</span>，<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">昌明</span>人。季孟皆出家，有名，<span class="zhuanming">清</span>其仲也。在娠即<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00833','1865892',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P833</span></i>母惡葷膻，兒時遇佛像輒致禮。年十三，依<span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span><span class="zhuanming">辯智法師</span>，誦<span class="shuming">法華</span>﹑<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>﹑<span class="shuming">維摩</span>﹑<span class="shuming">佛頂</span>等經。有司使試所習，時太守<span class="zhuanming">喬琳</span>異之，爲落髮，則<span class="zhuanming">大曆</span>中也。年十七，衆請講<span class="shuming">法華</span>，聽者厭服。歲滿，從<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span><span class="zhuanming">如律師</span>受具。尋詣京邑，以優文贍學入内應奉。晚喪所親，因復歸<span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span>演導。<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>中，卒於寺山絶頂，塔其遺身于<span class="zhuanming">白門蘭若</span>，蓋<span class="zhuanming">郪城</span>北郭外所謂<span class="zhuanming">北山</span>者。前後著述<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十卷，<span class="shuming">釋氏年志</span>三十卷，<span class="shuming">新律疏要談</span>十卷（亦名<span class="shuming">清鈔</span>），<span class="shuming">二宗初學儀</span>一卷，<span class="shuming">有宗七十五法疏</span>一卷（亦名<span class="shuming">法源記</span>，所以解小乘計五位﹑色﹑心﹑心所﹑不相應﹑無爲等法，體性業用，於以詳括，故曰<span class="shuming">法源</span>也），<span class="shuming">識心論</span>，<span class="shuming">澄觀論</span>，<span class="shuming">俱舍義鈔</span>，<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>。弟子<span class="zhuanming">義將</span>嗣。<span class="zhuanming">將</span>尤善<span class="shuming">俱舍</span>﹑<span class="shuming">起信</span>二論。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="shuming">卍續藏</span>本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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佛祖歷代通載卷一五（三十一）北山神清法師
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133855" key="1133855"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録二　釋神清傳記資料 &gt; 佛祖歷代通載卷一五（三十一）北山神清法師 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133856" key="1133856"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00833','1865893',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P833</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000046">佛祖歷代通載卷一五（三十一）北山神清法師</p><p> <span>是年（按：指<span class="zhuanming">元和</span>十五年，公元八二○年），有沙門<span class="zhuanming">北山和尚</span>，諱<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，字<span class="zhuanming">靈叟</span>，而于王朝高談，著述<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十卷，<span class="shuming">釋氏年誌</span>三十卷，<span class="shuming">律疏要訣</span>并<span class="shuming">俱舍訣</span>等共百餘卷，<span class="shuming">語録</span>十卷，内外該括，可爲世範。受業於<span class="zhuanming">綿州</span><span class="zhuanming">開元寺</span>，終于<span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">惠義寺</span>，於戲。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷四九）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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明曹學佺蜀中廣記卷九五著作記第五法華玄箋十卷條
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133859" key="1133859"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録二　釋神清傳記資料 &gt; 明曹學佺蜀中廣記卷九五著作記第五法華玄箋十卷條 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133860" key="1133860"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00834','1865894',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P834</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000047">明曹學佺蜀中廣記卷九五著作記第五法華玄箋十卷條</p><p> <span><span class="shuming">高僧傳</span>：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span><span class="zhuanming">梓州</span><span class="zhuanming">慧義寺</span><span class="zhuanming">神清</span>三教倶曉，該玄鑒極。受業弟子黑白千餘。前後撰得<span class="shuming">法華玄箋</span>十卷，併<span class="shuming">釋氏年志</span>三十卷，<span class="shuming">新律疏要訣</span>十卷，<span class="shuming">初學儀</span>一卷，<span class="shuming">有宗七十五法疏</span>一卷，亦名<span class="shuming">法源記</span>。又<span class="shuming">識心論</span>，<span class="shuming">澄觀論</span>，<span class="shuming">俱舍義鈔</span>數卷，<span class="shuming">北山參玄語録</span>十卷。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（據<span class="zhuanming">文淵閣</span><span class="shuming">四庫全書</span>本）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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中國佛教典籍選刊編輯緣起
