0251
4.72
0252
4.73
4.74 necessary time
4.75 previously mentioned time
4.76
0253
4.77 still for existing situations
4.78 still for expected situations
4.79 yet for expected situations
4.80
0254
4.81
4.82 likely change
4.83 a past situation that has stopped existing
4.84 already for emphasizing occurrence
0255
4.85
4.86 clock times
0256
4.87 times of the day
4.88 naming days
0257
4.89 months, seasons, and dates
4.90 years, decades, and centuries
0258
4.91 at for specific times
4.92 at for relating events
0259
4.93
4.94 in for periods of time
0260
4.95 in for specific time
4.96 on for short periods of time
0261
4.97 on for longer periods of time
4.98 on for subsequent events
4.99 ordering of time adverbials
4.100 approximate times
0262
4.101 BE CAREFUL
4.102
4.103 during for periods of time
4.104
0263
4.105 BE CAREFUL
4.106 over for events
4.107 relating events and times
0264
4.108 order of events
4.109 events that happen at the same time
4.110 linking adverbs
0265
4.111 by for specific time
4.112
0266
4.113
4.114
0267
4.115 USAGE NOTE
0268
4.116 estimating frequency
4.117 regular intervals
4.118 USAGE NOTE
0269
4.119 particular occurrences of an event
0270
4.120 -ly time adverbs
4.121 prepositional phrases
0271
4.122 development and regular occurrence
4.123
0272
4.124 prepositional phrases
4.125 for for length of time
0273
4.126
4.127
4.128 for for emphasis
4.129 USAGE NOTE
4.130 in and within for end of a period
0274
4.131
4.132 for and in with general or specific time
4.133 noun phrases that express duration
4.134 approximate duration
0275
4.135
0276
4.136
4.137 start time
0277
4.138
4.139
4.140 end time
0278
4.141
4.142 start and end times
0279
4.143
4.144
0280
5.1
5.2
5.3 word order
0281
5.4 statements, questions, and orders
5.5
5.6 giving information
0282
5.7 expressing opinions
5.8 making promises
5.9 emphasis
5.10
5.11 types of question
0283
5.12 position of auxiliary verbs
5.13
5.14 be and have as main verbs
0284
5.15
5.16 forming question tags
0285
5.17 checking statements
5.18 replying to tags
5.19 other uses of question tags
0286
5.20
5.21
5.22 wh-words
0287
5.23 wh-word as subject
5.24 wh-word as object or adverb
5.25 questions without a verb
0288
5.26 who and whom
5.27 whose
5.28 which
0289
5.29 when and where
5.30 why
5.31 how
0290
5.32 how with other words
5.33 what
0291
5.34 whatever, wherever, and whoever
5.35 orders and instructions
0292
5.36 advice and warnings
5.37 appeals
0293
5.38 explanations
5.39 let
0294
5.40 confirming
5.41 instructing
5.42 offers and invitations
0295
5.43 requests, orders, and instructions
5.44 questions that do not expect an answer
5.45 questions without a verb
0296
5.46 suggestions
5.47
5.48
5.49
0297
5.50 BE CAREFUL
5.51
5.52 not
5.53 position in verb phrases
5.54 adding do
5.55 not with be
5.56 not with have and have got
0298
5.57 position with -ing forms and to-infinitives
5.58 with an inflected form and an -ing form or to-infinitive
0299
5.59 contractions of not
5.60 USAGE NOTE
5.61 other uses of not
0300
5.62
5.63 not used for contrast
5.64 never
0301
5.65 with simple forms of be
5.66 with simple forms of other verbs
5.67 emphasis
0302
5.68 never in imperatives
5.69 no
5.70
5.71 none
5.72 none of
5.73 words beginning with no-
0303
5.74 followed by but
5.75 neither and nor
5.76 neither in replies
5.77
0304
5.78 neither with singular nouns
5.79 neither of
5.80
5.81 position in clause
5.82
0305
5.83 with simple form of be
5.84 with other verbs
5.85 as first word in the clause
5.86 USAGE NOTE
0306
5.87 almost
5.88 at all
5.89 whatsoever
0307
5.90 ever
5.91 other expressions
0308
5.92
5.93
5.94
5.95 attitude to information
0309
5.96 attitude to intentions
5.97 attitude to people
5.98 use in sentences containing more than one clause
5.99 form of following verb
0310
5.100
5.101 no inflections
5.102 negatives
0311
5.103 questions
5.104 question tags
5.105 contractions
5.106 USAGE NOTE
0312
5.107
5.108 the future: shall and will
0313
5.109
5.110 ability in the past: could
5.111 reported speech
5.112 things that happened regularly in the past: would
5.113 thinking about the future: would
5.114 refusing to do something: would not
0314
5.115
5.116 skills and abilities: can and could
5.117 awareness: can and could
