abide abide/əˈbaɪd/ abide by sth （formal） to accept a rule, a law, an agreement, a decision, etc. and obey it 接受，遵照，遵循（规章制度等）：Members must abide by the rules of the club. 会员必须遵 守俱乐部的规定。 [OBJ] rules, decision, the law SYN comply （with sth） ♦ v + prep abound abound /əˈbaʊnd/ abound in/with sth to have a lot of sth; to contain a lot of sth 大量存在；盛产；富于：The rivers there abound in/with fish. 那儿的河里有 许多鱼。 ♦ v + prep abstain abstain /əbˈsteɪn/ abstain from sth; abstain from doing sth to decide not to do or have sth, especially sth that you like or enjoy, because it is bad for your health or considered morally wrong 戒；避免；克制：Pregnant women are advised to abstain from alcohol. 建议孕妇戒酒。 [OBJ] alcohol, sex, drugs ♦ v + prep accede accede /əkˈsiːd/ accede to sth （formal）to agree to or allow sth that sb has asked for, often after you have opposed it for a while （反对之后转而）答 应，应允（请求）: The government acceded co public pressure to review the tax. 政府在公众压 力下同意检讨税制。◊ Have all our requests been acceded to ? 我们的请求全部被接受了吗？ [OBJ] request, demands, pressure NOTE at AGREE TO STH ♦ v + prep account account /əˈkaʊnt/ account for sb/sth to know where sb/sth is or what has happened to them, especially after an accident or a natural disaster （尤指 事彗或自然灾害发生之后）了解, 查明（下落或 命运）: All the people who were working in the building have now been accounted for. 当时正 在大楼里工作的人现在都有了下落。◊ There are three files that I can't account for. 有三份文件 我找不到。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + prep account for sth 1 to explain how or why sth happened; to be the explanation for sth 说 明；是…的原由：How do you account for the fact that the box has disappeared? 盒子不见 了，你如何解释？ ◊ Poor hygiene may have accounted for the spread of the disease. 卫生状 况差可能是这种疾病蔓延的根源。2 to be a par- ticular part of sth; to be a particular amount 占，构成（比例或数量）：Car crime accounted for 28% of all reported offences, 汽车犯罪占所 有举报罪案的 28%。 ◊ Wages account for less than half of the budget. 工资开支在预章中所占 比例不到一半。SYN make up sth; represent sth 3 to keep a record of how the money in your care will be spent or has been spent 记录 开支；报账：Every penny of the funds is accounted for. 资金中支出的一分一厘均有据可 查。4 to consider particular facts or circum- stances when you are making a decision about sth, especially when you are calculating the cost of sth （尤指计算成本时）考虑到，估计 到，顾及：The cost of the film was accounted for in the calculation of the cost of the service. 服务 成本中计入了胶片的费用。SYN take sth into account ♦ v + prep IDM there's no accounting for taste used to say that it is impossible to know why sb likes sb/sth that you do not like 人各有所好；人的 趣味各异，无法解释；人的爱憎好恶无需理由： （humorous） 'She seems to like you.' 'Well— there's no accounting for taste! “ 她好像喜欢 你。” “嘿，萝卜青菜，各有所爱！” accustom accustom /əˈkʌstəm/ accustom sb/yourself to sth; accustom sb/yourself to doing sth （formal） to make sb/yourself familiar with sth; to become used to sth （使）适应，习惯于：It took a while for her eyes to accustom themselves to the dark. 过了一会儿，她的眼睛才适应了黑 暗. ◊ It shouldn't take long to accustom your students to working in groups. 你的学生应该很 快就会习惯分组学习的。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep ace ace /eɪs/ ace sb out （AmE, informal） to defeat sb in order to obtain an important position or rank 打败，战胜（以获得重要地位）：The company aced out its biggest rival to win the contract. 公 司挫畋最大的对手，赢得了合同。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ache ache /eɪk/ ache for sb/sth to have a strong desire for sb/sth or to do sth 渴望；热盼：I was aching for home. 我归心似箭。 SYN long for sb/sth ♦ v + prep acquaint acquaint /əˈkweɪnt/ acquaint sb/yourself with sth (formal) to make sb/yourself familiar with or aware of sth 使了解；使认识：He decided to take his son along and acquaint him with the business. 他决 定带上儿子，让他熟悉一下生意。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep act act /ækt/ act as sth to perform a particular role or function 充当 ( 角色 )；担任 ( 工作 )；起...作 用：Will you act as interpreter for us? 你做我们 的翻译好吗？ ◊ Large fines act as a deterrent to motorists. 高额罚金对驾车人有威慑作用。 [OBJ] agent, consultant, intermediary, go-between, deterrent SYN serve as sth ♦ v + prep act for sb (also ,act on be half of sb, act on sb's be half) if sb acts for you or acts on behalf of you, they deal with your affairs for you, for example by representing you in court, or by doing your duty when you are not able to 代表某人 ( 办理事务、出庭、履行职责等 )： Do you have a solicitor acting for you? 你有代 理律师吗？ ◊ The Prince was acting on behalf of the Queen. 当时王子代表女王行使权力。◊ The Prince was acting on the Queen's behalf. 当时王 子代表女王行使权力。 [OBJ] client ♦ v + prep act on sth (also 'act upon sth more formal) 1 to do sth as a result of advice, information, instructions, etc. that you have received 遵 照…行事；根据…办理：The police were acting on information from a member of the public. 警 方根据一名群众的举报采取了行动。◊ I was just acting on instructions. 我不过是奉命行事而已。 ◊ If my advice had been acted upon, this would never have happened. 当初要是听从我的建议， 绝对不会发生茂种事情。[OBJ] advice, informa- tion, instructions 2 to have an effect on sth 影 响；作用于：The drug acts on the central ner- vous system. 这药会对中枢神经系统产生影响。 ♦ v + prep act on be half of sb； .act on sb's be' half -> ACT FOR SB act sth out 1 to perform a story or events that have happened or might happen, as if you are performing a play 将...表演出乘：The teacher read a story and the children acted it out。老师讲故事，孩子们把故事表演出来。◊ She acted out her fantasies of pop stardom in front of her bedroom mirror. 她本卧室镜子前手舞足 蹈，幻想自己成了流行歌星。◊ (figurative) The whole nation was following the drama being acted out on the football field 举国上下都在关 注足球场上正在上演的精彩戏码。 [OBJ] story, fantasy 2 to act a part in real life 扮演 (现实 生活中的角色)：I found myself acting out the role of good, brave patient. 我发觉自己是个勇 敢的好病人。 3 (technical) to express your thoughts and feelings in your behaviour, often without being aware of it (常指不自觉地) 流 露, 表露 (思想和情绪) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv act up (informal) 1 to make sb annoyed by behaving badly, trying to get attention, etc. 捣 蛋；调皮；淘气：The kids have been acting up all day. 孩子们一整天都在闹个没完。2 if a machine or part of the body acts up, it does not work as it should (机器或身体部位) 出毛 病，不正常：The car's acting up again. 车又坏 了。 ◊ My ankle is acting up (= is painful and causing problems). 我的脚踝疼了起来。 SYN play up NOTE Act up is often used in the progressive tenses. * act up 常用于进行时。 ♦ v + adv act upon sth -> ACTON ON STH add add /æd/ add sth 'in to include sth with sth else; to put sth into sth else or between two things 把…包括在内；加入；在中间插入：Send me the new figures when the additional costs have been added in. 额外成本计入后，再把新的数字发给 我。◊ I've added in two extra paragraphs. 我另 外插入了两段文字。 NOTE Add can also be used on its own with this meaning * add 单独使用也可作此义：I've added a couple of extra paragraphs. 我另外插 入了几段文字。 ♦ v + adv + n • v + n/pron + adv add on； ,add on to sth (AME) to build an extra room or rooms on to a house or other building 扩建，增建 (房屋等)：They decided to add on rather than move. 他们决定把房子扩 建一下，不搬走了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep add sth 'on； ,add sth on to sth to include sth or attach sth extra 附加；添加： He added £2 on to the bill. 他在账单上加了两 英镑。 NOTE Add (to sth) can also be used with this meaning add (to sth) 也可作此义：He added £2 to the bill. 他在账单上加了两英镑。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ► add-on n a thing that is added to or included with sth else 附加物；附带物：The catalogue advertised add-ons such as extra memory and software. 目录册上的宣传文字写明 有内存、软件等附送产品。 ◊ add-on products/ pockets/units 附加的产品/ 口袋/元件 add to sth to increase the size, amount, number, etc. of sth 增加；添加；扩大：Taking the children with us would only add to our problems. 带上孩子只会给我们添乱。◊ Music playing in the background added to the atmos- phere. 背景音乐进一步渲染了气氛。。(BrE) The house has been added to over the years. 这些年 来，房子一直在扩建。 ◊ The food at the hotel is of a very high standard . Add to this the quality of the rooms and the service and it is clear why this is such a popular hotel. 这家旅馆的饭菜很 上档次，加上客房以及服务质量也很好，难怪会大受欢迎。 [OBJ] problems, number, knowledge, enjoy-ment ♦ v + prep add together; .add sth together to come together to produce sth; to join two or more things, numbers, etc. together to pro- duce sth 合成；汇合而成；累加而成：The games, the dancing and the good food all added together to make a memorable occasion. 游戏、 舞蹈和美食共同成就了一段难以忘怀的经历。◊ When all the different factors are added together, I can understand her decision. 综合考 虑各种因素，我能够体谅她的决定。◊ Add the two numbers together and divide by three. 把两 数相加，再除以三。 [OBJ] factors, numbers, costs ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv add up (informal) 1 to seem reasonable; to make sense; to have all the different parts agreeing with each other 有道理；言之成理； (各部分之间) 说得通：There are things in her story that just don't add up. 她的叙述有些地方 根本就是自相矛盾。◊ Now that I know where she was last night, it's all beginning to add up. 既然我知道了她昨晚的去处，一切就明白了。 NOTE Add up with this meaning is used espe- cially in negative sentences. * add up 作此义时 尤用于否定句。2 to increase gradually to make a large number or amount 逐步增加；逐 渐增长：Save a small amount each month; it'll soon add up.每月攒一点，很快就会积少成多 了。3 if two or more numbers add up, they come to the total that they should or that you would expect 达到应有 (或预计) 的总和；总 数不多不少：These figures just don't add up.这 些数字相加与总数对不上。 ♦ v + adv add up (especially BrE); add sth up to calculate the total of two or more numbers or amounts相加；计算总和；把…加起来：I never could add up. 我一直没学会做加法。◊ She's very good at adding up in her head. 她特别擅长心 算。◊ She added the figures up in no time. 她立 刻就算出了总数。◊ I needed to use a calculator to add up the bill. 我得用计算器算账单。 [OBJ] numbers, figures, score, cost ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv add up to sth 1 if two or more numbers or figures add up to sth, they make a total of sth SYNONYMS同义词辨析 add up to sth add up to sth ♦ amount to sth ♦ be sth ♦ number sth ♦ total sth These verbs all mean to reach a particular number or amount when all numbers/amounts have been added together. 这些动词都表示共计、总计、合计。 add up to sth to make a total amount or number of sth 合计达；总额是：The numbers add up to exactly 100. 这些数字相加正好是 100。 ◊ Their earnings were £250, £300 and £420, adding up to a total of £970. 他们的收 入是 250，300 和 420 英镑，总计为 970 英镑。 amount to sth (business) to reach a particular number or amount when added together 合计达；总数为：His earnings amount to £300000 per annum. 他的年收入达30万 英镑。 be sth to be equal to sth 等于：Three and three is six. 三加三得六。 ◊ How much is a thousand pounds in euros? 一千英镑可兑换多少欧元？ number sth to make a particular number when added together 计有； 总共有；数量达: The crowd numbered more than a thousand. 聚集了一千多人。◊ We numbered 20 ( = there we're 20 of us in the group). 我们一共有 20人。 total sth (especially business) to reach a particular number or amount when added together 合计达；总额为；总值： Imports totalled $7.5 billion last year. 去年进口总额达 15 亿美元。◊ In 2005-6, college enrolments totalled some 5400. * 2005 至 2006 年度，大 学招生总人数约有 5400人。 WHICH WORD? Add up to and number can be used to emphasize the process of calculating a total; total and amount to sth focus more on the number/amount rather than the process of arriving at the result. Total and amount to are used especially in business writing when describing the performance of a company, etc . Number usually has people as the subject of the sentence; total is the only other verb that can be used like this * add up to 与 number 可 用于强调计算总数的过程；total 与 amount to 则 更侧重计算的结果，而非计算的过程。total 与 amount to 尤用于商务写作，例如描述公司业 绩。number 通常指人；total 是唯一具有与 number 相似用法的另一个动词：The crew totalled / numbered sixteen. 职员共计十六人。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to be/total/add up to/amount to/number 50, 2 million, etc. ■ to be/total/add up to/amount to $ 250 / 75% ■ profits/scores total/add up to/amount to ... ■ a group/crowd totals/numbers ... when they are added together 合计达；总数 为；总额是：Can you arrange the numbers in groups that add up to 10? 你能不能把数字分 组，使每组之和为10? ◊ The cost of all the equipment you need for a baby adds up to a considerable sum. 婴儿所需物品的费用总数相当 可观。2 (informal) to show sth; to have a par- ticular meaning or result 显示；意味着；结果 是：His evidence didn't really add up to much (= gave us very little information). 他的证词 其实说明不了什么问题。◊ All in all, it adds up to a pretty desperate situation. 总而言之，这意 味着形势相当危急， SYN amount to sth ♦ v + adv + prep address address /əˈdres/ address yourself to sth (formal) to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it 想办法处 理；设法应付；致力解决：We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我 们必须着手解决交通污染问题。' ♦ v + pron + prep adhere adhere /ədˈhɪə(r)/ adhere to sth {format) to act in the way that a particular law, rule or set of instruc- tions says that you should; to follow or sup- port a particular opinion or set of beliefs 遵 循，奉行 ( 法律、规则，指示、信念等 )：They have adhered strictly to the terms of the treaty. 他们严格遵守了条约的条款. ◊ He found the diet very difficult to adhere to. 他觉福这种规定饮食 很难坚持。◊ How many people actually adhere to this view? 其实有务加人坚持这一观点呢？ ◊ All safety requirements must be adhered to. 所 有安全规定必须贯彻执行。 (OBJ) principles, rules, guidelines SYN keep to sth (less formal); stick to sth (less formal) ♦ v + prep admit admit /ədˈmɪt/(-tt-) admit of sth (formal) to show that sth such as an explanation or an answer is possible; to allow sth to happen 给 ( 解释、回答等 ) 留有 余地；容许：The situation admits of only one explanation. 这一状况只可能有一种解释。 [OBJ] explanation, answer SYN allow of sth ♦ v + prep admit to sth； admit to doing sth 1 to say that you have done sth wrong or illegal 承 认，坦白 ( 过错或罪行 )：He admits to the other charges. 他对其他指控供认不讳。 ◊ She admitted to having stolen the car. 她承认偷了 那辆车。 2 to agree, often unwillingly, that sth is true ( 常指不情愿地 ) 承认，确认：She admits to being strict with her children. 她承认 对孩子管得很严。 ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 admit to sth admit to sth ♦ confess to sth ♦ fess up (to sth) ♦ own up (to sth) These verbs all mean to say that you have done sth wrong. 这些动词都表示承认、供认、 坦白。 admit to sth to say that you have done sth wrong or illegal 承认，坦白 ( 过错或罪行 )： He admitted to taking the money. 他承认拿了 那笔钱。◊ He admitted to having taken the money.他承认拿了那笔钱。NOTE Admit can be used on its own * admit 可单独使用：He admitted taking the money. 他亲认拿了那 笔钱。 confess to sth to admit, especially formally or to the police, that you have done sth wrong or illegal ( 正式地 ) 承认；( 向警方 ) 供 认，交代: She confessed to the murder. 她承认 犯有谋杀罪. ◊ She confessed to killing him. 她 供认杀了他。 fess up (to sth) (especially AmE) to admit that you have done sth wrong 坦白 ( 过 错 ): No one has fessed up to eating my chocolates. 没人承认偷吃了我的巧克力。 own up (to sth) to admit that you are responsible for sth bad or wrong 承担 (责 任)；承认 (错误):I'm still waiting for someone to own up to the breakages. 我还在 等待有人能站出来承认打破东西的过失。 WHICH WORD? Own up and fess up are used for actions that are not very serious; confess is usually used for serious crimes. Admit is often used when the person is under pressure to tell the truth. Admit and confess can also be used to mention a fact that you feel embarrassed or ashamed about * own up 与fess up 用于表示承认不太严 重的行为；confess 一般用于表示坦白严重罪 行。admit 常指迫于压力而吐露实情。admit 与 confess 也可用于提及令自己感到难堪或羞愧的 事：I must admit I quite like her new look. 我得 承认我很喜欢她的薪扮相。◊ I confess I have no experience of this. 我承认我没有这样的经历。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to freely/openly confess/admit to sth ■ to readily/frankly admit to sth ■ to be prepared/ashamed/embarrassed to admit/confess ■ to be afraid/reluctant to admit/own up age age /eɪdʒ/ age out (of sth) (AmE) to become older than the age limit stated in a law or in the rules of a system 超过年龄限制；超龄：How many children aged out of foster care in 2006? * 2006 年有多少孩子超过了寄养看护的法定年龄？ ♦ v + adv ► aged- out adj [only before noun] (AmE): aged-out minors 超过规定年龄的未成年人 agree agree /əˈɡriː/ agree to sth to say yes; to say that you will do what sb wants or that you will allow sth to happen 答应；同意；允许：Do you think hell agree to their proposal? 你认为他会接受他们的 提议吗？ ♦ v + prep agree with sb 1 (about/on sth) to have the same opinion as sb 赞同；与...持同样观点：He agreed with them about the need for change. 他 与他们看法一致，认为需要变革。2 to make sb feel happy or healthy 使惬意；使健康；适合: You look great! Marriage obviously agrees with you. 你容光焕发啊！显然婚姻生活让你非常滋 润。◊ Mushrooms don't agree with me (= they make me feel Ul/sick). 我吃了蘑菇就会感觉 不适。 ♦ v + prep agree with sth (grammar) to match a word or phrase in number ( = being singular or plural ), gender (= being masculine, feminine, etc.), or person (= whether the subject is I, you, etc.) ( 在数、性或人称方面 ) 与一 致，呼应：In French, adjectives agree with their nouns. 在法语中，形容词必须与其名词保 持一致。 ♦ v + prep agree with sth; agree with doing sth to approve of sth, especially a policy or a belief 同意，赞同，认可 ( 尤指政策或信仰 )：I don't agree with capital punishment. 我不赞成 保留死刑。 OPP disagree with sth, etc. ♦ v + prep aim aim /eim/ aim at sb/sth; aim sth at sb/sth to point or direct a weapon, a shot, a kick, etc. at sb/sth 瞄准；对着：The gun was aimed at his head. 枪对准了他的头。◊ The Rovers youngster aimed a shot at the net (= in football/soccer). 流浪者队的这名年轻球员对准球网施射。 [OBJ] ball, gun, shot ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep aim at sth; aim at doing sth to try to achieve sth; to have sth as your aim 致力追 求；努力取得；目的在于：She's aiming at a sports scholarship. 她在争取获得一项体育奖学 金。◊ We need to aim at increasing exports. 我 们要努力增加出口。 NOTE Aim to do sth is also used with the same meaning * aim to do sth 也作此义：What do you aim to achieve? 你追求的目标是什么？ ♦ v + prep aim sth at sb/sth if you aim sth at a par- ticular person or group, you do or say sth that you intend to have an effect on them ( 言 行 ) 针对，指向，以…为对象：The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这次广告宣传活动主要是针对年轻人。 ◊ I was not aiming my remarks at you. 我的话不是冲你 说的。 [OBJ] remarks, criticism, campaign NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语 态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep be aimed at sth; be aimed at doing sth to have sth as an aim or purpose 目的在 于；以…为目标：The new scheme is aimed at reducing unemployment. 新计划旨在减少失业 人数。 ♦ be + v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 agree to sth accede to sth ♦ agree to sth ♦ consent to sth ♦ go along with sb/sth These verbs all mean to say that you will do what sb wants or allow sth to happen. 这些动 词都表示答应、同意、准许。 accede to sth (formal) to agree to a request or demand 答应，应允 ( 请求或要求 )：He acceded to demands for his resignation. 面对 各方的要求，他同意辞职。 agree to sth to say that you will do what sb wants or that you will allow sth to happen 答应；同意；允许：Do you think he'll agree to their proposal? 你认务他会接受他们的提 议吗？ consent (to sth) (formal) to agree to sth or give your permission for sth 赞成；准许：He consented to his daughter's marriage. 他同意 了女儿的婚事。 go along with sb/sth to agree to sth that sb else has decided 同意，支持，附和 (他人的 决定):She just goes along with everything he suggests, 只要是他的建议，她都赞同。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to agree to/go along with/consent to a plan/scheme/proposal ■ to agree to/go along with a decision ■ to agree to a suggestion ■ to agree to/accede to a request/demand ■ to be prepared/willing/forced to go along with sb/consent to sth alight alight /əˈlaɪt/ alight on/upon sb/sth （formal) to notice sb/sth suddenly; to find or think of sth by chance 突然注意到；意外发现；碰巧想到：My eye alighted on an old book. 我的目光突然落到 一本旧书上。◊ He finally alighted on a solution. 他最后灵机一动想出一个解决办法。 SYN light on/upon sb/sth ♦ v + prep align align /əˈlaɪn/ align yourself with sb/sth to publicly support a person, a group of people or a set of opinions 公开支持；站在…-边：The senator aligned himself with the critics of the proposed reforms. 那位参议员公开支持对拟议改革提出批 评的人士。 ♦ v + pron + prep allow allow /əˈlaʊ/ allow for sth to include sth when you are calculating sth or planning sth 将…包话在内； 考虑到；顾及：Add an extra ten minutes to your journey time to allow for the traffic. 考虑到 交通状况，你的行程得额外多算十分钟. ◊ I've bought a large size to allow for the fact that it may shrink in the wash. 岳计到衣服可能会缩 水，我买了件大号的。◊ This had not been allowed for in the budget. 预算没有把这个考虑 在内。 [OBJ] the possibility, the fact that ... , differ- ences ♦ v + prep allow of sth （formal to show that sth, such as an explanation or an answer, is possible; to make sth possible 给 （解释、回答等）留有余 地：使成为可能：The facts allow of only one explanation. 这些事实灵能有一种解释。 SYN admit of sth ♦ v + prep allude allude/əˈluːd/ allude to sb/sth （formaL） to mention sb/sth indirectly or in a few words （间接或略 微）提到；暗指：He hated his mother's way of alluding to Jean but never actually saying her name. 他讨厌母亲拐弯抹角从不指名地提及琼。 ◊ Do you know the person who was alluded to in the report? 你知道报告中影射的人吗？。→ note at refer to sb/sth ♦ v + prep amount amount /əˈmaʊnt/ amount to sth （not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时）1 to add up to sth; to result in a final total of sth 合计达；总数为： The cost of the trip amounted to well over £500. 这次旅行的费用远远超过了500英镑。◊ The money I pay in tax amounts to about 40% of my salary. 交税用掉我工资的40%左右。 SYN come to sth → note at add up to sth 2 to be equal to or the same as sth 等于； 等同于； 相当于：What they did amounted to a breach of contract. 他们这样做就是违约。◊ It doesn't matter who pays—it amounts to the same thing in the end, 谁付钱无关紧要——最终反正都是 一回事。◊ It all amounts to a lot of hard work. 这一切意味着大量艰苦的工作。 SYN come to sth 3 if you say that sb/sth doesn't amount to much, you mean that he/she/it is not very important 无足轻重；意义不大； 不太重要: He'll never amount to anything. 他绝不会有出息。◊ The information we have doesn't amount to much. 我们掌握的信息没多大价值。 SYN add UP to sth ♦ v + prep amp amp /æmp/ amp sth up （slang） to make sth louder or stronger 提高...的音量：增强；放大：The crowd amped up their approval when he started to sing. 他刚开口唱歌，人群就爆发出巨大的欢呼 声. ◊ an amped-up rock band 一个激情四溢的 摇滚乐队 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n angle angle/ˈæŋɡl/ angle for sth （often used in the progressive tenses 常用于进行时）to try to obtain sth with- out asking for it directly （间接地）博取，猎 取，谋取：She's angling for an invitation.她正 设法弄一张请柬。 SYN fish for sth ♦ v + prep answer answer /ˈɑːnsə(r）; AmE 'ænsər/ answer back to defend yourself against sth bad that sb has said about you 自辩；抗辩； 反驳：It's not fair to criticize without giving her the chance to answer back. 批评她却不给她机会 辩白，有失公平。 ♦ v + adv answer back； .answer sb back if a child answers back or answers you back, they reply rudely （小孩）还嘴.翠嘴：Don't answer back! 不许回嘴！ ◊ He's a rude little boy, always answering his mother back. 他年纪小， 脾气坏，老是和妈妈顶嘴。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv answer for sb to speak on behalf of sb and say what they will do or what they think 为…代言；代表…说话；代表…的意见：I can't answer for my colleagues, but I can manage a meeting next week. 我不能代表同事发表意见， 但是我可以设法下周开个会。 SYN speak for sb NOTE Answer for sb is usually used in negative sentences. * answer for sb 通清用于否定句。 ♦ v + prep answer for sth 1 to be responsible for sth bad; to accept the blame for sth 对…承担责 任；因…受到责备: She has a lot to answer for. 她负有很大的责任。◊ He's old enough to answer for his own actions. 他年纪不小了，应对自己的 行为负责。◊ When it comes to violence among young people, television has a great deal to answer for. 到年轻人的暴力行为，电视要负很 大责任。(OBJ) the consequences, sb's actions 2 to say that you are certain that sb has a particular quality or can be trusted or relied on 担保，保证（人品等）：I can answer for her honesty. 我可以担仪她为人诚实。 SYN vouch for sth ♦ v + prep answer to sb （for sth） to have to explain your actions to sb; to show that your actions are right or reasonable （为某事）对…负有责 任，向…作出交代：You will answer to me for any damage to the car. 汽车有任何损坏，我都 找你负责。◊ If anything happens to her, you'll have me to answer to. 她如果有个三长两短，我 拿你是问。 ♦ v + prep answer to sth to be called sth; to recognize a name as your own 被称作；叫做:I answer to either Susan or Sue. 叫我苏珊或是苏。◊ I'm afraid there's no one here answering to that name. 恐怕这里没人叫那个名字。◊ She has a cat answering to the name of Dagobert.她有只 猫，名叫达戈贝尔。 [OBJ] name, Susan, Sue, etc. ♦v + prep ante ante /ˈænti/ ante up； .ante up sth 1 （in poker 扑克牌） to put forward a bet before the cards are dealt （发牌前）下注 2 （AmE） to pay a share of an amount of money that a group of people owe 付清（欠款中应摊的份额）：The check arrived and we all anted up. 账单到了，我们都付清了 各自的欠款。◊ Some parents ante up big bucks to send their kids to prep school. 有些父母拿出 大笔钱送子女上预科学校。 NOTE Ante up is not used with a pronoun object. * ante up 不接代词宾语。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n appeal appeal /əˈpiːl/ appeal for sth/sb； ap peal for sb to do sth to make a serious and urgent request for sth/sb or for sb to do sth 恳求；呼吁：The government has appealed for calm. 政府呼吁保 持镇静。◊ The police appealed for witnesses to come forward. 警方呼吁目击者出来作证。◊ The victim's family has appealed for help in tracking down the killer. 受害言家属畜求帮两抓捕凶手。 [OBJ] witnesses, help, information, calm, funds -> note at ASK FOR STH ♦ v + prep ♦ v + prep + n/pron + to +inf appeal to sb if sth appeals to you, you like it or find it interesting and attractive 使感兴 趣；受…欢迎；对…有吸引The 'Harry Potter" books appeal to readers of all ages.《哈利•波 特》系列小说吸引了各个年龄层的读者。◊ The prospect of camping didn't appeal to me. 我对 露营的想法没有兴趣。 ♦ v + prep appeal to sth to try to persuade sb to do sth by reminding them that it is a good, rea- sonable thing to do （通过入情入理的劝说）打 动：Maybe if you appeal to her better nature （= her kindness）, you can get her co help. 也许 你央求她发发善心，就能得到她的帮助。 [OBJ] sb's better nature, sb's sense of justice ♦ v + prep appertain appertain /æpəˈteɪn; AmE pərˈt-/ appertain to sth [formal） to belong to sth; to be connected with sth 属于；涉及；关系到： the duties appertaining to the post 这一岗位的 职责 ♦ v + prep apply apply /əˈplaɪ/ （applies, applying, applied） apply for sth to make a formal request, usually in writing, for sth such as a job or a place at college, university, etc.（通常以书面 形式）申请，寻亲得到:I applied for a new pass- port. 我申办了一本新护照。 ◊ My son has applied for a place at Warwick University. 我儿 字已申请就读沃里克大学。 -> note at ASK FOR STH ♦ v + prep apply to sb/sth to concern or relate to sb/sth 涉及；与…有关联：The word "unexciting" could never be applied to her novels. “乏味” 一词绝对和她的小说沾不上边儿。 ♦ v + prep apprise apprise /əˈpraɪz/ apprise sb of sth (formal） to inform sb of sth 将…通知…;向…告知…: We were fully apprised of the situation. 我们完全知晓了当肝 的状况。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep argue argue /ˈɑːɡjuː; AmE 'a:rg-/ argue sb into sth； .argue sb into doing sth to persuade sb to do sth by giving them a large number of reasons why they should do it 说服…做…：I managed to argue him into going back home to talk to his parents. 我终于说服他回家去和父母对话。 OPP argue sb out of sth, argue sb out of doing sth ♦ v + n/pron + prep argue sth out to discuss all the details of an idea, a plan, etc., often in an excited or angry way, until you reach a decision （常指 激烈地）彻底辩论，辩个明白：I'm sure they'll manage to argue out any differences that arise. 我相信他们会把出现的分歧辩个明白。◊ I'm too tired to argue it out with you now. 我很累，现 在没有力气和你辩出个高下。◊ The issues have all been argued out at great length. 这些问题经 过了很长时间的辩论，均已得到解决。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv argue sb out of sth； argue sb out of doing sth to persuade sb not to do sth by giving them a large number of reasons why they should not do it 说服…放弃 (做某事)：I argued her out of her crazy idea. 我说服她放弃 了荒唐的念头。 OPP argue sb into sth, argue sb into doing sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep argue with sb/sth to disagree with what sb says; to say or show that sth is not right 不同 意 (某说法)；表示 (某事) 不对：'It's cold today, isn't it?' 'I can't argue with you there!' (= I agree with you) “ 今天很冷，你说呢？" " 的确如此！” ◊ It's a lovely jacket— and you couldn't argue with the price. 这件夹克很不 错——而且价格也没得说。 NOTE Argue with sb/sth is often used with can't or another negative. * argue with sb / sth 常与 can't 或其他否定词连用。 ♦ v + prep armour (BrE)(AmE armor) /ˈɑːmə(r); AmE 'ɑːrmər/ armour sth up (AmE . armor sth up) (espe- cially AmE) to attach extra protection to a mili- tary vehicle, so that it is better protected from bombs, bullets, etc. 为 (军车) 加装装甲：The Pentagon realized it needed more money to armor up its trucks. 五角大楼意识到需要投入更 多资金为卡车配备装甲。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► up armour (AmE up- armor) vt (especially AmE) to armour up a vehicle 为 (车辆) 配备 装甲 ► up-armoured (AmE up-armored) adj [usually before noun] (especially AmE): up-armored Humvees 装甲悍马车 arrive arrive /əˈraɪv/ arrive at sth to agree on sth or to find sth after discussing and thinking about it 达成 (协议)；作出(决议)；得出(结论)：They had both arrived at the same conclusion. 他俩 得出了同样的结论。◊ It didn't take long to arrive at a decision, 没过多久便作出了决定。 [OBJ] conclusion, decision, agreement SYN reach sth ♦ v + prep arse arse /ɑːs; AmE ɑːrs/ arse about/around (BrE, slang) to behave in a silly or annoying way and waste time instead of doing what you are supposed to be doing 鬼混；闲荡；混日子：Stop arsing about and give me my bag. 别瞎闹了，把我的 包还给我。 NOTE Mess around and play around are more polite verbs to use to express this. 表达此义用 mess around 和 play around 更有礼貌。 ♦ v + adv ascribe ascribe /əˈskraɪb/ ascribe sth to sb to consider that sth has been written, painted, spoken or created by a particular person认代 (作品、言论等) 出自某 人：This play is usually ascribed to Shakespeare. 这部戏剧通常被认为是莎士比亚创作的。 SYN attribute sth to sb ♦ v + n/pron + prep ascribe sth to sb/sth (formal) 1 to consider that sth is caused by a particular person or thing 把…归因于；认为…度由于：He ascribed his exhaustion to the heat. 他认为自己 疲乏是天气炎热所致。2 to consider that a person or a thing has a particular quality 认 为…具有(某特质)：I am reluctant to ascribe supernatural powers to a fortune-teller. 我不太 相信算命的人有超自然能力。◊ The government ascribes great importance to these policies. 政府 十分重视这些政策。 SYN attribute sth to sb/sth ♦ v + n/pron + prep ask ask /ɑːsk; AmE æsk/ ask after sb to ask for news about sb and how they are, etc. 问候；问好；探问：Did she ask after me in her letter? 她在宿中问起我 了吗？ SYN enquire after sb (formal) ♦ v + prep ask sb a'long to ask sb if they would like to go with you to an event or activity 邀请…同去 (参加活动)；邀请…同行；邀请…作伴：Jane and Ed are going out tonight, and they've asked me along. 简和埃德今晚出去，还邀我一起去。 SYN invite sb along (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) ask a'round to ask a number of different people in order to find out sth 四处打听；多方 询问：I don't know if there's any work, but i will ask around for you. 我不知道有没有工祐，不过 我会帮你打听打听。 ♦ v + adv ask sb around (AmE) -> ASK SB OVER/ROUND . ask sb back (to sth) (especially BrE) to invite sb to come back to your house with you for a drink, etc. when you are both out together (一起外出后) 邀请…去自己家：I asked him back for a coffee. 回来时我邀请他来我家喝杯 咖啡。 SYN have sb back; invite sb back (to sth) (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ask for sb to say that you want to see or speak to sb 要求与…见面；希望与…谈谈： There's somebody at the door asking for Pete. 门 口有人要找皮特。 ♦ v + prep ask for sth 1 (also ask sb for sth) to say that you want sb to give you sth 要求得到；请求给 予；索要：Jodie asked for a guitar for her birthday. 乔迪说她过生日想要把吉他。 ◊ Don't hesitate to ask for help. 如需帮助，尽管开口。◊ I asked the waiter for the bill. 我请服务员拿账 单过来。◊ We couldn't have asked for better weather. 天气再好不过了。◊ A beautiful house, husband and children. What more could you ask for? 漂亮的房子、丈夫和孩子。你还能再奢 望什么呢？ SYN request sth (formal) 2 (infor mal) if sb is asking for trouble or asking for it, they are behaving in a way that is likely to cause sth bad to happen to them 招惹 (麻 烦、苦恼等)；自作自受：You're asking for trouble walking home alone at night. 你夜里独 自步行回家是自找麻烦。◊ You asked for it!(= you deserve what I am going to do to you)' she said. “你自讨苦吃！” 她说。[OBJ] trouble, it 3 to say that you want to speak to sb or be directed to a place 找 (人)；问 (路)：When you arrive, go to reception and ask for George. 到了以后你就去服务台，说找乔治。◊ Ask for the station if you get lost. 如果迷路了，就向去 车站的路。 ♦ v + prep ask sb in/ up to invite sb to come into the room or building that you are in, especially your home 邀请...进 (尤指家里) 来: Aren't you going to ask me in? It's cold out here. 你不请我 进屋吗？外面很冷。◊ She asked me into her office for a chat. 她请我进她的办公室聊聊。◊ We must ask the neighbours in for coffee. 我们 应该请邻居来家里喝杯咖啡。 SYN invite sb in/up (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ask sb out to invite sb to go out with you, especially when you would like a romantic relationship with them ( 尤指为发展恋情 ) 邀 请…外出约会：Has he asked you out yet? 他约 你出去了吗？ SYN invite sb out (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ask sb over/round (BrE) (AmE. ask sb a round) to invite sb to come and visit you in your home 邀请…来家里做客：She's asked me round for dinner. 她请我去她家吃饭。 SYN invite sb over/round (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ask sb 'up -> ASK SB IN/UP SYNONYMS同义词辨析 ask for sth appeal for sth ♦ apply for sth ♦ ask for sth ♦ call for sth ♦ request sth These verbs all mean to tell sb that you would like them to do sth or give you sth, or that you would like sth to happen. 这些动词都表示请 求、申请、恳请。 appeal for sth to make a serious and urgent request for sth 恳求；呼吁：Nationalist leaders have appealed for calm. 民族主义领袖 呼吁保持镇定。 ◊ Police are appealing for witnesses to come forward. 警方呼吁目击者出 来作证。 apply for sth to make a formal request, usually in writing, for sth such as a job or a place at a university (通常以书面形式) 申 请，寻求得到：to apply for a job/ passport/grant 申请工作/护如/补助 ask for sth to tell sb that you would like them to do or give you sth, or that you would like sth to happen 要求得到；请求给予；索要：/ went up to the bar and asked for a beer. 我走 到吧台，要了杯啤酒。◊ He asked me for a job again yesterday. 他昨天又要我给他找工作。 call for sth (used especially in newspapers) to ask publicly for sth to happen (尤用于报 章)公开要求，呼吁 : The group called for the immediate release of the hostages. 该组织要求 立即释放人质。◊ The opposition is calling for the Prime Minister to resign, 反对党要求首相 辞职。 request sth (formal) to ask for sth or ask sb to do sth in a polite or formal way (客气或正 式地) 恳求，请求给 You can request a free copy of the leaflet. 你可以索取一本免费提供的 小册子。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to ask for/call for/appeal for sth from sb ■ to formally ask for/call for/request/apply for sth ■ to repeatedly ask for/call for/request/appeal for sth aspire aspire /əˈspaɪə(r)/ a spire to sth to have a strong desire to gain or achieve sth 渴望得到；有志成就：He's never really aspired to great wealth. 他从未真正渴求 过巨额财富。 ♦ v + prep associate associate /əˈsəʊsieɪt; AmE ɑk-/ associate with sb to be involved with or spend a lot of time with sb or with a group of people, especially people that sb else does not approve of 与 (不被认同的人) 密切交往；和… 廊混：I don't like the people you associate with. 我不喜欢你结交的那些人。 ♦ v + prep associate yourself with sb/sth (formal) to say that you agree with sb/sth 表示赞同： They do not want to associate themselves with spending cuts and tax increases. 他们不想表态 赞成削减经费和增税。 OPP dissociate yourself from sb/sth ♦ v + pron + prep attend attend /əˈtend/ attend to sb/sth (formal) to deal with or take responsibility for sth; to give practical help to sb who needs it 处理；应付；照顾；护 理：I have some urgent business to attend to. 我 有一些急事要处理。◊ (BrE) Are you being attended to? 有人接待你吗？ [OBJ] business, needs, customer an look after sb; look after sth; see to sb/sth (less formal) → note at care for sb ♦ v + prep attribute attribute /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ attribute sth to sb to consider that sth has been written, painted, spoken or created by a particular person 认为 (作品、言论等) 出自某 人：This painting is usually attributed to Goya. 这幅画一般认为是戈雅的作品。 SYN ascribe sth to sb ♦ v + n/pron + prep attribute sth to sb/sth to consider that sth is caused by a particular person or thing 把... 归因于；认岛...真由于：His success can be attributed. largely to hard work. 他的成功可以 说主要是靠勤奋。◊ She said she was not going to attribute blame or seek revenge for what had happened. 事已至此，她说不想怨天尤人或寻求 报复。 SYN ascribe sth to sb/sth; put sth down to sth (less formal) ♦ v + n/pron + prep auction auction /ˈɔːkʃ(ə)n; BrE also 'ok-/ em An auction is a public event at which things are sold to the person who offers the most money for them. * auction 是指拍卖、 竞买。 auction sth 'off to sell sth at an auction, especially sth that sb no longer needs or wants 拍卖处理 ( 尤指不再需要的物品 )：The house and all its contents will be auctioned off next week. 下周将拍卖掉这所房子和房中所有物品。 -> note at SELL STH OFF ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv avail avail /əˈveɪl/ avail yourself of sth (formal) to make use of sth; to take advantage of sth, usually to improve your situation ( 通常为欢善状况 ) 使 用，利用：Guests are encouraged to avail them- selves of all the hotel's facilities. 欢迎客人使用 宾馆的各种设施。◊ I'd like to avail myself of this opportunity to thank you all for your sup- port. 我想借此机会感谢诸位的支持。 [OBJ] facilities, opportunity ♦ v + pron + prep average average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ average 'out to result in a fair or equal amount over a period of time 达到平均数；最 终持平：Sometimes I do the cooking and some- times my flatmate does. It averages out over a month. 有时我做饭，有时室友做饭。一个月下 来，我们做饭的次数不相上下。 ♦ v + adv average sth out (at sth) to calculate the average of sth 算出…的平均数 ( 为… )：if you average it out, there's one car stolen every three minutes. 算起来平均每三分钟就有一辆汽车失 窃。◊ The tax authorities averaged out his profit at £10000 a year over five years, 税务机 关算出五年间他的平均利润为每年1万英镑。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv average out at sth to have a particular amount as the average over a period of time 平均数为；平均达到：The time she spends prac- tising the piano averages out at about an hour a day. 她练钢琴的时间为平均每天一小时左右。 ♦ v + adv + prep awake awake /əˈweɪk/ (awoke /əˈwəʊk; AmE ə'woʊk/, awoken /əˈwəʊkən; AmE əˈwoʊkən/) awake to sth (formal) to become aware of sth and its possible results; to realize or understand sth 意识到；察觉到；醒悟到：They finally awoke to the full extent of the problem. 他们终于认识到了问题的严重性。◊ I suddenly awoke to the fact that I had the answer in front of me. 我突然发觉答案就摆在我面前。 -> see also AWAKEN TO STH, AWAKEN SB TO STH ♦ v + prep awaken awaken /[əˈweɪkən/ awaken to sth; a waken sb to sth (formal to become aware of sth, or to make sb become aware of sth, and its possible results (使) 意识到；(使) 察觉到；(使) 醒悟到：People are gradually awakening to their rights. 人们正逐渐意识到自己的权利。◊ The public has been awakened to the full horror of the situation. 公众完全认识到了这一状况多 么恐怖。 -> see also AWAKE TO STH ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep back back /bæk/ back a way (from sth) to move backwards away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant 畏 缩；退避；躲避：He stepped forward and she backed away in alarm. 他走上前来，她慌忙往 后退。◊ The child backed away from the dog nervously. 小孩紧张地后退躲避那条狗。 SYN retreat (from sb/sth) {more format) -> see also BACK OFF 2 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep back away from sth; back away from doing sth to avoid doing sth unpleasant or difficult; to show that you no longer support an action or an idea 背弃，不 再支持 (案行动或想法)：We will not back away from tough measures. 我们不会手软。◊ The union has backed away from calling a strike. 工会放弃了罢工号召。 ♦ v + adv + prep back down (on/from sth) to take back a claim or a demand that you have made, or sth that you have said, usually because sb forces you to (被迫) 收回，放弃，取消 (主张、要 求、言论等)：Neither of them will back down on this issue.在这一问题上他俩都不会退让。◊ His critics were forced to back down. 批评他的 人被迫偃旗息鼓了。 SYN climb down (over sth); give in (to sb/sth) -> see also BACK OFF (FROM STH/FROM DOING STH), BAC OFF STH ♦ v + adv back off 1 (informal) to stop threatening or annoying sb 放过(某入); 不再烦扰(某人)： Back off and let me make my own decisions, 别烦我，让我自己拿主意。◊ The press have agreed to back off and leave the couple alone. 新闻媒体同意不再打扰这对夫妇。2 to move away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant 畏缩；退避；躲避：As the head teacher approached, the children backed off. 校长过 案时，孩子和都闪开了。 SYN retreat (from sb/sth) -> see also BACK AWAY, BACK AWAY (from sth) ♦ v + adv back off (from sth/from doing sth), , back off sth (especially AmE) to decide not to continue to do sth or support an idea, in order to avoid a difficult or unpleasant situation 放弃 (继续做某事)；不再支持 (某想法)：The government backed off in the face of strong opposition. 面对强烈的反对，政府退却了。◊ He refused to back off from his earlier statement. 他 拒绝撤回先前的声明。◊ The rebels backed off their demand for meeting with the President. 反 叛分子放弃了与总统会面的要求。 -> see also BACK DOWN (ON/FROM STH) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep back onto sth (BrE) if a building backs onto sth, it has sth behind it (建筑物) 背 向，背对，背靠：The hotel backs onto the golf course. 旅馆的后面是高尔夫球场。 ♦ v + prep back out; .back out of sth; back out of doing sth to decide not to do sth that you had agreed or promised to do 变卦；撒手不干；背弃 (承诺)：Everything's arranged. It's too late to back out now. 一切都 安排妥了。现在退出为时已晚。◊ There's still time to back out of selling the house. 现在改主 意不卖房子还来得及。 SYN pull out, pull out of sth, pull out of doing sth; withdraw (from sth) (more formal) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep back up; back sb/sth up to move backwards a short distance, especially in a vehicle; to make sb/sth move backwards a short distance (使) 后退；倒 (车)：The truck in front is going to have to back up. 前面 的那辆卡车看来不得不倒一下车了。◊ You can back up another two meters or so. 你可以再退 两米左右。◊ Jeff backed the van up and drove off quickly. 杰夫倒了倒车，然后飞快地开走了。 ◊ The woman was backed up against the wall. 那名女子被迫退到了墙边。 an reverse, reverse sth (more formal) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n back up; back sth 'up if traffic backs up or is backed up, it cannot move and forms a long line (车辆) 拥堵，阻塞，排起长龙：Two lanes were closed by the accident, causing cars to back up for miles. 事故导致两条车道被封， 汽车拥塞长达几英里。◊ The traffic is backed up to the traffic lights. 车辆在没通信号灯处堵 住了。 TOTE Nearly always used in the passive. 几乎 总是用于被动语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n back sb/sth up 1 to say or show that what sb says is true 证明，证实 (某人所言) If tell my parents I was with you, will you back me up? 假若我对父母说当时我和你在一起，你肯为 我作证吗？ ◊ His version of events is not backed up by the evidence. 他对事件的说法缺乏证据支 持。[OBJ] statement, claim 2 to support or help sb/sth 支持；帮助：Melissa complained that her husband never backed her up when it came to dealing with the children. 梅利莎抱 怨丈夫从未帮她管教过孩子。◊ Backing her up (= playing music to support her) was the band 'Midnight Express'. 为她伴奏的是 “午夜快车” 乐队。SYN an support sb/sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) ► backup n [C, U] (AmE music) (usually used as an adjective 通常用作形容词）music that supports the main singer or player in popular music （流行音乐的）伴唱，伴奏：a backup singer for Stevie Wonder 史蒂维.旺德的伴唱歌 手 ◊ She once sang backup for Madonna. 她曾经 为麦当娜伴唱。 back sth up 1 （computing） to make a copy of a file, a program, etc. that can be used if the original one is lost or damaged 备份（文 件、程序等）：We back up all the files every night. 我们每晚都给所有文件做备份。[OBJ] file, document 2 to add sth extra to sth, especially as a support 补充；辅助；支持：The lectures will be backed up by practical work. 课堂讲 授将辅以实际操作。◊ They backed up their demands with threats. 他们以恐吓手段要挟满足 其要求。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► backup n 1 [C] （computing） a copy of a file, program, etc. for use in case the original is lost or damaged （文件、程序等的）备份： Have you kept a backup of this file? 这份文件 你备份了吗？ ◊ a backup disk 备份磁盘 2 [U] support or help that you can use in order to do sth 支持；帮助；援助：military backup 军事援助。They have a huge backup team.他 有一支庞大的后援队 3 [C] a second piece of equipment, person, etc. that can replace another if necessary 备用器械：替补人员；后 备：He's our backup if another player isn't available. 如果我们有队员无法上场，就由他替 补。◊ the backup plan 备用方案 bag bag /bæɡ/ （-gg-） bag sth up to put sth, usually large amounts of sth, into a bag or bags 把（通常指大量物 品）装进袋里：The vegetables are bagged up on the farm and then sent out to the market. 蔬菜 在农场装袋后，发送到市场。 NOTE Bag sth can also be used on its own with this meaning. bag sth 单独使用也可作此义。 ♦ v + adv + n • v + n/pron + adv SYNONYMS同义词辨析 back sb/sth up back sb/sth up ♦ bear sb/sth out ♦ confirm sth ♦ corroborate sth ♦ substantiate sth These verbs all mean to support what sb says by stating or showing that it is definitely true or correct. 这些动词都表示支持、证明、证实。 back sb/sth up to support what sb says; to say that what sb says is true 为...作证；证实 （言论）：I'll back you up if they don't believe you. 如果他们不相信你，我会为你作证◊ The writer doesn't back up his opinions with examples. 作者并未援引实例证明他的观点 bear sb/sth out （especially BrE） to support a claim, a theory or what sb says 支持，证实 （主张，理论或言论）:The other witnesses will bear me out. 其他证人会为我作证。◊ The other witnesses will bear out what I say. 其他 证人会证明我所言属实。 confirm sth to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence （尤指提供证据）证实， 确认，肯定：Rumours of job losses were later Confirmed. 裁员的传闻后来得到证实。◊ His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. 他 愧疚的神情证实了我的怀疑。 corroborate sth （often passive） （formal） to provide evidence that proves or supports a claim, theory or other evidence 确证 （主系 理论或其他证据）：The evidence was corroborated by two independent witnesses. 该 项证据得到了两名独立证人的佐证。 ► corroboration n [U] substantiate sth （often passive）（formal） to provide evidence that proves or supports a claim or sth that sb has said 证明，证实（主 张或言辞）：They made accusations which could not be substantiated. 他们提出了 指控， 但是无凭无据。► substantiation n [U WHICH WORD? Substantiate and corroborate have similar meanings but they tend to be used with different words. Both go with claim but substantiate is also used with criticism, remark and point; corroborate is commonly used with findings, theory, results and evidence. Back sb/sth up has a similar meaning to substantiate sth, but substantiate is more formal; substantiate cannot have a person as its object. Back sb/sth up and substantiate imply that you are providing information to prove sth; bear sb/sth out and confirm sth imply that the facts are already there. * substantiate 和 corroborate 含义 相近，但一般与不同的词语连用。两者都与 claim 连用，但 substantiate 还与 criticism, remark 和 point 连用，而 corroborate 通常与 findings, theory, results 和 evidence 连用。 back sb / sth up 和 substantiate sth 含义相近，但 substantiate 更正式，并且 substantiate 不能以人 作宾语。back sb / sth up 和 substantiate 含有提 供信息以资证明之意；bear sb / sth out 和 confirm sth 含有事实已经存在之意。 PATTERNS AND COllOCATIONS ■ to confirm/bear out that/what... ■ it was confirmed that... ■ to confirm whether... ■ to confirm/substantiate/back up/corroborate/bear out a claim/statement/story/theory bail bail /beɪl/ bail out； bail out of sth 1 (BrE also .bale out, bale out of sth) to jump out of a plane that is going to crash, using a parachute (= a large piece of cloth that opens out like an umbrella and makes people fall slowly and safely) (从即将坠毁的飞机中) 跳伞；紧急跳伞: The crew just had time to bail out. 机组人员刚 好来得及跳伞逃生。2 to escape from a situ- ation that you no longer want to be involved in 退出；不再参与：The actor who was supposed to be playing the part bailed out. 原定饰演这个 角色的演员不干了。-> see also BACK OUT ♦ v + adv + prep bail out； .bail sth out (BrE also .bale out, .bale sth 'out) to throw water out of a boat with a container or with your hands (从船 里) 往外舀水：The boat will sink unless we bail out. 我们要是不排水，船可要沉了。 ◊ They started bailing the boat out. 他们动手把船舱的 水舀出去。 [OBJ] boat, water ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bail sb out (law) to pay sb's bail (= the money that sb accused of a crime has to pay if they do not appear at their trial) for them, so that they can be set free until their trial 保释 (被告) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bail sb/sth out; .bail sb/sth out of sth (BrE also .bale sb/sth out, .bale sb/sth out of sth) (informal) to rescue sb/sth from difficulties, especially financial difficulties 帮 助...脱离困境；从困境中解救：The government: has refused to bail the company out again. 政府 拒绝再次帮助该公司摆脱困境。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ► bailout n (especially AmE, finance) an act of giving financial help to a company, economy, etc. to save it from failing (帮助摆脱困境的)紧急财政援助：government/bank bailouts政府/银行应急援助。 ◊ a bailout package 紧急财政援 助一揽子方案 balance balance /ˈbæləns/ balance A against B to compare the value or importance of one plan, argument, etc. against another 权衡，斟酌、比较 (两个计 划、论点等的价值或重要性) : You must balance the high salary against the long working hours. 你必须权衡高工资和长工时两者的利弊。 SYN set sth against sth ♦ v + n/pron + prep balance out; .balance sth out if things that are very different or have opposite effects balance out or you balance them out, they become equal in amount or value (使) 均 等，平衡、相当：If you eat a variety of food, protein and carbohydrate will balance out over a week. 如果饮食多样化，一星期后蛋白质和碳 水化合物就会均衡了。◊ We need to invite three more girls to balance out the numbers (= so that there are equal numbers of boys and girls). 我们得再邀请三个女孩，这样男女人数就 一样了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bale bale /beɪl/ bale out (BrE) -> BAIL OUT, ETC. balk balk/bɔːk/ balk at sth； balk at doing sth (especially AmE) -> BAULK AT STH, ETC. ball ball /[bɔːl/ ball sth up (AmE) to make sth that is usually flat into the shape of a ball 把...揉成 团：She balled up the paper and tossed it in the garbage. 她把纸揉成一团，扔到垃圾桶里。 SYN crumple sth up; scrunch sth up; wad sth up (especially AmE) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv balls balls /bɔːlz/ balls sth up (BrE, slang) to spoil sth; to do sth very badly 把...搞糟; 把...弄得一塌糊涂 NOTE A more polite, informal way of saying this is mess sth up. 较礼貌和非正式的表达方式 是 mess sth up。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► balls-up n (slang, especially BrE) sth that has been done very badly 混乱；一团糟；一塌 糊涂：I made a real balls-up of my exams. 我考 砸了。 NOTE A more polite, informal way of saying this is mess. 较礼貌和非正式的表送方式 是 mess。 band band /bænd/ band together to form a group and act together in order to achieve sth, etc. 团结；联 合；携手：We need to band together to fight chese reforms. 我们要齐心协力与这些变革作 斗争。 ♦ v + adv bandage bandage /ˈbændɪdʒ/ bandage sb/sth up to wrap a bandage around a part of the body that is injured 用 绷带包扎：Joe bandaged me up until the doctor came. 乔在医生到来前用绷带包扎好了我 的伤口。◊ I didn't see the bums because her fingers were all bandaged up. 我没有看到烧 伤，因为她的手指缠满了绷带。 [OBJ] wound, sb's leg/arm, etc. NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语 态。 Bandage sb/sth is also used on its own. ♦ bandage sb / sth 也单独使用： ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bandy bandy /ˈbændi/ (bandies, bandying, bandied) bandy sth a'bout (also .bandy sth around especially BrE) if a word, a name, etc. is bandied about, it is mentioned or talked about by many people, often in a careless way (轻率地) 传播， 散布，谈论：The stories being bandied about are completely false. 那些道听 途说的谣言完全是子虚乌有。 ◊ He's not paid anything like the £4000 a week figure being bandied around. 他每周挣四千英镑的说法完全 不靠谱。 [OBJ] story, figures, word/term NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bang bang /bæŋ/ bang a round {also .bang a1 bout especially BrE) to move around noisily 重手重脚地走动； 乒乓作响地来来去去：We could hear them banging about upstairs, moving things. 我们能 听到他们在楼上咣当咣当地来回挪动东西。 ♦ v + adv bang a1 way 1 {informal) to hit sth repeat- edly with a lot of force or energy (连续地) 猛砸，猛击：She picked up the hammer and began banging away. 她拿起锤子用力敲打起 来。2 if sth such as your heart bangs away, it makes very loud regular sounds (心脏等) 怦怦作响：My heart was banging away like a drum. 我的心像打鼓一样，扑通扑通直跳。 ♦ v + adv bang a way at sth (informal, especially AmE) to work very hard at sth 努力工作；致力于： She banged away all day at her assignment. 她 一整天都在埋头做作业。 SYN bash away (at sth) (BrE) ♦ v + adv + prep bang sth down to put sth down quickly and with a lot of force so that it makes a loud noise 猛摔；砰地一扔：He banged his fist down on the table. 他砰地一拳砸在桌子上。。 She banged the phone down (= ended the telephone conversation) before I could explain. 我还没来得及解释、她就啪地挂断了电话。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bang into sb/sth to crash into or hit sb/sth violently, usually by mistake (不小心) 撞 上，碰着: He ran around the comer and banged into an old lady who was coming the other way. 他跑过拐角，一下子撞上了迎面走来的一 位去太太。 ♦ v + prep bang on about sb/sth (BrE, informal) to talk or write a lot or in a boring way about sth 啰唆：絮叨：Pat is always banging on about politics. 帕特总是没完没了地谈论政治。◊ She keeps banging on about how wonderful her son is. 她逢人便讲她的儿子有多优秀。 SYN go on (about sb/sth) ♦ v + adv + prep bang out sth (informal) 1 to play music very loudly 高声奏出：He banged out the tune on the piano. 他在钢琴上响亮地弹奏那首曲子。 2 to write sth very quickly and without taking much care 仓促写成；匆匆写就：粗制滥造 (文 章等): She bangs out four novels a year. 她 一年可以赶写出四部小说。 SYN bash sth out (BrE), churn sth out NOTE When the object of bang out is a noun, it comes after out, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between bang and out ♦ bang out 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 out 之 后；但如果是代词，应置于 bang 和 out 之间： She bangs them out regularly. 她定期炮制些文 章出来。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv bang sb/sth 'up (AmE, informal) to damage or injure sb/sth, especially by hitting sth else 撞伤；碰坏：I banged up my knee when I fell off the bike. 我从自行车上摔下来，磕伤了膝盖。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv be/get .banged up (BrE, informal) to be locked up or put in prison 被拘留; 被关进牢房: He was banged up in a Singapore jail for six months. 他在新加坡坐了六个月牢。 ♦ be/get + v + adv bank bank/bæŋk/ bank on sb/sth； bank on doing sth； bank on sb/sth doing sth to rely on sb/sth; to be confident that sth will happen 依 靠；指望；信赖：I'm banking on your help. 我 还得靠你关照。 ◊ I'm really banking on you to help me. 我真的希望你能帮帮我。◊ I'd banked on getting a cup of coffee at the station, but everything was closed. 我原指望在车站能弄 杯咖啡喝，可是所有地方都打洋了。◊ He was banking on the train being on time. 他指望火车 会准点。◊ She might already have cleaned up the mess, but: I wouldn't bank on it. 她或许收 拾过了，但是我不能打包票。 SYN count on sb/sth, etc.; reckon on sb/sth, etc. ♦ v + prep ♦ v + prep + n/pron + to + inf bank up； .bank sth up (BrE） to form into a large pile; to make sth form a large pile (使) 堆积，聚集：The snow had banked up on either side of the road. 路两旁尽是积雪。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bargain bargain /ˈbɑːɡən; AmE ˈbɑːrɡən/ bargain sth a way (rare) to give away sth valuable or important in exchange for sth less valuable or important 廉价交换：亏本 交易：The leaders refused to bargain away the freedom of their people. 领导人拒绝拿人民的自 由做交易。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent} bargain for/on sth； bargain for/on doing sth； bargain for/on sb/sth doing sth to expect or be prepared to do sth; to expect sth to happen or sb to do sth 准 备好 (做案事)；预料到：We hadn't bargained for such bad weather. 我们没想到天气这么糟 糕。◊ I hadn't bargained on taking the kids with us. 我原本没打算让孩子们和我们一起去。◊ I didn't bargain for Jake being at the party. 我 没料到杰克会来参加聚会。 ◊ When he tried to argue with Kate, he got more than he had bargained /or. 他试图和凯特争辩，不料却招架 不住。◊ What 1 hadn't bargained for was that very few people would speak English. 我没想到 的是没几个人肯说英语。 SYN reckon on sb/sth, etc. NOTE These phrasal verbs are usually used in negative sentences. 这些短语动词通常用于否 定句。 ♦ v + prep barge barge /bɑːdʒ； /AME [bɑːrdʒ/ barge in (on sb/sth), barge into sth (informal) 1 to enter a place or join a group of people quickly and rudely, without being asked 擅自闯入；冒味介入：Sorry to barge in but ...抱歉冒昧打扰，可是… ◊ She barged in on our meeting without knocking. 我们开会时，她 门也不敲就闯了进来。◊ He just barged (his way) into the room. 他径直闯进了屋子。2 to interrupt what sb is doing or saying, especially when you have not been invited to join in 插 嘴：打岔；打扰：As soon as I paused for breath, Bart barged in. 我刚停下来喘口气，巴特便抢过 了话头。◊ You can't just come barging into our conversation! 你不能这么冒冒失失地打断我们的 谈话！ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep bark bark /bɑːk; AmE bɑːrk/ bark sth out to shout sth loudly 大声说 出；咆哮：She barked out instructions to her secretary. 她扯着嗓子对秘书发号施令。 (OBJ) orders, instructions SYN rap sth out NOTE Bark sth can also be used on its own with the same meaning * bark sth 单独使用也 可作此义：He barked orders at Tim. 他厉声对蒂 姆下达命令。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + speech barricade barricade /bærɪkeɪd/ barricade yourself/sb in; barricade yourself/sb 'in/into/inside sth to put up a line of objects at the entrance to a room or building, so that nobody can get in or out, usually to protect or defend yourself or sb else (堵住入口) 把…关在里面， 让…躲在里面：The police were called when he went mad and barricaded himself in. 他发疯了，把自己关在里 边，于是有人叫来了警察。◊ They barricaded themselves inside their house. 他们把自己关在 屋里。◊ Families had to be barricaded inside a restaurant while students protested outside. 学 生在外面抗议，这些家庭只得躲进一家饭馆里。 [OBJ] room, house ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep base base /beɪs/ base sth on sth (also base sth upon sth more format) to use or have an idea, an experience, etc. as the point from which sth can be developed 把…基于；以…为…的基 础；以…为…的根据：The novel is based on a true story. 这部小说是根据一个真实故事创作 的 ◊ She is basing the prosecution case on the evidence of two witnesses. 她是依据两名目击者 的证词提起诉讼的。◊ What's the design based on? 这一设计的蓝本是什么？。The report has been based upon inaccurate information. 这份 报告所依据的信息不准确。 ◊ Sue's knowledge of Japan was based only on what she had read in books. 休对日本的了解仅限于书本知识。 [OBJ] decision, theory, design, opinion, etc. NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep bash bash /bæʃ/ bash sb/sth about (BrE, informal) to hit or strike sb/sth and treat them/it in a rough way 猛打；暴打；粗暴对待：The mugger had bashed her about. 行凶抢劫者对她拳打脚踢。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv bash away (at sth) (BrE, informal) to work very hard at sth for a period of time 持续努 力，持之以恒 (专注于…)：I bashed away at the article without a break from 11 until 6. 我从 11 点到 6 点一刻不停地写那篇文章。 ♦ v + adv bash sth down (informal, especially BrE) to destroy sth and make it fall by hitting it violently 撞倒；撞坏；捣毁: The firefighters had to bash the door down. 消防队员不得不把 门撞破。 [OBJ] door SYN break sth down (more formal); knock sth down (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bash sth in (informal, especially BrE) to break or destroy sth by hitting it violently 打 破；打坏：撞毁：The window had been bashed in. 窗户打碎了。 [OBJ] window, head, skull, nose SYN smash sth in NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM bash sb's head/brains in (informal，especially BrE) to hit sb very hard 猛打；痛 打；狠揍：Shut up or III bash your brains in! 闭 嘴，不然我就把你的脑袋砸扁！ bash on (with sth) (BrE, informal) to continue working hard at sth 继续努力干：Let's bash on. 咱们继续加油干吧。◊ I'd better bash on with my work. 我最好还是继续努力工作。 SYN get on (with sth) (more formal) ♦ v + adv bash sth 'out (BrE, informal) to write sth very quickly, without taking much care 仓促 写成 粗制滥造 (文章等)：I don't do drafts of articles. I just bash them out. 我写文章从不打草 稿, 随便一写就完事。 SYN bang out sth ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bash sb up (BrE, informal) to attack sb 'violently 猛打；痛打；狠揍 SYN beat sb up (more formal) NOTE Beat sb up is more frequent. * beat sb up 更常见。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bask bask /bɑːsk/ bask in sth to enjoy the good feelings that you have when other people praise or admire you, or when they give you a lot of attention 享受，沉浸于 (他人的赞美或关注)：He had always basked in his parents' attention. 他一直 尽享父母的关爱。 ◊ i never minded basking in my wife's reflected glory (= enjoying the praise, attention, etc. she got). 生活在妻子的 光环中，我感到与有荣焉，从不介意。 ♦ v + prep bat bat /baet/ bat sth around (informal) to talk about or discuss plans or ideas, etc. before you decide what to do (在采取行动前) 考虑，讨论，推敲 (计划、想法等)： We're just batting some ideas around. 我们只不过是在聊聊一些想法。 tPBJl ideas, figures ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n batten batten /ˈbætn/ batten sth down to fasten sth firmly in order to prevent damage by storms or winds 固定，钉在 (以防风暴)：They managed to batten down the shutters and doors before the hurricane hit. 