Beaufort Scale |
Beaufort Number |
Name |
Wind Speed |
Description |
|
|
MPH |
KPH |
|
0 |
calm |
< 1 |
< 1 |
calm; smoke rises vertically |
1 |
light air |
1-3 |
1-5 |
direction of wind shown by smoke but not by wind vanes |
2 |
light breeze |
4-7 |
6-11 |
wind felt on face; leaves rustle; wind vane moves |
3 |
gentle breeze |
8-12 |
12-19 |
leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends light flag |
4 |
moderate breeze |
13-18 |
20-29 |
wind raises dust and loose paper; small branches move |
5 |
fresh breeze |
19-24 |
30-39 |
small-leaved trees begin to sway; crested wavelets form on inland waters |
6 |
strong breeze |
25-31 |
40-50 |
large branches move; overhead wires whistle; umbrellas difficult to control |
7 |
moderate gale or near gale |
32-38 |
51-61 |
whole trees sway; walking against wind is difficult |
8 |
fresh gale or gale |
39-46 |
62-74 |
twigs break off trees; moving cars veer |
9 |
strong gale |
47-54 |
75-87 |
slight structural damage occurs; shingles may blow away |
10 |
whole gale or storm |
55-63 |
88-102 |
trees uprooted; considerable structural damage occurs |
11 |
storm or violent storm |
64-72 |
103-117 |
widespread damage occurs |
12 |
hurricane |
73 |
118 |
widespread damage occurs |
Note: The U.S. uses 74 statute mph as the speed criterion for a hurricane. |
Books of the Bible |
|
Hebrew Bible |
Law
|
Genesis |
Exodus |
Leviticus |
Numbers |
Deuteronomy |
Prophets
|
Joshua |
Judges |
1 & 2 Samuel |
1 & 2 Kings |
Isaiah |
Jeremiah |
Ezekiel |
Hosea |
Joel |
Amos |
Obadiah |
Jonah |
Micah |
Nahum |
Habakkuk |
Zephaniah |
Haggai |
Zechariah |
Malachi |
Writings
|
Psalms |
Proverbs |
Job |
Song of Songs |
Ruth |
Lamentations |
Ecclesiastes |
Esther |
Daniel |
Ezra |
Nehemiah |
1 & 2 Chronicles |
Christian Canon - Old Testament |
Roman Catholic |
Protestant |
Genesis |
Genesis |
Exodus |
Exodus |
Leviticus |
Leviticus |
Numbers |
Numbers |
Deuteronomy |
Deuteronomy |
Joshua |
Joshua |
Judges |
Judges |
Ruth |
Ruth |
1 & 2 Samuel |
1 & 2 Samuel |
1 & 2 Kings |
1 & 2 Kings |
1 & 2 Chronicles |
1 & 2 Chronicles |
Ezra |
Ezra |
Nehemiah |
Nehemiah |
Tobit |
— |
Judith |
— |
Esther |
Esther |
Job |
Job |
Psalms |
Psalms |
Proverbs |
Proverbs |
Ecclesiastes |
Ecclesiastes |
Song of Songs |
Song of Solomon |
Wisdom |
— |
Sirach |
— |
Isaiah |
Isaiah |
Jeremiah |
Jeremiah |
Lamentations |
Lamentations |
Baruch |
— |
Ezekiel |
Ezekiel |
Daniel |
Daniel |
Hosea |
Hosea |
Joel |
Joel |
Amos |
Amos |
Obadiah |
Obadiah |
Jonah |
Jonah |
Micah |
Micah |
Nahum |
Nahum |
Habakkuk |
Habakkuk |
Zephaniah |
Zephaniah |
Haggai |
Haggai |
Zechariah |
Zechariah |
Malachi |
Malachi |
1 & 2 Maccabees |
— |
Protestant Apocrypha |
1 & 2 Esdras |
Tobit |
Judith |
Additions to Esther |
Wisdom of Solomon |
Ecclesiasticus or the Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach |
Baruch |
Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Holy Children |
Susanna |
Bel and the Dragon |
The Prayer of Manasses |
1 & 2 Maccabees |
Christian Canon - New Testament |
Matthew |
Mark |
Luke |
John |
Acts of the Apostles |
Romans |
1 & 2 Corinthians |
Galatians |
Ephesians |
Philippians |
Colossians |
1 & 2 Thessalonians |
1 & 2 Timothy |
Titus |
Philemon |
Hebrews |
James |
1 & 2 Peter |
1, 2, 3 John |
Jude |
Revelation or
Apocalypse |
Diacritics |
´ (é) |
acute accent |
` (è) |
grave accent |
^ (ô) |
circumflex |
~ (ñ) |
tilde |
¯ (ō) |
macron |
˘ (ŭ) |
breve |
ˇ (č) |
haček |
¨ (naïve) |
diaeresis |
¨ (glögg) |
umlaut |
¸ (ç) |
cedilla |
Easter Dates |
Note: Dates are for Western Churches |
Year |
Ash Wednesday |
Easter |
2009 |
Feb. 25 |
Apr. 12 |
2010 |
Feb. 17 |
Apr. 4 |
2011 |
Mar. 9 |
Apr. 24 |
2012 |
Feb. 22 |
Apr. 8 |
2013 |
Feb. 13 |
Mar. 31 |
2014 |
Mar. 5 |
Apr. 20 |
2015 |
Feb. 18 |
Apr. 5 |
2016 |
Feb. 10 |
Mar. 27 |
2017 |
Mar. 1 |
Apr. 16 |
2018 |
Feb. 14 |
Apr. 1 |
2019 |
Mar. 6 |
Apr. 21 |
2020 |
Feb. 26 |
Apr. 12 |
2021 |
Feb. 17 |
Apr. 4 |
2022 |
Mar. 2 |
Apr. 17 |
Chemical Elements |
Element |
Symbol |
Atomic Number |
Atomic Weight
1
|
actinium |
Ac |
89 |
227.0277 |
aluminum |
Al |
13 |
26.98154 |
americium |
Am |
95 |
(243) |
antimony |
Sb |
51 |
121.760 |
argon |
Ar |
18 |
39.948 |
arsenic |
As |
33 |
74.92160 |
astatine |
At |
85 |
(210) |
barium |
Ba |
56 |
137.33 |
berkelium |
Bk |
97 |
(247) |
beryllium |
Be |
4 |
9.012182 |
bismuth |
Bi |
83 |
208.98038 |
bohrium |
Bh |
107 |
(264) |
boron |
B |
5 |
10.81 |
bromine |
Br |
35 |
79.904 |
cadmium |
Cd |
48 |
112.41 |
calcium |
Ca |
20 |
40.078 |
californium |
Cf |
98 |
(251) |
carbon |
C |
6 |
12.011 |
cerium |
Ce |
58 |
140.116 |
cesium |
Cs |
55 |
132.90545 |
