a · determiner /eɪ/Full view
a (NOT PARTICULAR)
A1 used before a noun to refer to a single thing or person but not a particular thing or person or not one that you have referred to before
Dictionary examples:

She's got a boyfriend.

Someone left an umbrella here yesterday.

Is he a friend of yours?

Learner example:

You can make a quick snack, for example a sandwich. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; German)

a (ANY/EVERY)
A1 used to mean any or every thing or person of the type you are referring to
Dictionary examples:

Can you ride a bike?

A child needs love.

A cheetah can run faster than a lion.

Learner example:

I don't need it because I'm too old to have a doll. (Key English Test; A2; French)

a (ONE)
A1 one
Dictionary examples:

a hundred dollars

a dozen eggs

Learner example:

Dear Ally, All my friends [from] school were here, more than a hundred people. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

a (TYPE)
A1 used to state what type of thing or person something or someone is
Dictionary examples:

Sally's an engineer.

It's a rabbit.

Learner example:

She's a teacher. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Tamil)

a (AMOUNTS)
A2 used before some phrases saying how much of something there is
Dictionary examples:

a few days

a bit of wool

Learner example:

Please come next Monday with old clothes and a bit of green paint. (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

a (AN ACTION)
A2 used before some action nouns when referring to one example of the action
Dictionary examples:

Take a look at this, Jez.

I'm just going to have a wash.

Learner example:

I took a shower and ate my breakfast. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Thai)

a (TWO NOUNS)
A2 used before the first but not the second of two nouns that are often used together
Dictionary examples:

a cup and saucer

a knife and fork

Learner example:

I like a clean fork and knife. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Polish)

a (UNIT)
A2 used when referring to a unit of something, especially something you eat or drink
Dictionary examples:

I'd love a coffee.

All I had for lunch was a yogurt.

Learner example:

We both had a coke and a hot dog. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

a (WITH FRACTION)
A2 used between a fraction and a unit of measurement
Dictionary examples:

half a mile

a quarter of a kilo

three-quarters of an hour

Learner example:

The lesson is half an hour but you have to be ther[e] 10 minutes before. (Key English Test; A2; Greek)

a (PERIOD OF TIME)
A2 used when referring to a certain period of time
Dictionary examples:

Take one tablet three times a day.

She earns $100 000 a year.

Learner example:

I can write to him or her twice a week. (Key English Test; A2; Chinese)

abandon · verb T /əˈbæn.dən/Full view
abandon (LEAVE)
B2 to leave someone or something somewhere, sometimes not returning to get them
Dictionary examples:

They were forced to abandon the car.

As a baby, he'd been abandoned by his mother.

We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to abandon ship.

Learner example:

I lived with my mother and brother but my father was never there. I knew that he had abandoned us for another woman. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

abandon (STOP DOING)
C1 to stop doing something before it is finished, or to stop following a plan, idea, etc.
Dictionary example:

The match was abandoned because of rain.

Learner example:

How would you feel if you establish[ed] a long-time plan for your career and then you ha[d] to abandon it? (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Portuguese)

abandoned · adjective /əˈbæn.dənd/Full view
abandoned (EMPTY)
B2 left empty or not working
Dictionary example:

an abandoned factory/village

Learner example:

Arriving [at] an altitude of 2000m, people can visit the abandoned salt-mines. (First Certificate in English; B2; Hungarian)

abandoned (LEFT SOMEWHERE)
B2 having been left somewhere, intentionally
Dictionary example:

An abandoned baby was found in a box on the hospital steps.

Learner example:

Please, just have a look [at] your wife Margaret and her eyes will tell you that she is this abandoned princess of your childhood fairy-tale. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

ability · noun C or U /əˈbɪl.ə.ti/Full view
Nouns: ability, disability, inability
Adjectives: able, unable, disabled
Verbs: enable, disable
Adverbs: ably
ability
B1 the physical or mental skill or qualities that you need to do something
Dictionary examples:

She had the ability to explain things clearly.

athletic/academic ability

Learner example:

The protagonist had been bitten by a strange spider and some days later, he noticed [he had] some strange powers, such as the ability to create spider[s'] webs. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

able · adjective /ˈeɪ.bl ̩/Full view
Nouns: ability, disability, inability
Adjectives: able, unable, disabled
Verbs: enable, disable
Adverbs: ably
be able to do sth
A2 to have the ability to do something or the possibility of doing something
Dictionary examples:

He'll be able to help you.

Will she be able to do the work?

I'm sorry that I wasn't able to phone you yesterday.

It's so wonderful being able to see the sea from my window.

Learner example:

I will be able to go to your house next Friday. (Key English Test; A2; Japanese)

able
C2 clever or good at doing something
Dictionary example:

She's a very able student.

Learner example:

They contend that this will lead to better grades, better results in key stage test[s], and a more able work force. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Hebrew)

abnormal · adjective /æbˈnɔːməl/Full view
Nouns: abnormality, normality
Adjectives: normal, abnormal
Adverbs: normally, abnormally
abnormal
C1 different from what is normal or usual, in a way which is strange or dangerous
Dictionary examples:

abnormal behaviour/weather

They found abnormal levels of lead in the water.

Learner example:

The cost of it for the Chinese population is an abnormal level of pollution, that causes many deaths every year. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Portuguese)

aboard · adverb /əˈbɔːd/Full view
aboard
C1 on or onto a plane, ship, bus, or train
Dictionary example:

Welcome aboard flight BA109 to Paris.

Learner example:

Competition entry "Welcome aboard on the flight to ancient Rome..." Please fasten your seatbelts... (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

abolish · verb T /əˈbɒl.ɪʃ/Full view
abolish
B2 to officially end something, especially a law or system
Dictionary examples:

I think bullfighting should be abolished.

National Service was abolished in Britain in 1962.

Learner example:

Therefore, I suggest you should not change or abolish any event for any reason. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

abortion · noun C or U /əˈbɔː.ʃən/Full view
abortion
C1 a medical operation to end a pregnancy when the baby is still too small to live
Dictionary example:

She had an abortion.

Learner example:

Some of these problems are serious and should be eliminated, such as abortion and domestic violence. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Arabic)

about · preposition /əˈbaʊt/Full view
about
A1 relating to a particular subject or person
Dictionary examples:

What's she talking about?

I've got a book about Jung.

Learner example:

I like my IT course becaus[e] I want to learn about computers. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

How/What about ...? (SUGGESTION)
A2 used when suggesting or offering something to someone
Dictionary examples:

How about a trip to the zoo this afternoon?

"Coffee, Sarah?" "No, thanks." "What about you, Kate?"

How about cycling there?

Learner example:

What about going on Saturday? (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

How/What about ...?
B1 used to ask for someone's opinion on a particular subject
Dictionary examples:

What about Ava - is she nice?

So the town was nice - how about the food?

Learner example:

I also enjoy shopping for shoes, what about you? (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

about · adverb /əˈbaʊt/
about
A1 a little more or less than the stated number or amount
Dictionary examples:

It happened about two months ago.

"What time are you leaving work today?" "About five."

Learner example:

It's not far [from] my home, about 20 minut[es'] walk, [or] 5 minut[es] by bus. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Thai)

about (DIRECTION)
B2 to or in different parts of a place, often without purpose or order
Dictionary example:

They heard someone moving/walking about outside.

about · adjective /əˈbaʊt/
be (just) about to do sth
B1 to be going to do something very soon
Dictionary example:

I was about to leave when Mark arrived.

Learner example:

When I was just about to cross the road, I realised that I was going to faint [at] any moment. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

above · adverb /əˈbʌv/Full view
above (HIGHER POSITION)
A1 in or to a higher position than something else
Dictionary examples:

There's a mirror above the washbasin.

Her name comes above mine on the list.

Learner example:

I think I have [put] it above the bookshelf. (Key English Test; A2; Assamese)

above (MORE)
A2 more than an amount or level
Dictionary examples:

It says on the box it's for children aged three and above.

Rates of pay are above average.

Learner example:

The weather is too hot in Beijing. Every day [it] is above 30 degrees. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

above all
B1 most importantly
Dictionary examples:

Above all, I'd like to thank my family.

He is known above all for his film roles.

Learner example:

She is a very nice person and above all, she is really cheerful. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

above (TOO IMPORTANT)
C2 too good or important for something
Dictionary example:

No one is above suspicion in this matter.

above · adverb /əˈbʌv/
above
B1 higher on the page
Dictionary examples:

the above diagram

Match these words with the pictures above.

Please send the articles to the address given/shown above.

Learner example:

I can be contacted at the above address and I would be free to attend an interview at any time from Monday to Saturday. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

abroad · adverb always after verb /əˈbrɔːd/Full view
abroad
B1 in or to a foreign country
Dictionary examples:

He's currently abroad on business.

We always go abroad in the summer.

Learner example:

I have never been abroad. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

abrupt · adjective /əˈbrʌpt/Full view
abrupt (SUDDEN)
C2 sudden and not expected
Dictionary example:

Our conversation came to an abrupt end.

Learner example:

Their income came from the revenues obtained by selling milk, fruit, jelly and other perishable goods, but they had to pay John, or their happy lifestyle would come to an abrupt end. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

abrupt (RUDE)
C2 dealing with people in a quick way that is unfriendly or rude
Dictionary example:

She has a rather abrupt manner.

Learner example:

I was poorly received and the general tone of the person assisting me was rude and abrupt. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Afrikaans)

abruptly · adverb /əˈbrʌp.tli/Full view
abruptly
C2 suddenly and quickly
Dictionary examples:

They abruptly left the party.

His speech ended abruptly and he left the stage.

Learner example:

When she became an adolescent, her perspective changed abruptly. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

absence · noun /ˈæb.sənts/Full view
absence (NOT PRESENT)
B2 C or U when someone is not where they are usually expected to be
Dictionary examples:

A new manager was appointed during/in her absence.

She has had repeated absences from work this year.

Learner example:

Thank you very much for letting me stay in your flat during your absence on holiday. (First Certificate in English; B2; Japanese)

absence (NOT EXISTING)
B2 U when something does not exist
Dictionary example:

He drew attention to the absence of concrete evidence against the defendant.

Learner example:

The biggest difference the absence of TV made in my life was that I actually started living. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

absent · adjective /ˈæb.sənt/Full view
absent
B1 not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work
Dictionary example:

John has been absent from school/work for three days now.

Learner example:

I would like to apologise, because I'm missing tomorrow's class. I'm going to be absent because my grandmother is ill and I have to take care of her. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

absolute · adjective always before noun /ˈæb.sə.luːt/Full view
absolute
B2 complete and definite
Dictionary examples:

absolute control

He's an absolute idiot!

That's absolute rubbish!

Learner example:

I have no experience [of] surfing - I am an absolute beginner with high motivation. (First Certificate in English; B2; German)

absolutely · adverb /ˈæb.sə.luːt.li/Full view
absolutely
B1 completely
Dictionary examples:

The food was absolutely delicious.

It's absolutely ridiculous.

I have absolutely no idea what she's talking about.

We've achieved absolutely nothing today.

I absolutely hate it.

Learner example:

I've heard the film is absolutely fantastic. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Korean)

Absolutely!
C1 used to strongly agree with someone
Dictionary examples:

"Do you think it helped his career?" "Absolutely."

"It was an excellent film, though." "Absolutely!"

Learner example:

So have the Swedish grandparents got funkier? Absolutely! (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Swedish)

Absolutely not.
C2 used to strongly disagree with someone or to agree with something negative
Dictionary example:

"Are you suggesting that we should just ignore the problem?" "No, absolutely not."

Learner example:

Does it mean the parents will allow them to eat anything they please? Absolutely not. You have to give the children some options, instead of imposing things on them. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

absorb · verb T /əbˈzɔːb/Full view
absorb (TAKE IN)
B2 to take something in, especially gradually
Dictionary examples:

Plants absorb carbon dioxide.

The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream.

Learner example:

Everything is getting intermingled and absorbed into the system, making life terribly efficient, quick and easy. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

be absorbed in sth
B2 to give all your attention to something that you are doing
Dictionary example:

Simon was so absorbed in his computer game that he didn't notice me come in.

Learner example:

We hadn't noticed them at first because we were absorbed in [listening to the] birds singing. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

absorb (REMEMBER)
C1 to understand and remember facts that you read or hear
Dictionary example:

It's hard to absorb so much information.

Learner example:

You will have only three school [subjects] and that'[ll] make it easier to absorb the new knowledge. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

abstract · adjective /ˈæb.strækt/Full view
abstract (IDEAS)
B2 relating to ideas and not real things
Dictionary examples:

abstract ideas

Truth and beauty are abstract concepts.

Learner example:

Reading improve[s] your ability to imagine and your abstract thinking skills. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

abstract (ART)
B2 Abstract art involves shapes and colours and not images of real things or people.
Dictionary example:

abstract paintings/sculpture

Learner example:

What kind of material will you use for this painting? Will it be a realistic picture or an abstract one? (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

absurd · adjective /əbˈzɜːd/Full view
absurd
B2 very silly
Dictionary examples:

What an absurd explanation!

Don't be so absurd! Of course I want you to come.

It's an absurd situation - neither of them will talk to the other.

Learner example:

[In your article,] some performers are called 'second-rate', which, in my view, is absurd when talking about such famous groups as 'Snakes' and 'KGB'. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

abuse · noun /əˈbjuːs/Full view
abuse (BAD TREATMENT)
B2 C or U bad or cruel treatment of people or animals
Dictionary examples:

sexual/psychological/mental abuse

The rescued dogs had been victims of physical abuse.

Learner example:

The one side opposes this treatment as an abuse of living creatures while the other side denies any suffering and points at the values of zoos for people. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

abuse (WRONG USE)
B2 C or U the use of a substance in an unsuitable and harmful way or for the wrong purpose
Dictionary examples:

Drug and alcohol abuse contributed to his early death.

This program tries to address problems that lead to substance abuse.

Learner example:

Get information about the [effect]s of drug abuse and make your generation a better one. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

abuse (WRONG ACTION)
C1 C or U an action or activity that is morally wrong or not allowed
Dictionary example:

The politician's behaviour was an abuse of power.

Learner example:

It is a vast resource of information, but the abuse of it may have detrimental consequences. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

abuse (LANGUAGE)
C2 U rude and offensive words said to another person
Dictionary example:

Rival fans shouted abuse at each other.

Learner example:

I went all the way back cycling on the wrong side of the road, and anyone who said something about it could expect a stream of abuse. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

abusive · adjective /əˈbjuːsɪv/Full view
abusive
C2 saying rude and offensive words to someone
Dictionary example:

an abusive phone call

Learner example:

This is partly true, because even [a] slightly abusive expression might result in discord or [rupture] between seemingly close friends. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

academic · adjective /ˌæk.əˈdem.ɪk/Full view
academic (EDUCATION)
B2 relating to schools, colleges and universities, or to subjects which involve thinking and studying and not technical or practical skills
Dictionary examples:

academic subjects/qualifications/books

academic standards

Learner example:

As a member of our academic community, I'm very glad to hear that our college will have a surplus in its annual budget. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

academic (CLEVER)
C2 clever and good at studying
Dictionary example:

He's not very academic.

accelerate · verb /əkˈsel.ə.reɪt/Full view
accelerate (HAPPEN)
C1 I or T to start to happen more quickly, or to make something start to happen more quickly
Dictionary example:

Inflation is likely to accelerate this year.

Learner example:

Fashion has always been changing but I think this process accelerated after the Second World War. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Hungarian)

accelerate (VEHICLE)
C2 I to move or cause yourself or a vehicle to move faster
Dictionary example:

The car in front accelerated and left us behind.

Learner example:

When I ride my bike and start accelerating, I feel that I move with the speed of the wind. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

accent · noun C /ˈæk.sənt/Full view
accent (PRONUNCIATION)
B1 the way in which people in a particular area, country or social group pronounce words
Dictionary examples:

an American accent

He speaks with a broad/heavy/strong Yorkshire accent.

Learner example:

Our teacher is a middle-aged lady with a kind smile and [a] British accent. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

accent (MARK)
B2 a mark written or printed over a letter to show you how to pronounce it
Dictionary example:

There's an acute accent on the 'e' of 'café'.

accept · verb /əkˈsept/Full view
Nouns: acceptance
Adjectives: acceptable, unacceptable, accepted
Verbs: accept
Adverbs: unacceptably
accept (AGREE TO TAKE)
B1 I or T to agree to take something that is offered to you
Dictionary examples:

to accept an apology/invitation/offer

I've been invited to their wedding, but I haven't decided whether to accept.

She won't accept advice from anyone.

Learner example:

I hope that you accept my apology. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

accept (ADMIT)
B2 T to admit that something is true, often something unpleasant
Dictionary examples:

He refuses to accept that he's made a mistake.

I can't accept that there's nothing we can do.

Learner example:

David told her that the reason [for] his failure was her, because she used to press him a lot and she couldn't accept that he wanted to be an actor. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

accept (ALLOW TO JOIN)
B2 T to allow someone to join an organization or become part of a group
Dictionary examples:

She's been accepted by two universities.

He was accepted as a full member of the society.

His fellow workers refused to accept him.

Learner example:

When I returned home I check[ed] my mail and I ha[d] a new message from my uncle, saying that the university have accepted me. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

accept responsibility/blame
B2 to admit that you caused something bad that happened
Dictionary example:

I accept full responsibility for the failure of the plan.

acceptable · adjective /əkˈsep.tə.bl ̩/Full view
Nouns: acceptance
Adjectives: acceptable, unacceptable, accepted
Verbs: accept
Adverbs: unacceptably
acceptable (GOOD ENOUGH)
B1 good enough
Dictionary examples:

work of an acceptable standard

Clearly we need to come to an arrangement that is acceptable to both parties.

This kind of attitude is simply not acceptable.

So what is an acceptable level of radiation?

Learner example:

I am sure that finally I will succeed in [us]ing English in an acceptable way! (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

acceptable (ALLOWED)
C1 allowed or approved of
Dictionary example:

Smoking is less and less socially acceptable.

Learner example:

They should teach them what is right [and] wrong, and what is morally and socially acceptable. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Spanish)

acceptance · noun C or U /əkˈsep.tənts/Full view
Nouns: acceptance
Adjectives: acceptable, unacceptable, accepted
Verbs: accept
Adverbs: unacceptably
acceptance
C1 when you accept something
Dictionary examples:

His acceptance of the award was controversial.

There is a growing public acceptance of alternative medicine.

Learner example:

The main reason for the "fast-food" groceries winning acceptance in Swedish culture is lack of time. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Swedish)

accepted · adjective /əkˈsep.tɪd/Full view
Nouns: acceptance
Adjectives: acceptable, unacceptable, accepted
Verbs: accept
Adverbs: unacceptably
accepted
C1 agreed or approved by most people
Dictionary example:

an accepted spelling

Learner example:

Competition can also be an accepted form of expression of one's aggression. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Others)

access · noun U /ˈæk.ses/Full view
access (RIGHT/OPPORTUNITY)
B1 the right or opportunity to use or look at something
Dictionary examples:

Internet access

The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.

Learner example:

I would suggest free Internet access as an extra facility in our library. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swiss German)

access (METHOD)
B1 the way in which you can enter a place or get to a place
Dictionary examples:

disabled access

The only access to the village is by boat.

Learner example:

I think it would be better if you stayed in a small village which has easy access to the city centre. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

access · verb T /ˈæk.ses/
access
B2 to find or see information, especially using a computer
Dictionary example:

You can access the files over the Internet.

Learner example:

We have more time to stay together at home, because we can access [the] internet at home. (First Certificate in English; B2; Thai)

accessible · adjective /əkˈses.ə.bl ̩/Full view
accessible (REACH)
B2 able to be reached or easily got
Dictionary example:

The resort is easily accessible by road, rail and air.

Learner example:

It is very accessible because it is situated in the centre. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

accessible (UNDERSTAND)
C2 easy to understand
Dictionary example:

They are attempting to make opera accessible to a wider audience.

Learner example:

Jacques Prevert, the French poet, changed our way [of seeing] the world by making poetry accessible to everyone. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; French)

accessory · noun C /əkˈses.ər.i/Full view
accessory
C1 something extra which is not necessary but is attractive or useful
Dictionary examples:

bathroom accessories

computer accessories

Learner example:

They find pleasure in looking at different clothes, shoes, accessories, gadgets and home furnishings. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Tagalog)

accident · noun C /ˈæk.sɪ.dənt/Full view
Nouns: accident
Adjectives: accidental
Adverbs: accidentally
accident
A2 something bad which happens that is not expected or intended, and which causes injury or damage
Dictionary examples:

Josh had an accident and spilled water all over his work.

She was injured in a car/road accident.

Learner example:

I had an accident two weeks ago and now I can't do sport. (Key English Test; A2; French)

by accident
B1 without being intended
Dictionary example:

I deleted the file by accident.

Learner example:

I was dancing and someone [kicked me] by accident and my glasses fell [off]. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

accidental · adjective /ˌæk.sɪˈden.təl/Full view
Nouns: accident
Adjectives: accidental
Adverbs: accidentally
accidental
B2 happening by chance
Dictionary examples:

accidental damage

The archeological site was located after the accidental discovery of bones in a field.

accidentally · adverb /ˌæk.sɪˈden.təl.i/Full view
Nouns: accident
Adjectives: accidental
Adverbs: accidentally
accidentally
B2 by chance or by mistake
Dictionary example:

She accidentally knocked over a glass of water.

Learner example:

I accidentally broke one of your vases - the most beautiful one. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

acclaimed · adjective /əˈkleɪmd/Full view
acclaimed
C1 praised by a lot of people
Dictionary example:

the acclaimed singer and songwriter

Learner example:

In order to avoid s[uch an] embarrassing inconsistency in the next meeting, I suggest inviting Colin Briggs, the acclaimed footballer, to talk to his fans. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

accommodation · noun U /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/Full view
accommodation
B1 a place where you live or stay
Dictionary examples:

rented accommodation

The price includes flights, all meals and accommodation.

There's a shortage of cheap accommodation.

Learner example:

You can find cheap accommodation in a student room because they are usually free in July an[d] August. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Polish)

accompany · verb T /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/Full view
accompany (GO WITH)
B1 to go somewhere with someone
Dictionary examples:

We accompanied her back to her hotel.

Children under 10 must be accompanied by an adult.

Learner example:

I asked my cousin to accompany me because she knew the way to the temple. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

accompany (HAPPEN TOGETHER)
B1 often passive to happen or exist at the same time as something else
Dictionary examples:

The course books are accompanied by four CDs.

The salmon was accompanied by a fresh green salad.

Learner example:

The weather was very hot and a shining sun accompanied us during our trip. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

accompany (MUSIC)
C2 to play music to support someone else who is playing or singing
Dictionary example:

He accompanied me on the piano.

Learner example:

Last year, for instance, the concert became a recital: two singers performed Lieder by Schubert accompanied by the piano and by the sweet sound of Arimany's golden flute. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

accomplish · verb T /əˈkʌm.plɪʃ/Full view
accomplish
C1 to succeed in doing something good
Dictionary example:

I feel as if I've accomplished nothing all day.

Learner example:

To accomplish this, schools should try to respect the individuality of each child, give them chances to think more freely. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Japanese)

accord · noun /əˈkɔːd/Full view
of your own accord
C2 If you do something of your own accord, you choose to do it and no one else forces you.
Dictionary example:

She left of her own accord.

Learner example:

She would go alone, but it was something that was chosen of her own accord. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

accordance · noun /əˈkɔː.dənts/Full view
in accordance with sth
C1 in the way described by a rule, law, or wish
Dictionary example:

Both companies have insisted that they were acting in accordance with the law.

Learner example:

Although they do not earn much money in this profession, they try to do their best and judge in accordance with the law which they also have to interpret. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

according to · preposition /əˈkɔː.dɪŋˌtuː/Full view
according to (OPINION)
B1 as said by someone or shown by something
Dictionary examples:

According to Sarah, they're not getting on very well at the moment.

According to our records, you owe us £45.

Learner example:

According to the guide, it was a famous culture in ancient times. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

according to (METHOD)
B2 in a way that agrees with
Dictionary example:

Students are all put in different groups according to their ability.

Learner example:

The job included organizing suitable activities according to their age, capability and wishes. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

account · noun /əˈkaʊnt/Full view
account (BANK)
B1 C an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to
Dictionary examples:

I've opened an account with another bank.

I paid the money into my account this morning.

Learner example:

The man, whose name I can't remember, wrote a serious looking message in which he [talked about] a money transfer to a Swiss bank account. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Swiss German)

account (REPORT)
B2 C a written or spoken description of something that has happened
Dictionary examples:

She gave a thrilling account of her life in the jungle.

The documents provide a detailed account of the town's early history.

Learner example:

I would be very interested [in participating] and [writing] the accounts of our journeys. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

take account of sth
B2 to consider something when judging a situation
Dictionary example:

A good architect takes account of the building's surroundings.

Learner example:

I hope you will take account of our request. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

take into account sth
B2 to consider something when judging a situation
Dictionary example:

I think you have to take into account the fact that he's a good deal younger than the rest of us.

Learner example:

Taking into account all these arguments, I also think, like many people, that keeping animals in zoos is cruel and unnecessary. (First Certificate in English; B2; Catalan)

on account of sth
B2 because of something
Dictionary example:

He doesn't eat any dairy products on account of the diet he is following.

Learner example:

On account of its location, it is always busy. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

on no account; not on any account
C2 not for any reason or in any situation
Dictionary example:

On no account must these records be changed.

Learner example:

Mary did not want Martin to leave on any account, let alone move to a foreign country. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

by all accounts
C1 as said by a lot of people
Dictionary example:

The party was, by all accounts, a great success.

Learner example:

I have known Michael Van Cleef for over two decades now, and he is, by all accounts, an exemplary worker. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; French)

account · verb /əˈkaʊnt/
account for sth
C2 to be the reason for something, or to explain the reason for something
Dictionary examples:

Can you account for your absence last Friday?

He'd had an argument with Caroline, which accounts for his bad mood this morning.

She was asked to account for the missing money.

Learner example:

I was at a loss for words when I tried to account for her behaviour, but I never ceased to consider her a very valuable friend. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

accountable · adjective never before noun /əˈkaʊn.tə.bl ̩/Full view
accountable
C2 responsible for what you do and having to be able to explain your actions
Dictionary examples:

Hospitals must be held accountable for their mistakes.

Politicians should be accountable to the public that elects them.

Learner example:

Finally, there should be a person who should be held accountable and [is] accessible to our complaints. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Hindi)

accountant · noun C /əˈkaʊn.tənt/Full view
accountant
B1 someone whose job is to keep or examine the financial records of a person or organization
Dictionary example:

a firm of accountants

Learner example:

I am working as an accountant at Deloitte & Touche. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

accumulate · verb I or T /əˈkjuː.mjə.leɪt/Full view
accumulate
C1 to increase in amount over a period of time, or to make something increase over a period of time
Dictionary example:

The chemicals accumulate in your body.

Learner example:

Rain water then accumulates in the reservoir. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Urdu)

accumulation · noun C or U /əˌkjuː.mjəˈleɪ.ʃən/Full view
accumulation
C2 an amount of something that has been collected
Dictionary example:

Despite this accumulation of evidence, the government did nothing.

Learner example:

What is success? For some it is the accumulation of pos[s]es[s]ions, for others it's fame, health, love. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

accuracy · noun U /ˈæk.jʊ.rə.si/Full view
Nouns: accuracy, inaccuracy
Adjectives: accurate, inaccurate
Adverbs: accurately, inaccurately
accuracy
B2 how correct or exact something is
Dictionary example:

We can predict changes with a surprising degree of accuracy.

Learner example:

I was very disappointed to observe your lack of accuracy in the description of this wonderful event. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

accurate · adjective /ˈæk.jʊ.rət/Full view
Nouns: accuracy, inaccuracy
Adjectives: accurate, inaccurate
Adverbs: accurately, inaccurately
accurate
B1 correct, exact and without any mistakes
Dictionary examples:

accurate information/measurements

She was able to give the police a fairly accurate description of the man.

Her novel is an accurate reflection of life in post-war Spain.

We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes.

Learner example:

Some information in the Guidebook was not very accurate. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

accurately · adverb /ˈæk.jʊ.rət.li/Full view
Nouns: accuracy, inaccuracy
Adjectives: accurate, inaccurate
Adverbs: accurately, inaccurately
accurately
B1 in an accurate way
Dictionary example:

The plans should be drawn as accurately as possible, showing all the measurements.

Learner example:

It's necessary to consider a lot of aspects to answer this question accurately, but in general I would prefer to go to work by bicycle. (First Certificate in English; B2; German)

accusation · noun C /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃən/Full view
Nouns: accusation, the accused, accuser
Verbs: accuse
accusation
C1 when you say that someone has done something bad
Dictionary example:

He made a number of accusations against his former colleagues.

Learner example:

I have enclosed the Distribution Chart in order to prevent you from [making] further accusations. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Russian)

accuse · verb T /əˈkjuːz/Full view
Nouns: accusation, the accused, accuser
Verbs: accuse
accuse
B2 to say that someone has done something bad
Dictionary examples:

He's been accused of robbery/murder.

Are you accusing me of lying?

Learner example:

They were accused of vandalism. (First Certificate in English; B2; Hungarian)

accustomed · adjective /əˈkʌs.təmd/Full view
accustomed to sth/doing sth
C1 If you are accustomed to something, you have experienced it often enough for it to seem normal to you.
Dictionary examples:

I've worked nights for years now so I've grown accustomed to it.

She isn't accustomed to dealing with so much media attention.

Learner example:

I am quite accustomed to being with many kinds of people of different ages. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Korean)

ache · noun C /eɪk/Full view
ache
B1 a feeling of pain over an area of your body which continues for a long time
Dictionary examples:

As you get older, you have all sorts of aches and pains.

I've got an ache in my lower back.

Learner example:

Since then, I have [had] a[n] ache in my left leg. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Turkish)

ache · verb I /eɪk/
ache
B2 to have a continuous pain that is unpleasant but not strong
Dictionary examples:

My head/tooth/back aches.

I ache/I'm aching all over.

Learner example:

After a[n] hour of horseback riding your muscles can really ache. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

achieve · verb T /əˈtʃiːv/Full view
Nouns: achievement, achiever
Adjectives: achievable
Verbs: achieve
achieve
B1 to succeed in doing something good, usually by working hard
Dictionary examples:

She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.

