is what they choose to leave behind. 2. (legal) used as a name to designate an unknown or unidentified man: According to the report, the corpse, a John Doe , was found with no clear cause of death. Richard Roe—(legal) used as a name to designate an uniden- tified man, especially the second of two such persons: It was a matter material to said trial to determine whether or not John Doe had ever made a loan of money to Richard Roe . join forces • join the forces join forces—unite in order to use combined strength to achieve a common aim: There was a proposal to join forces , and have a double wedding … the two school fellows and two young friends. join the forces —join the army: This year, the number seek- ing to join the forces has almost doubled and applications for cadetships have risen by over 40 percent. join in something • join something join in something —associate with other people in an activity, especially when they are already engaged in it: As I stood with people talking about insignificant things, my small daughter joined in the conversation. join something —1. become a member of a party, club, organ- ization, etc.: Many well-known figures joined the party at this time, including Pablo Picasso. 2. = join in something: Suddenly the mood changed completely and a third person joined the conversation , interested in where we were going. join in with someone • join up with someone join in with someone—1. meet a person to do smth. together: My aunt and uncle have asked me to join in with them on their holiday abroad. 2. share a cost with another person: We joined in with another family to buy the boat and share it for our holidays. join up with someone—meet and form a group with a person: We plan to join up with the other party of climbers on the other side of the mountain. joint-stock company • stock company joint-stock company—a business enterprise with ownership interests represented by shares of stock: Scott used to say that the Bannatyne Club was the only successful joint-stock com - pany he ever invested in. stock company—a company of actors employed at one the- ater, or permanently acting together: The stock company sys- tem provided theatrical training by affording young actors the chance to play many different roles. judicial decision • judicious decision judicial decision —1. a decision taken (by a judge) in a court of law: Besides divorce, marriage can also be declared invalid by a judicial decision . 2. a decision that is impartial or just: It does not seem to be denied that there was a judicial decision as a result of the Adjudicator’s determination. judicious decision—a decision showing good sense or judg- ment: This proved to be a judicious decision as it significantly contributed to our sales growth. Julian calendar • Julian day calendar Julian calendar—a calendar introduced in Rome in 46 B.C. establishing the twelve-month year: Down to 1582 the Julian calendar continued to be used by all Christian nations. Julian day calendar—(Astronomy) a system of numbering days consecutively from the arbitrarily selected point of the year 4713 B.C., regardless of the various changes made in civil calendars: Using the astronomers’ Julian Day calendar as a common denominator … Latham has solved the conversion of virtually all (including the Chinese!) the world calendars. jump at someone • jump on someone jump at someone—1. attack a person from a distance: The animal jumped at him, he squatted down and the cougar went over him, not making contact. 2. criticize a person severely: That same author did try to improve things by incorporating changes and everyone jumped at him. 3. (also: jump out at someone) said of smth. very obvious or easy to notice: Only the precious few had the special kind of talent that just jumps at you. jump on someone1. pounce on a person (landing on top of the person attacked): The Lion jumped up and jumped on him with all four feet. 2. = jump at someone 2: I’m sorry, Eddy, I didn’t mean to jump on you that way. Note: Neither expression is equivalent in meaning to the phrase jump someone—(sl.) 1. attack smb. suddenly in a sneaky fashion (with the intention to rob, etc.): When I “jumped ” him we didn’t mean to kill or hurt him. 2. cheat or swindle a person: The old proprietor … was green, and let the boys about here jump him. jump at something • jump on something jump at something—accept an offer, opportunity, etc. eagerly as soon as it has become available: When I raised this prospect with her, she jumped at the idea. jump on something—(also: jump all over something) reprove or criticize smth. severely: Critics jumped on the 1998 release of the instruction manual for priesthood. jump in the lake • take the plunge jump in the lake —(also: go jump in the lake) is used to rudely tell a person to go away (and stop being annoying): After a while, our exchange turned hostile and I told him to jump in the lake . take the plunge —take a decisive step (especially getting mar- ried); venture to do smth. risky: You may take the plunge and start your own firm, or join a large company. jump out of one’s skin • run out of one’s skin jump out of one’s skin1. get a sudden unpleasant shock or surprise: He nearly jumped out of his skin when he saw two rats in the wreckage of what a few years before had been a kitchen. 2. show extreme delight, excitement, or high spirits: Scipio was ready to jump out of his skin for joy at the sight of me. 3. (of a horse) put all of one’s energy into a race: The horse looked in splendid condition, “fit to jump out of his skin ,” to use a racing term. run out of one’s skin— = jump out of one’s skin 3: The word from Ireland this week is that this horse is running out of its skin over the flat. Note: a) Neither expression correlates in meaning with the phrase play out of one’s skin— give an outstanding performance: He then played out of his skin for the remainder of the tour- nament, made a couple of mistakes … but was still a force to be reckoned with. b) Neither expression correlates in meaning with the phrase cast its skin(of a reptile) shed its skin: About the middle of the month [September] the common snake sloughs or casts its skin . jump over the fence • jump over the wall jump over the fence—(coll.) exceed the limits of reasonable conduct; go too far: She goes pretty near the knuckle some- times, but she never jumps over the fence . Note: The expression is not antonymous in meaning to the phrase sit on the fence—be undecided in opinion or action: The French delegation, which has hitherto been sitting on the fence , has suddenly become exceedingly active. jump over the wall—(also: go over the wall) leave a religious order: No one knows how many religious have jumped over join forces – 202 –