chlorine |
Cl |
17 |
35.453 |
chromium |
Cr |
24 |
51.996 |
cobalt |
Co |
27 |
58.93320 |
copper |
Cu |
29 |
63.546 |
curium |
Cm |
96 |
(247) |
dubnium |
Db |
105 |
(262) |
dysprosium |
Dy |
66 |
162.50 |
einsteinium |
Es |
99 |
(252) |
erbium |
Er |
68 |
167.259 |
europium |
Eu |
63 |
151.964 |
fermium |
Fm |
100 |
(257) |
fluorine |
F |
9 |
18.998403 |
francium |
Fr |
87 |
(223) |
gadolinium |
Gd |
64 |
157.25 |
gallium |
Ga |
31 |
69.723 |
germanium |
Ge |
32 |
72.64 |
gold |
Au |
79 |
196.96655 |
hafnium |
Hf |
72 |
178.49 |
hassium |
Hs |
108 |
(277) |
helium |
He |
2 |
4.002602 |
holmium |
Ho |
67 |
164.93032 |
hydrogen |
H |
1 |
1.0079 |
indium |
In |
49 |
114.818 |
iodine |
I |
53 |
126.90447 |
iridium |
Ir |
77 |
192.217 |
iron |
Fe |
26 |
55.845 |
krypton |
Kr |
36 |
83.80 |
lanthanum |
La |
57 |
138.9055 |
lawrencium |
Lr |
103 |
(262) |
lead |
Pb |
82 |
207.2 |
lithium |
Li |
3 |
6.941 |
lutetium |
Lu |
71 |
174.967 |
magnesium |
Mg |
12 |
24.305 |
manganese |
Mn |
25 |
54.93805 |
meitnerium |
Mt |
109 |
(268) |
mendelevium |
Md |
101 |
(258) |
mercury |
Hg |
80 |
200.59 |
molybdenum |
Mo |
42 |
95.94 |
neodymium |
Nd |
60 |
144.24 |
neon |
Ne |
10 |
20.180 |
neptunium |
Np |
93 |
(237) |
nickel |
Ni |
28 |
58.6934 |
niobium |
Nb |
41 |
92.90638 |
nitrogen |
N |
7 |
14.0067 |
nobelium |
No |
102 |
(259) |
osmium |
Os |
76 |
190.23 |
oxygen |
O |
8 |
15.9994 |
palladium |
Pd |
46 |
106.42 |
phosphorus |
P |
15 |
30.973761 |
platinum |
Pt |
78 |
195.078 |
plutonium |
Pu |
94 |
(244) |
polonium |
Po |
84 |
(209) |
potassium |
K |
19 |
39.0983 |
praseodymium |
Pr |
59 |
140.90765 |
promethium |
Pm |
61 |
(145) |
protactinium |
Pa |
91 |
(231) |
radium |
Ra |
88 |
(226) |
radon |
Rn |
86 |
(222) |
rhenium |
Re |
75 |
186.207 |
rhodium |
Rh |
45 |
102.90550 |
rubidium |
Rb |
37 |
85.4678 |
ruthenium |
Ru |
44 |
101.07 |
rutherfordium |
Rf |
104 |
(261) |
samarium |
Sm |
62 |
150.36 |
scandium |
Sc |
21 |
44.95591 |
seaborgium |
Sg |
106 |
(266) |
selenium |
Se |
34 |
78.96 |
silicon |
Si |
14 |
28.0855 |
silver |
Ag |
47 |
107.8682 |
sodium |
Na |
11 |
22.989770 |
strontium |
Sr |
38 |
87.62 |
sulfur |
S |
16 |
32.07 |
tantalum |
Ta |
73 |
180.9479 |
technetium |
Tc |
43 |
(98) |
tellurium |
Te |
52 |
127.60 |
terbium |
Tb |
65 |
158.92534 |
thallium |
Tl |
81 |
204.3833 |
thorium |
Th |
90 |
232.0381 |
thulium |
Tm |
69 |
168.93421 |
tin |
Sn |
50 |
118.71 |
titanium |
Ti |
22 |
47.867 |
tungsten |
W |
74 |
183.84 |
uranium |
U |
92 |
(238) |
vanadium |
V |
23 |
50.9415 |
xenon |
Xe |
54 |
131.29 |
ytterbium |
Yb |
70 |
173.04 |
yttrium |
Y |
39 |
88.90585 |
zinc |
Zn |
30 |
65.39 |
zirconium |
Zr |
40 |
91.224 |
1
Atomic Weights are based on the naturally occurring isotope compositions and scaled to 12
C = 12. For elements lacking stable isotopes, the mass number of the most stable nuclide is shown in parentheses.
Geologic Time |
Note: Beginning of Interval times are approximate. |
Eras |
Periods and Systems |
Epochs and Series |
Approximate Beginning of Interval
(millions of years ago) |
Biological Forms |
Phanerozoic Eon
|
Cenozoic Era |
Quaternary |
Holocene |
0.01 |
|
Pleistocene |
1.8 |
Earliest humans |
Tertiary |
Pliocene |
5 |
|
Miocene |
24 |
Earliest hominids |
Oligocene |
34 |
|
Eocene |
55 |
Earliest grasses |
Paleocene |
65 |
Earliest large mammals |
Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (65 million years ago): extinction of dinosaurs |
Mesozoic Era |
Cretaceous |
Upper |
98 |
|
Lower |
144 |
Earliest flowering plants; dinosaurs in ascendancy |
Jurassic |
|
208 |
Earliest birds |
Triassic |
|
248 |
Earliest dinosaurs & mammals |
Paleozoic Era |
Permian |
|
286 |
|
Carboniferous |
Pennsylvanian |
|
320 |
Earliest reptiles |
Mississippian |
|
360 |
Earliest winged insects |
Devonian |
|
410 |
Earliest amphibians & bony fish |
Silurian |
|
438 |
Earliest land plants & insects |
Ordovician |
|
505 |
Earliest corals |
Cambrian |
|
544 |
Earliest fish |
Proterozoic Eon
|
Precambrian Era |
|
|
2500 |
Earliest colonial algae & soft-bodied invertebrates |
Archean Eon
|
Precambrian Era |
|
|
3800 |
Earliest surviving microfossils of primitive single-celled organisms |
Hadean Eon
|
Precambrian Era |
|
|
4600 |
No surviving fossils |
Indo-European Languages - Languages and Major Dialects |
Branch |
Group |
Languages and Major Dialects |
Provenience |
Ancient |
Medieval |
Modern |
Note: Italics denote dead languages. Languages listed in regular type in the ancient or medieval column survive only in some special use, as in literary composition or liturgy. |
Anatolian |
Hittite, Lydian, Lycian, Luwian, Palaic, Hieroglyphic Luwian.