赶在飓风来袭前，他们总打算钉牢 了百叶窗和屋门。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM batten down the hatches to prepare for difficult times ahead 为应付困难作准备；未雨 绸缪：Businesses are battening down the hatches and preparing for a difficult year. 各企业都在早 作筹划，以应对困难的一年。 batter batter /ˈbætə(r)/ batter sth down to hit sth repeatedly until it breaks and falls down (以连续猛击) 砸 倒，砸毁：The only way to get in was to batter the door down. 要想进去只能把门砸开。 [OBJ] door SYN break sth down; beat sth down ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n baulk (especially BrE) (AmE usually balk) /bɔːk/ baulk at sth； 'baulk at doing sth to be unwilling to do sth or to get involved in sth because it is difficult, dangerous, expensive, etc. 畏缩；回避：He baulked at the idea of telling his parents where he was going. 他不愿 告诉父母自己要去哪里。 [OBJ] idea, expense ♦v + prep bawl bawl /bɔːl/ bawl sb out (informal) to speak angrily to sb because they have done sth wrong 痛骂； 厉声教: My boss bawled me out for being late. 我迟到了，给老板训了一顿。 SYN tell sb off ♦ v + n/pron + adv • v + adv + n ► bawling- out n [usually sing.] (informal) an act of speaking angrily to sb because they have done sth wrong 痛骂；厉声教训 bawl sth out (informal, especially BrE) to say or sing sth very loudly or in an angry voice 怒 吼：大叫；高声歌唱：She doesn't give you an order. She bawls it out. 她吩咐什么事情，总是 大喊大叫。 ◊ The children bawled out the songs, 孩子们扯着嗓子唱歌。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) ♦ v + adv + speech be be /bi; strong form bi:/(am/is/are, being, was/were, been ) be after sth to be trying to get or obtain sth 追求；追逐：Several people in the office are after the same job. 办公室里有几个人起争同一个职 位。◊ She's being too nice. I wonder what she's after. 她友好得过了头。我倒想知道她图的是什 么。note at look for sb/sth ♦ v + prep be at sb （informal, especially BrE) be/go/keep on at sb be at sth to be busy doing sth 忙于；专注于： He's been at his essay all night. 他整夜都在写文 章。 ◊ I'll be at it all day tomorrow. 我明天一整 天都会处理这件事。 ♦ v + prep IDM be at it (informal) 1 to behave badly; to argue or fight 不守规矩；争吵；打架：The kids are at it again. 孩子们又闹起来了。2 to have sex 性交；做爱 be a way to not be at home, especially when you are on holiday/vacation or on a business trip 外出 ( 尤指度假或出差 )：we'll be away for the month of August. 我们八月份要外出。 ◊ He's away on business at the moment. 他出差去了。 ♦ v + adv be before sb be up before sb be behind sb to give sb your support 支 持；做...的后盾：Don't forget that we're behind you all the way. 记住我们会一直支持你。 ♦ v + prep be behind with sth to be late doing sth, such as paying a bill, your rent, etc. 拖欠 (付 账、交租金等)；耽搁；逾期： we're behind with the mortgage repayments. 没有按时偿 还按揭贷款。◊ I'm behind with my college assignments, 我没及时完成大学作业。 ♦ v + adv + prep be down if a computer system is down, it is not working (计算机系统) 出故障：(计算 机)停机：Surely your computer isn't down again? 你的计算机不会又坏了吧？ ♦ v + adv be down on sb to treat sb severely or unfairly 对…苛刻；对…不公：he's been really down on me lately. 他最近特别跟我过不去。 ♦ v + adv + prep be down to sb 1 to be the responsibility of sb 是...的责任: It's down to you to help them now. 现在该你帮助他们了。 SYN be up to sb 2 to be sb's fault 是...的过错： All this trouble is down to Matt. 所有这些麻烦都怪马特。 ♦ v + adv + prep be 'down to sth to have only a little money left (钱）所剩无几，只剩一点：I'm down to my last dollar. 我只剩最后一块钱了。 ♦ v + adv + prep be/go down with sth to have or catch an illness 生，得，染（病）： Gill's down with flu. 吉尔患了流感。 ♦ v + adv + prep be in 1 to be in fashion 时髦；入时：Miniskirts are in this season, 本季流行超短裙。2 to be elected to a political position 当选（政治职 位）：The Democrats are in for another term. 民 主党人获选连任。 ♦ v + adv be in for sth （informal） to be going to experience sth soon, especially sth unpleasant 即将面临（尤指令人不快的事）；势必遭受： She's in for a shock. 她会大吃一惊的。 ◊ It looks like we're in for a storm. 看来我们要遭遇暴风 雨了。 ♦ v + adv + prep be/get 'in on sth (informal） to have a share in or knowledge of sth; to be or become involved in sth 知道；参与；涉足：Are you in on the secret? 你知道这个秘密吗？ ◊ I'd like to be in on the deal. 我很想参与这桩交易。 ♦ v + adv + prep be （well） in with sb to be （very） friendly with sb and likely to get an advantage from the friendship 同…关系（非常）亲密（尤指可 从中获得好处） ♦ v + adv + prep be into sth to have a taste for or an interest in sth 爱好；对…感兴趣：Are you into jazz? 你 喜欢爵士乐吗？ ◊ he's been into trains since he was a small boy. 他从小就喜爱火车。 ♦ v + prep be off 1 to leave; to go, especially in a hurry 离开；（匆忙）走开：I must be off. 我得走了。 2 to have gone bad and not be fit to eat or drink （食物）变质:This milk is off. 牛奶坏了。 3 if a dish in a restaurant is off, it is not available （饭店菜单上的菜）无法供应，断档： I'm afraid the liver is off today. 肝今天恐怕没 有了。 ♦ v + adv be off sb/sth 1 to have no interest in sb/sth; to have stopped liking sb/sth 对…不感 兴趣；不再喜欢：She can't be well. She's been off her food all week. 她一定是生病了。她整个 星期都没胃口。 ◊ That's it. I'm off men for life. 我算是受够了，这辈子我再也不找男人了。 2 to have finished speaking on the telephone 打完 （电话）：Isn't he off the phone yet? 他电话还 没打完吗？ ♦ v + prep be off for sth (informal) to have a particu- lar amount of sth （某物）有某一数量：How are we off for coffee （= how much have we got）? 我们还有多少咖啡? ♦ v + adv + prep be on 1 （of an event, a show, a performance, etc. 落动、演出、表演等）to be happening; to take place 在进行中；举行：Is the party still on? 聚会还没散吗？ 2 （of a performer 表演者）to be on the stage; to perform 在台上；演出： Who's on next? 下面该谁上台？ ◊ we're on after the band. 我们在这个乐队之后上场。3 （of food 食物）to be cooking 在烹调中：Are the potatoes on? 土豆烧上了吗？ ♦ v + adv IDM you're on （informal） used when you are accepting a bet or a challenge 我跟你赌; 我接 受你的挑战 be on sb if sth such as drinks, food, tickets, etc. are on sb, they are paid for by that person （饮料、食前、票等）由…支付，由… 付账: The drinks are on me tonight. 今晚的酒水 钱我来付。 ♦ v + prep be on sth 1 to be taking medicine, a drug, etc.在服用（药物、毒品等）：She's been on the pill for ten years. 她服避孕药有十年了。◊ I'm on strong painkillers. 我在服用强效止痛药。2 to be talking to sb on the telephone 在通电话: She's been on the phone for hours. 她打电话有 好几个小时了。 3 to be eating or drinking sth 在吃；在喝：I'm on my third coffee already this morning. 这是我今早喝的第三杯咖啡了。 ♦ v + prep IDM what are you on? （informal） used when you are very surprised at sb's behaviour and are suggesting chat they are acting in a similar way to sb using drugs （指对方行为失常）你 吃错药了吧？ be on about sth （informal, especially BrE） to talk about sth, often in a boring way; to mean sth 谈论；唠叨；意思是：He's always on about how much money he earns. 他总爰唠叨 他赚多少钱。◊ What are you on about? （= I don't understand） 你究竟是什么意思？ ♦ v + adv + prep be/go/keep on at sb （also be 'at sb） （informal, especially BrE） to try to persuade sb to do sth by talking about it very often and in an annoying way 反复劝说；不断纠缠：I've been on at my husband to go to the doctor, but he won't. 我再三规劝我丈夫去看医生，可他就 是不去。 SYN nag sb ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + prep be 'onto sb （informal） 1 to become aware that sb has done sth wrong or illegal and be trying to catch them 盯上（犯错者）；追捕 （违法者）：The police aren't onto us yet. 警察 还没盯上我们。2 to talk to sb about sth, espe- cially to complain about sth or ask them to do sth 向…投诉；要求…采取行动：I've been onto the council about the noise. 我已经向委员会投 诉过噪声问题了。 ♦ v + prep be onto sth to have found or discovered sth that could have very good results for you or for sb else 找到，发现 (有用的线索、有益的事 物):She could be onto something (= she might have discovered sth that will prove important). 她可能有了重大发现。 ♦ v + prep be out 1 to have stopped work as a protest and be on strike 罢工：The postal workers are still out 邮政职工还在罢工。2 to be no longer in prison 出狱；获释：I've heard Smith's out now. 我听说史密斯出狱了。 3 if a jury (= a group of people who decide the results of a competition or whether or not sb is guilty of a crime) is out, they are still trying to make a decision (评委会或陪审团) 在裁决中、在审议 中 4 to be no longer in fashion 不流行；过时: Black is out this year. 今年不时兴黑色。◊ Politeness seems to be out of fashion these days (= no one is polite any more). 如今讲礼貌似 乎已经过时了。5 if an action, for example, is out, it is not possible or is not allowed (行动 等) 不可能，不允许：Shall we get together one evening next week? Monday's out―I've got a French class. 我们下星期找个晚上聚一聚吧？星 期一不行——我有法语课。 ♦ v + adv IDM the jury is (still) 'out on sth used when you are saying that sth is still not certain (某 事)仍未定夺，悬而未决 The jury is still out on whether wine can be good for you. 葡萄酒对人 是否有好处尚无定论。 be out for sth； be out to do sth to be trying very hard to do sth or to get sth 力图； 一心一意要；竭力寻求：He's out for revenge. 他 一心要报复。◊ Everyone's just out for what they can get these days (= they are trying to get things for themselves). 如今每个人都只顾谋求 私利。 ◊ The German team want to win this game, but Brazil are out to stop them. 德国队想 赢下这场比赛. 但是巴西队会尽全力阻止他们。 ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + adv + to +inf be out of sth to have used up a supply of sth and have nothing left 用光； 耗尽；使枯竭： we're out of sugar. 我们的糖吃完了。 ♦ v + adv + prep be over sb to have returned to your usual state of happiness after the end of a relation- ship (和某人感情结束后) 心情恢复过来: It was hard at first, but I'm over him now. 和他分手之 初很难过，但现在我对他没感觉了。 ♦ v + prep be over sth to have returned to health after an illness 病愈；恢复健康：He's over the flu now. 他的流感好了。 ♦ v + prep be past it (informal) used to show that you think sb is so old that they can no longer do anything useful or interesting 年老无用； 年老 无趣：The children laughed at him and said he was past it. 孩子们嘲笑他，说他年老不中用了。 ♦ v + prep + it be through (to sb) to be connected to sb on the telephone (和某人) 接通电话：You're through now. 您的电话接通了。◊ You're through to the manager now. 您可以和经理通 话了。 ♦ v + adv be through (with sb/sth) (especially AmE) to have finished using or doing sth; to have finished a relationship with sb 使用完 (某 物)；做完 (某事)；(与某人) 分手：Aren't you through yet? You've been ages! 你还没完 成？你真是没完没了！ ◊ He promised he was through with drugs. 他保证过不再吸毒。◊ Keith and I are through. 基思和我吹了。 ♦ v + adv be up 1 to be awake 醒来；醒着：You're up early. 你醒得真早。◊ I've been up all night. 我整夜没合眼 2 (of the wind, the sea, etc,风、 海等)to have increased in strength or become violent 增强；变猛：In the morning the wind was up and we got ready for a day's sailing. 早晨风更大了，我们为一天的航行作好了准备。 3（informal) (of a drink, a meal, etc. 饮料、饭 菜等)to be ready 已准备好；已预备好：Tea's up! Come and get it. 茶沏好了！ 过来喝吧。 4(with sb) used to say that sth is happening, especially sth unusual or unpleasant (不同寻 常或令人不快的事) 发生了，进行中：You look terrible! what’s up? 你气色很不好！出什么事儿 了？ ◊ I couldn't understand what was up with George. 我不明白乔治是怎么了。 ♦ v + adv IDM what's up? (informal) used to say hello to sb (问候语) 你好吗, 最近忙些什么呢 be up against sb to be playing against sb in a game, competition, etc. (比赛、竞争等 中) 对手是：We're up against some tough com- petition this year. 今年我们面临激烈的竞争。 ♦ v + adv + prep be up against sth to be facing problems or difficulties 面对 (问题)；面临 (困难)：With three players injured, they were really up against it (— in a difficult situation). 三名队员 受了伤，他们的情形实在不妙。 ◊ Do you realize what you're up against? 你明白自己的处境吗？ ♦ v + adv + prep be up before sb (also be before sb) to appear in court or before a judge 上法庭，出 庭 (面对法官)：he's up before the judge tomor- row. 他明天出庭受审。 ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + prep be up for sth 1 to be considered for sth, especially as a candidate for a job, in an election, etc. 作为…的考虑对象；是…的候选人: She's up for promotion. 她就要升迁了。◊ (informer) There are 50 tickets up for grabs (=available for people who ask quickly). 现有 50张票，先来先得。2 to be for sb to buy 供出 售；待售：I see your house is up for sale. 我看 到你的房子要出售。◊ A Picasso is up for auction. 有一幅毕加索的画要拍卖。3 (informal) to be ready to take part in an activity 准备参 加 (活动)：The new job will be a challenge, but I'm up for it. 新工作将是一个挑战，但是我 已准备应战。 ♦ v + adv + prep be up to sb 1 to be sb's responsibility or duty 是…的责任；是…的职责：It's up to you to make sure the house is kept tidy. 保持房屋整洁 是你的责任。SYN be down to sb 2 to be left to sb to decide 由…决定；取决于：'Shall we go out? ' I don't know. it's up to you‘ “我们出去 好吗？" “我不知道, 你来决定吧。" ♦ v + adv + prep be up to sth (informal) 1 to be busy doing sth, especially sth bad 忙于 (尤指做坏事)： What have you been up to lately? 你近来忙些什 么呢？ ◊ The kids are quiet—I'm sure they're up to no good (= they are doing sth bad). 孩子们 静悄悄的——我敢肯定他们没在干什么好事。 2 to be as good as people expect 符合期待； 达 到：Was your meal up to standard? 你的饭菜够 标准吗？ ♦ v + adv + prep be upon sb (formal) to be going to happen very soon 即将发生：The election is almost upon us. 选举在即。 ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 be up be amiss ♦ be up ♦ be wrong These verbs all describe sth that causes problems or difficulties or that is not as it should be. 这些动词都表示出现问题、困难或 异常。 be amiss (formal) to be wrong; to be not as it should be 不正常；有毛病：She sensed there was something amiss and called the police. 她 感觉情况有点不大对头，于是报了警。 be up (informal) used to say that sth is happening, especially sth unusual or unpleasant (尤指不同寻常或令人不快的 事)发生，进行 what's Up? Are you OK? 怎么 了 ？你没事儿吧？。◊ I could tell something was up by the look on his face. 从他的脸色，我就 看出出事儿了。 be wrong to cause problems or difficulties; to be not as it should be 出问题；有困难；不正 常：Is anything wrong? You look worried, 出什 么事儿了？ 你一副愁眉苦脸的样子。 ◊ 'what's wrong?' 'Oh, nothing'." 怎么了？ ” “哦，没 事儿"。 ◊ There's something wrong with the printer. 打印机出故障了。 PATTERNS AND COLlOCATIONS ■ there is sth wrong/up/amiss with sb/sth ■ to be seriously wrong/amiss ■ to be badly wrong ■ is anything wrong/up? ■ what's wrong/up? beam beam /biːm/ beam sb up/ down (in science fiction 科幻作品中) to transport sb from one place to another using a special machine which can separate the atoms in their body and then put them back together again (使用特殊机器以光 束形式) 将...从一地运送至另一地：This party is so boring! Beam me up, Scotty! (= used to say that you wish you were somewhere else) 这次 聚会乏味死了！真不该来！ ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bear /beə(r); AmE ber/ (bore /bo:(r)/, borne /bɔːn; AmE bɔːrn/) bear 'down on sb/sth (also .bear 'down upon sb/sth more formal) 1 (especially BrE) to move towards sb/sth in a determined or threatening way (来势汹汹地) 冲向，逼近：A crowd of journalists bore down on the minister. 一群记者冲向部长。 ◊ A hurricane is bearing down on Central America. 飓风向中美洲袭来。 2 (especially AmE) if a problem or a difficult situation bears down on you, it makes you feel very worried and has a severe effect on you (问题或困境) 深深烦扰，严重影响：The drought is bearing down very hard on farmers. 旱情让农民忧心忡忡。3 (especially AmE) to press or push on sb/sth 施压；抑制；推动： (figurative) The government has announced it will bear down on (=deal strictly with) inflation. 政府宣布将严控通货膨胀。 ♦ v + adv + prep bear on/upon sb/sth (formal) to be connected with sb/sth; to have an effect on sb/sth 涉及；影响：This decision bears directly on our everyday lives. 这一决定直接影响我们的 日常生活。 SYN affect sb/sth ♦v + prep bear sb/sth out (especially BrE) to show that sth is true or that what sb says is true; to support sb/sth 证实；为...作证；支持 I always said she'd do well. John will bear me out on this. 我总是说她会做好的。这事约翰可以为我作 证。◊ John will bear out what I say. 约翰会证 明我所言非虚。 ◊ This theory is not borne out by the facts. 这一理论没有事实依据。-> note at BACK SB/STH UP ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bear up (under sth) to remain cheerful and in control in a difficult situation 保持振作；不 气馁：'How is your mother?' She's bearing up very well： “你母亲还好吗？ ” “她很硬朗。" ◊ 'How are you?' 'Oh, bearing up.' “你怎么样 T? ” “ 啊，还挺得住。" ♦ v + adv bear upon sb/sth -> BEAR ON/UPON SB/STH bear with sb to be patient with sb 耐心对 待；容忍：If you'll just bear with me for a moment, Hl try to find. her. 如果你能给我一点 时间，我会设法找到她。 ◊ She's under a lot of strain. Just bear with her. 她承受着很大压力， 对她宽容一些。 NOTE Bear with sb is usually used in the present tense or to ask sb to be patient. * bear with sb 通常用于现在时，或用于劝人要有耐心。 ♦ v + prep beat /[biːt/ (beat, beaten /ˈbiːt(ə)n/) beat sb 'back to make sb move backwards away from sth 使后退；使后撤：She was beaten back by the flames. 火焰迫使她退了回去。◊ They tried to beat the enemy back 他们试图击 退敌军。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n beat down (on/upon sb/sth) 1 if the sun beats down, it shines with great heat (阳 光) 曝晒，直射：The sun beat down all after- noon from a clear sky. 整个下午晴空当头，骄阳 似火。2 if rain beats down, it falls with great force (雨) 倾盆而下，倾泻： The rain was beat- ing down on them. 大雨浇在他们身上。 ♦ v + adv beat sb 'down (AmE, slang) (of a group of people 一伙人) to severely injure sb by hitting and kicking them 殴打 (某A) : We saw pic- tures on the news of a bunch of kids beating down an older guy. 我们看到几张新闻照片，一 帮孩子对一个上了岁数的男子拳打脚踢。 SYN bash sb up (informal, less frequent）, beat sb up ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► beat-down n (AmE, slang) 1 an occasion when several people severely injure sb by hitting and kicking them (一伙人对某人的) 殴打 2 (sport) an occasion when one team defeats another by a large number of points 大 胜；完胜 beat sb/sth down (to sth) to persuade sb to reduce the price of sth; to get sb to accept a lower price for sth 与…讨价还价；杀…的价： Chris tried to beat them down to a lower price. 克里斯试图跟他们把价格砍下来。 SYN knock sb/sth down ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) beat sth down i to hit sth hard, often many times, until it falls down 用力 打倒； 把...打翻在地：The police had to beat the door down. 警察不得不把门砸开。◊ People are hardly beating the door down to get her latest book (= they are not rushing to buy it). 人们 并没有争相购买她最近出版的书。[OBJ] door SYN break sth down; batter sth down 2 to make sth flatter or lower by hitting it hard, usually with sth flat (用平展的工具) 把…拍 平，把…打下去：I used a spade co beat down the mud. 我用铁锹把泥土拍结实。 ◊ Two women tried to beat down the flames. 两名女子试图把 火苗扑灭。[OBJ] flames ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n beat sb/sth 'off i to drive sb/sth back or away by fighting 驱走；逐回：They beat off an attack by the rebel army: 他们击退了叛军的进 攻。◊ He tried to beat the thugs off with a stick. 他想用棍子赶走那帮暴徒。 [OBJ] attack, attacker 2 to defeat sb/sth in a competition or in business (竞争中或商业上) 压倒，胜过：The company has beaten off very strong competition from abroad. 公司战胜了来自国外的强有力的竞 争。[OBJ] challenge, competition ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv beat on sb (AmE, informal) to hit or kick sb repeatedly 殴打；毒打 -> see also BEAT SB UP; BEAT UP ON SB ♦ v + prep beat sth 'out i to produce a rhythm by hitting sth such as a drum repeatedly (用鼓 等) 敲打出 (节奏) [OBJ] rhythm 2 to put out a fire by hitting it with sth such as a brush, a jacket, etc. (用刷子、上衣等) 扑打灭 (火)： He used his jacket to beat out the flames. 他 用夹克衫把火扑灭。[OBJ] flames, fire 3 to make a piece of metal flat by hitting it with a hammer, etc. (用榔头等) 敲平，锤薄 (金属)： Pure gold can be beaten out: to form very thin sheets. 纯金可以锤成很薄的箔片。[OBJ] gold/iron, dent ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) beat sb out of sth (AmE, informal) to get sth from sb by cheating or taking full advantage of a situation (通过欺诈手段或利 用机会从某人处) 骗取，攫取，猎取：He beat me out of $500, 他骗了我 500 元。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep beat sb to sth； .beat sb to it to achieve sth or reach a place before sb else 抢先完成； 抢先到达：Beckham beat everyone else to the ball. 贝克汉姆抢先拿到了球。◊ Book now before somebody else beats you to it! 请从速订购. 以 防别人捷足先登！ ♦ v + n/pron + prep beat sb up to hit or kick sb repeatedly 毒 打；踢打：Her husband used to beat her up. 她丈夫以前常对她大打出手。◊ The gang went round beating up old ladies. 这伙暴徒四处殴打 老年妇女。 SYN bash sb up (informal, less frequent), beat sb down (slang) -> see also BEAT UP ON SB ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► beat-up (especially AmE) (BrE usually beaten-up) adj [usually before noun] (informal) old or damaged 就旧的；破损的：He drives a beat-up old win. 他开一辆破破烂烂的旧 货车。 beat yourself up (about/over sth) (in-format) to blame yourself too much for sth; to criticize yourself 深深自责；自我批评：Look, there's no need to beat yourself up over this. 哎，这件事你不必如此自责。 ♦ v + pron + adv beat up on sb (AmE, informal) to attack sb physically or with words (身体或言语上) 攻 击：Of course it's not OK to beat up on your wife. 打老婆当然不对。◊ He was accused of beating up on the President in the press. 有人指 责他在报章上抨击总统。 -> see also BEAT ON SB ♦ v + adv + prep beaver beaver/buvs(r)/ beaver a way (at sth) (BrE, informal) to work very hard at sth 拼命工作；努力工作：She's been beavering away at her homework for hours. 她连续几个小时都在忙着做作业。 ♦ v + adv become become /bɪˈkʌm/ (became /bɪˈkeɪm/, become) be come of sb/sth (formal) to happen to sb/sth 发生于；降临到...身上：I wonder what became of the people who lived next door. 我不 知道以前住在隔壁的人怎么样了。 ◊ What will become of us if I lose my job? 如果我丢了 工作， 我们会怎么样呢？ NOTE Become of sb/sth is usually used in a question with what, * become of sb / sth 通常用 于带 what 的疑问句。 ♦v + prep bed bed /bed/ (-dd-) bed down 1 to lie down to go to sleep somewhere you do not normally sleep (临时 在某处) 睡下；投宿，过夜： Young people bedded down in doorways. 年轻人就睡在各家各 户的门口。 SYN doss down (BrE, less formal) 2 (also .bed 'in) if sth/sb new beds down, it/he/she becomes settled and starts to work well (新事物或新人) 适应，安顿下来: take a while for the new system to bed down. 新系统 需要过段时间才能正有运转。 ◊ The new players have bedded down well in the team. 新队员已经 很好地融入了这支队伍。 ♦ v + adv beef beef /biːf/ beef up sth informal) to make sth bigger, stronger, more interesting, etc. 扩大； 加强; 增强：Security has been beefed up. 安全措施得 到了加强。 ◊ The company has been trying to beef up its image. 公司一直致力于改善形象。 NOTE When the object of beef up is a noun, it comes after up, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between beef and up * beef up 的宾语如果是名词， 应置于 up 之后；但如果 是代词，应置于 beef 和 up 之间：Try to beef it up a little. 这个尽量充实一点。 ♦ v + adv + n .v + pron + adv ► beefed-up adj [only before noun] im- proved; made bigger, stronger, more inter- esting, etc. 改进了的；强化了的；充实了的: beefed-up security 强化的安全措施 beg beg /beg/ (-gg-) beg off； beg 'off sth； ,beg off doing sth to ask to be excused from sth; to say that you cannot do sth that you are expected or have promised to do 推掉，请求免除 (该做 或答应做的事)：She was asked to work the weekend shift but she tried to beg off. 要 让她上周末班，可她竭力想推掉。 ◊ He begged off visiting his grandparents. 他把看望爷爷奶奶 的事推掉了。 SYN pull out, pull out of sth, etc. -> see also CRY OFF, ETC. ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep believe believe /bɪˈliːv/ believe in sb/sth 1 to feel sure that sb/sth exists 相信…存也 信奉；信仰：Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗？ ◊ I believe in Go. 我 信上帝。 ◊ I don't believe in aliens. 我不信有外 星人。 -> see also DISBELIEVE IN SB/STH; DEPEND ON SB/STH 2 to have confidence in sb/sth, to feel sure that they/it will be successful or achieve sth 信赖；信任；相信… 会成功：My parents always believed in me. 父母 始终相信我会有出息。 ◊ I have to believe in a product before I can sell it. 我首先必须对产品信 得过，然后我才能把它拿出来售卖。 ♦v + prep believe in sth； believe in doing sth to feel that sth is right or valuable; to approve of sth 认为...正确；认为...有益；赞同：Do you believe in capital punishment? 你赞成死刑吗？ ◊ She doesn't believe in running risks. 她不主张 冒险 。 ◊ I've always believed in giving people a second chance. 我一直认为应该给人第二次 机会。 ♦ v + prep believe sth of sb to accept that sb is capable of a particular action, etc., especially a bad or immoral one 相信某I做得出 (尤指坏 事或不道德的事)：Taking drugs? I can't believe that of Lucy! 吸毒？ 我不相信露西会这样！ 5 hadn't seen him doing it, I would never have believed it of him. 要不是亲眼所见， 我决不会 相信他会干这种勾当。 ◊ She is determined to believe the worst of me (= think I am capable of doing, and likely to do, sth very bad). 她坚 信我什么坏事都干得出来。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep belong belong /bɪˈlɒŋ; AmE ˈlɔːŋ/ belong to sb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) 1 to be the property of sb; to be owned by sb (财物) 归...所有; 属于： The house belonged to my cousin. 这座房子是我 亲戚的。◊ That land belongs to the golf club. 那 块地属于高尔夫俱乐部。 ◊ Who does the van belong to? 这辆客货车是谁的？ 2 if a time or an event belongs to a team, a group of people, etc. they are the most successful, popular or important (某时代、 赛事等) 属 于，成就了 ： Britain did well in the competition, but the day belonged to Norway. 在比赛中英国 队表现不俗，但那天却是挪威队赢得了胜利。 ◊ The second half of the 20th century belonged to the young. * 20世纪后半期是年轻人的世界。 3 if a job, a duty, etc. belongs to you, it is your responsibility (工作、 任务等) 归…负 责，是…的责任: The job of disciplining a child belongs to the parents. 管教孩子是父母的职责。 ◊ The credit for our success belongs to the staff (= they made us successful). 我们的成功归功 于全体职员。 ♦ v + prep belong to sth 1 to be a member of sth, for example a club, an organization or a family 是 (俱乐部、组织、家庭等) 的一员： I don't belong to any political party. 我没有加入任何政 党。◊ Latvia already belongs to the European Union. 拉脱维亚已经加入欧洲联盟。[OBJ] (trade) union, club, (political) party 2 to be part of a particular group or system 是 (某族类或体 系) 的一分子；归入: Rattlesnakes belong to the viper family. 响尾蛇属于蛭蛇科。 ◊ These three turtles all belong to one species. 这三只龟都是 一样的品种。[OBJ] species, class, group, category 3 to be part of sth or connected with a particular time or place 是...的一部分；与 (特定时间或地点) 有关： These things belong to the past. 这些都是过去的事情了。 ◊ Writers like him belong to a different generation. 他这一类 作家属于另一代。[OBJ] the past, generation ♦ v + prep belt belt /belt/ belt sth 'down (AmE, informal) to drink sth quickly 很快喝掉；狂饮：He belted down his beer. 他把啤酒一饮而尽。 SYN knock sth back ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv belt 'out sth (informal if you belt out a song or a piece of music, you sing or play it very loudly 高声演唱；大声演奏：Nobody can belt out a tune like she can. 她歌喉嘹亮，无人 能比。◊ A radio belted out pop music. 收音机以 高音量播放流行音乐。 NOTE When the object of belt out is a noun, it comes after out, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between belt and out * belt out 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 out 之后；但如 果是代词，应置于 belt 和 out 之间: She can belt it out with the best of them. 她歌喉嘹亮，不比 任何人差。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv belt up (BrE) 1 (informal) used to tell sb not very politely to be quiet (不太礼貌的说法) 住 口，闭嘴，安静点：Belt up, will you? 你消停一 会儿，行不行？ SYN shut up (informal) 2 to fasten the belt that you wear in a car to keep you in your seat if there is an accident (a seat belt) 系好安全带成 SYN buckle up ♦ V + adv bend bend /bend/ (bent, bent /bent/) bend 'down to lean down 垂下；弯下：He bent down and kissed her on the cheek. 他低下 头，吻了她的面颊。 ♦ v + adv bend over； ,bend over sth to lean over; to bend from the waist 俯身；弯腰：Bend over and touch your toes. 弯下腰去触摸你的脚趾。 ◊ He was bending over his desk, writing in his diary. 他正伏案写日记。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep IDM bend over backwards (to do sth) to do everything you can or make a great effort to do sth, especially to help sb 千方百计，尽心尽 力 (尤指帮助别人)： We bend over backwards to be fair to all the children. 我们尽量对所有孩 子一视同仁。 bet bet /bet/ (betting, bet, bet or, less frequent, betting, betted, betted) bet on sth to rely on sth or on sb doing sth and expect it to happen 信赖：指望；对…有把 握：Do you think shell come? I wouldn't bet on it (= I don't think it is very likely)， “你觉 得她会来吗？" “ 我看希望不大。” ◊ Don't bet on me still being here when you get back! 你回 来的时候，可别指望我还会在这里！ SYN count on sb/sth, etc. ♦ v + prep big big /big/ (-gg-) big sb/sth up (BrE, slang) to praise or recommend sb/sth strongly 高度费扬；竭力 推荐：He's been bigging up the CD on his radio show. 他在自己的广播节目中极力推荐那张CD。 SYN plug sth (more formal); promote sth (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n big it up (for sb/sth) (BrE, slang) to show enthusiasm and support for sb/sth, especially by clapping, shouting, etc. (尤指通过鼓掌、 欢呼等) 宣示热情，表示支持：Big it up for the boys in the band! 请鼓掌欢迎乐队的小伙子们！ ♦ v + it + adv bill bill /bɪl/ bill sb/sth as sth to describe sb/sth in a particular way; to advertise sb/sth as sth 把… 称之为；把…宣传为：Some patients are re- ceiving what has been billed as a revolutionary treatment. 有些病人正在接受所谓的革命性治 疗。 ◊ The concert was billed as Night of Magic'. 这场音乐会美其名曰 “魔幻之夜” 。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep bind bind /baɪnd/ (bound, bound /baʊnd/) bind sb 'over (law) to warn sb that they will have to appear in court if they break the law again 勒令…具结保证 (不再违法)：He was bound over to keep the peace. 他被责令具保不 再闹事。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bind sb to sth (formal) to force sb to do sth by making them promise to do it or making it part of a legal document 使立誓做：使受 (法律文书) 约束： The company directors are bound to secrecy ( = they have promised not to say anything) about the future of the company. 公司董事对公司的未来负有保密义 务。◊ The band found they were bound to the contract. 乐队发现他们被合同束缚住了。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep bind sth up (with sth) to tie a long thin piece of material around sth to protect it (用 长布条) 缠绕，围裹：She bound up his wounds with bandages. 她用绷带给他包扎好了伤口。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM be bound up in sth to be very busy with sth; to be very interested or involved in sth 忙 于；热衷于；也身于：He's too bound up in his work to have much time for his children. 他 工作太忙，没有多少时间留给孩子。be bound 'up with sth to be closely connected with sth 与…联系紧密；与…关系密： The history of the mill is closely bound up with the history of the Wilkins family. 工厂的历史与威尔金斯家族的历 史密切联系在一起。 bitch bitch /bɪtʃ/ bitch sb out (AmE, slang) to criticize sb angrily 怒骂；痛骂：The teacher bitched me out for being late. 因为迟到，老师劈头盖脸说了我 一通。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bite bite /bait/ (bit /bit/, bitten /ˈbɪtn/) bite at sth to try to bite sth 试图咬；向…咬去： The dog bit at the boy's hand. 狗想去咬男孩 的手。 ♦ v + prep bite back (at sb/sth) to react when sb has harmed you and try to harm or criticize them 回咬；报复; 反击：If you criticize him, hell bite back. 如果你批评他，他会反过来攻击你的。 SYN hit back (at sb/sth) ♦ v + adv bite sth back to stop yourself from saying sth or from showing how you feel 忍住不说； 抑制 (情感)：She struggled to bite back the tears of disappointment. 她极力克制着不让失望 的泪水流下来。◊ Mike bit back his anger. 迈克 按捺住怒火。◊ The word idiot' came into her head, but she bit it back. “白痴” 这个字眼闪过 她的脑际，可她忍住没说出来。 [OBJ] words, anger, retort, tears cm suppress sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) bite into sth 1 to cut or press into the surface of sth 咬入；划进；刺入： The collar bit: into his neck. 衣领勒着了他的脖子。SYN cut into sth 2 to have an unpleasant effect on sth, especially by making it smaller 对...产生不良 影响；(尤指) 使缩小： The recession is biting into our profits. 经济衰退侵蚀了我们的利润。 ♦ v + prep bite sth off to cut sth off by biting it 咬下； 咬掉：She bit off a piece of chocolate. 她啃下一 块巧克力。◊ His finger had been bitten, off by a dog. 他的手指让狗给咬断了。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM bite sb's head off (informal) to shout at sb or speak to them angrily, often for no good reason (常指无缘无故地) 朝...叫嚷，呵斥：I only asked him when the work would be fin- ished and he almost bit my head off. 我只不过 问了下活儿什么时候能干完，他就冲我破口大 骂。 bite off more than you can 'chew (informal) to try to do too much or sth that is too difficult for you 贪多嚼不烂；想一口吃成胖 子；不自量力：This time he's bitten off more than he can chew. 这回他实在太贪心，吃不消 了。 I, etc. could have bitten my, etc. 'tongue off/out used to say that you wish you had not said sth that you have just said (表示后悔) 真不该说刚才那句话：Sam looked hurt and Maria could have bitten her tongue off. 看到 萨姆受伤的表情，玛丽亚对自己刚才说的话懊悔 不已。 black black /blaek/ black out to become unconscious or lose your memory for a short time (短暂) 昏厥， 失忆：The pain hit him and he blacked out. 他 疼得晕了过去。 ♦ v + adv ► blackout n: When did you start having these blackouts? 你什么时候开始出现这种短暂 昏迷的？ black sth out to turn out lights completely or cover windows, etc. so that light cannot be seen from outside 熄灭 (某处) 的灯；使不漏光: blacked-out windows/houses 密不透光的窗户 / 房子。◊ The city was often blacked out by power cuts. 停电经常使这座城市陷入一片漆黑。 [OBJ] window, city NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) ► blackout n 1 (especially BrE) (in the past) a period of time during a war when the streets and buildings were kept as dark as possible so that the enemy could not see what to bomb (战时) 灯火管制 2 [usually pl.] a covering for windows that stops light from outside coming in, or that stops bright light being seen from outside 遮光窗帘：blackout material 窗户遮光材料 3 (also 'outage AmE) a period of time when the electricity supply to a place stops completely 断电；停电 4 a situation when the government or the police prevent a radio or television programme from being broadcast, or do not allow some news or information to be given to the public （广播或电视节目的）禁播；（对新闻或信息 的）封锁：The government have been accused of maintaining a news blackout over election fraud. 政府被指封锁有关选举舞弊的新闻报道。 blank blank/[blæŋk/ blank out （AmEy informal） if you blank out or your mind blanks out, you cannot remem- ber anything or you become confused 不知所 措；一片茫然：I hope I don't blank out in the exam. 但愿考试时我脑子里不会一片空白。 NOTE Blank on its own has the same meaning. ♦blank 单独使用也作此义。 ♦v + adv blank sth out 1 to deliberately forget sth unpleasant 刻意忘却（令人不快的事）：Your childhood may have been difficult but you can't just blank it out 童年时代或许艰难，但是不能 就这么从记忆中抹去。2 to cover sth written or printed, for example, with black ink so that it cannot be read （用墨水等）掩盖，遮盖（文 字）：All the names in the report had been blanked out. 报告中所有的名字都已涂掉了。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （rare） blare blare /bleə(r); AmE bler/ blare out; blare sth out if music blares out, or a radio, etc. blares out music, it is produced or played very loudly （ 音乐）高声 奏出；（收音机等）大声播放（音乐）： Music was blaring out from somewhere. 不知从何处传 来喧嚣的音乐。◊ The radio was blaring out rock music. 收音机正在以高音量播放摇滚乐。 SYN blast out, blast sth out （less frequent） ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv blast blast /blɑːst; AmE blsest/ blast a way （at sb/sth） if a gun or sb using a gun blasts away, the gun fires loudly and continuously 砰砰新击；猛烈轰击：The machine guns blasted away all night. 机关枪射击声彻夜 不停。 ♦ v + adv blast sb/sth a way （less frequent） to kill sb or remove sth or break it apart violently, for example with a gun, bombs, etc. 击毙，炸 死（某人）；炸毁，炸开（某物）：They have blasted away the side of this beautiful valley to make a road. 为了修路、 他们把这座美丽峡谷的 一侧炸开了。 ◊ （figurative） This theory has been blasted away by the new evidence. 这一理论被 新的证据推翻了。 SYN blow sb/sth away ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv （rare） blast off when a spacecraft blasts off, it leaves the ground and goes up into space （航 天器）发射，升空：The rocket blasted off at 7.28 p.m. 晚上 7 时 28 分火箭发射升空了。 SYN lift off ♦ v + adv ► blast-off n [U] the moment when a space- craft leaves the ground （航天器的）发成起 飞：Blast-off will be in 30 seconds. 距离发射时 间还有30秒。 blast out; .blast sth out if music blasts out or a radio, etc. blasts out music, it is produced or played very loudly （音乐） 高声奏出；（收音机等）大声播放（音乐）：A Beatles song was blasting out at full volume. 一 首披头士乐队的歌曲正以最大音量播放着。 ◊ The radio was blasting out heavy rock music. 收音 机正在高声播放重摇滚乐。 SYN blare out, blare sth out ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv blaze blaze /bleɪz/ blaze away 1 （at sb/sth） if guns or people blaze away, the guns fire continuously （对…）连续射击，连射不止：The guns kept blazing away at the enemy. 枪炮对着敌人 不停射击。2 if a fire blazes away, it bums brightly 熊熊燃烧；猛烈燃烧 NOTE Blaze is used on its own with the same meanings. * blaze 单独使用也作此义。 ♦ v + adv blaze up if a fire blazes up, it suddenly starts burning more strongly （猛然地）然 烧起来：（figurative） His anger blazed up uncontrollably. 他心中怒火不可抑制地爆发了。 ♦ v + adv bleep bleep /bliːp/ bleep sth/sb 'out to remove an offensive word that sb says on television, etc. and replace it with a short high electronic sound （电视节目等中）以电子设备发出的短促尖 音取代（不雅字眼）：His obscenities had to be bleeped。以. 他的污言秽语不得不用短促尖音 抹去。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n blend blend /blend/ blend in 1 （with sth） if sth blends in with sth else or with its surroundings, it looks similar to it/them or matches well （与周围环境等）协调，相称：The curtains blend in perfectly with the carpet. 窗帘和地毯搭配完美。 ◊ The new office block doesn't blend in well with its traditional surroundings. 新办公大楼与传统 风格的周边环境格格不入。2 （with sb） if sb blends in with other people, they become similar to the people around them （与周围人 群）打成一片，融洽交流： He should try to blend in with the locals a bit more. 他应该争取更多地 与当地人交往。 -> see also BLEND INTO STH; MERGE IN （WITH STH）, MERGE I NTO STH ♦ v + adv blend sth in 1 （in cooking 烹饪）to add another substance to sth and mix them together 加入并搅拌：调和掺入：Heat the butter gently and then blend in a little flour. 把黄油小 火加热，然后掺入少许面粉。SYN mix sth in 2 to make a substance mix with another so that you cannot see where one ends and the other starts 使混为一体；使掺和在一起：Blend the eyeshadow in with your fingers. 用手指把眼 影揉开。 ◊ He blended in the charcoal lines to make the picture look softer. 他以炭笔线条晕 染，使画面显得更柔和些。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) blend 'into sth to look or sound so similar to sth that it is difficult for anyone to see or hear it 与…融为一体：与...相互交融：The animals can blend into the long grass. 这些动物 在长草丛中很难分辨。 ◊ The new development should blend into its surroundings. 新开发项目 应该与周围环境协调一致。 [OBJ] background, surroundings -> see also BLEND IN; MERGE IN, ETC. ♦ v + prep blimp blimp/blɪmp/ blimp out/up (AmE, informal) to become fat; to gain weight 发福；发胖 ♦ v + adv blink blink/blɪŋk/ blink sth a'way to dear sth from the eyes by blinking (= closing and opening your eyes quickly) 眨眼睛挤掉：He blinked away a tear. 他 眨了眨眼睛，挤掉泪水。 [OBJ] only tear(s) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv blink sth back to try to control your tears 忍住泪水：I found myself blinking back tears during his speech. 在他演讲过程中我一直忍着不 让眼泪掉下来。 [OBJ] only tear(s) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bliss bliss /blɪs/ bliss out； .bliss sb out (informal) to feel very happy and relaxed; to make sb feel this (使) 感到轻松，感到喜悦：I was blissing out over my scrambled eggs. 我吃着炒鸡蛋，感到乐 不可支。◊ Those old black and white movies bliss me out. 那些黑白老电影使我欣喜若狂。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) ► blissed out adj feeling very happy and relaxed 轻松的；极乐的：The regulars at the yoga class looked completely blissed out. 瑜伽课 上的常客看上去怡然自得。 block block /blɒk; AmE blɑːk / block sb/sth 'in to stop a vehicle from being driven away by parking too close to it (停车间距过小而) 把...困住，把...堵住： You're blocking that Mini in. 你停的车把那辆宝马微型 车给挡住了。 ◊ Somebody had parked in front of me, blocking me in. 有人把车停在我前面，把 我的车堵住了。 ◊ I was blocked in by two lorries so I had to leave the car and. walk. 我的车被两 辆大货车夹在中间不能动弹，我只好下车步行。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) block sth off 1 to close a road or another place by placing a barrier across it to stop sb/sth going in or coming out (设立路障等) 拦堵，封锁：The police blocked the street off. 警察封锁了这条街道。◊ The pipe had been blocked off to prevent further leaks. 为防止继 续渗漏，管道被堵上了。[OBJ] street, road, area, entrance SYN close sth off (to sth/sb) 2 (especially AmE) to reserve a period of time for a particular activity 留出，预留 (时间)： Thursday afternoons are blocked off for sports. 周四下午定为体育活动时间。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n block sth out to stop light or noise from coming in; to cover or hide sth 遮挡 (光线或 噪声)；遮盖；掩盖：The trees blocked out much of the sunlight 树木挡住了大部分的阳 光。◊ (figurative') fm so used to the traffic noise now I just block it out (= I don't hear it). 现在 我已经完全适应了汽车噪声，对它充耳不闻。 [OBJ] light, sun, sound ♦v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) block sb/sth out; .block sb/sth out of sth to avoid remembering sb/sth or thinking about sb/sth, especially sth unpleasant 刻意遗忘，不去想 (尤指令人不快 的事) : He tried to block the incident out of his mind. 他试图把那件事从心头抹去。 SYN blot sb/sth out, etc.; shut sth out, shut sth out of sth; suppress sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep block sth up to fill sth such as a hole completely so that nothing can get through it 堵塞，封住 (孔洞等)： All the windows had been blocked up. 所有窗户都封死了。 (OBJ) window, door, hole, fireplace ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► blocked 'up adj completely full; not clear 塞塞的; 阻塞的: I've got a blocked-up nose. 我 的鼻子塞住了。 blot blot /blɒt; AmE blɑːt/ (-tt-) blot sb/sth out; .blot sb/sth out of sth to avoid remembering sb/sth or thinking about sb/sth, especially sth unpleasant 刻意忘 掉，不去想 (尤指令人不快的事)：He wanted to blot out the memory, 他想抹去那段记忆。 [OBJ] memories, thoughts SYN block sb/sth out, etc.; shut sth out, shut sth out of sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep blot sth 'out to stop light or noise coming in; to cover or hide sth 遮挡 (光线或噪声)； 遮盖；掩盖：Dark clouds were blotting out the sun, 乌云渐渐遮蔽了太阳。 [OBJ] light, sun, stars, sound SYN block sth out ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv blow blow /[bləʊ; AmE bloʊ/ (blew /blu:/, blown/bləʊn; AmE bloʊn/) blow away； blow sth a way to be moved or carried away by the force of the wind or by sb's breath; to move in this way (被) 吹走，吹散： It was so windy the tent nearly blew away! 风太大，帐篷都几乎要被刮 走了！。 ◊ sudden breeze blew his newspaper away. 突如其来的一阵风刮跑了他的报纸。 ◊ She blew away the dust on the lid. 她吹掉了盖子上 的灰尘。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n blow sb a way 1 (informal) to impress sb a lot; to surprise or please sb 给...留下深刻印 象；震撼；使高兴：I saw her performance on Broadway last year and it just blew me away. 我去年在百老汇看过她的演出，印象十分深刻。 SYN bowl sb over; knock sb out (informal) 2 (AmE, informal, sport) to defeat sb easily 轻有打败；轻松战胜：Mitchell blew away the other runners. 米切尔轻而易举地战胜了其他赛 跑选手。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n blow sb/sth a way to kiD sb or remove or destroy sth with bombs or with a gun (用炸 药或枪) 杀死，除掉，摧毁：He threatened to blow us away. 他威胁说要把我们统统枪毙。 ◊ They blew his kneecaps away (= by shooting them). 他们开枪打碎了他的膝盖骨。 SYN blast sb/sth away 2 note at shoot sb/sth DOWN ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n blow down； .blow sth down if sth blows down, or the wind blows it down, it falls to the ground because of the force of the wind (被) 吹倒，掀翻：An old oak tree had blown down in the storm. 暴风刮倒了一棵老橡 树。◊ Hundreds of trees have been blown down this winter. 今年冬天有数百棵树被吹倒。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n blow in； .blow into sth (informal) to arrive somewhere where you are not expected 突然出现；突然来到：Look who's just blown in! 看. 谁来 了 ！ ◊ Have you heard who's just blown into town? 你听说谁刚进城了吗？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep blow off (BrE, informal) to let air from the body escape through your bottom 放屁：Who just blew off? 刚才谁放两屁？ SYN break wind (more formal); fart (slang) ♦ v + adv blow off; blow sth off; .blow sth off sth 1 if sth blows off, or the wind blows it off, it is removed by the force of the wind 刮走，吹掉： My hat blew off. 我的帽子被 风刮掉了 ◊ A gust of wind blew her cap off. 一阵风把她的帽子吹走了。 ◊ The roof was blown off the Greens' house. 格林家的房被 风掀掉了。2 if sth blows off in an explosion, or an explosion blows sth off, it is violently removed (被) 炸掉，摧毁：The door blew off in the explosion. 那扇门被炸飞了。 ◊ The explosion blew the roof off (the house). 爆炸把 屋顶掀翻了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep IDM .blow off steam (AmE) -> LET OFF steam at let sth off blow/knock sb's socks off to impress or surprise sb very much 给 留下深 刻昂象；使十分惊愕：When I first heard the song, it blew my socks off. 我第一次听到这首 歌时就被深深打动了。 blow the *lid off sth (BrE also blow the 'lid on sth) to reveal information that was previously kept secret, especially in a dramatic way (尤指以戏剧性 的方式) 曝光...的秘密，揭露...的内幕：The art- icle blew the lid off the secret: scandals inside the previous administration. 该文揭露了上届政府不 为人知的丑闻。 blow 'off sth (AmE, informal) to decide not to do sth you should do or were planning to do 推掉 (本该做的事)；取消 (原定要做的 事)；变卦：Jessica blew off her classes on Friday afternoon to go shopping. 杰西卡星期五 下午旷课去逛商店了。 NOTE When the object of blow off is a noun, it comes after off, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between blow and off ♦ blow off 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 off 之 后；但如果是代词，应置于 blow 和 off 之间：I debated going to Joe's, but I blew it off. 我盘算 了一下是否去乔家里，但还是决定不去了。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv blow sb off (AmE, informal) 1 to disappoint sb by not meeting them as arranged 对...爽 约； 不赴约去见 (某人)：We were supposed to go out yesterday, but he blew me off. 我们约定 昨天外出的，可他放了我的鸽子。SYN stand sb up 2 to tell sb that you do not want to have a relationship with them 表示不愿与...发展关 系；甩掉：I told her I liked her, but she blew me off. 我向她示爱，但是她拒绝了 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n blow out 1 if a tyre blows out, it bursts suddenly (轮胎) 突然爆裂：One of the front Tyres blew out. 一个前胎突然爆了。SYN burst 2 if an oil or gas well blows out, it suddenly sends out gas with great force (油气井) 发生 井喷 ♦ v + adv ► blowout n 1 an occasion when a tyre bursts on a vehicle while it is being driven (车辆行驶过程中的) 爆胎 2 an occasion when oil or gas suddenly escapes from an oil well (油气井的) 井喷 3 (BrE, informal) a large meal at which people eat too much 大餐：盛宴 4 (AmE, informal) a large party or social occasion 盛大聚会；盛大的社交活动 blow out; blow sth out 1 if a flame blows out or sb/sth blows it out, it is put out by the wind or some air (被) 吹灭， 熄灭： There was a sudden gust of wind and the candle blew out. 突如其来的一阵风把蜡烛吹灭了。 ◊ She took a deep breath and blew out all the candles. 她深吸一口气，吹熄了所有蜡烛。 -> note at PUT STH OUT 2 if a window blows out, or an explosion, etc. blows it out, the force makes it faU out (窗户) 被炸掉， 被炸开；炸 掉，炸开(窗户)： All the windows blew out in the blast. 爆炸炸飞了所有窗户。◊ The explosion blew out the windows in the building. 爆炸把这 栋大楼的窗户都炸毁了。3 (in surfing冲浪)if the waves blow out or the wind blows out the waves, they become too low for surfing in a particular place (风、浪) 过去了 (指浪头 过低，不适合冲浪) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv blow sb out 1 (for sb) (BrE, slang) to tell sb that you do not want to have a relationship with them不愿与...发展关系；甩掉：He blew me out for Chris, but I still fancy him. 他甩了 我而选择了克丽丝，但是我仍喜欢他。2 (AmE, informal, sport) to defeat sb easily 轻易打败； 轻松战胜：The home team blew out the Suns by 30 points. 主队以30分的优势一举击败太阳队。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► blowout n (AmE, informal, sport) an easy victory 轻而易举的胜利 blow sth 'out 1 to breathe sth out from your mouth 吹出；呼出：She inhaled and then blew the smoke out. 她吸了一口，接着吐出了烟。 SYN exhale sth 2 to fill sth, especially your cheeks, with air 鼓起 (腮帮子等) ：She blew out her cheeks in exasperation. 她气乎乎地鼓着 腮帮子。[OBJ] cheeks 3 (especially AmE) to use a machine that blows hot air (a hairdryer) and a brush to make your/sb's hair straight (用电吹风和发刷) 梳直， 吹直 (头发)： Blowing your hair out every day can damage it. 每天用电吹风吹头会伤害头发。ZW hair 4 to badly injure a part of your body, especially a joint such as a knee or elbow 重伤 (尤指关节部位)： He blew out his knee playing basketball. 他打篮球时膝盖受了重伤。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM blow your/sb's brains out (informal) to kill yourself/sb by shooting yourself/them in the head 枪击头部自杀 / 杀死某人 ► blowout n (especially AmE) the act of blowing your hair out (电吹风) 吹头发 blow itself out if a storm blows itself out, it loses its force and stops (风暴) 减弱, 停止： By morning the storm had blown itself out. 到 了早上，风暴就逐渐停了。 ♦ v + pron + adv blow over 1 if a storm blows over, it becomes less strong and stops (风暴) 减弱， 停止：We sheltered in a bam until the storm blew over. 我们躲在谷仓里. 直到风暴平息。 SYN die down; subside 2 if an argument blows over, it becomes less important and is forgotten (争论等) 平息，被淡忘：Don't come back to work until the argument has blown over. 等争论平息后，再回来工作。 SYN subside ♦ v + adv blow over； .blow sb/sth over if sb/sth blows over or the wind blows sb/sth over, he/she/it falls to the ground because of the force of the wind (被) 吹倒，掀翻: One of the trees had blown over in the storm, 其中一棵树 在风暴中刮倒了。◊ The fence had been blown over in a storm. 篱笆在一次风暴中刮倒了。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv blow up 1 to explode; to be destroyed by an explosion 爆炸；破炸毁：The bomb blew up as experts tried to defuse it. 专家们试图拆除引信 时，炸弹爆炸了。◊ The car blew up when it hit the walk 汽车撞墙后炸毁了。 SYN explode (more formal) 2 to start suddenly and with force 爆发：A storm blew up just after the ship left port. 轮船刚离开港口便狂风大作。 ◊ A row has blown up over the leaking of information to the press. 向新闻界泄露消息引发了一场轩然大 波。 OPP die down 3 (at sb) (informal) to become very angry 动怒； 大动肝火：My mum blew up at my dad for keeping me up so late. 妈 妈对爸爸大发雷霆，因为他这么晚还不让我去睡 觉。◊ His attitude annoyed me and I blew up. 他的态度令我生厌，于是我发火了。4 (slang) to become very successful or popular 大获成 功；走红：Right now Miss Kirstee is totally blowing up. She's in her prime. 眼下柯斯蒂小姐 大红大紫。她风头正旺。 ♦ v + adv IDM blow up in sb's 'face if a plan, a deal or a situation blows up in your face, it goes very badly wrong and causes you harm or embarrassment (因计划、交易关败或形势 恶化而) 使某人栽跟头 ► blow-up n 1 (especially AmE) an explosion 爆炸 2 (AmE) an occasion when sb becomes very angry; an argument 狂怒；争吵：The tensions between them ended in a big blow-up. 他们之间关系紧张，结果使他们大吵一场。 blow sb/sth up to kill sb or destroy sth with a bomb or an explosion 炸死；炸毁：The hijackers threatened to blow the plane up. 劫机 者威胁说要炸掉飞机。 ◊ A judge in Italy was blown up by a car bomb last week. 上周在意大 利-名法官被汽车炸弹炸死。 NOTE Often used in the passive, 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n blow sth up 1 to fill sth with air or gas 给...充气：You need to blow up the tyres on your bike. 你该给自行车轮胎打气了。[OBJ] balloon, tyre an inflate sth (more formal) ma let sth down 2 to make sth larger 放大：What a lovely photo! Why don't you have it blown up? 这张照 片多可爱啊！你怎么不把它放大呢？ [OBJ] photo SYN enlarge sth (more formal) 3 to make sth seem more important, better or worse than it really is 夸张；对...言过其实：The whole affair has been blown up out of all proportion. 整个 事件被炒作得太离谱了。 SYN exaggerate sth (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► blow-Up n a larger picture made from a photo or picture 放大了的照片 (或图片)：The blow-up showed a scar on the attacker's cheek. 从放大后的照片上可以看到攻击者面颊上有 伤疤。 ► blow-up adj [only before noun] that you can fill with air or gas 可充气的 SYNONYMS同义词辨析 blow (sth) up blow (sth) up ♦ burst (sth) ♦ explode (sth) ♦ go off These are all verbs that can be used when sth bursts apart violently, causing damage or injury. 这些动词都表示爆炸，炸毁或炸伤。 blow (sth) up to be destroyed by an explosion; to destroy sth by an explosion (被) 炸死 炸A police officer was killed when his car blew up. 一名警察在汽车爆炸中 丧生。 ◊ They were trying to blow up the bridge. 他们企图炸毁大桥。 burst (sth) to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make sth break in this way (尤指因内部压力) (使) 爆炸，爆裂，胀破： That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more. 你再吹气，气球会爆 的。◊ The dam burst under the weight of water. 在水压之下，堤坝溃决了。 explode (sth) to burst loudly and violently, causing damage; to make sth burst in this way 爆炸；引爆：The jet smashed into a hillside and exploded. 那架喷气式飞机撞上山 坡，爆炸了。◊ Bomb disposal experts exploded the device under controlled conditions. 拆弹专家在受控条件下引爆了该装 置。► explosion n : There were two loud explosions. 发生了两次剧烈爆炸。 go off (of a bomb) to explode; (of a gun) to be fired (炸弹) 爆炸，起爆；(枪支) 发射， 开火：The bomb went off in a crowded street. 炸弹在一条熙熙攘攘的街道上爆炸了。NOTE When used about guns, go off can suggest that the gun was fired by accident, or that the person who fired it was not really responsible 如果指枪支，go off 暗示枪支走 火，或者开枪者并无责任: A gun went off during the search of his home. 在搜查他家的 时候，有支枪走火了。 WHICH WORD? Blow up has a similar meaning to explode, but explode is more formal. It is possible to say that a bomb blows up, but it is more common to say that it explodes or goes off. * blow up 和 explode 含义相尽， 但 explode 更正式。 指炸弹 爆炸时可说 blow up. 但说 explode 或 go off 更 常见。 PATTERNS AND COllOCATIONS ■ a bomb explodes/goes off/bursts ■ a car/plane/vehicle explodes/blows up ■ a firework/rocket explodes/goes off ■ a shell explodes/bursts bluff bluff /blʌf/ bluff sb out (old-fashioned, informal, especially AmE) to lie and pretend in order to trick sb (通过虚张声势) 欺骗，愚弄 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bluff it 'out (especially BrE) to lie to sb in order to get out of a difficult situation, especially when they suspect you are not being honest (尤指诚信受到怀疑时) 蒙混过关: If he asks any difficult questions, you'll have to bluff it out。他要是问些难题, 你就只能靠蒙混 过关了。◊ I know everything so there's no point trying to bluff it out. 我什么都知道，所以别企 图蒙骗下去了。 ♦ v + it + adv bluff sb 'out of sth (old-fashioned, AmE) to trick sb in order to get sth from them 从...手 中骗取；讴骗…交出 SYN cheat sb of sth, cheat sb out of sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep blunder blunder/ˈblʌndə(r)/ blunder around； .blunder around sth (also .blunder about/round, blunder about/round sth especially BrE) to move about a place in an awkward or uncertain way, knocking into things 跌跌撞撞地走；踉踉 跄跄地走：He blundered about in the dark, feeling for the light switch. 他在黑暗中磕磕绊 绊，摸寻电灯开关。◊ I blundered around the flat, trying to be quiet. 我在公寓里跌跌撞撞， 尽量不弄出声响。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep blunder into sth 1 to walk into sb/sth because you are awkward or unable to see (因笨拙或看不见) She blundered into a tree. 她不小心撞上了一棵树。2 to accidentally find yourself in a difficult or dangerous place or situation (无意之中) 陷入困境，步入险境: She blundered into a dangerous area of the city after losing her way. 她迷路之后不知怎么就到 了城市的危险地带。◊ He had innocently blun- dered into a private dispute. 他稀里糊涂地卷入 了一场私人纠纷。 ♦ v + prep blurt blurt /blɜːt; AmE blɜːrt/ blurt sth out to say sth suddenly and without thinking carefully 脱口而出；随口说出： There's been an. accident/ she blurted out. “ 出了事故。 ” 她随口说道。 ◊ He found himself blurting out the whole story to her. 他在不经意 中就把事情从头到尾全都告诉了她。 ♦ v + adv + speech ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv board board /bɔːd; AmE bɔːrd/ board sth up to cover a window or a door with boards 用木板封闭 (门窗)： AH the windows had been boarded up. 所有窗户都用木 板封牢了。 [OBJ] window, house, shop/store NOTE Often used in the passive.常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bob bob /[bɒb; AmE bɑːb/ (-bb-) bob up 1 to come to the surface quickly (迅 速) 冒出，浮出：She dived in and bobbed up a few seconds later in the middle of the pool. 她潜 入水中，几秒钟后在游泳池中央猛地钻出水面。 2 to appear suddenly 突然出现：She bobbed up from behind the fence. 他从篱笆后面突然冒了由 来。SYN pop up ♦ v + adv bog bog /[bɒg; AmE bɑːɡ/ (-gg-) bog down (AmE) to be unable to make progress 陷于停顿；停滞不前：The bill bogged down after being passed by Congress. 议案在国 会通过之后难以推行。 ♦ v + adv be/get .bogged down (in sth) 1 to be/get stuck in mud or wet ground; to become stuck in sth and unable to make progress 沉入泥沼 (或沼泽)；受困无法前进： The car got bogged down in the mud. 汽车陷入泥潭中动弹不得。 2 to be unable to make progress in an activity 陷入困境；停滞不前：Don't get bogged down in details. 不要纠缠于细枝末节。◊ I'm rather bogged down (with work) at the moment. 现在 我有点被工作拖住了。 ♦ be/get + v + adv bog off (BrE, slang) used to tell sb rudely to go away 走开；滚开：Bog off, I'm trying to sleep! 滚一边去, 我要睡觉！ SYN clear off (informal) ♦ v + adv boil boil /bɔɪl/ boil a way if a liquid boils away, it boils until there is nothing left (液体) 烧干: The water in the saucepan had all boiled away. 炖 锅里的水煮干了。 SYN evaporate (more formal) ♦ v + adv boil sth 'down 1 to make a liquid less in quantity by boiling it 熬浓；炖浓 SYN reduce sth (more formal) 2 (to sth) to make sth smaller by removing unimportant parts and leaving only the essential things 概括；归纳； 总结：Boil the report down to the key points. 把报告归纳为几个要点。SYN condense sth (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n boil down to sth (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) if a situation, an issue, etc. boils down to sth, it has that as its main part (形势、议题等) 归结为，归根结 底是：It all boils down to money in the end. 问 题最终的症结就在于钱。 ♦ v + adv + prep boil over 1 if a liquid in a pan, etc. boils over, it boils and flows over the side of the pan (液体) 煮溢, 稀饭潽了： Don't let the milk boil over.别把牛奶煮漕了。2 (into sth) {informal) if anger, an argument, etc. boils over, it changes and becomes very violent and difficult to control (怒火、挣论等) 恶化，失 控：The unrest could boil over into civil war. 骚乱有可能失控，进而演变成内战。。She interrupted swiftly before his temper could boil over again. 没等他再次动怒，她便急忙把话岔 开。SYN explode ♦ v + adv boil up if anger, an argument, etc. boils up, it starts to become stronger or more violent (怒火、争论等) 升级，愈演愈烈。 ♦ v + adv boil sth up (BrE) to heat a liquid or some food until it boils 把 (液体或食物) 煮沸： I'll boil the kettle up again and well have a cup of tea. 我再烧壶开水，咱们泡杯茶喝。 NOTE Boil sth can be used on its own with the same meaning. * boil sth 单独使用也可作此义。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bollix bollix /ˈbɒlɪks; AmEˈbɑːl-/ bollix sth up (AmE, slang) to confuse or change sth; to spoil sth 搞乱；使混乱；弄糟 an mess sth up (informal); screw sth up (slang) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bolster bolster /ˈbəʊlstə(r)); AmE ˈboʊ-/ bolster sb/sth up to support or encourage sb; to make sth better or stronger 支持，鼓励 (某人)；改善，加强 (某事物) ：He tried to bolster up their morale. 他尽力鼓舞他们的士 气。◊ The high interest rates helped to bolster up the economy. 高利率有助于稳固经济。 [OBJ] confidence, morale NOTE Bolster sb/sth on its own is more frequent. * bolster sb / sth 单独使用更常见。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bolt bolt /bəʊlt; AmE boʊlt/ bolt sth down (informal) to eat sth very quickly 狼吞虎咽；匆匆咽下： I had to bolt down my breakfast. 我只好匆匆吃完早饭。 [OBJ] food NOTE Bolt sth is also used on its own. * bolt sth 也单独使用。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bolt sth on (to sth) to add sth to sth else 'at a later stage (后期) 添加，添附： Statistics should be an integral part of the course and not just bolted on afterwards. 统计学应是本课程不 可分割的一部分，而不是后来补加的。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► bolt-on adj [only before noun] bomb bomb /bɒm; AmE bɑːm/ bomb out (informal, especially AmE) to fail very badly 惨败；一败涂地：The movie bombed out at the box office. 这部电影票房惨淡。 NOTE Bomb is also used on its own * bomb 也 单独使用：The movie bombed at the box office. 这部电影票房惨淡。 ♦ v + adv be/get bombed out; be/get, bombed out of sth if a person is bombed out, their home is destroyed by bombs; if a building is bombed out, it is destroyed by bombs (人) 被炸得无家可归； (家园或建筑) 被炸成一片废 墟：My mother was bombed out of her house in 1942. *1942年，轰炸使我母亲无家可归。◊ They got bombed out. 他们的家园被炸毁了。 ♦ be/get + v + adv ♦ be/get + v + adv + prep bone bone /[bəʊn; AmE boʊn/ bone up on sth (informal) to study sth; to look again at sth you already know 学习；温 习：I must bone up on my French before we go to Paris. 我们去巴黎之前， 我一定得把法语捡 起来。 ♦ v + adv + prep book book/bʊk/ book in (at sth), book into sth (BrE) to arrive at a hotel and arrange to have a room (到旅馆) 办理入住手续： They booked in (at the hotel) using a false name. 他们 (在旅馆) 用化名办理了住宿手续。◊ She booked into a hotel in the centre of Boston. 她入住了波士顿市 中心的一家宾馆。 SYN check in (at sth); check into sth OPP check out, check out of sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep book sb/yourself in (at sth), .book sb/yourself into sth (BrE to reserve a room at a hotel, etc. for sb 为…预订 (旅馆房间等)：I've booked us in at the Plaza.我在广场 大酒店为我们预订了房间。。The hotel I was booked into was awful. 我入住的那家旅馆糟糕 透顶。◊ He's booked himself into a rehabilita- tion clinic. 他预约了一家康复诊所。 [OBJ] hotel ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep book up (for sth) (especially BrE) to reserve a place, for example on a trip or a course 报名 参加 (旅行、课程等)：I booked up for the course months in advance. 我提前几个月就报名 上这门课了。 NOTE Book (for sth) can be used with the same meaning. * book (for sth) 也可作此义。 ♦ v + adv be booked up 1 if a plane, restaurant, theatre, etc. is booked up, there are no seats, tables, etc. available (飞机、餐馆、剧院等) 客满， 预订一空：All the flights are booked up. 所有航班都满员了。 NOTE Be fully booked is often used with the same meaning. * be fully booked 常作此义。