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133863" key="1133863"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 中國佛教典籍選刊編輯緣起 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133864" key="1133864"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-B00001','1865851',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000001"><b>中國佛教典籍選刊編輯緣起</b></p><p> <span>佛教是世界三大宗教之一，約自<span class="zhuanming">東漢</span><span class="zhuanming">明帝</span>時開始傳入<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>，但在當時並没有産生多大影響。到<span class="zhuanming">魏晉</span><span class="zhuanming">南北朝</span>時期，佛教和玄學結合起來，有了廣泛而深入的傳播。<span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時期，<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛教走上了獨立發展的道路，形成了衆多的宗派，在社會﹑政治﹑文化等許多方面特别是哲學思想領域産生了深刻的影響。這時佛教已經<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>化，完全具備了<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>自己的特點。而且，隨著<span class="zhuanming">印度</span>佛教的衰落，<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>成了當時世界佛教的中心。<span class="zhuanming">宋</span>以後，隨著理學的興起，佛教被宣布爲異端而逐漸走向衰微。但是，佛教的部分理論同時也被理學所吸收，構成了理學思想體系中的有機組成部分。直到近代，佛教的思想影響還在某些著名思想家的身上時有表現。總之，研究中國歷史和哲學史，特别是<span class="zhuanming">魏</span><span class="zhuanming">晉</span><span class="zhuanming">南北朝</span><span class="zhuanming">隋</span><span class="zhuanming">唐</span>時期的哲學史，佛教是一項重要内容。佛學作爲一種宗教哲學，在人類的理論思維的歷史上留下了豐富的經驗教訓。因此，應當重視佛學的研究。</span> </p><p> <span>佛教典籍有其獨特的術語概念以及細密繁瑣的思辨邏輯，研讀時要克服一些特殊的困難，不少人視爲畏途。解放以後，由於國家出版社基本上没有開展佛教典籍的整理出版工作，因此，對於系統地開展佛學研究來説，急需解决基本資料缺乏的問題。目前對佛學有較深研究的專家﹑學者，不少人年事已高，如果不抓緊組織他們整理和注釋佛教典籍，將來再開展這項工作就會遇到更多困難，也不利於中青年研究工作者的成長。爲此，我們在廣泛徵求各方面意見的基礎上，初步擬訂了<span class="shuming">中國佛教典籍選刊</span>的<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-B00002','1865851',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i>整理出版計劃。其中，有重要的佛教史籍，有<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛教幾個主要宗派（天台宗﹑三論宗﹑唯識宗﹑華嚴宗﹑禪宗）的代表性著作，也有少數與<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛學淵源關係較深的佛教譯籍。所有項目都要選擇較好的版本作爲底本，經過校勘和標點，整理出一個便於研讀的定本。對於其中的佛教哲學著作，還要在此基礎上，充分吸取現有研究成果，寫出深入淺出﹑簡明扼要的注釋來。</span> </p><p> <span>由於整理注釋<span class="zhuanming">中國</span>佛教典籍困難較多，我們又缺乏經驗，因此，懇切希望能够得到各方面的大力支持和協助，使這項工作得以順利完成。</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">中華書局編輯部</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">一九八二年六月</span> </p></div></div></div>
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附録三　宋釋契嵩撰駁神清文
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133867" key="1133867"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録三　宋釋契嵩撰駁神清文 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133868" key="1133868"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00835','1865896',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P835</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000049">評北山清公書</p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">藤州</span><span class="zhuanming">鐔津東山</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">契嵩</span>撰</span> </p><p> <span>評曰：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>高僧<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，不喜禪者，自尊其宗，乃著書而抑之曰：「其傳法賢聖，間以聲聞。如<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>等，雖曰迴心，尚爲小智。豈能傳佛心印乎？」即引<span class="shuming">付法藏傳</span>曰：「昔<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>告<span class="zhuanming">優波鞠多</span>曰：『佛之三昧，<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>不知。<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>三昧，聲聞不知。諸大聲聞三昧，餘聲聞不知。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>三昧，我今不知。我今三昧，汝亦不知。如是三昧，皆隨吾滅。』又有七萬七千<span class="shuming">本生經</span>，一萬阿毗曇，八萬<span class="shuming">清浄毗尼</span>，亦隨我滅。」固哉<span class="zhuanming">清</span>也，徒肆己所愛惡而不知大謬先聖！</span> </p><p> <span>吾始視<span class="zhuanming">清</span>書，見其校論三昧，雖文詞不佳，蓋以其善記經書，不别理義端由而不即非之。及考其禪宗之説，問難凡數番，輒採流俗所尚，及援書傳，復不得其詳。余初謂此非至論，固不足注意。徐思其所謂<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>等豈能傳佛心印，尤爲狂言。恐其熒<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00836','1865896',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P836</span></i>惑世俗，以增後生末學之相訾不已，乃與正之，非好辯也。</span> </p><p> <span>大凡萬事，理爲其本而跡爲末也。通其本者，故多得之。束其末者，故多失之。