|
|
|
Provenience: ancient Asia Minor. |
Branch: Indo-Iranian |
Nuristani |
|
languages of eastern Afghanistan |
|
Afghanistan |
Indo-Aryan |
Sanskritic |
Sanskrit, Pali |
|
|
India |
Prakrits
|
Prakrits
|
|
|
Shina, Khowar |
Upper Indus valley |
Kashmiri |
Kashmir |
Lahnda |
western Punjab |
Sindhi |
Sind |
Panjabi |
Punjab |
Rajasthani |
Rajasthan |
Gujarati |
Gujarat |
Marathi |
western India |
Konkani |
western India |
Oriya |
Orissa |
Bengali |
Bangladesh, West Bengal |
Assamese |
Assam |
Bhojpuri |
Bihar, Uttar Pradesh |
Hindi |
northern India |
Urdu |
Pakistan, India |
Nepali |
Nepal |
Sinhalese |
Sri Lanka |
Romany |
uncertain |
Iranian |
West |
Old Persian
|
Pahlavi
|
|
Persia |
Persian |
Persian |
Iran |
Kurdish |
Iran, Iraq, Turkey |
Baluchi |
Pakistan |
Tajiki |
Tajikistan |
East |
Avestan |
|
|
ancient Persia |
Sogdian, Khotanese
|
|
central Asia |
Pashto |
Afghanistan, Pakistan |
Ossetic |
Caucasus |
Armenian |
|
Armenian |
Armenian |
Asia Minor, Caucasus |
Greek or Hellenic |
Greek |
Greek |
Greek |
Greece, the eastern Mediterranean |
Branch: Balto-Slavic |
Baltic |
|
|
Old Prussian
|
|
East Prussia |
Lithuanian |
Lithuania |
Latvian |
Latvia |
Slavic |
South |
|
Old Church Slavic |
|
|
Slovene |
Slovenia |
Serbian, Croatian |
Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro |
Macedonian |
Macedonia |
Bulgarian |
Bulgaria |
West |
|
|
Czech, Slovak |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
Polish, Kashubian |
Poland |
Wendish, Polabian
|
Germany |
East |
|
Old Russian
|
Russian |
Russia |
Ukrainian |
Ukraine |
Belarusian |
Belarus |
Albanian |
|
|
Albanian. |
Albania, Serbia, Macedonia. |
Scantily recorded and of uncertain affinities within Indo-European |
Ligurian, Messapian
|
|
|
ancient Italy |
Illyrian, Thracian
|
Balkans |
Phrygian
|
Asia Minor |
Tocharian |
|
Tocharian A, Tocharian B
|
|
central Asia |
Germanic |
East |
|
Gothic
|
|
eastern Europe |
North |
|
Old Norse
|
Icelandic |
Iceland |
Faeroese |
Faeroe Islands |
Norwegian |
Norway |
Swedish |
Sweden |
Danish |
Denmark |
West |
|
Old High German, Middle High German
|
German |
Germany, Switzerland, Austria |
|
Yiddish |
Germany, eastern Europe |
Old Saxon, Middle Low German
|
Low German |
northern Germany |
Middle Dutch
|
Dutch |
Netherlands, Belgium |
|
Afrikaans |
South Africa |
Old Frisian
|
Frisian |
Netherlands, Germany |
Old English, Middle English
|
English |
England |
Italic |
|
Venetic, Oscan, Umbrian, Faliscan
|
|
|
ancient Italy |
Latin |
|
Portuguese |
Portugal |
Spanish |
Spain |
Judeo-Spanish |
Mediterranean lands |
Catalan |
Spain (Catalonia) |
Old Occitan.
|
Occitan |
southern France |
Old French, Middle French
|
French |
France, Belgium, Switzerland |
|
Italian |
Italy, Switzerland |
Rhaeto-Romance |
Switzerland, Italy |
Sardinian |
Sardinia |
Dalmatian
|
Adriatic coast |
Romanian |
Romania, Balkans |
Celtic |
Continental |
Gaulish
|
|
|
Gaul |
Goidelic |
|
Old Irish, Middle Irish
|
Irish |
Ireland |
Scottish Gaelic |
Scotland |
Manx |
Isle of Man |
Group: Brythonic |
|
Old Welsh, Middle Welsh
|
Welsh |
Wales |
Old Cornish
|
Cornish |
Cornwall |
Old Breton
|
Breton |
Brittany |
International Morse Code |
a |
· - |
b |
- · · · |
c |
- · - · |
d |
- · · |
e |
· |
f |
· · - · |
g |
- - · |
h |
· · · · |
i |
· · |
j |
· - - - |
k |
- · - |
l |
· - · · |
m |
- - |
n |
- · |
o |
- - - |
p |
· - - · |
q |
- - · - |
r |
· - · |
s |
· · · |
t |
- |
u |
· · - |
v |
· · · - |
w |
· - - |
x |
- · · - |
y |
- · - - |
z |
- - · · |
á |
· - - · - |
ä |
· - · - |
é |
· · - · · |
ñ |
- - · - - |
ö |
- - - · |
ü |
· · - - |
1 |
· - - - - |
2 |
· · - - - |
3 |
· · · - - |
4 |
· · · · - |
5 |
· · · · · |
6 |
- · · · · |
7 |
- - · · · |
8 |
- - - · · |
9 |
- - - - · |
0 |
- - - - - |
, |
- - · · - - (comma) |
. |
· - · - · - (period) |
? |
· · - - · · (question mark) |
" |
· - · · - · (quotation marks) |
: |
- - - · · · (colon) |
' |
· - - - - · (apostrophe) |
- |
- · · · · - (hyphen) |
/ |
- · · - · (slash) |
( |
- · - - · (left parenthesis) |
) |
- · - - · - (right parenthesis) |
Measures and Weights
1
|
Unit |
Abbreviation or Symbol |
Equivalents in Other Units of Same System |
Metric Equivalent |
Weight
|
Avoirdupois
2
|
ton: short ton |
|
2000 pounds, 20 short hundredweight |
0.907 metric ton |
ton: long ton |
|
2240 pounds, 20 long hundredweight |
1.016 metric tons |
hundredweight: short hundredweight |
cwt |
100 pounds, 0.05 short ton |
45.359 kilograms |
hundredweight: long hundredweight |
cwt |
112 pounds, 0.05 long ton |
50.802 kilograms |
pound |
lb or
lb avdp also
# |
16 ounces, 7000 grains |
0.454 kilogram |
ounce |
oz or
oz avdp |
16 drams, 437.5 grains, 0.0625 pound |
28.350 grams |
dram |
dr or
dr avdp |
27.344 grains, 0.0625 ounce |
1.772 grams |
grain |
gr |
0.037 dram, 0.002286 ounce |
0.0648 gram |
Troy
|
pound |
lb t |
12 ounces, 240 pennyweight, 5760 grains |
0.373 kilogram |
ounce |
oz t |
20 pennyweight, 480 grains, 0.083 pound |
31.103 grams |
pennyweight |
dwt also
pwt |
24 grains, 0.05 ounce |
1.555 grams |
grain |
gr |
0.042 pennyweight, 0.002083 ounce |
0.0648 gram |
Apothecaries
|
pound |
lb ap |
12 ounces, 5760 grains |
0.373 kilogram |
ounce |
oz ap |
8 drams, 480 grains, 0.083 pound |
31.103 grams |
dram |
dr ap |
3 scruples, 60 grains |