2 (informal) if a person is booked up, they have no time available (人) 没有空闲：He can't see you tomorrow, he's booked up. 他明天日程排满了, 无法见你。 ♦ be + v + adv boom boom /buːm/ boom out if a sound or sb's voice booms out, it makes a loud, deep noise (声音或嗓 音)浑厚有力地发出：His voice boomed out, announcing the winners. 他用浑厚响亮的声音 宣布获胜者。 ♦ v + adv boom 'out sth to say sth in a loud deep voice 浑厚有力地说：The trainer boomed out instructions through a loud hailer. 教练通 过扩音器用浑厚有力的嗓音发出指令。◊ A voice boomed out: ' Nobody move! " 传来一个低沉的声 音：“全都不许动！” ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + adv + speech boot boot /bu:t/ boot sb out; boot sb 'out of sth (informal, especially BrE) to force sb to leave a place, job, school, club, etc. 迫使…离开 (场 所、工作、学校、俱乐部等)；解雇；开除：I'll have to boot you out soon. I want to lock up. 过会儿我就得撵你走了 —— 我想关门了。◊ The manager booted him out of the team. 主教练把 他踢出了球队。◊ He was booted out: of the house by his father. 他被父亲从家里轰了出去。 SYN kick sb out, etc. (informal); throw sb out, etc. NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep boot up; boot sth up (computing) if a computer boots up, or sb boots it up, it is turned on and becomes ready to use (使) (计算机) 启动：My machine isn't booting up properly. 我的机器不能正常启动。◊ When you boot up, a menu will appear on the screen. 启动 之后，屏幕上会显示一个菜单。◊ Boot the com- puter up and enter your password. 打开计算 机，输入你的密码。 [OBJ] computer ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n border border /ˈbɔːdə(r); AmE ˈbɔːrd-/ border on sth (also border upon sth more formal) 1 to share a border with another country or region; to be next to a place 毗 邻；邻接；与...接壤：Many states formerly bordering on the EU have now joined. 原先与 欧盟毗邻的多个国家现已加入欧盟。◊ Slovenia borders on Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia. 斯洛文尼亚与意大利、奥地利、匈牙利和克罗地 亚接壤。2 to come close to being sth 近乎； 接近：Her self-confidence borders on arrogance. 她自信得近乎傲慢。 ◊ Our task borders on the impossible. 我们的任务几乎不可能完成。SYN verge on sth ♦ v + prep bore bore /bɔː(r)/ bore into sb/sth (literary) if sb's eyes bore into sb/sth, they stare in a way that makes sb feel uncomfortable 盯住看；瞪着眼看；目不转 睛地看：His blue eyes seemed to bore into her. 他 的一双蓝眼睛似乎要看穿她。 ♦ v + prep boss boss /bɒs; AmE bɔːs/ boss sb around (also .boss sb about especially BrE) (informal to tell sb what to do in a determined or unpleasant way 对… 发号施令；对…颐指气使；对…呼来唤去：He's always bossing his wife around. 他总是对妻子 指手画脚。 SYN order sb around ♦ v + n/pron + adv botch botch /bɒtʃ; AmE bɑːtʃ/ botch sth up informal) to spoil sth by doing it badly; to do sth badly 把…弄环；把… 搞糟：Instead of fixing my computer, he's botched it up completely. 他没有修好我的计算 机，反倒把它彻底弄坏了。 SYN mess sth up NOTE Botch sth is used more frequently on its own * botch sth 单独使用更常见：botched attempts at DIY 尝试自己动手做的几次失败经历 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► botch-up (also botch) n (informal, espe- cially BrE) a piece of work that is badly done 拙劣的工作；粗制滥造的活儿；办砸了的事 bottle bottle /ˈbɒt(ə)l; AmE ˈbɑːtl/ bottle out； .bottle out of sth； .bottle out of doing sth (BrE, informal) to suddenly decide not to do sth because you are too frightened (因恐惧) 突然放弃，临阵退缩: I bottled out of phoning him at the last minute. 最后关头，我丧失了打电话给他的勇气。 SYN chicken out, etc. ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep bottle sth up to keep your feelings, especially sadness or anger, hidden and not tell other people how you are feeling 掩饰， 隐藏 (感情)： Tell someone how you're feeling, instead of bottling it all up. 找人说说你的感 受，不要一味闷在心里。 [OBJ] emotions, feelings ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bottom bottom /ˈbɒtəm; AmE ˈbɑːtəm/ bottom out if markets, prices or bad situations bottom out, they reach their lowest point and then stop getting worse (市场、价 格或恶劣局势) 达最低点，停止恶化，探底：The recession has finally bottomed out. 经济萧条局 面终于开始好转。 ♦ v + adv bounce bounce /baʊns/ bounce a round (AmEt informal) to live or work in many different places without developing a routine 居无定所； 无固定工作: He bounced around for a few years, living in friends' basements. 他很多年居无定所、常住在 朋友家的地下室里。 ♦ v + adv bounce sth a round (informal, especially AmE) to discuss sth with other people (与 人) 探讨，商议：we're bouncing some new ideas around. 我们正在讨论一些新想法。 [OBJ] ideas ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bounce back (from sth) (AmE） also .snap back (into sth)) (informal) to recover well after you have been ill/sick or had a difficult time 恢复健康；重整旗鼓：No matter what happens, she always bounces back very quickly. 无论发生什么事，她总能很快振作起来。 SYN recover (from sth) (more formal) ♦ v + adv bounce back； .bounce sth back if an email bounces back, or the system bounces it back, it returns to the person who sent it because the system cannot deliver it (电子邮 件) 退回； 将 (电子邮件) 退回 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bounce sb into sth; bounce sb into doing sth (especially BrE) to make or force sb to do sth quickly without giving them time to think about it 催迫 (某人) 做 (某事)： I felt I'd been bounced into supporting a proposal I didn't really agree with. 我感到在催促之下我才 支持了一项自己其实并不真正赞同的提案。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep bounce sth off sb (informal to tell sb else your ideas to find out what they think about them 向 (某人) 试探性地透露 (想法)： We were able to share problems and bounce ideas off each other, 我们共同探讨了问题并相互 交流了想法。 [OBJ] ideas ♦ v + n/pron + prep bow bow /baʊ/ bow down 1 (to/before sb/sth) to move your head or the top part of your body forwards or downwards as a sign of respect 点 头，欠身 (以示敬意)；鞠躬： He refused to bow down before the king. 他拒绝向国王鞠躬。2 (to sb/sth) to do what sb tells you to do without trying to resist 听命于人；听任摆布：We refuse to just bow down and let the government do whatever it wants. 我们拒绝任人摆布，让政府 为所欲为。 ♦ v + adv bow out; ,bow out of sth to stop doing an activity or a job that you have been doing successfully, often for a long time 退出，告别 （成功的事业等）：After thirty years in politics, he feels it is time to bow out. 由于已从政三十 年，他觉得是引退的时候了。◊ Smith will bow out of professional football at the end of the season. 本赛季末史密斯将告别职业足球。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep bow to sth to agree unwillingly to do sth or to accept sth that sb else wants you to 勉 强同意做（或接受）；屈从于：The government eventually bowed to public pressure. 政府最终 向公众压力低头了。 [OBJ] pressure, the inevitable erm give in （to sb/sth） ♦ v + prep bowl bowl /bəʊl; AmE boʊl/ bowl sb out （in cricket 板球）to make the person who is hitting the ball （the batsman） or his/her team have to leave the field by throwing a ball that hits the three sticks behind the batsman （the wicket）（击中三柱 门）迫使（击球员或其球队）出局：He bowled Fleming out with the first ball. 他第一球就把弗 莱明杀出了局。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bowl sb over 1 to run into sb and knock them down 撞倒；撞翻：The explosion bowled us all over. 爆炸把我们全都震倒在地。SYN knock sb down; knock sb over 2 to surprise or impress sb a lot; to affect sb deeply 使大吃 一惊；使印象深刻；深深影响：We were bowled over by the news. 这条消息让我们目瞪口呆。 ◊ Philip bowled us all over by deciding to go into advertising. 菲利普决定投身广告业、 我们对此 都大为吃惊。 SYN blow sb away （informal）； knock sb out ( informal ） NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n box box /bɒks; AmE bɑːks/ box sb in to prevent sb from doing what they want, especially by creating rules or other difficulties （尤指设置条条框框或其他障 碍）束缚...的手脚, 阻碍：The President was unable to act because the Democrats were boxing him in. 总统受到民主党人的掣肘， 无法 采取行动。◊ She was boxed in by rules and regulations. 她被规章制度束缚了手脚。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv box sb/sth in to prevent a person or a vehicle from moving by surrounding them/it with other people or vehicles 围困；封堵： You can't park here― you're boxing that car in. 这里不能停车 —— 你挡了那辆车的路！ ◊ he couldn't overtake the leader because he was boxed in by the other runners. 他无法超越领跑 者，因为其他运动员把他的路堵住了。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n box out box sb out （AmE）（in basketball 篮球）to put yourself between the basket and an opposing player in order to catch a ball which has hit the basket but not gone in 卡 位；挡住...抢篮板球：If we don't start boxing out, we'll lose every game! 如果我们不开始挡 人抢篮板球，我们会输掉每场比赛！ ◊ We tried to box him out every time he went up for a shot. 每当他跳起投篮. 我们都全力挡人抢他的篮 板球。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► boxout n (AmE）: She wasn't shooting well, and she was missing boxouts. 她投篮不准，并 且疏于拦截对手抢篮板球。 box sb 'out （of sth） （AmE） to force sb into a situation in which they can no longer take pan in an activity, business, etc. 使不能参加 （活动、业务等）：The Senator accused them of trying to box him out of Che Republican convention. 那名参议员指责他们试图将他排除 在共和党大会之外。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv • v + adv + n box sth up to put sth in a box or boxes 把... 装箱; 把...装盒：She boxed up all the old baby clothes to send to her niece. 她把所有的旧婴儿 服都装箱寄给侄女。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n branch branch /brɑːntʃ; AmE bræntʃ/ branch 'off 1 if a road or path branches off, it leaves a larger one and goes in a different direction （道路）分岔，岔开： She followed the path until it branched off. 她沿着小路一直走到 岔道口。◊ Over the bridge a road branches off to the right. 过了桥有一条往右去的岔道。2 if a person branches off, they leave a road or path and travel in a different direction （人） 改道，变道：Go past the farm and branch off towards the trees. 过了农场后就转道朝树林走。 ♦ v + adv branch out （into sth） to begin to do a new job or an activity that you do not usually do 涉足新领域；开拓新业务：The company is branching out into Europe. 公司正在拓展欧洲 业务。◊ She's leaving the company to branch out on her own. 她要离开公司独自创业。 ♦ v + adv brazen brazen /ˈbreɪzn/ brazen out sth； brazen it out to behave in a confident way as if you are not ashamed or embarrassed about sth you have done, even though you should be 厚颜无 耻地硬撑下去；厚着脸皮蒙混过去：The senator brazened it out as the list of scandals grew. 丑 闻接二连三曝光，那位参议员依然恬不知耻，若 无其事。 NOTE When the object of brazen out is a noun, it comes after out, but when the object is the pronoun it, it comes between brazen and out. * brazen out 的宾语如果是名词, 应置于 out 之后；但如果是代词 it, 应置于 brazen 和 out 之间。 ♦ v + it + adv ♦ v + adv + n break break /breɪk/ (broke /brəʊk; AmE broʊk/, broken /'brəʊkən; AmE ˈbroʊkən/) break away 1 (from sth) if an object breaks away from sth that is holding it in place, it becomes separated from it 脱离；脱开：The boat had broken away from its moorings. 船起 锚了。2 (from sb) to escape suddenly from sb who is holding you or keeping you prisoner 脱 逃；挣脱：The prisoner broke away from the guards. 犯人挣脱了 看守。3 (from sb/sth) to leave a group or an organization, such as a political party or a state, because of a disagreement, usually in order to form a new one 脱离，退出 (集团或组织，通常指另立门 户)：Several MPs broke away to form a new party. 几名下院议员分离出去， 组建了一个新的 政党。◊ Two states broke away from the feder- ation. 两个州脱离了联邦。4 (from sb/sth) to move away from a group of people or a crowd (从一组人、 人群中) 离开，脱开： She man- aged to break away from the pack (= in a race) and establish a lead. 她总算甩开了其他赛跑选 手，确立了领先优势。◊ He broke away from the group and came over to talk to us. 他离开那 帮人，过来和我们说话。5 (from sb/sth) to reject a tradition or the usual way of doing things and do sth new and different 抛弃 (习 惯)；破除 (传统)；破旧立新：The company is trying to break away from its traditional image. 公司正试图摆脱其传统形象。 ♦ v + adv ► breakaway adj [only before noun] a breakaway group, political party or part of a country is one that leaves a larger group ( 从 集团、政党或国家中 ) 分离出来的：a breakaway faction/movement/republic 分离出来的派系 / 独 立运动 / 独立出来的共和国 breakaway n [sing.] an act of separating from a larger group/state, etc. 脱离； 分裂 break 'down 1 if a vehicle, etc. breaks down, it stops working because of a fault ( 车 辆等 ) 出故障，出毛病：The washing machine has broken down again. 洗衣机又坏了。◊ We (= our car) broke down twice on the way home. 在回家的路上我们的车抛锚了两次。2 if talks, a marriage, etc. break down, they fail ( 谈判、婚姻等 ) 失败，破裂： Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方 的谈判破裂了。◊ Their marriage broke down after three years. 结婚三年后，他们分手了。3 to lose control of your feelings and start crying 情不自禁地哭起来：As she drove away, I just broke down and wept. 她开车远去时，我不 禁失声痛哭。4 if your health breaks down, it becomes very bad （健康）恶化，崩溃：Her health broke down as a result of the strain. 她因过度劳累，身体垮了。 5 （into sth） to be divided into parts so that it is easier to discuss, to analyse or to deal with 分成（若干 部分）： My weekly budget breaks down as follows: 50% for rent, 20% for food, 10% for travel, and 20% for everything else. 我每周的预 算分项列明如下：租金 50%, 食物 20%, 交通 10%, 其他 20% 。 ◊ The job breaks down into seven parts. 这项工作分为七部分。 -> see also BREAK STH DOWN 3 6 （into sth） if a substance breaks down, it separates into different parts or changes into sth else in a chemical process （化学变化中物质）分解, 转化：some pesticides break down safely in water. 有些杀虫剂可在水 中安全分解。-> see also BREAK STH DOWN 4 ♦ v + adv ► breakdown n 1 [C] an occasion when a vehicle or a machine stops working （车辆或 机器的）故障，损坏：We had a breakdown on the way home. 在回家的路上我们的车抛锚了。 ◊ a breakdown truck 抢修车；救险车 2 [C, U] a failure of talks, a marriage, law and order, etc. （谈判、婚姻的）失败，终止；（治安的）瘫痪: a breakdown in communication 通讯中断。◊ They were both responsible for the breakdown of their marriage. 对婚姻的破裂他们双方均有责 任。 3 [C] a period of mental illness when sb becomes tired, depressed and unable to lead a normal life 神经衰弱；精神崩溃：He had a nervous breakdown last year. 他去年患了神经 衰弱。4 [C, usually sing.] detailed informa- tion or figures that are the results of dividing sth into its parts to explain it more clearly 细 目；细分：Get me a breakdown of how the money was spent. 给我一份这笔钱的支出分类细 账。5 [U] the act of dividing a substance into its parts in a chemical process （化学变化中 的）分解 ► broken-down adj [only before noun] 1 （of a vehicle or a machine 车辆或机器）not working 出故障的；环了的：a broken-down car 抛锚的汽车 2 in a poor condition 状况差的； 破败的：a broken-down wall 剥落的墙壁 break sth down 1 to make sth fall down or open by hitting it hard 打倒：砸破：They had to get the police to break the door down. 他们不 得不请警豪来撞开门。[OBJ] door SYN knock sth down 2 to destroy or remove sth, especially a problem or an attitude or opinion that sb has 破除，消解（问题、态度或看法）：Our aim is to break down barriers that exist between teachers and parents. 我们的目标是消除教师和家长之间 的隔阂。[OBJ] barriers 3 （into sth） to separate sth into smaller pans in order to analyse it or deal with it more easily 对...进行分关；细分： I've broken down the costs by country. 我把费用 按国别进行了划分。◊ The company was broken down into smaller units. 公司拆分成了较小的单 位。◊ The question can be broken down into two parts. 这个问题可以分为两部分。 -> see also BREAK DOWN 5 4 （into sth） to make a substance separate into its parts or change in a chemical process 使分解； 使转化: Enzymes in the mouth and stomach break the food down. 口腔和胃里的酶将食物分解，-> see also BREAK DOWN 6 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n SYNONYMS同义词辨析 break down break down ♦ crash ♦ go down ♦ go wrong These are all verbs that can be used when a machine stops working because of a fault. 这 些动词都表示机器出故障、出毛病、失灵。 break down (of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault (机器或交通工 具) 出故障，出毛病：The washing machine has broken down again. 洗衣机又环了。◊ We (= our car) broke down on the motorway. 我 们在高速公路上抛锚了。NOTE Break can be used on its own, but is not used to talk about vehicles * break 可单独使用，但不用 于指交通工具：My watch has broken. 我的手 表环了。 ► breakdown n : a breakdown on the motorway 在高速公路上抛锚 crash (of a computer or computer system) to stop working suddenly (计算机或计算机系 统) 突然崩溃，死机: Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes. 如果系统突然崩溃， 文件可能会丢失。 go down (of a computer system) to stop working temporarily (计算机系统) 暂停工 作，暂停运行：The system is going down in ten minutes. 十分钟后系统将暂停运行。 go wrong to stop working correctly 出毛病； 出故障：The new television set will contain fewer components to go wrong. 新电视机的元 件中会出故障的将更少。 WHICH WORD? Machines, devices and parts inside machines and vehicles can go wrong; whole vehicles cannot. If sth goes wrong, it may not stop working completely, as it does if it breaks or breaks down. When computers or computer systems crash, this is always sudden and unexpected; when a system goes down, it may have been turned off deliberately while work is carried out on it * go wrong 用于指机器、装 置以及机器和车辆的零件出故障，而不用于指整 辆车。go wrong 并不表示完全停止工作；break 和 break down 则有此义。crash 通常指计算机或 计算机系统突然、意外地停止运行；go down 可 能指在系统工作时有意关闭系统。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ the TV/the DVD player/my watch has broken/gone wrong ■ the washing machine has broken down/gone wrong ■ my car has broken down ■ my computer has gone wrong/crashed ■ the computer system has crashed/gone down break in 1 to enter a building illegally or by force 非法闯入；强行进入：Somebody broke in last night and stole the PC and video. 昨天 夜里有人闯进屋里，偷走了电脑和录像机。◊ The firefighters had to break in to rescue them. 消防队员不得不破门而入营救他们。 -> see also BREAK INTO STH 1 2（on sth） to interrupt sb when they are speaking or doing sth 打断； 打 搅：He apologized for breaking in on their conversation. 他为打断了他们的谈话而道歉。◊ Mary broke in: ' It's not her fault! 玛丽插嘴说： “ 这不是她的错！” ♦ 1 v + adv ♦ 2 v + adv ♦ v + adv + speech ► break-in n an entry into a building using force, usually illegally 非法闯入；强行进入: There has been a series of break-ins in the area. 这个地区接二连三发生了数起破门入户案件。 break sb/sth in to train a person so chat they get used to a new job or situation; to train a horse so that you can ride it it （新来 者）适应新工作（或新环境）；训练（马匹）： We try to break newcomers in gently. 我们努力 让新手逐渐适应环境。◊ The horses hadn't been, broken in, 那些马还没经过训练。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n break sth in 1 if you break in new shoes or boots, you wear them until they become comfortable 把（新鞋）逐渐穿得合脚：It took me weeks to break in these new boots. 我穿了几 个星期后，这双新靴子才渐渐合脚。[OBJ] boots, shoes SYN wear sth in 2 （AmE （in the past） to prepare the engine of a new car for normal use by driving it slowly and carefully （旧时） 磨合，试用（新车）[OBJ] car SYN run sth in （BrE） ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv break into sth 1 to enter a building, open a car, etc. illegally and by force 非法强行闯入 （建筑）; 撬开（汽车）：A thief can break into a car in under ten seconds. 窃贼十秒钟之内就能 把车撬开。 ◊ Three houses in our street have been broken into this week. 我们这条街本星 期有三户人家被盗。 [OBJ] house, car 2 to suddenly begin to do sth such as laugh, shout, run, etc. 突然开始（大笑、欢呼、奔跑等）：He broke into a run when he saw the police. 他看 见了警察，撒腿就跑。◊ Her face broke into a huge smile. 她立刻笑容满面。◊ The audience broke into applause. 观众爆发出热烈的掌声。 [OBJ] a smile/grin, a run/trot, song, laughter 3 （BrE） to use a note/bill of high value to buy sth costing less 找开，兑开（大面值钞票以支合 小额费用）：I didn't want to break into a twenty-pound note. 我并不想破开一张20英镑 的钞票。4 to interrupt sb's thoughts 干扰，扰 乱（思路）：Her mother's voice broke into her thoughts. 她母亲的说话声打断了她的思绪。[OBJ] thoughts SYN disturb sth 5 to start to get involved in an activity and be successful at it, especially when this is difficult 成功参与； 顺利打入：The company is having difficulty breaking into new markets. 公司在打入新市场 时遇到了困难。◊ She is trying to break into journalism. 她正努力跻身新闻界。 [OBJ] market 6 to open and use sth that you have been saving for an emergency or a special occasion 启用 (应急备用品)：I had to break into my savings to pay for the trip. 我不得不动用积蓄来 支付旅行费用。 ♦ v+ prep break off； break sth off 1 (also .break sth 'off sth) to separate sth from sth else, using force; to become separated from sth in this way (用力) 把...折断； 断开：The leg of the table just broke off. 桌子腿断掉了。◊ A comer of her tooth had broken off. 她的一颗牙 掉了一个角。◊ He broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 他掰下一块方克力给我。2 to stop speaking or stop doing sth suddenly before you have finished (突然) 停顿，暂停： He broke off abruptly in the middle of a sentence . 他一句话刚说了半截忽然停住不说了。 ◊ We had to break off our holiday and return home immediately. 我们不得不中止休假立刻回 家。◊ They broke off their conversation as I approached. 我一走近，他们就中断了交谈。 ♦ 1 v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep ♦ 2 v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) break sth off to end sth such as a relation- ship 结束，终止 (关系等)： They've broken off their engagement. 他们解除了婚约。◊ Britain threatened to break off diplomatic relations. 英 国威胁要断绝外交关系。◊ They were having an affair but she broke it off. 他们原本有私情， 但是她甩了他。[OBJ] diplomatic relations, engagement, talks/negotiations, affair SHI terminate (formal) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) break out 1 if sth unpleasant such as a fire, a war, etc. breaks out, it starts suddenly (火 灾、战争等) 突然发生，爆发： They would have got married in 1939 if war had not broken out. 要不是爆发战争，他们在1939年就结婚了 ◊ a fire broke out on a ferry yesterday. 昨天一艘渡 轮突然失火。[SUBJ] war, fire, fighting, row, violence 2 (also .break out of sth) to escape from a place or from a situation 逃离；脱身： Two terrorists have broken out of Blackwall Prison. 两名恐怖分子从布莱克沃尔监狱脱逃。◊ She longed to break out of the daily routine. 她 渴望摆脱单调无趣的日常生活。3 if sth breaks out on your skin, your skin becomes covered in sth (皮肤) 布满：Sweat broke out all over his body. 他浑身冒汗。◊ (AmE) I keep breaking out (= I keep getting lots of spots). 我脸上老 是长粉剌。 ♦ v + adv 2'also v + adv + prep ► breakout n 1 an escape from prison 越狱 2 (especially AmE) an occasion when you get spots on the face, etc. 长粉剌：I'm prone to breakouts on my forehead. 我额头容易长粉刺。 ► outbreak n the stan of sth or the sudden appearance of sth unpleasant or violent 突然 发生；突发：the outbreak of war 战争的爆发 ◊ an outbreak of food poisoning 食物中毒事件 ◊ outbreaks of rain 骤雨 break sth out 1 to get sth ready to be used, eaten, drunk, etc. 预备好, 备妥 (用品、食 物、饮料等)：That's wonderful news! Let's break out the champagne! 真是个大好消息！咱 们把香槟酒拿出来庆祝吧！ [OBJ] champagne 2 (by sth) (AmE) to separate information into categories in order to study it more closely 把 (信息) 分门别类；对...条分缕析：The survey does not break data out by race. 这一调查并没 有将数据按不同种族进行归类。◊ It is useful to break out results by state. 把结果按州分类大有 益处。[OBJ] data ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv SYNONYMS同义词辨析 break (sth) off break (sth) off ♦ chip (sth) off ♦ snap (sth) off These verbs all refer to a piece of sth becoming separated from the rest as a result of force or damage. 这些动词都表示折断、断开。 break (sth) off to become separated from sth as a result of force; to separate a piece of sth in this way 折断；断开：The back section of the plane had broken off. 飞机尾部已经折断。 ◊ She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it tome. 她掰下一块巧克力给了我。 chip (sth) off to damage sth by breaking a small piece off it; to become damaged in this way 碰下 (碎片等)；剥落: The plaster had chipped off and no repairs had been done. 灰泥已出现剥落，却没人修缮过。 snap (sth) off to break off suddenly with a sharp noise; to break sth off in this way 啪的 一声突然折断：the branch she was standing on must have snapped off. 她站在上面的那根树 枝肯定是咔嚓一下折断了。◊ He snapped a twig off a bush. 他啪的一声从灌木上折下 细枝。 WHICH WORD? Chip off is used for materials like glass, paint or bone; snap off is used for objects which tend to break easily under pressure. Break off is the most general of these verbs. * chip off 用于指 玻璃、油漆、骨头等材料；snap off 用于指受力 易折断的物体。这些动词中，break off 含义最 宽泛。 ► breakout n the separation of information into categories in order to study it more closely （信息的）分类，归类：Breakouts were organized, into ten regions. 信息按十个地区 分类。 break out in/into sth to suddenly become covered in sth such as sweat 突然布满（汗水 等）：He broke out in a cold sweat at the thought: of the trial. 一想到审判，他冒出一身冷 汗。 ◊ My skin has broken out in an itchy rash. 我的皮肤上突然起了一片令人发痒的皮疹。 [OBJ] sweat, rash ♦ v + adv + prep break through （especially AmE） to achieve your first important success in sth; to make an important or new discovery 获得 初次重要成功；取得重大新发现；突破：Scarlett Johansson broke through as a star with 'Lost in Translation1. 斯嘉丽. 约翰逊因影片《迷失东 京》而崭露头角，成为一颗新星。◊ Scientists believe they have broken through in their fight against the disease. 科学家认为他们在防治这一 疾病方面已经取得突破。 NOTE The phrase to make a breakthrough is used more often than to break through * to make a breakthrough 比 to break through 更常用： Scientists have made a major breakthrough in their fight against AIDS. 科学家在防治艾滋病方 面已获重大突破。 ♦ v + adv ► breakthrough n an important discovery or development; sb's first important success in sth 重大发现（或进展）；初次重要成功；突破: an important breakthrough in the negotiations 谈判中的重大突破 。◊ Jo was only 19 when he got his breakthrough as a DJ. 乔作为流行音乐节目 主持人崭露头角之时年仅19岁。 break through; break through sth 1 to make a way through a barrier using force 冲破, 突破（障碍）：He ran towards the barrier in an attempt to break through. 他向路 障冲去，想硬闯过去。◊ Demonstrators tried to break through the police cordon. 示威人群试图 冲破警方的警戒线。[OBJ] barrier 2 （of the sun or moon 太阳或月亮）to appear from behind sth 从...后面露出：The sun finally broke through in the afternoon.下午阳光终于破云而出。◊ It stopped raining and the sun broke through the clouds. 雨停了，太阳从云层后钻了出来。 -> see also BREAK THROUGH STH ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep break through sth 1 to become greater in size or quantity than a particular level 超过， 超越 （某一水平）：Unemployment figures have broken through the three million barrier. 失 业人数突破了三百万大关。 2 to succeed in dealing with a problem, such as an attitude that sb has突破（僵局）；解决（问题等）：1 tried hard to break through his silent mood. 我 努力尝试打破他的沉默。◊ Women are starting to break through the barriers that keep them out of top management. 女性开始冲破阻碍，走 上顶级管理岗位。 SYN overcome sth （more formal） -> see also BREAK THROUGH, BREAK THROUGH STH ♦ v + prep break up 1 （especially BrE） if a school or the children in it break up, school closes for the holidays at the end of a period of the school year （a term）（学校或学生）期末放假：We break up for Christmas next week. 我们下个星 期放假过圣诞节。◊ Have the schools broken up yet? 学校放假了吗？ 2 （of a relationship, a band, etc. 关系、乐队等）to come to an end; to stop working together 结束；解散：Their marriage broke up after ten years, 他们的婚姻 在十年后破裂了。◊ There are rumours that the band is breaking up. 据传那支乐队要散伙了。 marriage 3 （usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时）if the connection between two telephones, or two radios that are used for sending and receiving messages, is breaking up, the people speaking can no longer hear each other clearly （通话声音或无 线信号）变弱，变模糊： The signal was breaking up. 信号变得模糊了。 ◊ I’m sorry—what did you say? You're breaking up. 对不起---你刚才说 了些什么？声音听不清。 ► break-up n [C, U] the ending of a marriage or a relationship （细姻或关系的）破裂，结束: He moved away after the break-up of his marriage. 他离异之后就搬走了。◊ marriage break-up 婚姻破裂 ♦ v + adv break up （with sb）, break sb up to end a relationship with sb （与…）解除关系； （使）断绝关系：Rob and I broke up last week. 上个星期我和罗布吹了。◊ She's just broken up with her boyfriend. 她刚和男朋友分手。 ◊ I can't believe my best friend is really trying to break us up! 我简直不能相信我最好的朋友正在想方设 法拆散我们！ SYN split up （with/from sb）, split sb up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n break up; .break sb/sth up 1 （into sth） if a group of people or a family breaks up, or sb breaks it up, the members separate and do not stay together （使）（集团或家庭）分解， 分裂：The conference broke up into discussion groups. 会议进行分组讨论。◊ She had never intended to break up his family. 她从未想过要 拆散他的家庭。 ◊ The Soviet Union began to break up in 1991. 苏联于1991年开始解体。 SYN split up （into sth）, split sb/sth up （into sth） 2 if a group of people who are gathered together break up, or sb breaks them up, they go away in different directions （使） （聚集的人）散开，解散：The meeting broke up after two hours. 会议开了两个小时后散会了。◊ Police broke up the demonstration. 警察驱散了 示威人群。◊ I don't want to break up the party （= I don't want to make everyone else leave）, but I have to go. 我不想搅散聚会，可我得走了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （less frequent） SYNONYMS同义词辨析 break (sth) up break (sth) ♦ shatter (sth) ♦ smash sth up ♦ splinter (sth) These verbs all refer to sth breaking into lots of small pieces. 这些动词都表示分裂、碎裂、 破裂。 break (sth) up to separate, or make sth separate, into smaller pieces, either carefully or violently (使) 分裂，破裂: Break up the chocolate and place it in a bowl. 把巧克力掰 成小块，放在碗里。◊ The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞散了架。 shatter (sth) to suddenly break into small pieces; to make sth do this 碎裂；打碎：The explosion shattered all the windows in the building. 爆炸震碎了大楼里的所有窗户。 smash sth up to destroy sth deliberately (蓄 意) 毁坏，摧毁，捣毁： Youths had broken in and smashed the place up. 一群年轻人闯了进 来，把这个地方砸得一片狼藉。NOTE Smash can be used on its own, but is not used to talk about buildings, etc. * smash 可单独使 用，但不用于指建筑物等: She flew into one of her rages and started smashing crockery. 她又 一次大发雷霆，开始摔碗砸盆。 splinter (sth) (of wood, glass, stone or bone) to break into long, thin, sharp pieces; to make sth break in this way (使) (木头、 玻璃、石块或骨头) 裂成碎片: The mirror cracked but did not splinter. 这面镜子开裂 了，但是没碎。 WHICH WORD? People smash things deliberately; things shatter or get shattered as a result of explosions, flying bullets, stones, etc. * smash 是指蓄意弄碎; shatter 则是指因爆炸震碎或因射出的子弹、投 掷的石块等击中而碎裂：The thief smashed a window to get into her car. 窃贼砸碎了车窗，钻 进了她的车子。◊ Windows were shattered in the blast爆炸把窗户震碎了。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ the glass/mirror smashed/shattered/splintered ■ to smash/shatter a glass/mirror/window/windscreen ■ his smashed/shattered/splintered bones/skull/wrist ■ to smash/smash sth up/shatter/break (sth) up into small/a thousand pieces ► break-up n [C, U] the division of a company, a country, an organization or a group of people into smaller parts (公司、国 家、组织或群体的) 解体，瓦解: the breakup of the Soviet Union 苏联的解体 ◊ family break-up 家庭分裂 break up (into sth), break sth up (into sth) if sth breaks up, or sb/sth breaks it up, it becomes separated into smaller pieces ( 把整 体) 拆开，拆散：The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞散了架。◊ Break the chocolate up into small pieces. 把巧克力掰成小块。◊ Sentences can be broken up into clauses. 句子可 以分解成子句。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n break sb up (old-fashioned, AmE) to make sb laugh a lot 使纵声大笑： Watching my grandson blow bubbles just broke me up. 看着 孙子吹泡泡，让我乐不可支。 SYN crack sb up (informal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n break sth up to make sth that is rather boring, such as a period of time or a pattern, more interesting by adding sth different to it 给 (乏味的事物) 增添趣味； 调剂 (生活等) ： I break up my day by going for a walk in the afternoon. 我下午会散散步，调节一天的生活。◊ Drawings were used to break up the page. 插图 使页面生动不少。 [OBJ] day, monotony ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) break with sb/sth (formal) to end your connection or relationship with sb/sth because you no longer agree with them (因 分歧) 与…绝交，与…决裂：Nick broke with his father to set up his own firm. 尼克与父亲分道扬 镳，创办了自己的公司。 ♦ v + prep break with sth (formaP) to reject sth such as a tradition or the past and decide to do sth different 摒弃，破除 (传统、 成例等)；破旧立 新：The prince broke with tradition by going to study abroad. 王子打破了传统，去国外读书了。 ◊ The new directors are eager to break with the past. 新一届董事急于与过去决裂。 [OBJ] tradition, the past ♦ v + prep breathe breathe /briːð/ breathe 'in to take air into your lungs through your nose or mouth 吸气：Breathe in through your nose as you stretch up. 伸展手 臂，用鼻子吸气。 ◊ He breathed in deeply and then spoke. 他深吸了一口气，开始讲话。 SYN inhale (more formal) OPP breathe out ♦ v + adv breathe sth in to take air, smoke, a smell, etc. in through your nose or mouth 吸入 (气 体、烟雾、气味等)：We walked along the beach, breathing in the sea air. 我们沿着海滩漫 步，呼吸着海边的空气。 [OBJ] air, smoke SYN inhale sth (more formal) OPP breathe sth out ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv breathe sth into sth to fill sth with life, energy or enthusiasm 为…注入 (生机、活力或 热情) ：She has breathed fresh life into the movie industry. 她给电影业注入了新的活力。 [OBJ] life ♦ v + n/pron + prep breathe out to send air out of your lungs through your nose or mouth 呼气：Breathe out slowly through your mouth as you stand up. 站 起来时，用嘴巴缓缓呼气。 SYN exhale (more formal) OPP breathe in ♦ v + adv breathe sth out to send air, smoke, etc. out through your nose or mouth 呼出 (气体、 烟雾等)：Breathe the air out slowly and stead- ily 平稳地徐徐呼气。 [OBJ] air, smoke SYN exhale sth (more formal) OPP breathe sth in ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv breeze breeze /briːz/ breeze in; breeze into sth (informal) to arrive somewhere or enter a place in a relaxed, cheerful and confident way 轻盈而自 信地走入；信步走入；飘然而至： She breezed in and greeted everyone with a smile. 她一阵风似 的飘进来， 向大家微笑致意。◊ He breezed into the office and announced he was leaving. 他潇 洒地走进办公室，宣布他要走了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep breeze 'through sth (informal) to succeed in doing sth very easily 轻易通过；轻松完成: She breezed through the first exam. 她毫不费力 地通过了第一次考试。 ♦ v + prep brew brew /bruː/ brew up; brew sth up (BrE, informal) to prepare a hot drink of tea or coffee 沏 (茶)； 煮 (咖啡) ：Come into the kitchen while I brew up. 我在煮咖啡，你就到厨房来吧。 ◊ I’ll brew up a fresh pot of tea when they arrive. 等他们来了，我就泡壶新茶。 [OBJ] tea ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) ► brew-up n (BrE, informal) an act of making a drink of tea; the drink that you make 沏茶； 沏好的茶；调制好的饮品 brick brick /brɪk]/ brick sth in/ up to fill in or block an opening with bricks 用砖填补 (洞) ；用砖堵 住 (洞)： The fireplace had been bricked in some years before. 壁炉几年前用砖封上了。 ◊ Somebody had bricked up all the doors and windows. 有人用砖封堵了所有的门窗。 window, fireplace, door NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv brief brief /briːf/ brief against sb to give information about sb, especially a politician, that is intended to damage their reputation 提供有损 (某政客) 名誉的信息：The minister accused her office of briefing against her. 部长指责部下泄露旨在诋 毁她名誉的信息。 ♦ v + prep brighten brighten /ˈbraɪtn/ brighten up 1 if the weather brightens up, it becomes clearer and brighter (天气) 好 转，放晴：After a dull start, it should brighten up later. 刚开始是阴天，过会儿就会晴朗起来 的。SYN clear up 2 if a person brightens up, they become happier and more cheerful 快活 起家； 开心起来：He brightened up when they said he could go with them. 他们说他可以同 去，他就兴高采烈起来了。 SYN cheer up -> note at CHEER UP ♦ v + adv brighten sth up to make sth more inter- esting, exciting or attractive 使更有趣；使更活 跃；增添...的吸引力：I've brought some flowers to brighten the place up a bit. 我带了一些花 儿，把这里装点一下。◊ Brighten up your bed- room with a few posters. 挂几张海报，让你的寝 室亮丽起来。 [OBJ] place, room cm cheer sth up ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n brim brim /brɪm/ (-mm-) brim over (with sth) (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时)if a cup or a container is brimming over with a liquid, it is so full that the liquid flows over the edge (容 器等) 满溢，漫出：He filled my glass so full it was brimming over! 他把我的杯子斟得太满了! 都溢出来了！ ◊ Her eyes were brimming over with tears. 她热泪盈眶。 SYN overflow (with sth) (more formal) ♦ v + adv brim over with sth (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时)if sb is brimming over with sth, they show a lot of a particular quality 彰显，充芬表现出 (某一特 质) : She's brimming over with confidence and enthusiasm. 她显得信心十足，热情洋溢。 [OBJ] confidence, excitement ♦ v + adv + prep bring bring/brɪŋ/ (brought, brought /brɔːt/) bring sth about to make sth happen 导 致：引起：What has brought about this change? 这一变化是如何造成的？◊ His nervous break- down was brought about by stress. 他神经崩溃 是压力所致。 [OBJ] change, the end/collapse of sth SYN bring ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sb a long （AmE） t bring sb on bring sb/sth a long to bring sb/sth some- where with you 带上…（去某处）；把…带来: Can I bring my sister along to the party? 我能 带妹妹来参加聚会吗？◊ She brought some CDs along. 她带了些CD来。 ♦ v+ n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sb a round, etc. （AmE） -> BRING SB ROUND, ETC. bring sb back （to sth） 1 to return sb to a place; to take sb home 把…送回（某处）； 送…回家：I’ll bring you back again after the party. 聚会结束后我再把你送回来。 ◊ She tried to bring him back （= to make him return） to the matter in hand. 她试图让他回过头来处理 手头上的事情。◊ Putting the driver of the car in prison won't bring my sister back （= return her to life）. 把汽车司机关进监狱也不会让我姐 姐复活。2 to put sb back in their old job or position 恢复…的工作（或职位）; 使复原: United have brought back their old manager. 联 队重新起用从前的主教练。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sth back 1 （to sth） to return sth to the place it came from 把…送回；归还：If the dress doesn't fit, bring it back to the shop and we'll change it for you. 衣服如不合身，可拿回 店里换一件。 2 to make you remember sth or think about it again 回忆起；使记起：Talking about: his death brought it all back to me. 说起 他的死，就让我想起过去的一切。◊ The photos brought back happy memories. 这些照片唤起 了美好的回忆。 [OBJ] memories 3 to make sth that existed or was done before be used or done again 重新启用；重新引入；恢复：Are you in favour of bringing back the death penalty? 你赞成恢复死刑吗？ SYN restore sth; reintroduce sth （more formal） 4 to return with sth for sb 给...带回：What shall I bring back for the children from Paris? 我从巴黎给孩子们带些 什么好呢？ In informal language bring sb back sth and, less often, bring sb sth back are also used 非正式语言中也说 bring sb back sth 和 bring sb sth back. 后者不太常用：I brought the kids back some books. 我给孩子们 带回来几本书。◊ Can you bring me something back? 替我带点东西回来好吗？ ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v 十 n/pron + adv SYNONYMS同义词辨析 bring sth down bring sth down ♦ decrease sth ♦ lower sth ♦ minimize sth ♦ reduce sth These verbs all mean to make sth smaller or less in size, amount or degree. 这些动词都表 示减小、减少、降低。See also go down, cut sth back. bring sth down to reduce the price, number or level of sth 降低（价格、水平）；缩减 （数目）：We aim to bring down prices on all our computers. 我们计划将我们所有的计算机 削价出售。◊ The economic recovery will bring down unemployment 经济复苏将降低失 业率。 decrease sth （formal） to reduce the amount or level of sth 减少（数量）; 降低（水平）: People should decrease the amount of fat they eat. 人们应减少脂肪的摄入量。 lower sth to reduce the level of sth 减低；降 低：The company may be forced to lower prices in order to stay competitive. 公司可能被迫降 价以保持竞争力。 minimize sth （BrE also minimise） to reduce sth, especially sth bad, to the lowest possible level 把…减少到最低程度， 将…压缩到最低 限度 （尤指坏事）：Good hygiene helps to minimize the risk of infection. 良好的卫生习惯 有助于将感染的风险降到最低。◊ They worked at night in order to minimize the disruption. 他 们夜间工作，以便将对周边的干扰降到最低 限度。 reduce sth to make sth less or smaller in size, amount, number or level 缩小,减少（规 模、数量、数目）；降低（水平）：the number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 员工人数从40人裁减到25人。◊ Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease. 戒 烟能降低患心脏病的风险。 WHICH WORD? Decrease is more formal and less frequent than increase; it is used especially in the contexts of health and medicine. The more usual opposite of increase is reduce. Lower is used especially in the contexts of health and finance * decrease比increase 更正式，较不常用，尤用 于医疗保健的语境。 increase 更常用的反义词是 reduce。 lower 尤用于卫生保健和金融语境：to lower blood pressure/cholesterol levels 降低血压 /胆固醇含量. Reduce can also be used in these cases. * reduce 也可用于上述语境。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to reduce sth/lower sth/bring sth down from ... /to ... /by ... ■ to reduce/lower/minimize/decrease/bring down the number/amount/level/cost of sth ■ to reduce/lower/minimize/decrease the risk/chance/rate of sth ■ to reduce/lower/decrease/bring down the price of sth bring sb/sth before sb/sth (/ow) to present sb for judgement; to present sth to sb/sth for discussion or a decision 把...提交 庭审；将...提交讨论：Children should not be brought before a court. 儿童不应在法庭上受审。 ◊ The case was brought before the judge. 这件 案子已提交法官审理。 [OBJ] case SYN haul sb before sb/sth, etc. (informal) Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep bring sb down (informal)。to depress sb; to make sb unhappy 使沮丧；使不悦：Spending New Year alone brought me right down. 独自一 人过新年让我闷闷不乐。 SYN get sb down; depress sb (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sb/sth down 1 to take sb/sth from a higher to a lower level 拿下来；使降低: They brought all the boxes down from the attic. 他们把所有箱子从阁楼上搬了下来。2 to make sb/sth fall to the ground 使倒地；使坠落；使 跌倒：He was brought down in the penalty area. 他在禁区内被撞倒。 ◊ Their plane was brought down by a violent storm. 他们的飞机遇强烈风 暴坠毁了。 ◊ When she fell, she brought him down with her. 她倒下的时候把他也带倒了。 ◊ He brought down the bird with a single shot. 他 一枪就射落了那只鸟。 3 to make a govern- ment, a leader, etc. lose power or be defeated 使 (政府、领导人等) 倒台；打倒；击败：The scandal brought the government down. 这件丑 闻导致政府垮台。[OBJ] government ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM bring down the 'curtain on sth; bring the curtain down on sth to finish or mark the end of sth 使落下帷幕；结束；标志着...的终结：Her decision to retire brought down the curtain on a glittering 30-year career. 她退休的决定给她 30 年辉煌的职业生涯画上了句号。 bring sth down 1 to make sth smaller in size or amount 降低； 减低： We are determined to bring down inflation. 我们决心降低通货膨 胀。◊ The price war is bringing the cost of flights down. 价格战降低了乘飞机出行的费用。 [OBJ] inflation, price SYN lower sth (more formal) 2 to make an aircraft land 使 (飞机) 降落：The pilot brought the plane down safely. 飞行员驾机安全着陆。[OBJ] plane SYN land sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM bring the house down to make an audience laugh or clap in an enthusiastic way 令观众捧腹大笑；使观众热情鼓掌：Her perform- ance brought the house down. 她的表演博得了 满堂喝彩。 bring sth down on/upon sb (formal) to make sth unpleasant happen to sb as a result of your actions 给...带来 (令人不快的事)；连 累：He had brought nothing but trouble down on the family, 他尽给家里添乱。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ♦ v + adv + n + prep bring sb 'forth (old-fashioned, formal, rare) to give birth to sb 生 (孩子)：She brought forth a son. 她生了个儿子。 [OBJ] child ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) bring sth forth (formal) to produce sth; to make sth happen 产生；导致：Her remarks brought forth a harsh response. 她的话招致严 厉的回应。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) bring sth 'forward 1 to move sth to an earlier date or time 将 (日期或时间) 提前: Well have to bring the date of the final game forward . 我们得把决赛日期提前。[OBJ] meeting, date SYN put sth forward OPP put sth back 2 to suggest a subject, an idea, etc. for discussion 提议；提出讨论：She brought forward proposals for a new school building. 她提议建新校舍。[OBJ] proposal SYN put sth forward 3 (finance) to move a total from the bottom of one page or column of numbers to the top of the next page (从页底或栏底) 把 (账目数字) 转入次页页首 [OBJ] balance SYN carry sth forward rsh NOTE Often used in the pas- sive. 常用于被动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring in sth; .bring sb in sth to make or earn money for sb 挣得；为...赚得： How much is she bringing in every month? 她每月挣 多少钱？◊ His job only brought him in a small income. 他的工作收入微薄。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + n bring sb in 1 (on sth) to get sb involved in sth, especially to advise or help, etc. 让...参与 (尤指提供意见、帮助等)： Can we deal with this without bringing the police in? 我们不报警 私下处理这件事行不行？ ◊ I'd like to bring Inspector Lacey in on this investigation. 我想请 莱茜督察参与丧项调查。◊ Experts were brought in to advise the government. 政府请来专家出谋 划策。[OBJ] experts, police, troops 2 if the police bring sb in, they take them to a police station to question them or arrest them 将… 带到警察局讯问；逮捕：Two men have been brought in for questioning. 两名男子被带到警察 局接受讯问。[OBJ] suspect ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sb/sth in 1 to take sb/sth into a room, a house, an office, etc. 把...带进 (房 屋、办公室等)：Could you bring in another chair? 请再搬张椅子进来好吗？ ◊ Bring him in! 把他带进来！ NOTE In informal language bring sb in sth and, less often, bring sb sth in are also used 非正式语言中也说 bring sb in sth 和 bring sb sth in, 后者不太常用：Could you bring me in another chair? 请给我再搬张椅子进来好 吗？ ◊ Could you bring us some tea in? 请给我 们端些茶来好吗？ 2 to attract sb/sth to a place or a business 吸引 (访客或顾客)： The visitor centre is bringing in more and more people. 游 客中心吸引了越来越多的访客。[OBJ] business, customers, tourism -> see also BRING SB/STH INTO STH ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sth in 1 to introduce a new law 采 用，施行（新法规）A new law was brought in to improve road safety. 实施了新法以加强道路 安全。◊ New controls were brought in to limit spending and borrowing. 实行了新的管制措施 以限制开支和借款。[OBJ] legislation, law SYN introduce sth （more formal) Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语态。2 （low） to give a decision in a court 作出（判决）：The jury brought in a verdict of guilty. 陪审团作出 了看罪裁决。[OBJ] only verdict, decision 3 to mention or include sth 提及；包括：She brought in other evidence to support her argument. 她援引其他证据来支持她的论点。 4 to pick or cut and collect crops to be stored 采，收（作物）：Farmers haven't been able to bring the harvest in because of the weather. 天 气不好，农民未能收割庄稼。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sb/sth into sth 1 to take sb/sth into a place 把…带到（某处）：Bring that chair into the dining room. 把那张椅子搬到餐厅 来吧。 2 to include or mention sb/sth in a discussion, conversation, etc. （在讨论、谈话 等中）包括，提及：Why do you always have to bring Pete into it （= mention Pete when we are discussing sth? 你怎么张口闭口就是皮特？ ◊ I knew you'd manage to bring football into the conversation! 我就知道你会把话题转到足球 上！ 3 to attract sb/sth to a place or business 吸引（访客或顾客）到某处：The advertising campaign should bring more people into the bookshops. 这次广告活动应该能吸引更多的人走 进书店。 -> see also BRING SB/STH IN ♦ v + n/pron + prep bring sth off （informal） to manage to do sth difficult successfully 完成做成（困难的事）： England were close to victory, but they couldn't quite bring it off. 英格兰队离胜利仅一步之遥， 但是最终仍功败垂成。◊ Thompson, the new goalkeeper, brought off a superb save. 新守门员 汤普森完成了一个精彩扑救。 SYN pull sth off ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n + adv bring sb on （BrE） （AmE .bring sb along） to help sb to develop or improve when they are learning to do sth 帮助（学习者）进步；提高 （学习者）的水平：We need to bring on the young players quickly. 我们需要帮助年轻选手 尽快提高水平。◊ There's no time to bring employees along gradually. 没有时间按部就班 地培训雇员了。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sth 'on to make sth unpleasant happen 招致，导致（令人不快的事）：The heart attack was brought on by stress. 心脏病发 作是由压力所致。◊ It's not like you to get so upset. What's brought this on （= has made you so upset）? 你很少这么心神不宁。怎么回事? [OBJ] heart attack, depression SYN cause sth （more formal） ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM bring it on! （informal） used to say that you are happy that a difficult or challenging situation is coming because you are sure that you can overcome it （接受挑战时表示信心十 足）好啊, 来吧； 放马过来！ bring sth on sb/yourself （also .bring sth upon sb/yourself more formal） to be responsible for sth unpleasant that happens to sb/yourself 使遭受；使蒙受：You've brought shame on the whole family! 你使全家人蒙羞！ ◊ Don't blame me! You've brought this on yourself. 别怪我！ 你是咎由自取。 [OBJ] shame, disgrace ♦ v + n/pron + prep bring sb 'out to help sb to be more con- fident and less shy 使更加自信；使不再羞怯: Hers good at bringing out nervous interviewees. 他善于帮助紧张的面试者放松下来。◊ A year at college has really brought her out of herself. 一 年的大学生活确实让她开朗了不少。◊ I hoped that university would bring him out of his shell. 我希望上大学会让他活泼开朗起来。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sth out 1 （also .bring sth out of sth） to take sth out of sth; to remove sth from sth （从...之中）掏出，拿出: He brought a card out of his wallet and gave it to her. 他从皮夹里 取出一张名片给她。SYN sth out, take sth out of sth 2 to produce or publish sth 生产； 出版：They're bringing out a new sports car this year. 今年他们将推出一款新跑车。◊ How many albums have the band brought out? 这支乐队 出了多少张专辑？ ◊ The publishers are bringing out a new edition of the dictionary next spring. 明年春季，出板社要推出这部词典的新 版本。3 to make a particular quality easier to see, taste, or notice 使（某一特质）突显；使突 出：That dress brings out the colour of your eyes. 那件衣服能衬托出你眼睛的颜色。[OBJ] colour, flavour SYN emphasize sth （more formal） 4 to make sth appear that is usually hidden 使（潜藏的东西）显现：She always brings out the worst in me! 她总是招我表现出 最恶劣的一面！ ◊ The situation brought out the viciousness in him. 这种处境暴露了他恶毒的一 面。[OBJ] the best, the worst ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n 1 also v + n/pron + adv + prep bring sb 'out in sth （BrE) to make sb's skin be covered in sth such as sweat or spots 使 （皮肤）冒出（汗水等）；使（皮肤）布满（斑 点等）：Tomatoes bring me out in a rash. 我吃 西红柿会出皮疹。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep bring sb/sth over to take or bring sb/sth to a particular place, especially sb's home 把...带到（尤指家里）：When your sister gets back from New York, bring her over to see us. 你 妹妹从纽约回来，就带她来看看我们吧。◊ Bring your chair over and sit with us! 把椅子搬过 来，和我们坐一块儿！ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sb round (BrE) (AmE .bring sb a round) 1 (also .bring sb to) to make sb conscious again 使恢复知觉；使苏醒： She gently slapped his face to bring him round. 她 轻轻拍了拍他的脸，让他苏醒过来。 2 (to sth) to persuade sb to agree with you, or to do what you want 说服；劝使： I brought him round to my way of thinking in the end. 最后我 终于使他转而赞同我的看法。 SYN win sb over (to sth) ♦ v + n/pron + adv bring sb/sth round （especially （BrE） (AmE usually .bring sb/sth around) to bring sb/sth to sb's home 把…带到 (家里)：I’ll bring the papers round to your house this evening. 我今 晚把文件送到你家。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sth round to sth (BrE) (also .bring sth a round to sth AmE, BrE) to direct a conversation, a discussion, etc. so that you are talking about the subject you want to talk about 将 (话题) 导向：He always brings the conversation round to football, life 总是把话题转 到足球上来。 [OBJ] conversation, discussion ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep bring sb through; bring sb through sth (AmE) to help sb to survive a difficult or unpleasant experience or period in their life 帮 助...渡过 (难关)：My aunt helped to bring me through the period after my parents died. 我的 姨妈帮助我挺过了我父母去世后的那段日子。 SYN get sb through, get sb through sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep bring sb to -> BRING SB ROUND 1 bring A and B together 1 to help two people or groups to end an argument; to unite two people or groups 使 (双方) 握手言和；使 和好如初；团结；联合：The crisis brought the family closer together. 这场危机使一家人关系更 融洽。 2 to introduce two people who have never met; to help two people come together socially 介绍两人相识；帮助两人交往：It was me who brought them together. 是我给他俩牵 线搭桥的。SYN get A and B together ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sb/sth together to collect a group of people or objects together in one place 使 聚集；使集合：This exhibition brings together many artists' work. 展览汇集了众多艺术家的 作品。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sb up 1 to care for a child until he/she is grown up; to teach a child a particular way to behave, etc. 抚养；养育；教 养：She was brought up by her aunt. 她是由姨 妈带大的 。 ◊ I was brought up (= I grew up) on a farm . 我是在农场长大的。 ◊ They brought their children up very strictly. 他们对孩子管教 很严。◊ We were brought up to be polite and do what we were told. 从小家里就培养我们懂礼貌 和听话。◊ a well-brought-up child 有教养的孩子 [OBJ] children, family, daughter, son SYN raise sb (especially AmE) NOTE Bring up a child does not mean the same as look after a child. * bring up a child 和 look after a child 含 义不同。2 (law) to make sb appear for trial in court 使出庭受审；传讯 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► upbringing n [sing., U] the way in which a child is cared for and taught, especially by parents, while he/she is growing up 抚养； 培 养；教养 bring sb/sth up (to sth) to move sb/sth to a higher place, especially up the stairs 将…运到 (较高的位置，尤指楼上) ；举起； 抬起： Break- fast was brought up to our room. 早餐送到了我 们的房间。◊ Callum is downstairs. Shall I bring him up? 卡勒姆在楼下。 要不要我把他带上来？ ◊ She brought her hand up and slapped him. 她 举起手扇了他一耳光。◊ I brought the cup up to my lips and took a sip of coffee. 我把杯子送到唇 边，抿了一口咖啡。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sth up 1 to move sth from a lower to a higher position 举起；抬高：She brought up her hand to protect her face. 她抬起手护住脸 部。 2 to mention a subject and start to talk about it 提出 (话题) 供讨论: Every time 1 bring the matter up, he changes the subject. 每当 我提起这件事，他就会转移话题。[OBJ] subject, matter SYN raise sth (more formal) 3 (to sth) to increase a total, a price, a number, etc. to a higher level or amount 提高，增加 (总数、价 格、数目等)：this donation brings the total up to $6 000. 这笔捐款把总额提高到 6000元。 ◊ Owen got another goal, bringing the score up to SYN 欧文又进一球,把比分扩大为 4:0。[OBJ] total SYN raise sth (more formal) 4 to bring food from the stomach back out through the mouth 呕吐：The baby's just brought up her breakfast。 小孩刚把早饭吐出来了。 SYN throw sth up (informal); vomit sth up (more formal) 5 to make sth appear on a computer screen 使 显示 (在计算机屏幕上) ；调出，打开 (文件) ： Can you bring that file up on screen? 在电脑上 把那个文件打开好吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bring sb up against sth to make sb real- ize sth or face sth and deal with it (使) 意识 到，面临，面对：This case brings us up against the problem of punishment in schools. 这件事使 我们直面学校体罚的问题。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep bring sb/sth up to sth to help sb/sth to reach an acceptable level or standard 帮助... 达到标准; 使达标：They have now brought the football ground up to the required safety standards. 他们现在把足球场改建得符合规定的 安全标准了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep bring sth upon sb/yourself -> BRING STH ON SB/YOURSELF SYNONYMS同义词辨析 bring sb up bring sb up ♦ educate sb ♦ raise sb ♦ rear sb These verbs all refer to how a child grows up and is cared for. 这些动词都表示抚养：养育、 教养。 bring sb up (often passive) to care for a child, teaching him/her how to behave, until he/she is grown up 抚养；养育；教养: She brought up five children. 她养大了五个孩子。 ◊ He was brought up by his aunt 他是由姨妈 带大的。 educate sb (often passive) to teach sb over a period of time at a school or university (在 学校) 教育，培育，培养： She was educated in the US. 她在美国接受的教育。 raise sb (often passive) (especially AmE) to care for a child or young animal until it is grown up 抚养，养育 (小孩)；饲养 (幼兽)：they were both raised in the South. 他们俩都是在南 方长大的。 rear sb (often passive) to care for young animals or children until they are grown up 饲养(幼兽)；抚养，养育 (小孩): She reared a family of five on her own. 她独自养活 了一家五 口 . ◊ Lions usually manage to rear about half the number of cubs born to them . 狮子一般能养活所产幼仔的大约半数。 WHICH WORD? Raise is more often used to talk about children; rear is more often used to talk about animals . When raise is used in British English to talk about caring for a child, it is slightly more formal than bring up. * raise 多用于指抚 养孩子；rear 多用于指饲养动物。在英国英语 中，抚养孩子用 raise 比用 bring up 略显正式。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to bring up/raise/rear/educate a child ■ to bring up/raise/rear a family/daughter/son ■ to raise/rear young animals/sheep/chickens ■ to be brought up/raised/reared in Scotland, Oxford, etc . ■ to be brought up/raised/reared on Indian food, Hollywood movies, etc . bristle bristle / ˈbrɪs(ə)/ bristle with sth to be covered in sth; to have or contain a large number or amount of sth 满布；充满：a roof bristling with TV aerials 布满电视天线的楼顶。◊ The staff bristle with efficiency. 全体员工工作效率很高。 ♦ v + prep broaden broaden /ˈbrɔːdn/ broaden out if a river, a road, etc. broad- ens out, it becomes wider (河、 路等) 变 宽，变阔 NOTE Broaden is also used on its own, but less often. * broaden 也单独使用，但不太常见. ♦ v + adv broaden out； broaden sth 'out (especially BrE) if sth broadens out, or you broaden it out, it becomes more general or includes a larger number of people or things 拓展; 扩大：Let's broaden out the discussion to talk about education as a whole. 我们来扩大一 下讨论范围, 全面谈谈教育问题。 NOTE Broaden is also used on its own. * broad- en 也单独使用。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv brown brown /braʊn/ brown sth out (especially AmE) to reduce the amount of electrical power, water, etc . that is supplied to a particular machine, area, etc. 对 (特定机器、地域等) 减少供电 (或供水)； 对...实行供电 (或供水) 管制： Servers were browned out by the increase in Internet traffic. 互联网流量增大，造成服务器几 乎瘫痪。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv (rare) ► brown-out n (especially AmE): Recurrent brown-outs brought the city to a standstill. 接 二连三的电力不足令城市运转陷入停顿。 browse browse /braʊz/ browse through sth to look through a book, a magazine, etc. without paying close attention or reading everything 浏览；随意翻 阅：She browsed through the newspaper while she waited. 她边等边浏览报纸。 [OBJ] book, newspaper ♦ v + prep brush brush /brʌʃ/ brush a'gainst/' by/' past sb/sth to touch sb/sth lightly when you move close to them/it 轻触：掠过： The cat brushed against Alison's leg. 那只猫蹭了蹭艾莉森的腿。 ◊ He brushed by/past me and ran out. 他和我擦肩而过，跑了 出去。 ♦ v + prep brush sb/sth aside 1 to push sb/sth to one side 把... 推到一边：She brushed a strand of hair aside. 她把一绺头发捋开。 2 to refuse to listen to sb/sth or treat them/it as important 不听； 漠视： 对…不以为然： He brushed, my protests aside and paid the bill. 他不顾我的反对，把账 单付了。 ◊ Every time I try to explain, you brush me aside. 每次我要解释，你都不理睬我。SYN wave sth aside/away; dismiss sb/sth -> see also BRUSH SB OFF 1, BRUSH STH OFF 2 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n brush sth away (from sth) 1 to remove sth from a surface with a brush, your hand, etc. 掸 去；擦掉：She brushed a stray hair away from her face. 她拂开脸上的一缕散发。[OBJ] tears, hair, dust 2 to ignore an idea, a thought, etc. because you do not want to think about it or you think it is not important 忽视; 对...置之 不理：She quickly brushed the idea away. 她立 刻把这个想法抛到脑后。SYN dismiss sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n brush by sb/sth t brush against/by/past sb/sth brush sb/yourself down (especially BrE) to clean sb/yourself by brushing their/your clothes with your hand, especially after they/you have fallen (尤指跌到后) 拂去...衣 服上的尘土；掸干净：She stood up and brushed herself down. 她站起来，拍去身上的灰尘。 -> see also BRUSH SB/YOURSELF OFF ♦ v + n/pron + adv brush sth 'down (especially BrE) to clean sth by brushing it thoroughly 刷干净：Brush your coat down to get the mud off. 把你外套上 的泥巴刷刷干净。 ◊ The children were taught how to brush down their ponies. 大人教孩子们 如何把他们的小马刷干净。 [OBJ] coat, skirt, etc. -> see also BRUSH STH OFF 1 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n brush off； .brush sth off if mud, dust, etc. brushes off, or you brush it off, it is removed by brushing (被) 刷去，拂去：Don't worry about the mud—itll brush off easily when it's dry. 那些泥巴不用操心---干了一刷 就会掉的。◊ We were able to brush the dirt off quite easily. 我们很容易就把灰尘掸掉了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n brush sb off (informal) 1 to refuse to listen to sb; to ignore sb in a rude or unkind way 不 理睬；(毫不客气地) 漠视：He tried to explain to her, but she brushed him off impatiently. 他 要向她解释，可她很不耐烦，对他爱搭不理。 SYN rebuff sb (formal) -> see also BRUSH SB/STH ASIDE 2 2 to get rid of sb 打发走：She couldn't brush Roger off after the party. 聚会之 后她没法把罗杰打发走。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► brush-off n [ sing.] (informal) rude or unkind behaviour that shows you do not want to be friendly 不理睬；不友好：They're just trying to give me the brush-off. 他们就是想要 冷落我。 brush sb/yourself off to clean sb/yourself by brushing their/your clothes quickly with your hand 拂去...衣服上的灰尘；掸干净 -> see also BRUSH SB/YOURSELF DOWN ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n brush sth off 1 to clean sth quickly by brushing it 刷净；拂净：He picked up his hat and brushed it off quickly. 他捡起帽子，马上把 它掸干净。-> see also BRUSH STH DOWN 2 to refuse to listen to, discuss or accept sth 不理 睬； 拒绝接受；对...置之不理： Roberts brushed off allegations of corruption. 罗伯茨不理会对他 贪污的指控。 ◊ She brushed off offers of help from her friends. 朋友们主动提出帮忙，她拒绝 了。 -> see also BRUSH SB/STH ASIDE 2 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n brush sth 'out 1 to brush sth, especially hair, thoroughly to remove knots or to make it straighter 梳理 (头发等)：She brushed out her hair, washed her face and got into bed. 她梳 好头，洗好脸，就上床了。[OBJ] hair 2 （also .brush sth out of sth ) to remove knots, etc. from your hair by brushing 梳开 (头发的缠结 等)：It took half an hour to brush out all the tangles in his hair. 