The government's training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives.

Learner example:

My father is a person who has achieved a lot of great things in his life. (First Certificate in English; B2; German)

achievement · noun C or U /əˈtʃiːv.mənt/Full view
Nouns: achievement, achiever
Adjectives: achievable
Verbs: achieve
achievement
B1 something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing
Dictionary examples:

An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for such a young athlete.

It gives you a sense of achievement if you actually make it to the end of a very long book.

Learner example:

I think this is an achievement because he is now a lawyer. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

acid · noun C or U /ˈæs.ɪd/Full view
acid
B2 a liquid substance which can react chemically with and sometimes dissolve other materials
Dictionary examples:

hydrochloric/fatty acid

Vinegar is an acid.

Learner example:

We saw a little black dragon with scales like iron charging [at] us and spitting acid. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

acknowledge · verb T /əkˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/Full view
acknowledge (ACCEPT)
C1 to accept that something is true or exists
Dictionary example:

He acknowledged that there was a problem.

Learner example:

They fully acknowledge the need to keep fit as a part of being a healthy and well-educated person. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Danish)

acknowledge (SAY RECEIVED)
C1 to tell someone, usually in writing, that you have received something they sent you
Dictionary example:

He sent a letter acknowledging receipt of her application.

Learner example:

Re: Follow-up job as interpreter, I acknowledge receipt of your recent correspondence. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; German)

acquaintance · noun C /əˈkweɪn.tənts/Full view
acquaintance
C1 someone who you know but do not know well
Dictionary example:

He's just a business acquaintance.

Learner example:

Should you not give us a printed apology, I would seriously consider recommending all my friends and acquaintances not to trust your future articles. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

acquire · verb T /əˈkwaɪər/Full view
acquire (GET)
B2 to get something
Dictionary examples:

He acquired the firm in 1978.

I seem to have acquired two copies of this book.

Learner example:

I would like to join the club because I will be able to acquire more stamps for my collection. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

acquire (LEARN)
B2 to learn something
Dictionary example:

to acquire knowledge/skills

Learner example:

I have already acquired experience in the Tourism Field, working as a guard in a summer camp in Florida in 1997. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

acre · noun C /ˈeɪ.kər/Full view
acre
C2 a unit for measuring area, equal to 4047 square metres
Dictionary example:

He's got 400 acres of land in Wales.

Learner example:

We have to admit that, not only because of the financial weakness but also because of the badly organized plans, we failed to achieve the planting of 10,000 trees per acre. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Japanese)

across · adverb /əˈkrɒs/Full view
across
A2 from one side of something to the other
Dictionary examples:

She walked across the field/road.

They're building a new bridge across the river.

When I reached the river, I simply swam across.

Learner example:

My new phone is great. It is black with white lines going across it. (Key English Test; A2; French)

across the board
C2 happening or having an effect on people at every level and in every area
Dictionary example:

The improvement has been across the board, with all divisions reporting increased profits.

Learner example:

Children in separate schools get on with things regardless of it being work for boys or girls, which can be quite positive especially in today's lifestyles where chores are done across the board. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Afrikaans)

across · preposition /əˈkrɒs/
across
A2 on the opposite side of
Dictionary example:

The library is just across the road.

Learner example:

I think you will enjoy it, so let's meet at 6:00 pm at London Bridge Station next to Pret a Manger, because the cinema is just across the road. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

act · verb /ækt/Full view
Nouns: act, action, inaction, interaction, reaction, transaction
Adjectives: acting
Verbs: act
act (PERFORM)
B1 I or T to perform in a film, play, etc.
Dictionary examples:

Have you ever acted in a play before?

Andrew Pike was chosen to act the part of the lawyer in the film.

Learner example:

We are taught how to act in both comic and serious parts. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

act (BEHAVE)
B1 I to behave in a particular way
Dictionary examples:

He acted as if he'd never met me before.

Don't be so silly - you're acting like a child!

Learner example:

I always care about how much money I have and I always act sensibly. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

act (DO SOMETHING)
B2 I to do something, especially in order to solve a problem
Dictionary examples:

She acted without thinking.

We have to act now to stop the spread of this disease.

Learner example:

We can make the village much more attractive than it has ever been. If we act together as a group, things will be easier. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

act as sth
B2 to do a particular job, especially one that you do not normally do
Dictionary example:

He was asked to act as an advisor on the project.

Learner example:

In the last race held by Nostred Motor Klub, I [saw] that you were short of officials. Now I think I can act as [an] official in your club. (First Certificate in English; B2; Danish)

act · noun /ækt/
Nouns: act, action, inaction, interaction, reaction, transaction
Adjectives: acting
Verbs: act
act (THEATRE)
B1 C one of the parts a play is divided into
Dictionary example:

Her character doesn't appear until Act 2.

Learner example:

Everything was going all right, until we reached the "balcony act". (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

act (THING DONE)
B2 C something that someone does
Dictionary examples:

an act of aggression/kindness/terrorism

a kind/thoughtless/selfish act

The simple act of telling someone about a problem can help.

Learner example:

I think that reading is a[n] act of intel[l]igence because animals can't read, while watching T.V. is only an act of having fun!!! (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

act (FALSE BEHAVIOUR)
C2 no plural behaviour which hides your real feelings or intentions
Dictionary example:

Was she really upset or was that just an act?

Learner example:

Sometimes what is put on display for the tourists is all an act and gives you a different impression and opinion of the country and people, so it would be advisable to meet some local people like the butcher or baker and have a talk with them. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

get your act together
C2 to organize your activities so that you can make progress
Dictionary example:

She's so disorganized - I wish she'd get her act together.

Learner example:

He was determined to get his act together and try to find a solution to his problem. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

action · noun /ˈæk.ʃən/Full view
Nouns: act, action, inaction, interaction, reaction, transaction
Adjectives: acting
Verbs: act
action (ACTIVITY)
B1 U things which are happening, especially exciting or important things
Dictionary examples:

I like films with a lot of action.

In her last novel, the action moves between Greece and southern Spain.

Learner example:

I really like science fiction films and this film has lots of action and special effects. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

action (DO)
B2 C or U something that you do
Dictionary examples:

We must take action before the problem gets worse.

She has to accept the consequences of her actions.

What do you think is the best course of action?

Learner example:

I decided to take action on my own. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

legal action
C1 a legal process in a court
Dictionary example:

They are planning to take legal action against the company.

Learner example:

If we do not get a satisfactory answer to this letter, apologising and offering the compensation that the students deserve, we will have no other option but to take legal action. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

out of action
C1 damaged or hurt and not able to operate or play sports
Dictionary examples:

I'm afraid my car's out of action.

They've got three players out of action.

Learner example:

The air-condition[ing] in my room was out of action and the hotel manager didn't care. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Japanese)

course of action
C1 something that you can do in a particular situation
Dictionary example:

I think the best course of action would be to write to him.

Learner example:

However, I believe that the best course of action in this case is to give our student a refund. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

action (FIGHTING)
C2 U fighting in a war
Dictionary example:

He was killed in action.

Learner example:

It was a shock when she got to know that her husband had been killed in action. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

action (PROCESS)
C2 no plural a movement or natural process
Dictionary example:

The rocks are smoothed by the action of water.

Learner example:

The area of Sayago - in the Spanish province of Zamora - and Tras-os-Montes, in Portugal, are joined by a natural border: the river Duero and the rocky canyon that has been eroded for millions of years by the action of the water. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

active · adjective /ˈæk.tɪv/Full view
Nouns: activity, inactivity
Adjectives: active, inactive, interactive, proactive
Verbs: activate
Adverbs: actively
active (BUSY)
B1 doing a lot of things, or moving around a lot
Dictionary examples:

physically/mentally active

You've got to try to keep active as you grow older.

Learner example:

Nico is a very active guy and I enjoyed going out with him very much. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

active (GRAMMAR)
B1 An active verb or sentence is one in which the subject is the person or thing doing the action.
Dictionary example:

'Catrin told me' is an active sentence, and 'I was told by Catrin' is passive.

active (INVOLVED)
B2 very involved in an organization or planned activity
Dictionary examples:

He played an active role in the campaign.

Both of his parents were politically active.

Enemy forces remain active in the mountainous areas around the city.

Learner example:

I have always been very active in different organizations, sports as well as c[h]arity. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

active (VOLCANO)
C1 An active volcano could throw out rocks, fire, etc. at any time.
Dictionary example:

Mount Etna in Sicily is one of the world's most active volcanoes.

Learner example:

The beautiful, crystal-blue sea and the small white houses, the bright orange of the sky during the evening and the unidentified colour of the volcanic rocks around the great, active volcano are just a few of the colours that paint the natural beauty of Thera. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

actively · adverb /ˈæk.tɪv.li/Full view
Nouns: activity, inactivity
Adjectives: active, inactive, interactive, proactive
Verbs: activate
Adverbs: actively
actively
B2 in a way that involves positive action
Dictionary examples:

He's very actively involved in the local Labour Party.

I've been actively looking for a job for six months.

Learner example:

There's statistic[al] evidence that maths can train a brain to study actively. (First Certificate in English; B2; Mongolian)

activity · noun /ækˈtɪv.ə.ti/Full view
Nouns: activity, inactivity
Adjectives: active, inactive, interactive, proactive
Verbs: activate
Adverbs: actively
activity (EVENT)
A2 C usually plural something that is done for enjoyment, especially an organized event
Dictionary example:

The centre offers a range of activities, such as cycling, swimming and tennis.

Learner example:

We did many activities: playing games, singing and [watching a] magic show. (Key English Test; A2; Thai)

activity (WORK)
B2 C or U the work of a group or organization to achieve an aim
Dictionary examples:

He was found guilty of terrorist activity.

criminal activities

Learner example:

But Rollo was also a good man, so when a policeman, called Calloway, informed him about [Harry's] illegal activity, he turned against him. (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

activity (MOVEMENT)
B2 U when a lot of things are happening or people are moving around
Dictionary examples:

Ministers are concerned by the low level of economic activity.

There was a lot of activity the other side of the room.

Learner example:

Technical progress and industrial activity are causing a lot of problems. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

actor · noun C /ˈæk.tər/Full view
actor
A2 someone whose job is to perform in plays, films, etc.
Dictionary example:

"Who's your favourite actor?" "Robert de Niro."

Learner example:

We watched a DVD called "Minority Report" with the actor Tom Cruise. (Key English Test; A2; German)

actual · adjective always before noun /ˈæk.tʃu.əl/Full view
actual
B2 real, not guessed or imagined
Dictionary examples:

We had estimated about 300 visitors, but the actual number was much higher.

The exams are in July, but the actual results don't appear until September.

Learner example:

In my opinion, Burgers' Bush, Safari & Zoo in Arnhem has found the perfect solution. The actual zoo is rather small but each animal has a lot of space for running or wandering around. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

in actual fact
B2 used to emphasize what is really true, or to give more information
Dictionary example:

I thought she was Portuguese, but in actual fact she's Brazilian.

Learner example:

Nowadays almost all people own a car and in actual fact more and more people have been facing death as a consequence of careless driving. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

actually · adverb /ˈæk.tʃu.ə.li/Full view
actually (TRUTH)
A2 used when you are emphasizing what is really true or what really happened
Dictionary examples:

I don't actually like seafood.

So what actually happened?

Learner example:

Last night I w[as] at your house and I think I have left my purse there. It's actually quite important because my Identi[ty] Card is inside. (Key English Test; A2; Chinese)

actually (SURPRISE)
B1 used when you are emphasizing something surprising
Dictionary examples:

A friend of mine from university was actually at the same concert - I hadn't seen her for years!

Don't tell me he actually paid for you? You are honoured!

Learner example:

It was so cool, man! They had actually built a good skate park with a pool, a halfpipe, a funbox, several rails and of course many ramps. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

actually (OPPOSITE)
B2 used when you are correcting someone, disagreeing with someone, or saying no to a request
Dictionary examples:

Actually, Gavin, it was Tuesday of last week, not Wednesday.

"You didn't tell me about needing the car." "Actually, I did."

"Do you mind if I smoke?" "Actually, I'd rather you didn't."

Learner example:

Actually, TORRENTS was [the] second group [at the festival]. I think you probably missed the first performance [in] which KING CUP sang. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

ad · noun C /æd/Full view
ad
B1 an advertisement
Dictionary example:

I saw an ad for a part-time job that you might like.

Learner example:

The ad mentions this is a temporary job, up to 6 months and part-time or full-time. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

adapt · verb /əˈdæpt/Full view
adapt (CHANGE BEHAVIOUR)
B2 I to change your behaviour so that it is suitable for a new situation
Dictionary example:

It takes time to adapt to a new working environment.

Learner example:

I and my parents easily adapted to London, [and] to English people. (First Certificate in English; B2; Turkish)

adapt (CHANGE SOMETHING)
B2 T to change something so that it is suitable for a different use or situation
Dictionary examples:

Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.

Davies is busy adapting Brinkworth's latest novel for television.

Learner example:

In my opinion, as the town is not so big it will be enough to adapt the two areas outside the town walls and to use them for car parking. (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

adaptation · noun C or U /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/Full view
adaptation
C1 the process or act of changing to suit a new situation
Dictionary example:

Evolution occurs as a result of adaptation to new environments.

Learner example:

This varies from one person to another, it depends on everyone's priorities and degree of adaptation [to] their new communities. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Arabic)

add · verb /æd/Full view
Nouns: addition
Adjectives: additional
Verbs: add
Adverbs: additionally
add (PUT WITH)
A2 T to put something with something else
Dictionary examples:

Beat the butter and sugar together and slowly add the eggs.

She's added a Picasso to her collection.

Learner example:

When we have [a] special day we also cook manto, which is made from meat, vegetables [and] bread. You must [pour some mint juice on top] and to be more delic[ious], you must add chili. (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Others)

add (CALCULATE)
A2 T to put two or more numbers or amounts together to get a total
Dictionary examples:

If you add three and four you get seven.

The restaurant will add 10% to your bill for service.

Learner example:

My maths teacher is going to give me 5 marks which will be added [to] my exam [result]. (Key English Test; A2; Hindi)

add (SAY MORE)
B1 T to say another thing
Dictionary example:

She was sad, she said, but added that she felt she had made the right decision.

Learner example:

The guide told us they called [it] Swan Lake because there are lots of swans and added that the swans come from all over the country. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Turkish)

add insult to injury
C2 to make someone's bad situation worse by doing something else to upset them
Dictionary example:

To add insult to injury, we had to pay for the damage!

Learner example:

To add insult to injury, such an approach often turns out to be counterproductive. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

add to sth
B2 to make a feeling or quality more extreme
Dictionary example:

Her colleagues' laughter only added to her embarrassment.

Learner example:

To add to the bitterness, I had my right hand broken. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

add up (sth) or add (sth) up
B1 to calculate the total of two or more numbers
Dictionary examples:

If you add those four figures up, it comes to over £500.

I'm not very good at adding up!

addict · noun C /ˈæd.ɪkt/Full view
addict
B2 a person who cannot stop doing or using something, especially something harmful
Dictionary examples:

a drug/heroin addict

a gambling addict

I'm a chocolate/shopping addict.

Learner example:

I like TV, I watch it but luckily I haven't become a TV addict yet. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

addicted · adjective /əˈdɪk.tɪd/Full view
addicted (DRUGS)
B2 not able to stop taking a drug
Dictionary example:

He later became addicted to heroin.

Learner example:

One day my uncle called and told me a story of a boy who was addicted to drugs. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

addicted (LIKING)
B2 liking something very much
Dictionary example:

He's addicted to chocolate/football.

Learner example:

However, I believe that some people are addicted to computer games and that is not good. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

addiction · noun C or U /əˈdɪk.ʃən/Full view
addiction
B2 when you cannot stop doing or taking something because you are addicted to it
Dictionary examples:

drug addiction

an addiction to alcohol

His addiction to computer games means he is spending far too much time indoors.

Learner example:

Sending text messages is an addiction which every teenager is obsessed with. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

addictive · adjective /əˈdɪk.tɪv/Full view
addictive
C1 If something is addictive, it makes you want more of it so that you become addicted.
Dictionary examples:

Tobacco is highly addictive.

The problem with computer games is that they're addictive.

Learner example:

Serial dramas are addictive - it is not unknown for whole countries to come to a standstill because an important re[vel]ation will be made on television. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Singhalese)

addition · noun /əˈdɪʃ.ən/Full view
Nouns: addition
Adjectives: additional
Verbs: add
Adverbs: additionally
in addition (to)
B1 as well (as)
Dictionary example:

In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.

Learner example:

In addition, I saw a wonderful programme about Aborigines. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

addition (NEW THING)
B2 C a new or extra thing which is added to something
Dictionary example:

Defender Matt Smith is the latest addition to the team.

Learner example:

There is only one more thing missing: it would be great if there was popcorn provided. I am sure that would be a good addition for everyone. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swiss German)

addition (NUMBERS/AMOUNTS)
B2 U the process of adding numbers or amounts together in order to get a total
Dictionary example:

Twice a week the children are tested in basic mathematical skills such as addition and subtraction.

additional · adjective /əˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/Full view
Nouns: addition
Adjectives: additional
Verbs: add
Adverbs: additionally
additional
B2 extra
Dictionary examples:

additional costs/problems

There will be an extra charge for any additional passengers.

Learner example:

I do have some additional questions for you. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

additionally · adverb /əˈdɪʃ.ən.əl.i/Full view
Nouns: addition
Adjectives: additional
Verbs: add
Adverbs: additionally
additionally
B2 in addition
Dictionary example:

Additionally, we request a deposit of $200 in advance.

Learner example:

Additionally, I am very interested in helping an organization that's trying to protect [the] environment. (First Certificate in English; B2; Mongolian)

address · noun C /əˈdres/Full view
address (BUILDING DETAILS)
A1 the details of where a building is, including the building number, road name, town, etc.
Dictionary examples:

her business/home address

a change of address

Learner example:

Pl[ease] tell me your address. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Kurdish)

address (ELECTRONIC)
A1 a series of letters, numbers or punctuation marks referring to a website or email destination
Dictionary example:

Do you have their Web address?

Learner example:

P.S [This] is my new e-mail address: xxxxxxxxx (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Polish)

address · verb T /əˈdres/
address (DEAL WITH)
C1 to deal with a problem
Dictionary example:

We have to address the issue/problem before it gets worse.

Learner example:

On balance, I would say that increasing the price of petrol to solve traffic and pollution problems is certainly a viable, although maybe not the best, way to address the issue. (International English Language Testing System; C1; German)

address (SPEAK)
C2 to speak to someone, or to give a speech to an audience
Dictionary example:

Today she will be addressing a major conference in London.

Learner example:

He inhaled deeply before addressing the group again. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Chinese)

address (BUILDING DETAILS)
C2 to write a name and address on an envelope or parcel
Dictionary example:

A parcel arrived addressed to Emma.

Learner example:

The envelope was addressed to Kathleen. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Japanese)

adequate · adjective /ˈæd.ə.kwət/Full view
adequate (ENOUGH)
B2 enough
Dictionary examples:

I didn't have adequate time to prepare.

Will future oil supplies be adequate to meet world needs?

Learner example:

I hope the information I gave is adequate. (First Certificate in English; B2; Turkish)

adequate (GOOD ENOUGH)
B2 good enough, but not very good
Dictionary examples:

The sound quality isn't brilliant but it's adequate for everyday use.

The council's provision for the elderly is barely adequate.

Learner example:

In my opinion, animals should only be kept in a zoo that provide[s] adequate living conditions and sufficient room. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

adequately · adverb /ˈæd.ə.kwət.li/Full view
adequately
B2 in an adequate way
Dictionary example:

While some patients can be adequately cared for at home, others are best served by care in a hospital.

adjacent · adjective /əˈdʒeɪ.sənt/Full view
adjacent
C2 If two things are adjacent, they are next to each other.
Dictionary examples:

The fire started in an adjacent building.

They live in a house adjacent to the railway.

Learner example:

Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to you with regard to the recent proposal of the City Council to build a supermarket on land that is currently a local park, namely Cranleigh Gardens, adjacent to the Cranleigh housing estate, where I live. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

adjective · noun C /ˈædʒ.ek.tɪv/Full view
adjective
A2 a word that describes a noun or pronoun
Dictionary example:

'Big', 'boring', 'purple', 'quick' and 'obvious' are all adjectives.

adjust · verb /əˈdʒʌst/Full view
adjust (CHANGE)
B2 T to change something slightly so that it works better, fits better, or is more suitable
Dictionary examples:

If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.

As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of different children.

Learner example:

I had to clean the lenses, prepare the tapes, and adjust the sound. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

adjust (CHANGE BEHAVIOUR)
B2 I to change the way you behave or think in order to suit a new situation
Dictionary example:

They found it hard to adjust to life in a new country.

Learner example:

People will be able to adjust and change with the times. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

adjustment · noun C or U /əˈdʒʌst.mənt/Full view
adjustment
B2 a small change that you make to something so that it works better, fits better, or is more suitable
Dictionary examples:

We've made a few adjustments to the schedule.

I have a few minor adjustments to make.

Learner example:

I have some questions and a minor adjustment to make. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

administration · noun U /ədˌmɪn.ɪˈstreɪ.ʃən/Full view
administration
C1 the work of organizing and arranging the operation of something, such as a company
Dictionary example:

The job involves a lot of administration.

Learner example:

For schools, it is much easier in terms of administration. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Chinese)

administrative · adjective /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.strə.tɪv/Full view
administrative
C1 relating to the organization and management of something
Dictionary example:

The work is largely administrative.

Learner example:

The engineers and administrative staff must be able to work in both English and French whereas German would be an asset. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

administrator · noun C /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.streɪ.tər/Full view
administrator
C1 someone who helps to manage an organization
Dictionary example:

She is an administrator at the hospital.

Learner example:

As a[n] ex-army officer and an administrator in an international firm, I am learning to work as a member of a team. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

admiration · noun U /ˌæd.məˈreɪ.ʃən/Full view
Nouns: admiration, admirer
Adjectives: admirable
Verbs: admire
Adverbs: admirably
admiration
B2 when you admire someone or something
Dictionary examples:

My admiration for that woman grows daily.

She gazed in admiration at his broad, muscular shoulders.

Learner example:

All over the world there are so many people who deserve admiration. (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

admire · verb T /ədˈmaɪər/Full view
Nouns: admiration, admirer
Adjectives: admirable
Verbs: admire
Adverbs: admirably
admire (LOOK AT)
B1 to find someone or something attractive and pleasant to look at
Dictionary examples:

I was just admiring your jacket, Delia.

We stood for a few moments, admiring the view.

Learner example:

It was a sunny day, luck[i]ly, so I was able to admire the lake and the Marmolada, the highest mountain in [the] Dolomit[es]. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

admire (RESPECT)
B2 to respect or approve of someone or something
Dictionary examples:

I admired him for his determination.

I really admire people who can work in such difficult conditions.

Learner example:

The person I admire most, however, is my father. (First Certificate in English; B2; German)

admission · noun /ədˈmɪʃ.ən/Full view
admission (MONEY)
B1 U the money that you pay to enter a place or an event
Dictionary examples:

Art exhibition - free admission.

They are charging more for admission to the festival this year.

Learner example:

We believe that [this] is a great opportunity because [it] is one of the best shows of the year, and the best part is that the admission is free for students. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

admission (PERMISSION)
B2 C or U when someone is given permission to enter somewhere or to become a member of a club, university, etc.
Dictionary example:

She's applied for admission to law school.

Learner example:

I was wondering whether you could send me some information [about] the rules of admission to the club. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

admit · verb /ədˈmɪt/Full view
admit
B1 I or T to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly
Dictionary examples:

He admitted his guilt/mistake.

She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.

I wasn't entirely honest with him, I admit, but I didn't actually tell him any lies.

Learner example:

I have to admit I love lions, but while I was watching the programme, I was afraid. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

admittedly · adverb /ədˈmɪt.ɪd.li/Full view
admittedly
B2 used when you are agreeing that something is true although you do not want to
Dictionary example:

Admittedly, I could have tried harder but I still don't think all this criticism is fair.

Learner example:

Admittedly, using your car is more convenient and easier [than] using public transport but in my opinion, the advantages of using public transport outweigh the disadvantages it can cause. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

adolescent · noun C /ˌæd.əlˈe.sənt/Full view
adolescent
C2 a young person who is between being a child and an adult
Dictionary example:

Many adolescents are secretive.

Learner example:

Children become adolescents with more freedom and yet more responsibilities. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Bulgarian)

adopt · verb /əˈdɒpt/Full view
adopt (TAKE CHILD)
B2 I or T to legally become the parents of someone else's child
Dictionary examples:

They've adopted a baby girl.

She had the child adopted.

Learner example:

She isn't my biological mother, she adopted me when I was a baby. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

adopt (START)
B2 T to accept or start to use something new
Dictionary examples:

We've adopted a new approach to the problem.

The new tax would force companies to adopt energy-saving measures.

He's adopted a remarkably light-hearted attitude towards the situation.

Learner example:

I believe that we must continue to adopt his ideas. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

adopted · adjective /əˈdɒp.tɪd/Full view
adopted
B2 legally taken by another family to be looked after as their own child
Dictionary example:

They've got two adopted children and one of their own.

adoption · noun C or U /əˈdɒp.ʃən/Full view
adoption
B2 the process of legally becoming the parents of someone else's child
Dictionary example:

She couldn't have children, so they were considering adoption.

adult · noun C /ˈæd.ʌlt/Full view
adult
A1 a person or animal that has grown to full size and strength
Dictionary example:

Adults pay an admission charge but children get in free.

Learner example:

Dear Jo, The class day is Wednesday for children (8-16[s]) and Tuesday for adults. (Key English Test; A2; Catalan)

adult · adjective always before noun /ˈæd.ʌlt/
adult (FOR ADULTS)
A2 for or relating to adults
Dictionary examples:

adult education

She spent most of her adult life in prison.

Learner example:

[After the wedding,] we go to a restaurant to celebrate. There are two t[y]pes of menu, the adult one, and [the one] for the children. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

adult (NOT A CHILD)
C1 having finished growing
Dictionary example:

an adult male rat

Learner example:

Tony Soprano is the bad kid [in] every adult male. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Romanian)

advance · noun /ədˈvɑːnts/Full view
in advance
B1 before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing
Dictionary example:

If you're going to come, please let me know in advance.

Learner example:

Don't forget to book in advance bec[a]use as you can imagine, everyone goes away from the city during the summer holiday! (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

advance
B2 C or U new discoveries and inventions
Dictionary examples:

technological/scientific advances

Our lives have been improved by the many recent advances in computer technology.

the advance of modern medicine

Learner example:

I guess science is about solving our daily problems with technological advances. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

advanced · adjective /ədˈvɑːntst/Full view
advanced (HIGHER LEVEL)
A2 at a higher, more difficult level
Dictionary example:

an advanced English course

Learner example:

I just couldn't stay with my old classmates because they were too slow and I needed a more advanced group. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

advanced (MODERN)
B1 modern and well developed
Dictionary examples:

advanced technology

This is the most advanced type of engine available.

Learner example:

We are living in the 21st century where everybody is surrounded by advanced technological methods. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

advantage · noun /ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/Full view
Nouns: advantage, disadvantage
Adjectives: advantageous, disadvantaged
advantage (USEFUL THING)
B1 C or U something good about a situation that helps you
Dictionary examples:

The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.

For a goalkeeper, it's a great advantage to have big hands.

Learner example:

The main advantage is that there are so many places to visit like museums, old streets in the city centre, churches and cathedrals. (Preliminary English Test; B1; French)

take advantage of sth
B1 to use something good in a situation to help you
Dictionary example:

I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm here.

Learner example:

If you take advantage of this opportunity, in the future you'll thank me. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

take advantage of sb/sth
B2 to treat someone or something badly in order to get what you want
Dictionary example:

I think she takes advantage of his good nature.

Learner example:

There will always be the threat of those men who take advantage of animals' inferior status. (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

advantage (SUCCESS)
B2 C or U something that will help you to succeed
Dictionary example:

These new routes will give the airline the advantage over its competitors.

adventure · noun C or U /ədˈven.tʃər/Full view
adventure
A2 an exciting and sometimes dangerous experience
Dictionary examples:

It's a film about the adventures of two friends travelling through Africa.

We got lost on the Metro - it was quite an adventure.

Learner example:

My favo[u]rite present was a [trip] to Egypt. I like it because I will have adventures and be [able to] explore other countries. (Key English Test; A2; Catalan)

adventurous · adjective /ədˈven.tʃər.əs/Full view
adventurous
B2 willing to try new and often difficult or dangerous things
Dictionary examples:

I'm trying to be more adventurous with my cooking.

She led an adventurous life.

Learner example:

I think it's better for us to sleep in tents because it'll be more adventurous than staying in rooms. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

adverb · noun C /ˈæd.vɜːb/Full view
adverb
A2 a word which describes or gives more information about a verb, adjective, another adverb or a phrase
Dictionary example:

In the phrase 'she smiled cheerfully', the word 'cheerfully' is an adverb.

adverse · adjective /ˈæd.vɜːs/Full view
adverse conditions/effect(s)/impact
C2 things that cause problems or danger
Dictionary examples:

adverse weather conditions

Pollution levels like these will certainly have an adverse effect on health.

The price rise had an adverse impact on sales.

Learner example:

However, we should bear in mind that tourism could have an adverse effect on the local environment. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

advert · noun C /ˈæd.vɜːt/Full view
advert
B1 an advertisement
Dictionary example:

an advert for the local radio station

Learner example:

I read an advert in the newspaper about that new club called "Click". (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

advertise · verb /ˈæd.və.taɪz/Full view
Nouns: advertisement, advertiser, advertising
Verbs: advertise
advertise (TRY TO SELL)
B1 I or T to tell people about a product or service in newspapers, on television, on the Internet, etc.
Dictionary example:

Companies are not allowed to advertise cigarettes on television any more.

Learner example:

On this bus we can advertise [the] village's best products. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

advertise (ASK FOR)
B1 I to put information in a newspaper, on the Internet, etc. asking for someone or something that you need
Dictionary example:

The university is advertising for catering staff.