3.888 grams |
scruple |
s ap |
20 grains, 0.333 dram |
1.296 grams |
grain |
gr |
0.05 scruple, 0.002083 ounce, 0.0166 dram |
0.0648 gram |
Capacity
|
U.S. liquid measure
|
gallon |
gal |
4 quarts (231 cubic inches) |
3.785 liters |
quart |
qt |
2 pints (57.75 cubic inches) |
0.946 liter |
pint |
pt |
4 gills (28.875 cubic inches) |
473.176 milliliters |
gill |
gi |
4 fluid ounces (7.219 cubic inches) |
118.294 milliliters |
fluid ounce |
fl oz |
8 fluid drams (1.805 cubic inches) |
29.573 milliliters |
fluid dram |
fl dr |
60 minims (0.226 cubic inch) |
3.697 milliliters |
minim |
min |
1/60 fluid dram (0.003760 cubic inch) |
0.061610 milliliter |
U.S. dry measure
|
bushel |
bu |
4 pecks (2150.42 cubic inches) |
35.239 liters |
peck |
pk |
8 quarts (537.605 cubic inches) |
8.810 liters |
quart |
qt |
2 pints (67.201 cubic inches) |
1.101 liters |
pint |
pt |
1/2 quart (33.600 cubic inches) |
0.551 liter |
British imperial liquid and dry measure
|
bushel |
bu |
4 pecks (2219.36 cubic inches) |
36.369 liters |
peck |
pk |
2 gallons (554.84 cubic inches) |
9.092 liters |
gallon |
gal |
4 quarts (277.420 cubic inches) |
4.546 liters |
quart |
qt |
2 pints (69.355 cubic inches) |
1.136 liters |
pint |
pt |
4 gills (34.678 cubic inches) |
568.26 milliliters |
gill |
gi |
5 fluid ounces (8.669 cubic inches) |
142.066 milliliters |
fluid ounce |
fl oz |
8 fluid drams (1.7339 cubic inches) |
28.412 milliliters |
fluid dram |
fl dr |
60 minims (0.216734 cubic inch) |
3.5516 milliliters |
minim |
min |
1/60 fluid dram (0.003612 cubic inch) |
0.059194 milliliter |
Length
|
mile |
mi |
5280 feet, 1760 yards, 320 rods |
1.609 kilometers |
rod |
rd |
5.50 yards, 16.5 feet |
5.029 meters |
yard |
yd |
3 feet, 36 inches |
0.9144 meter |
foot |
ft or
' |
12 inches, 0.333 yard |
30.48 centimeters |
inch |
in or
" |
0.083 foot, 0.028 yard |
2.54 centimeters |
Area
|
square mile |
sq mi or
mi² |
640 acres, 102,400 square rods |
2.590 square kilometers |
acre |
ac |
4840 square yards, 43,560 square feet |
0.405 hectare, 4047 square meters |
square rod |
sq rd or
rd² |
30.25 square yards, 0.00625 acre |
25.293 square meters |
square yard |
sq yd or
yd² |
9 square feet, 1296 square inches |
0.836 square meter |
square foot |
sq ft or
ft² |
144 square inches, 0.111 square yard |
0.093 square meter |
square inch |
sq in or
in² |
0.0069 square foot, 0.00077 square yard |
6.452 square centimeters |
Volume
|
cubic yard |
cu yd or
yd³ |
27 cubic feet, 46,656 cubic inches |
0.765 cubic meter |
cubic foot |
cu ft or
ft³ |
1728 cubic inches, 0.0370 cubic yard |
0.028 cubic meter |
cubic inch |
cu in or
in³ |
0.00058 cubic foot, 0.000021 cubic yard |
16.387 cubic centimeters |
1
For U.S. equivalents of the metric units see Metric System table
.
2
The U.S. uses the avoirdupois units as a common system of measuring weight.
Metric System
1
|
Length |
Unit |
Abbreviation |
Equivalent in Base Unit |
Approximate U.S. Equivalent |
kilometer |
km |
1000 meters |
0.62 mile |
hectometer |
hm |
100 meters |
328.08 feet |
dekameter |
dam |
10 meters |
32.81 feet |
meter |
m |
|
39.37 inches |
decimeter |
dm |
0.1 meter |
3.94 inches |
centimeter |
cm |
0.01 meter |
0.39 inch |
millimeter |
mm |
0.001 meter |
0.039 inch |
micrometer |
µm |
0.000001 meter |
0.000039 inch |
Area |
Unit |
Abbreviation |
Equivalent in Base Unit |
Approximate U.S. Equivalent |
square kilometer |
sq km or km2
|
1,000,000 square meters |
0.39 square miles |
hectare |
ha |
10,000 square meters |
2.47 acres |
are |
a |
100 square meters |
119.60 square yards |
square centimeter |
sq cm or cm2
|
0.0001 square meter |
0.16 square inch |
Volume |
Unit |
Abbreviation |
Equivalent in Base Unit |
Approximate U.S. Equivalent |
cubic meter |
m³ |
|
1.31 cubic yards |
cubic decimeter |
dm³ |
0.001 cubic meter |
61.02 cubic inches |
cubic centimeter |
cu cm or cm³ also
cc |
0.000001 cubic meter |
0.061 cubic inch |
Capacity |
Unit |
Abbreviation |
Equivalent in Base Unit |
Approximate U.S. Equivalents |
|
|
|
cubic |
dry |
liquid |
kiloliter |
kl |
1000 liters |
1.31 cubic yards |
28.38 bushels |
264.17 gallons |
hectoliter |
hl |
100 liters |
3.53 cubic feet |
2.84 bushels |
26.42 gallons |
dekaliter |
dal |
10 liters |
0.35 cubic foot |
1.14 pecks |
2.64 gallons |
liter |
l |
|
61.02 cubic inches |
0.91 quart |
1.06 quarts |
cubic decimeter |
dm³ |
|
61.02 cubic inches |
0.91 quart |
1.06 quarts |
deciliter |
dl |
0.1 liter |
6.10 cubic inches |
0.18 pint |
0.21 pint |
centiliter |
cl |
0.01 liter |
0.61 cubic inch |
0.34 fluid ounce |
|
milliliter |
ml |
0.001 liter |
0.061 cubic inch |
0.27 fluid dram |
|
microliter |
µl |
0.000001 liter |
0.000061 cubic inch |
0.00027 fluid dram |
|
Mass and Weight |
Unit |
Abbreviation |
Equivalent in Base Unit |
Approximate U.S. Equivalent |
metric ton |
t |
1,000,000 grams |
1.10 short tons |
kilogram |
kg |
1000 grams |
2.20 pounds |
hectogram |
hg |
100 grams |
3.53 ounces |
dekagram |
dag |
10 grams |
0.35 ounce |
gram |
g |
0.035 ounce |
decigram |
dg |
0.10 gram |
1.54 grains |
centigram |
cg |
0.01 gram |
0.15 grain |
milligram |
mg |
0.001 gram |
0.015 grain |
microgram |
µg or mcg |
0.000001 gram |
0.000015 grain |
|
1
For metric equivalents of U.S. units, see Measures and Weights table
.