5.118 general truths: can and could
0315
5.119 BE CAREFUL
5.120
5.121 assuming that something is the case: will and would
5.122 certainty: would and should
0316
5.123 belief: must and cannot
5.124 present possibility: could, might, and may
5.125 negative possibility: might not and may not
0317
5.126 impossibility: could not and cannot
5.127 strong assertion: could not with comparatives
5.128 talking about the future
5.129 certainty: will
5.130 certainty: shall, must, and cannot
0318
5.131 expectation: should and ought to
5.132 future possibility: could, might, and may
5.133 talking about the past
5.134 expectation: should have, ought to have
0319
5.135 possibility: would have
5.136 possibility: could have, might have
5.137 uncertainty: could have, might have, may have
5.138 negative possibility: might not have, may not have
5.139 impossibility: could have with negative
0320
5.140 permission: can
5.141 formal permission: may
5.142 permission in the past: could
5.143 BE CAREFUL
5.144
5.145 saying that something is forbidden: cannot
5.146 saying that something is forbidden: may not
0321
5.147 saying that something is forbidden: will not
5.148 saying that something is forbidden: shall not
5.149 saying that something is forbidden: imperatives
5.150 undesirable actions: should not
5.151 undesirable actions: must not
5.152
0322
5.153
5.154
5.155 instructions and appeals for help
5.156 instructions and appeals for help: will
5.157 instructions and appeals for help: would
0323
5.158 instructions and appeals for help: could
5.159 appeals for help: can
5.160 requests
5.161 requests: can
5.162 requests: could
5.163 requests: can’t and couldn’t
0324
5.164 requests: may and might
5.165 instructions: would like
5.166 firm instructions: will
5.167 formal instructions: shall
5.168 imperatives
5.169 requests: would like, should like
5.170 polite additions to requests
0325
5.171
5.172 offers and invitations: will
5.173 offers and invitations: would and wouldn’t
5.174 offers of help: can
5.175 offers of help: may
0326
5.176 offers of help: shall and should
5.177 emphasizing ability: can
5.178 persuasive invitations: must and have to
5.179
5.180
5.181 suggesting: could
5.182 suggesting: should and ought to
0327
5.183 persuading: must
5.184 polite suggestions: might
5.185 suggesting: might as well, may as well
5.186 suggesting: shall
0328
5.187
5.188
5.189 intentions: will
5.190
5.191 intentions: shall
5.192 intentions: must
0329
5.193
5.194
5.195 refusal: will not and won’t
5.196 refusal: would not
5.197 unwillingness: cannot
5.198 unwillingness: couldn’t
0330
5.199
5.200
5.201 wishes: would
5.202
5.203 wishes: should
5.204 preference: would rather, would sooner
0331
5.205 wishes: would have
5.206 USAGE NOTE
5.207 regret: would that
5.208 hopes and wishes: may
5.209
5.210 importance: must
0332
5.211 necessity: will have to, will need to
5.212 necessity: shall have to
5.213 importance: should and ought to
0333
5.214
5.215 importance: must
5.216 importance: should and ought to
5.217 politeness: can and could
0334
5.218
5.219 approval: may and might
5.220 politeness: should and would
5.221
5.222 saying whether something is possible
0335
5.223
5.224
5.225
5.226
5.227
0336
5.228
5.229
5.230 saying how likely something is
5.231
5.232
5.233 giving instructions and making requests
5.234
0337
5.235 stating an intention
5.236
5.237
5.238
5.239 expressing unwillingness
5.240
5.241
0338
5.242 indicating importance
5.243
5.244
5.245
0339
5.246
5.247 dare and need
5.248 inflected forms
5.249 use with other modals
5.250 use with do
0340
5.251 other uses of dare and need
5.252 used to
5.253
5.254 omitting the following verb phrase
5.255 negatives
0341
5.256 questions
0342
6.1
6.2 adverb phrases
6.3 prepositional phrases
0343
6.4 noun phrases
6.5 adding meaning to verb phrases
6.6 adding meaning to clauses
0344
6.7
6.8 beginning of clause for emphasis
6.9 between subject and verb
0345
6.10
0346
6.11 USAGE NOTE
6.12 minor points about position
6.13 manner, place, then time
0347
6.14 adverbials of the same type
6.15 changing word order after adverbials
0348
6.16
6.17 -ly adverbs
0349
6.18 spelling
6.19
6.20 adverb meaning
6.21
0350
6.22
6.23
6.24 same form as adjective: a fast car, drive fast