若傳法者，數十聖賢雖示同聲聞而豈宜以聲聞盡之哉？經曰：「我今所有無上正法等，悉以付囑<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，竟<span class="shuming">大般涅槃</span>。」傳曰：「我今所有大慈大悲四禪三昧無量功德而自莊嚴，而<span class="zhuanming">迦葉比丘</span>亦復如是。」又謂<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">無垢</span>相好，佛又謂<span class="zhuanming">僧伽難提</span>乃過去<span class="zhuanming">娑羅王如來</span>降跡爲祖，如此之類甚衆。豈非聖人欲扶其法，互相尊敬而示爲大小耶？<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>所謂三種阿羅漢者，一曰得決定寂滅聲聞阿羅漢，一曰增修菩薩行阿羅漢，一曰應化佛所化阿羅漢。此阿羅漢以本願善根方便力故，現諸佛土生大衆中，莊嚴諸佛大會，故若<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>傳法數十聖賢者，豈非應化佛所化之阿羅漢者也？然佛所化者，宜其所有四禪三昧無量功德與<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>不異也。不異乎<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>而傳佛心印，孰謂其不然乎？若<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>三昧，而我不知。我今三昧，汝亦不知。」斯恐其有所抑揚耳，未可謂其必然。經曰：「入遠行地，已得無量三昧。」夫入遠行地者，蓋七地菩薩也。七地菩薩尚能得無量三昧，而化佛豈盡不能也？然佛之所傳心印與餘三昧者，宜異日而道哉。夫心印者，蓋<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>人種智之妙本也。餘三昧者，乃妙<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00837','1865896',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P837</span></i>本所發之智慧也。皆以三昧而稱之耳。心印即經之謂三昧王之三昧者也。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>所傳，乃此三昧也。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>以謂餘三昧邪？其所謂「七萬七千<span class="shuming">本生經</span>，一萬阿毗曇，八萬<span class="shuming">清浄毗尼</span>，亦隨我滅」，此余未始見於他書，獨<span class="shuming">付法藏傳</span>云爾。尚或疑之，假令其書不謬，恐非謂其傳法聖賢不能任持而然也，是必以後世群生機緣福力益弱而不勝其教，以故滅之。方正﹑像﹑末法三者之存滅，亦隨世而法污隆焉。曷嘗爲其弘法聖賢而致正末邪？</span> </p><p> <span>嗚呼，學者不求經，不窮理，動謬聖人之意爲其説，雖能編連萬世事，亦何益乎？書曰：「記問之學，不足爲人師。」<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之謂也歟？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">鐔津文集</span>卷一三，據<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷五二。按：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷五一所收<span class="shuming">傳法正宗記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">天竺第十一祖富那夜奢尊者傳</span>後評語與本文相同，僅個别文字有異，兹不贅録）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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目録
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133871" key="1133871"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 目録 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133872" key="1133872"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-C00001','1865852',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p style="text-indent:NaNpx;">目録</p><p style="text-indent:28px;">前言<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">一</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">校注凡例<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">一二</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録序<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">一</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第一<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">三</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">天地始第一<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">三</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">聖人生第二<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">四五</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第二<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">七八</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">法籍興第三<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">七八</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">真俗符第四<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">一二二</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第三<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">一五一</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">合霸王第五<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">一五一</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">至化第六<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">二一七</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第四<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">二六二</span></p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-C00002','1865852',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P2</span></i><p