Money |
Name |
Country |
Subdivision |
Symbol |
afghani |
Afghanistan |
100 puls |
Af |
ariary |
Madagascar |
5 iraimbilanja |
|
baht or
tical |
Thailand |
100 satang |
B |
balboa (a monetary unit in name only, replaced by the U.S. dollar) |
Panama |
100 centesimos |
|
birr |
Ethiopia |
100 cents |
Br |
bolivar |
Venezuela |
100 centimos |
B |
boliviano |
Bolivia |
100 centavos |
$b |
cedi |
Ghana |
100 pesewas |
¢ |
colón |
Costa Rica |
100 centimos |
C or
¢ |
córdoba |
Nicaragua |
100 centavos |
C$ |
dalasi |
Gambia |
100 bututs |
|
denar |
Macedonia |
100 deni (now a subdivision in name only) |
|
dinar |
Algeria |
100 centimes |
DA |
dinar |
Bahrain |
1000 fils |
BD |
dinar |
Iraq |
1000 fils |
ID |
dinar |
Jordan |
1000 fils |
JD |
dinar |
Kuwait |
1000 fils |
KD |
dinar |
Libya |
1000 dirhams |
LD |
dinar |
Serbia |
100 paras |
|
dinar |
Tunisia |
1000 millimes |
TD |
dirham |
Morocco |
100 centimes |
DH |
dirham |
United Arab Emirates |
100 fils |
Dh |
dobra |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
100 centimos |
Db |
dollar |
Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines |
100 cents |
EC$ or
$ (dollars issued by the E
astern C
aribbean Central Bank, established to promote economic cooperation among the member nations) |
dollar |
Australia |
100 cents |
$A or
A$ |
dollar |
Bahamas |
100 cents |
$ or
B$ |
dollar |
Barbados |
100 cents |
$ or
Bds$ |
dollar |
Belize |
100 cents |
$ |
dollar |
Bermuda |
100 cents |
$ |
dollar |
Brunei |
100 sen or
cents |
B$ |
dollar |
Canada |
100 cents |
$ |
dollar |
Fiji |
100 cents |
$ or
F$ |
dollar |
Guyana |
100 cents |
$ or
G$ |
dollar |
Hong Kong |
100 cents |
$ or
HK$ |
dollar |
Jamaica |
100 cents |
$ or
J$ |
dollar |
Liberia |
100 cents |
L$ |
dollar |
Namibia |
100 cents |
N$ |
dollar |
New Zealand |
100 cents |
NZ$ |
dollar |
Singapore |
100 cents |
$ or
S$ |
dollar |
Solomon Islands |
100 cents |
SI$ |
dollar or
yuan |
Taiwan |
100 cents |
NT$ |
dollar |
Trinidad and Tobago |
100 cents |
$ or
TT$ |
dollar |
United States (the following nations also use the U.S. dollar as their currency: East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau) |
100 cents |
$ |
dollar |
Zimbabwe |
100 cents |
$ or
Z$ |
dollar |
see RINGGIT
, below |
dong |
Vietnam |
100 xu |
|
dram |
Armenia |
100 luma |
|
escudo |
Cape Verde |
100 centavos |
|
euro |
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (The euro replaced the individual monetary units of participating European Union countries. The following non-European Union countries also use the euro as their currency: Andorra, Kosovo, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, and Vatican City.) |
100 cents |
€ |
forint |
Hungary |
100 filler (now a subdivision in name only) |
Ft |
franc |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon (francs issued by the Bank of the Central African States) |
100 centimes |
CFAF or
FCFA |
franc |
Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo (francs issued by the West African Economic and Monetary Union) |
100 centimes |
CFAF or
FCFA |
franc |
Burundi |
100 centimes |
F or
FBu |
franc |
Comoros |
100 centimes |
|
franc |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
100 centimes |
|
franc |
Djibouti |
100 centimes |
DF |
franc |
Guinea |
100 centimes |
|
franc |
Rwanda |
100 centimes (now a subdivision in name only) |
FR or
RF |
franc |
Switzerland |
100 centimes or
rappen |
|
gourde |
Haiti |
100 centimes |
G |
guarani |
Paraguay |
100 centimos |
₲ |
hryvnia |
Ukraine |
100 kopiykas |
|
kina |
Papua New Guinea |
100 toea |
K |
kip |
Laos |
100 att |
K |
koruna |
Czech Republic |
100 haleru (sing
haler) |
Kčs |
krona |
Iceland |
100 aurar (sing
eyrir) |
KR |
krona |
Sweden |
100 ore |
SKr or
KR |
krone |
Denmark |
100 ore |
DKr |
krone |
Norway |
100 ore |
KR or
NKr |
kuna |
Croatia |
100 lipa |
|
kwacha |
Malawi |
100 tambala |
K |
kwacha |
Zambia |
100 ngwee |
K |
kwanza |
Angola |
100 lwei |
|
kyat |
Myanmar |
100 pyas |
K |
lari |
Republic of Georgia |
100 tetri |
|
lats (pl
lati or
latu) |
Latvia |
100 santimi or
santimu (sing
santims) |
|
lek |
Albania |
100 qindarka (sing
qindar) |
|
lempira |
Honduras |
100 centavos |
L |
leone |
Sierra Leone |
100 cents |
Le |
leu |
Moldova |
100 bani (sing
ban) |
|
leu |
Romania |
100 bani (sing
ban) |
|
lev |
Bulgaria |
100 stotinki (sing
stotinka) |
|
lilangeni (pl
emalangeni) |
Swaziland |
100 cents |
E |
lira or
pound |
Turkey |
100 kurus (sing
kurush) |
|
litas |
Lithuania |
100 centai or
centu (sing
centas) |
|
livre |
see pound, below |
loti (pl
maloti) |
Lesotho |
100 lisente or
licente (sing
sente) |
|
manat |
Azerbaijan |
100 gopiks |
|
manat |
Turkmenistan |
100 tennesi |
|
marka |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
100 fening |
|
metical |
Mozambique |
100 centavos |
|
naira |
Nigeria |
100 kobo |
|
nafka |
Eritrea |