Learner example:

Dear Sir/Madam, I wish to apply for the post of helper which was advertised on the college noticeboard last Monday. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

advertisement · noun C /ədˈvɜː.tɪs.mənt/Full view
Nouns: advertisement, advertiser, advertising
Verbs: advertise
advertisement
A2 a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service
Dictionary examples:

a television/newspaper advertisement

an advertisement for a new car

She scanned the job advertisements in the paper.

Learner example:

Hi Jo, I've seen an advertisement for a job that might interest you at the music shop near the park. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

advertising · noun U /ˈæd.və.taɪ.zɪŋ/Full view
Nouns: advertisement, advertiser, advertising
Verbs: advertise
advertising
B2 the business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services
Dictionary examples:

Fiona works in advertising.

the advertising industry

Learner example:

Some weeks ago, she was hired by a famous advertising company, widely known for its ironic ads. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

advice · noun U /ədˈvaɪs/Full view
Nouns: advice, adviser
Adjectives: advisable, inadvisable, advisory
Verbs: advise
advice
A2 suggestions about what you think someone should do or how they should do something
Dictionary examples:

Steven gave me some good advice.

I think I'll take your advice and get the green dress.

Can I give you a piece of advice?

I need some advice on which computer to buy.

My advice is to go by train.

Learner example:

I need advice from you because I am not sure what colour I want. (Key English Test; A2; Czech)

advise · verb /ədˈvaɪz/Full view
Nouns: advice, adviser
Adjectives: advisable, inadvisable, advisory
Verbs: advise
advise
B1 I or T to make a suggestion about what you think someone should do or how they should do something
Dictionary examples:

I think I'd advise him to leave the company.

I'd strongly advise against making a sudden decision.

They're advising that children be kept out of the sun altogether.

I'd advise waiting until tomorrow.

She advised us when to come.

Learner example:

I advise you to go there and have a good time. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Polish)

adviser · noun C /ədˈvaɪ.zər/Full view
Nouns: advice, adviser
Adjectives: advisable, inadvisable, advisory
Verbs: advise
adviser
C1 someone whose job is to give advice about a subject
Dictionary example:

a financial adviser

Learner example:

Some of our financial advisers could provide your students [with] the latest methods used in Accounting and in developing new business projects. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Romanian)

advocate · verb T /ˈæd.və.keɪt/Full view
advocate
C2 to express support for a particular idea or way of doing things
Dictionary example:

I certainly wouldn't advocate the use of violence.

Learner example:

Just like Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated non-violent methods of struggle, Picasso struggled against fascism [by] peaceful means, namely with his art. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

advocate · noun C /ˈæd.və.kət/
advocate
C2 someone who supports a particular idea or way of doing things
Dictionary example:

He has always been an advocate of space exploration.

Learner example:

Advocates of international tourism subscribe to the view that mass tourism offer[s] benefits to the whole community. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Spanish)

aeroplane · noun C /ˈeə.rə.pleɪn/Full view
aeroplane
A2 a vehicle that flies and has at least one engine and wings
Dictionary example:

She has her own private aeroplane.

Learner example:

I'm going to travel by aeroplane. (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

affair · noun /əˈfeər/Full view
affair (RELATIONSHIP)
B2 C a sexual relationship, especially a secret one
Dictionary examples:

She's having an affair with a married man.

The book doesn't make any mention of his love affairs.

Learner example:

I met a very handsome man and my husband had a little love affair with a very pretty girl there, but we forgave each other. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

affair (SITUATION)
B2 C a situation or set of related events, especially bad ones
Dictionary examples:

The government's handling of the affair has been widely criticized.

He refused to discuss his financial affairs.

Learner example:

To make matters worse, people gossiped about me and tried to find out more and more about my private affairs, which made me feel embarrassed. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

affect · verb T /əˈfekt/Full view
affect (CAUSE CHANGE)
B2 to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change
Dictionary examples:

The divorce affected every aspect of her life.

Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.

Learner example:

The telephone is a very important invention, which has affected our lives. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

affect (CAUSE EMOTION)
B2 often passive to cause a strong emotion, especially sadness
Dictionary example:

I was deeply affected by the film.

Learner example:

When the fo[u]rth song, 'Rebel[l]ion' started, I was deeply affected by the r[h]ythm. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

affection · noun C or U /əˈfek.ʃən/Full view
affection
B2 a feeling of liking or loving a person or place
Dictionary examples:

He had a deep affection for his aunt.

She felt no affection for the child.

Learner example:

In addition she loves me very much and she offers a lot of affection to me when I face a difficult situation with my job. (First Certificate in English; B2; )

affectionate · adjective /əˈfek.ʃən.ət/Full view
affectionate
C2 showing that you like or love someone
Dictionary examples:

an affectionate child

He's very affectionate.

Learner example:

She is attentive and affectionate, but most of all she is a sweet mother. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

affluent · adjective /ˈæf.lu.ənt/Full view
affluent
C1 having a lot of money
Dictionary example:

affluent families/nations/neighbourhoods

Learner example:

Children who come from poor families are more mature and responsible than those children coming from affluent families. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Tagalog)

afford · verb /əˈfɔːd/Full view
can afford
B1 to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time
Dictionary examples:

I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary.

Few people are able to afford cars like that.

I'd love to go away for a few days but I can't afford the time.

I can't afford to buy a house.

Learner example:

Unfortunately, I can't afford it now, but Christmas is coming, so I can ask my parents for a stereo for Christmas, but I'm not sure if they will agree or not. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Russian)

cannot afford
C2 If you cannot afford to do something, it is impossible for you to do it without causing problems.
Dictionary example:

We can't afford to take that risk.

Learner example:

We cannot afford to lose our national and global identity. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

affordable · adjective /əˈfɔː.də.bl ̩/Full view
affordable
C1 cheap enough for most people to be able to buy
Dictionary example:

We need more affordable housing in this area.

Learner example:

They are very pleased with the affordable fares, however they are more inclined to comfort. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

afraid · adjective always after verb /əˈfreɪd/Full view
I'm afraid...
A2 used to politely introduce bad news or to politely disagree with someone
Dictionary examples:

I'm afraid (that) we can't come this evening after all.

This is your room - it's rather small, I'm afraid.

I'm afraid I disagree with you there.

I don't agree at all, I'm afraid.

Learner example:

Hi! I'm afraid that last night I left my phone in your home. (Key English Test; A2; Bulgarian)

afraid (FEAR)
A2 frightened
Dictionary examples:

He was/felt suddenly afraid.

She's afraid of water.

Learner example:

I'm afraid of height[s]. (Key English Test; A2; Turkish)

afraid (WORRIED)
B1 worried that something bad might happen
Dictionary examples:

Many people are afraid (that) they might lose their jobs.

She's afraid of upsetting Clare.

Learner example:

If I go shopping [for] clothes as a gift for children, I'm usually afraid of buying [the wrong] size. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Czech)

after · preposition /ˈɑːf.tər/Full view
after (TIME/EVENT)
A1 when a time or event has happened
Dictionary examples:

Shall we go for a walk after breakfast?

We had a chat after the meeting.

Let's get the shopping. After that, we can stop for a coffee.

After a while, I began to like him.

His birthday is exactly a week after mine.

It was so boring, I left after ten minutes.

Learner example:

You can go shopping, eat [a tasty] meal and after that you can go to the disco and dance all night. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

after (PAST A PLACE)
A2 when you have gone past a particular place
Dictionary examples:

Turn left after the hotel.

You want the turning on the right just after the police station.

Learner example:

You can go to a wonderful place near here, The Great Falls. This is a very good place because you can [do] extreme sports. It is just after the town, on Main Road. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

after (ORDER)
A2 following in order
Dictionary example:

H comes after G in the alphabet.

after (FOLLOWING)
B1 following someone or something
Dictionary example:

We ran after him but he escaped.

Learner example:

I ran after the bus and shouted to her 'hurry up!' (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

after all
B1 used to add information that shows that what you have just said is true
Dictionary example:

You can't expect to be perfect - after all, it was only your first lesson.

Learner example:

I stopped talking with my friends, but not [for long] - after all, we are friends. Anyway, I'm planning nice things for the next April 1st. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

day after day/year after year, etc.
B1 happening every day/year, etc. over a long period
Dictionary example:

We went to the same part of France for our holidays year after year.

Learner example:

And there she was, day after day, walking in the rain... (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

after (BECAUSE OF)
B2 because of something that happened
Dictionary example:

I'll never trust her again after what she did to me.

Learner example:

I really needed those days after what I've been through this spring. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

after (DESPITE)
C1 despite
Dictionary example:

I can't believe he was so rude to you after all the help you've given him!

Learner example:

But, even after earning more in 2001, the women still do not earn as much [as] men on average earned (£20,363) in 1997. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Gujarati)

after all
C1 used to say that something happened or was true although you did not expect it to happen or be true
Dictionary example:

Helen couldn't come to the party after all.

Learner example:

Cars still enter the city so there will be pollution after all. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

after (NAMED FOR)
C2 used when giving someone or something the same name as another person or thing
Dictionary example:

It was called the Biko building, after the famous South African.

Learner example:

I called her Lena after my sister. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

after · adverb /ˈɑːf.tər/
after
A2 later than someone or something else
Dictionary examples:

Hilary got here at midday and Nicholas arrived soon after.

I can't go next week - how about the week after?

Learner example:

Hi Joe, I would love to see the film with you. We must have dinner after. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

after · conjunction /ˈɑːf.tər/
after
B1 at a later time than something else happens
Dictionary examples:

Soon/shortly after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise.

I went to the post office straight/immediately after I left you.

Learner example:

I hope we will meet soon after I come back home. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Romanian)

afternoon · noun C or U /ˌɑːf.təˈnuːn/Full view
afternoon
A1 the time between the middle of the day and the evening
Dictionary examples:

It was a sunny afternoon.

She works three afternoons a week at the library.

Let's go to the park this afternoon.

She's coming round on Wednesday afternoon.

He's been in a bad mood all afternoon.

Learner example:

She cooks every afternoon. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; French)

afterwards · adverb /ˈɑːf.tə.wədz/Full view
afterwards
A2 at a later time, after something else has happened
Dictionary examples:

We had tea, and afterwards we sat in the garden for a while.

They separated, and soon/shortly afterwards Jane left the country.

Learner example:

Why don't we go for a pizza afterwards? (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

again · adverb /əˈgeɪn/Full view
again (ONE MORE TIME)
A1 once more
Dictionary examples:

Could you spell your name again, please?

Throw it away and start again.

Learner example:

Thank you again. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Hungarian)

again (AS BEFORE)
A2 as before
Dictionary example:

Get some rest and you'll soon be well again.

Learner example:

Unfortunately, it started to rain when we were leaving the town, but five minutes later the weather became warm again. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

again and again
B1 many times
Dictionary example:

He played the same song again and again.

Learner example:

I read it again and again and was more and more surprised. (Preliminary English Test; B1; French)

once again
B1 again
Dictionary example:

Once again I'm left with all the washing-up!

Learner example:

Once again I'm sorry. (Preliminary English Test; B1; French)

all over again
B2 repeated from the beginning
Dictionary example:

We had to start all over again.

Learner example:

After that I went back to my home in Ribeirao Preto to begin my routine all over again. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

yet again
B2 again after something has happened or been done many times before
Dictionary example:

The bus was late yet again.

Learner example:

Tom, thank you so much yet again for your interest. This talk is very important to me and to count on you is an honour for our college. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

then/there again
C2 used when adding a fact to something you have just said
Dictionary example:

I failed my history test - but then again, I didn't do much studying for it.

Learner example:

The fact that people live longer nowadays does have some advantages, but then again it also causes a lot of problems. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

against · preposition /əˈgentst/Full view
against (COMPETING)
A2 competing with or opposing someone or something
Dictionary example:

Germany are playing against Brazil in the final tonight.

Learner example:

I like it very much because I can play it [o]n the Internet with all of my friends and I can also form a team to play against other teams in tournaments. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

against (TOUCHING)
A2 next to and touching something
Dictionary example:

Why don't we put the bed against the wall?

Learner example:

On your left there is a large window and on the right there is a desk between the two cupboards, they are against the wall. (Preliminary English Test; B1; french)

against (OPPOSITE DIRECTION)
B1 in the opposite direction to
Dictionary example:

Commuting is not so bad when you are travelling against the traffic.

Learner example:

We had to fight against the wind and the rain. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

against (NOT AGREE)
B2 disagreeing with a plan or activity
Dictionary examples:

She spoke against the decision to close the college.

Are you for or against the proposal?

Learner example:

It is very hard to keep [a] dog because it makes too much noise and so my Mum is against it. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

against the law
B2 forbidden by a law
Dictionary example:

It's against the law to leave a young child alone in the house.

Learner example:

Until that moment, Mary thought [he]r uncle and his friends were smugglers and were doing things against the law. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

have sth against sb/sth
C1 to have a reason not to like someone or something
Dictionary example:

I've got nothing against him personally, I just don't think he's the right man for the job.

Learner example:

If you have nothing against taking public transport, I suggest taking a bus. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

against sb's advice/wishes, etc.
C2 If you do something against someone's advice, wishes, etc., you do it although they have said you should not or must not.
Dictionary examples:

He flew there against his doctor's advice.

She sold the house even though it was against his wishes.

Learner example:

He was a very ambitious student who wasn't afraid to develop ideas in unconventional ways and pursue his research even against the advice of his supervisors. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

against all (the) odds
C2 If you do or achieve something against all the odds, you succeed although you were not likely to.
Dictionary example:

We won the game against all odds.

Learner example:

The stormy waters and heavy winds were a great challenge, and almost deemed it impossible for me to succeed, but against all odds I managed to defeat my fears. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

age · noun /eɪdʒ/Full view
age (HOW OLD)
A1 C or U the number of years that someone has lived, or that something has existed
Dictionary examples:

I'd guess she's about my age.

We're the same age.

She was 74 years of age when she wrote her first novel.

He left home at the age of 16.

The show appeals to people of all ages.

Learner example:

She is the same age as me. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Slovak)

age (PERIOD)
B1 C a particular period of history
Dictionary examples:

the modern age

the nuclear age

Learner example:

I'm going to see "Ice age", it's a good comedy. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Polish)

age (OLD)
C2 U the state of being old or becoming old
Dictionary examples:

He is starting to show his age.

Some wines improve with age.

Learner example:

Usually, as the saying goes, we grow wiser with age. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; French)

at the tender age of 8/17/25, etc.
C2 at the young age of 8/17/25, etc
Dictionary example:

She first appeared on stage at the tender age of 14.

Learner example:

She met my father at the tender age of 14, and she soon knew that this was the man she wanted to stay with for the rest of her life. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Danish)

aged · adjective /eɪdʒd/Full view
aged
A2 of the age of
Dictionary example:

They've got one daughter, Isabel, aged 3.

Learner example:

Dear teacher, I certainly would like a pen-friend, a girl aged 14 in Britain [would be best]. (Key English Test; A2; Chinese)

agency · noun C /ˈeɪ.dʒənt.si/Full view
agency (BUSINESS)
B1 a business that provides a service
Dictionary example:

an advertising/employment/estate/travel agency

Learner example:

As you know I am employed in a travel agency and last week I started my new English class. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

agency (ORGANIZATION)
C1 an international organization or government department
Dictionary example:

an international development agency

Learner example:

Television conveys the weather forecasts and any warnings issued by the government agencies, such as flood alerts. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Tamil)

agenda · noun C /əˈdʒen.də/Full view
agenda (MEETING)
C1 a list of subjects that people will discuss at a meeting
Dictionary example:

There are several items on the agenda.

Learner example:

Your memo was one of the points on the agenda for last week's meeting. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Danish)

agenda (IMPORTANT SUBJECTS)
C2 important subjects that have to be dealt with
Dictionary example:

The issue of rail safety is back on the political agenda.

Learner example:

Postponing the age of retirement is not a realistic solution either, in view of the fact that there are more than 20 million unemployed people in the European Union. The matter has only recently been put on the agenda, and nobody seems to know what to do. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

agent · noun C /ˈeɪ.dʒənt/Full view
agent (BUSINESS)
B2 someone whose job is to deal with business for someone else
Dictionary example:

Please contact our agent in Spain for further information.

Learner example:

I hope the agent will sell it soon. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

agent (SECRET INFORMATION)
B2 someone who tries to find out secret information, especially about another country
Dictionary example:

a secret agent

Learner example:

She interrupted and told the man that she was a secret agent. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

ages · noun plural /ˈeɪdʒ.ɪz/Full view
ages
B1 a very long time
Dictionary example:

I've been waiting here for ages.

Learner example:

I feel like I've been here for ages. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Croatian)

aggression · noun U /əˈgreʃ.ən/Full view
aggression
C1 angry or violent behaviour towards someone
Dictionary example:

an act of aggression

Learner example:

However, it can turn into [a] terrible form of violence and aggression, where the very sense of competition is forgotten and only wild instincts prevail. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Turkish)

aggressive · adjective /əˈgres.ɪv/Full view
aggressive (VIOLENT)
B2 behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person
Dictionary examples:

aggressive behaviour

If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and starts shouting.

Learner example:

At such moments he became angry and aggressive. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

aggressive (DETERMINED)
C1 using forceful methods and determined to succeed
Dictionary example:

an aggressive marketing campaign

Learner example:

Our competitors pursue a more aggressive marketing strategy, despite the fact [that] they offer inferior products. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Italian)

aggressively · adverb /əˈgres.ɪv.li/Full view
aggressively
B2 in an aggressive way
Dictionary examples:

Small children often behave aggressively.

They played more aggressively in the second half.

ago · adverb /əˈgəʊ/Full view
ago
A2 used to refer to a time in the past
Dictionary examples:

He left the house over an hour ago.

We left London ten years ago.

About five months ago, I got a letter from him.

The dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.

Learner example:

Two months ago I booked a trip to Malta. (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Russian)

long ago
C1 If something happened long ago, it happened a great amount of time ago.
Dictionary examples:

I think we met once, long ago.

It was not long ago that I last saw him.

Learner example:

Not so long ago, you could ring each Dutch doorbell of your choice at 6 pm and you'd f[i]nd the whole family gathered around the kitchen table, having their supper. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

agree · verb /əˈgriː/Full view
Nouns: agreement, disagreement
Adjectives: agreeable
Verbs: agree, disagree
Adverbs: agreeably
agree (SAME OPINION)
A2 I or T to have the same opinion as someone
Dictionary examples:

I agree with you.

My father and I don't agree about/on very much.

We all agreed that mistakes had been made.

"You're absolutely right," agreed Jake.

Learner example:

Do you agree with me? (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

agree (DECIDE)
B1 I or T to decide something with someone
Dictionary examples:

We agreed to meet on Sunday.

We couldn't agree on what to buy.

Learner example:

I met him when I travelled to Greece last year and we agreed to meet this year in Switzerland. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Swiss German)

agree (SAY YES)
B2 I to say you will do something that someone asks you to
Dictionary examples:

She agreed to help him.

The bank has agreed to lend me £5000.

Learner example:

When I came home, I told my mother everything and she agreed to put him up. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

agree (BE THE SAME)
C1 I If two descriptions, statements, etc. agree, they are the same.
Dictionary examples:

Her notes do not agree with what I remember happening.

Does the information in the two reports agree?

Learner example:

This does not agree with the intentions of our Programme. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

agree with sth
B2 to think that something is morally acceptable
Dictionary example:

I don't agree with hunting.

Learner example:

I don't agree with keeping animals in zoos; I think that it's cruel and unnecessary. (First Certificate in English; B2; Catalan)

agreement · noun /əˈgriː.mənt/Full view
Nouns: agreement, disagreement
Adjectives: agreeable
Verbs: agree, disagree
Adverbs: agreeably
agreement (DECISION)
B2 C a promise or decision made between two or more groups or people
Dictionary examples:

an agreement with the company

an agreement between both parties

It was difficult to reach an agreement.

The government has signed an international agreement on climate change.

They have broken the agreement on human rights.

Learner example:

There was an attempt to cut down on using and producing sprays which destroy the ozon[e] layer [and] an international agreement was signed. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

agreement (SAME OPINION)
B2 U when people have the same opinion or have made the same decision
Dictionary examples:

Are we all in agreement?

There was broad agreement about/on what to do.

Learner example:

With your agreement we could change the programme. (First Certificate in English; B2; Catalan)

agriculture · noun U /ˈæg.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər/Full view
agriculture
B2 farming
Dictionary examples:

Agriculture is still largely based on traditional methods in some countries.

The area depends on agriculture for most of its income.

Learner example:

People who live in big cities suffer from air pollu[t]ion and noise, and vill[a]gers suffer from chemicals us[ed] for agriculture. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

ahead · adverb /əˈhed/Full view
ahead (IN FRONT)
B1 in front
Dictionary example:

Turn left at the traffic lights, and you'll see the hospital straight ahead.

Learner example:

Behind our school there was a beautiful forest and if you walked 200 meters straight ahead you would reach a clearing . (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

ahead (FUTURE)
B1 in the future
Dictionary example:

She has a difficult time ahead of her.

Learner example:

Even if you're satisfied with your life now, take a look 10 or 20 years ahead. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

ahead (MORE POINTS)
B2 having more points than someone else in a competition
Dictionary example:

Barcelona was ahead after ten minutes.

ahead · adjective /əˈhed/
ahead
C2 making more progress than someone or something else
Dictionary example:

Sue is ahead of everyone else in French.

Learner example:

I have always been a couple of steps ahead of my schoolmates and peers, not only in terms of scholastic pursuits, but in my opinions and desires as well. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Romanian)

ahead of time/schedule
C1 before the time that was planned
Dictionary example:

We finished the project ahead of schedule.

Learner example:

However, a bonus will be given if the project finishes ahead of schedule. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

aid · noun /eɪd/Full view
aid (HELP)
C1 U money, food, or equipment that is given to help a country or group of people
Dictionary examples:

Emergency aid was sent to the flood victims.

aid workers

Learner example:

Many people in poorer nations die without proper medical aid. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Bihari)

in aid of sb/sth
C1 in order to collect money for a group of people who need it
Dictionary example:

a concert in aid of famine relief

Learner example:

It w[ould] be an honour for us students at the centre if you could attend our sport[s] function in aid of stress[ed] out kids and present the pri[z]es. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

with the aid of sth
C1 using something to help you
Dictionary example:

She can walk with the aid of a stick.

Learner example:

The newest computer can handle data that human brains cannot and therefore all scientific research [is] carried out with the aid of computers. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Chinese)

aid (EQUIPMENT)
C1 C a piece of equipment that helps you to do something
Dictionary example:

teaching aids such as books and videos

Learner example:

Also, it would be an excellent aid if a new laser printer was bought, so as to make more copies in less time. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

aid · verb /eɪd/
aid
C1 T to help someone
Dictionary examples:

The project is designed to aid the homeless.

He was aided in his research by his knowledge of Greek.

Learner example:

Some people believe that it is essential for both poorer and rich countries [that] the rich countries aid the poorer ones, and this is my opinion, for [a] number of plausible reasons. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Arabic)

aim · noun /eɪm/Full view
Nouns: aim
Adjectives: aimless
Verbs: aim
Adverbs: aimlessly
aim
B1 C the purpose of doing something, and what you hope to achieve
Dictionary examples:

He went to Paris with the aim of improving his French.

My main aim is to make people laugh.

Learner example:

The aim was to get a picture of each person. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

aim · verb /eɪm/
Nouns: aim
Adjectives: aimless
Verbs: aim
Adverbs: aimlessly
aim to do sth
B1 to intend to achieve something
Dictionary example:

I aim to be a millionaire by the time I'm 35.

Learner example:

Our English Club aims to help students with their English. (First Certificate in English; B2; Turkish)

be aimed at sb
B2 to be intended to influence or affect a particular person or group
Dictionary example:

These advertisements are specifically aimed at young people.

Learner example:

PIAZZA is too modern and is aimed at the young. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

be aimed at doing sth
C2 to be intended to achieve a particular thing
Dictionary example:

a plan aimed at reducing traffic

Learner example:

Working within projects aimed at improving local agricultural output, I stayed 3 years in South America. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Danish)

air · noun /eər/Full view
air (AIRCRAFT)
A2 U travel in an aircraft
Dictionary examples:

I don't travel much by air.

air travel

Learner example:

I [will] travel there by air. (Key English Test; A2; French)

air (GAS)
A2 U the mixture of gases which surrounds the Earth and which we breathe
Dictionary example:

I went outside to get some fresh air.

Learner example:

There are lots of different kinds of animals, lakes, fresh air and trees. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

the air
B2 the space above and around things
Dictionary example:

He kicked the ball high in the air.

Learner example:

It was an old painting. In it, a man was holding his axe up in the air and was ready to hit a tree. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

on air
C1 on television or radio
Dictionary example:

The radio station is on air from 6.00 a.m.

Learner example:

It is on air at 8.30 p.m. every Thursday and Saturday. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Chinese)

air (QUALITY)
C2 no plural a particular appearance or quality
Dictionary example:

He has an air of authority.

Learner example:

The service is excellent and the atmosphere is quite nice, with an air of elegance. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

clear the air
C2 If an argument or discussion clears the air, people feel less angry or upset after it.
Dictionary example:

It was an unpleasant argument, but at least it cleared the air.

Learner example:

I rushed into the room [to] cheer them up and clear the air, although I knew it was too late. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Turkish)

disappear/vanish into thin air
C2 to suddenly disappear in a mysterious way
Dictionary example:

He was on the path ahead of me and then vanished into thin air.

Learner example:

Sitting on a couch and squeezed between my elderly aunts, I sincerely wished I could vanish into thin air. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

a breath of fresh air
C2 someone or something that is new, different, and exciting
Dictionary example:

Having Eve around has been a breath of fresh air.

Learner example:

The final suggestion is focused on building a leisure centre. Should this be everything the Town Council has promised, it will bring a breath of fresh air. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

air conditioning · noun U /ˈeə.kənˌdɪʃ.ən.ɪŋ/Full view
air conditioning
B1 the system used for keeping the air in a building or vehicle cool
Dictionary example:

I wish my car had air conditioning.

Learner example:

The rooms are big and there['s] cable TV and air conditioning. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

aircraft · noun C /ˈeə.krɑːft/Full view
aircraft
B2 any vehicle, with or without an engine, which can fly, such as a plane or helicopter
Dictionary example:

military/commercial aircraft

Learner example:

They have all [the] Swedish aircraft that have ever be[en] buil[t]. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

air force · noun C /ˈeərˌfɔːs/Full view
air force
B1 the part of a country's military organization that uses aircraft to fight wars
Dictionary example:

an air force pilot

Learner example:

During the day you can visit all of our museums or schools or even the air force base, which is open from 9.00 until 18.00. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

airline · noun C /ˈeə.laɪn/Full view
airline
B1 a company that provides regular flights to places
Dictionary example:

What airline did you fly?

Learner example:

She explained the situation to the authorities and because there was no flight back to London, the airline had no choice but to pay [for] her stay. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

airport · noun C /ˈeə.pɔːt/Full view
airport
A2 a place where aircraft regularly take off and land, with buildings for passengers to wait in
Dictionary examples:

an international airport

Gatwick Airport

an airport terminal/runway

Learner example:

The lake is not far from the airport. (Key English Test; A2; Hungarian)

alarm · noun /əˈlɑːm/Full view
alarm (WARNING)
B1 C a loud noise that warns you of danger
Dictionary examples:

a burglar/car/fire/smoke alarm

to set off an alarm

Learner example:

It turned out that the fire alarm had gone off and they had to evacuate the building. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

alarm (WAKING)
B1 C a clock or device in a watch, mobile phone, etc. that makes a noise to wake you
Dictionary example:

The alarm went off at 5.30 and she got up immediately.

Learner example:

Suddenly the alarm started to ring and I woke up to go to school. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

alarm (WORRY)
C2 U a sudden feeling of fear or worry that something bad might happen
Dictionary example:

There's no need for alarm - it is completely safe.

Learner example:

Fortunately, her soothing voice damped down any sense of alarm. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

raise the alarm
C2 to warn someone of a dangerous situation
Dictionary examples:

Her parents raised the alarm when she failed to return home.

A local doctor was the first to raise the alarm about this latest virus.

Learner example:

For them, raising the alarm because of five percent unemployment is an example of so-called 'loony-left thinking'. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

alarm · verb T /əˈlɑːm/
alarm
C1 to make someone worried or frightened
Dictionary example:

I don't want to alarm you but he really should be here by now.

Learner example:

What alarmed us the most was the daring use of speculation by the author. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

alarm clock · noun C /əˈlɑːm.klɒk/Full view
alarm clock
A2 a clock that you can set to wake you up at a particular time with a loud noise
Dictionary examples:

My alarm clock went off at 5.00.

I've set the alarm clock for 7.30.

Learner example:

He gave me an alarm clock so I won't be late [for] school any more. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

alarming · adjective /əˈlɑː.mɪŋ/Full view
alarming
C1 causing worry or fear
Dictionary examples:

alarming news

Crime has been increasing at an alarming rate.

Learner example:

Moreover, the alarming frequency of heart attacks in Poland [has] made people stop eating too much fat. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

albeit · conjunction /ɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/Full view
albeit
C2 although
Dictionary example:

He tried, albeit without success.

Learner example:

If and when homework, household chores and social duties had been dealt with, we were free to pursue our own designs, albeit usually hampered by a younger child tagging along. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

album · noun C /ˈæl.bəm/Full view
album (MUSIC)
A2 several songs or pieces of music on a CD, a record, etc.
Dictionary examples:

They've just make/recorded a new album.

Jovanotti has a new album out.

Learner example:

I got a CD-player and a new album [by] U2 and a new book by Jeanette Winterson. (Key English Test; A2; Polish)

album (BOOK)
A2 a book in which you keep photographs, stamps, etc.
Dictionary example:

We looked through his photo albums together.

Learner example:

He gave me a photo album. (Key English Test; A2; Ukrainian)

alcohol · noun U /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/Full view
alcohol
A2 drinks such as wine and beer which can make you drunk
Dictionary examples:

Most wines contain between 10% and 15% alcohol.

an alcohol-free lager

Learner example:

The party was excellent. We danced, ate, drank alcohol and... (Key English Test; A2; Czech)

alcoholic · adjective /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/Full view
alcoholic (DRINK)
B1 containing alcohol
Dictionary example:

alcoholic drinks

Learner example:

I'm only 15 years old and not allowed to drink alcoholic drinks. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

alcoholic (PERSON)
C2 always before noun regularly drinking too much alcohol and unable to stop the habit
Dictionary example:

She lived with her alcoholic father.