style="text-indent:56px;">宗師議第七<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">二六二</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第五<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">三五六</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">釋賓問第八<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">三五六</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第六<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">四五一</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">喪服問第九<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">四五一</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">譏異説第十<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">四八○</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第七<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">五四○</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">綜名理第十一<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">五四○</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">報應驗第十二<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">五九五</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第八<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">六一五</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">論業理第十三<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">六一五</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">住持行第十四<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">六五三</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第九<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">七○五</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">異學第十五<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">七○五</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録卷第十<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">七五八</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">外信第十六<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">七五八</span></p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-C00003','1865852',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P3</span></i><p style="text-indent:28px;">後序<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八一五</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">北山録後序<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八一七</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">附録一　歷代主要解題著録<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八一九</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">釋氏稽古略卷三<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八一九</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">清莫友芝撰﹑傅增湘訂補﹑傅熹年整理藏園訂補郘亭知見傳本書目卷十二<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八一九</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">陳垣中國佛教史籍概論卷五<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八二○</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">周叔迦釋迦藝文提要卷七<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八二三</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">北山録跋<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八二四</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">附録二　釋神清傳記資料<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三一</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">宋高僧傳卷六唐梓州慧義寺神清傳<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三一</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">元曇噩撰新修科分六學僧傳卷二三<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三二</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">佛祖歷代通載卷一五（三十一）北山神清法師<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三三</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">明曹學佺蜀中廣記卷九五著作記第五法華玄箋十卷條<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三四</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">附録三　宋釋契嵩撰駁神清文<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三五</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">評北山清公書<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三五</span></p><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-C00004','1865852',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P4</span></i><p style="text-indent:56px;">傳法正宗論卷下駁神清文字<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八三七</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">附録四　歷代文獻徵引北山録文舉要<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八四○</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">明陶宗儀纂説郛卷三引文四條<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八四○</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">明方以智藥地炮莊卷二引文一條<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八四一</span></p><p style="text-indent:56px;">佩文韻府卷二十七之三引文一條<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八四一</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;">附録五　校注參考書目<span style="float:right;text-indent:0px;">八四三</span></p></div></div></div>