100 cents |
Nfa |
ngultrum |
Bhutan |
100 chetrums |
Nu |
ouguiya |
Mauritania |
5 khoums |
|
pa'anga |
Tonga |
100 seniti or
cents |
T$ |
pataca |
Macao |
100 avos |
|
peso |
Argentina |
100 centavos |
|
peso |
Chile |
100 centavos |
|
peso |
Colombia |
100 centavos |
Col$ |
peso |
Cuba |
100 centavos |
|
peso |
Dominican Republic |
100 centavos |
RD$ |
peso |
Mexico |
100 centavos |
$ |
peso or
piso |
Philippines |
100 sentimos or
centavos |
P |
peso |
Uruguay |
100 centesimos |
$ |
pound |
Egypt |
100 piastres |
£E |
pound or
livre |
Lebanon |
100 piastres |
£L |
pound |
South Sudan |
100 piastres |
|
pound |
Sudan |
100 piastres |
|
pound or
livre |
Syria |
100 piastres |
|
pound |
United Kingdom |
100 pence (sing
penny) |
£ |
pound |
see LIRA
, above |
pula |
Botswana |
100 thebe |
P |
quetzal |
Guatemala |
100 centavos |
Q |
rand |
South Africa |
100 cents |
R |
real |
Brazil |
100 centavos |
R$ |
rial |
Iran |
100 dinars |
IR or
Rl |
rial |
Oman |
1000 baisa |
RO |
rial also
riyal |
Yemen |
100 fils |
YR or
R |
rial |
see RIYAL
, below |
riel |
Cambodia |
100 sen |
|
ringgit or
dollar |
Malaysia |
100 sen |
$ |
riyal |
Qatar |
100 dirhams |
QR |
riyal also
rial |
Saudi Arabia |
100 halalas |
SR |
riyal |
see RIAL
, above |
rubel or
ruble |
Belarus |
100 kapeek (sing
kapeyka) |
|
ruble |
Russia |
100 kopecks |
R |
rufiyaa |
Maldives |
100 laari |
|
rupee |
India |
100 paise |
Re (pl
Rs) |
rupee |
Mauritius |
100 cents |
Re (pl
Rs) |
rupee |
Nepal |
100 paisa |
Re (pl
Rs) |
rupee |
Pakistan |
100 paisa |
Re (pl
Rs) |
rupee |
Seychelles |
100 cents |
Re (pl
Rs) |
rupee |
Sri Lanka |
100 cents |
Re (pl
Rs) |
rupiah |
Indonesia |
100 sen |
Rp |
shekel or
sheqel |
Israel |
100 agorot (sing
agora) |
NIS |
shilling |
Kenya |
100 cents |
S or
KSh |
shilling |
Somalia |
100 cents |
|
shilling |
Tanzania |
100 cents |
TSh |
shilling |
Uganda |
100 cents |
USh |
sol |
Peru |
100 centimos |
S/ |
som |
Kyrgystan |
100 tyiyn |
|
som |
Uzbekistan |
100 tiyin |
|
somoni |
Tajikistan |
100 dirams |
|
taka |
Bangladesh |
100 poiska or
poisha |
Tk |
tala |
Samoa |
100 sene |
$ |
tenge |
Kazakhstan |
100 tiyin |
|
tical |
see BAHT
, above |
tugrik |
Mongolia |
100 mongo |
Tug |
vatu |
Vanuatu |
|
VT or
Vt |
won |
North Korea |
100 chon |
|
won |
South Korea |
100 chon |
|
yen |
Japan |
100 sen (now a subdivision in name only) |
¥ |
yuan |
China (mainland) |
100 fen |
Y |
yuan |
see DOLLAR
, above |
zloty |
Poland |
100 groszy (sing
grosz) |
Zl |
Months of the Principal Calendars |
Gregorian
|
The equinoxes occur about March 21 and September 23, the solstices about June 22 and December 22. |
January (begins about 10 days after the winter solstice) |
31 days |
February |
28 days |
February in leap years |
29 days |
March |
31 days |
April |
30 days |
May |
31 days |
June |
30 days |
July |
31 days |
August |
31 days |
September |
30 days |
October |
31 days |
November |
30 days |
December |
31 days |
Jewish
|
Tishri |
30 days |
In year 5764, Tishri begins Sept. 27, 2003. |
Heshvan |
29 or 30 days |
Kislev |
29 or 30 days |
Tebet |
29 days |
Shebat |
30 days |
Adar |
29 days |
In leap years, an additional 30-day month called Adar Rishon ("first Adar") precedes the month of Adar Sheni ("second Adar"), which replaces the normal Adar. Adar Sheni, which is also called Veadar, retains the holidays and scriptural readings of a normal Adar. |
Nisan |
30 days |
The first month of the ecclesiastical year; anciently called Abib. |
Iyar |
29 days |
Sivan |
30 days |
Tammuz |
29 days |
Ab |
30 days |
Elul |
29 days |
Islamic
|
Muharram |
30 days |
In A.H. 1424, Muharram begins Mar. 4, 2003. Muharram retrogresses through the seasons; the Islamic year is lunar and each month begins at the approximate new moon; the year 1 A.H. began on Friday, July 16, A.D. 622. |
Safar |
29 days |
Rabi al-Awwal |
30 days |
Rabi al-Thani |
29 days |
Jumada al-Awwal |
30 days |
Jumada al-Thani |
29 days |
Rajab |
30 days |
Sha`ban |
29 days |
Ramadan |
30 days |
Shawwal |
29 days |
Dhu'l-Qa`dah |
30 days |
Dhu'l-Hijja |
29 days |
Dhu'l-Hijja in leap years |
30 days |
Table of Numbers
Cardinal Numbers
1
|
Name
2
|
Symbol |
|
Arabic |
Roman
3
|
zero or
naught or
cipher |
0 |
|
one |
1 |
I |
two |
2 |
II |
three |
3 |
III |
four |
4 |
IV |
five |
5 |
V |
six |
6 |
VI |
seven |
7 |
VII |
eight |
8 |
VIII |
nine |
9 |
IX |
ten |
10 |
X |
eleven |
11 |
XI |
twelve |
12 |
XII |
thirteen |
13 |
XIII |
fourteen |
14 |
XIV |
fifteen |
15 |
XV |
sixteen |
16 |
XVI |
seventeen |
17 |
XVII |
eighteen |
18 |
XVIII |
nineteen |
19 |
XIX |
twenty |
20 |
XX |
twenty-one |
21 |
XXI |
twenty-two |
22 |
XXII |
twenty-three |
23 |
XXIII |
twenty-four |
24 |
XXIV |
twenty-five |
25 |
XXV |
twenty-six |
26 |
XXVI |
twenty-seven |
27 |
XXVII |
twenty-eight |
28 |
XXVIII |
twenty-nine |
29 |
XXIX |
thirty |
30 |
XXX |
thirty-one |
31 |
XXXI |
thirty-two etc.