用了半个小时才梳开他的一 头乱发。[OBJ] tangles, knots ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv 2 also v + n/pron + adv + prep brush past sb/sth -> BRUSH AGAINST/BY/PAST SB/STH brush sth up； .brush up on sth (especially BrE) to study or practise sth in order to get back the skill or knowledge that you had in the past but have not used for some time 重温，复习 (生疏了的技能或知识)： I need to brush up my computer skills. 我需要重 新捡起我的计算机技能。◊ You should brush up on your French before you go to France. 去法国 之前，你得温习一下法语。 [OBJ] skills , French/English, etc . SYN polish sth up; review sth (especially AmE), revise sth (BrE) NOTE used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv [less frequent) ♦ v + adv + prep bubble bubble/ˈbʌb(ə)l/ bubble over (with sth) to be full of excite- ment, enthusiasm, ideas, etc, 充满，充溢着 (兴备、热情、想法等)： They were bubbling over with excitement. 他们兴奋不已。 ♦ v + adv bubble under； .bubble under sth if sth is bubbling under, it is already fairly suc- cessful but is not yet as successful as other things of the same kind, although it is likely to be so soon 有望走红；有望大获成功；可能大红 大紫：This is our list of songs bubbling under. 这 是我们认为可能会窜红的歌曲名单。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep bubble up 1 if a liquid bubbles up from the ground, etc., it rises up in the form of bubbles or making the sound of bubbles (液体) 沸 腾，冒泡，发出冒泡声： Water bubbled up from the pool. 池塘里咕嘟咕嘟地冒水。◊ (figurative) Clouds will bubble up (= start to form) later this afternoon. 今天傍晚将转多云。 2 if an emotion, etc. bubbles up, it becomes stronger and starts to be heard or seen (感情等) 变得 强烈，开始流露：I could feel the anger bubbling up inside me. 我怒火中烧。◊ Laughter came bubbling up. 笑声传了过来。 ♦ v + adv buck buck /bʌk/ buck for sth (AmE) to try in a determined way to win or gain sth you want very much, especially an important position 极力谋求， 拼命争取 (尤指要职)：He was bucking for a Cabinet post in the Nixon administration. 当时 他千方百计想在尼克松政府谋得一个内阁职务。 ♦ v + prep buck up (old-fashioned, BrE, informal) used to tell sb to hurry up (表示催促) 快点，抓紧: Buck up! we’ll be late. 别磨蹭！我们要迟到了。 SYN hurry up ♦ v + adv buck up; .buck sb up (old-fashioned, BrE, informal) to become, or to make sb, more cheerful (使) 振作，振奋: Buck up! There's no school tomorrow! 打起精神来！明天不用上学 了！ ◊ He bucked up when I said he could go. 我说他可以走了，他便来了精神。 ◊ A day out will buck you up. 到外面转一天，你就会有精神 头了。 SYN cheer up, cheer sb/yourself up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM buck your i deas up (BrE, informal) to start behaving in a more acceptable way, so that work gets done better, etc. 振作起来 bucket bucket /ˈbʌkɪt/ bucket down (BrE, informal) to rain heavily 下暴雨：It bucketed down all day. 整整下了一天 倾盆大雨。 ♦ v + adv buckle buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ buckle down (to sth) (informal) to start working or doing sth in a serious or deter- mined way 开始认真做；努力干：He tried to buckle down to some study. 他想静下心来学点 东西。 SYN knuckle down (to sth) ♦ v + adv buckle 'up (especially AmE) to fasten the belt that you wear in a car, etc. to keep you in your seat if there is an accident (a seat belt) 系上安全带：Buckle up, kids. 孩子们，系好安 全带。 SYN belt up (BrE) ♦ v + adv buddy buddy /ˈbʌdi/ (buddies, buddying, buddied) buddy 'up to/with sb/sth; be/get buddied up to/with sb/sth (AmE, informal) to become friendly with sb or work closely with another person (与…) 亲近，携 手工作：She buddied up to Julie, hoping to get to know her brother. 她和茱莉套近乎，希望结 识她的哥哥。◊ I asked to get buddied up with an experienced diver. 我要求和经验丰富的潜水 员搭档。 ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ be/get + v + adv + prep budge budge /bʌdʒ/ budge 'up (BrE, informal) to move up; to make more room for sb else 让开； 挪开：Budge up a bit! I'd like to sit down too. 挤一挤！ 我也 想坐下。 SYN move up ♦ v + adv budget budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ budget for sth to plan to save or provide an amount of money for a particular purpose 预留…的费用；编制…的预算：Don't forget to budget for the cost of textbooks. 别忘了预留 书本费。◊ These extra costs have not been budgeted for. 这些额外开销没有编入预算。 ♦ v + prep buff buff /bʌf/ buff 'up (informal) to make yourself look fit and attractive 显得健美：You.ll need to spend some time in the gym if you want to buff up for your summer holiday. 要想在暑期度假时展现健 美身材，你就得花点时间在健身房锻炼。 ♦ v + adv duff sth up 1 to polish sth with a soft cloth (用软布) 擦亮，擦净： Wax isn't as durable as a varnish and it needs buffing up occasionally. 蜡不如清漆耐用，还需要不时用软布擦拭。 2 to improve sth 改进；改善：They're trying to buff up the company's image. 他们正努力改善公司 形象。 ♦ v + n + adv ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bug bug /bʌɡ/ (-gg-) bug off (AmE, informal) used to tell sb to stop bothering you (告诫对方) 别烦人，滚 开：Should I tell him to bug off, or try to help? 我是该叫他滚蛋呢，还是该帮一帮他呢？ ♦ v + adv bug out （AmE, informal) 1 if your eyes bug out, they suddenly open fully because you are surprised or excited (眼睛) 圆睁，瞪大：They just sat there with their eyes bugging out as if they'd never seen a woman yell at a man before. 他们坐在那里，目瞪口呆，仿佛以前从未见过一 个女人冲着男人大喊大叫。 2 ( especially of a group of soldiers, etc.尤指若干士兵) to leave a place quickly, especially to avoid duty or injury ( 为逃避职责或避免受伤 ) 撤退，逃离： When the radio went down, a couple of units bugged out. 无线联络中断后，记个小队逃跑了。 ◊ I picked up my pay and then bugged out. 我 领了工资就开溜了。 3 (about/over sth) to become very upset or angry 心烦意乱；怒气冲 冲：He came over to my house, bugging out about something. 他来到我家，人显得很烦躁。 SYN freak out (informal)。 ♦ v + adv bugger bugger/ˈbʌɡə(r)/ bugger about/around (with sth) (BrE,△, slang) to waste time doing stupid or unimportant things; to behave in a silly way 鬼混；胡闹：Stop buggering about and let's get on with it 别晃荡了，我们继续干正事吧。 NOTE Mess around or, in British English, mess about is a more polite informal way to say this. 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 mess around K 英国英语中的 mess about, ♦ v + adv bugger sb about/around (BrE, A, slang) to treat sb badly or in a way that wastes their time 难为；给...添麻烦：I'm sick of being buggered about by my boss. 老板总跟我过不 去，真是烦死人。 NOTE Mess sb around or, in British English, mess sb about is a more polite informal way to say this. 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 mess sb around 或英国英语中的 mess sb about, ♦ v + n/pron + adv bugger 'off (BrE, slang) to go away 走 开；离开： Bugger off and leave me alone. 滚 开，别烦我。◊ Clive's buggered off to the pub with Julie. 克莱夫和茱莉去酒馆了。 NOTE Clear off is a more polite informal way to say this. 较礼貌的菲正式表达方式是 clear off。 ♦ v + adv bugger sth up (BrE, slang) to spoil sth; to do sth badly 弄糟；搞坏：I'm not going to let her bugger things up for me. 我不会让她把我的 事情搞砸。 NOTE Mess sth up is a more polite informal way to say this. 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 mess sth up. ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n build build /bɪld/ (built, built /bilt/) build sth a round sth (BrE also .build sth round sth) to create sth, basing it on a particular thing, person, idea, etc. 在...基础上 创作：The story is built around the adventures of twelve knights. 故事围绕十二位骑士的历险 展开。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep build sth in； build sth into sth 1 to make sth a fixed and permanent part of a system, a plan, etc. 使成为 ( 体系、 计划等的 ) 组成部分：Safeguards against fraud are built into the system. 该系统植入了防欺诈的设置。 2 to make sth a fixed and permanent part of sth larger 把…建造在…里；使固定于 (较大的 物件 )：The flash is built into the camera. 闪光 灯设在照相机内。 ◊ This dishwasher can be built in. 几这款洗碗机可以嵌入安装。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep ► built- in (also in'built less frequent) adj [only before noun] forming a fixed pan of a larger structure 内置的；内装的；嵌入的：a built-in cupboard 嵌入式壁橱 ◊ The camera has a built-in flash. 这架照相机有内置闪光灯。 ► inbuilt adj [only before noun] existing as an essential part of sth/sb 内在的；固有的；天 生的：the inbuilt survival instinct of animals 动 物与生俱来的生存本能 build on sth (also build upon sth more formal) to develop further from sth that you have already achieved 在…的基础上发展：We need to build on last year's success. 我们要在 去年取得成功的基础上再接再厉。◊ This course builds on existing skills. 这门课程是对现有技能 的提高。 [OBJ] success, skills, strengths, achievements ♦ v + prep build sth on； build sth onto sth to add sth such as an extra room to an existing building (在建筑物上) 增建，添造: (BrE) They had built on a large extension at: the back of the house, 他们在屋后进行了大规模扩建。◊ (AmE) It is often better to build on an addition rather than removing walls. 增建往往优于把现有的墙 体拆除。 [OBJ] addition, extension ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep build sth on sth (also 'build sth upon sth more formal) to base sth on sth; to use sth as the basis or foundation for sth 把…作为… 的基础；把…建立在…的基础上：Our company has built its reputation on the quality of its products. 我们公司的信誉建立在过硬的产品 质量上。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep build sth out (especially AmE) 1 to finish a building, house, room, etc. which already exists in a basic form, to suit the needs of the people who will be using it 改造，装修 (建 筑、房屋、房间等)：Building several offices at a time costs 10% to 20% less than building out a single suite. 一次性建造几间办公室，比改装 一个套间要便宜 10% 到 20%。 2 to develop or expand a new system, business or computer network 扩展，扩建 (新系统、企业或计算机网 络): Our strategy is to build out the network in over 200 cities statewide. 我们的战略是将这一 网络延伸至全国 200 多座城市。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► buildout n [U, C] (especially AmE) 1 the act of building out a house, etc. (房屋等的) 改建，装修：The buildout will take about two weeks. 改造需要两周左右。 2 the act of build- ing out a new system, business or computer network (新系统、企业或计算机网络的) 扩 展，扩建：the Internet buildout 互联网的扩展 build sth round sth (BrE) -> BUILD STH AROUND STH build 'up to become greater, stronger or larger in number 增大；增强；增多：Queues of traffic are building up after the accident: 车祸 之后，车辆排起了长龙。◊ I could feel the anger building up inside me. 我感觉到心中怒火越烧 越旺。 SYN accumulate (more formal) ♦ v + adv ► build-up n [sing., U] an increase in the amount, strength or number of sth 增长；增 强；增多：a build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 大气中二氧花碳的增加 build up (to sth), build yourself up (to sth) to gradually prepare yourself for sth such as a race or competition 逐步准备 (比赛等)： Start gently and build up to the more strenuous exercises. 开始时轻松点，逐渐过渡到高强度的 训练。◊ Build up slowly until you can jog for 30 minutes. 逐步增加时间，直到能慢跑30分钟。◊ Build yourself up to the day of the performance. 好好为演出那天作准备。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv ► build-up (to sth) n [C, usually sing.] the time before an important event when people are gradually preparing for it (重大活动的) 前期，准备过程: the build-up to the Olympics 奥 运备战 build sb/yourself up to make sb healthier or stronger 增进 (健康)；增强 (体质)：She gave me lots of vitamins and minerals to build me up. 她让我服用很多维生素和矿物质，以增 强体质。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv build sb/sth up to speak about sb/sth with great enthusiasm, often praising them more than they deserve 吹捧；大肆宣扬；为...大造 舆论：He has been built up to be the answer to the nation's problems. 他被鼓吹成了能解决国家 问题的人物。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► build-up n [C, usually sing.] a very en- thusiastic description, especially of a perform- ance, that is intended to make people excited about it and want to see it 极为捧场; 大肆宣 传；大造舆论：The reviewers gave the play a big build-up. 评论家对这部戏剧不吝赞词。 build sth up 1 to collect or create sth, often gradually over a period of time (逐步) 积 累，建立：She has built up an impressive collection of paintings. 她收集了数量可观的油 画。[OBJ] collection, library 2 to develop sth 建 立；发展：The manager had built up a good relationship with his staff. 经理与员工建立了 良好的关系。◊ My father built the business up from scratch. 我父亲白手起家，创办了这家 企业。◊ Harriet has built up quite a reputation for herself as a reporter. 作为记者哈丽雅特赢得 了相当高的声誉。 ◊ We are gradually building up a picture of what happened. 我们对发生的 事情逐步有了了解。[OBJ] business, reputation, picture 3 to increase sth or make sth stronger 增加；加强: After an accident, most drivers need to build up their confidence again. 发生事故之 后，大多数司机都需要逐步重拾信心。[OBJ] con- fidence, trust, strength 4 to cover sth so that it is higher or stronger than before 增高；加强 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► built-up adj [usually before noun] 1 covered with many houses or buildings 建 筑物多的；建筑物密集的；布满建筑物的：The speed limit is lower in built-up areas. 在房屋密 集的地区车辆限速要低一些。2 built-up shoes, boots, or heels have extra height added ( 鞋 子、靴子或鞋跟) 增高的，垫高的 build yourself 'up -> BUILD SB/YOURSELF UP build upon sth, build sth upon sth， etc . -> BUILD ON STH, BUILD STH ON STH, ETC. bulk bulk/bʌl/ bulk out/1 up； .bulk sb/sth out/up (especially AmE) to increase in size or weight; to make sb/sth increase in size or weight (使) (规模或重量) 扩大，增大：Van Gisbergen had bulked up for this match. 范•吉 斯伯根为参加这次比赛增加了体重。 ◊ Local businesses are helping to bulk up school com- puter labs (= provide more computers). 当地 企业纷纷帮助学校扩充计算机室。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) bully bully /ˈbʊl/ (bullies, bullying, bullied) bully sb 'into sth； bully sb 'into doing sth to force sb to do sth by frighten- ing them or threatening them 胁迫某人做某事: You can't bully me into saying anything! 你休 想逼我说出一个字！ ♦ v + n/pron + prep bum /bum/ (-mm-)burn a'round (informal) to travel around or to spend your time doing nothing in particular 四处游荡；无所事事；游手好闲 ♦v + adv bum around sth (informal) to travel some- where with no particular plans ( 在… ) 闲 逛，瞎混：After I left school, I bummed around the world for a year. 毕业后我在世界各地游荡 了一年。 [OBJ] the world, Europe, Asia, etc. ♦ v + prep bum sb out (AmE, informal) to annoy sb 使恼怒；使心烦：I was really bummed out that there were no tickets left. 票卖光了，我火冒 三丈。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv bum round, etc. (BrE) -> BUM AROUND, ETC. bumble bumble/'bʌmbl/ bumble around； .bumble around sth (BrE also .bumble about, bumble a1 bout sth) to move around in an awkward and noisy way (在…) 笨手笨脚地走动， 踉踉跄跄： I could hear my father bumbling about downstairs. 我 能听见父亲在楼下来回走动时那笨重的脚步声。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep bump bump /bʌmp/ bump along to continue in the same way as before, without making any progress or improvement 依然如故；毫无起色，徘徊不前: United are still bumping along in the Third Division. 联队仍在丙级队里晃荡。 ♦ v + adv bump into sb (informal) to meet sb by chance 碰见；偶遇：I bumped into an old friend in town today. 今天在城里我与一位老友不期 而遇。 SYN run into sb ♦ v + prep bump 'into sb/sth to hit sb/sth by accident (不小心) 碰上，冲撞：In the dark I bumped into a chair. 在黑暗中我撞到了一把椅子。 SYN collide with sb/sth ♦ v + prep bump sb 'off (informal) to murder sb 谋 杀；杀害：He admitted bumping off Baines. 他 承认杀了贝恩斯。 ♦v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bump sb off; bump sb off sth 1 to not allow sb to have the seat on a plane that they have booked, because too many tickets have been sold (因机票超售) 取消...的订座：With more people flying these days, there is a greater chance of getting bumped off your flight. 如今 搭乘飞机的人多了，因机票超售被拒载的机率也 大了。◊ bumped-off travellers 因机票超售被拒 载的旅客 NOTE Bump sb can also be used on its own * bump sb 也可单独使用：We were late arriving at the airport and the airline bumped us. 我们赶到机场时晚了，因航空公司机票超售 我们无法登机。2 (especially AmE, computing) to break a connection with the Internet, so that it can no longer be used 终止 (联网)； 使断网：Some users couldn't log in, others kept getting bumped off. 有些用户无法登录，其他 用户的联网则时断时续。◊ to be bumped off the Internet 被断网 [OBJ] the Internet, server, web- site SYN kick sb off, kick sb off sth; discon- nect sb (from sth) (more formal) NOTE Usually used in the passive 通常用于被 动语态：I was worried about being bumped off the flight. 我担心因机票超售而无法登机。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep bump sb 'up (to sth) (informal)。to move sb to a more expensive seat in a plane without charging them extra, because there are not enough seats at the price they have paid ( 因 所属机舱座位不足而) 免费提高...的座舱等级：I got bumped up to business class. 我被免费调整 到了商务舱。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv bump sth 'up （informal) to increase or raise sth 增加；提升：The company bumped their prices up by 10%. 公司提价 10%。 [OBJ] prices ♦ v 十 n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bunch bunch /bʌntʃ/ bunch up; .bunch sth up if material bunches up, or you bunch it up, it forms tight folds (使) (布料) 起皱；把...揉皱：The sheets bunched up under him every time he moved. 他每次挪动一下身体，身下的床单就弄 得皱皱巴巴。◊ She bunched her skirt up and jumped. 她揪住裙子跳了起来。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bunch up/ togethen .bunch sb/sth *up/together to move closer together to make a tight group; to make sb/sth do this (使) 集中，聚拢：The children bunched together in little groups in the playground. 孩子 们在操场上三五成群。◊ All the runners were bunched up behind the leader. 其他赛跑选手跟 在领跑者后面挤作一团。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bundle bundle/ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ bundle sb 'off (to sth ... ) to send sb somewhere in a hurry or when they do not want to go 把...匆匆送走; 强行把...打发 (到某 处)： She bundled her son off to school. 她急匆 匆地把儿子送到学校。 SYN pack sb off (to ...) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bundle 'up (in sth) (AmE) to dress in warm clothes 穿得暖和： Bundle up! Ifs freezing outside! 多穿点！外面很冷！ SYN wrap up (in sth), etc. ♦ v + adv bundle sb up (in sth) to make sb feel warmer by putting warm clothes on them or covering them with blankets 使穿得暖和；使 保暖： I bundled Lucy up in a blanket and made her a cup of tea. 我给露西裹了条毯子， 又给她 泡了杯茶。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv bundle sth up/together to put or tie things together in a pile 捆扎； 打包：She bundled up her clothes and pushed them into a cupboard. 她把衣服包起来，塞进衣橱。 ◊ The papers were all bundled together, ready to be thrown away. 报纸全部捆好了，准备扔掉。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n bung bung/bʌŋ/ bung sth 'up (with sth) (BrE, informal) to stop sth from moving or flowing through sth by putting sth in or across it (用某物) 堵塞， 阻塞：She's bunged the sink up with tea leaves. 她倒的茶叶把水槽堵住了。 SYN block sth up （more formal） ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► bunged up adj blocked; not clear 堵塞 的；阻塞的：My nose is all bunged up this morning . 今天早晨我的鼻子全堵了。 ◊ I'm （= my nose is） all bunged up. 我的鼻子全堵了。 bunk bunk/bʌŋk/ bunk down （especially AmE） to lie down to sleep somewhere, especially somewhere uncomfortable or for only one night （尤指在 不舒适的地方）将就过夜，勉强投宿，暂时睡下: We bunked down in an old bam for the night. 那晚我们凑合睡在一个旧谷仓里。 SYN doss down （BrE, informal） ♦ v + adv bunk off； bunk 'off sth （BrE, informal） to stay away from school or work when you ought to be there; to leave school or work early, especially without permission 逃学； 旷 工；早退：Let's bunk off this afternoon and go shopping. 今天下午咱们别上班了，去购物吧。 [OBJ] school, work SYN skive off, etc. （BrE) ♦ v + adv • v + prep bunk up （with sb） informal。to share a bed with sb; to have sex with sb （与…）同 床，发生性关系：fm afraid you two will have to bunk up together tonight. 恐怕今晚你们俩得睡 一张床了。 ♦ v + adv ► bunk-up n （BrE, informal） an act of having sex with sb; a person to have sex with 与人发 生性关系；发生性关系的对象： lads out looking fora bunk-up 出门寻找一夜情的小青年 buoy buoy /bɔɪ; AmE also ˈbuːi/ buoy sb/sth up 1 to make or keep sb cheerful and confident 鼓励；鼓劲： Winning the match buoyed. the team up. 比赛获胜使该队 欢欣鼓舞 ◊ The party did little to buoy up her spirits. 这次聚会并没有让她精神振作多少。 ◊ She was buoyed up by her father's praise. 父亲的赞扬给她增添了信心。 2 to keep sb/sth floating; to stop sb/sth from sinking 使漂浮； 使上浮：I relaxed, letting the salt water buoy me up. 我放松下来，任凭海水托浮着。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语 态。Buoy sb/sth can also be used on its own buoy sb / sth 也可单独使用： Buoyed by their recent victory, the team are convinced they can win the finaL 在最近的胜利鼓舞下，该队有信心 赢得决赛。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n buoy sth up （finance） to make or keep prices at a high or acceptable level 保持（价 格）处于高位；维持（价格）在可接受的水平: Share prices were buoyed up by the news. 这个 消息使股价冲上高位。◊ to buoy up the economy 刺激经济 [OBJ] prices NOTE Often used in the passive.常用于被动语 态。 Buoy sth is also used on its own. * buoy sth 也单独使用。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n burn burn /bɜːn; AmE bɜːrn/ （burnt, burnt /bɜːnt; AmE bɜːrnt/ or burned, burned /bɜːnd; AmE bɜːrnd/） burn a way； .burn sth a way to disappear as a result of burning; to make sth do this （使）烧毁，烧光： Half the candle had burnt away. 这支蜡烛燃烧掉了一半。◊ The fire had burned away part of the roof. 火灾使一部 分屋顶被焚毁。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （less frequent） burn 'down if a fire burns down, it becomes less strong and bums with smaller flames （火 势）减弱，变小：They sat by the fire, watching it slowly burn down. 他们坐在火边，看着火头 逐渐变小。 OPP burn up ♦ v + adv burn down； burn sth down if a building bums down, or sb bums it down, it is destroyed by fire （把…）焚毁，烧毁：The palace burnt down in the 19th century. 这座宫 殿在19世纪毁于大火。◊ She threatened to burn the house down. 她威胁要把房子烧掉。 Num Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n burn sth 'off 1 to remove sth by burning 烧掉；烧除：Burn the old paint off before repainting the door. 先把门上的旧漆烧掉，再刷 新油漆。2 （also .burn sth up） to use energy by exercising （通过锻炼）消耗（能量）：Walk- ing briskly can bum off a lot of calories. 快步走 能消耗很多卡路里。[OBJ] calories, fat ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv burn out； .burn sth out if a machine or part of a machine bums out or sb/sth bums it out, it stops working because it has been used too much or has got too hot （因机器使 用过度或过热） 出故障, 损环： The clutch has burnt out. 离合器因过热而失灵了。 ◊ I burnt out the motor in the first car I had. 我把我第一辆车 的马达烧坏了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v 十 adv + n burn out； .burn itself out to stop burn- ing because there is no more fuel （因燃料耗 尽）熄灭：Blow out the candles before they burn out. 把蜡烛吹灭，免得烧完。 ◊ By the time the fire brigade arrived the fire had burnt （itself） out. 消防队赶到时，火已经（自己）熄灭了。 -> note at GO OUT; -> see also BURN STH OUT ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv ► burnout n [C, U] the point at which a spacecraft has used all of its fuel and has no more power （航天器的）燃料耗尽 burn out； burn yourself out to become very tired or sick and unable to continue your work because you have worked too hard over a period of time 过劳；积劳成疾： It's a high-pressure job and many people bum out at a young age. 这份工作压力很大，很多人 年纪轻轻就积劳成疾。◊ If he carries on working so hard, he'll bum himself out. 他要是继续这样 拼命工作，会把自己累垮的。 -> see also BURN SB OUT, BURN SB OUT OF STH ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv ► burnout n 1 [C, U] the state of being very tired or sick because you have worked too hard 过劳；积劳成疾：Burnout is common among teachers. 积劳成疾在教师中很常见。 2 [C] a person who is very tired or sick because they have worked too hard 劳累过度的人；积 劳成疾的人 ► burnout (especially BrE) (AmE usually burned- out) adj very tired or sick because you have worked too hard 筋疲力尽的；积劳 成疾 burnt-out rock singers 声嘶力竭的摇滚 歌手 burn sb out; burn sb out of sth to force sb to leave a building by setting fire to it 放火迫使...离开 (建筑物) ： A gang has tried to burn a woman out of her home. 一伙歹徒试图 纵火把一名女子逼出家门。 -> see also BURN OUT, BURN YOURSELF OUT ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep burn sth out to destroy sth completely by fire, so that only the outside or the frame is left 把... 烧成空架子： Two cars were burnt out in the crash. 撞车事故中有两辆汽车被烧毁。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 -> see also BURN OUT, BURN ITSELF OUT ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► burnt out (especially BrE) (AmE usually burned- out) adj [only before noun] com- pletely destroyed or badly damaged by fire 烧 毁的；烧环 burnt-out buses 烧成空壳的公共 汽车。burned-out houses 焚毁的房屋 burn 'up 1 to be destroyed by heat 被焚毁； 被烧掉：The spacecraft burned up as it entered the earth's atmosphere. 宇宙飞船进入地球大气 层时被烧毁。 2 (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) to have a fever or a high temperature 发热；体温高 ：She's burning up― he needs a doctor. 她发烧了 ----需要看 医生。 3 if a fire bums up, it gets stronger and has larger flames (火势) 燃旺，增强 OPP burn down ♦ v + adv burn sb up (AmE, informal) to make sb very angry 激怒；使大怒：The way he treats me really bums me up. 他那么对待我，实在把我气 疯了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv burn sth up 1 to get rid of sth completely by burning 焚毁；烧毁: I'm going to bum up all the rubbish/trash. 我要把所有垃圾都烧掉。2 -> BURN STH OFF 2 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv burrow burrow /ˈbʌrəʊ; AmE ˈbɜːroʊ/ burrow in sth to search for sth among things in a container (在容器中) 搜寻，摸索: She burrowed in her pocket and eventually found a few coins. 她在口袋里摸来摸去， 终于 找到了几枚硬币。 ♦ v + prep burst burst /bɜːst; AmE bɜːrst/(burst, burst) burst in (on sb/sth), burst Into sth to enter a room, a building, etc. suddenly and noisily, interrupting the people who are in it闯入；闯进房间打断：He apologized for bursting in on our meeting. 对闯进来打断了我 们的会议，他表示歉意。◊The door suddenly flew open and Mia burst in. 门突然开了，米娅 猛地闯了进来。◊ She ran down the stairs and burst into the kitchen. 她跑下楼梯，一头扎进了 厨房。 -> see also BURST INTO STH ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep burst into sth to start producing or doing sth suddenly and with great force 突然爆发； 突然...起来：The aircraft burst into flames (= suddenly started to bum). 飞机一下子燃烧 了起来。 ◊ I was so relieved I burst into tears (= suddenly started to cry). 我如释重负， 不禁痛哭失声。◊ The cab's engine burst into life (= suddenly started to work). 出租车的引 擎猛地发动起来。 ◊ As the curtain fell, the audience burst into applause (= suddenly started to clap). 帷幕降下时，观众中突然响起 热烈的掌声。 [OBJ] tears, flames, laughter, life -> see also BURST IN (ON SB/STH), BURST INTO STH ♦ v + prep burst on/onto sth (also 'burst upon sth more formal) to appear somewhere suddenly in a dramatic or unusual way 突然显现；突然 在...出现: A major new talent has burst on/onto the tennis scene. 一名能力出众的新秀在网球界 突然崭露头角。 [OBJ] scene ♦ v + prep burst 'out to say sth suddenly, loudly and with strong feeling 突然激动地喊叫："I hate you!" she burst out. “ 我恨你！" 她大声喊道。 SYN exclaim (formal) -> see also BURST OUT DOING STH ♦ v + adv + speech ► outburst n a sudden strong expression of an emotion; a sudden increase in an attitude or an activity (感情的) 迸发； (态度 的) 激化；(活动的) 激增：an outburst of anger/laughter 勃然大怒 / 哄然大笑 ◊ sporadic outbursts of violence 零星的暴力事件 ◊ She apologized for her outburst. 她为自己情绪失控 道歉。 burst out; burst out of sth to leave a room, a building, etc. suddenly and noisily 闯 出; 突然跑出：The door opened suddenly and a man burst out of the house. 门突然打开，一名 男子从屋里冲了出去。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep burst out doing sth to begin doing sth suddenly 突然开始做某事：We looked at one another and burst out laughing. 我们相互瞧着 对方，突然大笑起来。 [OBJ] laughing, crying ♦ v + adv + -ing burst through； .burst through sth to move suddenly through a door, a barrier, etc. with great force 闯过；突破：The car drove fast up to the road block and burst through. 汽车快 速开到路障前，一下子冲了过去。 ◊ She burst through the door pursued by two men. 她突然 冲出门去，后面两名男子紧追不舍。 ◊ The sun burst through the clouds. 太阳破云而出。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep burst upon sth t burst on/onto sth bury bury /ˈberi/ (buries, burying, buried) bury yourself in sth 1 to go to or be in a place where you will not meet many people 去 (人迹罕至的地方)； 退隐于: He buried himself in the country to write a book. 他隐居乡间写 书。 2 to involve yourself in sth completely; to spend all your time thinking about or doing sth and ignore everything else 投身于； 潜心于： She buried herself in her work in an attempt to forget. 她一心工作， 试图忘掉往事。[OBJ] work, book ♦ v + pron + prep bust bust /bʌst/ (bust, bust or busted, busted) NOTE Bust is an informal way of saying break. bust是break 的非正式说法。 bust out； .bust out of sth； .bust sb out； .bust sb out of sth （informal) to escape from somewhere, usually prison; to help sb do this (帮助某人) 逃跑，越狱： His last movie was about a guy busting out of Alcatraz . 他的上一部电影讲述一名男子从阿尔卡 特拉斯岛越狱的故事。 ◊ His friends busted him out of jail. 朋友们帮他逃出了监狱。 SYN break out, break out of sth (more formal) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv 十 prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ► bust-out n (informal): a prison bust-out 越狱 bust up (with sb) (BrE, informal) if a couple or two friends bust up, they have an argument and separate (夫妻、朋友) 分手， 散伙：They bust up after five years together. 他 们在一起五年后分道扬镳了。 ◊ I bust up with Tim a while ago. 不久前我和蒂姆分手了。 SYN break up (with sb); split up (with/from sb) ♦ v + adv ► bust-up n (BrE, informal) 1 (with sb) an argument 争吵；吵架：We had a huge bust-up and now we're not talking. 我们大吵了一顿， 现 在不说话了。2 the end of a relationship (关 系的) 结束，破裂 bust sth up (informal) 1 to end sth such as a meeting or a relationship by disturbing or ruining it 破坏 (集会、关系等)： The police busted up the meeting. 警察驱散了集会。 SYN break sth up （more formal） 2 (AmE) to injure, damage or break sth 伤害；损坏；拆散： He busted up his knee in the accident. 他在事故中 伤了膝盖。 3 (AmE) to break a company or a larger organization into smaller parts 拆分 (公司或机构) [OBJ] company SYN break sth up (more formal) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron 十 adv bustle bustle / ˈbʌs(ə)l/ bustle about/around .bustle about/around sth (especially BrE) to move about somewhere in a busy or hurried way (在…或为…) 忙得团团转， 东奔西跑: She was already bustling about, getting dinner ready for the family. 她已经在忙着为家人准备 晚饭。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep butt butt /bʌt/ butt in (informal) 1 (on sb/sth) to rudely interrupt sb when they are speaking 插嘴； 打断： He apologized for butting in on our conversation. 他为打断了我们的谈话道歉。 ◊ 'His name's Terry, actually,' she butted in. “ 其实他叫特里。” 她插话道。SYN interrupt (sb/sth) (more formal) 2 to become involved in a situation that does not concern you 插手； 干涉：Stop butting in. It's nothing to do with you. 你甭管。 这事与你无关。 SYN interfere (with sth) (more formal) ♦ v + adv 1 also v + adv + speech butt out (informal, especially AmE) used to tell sb rudely to go away or not try to influence matters which do not concern them (粗鲁的说法) 滚开，别管闲事： Butt out! It's none of your business. 别多嘴多舌！这不关你 的事。 ♦ v + adv butter butter /bAta(r)/ butter sb 'up (informal to say nice things about sb because you want them to do sth for you or give you sth (以甜言蜜语) 拍...的马 屁，讨好，巴结：we'd better butter him up a bit before we ask for his help. 我们最好先给他戴个 高帽, 再求他帮忙。 SYN soften sb up ♦ v + n/pron + adv • v + adv + n button button /bʌtn/ button up (AmE, informal) to stop talking suddenly, often because you have said too much already (常指因为讲话过多) 突然住 口，闭上嘴： She was giggling with her friends, when the teacher told them to button up. 她正 与朋友们咯咯说笑，老师要他们闭嘴。 ♦ v + adv button up; .button sb/sth up to be fas- tened with buttons; to fasten sth with buttons 扣上纽扣； 给…系上纽扣： He buttoned up his coat 他扣好了外衣的纽扣。 [OBJ] coat, jacket, etc.SYN do up, do sth up OPP unbutton, unbutton sth NOTE Button and button sth are also used on their own. * button 和 button sth 也单独使用。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► button-up n (AmE, informal) a shin that closes using buttons 带纽扣的衬衫 ► buttoned- up odj 1 [usually before noun] not showing or expressing your feelings openly; not very friendly 不露声色的； 沉默寡 言的；冷淡的： his buttoned-up calmness 他的镇 静从容 2 (AmE) very formal in appearance; traditional rather than new or exciting 一本正 经的；正襟危坐的；古板无趣的 button sth up (AmE, informal) to finish dealing with the final parts or details of sth complicated 处理…的遗留问题；了结： She went home for the funeral and to button up her father's financial affairs. 她回家参加葬礼，并计 划了结父亲的财务事宜。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n buy buy /baɪ/ (bought, bought /bɔːt/) buy sth 'back if sb buys sth back, they buy again sth that they have sold earlier to sb else 买回，购回 (售出物品)： The bank will supply and buy back foreign currency. 银行将提供并向 购外汇。 ◊ He sold the car in 1949 for £400. To buy it back last year cost £31000. * 1949年他以 400 英镑卖掉这辆汽车，去年回购时花了 31000 英镑。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► buy-back n 1 the action of buying again sth that you have sold earlier 买回；购回： a book/an equipment buy-back (= when a shop/store or company buys back sth you have finished using) 书籍 / 设备的回购 2 (business) a form of borrowing money in which a company sells its shares with an agreement that it will buy them again at a later date 股份 回购 (公司在约定日后购回的前提下出售股份的 筹资方式)：a share buy-back 股份回购 ◊ a share buy-back programme 股份回购计划 buy in (in poker 扑克牌)to pay money for pieces of plastic which represent a particular value (called chips) in order to enter a game 购买筹码：Is anyone else buying in? 有其他人要 购买筹码吗？ ♦ v + adv ► buy-in n 1 (in poker 扑克牌)the amount paid to buy in 购买筹码的金额：a $50 buy-in 购 买 50 元的筹码 2 the fact of accepting an idea or product after being convinced by others that it is good (对某想法或产品的) 接受，相 信: It is important to get total Congressional buy-in from the beginning. 在开始阶段就获得国 会的完全赞同十分重要。 -> see also BUY INTO STH 3 (business') a situation where a group of people from outside a company buy more than 50% of its shares because they want to take over the management of the company (公司外部人士为取得公司管理权而购买50%以 上股份的) 收购，管理权收购 -> see also BUY INTO STH 4 (business) a situation where a com- pany buys its shares back from the people who own them 股份回购： The buy-in was part of the company's strategy to protect: itself against a hostile takeover. 股份回购是公司防 恶意收购的战略措施之一。 -> see also BUY INTO STH buy sth in (BrE) to buy sth or a large amount of sth for a special occasion or in order to have a supply for the future (为某场 合或保证未来供应) 大量买进，囤积: I'll have to buy in extra food if they're coming to stay for a while. 如果他们要来住上一段时间，我得额外多 买些食品。 [OBJ] food ♦v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv buy into sth 1 (business) to buy shares in a company, especially to gain control over it (尤指为取得控股权) 购买…的公司股份： They are looking to buy into another insurance company. 他们正寻机购买另一家保险公司的股 份以取得控股权。[OBJ] company, business -> see also BUY-IN AT BUY IN 2 (business) to invest in sth 投资于：The broker advised its clients to buy into the stock. 经纪人建议客户购入股票。3 to accept sth that many other people believe 从众；随大溜：We don't buy into the myth that money is the answer to everything. 我不会人 云亦云地相信金钱万能的神话。 -> see also BUY-IN at BUY IN ♦ v + prep buy sb off to pay sb to stop them acting against you, causing trouble for you, etc. 收 买，贿赂 (某人不做某事)：They had to buy Brennan off to stop him from talking. 他们不得 不花钱封住布伦南的口。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n buy sb/yourself out; buy sb/yourself out of sth (BrE) to pay money so that sb/you can leave an organization, especially the armed forces, before the time agreed (为 提前退役、离职等) 支付补偿金 ：After four years in the navy I bought myself out. 在海军服役四 年后，我付了补偿金提前退伍了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep buy sb/sth out to buy part of a company, business, etc. from sb else so that you own all of it and control it (为获得全部股份) 购 买...的股份： I want to buy her out and have the house to myself. 我想买下她名下的那部分产 权，独自拥有这幢点子。◊ The company was bought out by two German businessmen. 公司 的全部股份都被两个德国商人买下了。 [OBJ] partner, company ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► buyout n (finance} a situation when sb buys enough shares in a company to gain control of it (购买足够股份以获得控股权的) 公司收购，控股收购 buy 'round (informal, business) to buy goods directly from the manufacturer (从制 造商处) 直接购买 ♦ v + adv buy sth up to buy quickly all of sth or as much as you can 全部买下；尽量买进：They've bought up all the land in the area. 他们收购了 这个地区的全部土地。 [OBJ] company, land, property ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) buzz buzz /bʌz/ buzz around; buzz a round sth (also buzz about/round, .buzz about/round sth especially BrE) to move around quickly and actively (在...或为…) 忙得团团转，跑东跑西: She buzzed round (the kitchen). 她 (在厨 房) 忙得团团转。 ◊ The photographer buzzed around, checking the light. 摄影师奔来跑去，忙 着检查灯光。◊ Questions buzzed round inside my head. 诸多疑问萦绕在我的心头。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep buzz sb down (informal) to cut sb's hair very short using an electric tool (clippers) (用电动理发推子) 剪短...的头发： I asked the barber to buzz me down to zero. 我要求理发师 把我的头发剃光。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv buzz sb in, 'up, etc. (informal) to let sb enter a building by opening the door using an electronic device (打开门禁) 让..进来： It's Craig―can you buzz me in? 我是克雷格----可 以打开门让我进来吗？ ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv buzz off {informal) used to tell sb, not very politely, to go away (不太礼貌的说法) 滚 开，走开：Buzz off, I'm trying to work! 滚远 点，我正干活呢！ ◊ I wish he'd buzz off! 我希望 他走开！ SYN clear off; go away (more formal) ♦ v + adv buzz 'round, etc. (especially BrE) -> BUZZ AROUND, ETC. calculate calculate/ˈkælkjuleɪt/ calculate on sth; calculate on doing sth （especially AmE） to depend or rely on sth happening or being true, especially as part of a plan （尤指作为计划的一部分）指望， 依赖，期待：The developers are calculating on consumers' desire for better and better technology. 开发人员寄希望于消费者会需要越 来越好的技术。 SYN bank on sb/sth, etc.; count on sb/sth, etc.; reckon on sb/sth, etc. -> note at DEPEND ON SB/STH ♦ v + prep call call /kɔːl/ NOTE To call is the most common way to say 'to telephone, in American English. It is also used in British English, but to phone and to ring are more common. * to call 是美国英语表 示打电话的最常见说法。它也用于英国英语，但 to phone 和 to ring 更常见。 call a round; call a round sb/sth （AmE） to telephone a number of different people, usually to try to get information 四处（给…） 打电话： He's been calling around trying to get the best price on a computer. 他正四下打电话， 想找到买计算机的最优价格。 ◊ I called around the neighbourhood to get support for my campaign. 我给左邻右舍打电话，请他们支持发 发起的活动。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep call sb away to ask sb to stop doing what they are doing and go somewhere else to deal with sth 把（某人）叫到别处去； 叫走（某人）： He was called away to the phone. 有人叫他去接 电话。 ◊ She was called away from the meeting to deal with an emergency. 她被叫出会场去处理 一件急事。 NOTE Almost always used in the passive. 几乎 总是用于被动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv call 'back （BrE） to visit sb again 再度拜访; 回访：I'll call back later when your wife's at home, 回头等您夫人在家，我再登门拜访。 ♦ v + adv call 'back; .call sb back to telephone sb again or to telephone sb who telephoned you earlier （给…）再打电话,回电话： Call back in an hour-----he'll be here then. 一个小时后再打电 话过来 ------那时他就回来了。 ◊ Kate phoned. Can you call her back? 凯特来电话了。你给她 回个电话好吗？ ◊ I'll call you back with the details later. 待会儿我再给你打电话，告诉你详 细情况。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► callback n 1 a device in a telephone that automatically calls again a number that was busy when you first called it （电话） 自动重 拨装置： a callback facility 自动重拔功能 2 a telephone call that you make to sb who has called you earlier 回电话 call sb 'back 1 to shout to sb to turn around and come back to a place they have just left 把…喊回来； 叫…回来： I ran off, but he called me back. 我撒腿就跑， 可他把我叫了回去。 ◊ we started to walk off but were called back by the police officer. 我们拔腿要走开，但是被警察喊了 回来。2 to ask sb who is applying for a job, etc. to return so that you can talk to them again 通知（求职者等）回来（ 再谈）：Three people were called back for a second interview. 通知了三个人来参加第二轮面试。 ♦v + n/pron + adv call by (informal, especially BrE） to visit a place or a person for a short time, usually when you are going somewhere else （顺道） 拜访，来访：Could you call by on your way home? 你回家途中顺便来小坐一会儿吧？ ◊ Jan called by to bring your gift. 简顺路把你的礼物 送来了。 SYN drop by -> note at VISIT WITH SB ♦ v + adv call sb down to shout to sb to ask them to come down from a place which is higher than you 把...喊下来；叫…下来：I've called him down （= to come downstairs） to breakfast already. 我已经喊过他下楼吃早餐了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv call sth down （on/upon sb） （literary） to ask God, etc. to make sth unpleasant happen to sb because of sth bad they have done to you; to make sth bad happen to sb 祈求（某人受到） 某惩罚； 使（某人）遭受...灾祸： He called down curses on them. 他诅咒他们。 [OBJ] curses, wrath ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv call for sb （BrE） to go to sb's home, for example, and take them or go with them somewhere （去某人家） 接（ 某人）：Shall I call for you at eight? 我八点钟过来接你好吗？ ♦ v + prep call for sth 1 if a situation calls for a par- ticular action or quality, it needs or requires it 需要，要求有（行动或品质）： This calls for a celebration! 这得庆贺一下！ ◊ What she's doing calls for great skill and courage. 她的工作需要 很高的技能和勇气。 ◊ Tougher action by the government is called for. 政府应该采取更加严厉 的行动。 2 （AmE） （of a weather forecast） to predict a particular type of weather （气象预 报）预报（会有某种天气）：The forecast today calls for mostly sunny conditions with a light wind. 天气预报说今天以晴天为主，有微风。 ♦ v + prep ► un called for odj ( of remarks or behaviour 言辞或行为) not fair or necessary in the circumstances 不公正的； 多此一举的：I shall ignore that uncalled-for remark. 我不会理睬那 句不负责任的话。 call for sth; call for sb/sth to do sth to demand publicly that sth should be done (公开) 要求；向...呼吁：The group has called for a boycott of the elections. 该团体号召抵制选 举。 ◊ The other directors have called for him to resign. 其他董事已要求他辞职。 ◊ A total ban on nuclear weapons has been called for. 人们呼吁 全面禁止核底器。 -> note at ASK FOR STH ♦ v + prep ♦ v + prep + n/pron + to +inf call sth forth (formal) to produce a particu- lar reaction 激起，导致 (反应)： Her remarks have called forth harsh criticism in the media. 她的话招致媒体的严厉批评。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) call in 1 [+ adv/prep] (especially BrE) to visit a place or a person for a short time, usually when you are going somewhere else ( 顺道短 暂) 拜访，来访: He called in at the office before he left for London. 他去伦敦前来了趟办公室。 ◊ She often calls in for a chat. 她经常顺路进来聊 会儿天。SYN drop in (on sb/at...) (informal) 2 to telephone the place where you work 打 电话到 (工作单位)：She called in sick this morning (= telephoned to say that she was ill/sick and would not be coming to work). 她今天早晨打电话请了病假。 3 to make a tele- phone call to a radio or television programme 打电话到 (广播或电视节目)： Many listeners called in to complain. 很多听众打电话来投诉。 ♦ v + adv ► call-in n (AmE) a television or radio show in which people can phone to talk to people on the show, ask questions, give their opinions, etc. (电视或广播的) 电话接入节目： a call-in show 观众 (或听众) 热线节目 call sb 'in to ask sb to come and help, give advice, repair sth, etc. 召来，请来 (某人来提 供建议、帮助维修等) : He's threatened to call in the police. 他威胁要叫警察。 ◊ you'll have to call a plumber in to look at this. 你得请水暖工 过来瞧瞧。 ◊ Bomb disposal experts were called in to get rid of the device. 请来了拆弹专家拆除 这个装置。 [OBJ] police, expert SYN send for sb ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv call sth in (BrE) 1 to order or request the return of a product that has a fault 召回 (有问题的产品)：The manufacturers have called in the faulty goods. 制造商已召回次品。 SYN recall sth (more formal) 2 to request the return of sth that you have given or lent to sb 要求归还；要求付清： The bank called in the loan (= asked for the money to be paid back immediately). 银行要求立前还清贷款。 ◊ It was the first time Brad had called in a favour (= asked sb for a favour whom he had previously helped). 向自己曾经帮助过的人 开口求助，这在布拉德还是第一次。[OBJ] loan, favour ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv call sb/sth off to order soldiers, dogs, etc. co stop attacking sb, searching for sb/sth, etc. 喊走 (攻击人的狗等)； 撤走 (搜查的士兵等)： Please call your dog off. 请把你的狗叫走。 [OBJ] dog ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n call sth 'off to cancel or abandon sth that has been planned or that has already started 取消；放弃： The meeting was called off at the last minute. 会议临到最后取消了。 ◊ They've called off their engagement (= they have decided not to get married). 他们已经解除 婚约。 ◊ Police called off the search for the climbers at dusk. 黄昏时分， 警方停止了对登山 者的搜救。 [OBJ] match/game, engagement/wedding, deal, search, strike ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv call on sb 1 (especially BrE) to visit sb for a short time (短暂) 拜访， 探望： On our way back, we called on grandma. 在回去的路上， 我们去看望了奶奶。SYN drop in (on sb/at ...) 2 (AmE) to ask sb in a class, etc. to answer a question or give their opinion 请 (上课的学生 等) 回答提问 (或发表意见)： The math teacher always calls on the boys. 数学老师总是要男生 发言。 ♦v + prep call on/upon sth (formal) to use your strength, courage, etc. in order to achieve sth or deal with a problem 用 (力气)； 鼓起 (勇 气)：She had to call on all her reserves of courage to face the ordeaL 她不得不鼓足全部勇 气，直面这一严峻考验。 [OBJ] strength, courage ♦ v + prep call on/upon sb to do sth (formal) 1 to make a serious or urgent request to sb to do sth 恳请；请求；呼吁： I'm available in case Pm called on to help. 如需帮忙，我随叫随到。 ◊ We call upon all parties to respect the results of the election. 我们呼吁所有党派尊重选举结果。 2 to formally invite or request sb to speak, etc. 恭 请， 邀请 ( 某人发言等 )： I now call upon Mr Spring to give the vote of thanks. 现在请斯普林 先生致答谢辞。 NOTE Call on/upon sb to do sth can be used in the passive * call on / upon sb to do sth 可用于 被动语态： I was called on to make a speech. 我 应邀发表了讲话。 ♦ v + prep + n/pron + to +inf call out (AmE) to telephone to say that you are ill/sick and will not be coming to work 打 电话请病假： If you always call out on Mondays it looks suspicious. 如果你老是星期一打电话请 病假，会显得很可疑。 ♦ v + adv call out (to sb), call sth 'out (to sb) to shout or say sth loudly in order to get sb's attention or help (对某人) 呼喊，喊： He called out to her, but she carried on walking. 他 大声叫她，但她还是继续走。 ◊ He woke in the night, calling out her name. 他夜里醒来，呼唤 着她的名字。 ◊ They called out the numbers of the winning tickets. 他们高声宣读中奖的券号。 [OBJ] name [OBJ] shout out (to sb), shout sth out (to sb) NOTE Call and call sth can be used on their own with a similar meaning, but call out/call sth out suggests sth louder or more urgent. * call 和 call sth 可单独使用，也作相近含义，但 call out 和 call sth out 含大声和迫切之意。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + adv + speech call sb 'out 1 to ask sb to come to help you, when there is an emergency (紧急时) 召唤某 人 (帮助): I've never had to call the doctor out at night before. 我以前从来没有在夜里请过医 生。 ◊ We had to call out an electrician. 我们不 得不叫电工过来。 ◊ Troops were called out co deal with the riot. 已调集部队前往平息骚乱。 [OBJ] doctor, fire brigade, electrician 2 to order or ask workers to stop work as a protest 命令罢工；通知罢工： Miners were called out on strike by union leaders. 工会领导人号召矿工罢 工。 3 (for sth) (AmE) to criticize sb's actions 批评；指责：Critics are calling the company out for releasing such shabby software. 评论家抨击 该公司发布了 如此蹩脚的软件。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► call-out n (BrE) an occasion when you ask sb to come to help you in an emergency (紧 急) 求助： ambulance call-outs 叫救护车 ◊ How much is the plumber's call-out charge? 请水暖 工上门需要多少钱？ NOTE The noun call is also used. 也可使用名 词 call。 call out for sth (AmE) to telephone a shop/store, restaurant, etc. to ask them to deliver food to you at home or at work （打电 话）叫…外卖: Let's call out for pizza. 我们打电 话要外卖比萨吧。 SYN send out for sth ♦ v + adv + prep call sb over to call sb to come over to where you are, because you want to speak to them, give or show them sth, etc. 叫...过来； 让…过来： Call the waiter over. 把服务员叫 过来。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （rare） call round （BrE) to visit sb at their home for a short time （到别人家里短暂地）拜访，探访: I just called round to say hello. 我只是过来打个 招呼。 SYN drop round ♦ v + adv call up; .call sb/sth up （especially AmE） to make a phone call to a person or a place 打 电话（给某人或到某处）：Call up and make a reservation for eight o'clock. 打电话去预订八点 钟的位子。 ◊ She called him up from the bus station. 她从公共汽车站给他打了电话。 ◊ Call up the office and ask for Mr Morgan. 打电话到 办公室，找摩根先生。 NOTE Call and call sb are also frequently used on their own with this meaning. Call up and call sb up are very common in spoken English. ♦ call和call sb 常单独使用也作此义。call up 和 call sb up 常见于英语口语。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n call sb up 1 to officially ask sb to go to do training in the army, navy or air force or to fight in a war 征召（服役或参战）：When the war began, he was too old to be called up. 战争爆发时，他已超过应征入伍的年龄。 SYN conscript sb （especially BrE）, draft sb （AmE） 2 （especially BrE） to ask sb to join sth or take part in sth; to choose sb to play in a team 选 入，征调（运动员等）：He's been called up for next week's match. 他已入选参加下周的比赛。 3 （AmE） （in baseball 棒球）to bring a player from a minor league team onto a major league team 将（小联盟球队队员）选入大联盟 球队：They called him up last Tuesday, and hell be on the mound tonight. 上周二他们将他召入 大联盟球队，今晚他将作为投手上场。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► call-up n 1 an official order to join the army, navy or air force 征召令； 征兵令：call-up papers/camps 征召令 / 征兵营 2 （especially BrE, sport） an official invitation to play in a team or in a particular game （运动员）征调函，选 调函 call sth up 1 (computing） to obtain informa- tion that is stored on a computer （从计算机 中）调出，调用：She called up all the files he had worked on. 她调出他处理过的所看文件。 [OBJ] file, information 2 to bring sth back to your mind; to make you remember and think about sth 使忆起；使想起：The sound of their laughter called up memories of his own childhood. 他们的欢笑声唤起了他的童年记忆。 [OBJ] memory SYN recall sth （formal） 3 to use a quality that you have 利用. 发挥（品质）： He called up all his reserves of courage. 他鼓足 了勇气。 [OBJ] reserves ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv call upon sth, etc. -> CALL ON/UPON STH, ETC. SYNONYMS同义词辨析 call sb up call (sb) up ♦ give sb a call ♦ give sb a ring ♦ phone (sb) up ♦ ring (sb) up ♦ telephone (sb) These verbs all mean to make a telephone call to sb. 这些动词都表示给人打电话。 call (sb) up (especially AmE) to make a telephone call to sb (给某人) 打电话：I called him up and asked him how he was doing. 我给他打了电话，问他近况如何。 NOTE Call can be used on its own * call 可单 独使用：My brother called me from Germany last night 我哥哥昨晚从德国给我打来了 电话。 give sb a call (not formal) to make a tel叩hone call to sb 打电话给某人：If you need any help, please give me a call. 如需帮 助，请给我打电话。 give sb a ring (BrE, informal) to make a telephone call to sb 打电话给某人：I'll give you a ring tomorrow. 我明天给你打电话。 phone (sb) up (BrE, not formal) to make a telephone call to sb (给某人) 打电话: I was just phoning up for a chat. 我只是打个电话聊 聊天。NOTE Phone can be used on its own * phone 可单独使用：My brother phoned me from Germany last night, 我哥哥昨晚从德国给 我打来了电话。 ring (sb) up (BrE, not formal) to make a telephone call to sb (给某人) 打电话：she rang me up to say she'd be late. 她给我打来电 话说她会晚点儿到。NOTE Ring can be used on its own * ring 可单独使用： I'll ring you later. 我过会儿给你打电话。 telephone (sb) (especially BrE, format) to make a telephone call to sb (给某人) 打电话： Please write or telephone for details. 请来函来 电了解详情。 ◊ I was about to telephone the police. 我正要打电话报警。 WHICH WORD? Ring and phone are the most frequent verbs in this group in spoken British English, but they are not used in American English. Gill is usually preferred when asking sb/sth to come to a place 在英国英语口语中，ring 和 phone 在 这组动词中最常见，但美国英语中不用于此义。 call 通常用于表示要某人或某物来某处: to call the police/fire brigade 打电话报警 / 报火警. You can call, ring or phone a person, place or institution, but you must call or ring/phone for a cab/a taxi/an ambulance. Give sb a call/ring is used most frequently when you are telling people to telephone you, or saying that you will telephone them. Call up, ring up, etc. are never used with this meaning. 打电话给某人、 到某处或某机构，可用 call, ring 或phone, 但 打电话叫出租车或救护车，须用 call for 或ring/ phone for。 让别人打电话来，或告诉别人会打电 话去时，give sb a call/ring 最常见，call up、 ring up 等从不用作此义。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to call sb (up)ring sb (up)/phone sb (up)/telephone sb about sth ■ to call/ring/phone/telephone for a taxi/an ambulance/a doctor ■ to call/ring/phone/telephone the doctor/fire brigade/police ■ to call (up)/ring (up)/phone (up)telephone for details/information Calm Calm / kɑːm/ cairn down; calm sb/yourself down if sb calms down, or you calm them down, they stop being angry or excited and become calm （使）镇静下来，安静下来：Calm, down! I've said I'm sorry. 别生气了！ 我说过对不起了。 ◊ There was nothing we could do to calm her down. 我们无法让她平静下来。 ◊ He went for a walk to calm himself down. 他出去散步，好让 自己的情绪平复下来。 ◊ Jack was so shocked that he had to be calmed down by his wife and son。 杰克惊呆了，他的妻儿不得不过来安抚他。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n calm down; calm sth down to become calmer; to make a situation calmer 平静下 来；使（局势）趋于平静：The whole fuss will have calmed down by tomorrow. 这一切忙乱到 明天就会平息下来。 ◊ I've spoken to them to try to calm things down a bit. 我告诉过他们要想办 法缓和一下事态。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n camp camp /kæmp/ camp out (informal） to sleep outside, usually in a tent; to sleep on the floor some- where for a short time 露宿；露营；（暂时） 睡地板：If there is nowhere to stay, we'll have to camp out. 如果无处过夜. 我们只能露宿。 ◊ People camped out in the school hall to escape the floodwater. 人们暂时在学校礼堂睡地铺，以 躲避洪水。 ♦ v + adv ► campout n （AmE） a time when people sleep outside in a tent 露营；宿营；野营 camp it up （BrE, informal） to behave in a very exaggerated manner, especially to attract attention to yourself or to make people laugh 过分做作、装模作样（尤指以引人注目或逗人发 笑为目的）：He enjoys camping it up. 他喜欢哗 众取宠。 ◊ I really camped it up in the final scene. 在最后一幕我的表演确实有些过火。 ♦ v + it + adv Cancel Cancel /ˈkæns(ə)l/ （-II-, AmE -I ） cancel out; cancel sth out if two or more things cancel out or one cancels out the other, they are equally important, but have an opposite effect on a situation so that the situation does not change 抵消；对消：The gains and losses are expected to cancel out. 预 计得失参半。◊ Our expenditure and profits cancel each other out. 我们的开支和盈利相互 抵消。◊ The job is hard work, but this is can- celled out by the fact that the people are so nice. 虽然工作很辛苦，因为大家都很友善，这也就算 不了什么了。 -> note at MAKE UP FOR STH ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n Cannon Cannon /ˈkænən/ cannon 'into sb/sth (of a moving person, vehicle, etc. 移动中的人、车辆等) to hit sb/sth by accident and with great force 猛撞；狠撞: She stopped suddenly and I almost cannoned into her. 她突然停下来，我差点撞上她。 ♦ v + prep cannon 'off sb/sth if sth moving cannons off sb/sth, it hits them/it by accident and with great force and then goes off in a different direction (移动中的物体) 撞上…后弹开： The ball cannoned off his leg into the goal 球碰到 他的腿，弹入球门。 ♦ v + prep capitalize (BrE also capitalise) /ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz/ capitalize on sth (also capitalize upon sth less frequent, more formal) to use sth to gain further advantage for yourself 利用；凭借: They capitalized on their success by raising prices. 他们借着成功的势头提了价。 ◊ The opposition tried to capitalize on popular discontent over the new law. 反对党试图利用公 众对新法律的不满情绪。 [OBJ] success, opportunity, potential SYN take advantage of sth ♦ v + prep care care /keə(r); AmE ker/ care for sb to like or love sb 喜欢；爱：I care deeply for you. 我深深地爱着你。 ◊ I just want to be loved and cared for by somebody. 我只是 想有人爱我，在乎我。 ♦ v + prep IDM would you care for ... (formal) used to ask sb if they would like sth to eat or drink 您 想来点 (食品或饮料) 吗?: Would you care for a cup of tea? 您想喝杯茶吗？ care for sb/sth 1 to take care of and be responsible for sb who is very young, old or sick, etc. or for sth that is in danger or could be damaged 照顾；照护；照管：The nurses give advice to the patients and those who care for them. 护士给病人和陪护人员提供建议。 ◊ She cares for several children with special needs. 她 照看几个需要特别护理的孩子。 ◊ The company is committed to caring for the environment. 公 司致力保护环境。◊ The children were all clean and well cared for. 孩子们都干干净净，受到了 精心照料。(OBJ) children, the sick, the elderly -> see also LOOK AFTER SB/STH/YOURSELF; LOOK AFTER STH 2 not care for sb/sth (formal) to not like sb/sth very much 不太喜欢：I don't care for opera. 我不美喜欢歌剧。 ♦ v + prep ► un cared for adj not looked after 无人照看 的；被忽视的：The children looked dirty and uncared for. 孩子们看上去脏兮兮的，没人照 料。 ◊ uncared-for gardens 疏于管理的园子 SYNONYMS同义词辨析 care for sb attend to sb/sth ♦ care for sb ♦ look after sb/yourself ♦ take care of sb ♦ tend to sb These verbs all mean to be responsible for sb's health or safety, especially by giving them everything they need. 这些动词都表示照顾、 照料、看护。 attend to sb/sth (formal) to look after sb/sth and make sure they have everything they need 照顾；护理：A nurse attended to his needs constantly. 一位护士随时照看他的 需要。 care for sb to look after sb because they are seriously ill, injured or very old, and to make sure they have what they need 照顾，照料 (重病人、伤员或老人)： He gave up work to care for his wife. 为照顾妻子他辞去了工作。 look after sb/yourself (especially BrE) to be responsible for sb's general health and happiness, especially because they are ill, injured, very young or old 照顾，如料 (尤指 病人、伤员、幼童或老人)： Who's going to look after the children while you're away? 你 不在时谁来照看小孩？ ◊ Don't worry about me---I can look after myself. 别担心我----我 能照料我自己。 take care of sb to look after sb 照顾；照料； 关心：Who's taking care of the children while you're away? 你不在时谁来照看小孩？ tend to sb to look after ill or injured people 照管，照料，护理 (病人或伤员)： crews were tending to the injured. 救护车上的 医护人员正在照料伤者。 NOTE Tend can be used on its own, and is also used for animals and plants * tend 可单独使用，也用于动植物： Doctors and nurses tended the injured. 医生和 护士照料伤者。 ◊ They helped the farmers tend their cattle. 他们帮农民照看牛。 WHICH WORD? People often look after sb for a short time, while they are ill, or while the person who usually takes care of them is away. Take care of sb can be used in the same way, and in American English it is more frequent than look after sb . Both of these, but especially take care of sb, can suggest a feeling of love and care for the person, not just a position of responsibility. Caring for sb is more often a long-term, full-time occupation. * look after sb 常指短期照料病人或代人照看。take care of sb 用法相同，在美国英语中比 look after sb 更常 见。这两个动词短语，特别是 take care of sb, 含有对人的关爱和关心之意，而不仅仅指负有责 任。caring for sb 多指长期、全职的工作。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to look after/take care of/care for/tend (to) the sick ■ to look after/take care of/care for the children/the elderly/an elderly relative ■ to look after/take care of yourself ■ to tend/attend to a wound carry carry /'kæri/ (carries, carrying, carried) carry sth around (also .carry sth a1 bout/ round especially BrE) (with you) to take sth from one place to another; to take sth every- where with you 将…带在身边；随身携带：I don't want to carry this bag about with me all day. 我不想成天提着这只包到处走。 ◊ The MP3 player is light enough to carry around in your pocket. * MP3播放器很轻，可以放在口袋里随 身携带。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n carry sb/sth a long to take or move sb/sth forward 把...往前带；把...往前推： His body had been carried along by the river. 他的尸身随河 水漂流。 ◊ The crowd was so thick that she was carried along with it. 人群挤得水泄不通， 她只能随着人流往前移动。 ◊ (figurative) His immense enthusiasm carried us all along. 他表 现出的极大热情深深感染了我们。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv carry sb/sth a'way/'off to support the weight of sb/sth and take them/it away 把… 抬走；把…冲走： A strong current carried the dinghy away. 一阵激流卷走了小艇。 ♦ v+ n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n be/get .carried a way to be so excited and enthusiastic about sth that you lose control of your feelings and may behave in a silly way or without thinking (因激动或兴奋) 失去自制， 忘乎所以：I got so carried away with shopping that I completely forgot the time. 我疯狂购物， 完全忘记了时间。 ◊ Don't get carried away—it's not that exciting. 别兴奋得失态了 ----没那么 令人激动。 ♦ be/get + v + adv carry sb back (to sth) to remind sb of sth that happened in the past 使回想起来；使 陷入回忆：The song carried her back to her childhood. 这首歌令她回想起自己的童年。 SYN take sb back (to sth) ♦ v + n/pron + adv carry sth forward 1 (also .carry sth over) (finance) to move a total sum of money, or a total amount, from one page or column to the next, or from one week or year to the next 将 (金额或总量) 转入 (次页或次栏)； 结转到 (下期): The figures were carried forward from the previous page. 