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評北山清公書
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133874" key="1133874"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録三　宋釋契嵩撰駁神清文 &gt; 評北山清公書 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133868" key="1133868"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00835','1865896',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P835</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000049">評北山清公書</p><p> <span class="font12 zhu"><span class="zhuanming">藤州</span><span class="zhuanming">鐔津東山</span>沙門<span class="zhuanming">契嵩</span>撰</span> </p><p> <span>評曰：<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>高僧<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>，不喜禪者，自尊其宗，乃著書而抑之曰：「其傳法賢聖，間以聲聞。如<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>等，雖曰迴心，尚爲小智。豈能傳佛心印乎？」即引<span class="shuming">付法藏傳</span>曰：「昔<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>告<span class="zhuanming">優波鞠多</span>曰：『佛之三昧，<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>不知。<span class="zhuanming">辟支</span>三昧，聲聞不知。諸大聲聞三昧，餘聲聞不知。<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>三昧，我今不知。我今三昧，汝亦不知。如是三昧，皆隨吾滅。』又有七萬七千<span class="shuming">本生經</span>，一萬阿毗曇，八萬<span class="shuming">清浄毗尼</span>，亦隨我滅。」固哉<span class="zhuanming">清</span>也，徒肆己所愛惡而不知大謬先聖！</span> </p><p> <span>吾始視<span class="zhuanming">清</span>書，見其校論三昧，雖文詞不佳，蓋以其善記經書，不别理義端由而不即非之。及考其禪宗之説，問難凡數番，輒採流俗所尚，及援書傳，復不得其詳。余初謂此非至論，固不足注意。徐思其所謂<span class="zhuanming">迦葉</span>等豈能傳佛心印，尤爲狂言。恐其熒<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00836','1865896',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P836</span></i>惑世俗，以增後生末學之相訾不已，乃與正之，非好辯也。</span> </p><p> <span>大凡萬事，理爲其本而跡爲末也。通其本者，故多得之。束其末者，故多失之。若傳法者，數十聖賢雖示同聲聞而豈宜以聲聞盡之哉？經曰：「我今所有無上正法等，悉以付囑<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>，竟<span class="shuming">大般涅槃</span>。」傳曰：「我今所有大慈大悲四禪三昧無量功德而自莊嚴，而<span class="zhuanming">迦葉比丘</span>亦復如是。」又謂<span class="zhuanming">鞠多</span>爲<span class="zhuanming">無垢</span>相好，佛又謂<span class="zhuanming">僧伽難提</span>乃過去<span class="zhuanming">娑羅王如來</span>降跡爲祖，如此之類甚衆。豈非聖人欲扶其法，互相尊敬而示爲大小耶？<span class="shuming">楞伽</span>所謂三種阿羅漢者，一曰得決定寂滅聲聞阿羅漢，一曰增修菩薩行阿羅漢，一曰應化佛所化阿羅漢。此阿羅漢以本願善根方便力故，現諸佛土生大衆中，莊嚴諸佛大會，故若<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>傳法數十聖賢者，豈非應化佛所化之阿羅漢者也？然佛所化者，宜其所有四禪三昧無量功德與<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>不異也。不異乎<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>而傳佛心印，孰謂其不然乎？若<span class="zhuanming">商那和修</span>曰：「<span class="zhuanming">阿難</span>三昧，而我不知。我今三昧，汝亦不知。」斯恐其有所抑揚耳，未可謂其必然。經曰：「入遠行地，已得無量三昧。」夫入遠行地者，蓋七地菩薩也。七地菩薩尚能得無量三昧，而化佛豈盡不能也？然佛之所傳心印與餘三昧者，宜異日而道哉。夫心印者，蓋<span class="zhuanming">大聖</span>人種智之妙本也。餘三昧者，乃妙<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00837','1865896',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P837</span></i>本所發之智慧也。皆以三昧而稱之耳。心印即經之謂三昧王之三昧者也。<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>所傳，乃此三昧也。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>以謂餘三昧邪？其所謂「七萬七千<span class="shuming">本生經</span>，一萬阿毗曇，八萬<span class="shuming">清浄毗尼</span>，亦隨我滅」，此余未始見於他書，獨<span class="shuming">付法藏傳</span>云爾。尚或疑之，假令其書不謬，恐非謂其傳法聖賢不能任持而然也，是必以後世群生機緣福力益弱而不勝其教，以故滅之。方正﹑像﹑末法三者之存滅，亦隨世而法污隆焉。曷嘗爲其弘法聖賢而致正末邪？</span> </p><p> <span>嗚呼，學者不求經，不窮理，動謬聖人之意爲其説，雖能編連萬世事，亦何益乎？書曰：「記問之學，不足爲人師。」<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之謂也歟？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（載<span class="shuming">鐔津文集</span>卷一三，據<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷五二。按：<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷五一所收<span class="shuming">傳法正宗記</span>卷二<span class="shuming">天竺第十一祖富那夜奢尊者傳</span>後評語與本文相同，僅個别文字有異，兹不贅録）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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前言