|
32 |
XXXII |
forty |
40 |
XL |
forty-one etc
. |
41 |
XLI |
fifty |
50 |
L |
sixty |
60 |
LX |
seventy |
70 |
LXX |
eighty |
80 |
LXXX |
ninety |
90 |
XC |
one hundred |
100 |
C |
one hundred and one or
one hundred one |
101 |
CI |
one hundred and two etc.
|
102 |
CII |
two hundred |
200 |
CC |
three hundred |
300 |
CCC |
four hundred |
400 |
CD |
five hundred |
500 |
D |
six hundred |
600 |
DC |
seven hundred |
700 |
DCC |
eight hundred |
800 |
DCCC |
nine hundred |
900 |
CM |
one thousand or
ten hundred etc
|
1,000 |
M |
two thousand etc
|
2,000 |
MM |
five thousand |
5,000 |
|
ten thousand |
10,000 |
|
one hundred thousand |
100,000 |
|
one million |
1,000,000 |
|
1
The cardinal numbers are used in simple counting or in answer to "how many?" The words for these numbers may be used as nouns (he counted to twelve
), as pronouns (twelve
were found), or as adjectives (twelve
girls).
2
In formal contexts the numbers one to one hundred and in less formal contexts the numbers one to nine are commonly written out in words, while larger numbers are given in numerals. In nearly all contexts a number occurring at the beginning of a sentence is usually written out. Except in very formal contexts numerals are invariably used for dates. Arabic numbers from 1,000 to 9,999 are often written without commas or spaces (1000, 9999). Year numbers are always written without commas (1783).
3
The Roman numerals are written either in capitals or in lowercase letters.
Ordinal Numbers
4
|
Name
5
|
Symbol
6
|
first |
1st |
second |
2d or
2nd |
third |
3d or
3rd |
fourth |
4th |
fifth |
5th |
sixth |
6th |
seventh |
7th |
eighth |
8th |
ninth |
9th |
tenth |
10th |
eleventh |
11th |
twelfth |
12th |
thirteenth |
13th |
fourteenth |
14th |
fifteenth |
15th |
sixteenth |
16th |
seventeenth |
17th |
eighteenth |
18th |
nineteenth |
19th |
twentieth |
20th |
twenty-first |
21st |
twenty-second |
22d or
22nd |
twenty-third |
23d or
23rd |
twenty-fourth |
24th |
twenty-fifth |
25th |
twenty-sixth |
26th |
twenty-seventh |
27th |
twenty-eighth |
28th |
twenty-ninth |
29th |
thirtieth |
30th |
thirty-first |
31st |
thirty-second etc
. |
32d or 32nd |
fortieth |
40th |
forty-first |
41st |
forty-second etc
. |
42d or 42nd |
fiftieth |
50th |
sixtieth |
60th |
seventieth |
70th |
eightieth |
80th |
ninetieth |
90th |
hundredth or
one hundredth |
100th |
hundred and first or
one hundred and first |
101st |
hundred and second etc
. |
102d or 102nd |
two hundredth |
200th |
three hundredth |
300th |
four hundredth |
400th |
five hundredth |
500th |
six hundredth |
600th |
seven hundredth |
700th |
eight hundredth |
800th |
nine hundredth |
900th |
thousandth or
one thousandth |
1,000th |
two thousandth etc
|
2,000th |
ten thousandth |
10,000th |
hundred thousandth or
one hundred thousandth |
100,000th |
millionth or
one millionth |
1,000,000th |
4
The ordinal numbers are used to show the order of succession in which such items as names, objects, and periods of time are considered (the twelfth
month; the fourth
row of seats; the 18th
century).
5
Each of the terms for the ordinal numbers excepting first
and second
is used in designating one of a number of parts into which a whole may be divided (a fourth
; a sixth
; a tenth
) and as the denominator in fractions designating the number of such parts constituting a certain portion of a whole (one fourth; three fifths
). When used as nouns the fractions are usually written as two words, although they are regularly hyphenated as adjectives (a two-thirds
majority). When fractions are written in numerals, the cardinal symbols are used (1/4, 3/5, 5/6).
6
The Arabic symbols for the cardinal numbers may be read as ordinals in certain contexts (January 1 = January first; 2 Samuel = Second Samuel). The Roman numerals are sometimes read as ordinals (Henry IV = Henry the Fourth); sometimes they are written with the ordinal suffixes (XIXth Dynasty).
Denominations above One Million |
American system
1
|
Name |
Value In Powers Of Ten |
Number Of Zeros
2
|
Number Of Groups Of Three 0's After 1,000 |
billion |
109
|
9 |
2 |
trillion |
1012
|
12 |
3 |
quadrillion |
1015
|
15 |
4 |
quintillion |
1018
|
18 |
5 |
sextillion |
1021
|
21 |
6 |
septillion |
1024
|
24 |
7 |
octillion |
1027
|
27 |
8 |
nonillion |
1030
|
30 |
9 |
decillion |
1033
|
33 |
10 |
undecillion |
1036
|
36 |
11 |
duodecillion |
1039
|
39 |
12 |
tredecillion |
1042
|
42 |
13 |
quattuordecillion |
1045
|
45 |
14 |
quindecillion |
1048
|
48 |
15 |
sexdecillion |
1051
|
51 |
16 |
septendecillion |
1054
|
54 |
17 |
octodecillion |
1057
|
57 |
18 |
novemdecillion |
1060
|
60 |
19 |
vigintillion |
1063
|
63 |
20 |
centillion |
10303
|
303 |
100 |
British system
1
|
Name |
Value In Powers Of Ten |
Number Of Zeros
2
|
Powers Of 1,000,000 |
milliard |
109
|
9 |
— |
billion |
1012
|
12 |
2 |
trillion |
1018
|
18 |
3 |
quadrillion |
1024
|
24 |
4 |
quintillion |
1030
|
30 |
5 |
sextillion |
1036
|
36 |
6 |
septillion |
1042
|
42 |
7 |
octillion |
1048
|
48 |
8 |
nonillion |
1054
|
54 |
9 |
decillion |
1060
|
60 |
10 |
undecillion |
1066
|
66 |
11 |
duodecillion |
1072
|
72 |
12 |
tredecillion |
1078
|
78 |
13 |
quattuordecillion |
1084
|
84 |
14 |
quindecillion |
1090
|
90 |
15 |
sexdecillion |
1096
|
96 |
16 |
septendecillion |
10102
|
102 |
17 |
octodecillion |
10108
|
108 |
18 |
novemdecillion |
10114
|
114 |
19 |
vigintillion |
10120
|
120 |
20 |
centillion |
10600
|
600 |
100 |
1
The American system of numeration for denominations above one million was modeled on the French system but more recently the French system has been changed to correspond to the German and British systems. In the American system each of the denominations above 1,000 millions (the American billion
) is 1,000 times the preceding one (one trillion = 1,000 billions; one quadrillion = 1,000 trillions). In the British system the first denomination above 1,000 millions (the British milliard
) is 1,000 times the preceding one, but each of the denominations above 1,000 milliards (the British billion
) is 1,000,000 times the preceding one (one trillion = 1,000,000 billions; one quadrillion = 1,000,000 trillions). In recent years, however, British usage reflects widespread and increasing use of the values of the American system in place of those of the British system.