Learner example:

Numerous examples of divorced couples, alcoholic parents, orphans, [and] children without principles, should stay in our minds. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

alcoholic · noun C /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/
alcoholic
C2 someone who regularly drinks too much alcohol and cannot stop the habit
Dictionary example:

He became an alcoholic when his wife left him.

Learner example:

The quality of the orchestra was poor - it only consisted of amateurs - and the conductor was drunk - he was an alcoholic. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

alert · adjective /əˈlɜːt/Full view
alert
C1 quick to notice and react to things around you
Dictionary examples:

A young dog should be alert and playful.

Teachers need to be alert to sudden changes in students' behaviour.

Learner example:

A little bit of tension is alright - I guess it keeps you alert while driving. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

alert · verb T /əˈlɜːt/
alert
C2 to warn someone of a possibly dangerous situation
Dictionary example:

Six hours later she still wasn't home so they alerted the police.

Learner example:

Karl Marx alerted us all to the fact that work can cause alienation, and that repetitive tasks, or tasks which do not involve a great deal of interaction with other human beings, can make us feel estranged. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

alert · noun /əˈlɜːt/
alert
C1 a warning about a possibly dangerous situation
Dictionary example:

a bomb alert

Learner example:

Don't forget to take care of your personal belongings - it won't cause a bomb alert like at Victoria but may get lost! (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

alike · adjective always after verb /əˈlaɪk/Full view
alike
B1 similar
Dictionary example:

The children all look very alike.

Learner example:

First of all, Jem and Joss Merlyn look alike physically. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

alike · adverb /əˈlaɪk/
alike (SIMILAR)
B2 in a similar way
Dictionary examples:

We think alike.

My father treated us all alike.

alike (BOTH)
B2 used after referring to two groups of people or things to show that both groups are included
Dictionary example:

Friends and family alike were shocked by the news of her death.

Learner example:

It was indeed a great treat for old and young alike. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

alive · adjective never before noun /əˈlaɪv/Full view
alive (LIVING)
B1 living, not dead
Dictionary examples:

He must be ninety if he's still alive.

It was a bad fall - she's lucky to be alive.

Learner example:

I was very happy that my father was still alive. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

be alive and kicking/well
C2 to continue to live or exist and be full of energy, or to be popular or successful
Dictionary examples:

She said she'd seen him last week and he was alive and kicking.

Despite rumours to the contrary, feminism is alive and well.

Learner example:

He was a farmer who had been working in the fields for more than sixty years, but was still alive and kicking. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Japanese)

alive (PLACE)
C2 full of activity and excitement
Dictionary examples:

The bar was alive with the sound of laughter.

The city comes alive at night.

Learner example:

Normally you would pass by without noticing it, but once a year Roskilde comes alive. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Danish)

alive (CONTINUING)
C2 continuing to exist
Dictionary example:

Local people are fighting to keep the language alive.

Learner example:

Thirdly, it keeps the village alive, since many people from other villages come to celebrate with them, and our national heritage (traditional songs, dances, costumes) is kept alive too. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

all · determiner /ɔːl/Full view
all (EVERY ONE)
A1 every person or thing in a group
Dictionary examples:

I've seen all of his films.

All of us had left by midnight.

She's got four children, all under the age of five.

"Which of his books did you like best?" "I loved them all."

Learner example:

I hope you are all well. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Turkish)

all (WHOLE TIME)
A1 the whole of a period of time
Dictionary examples:

I've been studying all day.

It's rained all week.

I've been waiting all afternoon for him to call.

Learner example:

I spent all day [at the] beach. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; French)

all (WHOLE AMOUNT)
A2 the whole amount of something
Dictionary examples:

I've spent all my money.

Have you drunk all the juice?

By morning, all the snow had gone.

Learner example:

I have left my purse at your home. I have all my money in it. (Key English Test; A2; Assamese)

all sorts of sth
A2 many different types of something
Dictionary examples:

They had all sorts of jewellery for sale.

We saw all sorts of animals in the park.

Learner example:

I like all sorts of music but I prefer urban music! (Key English Test; A2; French)

all the best
A2 used to say that you hope someone will be happy, healthy, successful, etc., often when saying goodbye
Dictionary examples:

All the best, then - it was nice to meet you!

Please wish him all the best for his new job.

Learner example:

I want to wish you all the best! (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Polish)

all the time
A2 continuously
Dictionary example:

I wish you'd stop criticizing me all the time.

Learner example:

He laugh[s] all the time. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

all (ONLY THING)
B1 the only thing
Dictionary examples:

All I remember is waking up in hospital.

All you can do is hope he'll get better.

Learner example:

Actually, I lost my job last week. All I can do is buy a computer and get [on] the internet to find [another] job. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

at all
B1 used for emphasis in questions or negative statements, to mean in any way or of any type
Dictionary examples:

Can I help at all?

He hasn't changed at all.

Learner example:

The sun was shining and there were no clouds at all, so we could see the light blue sky. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

above all
B1 most importantly
Dictionary examples:

Above all, I'd like to thank my family.

He is known above all for his film roles.

Learner example:

She is a very nice person and above all, she is really cheerful. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

after all
B1 used to add information that shows that what you have just said is true
Dictionary example:

You can't expect to be perfect - after all, it was only your first lesson.

Learner example:

I stopped talking with my friends, but not [for long] - after all, we are friends. Anyway, I'm planning nice things for the next April 1st. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

all is well
B1 everything is in a good or acceptable state
Dictionary example:

I hope all is well with Jack.

Learner example:

I hope all's well. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

in all
B2 used to show the total amount of something
Dictionary example:

Some of the children came, so there were 15 of us in all.

Learner example:

Secondly, even though most people like[d] [the] group RADIANT, they [only] played for 35 minutes in all. (First Certificate in English; B2; )

all of a sudden
B2 suddenly and unexpectedly
Dictionary example:

All of a sudden, he came bursting in through the door.

Learner example:

All of a sudden, a weird creature popped into his dream. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

all over again
B2 repeated from the beginning
Dictionary example:

We had to start all over again.

Learner example:

After that I went back to my home in Ribeirao Preto to begin my routine all over again. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

and all that
B1 used for saying that other similar things are included or that the whole of a situation is considered
Dictionary examples:

He told us about his school and all that.

We decided to stay in bed, with it being a holiday and all that.

Learner example:

I really enjoy shopping for clothes, but not only for clothes, also for things like earrings and all that! (Preliminary English Test; B1; Swiss German)

after all
C1 used to say that something happened or was true although you did not expect it to happen or be true
Dictionary example:

Helen couldn't come to the party after all.

Learner example:

Cars still enter the city so there will be pollution after all. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

all things considered
C1 used for saying that something is true in general if you think about all its aspects
Dictionary example:

The show was a great success, all things considered.

Learner example:

All things considered, it seems like "Kavanagh Catering Services" would be most suitable for the students. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Turkish)

all hours
C1 very late at night, until early morning, or almost all the time
Dictionary example:

Our neighbours are up till all hours every night, playing loud music.

Learner example:

This causes traffic jams at all hours of the day. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

for all
C2 despite
Dictionary example:

For all her qualifications, she's useless at the job.

Learner example:

For all of his desire to be strong, Okonkwo is haunted [by] fear. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

all shapes and sizes
C2 many different types of people or things
Dictionary example:

We saw people there of all shapes and sizes.

Learner example:

Personal Challenges come in all shapes and sizes. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

all · adverb /ɔːl/
all
A2 completely or very
Dictionary examples:

The cake was all eaten last night.

You're all wet!

Tell me all about your holiday.

Learner example:

I'm going to tell you all about it. (Key English Test; A2; )

all over somewhere
A2 everywhere in a particular place
Dictionary example:

He's travelled all over the world.

Learner example:

The people in the class are from all over the world. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

2/5/8, etc. all
B1 used to say that two players or teams have the same number of points in a game
Dictionary example:

It was 3 all at half time.

all along
B2 from the beginning of a period of time
Dictionary example:

I knew all along that it was a mistake.

Learner example:

In the future the key word for fashion will be comfort as this is basically what everyone has been wanting all along. (First Certificate in English; B2; Danish)

all in all
B2 considering everything
Dictionary example:

All in all, it was a great holiday.

Learner example:

All in all, nobody cares about air pollution and the environment in general. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

all over the place
B2 in or to many different places
Dictionary example:

There were dirty dishes all over the place.

Learner example:

I am thinking of dog-dirt on the pavements, cans all over the place, [and] a lot of disgusting paintings on the walls in the public toilets, the underground and so on. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

all at once
C1 suddenly
Dictionary example:

All at once he stood up and walked out of the room.

Learner example:

All at once, everything started to work again. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Italian)

be all very well
C1 used to show that you do not agree with something or that you are annoyed about something
Dictionary example:

It's all very well for her to say everything's fine, she doesn't have to live here.

Learner example:

That's all very well for most of the people but according to my desires [i]t's not enough. I envisage a more sophisticated flat. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

be all set
C1 to be ready
Dictionary example:

We were all set to go when the phone rang.

Learner example:

So, there you go. I'm all set! (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

all the better/easier/more exciting, etc.
C2 much better, easier, more exciting, etc.
Dictionary example:

The journey was all the more dangerous because of the bad weather.

Learner example:

He had to overcome great obstacles in his professional and private lives, which makes his achievements all the more remarkable. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

all but
C2 almost
Dictionary example:

The film was all but over by the time we arrived.

Learner example:

He could all but hear their stomachs rumble. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

allegation · noun C /ˌæl.ɪˈgeɪ.ʃən/Full view
allegation
C1 when you say that someone has done something wrong or illegal, without proof that this is true
Dictionary examples:

allegations of corruption

Several of her patients have made allegations of professional misconduct against her.

He denied allegations that he had cheated.

Learner example:

Contrary to Mrs Jones' allegation, the exam results of our college are first-class and, moreover, there is an extremely varied social programme organised. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

allege · verb T /əˈledʒ/Full view
allege
C2 to say that something is true or state something as a fact without giving proof
Dictionary examples:

The teacher is alleged to have hit a student.

He alleges that Bates attacked him.

Learner example:

Advocates of perpetual economic growth allege that the world in which we live is a better place compared to what it was a long time ago. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

alleged · adjective always before noun /əˈledʒd/Full view
alleged
C1 believed to be true, but not proved
Dictionary example:

an alleged attack

Learner example:

Besides, as far as the alleged "downpour of rain" is concerned, there was, in reality, only a small April shower which lasted not more than 10 minutes. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Italian)

allegedly · adverb /əˈledʒ.ɪd.li/Full view
allegedly
C2 in a way that is believed to be true, but is not proved
Dictionary example:

That's where he allegedly killed his wife.

Learner example:

[When] he was at his peak, he allegedly [got] involved in drugs and heroin. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Turkish)

alliance · noun C /əˈlaɪ.ənts/Full view
alliance
C2 an agreement between countries or political parties to work together to achieve something
Dictionary example:

Egbert extended his control over Cornwall, defeating an alliance between the Vikings and the Britons at Hingston Down in 838.

Learner example:

Arthur died and both the Spanish Hapsburgs and the Tudors wanted to continue their alliance. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

allied · adjective /ˈæl.aɪd/Full view
allied
C2 joined by a formal agreement
Dictionary example:

the allied powers

Learner example:

During the Second World War, he joined the US Navy and was then sent on a mission to Brazil with the aim of patrolling the coasts to avoid a German bombing [of] allied ships. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

allocate · verb T /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/Full view
allocate
C1 to give some time, money, space, etc. to be used for a particular purpose
Dictionary examples:

The government has promised to allocate extra money for health care.

More police time should be allocated to crime prevention.

Learner example:

We also think that the gym is under-[us]ed because of the lack of equipment, thus we would ask for some funding to be allocated to the purchase of more equipment. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Russian)

allocation · noun /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/Full view
allocation (SHARE)
C2 C an amount of money, time, space, etc. that is allocated
Dictionary example:

They have had their allocation of fuel.

Learner example:

It is approximately equal [to] the US in government allocations to child support, but it is still behind Germany (0.25% vs. 2%). (International English Language Testing System; C2; Romanian)

allocation (PROCESS)
C2 U when money, time, space, etc. is allocated
Dictionary example:

the allocation of funds/resources

Learner example:

However, the latter countries do differ in their allocation of money to services, with the US spending 0.3 per cent of the GDP and Spain spending only 0.1 per cent. (International English Language Testing System; C2; German)

allow · verb /əˈlaʊ/Full view
allow (GIVE PERMISSION)
B1 T to give someone permission for something
Dictionary examples:

You're not allowed to talk during the exam.

Pets aren't allowed in this hotel.

The referee decided to allow the goal.

Learner example:

I have very strict teachers and they won't allow me to enter the classroom if I'm late. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Georgian)

allow (TIME/MONEY)
C1 T to plan to use a particular amount of money, time, etc. for something
Dictionary example:

Allow three hours for the whole journey.

Learner example:

Please allow more free time in the afternoon for shopping and change the free evening which is on Day 1 in your High Life Programme to another evening. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; German)

allow (MAKE POSSIBLE)
C1 I or T to make it possible for someone to do something
Dictionary example:

The extra money will allow me to upgrade my computer.

Learner example:

These activities allow people to forget about their problems, to enjoy themselves and also to communicate with others. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Portuguese)

allow (NOT PREVENT)
C2 T to not prevent something from happening
Dictionary example:

They have allowed the problem to get worse.

Learner example:

A unanimous effort has to be made in order to improve the situation in education instead of allowing it to deteriorate. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

allowance · noun C /əˈlaʊ.ənts/Full view
allowance
C1 money that you are given regularly, especially to pay for a particular thing
Dictionary example:

a clothing allowance

Learner example:

She spends most of her allowance quickly and is then without money for the rest of the month. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; German)

make allowances for sb/sth
C2 to remember that someone has a disadvantage which is not their fault when you are judging their behaviour or work
Dictionary example:

They made allowances for the fact that he was ill.

Learner example:

I would say Mr Stevens is a victim of his sense of duty, which makes him think of marriage as a traitor's act, but I don't know to what extent we should make allowances for his strong convictions. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

all right · adjective never before noun /ɔːlˈraɪt/Full view
all right (WITHOUT PROBLEMS)
A1 happening successfully or without problems
Dictionary examples:

Did the interview go all right?

Did he do all right in his exams?

Did you get home all right last night?

Learner example:

Tomorrow I have [the] day off, so everything is all right! (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Slovak)

all right (WELL)
A2 not hurt or ill
Dictionary examples:

"Harry's just slipped on the ice." "Oh dear! Is he all right?"

She was very ill for a while but she's all right now.

Learner example:

Hi Jo How are you? I hope you are all right. (Key English Test; A2; Arabic)

that's all right
A2 used as an answer when someone thanks you, or something you say when someone says sorry, to show that you are not angry
Dictionary examples:

"Thanks for getting the tickets." "That's all right."

"I'm sorry, I forgot all about your party." "That's all right."

Learner example:

That's all right. Don't worry about [it]. (Key English Test; A2; Thai)

all right (PERMISSION)
A2 used to ask if you can do something or to say that someone can do something
Dictionary examples:

Is it all right if I put some music on?

It's all right to have your friends round so long as you check with me first.

Is it all right with you if I leave the window open?

Learner example:

I [asked] him if it was all right if I stayed in his house and Mike answered: "Of course". (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

all right (GOOD ENOUGH)
B1 good enough, although not very good
Dictionary example:

"What did you think of the film?" "It was all right. Nothing special."

Learner example:

We arrived by ship and the trip was all right except my friend Tim was ill. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Croatian)

all right · exclamation /ɔːlˈraɪt/
all right
A1 used to agree to a suggestion or request
Dictionary examples:

"How about going out for dinner?" "All right."

"Can we leave at six?" "All right."

Learner example:

All right, tomorrow you get my jacket and wait for me at the bus stop. (Key English Test; A2; Thai)

ally · noun C /ˈæ.laɪ/Full view
ally (PERSON)
C1 someone who supports you, especially when other people are against you
Dictionary example:

He is generally considered to be the Prime Minister's closest political ally.

Learner example:

The participants are under pressure and they have to find allies and make decisions. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

ally (COUNTRY)
C2 a country that has agreed to help another country, especially in a war
Dictionary example:

During World War One, Turkey and Germany were allies.

Learner example:

So the allies didn't exclude the Germanies from the world community, including organizations like NATO, the Warsaw Pact or the UN. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

almost · adverb /ˈɔːl.məʊst/Full view
almost
A2 If something almost happens, it does not happen but it is very close to happening.
Dictionary examples:

I almost missed the bus.

She's almost thirty.

It was almost six o'clock when he left.

He's almost always late.

Almost all the passengers on the ferry were French.

The boat sank almost immediately it hit the rock.

Learner example:

Did you know that almost the whole class came to my party? (Key English Test; A2; Thai)

alone · adjective /əˈləʊn/Full view
alone (WITHOUT PEOPLE)
A2 never before noun without other people
Dictionary examples:

He likes being alone in the house.

She decided to climb the mountain alone.

Do you like living alone?

Learner example:

She doesn't want to go alone. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

leave sb alone
B2 to stop talking to someone or annoying them
Dictionary example:

Leave him alone, he's tired.

Learner example:

"Leave me alone, you monster," I said in panic. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

let alone
C1 used to emphasize that something is more impossible than another thing
Dictionary example:

You couldn't trust her to look after your dog, let alone your child.

Learner example:

We are surrounded by amazing pieces of technology which we do not fully understand, let alone use to their full capacity. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Romanian)

alone (ONLY ONE)
C2 always after noun used to emphasize that only one person or thing is involved
Dictionary examples:

Last year alone the company made a million dollars.

You alone know how you feel.

Learner example:

The decision was hers and hers alone. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

along · preposition /əˈlɒŋ/Full view
along (DIRECTION)
A2 from one part of a road, river, etc. to another
Dictionary example:

a romantic walk along the beach/river

Learner example:

Last night, we walked along the Thames. (Key English Test; A2; French)

along (NEXT TO)
B1 in a line next to or beside something long
Dictionary examples:

a row of houses along the river

Cars were parked all along the road.

Learner example:

To my surprise, there was a charming beach along the cycle route. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

along (PARTICULAR PLACE)
B2 at a particular place on a road, river, etc.
Dictionary example:

Somewhere along this road there's a garage.

Learner example:

She told me [that] along the road there are several places to visit, like a castle which is open [to the] public. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

along the lines of sth
C2 based on and similar to something
Dictionary example:

He gave a talk along the lines of the one he gave in Oxford.

Learner example:

Imagine one is encouraged by friends and institutions for their 'different' artistic or other activities, even if their works are not along the lines of 'acceptable' norms and tradition. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Turkish)

along · adverb /əˈlɒŋ/
along (FORWARD)
B1 moving forward
Dictionary example:

We were just walking along, chatting.

along (WITH YOU)
B1 with you
Dictionary examples:

Why don't you take him along with you when you go?

I'll bring some food along and we can have a picnic.

Learner example:

My boyfriend came along with me. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

all along
B2 from the beginning of a period of time
Dictionary example:

I knew all along that it was a mistake.

Learner example:

In the future the key word for fashion will be comfort as this is basically what everyone has been wanting all along. (First Certificate in English; B2; Danish)

along with sb/sth
B2 in addition to someone or something else
Dictionary example:

California along with Florida is probably the most popular American holiday destination.

Learner example:

I speak foreign languages (English, French and Italian) along with Greek. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

alongside · adverb /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/Full view
alongside (NEXT TO)
C1 next to someone or something
Dictionary example:

A car pulled up alongside ours.

Learner example:

The skyline [is] filled with huge chimneys displacing tons of gases into the air; millions of vehicles [are] moving on a highway alongside a dead river, where life flourished a few decades ago. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Portuguese)

alongside (WITH)
C1 together with someone
Dictionary example:

She enjoyed working alongside such famous actors.

Learner example:

Also he worked alongside me at another travel agency for 6 months. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Urdu)

aloud · adverb /əˈlaʊd/Full view
Adjectives: loud
Adverbs: aloud, loud/loudly
aloud
B1 in a way that other people can hear
Dictionary examples:

He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family.

I laughed aloud at some of his comments.

I was just thinking aloud.

Learner example:

Thinking aloud is an old habit of mine. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

alphabet · noun C /ˈæl.fə.bet/Full view
alphabet
B1 a set of letters arranged in a fixed order which is used for writing a language
Dictionary example:

the Cyrillic alphabet

Learner example:

The first evening, we learnt how to spell the alphabet. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Norwegian)

alphabetical · adjective /ˌæl.fəˈbet.ɪ.kəl/Full view
alphabetical
B2 arranged in the same order as the letters of the alphabet
Dictionary examples:

an alphabetical list

The names are published in alphabetical order.

Learner example:

She looked again at the strange words and then she understood. Each letter ha[d] been replaced by the next one in the alphabetical order. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

already · adverb /ɔːlˈred.i/Full view
already (BEFORE NOW)
A2 before now, or before a particular time in the past
Dictionary examples:

I asked him to come to the exhibition but he'd already seen it.

The concert had already begun by the time we arrived.

I've already told him.

Learner example:

Juliana, I am going to start to paint my bedroom tomorrow. I have already bought the paint. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

already (EARLY)
B1 used to say that something has happened earlier than you expected
Dictionary examples:

Are you buying Christmas cards already? It's only September!

I've only eaten one course and I'm already full.

Learner example:

Since I have already reserved a room for myself, I am now sitting [o]n the balcony, watching the beautiful views of the beach and tall pine trees. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

alright · adjective never before noun /ɔːlˈraɪt/Full view
alright (WITHOUT PROBLEMS)
A2 happening successfully or without problems
Dictionary examples:

Did the interview go alright?

Did he do alright in his exams?

Did you get home alright last night?

Learner example:

It's good to know you are doing alright [at] school. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

alright (WELL)
A2 not hurt or ill
Dictionary examples:

"Harry's just slipped on the ice." "Oh dear! Is he alright?"

She was very ill for a while but she's alright now.

Learner example:

Dear Robbie, I hope you're alright. (Key English Test; A2; Tamil)

that's alright
A2 used as an answer when someone thanks you, or something you say when someone says sorry, to show that you are not angry
Dictionary examples:

"Thanks for getting the tickets." "That's alright."

"I'm sorry, I forgot all about your party." "That's alright."

Learner example:

Well I am angry with you because you did not come to my party but that's alright - after all, you are my friend. (Key English Test; A2; Gujarati)

alright (PERMISSION)
A2 used to ask if you can do something or to say that someone can do something
Dictionary examples:

Is it alright if I put some music on?

It's alright to have your friends round so long as you check with me first.

Is it alright with you if I leave early today?

Learner example:

I want to see the film on Saturday if that's alright [with] you? (Key English Test; A2; Tagalog)

alright (GOOD ENOUGH)
B1 good enough, although not very good
Dictionary examples:

"What did you think of the film?" "It was alright. Nothing special."

Did your exam go alright?

Learner example:

I hope the weather will be alright. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Slovak)

alright · exclamation /ɔːlˈraɪt/
alright
A1 used to agree to a suggestion or request
Dictionary examples:

"How about going swimming?" "Alright."

"Would you look after the children?" "Yes, alright."

also · adverb /ˈɔːl.səʊ/Full view
also
A1 in addition
Dictionary examples:

She's a photographer and also writes books.

I'm cold, and I'm also hungry and tired.

Learner example:

I also have a dog and I like to go for a walk with [him]. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

alter · verb I or T /ˈɒl.tər/Full view
alter
B2 to change, or to make someone or something change
Dictionary examples:

We've had to alter some of our plans.

Giving up our car has altered our lifestyle a lot.

Learner example:

To go to the show, we need to alter the programme. (First Certificate in English; B2; Japanese)

alteration · noun C or U /ˌɔːl.tərˈeɪ.ʃən/Full view
alteration
C1 a change, or the process of changing something
Dictionary example:

We've made a few alterations to the kitchen.

Learner example:

I hope that my alterations don't give you too much trouble, but I really think that these changes are necessary for full satisfaction among our members. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Swedish)

alternate · adjective /ɔːlˈtɜː.nət/Full view
alternate days/weeks/years, etc.
C1 one out of every two days, weeks, years, etc.
Dictionary example:

I work alternate Saturdays.

Learner example:

I had to go to a travel agency on alternate weekends in order to translate some programmes into English. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

alternate · verb /ˈɔːl.tə.neɪt/
alternate
C1 If two things alternate, one thing happens, then the other thing happens, then the first thing happens again, etc.
Dictionary example:

She alternates between cheerfulness and deep despair.

Learner example:

Xanadu Express promises to serve us food from all over the world and to alternate [the] menu. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Turkish)

alternative · noun C /ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/Full view
alternative
B2 one of two or more things that you can choose between
Dictionary examples:

It's a low-fat alternative to butter.

I'm afraid I have no alternative but to ask you to leave.

Learner example:

Another alternative is to go up the mountain by chairlifts or funicular-railway. (First Certificate in English; B2; Hungarian)

alternative · adjective /ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/
alternative (DIFFERENT PLAN)
B2 always before noun An alternative plan, method, etc. is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one.
Dictionary example:

We can make alternative arrangements if necessary.

Learner example:

[The new direct coach service] is an alternative way [of getting to Lampton]. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

alternative (NOT USUAL)
B2 different to what is usual or traditional
Dictionary example:

an alternative lifestyle

Learner example:

I wonder if you've ever heard of "alternative music"? (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

alternatively · adverb /ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv.li/Full view
alternatively
B2 used to suggest another possibility
Dictionary example:

We could go to the Indian restaurant, or alternatively, we could try that new Italian place.

Learner example:

Alternatively, I suggest that you should invite a famous writer. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

although · conjunction /ɔːlˈðəʊ/Full view
although (BUT)
B1 but
Dictionary examples:

He's coming to see us this evening, although I don't know exactly when.

He's rather shy, although he's not as bad as he used to be.

Learner example:

I liked the food although my friends didn't like it. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

although (DESPITE)
B1 despite the fact that
Dictionary example:

She walked home by herself, although she knew that it was dangerous.

Learner example:

There were no taxis on the street so, although it was raining, I started walking in the rain. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

altogether · adverb /ˌɔːl.təˈgeð.ər/Full view
altogether (TOTAL)
B1 in total
Dictionary examples:

There were twenty people there altogether.

That'll be £52.50 altogether, please.

Learner example:

They cost 1700 baht altogether. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Thai)

altogether (COMPLETELY)
B2 completely
Dictionary examples:

She wrote less and less often, and eventually she stopped altogether.

I'm not altogether sure about the idea.

Learner example:

I don't altogether agree with this fact. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

altogether (GENERALLY)
B2 when you consider everything
Dictionary example:

Altogether, I'd say the party was a great success.

Learner example:

Altogether, I believe that the most cruel creature on earth is the human being. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

aluminium · noun U /ˌæl.jʊˈmɪn.i.əm/Full view
aluminium
B2 a light, silver-coloured metal used for making containers, cooking equipment and aircraft parts
Dictionary examples:

Cover the fish with aluminium foil and cook over a low heat.

We take all our aluminium cans for recycling.

Learner example:

[In the future,] jewellery will be made of metals which [occur] naturally and [which are] cheap now but will be extremely expensive 100 years from now, such as aluminium and zinc. (First Certificate in English; B2; Danish)

always · adverb /ˈɔːl.weɪz/Full view
always (EVERY TIME)
A1 every time, or at all times
Dictionary example:

I always walk to work.

Learner example:

I always tr[y] to do [my] best, bec[a]use I want to be a good student. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; French)

always (UNTIL NOW)
A2 at all times in the past
Dictionary example:

We've always lived here.

Learner example:

The best present was a mobile phone. I've always wanted it!!! (Key English Test; A2; Russian)

always (FOREVER)
A2 forever
Dictionary example:

I'll always remember you.

Learner example:

That was the best weekend [of] my life. I'll always remember it. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Georgian)

can/could always do sth
B1 used to suggest something
Dictionary example:

You can always stay with us if you miss your train.

Learner example:

Watching them painting is better than seeing their art in any museum, and you can always do some sightseeing through our historical ruins, our mountains or villages. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

always (MANY TIMES)
B2 again and again, often in an annoying way
Dictionary example:

He's always losing his keys.

Learner example:

I am always trying to convince my friend Maria of these dangers. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

a.m. · adverb /ˌeɪˈem/Full view
a.m.
A1 used to refer to a time between twelve o'clock at night and twelve o'clock in the middle of the day
Dictionary examples:

We're open between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.

The first election results are expected around 1 a.m.

Learner example:

I go to college [from] 9.15 a.m. to 12.15 p.m. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Panjabi)

amateur · adjective /ˈæm.ə.tər/Full view
amateur
C1 doing something as a hobby and not as your job
Dictionary example:

an amateur photographer

Learner example:

Finally I would like to mention that I feel very confident in front of cameras, since I am an amateur actor. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

amateur · noun C /ˈæm.ə.tər/
amateur (HOBBY)
C1 someone who does something as a hobby and not as their job
Dictionary example:

This tennis tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.

Learner example:

What I want to explain is that if an amateur sees a professional swimmer winning while wearing our equipment, he is surely going to think that our products helped him succeed, so the amateur is going to buy our equipment too. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

amateur (NO SKILL)
C1 someone who is not good at what they do
Dictionary example:

I won't be giving them any more work - they're a bunch of amateurs.

Learner example:

I admit that I was an amateur, [which] is why I did not try to do any special "tricks" to impress all those who were watching me. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

amazed · adjective /əˈmeɪzd/Full view
Nouns: amazement
Adjectives: amazed, amazing
Verbs: amaze
Adverbs: amazingly
amazed
B1 extremely surprised
Dictionary examples:

She was amazed at how calm she felt after the accident.

I was absolutely amazed when I heard the news.

I was amazed to hear that Chris had won first prize.

I'm amazed (that) she didn't complain.

Learner example:

Dear David Beckham, How are you? I was amazed to find your letter in my mail box. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Gujarati)

amazement · noun U /əˈmeɪz.mənt/Full view
Nouns: amazement
Adjectives: amazed, amazing
Verbs: amaze
Adverbs: amazingly
amazement
B2 extreme surprise
Dictionary examples:

She stared in amazement.