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133877" key="1133877"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 前言 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133878" key="1133878"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-001-D00001','1865853',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P1</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000002"><b>前言</b></p><p> <span><span class="zhuanming">唐代</span>時期，佛教思想有了很大的發展，並在發展的過程中，突出地表現了以佛統攝儒﹑道的特點。<span class="zhuanming">釋神清</span>撰<span class="shuming">北山録</span>，就是這樣一部富有時代特點的重要著述。</span> </p></div></div></div>
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傳法正宗論卷下駁神清文字
<div class="wlghyzd_wzb_18"><div id="FCdiv1133881" key="1133881"><p class="fl">当前路径： <a href="./platformBookDetails.jspx?id=1865850">北山録校注</a> &gt; 附録三　宋釋契嵩撰駁神清文 &gt; 傳法正宗論卷下駁神清文字 </p><div class="input fr"><div class="in1"><input autocomplete="off" class="input-text fl" id="hightLight" name="hightLight" onblur="if(!value){value=defaultValue;this.style.color='#999'}" onfocus="if(value==defaultValue){value='';this.style.color='#333'}" type="text" value="在文章内检索"/></div><div class="in2"><input class="input_btn" onclick="showHightLight();" type="submit" value=""/></div></div></div><div id="FCdiv1133882" key="1133882"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--><div><i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00837','1865897',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P837</span></i><p class="font20" id="ZSK00665-001-BT0000050">傳法正宗論卷下駁神清文字</p><p> <span>1﹑昔<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>譏禪者，迺曰：「<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>聞其二弟子被<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人擯之<span class="zhuanming">廬山</span>，乃自來<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>，<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>既不信，以望氣遂之于<span class="zhuanming">魏</span>。」因引<span class="zhuanming">師子尊者</span>死時當此<span class="zhuanming">齊</span>世，而<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>遣二弟子適屬乎<span class="zhuanming">晉</span>，<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00838','1865897',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P838</span></i>遂以其年代相違而折之。夫<span class="zhuanming">師子</span>之死也，乃當<span class="zhuanming">前魏</span>廢帝<span class="zhuanming">齊王</span>之世（以甲曆計之，當在丁卯，<span class="shuming">寶林傳</span>誤云己卯）。<span class="zhuanming">齊王</span>者，亦<span class="zhuanming">魏王</span><span class="zhuanming">曹芳</span>所封之號也。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>輒以爲後之<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>（注<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之書亦曰<span class="zhuanming">南齊</span>）。其所謂被擯於<span class="zhuanming">秦</span>人者，蓋<span class="zhuanming">佛馱跋陀</span>也。<span class="zhuanming">跋陀</span>誠<span class="zhuanming">達磨</span>法門之猶子也。謂聞其被擯，遂自來<span class="zhuanming">梁</span>。夫祖師所來，乃順大因緣以傳佛心印，豈獨以二弟子被擯而至耶？此言非理。<span class="zhuanming">清</span>安可輒取以資其相非？然斯不足裁也。若<span class="zhuanming">清</span>曰：但祖師之門，天下歸仁焉。禪德自高，寧俟傳法然後始爲宗教者歟？<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之言苟簡也。昔<span class="zhuanming">如來</span>將化，謂<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>曰：吾以正法眼付囑於汝，汝宜傳之，勿使斷絶。然則大聖人欲其以正法相承，自我爲萬世之宗，以正衆證，以别異道，非小事也。今曰寧俟傳法以爲宗教，豈吾徒之謂乎？而必執<span class="shuming">付法藏傳</span>以辯二十八祖者，謂後世之曲説；又不能曉<span class="zhuanming">達磨多羅</span>是其法俗合名，以謂非今<span class="zhuanming">菩提達磨</span>者，何其未之思也。夫讀書不能辯其道之真僞，究其事之本末，曷異乎市人鬻書，雖更萬卷，何益其所知？<span class="zhuanming">清</span>自謂能著書發明而學也，如是之不詳，豈謂高識乎？</span> </p><p> <span>2﹑<span class="zhuanming">唐</span>僧<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>譏禪者輒曰：其傳法賢聖，間以聲聞。如<span class="zhuanming">大迦葉</span>，雖即回心，尚爲小智。豈能傳佛心印乎？<span class="zhuanming">清</span>何其不思耶？<span class="shuming">涅槃</span>曰：我今所有無上正法，悉已付<i class="pageTag" onclick="viewPic('ZSK00665-002-L00839','1865897',this);" style="cursor:pointer;"> <span class="song">P839</span></i>囑<span class="zhuanming">摩訶迦葉</span>。如<span class="zhuanming">清</span>之言，則大聖人乃妄付其法耳。此吾記内拒之已詳，不復多云。驗<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>淺謬，不及智者之藩籬遠矣。世稱<span class="zhuanming">神清</span>善學，豈然？學所以求大道，路所以通天下。及其迷學而蔽道，迷路而忘返，夫學與路亦爲患矣。故至人不貴多學，不欲多岐也。而後學之者愚陋，或妄評乎<span class="zhuanming">達磨祖師</span>所謂得吾髓者，何其瀆亂夫智者之説耶？</span> </p><p> <span class="font12 zhu">（以上兩段，均據<span class="shuming">大正藏</span>卷五一）</span> </p></div></div></div>
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