2
For convenience in reading large numerals, the thousands, millions, and larger denominations are usually separated by commas (21,530; 1,155,465) or especially in technical contexts by spaces (1 155 465). Serial numbers (as social security numbers) are often written with hyphens (042-24-4705).
Planets |
Name |
Symbol |
Mean Distance from the Sun |
Sidereal Period of Revolution |
Sidereal Period of Rotation |
Equatorial Diameter |
Mass |
|
|
astronomical units
|
million miles
|
million kilometers
|
days or years
|
hours or days
|
miles
|
kilometers
|
relative to earth
|
Mercury |
|
0.39 |
35.99 |
57.91 |
87.97 d. |
58.65 d. |
3,033 |
4,879 |
0.06 |
Venus |
|
0.72 |
67.25 |
108.21 |
224.70 d. |
243.02 d. |
7,522 |
12,104 |
0.82 |
Earth |
|
1.000 |
92.98 |
149.60 |
365.26 d. |
23.93 h. |
7,928 |
12,756 |
1.00 |
Mars |
|
1.52 |
141.67 |
227.94 |
686.99 d. |
24.62 h. |
4,222 |
6,794 |
0.11 |
Jupiter |
|
5.20 |
483.78 |
778.41 |
11.86 y. |
9.92 h. |
88,865 |
142,984 |
317.82 |
Saturn |
|
9.54 |
886.72 |
1,426.73 |
29.47 y. |
10.66 h. |
74,914 |
120,536 |
95.16 |
Uranus |
|
19.19 |
1,784.32 |
2,870.97 |
84.02 y. |
17.24 h. |
31,770 |
51,118 |
14.54 |
Neptune |
|
30.07 |
2,795.68 |
4,498.25 |
164.79 y. |
16.11 h. |
30,782 |
49,528 |
17.15 |
Punctuation Marks |
. |
period (or chiefly Brit
full stop) |
, |
comma |
; |
semicolon |
: |
colon |
' |
apostrophe |
|
quotation marks, single (or chiefly Brit
inverted commas) |
|
quotation marks, double (or chiefly Brit
inverted commas) |
« » |
guillemets |
? |
question mark (or interrogation point) |
¿ ? |
question marks, Spanish |
! |
exclamation point |
¡ ! |
exclamation points, Spanish |
‽ |
interrobang |
@ |
at sign |
/ |
slash (or diagonal or slant or solidus or virgule) |
\ |
backslash |
... |
ellipsis |
- |
hyphen |
|
double hyphen |
– |
dash (or en dash) |
— |
dash (or em dash) |
|
swung dash |
( ) |
parentheses |
[ ] |
brackets, square (or brackets) |
< > |
brackets, angle |
{ } |
braces (or curly brackets) |
Radio Frequencies |
Class |
Abbreviation |
Range |
extremely low frequency |
ELF |
below 3 kilohertz |
very low frequency |
VLF |
3 to 30 kilohertz |
low frequency |
LF |
30 to 300 kilohertz |
medium frequency |
MF |
300 to 3000 kilohertz |
high frequency |
HF |
3 to 30 megahertz |
very high frequency |
VHF |
30 to 300 megahertz |
ultrahigh frequency |
UHF |
300 to 3000 megahertz |
superhigh frequency |
SHF |
3 to 30 gigahertz |
extremely high frequency |
EHF |
30 to 300 gigahertz |
Ship's Bells |
Number of Bells |
Hour (A.M. or P.M.) |
1 |
12:30 |
4:30 |
8:30 |
2 |
1:00 |
5:00 |
9:00 |
3 |
1:30 |
5:30 |
9:30 |
4 |
2:00 |
6:00 |
10:00 |
5 |
2:30 |
6:30 |
10:30 |
6 |
3:00 |
7:00 |
11:00 |
7 |
3:30 |
7:30 |
11:30 |
8 |
4:00 |
8:00 |
12:00 |
Signs of the Zodiac |
Number |
Name |
Symbol |
Sun Enters
1
|
1 |
Aries the Ram |
|
March 21 |
2 |
Taurus the Bull |
|
April 20 |
3 |
Gemini the Twins |
|
May 21 |
4 |
Cancer the Crab |
|
June 22 |
5 |
Leo the Lion |
|
July 23 |
6 |
Virgo the Virgin |
|
August 23 |
7 |
Libra the Balance |
|
September 23 |
8 |
Scorpio the Scorpion |
|
October 24 |
9 |
Sagittarius the Archer |
|
November 22 |
10 |
Capricorn the Goat |
|
December 22 |
11 |
Aquarius the Water Bearer |
|
January 20 |
12 |
Pisces the Fishes |
|
February 19 |
1
Though no longer astronomically accurate, these traditional dates continue to be used in astrology.
Truth Table |
Note: T = true; F = false. |
a proposition
|
not p
(negation)
|
a proposition
|
a proposition
|
p
and q
(conjunction)
|
p
or q
, inclusive (inclusive disjunction)
|
p
or q
, exclusive (exclusive disjunction)
|
if p
then q
(implication)
|
p
if and only if q
(biconditional)
|
p
|
~p
|
p
|
q
|
p
& q
|
p
or q
|
p
or q
|
p
q
|
p
q
|
T |
F |
T |
T |
T |
T |
F |
T |
T |
F |
T |
T |
F |
F |
T |
T |
F |
F |
|
|
F |
T |
F |
T |
T |
T |
F |
|
|
F |
F |
F |
F |
F |
T |
T |
Volume Formulas |
cube |
Formula: V = a3
|
Meaning of Letters: a = length of one edge. |
rectangular solid |
Formula: V = lwh |
Meaning of Letters: l = length of base; w = width of base; h = height. |
pyramid |
Formula: V = Ah/3 |
Meaning of Letters: A = area of base; h = height. |
cylinder |
Formula: V =
r2
h |
Meaning of Letters:
= 3.1416; r = radius of the base; h = height. |
cone |
Formula: V =
r2
h/3 |
Meaning of Letters:
= 3.1416; r = radius of the base; h = height. |
sphere |
Formula: V = 4
r3
/3 |
Meaning of Letters:
= 3.1416; r = radius. |