To my amazement, he ate the whole lot.

Learner example:

Then, to her amazement, she saw him with another girl. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

amazing · adjective /əˈmeɪ.zɪŋ/Full view
Nouns: amazement
Adjectives: amazed, amazing
Verbs: amaze
Adverbs: amazingly
amazing (GOOD)
A2 very good or impressive in some way
Dictionary examples:

This wine is really amazing.

What an amazing meal!

Learner example:

I've bought an amazing mobile phone. (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

amazing (SURPRISING)
B1 extremely surprising
Dictionary examples:

It's amazing to think that the managing director is only 23.

It's amazing that no one else has applied for the job.

The amazing thing is that it was kept secret for so long.

Learner example:

Dear Richard, It's amazing you didn't forget my birthday. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

amazingly · adverb /əˈmeɪ.zɪŋ.li/Full view
Nouns: amazement
Adjectives: amazed, amazing
Verbs: amaze
Adverbs: amazingly
amazingly
B1 in an amazing way
Dictionary examples:

The food was amazingly good.

Amazingly enough, no one else has applied for the job.

Learner example:

Amazingly, he didn't come back until midnight. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Japanese)

ambassador · noun C /æmˈbæs.ə.dər/Full view
ambassador
B2 the main official sent by a government of a country to represent it in another country
Dictionary examples:

Britain's ambassador in Moscow has refused to comment.

She's a former ambassador to the United States.

Learner example:

On the first floor [is] the "star'' of the museum: a splendid grand piano built in 1893, which was offered by the Queen to the French ambassador in 1895. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

ambiguity · noun C or U /ˌæm.bɪˈgjuː.ə.ti/Full view
ambiguity
C2 when something has more than one possible meaning
Dictionary example:

Legal documents must be free of ambiguity.

Learner example:

Lastly, there is the ambiguity of her final decision. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

ambiguous · adjective /æmˈbɪg.ju.əs/Full view
ambiguous
C2 having more than one possible meaning
Dictionary example:

an ambiguous statement

Learner example:

It is hard to choose the right option as the advice given [often] seems ambiguous. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Czech)

ambition · noun /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/Full view
ambition (HOPE)
B1 C something you want to achieve
Dictionary examples:

His ambition is to run his own business.

He has already achieved his main ambition in life - to become wealthy.

Learner example:

Learning English is one of my ambition[s]. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

ambition (STRONG FEELING)
B2 U a strong feeling that you want to be successful or powerful
Dictionary example:

My sister always had more ambition than I did.

Learner example:

Love, hate, ambition and fear [of] losing are the main subjects for Orson Well[e]s and Tim Burton, the directors [of these two films]. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

ambitious · adjective /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/Full view
ambitious (PERSON)
B2 wanting to be successful or powerful
Dictionary examples:

an ambitious young lawyer

He's very ambitious for his children.

Learner example:

I chose Omar because I find him very talented and ambitious. (First Certificate in English; B2; Slovene)

ambitious (PLAN)
B2 If a plan or idea is ambitious, it will need a lot of work and will be difficult to achieve.
Dictionary examples:

This is our most ambitious project so far.

She has some ambitious plans for her business.

Learner example:

If we a[c]complish these ambitious plans, we can even run for the 2006 Winter Olympic Games. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

ambulance · noun C /ˈæm.bjə.lənts/Full view
ambulance
A2 a special vehicle used to take ill or injured people to hospital
Dictionary examples:

I called for an ambulance.

an ambulance driver

Learner example:

She called for an ambulance which came at once. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

amend · verb T /əˈmend/Full view
amend
C2 to slightly change the words of a document
Dictionary example:

The contract has now been amended.

Learner example:

The text could be amended. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

amendment · noun C or U /əˈmend.mənt/Full view
amendment
C1 a change in the words of a document, or the process of doing this
Dictionary example:

to make an amendment to the human rights law

Learner example:

In view of the need to clarify all these errors and wrong information, I would urge you to print another report apologising and providing readers with the right figures and possible amendments. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Catalan)

amid · preposition /əˈmɪd/Full view
amid (WHILE)
C1 while something else is happening
Dictionary example:

Security was increased amid fears of further terrorist attacks.

Learner example:

They are involved so much with their occupation that they will respond to an emergency call even when they are amid sweet dreams or having a joyful time with their love[d] ones. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Urdu)

amid (AMONG)
C2 among
Dictionary example:

a village set amid rolling hills

Learner example:

So we are mere fading stars [i]n a huge sky, unsubjected to the elapse of time and instead of following the ancient saying "carpe diem", we get lost amid other stars. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Romanian)

among · preposition /əˈmʌŋ/Full view
among (IN A GROUP)
A2 in a particular group of people or things
Dictionary examples:

Discuss it among yourselves for a few minutes.

Relax - you're among friends.

There were some good drawings among the rubbish in the pile.

Learner example:

Among my presents, my favourite one is the computer that my parents gave to me. (Key English Test; A2; Italian)

among (IN THE MIDDLE)
B1 in the middle of something
Dictionary examples:

I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd.

Rescue teams searched among the ruins for survivors.

Learner example:

If you love nature, you can eat under trees and among flowers. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

among other things
B2 used to say that there are other details or examples in addition to the ones you are mentioning
Dictionary example:

It's worth visiting the museum while you're here. There's an exhibition about Darwin and a good collection of paintings, among other things.

Learner example:

To go by tram or bus is a waste of time and travel[l]ing by car is - among other things - a waste of money. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

among the best/worst/biggest, etc.
B2 one of the most extreme examples of a particular type
Dictionary example:

He is among the top five tennis players in the country.

Learner example:

It was among the worst zoos I have ever seen. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

among (DIVIDE)
C1 to each one in a group
Dictionary example:

She divided the cake among the children.

Learner example:

Although Brazil is the eighth biggest economy in the world and one of the richest countries regarding natural resources, that wealth is not shared equally among the population. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Portuguese)

amongst · preposition /əˈmʌŋst/Full view
amongst
B2 among
Dictionary example:

There is a need to raise skill levels both amongst those in work and those seeking work.

Learner example:

He was no longer a man amongst others but a man with a free soul... (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

amount · noun C /əˈmaʊnt/Full view
amount
B1 how much there is of something
Dictionary examples:

They didn't deliver the right amount of sand.

Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals.

I didn't expect the bill to come to this amount.

You wouldn't believe the amount of trouble I've had with this car.

Learner example:

You'll also be able to go out to pubs or night clubs, and you'll spend a very small amount of money. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Lithuanian)

ample · adjective /ˈæm.pl ̩/Full view
ample
C1 enough, or more than enough
Dictionary example:

She's had ample time to get the work done.

Learner example:

There will be three coffee machines on each floor which should provide ample coffee for everyone. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

amuse · verb T /əˈmjuːz/Full view
amuse (MAKE LAUGH)
B2 to make someone laugh or smile
Dictionary examples:

The video clips on that website always amuse me.

I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves.

Learner example:

"The Blind Owl" - his masterpiece - is a surrealistic novella which has amused critics and ordinary readers for years. (First Certificate in English; B2; Farsi)

amuse (KEEP INTERESTED)
B2 to keep someone interested and help them to have an enjoyable time
Dictionary example:

I bought a book of crosswords to amuse myself while I was on the train.

Learner example:

Another idea is to call a well-known band to amuse all the young people. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

amused · adjective /əˈmjuːzd/Full view
amused
B2 showing that you think something is funny
Dictionary examples:

an amused smile

She was very amused by/at your comments.

Learner example:

When the taxi arrived, he was so amused about the news tha[t] an old woman took it. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

keep sb amused
B2 to keep someone interested and help them to have an enjoyable time
Dictionary example:

How do you keep an 8-year-old boy amused?

Learner example:

I could keep them amused with my funny stories. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

amusement · noun /əˈmjuːz.mənt/Full view
amusement (FEELING)
B2 U the feeling that you have when something makes you smile or laugh
Dictionary examples:

She looked at him with great amusement.

Carl came last in the race, much to my amusement.

Learner example:

Each ma[de] the other one laugh. We had great fun. [It was] a day with so much amusement, with my best friend John. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

amusement (ENTERTAINMENT)
B2 C or U an enjoyable way of spending your time
Dictionary example:

I play the piano, but just for my own amusement.

Learner example:

In particular, computer games are a kind of amusement, for them and for everyone. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

amusing · adjective /əˈmjuː.zɪŋ/Full view
amusing
B1 funny or entertaining
Dictionary example:

an amusing story/person/situation

Learner example:

Our teacher is really amusing, [he] makes people laugh all the time. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

an · determiner /æn/Full view
an
A1 used instead of 'a' when the following word begins with a vowel sound
Dictionary examples:

an easy question

an interesting story

an orange

an honour

Learner example:

She is an au pair in England. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; French)

analogous · adjective /əˈnæl.ə.gəs/Full view
analogous
C2 similar in some ways
Dictionary example:

It's often said that life is analogous to a journey.

Learner example:

Raising the price of petroleum will be analogous to providing hurdles for better communication and thus the progress. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Urdu)

analogy · noun C or U /əˈnæl.ə.dʒi/Full view
analogy
C2 a comparison that shows how two things are similar
Dictionary example:

She draws an analogy between life's events and a game of chance.

Learner example:

The analogy bears striking similarities to the relationship of dependency between humans and their construct, the machines. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swiss German)

analyse · verb T /ˈæn.əl.aɪz/Full view
analyse
B2 to examine the details of something carefully, in order to understand or explain it
Dictionary examples:

Researchers analysed the purchases of 6300 households.

Water samples taken from streams were analysed for contamination by chemicals.

Learner example:

He told me how we can analyse movies. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

analysis · noun C or U /əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/Full view
analysis
B2 the process of analysing something
Dictionary examples:

Chemical analysis revealed a high content of copper.

I was interested in Clare's analysis of the situation.

Learner example:

I would not do my school projects without using a computer, because I have to do some statistical analysis. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

analyst · noun C /ˈæn.ə.lɪst/Full view
analyst
B2 someone whose job is to study or examine something in detail
Dictionary example:

a financial/political/systems analyst

Learner example:

As you know I got promotion as a project analyst recently. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

analytical · adjective /ˌæn.əlˈɪt.ɪ.kəl/Full view
analytical
C1 examining the details of something carefully, in order to understand or explain it
Dictionary examples:

analytical skills

an analytical mind

Learner example:

Moreover, employers nowadays are seeking the team-working, problem-solving and analytical skills [needed] for their company. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Burmese)

ancestor · noun C /ˈænˌses.tər/Full view
ancestor
B2 a relative who lived a long time ago
Dictionary example:

My ancestors came from Ireland.

Learner example:

We are living in a technologically advanced world where we are surrounded by all sorts of devices, which would seem fantastic to our ancestors. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

anchor · noun C /ˈæŋ.kər/Full view
anchor (BOAT)
C2 a heavy, metal object that is dropped into water to stop a boat from moving
Dictionary example:

We dropped anchor in a quiet bay and swam.

Learner example:

Meanwhile, the captain had set the anchor. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

anchor (SUPPORT)
C2 someone or something that gives support when needed
Dictionary example:

She was my anchor when things were difficult for me.

Learner example:

Yet she had still been fond of his picture, he was her anchor. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

anchor · verb /ˈæŋ.kər/
anchor (BOAT)
C2 to stop a boat from moving by dropping a heavy metal object into the water
Learner example:

Every night we used to anchor [i]n different bays to spend the night. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Turkish)

anchor (FASTEN)
C2 to make something or someone stay in one position by fastening them firmly
Dictionary example:

We anchored ourselves to the rocks with a rope.

Learner example:

It was stronger, much more intense than text or video footage could ever be, for this unmoving image, having been anchored in space and time, solidified its content so as to have an almost physical impact on the viewer. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

ancient · adjective /ˈeɪn.tʃənt/Full view
ancient
B1 from a long time ago
Dictionary examples:

ancient Greece/Rome/Egypt

ancient monuments/ruins

People have lived in this valley since ancient times.

Learner example:

I would recommend you to visit Rome, because you shouldn't miss [seeing] the huge monuments, the ancient Roman ruins and the Vatican. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

and · conjunction /ænd/Full view
and (ALSO)
A1 used to join two words, phrases, parts of sentences or related statements together
Dictionary examples:

Ann and Jim

knives and forks

We kissed and hugged each other.

Tidy up your room. And don't forget to make your bed!

Learner example:

I have got [a] nice bed, [a] mirror, [a] sofa and a table. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Slovak)

and (AFTER)
A1 used to say that one thing happens after another thing
Dictionary example:

I got dressed and had my breakfast.

Learner example:

I get up early [in the] morning and I have breakfast. [T]hen I go to college. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Somali)

and (NUMBERS)
A1 used when saying or adding numbers
Dictionary examples:

It cost a hundred and twenty pounds.

Two and three equals five.

Learner example:

It's about two and a half hours. (Key English Test; A2; Greek)

and (AFTER VERB)
A2 used instead of 'to' after some verbs, such as 'try' and 'go'
Dictionary examples:

Try and eat something.

I asked him to go and find my glasses.

Wait and see what happens.

Learner example:

I hope [to] go and see Disneyland. (Key English Test; A2; French)

and so on
A2 used after a list of things to show that you could have added other similar things
Dictionary example:

She plays a lot of tennis and squash and so on.

Learner example:

I like watching television, playing [on] the computer, reading book[s] and so on. (Key English Test; A2; Chinese)

and (EMPHASIZE)
B1 used between two words which are the same to make their meaning stronger
Dictionary examples:

She spends hours and hours on the telephone.

The sound grew louder and louder.

We laughed and laughed.

Learner example:

The situation became harder and harder. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Swiss German)

angel · noun C /ˈeɪn.dʒəl/Full view
angel
B1 a spiritual creature in stories or some religions, usually represented as a human with wings
Dictionary example:

According to the Bible, an angel told Mary that she would have God's son, Jesus.

Learner example:

I like to wear a top with a picture of an angel that my mother bought for me as my birthday present. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Malay)

anger · noun U /ˈæŋ.gər/Full view
Nouns: anger
Adjectives: angry
Verbs: anger
Adverbs: angrily
anger
B2 a strong feeling against someone who has behaved badly, making you want to shout at them or hurt them
Dictionary examples:

I think he feels a lot of anger towards his father who treated him very badly as a child.

The people showed no surprise or anger at their treatment.

Learner example:

Trisha, who had invited us there, looked like she was about to explode with anger or burst into tears. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

angle · noun C /ˈæŋ.gl ̩/Full view
angle (SPACE)
C1 the space between two lines or surfaces at the point at which they touch each other, measured in degrees
Dictionary examples:

an angle of 90 degrees

The interior angles of a square are right angles.

Learner example:

Carriers are to be requested to stick to the regulations which set the approach and takeoff angles at no less than 45 degrees. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

at an angle
C1 not horizontal or vertical, but sloping
Dictionary examples:

He wore his hat at an angle.

The boat settled into the mud at a 35 degree angle.

Learner example:

After purchasing the G5X-1 food processor from your shop last month I discovered, upon connecting it to the mains socket and switching it on, that I needed to tilt the unit at an angle for it to work. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Others)

angle (DIRECTION)
C1 the direction from which you look at something
Dictionary example:

This is the same building photographed from different angles.

Learner example:

It is possible to see all the paintings from different angles. You can also zoom in and out. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Swedish)

angle (WAY OF THINKING)
C1 the way you think about a situation
Dictionary example:

Try looking at the problem from another angle.

Learner example:

To be a child is to see the world from a different angle. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

angrily · adverb /ˈæŋ.grə.li/Full view
Nouns: anger
Adjectives: angry
Verbs: anger
Adverbs: angrily
angrily
B1 in an angry way
Dictionary examples:

"Don't do that!" she shouted angrily.

Demonstrators protested angrily following the jury's verdict.

The Prime Minister reacted angrily to claims that he had lied to the House of Commons.

Learner example:

"How dare she do that [to] me?" I thought, angrily. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

angry · adjective /ˈæŋ.gri/Full view
Nouns: anger
Adjectives: angry
Verbs: anger
Adverbs: angrily
angry
A2 having a strong feeling against someone who has behaved badly, making you want to shout at them or hurt them
Dictionary examples:

He's really angry at/with me for upsetting Sophie.

I don't understand what he's angry about.

They feel angry that their complaints were ignored.

I got really angry with her.

It made me really angry.

Learner example:

Dear Ally, I'm so sorry you couldn't come to my birth[d]ay party, but don't worry, I'm not angry with you. (Key English Test; A2; Italian)

animal · noun C /ˈæn.ɪ.məl/Full view
animal (NOT A HUMAN)
A1 something that lives and moves but is not a human, bird, fish or insect
Dictionary examples:

wild/domestic animals

She's a real animal lover.

Learner example:

I like flowers and baby animals. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Slovak)

animal (NOT A PLANT)
B2 anything that lives and moves, including people, birds, etc.
Dictionary example:

Are humans the only animals to use language?

Learner example:

I think the human is [an] animal that want[s] to [do] amusing things. (First Certificate in English; B2; Japanese)

animated · adjective /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪ.tɪd/Full view
animated (FILM)
B1 An animated film is one in which drawings and models seem to move.
Dictionary example:

He makes animated films.

Learner example:

It's a funny animated film about a superhero family. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Swiss German)

animated (EXCITEMENT)
C2 showing a lot of interest and excitement
Dictionary example:

an animated conversation

Learner example:

They watched as their fellow travellers appeared to have an animated discussion with the driver of the car. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

animation · noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/Full view
animation
B1 C or U an animated film, or the process of making animated films
Dictionary example:

a course in computer animation

Learner example:

It's a comedy animation about penguins. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Turkish)

ankle · noun C /ˈæŋ.kl ̩/Full view
ankle
B1 the joint between the foot and the leg, or the thin part of the leg just above the foot
Dictionary example:

I fell over and sprained/twisted my ankle.

Learner example:

I have broken my ankle and I need to stay in bed during the day. (Preliminary English Test; B1; French)

anniversary · noun C /ˌæn.ɪˈvɜː.sər.i/Full view
anniversary
B1 the day on which an important event happened in a previous year
Dictionary examples:

We always celebrate our wedding anniversary with dinner in an expensive restaurant.

Tomorrow is the fiftieth anniversary of the revolution.

Learner example:

She and her husband are touring Europe for a second honeymoon, [on the] 10th anniversary of their marriage. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Japanese)

announce · verb T /əˈnaʊnts/Full view
Nouns: announcement, announcer
Adjectives: unannounced
Verbs: announce
Adverbs: unannounced
announce
B1 to tell people about something officially or with force or confidence
Dictionary examples:

The Prime Minister has just announced that public spending will be increased next year.

The company has announced plans to open six new stores.

After dinner, they announced the winner of the competition.

Learner example:

[The] TV has just announced a bus-drivers strike for tomorrow morning. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

announcement · noun C or U /əˈnaʊnt.smənt/Full view
Nouns: announcement, announcer
Adjectives: unannounced
Verbs: announce
Adverbs: unannounced
announcement
B1 something that someone says officially, giving information about something
Dictionary example:

The President made an unexpected announcement this morning.

Learner example:

I heard about this club in [a] radio announcement. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

annoy · verb T /əˈnɔɪ/Full view
annoy
B1 to make someone angry
Dictionary examples:

Tim really annoyed me in the meeting this morning.

I'm sorry - is my cough annoying you?

It annoys me that she just expects us to help.

It really annoys me when people expect me to tip as well as pay a service charge in a restaurant.

Learner example:

My bed makes a loud noise when I lie down on it. It annoys me. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Japanese)

annoyance · noun U /əˈnɔɪ.ənts/Full view
annoyance
C1 the feeling of being annoyed
Dictionary example:

He kept losing his keys, much to the annoyance of his wife.

Learner example:

This caused a lot of annoyance, so I suggest next year you make some kind of arrangement [for] booking the places [o]n the computer room in advance. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

annoyed · adjective /əˈnɔɪd/Full view
annoyed
B1 angry
Dictionary examples:

I was so annoyed with him for turning up late.

He was annoyed at the way she tried to take over the whole meeting.

My parents were rather annoyed (that) I hadn't told them about the accident.

She was annoyed to discover that her husband had taken her car keys.

Learner example:

I was a bit annoyed when I [found out], but it's all right. (Key English Test; A2; Gujarati)

annoying · adjective /əˈnɔɪ.ɪŋ/Full view
annoying
B1 making you feel annoyed
Dictionary examples:

It's really annoying when a train is late and there's no explanation.

He's got a really annoying laugh.

Learner example:

Do you like going shopping with your mom? They are sometimes annoying, aren't they? (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

annual · adjective always before noun /ˈæn.ju.əl/Full view
annual
B1 happening once every year, or relating to a period of one year
Dictionary examples:

an annual event/visit/holiday

annual income/salary

Learner example:

I never miss the annual sale at the department store near my place. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Thai)

annually · adverb /ˈæn.ju.ə.li/Full view
annually
B2 once every year
Dictionary example:

Your starting salary is £28,000 per year and will be reviewed annually.

Learner example:

Dear Mr Benson, I am writing with regard to your letter, in which you asked me to give you some pieces of advice for the special events which take place in the College annually. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

anonymous · adjective /əˈnɒn.ɪ.məs/Full view
anonymous
C2 not giving a name
Dictionary examples:

an anonymous phone call/letter

The winner has asked to remain anonymous.

Learner example:

Because the internet does provide the possibility of staying anonymous, it is very hard to find the people wh[o] use it for illegal or criminal actions. (International English Language Testing System; C2; German)

another · determiner /əˈnʌð.ər/Full view
another (ADDITIONAL)
A2 one more person or thing, or an additional amount
Dictionary examples:

I'm going to have another piece of cake.

"Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen?" "Another one?"

For another £30, you can buy the model with remote control.

Just think, in another three months it'll be summer again.

Learner example:

I need [it] because I will travel and I don't have another bag. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

another (DIFFERENT)
A2 a different person or thing of the same type
Dictionary examples:

She's finished with that boyfriend and found herself another (one).

Do you want to exchange this toaster for another (one) or do you want your money back?

Learner example:

I don't need it because I'm going to buy another. (Key English Test; A2; Italian)

one another
B1 each other
Dictionary example:

How can they reach an agreement if they won't talk to one another?

Learner example:

We know one another from Poland. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Polish)

at one time or another
C2 used to talk about an occasion in the past without saying exactly which occasion it was
Dictionary example:

Most of us have made a similar mistake at one time or another.

Learner example:

Haven't we all at one time or another come home from a holiday feeling healthy and strong with a smile on our face thinking, this is what life is about. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

answer · noun /ˈɑːnt.sər/Full view
answer (REACTION)
A1 C what you say or write back to someone who has asked you a question or spoken to you
Dictionary examples:

I asked him if he was going but I didn't hear his answer.

Please give me your answer by next week.

Learner example:

Please, give me [an] answer. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

answer (TEST)
A2 C information given as a reply to a question in a test, exercise, competition, etc.
Dictionary examples:

Did you get the answer to Question 6?

I got eight correct answers and two wrong ones in last week's exam.

Learner example:

We had to fill [in] our question[naire]s and discuss the answers in our class. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

answer (DOOR/TELEPHONE)
A2 usually no plural when someone answers the door or telephone
Dictionary example:

I've just rung him but there was no answer.

Learner example:

I called her, but there was no answer. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

answer (SOLUTION)
B1 C a way of solving a problem
Dictionary examples:

It's a difficult situation and I don't know what the answer is.

So what's the answer to the problem?

There's no easy answer to the problem.

Learner example:

Should wild animals be kept in cages, and denied their freedom so that we can have the pleasure of watching them [in] zoos? Well, there's no simple answer to that question. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

answer · verb /ˈɑːnt.sər/
answer (REACT)
A1 I or T to speak or write back to someone who has asked you a question
Dictionary examples:

You haven't answered my question.

I wrote asking whether he'd be coming to the party but he hasn't answered yet.

She answered that she wouldn't be able to come before nine o'clock.

Learner example:

My teacher give[s] m[e] questions and I have to answer. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Pashto)

answer (TEST)
B1 T to write or say something as a reply to a question in a test, exercise, competition, etc.
Dictionary example:

I couldn't answer the last three questions.

Learner example:

That was to be my first interview, and I had never before answered a test of personality so I felt insecure. (First Certificate in English; B2; Catalan)

answer (DOOR/PHONE)
A2 I or T to open the door to someone or pick up the telephone
Dictionary examples:

Could someone answer the phone?

Someone's at the door - would you answer it, please?

Learner example:

I phone you, but you don't answer! (Key English Test; A2; Catalan)

ant · noun C /ænt/Full view
ant
B1 a small, black or red insect that lives in groups on the ground
Dictionary example:

There were ants crawling all over the ground.

Learner example:

I [have] know[n] Larry since I was five years old and he couldn't hurt an ant, I am sure about it. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

antibiotic · noun C /ˌæn.tɪ.baɪˈɒ.tɪk/Full view
antibiotic
C2 a medicine which cures infections by destroying harmful bacteria
Dictionary example:

He is on antibiotics for an ear infection.

Learner example:

Nevertheless, for all the side effects they may have, for all the unpleas[a]ntness of having a needle stuck in your arm or a spoonful of foul-tasting liquid stuck in your mouth, antibiotics and vaccines remain the greatest discovery in the history of the world. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

anticipate · verb T /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/Full view
anticipate
C1 to expect something, or to prepare for something before it happens
Dictionary examples:

to anticipate a problem

We anticipate that prices will fall next year.

Learner example:

Moreover, it is anticipated that the percentage of the group will rise further in 2010. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Japanese)

anticipation · noun U /ænˌtɪ.sɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/Full view
anticipation
C2 when you are waiting for something to happen, usually with excitement
Dictionary example:

The children were breathless with anticipation.

Learner example:

Yet, what I remember and think is going to stay with me for the rest of my life is that wonderful atmosphere of [a] fairy tale which has come true, that feeling of excitement and anticipation of something marvel[l]ous [about] to happen. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

in anticipation (of)
C2 expecting something to happen or in preparation for something happening
Dictionary example:

She's even decorated the spare room in anticipation of your visit.

Learner example:

This has sometimes resulted in the comic phenomenon of people travelling to a distant country, in anticipation of encountering strange and original lifestyles, only to come across situations not very different [from] the one they have left in their own countries. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Greek)

antique · noun C /ænˈtiːk/Full view
antique
B1 an object that is old, and often rare or beautiful
Dictionary examples:

an antique shop

My mother collects antiques.

Learner example:

First we drove to the old city wh[ere] there were lots of different shops [selling] clothes, shoes, antiques, and jewellery. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Arabic)

antique · adjective /ænˈtiːk/
antique
B1 old and often rare or beautiful
Dictionary examples:

antique furniture

antique silver/jewellery

Learner example:

There's a nice, cosy lobby, with antique furniture and a fireplace. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

anti-social · adjective /ˌæn.tɪˈsəʊ.ʃəl/Full view
Nouns: society, sociologist, sociology
Adjectives: sociable, unsociable, social, anti-social, unsocial
Verbs: socialize
Adverbs: socially
anti-social (BEHAVIOUR)
C1 Anti-social behaviour harms or upsets the people around you.
Dictionary example:

Increasingly, smoking is regarded as an anti-social habit.

Learner example:

It cannot be denied that nowadays children and young people are showing many problems, such as anti-social behaviour. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Arabic)

anti-social (PERSON)
C1 An anti-social person does not like being with other people.
Dictionary example:

I hope they won't think I'm anti-social if I don't go to the party.

Learner example:

Technology has developed so much that [it] has made us very anti-social. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

anxiety · noun U /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/Full view
anxiety
B2 the feeling of being very worried
Dictionary examples:

Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.

That explains his anxiety over his health.

Learner example:

On the other hand, if we consider this statement in general, we could infer that [the] teenage [years are] quite a good time in a person's life, as there is no stress or anxiety that is usually encountered later on in life. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

anxious · adjective /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/Full view
anxious (WORRIED)
B1 worried and nervous
Dictionary examples:

He's very anxious about his exams.

My mother always gets a bit anxious if we're late.

I saw my sister's anxious face at the window.

Learner example:

I am a bit anxious about my mum's reaction, but I am sure she'll enjoy this party. (Preliminary English Test; B1; French)

anxious (EAGER)
B2 wanting to do something or wanting something to happen
Dictionary examples:

I'm anxious to hear her news.

I'm anxious that we get there on time because I don't think there'll be many seats left.

Learner example:

I am very anxious [for you] to tell me what type of competition you managed to win. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

anxiously · adverb /ˈæŋk.ʃəs.li/Full view
anxiously
B2 in an anxious way
Dictionary example:

We waited anxiously by the phone.

Learner example:

I am waiting for your reply anxiously. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

any · determiner /ˈen.i/Full view
any (SOME)
A1 used in questions and negatives to mean some
Dictionary examples:

"Is there any more soup?" "No, I'm afraid there isn't any left."

I haven't seen any of his films.

I asked Andrew for some change but he hasn't got any.

Learner example:

She doesn't [want] any more children. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Bengali)

any (NOT IMPORTANT WHICH)
A1 one of or each of a particular kind of person or thing when it is not important which
Dictionary examples:

"Which of these cakes may I eat?" "Any."

Any of you should be able to answer this question.

Any advice that you can give me would be greatly appreciated.

We should hear from him any minute/day/time now.

There were a lot of computers at the exhibition, any (one) of which would have suited me perfectly.

Learner example:

When I [was a] child, I like[d] reading any cartoon book, so my parents bought many books for me. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Mandarin)

any more
A2 If you do not do something or something does not happen any more, you have stopped doing it or it does not now happen.
Dictionary example:

I don't do yoga any more.

Learner example:

I don't need it any more because I have a new one. (Key English Test; A2; Italian)

any · adverb /ˈen.i/
any
B1 used in questions and negatives to emphasize a comparative adjective or adverb
Dictionary examples:

Do you feel any better?

I can't walk any faster.

Those trousers don't look any different from the others.

Houses in this area used to be a real bargain, but they're not cheap any more.

This radio isn't any good - I'll have to buy another.

She couldn't wait any longer.