这些数字是从前页结转 而来的。SYN bring sth forward NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语态。2 to help sth to make progress or succeed 推进； 促成：She will carry the project forward after I leave. 我离开后，她将接手这个项目。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n carry sb off 1 if a disease carries sb off, they die as a result of it (疾病) 致...死亡， 夺 去...的生命： She was carried off by the epidemic. 她死于那场流行病。2 to capture sb 抓获；俘获: The enemy carried off many prisoners. 敌人抓 了很多俘虏。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n carry sb/sth off t carry sb/sth away/off carry sth off 1 to win sth 赢得；获得：She carried off most of the prizes. 她赢得了大多数奖 项。2 to succeed in doing sth difficult; to deal with a difficult situation successfully 成功地应 对；轻而易举地处理： She's the only person I know who can wear a dress like that and carry it off! 穿着那样的裙子又若无其事的，我认识的 人中只有她一个！ ♦ 1 v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n - adv (less frequent) ♦ 2 v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n carry on 1 (with sth) (also .carry 'on doing sth) (especially BrE) to continue doing sth or moving in a particular direction, without stopping 继续做；继续 (向…) 移动：Carry on working/with your work while I'm away. 我不 在的时候，你们接着干吧。 ◊ If she carries on shoplifting, she'll end up in jail. 她如果继续在 商店偷窃，免不了坐牢的下场。 ◊ She ignored me and carried on writing. 她没理我，继续写东 西。◊ I called out to him, but he carried on down the road. 我大声喊他，可他继续沿着路往 前走。SYN go on, go on doing sth -> see also CARRY STH ON 1 2 to manage to continue living or working in your usual way in spite of difficult or unpleasant circumstances 坚持如常 地生活 (或工作)：life carried on as usual after the fire. 火灾过后，生活依旧。 ◊ we're all going to carry on as if nothing has happened. 我们大 家要像什么事也没发生一样生活下去。SYN go on; continue 3 (with sth) to continue speaking or doing sth after a short pause (停顿之后) 继续讲话 (或做某事)： ’well' she carried on, 'then I realized where I'd met him before!9 “噢." 她接着说， “ 于是我想起以前在哪儿见 过他了 ！” ◊ Ted looked up briefly, then carried on with what he was doing. 特德抬头看了一 下，然后继续干他的活儿。SYN go on (with sth) 4 to last for a particular time 延续，持续 (一段时间)： How long can this situation carry on? 这种状况能持续多久？ SYN go on; last 5 (at sb) (about sth) (informal) to argue or complain noisily (向某人) (向某事) 吵闹， 大声抱怨：Stop carrying on about how hard your life is. 别再唠唠叨叨讲你的生活有多苦了。 ◊ How long are they going to be shouting and carrying on like that? 他们这么大吵大闹的还要 多长时间？ SYN go on (at sb) (about sth) 6 (with sb) (old-fashioned, informal) to have a sexual relationship with sb (与…) 有性关系: She's carrying on with her boss. 她和她的老板 有私情。 ♦ v + adv 1 also v + adv + -ing ♦ 3 also v + adv + speech ► carry-on n 1 [usually sing.] (BrE, informal) excited or noisy behaviour over sth that is not important 忙乱；吵吵闹闹；大惊小怪 2 (AmE) a small bag or case that you carry onto a plane with you (乘飞机的) 随身行李： I'm travelling light―I just have a carry-on. 我轻装 旅行 只有一件随身行李。 ◊ Do you have any carry-on luggage? 你有随身行李吗？ carry sth on 1 to continue sth, especially sth that sb else has begun 继续，承接，传承 (他人开始的事)：Our children will carry this tradition on after us. 我们的子孙会将我们的这 一传统传承下去。 -> see also CARRY ON 1 2 carry on sth to do the activity mentioned 从 事，开展 (活动)： We're trying to carry on a very important conversation! 我们正要进行一次 很重要的谈话呢！ ◊ They carried on a cor- respondence for over forty years. 他们之间的通 信续了四十多年。 ◊ to carry on a business/ trade 经营业务 / 生意 [OBJ] conversation, cor- respondence, business SYN conduct sth NOTE When the object of carry on is a noun, it comes after on, but when the object is a pro- noun, it comes between carry and on * carry on 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 on 之后； 但如果 是代词，应置于 carry 和 on 之间： It's hard to carry it on when your heart's no longer in it. 如 果心思不在上面，要进行下去是很困难的。 ♦ 1 v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ 2 v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv carry sth out 1 to do sth that you said you would do or that you have been asked to do 实施；履行；落实： to carry out a plan/a promise/an order 实施计划/ 兑现承诺/ 执行命 令 ◊ He had no intention of carrying out his threats 他无意将他的威胁付诸行动。 ◊ She had carried out all his instructions. 她执行了他的所 有指示。 [OBJ] threat, promise, order 2 to do and complete a task 完成，实现 (任务)：to carry out a survey/an investigation 进行民意测 验 / 调查 ◊ to carry out repairs/checks/tests 进 行维修 / 检查 / 测试 ◊ to carry out research 开 展研究 ◊ It is not yet clear who carried out the attack. 目前尚不清楚是谁发动的袭击。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) ► carry-out n 1 (AmE, ScotE) a meal that you buy cooked from a restaurant and take away to eat somewhere else (饭店的) 外卖，外带 食物：Let's get a carry-out 我们来份外卖吧。 2 (ScotE) alcohol that you buy at a pub and take away to drink somewhere else (酒吧 的) 外带酒 carry sth over 1 to delay sth until a later time 延期； 延迟：The game had to be carried over until Wednesday. 比赛不得不推迟至星期 三。 ◊ You can carry over 4 days' leave to next year. 你可以把4天的假挪到下一年休。SYN postpone sth 2 to keep sth from one situation and use or deal with it in a new situation 运 用； 应用：You should carry over what you learn in school into your everyday 你应该把学校 学到的知识运用到日常生活中。 3 -> CARRY STH FORWARD 1 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► carry-over n 1 (finance) a total sum of money or an amount that is moved to the next column/page/year, etc. 结转金额；结转数额 2 sth that is kept from one situation or time and used in another 留存物 carry sth round (with you) (especially BrE) -> CARRY STH AROUND (WITH YOU) carry through (on/with sth) (AmE) to do and finish what you have promised, agreed or arranged to do 履行，实现 (承诺、 约定 或安 排)： He convinced us that he would carry through with/on his promise. 他使我们相信他 会兑现自己的诺言。 ♦ v + adv carry sb through; .carry sb through sth to help sb to deal with a difficult period 帮助…渡过 (难关)：Her determination carried her through. 她靠毅力挺了过来。 ◊ His courage helped to carry them through the difficult times. 他的勇气鼓舞他们挺过了那段艰难的日子。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep carry sth 'through to finish a task, a plan, etc. successfully 成功完成；顺利实现：She was determined to carry through her plans. 她决心、 完成计划。 ◊ Once Helen has started a task, shell carry it through to the end. 海伦一旦开始 一项工作，就会把它做完。 [OBJ] plan, proposal, decision, reforms ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv Cart Cart /kɑːt; AmE kɑːrt/ cart sth a round (also .cart sth a1 bout/ round especially BrE) (with you) (informal) used to talk about carrying sth large, awkward or unimportant from one place to another or everywhere you go 带着 (笨重、不便或无关紧 要的东西) 到处走：I had to cart my shopping around with me all day. 我一整天到哪儿都得提 着买来的东西。 ◊ He carts all sorts of useless stuff about. 他带着各式各样没用的东西四处 奔走。 SYN carry sth around (with you) (more formal); lug sth around (with you) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cart sb/sth a'way/'off (informal) to take sb/sth away with some difficulty 强行带走； 费劲地送走：Two players were carted off to hospital. 好不容易才把两名运动员送到医院。 ◊ The police arrived and carted 40 rioters off to jail. 警察赶到，把40名聚众闹事者扭送到监狱。 SYN take sb/sth away （more formal) NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv carve carve /kɑːv; AmE kɑːrv/ carve sth out 1 (also .carve sth out of sth) (geology) to make a physical feature in the earth's surface over a long period of time through the action of water, ice, weather, etc. 形成 (地貌)：The valley was carved out by glaciers. 这片峡谷是冰川冲刷而成的。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语态。2 (for yourself) to build a successful career, a good reputation, etc., often with difficulty or hard work 开辟，闯出 (自己的路)；成就 (职 业生涯、声誉等)：She carved out a unique niche for herself in the music business. 她成就 了自己在音乐界的独特地位。 ◊ He's carved out a successful career in the building industry. 他在 建筑业事业有成。[OBJ] career, name, niche ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv 1 also v + n/pron + adv + prep carve sb/sth up (BrE, informal) 1 to wound sb or their face badly with a knife 用刀伤害 (人)；用刀划伤(脸) : He got carved up out- side the pub last night. 昨天夜里他在酒吧外面 被人用刀刺伤。 2 to go past a moving vehicle ahead of you and then suddenly move in front of it in a dangerous way 超车抢道；变道超车：I was carved up by a lunatic in a Porsche. 一个开 保时捷的疯子强行超车抢了我的车道。 ◊ We saw the van carve up several cars, before turning left. 我们看见小货车变道超了几辆车后向左拐弯 了。 [OBJ] person, car SYN cut sb/sth up (BrE) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n carve sth up to divide a company, an area of land, etc. into parts and share them out 划 分；分割；分享：They carved the territory up into three provinces. 他们把那片领土划为三个 省。 ◊ The thieves hurriedly carved up the loot. 窃贼匆忙瓜分了赃物。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► carve-up n [sing] (BrE, informal) the act of dividing sth up into parts and sharing them out 划分；瓜分；分享 cash cash /kæʃ/ cash in (on sth) (informal) to gain an advan- tage from a situation in a way that people think is wrong or dishonest 从市牟利；捞取好 处：Many businesses cashed in on the massive public interest in her death. 很多公司利用公众 对她去世的广泛关注来牟利。◊ The new law means video pirates can no longer cash in by selling illegal copies. 新法律意味着录像盗版者 不能再靠销售非法拷贝赚钱。 ♦ v + adv cash sth 'in to exchange sth for money 把… 兑成现金；将...兑现：Cash in any remaining travellers' cheques when you return. 回来后把 旅行支票余额兑现吧。 ◊ You will lose money if you cash your policy in early. 提前兑现保险单 会亏钱的。 [OBJ] shares, policy ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cash 'out (AmE) 1 to exchange sth such as an insurance policy, property or shares for money, often before you are supposed to do this (常指提前) 把 (保险单、不动产或股票) 兑成现金 (或套现)： With house prices still rising, many people are tempted to cash out while they can. 房价还在上涨，很多人想趁此 时机把房子售出变现。 2 (in poker, roulette, etc. 纸牌、轮盘赌等) to stop taking part in a game and exchange pieces of plastic which represent a particular value (called chips) for money 把筹码兑成现金：I actually won at the roulette table, so I cashed out and went home. 实际上我赌轮盘赢了，所以我把筹码兑换成现 金，打道回府。 3 -> CASH UP ♦ v + adv a cash-out n (AmE) the act of cashing out an insurance policy, property, etc. 兑成现金； 套现： cash-out refinancing mortgages 套现再融资按揭 cash up (BrE) (AmE .cash out) to count the money that has been taken in a shop/store, restaurant, etc. at the end of the day (商店、 饭店等每天营业结束时) 计算当天营业额：We cash up at five o'clock. 我们五点钟清点当天的收 款额。 ♦ v + adv cast cast /ka:st; AmE kaest/ (cast, cast) cast a'round (BrE also .cast about) (for sth) (formal to look around you to try to find sth; to try very hard to think of sth 四处寻觅；冥思 苦想：He cast about for an escape route. 他到处 寻找逃跑路线。◊ He was desperately casting around for an excuse. 他绞尽脑汁找借口。 ◊ The company is having to cast around feverishly for ways to cut its costs. 公司迫切需要找到一些降 低成本的途径。 ♦ v + adv cast sb/sth a side (formal) to get rid of or give no attention to sb/sth that you no longer want or need 抛弃；漠视：She just cast him aside when she got bored. 她觉得厌烦时就对 他不理不睬。 ◊ She has been able to cast aside (= stop using) her wheelchair. 她能丢开 轮椅了。 SYN discard sb/sth ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cast sth a'side (formal) 1 to throw sth to one side 把...丢在一边：He cast aside the news- paper impatiently. 他不耐烦地把报纸扔到一边。 2 to get rid of feelings, attitudes, etc. that are bad or negative, or that stop you achieving sth 摒弃，消除 (负面的感觉、态度等)： He cast aside all his inhibitions. 他抛开了一切禁忌。 ◊ The speakers cast modesty aside and talked about their success. 演讲者大言不惭地谈起他们 的成就。 SYN throw sth aside; toss sth aside (less format) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv be .cast a'way (on sth) to be left somewhere after your ship has been destroyed at sea (船 只失事后) 流落 (至某处)： What would you do if you were case away on a desert island? 如果 失事后漂流到荒岛上，你会怎么办？ ♦ be + v + adv ► castaway n a person whose ship has been destroyed and who has managed to swim to an island, etc. (船只失事后) 流落到海岛等处 的人 cast sth back (to sb/sth) to make yourself think about a particular time, a situation in the past, etc. 回忆； 回顾：I cast my mind back to our first meeting all those years ago. 我想起 多年前我们的初次见面。 [OBJ] only your mind ♦ v + n + adv cast sth down (literary) if you cast your eyes down, you look down 使 (眼睛) 向下看: She cast her eyes down modestly while Jack was talking about her. 杰克说到她的时候，她谦恭 地垂下目光。 [OBJ] only eyes SYN lower sth (Jess formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► downcast (also .cast down less frequent) adj literary) downcast eyes are looking down (眼睛) 向下看的 be .cast down (by sth) (formal) to be sad or unhappy about sth (因…) 沮丧， 不愉快： He is not easily cast down. 让他垂头丧气可不 容易。 ♦ be + v + adv ► downcast (also .cast down less frequent) odj (literary) sad or unhappy 沮丧的; 不愉快的： a downcast expression 锤头丧气的表情 ◊ He looked so downcast I took pity on him. 他失魂 落魄的样子让我很同情。 cast off .cast sth 'off 1 to undo the ropes that are holding a boat in position so that it can start to move 解缆放船；解缆开航 2 (in knitting 编织) to remove a row from the needle in a way that will make a finished edge 收针：When the scarf is the right length, cast off. 围巾织得长度合适就收针吧。[OBJ] stitches OPP cast on, cast sth on ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) cast sth off (formal) 1 to take off a piece of clothing and throw it to one side 脱下 (衣 服) 扔到一边：They cast off their clothes and jumped in the pool. 他们脱掉衣服， 跳进游泳 池。 [OBJ] jacket, shoes, clothes SYN take sth off (Jess formal) 2 to get rid of sth bad or sth that you do not like 摒弃； 消除 : She tried to cast off her upbringing. 她努方摆脱童年所受教 育的影响。 ◊ It's time to cast off those winter blues and burst into spring! 该丢掉那些冬天的 忧郁投入春天的怀抱了！ ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) ► cast-off (especially BrE) (AmE usually hand-me-down) n [usually pl.] a piece of clothing that the original owner no longer wants to wear 丢弃的衣物； 不再穿的衣物: She's fed up with wearing her sister's cast-offs. 老穿姐姐的旧衣服让她厌烦。 ► cast-off adj [only before noun] that the original owner no longer wants to wear or use (衣物) 丢弃的，不再穿的： cast-off clothing 丢 弃的衣物：不再穿的衣服 : ◊ cast-off plastic bags 丢弃的塑料袋 cast on .cast sth on (in knitting 编织)to make the first row on a needle 起针； 放针： Cast on and knit 10 rows. 起针，然后织 10 行。 [SUBJ] stitches OPP cast off, cast sth off ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) cast sb/sth 'out; cast sb/sth out of sth (formal) to drive sb away; to get rid of sb/sth, especially by using force 驱逐： 逐出： She was cast out: by society. 她被社会抛弃了。 ◊ He claimed to be able to cast out demons. 他自 称能驱魔。 ◊ The villagers had been cast out of their homes. 村民被赶出了家园。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ► outcast n a person who is not accepted by other people and who sometimes has to leave their home and friends 被冷落的人； 被排斥的 人：She felt like a social outcast. 她感觉像是被 社会抛弃了。 ◊ He was treated like an outcast by the other children. 他受到其他孩子的排斥。 ► outcast adj [only before noun] ignored or not accepted by other people 被降落的; 被遗 弃的； 被排斥的：outcast members of society 社 会弃儿 cast sb/sth 'up (on sth) (literary) 1 if the sea casts sb/sth up on the land, it carries them/it in and leaves them/it there (海水) 把...冲上 岸： A whale bone was cast up on the beach. 一 块鲸骨被冲到海滩上。SYN wash up, wash sth up (less formal) NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语态。 2 if you cast your eyes up, you look up 使 (眼睛) 向上看： She cast her eyes up to the ceiling and sighed. 她抬 头望着天花板， 叹了口气。[OBJ] only eyes ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n catch catch /kætʃ/ (caught, caught /kɔːt/) catch at sth/sb to try to get hold of sth quickly 试图抓住：She tried to catch at a branch but couldn't reach. 她想抓住树枝， 但是够 不着。 [OBJ] sb's hand/arm/sleeve SYN clutch at sb/sth; grasp at sth/sb ♦ v + prep catch on （informal) 1 (to sth) to understand sth; to realize the truth of sth 理解； 领会； 认 识到： He's very quick to catch on. 他领悟能力很 强。 ◊ The students soon caught on to the idea that phrasal verbs are not really difficult. 学生 们很快就明白了短语动词其实并不难。 ◊ People are catching on to the fact that he's a fraud. 人 们逐渐意识到他是个骗子。SYN cotton on (to sth) 2 (with sb) to become popular or fashion- able 受到欢迎； 变得时髦； 流行起来 it's a good idea, but it'll never catch on. 这是个好主意，但 是永远也不会受人欢迎。 ◊ Paying by credit card has only caught on recently here. 用信用卡付 账只是最近才在这里流行起来的。◊ 3-D films never caught on with a mass audience. 立体电 影从未真正卖座。 ♦ v + adv catch sb 'out 1 to trick sb into making a mistake or doing sth wrong; to discover that sb does not know much or is doing sth wrong 引诱…犯错误； 发觉…干错事； 发现…所知甚少: The test isn't designed to catch you out. It's to see how much you've learnt. 这个测验目的不是 要故意刁难你们. 而是想了解你们学到了多少东 西。 ◊ The interviewer may try to catch you out with trick questions. 面试官可能试图用刁钻的 问题来难倒你。 ◊ She reacted like a child caught out in a lie. 她的反应就像一个说谎被揪住的小 孩。2 (especially BrE) if a situation, bad wea- ther, etc. catches sb out, it surprises them and puts them into a difficult situation 使突陷 困境：The snow catches us out every year (= we are not prepared for it). 大雪每年都让我们猝不 及防。 ◊ Many investors were caught out by the collapse of the company. 众多投资者由于该公司 倒闭而突然陷入困境。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) catch up (with sb/sth) (BrE also .catch sb/sth up) 1 to reach sb/sth ahead of you by going faster than them/it 赶上， 追上 (前面的人或物): She was walking so fast I had to run to catch up (with her). 她走得很快，我必须跑着才 能跟得上她。 ◊ The police car finally caught up with the van. at the junction. 警车最后在交叉点 口撵上了那辆小货车。 2 to reach the same level or standard as sb/sth else that was better or more advanced 赶上， 达到 (水平或标准)： We need to catch up with our competitors in Europe. 我们得追上欧洲的竞争对手。 ◊ You'll have to work hard to catch up with the rest of the class. 你必须努力学习才能赶上班里其他同 学。 ◊ When I went back to school I found I had a lot of catching up to do. 回到学校后，我发现 有很多课需要补。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) ► catch-up n [U] the act of trying to reach the same level or standard as sb who is ahead of you 追赶； 赶上：catch-up history classes 历 史补习课 ◊ After our bad start to the season we were always playing catch-up (= trying to reach the same level as the others). 在本赛季 糟糕的开局之后， 我们一直在努力追赶。 catch 'up (with sth) 1 to spend extra time doing all the work, tasks, etc. that you should have done earlier 补做，赶做 (早该做的事)： I'm so behind with my paperwork, it's going to take me a week to catch up. 我落下了很多案头 工作，要花一周时间才能补完。 2 to find out about things that have happened 了解 (发生 的事情): Come and stay for a few days, so that we have a chance to catch up. 来住几天吧，这 样我们就有机会聊一聊最近的事情。 ◊ I want to catch up with all your news. 我想知道你的全部 近况。◊ we've got a lot of catching up to do after all this time. 这么长时间过后，我们有很多 情况要去了解。 -> see also CATCH UP ON STH ♦ v + adv catch sb up (on sth) (AmE) to tell sb about things that have happened 告诉某人 (发生的 事情)： You can catch me up on the news later, 过会儿你再告诉我新消息吧。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv catch sb/sth up (BrE) 1 -> CATCH UP ( WITH SB/STH ) 1: You go ahead. I'll catch you up. 你 先走， 我随后赶上。 ◊ She caught the leader up and then overtook her. 她追上了领先的选手并 超过了她。 2 -> CATCH UP (WITH SB/STH) 2： This company is the most likely to catch up the market leader. 这家公司最有可能赶上市场的主 导者。 ◊ She's training hard to catch her sister up. 她在刻苦训练，好赶上她的姐姐。 be/get caught up in sth 1 to become involved in an unpleasant event or situation that you cannot escape from 被卷入；陷入：A number of tourists got caught up in the riots. 一些游客亲入了那场暴乱。 ◊ children caught up in crime 牵涉到犯罪活动里的儿童 ◊ Sorry I'm late—I got caught up in a traffic jam. 抱歉我 来晚了——— 我遇到了塞车。 (OBJ) violence, war, events, traffic 2 to be completely absorbed in an activity, your own feelings, etc. 陷入（活 动、感情等）; 被迷住：She got caught up in the excitement and drama of the auction. 她完全 沉浸在拍卖的兴奋和剌激中。 ◊ I didn't hear you come in; I was so caught up in this book. 我没听见你进来；我光顾着看这本书了。 [OBJ] excitement, book ♦ be/get + v + adv + prep catch 'up on sb -> CATCH UP WITH SB 2: Old age is catching up on me. 岁月不饶人啊。 catch up on sth 1 to spend extra time doing all the work, tasks, etc. that you should have done earlier 补做，赶做（未做的事）：I've got a lot of work to catch up on. 我有许多工作 要补做。 ◊ 1 spent the weekend catching up on lost sleep. 我利用周末补上了觉。[OBJ] work, sleep 2 to find out about things that have happened 了解 （发生的事情）：It was good to see Patsy and catch up on all the gossip. 见到帕 齐并聊聊近况真不错。 -> see also CATCH UP （WITH STH） ♦ v + adv + prep catch up with sb 1 if the police or people in authority catch up with sb, they finally find out that he/she has done sth wrong and punish him/her 终于查到 （某人）； 终于 把（某人）绳之以法： They were involved in burglary for years before the police caught up with them. 警察最终抓住他们时， 他们已入室盗 窃好多年了。 2 （also .catch up on sb less frequent） if sth you have done or sth that has been happening to you catches up with you, it starts to cause you problems that you have so far managed to avoid 产生 （曾经设法回避 的） 问题： His past is finally catching up with him. 他的过去终于让他吃到了苦头。 ◊ The late nights were beginning to catch up with her. 熬夜的习惯开始让她品尝恶果了。 3 (informal) to meet sb you have not seen for a while and hear their news （小别之后）了解 （某 人） 的近况： He just wants to rest and catch up with old friends. 他只想休息一下， 找老朋友叙 叙旧。◊ Catch up with you later! 回头找你聊 聊！◊ We've got a lot of catching up to do after all this time! 过了么久，我们有很多话 要说！ [OBJ] friends ♦ v + adv + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 catch up (with sb/sth) ' catch up (with sb/sth) ♦ draw level (with sb/sth) ♦ get to sth ♦ reach sb/sth These verbs all mean to arrive at a particular place or point. 这些动词都表示赶上、 追上、 到达。 catch up (with sb/sth) to reach sb/sth that is ahead of you by going faster 赶上； 追上： You go on ahead. I'll catch up with you. 你先走， 我会赶上你。 ◊ The car behind us was catching Up. 我们后面的车快跟上来了。NOTE Catch sb up can also be used in British English 英 国英语中也说 catch sb up: I eventually caught her up and managed to talk to her. 我最后追 上了她， 总算和她说上了话。 draw level (with sb/sth) to reach the same level as sb and move forward at the same speed 并排同速前行: She drew level with the police car. 她与警车并排行驶。 get to sth to arrive at a particular place or point after travelling there 到达；抵达：We got to San Diego at 7 o'clock. 我们 7 点到达圣 迭戈。 reach sb/sth to arrive at a place after travelling to it 到达；抵达： We didn't reach the border until after dark. 天黑之后我们才到 达边境。 ◊ I hope this letter reaches you. 我希 望你能收到这封信。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to eventually/finally get to/reach/catch up with/draw level with sb/sth ■ to soon/quickly get to/reach/catch up with (sth) ■ to get to/reach your destination cater cater /ˈkeɪtə(r)/ cater for sb/sth to provide everything that sb, a group of people or a situation needs or wants 提供...所需： 专为...而设： The careers service caters for the needs of young people and adults, 就业服务特别为青少年和成年人而设。 ◊ The resort also caters for winter sports. 这个度 假胜地也适合进行冬季运动。 ◊ All age groups are well catered for. 所有年龄段的人都得到了悉 心照料。 [OBJ] needs, children, interests ♦ v + prep cater to sb/sth to provide sth that satisfies what a particular type of person wants 迎合 （某种） 需要； 满足（ 某类人） 的所想： Endless media coverage catered to the public's interest in the scandal. 没完没了的媒体报道投合了公众 对这一丑闻的好奇心。 ◊ Their every need was catered to. 对待他们是有求必应。 ♦ v + prep cave cave /keɪv/ cave in 1 （on sb/sth） if a roof, wall, etc. caves in, it falls down and towards the centre （房顶、墙壁等） 塌落， 塌陷， 坍塌: The roof of the tunnel caved in on the workmen. 隧道顶部 塌方，压住了作业人员。[SUBJ] wall -> note at FALL DOWN 2 （to sth） to finally do what sb wants you to do after you have resisted for a long time 让步； 屈服； 屈从： The management refused to cave in to their demands. 资方拒绝接 受他们的要求。 ◊ Under his fierce questioning she caved in and told him the truth. 在他 严厉质问下，她招架不住，告诉了他真相。[OBJ] demands, pressure ♦ v + adv ► cave-in n 1 the fact of a roof, wall, etc. caving in （房顶、墙壁等）塌落，塌陷，坍塌： For the people inside the tunnel there was a serious risk of flooding or a cave-in. 隧道里的人 面临透水或塌方的巨大危险。 2 an instance of agreeing under pressure to do sth you do not want to do 让步；屈服；屈从 center @@@LINK=Centre Centre Centre （AmE ˈsentər） /ˈsentə（r）/ centre around sb/sth; 'centre sth around sb/sth （BrE also 'centre round sb/sth, centre sth round sb/sth） to be, or make sb/sth, the most important person or thing around which most activity takes place 围绕； 环绕； 以…为中心； 把…作为…的中心： The debate centres around the question of power. 争论的核心是权力问题。 ◊ The case centred around the couple's adopted, children. 案 件的焦点是这对夫妇的养子女。 ◊ Her life was centred entirely around her family. 她的生活完 全以家庭为中心。 ◊ The nightlife of the town is largely centred around the hotels. 这个城镇的夜 生活大多集中在旅馆。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep centre on sb/sth; centre sth on sb/sth （also centre upon sb/sth, 'centre sth upon sb/sth more format） to give a lot of attention or thought to one particular activity, idea or person, etc. (注意力或思想) 集中 于，倾注于； 把 (注意力或思想) 集中于： The discussions centred on the hostage issue. 讨论围 绕人质问题展开。 ◊ Public interest centred large- ly on the team's stars. 公众关注的焦点主要是该 队的明星。 ◊ The group has centred its attention on the need for reform. 该小组将其注意力集中 在改革的必要性上。◊ His research is centred on the effects of unemployment. 他的研究以失业的 影响为主要课题。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep chain chain /tʃeɪn/ chain sb/sth up (to sth) to fasten sb/sth to sth else with chains to stop them escaping or being stolen 用链条把...拴住； 用链条把...拴 在…上： I'd chain your bike up to the fence just in case. 为以防万一， 我把你的自行车用链条锁 在栅栏上。 ◊ The prisoners were chained up in a dark cell. 囚犯都用链条锁在阴暗的牢房里。 NOTE Chain sb/sth (to sth) can also be used with this meaning. * chain sb / sth (to sth) 也可 作此义。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chalk chalk/tʃɔːk/ chalk up sth (informal) to achieve a suc- cess, a victory, a score in a game, etc. 获得， 赢得 (成功、胜利、比赛等)； 写下， 记录 (成 就、分数等)： The team has chalked up its fifth win in a row. 该队已连赢五场比赛。 ◊ This week Dee Brothers chalked up 100 years of business in this town. 本周迪伊兄弟公司在本城开业已经100 年了。 [OBJ] success, victory, win NOTE When the object of chalk up is a noun, it comes after up, but when the object is a pro- noun, it comes between chalk and up * chalk up 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 up 之后；但如果 是代词，应置于 chalk 和 up 之间： She keeps on chalking them up. 她不断取得成功。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv IDM chalk one up for sb (AmE) used to show admiration or praise because sb has won sth (表示钦佩或赞扬) 为…记上一功: Chalk one up for the little guy. The city agreed today to pay 25 homeless people $80000 to settle a lawsuit alleging police harassment. 这多亏了那个小家 伙。今天市里同意向 25 名无家可归的人支付 8 万元，以了结一桩指控警察骚扰的诉讼。 chalk sth up to sth (informal) to think that sth happens as a result of sth else 把...归 因于：We can chalk our recent victories up to a lot of luck. 我们可以把近期的胜利归功于运气 好。 ◊ When the goal was disallowed they chalked it up to a bad referee decision. 进球被 判无效，他们认为这纯属裁判错判。 SYN attribute sth to sth (formal); put sth down to sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep IDM chalk it up to experience (informal, especially AmE) used to say that you can learn from sth bad that has happened to you 引以为 戒；吃一堑、长一智。 chance chance /tʃɑːns; AmE tʃæns/ chance on/upon sb/sth (formal) to meet sb or find sth when you do not expect to 不期 而遇； 偶然发现： I chanced on an old school friend in town. 我在城里邂逅一位旧日同窗。 ◊ He chanced upon a volume of Japanese poetry in a bookshop. 他在书店不经意间发现了一部日 语诗集。 ♦ v + prep change change /tʃeɪndʒ/ change sb/sth a round (especially AmE) -> CHANGE SB/STH ROUND change 'back 1 (into sth) to take off your clothes and put on what you were wearing earlier 换上 (原来穿的衣服)：I'll just change back into my tracksuit. 我这就换上先前穿的运 动服。2 (into/to sb/sth) to return to an earlier state or form 恢复原状；还原；复原： When you double click on SELECT, the screen changes back to the main design screen. 双击 “选项” , 屏幕 就返回设计主界面。 ◊ Slowly the angry animal changed back into its normal calm self. 那只发 怒的畜生慢慢恢复了正常的温顺本性。 ♦ v + adv change sth back (into/to sth) to exchange an amount of money into the system of money (currency) that it was in before 把 (钱) 换成 (原货币)：Can I change these dollars back into sterling? 我可以把这些美元兑换回英镑吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n {less frequent) change 'down (into/to sth) (Br。to control the speed of a vehicle by changing to a lower gear (开车减速) 换低一挡，挂低速挡： Change down into second as you approach the comer. 靠近拐角时，减至二挡。 OPP change up (into/to sth) ♦ v + adv change into sth to put on different clothes 换(衣服): We quickly changed into our swim- suits. 我们迅速换上了游泳衣。 ◊ I didn't bring anything to change into. 我没带替换的衣服。 ♦ v + prep change into sth; .change sb/sth into sth to change, or to make sb/sth change, into sth different (使) 变成，变为 The castle has changed into a hotel. 陵堡改成了旅馆。 ◊ The handsome prince was changed into a frog. 英俊 的王子被变成了青蛙。 SYN turn into sth, turn sb/sth into sth ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep change out of sth to take off the clothes you are wearing and put on different ones 更 换, 换掉 (衣服)； 更衣： I must change out of these wet clothes before I get a chill. 我得换掉食 身湿衣服，免得着凉。 ◊ She changed out of her suit as soon as she came home. 她一回到家就换 下了套装。 ♦ v + adv + prep change over 1 (from sth) (to sth) to stop using one system or thing and start using another 改用； 换用：The magazine changed over from pink paper to white in 1917. 该杂 志1917年把粉色纸张改换成了白色。 ◊ We're changing over to a new computer system. 我们 正要改用新的计算机系统。SYN switch over (from sth) (to sth) 2 (to sth) (8r£) to change from watching one television channel to watching another 变换 (电视频道)； 换 (台)： I changed over to BBC1 to see the football. 我把 电视频道调到英国广播公司电视一台收看足球 赛。 ◊ Can we change over? 我们换个台吧？ SYN switch over (from sth) (to sth); turn over (to sth) ♦ v + adv ► changeover n a change from one system or thing to another (体制等的) 改变，转变， 变更： The changeover to the new system will take place gradually. 向新制度的过强将循序渐 进。◊ a changeover period 转型期 change 'over/'round (BrE） if two people change over/round, they move to where the other person was before or do what the other person was doing 对调，交换，调换 (位置或 工作)： Can you and Phil change round? You're too tall to stand in the front: row. 你和菲尔互换 一下位置好吗？ 你个子太高，不宜站在前排。 ◊ When you get tired of driving we can change over. 要是你开车累了，我们可以轮着开。 SYN swap around/over/round (informal, especially BrE) ♦ v + adv change sb/sth 'round {especially BrE) (AmE usually .change sb/sth a round) to move objects, such as furniture, or people into different positions 变换 (家具、入员等) 的位 置： Who's changed the desks around? 谁挪动 桌子了？ ◊ You're always changing this room round! (= making it look different by moving the furniture, etc.) 你总是把房间里的家具移 来移去！ ◊ The Yankees keep changing their players around. 扬基队一直在调整队员的位置。 [OBJ] room, furniture SYN swap sb/sth around/over/round (especially BrE) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) change up (into/to sth) (BrE ）to control the speed of a vehicle by changing to a higher gear (开车) 换高一挡，换挂高速挡：Change up into fourth gear now. 现在加速到第四挡。 OPP change down (into/to sth) ♦ v + adv charge charge /ʃɑːdʒ；AmE tʃɑːrdʒ/ charge sth up; charge up to pass electricity through sth so that it is stored there; to take in electricity and store it (给…) 充电：This charger will charge up most makes of phone. 这个充电器可以给大部分品牌 的手机充电。 ◊ It takes about two hours for the phone to charge up completely. 这个手机充满电 需要大约两个小时。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + adv charge sb with sth； charge sb with doing sth (formal) to give sb a duty, respon- sibility or task 使承担 (职责、责任或任务)：A solicitor was charged with administering the estate. 一名律师受委托管理这份财产。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep charm charm /tʃɑːm; AmE tʃɑːrm/ charm sth out of sb if you charm money or information out of sb, you obtain it by using your power to please or attract people 利用魅力从...处获取：She managed to charm £20 out of him. 她施展魅力从他那里弄到了20 英镑。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ' chase chase /tʃeɪs/ chase after sb (informal) to try to persuade sb to have a romantic or sexual relationship with you 追求；向...求爱： He's always chasing after younger women. 他总是在追逐年轻的 女性。 ♦ v + prep chase after sb/sth to run, drive, etc. to try to catch sb/sth 追逐；追赶：They chased after the thief but he got away. 他们追赶那个小偷 但他还是逃掉了。 ♦ v + prep chase around (BrE also .chase about/ round) to be very busy, rushing from one place to another 四下忙碌；到处奔波：I've been chasing around all morning trying to find a gift for my sister. 我东奔西跑了一上午， 想为妹妹买 件礼物。 ♦ v + adv chase sb/sth a way/1 off/out to force sb/sth to run away by running after them or threatening them 赶走；驱逐：He chased the attackers away by firing shots into the air. 他朝 空中开了几枪，吓跑了袭击者。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chase sb/sth down (AmEf informal) to try hard to get sth or find sb/sth that you need or want 设法得到；努力寻觅： I've been, trying to chase Sam down all day! 我一整天都在苦苦寻 找萨姆！ SYN seek sb/sth out (more formal) track sb/sth down ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chase sb/sth off, out, etc. t chase sb/sth away/off/out, etc. chase round (BrE) -> CHASE AROUND chase sb/sth up （informal） 1 to contact sb and remind them to do sth they have said they would do or that they ought to do 催促： 催办；敦促： H'll chase him up and find out what's going on. 我来催催他，看看情况怎么样 了。 ◊ It is his job to chase up clients with outstanding debts. 他的工作是向客户追债。 ◊ Could you chase up those late replies (= remind people to reply). 你催催大家尽早答复好吗？ 2 to try to find sb/sth that you need; to try to get more information about sb/sth 寻找；设法 获取：We're chasing up two other people who were at the party. 我们正在寻找当时出届晚会的 另外两个人。 ◊ I'll chase up references to the battle in the library. 我要去图书馆查找关于这 次战斗的资料。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chat chat /tʃæt/ (-tt-) chat sb up (informal) 1 (BrE) to talk in a friendly way to sb because you are sexually attracted to them 向...搭讪；与...调情： Who was that girl you were chatting up last: night? 昨晚你搭讪的那个女孩是谁？ 2 (especially AmE) to talk to sb in a friendly way because you want them to do sth for you or to give you sth (别有目的地) 与...攀谈，与...套近乎：you'll have to chat the boss up if you want some days off. 如果想请几天假，你就得和老板拉拉关系。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► chat-up n (BrE, informal) an attempt to talk in a friendly way to sb you are sexually attracted to 搭讪；调情：He was trying some old chat-up lines. 他试图用些老套的话来搭讪。 cheat cheat /tʃiːt/ cheat sb of sth (also .cheat sb out of sth) to prevent sb from having sth, especially in an unfair or dishonest way (尤凭以不正当或不诚 实的手段) 阻止…得到； 骗出： He had cheated the taxman of £60000. 他骗税务员少收了 6万 英镑。 ◊ He was cheated out of his rightful inheritance. 有人骗走了他本应获取的遗产。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep cheat on sb to secretly have sex with sb who is not your regular partner 对 (伴侣) 不忠； 背着 (原偶) 偷情： He was the last to know that she had been cheating on him. 她早已红杏出 墙，而他却是最后一个才知道。 [OBJ] wife, partner, etc. ♦ v + prep cheat sb out of sth -> CHEAT SB OF STH SYNONYMS同义词辨析 cheat on sb betray sb ♦ be unfaithful to sb ♦ cheat on sb ♦ commit adultery ♦ play around These verbs all mean to have a sexual relationship with sb who is not your usual partner. 这些动词都表示对伴侣不忠。 betray sb (literary, disapproving) (of sb who is married or who has a regular sexual partner) to have a secret relationship with sb else (对性伴侣) 不忠，出轨，偷情: She could not believe that Sergio had betrayed her. 她无法相 信塞尔吉奥对她不忠。 be unfaithful to sb (of sb who is married or who has a regular sexual partner) to have a secret relationship with sb else (对性伴侣) 不忠，出轨，偷情： Have you ever been unfaithful to him? 你有过外遇吗？ cheat on sb (not formal, disapproving) (of sb who is married or who has a regular sexual partner) to have a secret relationship with sb else (对性伴侣) 不忠，出轨，偷情: He's cheating on his wife. 他背着妻子偷情。 commit adultery (format) to have sex with sb who is not your husband or wife 通奸: She was accused of committing adultery. 她被控 通奸。 play around (informal) to have a sexual relationship with sb who is not your usual partner 偷情；乱搞男女关系：Her husband is always playing around with other women. 她 丈夫总是拈花惹草。 WHICH WORD? Cheat on sb is slightly less formal than be unfaithful to sb . If you use be unfaithful to sb, you are not making any obvious moral judgement about a person's actions; using cheat on sb suggests that you find such an action dishonest and unacceptable. Play around is more often used to talk about men than women; it is often used about a man who has sexual relationships with more than one other woman. * cheat on sb Hs be unfaithful to sb 略显不正式。用 be unfaithful to sb 时，对此 种行为并无明显的道德判断；用 cheat on sb 时， 则表示此种行为不诚实、不可接受。play around 多用于指男性，并且常用于指与多名女性有染的 男性。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to cheat on/be unfaithful to your girlfriend/boyfriend/partner ■ to cheat on/be unfaithful to/betray your husband/wife/lover check check /tʃek/ check in 1 (at sth) to go to an official desk at a hotel, an airport, etc. and tell sb that you have arrived (在旅馆、机场等) 登记，报到: After checking in, we went out for a meal. 登记 之后，我们就出去吃饭了。 ◊ Check in at desk 25 an hour before take-off. 请在飞机起 飞前一小时到 25 号台办理登机手续。 -> see also CHECK INTO STH 1 2 (with sb) (especially AmE) to contact sb to let them know where you are or what you are doing (向某人) 汇报，报告 (自 己的方位或工作）：I have to check in with my boss every three hours. 我必须每三小时向老板 汇报一次。SYN report in （to sb/sth） ♦ v + adv ► check-in n 1 [U] the act of telling an official at an airport that you have arrived, showing them your ticket, etc. 办理登机手续： the check-in desk 登机手续办理柜台 2 [C, U] the place at an airport where you go to say you have arrived, show your ticket, etc. 登机 手续办理处：There were long queues at the check-in. 办理登机手续的地方排起长龙。 check sb 'in to take sb's name when they arrive at a hotel or an airport, look at their ticket, etc.（在旅馆、机场等） 为...登记； 给… 办理入住（或登机） 手续： Write all the names of the guests in this book as they are checked in. 为 客人办理入住手续时， 把他们的名字都记在这个 本子上。 ◊ All the passengers have been checked in. 已为所有乘客办妥登机手续。 [OBJ] guests, passengers ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n check sth in to leave or accept bags, cases, etc. to be put on a plane or a train 托运，接受 托运（行李）：When we arrived at the airport we checked our bags in straight away. 到达机场 后，我们立刻把包托运了。 [OBJ] luggage, bags ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n check into sth 1 to arrive at a hotel, private hospital, etc. to begin your stay there 登记入住（旅馆、私人医院等）： I arrived in Boston and checked into my hotel 我到了波士 顿后住进了预订的旅馆。 ◊ She's checked into a private clinic for drug rehabilitation. 她住进了 —家私人诊所戒毒。[OBJ] hotel, motel, clinic SYN book into sth OPP check out of sth -> see also CHECK IN 1 2 to try to find out more about sth or discover the true facts about sth 调查；核查： The police are checking into the cause of the crash. 警方正在调查飞机坠毁的原 因。SYN look into sth ♦ v + prep check sth 'off 1 to put a mark beside items on a list to show that they are correct, present or have been dealt with （经查对无误在清单项 目旁） 做记号，打钩：I've checked off all the furniture on the list. 我核对了清单上的所有家 具。 ◊ He checked everyone's name off as they arrived. 他在每位来宾姓名旁都打了个钩。SYN tick sth off 2 （especially AmE） to put a mark in a box on a document to give an answer to a question, choose sb/sth, etc.（在表格备选方 框中）做记号（表示回答、选择等）；勾选： Some voters wrote in names instead of checking off the candidates listed. 有些选民填入了姓名， 而不是勾出所列的候选人。NOTE Check sth on its own is more usual. * check sth 单独使用更 常见。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv check on sb/sth 1 to make sure that sb is safe, happy, etc. or that sth is progressing as it should be 检查，核实，确认（是否正常等）：I'll just check on dinner. 我看看晚饭好了没有。 ◊ The doctor visited every day to check on my progress. 医生每天来检查我的康复情况。[OBJ] progress, children, patient 2 to find out if sth is true or correct, especially sth that sb has said about themselves 调查, 核实，确认（尤 指个人提供的资料）：Do you always check on future employees? 你总是调查将要雇用的人员 吗？ ◊ Will you check on his address? 你核实一 下他的住址好吗？ -> see also CHECK UP NOTE Check on sb/sth can be used in the passive * check on sb / sth 可用于被动语态：The children were put to bed and then not checked on again. 安顿孩子们睡下之后，就再没有查看 了。Check sth can also be used on its own with these meanings. * check sth 单独使用也可 作这些含义。 ♦ v + prep check 'out if facts, etc. check out, they can be shown to be correct or true （事实等）查对 无误，言之成理： His story doesn't check out. 他 的说法站不住脚。(SUBJ) story, reference ♦ v + adv check out; .check out of sth 1 to leave a hotel, a hospital, etc. where you have been staying 结账离开，办清手续后离开（旅馆、医 院等） : She checked out this morning. 她今天上 午退房了。 ◊ He decided to check out of the hospital and go home. 他决定出院回家。[OBJ] hotel, motel, hospital OPP check in; check into sth 2 （AmE, informal） to leave a place or finish an activity 离开（某地）；结束（活动）： The climb was too difficult so 1 checked out early. 这次登山太困难了，所以我早早地打了退 堂鼓。 ◊ He can't just check out on us like that! 他不能就这样离开我们！ ◊ Let's check out of here. 咱们离开这儿吧。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep ► checkout n [U] （AmE） the act or time of leaving a hotel at the end of your stay 结账离 开旅馆；退房时间：Checkout is 10 a.m. 退房时 间为上午10点。 ◊ checkout time 退房时间 check out； .check sb out [AmE] if you check out in a shop/store, or sb checks you out, you find out how much you have to pay and give sb the money （在商店）结账，为… 结账：You can check out at aisle eight. 您可以在 第八通道付款。 ◊ The girl who checked me out looked at me strangely. 给我结账的姑娘奇怪地 打量了我一下。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► checkout n the place where you pay for the goods you are buying in a supermarket （超市的）收银台，付款处：There were huge queues at the checkout. 付款处排起了长队。◊ a supermarket checkout 超市收银台 check sb/sth out i （especially AmE） to find out if sth is true or correct or if sb is honest, works hard, etc. 调查；证实；核对：Check him out before you give him the job. 调查一下再雇 用他。 ◊ Police have checked out his story. 警方 已核实了他的陈述。 ◊ We need to check out whether the company is reliable. 我们需要查 证一下这家公司是否可靠。[OBJ] story, claim, company 2 (informal） to look at sb/sth because they/it seem interesting or attractive 察看，观察 (有趣或有吸引力的事物)： Check out our new fashion range! 看一看我们的新款 时装吧！ ◊ It's worth checking out that new restaurant. 那家新餐厅值得试一下。 ◊ Check out that gorgeous guy over there! 快看那边的帅哥！ -> NOTE AT LOOK AT SB/STH ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv check sth out (AmE) to borrow sth such as a book or a video from a library (从图书馆) 借出：I checked out three books from the library. 我从图书馆借了三本书。 [OBJ] book, video ♦ v+ n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n check sb/sth 'over to examine a person or an animal to make sure that they are healthy; to examine a machine, etc. to make sure it is working correctly 为 (人或动物) 做体检；检 查 (机器运行等)：The doctor would like to check you over. 医生想给你做个体检。 ◊ I got the car checked over before the trip, 启程前，我 让人检查了一下汽车。' SYN look sb/sth over; examine sb/sth (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n check sth over (also .check through sth) to examine sth written or printed carefully to make sure that it is correct 细心检查，核对， 校对 (文字)：I've got to check over my work for spelling before I hand it in. 交作业前，我得 仔细检查一下辫写。 ◊ You should get someone to check the letter over for you. 你应该找人帮你 把信件校对一下。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) SYNONYMS 同义词辨析 check sb/sth over check sb/sth over ♦ check through sth ♦ examine sb/sth ♦ go over sth ♦ look sb/sth over These verbs all mean to look at sb/sth closely to make sure that everything is correct, in good condition, or acceptable. 这些动词都表示 细查、细察、核查。 check sb/sth over to check sb/sth carefully to make sure that everything is correct, in good condition, or satisfactory 细心检查，细查 (以确保无误、状况完好 或 令人满意)：we checked over the house, looking for damp or mt. 我们仔细检查了房屋，查看是否有受潮或 破朽之处。 ◊ The doctor checked him over and said he was fit and healthy. 医生为他做了检查 后，说他十分健康。NOTE Check can be used on its own, but cannot be used for people * check 可单独使用, 但不能用于指人: Check the container for cracks or leaks. 仔细检 查一下容器，看看有没有裂缝。 check through sth to examine all parts of sth closely to make sure that everything is correct or satisfactory, or in order to find sth 仔细检查，细查 (以确保无误、令人满意或查 找某物)：The hospital have checked through their records but can find no reference to it. 医 院仔细检查了病历，但是没有找到有关记录。 examine sb/sth to look at sb/sth closely to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem 仔细检查，细查 (以确定 是否有误或查找问题根源): The goods were examined for damage on arrival. 到货后仔细 检查了是否有破损。 ◊ The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong. 医生为她做 了诊察， 但是找不出毛病。 go over sth to check sth carefully for mistakes, damage or anything dangerous 仔 细检查，细查 (是否有错误、损坏或危险)： Go over your work for spelling mistakes before you hand it in. 交作业之前仔细检查一下是否 有拼写错误。 ◊ The Health and Safety Officer went over the whole school, checking every fire door. 卫生与安全官员仔细巡查了整个学校， 查看了每扇防火门。 look sb/sth over to look at sb/sth closely to see if they are/it is satisfactory 细心检查，细 查 (是否满意)： We looked over the house again before we decided to rent it. 在决定租房 之前我们再次仔细察看了房子。 ◊ The sergeant looked him over and told him to polish his shoes. 中士仔细打量了他一番， 告诉他把鞋子 擦擦。 WHICH WORD? All of these verbs can be used when you are looking for possible problems, but only check (over/through) is used for possible mistakes 这些动词都可用于表示查找可能存在的问题，但 仅有 check (over / through) 用于指查找可能存在 的错误：Check your work (over) before handing it in. 交作业之前先仔细检查一下。Examine is used more often to describe what a professional person does * examine 多用于描 述专业人士的行为：The surveyor examined the walls for signs of damp. 勘测员仔细检查墙壁， 寻找发潮的痕迹。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to check (over/through)/examine sth to see if/whether... ■ to check (over/through)/examine/go over/look over sth carefully ■ to check (over/through)/examine/go over sth thoroughly ■ to check (over)/examine closely/regularly/daily check through sth （also .check it, them, etc. through less frequent） -> CHECK STH OVER: Check through your notes carefully. 仔细检查你 的笔记。 ◊ There were 23 files to look at, and Tim spent half his day checking through them all. 有23份文件需要看、蒂姆花了半天时间才全 部检查完。 NOTE When the object of check through is a noun, it comes after through, but when the object is a pronoun, it can come before or after through * check through 的宾语如果是名 词，应置于 through 之后；但如果是代词，可置 于 through 之前或之后：Check it through before you hand it in. 交上去之前先查看一下。 ◊ Check through it before you hand it in. 交上去之前先 查看一下。 -> note at CHECK SB/STH OVER; -> CHECK STH OVER ♦ v + prep ♦ v + pron + adv （less frequent） ♦ v + prep check up （especially BrE） 1 （on sb） to make sure that sb is doing what they should be doing, or that what they have said about themselves is true 监督；督促；调查, 核实 （某人的话）：They always check up on pro- spective employees. 对可能雇用的人员他们总要 作调查。 ◊ I won't have you checking up on me like that! 我不允许你那样监督我！ ◊ I'd better check up to see the kids are OK. 我最好去看看孩 子们是否还好。2 （on sth） to find out if sth is true or correct; to find out what is happening 核对，查证（某事）： I think the train's at ten o'clock, but III phone the station to check up. 我 想火车是十点到站， 但我还是得打电话给车站核 实一下。 ◊ I went to the library to check up on a few things. 我去图书馆查证了几个问题。 NOTE Check and check sth can also be used on their own with these meanings. * check 和 check sth 单独使用也可作这些含义。 -> see also CHECK ON SB/STH ♦ v + adv ► check-up n an examination by your doctor to see how healthy you are 健康检查；体检：to go for a check-up 去做体检。◊ a routine check-up 常规体检 cheer cheer /ʃɪə(r)； AmE tʃɪr/ cheer sb on to encourage sb, especially sb in a race or competition, by shouting （比赛 中）为…呐喊助威，为…欢呼打气：The crowd cheered the runners on. 观众为赛跑运动员加油 鼓劲。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n SYNONYMS同义词辨析 cheer sb on cheer sb on ♦ root for sb ♦ urge sb on These verbs all mean to give sb encouragement or support. 这些动词都表示鼓 励、加油、声援。 cheer sb on to give sb shouts of encouragement in a race or competition （比赛中）为…呐喊助威，为…加油：The spectators cheered the runners on. 观众为赛跑 选手加油鼓劲。NOTE Cheer can be used on its own * cheer 可单独使用：We all cheered the team as they came onto the field. 队伍入场 时，我们都为他们欢呼喝彩。Cheering sb on implies giving encouragement to achieve sth in particular. * cheering sb on 含有鼓励完成 特定任务之意。 root for sb （informal） if you are rooting for sb/sth, you support or encourage them in a sports competition or when they are in a difficult situation （运动员或困境中的人） 鼓气；为…加油： We're rooting for the Bulls. 我 们正为公牛队助威。 urge sb on to encourage sb to do sth or support them so that they do it better, by shouting or just speaking words of encouragement （用呐喊或言语）激励， 为…加油，给…打She could hear him urging her on as she ran past. 她跑过的时候， 听到了他在为她加油鼓劲； WHICH WORD? Cheering sb on always means shouting and is nearly always done at a sports competition; urging sb on need not involve shouting and can be done in other situations. Rooting for sb may include shouting, but it mainly involves mental support. You can be rooting for sb even if you are not there * cheering sb on 几乎总是 指呐喊，并且几乎总是用于体育比赛；urging sb on 不一定需要呐喊，可用于其他场合。rooting for sb 可包括呐喊，但主要指精神支持，也可用 于加油鼓劲者不在现场时： Good luck with your audition tomorrow— I'll be rooting for you. 祝你 明天试演好运一一我会为你加油的。 cheer 'up； .cheer sb/yourself up to become, or to make sb/yourself, happier .or more cheerful （使）振作精神，振奋起来： She seems to have cheered up since Saturday. 星 期六以来，她似乎情绪好了一些。 ◊ Cheer up! 振作点！◊ Nothing could cheer him up. 没什 么事情能让他高兴起来。◊ She bought some chocolates to cheer herself up, 她买了些巧克力 来鼓励一下自己。 SYN brighten up; liven up, liven sb/sth up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cheer sth *up to make a room, etc. brighter and more cheerful 使（房间等）明亮；使宜人： Flowers always cheer up a room. 房间一有花就 明快不少。 [OBJ] room SYN brighten sth up; liven sth up ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv SYNONYMS同义词辨析 cheer (sb) up brighten up・ cheer (sb) up * lift * perk up ♦ take heart These verbs all mean to become more cheerful or make sb feel more cheerful. 这些动词都表 示 (使) 振作起来、(使) 振奋起来或 (使) 快 活起来。 brighten up (of people, their eyes, faces or feelings) to look or feel happier (人、眼 睛、脸色或心情) 快活起来: She brightened up visibly at their words of encouragement. 听到 他们鼓励的话语，她喜笑颜开。NOTE Brighten can be used on its own * brighten 可 单独使用：My spirits brightened at the thought of Chris coming to stay. 一想到克里斯要来 住，我的情绪就好了起来。 cheer (sb) up (often used in orders) (of a person) to become more cheerful; to make sb feel more cheerful (常用于祈使句) (使) 振作精神，高兴起来: Cheer up—things aren't that bad. 打起精神 事情没那么糟 糕。 ◊ I tried to cheer her up. 我想方设法使她 高兴起来。 lift (of sb's heart, spirits or mood) to become more cheerful (心境、精神或蓿绪) 快活起 来，高兴起来：His heart lifted at the sight of her. 一见到她，他的心情便轻松起来。◊ As the sky began to brighten, my mood lifted. 随着天 气放晴，我的情绪也高涨起来。 perk up (informal (of people, their situation or feelings) to become more cheerful or lively, especially after you have been ill/sick or sad (尤指疾病或消沉之后) 快活起来，振 奋起来：She's been depressed but she seemed to perk up last week. 她一直情绪低落，但是上周 精神似乎好了起来。 take heart (used especially in newspapers) to feel more positive about sth, especially when you thought you had no chance of achieving it (尤用于报章) 树立信心，受到鼓舞，振奋 起来：The government can take heart from the latest opinion polls, 最近的民意调查旬以让政 府重拾信心。 WHICH WORD? Cheer up, lift and perk up are used to talk about how you feel; brighten up is more about how you look. It is not used in orders. If you take heart, you feel encouraged as well as happier. * cheer up. lift 和 perk up 用于指心 情；brighten up 多用于指精神面貌，并且不用 于祈使句。take heart 指受到鼓励并感到快慰。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to brighten (up)/cheer up/take heart/lift/perk up at sth ■ to take heart from sth ■ his spirits/mood brightened/lifted cheese cheese /tʃiːz/ cheese sb off (BrE ,informal) to make'S sb annoyed or bored 使烦恼；使厌烦：Mike's car got vandalized, which cheesed him off no end. 迈克的车遭人故意毁坏，这让他沮丧透顶。 NOTE Cheesed off (BrE) is often used as an adjective * cheesed off 常用作形容词：I was really cheesed off with him. 我实在被他弄得烦 死了。 ◊ We were feeling a bit cheesed off and didn't know what to do with ourselves. 我们感 到有点苦恼，不知如何是好。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chew chew /tʃuː/ chew on sth 1 (also 'chew at sth) to bite sth continuously, especially because you are nervous or to test your teeth (因紧张等) 不 断地咬，不停地啃： He chewed on his bottom lip as he considered the question. 他一边思索问 题，一边时不时咬咬嘴唇。 2 -> CHEW STH OVER： Why don't we chew on it for a while? 我们为什 么不仔细考虑一段时间呢 ？ ♦ v + prep chew sb out (AME, informal) to tell sb angrily that they have done sth wrong 怒斥； 训斥：He got chewed out by his teacher for being late. 他因为迟到挨老师骂了。 SYN tell sb off (for sth/for doing sth); repri- mand sb (formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chew sth 'over (also 'chew on sth) to think about or discuss sth carefully and in detail 仔 细考虑；详细讨论：he spent the weekend chew- ing over the problem. 他利用周末细致斟酌了这 个问题。 [OBJ] problem, idea o note at think sth over ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv chew sb up to make sb less confident, happy or successful; to end sb's career 使不自 信；使不愉快；使不成功；终结…的职业生涯： The company has chewed up numerous chief executives over the years. 这些年来，该公司断 送了众多首席执行官的前程。 ◊ The media just chews celebrities up and spits them out. 媒体对 名人总是横加贬责。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chew sth up 1 to bite sth until it is com- pletely soft or destroyed 细嚼：嚼碎：The baby chewed the cookie up and swallowed it. 小孩把 饼干嚼碎，咽了下去。 2 if a machine chews sth up, it damages or destroys it (机器) 使损 环，毁坏：The cassette player's chewed the tape up again. 放音机又卡带了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chicken chicken /ˈtʃɪkɪn/ chicken out; .chicken out of sth; chicken out of doing sth (informal) to decide not to do sth because you are afraid (因胆怯而) 放弃；畏缩：If I don't fight him, everyone will say that I chickened out. 如果不和 他打一架，大家都会说我胆小怕事了。 ◊ She chickened out of telling him the truth. 她不敢告 诉他真相。 SYN bottle out, bottle out of sth, bottle out of doing sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep chill chill /tʃɪl/ chill out (informal) to relax completely and not get upset or excited about anything 放 松：冷静；镇静：Chill out! Well get there on time! 别担心！我们会按时赶到的！ NOTE Chill is also used on its own * chill 也单 独使用：We went home and chilled in front of the TV. 回到家后，我们看电视放松心情。 ♦ v + adv ► chillout adj [only before noun] that helps you to relax or makes you feel relaxed 助人放 松的；使人轻松的：chillout music 令人轻松的音 乐。◊ a chillout room (= a place at a club, etc. where you can relax when you do not want to dance) (俱乐部等的) 休息室 chime chime /tʃaɪm/ chime in (with sth) to join in a conversation suddenly or interrupt sb 插话； (以…) 打断 谈话：'AbsolutelyV she chimed in eagerly. “当 然！ "她急忙插嘴道。 ◊ He kept chiming in with his own opinions. 他不断插话，发表自己 的见解。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v 十 adv + speech chime in with sth; chime with sth to agree with sth; to be similar to sth 与-致； 与…相似： His policies chimed in with the national mood at the time. 他的政策与当时的国 民心态相吻合。 SYN in with sth ♦ v + adv + prep • v + prep chip chip /tʃɪp/(-pp-) chip a way at sth ( used especially in the progressive tenses 尤用于进行时) to make sth smaller or weaker by continuously breaking small pieces off it 不断地削 (或凿、砍、 劈)；不断削弱： He was chipping away at the rocks, looking for fossils. 他起不停凿岩石寻找化 石。 ◊ (figurative) The government seems to be chipping away at people's rights. 政府似乎在不 断削弱人民的权利。 ♦ v + adv + prep chip sth a way/ off .chip sth off sth to remove sth by continuously breaking off small pieces 不停地 (从…) 削掉：She used a hammer to chip away the stone. 她用锤子一点 一点地敲掉那块石头。 ◊ I chipped the rust off the box with a knife. 我用刀刮箱子上的锈。 -> note at BREAK OFF, BREAK STH OFF ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep chip in (with sth) （informal) 1 to join in or interrupt a conversation; to add sth to a conversation (以…) 插话，补充：Feel free to chip in if I've forgotten to mention anything. 如 果我有任何遗漏，请尽管补充。 ◊ She chipped in with some interesting remarks. 她插嘴说了几句 有趣的话。2 (also .chip 'in sth) to give some money so that a group of people can buy sth together 凑份子；凑钱: Has everyone chipped in for the present? 购买礼物的份子钱，大家都交了 吗？◊ The company has chipped in with a $200 donation, 公司凑了 200 元 捐款。 ◊ Let's all chip in five dollars. 咱们每人都凑五元钱吧。SYN club together (to do sth) ♦ v + adv 2 also v + adv + n chip oft .chip off sth if paint or a surface chips off, it comes off in small pieces (从…)剥落：The varnish is chipping off. 清漆 开始剥落了。◊ Most of the paint had chipped off the gate. 门上的油漆大部分都掉光了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep chip sth off, etc. -> CHIP STH away/off, ETC. chivvy chivvy /ˈtʃɪvi/ (chivvies, chivvying, chivvied) chivvy sb along (BrE, informal) to try to make sb move faster or do sth more quickly 催 促：The teacher chivvied the children along. 老 师催孩子们加快速度。 SYN hurry sb/sth along ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n choke choke /tʃəʊk; AmE tʃoʊk/ choke sth back to try to stop yourself from showing a strong emotion, or saying sth that might upset sb 克制，抑制 (强烈的感情或逆 耳的言语)： He choked back his tears. 他强忍住 眼泪。 ◊ A protest rose to her Ups, but she choked it back. 抗议的话到了嘴边，却又被她咽 了回去。 [OBJ] tears, sob(s) NOTE used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv choke sth 'off 1 to prevent or stop sth 妨 碍；阻止：High interest rates have choked off investment, 高利率阻碍了投资。[OBJ] demand, investment 2 to stop or interrupt sth 终止; 使 中断：His words were choked off by the sudden screams. 突如其来的尖叫打断了他的话。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv choke up; .choke sb up （informal) to become, or to make sb, so upset that you/they are unable to speak (使) 哽咽，说不出话来： That song really chokes me up. 那首歌简直让我 泣不成声。 ◊ He gets choked up just remember- ing the day she left. 一想起她离开的那天，他就 哽咽着说不出话来。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv chop chop /tʃɒp; AmE tʃɑːp/ (-pp-) chop at sth； .chop a'way at sth to aim blows at sth with a sharp heavy tool 瞄准...砍 去；对准...劈去：They chopped at the under- growth with their machetes. 他们抡着大刀砍灌 木丛。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + adv + prep chop sth 'down to make sth such as a tree fall down by cutting it at the base with a sharp tool 砍倒，砍下 (树木等)：They're chopping down thousands of trees every year. 他们每年砍 伐几千棵树。 [OBJ] tree SYN cut sth down ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv chop sth off； .chop sth off sth to remove sth by cutting it with a sharp heavy tool (从…上) 砍掉，斩下：The king had his head chopped off. 国王下令砍了他的头。◊ She chopped a branch off the tree. 她从树上砍下一 根树枝。 SYN cut sth off, cut sth off sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep chop sth up to cut sth into small pieces with a knife or a sharp tool 切细；剁碎：Shall we chop these logs up for firewood? 我们要把 这些木头劈成柴吗？ ◊ I have to chop her food up small for her. 给她吃的食物我必须切得很 细。 ◊ Chop up the onion into small pieces. 把洋 葱切碎。 SYN cut sth up -> see also HACK STH UP ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chow chow /tʃaʊ/ chow down (on sth) (AmE, informal) to eat a lot of food 大吃：We chowed down on fried chicken and salad. 我们大吃炸鸡和色拉。 ♦ v + adv chuck chuck /tʃʌk/ NOTE Chuck is an informal way of saying throw. chuck 是 throw 的非正式说法。 chuck sth a way ( BrE, informal 1 to not make good use of sth; to waste sth 不充分利 用；浪费：She's chucking all her money away on presents for him. 她把钱都乱花在给他买礼物上 了。 ◊ It's too good an opportunity to chuck away. 这是个大好机会，不能错过。2 ( also chuck sth 'out) to throw sth away because you no longer want or need it 丢弃；抛弃：We chucked the old sofa away. 我们扔掉了旧沙发。 ◊ Don't chuck yesterday's paper out. I still haven't done the crossword. 昨天的报纸可别扔 了。 我还没有做填字游戏呢。 SYN throw sth away ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chuck it down (also chuck down, 'chuck down sth less frequent) (BrE, informal) to rain very heavily 下暴雨：It was chucking it down outside. 