Learner example:

I couldn't wait any longer - I had to see Sami. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

anybody · pronoun /ˈen.iˌbɒd.i/Full view
anybody (IN QUESTIONS/NEGATIVES)
A2 used in questions and negatives to mean 'a person or people'
Dictionary examples:

I haven't asked anybody yet.

Does anybody arrive in the office before 7 o'clock?

Learner example:

You don't need [to] ask anybody. (Key English Test; A2; Japanese)

anybody (ANY PERSON)
B1 any person or any people
Dictionary examples:

Anybody can join the club and the membership is free.

The competition is open to anybody under the age of 16.

Learner example:

Anybody [could] understand it! (Preliminary English Test; B1; Czech)

anyhow · adverb /ˈeniː.haʊ/Full view
anyhow (DESPITE)
B2 despite that
Dictionary example:

He hates carrots but he ate them anyhow.

Learner example:

It wasn't a great support, but anyhow I consider my choice to be the best I could have [made]. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

anyhow (EARLIER SUBJECT)
B2 used when you are returning to an earlier subject
Dictionary example:

Anyhow, as I said, I'll be away next week.

Learner example:

After that we drove for about one hour before we had to take a lunch break. It was still very hot when we continued our trip and we had to stop once more. Anyhow, we [got] to Munich the same day, where we stayed for two days. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

anyhow (MORE IMPORTANTLY)
B2 used to give a more important reason for something that you are saying
Dictionary example:

I don't need a car and I can't afford one anyhow.

Learner example:

We both thought that it was a good idea to have that stop-over at your place as it was on our route to Norway anyhow. (First Certificate in English; B2; German)

anyhow (CHANGING STATEMENT)
C1 used when you want to slightly change something that you have just said
Dictionary example:

Boys aren't horrible - not all of them anyhow!

anymore · adverb /ˌen.iˈmɔːr/Full view
anymore
A2 If you do not do something or something does not happen anymore, you have stopped doing it or it does not now happen.
Dictionary example:

This shirt doesn't fit me anymore - would you like it?

Learner example:

I want to sell my radio. I don't use it anymore because I'm going to go to America next week. (Key English Test; A2; Japanese)

anyone · pronoun /ˈen.i.wʌn/Full view
anyone (IN QUESTIONS/NEGATIVES)
A2 used in questions and negatives to mean 'a person or people'
Dictionary examples:

I haven't told anyone.

Was there anyone you knew at the meeting?

Learner example:

I think I [left] my mobile phone in your house yesterday. Please bring it to me or I can't speak to anyone. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

anyone (ANY PERSON)
B1 any person or any people
Dictionary examples:

Anyone can go - you don't have to be invited.

Anyone could dress well with all that money.

Learner example:

The third programme was a joke competition. Anyone could come there and tell his joke. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Russian)

anything · pronoun /ˈen.i.θɪŋ/Full view
anything (IN QUESTIONS/NEGATIVES)
A1 used in questions or negatives to mean 'something'
Dictionary examples:

Is there anything I can do to help?

I didn't eat anything.

Did you notice anything strange about him?

Was there anything else you wanted to say?

Learner example:

When I['m] speaking in class I'm very nervous and I can't say anything. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

anything (NO MATTER WHICH)
A1 any object, event, situation, etc.
Dictionary examples:

Tom will eat anything!

We can do anything you like.

Learner example:

I like spag[h]etti bolognese or lasagne. But I eat anything. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Slovak)

or anything
B2 used to talk or ask about things of a similar type
Dictionary examples:

Do you want a drink or anything?

Did you do any sightseeing or anything?

anything like
B2 used in questions and negatives to mean 'at all similar to'
Dictionary example:

Does he look anything like his brother?

Learner example:

Even in my dreams I haven't seen anything like it. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

anyway · adverb /ˈen.i.weɪ/Full view
anyway (DESPITE)
A2 despite that
Dictionary example:

Her parents were opposed to her giving up her course, but she did it anyway.

Learner example:

Dear Jo, You can call me for th[is] information but I will write it [here] anyway. (Key English Test; A2; Turkish)

anyway (CHANGE SUBJECT)
A2 used when you are returning to an earlier subject or changing the subject
Dictionary examples:

Anyway, I'll be away next week.

Anyway, in the end I didn't wear your jacket.

Learner example:

I hope everything [will] be O.K... anyway you have my phone number. (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Czech)

anyway (MORE IMPORTANTLY)
B1 used to give a more important reason for something that you are saying
Dictionary examples:

I don't have time to go and anyway it's too expensive.

Of course I don't mind taking you home - I'm going that way anyway.

Learner example:

I'm going to buy a new bed, because the old one has broken, [and] anyway it wasn't very comfortable. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

anywhere · adverb /ˈen.i.weər/Full view
anywhere (ANY PLACE)
A2 in or to any place
Dictionary examples:

Did you go anywhere interesting this summer?

Go anywhere in the world and you'll find some sort of hamburger restaurant.

Learner example:

I like that bicycle because I can go anywhere with it without anyone's help. (Key English Test; A2; Bengali)

anywhere (IN QUESTIONS/NEGATIVES)
A2 used in questions and negatives to mean 'a place'
Dictionary examples:

Is there anywhere in particular you wanted to go to eat tonight?

I can't find my keys anywhere.

Is there anywhere else you'd like to visit?

Learner example:

Do you know anywhere interesting and how can I get there? (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

not/never get anywhere
B2 to not make any progress
Dictionary example:

I tried discussing the problem with her but I didn't get anywhere.

Learner example:

If we think about making an effort and changing our daily routine at once, we will never get anywhere because a drastic change usually does not last. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

anywhere near sth
C1 used in questions and negatives to mean 'close to being or doing something'
Dictionary example:

The house isn't anywhere near ready.

Learner example:

We could not have gone anywhere near 5000 miles because all our minibuses were broken down - we even stayed in one place for 8 days. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Portuguese)

apart · adverb /əˈpɑːt/Full view
apart from
B1 except for or in addition to
Dictionary examples:

Apart from the low salary, it's a great job!

He works until nine o'clock every evening, and that's quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.

Learner example:

So, when he started to speak, I couldn't understand anything apart from "thanks". (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

apart (SEPARATE)
B1 separated by a space, distance or period of time
Dictionary examples:

Stand with your feet wide apart.

How far apart should the speakers be?

We were asked to stand in two lines three metres apart.

I forget the exact age difference between Mark and his brother - they're two or three years apart.

Learner example:

They are situated on the same street, only a hundred metres apart, on each side of the street. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

apart (RELATIONSHIP)
B2 If two people are apart, they are not in the same place together.
Dictionary example:

By this time my parents were living apart.

Learner example:

I'll always remember those two days which we spent together after such a long time living apart. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

apart (INTO PIECES)
B2 into separate, smaller pieces
Dictionary examples:

I took the motor apart to see how it worked.

My jacket is so old, it's coming apart.

be poles apart
C2 to be complete opposites
Dictionary example:

They are poles apart in their attitudes to religion.

Learner example:

Soho at night seemed to be the nicest place on Earth, poles apart from my home town. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

apartment · noun /əˈpɑːt.mənt/Full view
apartment
A2 C a set of rooms for living in, especially on one floor of a building
Dictionary examples:

I'll give you the keys to my apartment.

They have six luxury apartments for sale.

Learner example:

Please come to my apartment at 4.00. (Key English Test; A2; Farsi)

apologetic · adjective /əˌpɒl.əˈdʒe.tɪk/Full view
apologetic
C2 showing or saying that you are sorry about something
Dictionary examples:

an apologetic smile

She was very apologetic about missing the meeting.

Learner example:

I am deeply apologetic if my letter troubled anybody or was too boring to read, but I had to say my opinion out loud. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

apologise · verb I /əˈpɒl.ə.dʒaɪz/Full view
apologise
B1 to tell someone that you are sorry about something you have done
Dictionary examples:

I must apologise to Isobel for my behaviour.

Trains may be subject to delay - we apologise for any inconvenience caused.

She apologised for having to leave early.

Learner example:

I'm writing to apologise because I won't be at tomorro[w]'s class. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

apology · noun C or U /əˈpɒl.ə.dʒi/Full view
apology
B1 something you say or write to say that you are sorry about something you have done
Dictionary examples:

I have an apology to make to you - I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.

I owe you an apology, Chris.

"Was he at all sorry for what he'd done?" "Oh he was full of apologies."

Learner example:

Hi Zita, Please accept my apology for this belated letter which you're holding in your hands. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Hungarian)

apostrophe · noun C /əˈpɒs.trə.fi/Full view
apostrophe
B2 the punctuation mark ' that shows when a letter or a number has been left out, or is used before or after 's' to show possession
Dictionary examples:

I'm Ian.

She was born in '65.

Helen's laugh

Charles' cooking

a baby's hand

babies' hands

appalling · adjective /əˈpɔː.lɪŋ/Full view
appalling (BAD)
C1 very bad
Dictionary examples:

appalling behaviour/weather

The film was absolutely appalling!

Learner example:

Also, they believe that their ability to watch videos is handicapped by the fact that some of the equipment is in [an] appalling condition. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

appalling (SHOCKING)
C2 shocking and very unpleasant
Dictionary examples:

appalling brutality/injuries

Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.

Learner example:

Susan Hill's 'I'm the King of The Castle' is a psychological book about the appalling cruelty and emotions between two pubescent boys. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Danish)

apparent · adjective /əˈpær.ənt/Full view
apparent (OBVIOUS)
B2 obvious or easy to notice
Dictionary examples:

Her unhappiness was apparent to everyone.

It was becoming increasingly apparent that he could no longer look after himself.

I was on the metro this morning when for no apparent reason the man opposite suddenly screamed.

Learner example:

This was my Dad, always doing weird things for no apparent reason. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

apparent (SEEMS TRUE)
C1 always before noun seeming to exist or be true
Dictionary example:

I was a little surprised by her apparent lack of interest.

Learner example:

In conclusion, our research [show]s the residents' apparent unwillingness to transform Greendale Park into a car park. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Chinese)

apparently · adverb /əˈpær.ənt.li/Full view
apparently (AS HEARD/READ)
B2 used to say you have read or been told something although you are not certain it is true
Dictionary examples:

Apparently it's going to rain today.

Apparently he's had enough of England and is going back to Australia.

Learner example:

Apparently he was planning to visit me and su[r]prise me for my birthday, w[h]ich was the following day. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

apparently (SEEMS TRUE)
B2 used to say that something seems to be true, although it is not certain
Dictionary examples:

There were two apparently unrelated deaths.

An eighty-year-old woman was badly hurt in what the police describe as an apparently random attack.

Learner example:

People found it important and still do but apparently, today, we don't appreciate reading as much as our ancestors. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

appeal · noun /əˈpiːl/Full view
appeal (QUALITY)
B2 U the quality in someone or something that makes them attractive or interesting
Dictionary examples:

sex appeal

Spielberg films have a wide appeal.

Parties on river-boats have lost their appeal since one sank last year.

Learner example:

In my opinion, computer games are so popular because the games have developed their graphics and they have more appeal to youngsters. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

appeal (REQUEST)
C1 C when a lot of people are asked to give money, information or help urgently
Dictionary examples:

They're launching an appeal to raise money for famine victims.

The police have issued an appeal to the public to stay away from the centre of town at the weekend.

Learner example:

I would suggest that the local authorities with the support of the community and companies start an appeal, to raise money to keep St. Mary's running. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

appeal · verb I /əˈpiːl/
appeal (ATTRACT)
B2 to attract or interest someone
Dictionary examples:

Cycling has never really appealed to me.

It's a programme designed to appeal mainly to 16 to 25 year-olds.

Learner example:

In addition, books appeal to our imagination. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

appeal (REQUEST)
C1 to make a serious or formal request, especially to the public, for money or help
Dictionary examples:

They're appealing for clothes and blankets to send to the devastated region.

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the missing girl.

appeal (FORMALLY ASK)
CB to formally ask someone to change an official or legal decision
Dictionary example:

He is appealing against a ten-year prison sentence.

appear · verb I /əˈpɪər/Full view
Nouns: appearance, disappearance, reappearance
Verbs: appear, disappear, reappear
appear (BE SEEN)
B1 to start to be seen
Dictionary examples:

He suddenly appeared in the doorway.

Then a bright light appeared in the sky.

Learner example:

Suddenly the singer of the band appeared. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

appear in/at/on, etc.
B1 to perform in a film, play, etc.
Dictionary example:

She appears briefly in the new Bond film.

Learner example:

What I like the most is that I'm going to appear on T.V. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

appear (SEEM)
B1 to seem
Dictionary examples:

He appeared calm and relaxed.

There appears to be some mistake.

Learner example:

But, [the] reality is, that life appears very short to me. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

it appears (that)
B2 used to say that something seems to be true
Dictionary example:

It appears that she left the party alone.

Learner example:

It appears that people are more aware about clothes and also work. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

appear (BECOME AVAILABLE)
B2 to start to exist or become available
Dictionary examples:

Laptop computers first appeared in the 1980s.

The story appeared in all the major newspapers.

Learner example:

In almost every city fast-food restaurants [have] appear[ed], which have a big group of fans. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

it would appear (that)
C1 used to say that something seems to be true
Dictionary example:

It would appear that nobody on board the aircraft actually had a licence to fly it.

Learner example:

It would appear that students are not satisfied with the hours and days offered by the Club. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

appearance · noun /əˈpɪə.rənts/Full view
Nouns: appearance, disappearance, reappearance
Verbs: appear, disappear, reappear
appearance (WAY YOU LOOK)
B1 no plural the way a person or thing looks to other people
Dictionary examples:

The buildings are very similar in appearance.

You can alter/change the whole appearance of a room just by lighting it in a certain way.

She gives the appearance of being very efficient.

Learner example:

I usually buy fashionable clothes, because I think [your] appearance is really important. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

appearance (IN PUBLIC)
B2 C when someone appears in public, on television, in a film, etc.
Dictionary examples:

It was his first appearance on television/television appearance as president.

She made two appearances during her visit.

She will be making a public appearance, signing copies of her latest novel.

Learner example:

You probably know him, because he [made] an appearance [i]n the film "Bad Boys." (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

appearance (BECOMING AVAILABLE)
B2 no plural when something starts to exist or becomes available
Dictionary example:

The appearance of new products on the market has increased competition.

Learner example:

The appearance of the car has facilitated our lives. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

appetite · noun C or U /ˈæp.ɪ.taɪt/Full view
appetite
C1 the feeling that makes you want to eat
Dictionary examples:

All that walking has given me an appetite.

I won't have any chocolate, thanks - it'll spoil my appetite.

Learner example:

The tasteless food spoiled our appetite. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Chinese)

an appetite for something
C2 when you want something very much
Dictionary example:

He has a real appetite for adventure.

Learner example:

It does not occur to him that Jack has degenerated into blood-lust and is driven by hatred and an appetite for power. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

applaud · verb /əˈplɔːd/Full view
applaud (CLAP)
C1 I or T to clap your hands to show that you have enjoyed a performance, talk, etc.
Dictionary example:

The audience applauded loudly.

Learner example:

Secondly, owing to a sudden shower, there was a short break during the dance display and the horse show, but eventually, we finished the display and the show successfully and people applauded. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Korean)

applaud (PRAISE)
C2 T to approve of or admire something
Dictionary example:

Most people will surely applaud the decision.

Learner example:

I admire and applaud Stevens' integrity and dignity. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

applause · noun U /əˈplɔːz/Full view
applause
C1 when people make a noise by clapping their hands to show they have enjoyed or approve of something
Dictionary example:

There was loud applause at the end of her speech.

Learner example:

Still the audience was very pleased, because they gave massive applause at the end. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

round of applause
C2 when people clap
Dictionary example:

The crowd gave him a huge round of applause.

Learner example:

It was unbelievable, there was a round of applause and some people couldn't help crying. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Turkish)

apple · noun C or U /ˈæp.l ̩/Full view
apple
A1 a hard, round fruit that has a green or red skin and is white inside
Dictionary examples:

to peel an apple

apple pie/sauce

an apple tree

Learner example:

The place is in North Iraq. I like this place, becaus[e] it [has] very nice w[ea]ther, and [there is] nice fruit: dates, grapes, peach[es], [and] apple[s]. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Arabic)

appliance · noun C /əˈplaɪ.ənts/Full view
appliance
C1 a piece of electrical equipment with a particular purpose in the home
Dictionary example:

fridges, radios, and other electrical appliances

Learner example:

The fair was well organized and structured into specific sections from clothing and sportswear to household appliances and electronic [goods]. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Romanian)

application · noun /ˌæp.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/Full view
Nouns: applicant, application
Adjectives: applicable, applied
Verbs: apply
application (REQUEST)
B1 C an official request for something, usually in writing
Dictionary examples:

a letter of application

I've sent off applications for four different jobs.

Have you filled in the application form for your passport yet?

Learner example:

After having filled [in] the application form, the master pilot took us on a short trip around the hangars showing the planes used for training. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Italian)

application (COMPUTER SOFTWARE)
B2 C a piece of computer software designed for a particular purpose
Dictionary example:

Typical examples of software applications are spreadsheets, media players and database applications.

Learner example:

I am [an] exp[e]rienced user of [the] Internet and know all application programs for Windows '95 (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PinPoint etc). (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

application (USE)
C2 C or U a way in which something can be used for a particular purpose
Dictionary example:

This technology has many practical applications.

Learner example:

We have been working [o]n the growing of cells in zero-gravity environments, having in mind its possible application in outer space colonies, such as the International Space Station. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

apply · verb /əˈplaɪ/Full view
Nouns: applicant, application
Adjectives: applicable, applied
Verbs: apply
apply (REQUEST)
B1 I to request something, usually officially, especially by writing or sending in a form
Dictionary examples:

By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply.

I've applied for a job there.

Please apply in writing to the address below.

Learner example:

I applied for this course and went to my first lesson last week. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Swiss German)

apply (AFFECT)
B2 I to relate to a particular person or situation
Dictionary examples:

That bit of the form is for UK citizens - it doesn't apply to you.

He seems to think that the normal rules of behaviour don't apply to him.

Those were old regulations - they don't apply any more.

Learner example:

The same doesn't apply to a teenager who lives in illness and poverty and whose family and friends constantly mistreat him. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

apply (USE)
C1 T to use something in a particular situation
Dictionary example:

The same method can be applied to other situations.

Learner example:

Moreover, he can explain how theory is being applied in the field. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Panjabi)

apply yourself
C2 to work hard
Dictionary example:

If he doesn't apply himself, he'll never pass his exams.

Learner example:

Many previously unknown professions emerged, [and] people started to apply themselves to their jobs much more than before; the p[u]rsuit [of] money was initiated. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

appoint · verb T /əˈpɔɪnt/Full view
appoint
C1 to officially choose someone for a job
Dictionary example:

He was appointed as company director last year.

Learner example:

Moreover, with the liberation of Greece, he was appointed as the First Governor of the new state. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

appointment · noun /əˈpɔɪnt.mənt/Full view
appointment
A2 C a time you have arranged to meet someone or go somewhere
Dictionary examples:

a dental/doctor's appointment

I'd like to make an appointment with Doctor Evans, please.

I cancelled the appointment.

I've got an appointment to see Ms Edwards at two o'clock.

That's the second appointment he's missed.

Learner example:

I have an appointment with my solicitor at 5.00. (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Tigrinya)

appointment (JOB)
C2 C or U when you officially choose someone for an important job, or the job itself
Dictionary examples:

the appointment of three new teachers

a temporary appointment

appreciate · verb T /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/Full view
Nouns: appreciation
Adjectives: appreciable, appreciative
Verbs: appreciate
Adverbs: appreciatively
appreciate (VALUE)
B2 to understand how good something or someone is and be able to enjoy them
Dictionary examples:

There's no point buying him expensive wines - he doesn't appreciate them.

I don't think you appreciate how much time I spent preparing this meal.

Learner example:

It's like wine, it's impossible to drink a glass of wine quickly, you can't appreciate it. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

would appreciate
B2 used when you are politely requesting something
Dictionary example:

I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.

Learner example:

I would really appreciate a positive answer from your side. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

I/We appreciate...
B2 used when you are thanking someone or showing that you are grateful
Dictionary examples:

Thanks for all the help you gave us last weekend. We really appreciate it.

I appreciate your making the effort to come.

Learner example:

Thanks for your congratulations. I really appreciate it. (First Certificate in English; B2; Bulgarian)

appreciate (UNDERSTAND)
C2 to understand something about a situation, especially that it is complicated or difficult
Dictionary example:

I appreciate that it is a difficult decision for you to make.

Learner example:

Given the size of the house and the rather delicate nature of some of the furniture pieces, I appreciate that it may have been somewhat of a challenge. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Russian)

appreciation · noun U /əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/Full view
Nouns: appreciation
Adjectives: appreciable, appreciative
Verbs: appreciate
Adverbs: appreciatively
appreciation
B2 when you understand how good something or someone is and are able to enjoy them
Dictionary examples:

You've done so much to help us so, to show our appreciation, we've bought you a little gift.

The crowd cheered in appreciation.

Children rarely show any appreciation of/for what their parents do for them.

My appreciation of art has increased as I've got older.

Learner example:

To show our appreciation, we would also like to invite you to dinner afterwards at the Red Baron. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

approach · verb /əˈprəʊtʃ/Full view
approach (COME CLOSE)
B1 I or T to come close in distance or time
Dictionary examples:

Ladies and gentlemen, we are now approaching Paddington Station.

Christmas is fast approaching.

Learner example:

[The] holidays are approaching. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Romanian)

approach (DEAL WITH)
B2 T to deal with something
Dictionary example:

I'm not sure how to approach the problem.

Learner example:

This is the right way to approach the issue. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

approach · noun /əˈprəʊtʃ/
approach (METHOD)
B2 C a way of doing something
Dictionary examples:

In Sweden they have a different approach to the problem.

I thought we'd adopt/take a new approach.

Learner example:

This will show the contrast in teaching methods, different approaches to students and [the] techniques used by different teachers. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

approach (COMING CLOSER)
B2 U when something or someone gets nearer in distance or time
Dictionary examples:

The siren signalled the approach of an ambulance.

Please fasten your seat belts, the plane is now making its final approach (in)to Heathrow Airport.

appropriate · adjective /əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/Full view
appropriate
B2 suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion
Dictionary examples:

Is this film appropriate for small children?

I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time.

Learner example:

I will explain why I am an appropriate person for this job. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

appropriately · adverb /əˈprəʊ.pri.ət.li/Full view
appropriately
B2 in a way that is appropriate
Dictionary example:

She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.

Learner example:

I enjoyed reading it and I think it appropriately describes the atmosphere of that lovely town. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

approval · noun U /əˈpruː.vəl/Full view
Nouns: approval, disapproval
Verbs: approve, disapprove
Adverbs: approvingly
approval (GOOD OPINION)
B2 when you have a positive opinion of someone or something
Dictionary examples:

He showed his approval by smiling broadly.

Sam always tried hard to win his father's approval.

Does the wine meet with your approval?

Learner example:

I hope this meets [with] your approval and I am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

approval (PERMISSION)
B2 official permission
Dictionary examples:

The project has now received approval from the government.

The teacher gave the student a nod of approval.

Learner example:

Besides the questionable approval given by governmental authorities, the situation might be useful to us. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

approve · verb /əˈpruːv/Full view
Nouns: approval, disapproval
Verbs: approve, disapprove
Adverbs: approvingly
approve (AGREE)
B1 T to allow or officially agree to something
Dictionary examples:

The council has approved plans for a new shopping centre.

The court approved the sale of the property.

Learner example:

"Congratulation[s], your scholarship to [the] UK is approved." (Preliminary English Test; B1; Assamese)

approve (GOOD OPINION)
B2 I to think that something is good or right
Dictionary examples:

She doesn't approve of my friends.

He doesn't approve of smoking.

The head of department seems to approve of what I am doing.

Learner example:

Woods didn't approve of the government's attitude to them. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

approximate · adjective /əˈprɒk.sɪ.mət/Full view
Nouns: approximation
Adjectives: approximate
Verbs: approximate
Adverbs: approximately
approximate
B2 not completely accurate but close
Dictionary examples:

The train's approximate time of arrival is 10.30.

Can you give me an approximate idea of the numbers involved?

Learner example:

The approximate figure is about 5000 people. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

approximately · adverb /əˈprɒk.sɪ.mət.li/Full view
Nouns: approximation
Adjectives: approximate
Verbs: approximate
Adverbs: approximately
approximately
B1 close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time
Dictionary examples:

The job will take approximately two weeks, and cost around £1000.

The college has approximately 700 students.

Learner example:

From the airport of Larnaka you need approximately forty-five minutes by taxi, to Agia Napa. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Greek)

April · noun C or U /ˈeɪ.prəl/Full view
April
A1 the fourth month of the year, after March and before May
Dictionary examples:

20(th) April/April 20(th)

The meeting is on the fourth of April/April the fourth.

I did a course in London last April.

I'm doing a course in London next April.

We came back in April.

Learner example:

The art class will be on 21st April. (Key English Test; A2; Catalan)

arbitrary · adjective /ˈɑː.bɪt.rər.i/Full view
arbitrary
C2 not based on a system or principles and often seeming unfair
Dictionary example:

an arbitrary decision

Learner example:

As the conflict progresses, the influence of civilisation and democratic conduct fades away, being replaced and forced out by Jack's savagery and absolute and arbitrary rule. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

arch · noun C /ɑːtʃ/Full view
arch
C2 a curved structure that usually supports something, for example a bridge or wall
Dictionary example:

Passing through the arch, you enter an open courtyard.

Learner example:

She could have taken a short cut, but she chose this long and rather uncomfortable way deliberately, as it was leading past the old arch where a strange man used to play a violin. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

arch · verb I or T /ɑːtʃ/
arch
C2 to be a curved shape or make something become a curved shape
Dictionary example:

The bridge arched over the river.

Learner example:

Suddenly a flash arched across the sky, followed by an echoing rumble. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

archaeologist · noun C /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/Full view
archaeologist
C1 someone who studies ancient cultures by looking for and examining their buildings, tools, and other objects
Dictionary example:

Archaeologists believe the remains date back to the 5th century.

Learner example:

It includes articles from prominent journalists, scientists, archaeologists and other experts on Greek civilisation. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

archaeology · noun U /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/Full view
archaeology
C1 the study of ancient cultures by looking for and examining their buildings, tools, and other objects
Dictionary example:

He did archaeology at university.

Learner example:

But I have to admit that there could be more presentations to cover areas like archaeology, language, etc. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Russian)

architect · noun C /ˈɑː.kɪ.tekt/Full view
architect
B1 someone whose job is to design buildings
Dictionary example:

He trained as an architect in Edinburgh and then moved to London to find work.

Learner example:

He kn[e]w that I wanted to be an architect. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

architecture · noun U /ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/Full view
architecture (STYLE)
B1 the design and style of buildings
Dictionary examples:

Roman architecture

modern architecture

Learner example:

There are beautiful places like Merarejonban, which is outstanding in its architecture. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

architecture (SUBJECT)
B1 the skill of designing buildings
Dictionary example:

He studied architecture.

Learner example:

I want to study architecture in the U.K. but English is a problem, so I need spend a lot of time learn[ing] it. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

area · noun C /ˈeə.ri.ə/Full view
area (REGION)
A2 a region of a country or city
Dictionary examples:

All areas of the country will have some rain tonight.

Houses in the London area are very expensive.

This is a very poor area.

Learner example:

It's a tourist area. (Key English Test; A2; Turkish)

area (PART)
B1 a part of a building or piece of land used for a particular purpose
Dictionary example:

a play/picnic area

Learner example:

I'm staying in a very big hotel; it ha[s] a swimming pool, a golf area, gardens, and also a children['s] area. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Catalan)

area (SUBJECT)
B2 a part of a subject or activity
Dictionary examples:

Marketing is Paul's area.

Software is not really my area of expertise.

Learner example:

I am a 30-year-old Swedish male with a diploma in gardening. I have 6 years experience of the area since I have been employed by a Swedish fruit supplier. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

argue · verb /ˈɑːg.juː/Full view
Nouns: argument
Adjectives: arguable, argumentative
Verbs: argue
Adverbs: arguably
argue (DISAGREE)
B1 I to speak angrily to someone, telling them that you disagree with them
Dictionary examples:

My parents are always arguing.

Kids, will you stop arguing with each other?

They were arguing over/about which film to go and see.

Learner example:

Peter told her his parents had argued and he came with his mother to London. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

argue (GIVE REASONS)
B2 I or T to give reasons to support or oppose an idea, action, etc.
Dictionary examples:

The minister argued for/in favour of making cuts in military spending.

She argued against tax cuts.

The minister argued that cuts in military spending were needed.

Learner example:

It is often argued that family life is not important. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

argument · noun C /ˈɑːg.jʊ.mənt/Full view
Nouns: argument
Adjectives: arguable, argumentative
Verbs: argue
Adverbs: arguably
argument (DISAGREEMENT)
B1 an angry discussion with someone in which you both disagree
Dictionary examples:

The children had an argument about/over what game to play.

He got into an argument with a man in the pub last night.

Learner example:

I wrote a song last week. It's about my boyfriend and an argument he had with his parents about our relationship. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

argument (REASON)
B2 a reason or reasons why you support or oppose an idea, action, etc.
Dictionary examples:

There are many arguments for and against nuclear energy.

I don't think that's a very strong/powerful argument.

Learner example:

An argument in favour of this statement is that shopping is very tiring. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

arid · adjective /ˈær.ɪd/Full view
arid
C2 very dry and without enough rain for plants
Dictionary example:

an arid region/climate

Learner example:

It's like being taken from our 'arid desert' routine to a truly refreshing and invigorating oasis. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

arise · verb I /əˈraɪz/Full view
arise
C1 If a problem arises, it starts to happen.
Dictionary example:

The whole problem arose from a lack of communication.

Learner example:

Although the place was very good, a number of problems arose during our visit. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

arm · noun C /ɑːm/Full view
arm (BODY)
A1 the long part at each side of the human body, ending in a hand
Dictionary examples:

My arms ache from carrying this bag.

She put/threw her arms around me, and hugged me to her.

He took/held her in his arms.

Learner example:

I've a Tennis racket that I bought a year ago. I want to sell it because I've broken my arm. (Key English Test; A2; Italian)

arm (CHAIR)
C2 the part of a chair where your arm rests
Dictionary example:

The chair didn't have any arms.

Learner example:

It appears to me that the leather covering the left arm of the sofa has been pierced with some sharp object. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Marathi)

arm in arm
C2 with your arm gently supporting or being supported by someone else's arm
Dictionary example:

They walked through the park, arm in arm.

Learner example:

We often walked around the playground arm in arm. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Korean)

(keep sb) at arm's length
C2 to not allow someone to become too friendly with you
Dictionary example:

I always had the feeling she was keeping me at arm's length.

Learner example:

At first she keeps them at arm's length, but Mr Emerson is direct and advises Lucy to behave in a more natural way instead of doing what some old ladies say. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

armchair · noun C /ˈɑːm.tʃeər/Full view
armchair
A2 a comfortable chair with sides that support your arms
Dictionary example:

She sat in an armchair by the fire, reading a newspaper.

Learner example:

I want to sell my armchair and my television. (Key English Test; A2; Italian)

armed · adjective /ɑːmd/Full view
armed
B2 using or carrying weapons
Dictionary examples:

an armed robbery

armed conflict

armed guards/police

Learner example:

I could clearly understand that the two armed men would catch us within [a] few minutes. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

armed with sth
C2 carrying or knowing something that will be useful
Dictionary example:

I like to go to a meeting armed with the relevant facts.

Learner example:

We set off armed with all our cameras, lenses, travelling gadgets and equipment. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

army · noun /ˈɑː.mi/Full view
the army
B1 a particular country's fighting force
Dictionary examples:

When did you join the army?

He has decided on a career in the army.

The army was/were called out to enforce the curfew.

Learner example:

I work in the army and I need to know how and what I should do if I am in [a] war. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Arabic)

army
C2 a group of people that is organized to do the same job
Dictionary example:

an army of cleaners/helpers

Learner example:

There, you are surrounded by an army of waiters: one for the home-baked bread, one for the water, one for the wine, one for the food. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; French)

around · preposition /əˈraʊnd/Full view
around (IN A CIRCLE/CIRCULAR MOVEMENT)
A2 to surround or be on all sides of something, or in a circular movement
Dictionary examples:

We sat around the table.

He put his arm around her.

The moon goes around the Earth.

I walked around the building.

Learner example:

You can go around the lake by train. (Key English Test; A2; Italian)

around (TO OR IN A PLACE)
A2 to or in different parts of a place
Dictionary examples:

I spent a year travelling around Australia.

I used to live around here.

Learner example:

After that, we will walk around the shopping mall. (Key English Test; A2; Chinese)

around (APPROXIMATELY)
A2 about or approximately
Dictionary examples:

around two months ago

around four o'clock

She earns around forty thousand a year.

Learner example:

I think I'll arrive around 6.00 p.m. (Key English Test; A2; French)

around · adverb /əˈraʊnd/
around (TO/IN A PLACE)
A2 to or in different parts of a place
Dictionary examples:

I'm going to fly to Peru and travel around for six weeks.

She went into town and spent two hours just walking around.

Learner example:

Come and visit, I'll show you around. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Thai)

around (IN A CIRCLE/CIRCULAR MOVEMENT)
B1 in a circle or with circular movement
Dictionary examples:

She passed a plate of biscuits around.

This switch makes the wheels go around.

Learner example:

Hello, everybody. Please gather around. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

around (OPPOSITE DIRECTION)
B1 to the opposite direction
Dictionary examples:

Jonny turned around and looked at her.

The pianist spun around on the stool and faced his audience.

Learner example:

As the concert finished, I heard someone call my name. I turned around. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Greek)

be around
B2 If someone is around, they are present in a place.
Dictionary examples:

Will you be around next week?

Roger isn't around at the moment - can I help instead?

Learner example:

It was dark and not a soul was around. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

around (EXISTING)
C2 present or available
Dictionary example:

Mobile phones have been around for years now.

Learner example:

Major sporting competitions have been around for the better part of 2500 years, ever since the original Olympic Games were held in ancient Greece. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

arouse · verb T /əˈraʊz/Full view
arouse
C2 to make someone have a particular feeling or reaction
Dictionary example:

It's a subject which has aroused a lot of interest.

Learner example:

There was something about her that had aroused my interest. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

arrange · verb /əˈreɪndʒ/Full view
Nouns: arrangement
Verbs: arrange, rearrange
arrange (PLAN)
B1 I or T to make the necessary plans and preparations for something to happen
Dictionary examples:

The meeting has been arranged for Wednesday.

They arranged to have dinner the following month.

I've already arranged with him where to meet.

She's arranged for her son to have swimming lessons.

I'd arranged that they should arrive at the same time.

Learner example:

Dear Friends, It's a fantastic idea to come to my country in the holidays; we could arrange to meet somewhere. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

arrange (PUT IN POSITION)
B2 T to put objects in a particular order or position
Dictionary examples:

She arranged her birthday cards along the shelf.

Who arranged these flowers so beautifully?

His books are neatly arranged in alphabetical order.

Learner example:

Before the pop concert [started], I arranged the seats and carried some musical instruments. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

arrangement · noun /əˈreɪndʒ.mənt/Full view
Nouns: arrangement
Verbs: arrange, rearrange
arrangement (PLANS)
B1 C usually plural plans for how something will happen
Dictionary examples:

They'd made all the arrangements for the party.

Arrangements were made to move the prisoners to another jail.

What are your current childcare arrangements?

Learner example:

I'll make all [the] arrangements. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Czech)

arrangement (AGREEMENT)
B2 C or U an agreement between two people or groups
Dictionary examples:

We had an arrangement that he would clean the house and I would cook.

I'm sure we can come to an arrangement.

You can only withdraw money from this account by (prior) arrangement with the bank.

Learner example:

I didn't know if you would be in the house or not so you need to contact him for a new arrangement [on] this telephone number 333-30.30. (First Certificate in English; B2; Catalan)

arrangement (POSITION)
B2 C a group of objects in a particular order or position
Dictionary example:

a flower arrangement

Learner example:

Dear Mrs. Anderson, I have learned from a friend that your club gives advanced courses in flower arrangement. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

arrest · verb T /əˈrest/Full view
arrest
B1 If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime which they might have committed.
Dictionary examples:

She was arrested for drinking and driving.

He was arrested when customs officers found drugs in his bag.

Learner example:

To my horror, they arrested me. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Arabic)

arrest · noun C or U /əˈrest/
arrest
B2 when the police take someone away to ask them about a crime which they might have committed
Dictionary examples:

Police made twenty arrests at yesterday's demonstration.

She was stopped outside the shop and placed/put under arrest.

Learner example:

When I came around, Mr Smith was under arrest and fortunately, thing[s] finished well for me. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

arrival · noun /əˈraɪ.vəl/Full view
arrival
B1 U when someone or something arrives somewhere
Dictionary examples:

Hundreds gathered to await the boxer's arrival at the airport.

On arrival at the police station, they were taken to an interview room.

We regret the late arrival of Flight 237.

Learner example:

Can you confirm your arrival time next week? (Preliminary English Test; B1; Polish)

arrival (NEW PERSON/THING)
C1 C a new thing or person that has arrived
Dictionary example:

Two teachers were there to greet the new arrivals.

Learner example:

Secondly, a barbecue would be a good thing to do on the 1st of September, to welcome the new arrivals. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Portuguese)

arrival (BECOME AVAILABLE)
C2 U when something new is discovered or created or becomes available
Dictionary example:

The town grew rapidly with the arrival of the railway.

Learner example:

With the arrival of capitalism, the mass-production of garments inherent to this system has raised the issue of whether what people wear reflects their personality. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

arrive · verb I /əˈraɪv/Full view
arrive
A2 to reach a place, especially at the end of a journey
Dictionary examples:

What time does your train arrive?

It was dark by the time we arrived at the station.

We arrived in Prague later that day.

I ordered some DVDs over a month ago, but they still haven't arrived.

Learner example:

I'm arriving at four o'clock. (Key English Test; A2; Greek)

arrive at an answer/conclusion/decision, etc.
C2 to find an answer to a problem or make a decision after a lot of discussion
Dictionary example:

We didn't arrive at any firm conclusions.

Learner example:

[This is] something very important which should be discussed... we may arrive at a conclusion. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

arrogant · adjective /ˈær.ə.gənt/Full view
arrogant
B2 believing that you are better or more important than other people
Dictionary example:

I found him arrogant and rude.

Learner example:

Chubby, arrogant and filthy were the words that described him best. Every time they met, a bitter feeling of hatre[d] bloomed in her throat. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

arrow · noun C /ˈær.əʊ/Full view
arrow (SYMBOL)
B2 a symbol used on a sign, on a computer, etc. to show direction
Dictionary example:

I followed the arrows to the car park.

Learner example:

I followed its arrow and believe it or not I found mum! (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

arrow (WEAPON)
B2 a weapon that is like a long thin stick with a sharp point at one end and often feathers at the other, shot from a bow
Dictionary example:

Robin Hood asked to be buried where his arrow landed.

Learner example:

The museum has many old axes, crossbows, bows and arrows. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

art · noun /ɑːt/Full view
Nouns: art, artist, artistry
Adjectives: artistic
Adverbs: artistically
art (PAINTINGS/DRAWINGS, ETC.)
A2 U the making or study of paintings, drawings, etc. or the objects created
Dictionary examples:

modern art

an art exhibition/gallery

Art and English were my best subjects at school.

Learner example:

The new art class after school is on Wednesday. (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

arts
B2 creative areas including painting, drama, dance, music, etc.
Dictionary examples:

fine/decorative arts

She's doing a course in the performing arts.

Learner example:

You can enjoy both traditional and contemporary performing arts in Osaka. (First Certificate in English; B2; Japanese)

arts
C1 subjects, such as history, languages and philosophy, that are not scientific subjects
Dictionary examples:

an arts subject

the Arts Faculty

an arts graduate/degree

Learner example:

The same percentage of graduates from arts and social science and science areas became unemployed after finishing university. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Byelorussian)

art (SKILL)
C1 C or U a skill in a particular activity
Dictionary example:

the art of conversation

Learner example:

In my opinion, spoken English is the best course at the school and it really gives one good practice in the art of negotiation. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

article · noun C /ˈɑː.tɪ.kl ̩/Full view
article (NEWSPAPER)
B1 a piece of writing on a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine
Dictionary example:

There was an interesting article on climate change in the paper yesterday.

Learner example:

I read an article about this zoo in the newspaper. (Preliminary English Test; B1; French)

article (GRAMMAR)
B1 in grammar, used to mean the words 'a', 'an' and 'the'
Dictionary example:

There's a definite article missing before the noun.

artificial · adjective /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/Full view
artificial (NOT NATURAL)
B2 not natural, but made by people
Dictionary examples:

an artificial flower/lake

artificial flavourings

Learner example:

First, most shop[p]ing centres use artificial illumination, which is bad for our health. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

artificial (NOT SINCERE)
C2 not sincere
Dictionary example:

Their cheerfulness seemed rather strained and artificial.

Learner example:

Miss Bartlett probably comes from the poorer part of the family and that is why she always tries to show her unselfishness to Lucy but this is done in a very artificial and annoying way. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

artificial intelligence · noun U /ˌɑː.tɪˌfɪʃ.əl.ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒənts/Full view
artificial intelligence
C2 the use of computer technology to do jobs that previously needed human intelligence
Dictionary example:

This is a clearly written, but extremely superficial, introduction to the field of artificial intelligence (AI).

Learner example:

True artificial intelligence, one of the most terrifying dreams of man, is yet to be discovered, but we must handle it with great care if we don't want to suffer the consequences of a world in which machines start to think for us, this making our exist[e]nce completely pointless. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

artificially · adverb /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl.i/Full view
artificially
B2 in an artificial way
Dictionary example:

Most mushrooms sold in supermarkets have been grown artificially in manure.

Learner example:

Zoos are part of nature, despite the fact that they are created artificially. (First Certificate in English; B2; German)

artist · noun C /ˈɑː.tɪst/Full view
Nouns: art, artist, artistry
Adjectives: artistic
Adverbs: artistically
artist
A2 someone who paints, draws or makes sculptures
Dictionary example:

Monet is one of my favourite artists.

Learner example:

You have to bring a pencil and paintings to copy [by] famous artists like Goya. (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

artistic · adjective /ɑːˈtɪs.tɪk/Full view
Nouns: art, artist, artistry
Adjectives: artistic
Adverbs: artistically
artistic (CREATIVE ABILITY)
B2 showing skill and imagination in creating things, especially in painting, drawing, etc.
Dictionary examples:

Both children are very artistic.

artistic talent

Learner example:

If the museum is a place were they can say how they feel, or express it in an abstract or artistic way, they will start to like it. (First Certificate in English; B2; )

artistic (RELATING TO ART)
B2 always before noun relating to any form of art, including painting, literature, theatre, music, etc.
Dictionary examples:

the artistic director of the theatre

a work of artistic merit

Learner example:

That would be perfect to improve the artistic and cultural life of Turin. (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

as · adverb; preposition /æz/Full view
as (JOB)
A1 used to talk about the job someone has
Dictionary example:

She works as a waitress.

Learner example:

He work[s] in a school as a teacher. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

as well
A1 also
Dictionary example:

Are you going to invite Steve as well?

Learner example:

Dylma goes to school every day and work[s] as well. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

as well as
A2 in addition to
Dictionary examples:

There are soft drinks as well as coffee and tea.

They have lived in the United States as well as Britain.

Learner example:

I like pop as well as country music. (Key English Test; A2; Portuguese)

as (USE)
A2 having a particular use
Dictionary example:

We used the box as a table.

Learner example:

It is very useful because you can use it as a camera. (Key English Test; A2; Spanish)

as ... as
A2 used to compare two things, people, amounts, etc.
Dictionary examples:

She'll soon be as tall as her mother.

I can't run as fast as you.

The food here isn't as good as it used to be.

She earns three times as much as I do.

Learner example:

The air isn't as good as in the countryside because of the pollution. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

as much/quickly/soon, etc. as possible
A2 as much/quickly/soon, etc. as something can happen or be done
Dictionary examples:

Please sit down as quickly as possible.

I'll go as soon as possible.

Learner example:

I need it as soon as possible. (Key English Test; A2; Malay)

as usual
A2 in the way that happens most of the time
Dictionary example:

As usual, James was the last to arrive.

Learner example:

As usual, I'll travel by plane. (Key English Test; A2; French)

as (BEING OR APPEARING)
B1 being or appearing to be a particular thing
Dictionary examples:

He was dressed as a pirate.

As a young man, he was very lonely.

Learner example:

She was there, standing in front of me, still dressed as a bride, with tears in her eyes. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

as soon as
B1 at the same time or a very short time after
Dictionary example:

As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong.

Learner example:

As soon as the rain stopped, I called my friend and we all continued walking in the park, and we all enjoyed ourselves. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Georgian)

as for
B2 used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a slightly different subject, but one that is connected in some way
Dictionary example:

I was pleased about the news. As for Emily, well, who cares what she thinks?

Learner example:

As for Chris, he agreed with me to do fifty kilometres on Saturday and stay at the Lakeside Inn. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

as a result of sth
B2 because of something
Dictionary example:

Unemployment has risen as a result of the credit crunch.

Learner example:

[O]n more than one oc[c]asion I missed the new releases or arrived late, as a result of trusting the [cinema's] website. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

as a whole
B2 when considered as a group and not in parts
Dictionary example:

The population as a whole is getting healthier.

Learner example:

To sum up, I can say that the greatest ever invention is the invention of computers, that has affected both indivi[d]uals and society as a whole. (First Certificate in English; B2; Japanese)

as a matter of fact
B2 used to give more information, or to correct something that has been said
Dictionary examples:

John plays golf professionally. As a matter of fact, he has just won a big competition.

"So you're from Cambridge?" "No, as a matter of fact, I'm from Bristol."

Learner example:

I think it would be better to choose somewhere outdoors. As a matter of fact, I prefer the open air and the sunlight! (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

as follows
B2 used to introduce a list or description
Dictionary example:

The main reasons are as follows.

Learner example:

The summary of relevant points and recommendations are as follows: 1. Both of them are located in the centre of town. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

as it happens
C1 something that you say in order to introduce a surprising fact
Dictionary example:

As it happens, her birthday is the day after mine.

Learner example:

As it happens, I am currrently looking for a computer course for myself and I would like to join one of your courses. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Hebrew)

as many as
C1 used before a number or amount to show that the number or amount is large
Dictionary example:

As many as 6,000 people may have been infected with the disease.

Learner example:

As many as 90% of them went to [the] cinema on a regular basis in 1990, with the peak of [a] 95% attendance rate taking place in 1996. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Thai)

as opposed to
C2 used to say that two things are very different
Dictionary example:

I'm talking about English football, as opposed to European football.

Learner example:

Love is accepting people as they are, being tolerant and giving freedom, as opposed to possessive love, which is what is often - if not always - understood by love. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

do sth as you see/think fit
C2 to do something that you feel is the right thing to do, although other people might disapprove
Dictionary example:

You must spend the money as you see fit.

Learner example:

Do as you think fit! (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; French)

as the/its name implies ()
C2 used to show that the name of something tells you something about it
Dictionary example:

The Long Room, as its name implies, runs the entire length of the house.

Learner example:

Sour Sweet, as the name implies, is originally a Chinese restaurant. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

as it stands
C2 as something is now, without changes in it
Dictionary example:

The law as it stands is very unclear.

Learner example:

In my opinion, this debate is rooted in a deeper questioning of society's foundations: some people see society as it stands today as inherently flawed, an amorphous group of people who follow and worship anyone that gives them pleasure. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

as if/as though
B2 used to describe how a situation seems to be
Dictionary examples:

It looks as if it might rain.

It was as though we had known each other for years.

Learner example:

Everything was so familiar, as though he [had] never left the place. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

as far as sb is concerned
B2 used to show what someone thinks about something
Dictionary examples:

As far as I'm concerned, feng shui is a load of rubbish.

As far as our customers are concerned, price is the main consideration.

Learner example:

As far as Laura was concerned, he was the most disgusting man in the world. (First Certificate in English; B2; Turkish)

as far as sth is concerned
B2 used to tell someone what you are talking about
Dictionary example:

As far as money is concerned, we're doing very well.

Learner example:

First of all, I think the Majestic Hotel would be the right location, but I have doubts as far as the costs are concerned. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

as long as
B1 used to say that something must happen before something else can happen
Dictionary examples:

I can come as long as I can leave by 4.00.

Bring your friends by all means - just as long as I know how many are coming.

Learner example:

The colo[u]rs I wear are not important, as long as I don't wear any pink clothes. I really dislike that colo[u]r. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

as far as I know
B2 used to say that you think something is true, but cannot be sure
Dictionary example:

As far as I know, he's never been in trouble with the police.

Learner example:

As far as I know, accommodation at Camp California is in tents or log cabins. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

as yet
C1 until and including this time
Dictionary examples:

We haven't needed extra staff as yet, but may do in the future.

No ambulances had as yet managed to get across the river.

Learner example:

I would like to do something about it, but as I can't imagine building anything near my beautiful house (because I'm afraid it would destroy its wonderful harmony), I have no idea as yet how to solve this problem. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

as · conjunction /æz/
as (BECAUSE)
A2 because
Dictionary examples:

As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.

You can go first as you're the oldest.

Learner example:

I need it as I have to return it to the library. (Key English Test; A2; Tamil)

as (WHILE)
B1 while or during the time that
Dictionary examples:

I saw him as I was coming into the building.

He gets more attractive as he gets older.

Learner example:

After spending two hours searching for her I started to feel desperate, but just as I was ready to give up, the sky got normal again and I found myself [at] my own wedding and she was my wife! (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

as (LIKE)
B1 in the same way
Dictionary examples:

He got divorced, (just) as his parents had done years before.

This year, as in previous years, tickets sold very quickly.

As with his earlier movies, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant.

Learner example:

As we expected, we are going to see a movie tonight. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

ashamed · adjective never before noun /əˈʃeɪmd/Full view
Nouns: shame
Adjectives: ashamed, shameful, shameless, unashamed
Verbs: shame
Adverbs: shamefully, shamelessly
ashamed
B1 feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you have done
Dictionary examples:

You've got nothing to be ashamed of.

She ought to be ashamed of herself - talking to her mother like that!

He was ashamed to admit to his mistake.

I was ashamed that I'd made so little effort.

I felt so ashamed of myself for making such a fuss.

Learner example:

He felt very ashamed and didn't know what to do. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

be ashamed of sb
B2 to be angry and disappointed with a family member or friend because they have behaved badly
Dictionary example:

My brother was so rude to Jane - I was ashamed of him.

Learner example:

I was very ashamed of them. [They] came from [my] own country. (First Certificate in English; B2; Japanese)

aside · adverb /əˈsaɪd/Full view
aside (MOVE TO SIDE)
B2 on or to one side
Dictionary examples:

Stand aside, please, and let these people pass.

He pulled the curtain aside.

I gave her a plate of food but she pushed it aside.

She took me aside to tell me the news.

Learner example:

I saw an old man slowly pull it aside and peep out, looking [at] the street with his eyes wide open. (First Certificate in English; B2; French)

aside (SAVE)
B2 If you put or set something aside, you do not use it now, but keep it to use later.
Dictionary example:

We've put some money aside for the holiday.

Learner example:

I had put some money aside for a month, thinking about the discount. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

aside from sth
B2 except for
Dictionary example:

This document needs finishing, but aside from that I think everything is done.

Learner example:

Secondly, it is unfair to say the other performers were second-rate aside from the 'Torrents', since they all sang and played very well. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

ask · verb /ɑːsk/Full view
ask (QUESTION)
A1 I or T to say a question to someone which you want them to answer
Dictionary examples:

She asked me a question.

Can I ask you something?

She asked me about my parents.

I asked why the plane was so late.

"Why is Sara crying?" he asked.

Learner example:

You asked me about a day at college. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; German)

ask (INVITE)
A2 T to invite someone to do something
Dictionary examples:

I've asked David to the party.

I've asked David to come to the party.

"Are you going to Muriel's party?" "No, I haven't been asked."

Ian's asked us over for dinner next Friday.

Ian's asked us round to/for dinner next Friday.

In fact they've asked us to stay for the whole weekend.

Learner example:

Thank you for asking me to your wedding. (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Thai)

ask (REQUEST)
B1 I or T to say something to someone because you want them to do something
Dictionary example:

They've asked me to look after their dog while they're away.

Learner example:

I want to apologize for not going to your class tomorrow, it's not that I don't want to go but my mother asked me to take care of my sister because she is s[ic]k and my parents have to work. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

ask (WANT SOMETHING)
B1 I or T to say something to someone because you want them to give you something
Dictionary examples:

He's asked for a bike for his birthday.

He's asked us for a new bike.

Learner example:

I can ask my parents for a stereo for Christmas, but I'm not sure if they will agree or not. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Russian)

ask (WANT PERMISSION)
B1 I or T to say something to someone because you want to know if you can do something
Dictionary example:

Bruce asked if he could stay with us for a few days.

Learner example:

I am going to travel with my girlfriend Anna, so I am writing you this email to ask if you can lend me your bicycle for a week. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

Don't ask!
B2 said when someone asks you about an experience that was very bad
Dictionary example:

"How was the meeting?" "Don't ask!"

Learner example:

Don't ask me how the concert was! (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

Don't ask me
B2 used to tell someone that you do not know the answer to a question and that you are surprised they have asked you
Dictionary example:

"So why would she leave such a good job?" "Don't ask me!"

if you ask me
C2 said when giving your opinion on something
Dictionary example:

If you ask me, he doesn't really care about his friends.

Learner example:

If you ask me, the things that matter in a job are the people [you] work with and feeling happy about the work you are doing. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

ask yourself sth
C2 to think about something carefully
Dictionary example:

You've got to ask yourself whether it's what you really want.

Learner example:

You have to ask yourself what life is worth in these situations. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Dutch)

asleep · adjective never before noun /əˈsliːp/Full view
Nouns: sleep, sleeper, sleepiness, sleeplessness
Adjectives: asleep, sleepless, sleepy
Verbs: sleep
Adverbs: sleepily
asleep
B1 sleeping or not awake
Dictionary examples:

The children are asleep.

I fell asleep as soon as my head hit the pillow.

I'm surprised to see you awake - ten minutes ago you were fast/sound asleep.

I've only just got up and I'm still half asleep.

Learner example:

I fell asleep, and when I woke up, I realised that I had lost it. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

fast asleep
C2 completely asleep
Dictionary example:

I looked into her room but she was still fast asleep.

Learner example:

Karen's grandson walks into the room to find her fast asleep on her favourite chair. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

aspect · noun C /ˈæs.pekt/Full view
aspect
B2 one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc.
Dictionary examples:

Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy?

That's the most worrying aspect of the situation.

Learner example:

Every aspect of our daily life is influenced by technology. (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

aspiration · noun C usually plural /ˌæs.pərˈeɪ.ʃən/Full view
aspiration
C2 something that you hope to achieve
Dictionary example:

I've never had any political aspirations.

Learner example:

A career should reflect a person's beliefs and aspirations, not their bank account. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Greek)

aspire · verb /əˈspaɪər/Full view
aspire to sth; aspire to do sth
C2 to hope to achieve something
Dictionary example:

He has never aspired to a position of power.

Learner example:

[The] younger generation often see some of these people as role-models and aspire to a similar career and easy fame, but although I can understand their interest, I do not see this as a positive thing. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

aspirin · noun C or U /ˈæs.prɪn/Full view
aspirin
B1 a common drug used to reduce pain and fever
Dictionary example:

I took a couple of aspirin.

Learner example:

I took an aspirin quickly. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

aspiring · adjective /əˈspaɪə.rɪŋ/Full view
an aspiring actor/politician/writer, etc.
C2 someone who is trying to become a successful actor/politician/writer, etc.
Dictionary example:

If you are an aspiring artist, you will enjoy the special painting and sketching week they hold three times a year.

Learner example:

Mary Peterson was a young woman who was an aspiring journalist. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

assault · noun C or U /əˈsɔːlt/Full view
assault
C2 an attack
Dictionary examples:

an assault on a police officer

sexual assault

Learner example:

Rapes, assaults, murders, burglaries, [and] robberies have been so frequent that a lot of technological progress has been made in order to prevent these from happening. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

assault · verb T /əˈsɔːlt/
assault
C2 to attack someone violently
Dictionary example:

He was assaulted by a youth who cannot be named.

Learner example:

I remember that once my parents prevented three hooligans from assaulting a girl. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Chinese)

assemble · verb /əˈsem.bl ̩/Full view
assemble (GROUP)
C2 I or T to join other people somewhere to make a group, or to bring people together into a group
Dictionary example:

They assembled in the meeting room after lunch.

Learner example:

Soon a rescue team was assembled by experienced skiers and climbers, and started com[b]ing the mountain looking for the missing snowboarder. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

assemble (BUILD)
C2 T to build something by joining parts together
Dictionary example:

Their furniture is easy to assemble.

Learner example:

[As well as] relaxing while assembling model aircraft or boats and meeting new friends, the course-takers could learn a fact or two about history as well. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Serbian)

assembly · noun /əˈsem.bli/Full view
assembly (GROUP)
C2 C a group of people, such as a government, who meet to make decisions, laws, etc.
Dictionary examples:

the national assembly

the United Nations General Assembly

Learner example:

I hope that it won't be necessary to talk to our local Assembly represent[ative], because that would only make this process longer. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

assembly (BUILD)
C2 U when you build something by joining parts together
Dictionary example:

The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine assembly.

Learner example:

Major factories the world over incorporate automated robots into their assembly lines. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Chinese)

assert · verb /əˈsɜːt/Full view
assert
C1 T to say that something is certainly true
Dictionary example:

He asserts that she stole money from him.

Learner example:

Our department have already consulted [the] local Marketing Training Centre, which asserted that these employees are eligible to take the course. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Russian)

assert yourself
C2 to behave or speak in a strong, confident way
Dictionary example:

She has to learn to assert herself.

Learner example:

Such an attitude may also be the result of little pangs of homesickness or of our need to assert ourselves, to feel superior in a foreign country. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; French)

assert your authority/control/independence, etc.
C2 to do something to show other people that you have power
Dictionary example:

She soon asserted her authority as leader.

Learner example:

He can assert his authority over all the boys who are there. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

assertive · adjective /əˈsɜː.tɪv/Full view
assertive
C2 behaving or speaking in a strong, confident way
Dictionary example:

You need to be much more assertive.

Learner example:

I want to learn how to be more assertive, find emotional independence, fulfil my dreams, be more tolerant, less sarcastic and, most importantly, be given the precious gift of patience. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

assess · verb T /əˈses/Full view
assess
B2 to make a judgement about the quality, size or value, etc. of something
Dictionary examples:

Examinations are a way of assessing a student's ability.

They assessed the cost of the flood damage at £1500.

We need to assess whether the project is worth doing.

Learner example:

The aim of this report is to compare and assess the architecture, food and service of two restaurants in my area. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

assessment · noun C or U /əˈses.mənt/Full view
assessment
B2 when you make a judgement about the quality, size or value, etc. of something
Dictionary example:

That's a fair assessment of the situation.

Learner example:

Secondly, I was a little bit upset about your assessment of [the] other performers because they showed us their great musical talents. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

asset · noun /ˈæ.set/Full view
asset (USEFUL)
C1 C a person, skill or quality which is useful or helps you to succeed
Dictionary example:

He'll be a great asset to the team.

Learner example:

I am sure that you will be more than satisfied with him and that he is going to be an asset to your hotel. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

asset (WORTH MONEY)
C1 C usually plural something which a person or company owns which has a value
Dictionary example:

The company has $70 billion in assets.

Learner example:

Somehow, all his assets were frozen by the bank and the family became poor overnight. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Akan)

assign · verb T /əˈsaɪn/Full view
assign
C1 to give someone a particular job or responsibility
Dictionary examples:

UN forces were assigned the task of rebuilding the hospital.

The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.

Learner example:

Some of the work they were assigned was quite boring for them. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Japanese)

assign sb to sth
C2 to give someone a particular job or place to work
Dictionary example:

Which police officer has been assigned to this case?

Learner example:

She was assigned to Sanming Police Station. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Chinese)

assignment · noun C /əˈsaɪn.mənt/Full view
assignment
C1 a piece of work given to someone, especially as part of their studies or job
Dictionary examples:

a freelance/photo assignment

The assignment is due on Friday.

Learner example:

As your know, I must do the group assignment for Project Management. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Chinese)

assist · verb I or T /əˈsɪst/Full view
assist
B2 to help
Dictionary examples:

The army arrived to assist in the search.

You will be expected to assist the editor with the selection of illustrations for the book.

Learner example:

However, I used to assist my brother, who is a photographer. (First Certificate in English; B2; Turkish)

assistance · noun U /əˈsɪs.tənts/Full view
assistance
B2 help
Dictionary examples:

Can I be of any assistance, madam?

Teachers can't give pupils any assistance in exams.

Learner example:

Thank you for your assistance. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

assistant · noun C /əˈsɪs.tənt/Full view
a sales/shop assistant
A2 someone who helps customers in a shop
Dictionary example:

The sales assistant persuaded me to buy them.

Learner example:

I want [to do] this course because it can help me to get [a] job as a shop assistant. (Skills for Life (Entry 2); A2; Thai)

assistant
B1 someone whose job is to help a person who has a more important job
Dictionary examples:

an administrative assistant

an assistant editor/manager

Learner example:

He went to take the bag from his assistant. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Malay)

associate · verb /əˈsəʊ.si.eɪt/Full view
be associated with sth
B2 to be related to something or caused by something
Dictionary example:

There are many risks associated with smoking.

Learner example:

Undoubtedly there are both positive and negative points associated with this topic. (First Certificate in English; B2; Dutch)

associate
C1 T to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else
Dictionary example:

Most people associate this brand with good quality.

Learner example:

Nowadays we tend to associate computer games or television with young people. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Spanish)

associate with sb
C2 to spend time with a group of people, especially people who are disapproved of
Dictionary example:

I don't want my children associating with drug addicts and alcoholics.

Learner example:

This is a place where a lot of homeless people find shelter and even drug addicts go there to hide. So, it is clear that it is essential to protect our children from associating with all these people. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

association · noun /əˌsəʊ.siˈeɪ.ʃən/Full view
association
B2 C an organization of people with the same interests or with a particular purpose
Dictionary example:

The Football Association

Learner example:

I am a member of the local Kung-Fu Association. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

in association with
C1 working together with
Dictionary example:

The event was organized in association with the Sports Council.

Learner example:

This service, which will be [provided] in association with Foster Loft, will be available at the end of 2005. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Swiss German)

association (CONNECTION)
C2 C or U a connection or relationship between two things or people
Dictionary example:

There is no association between the two groups.

Learner example:

The second example is people who wear clothes such as black le[a]ther suits and black or purple lip-stick, showing their association with a particular genre of music. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Japanese)

assume · verb T /əˈsjuːm/Full view
assume
B2 to think that something is true, without question or proof
Dictionary examples:

I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school.

I invited her just assuming she would want to come.

Learner example:

The police assumed he was lying so they put him [in] jail. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

assume control/power/responsibility, etc.
C2 to take a position of control/power/responsibility, etc.
Dictionary example:

He has assumed the role of spokesman for the group.

Learner example:

She got involved in the marketing business there and assumed responsibility very soon - she became the marketing director for continental Europe. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

assumption · noun /əˈsʌmp.ʃən/Full view
assumption
C1 C something that you think is true without having any proof
Dictionary examples:

People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability.

These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise.

Learner example:

But if this assumption is right, and if you consider how much fashion has changed over the last 60 years, does this mean that we are so very different from our grandparents? (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; German)

assurance · noun /əˈʃʊə.rənts/Full view
assurance (PROMISE)
C1 C a promise
Dictionary example:

He gave us an assurance that it would not happen again.

Learner example:

Again, may I give my assurances that the above two requests [for] equipment acquisition would be money well spent for our company. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Thai)

assurance (CONFIDENCE)
C2 U confidence
Dictionary example:

He spoke with calm assurance.

Learner example:

'I urge you to stay calm and wait for the rescue team,' said Mark with assurance. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Korean)

assure · verb T /əˈʃʊər/Full view
assure (SAY WITH CERTAINTY)
B2 to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry
Dictionary example:

She assured him (that) the car would be ready the next day.

Learner example:

If you decide to live in the capital, I can assure you there are plenty of sports facilities here, such as tennis courts, basketball courts, football fields, swimming centres and many more. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

assure (MAKE CERTAIN)
C1 to make something certain to happen
Dictionary example:

This loan should assure the company's future.

Learner example:

The PT is guaranteed to assure higher test results or your money back! (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Russian)

astonished · adjective /əˈstɒn.ɪʃt/Full view
astonished
B2 very surprised
Dictionary examples:

I was astonished to see Miriam there.

They looked astonished when I announced I was pregnant.

The doctors were astonished at the speed of her recovery.

Learner example:

She was astonished when she saw what [wa]s in front of her. (First Certificate in English; B2; Serbian)

astonishing · adjective /əˈstɒn.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/Full view
astonishing
B2 very surprising
Dictionary examples:

Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing level of success.

It's astonishing to think that only a few years ago Communism dominated eastern Europe.

Learner example:

The colour of the sea was astonishing and the mountains were so magical! (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

astonishment · noun U /əˈstɒn.ɪʃ.mənt/Full view
astonishment
B2 very great surprise
Dictionary examples:

To my astonishment, she started laughing.

She gasped in astonishment.

Learner example:

To our astonishment, we were in front of a small house which seemed to have been built centuries ago. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

astronomy · noun U /əˈstrɒn.ə.mi/Full view
astronomy
C2 the scientific study of stars and planets
Dictionary example:

This is the biggest step forward in astronomy since Galileo's first telescope over four hundred years ago.

Learner example:

Her father was famous for his vast knowledge of astronomy and books he wrote on this subject. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

at · preposition /æt/Full view
at (PLACE)
A1 used to show the place or position of something
Dictionary examples:

She's at home/work.

We met at the station.

We'll meet you at the entrance.

She's sitting at the table in the corner.

She was standing at the top of the stairs.

There's someone at the door.

We spent the afternoon at a football match.

Learner example:

I met [her] at sewing classes. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Urdu)

at (TIME)
A1 used to show the time something happens
Dictionary examples:

There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon.

Are you free at lunchtime?

In theory, women can still have children at the age of 50.

I'm busy at the moment - can you call back later?

At no point did the company do anything illegal.

Learner example:

I go to work at 7.30. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

at (DIRECTION)
A1 towards or in the direction of
Dictionary examples:

She smiled at me.

They waved at us as we drove by.

"Look at me! Look at me!" called the little girl.

Learner example:

I like walk[ing] around these lakes and look[ing] at ducks and swans. (Skills for Life (Entry 1); A1; Polish)

at (EMAIL ADDRESS)
A1 the @ symbol, used in email addresses to separate the name of a person, department, etc. from the name of the company
Dictionary example:

dictionary at cambridge dot org

at (CAUSE)
A2 used to show the cause of something, especially a feeling
Dictionary examples:

We were surprised at the news.

I was quite excited at the prospect.

Why does no one ever laugh at my jokes?

Learner example:

I was very surprised at my English teacher, as she is an old lady and must be at least seventy years old. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

at least
A2 as much as, or more than, a number, amount, distance, etc.
Dictionary examples:

It will cost at least £500.

You'll have to wait at least an hour.

Learner example:

I can write at least once a week. (Key English Test; A2; Chinese)

at (ABILITY)
B1 used after an adjective to show a person's ability to do something
Dictionary examples:

I'm not very good at skiing.

He's very talented at maths.

Learner example:

She is really good at tennis. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Turkish)

at all
B1 used for emphasis in questions or negative statements, to mean in any way or of any type
Dictionary examples:

Can I help at all?

He hasn't changed at all.

Learner example:

The sun was shining and there were no clouds at all, so we could see the light blue sky. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

at his/its, etc. best ()
B1 at the highest level of achievement or quality
Dictionary example:

The article is an example of journalism at its best.

Learner example:

I enjoyed this trip because we got to stay in the countryside and [see] nature at its very best. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

at (long) last
B1 finally
Dictionary example:

At last, I've found a pair of jeans that actually fit.

Learner example:

At last, all of us agreed on "Cinema Farhang". (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

at least
B1 even if nothing else happens or is true
Dictionary example:

If you can't manage to clean the whole house, at least make sure the kitchen is clean.

Learner example:

We could go shopping or at least go and have an ice-cream somewhere. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

at least
B1 something that you say when you are telling someone about an advantage in a bad situation
Dictionary example:

It's a small house but at least there's a garden.

Learner example:

It is not impressive but at least it has some things that I like. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

at first
B1 at the beginning of a situation or period of time
Dictionary example:

At first I thought she was unfriendly, but actually she's just shy.

Learner example:

At first, when I arrived I was very nervous because I didn't know anyone, but then a girl started talking to me and I felt better. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

at the same time
B1 If two things happen at the same time, they happen together.
Dictionary example:

We arrived at the same time.

Learner example:

The kind of clothes I most like [are] casual but fashionable at the same time. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

at once
B1 immediately
Dictionary example:

I knew at once that I'd like it here.

Learner example:

She called for an ambulance which came at once. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

at present
B1 now
Dictionary example:

At present she's working abroad.

Learner example:

Firstly, I have to tell you that at present, I am studying journalism and I have a good knowledge of computers. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

at least
B2 used to reduce the effect of a statement
Dictionary example:

I've met the President - at least, he shook my hand once.

Learner example:

But after years of developing my slalom, I wanted to learn something new, [s]o, I started Hot-Dogging. Hot-Dog is great fun. At least, people say so. (First Certificate in English; B2; Swedish)

at (AMOUNT)
B2 used to show a price, temperature, rate, speed, etc.
Dictionary example:

He was driving at 120 mph when the police spotted him.

at all costs
B2 If something must be done at all costs, it is very important that it is done.
Dictionary example:

We have to succeed at all costs.

Learner example:

One thing was sure: he was convinced [he had] to save Anne's life at all costs. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

at sb's disposal
B2 available for you to use at any time
Dictionary example:

We will have a car at our disposal for the whole trip.

Learner example:

But on Wednesday morning I'm at your disposal. (First Certificate in English; B2; Russian)

at fault
B2 responsible for something bad that has happened
Dictionary example:

I was at fault and I would like to apologize.

Learner example:

I really felt at fault. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

at risk
B2 being in a situation where something bad is likely to happen
Dictionary examples:

All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.

Releasing these prisoners puts the public at risk.

Learner example:

Lives are at risk! (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

at an angle
C1 not horizontal or vertical, but sloping
Dictionary examples:

He wore his hat at an angle.

The boat settled into the mud at a 35 degree angle.

Learner example:

After purchasing the G5X-1 food processor from your shop last month I discovered, upon connecting it to the mains socket and switching it on, that I needed to tilt the unit at an angle for it to work. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Others)

at the expense of sth
C1 If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing.
Dictionary example:

He spent a lot of time at work, at the expense of his marriage.

Learner example:

Unfortunately one is usually done at the expense of the other. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

at face value
C1 If you accept something at face value because of the way it first looks or seems, you do so without thinking carefully about it.
Dictionary examples:

You can't just accept everything you read in the newspapers at face value.

These results should not be taken at face value - careful analysis is required to assess their full implications.

Learner example:

People are assessed at face value [by] the type of cars they drive. (International English Language Testing System; C1; Amharic)

at a glance
C1 If you see something at a glance, you see it very quickly or immediately.
Dictionary example:

He could tell at a glance that something was wrong.

Learner example:

You could tell at a glance that Peter was a loner. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

at hand
C1 near in time or space
Dictionary example:

Teachers are always close at hand to give help to any child who needs it.

Learner example:

I haven't had any lectures in English, but now and then there are lectures in English at the University so you need to understand the spoken language with no dictionary at hand. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Swedish)

at the very least
C1 not less than, and probably much more than
Dictionary examples:

At the very least, you should apologize.

We should earn £500 at the very least.

Learner example:

Thus, I trust you will agree that at the very least I deserve a letter of explanation from you and a substantial refund of my money. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Korean)

at short notice
C1 only a short time before something happens
Dictionary example:

I had to give a speech at very short notice.

Learner example:

The fact that the speech by the famous actor was cancelled at short notice was disappointing. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Greek)

at once
C1 at the same time
Dictionary example:

They all started talking at once.

Learner example:

The study centre is really small and all the students talk at once. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Catalan)

all at once
C1 suddenly
Dictionary example:

All at once he stood up and walked out of the room.

Learner example:

All at once, everything started to work again. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Italian)

at random
C1 chosen by chance
Dictionary example:

Winners will be chosen at random.

Learner example:

The rooms suggested to be [filmed] have not been chosen at random. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

at times
C1 sometimes
Dictionary example:

At times, I wish I didn't have to go to school.

Learner example:

STUDYING METHODS All teachers at the college are high[ly]-skilled professionals and can be very demanding at times, but this is [in] your best interest[s]. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Romanian)

at best
C2 used to show that the most positive way of considering something is still not good
Dictionary example:

At best, only 50 per cent of babies born at 24 weeks will survive.

Learner example:

Then, due to the social standards, the old find themselves being abandoned and helpless. At best, such people are hospitalized. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

at the best of times
C2 used to show that something is not good when it is the best it can be
Dictionary example:

He's not exactly patient at the best of times.

Learner example:

They knew that even at the best of times he looked unpleasant but now he was of [a] completely different [appearance]. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

at a disadvantage
C2 having problems that other people do not have
Dictionary example:

Being shy puts him at a disadvantage.

Learner example:

There would otherwise be no option for such children who would then be at a disadvantage and possibly engage in destructive behaviour. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Urdu)

be at odds with sb/sth
C2 to not agree with someone or something
Dictionary example:

His remark was at odds with our report.

Learner example:

Young people are inexperienced as far as the world is concerned and thus they are frequently at odds with their family. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

at the latest
C2 If you tell someone to do something by a particular time at the latest, you mean they must do it before that time.
Dictionary example:

She said to be there by 8 o'clock at the latest.

at length
C2 If you talk about something at length, you talk for a long time.
Dictionary example:

We discussed both topics at length.

Learner example:

Since we have already arranged for your family to come to stay in my home and discussed the arrangements at length and in detail, I will no longer bother you with terms of payment and other information that, judging by your letter, seems to be quite irrelevant. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

be at liberty to do sth
C2 to be allowed to do something
Dictionary example:

I'm not at liberty to discuss the matter at present.

Learner example:

On [the] one hand the child is at liberty to do whatever it pleases to do but on the other hand it was never taught the responsibilities implicit[l]y tied to such actions. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swiss German)

at a loss
C2 not knowing what to do
Dictionary example:

I'm at a loss to explain his disappearance.

Learner example:

And now I am competely at a loss what to write next. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Russian)

at a loss for words
C2 not knowing what to say
Dictionary example:

The question was unexpected and she was temporarily at a loss for words.

Learner example:

If it was James I would be at a loss for words, I didn't know what to tell him. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Greek)

be at the mercy of sb/sth
C2 to not be able to protect yourself from something or someone that you cannot control
Dictionary example:

Farmers are often at the mercy of the weather.

Learner example:

I couldn't believe I'd been careless enough to let them be at the mercy of Joanna's careless, boisterous friends, and I felt very lonely now, looking for them. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

at the earliest
C2 used after a time or date to show that something will not happen before then
Dictionary example:

Building will not begin until July at the earliest.

at sb's expense
C2 in order to make someone look stupid
Dictionary example:

Stop making jokes at my expense.

Learner example:

But despite his intellectual superiority, Piggy was subject to derision because of his physical outward appearance and the group of boys played jokes at his expense. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

at your fingertips
C2 If you have something at your fingertips, you can get it and use it very easily.
Dictionary example:

He had all the information needed at his fingertips.

Learner example:

An Internet connection literally means having the world at your fingertips. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

at the hands of sb
C2 If you suffer at the hands of someone, they hurt you or treat you badly.
Dictionary example:

She suffered terribly at the hands of her classmates.

Learner example:

She felt abandoned and the loss of Mark's friends at the hands of their old nemesis in the local election had left him with fewer activities for the municipality. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; French)

at heart
C2 used to say what someone is really like
Dictionary example:

I'm just a kid at heart.

Learner example:

I also thought that she was brave at heart. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Japanese)

at issue
C2 most important in what is being discussed
Dictionary example:

The point at issue is what is best for the child.

Learner example:

I wouldn't like to fall into the trap of generalizing the matter at issue, but I believe there are two ways of travelling. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

be at a premium
C2 If something useful is at a premium, there is not enough of it.
Dictionary example:

Time is at a premium just before the start of exams.

Learner example:

Honesty and accuracy are very good virtues to strive [for], but having friendship [and a] fair and caring relationship to your friend or partner have to be rated at a premium as well. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

at any price
C2 If you want something at any price, you will do anything to get it.
Dictionary example:

She wanted the job at any price.

Learner example:

They wanted to be parents at any price. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Catalan)

at this rate
C2 used before saying what will happen if a situation continues in the same way
Dictionary example:

At this rate we're not going to be there till midnight.

at any rate
C2 used before saying one fact that is certain in a situation that you are generally not certain about
Dictionary example:

Well, at any rate we need her to be there.

Learner example:

Nevertheless, at any rate, we would like to see a society with [a] full and strong workforce working towards stronger economic power. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Chinese)

at your own risk
C2 If you do something at your own risk, you are completely responsible for anything bad that might happen because of it.
Dictionary example:

Customers may leave vehicles here at their own risk.

Learner example:

However, when a young man decides to go on a dangerous expedition, he should do so at his own risk and should not rely on help from anyone. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Arabic)

be at stake
C2 If something is at stake, it is in a situation where it might be lost or damaged.
Dictionary example:

We have to act quickly - people's lives are at stake.

Learner example:

The whole human race's future is at stake. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Spanish)

at the tender age of 8/17/25, etc.
C2 at the young age of 8/17/25, etc
Dictionary example:

She first appeared on stage at the tender age of 14.

Learner example:

She met my father at the tender age of 14, and she soon knew that this was the man she wanted to stay with for the rest of her life. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Danish)

at one time or another
C2 used to talk about an occasion in the past without saying exactly which occasion it was
Dictionary example:

Most of us have made a similar mistake at one time or another.

Learner example:

Haven't we all at one time or another come home from a holiday feeling healthy and strong with a smile on our face thinking, this is what life is about. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Swedish)

athlete · noun C /ˈæθ.liːt/Full view
athlete
B1 a person who is very good at sports or physical exercise, especially one who competes in organized events
Dictionary example:

He became a professional athlete at the age of 16.

Learner example:

It's amazing what the athletes can do, don't you think? (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

athletic · adjective /æθˈlet.ɪk/Full view
athletic
B2 strong, healthy and good at sports
Dictionary example:

She looks very athletic.

Learner example:

Furthermore, I am not only very athletic, but also really sociable and outgoing. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

athletics · noun U /æθˈlet.ɪks/Full view
athletics
B1 the sports which include running, jumping and throwing
Dictionary example:

an athletics team/club/meeting

Learner example:

You know I love doing sports, especially athletics, so I joined that club. (Preliminary English Test; B1; German)

atmosphere · noun /ˈæt.mə.sfɪər/Full view
atmosphere (FEELING)
B1 no plural the feeling which exists in a place or situation
Dictionary examples:

There's a very relaxed atmosphere in our office.

There has been an atmosphere of gloom in the factory since it was announced that it would be closing.

Learner example:

You'll also love the friendly atmosphere here. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Swiss German)

the atmosphere
B2 the mixture of gases around the Earth
Dictionary example:

These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.

Learner example:

I'm against cars because their CO2 emissions destroy the atmosphere. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

atmosphere (AIR INSIDE)
B2 no plural the air inside a room or other place
Dictionary example:

The atmosphere in the room was so stuffy I could hardly breathe.

Learner example:

The atmosphere in the halls also became hot and humid, thus making the whole experience rather unpleasant. (First Certificate in English; B2; Chinese)

atom · noun C /ˈæt.əm/Full view
atom
B2 the smallest unit that an element can be divided into
Dictionary example:

A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.

Learner example:

Anyway, the manager of that cent[er] called me in order to inform me that I would [be doing] research on nuclear power and atoms. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

atomic · adjective /əˈtɒm.ɪk/Full view
atomic
B2 using the energy that is created when an atom is divided
Dictionary example:

atomic energy/power

Learner example:

There are lots more dangerous things in the world, like radioactive pol[l]ution or atomic bombs. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

attach · verb T /əˈtætʃ/Full view
Nouns: attachment
Adjectives: attached, unattached, detachable, detached
Verbs: attach, detach
attach (CONNECT)
B1 to join or fix one thing to another
Dictionary examples:

I attached a photo to my application form.

Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer.

Learner example:

I attach my C.V. and I look forward to discussing it with you. (First Certificate in English; B2; Italian)

attach (COMPUTING)
B1 to join a file, such as a document, picture or computer program, to an email
Learner example:

I'm going to send you some information about hotels attached to this mail. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

attach importance/value, etc. to sb/sth
C2 to think that someone or something has importance/value, etc.
Dictionary example:

You attach too much importance to money.

Learner example:

My father knew exactly when he had to attach importance to feelings or emotions. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Italian)

attach (INCLUDE)
C2 to include something as part of something else
Dictionary example:

There were too many conditions attached to the deal.

Learner example:

Furthermore, the aid provided to these countries is not always innocent and might have strings attached. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Arabic)

attachment · noun /əˈtætʃ.mənt/Full view
Nouns: attachment
Adjectives: attached, unattached, detachable, detached
Verbs: attach, detach
attachment (EQUIPMENT)
B2 C an extra piece of equipment that can be added to a machine
Dictionary example:

This food processor has a special attachment for grinding coffee.

attachment (COMPUTING)
B2 C a computer file which is sent together with an email message
Dictionary examples:

I'll email my report to you as an attachment.

I wasn't able to open that attachment.

attachment (FEELING)
C2 C or U a feeling of love or strong connection to someone or something
Dictionary example:

I wasn't aware of any romantic attachments.

Learner example:

Despite this impression she rejected her growing attachment to George in order to fulfil her family's expectation[s]. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Polish)

attack · verb /əˈtæk/Full view
Nouns: attack, attacker, counter-attack
Verbs: attack, counter-attack
attack (TRY TO HURT)
B1 I or T to try to hurt or defeat using violence
Dictionary examples:

He was attacked and seriously injured by a gang of youths.

Most wild animals won't attack unless they are provoked.

Learner example:

At least he didn't attack me, and he even lent me his cell phone, he was such a gentle criminal. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

attack (CRITICIZE)
C1 T to strongly criticize someone or something
Dictionary example:

She attacked the government's new education policy.

Learner example:

I hope he was indeed misinformed, because attacking a charity organization like this on purpose, is truly an act of a cruel man. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Dutch)

attack (DISEASE)
C2 T If a disease, chemical, etc. attacks someone or something, it damages them.
Dictionary example:

The virus attacks the central nervous system.

Learner example:

There is a myriad of diseases that attack the less protected. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

attack · noun C or U /əˈtæk/
Nouns: attack, attacker, counter-attack
Verbs: attack, counter-attack
attack
B1 a violent act intended to hurt or damage someone or something
Dictionary examples:

a racist attack

a terrorist attack on the capital

The town was once again under attack.

Learner example:

I have planned to see "The attack of the super mutant aliens". (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

attack (CRITICISM)
C2 when you say something to strongly criticize someone or something
Dictionary example:

a scathing attack on the president

Learner example:

Young people often insist on doing everything on their own and consider advice almost an attack on their personal opinion. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

attack (SPORT)
B1 in games such as football, the part of a team which tries to score points
Dictionary example:

The team has a strong attack, but the defence is weak.

attain · verb T /əˈteɪn/Full view
attain
C1 to achieve something, especially after a lot of work
Dictionary example:

She's attained a high level of fitness.

Learner example:

Alternatively, an English speaker from a non-English-speaking country may be of help only if he/she has attained a level higher than yours. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Catalan)

attainable · adjective /əˈteɪ.nə.bl ̩/Full view
attainable
C2 possible to achieve
Dictionary example:

We must ensure that we do not set ourselves goals that are not attainable.

Learner example:

As electronic media sources have become more affordable and attainable, more people have access to local and international news and events. (International English Language Testing System; C2; Afrikaans)

attempt · verb T /əˈtempt/Full view
attempt
B1 to try to do something, especially something difficult
Dictionary examples:

He attempted to escape through a window.

There's no point in even attempting an explanation - he'll never listen.

Learner example:

Carrying a candle, I attempted to phone my neighbour but I looked out of the window and there were no lights. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

attempt · noun C /əˈtempt/
attempt
B2 when you try to do something
Dictionary examples:

This is my second attempt at the exam.

They closed the road in an attempt to reduce traffic in the city.

He made no attempt to be sociable.

Learner example:

I made several attempts to make him change his mind, but I failed. (First Certificate in English; B2; Greek)

attend · verb /əˈtend/Full view
attend
B1 I or T to go to an event, place, etc.
Dictionary examples:

Over two hundred people attended the funeral.

The meeting is on the fifth and we're hoping everyone will attend.

Learner example:

I attend one of these activities, it was cricket, it was for the whole day. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Urdu)

attend a church/college/school, etc.
B1 to go regularly to a place, such as a particular school
Dictionary example:

Which school does your daughter attend?

Learner example:

I attend Northampton College, which is quite far away from [my] house. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Czech)

attendance · noun C or U /əˈten.dənts/Full view
attendance (NUMBER)
C1 the number of people who go to an event, meeting, etc.
Dictionary example:

falling attendance

Learner example:

Also in May, we had the swimming gala, which had a very high attendance from students as there were races for all abilities. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Portuguese)

attendance (REGULARLY)
C1 when you go somewhere such as a church, school, etc. regularly
Dictionary example:

His attendance at school is very poor.

Learner example:

Consequently, I would make attendance more flexible for the members. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)

in attendance
C2 present at an event
Dictionary example:

They have doctors in attendance at every match.

Learner example:

Professional coach[e]s are in attendance and the members can have proper lessons. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Japanese)

attention · noun U /əˈten.tʃən/Full view
Nouns: attention
Adjectives: attentive, inattentive
Adverbs: attentively
attention
B1 when you watch, listen to, or think about something carefully or with interest
Dictionary examples:

Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention, please?

Wait a moment and I'll give you my full attention.

After an hour, my attention started to wander.

Learner example:

Thank you for your attention. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Thai)

attract/get (sb's) attention
B2 to make someone notice you
Dictionary example:

I waved at her to get her attention.

Learner example:

The bank is near the school, so the lady was trying to get people's attention while the others [robbed] the bank. (First Certificate in English; B2; Portuguese)

draw (sb's) attention to sth/sb
B2 to make someone notice something or someone
Dictionary examples:

If I could just draw your attention to the second paragraph.

She's always drawing attention to herself.

Learner example:

The purpose of his report is to draw attention to videos in English. (First Certificate in English; B2; Polish)

pay attention (to sth)
B1 to watch, listen to, or think about something carefully
Dictionary example:

You weren't paying attention to what I was saying.

Learner example:

Larry is a very distracted boy. Everybody says that he should pay attention to what he is doing. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

be the centre of attention
C2 to receive more attention than anyone or anything else
Dictionary example:

She loves to be the centre of attention.

Learner example:

To sum it up, most celebrities love being the centre of attention and sometimes even ask for it. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

attitude · noun C or U /ˈæt.ɪ.tjuːd/Full view
attitude
B1 how you think or feel about something, and how this makes you behave
Dictionary examples:

He has a very bad attitude to/towards work.

That boy has a real attitude problem.

She has a very positive attitude generally.

Learner example:

The waiters had a very good attitude toward the customers and the food was really wonderful. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Farsi)

attract · verb /əˈtrækt/Full view
Nouns: attraction, attractiveness
Adjectives: attractive, unattractive
Verbs: attract
Adverbs: attractively
attract
B1 T to make people come to a place or do a particular thing by being interesting, enjoyable, etc.
Dictionary examples:

The castle attracts more than 300,000 visitors a year.

The circus is attracting huge crowds/audiences.

We need to attract more science graduates to teaching.

Learner example:

Although it was the first time that I came to this new class, it attracted me deeply. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Chinese)

attract attention/interest, etc.
B1 to cause people to pay attention/be interested, etc.
Dictionary example:

Her ideas have attracted a lot of attention in the scientific community.

Learner example:

When I go out with my friends I actually like wearing clothes that attract people's attention. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Spanish)

be attracted to sb
B2 to like someone, often sexually, because of the way they look or behave
Dictionary example:

I was attracted to him straight away.

Learner example:

She was really attracted to him. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

attraction · noun /əˈtræk.ʃən/Full view
Nouns: attraction, attractiveness
Adjectives: attractive, unattractive
Verbs: attract
Adverbs: attractively
attraction (THING TO SEE OR DO)
B1 C something that makes people come to a place or do a particular thing
Dictionary examples:

tourist attractions

The opportunity to travel is one of the main attractions of this job.

Learner example:

At first I only wanted to see the many attractions in Balboa Park. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Dutch)

attraction (FEELING)
C2 U when you like someone, especially sexually, because of the way they look or behave
Dictionary example:

physical attraction

Learner example:

Ever since the begi[n]ning, since the day when Olivia met the Nawab for the first time, she felt an [i]nexplicable attraction towards him. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; Portuguese)

attractive · adjective /əˈtræk.tɪv/Full view
Nouns: attraction, attractiveness
Adjectives: attractive, unattractive
Verbs: attract
Adverbs: attractively
attractive (BEAUTIFUL)
A2 beautiful or pleasant to look at
Dictionary example:

an attractive woman

Learner example:

It's very small but attractive. (Key English Test; A2; Bulgarian)

attractive (INTERESTING)
B2 interesting or useful
Dictionary examples:

an attractive offer/idea

We want to make the club attractive to a wider range of people.

Learner example:

In fact, all of my work-mates make fun of me when I talk about my collection of stamps. I want to demonstrate [to] them that it is a very attractive hobby. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

attribute · verb /əˈtrɪb.juːt/Full view
attribute sth to sth
C2 to say that something is caused by something else
Dictionary example:

He attributes his success to hard work.

Learner example:

On the other hand, it might be attributed to the lazine