外面大雨倾盆。 SYN pour down (BrE) NOTE Chuck it down and chuck down are always used with the subject it. chuck it down 和 chuck down 总是与主语 it 连用。 ♦ v + it + adv ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n chuck sth in (BrE, informal) to include sth extra with what you are selling or offering without increasing the price 附送： If you buy the freezer and the fridge well chuck in a toaster. 购买冰柜和冰箱附送一台烤面包机。 SYN throw sth in ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv chuck sth in/ up (BrE, informal) to decide to stop doing sth such as a job or a course of study 放弃，中断 (工作、课程等)：What made you decide to chuck in your course? 你为什么决 定中断这门课程? ◊ I feel like chucking it all in and going back to Africa. 我想放弃一切回非 洲去。 [OBJ] job, course SYN jack sth in (BrE), pack sth in (BrE), give sth up NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv chuck sb out； tchuck sb out of sth (informal) to force sb to leave a place, a job, etc. 强迫…离开 (处所、工作等)；撵走；辞退： Her parents chucked her out when she got pregnant. 她怀孕后，父母把她赶出了家门。 ◊ She failed her exams and was chucked out of college. 她几门考试不及格， 被大学开除, ◊ (BrE) There's always trouble at chucking-out time (= the time when pubs, etc. close). 到了 酒吧关门的时间， 麻烦总免不了。 SYN throw sb out, etc.; turn sb out, etc. ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep chuck sth 'out (informal) 1 to reject a plan, a proposal, etc. 否决，拒绝接受 (计划、提 议等)： The committee chucked my proposal out. 委员会否决了我的提议。2 -> CHUCK STH AWAY 2 SYN throw sth out ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n chuck up； .chuck sth up (BrE, informal) to bring food you have eaten back out of your mouth 呕吐；吐出：The smell made me want to chuck up. 这气味令我作呕。 SYN bring sth up; throw up; vomit, vomit sth (up) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► upchuck vt ,vi (informal）to bring food you have eaten back out of your mouth 呕吐； 吐 出：I almost upchucked my dinner. 我差点把晚 饭吐了出来。 chuck sth up (BrE) -> CHUCK STH IN/UP chug chug/tʃʌɡ/ (-gg-) chug a long (informal) to make steady but slow progress 稳定缓慢进展：'Hi! How are things? ' 'Oh, fine, just chugging along.' “嗨！ 一切都好吧？" '喔，马马虎虎，基本上 老样子。" ♦ v + adv churn churn /tʃɜːn; AmE tʃɜːrn/ churn sth out (informal） to produce sth quickly in large amounts 批量生产；大量炮 制：She churns out trashy romantic novels. 她大量炮制毫无价值的言情小说。 ◊ They chum out 3000 identical toy trains every day. 他们每 天生产 3000 辆同样的玩具火车。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv churn sb up (informal) to make sb feel very upset, worried, frightened or angry 使不安； 使担忧；使害怕；使生气： When I drove away from the house for the last time, I was churned up inside. 我最后一次驾车离开那所房子时，心 中十分郁闷。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n churn sth up to move sth such as mud or water around and damage or disturb the surface 掀起，搅动 (泥或水)；使翻腾：Cars and motorbikes had churned up the field. 汽车和摩托车在地上留下一道道车辙。 ◊ seas churned up by the storm 暴风中波涛汹涌的大 海 ◊ (figurative) His visit churned up bitter memories. 他的到访勾起了苦涩的回忆。 [OBJ] earth/ground, mud, water ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv claim claim /kleɪm/ claim sth back to ask for sth to be returned to you 要回； 索回：Claim your expenses back from the company. 费用请向公司报销。 [OBJ] tax, money ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n claim claim / kleɪm/ (-mm-) clam up (on sb) (informal) to refuse to speak about sth because you are afraid, or want to keep it secret 不敢作声；绝口不谈；拒不开 口；守口如瓶：He always clams up when we ask about his family. 我们问起他的家庭，他总是沉 默不语。 ♦ v + adv clamp clamp /klæmp/ damp down; clamp down on sb/sth (informal) to become strict about sth in order to prevent sth happening, especially a crime, a protest, etc. (严厉) 弹压，镇压 (犯罪活动、 抗议示威等)：The government intends to clamp down on drug smuggling. 政府拟严厉打击贩毒 活动。 SYN crack down, crack down on sb/sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep ► clampdown (on sb/sth) n sudden action that is taken by a government or other authority to stop a crime, a protest, etc. ( 对 犯罪活动、抗议示威等的) 弹压，镇压，取缔 clamp sth on; clamp sth on sb/sth (especially AmE) to force sb to accept sth unpleasant 强令(…) 接受；强制执行: The army clamped on a curfew after the riots. 骚乱 过后军队实行了宵禁，◊ The army clamped a curfew on the refugee camps. 军队对难民营实施 宵禁。 ♦ v+ n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep class class/klɑːs; AmE klæs/ class sb/sth up (informal, especially AmE) to make sb/sth better in quality, or look more expensive or more fashionable 提高...的品 质；提高...的格调；使更时尚： They've classed up the magazine, using better paper and a cleaner design. 他们使用更优质的纸张和更简洁 的设计，提升了杂志的档次。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n claw claw /kio：/ NOTE Claws are sharp curved nails on the end of an animal's foot. * claw 指动物的脚爪。 claw at sb/sth to try to catch sb/sth or scratch or tear sb/sth with claws or with your nails (用爪子或指甲) 抓，撕：The cat was clawing at the door. 猫在挠门。◊ She tried to claw at his face. 她试图抓他的脸。 ♦ v + prep claw sth 'back (especially BrE) 1 to work hard to get sth back that you have lost 设法捞 回；努力挽回：They're trying to claw back their share of the market. 他们正在想方设法夺回市场 份额。2 if a government daws back money it has paid to people, it gets it back, usually by taxing them (通常指通过税收) 收回 (已支付 给民众的钱款)：The government are clawing back age allowances in tax. 政府正在通过税收 收回老年补助金。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► clawback n (BrE, business') the act of a government getting back in tax the money it has paid to people; the money that is paid back 通过税收收回钱款；通过税收收回的钱款 clean clean /kliːn/ dean sth down (BrE) to clean sth thoroughly by rubbing it with a cloth, etc. or brushing it 把...彻底擦 (或刷) 干净：Clean down all the walls before repainting them. 重新 粉刷之前把墙壁都擦干净。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv clean sth off; .clean sth 'off sth to remove sth from the surface of sth by brushing, rubbing, etc. (从…上) 把刷...掉， 把...抹去，把 (污垢) 除掉：She couldn't be bothered to clean her make-up off. 她懒得卸 妆。 ◊ How can I clean red wine off the carpet? 怎样清除地毯上的红酒污渍？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep clean sb/sth out； .clean sb/sth out of sth (informal) to use up or take all sb's money; to take or buy the whole supply of sth that sb has 花掉 (钱财)；买光 (存货)： Buying drinks for everyone cleaned me out. 为 大家购买饮料把我的钱花得一干二净。◊ It's been a great year for sales. We're completely cleaned out (= we've sold all our supply). 今年销售情 况很好。我们的库存全部卖光了。 ◊ The stall was cleaned out of newspapers by 8.00 a.m. 上午八点报摊的报纸就卖光了。◊ Burglars had cleaned the place out (= had stolen every- thing). 窃贼把那里偷光了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep clean sth out to clean the inside of sth thoroughly 彻底清洁..的内部：We clean the stables out every day. 我们每天彻底清扫马厩。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► clean-out n [usually sing.] (especially BrE) an occasion when you clean a room, house, cupboard, etc. thoroughly; the activity of cleaning a room, house, cupboard, etc. thoroughly 彻底清洁；大扫除 clean up (injorma。to be very successful; to win a lot of money or prizes 大获成功；狠赚一 笔；赢得很多奖项：The movie cleaned up at the awards ceremony. 在颁奖典礼上，这部电影赢 得了很多奖项。 ♦ v + adv clean up; clean yourself up to wash yourself or make yourself clean (把自己) 洗 干净，弄干净： I'll just clean up before dinner. 我 晚饭前要洗漱一下。 ◊ They cleaned themselves up and put: on their best clothes. 他们梳洗干 净，换上最漂亮的衣服。 ◊ It's time you got cleaned up and ready for the evening. 你该梳洗 停当，准备好参加晚会。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv clean up; clean sth up to remove dirt, etc. from a place and make it clean ( 把… ) 打扫干净：I've got to clean up before my parents get home. 在父母回家之前，我得把家里拾掇干 净。 ◊ Who's going to clean up after you (= clean the mess that you made)? 谁会跟在 后面替你收拾？ ◊ How often is the trash and litter cleaned up? 垃圾多长时间清理一次？ [OBJ] mess, house, environment ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► clean-up n [usually sing.] the act of removing dirt, etc. from a place to clean it 清 洁；打扫 clean sb up to clean sb thoroughly 把 (某 人) 弄干净：Dad cleaned me up after I fell over in the mud. 我跌进泥水里，爸爸把我收拾 干净了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n clean sth up to remove criminals, crime or immoral behaviour from a place or an organization 消除 (犯罪或不道德行为)；清 理；整顿：The mayor is determined to clean up the city and make it a safer place to live. 市长 决心整治好这座城市，使人们安居乐业。 ◊ The company is trying to clean up its image. 公司正 努力改善形象。 [OBJ] city, image ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM clean up your 'act to start behaving in a responsible way 重新做人；改过自新；洗心 革面 ► clean-up n [usually sing.] the act of removing crime or immoral behaviour from a place or an organization ( 对犯罪或不道德行 为的) 清理，整治 clear clear /klɪə(r); AmE klɪrl/ clear a'way； clear sth a way (especially BrE) to remove things that you have been using and no longer need in order to leave a clear space 把…清除掉 (以留出空间): I'll help you to clear away after tea. 喝完茶后我帮你收 拾。◊ to clear away the dishes 收拾盘子 ◊ Can you clear your books away? 把你的书收起来 好吗？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n clear sb a way (AmE) to make sb leave a place 赶走；撵走：The police cleared the demonstrators away. 警察驱散了示威者。 ♦v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n clear off (informal, especially BrE) to go or run away 离开；溜掉；逃走： You've no right to be here. Clear off! 你无权呆在这里。走开！ ◊ He cleared off as soon as he heard the police car. 一 听到警车声他便马上溜走了。◊ I asked if I could play with them, but they told me to clear off home. 我问能不能和他们一起玩，他们却叫我滚 回家去。-> note at GO AWAY ♦ v + adv clear out; clear out of sth [informal to leave a place quickly 迅速离开：Would it be better for you if I just cleared out and went back to London? 我马上离开这里回伦敦，是否对你更 好一些？ ◊ I told him to clear out of the house by Monday. 我叫他星期一前搬出这所房子。 SYN get out; get out of sth -> note at GO AWAY ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep clear sth out to make sth empty and clean by removing what you do not want 腾空； 清 理干净：I cleared out all the cupboards. 我把所 有橱柜全部腾空了。 SYN tidy sth out (BrE) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► clear-out n [usually sing.] （informal, especially BrE) the act of throwing away all the things you no longer want or need or of getting rid of people you no longer want 清 理；清除；裁减：a clear-out of staff to reduce the wages bill 为减少工资支出而进行的裁员 clear up if the weather clears up, it becomes brighter and rain, etc. moves away (天气) 转晴，放晴：For a week, it rained all day and cleared up in the evening. 一个星期以 来都是白天下雨、晚上放晴。 SYN brighten up ♦ v + adv clear up； dear sth up 1 to make sth dean and neat 打扫；清理：I'll help you clear up. 我来帮你收拾。 ◊ Clear up the mess in here before you go. 把这里乱糟糟的东西拾掇整齐再 走。 [OBJ] mess SYN tidy up, tidy sth up (especially BrE) -> note at TIDY UP 2 if an illness, infection, etc. dears up or sth clears it up, it disappears (疾病、感染等) 痊愈，治 愈：The rash cleared up very quickly. 皮疹很快 消失了。◊ The antibiotics should clear up the infection. 抗生素应该能治好这种感染。[OBJ] rash, infection ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n clear sth up to solve a problem; to find an explanation for sth 解决；解答：to clear up a mystery 揭开谜团。 ◊ I'm glad we've cleared that misunderstanding up. 我很高兴我们消除了 误会。 [OBJ] confusion, matter, problem, mystery -> note at WORK STH OUT ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv click click /klɪk/ click through (to sth) to visit a website by clicking on a link or advertisement on another web page 点击进入 ( 链接或广告以访问另一网 页)：You can only get that information by clicking through from the home page. 只能通过 点击进入主页获得该类信息。 ♦ v + adv ► click-through n [C, U] the number of people who follow a link on the Internet to a particular web page 点击量：Our banner ads have a 2% click-through. 我们的条幅广告点击 率是 2%。 ◊ poor click-through rates 很低的点 击率 climb climb/klaɪm/ climb 'down (over sth) (informal) to admit that you are wrong or have made a mistake; to change your position in an argument 承认 错误；作出让步：The president was forced to climb down and issue an apology. 总统被迫妥 协并致歉。 SYN back down (on/from sth); give in (to sb/sth) ♦ v + adv ► climbdown (over sth) n an act of admitting that you are wrong or have made a mistake; an act of changing your position in an argu- ment 认错；退让；屈服 cling cling /klɪŋ/ (clung, clung /klʌŋ/) cling on (to sth/sb), ding to sth to hold sth/sb tightly; to not let go of sth/sb 紧紧抓 住；不愿放开: She dung on for dear life. 她拼 命抓着不放。 ◊ I clung to the side so as not: to fall 我死死抓住侧边，以免摔下去。 SYN hang on -> note at HOLD ON ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep ♦ v + adv + prep cling to sth； .cling on to sth to be unwilling to stop doing, believing or thinking about sth; to be unwilling to get rid of sth 不 愿放弃; 坚持: I still cling to the hope that he's alive. 我始终抱着希望，他仍然活看。 ◊ She’s clinging on to the past. 她对过去依然难以释怀。 [OBJ] past, power, tradition ♦ v + prep ♦ v + adv + prep clock clock /klɒk; AmE klɑːk/ clock in/ on； .clock sb in/ on (BrE) to record the time that you arrive at work, especially by putting a card into a machine; to do this for sb or check the time they arrive at work (尤指用打卡机) 记录 (某人) 上班到达 时间；上班打卡：We arrived and clocked on for the nightshift. 我们到了单位，就打卡上夜班。 SYN punch in, punch sb in (AmE) OPP clock off/out, clock sb off/out ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv clock in at sth to last or take a particular amount of time; to cost a particular amount of money 持续，花费 (时间)；花掉，耗费 (金 钱): The fastest runner clocked in at 3 minutes 40 seconds. 最快的赛跑选手用了 3分40秒。 ♦ v + adv + prep clock off/ out； .clock sb off/ out (BrE) to record the time that you leave work, especially by putting a card into a machine; to do this for sb (尤指用打卡机) 记录 (某人) 下班离开时间；下班打卡： Don't forget to clock off when you leave. 下班离开时别忘了打卡。 SYN punch out, punch sb out (AmE) OPP clock in/on, clock sb in/on ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv clock 'on, etc. (BrE) -> CLOCK IN/ON, ETC. clock out, etc. (BrE) -> CLOCK OFF/OUT, ETC. dock sth 'up (informal) to win or achieve a particular number or amount 达到 (某一数字 或数量)：We've clocked up 500 miles (= we've travelled 500 miles) today. 我们今天的行程 达到 500英里。 ◊ The company has clocked up record exports this year. 公司今年出口创了 纪录。 [OBJ] miles, years SYN notch sth up ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv (rare) clog clog /klɒɡ; AmE klɑːɡ/ (-gg-) clog up (with sth), ,clog sth up (with sth) to become, or to make sth, blocked so that nothing can move (用…) 塞满，把…阻塞： The pipe had clogged up (with mud). 管道被 (泥) 堵住了。◊ The roads were clogged up with traffic. 道路交通堵塞。 [OBJ] roads, pipes SYN block up, block sth up NOTE Clog and clog sth are used on their own with a similar meaning. * clog 和 clog sth 单独 使用也作相近含义。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv close close /kləʊz; AmE kloʊz/ close down； .close sth down if a shop/store, business, etc. doses down, or sb doses it down, it stops operating as a business, usually permanently ( 使商店、企业 等 ) 停业，倒闭：Many businesses have closed down because of the recession. 由于经济衰退， 很多企业纷纷倒闭。 ◊ The government has closed down most of the mines. 政府关闭了大多 数矿场。 ◊ The hospital closed down last year. 医院去年关闭了。 SYN shut down, shut sth down OPP open up, open sth up NOTE Close and close sth are also used on their own * close 和 close sth 也单独使用：The factory was closed last year. 工厂去年关闭了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► close-down n [U, sing.] the stopping of work, especially permanently, in an office, factory, etc. (尤指永久的) 停工，停业，倒闭 close in 1 (on sb/sth) to come nearer to and surround sb/sth in a frightening way or in order to attack them 逼近；包围： The enemy is closing in. 敌人渐渐逼近了。 ◊ The fog was closing in on us. 我们逐渐被大雾笼罩。2 (especially 8rQ when the days close in, they gradually become shorter (白昼) 逐渐变短， 渐短：The days/nights are closing in now that autumn/fall is here. 秋天来临，白天越来越短/天黑得越来越早。 ◊ The evenings are closing in fast.天黑得越来越早。SYN draw in (BrE) ♦ v + adv close sth 'off (to sb/sth) to put sth across the entrance to a road, a room, etc. so that people cannot go in 隔离；封堵：Police have closed the area off to traffic. 警方封锁了这一地区的交通。 ◊ (figurative) We don't want to close off any options. 我们并不想排除任何一个选项。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n close on sb/sth (BrE) to make the distance between you and sb/sth else smaller, for example in a race (赛跑等中) 缩短同...的距 离，逼近：I was slowly closing on the runner ahead of me. 我慢慢追上了跑在我前面的人。 ♦ v + prep close on/over sth to surround sth, covering it or holding it tightly 遮盖；握紧；箍紧：His fingers closed over the money. 他的手紧紧地攥 着那些钱。 ♦ v + prep close 'out (AmE) if a shop/store closes out, it sells everything very cheaply before it stops operating as a business (商店) 停业甩卖，歇 业抛售：The store is closing out on Monday with discounts of up to 75%. 这家商店星期一要停 业，商品折价甩卖，最大折扣达到75%。 ♦ v + adv ► closeout n (AmE) an occasion when a shop/store sells all remaining goods very cheaply before it stops operating 停业甩卖； 歇业抛售：a closeout sale 停业大减价 NOTE In British English, this is called a dosing-down sale. 英国英语的说法是 closing-down sale。 close sth out 1 to prevent light, sound, etc. from entering a place 遮蔽，屏蔽 (光线、声音 等)：Wie need a curtain up there to close out the light. 我们得在那儿挂幅帘子遮挡光线。[OBJ] light, noise SYN shut sth out 2 (AmE, informal) to bring sth to an end 结束；终止：The vote closed out the three-day debate. 投票为三天的 辩论画上了句号。3 (AmE) if you close out a bank account, you stop keeping money in it 注 销，结清 (银行账户)：I'd like to close out my savings account 我想注销我的储蓄胀户。[OBJ] only account NOTE Close sth is also used on its own * close sth 也单独使用：I'd like to close my savings account. 我想注销我的储蓄账户。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv close over sth -> CLOSE ON/OVER STH close 'up 1 to close completely 关闭；闭合: His eye had swollen and closed up. 他的眼睛肿 得睁不开了。 ◊ The cut took a long time to close up (= to heal). 伤口过了很长时间才愈合。OPP open up 2 to hide your thoughts and feelings 隐瞒，掩饰 (思想感情)： She closed up when I mentioned her father. 我提起她的父亲时，她避 而不谈。OPP open up 3 if people or vehicles close up, they move nearer to each other 靠 拢； 靠近：Traffic was heavy and cars were clos- ing up behind each other. 交通拥挤不堪，一辆 一辆的汽车越挨越近。 ♦ v + adv close up； close sth up to shut and lock a building completely for a period of time ( 暂 时) 关门，锁门：You go on home. Ill close up (= shut the shop/store). 你尽管回家吧。我来 关店门。 ◊ He closes the shop up at 5.30. 他 5 点 30 分关店门。 ◊ They closed the house up and rented an apartment in the city. 他们把那所房 子锁上，在城里租了套公寓。 OPP open up, open sth up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM close up 'shop (AmE) (of a business) to stop operaring 歇业；关闭：After only six months in business we were forced to close up shop. 营业仅仅六个月，我们就被迫停业了。 cloud cloud /klaʊd/ cloud over 1 (AmE also .cloud up) if the sky or the weather clouds over, clouds cover the sky and the sun disappears (天色) 阴暗 下来；阴云蔽日: It's starting to cloud over.天 阴了起来。[SUBJ] it, the sky 2 if your face, expression, etc. clouds over, you start to look sad, worried or angry (脸色) 阴沉下来；满脸 哀伤；愁容满面；面有怒色：His face clouded over when she walked into the room. 她一 走进屋，他的脸色立时阴沉下来。[SUBJ] face, expression, eyes ♦ v + adv cloud up (AmE) 1 -> CLOUD OVER 1: After lunch the sky clouded up, and we went home. 午饭过后天空乌云密布，我们就回家去了。 2 if your glasses cloud up, they become covered with very small drops of water so that you cannot see through them (眼镜) 布满水汽, 模糊不清： It was cold out and my glasses cloud- ed up when I came inside. 外面很冷，我一进 屋，镜片就蒙上了水雾。 ♦ v + adv clown clown /klaʊn/ clown abound (BrE also .down about) to behave in a silly way to make other people laugh 扮小丑； 装疯卖傻；滑稽逗乐 SYN mess around (informal) ♦ v + adv club club /klʌb/ (-bb-) club together (to do sth) if people club together, they each give an amount of money so that the total can be used for a particular purpose 凑份子；凑钱：They clubbed together to buy their teacher a present. 他们凑钱给老师买 了个礼物。 SYN chip in (with sth) ♦ v + adv clue clue/kluː/ clue sb 'in (on/about sth) (AmE, informal to give sb information about sth (就某事) 为(某人)提供消息：Can you clue me in on the facts of the case? 你能告诉我这件案子的实情 吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► clued- in (on/about sth) adj having a lot of information about sth 掌握大量 (有关…的) 信息的；消息灵通的 NOTE Clued-up is used in British English with this meaning. 英国英语用 clued-up 作此义。 cluster cluster /ˈklʌstə(r)/ cluster a round sb/sth (Br£ also .cluster a'bout/1 round sb/sth) to form a group around sb/sth 聚集在...周围；围聚着：People clustered around the market stalls. 人们围拢在市场货摊 周围。 ♦ v + prep cluster together to come together in a small group 聚集：群聚；群集：The children clustered together in a comer of the room. 孩子 们聚集在房间的一角。 ♦ v + adv clutch clutch /klʌtʃ/ clutch at sth/sb to try to get hold of sb/sth suddenly 抓住；握住：She clutched at her stomach, obviously in pain. 她一下子捂住肚 子，显然很痛苦。 SYN catch at sth/sb; grasp at sth ♦ v + prep IDM clutch at 'straws to try every possible way to escape from a difficult situation, even though there seems to be little hope of doing so 捞救命稻草；绝望地挣扎 clutter clutter/ˈklʌtə(r)/ clutter sth 'up (with sth) to fill or cover sth with lots of things so that it looks very untidy (用…) 凌乱地塞满. 堆满： I'm sick of all these books cluttering up my office. 这么多书乱七八 槽地堆在办公室里让我很厌恶。 NOTE Clutter sth is used on its own with a similar meaning. * clutter sth 单独使用也作相 近含义。 -> note at MESS STH UP ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv coax coax /kəʊks; AmE koʊks/ coax sb into sth； coax sb into doing sth to persuade sb to do sth by talking to them gently 哄劝某人做某事： Can we coax you into singing for us? 我们能劝您为我们唱歌吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + prep coax sb out of sth； .coax sb out of doing sth to persuade sb not to do sth by talking to them gently 哄劝某人不做某事：Try to coax him. out of resigning. 尽量好言好语地说 服他不要辞职。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep coax sth out of sb； coax sth from sb to persuade sb to do sth or to give you sth by talking gently 哄劝某人做某事；从某人处哄得 某物：She coaxed a smile from the baby. 她把婴 儿哄笑了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep cobble cobble /ˈkɒbl; AmE ˈkɑːbl/ cobble sth to gether (informal) to put sth together or to make sth quickly or carelessly, with whatever time and materials you have available 胡乱拼凑；草率制成；粗制滥造: (figurative) The government seems to have cob- bled together these proposals. 政府的这些提案 看来搞得很草率。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cock cock /kɒk; AmE kɑːk/ cock 'up； .cock sth up (slang, especially BrE) to spoil or ruin sth by doing it badly or by making a mistake 把...搞糟；把...弄得一塌糊涂： You've really cocked up this time. 你这次确实弄 得糟糕透顶。◊ The travel agency completely cocked up the arrangements. 旅行社把行程安排 搞得乱七八糟。◊ Don't cock things up again! 别 把事情再搞砸了！ SYN mess up, etc; bungle sth (informal) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► cock-up n (slang, especially BrE) a mistake that spoils or ruins plans or arrangements; sth that has been spoilt because it has been badly done 错误；混乱；一团糟： She's made a complete cock-up of the arrangements. 她把计 划全搅乱了。 coil coil /kɔɪl/ NOTE A coil is a series of circles formed by winding rope, etc. * coil 指绳圈、线圈等。 coil up； .coil sth up to wind into coils; to make sth do this (将…) 卷起、盘起： The snake coiled up in the sunshine. 蛇在阳光下盘 了起来。 ◊ He coiled the rope up neatly. 他把绳 子整齐地卷起来。 [OBJ] rope, string ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n collect collect /kəˈlekt/ collect sth up to bring together things that are no longer being used 把 (不再使用的物 品) 收起来：Would somebody collect up all the dirty glasses? 请问，这些脏杯子有人来收拾吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n colour colour (BrE) (AmE color) /ˈkʌlə(r) / colour sth 'in to fill a shape, an area, etc. with colour, using pencils or pens (用笔) 给...着色、为…上色：Why don't you colour the pictures in? 你为什么不给这些画涂色呢？ [OBJ] picture, drawing ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n color @@@LINK=colour comb comb /kəʊm; AmE koʊm/ NOTE A comb is a flat piece of plastic, etc. with a row of thin teeth along one side, used for making your hair neat. * comb 指梳子。 comb sth out 1 to use a comb to remove knots from your hair or to make it neat 梳理 (头发)： My hair's so long that it takes me ages to comb it out. 我的头发太长，梳好要花很 长时间。 [OBJ] hair 2 (also comb sth out of sth) to remove dirt, knots, etc. from hair or fur with a comb 梳去 (污垢、发结等)： She brushed her hair and then combed out the tangles. 她刷了刷头发，然后把打结的地方梳 开。[OBJ] knots, tangles ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n 2 also v + n/pron + adv + prep comb sth 'over to arrange your hair to hide a place on your head where there is no hair (用头发) 遮盖 (脱发处) [OBJ] hair ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► comb-over n: He sported a terrible comb-over worthy of a football manager. 他刻 意用侧边头发遮掩秃顶，典型的足球教练式丑 发型。 come come /kʌm/ (came /keɪm/, come) come about to happen 发生：It's hard to understand how the accident came about. 很难 理解事故是怎么发生的。 ◊ Can you tell us how it came about that you decided to strike? 你能 告诉我你们为什么决定罢工吗？ SYN happen ♦ v + adv come a cross (also ,come over) 1 (also come 'through) [+ adv/prep] (of an idea, an opinion or a feeling 想法、意见或感情) to be expressed clearly and understood easily 传 达；被理解：Do you think the film's message comes across clearly? 你认为这靠影片的寓意传 达得很清楚吗？ ◊ These themes come across very strongly in the novel 这些主题在小说中表现得 淋漓尽致。 ◊ I could tell she was frightened. It came over in her voice. 我看得出她很害怕。 这从她的声音中很容易听出来。 ◊ The feeling of solidarity among the people really came through. 人们充分表达出万众一心的气概。2 (AmE also .come 'off informal) [+ adv/prep] (as sth) to make a particular impression on people 给人以...印象：使产生...印象：She comes across well in interviews. 她在面试中常给人留 下很好的印象。 ◊ At the press conference, he came over as cool and confident. 他在记者招待 会上给人的印象是冷静自信。 ♦ v + adv come across (with sth) (informal) to provide or supply sth that sb asks for, especially money 提供，给予 (所求索的金钱等)：They eventually came across with another $250000. 他们最后又给了 25万元。 ◊ We still hope the company will come across for us. 我们依然希望 公司给予我们所需。 ♦ v + adv come across； come across sth to cross a room, a road, a river, etc. towards the place where the speaker is (走过房间、道路、河流 等而) 来到，过来： When you've done your homework, come across to my house and well listen to some music. 你完成作业后就来我家， 我们听听音乐。◊ She waved and came across the room to talk to me. 她向我招招手，然后从 房间那头走过来和我说话。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v+ prep come across sb/sth to meet or find sb/sth by chance, without having planned or thought about it (偶然) 遇见，发现：He's the most unpleasant man I've ever come across. 他是我见 过的最令人厌恶的男人。 ◊ She came across a pile of old photographs while she was clearing the attic. 她清理阁楼时偶然发现了一沓旧照片。 SYN encounter sb/sth (formal) ♦ v + prep come after sb/sth to chase or follow a person or an animal to try to catch them 追赶； 追逐： The farmer came after them, threatening to call the police. 农夫一边追赶他们 一边威胁说要报警。 ♦ v + prep come along 1 to arrive or appear some- where; to start to exist, happen or be available 到达；出现:H's lucky you came along when you did or I'd have been stranded at the bus stop for an hour! 还好那时你到了，否则我就得在公共汽 车站耗上一小时！ ◊ When the right opportunity comes along, hell take it. 只要有合适的机会， 他会抓住的。 ◊ There are new designs coming along. 新款即将面世。SYN turn up 2 (AmE also come 'with informal) to go somewhere with sb 跟随；同去： We're going to the pub. Do you want to come along? 我们要去酒吧。想一 起去吗？ ◊ You'd better come along with me to the police station. 你最好跟我去趟警察局。 3 -> COME ON 4 4 (especially BrE) -> COME ON 1 ♦ v + adv come a long; come a long sth to move forward or from one end of sth to the other, towards the speaker (沿…) 过来： I waited for ages for a bus, then three came along together! 我等公共汽车好半天，后来一下子来了三辆！ ◊ The lorry was coming along the road at great speed. 货车一路飞驰而来。 [OBJ] road ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come a part to break or fall into pieces 破 裂；破碎：The teapot just came apart in my hands. 茶壶就在我手中裂开了。 ◊ （figurative） After the first act, the play begins to come apart at the seams （= have a lot of problems）. 第一 幕过后，这出戏就开始破绽百出。 SYN fall apart ♦ v + adv come a'round, etc. （especially AmE） -> COME ROUND, ETC. come a round sth （BrE also .come round sth） to move or travel around a comer 绕过 （拐角）；走弯道： The bus came round the bend too fast. 公共汽车在弯道处开得太快。 [OBJ] only corner, bend ♦ v + prep come at sb to move towards sb as if you are going to attack them 逼近，迫近（以袭击某 人） : She came at me with a knife. 她拿着刀子 向我扑来。◊ （figurative'） The questions came at me so fast that I didn't have time to think about them. 问题像连珠炮一般向我袭来，我无 暇思考。 ♦ v + prep come at sth to approach, think about or try to deal with a question, problem, etc. in a particular way 处理, 应对（问题、困难等）： We're getting nowhere. Let's try coming at the problem from a different angle. 我们这样会毫无 进展，还是换个角度考虑这个难题吧。 [OBJ problem ♦ v + prep come a way; come a way from sth 1 to leave a place or a person 离开；离去：Come away, now. There's nothing to see. 走吧。没什 么可看的。 ◊ Jane came away from the meeting feeling angry and upset. 简又气又急地离开了会 场。 2 to become separated from sth 脱离；脱 落：He pulled at the door handle until it came away in his hands. 他一直拽着门把手，最后把 它拽了下来。 ◊ The plaster had started to come away from the wall. 灰泥已开始从墙上脱落。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep come a way with sth to leave a place with a particular feeling, impression or result 带着 （某种感觉、印象或结果）离开: She came away from the championship with three medals. 她 在锦标赛上获得了三枚奖牌。 ◊ We came away SYNONYMS同义词辨析 come back come back ♦ get back ♦ go back ♦ return ♦ turn back These verbs all mean to come or go back from one place to another. 这些动词都表示返回。 come back to return 回来；返回：He came back home years later, a changed man, 几年后 他回到家，完全变了个人。 get back to arrive back somewhere, especially at your home or the place where you are staying 回到，返回（尤指家里或停留之处）： What time did you get back last night? 你昨晚 几点回来的？ ◊ When I finally get back home, I'm going to have a big party! 最终回家之后， 我要办个盛大的聚会！ go back to return to the place you recently or originally came from or that you have been to before 回去；返回：She went back into the kitchen. 她回到了厨房。 return to come or go back from one place to another 回去； 返回：She's returning to Australia tomorrow after a year in Europe. 她在欧洲已 呆了一年，明天就要回澳大利亚。 ◊ I returned from work to find the house was empty. 我下 班回来，发现屋子空无一人。 ◊ The Prime Minister recently returned from a summit at Camp David. 首相参加完戴维营峰会刚回国。 turn back to return the way that you came, especially because sth stops you from continuing （尤指无法前行）折回，原路返回: The weather got so bad that we had to turn 天气糟透了，我们只得返回。◊ I think we're lost—we'll have to turn back. 我觉得我 们迷路了——我们得往回走。 WHICH WORD? Return is slightly more formal than the other verbs in this group, and is used more often in writing or formal speech. Come back is usually used from the point of view of the person or place that sb returns to; go back is usually used from the point of view of the person who is returning * return 比这一组其他动词略显正 式，多用于书面语或正式谈话。come back 通常 是对返回的人或地点而言；go back 通常是对返 回的人而言：Come back and visit again soon! 欢 迎早日再次光临！ ◊ Do you ever want to go back to China? 你曾想过回中国去吗？ PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to return/come back/go back/get back to/from/with sth ■ to come back/go back/get back outside/upstairs/down, etc. ■ to return/come back/go back/get back/turn back again ■ to return/come back/go back/get back home/to work ■ to return/come back/get back safely with the impression that something was wrong. 我们离去时觉得有些不对劲。 ♦ v + adv + prep come back 1 to return to the place where the speaker is 回来； 返回：Come back here at once! 马上回到这儿！ ◊ Did she say when she was coming back? 她说过何时回来吗？ ◊ Why don't you come back to my place for a coffee? 为 什么不来我这里喝杯咖啡呢？ ◊ They came back from the trip relaxed and happy. 他们旅行归 来，轻松愉快。◊ She went into the kitchen and came back with two glasses of milk. 她走进 厨房，拿来两杯牛奶。 ◊ Well come back for the car tomorrow. 我们明天回来取汽车。 ◊ （figurative） Liverpool came back from being 2-0 down to win the game. 利物浦队在 0:2 落后的 情况下反败为胜。SYN return （more formal） 2 to begin to exist or happen again 再次出现； 再度发生：My headache has come back again. 我的头疼病又犯了。 ◊ Her confidence is starting to come back slowly. 她正慢做恢复自信。SYN return OPP go away 3 to return to school or work after a break （休假后）返校，回去工作: Do you know when Bill is coming back to work? 你知道比尔何时回来上班吗？ 4 to become popular, successful or fashionable again 再受 欢迎；再次成功；再度盛行：80s hairstyles are coming back into fashion. * 80 年代的发型又流 行起来了。 ◊ 80s hairstyles are coming back in. ◊ 80年代的发型又流行起来了。 ◊ Do you think trams will come back? 你看有轨电车会重获新生 吗？ 5 （of a message or a reply 信息或答复）to be given in answer to a message, letter, etc. that you have sent or a question that you have asked 答复；回复：I sent her an email and a message came back that she was away. 我给 她发了封电子邮件, 收到回复信息说她外出了。 6 （to sb） to return to your memory, often suddenly （突然）回忆起，回想起： It's all coming back to me now. 现在我全都回想起来 了。7 （at sb）（with sth） to reply to sb quickly, strongly or angrily 回击； 驳斥：She came back at the speaker with some questions. 她用提问来 反驳发言人。 ◊ He came back straight away, telling me what he thought of me. 他立刻还 击，说出了他对我的看法。 ♦ v + adv ► comeback n 1 [usually sing.] if a person makes a comeback, they return to per- forming or to public life after a long time, or they become popular again （长期沉寂之后 的）复出，东山再起，再度走红：The band's trying to make/stage a comeback. 这支乐队正 准备复出。2 if sth makes a comeback, it becomes popular or fashionable again 再度风 行；再次盛行：Cartoons seem to be making a comeback. 漫画似乎又重新流行起来了。 3 a way of getting payment or a reward for sth unfair or wrong that has been done to you 获 得补偿的方式： Will I have no comeback if the contract falls through? 如果合同落空，我得不 到赔偿吗？ 4 a quick reply that is often angry, insulting, clever or humorous （气愤、带有侮 辱性、机智或幽默的）迅速回答，当场反驳：For once in her life, she had no sharp comeback, 她 平生第一次没有立刻反唇相讥。 come back to sth to return to a particular subject, an idea, etc. and start to talk about it or think about it 回到（主题、想法等）上来：I'll come back to that point in a moment. 我稍后还 会讲到这一点。 ◊ It always seems to come back to the question of money. 话题似乎总是回到钱 的问题上来。 SYN return to sth （more formal） ♦ v + adv + prep come be fore sb/sth （formaD （of a legal case, a proposal or an issue 法律案件、提议或 议题）to be presented to sb/sth so that they can discuss it or make a decision or a judgement about it 提交...供讨论（或作决定、 判决） : The case comes before the court next week. 这桩案件下周提交法院审理。◊ The bill came before parliament last month. 议案上月呈 交议会。 [OBJ] court, committee, judge, parliament ♦ v + prep come between sb and sb； .come between sb and sth to harm or disturb a relationship between two people; to prevent sb from doing, enjoying or having sth 损害 （或离间）… 之间的关系； 阻碍某人做某事： Nobody will ever come between them. 没人能拆 散他们。 ◊ I don't want to come between her and her work. 我不想妨碍她工作。 ♦ v + prep come by; come by sth 1 to pass sb/sth without stopping （从…旁）经过，走过：Some kids on bikes came by, but they didn't notice me. 一些孩子骑着自行车从旁边过去了，可他 们没注意到我。 2 （especially AmE） to come to visit sb for a short time in a relaxed or informal way 短暂看望；来串门：Thanks for coming by yesterday. 谢谢你昨天来看我。 ◊ Come by on your way home from work, 你下班 回家的路上过来坐坐吧。 ◊ If you come by the office tomorrow, I'll have it ready for you. 如果 你明天能来办公室一趟，我会给你准备好。SYN drop by; stop by, stop by sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come by sth to manage to get sth; to receive sth by chance 设法得到；偶然得到：Jobs are hard to come by these days. 如今找工作很难。◊ Information about the company was not easy to come by. 这家公司的相关资料不容易弄到手。 ◊ How did you come by that cut on your hand? 你手上的伤口是怎么弄的？ ◊ Old postcards are fairly easily come by. 老明信片现在很容易 弄到。 SYN get sth; obtain sth （more formal） ♦ v + prep come down 1 （from ... ） （to ... ） to travel from one place to another, especially from the north of a country to the south （从…）过来 （到…）（尤指从一国北部到南部）：When are you going to come down and see us? 你何时过 来看我们？ 2 if a price, a level or an amount comes down, it becomes lower or less than SYNONYMS同义词辨析 come down alight ♦ come down ♦ land ♦ settle ♦ touch down All these words mean to come down through the air and onto the ground or another surface. 这些动词都表示降落。 alight (formal) (of a bird or insect) to land on or in sth after flying to it (鸟或昆虫) 飞 落, 停落: A butterfly fluttered by and alighted on a rose. 一只蝴蝶振翅飞过，落在玫瑰花上。 come down (of an aircraft) to land or fall from the sky (飞机) 着陆，降落，坠落: The passenger plane came down somewhere east of Moscow. 客机坠落在莫斯科以东某地。 land to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface 着陆；降落；落： The space shuttle landed safely at 12.45 p.m. 航天飞机下午 12:45 安全降落。 ◊ A fly landed on the dog's nose. 一只苍蝇落在狗的鼻子上。 settle to come down from the airy land on sth and stay therefor some time 停留；停歇： Dust had settled on everything. 到处落满灰 尘。。Two birds settled on the fence. 两只鸟落 在篱笆上。 touch down (of a plane or spacecraft) to land (飞机或航天器) 着陆，降落：The shuttle will touch down at 6 a.m. GMT. 航天飞机将于格林 尼治时间上午6点着陆。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to land/settle/come down/touch down/alight safely ■ to be due/scheduled to land/come down/touch down ■ to be forced to land/come down before (价格、水平或数量) 下滑，降低：oil is coming down in price. 石油价格在下跌。◊ Inflation has come down twice in the last month. 通货膨胀率上月两度回落。 SYN decrease (more formal); drop; fall OPP go up 3 to break and fall to the ground 崩塌；坍 塌；倒塌：Part of the ceiling had come down. 天 花板有一处塌了下来。SYN collapse 4 (of a plane, etc.飞机等) to fall from the sky; to be brought down to the ground 坠落；降落：The pilot was forced to come down in a field.飞行员 迫降在田野 5 (of rain, snow, etc. 雨、雪等) to fall 落下；降落：The rain was coming down harder now. 雨下大了。 only the rain, the snow SYN fall 6 [+ adv/prep] to decide that you support or oppose sb/sth and say so publicly 决定并宣布 (支持或反对): I knew my parents would come down on my sister's side. 我知道父母会站在妹妹 一边。◊ The committee came down against the proposal. 委员会表态反对这项提议。 ◊ Voters came down firmly in favour of reform. 选民 表示坚决支持改革。7 when the curtain in a theatre comes down, it is the end of the performance ( 剧院帷幕 ) 落下 (表示演出结 束): When the curtain came down, we all rushed for the exits. 演出一结束，我们纷纷冲向 各个出口。OPP go up 8 [ + adv/prep ] to reach down to a particular point 下垂，向下延伸 ( 到某一点 )：My mother's hair comes down to her waist. 我母亲的头发垂至腰部。9 (from sth) (informal) to stop having the pleasant feelings and excitement that sth such as an enjoyable experience or a drug produces (愉快或兴奋过 后） 平静下来：The party was so good I haven't really come down yet. 晚会太棒了，我现在还沉 浸其中不能平静。 ◊ He still hasn't come down from the caffeine. 他仍未从咖啡因带来的兴奋中 平静下来。10 (from sth) (to sth) (of a person selling sth 卖方)to suggest or agree to a lower price 降价出售；降低售价：I wasn't prepared to pay £1500, but they eventually came down to £1350. 我不愿出 1500 英镑，可他们最后降 到了 1350 英镑。 ◊ Can you come down another $30?你能再便宜 30 元吗？ 11 (from sth) (BrE, formal) to leave a university (especially Oxford or Cambridge) after finishing your studies (尤指从牛津 或 剑桥) 大学毕业：When did you come down (from Oxford)? 你何时 (从 牛津) 毕业的？ OPP come up (to sth) ♦ v + adv 10 also v + adv + n IDM come (back) down to earth (with a bang/'bump) to return to the reality of normal life after a period of great excitement or a time when you have been living in a way that is not very practical 回到现实中；停止做 白日梦：He came (back) down, to earth with a bang when he discovered that all his money had run out. 他发现自己的钱全用光了，才猛醒 过来。 ► comedown n [usually sing.] (informal) 1 a situation which is not as good, important or interesting as one you have experienced previ- ously 倒退；退步：It's a bit of a comedown after her previous job. 这比她的上一份工作稍差了 点。2 a bad feeling which you get after the pleasant effects of a drug have disappeared ( 毒品带来的快感消失后的 ) 难受，不舒服 come down; come down sth to move from a higher place or position to a lower one, or from a place that is far away towards the speaker (从…) 下来，过来：Come down from that tree! 从树上下来！ ◊ The car was coming down the road towards us. 汽车沿着马路朝我们 开来。 ◊ Jack came down the stairs two at a time. 杰克一步两级台阶走下楼来。 OPP come up, come up sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v+ prep come 'down on sb (informal) to punish sb or criticize sb severely 惩罚；训斥：The courts are coming down heavily on drug dealers. 法庭 要严惩毒品贩子。 ◊ Don't come down too hard on him—he's young. 不要对他这么凶---他还 小呢。 NOTE Come down on sb is always used with an adverb such as hard or a phrase with a similar meaning * come down on sb 总是与 hard 等副词或含义相近的短语连用：if it happens again, weV. come down on you so hard that you'll wish you'd never been born, 如果再有这 种事，我们会叫你吃不了兜着走。 ◊ He came down on me like a ton of bricks. 他劈头盖脸地 教训了我一顿。 ♦ v + adv + prep come down to sb （from sb/sth） to be passed to sb from sb who lived in the past （从…）流传下来：The family estate came down to her from her grandfather. 家产是祖父留给她 的。[SUBJ] story, name, tradition ♦ v + adv + prep come 'down to sth to be able to be explained as one simple, important question or point 可归结为；可归纳为：It all comes down to a matter of priorities in the end 归根 到底，这都是孰先孰后的问题。 ◊ When it comes down to it （= the most important fact is）, we can't afford to go. 关键是我们去不起。 ◊ What it comes down to is a choice between money or happiness. 这可以归结为一个问题，就是要金钱 还是要幸福。 ♦ v + adv + prep come down with sth to get an illness, often not a very serious one 患，染上（小病）： I came down with a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 ◊ I think I'm coming down with something. 我猜我 是得了什么小病了。 [OBJ] flu, a cold SYN go down with sth; catch sth; get sth -> note at SUFFER FROM STH ♦ v + adv + prep come for sb/sth 1 to come to sb's home, or to the place where sb/sth is in order to take them/it somewhere 来接某人，来取某物（以带到另一处）：The police came for him this morning. 警察今天上午把他带走了。 ◊ Have you come for the parcel? 你是来取包裹的吗？ 2 to attack sb/sth 进攻；攻击：Sam came for me with his fists. 萨姆挥舞着拳头朝我打来。 ♦ v + prep come 'forth （literary） to appear or be pro- duced 出现；产生：He struck the rock and water came forth. 他敲打岩石，水就涌出来了。 ♦ v + adv ► forth coming adj 1 [only before noun] about to happen or appear very soon 即将发 生的；即将出现的：Who is in charge of pro- moting the band's forthcoming album? 谁负 责推广乐队即将推出的唱片？ 2 [not before noun] ready or made available when you need it 现成；随要随有：Unfortunately money for the project has not been forthcoming. 可 惜这个项目的资金还未到位。3 [not before noun] （of a person 人）ready to give infor- mation when they are asked 愿提供信息；配合： He's not very forthcoming about his love life. 他 不大愿意谈及他的爱情生活。 come 'forward （with sth） to offer to give help, information, etc. 主动提供（帮助、信 息等）：Police have asked witnesses tv come forward. 警方呼吁目击者出来作证。◊ We're hoping that a sponsor will come forward with the extra money. 我们希望有赞助者捐助额外资 金。 ◊ No one came forward to claim the reward. 无人前来领奖。 ♦ v + adv come from ... （not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时）to be born in or live in a particular place 出生于；来自：Where do you come from? 你是什么地方的人？ ◊ She comes from London. 她是伦敦人。 ♦ v + prep come from sth to start in a particular place or be made from a particular thing 来自；产自： Most of the wines that we sell come from France. 我们出售的葡萄酒大多产自法国。◊ Does your information come from a reliable source? 你的消息来源可靠吗？ ◊ I'm lazy? That's rich, coming from you! （= you are lazy too）我懒 惰？真好笑，你不懒呀？ ◊ He comes from a wealthy family. 他出身于富裕家庭。 ◊ Where's that terrible noise coming from? 那讨厌的噪音 是从哪里来的？ ◊ 93% of our energy comes from fossil fuels. 我们93%的能源来自矿物燃料。 ♦ v + prep IDM where sb is 'coming from (informal） a person's situation, attitude, ideas, etc. that make them say what they have said （决定 某人言论的）某人的全部背景，某人的动机： I know exactly where you're coming from. 我完全 了解你的立场。 come from sth； come from doing sth -> COME OF STH, COME OF DOING STH come in 1 when the sea comes in, it moves towards the land （海水）涌向陆地，涨潮：The tide was coming in fast. 潮水迅速上涨。OPP go out 2 to finish a race in a particular position （赛跑等比赛中）取得（名次）：Which horse came in first? 哪匹马得了第一名？ 3 to arrive; to be received 到达； 传来：News is coming in of a train crash in Scotland. 刚收到的消息说，苏 格兰发生了火车撞车事故。 ◊ We've got more work coming in than we can handle. 工作不断 增加，让我们应接不暇。 ◊ I met all the trains that came in from London. 从伦敦来的所有列车 都是我接的。◊ We've got just enough money coming in each month to pay the bills. 我 们每月的收入刚好够支付账单。4 to become available 可提供；可利用：English strawberries usually come in in June. 英格兰的草莓通常在六 月上市。 ◊ New jobs are coming in all the time. 新的职位不断涌现。5 if a law or a rule comes in, it is introduced and begins to take effect （法律或规则）开始生效: New legislation coming in. next month will tackle low pay. 下月 实施的新法规将着手解决低工资的问题。 6 to take part in a discussion or agreement 参加讨 论；加入协议： I'd like to come in here. 我现在想 说几句。 ◊ I wish he wouldn't keep coming in with his stupid suggestions, 我希望他不要没完 没了地提出愚蠢的建议。 ◊ If you want to come in on the deal, you need to decide now. 如果你 想加入这项交易，现在就得决定。 ♦ v + adv IDM come in handy/1 useful to be useful 有用 处；用得上：These boxes will come in handy when we move house. 我们搬家时这些箱子会派 上用场。 ► income n money that you receive regularly, especially as payment for work 收入 ► incoming adj [only before noun] 1 travelling towards a place and arriving there 到来的：incoming flights/passengers 进港航班 /旅客 2 （of the sea 海水）coming towards the land 涌向陆地的；上涨的 3 （of a phone call, letter or message 电话、信件或消息）sent to you or received by you 发来的；收到的: This phone only takes incoming calls. 这部电话只能 接听来电。4 recently appointed or elected 新 任的；新当选的：the incoming Socialist govern- ment 新当选的社会党政府 come in； come in sth； come into sth to enter a room or a building; to pass through sth such as a hole, a window, etc. 进入（房间或建筑物）；通过（洞口、窗户等）： I knocked and heard her say 'Come in：我敲了 敲门，听见她说 "进来”. ◊ The rain's coming in through that hole. 雨水从那个洞漏进来。 ◊ I'll ask him to call you as soon as he comes in （= arrives home or at work）. 他一来我就让他 给你打电话。 ◊ The sun was coming in at the windows. 阳光从窗户射进来。 ◊ When you come in the door, you'll find Reception on your left. 你 一进门就能看到左边的接待处。 ◊ She came into the room crying. 她哭着进了房间。 -> note at GO IN, GO IN STH ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come in； .come into sth 1 to go to an office or the place where you work, in order to do some work （到办公室或工作地点）去工 作：Are you coming into the office tomorrow? 你 明天去办公室吗？ [OBJ] the office, work 2 to have a part to play in sth; to play a useful role 有份儿; 起作用: I like the plan, but where do I come in （= what is my role）? 我赞成 这个计划，可我该做什么呢？ 3 to become fashionable; to start to be worn or used 时 兴；流行起束：When did platform heels come in? 厚底高跟鞋是何时流行的？ ◊ Trolleybuses first came in in 1923. 无轨电车最早出现于1923 年。◊ Punk clothes seem to be coming into fashion again. 朋克服装似乎又流行起来了。 OPP out 4 to go to a hospital to receive treatment, tests, etc. 到医院（接受治疗、检查 等）:Can you come in for the X-rays on Friday? 你星期五来照X光好吗？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come in for sth to receive sth, especially sth unpleasant 遭受；招致：The government has come in for severe criticism from all sides. 政府遭到各方的严厉批评。 ◊ The company came in for a lot of stick （= a lot of criticism） with their advertising campaign. 公司的广告宣传活 动备受指摘。 [OBJ] severe criticism ♦ v + adv + prep come in with sb （on sth）, ,come in （with sb） on sth if sb comes in with you, they join you in a particular project, activity, business, etc, 加入； 入伙：Do you want to come in with me on Joe's present? 你愿意和我凑份子 给乔买礼物吗？ ◊ My brother hoped I would come in with him when he started his own busi- ness. 哥哥希望我和他一起创业。◊ Do you want to come in on the deal? 你想参与这笔交易吗？ ♦ v + adv + prep come into sth 1 to begin to exist, happen, etc. 开始存在（或发生等）：The cherry trees are coming into blossom. 樱桃树开花了。 ◊ The band only came into being in 2005. 这支乐队 2005 年才成立。 ◊ When do the new regulations come into force/effect? 新规章制度何时生效？ ◊ When did the Labour party come into office? 工 党何时开始执政的？ ◊ A variety of factors come into play when choosing an employee. 挑选雇员 要考虑客种各样的因素。2 to receive a large sum of money when sb dies 获得，继承（遗 产）：She came into a fortune when her cousin died. 表兄去世后她继承了一大笔财产。[OBJ] a fortune, money 3 to be important in a particular situation （在特定情形下）起重要作 用: I got the job because I was the best. My looks didn't come into it. 我得到这份工作是因为我最 优秀，无关我的外表。 ◊ He took the job because he liked the work. Money didn't come into the equation. 他选择这份工作是出于兴趣。钱不是 主要因素。[OBJ] it, the equation ♦ v + prep IDM come into 'line （with sb/sth） to behave in the way other people behave, or in the way you should behave （与…）一致；随大 溜；按规范 come into your/its 'own to have the opportunity to show your/its qualities or abilities 有机会表现（品质）；充分施展（才 能）: After two poor games, he finally came into his own in the game against Germany. 经过两 场表现糟糕的比赛之后，他终于在和德国队的比 赛中发挥出了自己的水平。 ◊ This bike comes into its own on rough ground. 这辆自行车在颠 簸的地面上才能显示出它的优势。 come of sth； come of doing sth （also come from sth, come from doing sth） to happen as a result of sth 由…引起；是…的结果: I told him no good would come of it. 我告诉过 他不会有任何好的结果。◊ He promised to help, but I don't think anything will come of 他答 应帮忙，但我想他只是说说而已。◊ That's what comes of not listening to my advice? 那就是不听 我劝的下场！ ◊ I had the feeling of satisfaction that comes from doing a difficult job welL 我有 那种圆满完成一项棘手工作的满足感。 ♦ v + prep come off 1 to be able to be removed 可拆 除；可拆卸：Does this knob come off? 这个旋钮 能卸下来吗？ 2 （informal） to take place; to happen 举行；发生：Did your trip to New York ever come off? 你去纽约的事最后成了吗？ 3 (informal） if a plan, etc. comes off, it is successful or it has the result that you intend （计划等）成功，达到预期效果：Her attempt to break the world record nearly came off. 她打破 世界纪录的尝试差点成功。 4 [ + adv] (informal） if sb comes off well or badly in a fight, a con- test, etc., they finish the fight in a good or a bad condition （搏斗、比赛等）大胜，大败： He always comes off worst in fights. 他打架总是输 得很惨。 5 （AmE, informal） -> COME ACROSS 2 ♦ v + adv come off; come off sth 1 to become separated from sth （从…）掉下，脱落：The handle came off in my hand. 把手掉在我手 里了。 ◊ A button has come off my coat. 我的 外套掉了一颗纽扣。 2 to faU from sth （从…） 掉下，落下： My glasses came off when I tripped. 我绊了一跤，把眼镜摔掉了。◊ She braked sharply and came off her bike, 她猛一刹 闸，从自行车上摔了下来。[OBJ] bicycle, horse 3 to move away from sth large or important and go in a different direction （从大的或重要 的事物中）分离，脱离，岔开：A narrow road comes off on the left. 左侧岔出去一条窄路。4 to leave the stage, the sports field, etc. during a play or a game （演出或比赛时） 离开舞台 （或赛场等）；下台；退场：Two players came off just before half time. 在上半场即将结束之 前, 有两名队员下场了。5 to leave sth such as a vehicle or a road （从交通工具上）下来；离 开（道路）：She looked tired as she came off the plane. 她下飞机时显得很疲惫。 ◊ Come off （the motorway） at junction five. 在五号交叉口驶 离（高速公路)。 6 if an amount of money comes off a price, the price becomes lower by that amount （从价格中）削减：Two pence a litre is coming off the price of petroL 食油价格 每升将要下调两便士。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come off sth 1 to stop using sth; to stop taking a drug, medicine, alcohol, etc.停止 （服药、吸毒、饮酒等）：It's time she tried to come off sleeping pills. 她设设法戒掉安眠药 了 2 （of heat, a smell, the wind, etc. 热量、 气味、风等）to start from a particular place or thing （从某处或某物）开始，窜出，升起： There was a mist coming off the sea. 海上起雾 了。 3 （AmE, informal） to have just completed a very successful period of time or returned to normal after a bad period 圆满渡过（一段 成功时期）；（一段糟糕时期之后）恢复正常： Farmers are coming off another tough year. 农 民又熬过了困难的一年。 ♦ v+ prep IMD come off it! used to tell sb that you think or know that what they have said is not true or that you disagree with it （表示不相信 或不同意）别胡扯，别胡谄，住口： Come off it! England will never win! 别胡说八道！英格兰队 肯定赢不了！ come on 1 （also .come along especially BrE, less frequent） used to encourage sb to do sth, for example, to hurry （用于鼓励）快，加油， 加把劲：Come on, we'll be late. 走吧，我们要迟 到了。 ◊ Come on, things can't be that bad! 加 把劲，情况不会那么糟的！ 2 used to show that you do not believe what sb has said or that you disagree with them （表示不相信或不同 意）得 了吧：Come on! You don't really expect me to believe that, do you? 得啦！你不会真的以 为我会相信那个吧。3 （of a light, the elec- tricity, etc. 电灯、电力等）to begin working; to be switched on 开始运作；打开：Does the heating come on automatically? 暖气自动开始 供暖吗？ ◊ I've set the oven to come on at five. 我把烤箱设定为在五点钟开始烘烤。[SUBJ] lights OPP go off 4 （also .come along） to make progress; to improve or develop in the way that you want 进展；改进；发展：Your French is really coming on. 你的法语确实有进步。◊ Tim's come on well with the guitar. 蒂姆的吉他 弹得大有起色。◊ How's dinner coming along? 晚饭做好了吗? 5 （of an actor or a performer 表演者）to walk onto the stage and start to perform 登台；上场：When are McFly coming on? 小飞侠乐队何时出场？ 6 （sport） （of a player 运动员）to join a team instead of another player during a game （比赛中替换别 人）上场：Robson came on in place of Wilkins. 罗布森替换威尔金斯上场。7 （of a television programme, etc. 电视节目等）to start to be shown 开始播映：What time does the news come on? 新闻报道什么时候开始？ 8 （especially BrE） （of a season, a period of time, an illness, etc. 季节、时段、疾病等）to begin 开始：It's getting colder. Winter's coming on, 天气开始变冷了， 冬天到了。 ◊ I think I've got a cold coming on. 我觉得我有点感冒了。 ◊ It came on to rain.天 下起雨来了。NOTE Usually used in the pro- gressive tenses. 通常用于进行时。9 [+ adv] to go to a place 去某处：Come on in and make yourself at home. 进来随便坐坐吧。 ◊ My wife's coming on later. 我妻子过会儿来。10 （BrE, informal） （of a woman） to start your period （女性）来月经 ♦ v + adv IDM come on 'strong to speak or behave in a very determined way, especially in a way that shows sb you want to have a sexual relation- ship with them （尤指）露骨地求爱，求欢 ► oncoming adj [only before noun] ad- vancing towards you; approaching you 迎面而 来的；接近的 come on； come *on sth to begin speaking to sb on the telephone 开始（与某 人）通电话：I had a long talk with my mother, then my dad came on. 我和妈妈谈了好长时间， 然后爸爸又来和我通话。 ◊ Sue came on the line for a chat. 休打电话来聊天。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come on/upon sb/sth {Jorma!） to meet or find sb/sth by chance 偶然遇见；偶然发现：I came upon this beautiful vase in the attic. 我在 阁楼偶然看见了这只漂亮的花瓶。 ♦ v + prep come on to sb （informal） to behave in a way that dearly shows sb that you want to have a sexual relationship with them 勾引; 向...求欢 ♦ v + adv + prep ► comeon n [usually sing.] （informal。a remark or action that is intended to attract sb 试图吸引人的言行；噱头；引诱 come on to sth to start talking about or discussing a topic 开始讨论（某一话题）：I'll come on to the subject of exams in a minute. 我 马上就会谈到考试这个话题。 [OBJ] question, topic, subject ♦ v + adv + prep come out 1 when the sun, moon or stars come out, they appear in the sky （太阳、月 亮或星辰）出现，出来： The sun came out in the afiemoon. 下午出太阳了。SYN appear 2 when flowers come out, they open （植物）开花: The daffodils came out late this year. 水仙花 今年开的晚。 3 to be published or produced 出版；发行；发表： Her new novel's just come out. 她的新小说刚出版。◊ When do the exam results come out? 考试成绩什么时候出来？ SYN appear 4 （of news, the truth, etc. 消息、真相 等）to become known after a time when it has been secret 显露出来；为人所知：The truth finally came out, 终于真相大白了。◊ It came out that she'd made the whole thing up. 结果 发觉这全都是她捏造出来的。5 to be shown clearly 显示；显现：His arrogance comes out in every speech he makes. 每次讲话时他的傲慢 都溢于言表。 6 （with sb） to go somewhere with sb for a social event （ 和某人）外出社交： Will you come out to dinner with me tonight? 你今晚和我出去吃饭好吗？ 7 if a photograph comes out, the picture can be seen clearly （照片）洗出来，显现: My photos didn't come out very well because there wasn't enough light. 由于光线不足，我的照片洗出来效果不好。 8 when words come out, they are spoken 说 出； 讲出：I opened my mouth to apologize, but the words wouldn't come out. 我张嘴想道歉， 但这话怎么也说不出口。◊ He tried to pay her a compliment but it came out all wrong. 他本想 称赞她，可是话一出口却全变味了。9 [+ prep] to state publicly that you do or do not support sth宣布（支持或反对某事）：Members of the committee have come out in opposition to the proposal. 委员会成员公开表示反对这个提议。 10 come out and do sth to be brave enough to say or do sth that other people might find it hard to say or do 勇敢站出来；挺身而出：Has she actually come out and admitted it yet? 她是 否真的站出来承认了？ ◊ Only one member of staff came out and said that the working condi- tions were unsatisfactory. 只有一名职员挺身而 出，指出工作条件不能令人满意。 11 （BrE） to stop work and go on strike 罢工：The miners have come out on strike. 矿工罢工了。12 to say openly that you are a homosexual （= a person who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex） 公开自己的同性恋者身份；出柜 13 when a young girl came out in the past, she was formally introduced into society （旧 时的少女经正式介绍）初入社交界 ♦ v + adv come out; come out of sth 1 to leave a place or appear from inside a place 离开； 从...出来：Come out! I know you're in there! 出 来吧！我知道你在里面！ ◊ I'll speak to her as soon as she comes out of the meeting. 她一开完 会，我就跟她说。2 if an object comes out of sth, it is removed from the place where it is fixed or becomes separated from sth （从…） 掉下，脱落：Her tooth came out when she bit into the apple. 她咬苹果时崩掉了牙齿。 ◊ All the pages have come out of this book. 这本书散架 了 ◊ This screw won't come out of the wall. 墙 上这颗螺丝钉拔不出来。3 if a mark or some dirt comes out, it is removed from sth by washing or cleaning （污渍或污垢）被洗掉， 被清除：The bloodstains won't come out of my shirt. 我衬衫上的血迹洗不掉。◊ It was a very expensive skirt, but most of the colour came out when I washed it. 这条裙字很贵，可一洗颜色就 快褪光了。4 [+ adv/prep/adj] to finish sth in a particular state; to have a particular result （以某状态）完成（某事）; 有…结果： She came out on top in the exams. 她考试成绩名列 前茅。 ◊ His reputation came out undamaged. 结果他的声誉并未受损。 ◊ The family didn't come out of the affair very well. 到头来这件事 对这家人结果不是很好。NOTE In this meaning, come out and come out of sth are always used either with an adverb, an adjective or a phrase beginning with a preposition. * come out和come out of sth 作此义时，总是与副词、 形容词或介词短语连用。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep come 'out of yourself to relax and become more confident and friendly with other people 更加放松自信地与他人友好交往； 变得外向 come out at sth to add up to a particular cost or sum 共计；合计：The total bill comes out at: over a thousand pounds. 账单金额总计超 过一千英镑。 ♦ v + adv + prep come out in sth if a person comes out in sth such as spots, their skin becomes covered in them （皮肤上）布满（疹子、粉刺等）：The cream made her face come out in a rash. 用了 这种乳霜后，她脸上起了皮疹。 [OBJ] spots, rash, lumps SYN break out in sth ♦ v + adv + prep come out of sth 1 to return to normal after a difficult time （艰难时期之后）恢复 正常：The country is slowly coming out of recession . 该国正慢慢走出经济衰退。 2 to result or develop from a process or an event 由…产生; 由…形成: At least some good came out of all our hard work. 我们的辛勤劳动至少 带来一些好处。 ◊ The book came out of her travels in Japan. 这本书取材于她在日本的游历 经历。 3 to be taken away from a total amount （从总数中）扣减、减掉：The money will have to come out of your wages. 这笔钱只 能从你的工资中扣除。 ♦ v + adv + prep come out with sth （informal)。to say sth, especially sth surprising or not polite 说出 (尤指令人吃惊或无礼的话)：I can't believe the things he comes out with! 我难以相信他居然说 出这种话！ ◊ When I asked her why she was late, she just came out with a load of nonsense. 我问她为何迟到，她的回答不着边际。 ♦ v + adv + prep come over 1 (to sb/sth) to move across a room, a road, an ocean, etc. towards where the speaker is (从…) 过来：Come over and meet my husband. 过来见见我丈夫吧。◊ When are you coming over to England again? 你何时 再次来英国呢？◊ Lots of people are coming over from America for the wedding. 很多人要从美国 来参加婚礼。2 (to sth) to visit sb for a short time, usually at their home (通常指到家中) 短暂造访，顺便来访: Her son only comes over to see her occasionally. 她的儿子只是偶尔来看看 她。 ◊ Our new neighbours came over to our house last night. 昨天晚上新邻居到我们家来 了。3 [+ adj] (BrE, informal) to suddenly start feeling sth 突然感到：to come over funny/dizzy/faint 突然觉得好笑/ 晕眩 /头昏 ◊ I come over all shy whenever I see her. 每次见到 她，我就突然感到很腼腆。4 -> COME ACROSS ♦ v + adv come over sb/sth (of a feeling, a mood, etc. 感觉、情绪等) to affect sb/sth 影响：I'm sorry——I don't know what came over me (= I don't know what made me behave in that way). 对不起——我不知道我是怎么了。 ◊ A remarkable change has come over the group since he left. 他离开后，那个组变化很大。 ♦ v + prep come over to sb/sth to leave one group of people in order to join a competing group; to change from one opinion to another 转到… 方面来； 改变立场 (或看法等)：Some of their members have come over to our side. 他们的一 些成员转变立场，站到了我们这边。 ♦ v + adv + prep come past； ,come past sb/sth to pass in front of the speaker or the place where the speaker is (从说话者前) 经过：Charlie came past on his bike. 查利骑自行车从我身边经过。◊ III bring the book round on my way to school— I've got to come past your house. 我去学校时把 书带过来——我反正得路过你家。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come 'round (BrE) (also .come a'round AmE, BrE) 1 (to sth) to visit sb or a place; to come to sb's home to see them for a short time 访问； 短暂拜访： Come round and see us sometime. 抽 空来看看我们吧。 ◊ Do you want to come round for lunch? 你来家里吃午饭好吗？ -> see also COME OVER 2 2 (of a regular event 常规事件) to arrive; to happen at the usual time 到来； 按时举行：I can't believe Christmas has come round again! 难以置信又到圣诞节了！ 3 to move among a group of people in order to give them sth 在人群中穿梭 (服务): The waiters came round with drinks. 服务员端着饮 料在人群中穿梭。4 (to sth) (informal) to agree to sth that you were against before; to change your opinion about sth 改变立场；改变观点: Shell never come round to our way of thinking. 她决不会改变观点转而同意我们的想法。 ◊ Don't push him; he'll come round in time. 别催他，他 迟早会回心转意的。 ♦ v + adv SYNONYMS同义词辨析 come round come round ♦ come to ♦ regain consciousness ♦ wake up These verbs all mean to become conscious again. 这些动词都表示恢复知觉、苏醒过来。 come round (BrE) to become conscious after being unconscious 恢复知觉；苏醒: She hasn't come round from the anaesthetic yet. 她 尚未从麻醉中苏醒过来。NOTE Come around is used in American English. * come around 用于美国英语。 come to to become conscious after being unconscious 恢复知觉；苏醒： When she came to, the room was in darkness. 她苏醒过来时， 房间漆黑一片。 regain consciousness (format) to become conscious after being unconscious 恢复知 觉；苏醒：She never regained consciousness and died three days later. 她再未恢复神智， 三日后与世长辞。 wake up to become conscious after being unconscious, especially after an operation (尤指手术后) 恢复知觉，苏醒: I felt really terrible when I woke up after the operation. 手 术后我苏醒过来，感觉很糟。 WHICH WORD? With come to the emphasis is more on the moment of becoming conscious, less on the process. With come round/around the emphasis is more on the process of becoming conscious, less on the moment. All of these expressions can be used for becoming conscious after an operation. * come to 更强调苏醒的时刻，而非 过程；come round / around 更强调苏醒的过 程，而非时刻。这些表达方式都可用于指手术后 恢复知觉。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to wake up/come to/come round/come around from sth ■ to wake up/come to suddenly ■ to come to/come round/come around slowly come round (BrE) (AmE ,come a round) (also come 'to BrE, AmE) to become conscious again 恢复知觉；苏醒：When she came round, her sister was sitting beside her bed. 她苏醒过 来时，姐姐正坐在床边。 ◊ He hasn't yet come round after the anaesthetic. 他麻醉后还没有苏 醒过来。 -> see also PASS OUT ♦ v + adv come round; come round sth (BrE) (also .come a round, .come around sth AmE, 1 (of a letter or a document 信件或文件) to be passed from one person to another 传 递；传阅：The card came round for everyone to sign. 贺卡传给每个人签名。 2 to travel to where the speaker is by a longer route than usual, especially around the outside of sth 绕 道而来：The road was blocked so we had to come round by the fields . 公路堵住了，我们只 得从田地里绕道过来。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come 'round sth (BrE) -> COME AROUND STH come through 1 (to sth) (informal) used especially to ask sb to enter a room or a building, or move from one room to another 进入(房间或建筑物)；(从一房间)进入 (另 一房间)； (尤指请某人) 进来：Come through to my office. 到我办公室来吧。 ◊ Mr Dole can see you now. Will you come through? 多尔先生现在 可以见你了。请过来好吗？ 2 (of news, a message, a document, etc. 消息、信息、文件等) to be received by telephone, radio, etc. or in an official way (通过电话、无线电等) 传来， 接收：I've got an international call coming through for you. 我接到一个找你的国际长途电 话。◊ We're going to buy a new car when the insurance money comes through. 收到保险金之 后，我们打算买辆新车。 ◊ He's still waiting for his divorce to come through. 他还在等候批准离 婚。3 (with sth) to provide or do sth that people expect or that you have promised 履 行，兑现 (诺言): The insurance company has finally come through with the money. 保险公司 终于陪付了那笔钱。 4 -> COME ACROSS 1 ♦ v + adv come through; come through sth 1 to enter and cross a room, an area of land, a town, a country, etc.; to pass through sth 穿 过；越过；通过：Put sth over the hole to stop the rain coming through. 把洞堵上，免得漏雨。 2 to get better after a serious illness; to avoid serious injury or damage (重病后) 康复；避 免严重伤害；安然度过：He's very ill but his doctors expect him to come through the operation. 他病得很重，但医生估计手术后能挺 过来。 3 to start to appear from under or behind sth 露出；探出：The baby's front teeth were coming through. 婴儿的门牙露头了。◊ The sun's coming through the clouds at last. 太 阳终于拨云而出。SYN emerge (more formal) 4 to pass from one stage of a competition to the next; to be successful in a test or an exam 通过 (选拔赛等)； 通过 (测试或考试)： Chris did well to come through the qualifying rounds of the tournament (= for example in tennis). 克里斯发挥出色，在锦标赛的资格赛中胜出。 ◊ Most of the students came through (the exam) with flying colours (= were very successful). 大多数学生考试成绩优秀。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come 'to -> COME ROUND; -> note at COME ROUND come to sb 1 if an idea comes to you, it suddenly enters your mind 闪现在脑海：The idea came to me in the middle of the night. 我在半夜时突然想到了这个主意。 ◊ It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong. 她突然 发觉她错了。 2 (especially BrE) (of money, property, etc. 钱、不动产等) to pass to sb else when sb dies 遗传给：All my money will come to you when I die. 我死后我的钱全归你。 ♦ v + prep come to yourself (old-fashioned) to return to your normal state 恢复常态：It took her a while to come to herself again. 她过了一会儿才 回过神来。 ♦ v + prep + pron come to sth 1 to add up to sth; to be equal to sth 共计；达到；等于：The bill came to $50. 账单金额是50元。 2 to reach a particular state or condition; to arrive at sth 达到 (某一状 况)；得出 (结果)：We both came to the same conclusion, 我们均得出同样的结论。 ◊ I don't know what the world's coming to (= I think things are getting very bad and unpleasant). 我不明白这世道是怎么了。 ◊ All her dreams had come to nothing. 她所有的梦想都破灭了。[OBJ] this, that, nothing NOTE In this meaning, come to sth is often used with this or that ♦ come to sth 作此义时，常与 this 或 that 连用： The doctors will operate if necessary, but it may not come to that. 必要时医生会开刀手术，但也 许还不致如此。 ♦ v + prep IDM when it comes to sth/to doing sth when it is a case, matter or question of sth/of doing sth 在…方面；涉及…时：When it comes to cooking, he's better than I am! 说到厨艺，他比 我强多了！ come together if two or more people or things come together, they form one group or one piece 合成一体；结合；联合：Several local groups came together to fight the proposed housing development. 一些当地组织联合电来反 对规划中的房产开发。 ◊ During the last three days of rehearsals, everything came together. 在 最后三天的排练中，各部分都衔接起来了。 ♦ v + adv come 'under sth 1 to be included within a particular group or collection of things 归入； 归类：Several different types of schools come under the heading of 'private schools'. 一些学校 可归到 “私立学校” 类。[OBJ] heading, banner, category 2 to be managed, controlled or owned by a particular group or organization 归…管理；由..控制；隶属：The prisons now come under central government control. 监狱现 在由中央政府监管。[OBJ] control, authority, wing 3 if you come under attack, criticism, etc., sb attacks, criticizes, etc. you 遭到, 受到 （攻击、批评等）：The government has come under attack over the new bill. 政府因为新法 案而遭受抨击。 ◊ She's come under intense pressure to change her mind. 她承受着要她转变 想法的巨大压力。[OBJ] attack, pressure, fire, scrutiny, criticism ♦ v + prep come up 1 （to ... ） （from ... ） to travel from one place to another, usually from a smaller place to a larger one, or from the south of a country to the north （从…）来到（通常指 从小地方到大地方，或从一国南部到北部）： They've come up from Texas. 他们来自得克萨 斯 ◊ We thought we'd go up to London for a weekend in the big city. 我们本想去伦敦，在 大城市度个周末。2 （to sb/sth） to go towards a person in order to talk to them （为了攀 谈）走到...面前，走上前来，走近：A guy came up to me in the street and asked me for money. 街上有个男子走到我跟前来要钱。 ◊ The group leader came up to the reception desk. 组长走到 接待处前。 3 （of plants 植物）to appear above the ground 长出地面；破土而出：The first snowdrops are just coming up. 第一茬雪花莲刚 破土发芽。SYN appear 4 when the sun or moon comes up, it rises in the sky （太阳或月 亮）升起：We sat and watched the sun coming up behind the hills. 我们坐看红日从群山后面喷 薄而出。[SUBJ] onlv the sun, the moon SYN rise OPP go down 5 to rise to the surface of water or another liquid 升到（液体）表面；浮出：I came up gasping for air. 我浮出来大口呼吸。 ◊ Bubbles were coming up to the surface. 气泡 不断冒出水面。 6 to happen, especially when you do not expect it （尤指意外地）发生: Something urgent has come up; I have to go. 突然有了急事，我得走了。 ◊ opportunities like this don't come up every day. 这种机遇不是每天 都有的 。 SYN crop up 7 be coming up （always used in the progressive tenses 总是用手进行时） （of an event or a time 事情或时间）to be going to happen very soon 即将发生（或出现、到 来）：Our exams are coming up soon. 我们马上 要考试了。 ◊ Coming up next is the news. 以下 是新闻报道。 8 to be talked about or discussed 被提及；被讨论：The subject didn't come up in conversation last night. 昨晚的谈 话中没有提到这个话题。 ◊ Mary's name keeps coming up. 玛丽的名字一再被人提到。[SUBJ] name, question, subject 9 to be dealt with by a court （由法庭）审理：Her case comes up next month. 她的案子下月开审。10 if your name, number or ticket comes up in a betting game, it is chosen and you are one of the winners （在博彩中）被抽中，中奖：My numbers came up and I won a million pounds! 我的号码中奖 了, 赢了一百万英镑！ 11 （informal） （usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时） to be ready soon; to be coming soon 马上就 好：立刻到来： ’A cup of tea please’. 'Coming up!' “请来杯茶。” “ 马上就好！” 12 （of infor- mation 信息）to appear on a computer screen or a board, for example in an airport 出现， 显示（在机场等的计算机屏幕或布告牌上）：Her flight has just come up on the arrivals board. 她乘坐的航班刚刚显示在进港布告牌上。13 [+ adj/adv] （BrE）（of an object or a substance 物体或物质）to appear in a particular way at the end of a period of time or when sth has been done to it （一段时间或经过处理后）以某 方式出现，变得：When the wool is washed, it comes up beautifully soft. 毛线洗涤后变得很柔 软。◊ I've given it a good clean and ifs come up like new. 我把它彻底清洗了，使它焕然一新。 14 （of lights in a cinema, a theatre, etc. 影 院、剧院等的灯光）to become brighter after the film/movie, play, etc. has finished （放映 或演出结束后）被打亮： The lights came up to loud applause. 伴随着雷鸣般的掌声，灯光打亮 了。15 （to sth） （BrE, format） to begin your studies at a university （especially Oxford or Cambridge） 上大学（尤指车津或剑桥）：She came up （to Oxford） in 1982. 她 1982 年上的 （牛津）关学。 OPP come down （from sth） 16 （to sth） to reach as far as a particular point or level 达到（某点或某水平）：The water came up to my chin. 水淹到了我的下巴。 ◊ My sister hardly comes up to my shoulder. 妹妹还不到我 的肩膀。 ◊ His scarf came up over his eyes. 他的 围巾裹住了眼睛。 SYN reach sth 17 （on sth） to start to feel the effects of a drug 开始感觉到 药效 ♦ v + adv IDM be coming up 'roses (informal） （of a situation 情况）to be developing in a successful way 进展顺利：Everything's coming up roses! 事事都一帆风顺！ come up empty/ empty- handed （AmE） to be unsuccessful in achieving a goal or finding sth you are looking for 空手而归；一无所获：The women's volleyball team came up empty in all three matches Friday. 女排周五的三场比赛均告失利。 ◊ Police are still coming up empty-handed in the search for the missing girl. 警方搜寻失踪女孩仍无进 展。come up in the world to become more important in society or more successful in your career 发迹；出人头地：She's really come up in the world since she left school. 她离开学 校之后飞黄腾达。come up/turn up trumps to do more than people expect and so make a situation very successful 超出预期；大获成功： The team's new player came up trumps and scored three goals. 该队的新队员发挥出色，进 了三个球。 ◊ That was a wonderful meal! You've come up trumps again. 这顿饭好极了！你又露 了一手。 ► up-and- coming adj [only before noun] （informal） making good progress and likely to be successful in the future 初露头角的；真有 潜力的：cm up-and-coming young actor 一个崭 露头角的青年演员 ► upcoming adj [only before noun] （espe- cially AmE） about to happen soon 即将发生 的；就要出现的：the upcoming presidential elec- tion 即将举行的总统选举 come up; come up sth to move from a lower place or position to a higher one, or upstairs in a building, especially with the speaker or towards the place where the speaker is 上来；上...来 ： Who wants to come up to the top of the hill with me? 谁想和我爬到山 顶上去？ ◊ My apartment is on the third floor. Are you coming up? 我的公寓在三楼。你要上来 吗？ ◊ I can hear somebody coming up the stairs. 我听到有人登楼梯上来。 [OBJ] road, stairs OPP come down, come down sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep come up against sb/sth if you come up against sb/sth, you have to face sb/sth that is difficult 面对，碰到（难缠的人或麻烦事）：We expect to come up against a lot of opposition to the scheme. 我们预料这个计划会遭到很多人的 反对。 ◊ You'll come up against the reigning champion in the next round. 你下一轮将与卫冕 冠军交锋。 ♦ v + adv + prep come up for sth 1 to come to the time when sth must be done 接近（期限）：He's coming up for retirement soon. 他很快就要退休 了。◊ She comes up for re-election next year. 她明年将再度参加选举。 ◊ When does your contract come up for renewal? 你的合同何时到 期续约？ [OBJ] renewal 2 to become available for a particular purpose 能用于（某目的）： That house you like has come up for sale. 你中 意的那所房子正在出售。[OBJ] sale, auction ♦ v + adv + prep come up on sth （AmE） to be almost a particular time or age 接近（某时间或年龄）： It's coming up on your bedtime. 你该睡觉了。 ♦v + adv + prep come up to sth 1 to approach a particular place, an age or a period of time 接近（某地、 年龄或时段）：You're coming up to a busy road now. 你正开上拥挤路段。 ◊ It's just coming up to half past twelve. 就快到十二点半了。2 to reach an acceptable level or standard 达到， 符合（认可的水平或标准）：The performance didn't come up to our expectations. 演出没有我 们预想的那么好。◊ You may lose your job if you don't come up to scratch. 你若达不到要求就会 丢掉工作。[OBJ] standard, expectations NOTE In this meaning come up to sth is usually used in the negative. * come up to sth 作此义时通常 用于否定句。 -> note at MEASURE UP ♦ v + adv + prep come up with sth 1 to think of an idea, an answer to a question or a solution to a problem 想到（主意）；找到（答案或解决方 法）:She came up with a great idea for increas- ing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的绝妙主意。[OBJ] idea, answer, suggestion, explanation -> note at THINK STH UP 2 to find or produce sth that sb needs 找到， 拿出（某人所需）：if you want to buy my car, you must come up with the money. 要买我的车， 你就得拿出这笔钱来。 ◊ He always comes up with the goods （= does what he is expected to do） on the day. 他总是能准时 交差。 ♦ v + adv + prep come upon sb/sth -> COME ON/UPON SB/STH come 'with （AmE）: （informal） We're going to the bars. Want to come with? 我们正要去酒 吧。想一道去吗？ -> COME ALONG come with sth to be included with or as part of sth 包括在...之中；是...的一部分: A new car comes with the job. 做这份工作配有一辆 新车。 ♦ v + prep commune commune / kəˈmjuːn; AmE ˈkɑːm/ commune with sth （formal） if you commune with sth such as nature, you spend time thinking deeply about it and so feel close to it 与…神交；与…作心灵沟通；与（大自然 等）相互交融 [OBJ] nature ♦ v + prep complain complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ com plain of sth to say that you feel ill/sick or are suffering from a pain 诉说（病 情或疼痛）；主诉：Several children complained of severe stomach pains. 有几个孩子说肚子疼得 厉害。 [OBJ] pain, headache, symptoms ♦ v + prep conceive conceive /kənˈsiːv/ conceive of sth to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind; to imagine sth 构思，想出 （主意、计划等）；设想：I cannot conceive of any situation in which your plan would work. 我想象不出你的计划怎么可以成功。 -> note at THINK STH UP ♦ v + prep Concentrate Concentrate /ˈkɒnsntreɪt; AmE ˈkɑːn-/ concentrate on sth to spend more time doing one particular thing than others 集 中于；全神贯注于：In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles's reign. 这节课我将着重讲查理的早期统治。 ♦ v + prep condemn condemn /kan'dem/ condemn sb to sth 1 to say what sb's punishment will be 宣判；判处某人某种刑罚： to be condemned to death/hard labour 被判处 死刑 / 劳役 2 to force sb to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation 迫使某人接受（困境或不 快的局面）：They were condemned to a life of hardship. 他们被迫过着困苦的生活。SYN doom sb （to sth） NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep cone cone /kəʊn; AmE koʊn/ NOTE A cone is a coloured plastic object that has a round base and a point at the top, used on roads to show where vehides are not allowed to go. * cone 指表示道路禁行的锥形彩 色路标。 cone sth off to close a road or part of a road with cones 用锥形路标关闭（道路或道路 的一部分）：Part of the road was coned off while repairs were done. 维修期间，用锥形路标 封闭了一段公路。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv confess confess /kənˈfes/ confess to sth; confess to doing sth sth 1 to admit, especially formally or to the police, that you have done sth wrong or illegal （尤指正式地或向警方）供认，坦白，交代：She confessed to the murder. 她承认犯有谋杀。 -> note at ADMIT TO STH 2 to admit sth that you feel ashamed or embarrassed about 承认 （令自己羞愧或难堪的事实）：I must confess to knowing nothing about computers. 我得承认我 对计算机一窍不通。 ♦ v + prep confide confide /kənˈfaɪd/ con fide in sb to tell sb a secret or a piece of information that you would not tell other people 向..吐露，向..倾诉（秘密等）：Can I confide in you? 你能保证不说出去吗？ ◊ Do you have a friend that you can confide in? 你有可以 说知心话的朋友吗？ [OBJ] mother, friend ♦ v + prep confine confine /kənˈfaɪn/ confine sb/sth to sth; con fine your- self to sth to keep sb/sth/yourself inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc. 把…限制在…以内； 将…局限于（某 一活动、主题、地域等）： The work will not be confined to the Glasgow area. 这一工作不会仅 限于格拉斯哥地区。 ◊ I will confine myself to looking at the period from 1900 to 1916. 我只 探讨1900年到 1916年这段时期。 SYN limit sth to sb/sth; restrict sb/sth/yourself （to sth） NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep be confined to sth 1 if a person or an animal is confined to a place, they are kept in a small or closed space and not allowed to go out 被关在…里；被限制于（狭小或封闭的空 间）：The children were confined to their rooms for the evening. 晚上孩子们不能出房门。◊ The soldiers concerned were confined to barracks （= had to stay in the barracks, as a punish- ment）. 有关的士兵只能在营房内活动，不能外 出。 2 if a person is confined to bed, etc., they have to stay in bed, etc. because they are ill/sick or injured 离不开（病榻等）：She was confined to bed with the flu. 她因流感只得卧 床。◊ He was confined to a wheelchair after the car accident. 自那场车祸之后，他只能坐轮 椅代步。 ♦ be + v + prep confront confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ confront sb with sth to make sb face or deal with an unpleasant or difficult person or situation 使面临，使遭遇，使对付（困难或令 人不快的人、事物）：He confronted her with a choice between her career or their relationship. 他要她在事业和两人关系之间作出选择。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep be con fronted with sth to have sth in front of you that you have to deal with or react to 面对；正视；对付：Most people when confronted with a horse will pat it. 大多数人遇 见马都会拍拍它。 ♦ be + v + prep conjure conjure /ˈkɑːndʒə（r）/ conjure sb/sth up to make sb/sth appear suddenly or unexpectedly, as if by magic （变 魔术般地）使出现，变出：She conjured up a three-course meal in half an hour! 她变戏法似 的半小时内做出了有三道菜的一顿饭！ ♦v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent） conjure sth up 1 to make a picture, a memory, etc. appear in your mind 使呈现于 脑际；使想起：The word birthday, conjures up images of presents and parties. “生日” 这 个词使人联想到礼物和聚会的情景。◊ The song conjured up memories of warm summer evenings. 这首歌唤起了温馨夏夜的回忆。[OBJ] image, picture, visions, memories SYN evoke sth （more formal） -> note at REMIND SB OF SB/STH 2 to ask the spirit of a dead person to appear, by using a magic ceremony 施魔法招 （亡灵）；念咒招（魂） ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （less frequent） conk conk /kɒŋk; AmE kɑːŋk, kɔːŋk/ conk out （informal or humorous） 1 if a vehicle or a machine conks out, it stops working （车辆或机器）停止运转，出故障，失 灵：Our car conked out 5 miles from home. 我 们的车在离家 5 英里的地方抛锚了。 2 if a person conks out, they fall asleep because they are very tired （ 因极度疲劳）入睡，睡去: She was so tired she came home and conked out at eight o'clock. 她疲惫不堪，回到家后八点钟就 倒头睡去。 3 （old-fashioned, BrE） （of a person 人）to collapse or become unconscious 晕倒； 昏厥 4 （AmE） to die 死去；死掉：The old guy looks as if he's going to conk out any minute. 那 位老人看上去随时都会一命呜呼。 ♦ v + adv connect connect /kəˈnekt/ connect sth up (to sth), connect up (to sth) to join sth to a supply of electricity, gas, water, etc. or to another piece of equipment; to be joined to sth in this way 将… (与电源、煤气、水等) 连接起来；接通： Connect the computer up (to the power supply). 给计算机接通电源。◊ Many canals connected up to major ports. 很多运河通往重要港口。 OPP disconnect sth (from sth), disconnect (from sth) NOTE Connect sth and connect are often used on their own with the same meaning. ♦ connect sth 和 connect 常单独使用也作此义。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + adv connive connive /kəˈnaɪv/ connive at/in sth (formal) to ignore or seem to allow sth that you know is wrong 对 (自己明知错误的事) 视而不见；纵容： The general is accused of conniving in a plot to topple the government. 将军被指控默许了一起 颠覆政府的阴谋。◊ Her brother is believed to have connived at her murder. 据信她的哥哥没 有制止她杀人。 ♦ v + prep consent consent /kənˈsent/ consent to sth (formal。to agree to sth or give your permission for sth 赞成；准许：He reluctantly consented to their marriage. 他勉强 同意了他们的婚事。 -> note at AGREE TO STH ♦ v + prep consign consign /kənˈsaɪn/ consign sb/sth to sth (formal) 1 to get rid of or put somewhere sb/sth that you do not want 丢弃；把...搁置一旁：She consigned his letter to the waste basket. 她把他的信丢进废纸 篓。 ◊ (figurative) They can't just consign me to the scrap heap because I'm over fifty! 不能因 为我年过半百，他们就将我弃如敝屣！ 2 to put sb/sth in an unpleasant situation 置于 (令 人不快的境地)；发落： Orphaned children were consigned to institutions. 孤儿都打发到了福 利院。 NOTE Often used in the passive 常用于被动语态: The report was consigned to the dustbin. 报告 被扔进了垃圾箱。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep consist consist /kənˈsɪs/ consist in sth； consist in doing sth (formal) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用 市进行时) to have sth as the main or only feature 在于；以...为主要特征: A home does not consist in its architecture and decoration. 家之 所以为家，并不在于其建筑与装潢。 ♦ v + prep consist of sth/sb; consist of doing sth (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进 行时) to be formed from the things or people mentioned 由…组成；由...构成：The exam consists of two parts: a written test and an oral. 考试分两部分：笔试和口试。 ◊ The group consists of senior people from education and business. 该组由教育界和企业界的元老组成。 ◊ His job consists of answering the phone and making coffee. 他的工作是接电话和煮咖啡。 SYN be made up of sth; comprise sth (formal) ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 consist of sth/sb be composed of sth/sb ♦ comprise sth ♦ consist of sth/sb ♦ constitute sth ♦ make up sth These verbs all mean to be formed from the things or people mentioned, or to be the parts that form sth. 这些动词都表示 (由…) 组成或 构成。 be composed of sth/sb to be formed from the things or people mentioned 由...组成； 由...构成：Our，inspection teams are composed of the most qualified and experienced experts available. 我们的各检查组由最有资历和经验 的专家组成。◊ Around 75% of our diet is composed of protein. 我们饮餐中蛋白质大约 占 15%。 comprise sth to be formed from the things or people mentioned 由...组成；由…构成：The collection comprises 327 paintings. 收藏品包括 327 幅画。NOTE The form be comprised of can often be heard 常能听到使用 be comprised of 的形式：The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors. 委员会由来自公共 部门和私营部门的代表联合组成。Many people consider that this is not correct, 很多 人认为这种形式不正确。 consist of sth/sb to be formed from the things, people or activities mentioned 由… 组成；击...构成: Their diet consists largely of vegetables. 他们的饮食以蔬菜为主。 ◊ Most of the fieldwork consisted of making tape recordings. 实地调查的主要工作是用磁带 录音。 constitute sth to be the parts or people that form sth 组成；构成：People under the age of 40 constitute the majority of the labour force, * 40岁以下的人口占劳动力的大多数。 make up sth to be the parts or people that form sth 组成；构成：Women make up 56% of the student numbers, 女生占学生人数的56%。 ◊ She wore a necklace made up of hundreds of coloured glass beads. 她戴着一条由成百个彩 色玻璃珠串成的项链。 WHICH WORD? Consist of sb/sth is the most general of these verbs and the only one that can be used for activities with the -ing form of a verb 这些动词 中,consist of sb / sth 含义最宽泛，并且是唯一 可用于动名词指代的活动的动词：My life consisted of feeding the baby and washing nappies. 我的生活就是给婴儿喂奶和洗尿布。 Be composed of sth/sb， comprise sth and constitute sth are the most formal of these verbs. None of these verbs is used in the progressive tenses. 这些动词中, be composed of sth/sb、comprise sth 和 constitute sth 最正 式。这些动词都不用于进行时。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ The group consists of/comprises/is made up of/is composed of ten people . ■ Ten people make up/constitute/comprise/compose the group. consort consort /kɒnsɔːt; AmE kɑːn'sɔːrt/ consort with sb (formal or humorous) to spend time with sb, especially sb that other people do not approve of 与...来往; 结交 (尤 指不合适的人)：The nurses are instructed not to consort with their patients. 护士得到指示不 得与病人交往。 ♦ v 十 prep contend contend /kənˈtend/ con tend with sb/sth to have to deal with a difficult person or situation 应对，应付 (困 境或不好打交道的人)：If we leave at eight, we'll have to contend with the rush-hour traffic. 如果八点钟出发，我们就会遇上交通高峰。 ◊ Anyone who criticizes her will have me to contend with! 无论谁要批评她，都得过我这一 关！ ◊ He's had a lot of serious problems to con- tend with. 他有很多棘手的问题要解决。 [OBJ] problems ♦ v + prep content content /kənˈtent/ con tent yourself with sth to accept and be satisfied with sth and not try to have or do sth better 安于，满足于 (现状)；对...不求更 好：Martina contented herself with a single glass of wine. 马丁娜只喝了一杯葡萄酒就心满意足 了。◊ The crowd contented themselves with shouting insults. 那群人只顾着破口大骂。 SYN make do with sth ♦ v + pron + prep contract contract /kənˈtrækt/ contract in； contract into sth (BrE) to choose to become involved in and formally agree to a system, plan, etc. 订约参与: Employees can contract into the company pension scheme. 雇员可签订合同，加入公司养 老金计划。 [OBJ] (pension) scheme OPP contract out, etc. ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep contract out； con tract out of sth (BrE) to choose and formally state that you do not want to be involved in a system, plan, etc. 宣布不参与：Only a few employees have contracted out (of the pension scheme) so far. 迄今只有少数几个雇员选择不参加 (养老金 计划)。 [OBJ] (pension) scheme OPP contract in, etc. ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep contract sth out (to sb) to arrange for work to be done by another company rather than your own 订约把...承包出去：The com- pany contracts the printing out to an outside firm. 公司把印刷业务外包给了另外一家公司。 [OBJ] work ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n Contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt; BrE also kɒntrɪbjuːt/ con tribute to sth to help to cause sth 助 长；促成；加剧：The stress of losing his job contributed to his death. 失血的压力是导致他 死亡的因素之一。 ◊ The Prime Minister contributed to his own downfall by failing to control his government. 首相未能管理好政府， 加速了他本人的下台。 [OBJ] death, decline, downfall ♦ v + prep convert convert /kənˈvɜːt; AmE ˈvɜːrt/ convert into/to sth; convert sth into/to sth to be able to be changed from one form, purpose or system to another; to make sth do this 可转变成 (另一种形式等)； 使成为另一种形式 (或目的、体系等)： a sofa that converts into a bed 可改成床的沙发 SYN turn into sth, turn sb/sth into sth ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep cook cook /kʊk/ cook sth up 1 to cook sth, especially very quickly (尤指麻利地) 做饭，烹饪：In half an hour she had managed to cook up some delicious chilli. 她半小时内做好了美味可口的辣 叔。[OBJ] meal 2 (informal) to invent a story, an excuse or a plan, especially a very clever or dishonest one 捏造，杜撰，策划 (故事、借口 或计划)：She cooked the plan up while he was away. 趁他外出，她拟出了这个计划。 ◊ They cooked up the story between the two of them. 他 们俩共同编造了这套谎话。 [OBJ] plan, story, scheme SYN concoct sth (more formal) ♦v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cool cool /kuːl/ cool down; cool sb down 1 (also .cool off, cool sb off) to become, or to make sb become cool or cooler (使) 变凉，降温：I'm going for a swim to cool down. 我要去游个泳， 凉快一下。◊ A shower will cool you down. 冲个 淋浴会让你感到凉爽些。 2 to become, or to make sb become, less angry or excited (使) 冷静、镇静：She's very angry. Give her some time to cool down. 他十分生气。给她点时间冷 静一下。◊ He tried to cool her down but she carried on shouting. 他试图让她平静下来，可她 继续大喊大叫。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv cool down; .cool sth 'down to become, or co make sth become, cooler (使) 变凉，冷 却：He waited for the soup to cool down a bit. 他 等着汤稍微凉一凉。◊ Once it had cooled down outside, we went for a walk. 外面一凉爽下来： 我们就去散了会儿步。◊ Cool the soup down by stirring it. 把汤搅一下弄凉。 ◊ The rain had cooled everything down. 这场雨把一切都变得清 爽了。 NOTE Cool and cool sth are also used on their own, but less often. * cool 和 cool sth 也单独使 用,但不太常见。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) cool off 1 to become less interested or enthusiastic 失去兴趣；失去热情：Our relation- ship was going well, but then Laura seemed to cool off. 正当我们的关系进展顺利时, 劳拉却似 乎冷淡下来了。 2 to become less angry or excited 冷静下来；平静下来：When I'm angry, I go for a walk to cool off. 我生气时就去散步消消 火。 3 if sth hot cools off, it becomes cooler 变凉；冷却下来：Leave the engine to cool off before you touch it. 等发动机冷却了才能碰它。 ♦ v + adv ► cooling-off period n 1 a period of time in which two sides in a disagreement try to come to an agreement before taking any further action (争执双方试图达成协议的) 冷却期: There is to be a six-month cooling-off period before divorce proceedings begin. 离婚诉讼开始 前有六个月的冷静期。 ◊ The union and the employers failed to reach an agreement within the cooling-off period. 工会和资方在冷却期内未 能达成协议。 2 a period of time when you can change your mind about buying sth, such as an insurance plan, that you have agreed to buy (在同意购买保险计划等后可改变主意的) 冷静期、犹豫期：Customers have a 14-day cooling-ojf period in which to cancel the agree- ment. 客户在 14 天的犹豫期内可以取消协议。 cool off；cool sb off -> COOL DOWN, COOL SB DOWN 1 coop coop /kuːp/ be cooped up (in sth) if a person or an animal is cooped up, they/it are kept in a small place or inside a building 被关 (在… 里)；被禁闭：We've been cooped up (indoors) for hours because of the rain. 这场雨使我们 (在屋里) 被困了几个小时。 ♦ be + v + adv cop cop /kɒp; AmE kɑːp/ (-pp-) cop off (with sb) (BrE, slang) to meet sb and start a sexual relationship with them ( 与某 人) 发生性关系 ♦ v + adv cop out; cop out of sth (informal。to avoid or not do sth that you should be doing, because you are afraid, shy, lazy, etc. 逃避， 放弃 (应做的事)： Lots of people said they'd help but they've all copped out. 很多人许诺帮 忙，可都退缩了。 ◊ You can't just cop out of difficult decisions. 你不能因为难以决定就回避。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep ► cop-out n (informal, disapproving) a way of, or an excuse for, avoiding sth you should be doing 借口；托词：You're not too busy to come! That's just a cop-out. 你不是忙得来不 了！ 那不过是个借口。 cope cope /kəʊp; AmE koʊp/ cope with sth to deal successfully with sth difficult 妥善处理；成功应付：He wasn't able to cope with the stresses and strains of the job. 他不能妥善处理工作压力。 ◊ Desert plants are adapted to cope with extreme heat. 沙漠植物适 应了酷热的环境。 SYN deal with sth ♦ v + prep copy copy /kɒpi; AmE ˈkɑːpi/ (copies, copying, copied) copy sth down to write sth exactly as it is written somewhere else 抄写下来：If I don't copy the phone number down, I'll forget it! 如果不记下电话号码，我会忘掉的！ ◊ we copied down what the teacher had written on the blackboard. 我们把老师写在黑板上的东西抄了 下来。 SYN write sth down ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n copy sb 'in (on sth) to make sure that sb receives a copy of a letter, an email, etc. that you are sending to sb else (将发送给其他人的 信件、电邮等) 抄送某人：Please copy me in on all correspondence. 请把所有来信都抄送给我。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) copy sth out to write sth out again; to make a copy of sth that is already written or printed 重新抄写；复写；复印：She copied, out a recipe she found in a library book. 她把在图书 馆的书上找到的食谱抄了下来。 SYN write sth out ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cordon cordon /ˈkɔːdn; AmE ˈkɔːrdn/ cordon sth off to stop people going into an area by forming a line or ring around it with police, soldiers, objects, etc. 封锁 (某地区); 在...设警戒线：Police cordoned off the area until the bomb was defused. 警方封锁了这个地区， 直至炸弹被拆除。 ◊ The roads were cordoned off. 这些道路被封了。 [OBJ] area, street SYN close sth off (to sb/sth) NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cost cost /kɒst; AmE kɔːst/ cost sth out to estimate how much money will be needed for sth 估算...的成本：we'll have to cost the work out before we make a decision. 在作决定之前，我们得估算一下这项工作的成 本。◊ Have you costed out how much it will be to hire another member of staff? 你估算过再雇 用一名职员的开销吗？ NOTE Cost sth on its own is more usual. * cost sth 单独使用更常见。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cosy cosy (BrE) (AmE cozy) /ˈkəʊzi; AmE ˈkoʊzi/ (cosies, cosying, cosied) cosy up to sb (informal, especially AmE) to try to become friendly with sb, especially in order to gain an advantage for yourself 与… 套近乎；和…攀交情；讨好： She's only cosying up to him because she needs his help. 她讨好 他，只不过因为她需要他帮忙。 ♦ v + adv + prep cozy @@@LINK=cosy cotton cotton /ˈkɒtn; AmE ˈkɑːtn/ cotton 'on (to sth) (informal) to come to understand or realize sth without being told directly 理解；领会；意识到：She cottons on very quickly. 她领悟力强。◊ It took him a while to cotton on to what I was trying to say. 过了一 会儿，他才明白我想说什么。 SYN catch on (to sth) ♦ v + adv cotton to sb/sth (old-fashioned, AmE, informal) to begin to like or approve of sb/sth 产生好感；开始赞成：I didn't much cotton to the idea at first. 我起初并不十分赞同这个想法。 NOTE Cotton to sb is often used in negative sentences. * cotton to sb 常用于否定句。 ♦ v + prep cough cough /kɒf; AmE kɔːf/ cough up; .cough sth up (informal) 1 (especially BrE) to pay for sth or give sb money unwillingly (不情愿地) 付账，给钱：You owe me £20. Come on, cough up! 你欠我 20 英镑。 快点，掏钱吧！ ◊ Don't cough up the money until the job's finished. 活儿干完以前不要掏钱。 SYN pay up -> note at PAY OUT, PAY STH OUT 2 (BrE) to admit sth or give sb information unwillingly (不情愿地) 承认，供出： Come on, cough up: where have you been? 得啦，老实交 代：你去哪儿了？ SYN own up (to sth/to doing sth); confess (to sth/to doing sth) (more formal) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cough sth up to force sth out of the throat or lungs by coughing 咳出：He's been coughing up blood 他一直在咯血。 [OBJ] blood ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv count count /kaʊnt/ count a gainst sb to be a disadvantage to sb 对…不利：I'm sure that being late for the interview counted against me. 我肯定面试迟到 对我不利。 SYN weigh against sb (formal) ♦ v + prep count among sb/sth; count sb/sth a mong sth to be considered, or to consider sb/sth to be part of the group mentioned 被 视为，把…看作 (某集体的成员)： She counts among the top ten marathon runners in the country. 她跻身全国马拉松选手的前十名。 ◊ The band count John Lennon among their influences. 该乐队把约翰•列侬视为对他们有影 响的人物之一。 ◊ I no longer counted myself among his friends. 我不再把自己当作他的朋友。 NOTE Count sb/sth among sb/sth is more frequent than count among sb/sth * count sb/sth among sb / sth 比 count among sb/sth 更常见： Egypt was counted among the most powerful countries in the world, 埃及当时被视为世界上 最强大的国家之一。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep count down (to sth), count sth down to be waiting for an important or exciting day, event, etc. and be counting the number of days, minutes, etc. there are before it 倒计 时；倒数：The whole world was counting down to the new millennium. 全世界都在倒计时迎接 新千年的来临。 ◊ I'm counting down the days until my trip to South America. 我在数着日子期 盼去南美旅行。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv (rare) ► countdown (to sth) n 1 the act of counting backwards to zero, for example before a spacecraft is sent into space (航天器发射 升空前等的) 倒计时，倒数计秒 2 the period immediately before sth important happens 大 事临近时期 count sb in to include sb in a group or an activity 算入；包括：If you're going to the theatre, you can count me in. 你们要是去看 戏，算我一个。 SYN deal sb in (less formal) OPP count sb out ♦ v + n/pron + adv count off (AmE) if people count off, they say loudly in order the numbers they have been given 报数：He made everyone count off. 他让大家报数。 ♦ v + adv count on sb/sth； count on doing sth; count on sb/sth doing sth (also 'count upon sb/sth, etc. more format) to rely on sb to do sth; to expect sth to happen and make plans in an appropriate way 依赖，倚靠，指望 (某人做某事)；相信，预期，期待 (某事发 生)：You can count on me! 我决不辜负你！ ◊ I'm sure hell help us.' Don't count on it.' “ 我 肯定他会帮我们的。” “ 那可靠不住。" ◊ She hadn't counted on going swimming when she packed. 收拾行装时，她并没想到会去游泳。。 I'm counting on your support. 我就靠你支持 啦。 ◊ I'm counting on you to support me. 我就 靠你支持啦。 ◊ She can be counted upon to contribute good ideas. 她总能想到好点子。 SYN bank on sb/sth, etc.; calculate on sb/sth, etc. (especially AmE), reckon on sb/sth, etc. -> note at DEPEND ON SB/STH ♦ v + prep ♦ v + prep + n/pron + to +inf count sb out； .count sb out of sth (informal) to not include sb in a group or an activity 不把...算入； 不包括： You may enjoy those games, but you can count me out. 你们可 能喜欢那些比赛，但别把我算在内。 SYN deal sb out, deal sb out of sth OPP count sb in ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep count sth out to count coins, etc. one by one and put them somewhere 逐一数出，清 点：He counted out the exact money (on the counter). 他清点了 (柜台上的) 零钱。 [OBJ] money, change, notes/coins ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv count to wards sth (also .count toward sth especially AmE) to be included as part of sth you hope to obtain or achieve 计入 (希望 获得或争取之事)：Marks from this test count towards your final grade. 这次测验的分数将计 入你们的期末成绩。 ◊ These sales will not count toward meeting the target. 这些销售额将不计入 完成目标的额度。 ♦ v + prep count sb/sth 'up to add together the number of things or people in a group 累加； 总计： Count up the number of times you've been abroad. 数数你一共出国几次。 [OBJ] number NOTE Count sb/sth is used on its own with the same meaning. * count sb / sth 单独使用也作 此义。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n / pron + adv count upon sb/sth, etc. -> COUNT ON SB/STH, ETC. couple couple /ˈkʌpl/ couple sb/sth with sb/sth to link one person, thing or situation with another 把...与...连接起来：The large number of new graduates, coupled with high unemployment, means that there is fierce competition for jobs. 应届毕业生很多，再加上失业率很高，这意味着 求职竞争激烈。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep cover cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ cover sth over (with sth) to cover sth completely, especially to hide or protect it (以…) 覆盖，遮掩：Put the bulbs in a bowl and cover them over with soil. 把球茎放入盆 中，上面盖上土。 ◊ The shopping mall is covered over with an enormous glass roof. 购物 中心上方罩着巨大的玻璃顶。 NOTE Cover sth (with sth) is used more often with this meaning. * cover sth (with sth) 作此义 更常见。 ♦ v + n/pron 十 adv ♦ v + adv + n cover up； cover yourself up (with sth) to put on more clothes 加衣；穿着 (某衣物)： Make sure you cover up before going out in the sun. 烈日下外出之前，一定要多穿衣服把身体包 住。 ◊ Cover yourself up. It's cold. 穿暖和点，天 气很冷。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv cover up (for sb/sth), .cover sth up to try hard to stop people finding out about a mistake, a crime, etc.; to hide the truth about sth (为…) 掩饰，隐瞒 (错误、罪行、真相 等)： He's always covering up for her. 他总是护 她的短。 ◊ The government's attempts to cover up the scandal failed. 政府企图掩盖丑闻，但没 有得逞。 [OBJ] scandal, mistake, truth SYN conceal sth (more formal)； hide sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) ► cover-up n [usually sing.] an act of hiding a mistake, a crime, etc. 掩饰；隐瞒：The oppos- ition accused the government of a cover-up. 反 对党指责政府隐瞒真相。 cover sb/sth up to put sth over sb/sth in order to hide or protect them/it 盖住；遮住： You can cover up ugly pipes with wooden boxes. 你可以用木盒包住这些难看的管子。 ◊ There was something on the table covered up with a cloth. 桌子上有东西用布罩着。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cozy cozy /ˈkəʊzi ; AmE 'koʊzi/ (cozies, cozying, cozied) cozy up to sb (AmE) -> COSY UP TO SB crack crack /kræk/ crack down; crack down on sb/sth to try harder to prevent people breaking a rule, using sth harmful, committing a crime, etc. and deal severely with those who do (对…) 采取严厉措施；制裁；镇压： Police are cracking down hard on drug dealers. 警方正在 严厉打击毒贩。◊ The government is cracking down on misleading food labelling. 政府正采取 严厉措施取缔误导性食品标签。 SYN clamp down, clamp down on sb/sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep ► crackdown (on sb/sth) n severe action that is taken to prevent people committing a crime, opposing the government, etc. 严惩； 制裁； 镇 压： a police crackdown on car crime 警方对汽车 犯罪的严厉打击 crack on (with sth) (BrE, informal) to work hard and do sth quickly 努力，依干，拼命干 (某 事)： We'd better crack on with the painting before it gets dark. 我们最好赶在天黑之前加把 劲儿刷完漆。 SYN get on (with sth) ♦ v + adv crack up (informal) to become physically or mentally ill because you are under pres- sure (因压力身体或精神) 垮掉，崩溃：She's cracking up under the strain. 压力过大， 她快要 吃不消了。 ♦ v + adv ► crack-up n (AmE, informal) 1 a period of mental illness caused by pressure 精神崩溃： She was never the same again, after her crack-up. 精神崩溃后她就像换了个人。 2 a person who is mentally ill 精神病患者: endless articles about Hollywood crack-ups 对好莱 坞精神病人持续不断的报道 3 a situation in which a system or organization stops functioning well or stops being well organized (体系或组织) 运转不灵，瓦解： the crack-up of the conservative movement in the US 美国保守 主义运动的衰败 crack up； .crack sb up (informal) to start laughing a lot; to make sb laugh a lot (使) 大笑起来：Everybody cracked up when he fell over. 他捧了一跤，引起众人一阵哄笑。 ◊ She's so funny—she cracks me up! 她真滑稽，逗得我 捧腹大笑。 SYN crease up, crease sb up (BrE) NOTE used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM be .cracked up to be sth (informal) to be as good, clever, exciting, etc. as people think or say sb/sth is 如同人们想象 (或所说) 的那样 好 (或聪明、令人兴奋等)：Stardom is not all it's cracked up to be. 当明星并非想象中那样。 ◊ She's not as good as she's cracked up to be. 她并 不像人们说得那么好。 ► crack-up n informal) a person who is good at making other people laugh 逗趣的人： She was always the class crack-up. 她在班上总 是很风趣。 cram cram /kræm/ (-mm-) cram into sth; cram sb/sth 'in； cram sb/sth 'in/into sth to go into a place or space that is too small for everyone/everything; to push or force sb/sth into a place or space that is too small (把…) 塞进(…) 去： Six of us crammed into Rob's Mini. 我们六个人挤进了罗布的宝马迷你车 里。 ◊ I only had three days in New York, but I crammed in as much sightseeing as I could 我在纽约只呆了三天，可我尽可能多游览了些地 方。 ◊ He crammed all the sweets into his mouth. 他把所有糖果全塞进嘴里。 ◊ You can't cram eight children into the car! 你不可能把八 个孩子塞进车里！ ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep crank crank/kræŋk/ crank sth out (informal, especially AmE) to produce sth quickly and in large amounts 大 量快速制成；粗制滥造：The plant can crank out about 63 cars an hour. 这家工厂每小时约可生 产 63 辆汽车。 SYN churn sth out; turn sth out ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv crank sth up (informal) 1 to make a machine start working or work better 使 (机 器) 运转；使提高效率：It's time to crank up the air conditioning, 该打开空调了。 2 to make music, etc. louder 把 (音乐等) 的音量调高: They cranked the music up when the party started. 晚会开始时，他们开大了音乐的音量。 [OBJ] music, volume SYN turn sth up (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n crash crash /kræʃ/ crash a round (also .crash a1 bout/'round especially BrE) (informal) to move around making a lot of noise 声音很大地移动；东碰西 撞地走动： I heard her crashing about in the bathroom. 我听到她在浴室稀里哗啦地折腾。 ♦ v + adv crash down to fall with a very loud noise 轰 隆一声倒下 (或落下)：Passengers had a lucky escape when a huge tree crashed down onto a busL 大树哗啦一声砸倒在公共汽车上，幸好乘客 有惊无险。 ◊ John's hand came crashing down on the table (= he hit the table hard with his hand). 约翰的手砰的一声拍在桌子上。 ◊ (figurative') All my dreams came crashing down around me (= I completely failed in what I wanted to do). 我所有的梦想都轰然破灭了。 NOTE Crash down is usually followed by a phrase beginning with a preposition. * crash down 通常后接介词短语。 ♦ v + adv crash into sb/sth (of a vehicle or a driver 车辆或驾驶员) to hit sb/sth, causing damage 碰撞；撞坏： The car crashed into a wall.车子 猛地撞到了墙上。 ◊ I crashed into the back of the car in front. 我砰的一声与前车追尾。 ♦ v + prep crash out （informal, especially BrE） to go to sleep because you are very tired (因极度疲 劳) 入睡，睡去： I was so tired I crashed out in an armchair. 我疲惫不堪，在扶手椅上睡着了。 SYN flake out (BrE) ♦ v + adv crash out of sth (sport) to lose a game very badly and so not be able to continue to take part in a competition (在比赛中) 惨败出局： England crashed out of the World Cup. 英格兰 队在世界杯比赛中惨遭淘汰。 NOTE This phrasal verb is used especially in newspapers. 这一短语动词尤用于报章。 ♦ v + adv + prep crash 'round (especially BrE) -> CRASH AROUND synonyms同义词辨析 crash (into sth) collide (with sth/sb) ♦ crash (into sth) ♦ plough into sth ♦ slam into/against sb/sth ♦ smash into sth These are all verbs that can be used when sth, especially a vehicle, hits sth else very hard. 这 些动词都表示碰撞，尤指车辆碰撞。 collide (with sth/sb) (of a vehicle or person) to crash into sb/sth else (车辆或人) 碰撞， 撞击： The car collided with the van in thick fog. 轿车与货车在大雾中猛烈相撞。 ◊ As he fell, his head collided with the table. 他摔倒时，头 猛磕到了桌子上。 crash (into sth) to hit an object or another vehicle, causing damage (与物体或另一交 通工具) 碰撞，撞毁：He crashed into a tree. 他撞到一棵树上。 plough into sth (BrE) (AmE plow into sth) (especially of a vehicle or its driver) to crash into sth with a lot of force, especially because you are driving too fast or not paying enough attention (尤指交通工具或 驾触员) 猛撞: A truck ploughed into the back of the bus. 货车猛地撞上公共汽车的尾部。 slam into/against sb/sth to crash against sb/sth with a lot of force 猛地撞上：The car skidded and slammed into a tree. 车子打滑， 猛地撞到了树上。 smash into sth to crash into sth with a lot of force 猛地撞上： The car smashed into a tree. 汽车猛撞在树上。 WHICH WORD? Crash is used particularly for vehicles and can be used without a preposition * crash 尤用于 指车辆碰撞，并且可不接介词: We're going to crash, aren't we? 我们要撞车了，对吧 ？ In this meaning slam, smash and plough always take a preposition. Slam and smash are used for a much wider range of things than just vehicles. * slam, smash 和 plough 作此义时总是接介词。 slam 和 smash 使用范围较广，不仅限于车辆。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ two vehicles crash/collide ■ two vehicles crash/slam/smash/plough into each other ■ to crash/collide head-on crawl crawl /krɔːl/ crawl with sb/sth (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行商) to be full of moving people, animals, insects, etc. in an unpleasant way 挤满，爬满，充满 (人、动 物、昆虫等)： The place is crawling with cops! 这地方到处是警察！ [OBJ] police, insects ♦ v + prep cream cream /kriːm/ cream sb/sth off to take away the best people or things in a group or an amount of money, usually for your own advantage 提取 (精华)；选取 (最好的人或物)；取走 (一定 数额的钱款)： The best pupils are creamed off into special classes. 最优秀的学生都编入特别 班 ◊ The company's directors are creaming off the profits. 公司的董事们分享了利润。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv crease crease /kriːs/ crease up; .crease sb up (BrE, informal) to start laughing; to make sb start laughing (使) 大笑起来：We all creased up when we saw her hat! 看到她的帽子，我们都爆笑起来！ ◊ His programme always creases me up. 他的节目总 是令我捧腹。 SYN crack up, crack sb up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv credit credit /ˈkredɪt/ credit A with B; credit B to A 1 to believe that sb/sth is responsible for sth or for doing sth, especially sth good 认为...负责某事 (或做某事)；把某事归功于：Bach is credited with performing the first solo on a piano. 巴 赫被认为是第一个表演钢琴独奏的人。 ◊ She credits her good looks and intelligence to her father's side of the family. 她认为自己的美貌 和才智遗传自父亲的血统。 2 to consider that sb/sth has a particular good quality or characteristic 认知...有 (某品质或优点)：I had credited him with more sense. 我原以为他会更 有判断力。 ◊ Numerous health benefits are cred- ited to this natural oil. 人们认为这种天然油对 健康好处良多。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语 态。You can also use the pattern credit sb/sth as sth, especially in the passive 也可说 credit sb / sth as sth, 尤用在被动语态结构中：The chee- tah is generally credited as the world's fastest animal. 猎豹被公认为世界上跑得最快的动物。 ♦ v 十 n/pron + prep creep creep /kriːp/ (crept, crept /krept/) creep 'in; creep into sth to start happening or affecting sb/sth gradually 逐渐 发生；逐步影响：I thought I'd decided, but then doubts started to creep in. 我原以为自己拿 定主意了，可后来却又困惑起来。 ◊ A hint of sarcasm crept into his voice. 他的语气中渐渐带 有一丝嘲讽。 ◊ More and more foreign words are creeping into the language. 越来越多的外来 词渗透到这种语言中来。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep creep sb out (A/n£, informal) to make sb feel frightened and not safe 使害怕； 使不安: The way that man was watching us really creeped me out. 那个男人看着我们的样子把我亦 坏了。 ◊ I was a little creeped out by their first video, 他们的第一部录像使我有点受惊了。 NOTE Creeped is used as the past tense and past participle of this verb. 这一动词的过去式 和过去分词出 creeped。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv creep 'over sb/sth if a feeling creeps over you, or an expression creeps over your face, it gradually affects you (感觉) 悄悄袭来； (表情) 慢慢流露： A feeling of tiredness began to creep over her. 她渐渐开始感到疲惫。 ◊ A sly smile crept over her lips. 她的嘴角露出一丝狡黠 的笑意。 SYN steal over sb/sth ♦ v + prep creep up 1 if a price, an amount, etc. creeps up, it rises very gradually (价格、数 量等） 逐渐增长：House prices are starting to creep up. 房价在逐渐上涨。 2 (on sb) to move nearer to sb/sth slowly and quietly without being seen or heard 缓慢而悄悄地接近： Don't creep up on me like that! 别那样蹑手蹑脚地靠 近我！ ◊ Jack crept up behind me. 杰克悄无声息 地走到我身后。 SYN steal up (on sb) ♦ v + adv creep up on sb 1 if an event, a date, etc. creeps up on you, it arrives before you are reaUy ready for it (事件、日期等) 不知不觉到 来，不受注意地临近：The exams just seemed to creep up on me. 考试似乎不知不觉就到了。2 if a feeling, etc. creeps up on you, it starts to affect you before you realize it (感觉等) 潜 移默化：Anorexia can creep up on young girls when they least expect it. 年轻女子可能不经意 间就患上厌食症。 ♦ v + adv + prep crop crop /krɒp; AmE krɑːp/ (-pp-) crop up (informal) to appear, happen, etc. when it is not expected (意外地) 出现，发生： I can't make it tonight-omething's cropped up. 我今晚不行---出了件事情。 ◊ Her name keeps cropping up everywhere. 她的名字不断在 各种场合出现。 SYN come up ♦ v + adv cross cross /krɒs; AmE krɔːs/ cross sb/sth off; .cross sb/sth off sth to remove sb's name or an item from a list by drawing a line through it because you have dealt with them/it or they are/it is no longer involved (从名单或清单上) 画掉，勾销；删去： Cross off any items we've already got. 把我们已 有的物品都画掉。 ◊ Jane won't be coming, so we can cross her off the list. 简不来了，我们可以把 她的名字从名单上删掉了。 SYN delete sth (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep cross sth 'out/'through to remove words from a text by drawing a line through them, usually because they are wrong 画去，删除 (文中错字等)：I crossed his name out and wrote mine instead. 我勾掉他的名字，填上了我 的。 ◊ You've spelt it wrong. Cross it out and try again. 你拼错了。 画掉重写。 [OBJ] word, name an delete sth (more formal); x sth out (AmE, informal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cross over 1 (also .cross 'over sth) (espe- cially BrE) to go from one side of sth, for example a road/street, a room, etc. to the other 走到对面；横穿：Let's cross over to the other side. 咱们到那边去吧。 ◊ She crossed over the road. 她横穿过马路。[OBJ] road, bridge 2 (into/to sth) to move from one style or type of music, culture, politics, etc. to another; to combine parts of different styles or types (音 乐、文化、政见等的风格或类型) 转变；结合 (不同风格或类型)： They're a blues band who have succeeded in crossing over to jazz. 他们是 一支成功融合了爵士乐风格的布鲁斯乐队。 ♦ 1 v + adv ♦ v + prep ♦ 2 v + adv ► crossover n a successful combination of different styles of music, etc.; a successful change from one style to another (不同音 乐风格等的) 结合，跨界，转变：an exciting rock-dance crossover 摇滚与舞蹈的激情糅合 ◊ a crossover artist 转型艺术家 ◊ She's made the crossover from modelling into pop. 她从模特转 型为流行歌手。 cross sth through -> CROSS STH OUT/THROUGH crouch crouch /kraʊtʃ/ crouch over sb/sth to bend over sb/sth so you are near them/it 俯身接近： She crouched over the injured man, checking his wounds. 她 弯下腰，检查伤员的伤口。 ♦ v + prep crowd crowd /kraʊd/ crowd around etc. (especially AmE) -> CROWD ROUND, ETC. crowd in; .crowd into sth to move in large numbers into a small place 涌入 (狭小 的空间)：As soon as the doors opened people began to crowd in. 门一打开，人们蜂拥而入。 ◊ We all crowded into the lift. 我们全都挤进电 梯。◊ (figurative) Memories she would rather forget came crowding in. 挥之不去的往事涌上 她的心头。 ◊ (figurative) Doubts crowded into my mind. 我一时满腹疑团。 SYN pile in, pile into sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep crowd sb/sth in； .crowd sb/sth 'into/'onto sth to put a large number of people or things into a small space 把 塞进 (...)去：I doubt if we can crowd any more people in—he place is packed already. 我怀疑能否再塞进人 了 -----这里已经拥挤不堪。 ◊ We were all crowded into a small area behind the goal. 我 们全都挤在球门后面的一小块地方。 SYN cram sb/sth in, etc.; pack sb/sth in, etc. ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep crowd 'in (on sb) if high buildings, moun- tains, etc. crowd in, they seem to surround you and threaten you or have a strong effect on you (高楼、高山等) 给 (某人) 压迫感: The high walls seemed to crowd in (on her). 四 周的高墙似乎 (向她) 压了过来。 ◊ (figurative) He tried to resist the fears that were crowding in on him. 他竭力抑制涌上心头的恐惧。 ♦ v 十 adv + prep crowd sb/sth onto sth -> CROWD SB/STH IN, ETC. crowd sb/sth 'out (of sth) if a number of people or things crowd out other people or things, they are present in such large numbers that there is no room for anyone or anything else 把… (从…中) 挤出去： Tourists are crowding the regular customers out: of the bar. 酒吧挤满游客，老主顾都进不去了。 ◊ (figura tive) Small shops are increasingly being crowded out by the big supermarkets. 小店铺给大超市排 挤得越来越无立足之地。 SYN squeeze sb/sth out, etc. ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep crowd round； .crowd round sb/sth (especially BrE) (AmE usually .crowd a round, .crowd a'round sb/sth) to gather in large numbers around sb/sth 聚集在...周围；聚拢： People were crowding around to see what was going on. 人们聚过来围观。 ◊ Fans crowded round him to ask for his autograph. 崇拜者围 着他要签名。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep crumple crumple /ˈkrʌmp(ə)/ crumple sth up to crush sth, especially a piece of paper, into a ball 把 (纸片等) 揉成 一团： She crumpled, his letter up without even looking at it. 她连看都没看就把他的信揉成一团。 [OBJ] paper SYN ball sth up (AmE), scrunch sth up; wad sth up (especially AmE) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cry cry /krai/ (cries, crying, cried) cry for sth to ask for or demand sth in a determined or urgent way 呼吁；呼救：The families of the victims are crying for justice. 受害者家属强烈呼吁伸张正义。◊ Listen! That sounds like somebody crying (= calling) for help. 听！那声音像是有人在喊救命。 help, mercy ♦ v + prep cry off； cry off sth； .cry off doing sth (BrE to decide not to do sth you have promised or agreed to do 食言；违背约定: We'd arranged to go together but Luiz cried off at the last moment. 我们说好一起去的，可路易 斯事到临头又变卦了。◊ Why did you cry off training last night? 昨晚的训练你为什么说来又 没来？ SYN pull out, pull out of sth, etc. -> see also BEG OFF, BEG OFF STH, ETC. ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep cry out to make a loud sound without words because you are hurt, afraid, surprised, etc. (因伤痛、惊恐、惊讶岑) 大叫，叫喊: She cried out in/with pain. 她疼得大叫。 ♦ v + adv cry out sth to shout sth loudly 大声呼喊：He suddenly cried out, (Stop at once!f 他突然大喝一 声：“马上住手！” ◊ She could hear a voice crying out her name. 她听见有人喊她的名字。 ♦ v + adv + speech ♦ v + adv + n cry 'out against sth to protest strongly about sth 强烈抗议；大声疾呼反对： People have been crying out against this abuse for years. 多 年来人们一直在激烈谴责这-陋习。 ♦ v + adv + prep ► outcry (against/at/over sth) n [C, U] a public reaction of strong protest against sth 公 众的强烈抗议 (或反对)：There is sure to be a massive outcry against the proposals. 这些提案 定会遭到公众大规模的猛烈抨击。 cry out for sth （usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) to clearly need sth very quickly 迫切需要： The group is crying out for new members. 该组急需新成员。 ◊ The whole system was crying out for a radical review. 整个体系亟待彻底检讨。 ♦ v + adv + prep cuddle cuddle/ˈkʌd(ə)l/ cuddle up (to/against sb), ,cuddle up together if children, pets, etc. cuddle up, they sit or lie close to each other or sb else, because they need warmth or comfort, or want to show affection 偎依着 (某人)； 紧靠 在一起： Jack cuddled up to his mother. 杰克依 偎着母亲。 ◊ The cubs cuddle up together for warmth. 幼兽挤在一起取暖。 SYN snuggle up (to/against sb/sth) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + adv culminate culminate /ˈkʌlmɪneɪt/ culminate in sth (also 'culminate with sth less frequent) (formal) to end with a particular result or conclusion, or at a particular point 以…告终； 达到…终点： The negotiations culminated in an agreement acceptable to all sides. 谈判最终达成了各方均能接受的协议。 ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 cry out cry out ♦ scream out ♦ screech ♦ shriek ♦ wail These verbs all mean to give a loud high cry, or to make a loud high noise. 这些动词都表示 大叫、尖叫、叫嚷。 cry out to make a loud sound without words because you are hurt, afraid, surprised, etc. （因伤痛、害怕、惊讶等）大叫，叫喊: she tried to stop herself from crying out. 她竭力克 制自己不响出声来。 ◊ He cried out in fear, 他 害怕得失声大叫。 ► cry n : He gave a loud cry of despair. 他发出绝望的叫喊。 scream out to give a loud, high cry, because you are hurt, frightened, excited, etc.（因伤 痛、惊恐、激动等）尖叫，惊呼: He covered her mouth to stop her from screaming out. 他 捂住她的嘴巴，阻止她尖叫。NOTE Scream can be used on its own * scream 可单独使用： The kids were screaming with excitement. 孩子 们兴奋地尖声大叫。 ► scream n : She let out a scream of pain. 她痛得尖叫一声。 screech to make a loud, high, unpleasant sound 剌耳地尖叫：He screeched with pain. 他 疼得直叫。 ► screech n : She suddenly let out a screech. 她突然发出一声尖叫。 shriek to give a loud, high cry, for example when you are excited, frightened or in pain （因激动、惊恐、痛苦等）尖叫，尖声叫喊： She shrieked in fright. 她吓得尖叫一声。 ◊ The audience was shrieking with laughter. 观众放 声大笑。 ► shriek n : She let out a piercing shriek. 她发出刺耳的尖叫。 wail to make a long, loud cry, especially because you are sad or in pain （因悲伤或痛 苦）哀号，恸哭， 嚎啕: The little girl was wailing miserably. 小女孩痛哭失声。 ► wail n : He let out a wail of anguish. 他大声哭号， 极度痛苦。 WHICH WORD? A wail is longer than a scream, but less strong and extreme; it can be high or low in pitch, but a scream is always high, and is used particularly for women. Of these words, only scream, screech and wail can be used to talk about a noise made by things 与 scream 相比， wail 持续时间长，但不那么尖厉；wail 的声音 可高可低，但 scream 总是指大声尖叫，且尤用 于指女性。这些词中，仅 scream、screech 和 wail 可用于指物体发出的噪声：Lights flashed and sirens screamed. 灯光闪烁，警报尖啸。 ◊ The car screeched to a halt 汽车嘎吱一声停住 了。 ◊ Sirens wailed in the distance. 远处警报呼 啸。 All of these verbs can be used with speech 这些动词都可与引语连用：‘It's broken!’ She wailed ！ "它破了！” 她号啕大哭。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to scream （out）/cry out/screech/wail/shriek at sb ■ to scream （out）/cry （out）/screech/wail/shriek in/with pain, terror, etc. ■ to scream （out）/cry out/screech helplessly/shrilly/loudly ■ brakes/tyres screa m/screech/shriek ■ to screech/shriek to a halt curl curl /kɜːl; AmE kɜːrl/ curl up; be .curled up 1 to lie down or sit down with your back curved and your knees and arms close to your body 蜷曲；蜷曲 着：I love curling up in. an armchair with a good book. 我爱蜷缩在扶手椅里读一本好书。 ◊ The cat was curled up asleep under the bush. 猫在灌 木下蜷成一团睡觉。 2 if the edges of pages, leaves, etc. curl up, they bend towards the middle （书页、叶子等的边缘）卷起，卷曲: The pages had all curled up at the comers. 书页 的页角都卷起来了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ be + v + adv curl sth up; curl yourself up to bend sth/yourself into a tight curved shape 使蜷曲 着： She curled her legs up under her on the sofa. 她盘腿坐在沙发上。 ◊ He curled himself up under the covers and went to sleep. 他蜷缩在被 子底下睡着了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv curse curse /kɜːs; AmE kɜːrs/ curse sb out （also ,cuss sb out） (AmE, informal） to swear at sb because you are angry with them 咒骂；诅咒：She came up to me after school and just started cussing me out. 放学后 她走到我身边开始骂我。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n be cursed with sth to have or suffer from sth bad 遭受（厄运）；受…折磨: He was cursed with poor health from childhood. 他从小就受体 弱多病之苦。 I've always been cursed with bad luck. 我总是走霉运。 ♦ be + v + prep curtain curtain /ˈkɜːt(ə)n; AmE ˈkɜːrtn/ curtain sth off （from sth） to separate part of a room with a curtain or curtains 用帘子（把 房间的一部分）隔开：A comer of the room was curtained off. 屋子的一角用帘子隔开了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cuss cuss /kʌs/ cuss sb 'out (AmE , informal) -> CURSE SB OUT cut cut /kʌt/ (cutting, cut, cut) cut across sth 1 (also ,cut through sth) to take a short route (a short cut) across a place instead of going around it 抄近路穿过；径直通 过：We'll get there quicker if we cut across the fields. 我们走小路穿过田地到那里会快一点。 2 to affect or be true for people in different groups that usually remain separate 影响，适 用于 (不同群体)： Opposition to the proposal cuts across party boundaries. 对提案的反对超越 了党派界限。 （OBJ） boundary, division ♦ v + prep cut a way if a television programme or a film/movie cuts away, it shows sth different from what was shown before (电视节目或影 片的画面) 切换： We cut away to a building site, where Carter is searching through the rubble. 我 们将镜头切换到一个建筑工地，卡特正在瓦砾中 搜寻。 ♦ v + adv ► cutaway n: There was a cutaway to Jackson's guest on the podium. 画面切换到了讲 台上杰克逊邀请的嘉宾。 cut sth a way (from sth) to remove sth by cutting with a knife or a sharp tool (从...) 切除，割掉，剪去：Cut away any dead branches. 把枯枝全砍掉。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► cutaway n a model or diagram with some outside parts left out, in order to show what the inside looks like 剖面图 cut back (on sth) 1 to reduce sth such as the amount sb spends or produces 减少，缩减 (开支 或 生产)：The recession means that everyone is cutting back. 经济衰退意味着每个人 都在削减开销。 ◊ We've had to cut back on staff to save money. 为了省钱，我们必须裁员。 2 (especially AmE) to eat, drink or use less of a particular thing, usually for your health (通 常为健康原因) 节制，减少 (饮食等)：I smoke too much. I must cut: back. 我抽烟太多，必须加 以控制了。 ◊ The doctor's told me to cut back on red meat. 医生建议我少吃红肉。 -> see also CUT STH BACK 1, CUT DOWN ♦ v + adv ► cutback (in sth) n [usually pl.] a reduction in sth 减少；缩减：cutbacks in public spending 公共开支的削减。 SYNONYMS同义词辨析 cut sth back axe sth ♦ cut sth back ♦ cut sth down ♦ scale sth back ♦ scale sth down ♦ slash sth These verbs all mean to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or the size of a business. 这些动词都表示削减、降低、减少，尤指金额或 企业规模。See also bring sth down. axe sth (BrE) (AmE usually ax) (often passive) (used especially in newspapers) to get rid of a service, jobs, etc. in order to save money (尤用于报章) 取消，削减，裁减 (机构、岗 位等)：Unprofitable services are to be axed next year. 不盈利的部门明年将被砍掉。 ◊ 250 staff were axed as part of the shake-up. 作为改 组的一部分内容，250名员工被解聘。 cut sth back to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or business 缩减, 降低 (尤指金额或业务)：We'll have to cut back production. 我们得减产。 NOTE Cut can be used on its own * cut 可单独使用：His salary has been cut by 10%. 他被减薪 10%。 It is also possible to use cut back on sth 也可说 cut back on sth: We are trying to cut back on spending. 我们正想方设法削减开支。 ► cutback n [usually pl.]: cutbacks in public spending 公共开支的削减。 cut sth down to reduce the size, amount or number of sth 削减，降低 (规模、数量 或 数 目)：We need to cut the article down to 1000 words. 我们需要将文章删减至1000字。 NOTE It is also possible to use cut down on sth 也可说 cut down on sth: The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. 医生嘱咐他 少喝酒。 scale sth back (especially AmE or business) to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or the size of a business 缩减，降低 (尤指金 额或企业规模)：The IMF has scaled back its growth forecasts, 国际货币基金组织已调低了 其经济增长预期。 scale sth down to reduce the number, size or extent of sth 缩减，降低 (数目、规模或幅 度): We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year. 我们正考虑明 年压缩培训项目。 slash sth (often passive) (used especially in newspapers} to reduce sth by a large amount (尤用于报章) 大幅削减，大大降低：The workforce has been slashed. 职工总数遭大幅 裁减。 WHICH WORD? Cut is the most general of these verbs. Cut back and scale back are both used especially to talk about money or business. Cut down and scale down are both more general and are used more for talking about things other than money or business. 这些动词中，cut 含义最宽 泛。cut back和scale back 尤用于指金钱或业务 上的缩减。cut down 和 scale down 含义较宽 泛，多用于指金钱或业务之外事物的缩减。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to cut sth/cut sth back/cut sth down/scale sth down from ... /to ... /by ... ■ to cut sth (back)/cut sth down/scale sth down considerably/significantly/drastically ■ to cut/slash/cut back on/cut down on/scale back spending/production ■ to cut/slash/cut back/axe jobs ■ to cut/slash costs/prices/taxes/the budget cut sth back 1 to reduce sth a lot (大幅) 降低，缩减：Government funding is being cut back. 应府拨款正在削减。 ◊ We have agreed to cut back CFC emissions by 2020. 我们同意 2020 年前大幅降低氯氟烃的排放。[OBJ] production, spending, pollution SYN pare sth down (to sth), pare sth back (to sth) NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于彼动语态。 2 to reduce the size of a plant, a bush, etc. by cutting parts off 修剪；截短：That rose bush needs cutting back a lot. 那丛玫瑰需要修剪掉很多。[OBJ] bush, tree SYN prune sth ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) cut down (on sth) 1 to reduce the amount or quantity of sth削减，降低 (…的 数量)： Recycling cuts down on waste. 废品回收能减少 浪费。◊ I've spent too much already this month— I'll have to cut down a bit ( = spend less money). 我这个月开销已经太大一一我得省着 点花钱了。 2 to use or buy less of sth 少用； 少买：The doctor's told me to cut down on fatty foods. 医生建议我少吃高脂肪食物。 ◊ I haven't stopped smoking, but I've cut down to five a day. 我还没戒烟，可已经减少到每天抽五支。 -> see also CUT STH DOWN 1, CUR BACK ♦ v + adv cut sb down (formal, BrE) to kill sb 致...死 亡；令...殒命：He was cut down by pneumonia at an early age. 他因肺炎早逝。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cut sb/sth down (AmE, informal) to make sb feel or look stupid, especially in front of other people 使当众出丑；使出洋相；使丢人现 眼：He always cuts her down in front of his friends. 他总是在他的朋友面前让她难堪。 ◊ She's always cutting down my lifestyle. 她动不 动就嘲笑我的生活方式。 SYN put sb down ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM cut sb down to 'size to show sb that they are not as important as they think they are 让 某人有自知之明 ► cutdown (AmE) (BrE 'put-down) n (infor- mal) a remark or criticism that is intended to make sb feel or look stupid 令人难堪的话；噎 人的话 cut sth down 1 to reduce the amount or quantity of sth 削减，降低 (数量)：Measures were introduced to cut down the number of road accidents involving children. 已采取措施 减少涉及儿童的交通事故的发生。 ◊ The policy aims at cutting down exhaust emissions. 这项政 策旨在控制废气排放。[OBJ] number, costs, amount SYN reduce sth (more formal) NOTE Cut sth can also be used on its own. Cut sth, not cut sth down is used for reducing the cost or the price of sth * cut sth 也可单独使用。降 低成本或价格用 cut sth, 而非 cut sth down: Petrol/gas prices have been cut. 燃油 /煤气降价 -> see also CUT DOWN; CUT STH BACK 1 -> note at CUT STH BACK 2 to make a tree, etc. fall down by cutting it at the base (自根部) 砍倒： Every time we cut a tree down, we plant a new one. 我们每砍伐一棵树，就补种一棵新的。[OBJ] tree SYN chop sth down; fell sth (more formal) 3 to reduce the length of sth 削减 (…的长 度)；缩短：Please cut your article down to 1 000 words. 请把你的文章删节到 1000字。 SYN shorten sth (more formal) NOTE Cut sth can also be used on its own with this meaning. * cut sth 单独使用也可作此义。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv cut in 1 (on sb/sth) to interrupt sb/sth 打断 (某人讲话或谈话): 'Listen to me! she cut in impatiently. “听我说！” 她不耐烦地插嘴道。 SYN interrupt (sb/sth) t see also cut into sth 2 2 (on sb/sth) (of a vehicle or a driver 车辆或 驾驶员) to move suddenly in front of another vehicle in a dangerous way, leaving little space between the two vehicles 超车抢道： The lorry cut in (on me) suddenly and I had to brake sharply. 那辆货车突然超车抢了我的道， 我只好猛踩刹车。 3 (of an engine, a motor or a piece of equipment 发动机、马达或设备) to start working automatically, especially after another source of power has failed (尤指断电 后) 自行启动，开始运转： If the power fails, the generator will cut in. 万一断电，这台发电机就 会自动发电。SYN kick in 4 (AmE, informal) to push in front of people who have been waiting in a line 插队；加塞儿: Someone tried to cut in in front of us. 有人想插到我们前面。 ◊ She saw some friends in line and cut in with them. 她 看见队列里有几个朋友， 于是插了进去。 SYN push in (BrE) 5 to interrupt a couple who are dancing to start dancing with one of them yourself 打断 (正在跳舞的两人以便与其中一人 跳舞)； 抢走舞伴： May I cut in? 可以打断一下 请您跳支舞吗？ ♦ v + adv 1 also v + adv + speech cut sb in (on sth) (informal) to include sb in a deal and give them a share of the profits 让…参与并分享利润：Do you think we can cut Harris in on the deal? 你看我们可以让哈里斯加 入进来做这笔买卖吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv cut into sth 1 to make a mark, an opening or a wound in sth with a knife or a sharp object 切入；切开口子：Make some pencil guidelines before you cut into the wood. 先用铅 笔画出标线，再在木头上锯个口子。 ◊ The rope was cutting into her wrists (= because it was very tight). 绳子勒破了她的手腕。[OBJ] cake, meat, etc. 2 to interrupt sth 打断；打扰：His voice cut into her thoughts. 他的声音打断了她 的思绪。 [OBJ] thoughts 3 to begin to use part or too much of sb's time, sth that belongs to sb else, etc. 开始占用，开始侵占 (某人的时间 或他人的物品)：My work's cutting into my free time at the moment. 我的工作现在占用了我的 业余时间。 ◊ The independent stations are cut- ting into our audience. 独立电视台开始与我们 争夺观众了。[OBJ] time SYN encroach on/upon sth （more formal) ♦ v + prep cut sb off 1 to interrupt a telephone conver- sation by breaking the connection 切断 (电话 通话线路)：Operator, I've just been cut off. 接 线员，我断线了。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被动语态。 2 to refuse to let sb have any of your money or property after you die 剥夺...的继承权：He cut his son off without a penny. 他完全剥夺了儿子的继承权。 [OBJ] son, daughter SYN disinherit sb (more formal) -> see also CUT SB OUT, CUT SB OUT OF STH 3 to end a relationship with sb because you do not want to see or talk to them any more 同...绝交；与...-刀两断；停止与...来往： His family have cut him off since he told them what he'd done. 自从他向家人透露了自己的所 作所为之后，他们断绝了与他的关系。 ♦ 1 v + n/pron + adv ♦ 2,3 v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) IDM be cut off in your prime to die suddenly when you are still young, strong and success- ful 英年早逝；短命 cut sb/sth off 1 (also cut yourself 'off) (from sb/sth) to separate sb/sth/yourself physically or socially from other people or things 使 (与…)分离；隔绝 (与…) 往来：His deafness cut him off from his family and friends. 失聪阻碍了他与亲友的交流。 ◊ She cut herself off from music after her marriage. 结婚后她不 再搞音乐了。 ◊ Why has he cut off all contact with his family? 他为什么与家人断绝了一切联 系？ ◊ The farm was completely cut off in the snowstorm. 暴风雪使农场与外界完全隔绝。 ◊ (figurative) Politicians are cut off from the reality of poverty. 政客完全不了解贫穷的现实。 SYN isolate sb/sth/yourself (from sb/sth) NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动语态。 2 to interrupt sb when they are speaking 打断 (谈话)： He cut me off in mid-sentence. 我话刚 说到一半就被他打断了。 ◊ My explanation was abruptly cut off. 我的解释突然给打断了。 3 to stop the supply of gas, water or electricity to sb's home 停止 中断 (煤气、水或电的供应)： The gas company threatened to cue them off if they didn't pay the bill. 煤气公司威胁说, 如果 拖欠账单，就停他们的煤气。 ◊ The water supply had been cut off. 断水了。 4 (AmE) -> CUT SB/ STH UP: A sports car cut me off as 1 turned into the road. 我拐上那条路. 一辆跑车抢了我的道。 5 to prevent sb from reaching or leaving a place; to stop sb 切断...的去路；拦截；阻挡： Try to cut him off at the traffic lights. 尽量在红 绿灯处把他截住。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► cut-off n an act of stopping sth 拦截；阻 挡；阻拦 cut sth off to block or get in the way of sth, etc. 阻碍；阻挡；堵住：The police cut off all their escape routes. 警方切断了他们所有的逃跑 路线。 ◊ The new hotel cuts off our view of the sea. 新旅馆挡住了我们观海的视野。 [OBJ] route, aid, supplies ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► cut-off n a point or a limit when you stop sth 截止点；界限： a cut-off in aid 援助中止 ◊ What is the cut-off date for registration? 注册哪 天截止？ cut sth off; cut sth off sth to remove sth by cutting it with a knife or a sharp tool (从…) 切掉，割去，截断：He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. 他从那匹布上截下一米。 ◊ Mind you don't cut your fingers off! 当心，别 切掉了手指！ ◊ she's had all her hair cut off. 她把头发剃光了。 ◊ If the photo is too large for the frame, cut a bit off the top. 如果相片比相框 大，就从顶部裁掉一点。 ◊ (figurative) Five seconds has been cut off the world record. 世界 纪录缩短了五秒。 SYN chop sth off, chop sth off sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep ► cut-offs n [pl.] trousers/pants that have been made shorter by cutting off part of the legs 剪短的裤子；毛边短裤 ► cut-off adj [only before noun] cut-off trousers/pants have been made shorter by cutting off part of the legs 裤管剪短的 ► offcut n (especially BrE) a piece of wood, paper, etc. that remains after the main piece has been cut 下脚料；边角材料。 cut yourself 'off (from sb/sth) -> CUT SB OFF 1 cut out if an engine or a motor cuts out, it suddenly stops working (发动机或马达) 突然 熄火，停止运转：One of the aircraft's engines cut out. 飞机的一个发动机突然停止运转。 ♦ v + adv ► cut-out n (especially BrE) a safety device that stops an electric current from flowing through sth (切断电路的) 断流器. 保险装置： A cut-out stops the kettle boiling dry. 断流器使 电水壶不致干烧。 cut out; cut out of sth (AmE) 1 (of a vehicle or a driver 车辆或驾驶员) to move suddenly sideways out of a line of traffic 突然 驶离车流：Did you see the way the car in front cut out? 你看见前面那辆车是怎样猛冲出去的 吗？ 2 （old-fashioned, slang) to leave 离开；走 开：I'm cutting out (of here). See you later. 我要 走了，回头见。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep cut sb 'out; cut sb out of sth to not allow sb to be involved in sth 不让...参与 (某 事): If we deliver the goods ourselves, we can cut out the middleman. 如果我们自己发货，就 可以绕开中间人了。 ◊ Don't cut your parents out of your lives! 不要把父母排除在你的生活之 外！ ◊ She cut me out of her will (= refused to let me have any of her money or property after she died). 她的遗嘱将我排除在外。 -> see also CUT SB OFF 1 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep cut sth out 1 to make sth unnecessary 使变 得不必要：Cut out some of the administration by computerizing your records. 用计算机处理记 录，减少一些办事手续。 ◊ The new fast train service cuts out the need for a long bus journey. 有了新的高速列车，就不必坐长途汽车了。[OBJ] need 2 (informal) to stop doing, using or eating sth 停止做 (或使用、食用)： I've cut out sweets to try to lose weight. 为了瘦身，我不吃 甜食了。 [OBJ] smoking, drink, sweets 3 (informal) to block light or sound 阻挡 (光线 或声音):That tree in front of the window cuts out the light. 窗前的树遮住了光线。[OBJ] light, noise SYN block sth out 4 (informal。 used to tell sb to stop doing or saying sth that is annoying you (用于制止恼人的话或事) 打 住，住口，住手：I'm sick of you two arguing— just cut it out! 我真烦你们俩吵来吵去---闭 嘴吧！ ◊ Now cut out the jokes and pay attention! 别说笑话了，集中注意力！[OBJ] it, that 5 to make sth by cutting 裁剪出; 砍出； 切出：They managed to cut out a path through the jungle. 他们设法在丛林里辟出一条小路。 ♦ v+ n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cut sth out；cut sth out of sth 1 to remove sth you want from sth larger by cutting; to cut the shape of sth from a piece of material, paper, etc. (从…) 剪下, 所下； 裁 剪：Simply cut out and return the coupon, 剪下 优惠券并寄回即可。 ◊ She cut the article out of the newspaper. 她从报纸上剪下了那篇文章。 ◊ The children enjoy cutting shapes out of coloured paper. 孩子们喜欢用彩纸剪出各种形 状。 [OBJ] article, picture 2 to remove sth bad from sth by cutting 切除 (环的部分)：I cut out the bad parts of the apple. 我削掉了苹果腐烂的 部分。 3 (informal) to leave sth out of a piece of writing, etc. 删减，删节 (文字等)：You can cut out the unimportant details. 你可以删掉无 关紧要的细节文字。SYN omit sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n • v + n/pron + adv + prep IMD have your work cut out (for you) (formal) to face a difficult task or situation 面临困难的 任务 (或局面)：You'll have your work cut out to beat him. 你想打败他绝非易事。 ► cut-out n a shape cut out of paper, wood, etc. 剪纸：刻出的图样：a cardboard cut-out 用 硬纸板剪出的图形 be cut 'out for sth； be .cut out to do/be sth (informal) to have the qualities and abilities needed for sth 具有…的天分； 是…的材料: I don't think I'm cut out for country life. 我认为我不适合乡村生活。 ◊ He's not cut out to be a politician. 他不是从政的料。 NOTE This phrasal verb is usually used in negative sentences. 这一短语动词通常用于否 定句。 ♦ be + v + adv + prep ♦ be + v + adv + to +inf cut 'through sth 1 -> CUT ACROSS STH 1： The path cuts through the wood. 小径横穿树林。 ◊ It should be quicker if we cut through town. 我 们从城里穿过去，应该会快一些。 2 to pass through sth by cutting 切开；割开；砍开：Will this saw cut through metal? 这把锯子能切割金 属吗？ ◊ (figurative) The sharp wind cut through his shirt. 凛冽的冷风吹透了他的衬衣。 ◊ (figurative) The pain cut through him like a knife. 他感到痛如刀割。 3 to overcome a difficulty that is preventing you from making progress 克服 (困难)； 冲破 (阻碍)： Once you cut through the technical language the report is easy to understand. 你弄通了术语，报 告就容易理解了。 ◊ The yacht cut smoothly through the waves. 帆船平稳地破浪前进。 4 to interrupt sth 打断：打扰：His voice cut through her thoughts. 他的声音打断了她的思路。 ♦ v + prep cut sth through sth to make a path or passage through sth by cutting 开辟穿越...的 小道：They had to use their knives to cut a path through the undergrowth. 他们不得不用刀在灌 木林中劈出一条小路。 [OBJ] path ♦ v + n/pron + prep cut up (AmE, informal) to behave in a noisy, Silly way, especially to try and make people laugh 胡闹；卖弄；插料打诨: He cut up in class. 他在班上调皮捣蛋了。 ♦ v + adv ► cutup n (AmE， informal) a person who jokes a lot or behaves in a silly way to make people laugh or to get attention 爱开玩笑的 人；插科打诨的人 cut sb up (informal) 1 to injure sb by cutting them with a knife, a piece of glass, etc. 割伤； 捅伤；划破：He was very badly cut up in the fight. 在斗殴中他被严重砍伤。 2 to make sb very emotionally upset 使伤心；使悲痛；使难 受：She's still very cut up about the divorce. 她 仍为离婚痛苦不已。 Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被动语态。 ♦ 1 v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ 2 v + n/pron + adv cut sb/sth up (BrE) (AmE .cut sb/sth off) (of a vehicle or a driver 车辆或驾驶员) to suddenly drive in front of another vehicle in a dangerous way 超车抢道：Did you see how he cut me up? 你看见他怎么抢我的道了吗？ SYN carve sb/sth up ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n cut sth up to divide sth into small pieces with a knife or a sharp tool 切碎；剁碎；剪碎： Who's going to cue up the vegetables? 谁来切 蔬菜？ SYN chop sth up ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dab dab/dæb/ （-bb-） dab at sth （with sth） to touch sth, especially your face, several times, quickly and lightly （用…）轻触，轻搽，轻拍（尤指脸部）：She was crying and dabbing at her eyes with a handkerchief. 她边哭边用手绢轻轻擦眼睛。 ◊ He gently dabbed at his cuts with a piece of cotton wool. 他用一块药棉轻轻按了按伤口。 [OBJ] my, your, etc. eyes NOTE Dab sth can be used on its own with the same meaning * dab sth 单独使用也可作此义: She dabbed her eyes with a handkerchief. 她用 手绢轻轻擦眼睛， ♦ v + prep dab sth off to remove sth such as a mark caused by a liquid with quick, light move- ments （轻快地）擦掉，抹掉（水渍等）：Dab the coffee off with your handkerchief. 用手帕擦 去咖啡污渍。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dab sth on （with sth） to put sth on a surface with quick, light movements （用 …）轻涂， 轻敷：Dab the paint on with a sponge. 用海绵轻 轻涂上颜料。 ◊ She dabbed on a little perfume. 她轻轻地搽了一点香水。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dabble dabble /ˈdæbl/ dabble in sth to take pan in an activity or a sport, but not very seriously 涉足，涉猎，尝试 （活动或体育运动）：She swims twice a week and has been dabbling in weight training. 她每 周游泳两次，偶尔还练一下举重。 ♦ v + prep dally dally /ˈdæli/ （dallies, dallying, dallied） dally with sth/sb （old-fashioned） to think about sth, do sth or treat sb in a way that is not serious enough 轻率地对待；玩弄；戏弄： They've been dallying with the idea for years. 他 们多年来一直有这个想法，但从未认真考虑过。 [OBJ] idea, thought SYN toy with sth ♦ v + prep dam dam /dæm/ （-mm-） IDM A dam is a barrier built across a river to stop the water from flowing. * dam 指水坝。 dam sth up to stop the water flowing in a river by building a dam across it 筑坝拦（河 水）：The stream was dammed up to form ornamental lakes. 小河上建坝蓄水，形成了装 饰性的湖泊。◊（figurative） I tried to dam up my tears. 我强忍住泪水。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv damp damp /dæmp/ （also dampen /'dæmpan/） damp sth down 1 to make a fire bum more slowly or stop burning 使（火）减弱； 熄灭：Firefighters were damping down the embers hours later. 几小时后，消防队员基本扑 灭了余烬。 ◊ He put sand on the fire to try to damp it down. 他试图用沙子把火压灭。 ◊ The fire had been damped down but not extinguishecL 火势得到了控制，但尚未熄灭。 [OBJ] fire 2 if sb/sth damps down an emotion or a feeling, it becomes less strong 抑制, 控制 （情绪或感情）：She tried to damp down her feelings of despair. 她努力克制自己的绝望情绪。 [OBJ] emotions 3 if sb/sth damps down a situation or an activity, it becomes slower or weaker 缓和（局势）；减缓（速度）：The latest increase in interest rates has damped down activity in the housing market. 最近的加 息抑制了住房市场交易。 4 （rare'） to make a surface slightly wet by spraying a small amount of water over it 酒水打湿（表面） ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （rare） dangle dangle /ˈdæŋɡl/ dangle sth be fore sb/sth to offer sb sth very attractive to try to persuade them to do sth 用..引诱；利用…吊某人胃口： it's the biggest financial incentive ever dangled before British footballers. 这是对英国足球运动员前所 未有的最大经济诱惑。 NOTE In front of can be used instead of before. 可用 in front of 代替 beforee ♦ v + n/pron + prep dash dash /daej/ dash a'bout （especially BrE） t dash around ,dash a'gainst sth （of rain, waves, the sea, etc. 雨水、波浪、海水等）to beat violently against a surface 拍打；痛击; 冲击 ♦ v + prep dash around （also .dash about/'round especially BrE） to move very quickly from place to place, being very busy 四处奔忙；到处奔波： I've been dashing around all day! 我东奔西跑地 忙了一整天了！ ◊ At the scene of the accident, people were dashing about all over the place. 在事故现场，人们急匆匆地来回奔忙。 SYN rush around ♦ v + adv dash away/ off to go away from a place in a hurry 急忙离开；匆匆走开：He dashes off every day at four o'clock. 他每天四点钟就急匆 匆走了。 ♦ v + adv dash sth a way if you dash tears away, you remove them quickly from your face 快速擦掉 (泪水)：He dashed away the tears welling up in his eyes with an impatient hand. 他烦躁地一 把抹掉涌出的泪水。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dash off -> DASH AWAY/OFF dash sth off to write or draw sth very quickly 仓促写出；草草画成：I dashed off a quick letter to my brother. 我匆匆忙忙给弟弟写 了封信。 SYN scribble sth ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) dash 'round (especially BrE) -> DASH AROUND date date /deɪt/ date back ... (also .date back to sth) to have existed since a particular time in the past or for the length of time mentioned 追溯到； 起始于：It's a tradition that dates back at least a thousand years. 这一传统至少可以追溯到一千 年前。 ◊ Her problems date back to her child- hood. 她的这些问题从小就有了。◊ The town dates back to Roman times. 这座城镇始建于古 罗马时代。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep date from sth to have existed since a par- ticular time in the past 自…至今；从...开：It is a beautiful vase dating from about 1715. 这 是一个漂亮的花瓶，大约制作于1715年。 ◊ The strike was the latest stage in a dispute which dated from 2004. 这次罢工是始自2004年的纠 纷发展到最新阶段的结果。 ♦ v + prep dawn dawn /dɔːn/ dawn on sb (also 'dawn upon sb more formal) if an idea, the truth or a fact dawns on you, you realize it for the first time 使开 始明白；使开始理解；使渐渐领悟：It suddenly dawned on us that we were lost. 我们突然意识 到我们迷路了。◊ The answer finally dawned on me. 我最终找到了答案。 SYN strike sb ♦ v + prep deal deal /diːl/ (dealt, dealt /delt/) deal in sth 1 to do business; to make money by buying and selling a particular product or kind of goods 经营； 买卖：He made a fortune dealing in stocks and shares. 他炒股发了财。◊ They deal exclusively in Chinese art. 他们专营中 国艺术品。◊ The company deals in computer software. 这家公司经营计算机软件。[OBJ] shares, art 2 to make money by buying and selling goods illegally, especially drugs 非法交易 (尤 指毒品)：They're rumoured to be dealing in stolen goods. 据传他们在倒卖赃物。[OBJ] drugs, arms 3 to be concerned with or involved in sth 关心；参与；涉足：This newspaper doesn't deal in gossip, only in facts. 这家报纸不登八卦 传闻，只报道事实。 ◊ She's not the type to deal in rumours. 她不是那种搬弄是非的人。 ♦ v + prep deal sb 'in (informal, especially AmE) to include sb in an activity 让… 加入 (活动)； 把...算入：it sounds like a great plan! Deal me in! 这计划听上去很棒！算我一个！ SYN count sb in OPP deal sb out, deal sb out of sth ♦ v+ n/pron + adv deal sb 'out; .deal sb out of sth (AmE, informal) to not include sb in an activity 不 让…加入 (活动)；不把...算入： You can deal me out of this. I don't want to get involved in anything illegal. 你不要把我算在内。我不想卷 入任何违法的事。 SYN count sb out, count sb out of sth OPP deal sb in ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep deal sth out (to sb) 1 to share sth among a number of people, groups of people or organizations 把…分发 (给…)：Well deal out the proceeds to several charities. 我们将把收益 分赠给几个慈善机构。 ◊ The profits were dealt out among the investors. 利润分给了投资者。 SYN distribute sth (more formal) 2 (in a game of cards 纸牌游戏)to give cards to each player 发(牌)：She dealt out seven cards to each player. 她给每人发了七张牌。NOTE Deal sth can also be used on its own with this meaning. * deal sth 单独使用也可作此义。3 to give sb a particular punishment; to say what punishment sb should have 给予，宣布 (处 罚)：She dealt out the same punishment to all the children. 她给所有孩子以同样惩罚。 ◊ Severe penalties are dealt out to persistent offenders. 惯犯会受到严惩。[OBJ] punishment SYN administer sth (formal) ♦ 1,2 v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ 3 v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv deal with sb 1 to look after, talk to or control people in an appropriate way, especially as part of your job (尤指作为工 作) 与…打交道，照管，管理： Her job involves dealing with young offenders. 她的工作职责是 看管少年犯。 ◊ They're very difficult people to deal with. 他们这些人很难缠。SYN handle sb 2 to take appropriate action in a particular situation or according to who you are talking to, etc. 接待；对付；应付：Can you deal with this customer? 你来招呼这位顾客好吗？ ◊ We have to deal with students and handle a load of paperwork as well. 我们必须接待学生，同时还 得完成大量案头工作。 ◊ Most patients are dealt with within four weeks. 大多数病人可在四周内 得到治疗。 3 to take appropriate action to punish sb who has done sth wrong 整治；惩处： Your father will deal with you when he gets home. 你爸爸回家后会收拾你的。 ◊ Athletes found guilty of taking drugs were swiftly dealt with. 被检测出服用禁药的运动员立刻受到了处 罚。 SYN sort sb out ♦ v + prep deal with sb/sth 1 to do business regularly with a person, an organization, a government, etc. 与…做生意：We prefer to deal only with reputable companies. 我们只喜欢与声誉良好的 公司打交道。 ◊ It is best to deal directly with foreign suppliers. 最好和国外供应商直接交易。 [OBJ] business, company 2 to talk to sb, an organization, a government, etc. in order to reach an agreement or settle a disagreement 商谈； 谈判：I prefer to deal with somebody in. authority. 我希望与管事的人谈。 ◊ It would help if I knew exactly who Pm dealing with. 如果我 早知道我在跟谁谈就好了。 ♦ v + prep deal with sth 1 to solve a problem, carry out a task, etc. 解决；应付；处理: to deal with enquiries/issues/complaints 处理查询 / 问题 / 投 诉。◊ The police dealt with the incident very effi- ciently. 警方高效地处置了这一事件。◊ There's some urgent correspondence here that hasn't been dealt with. 有些急件尚未处理。[OBJ] prob- lems, matter, situation, crisis 2 (of a book, poem, article, etc. 书, 诗、文章等) to be about sth 涉及；论及；论述：The next programme deals with the subject of divorce. 下个节目将讨 论离婚这一话题。[OBJ] subject, question, issue SYN cover sth 3 if you deal with an emotion such as anger or sadness, you learn to control it or become less affected by it 学会控制，学 着克制 (情绪)：He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way. 他开始用有效 方法克制自己的怒气。◊ "You've, got to try and forget her and get on with your life.' I'm dealing with it!' “ 你必须尽力忘掉她，过你自 己的生活。" “ 我在努力！ ” ◊ She's good at dealing with pressure. 她善于应对压力。 [OBJ] anger, grief, loss SYN cope (with sth) ♦ v + prep debar debar /dɪˈbɑː(r)/(-rr-) debar sb from sth； de bar sb from doing sth (formal) to prevent sb from doing sth, joining an organization, going somewhere, etc. 阻止：Students who have not paid their fees will be debarred from taking examinations. 未交费的学生将不得参加考试。◊ He was debarred from holding public office. 他 被禁止担任公职。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep decide decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ decide on sb/sth (also decide upon sb/sth more formal) to choose sb/sth after careful thought 决定；选定：We haven't decided on a date for the wedding yet. 我们尚未确定婚期。 ◊ Have you decided on whether to take the job or not? 要不要接受这份工作，你拿定主意了吗？ ◊ Nothing has yet been decided on. 还未做出任何 决定。 SYN settle on/upon sth ♦ v + prep deck deck /dek/ deck sb out； .deck yourself out (in/as/like sth) to put on interesting and brightly coloured clothes or jewellery, usually for a special occasion (通常为特定场合) 穿戴 打扮，穿着，戴着: He decked himself out in his best suit. 他穿上了自己最好的那套西装。 ◊ A lot of supporters were decked out in the team's colours. 很多支持者穿着和该队队服颜色一样的 衣服。 SYN dress up (as sth), etc. NOTE Deck sb/yourself (in/with sth) is also used on its own. * deck sb / yourself (in / with sth) 也可单独使用。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv deck sth out (with/in/like sth) to decorate sth, especially a room or a building, for a special occasion (为特定场合) 装柿 (尤指 房间或建筑物)；把 (房间等) 布置成…： The canteen was decked out with Christmas decorations. 餐厅装点着圣诞节饰品。 ◊ The room was decked out to look like the inside of a spaceship. 房间布置得像宇宙飞船船舱。 [OBJ] room NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv declare declare /dɪˈkleə(r); AmE dɪˈkler/ declare against sb/sth (BrE, formal) to say publicly that you do not support sb/sth 宣布不支持；声明反对： The newspaper has declared against the government in the run-up to the election. 在选举前的备选时期，该报声明 不支持政府。 ♦ v + prep de clare for sb/sth (BrE, formal) to say publicly that you support sb/sth 宣布支持；声 明赞成：Otto the Bald declared for the Emperor. 秃头奥托公开表态支持皇帝。 ♦ v + prep de clare for sth (AmE) 1 (of a politician) to announce that you will take part in an election for a particular office (政客) 宣布参 选：Yesterday she declared for Governor in a press conference. 昨天在记者招待会上，她宣布 参加州长竞选。 2 (of a sports player) to announce that you will take pan in the system by which teams choose players from a ranked group (the draft) (运动员) 宣布参加 (选秀)： He's been thinking about declaring for the draft since last year. 自去年起，他一直起考虑宣布参 加选秀。 ♦ v + prep dedicate dedicate /ˈdedɪkeɪt/ dedicate sth to sb to say at the beginning of a book, a piece of music or a performance that you are doing it for sb, as a way of thanking them or showing respect (在作品开 头) 把...题献给...： This book is dedicated to my parents. 谨以此书献给我的父母。 [OBJ] book, work, song ♦v + n/pron + prep dedicate yourself/sth to sth； dedi- cate yourself/sth to doing sth to give a lot of your time and effort to a particular activity or purpose because you think it is important 把 (时间、精力等) 用于；投身于: She dedicates herself to her work. 她全身心投入 工作。 ◊ He dedicated his life to helping the poor. 他毕生致力于帮助穷人。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep defer /dɪˈfɜː(r)：(-rr-) defer to sb/sth (rather formal) to accept sb's opinion or do what they suggest because you respect them 依从；顺从：I defer to your judgement in these matters. 我尊重你对这 些事的判断。 ◊ We are happy to defer to the committee's wishes. 我们乐于遵从委员会的 意愿。 [OBJ] judgement, wishes ♦ v + prep delight delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ delight in sth; delight in doing sth to get a lot of pleasure from sth or from doing sth, especially sth that annoys or upsets other people 以 (尤指令人不快的事) 为乐：She seemed to delight in making her parents angry, 她似乎以惹父母生气为乐。◊ From childhood, she delighted in reading. 她从小就喜爱阅读。 ♦ v + prep deliver deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ deliver on sth if you deliver on a promise, a threat or an agreement, you do what you have said you would do, or what you are expected to do 履行 (诺言)；实施 (威胁); 践约：Can he be trusted to deliver on his promises? 能相信他会信守诺言吗？ ◊ They failed to deliver on the agreement. 他们违背了协议。 [OBJ] promise, agreement ♦ v + prep deliver sb/sth over/'up (to sb), deliver yourself 'over/'up (to sb) (formal) to give sb/sth/yourself to sb in authority, often because you have been ordered to do so 将...移交，托付，交付 (给…) ； 自首：The defendant has been ordered to deliver up the goods. 已命令被告交出 货物。◊ She delivered the baby over to the care of her sister. 她把小孩交给姐姐照管。◊ He delivered himself up to the authorities. 他向当 局自首了。 SYN hand sb/sth over (to sb), etc. (less formal) ♦ v + adv + n ・v + n/pron + adv delve delve /delv/ delve 'into sth to try hard to find out more information about sth 追究；探究；追查: We should not delve too deeply into this painful matter. 我们不应该过分深究这件令人痛 苦的事。 [OBJ] subject, reasons SYN probe (sth/into sth) ♦ v + prep depart depart /dɪˈpɑːt; AmE dɪˈpɑːrt/ depart from sth to behave in a way that is different from what is usual or expected 违 反, 背离，不合 (常规)：The teachers are not encouraged to depart from the syllabus. 教师最 好不要偏离教学大纲。 ◊ They departed from tradition and got married in a hotel. 他们突破 传统，在旅馆结了婚。 [OBJ] principles, rules, tradition, decision ♦ v + prep depend depend /dɪˈpend/ depend on sb/sth (also depend upon sb/sth more format) 1 (for sth) (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) to need help or support from sb/sth in order to live or to manage in a particular situation 需要，依靠 (帮助或支持)：The organization depended heavily on voluntary help. 这个机构 十分依赖志愿者的帮助。 ◊ She came to depend on her daughter for support. 她最终依靠女儿供 养。 ◊ He depends on medication to stay alive. 他靠药物维将生命。 SYN rely on/upon sb/sth (for sth) 2 (not used in the progressive tenses 不 用于进行时) to be affected by or decided by sb/sth 受...影响；依...而定；取决于：I don't know if I'll come or not. It all depends on how tired I feel this evening. 我不知道能不能来。这 全得看看今晚是不是很累。 ◊ This may be a welcome change or not, depending on your point of view. 这个变化是否受欢迎取决于你的 视角。 3 to rely on sb/sth; to be able to trust sb 依靠；信赖：I hope you'll be able to come — I'm depending on you to help me. 我希望你能 来-----我指望着你帮忙呢。 ◊ We need someone who can be depended on. 我们需要一个靠得住 的人。 SYN count on/upon sb/sth; rely on/upon sb/sth 4 (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be sure that sth will happen 确信；相信；指望：You can depend on my sister to spoil things (= she always does). 我妹妹保准把事情弄糟。 SYN count on/upon sb/sth; rely on/upon sb/sth ♦ v + prep ♦ v + prep + n/pron + to +inf deprive deprive /dɪˈpraɪv/ deprive sb/sth/yourself of sth to prevent sb/sth from having sth important; to take sth away from sb 剥夺；使丧失；使不能 享受：In prison they were starved and deprived of sleep. 在狱中，他们忍饥挨饿，而且睡眠不 足。◊ The baby's brain had been deprived of oxygen during the birth. 这个婴儿出生时大脑缺 氧。 ◊ There is no need to deprive yourself of food on this diet. 按照这个规定饮食不必禁食。 ◊ (humorous) I couldn't deprive you of (= take away from you) your last few pence. 我不能搜 刮掉你最后的几个便士。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep derive derive /dɪˈraɪv/ derive from sth to come or develop from sth 从…衍生出；起源于；来自：The word history derives from the Latin word 'historia' meaning story. * history 一词源自拉丁语 historia, 意思是故事。◊ The criticism derives from a misunderstanding of our aims. 这一指责 出于对我们目标的误解。 ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 depend on/upon sb/sth believe in sb ♦ count on sb/sth ♦ depend on/upon sb/sth ♦ rely on/upon sb/sth ♦ trust sb/sth These verbs all mean to believe that sb/sth will do what you hope or expect of them or that what they tell you is correct or true. 这些动词 都表是相信、信赖、依靠。 believe in sb to feel that you can trust sb and/or that they will be successful 信赖； 信 任；相信（某人）会成功: They need a leader they can believe in. 他们需要一位信得过的 领袖。 count on sb/sth （often used with can, cannot, etc. 常与 can、cannot 等连用）to be sure that sb will do what you need them to do, or that sth will happen as you want it to happen 依赖, 指 望（某人做某事）；确信，期待（某事会发 生）：I'm counting on you to help me. 我就靠 你帮忙啦。 ◊ Can we count on your support in the next election? 下次选举时，我们还能得到 各位的支持吗？ depend on/upon sb/sth （often used with can, cannot, etc 常与 can、cannot 等连用）to trust sb/sth to do what you expect or want, to do the right thing, or to be true or correct 相信; 信赖； 信任：He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation. 他知道她会处理好 这一局面。 rely on/upon sb/sth （used especially with can, cannot, etc. 尤与 can, cannot 等连用）to trust sb/sth to do what you expect or want, or to be honest, correct or good enough 相信； 信 赖； 信任：Can I rely on you to keep this secret? 你能为我保守这一秘密吗？ ◊ He can't be relied on to tell the truth. 不能相信他会实话实说。◊ You can't rely on any figures you get from them. 不能相信他们提供的任何数字。NOTE Rely upon sb/sth is more formal than rely on sb/sth . * rely upon sb/sth 比 rely on sb/sth 正式。 trust sb/sth to believe that sb is good, honest, sincere, etc. and that they will do what you expect of them or do the right thing; to believe that sth is true or correct 相信; 信 赖； 信任：You can trust me not to tell anyone. 你尽可放心，我不会告诉任何人。◊ I don't really trust his judgement. 我不太相信他的判 断力。◊ Don't trust what you read in the newspapers! 不要相信报纸的一面之词！ WHICH WORD? You can trust a person but not a thing or system. You can trust sb's judgement or advice, but not their support. You can depend on sb's advice or support, but not their judgement. * trust 可用于人，但不用于事或体制；可指人的 judgement 或 advice, 但不用于人的支持。 depend on 可用于人的 advice 或 support, 但不 用于人的判断。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to trust/depend on/rely on/count on sb/sth to do sth ■ to trust/rely on/believe in yourself ■ to trust/depend on/rely on sb's advice ■ to trust/rely on sb's judgement ■ to rely on/depend on/count on sb*s support ■ to completely/fully trust/depend on/rely on/count on/believe in sb/sth derive sth from sth 1 （formal） to get or obtain sth from sth 从…中得到；从…中获得: She derived a great deal of satisfaction from this achievement. 她从这一成绩中获得极大的满足。 [OBJ] pleasure, satisfaction, information, benefits 2 to obtain a substance from sth 从… 中提取：These remedies are derived mainly from the natural world. 这些药物主要来自自然界。 NOTE Often used in the passive.常用于被动语 态。3 to come or develop from sth 从...衍生 出；起源于；源自：Washington derives its name from the first US president. 华盛顿得名于美国首 任总统。◊ The name of the mountain appears to be derived from an old Norse word. 这座山的 名称似乎是源于一个古挪威词。[OBJ] name, word NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于 被动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep descend descend /dɪˈsend/ be descended from sb/sth to be related to sb who lived a long time ago 是...的后裔：He claimed he was descended from the Vikings. 他 声称自己是维京人的后代。 [OBJ] ancestors, line, family ♦ be + v + prep descend into sth to get into a very bad condition or state 陷入（糟糕的境地）：The situation has descended into total chaos. 局面 变得—片混乱。◊ There were fears that the country was descending into turmoil or even civil war. 人们担心国家会逐渐陷入动乱，甚至 会爆发内战。 ♦ v + prep descend on sb/sth （also descend upon sb/sth more formal） 1 to arrive somewhere, especially suddenly and unexpectedly and in large numbers 突然涌到；大批到达：Dozens of police descended on the building. 数十名警察 突然进入这座大楼。◊ （humorous） My sister and her family are descending on us this weekend. 我妹妹一家这个周末要到我家来。2 to go towards sb/sth as if you are going to attack them/it 逼近：The mosquitoes descended on us as soon as night fell. 天一黑，蚊子就扑向我们。 ◊ A large woman in a hat was descending on them. 一个戴帽子的高大女人向他们冲过来。 ♦ v + prep descend to sth to do or say sth that makes people lose their respect for you 降低身份去 做; 竟做出；堕落到...地步: If you insult him back, you descend to his level. 你要是反过去侮 辱他，就是跟他一般见识了。 SYN stoop to sth, stoop to doing sth ♦ v + prep despair despair /dɪˈspeə(r); AmE dɪˈsper/ despair of sb/sth； despair of doing sth （formal or humorous} to feel that there is no hope that sb/sth will improve, get better, etc. or that sth will happen 对...绝望；对…失 去希望；丧失...的信心：I despair of you, Ian — act your age! 你太让我失望了，伊恩-----别跟 个孩子似的！ ◊ I'd begun to despair of ever seeing him again. 我那时开始绝望，觉得再也见 不到他了。 ♦ v + prep detract detract /dɪˈtrækt/ detract from sth （not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时）to make sth seem less good than it really is 诋毁； 减 损；贬低：These revelations should not detract from his achievements. 不应该因这些被揭露的 内幕而贬低他的成就。◊ Her tattered clothes in no way detracted from her beauty. 破衣烂衫丝 毫无损她的美貌。 SYN diminish sth ♦ v + prep devolve devolve /dɪˈvɒlv; AmE -ˈvɑːlv/ devolve on/to/upon sb/sth （formal） （of work, duties, power or responsibility 工作、 职责、权力或责任）to be given to a person or an organization by sb at a higher level of authority 交给，移交（下属或下层）：All the responsibility has devolved upon him. 所有责 任新落到了他肩上。◊ Additional powers will devolve to the regional governments. 将向地方 政府下放更多的权力。 ♦ v + prep de volve sth to sb/sth to give work, duties, power or responsibility to sb with less authority than you （将工作、职责、权力或责 任）交给，移交（下属或下层）：More powers are gradually being devolved to the regions. 正 逐步向地方下放更多的权力。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep devote devote /dɪˈvəʊt; AmE dɪˈvoʊt/ de vote sth to sb/sth； devote sth to doing sth to give an amount of time, energy or attention to sb/sth 把（时间、精力或注意 力）投入，用于：He devoted his life to the struggle for justice. 他毕生致力于挣取公平正 义。◊ She gave up work to devote more time to her children. 她辞去工作，以便有更多时间和孩 子们相处。◊ The museum is hosting an exhib- ition. devoted to her work. 博物馆正在举办她的 个人作品展。◊ Several courses are devoted to improving customer care. 有几门课程是关于提 高客户服务水平的。 [OBJ] time. attention, energy, life, chapter ♦ v + n/pron + prep devote yourself to sb/sth devote yourself to doing sth to spend a large part of your time, energy and attention on a particular activity, especially sth good 投身 于；致力于；专心于：After her marriage, she couldn't devote herself totally to her music. 她 婚后无法全身心投入音乐事业。◊ They had devoted themselves entirely to building up their business. 当时他们一心一意想把自己的企业做大 做强。 ♦ v + pron 十 prep dial dial /ˈdaɪəl/ （-ll-, AmE -l-） dial in； dial 'into sth （also .dial up sth） （computing） to make a connection between one computer and another using a telephone line 拨号上网：I dial in from my PC at home to get the files I need, 我用家里的个人电脑拨号联 网，以获取所需的档案。◊ Every time I try to dial into the Internet I can't get a connection. 我 每次想拨号上网都连接不上。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep dial sth 'in to push buttons to use a telephone or put information into a computer 按（电话号码）；（敲计算机键盘以）录入（信 息）: I dialled in the number and waited for someone to answer. 我拨了号码，然后等人来接 电话。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv dial out to make a call to sb outside the building you are in 往外拨电话；打出电话：You can't dial out from that phone — it's for intern- al calls only. 那部电话不能打外线——只能打 内线。 ♦ v + adv dial up sb/sth 1 （AmE） to call sb/sth on the telephone 给…打电话：Would you dial up the doctor's office for me? 请帮我给诊所打个电话 好吗？ SYN call sb/sth up; call sb/sth （AmE） 2 -> DIAL INTO STH: Customers can dial up the central computer from home and access the database. 客户可以从家里拨号和中央计算机联 网进入数据库。 NOTE When the object of dial up is a noun, it comes after up, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between dial and up * dial up 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 up 之后；但如果 更代词，应置于 dial 和 up 之间：Sit down and dial them up. 坐下给他们打电话吧。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ► dial-up adj [only before noun] using a telephone line to connect your computer to the Internet 拨号上网的 dictate dictate /dɪkˈteɪt; AmE ˈdɪkteɪt/ dictate to sb to give orders to sb, especially in a rude or aggressive way 向...发号施令；任 意支使：You can't dictate to people how they should live. 你不能对别人的生活方式指手画脚。 ◊ I'm not going to be dictated to by my little brother! 我不会听凭我弟弟摆布！ ♦ v + prep diddle diddle/ ˈdɪdl/ diddle around (AmE, informal) to spend your time doing things that are not important 虚度光阴；无所事事；混日子：Stop diddling around and do some work! 别晃悠了，干点正 事吧！ SYN fiddle about/around mess around ♦ v + adv die die /daɪ/ (dies, dying, died, died) die a'way 1 (of a sound 声音) to become so faint or weak that you can no longer hear it 减弱；消失：The sound of the car engine died away. 汽车发动机的声音逐渐消失了。 ◊ Her laughter died away when she saw how angry he was. 她看见他那样生气，就止住了笑。SYN fade away 2 (also .die 'out) (of rain, wind or a storm 雨、风或风暴) to gradually become weaker and stop 逐渐减弱；渐渐平息：The rain will largely die away overnight. 雨过一夜差不 多就会停了。3 (of a feeling or an emotion 感 觉或情绪)to gradually become weaker and disappear 逐渐平静：渐渐消失：The excitement over their affair soon died away. 对他们的风流 韵事的兴奋劲儿很快过去了。SYN fade away -> note at PETER OUT ♦ v + adv dieback (also .die 'down) if a plant dies back, its leaves die, although the roots are still alive 枝叶枯萎 (根部仍存活)：The leaves die back in winter. 叶子到冬天就枯萎了。 ♦ v + adv diedown 1 (of a sound or flames 声音或火 焰) to gradually become less loud or strong 逐 渐变弱；慢慢变小；渐渐消失：He waited for the applause to die down 他等着掌声平息下来。◊ The fire had died down by the morning. 到早 晨.火就慢慢熄灭了。 -> note at GO OUT 2 (of wind, rain or a storm 风、雨或风暴) to gradually become less strong or violent 逐渐 变弱；慢慢变小；渐渐消失：As it got dark, the wind died down. 天黑了，风力逐渐减弱了。 SYN subside 3 if sth such as excitement or confusion dies down, it gradually becomes less ( 兴奋、混乱等 ) 逐渐变弱，渐渐平静： When all the fuss had died down, he just quietly went back home. 一切喧闹平息之后，他悄悄回 了家。SYN subside 4 -> DIE BACK ♦ v + adv be dying for sth (informal) (only used in the progressive tenses 仅用于进行时) if sb is dying for sth, they want it very much 渴望； 极想；对…想得要命：I'm dying for a glass of water. 我很想喝杯水。 SYN be gagging for sth （BrE, slang） NOTE You can also use be dying to do sth 也 可用 be dying to do sth: I'm dying to know what happened. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 die down die down ♦ ebb away ♦ lessen ♦ wane These verbs can all be used when the level or strength of sth goes down gradually or quickly. 这些动词都表示逐渐或快速降低、变弱、减轻。 See also dwindle away, peter out. die down (especially of noise, bad weather or fire) to become gradually less loud or strong (尤指噪声、恶劣天气或火势) 逐渐变轻，渐 渐减弱，慢慢变小：When the applause had died down, she began her speech. 掌声平息下 来后，她开始演讲。 ◊ As the flames died down, he felt cold air on his face. 随着火焰减 弱，他感到脸上寒气阵阵。 ebb away (formal) (especially of feelings) to become gradually weaker or less (尤指感 觉) 逐渐变弱，渐渐减轻: As night fell our enthusiasm began to ebb away. 夜幕降临，我 们的热情开始逐渐消散。 NOTE Ebb can be used on its own: The pain was ebbing. 疼痛渐 渐减轻了。 lessen to become smaller, weaker or less important 变小；减弱；衰落：The dominance of Oxford and Cambridge had begun to lessen. 牛津和剑桥的优势已开始缩小了。 ► lessening n: There has been a lessening of tension in the region. 该地区的紧张局势有所缓和。 wane (used especially in newspapers) to become gradually weaker or less important (尤用于 报章) 减弱，衰落：Her enthusiasm for the whole idea was waning rapidly. 她对整个想法 很快就不热心了。 ◊ Their popularity waned during that period. 在那一时期，他们的名气 下降了。 ► wane n: Her popularity is on the wane. 她的声望日益跌落。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ support/enthusiasm/confidence wanes/ebbs (away) ■ anger/fear ebbs (away) ■ the storm/wind/rain dies down ■ to wane/die down quickly ■ to wane/die down/lessen/ebb (away) gradually die off if a group of people or animals die off, they die one by one over a short period of time until there are none left 相继死去；先后 死去：The survivors are dying off daily. 幸存者 正在一天天地相继去世。 ♦ v + adv die out 1 if a family, race, type of animal, etc. dies out, there are no longer any members left alive （家族、种族、物种等）逐 渐消亡，死光，灭绝：There are several theories about why dinosaurs died out so suddenly. 关于 恐龙为何突然灭绝，有几种说法。 ◊ Many plants and animals are in danger of dying out. 很多动 植物濒于灭绝。 SYN become extinct 2 （of a custom, tradition or skill 风俗、传统或技能）to no longer be used or practised 失传：Many May Day ceremonies have virtually died out now. 五 朔节的很多仪式如今几乎已经失传了。 3 -> DIE AWAY 2: The outbreaks of rain will die out later in the day. 骤雨今天晚些时候将会逐渐停息。 ♦ v + adv dig dig /dɪɡ/ （digging, dug, dug /dʌɡ/） dig in; .dig 'into sth 1 （informal） to begin to eat 开始吃；开吃：Dig in while it's hot! 趁热 吃吧！ ◊ As soon as the food arrived he dug in hungrily. 食物一端来，他便狼吞虎咽地吃起来。 ◊ They dug into the pizza hungrily. 他们风卷残 云般吃起比萨饼。SYN tuck in, etc. （especially BrE） NOTE Dig in is used especially to tell sb to start eating. * dig in 尤用于请别人开始吃。 2 （AmE, informal） to begin to do sth in a way that shows that you are determined to con- tinue or finish it, even if it is difficult 开始认真 对待；大干起来：He looked at the stack of work and dug in straight away. 他看了看堆积如山的 工作，便立即埋头干了起来。◊ She dug into the reports and finished them before the meeting. 她 全力以赴开始读报告，在开会前读完了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep dig in; dig yourself in to make a safe place for yourself in the ground and prepare for the enemy to attack 掘壕固守；挖掩体隐蔽： The troops dug in and organized their defences. 部队挖掘掩体并组织防守。◊ The marines were dug in on the front line. 海军陆战队士兵在 前线挖战壕隐蔽起来。 ◊ （figurative） Hospital workers dug in, prepared for a long battle over pay increases. 医院职工坚持立场，准备就加薪 问题展开长期斗争。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv dig sth in; ,dig sth into sth 1 to push sth into sth 把...插入；把...戳进：The bird dug its claws in and held onto its prey. 鸟用爪子刺 入猎物，牢牢抓住不放。◊ She dug her nails into my arm. 她的指甲掐进我胳膊的肉里。 2 to mix a substance into soil by digging （翻土 以把…）渗进，混入（土壤）：I've dug the fertilizer into the soil. 我把肥料翻埋到土壤里面 去了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv • v + adv + n • v + n/pron + prep IDM dig your heels/'toes in to refuse to do sth or to change your ideas or plans 拒绝做某事； 拒不让步；固执己见：He dug his heels in and insisted she went with him. 他毫不让步，坚持 要她跟他走。 dig into sth to examine sth carefully to find out information 细查；探究：It isn't a good idea to dig too deep into his past. 对他的过去探究过 多不是个好主意。 ♦ v + prep IDM dig （deep） into your 'pocket（s）, savings, etc. to spend some of the money you have or have been saving 掏腰包；动用存款；破费：I‘ll have to dig into my savings to buy a new car. 我 买新车将不得不动用存款。 dig sb/sth out dig sb/sth out of sth to get sb/sth out of a place by digging the ground around them/it （从…中）挖掘出：It took them three hours to dig him out of the rubble. 他们花了三个小时才从瓦砾中把他挖出 来。 ◊ The car was buried in snow and had to be dug out. 汽车被雪埋住了，只好挖出来。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ► dugout n 1 a rough shelter made by digging a hole in the ground and covering it, used by soldiers 地下掩体 2 a shelter by the side of a sports field where a team's manager, etc. can sit and watch the game （赛场边的） 球员席，选手休息处 3 a light narrow boat made by cutting out the inside of a tree （挖 空树干作船体的） 独木舟 dig sth out 1 （informal) to find sth that has been hidden or not used for a long time 找 出，发现（被掩藏或长期不用的东西）：He dug out the shoes herd bought 20 years before. 他找 出了 20 年前买的鞋。SYN unearth sth （more formal!） 2 （informal） to find out facts or information by searching or asking questions 查找到；探询到：I took the opportunity to dig out some interesting facts and figures about the island. 我利用这个机会查到了关于该岛的一些有 趣的精确资料。 SYN hunt sth down/out; root sb/sth out ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv dig sth 'over to prepare the ground thoroughly for plants by digging the soil 翻挖 （土壤）；翻（般）；刨（地）: The flower beds should be dug over in the spring. 春季应该给花 床松一松土。 [OBJ] ground, garden ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dig sth up 1 to break the ground into small pieces, especially before building sth, taking sth from underneath it, etc.（尤指在建筑物等 前）开掘，平整（土地）：Some Roman remains were found under a car park which was being dug up. 一处正在开挖的停车场下面发现了一些 古罗马遗迹。[OBJ] road, garden 2 to remove sth from the ground by digging 发掘起；挖掘 出：Archaeologists have dug up some human remains. 考古工作者挖出一些人类遗骸。[OBJ] weeds, roots SYN unearth sth （more formal） 3 （informal） to discover information about sb/sth by searching or asking questions （经 调查研究）发现，查明: See what you can dig up on this man's past. 看看从这个人的过去你能挖 掘出些什么来。 SYN unearth sth （more formal） ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dine dine/daɪn/ dine on sth to eat a particular type of food 吃（某种食物）：We dined on freshly caught fish in a floating restaurant. 我们在一家水上饭 店品尝了刚捕到的鱼。 ◊ They dined on a bland diet of soup and bread. 他们饮食清淡，只吃汤 和面包 ♦ v + prep dine out （formal) to have dinner away from your home, for example at a restaurant or in sb else's home 外出（在餐馆、别人家里等） 用餐；下馆子：We dined out every night when we stayed in Paris. 在巴黎时，我们每晚都外出 吃饭。 SYN eat out （less formal） ♦ v + adv dine out on sth （BrE, humorous） to tell people of sth that has happened to you in order to impress them （为了炫耀）讲述（亲 身经历）: She only actually said one sentence to Brad Pitt but she dined out on it for years. 实际 上她和布拉德•皮特只说过一句话，但是多 年来她一直把这事儿挂在嘴上。 ♦ v + adv + prep ding ding/dɪŋ/ ding 'down （ScotE） to snow or rain heavily 下大雪；下暴雨：It was dinging down. 正在下天 雪。 ◊ The snow was dinging down. 雪下得很 大。 the snow, the rain, it ♦ v + adv ding 'into sb/sth （Scot日 to hit sb/sth by accident 撞上；碰到：In the dark I dinged into a chair. 在黑暗中，我撞到了椅子上。 ♦ v + prep dink dink/dɪŋk/ dink a'round （AmE, informal） to waste time doing unimportant things and not get very much done 混日子；无所事事；游手好闲：They came home from war to find all their friends dinking around and going nowhere. 他们从战 场归来，发现所有朋友都在混日子，不思进取。 ♦ v + adv dip dip/dɪp/ （-pp-） dip sth in/into sth; ,dip sth in to put sth very quickly into a liquid and take it out again （飞快地）把…放入（液体）又取出； 用…浸一浸：She dipped her toes cautiously into the sea. 她小心翼翼地用脚趾试了试海水。◊ She took off her shoes and cautiously dipped a toe in. 她脱下鞋，小心翼翼地用一个脚趾探了探。 ◊ The fruit had been dipped in chocolate. 水果蘸 了巧克力。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dip 'into sth 1 to read or watch only small parts of a book, magazine, programme, etc. 草 草翻阅；稍加浏览：I've only had time to dip into the report. 这份报告我无暇细看，只草草浏览 了一下。 ◊ The continuous news services are intended for people to dip into. 不间断的新闻报 道是为了便于人们随时瞅上几眼。[OBJ] book, report -> note at LOOK THROUGH STH 2 to put your hand into a container to take sth out of it 把手伸进...中（取东西）：She dipped into her purse and took out a coin. 她从钱包里掏出一枚 硬币。 ♦ v + prep IDM dip into your 'pocket, 'savings, etc. to take an amount from money that you have been keeping or saving 掏腰包；用积蓄：They have dipped into their savings to pay for the shares. 他们是动用积蓄买的股票。 disagree disagree /dɪsəˈɡri：/ disagree with sb （not used in the progres- sive tenses 不用于进行时）1 （about/on/over sth） to have a different opinion from sb 持不同观 点；有意见分歧：He disagreed with his parents on most things. 在大多数事情上，他与父母意见 不合。 2 if sth such as food or the weather disagrees with you, it has a bad effect on you or makes you feel ill/sick （食物、天气等） 对...不适宜，使不适，对…有害: I feel terrible— something I ate must have disagreed with me. 我感觉很难受——肯定是吃的东西不合适。 SYN upset sb NOTE Not agree with sb is used more often * not agree with sb 更常用： Mushrooms really don't agree with me. 我吃了 蘑菇会不舒服。-> see also AGREE WITH SB ♦ v + prep disagree with sth; disagree with doing sth to disapprove of sth and think it is bad or wrong 木赞成；反对：We totally disagree with the ban on fox hunting. 我们完全 不赞同猎狐禁令。◊ She disagrees with keeping animals locked up in cages, 她反对把动物锁在 笼子里。 [OBJ] decision, statement, principle rim agree with sth, agree with doing sth ♦ v + prep disassociate /dɪsəˈsəʊsieɪt, -'səʊs-; AmE -'soʊs-/ disassociate yourself from sb/sth （formal） -> DISSOCIATE YOURSELF FROM SB/STH disbelieve disbelieve / disbritv/ disbe lieve in sb/sth to not believe that sb/sth exists 不信；怀疑：to disbelieve in God/ devils 不信有上帝/魔鬼 NOTE Not believe in sb/sth is used more frequently. * not believe in sb / sth 更常见。 -> see also BELIEVE IN SB/STH ♦ v + prep discourse discourse /ˈdɪskɔːs; AmE-'kɔːrs/ dis course (with sb) on sth (formal) to talk for a long time on a subject; to make a long speech about sth (同某人) 对...娓娓道 来，就…做长篇大论，滔滔不绝地讲述：He was able to discourse at: great length on the problems of education. 他能够滔滔不绝地谈论 教育存在的问题。 ♦ v + prep dish dish /dɪʃ/ dish sth 'out (to sb) 1 (informal) to give sth out to large numbers of people or in large amounts 广泛发出；大量发出：He's always dishing out advice to people. 他总是好为人师。 SYN hand sth out (to sb) （more formal) NOTE In informal spoken language, dish sb out sth is also used 非正式口语也说 dish sb out sth: He dished me out a few vitamin pills. 他给了我几 片维生素。2 to serve food to sb by putting it on plates 把 (食物) 分到盘里：He's busy dish- ing out the dinner. 他忙着给大家分晚饭。 SYN serve sth (to sb) (more formal) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) IDM dish it out (disapproving) to criticize sb or attack them 批评；攻击：He was good at dishing it out. It was time he learned what it felt like. 他就知道指责别人。这下该轮到他来尝 尝这个滋味了。 dish up, dish sth up (BrE, informal) to serve food by putting it on plates 上菜；把 (食物) 装盘：You pour the wine while I dish up. 你来倒葡萄酒，我来盛菜。 ◊ Come and wash your hands—I'm just going to dish up the dinner. 来洗洗手 —— 我这就把晚饭端上。 SYN serve sth out; serve, serve sth (more formal) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) dish up sth (informal) to present or offer sth to sb, usually sth not very good 提供， 供给 (通常指不太好的东西)：She keeps on dishing up the same old jokes in her shows. 她 在节目里尽讲一些老掉牙的笑话。 SYN serve sth up NOTE When the object of dish up is a noun, it comes after up, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between dish and up * dish up 两宾语如果是名词，应置于 up 之后； 但如果是代词，应置于 dish 和 up 之间：He keeps dishing them up. 他老是说道这些事。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv dispense dispense /dɪˈspens/ dispense with sb/sth (formal) to get rid of sth; to stop using sb/sth because they are/it is no longer necessary 摒弃；省却：The programme dispensed with its most popular presenter. 这个节目最受欢迎的主持入被撤掉 了。 ◊ The spread of PCs has dispensed with the need for typists. 个人电脑普及后已不需要打字 员了。 ◊ His services can now be dispensed with. 现在可以不用他帮忙了。 [OBJ] servicesT need, requirement ♦ v + prep dispose dispose /dɪˈspəʊz; AmE dɪˈspoʊz/ dispose of sb to defeat or kill sb 击败；杀死： The league champions quickly disposed of the opposition. 联赛冠军很快打败了对手。 ♦ v + prep dispose of sb/sth (formal) to get rid of sb/sth that you do not want 打发走某人；处理 掉某物：She tried to dispose of the evidence. 她 试图销毁证据。◊ They decided to dispose of much of their property. 他们决定卖掉大部分财 产。 ◊ Ensure that all the waste is properly and safely disposed of. 一定要确保所有废料得到安全 妥善的处理。 [OBJ]waste. property, assets ♦ v + prep dispose of sth (formal) to successfully deal with or finish with a problem, etc, 处理，办妥 (问题等)：There just remains the matter of funding to dispose of. 仅余资金问题尚待解决。 [OBJ] problem, matter, argument SYN deal with sth (less formal) ♦ v + prep dissociate dissociate /dɪˈsəʊʃieɪt, -'səʊs-; AmE -'soʊ-/ (also disassociate /.dɪsəˈʊʃieɪt, -'səʊs-; AmE -'soʊ-/) dissociate yourself from sb/sth(formal) to say or do sth to show that you have no connection with sb/sth and do not support or agree with them/it 表示自己与...无关；表示 不支持 (或不同意)：The President dissociated himself from the report. 总统否认与那则报道有 牵连。 OPP associate yourself with sb/sth ♦ v + pron + prep dissolve dissolve /dɪˈzɒlv; AmE-'zɒ:lv/ dis solve into sth 1 to suddenly start to laugh or cry (突然) 大笑起来，大哭起来： They dissolved into fits of laughter. 他们不禁哄 笑起来。 ◊ I dissolved into giggles. 我情不自禁 地咯咯笑了。 ◊ When I mentioned his name, she dissolved into tears. 我提起他的名字，她不禁潸 然泪下。 [OBJ] laughter, giggles, tears 2 to change gradually into a very bad state 逐渐恶 化：His surprise slowly dissolved into fury. 他先 是惊讶，然后慢慢变成震怒。 ♦ v + prep dive dive /daɪv/ (dived, dived, AmE also dove/doʊv; AmE doʊv/, dived) dive in .dive into sth 1 (informal) to start doing sth with enthusiasm and without stopping to think （不假思索地）全情投入，全 力以赴：She dived in with a question before I had finished speaking. 我话还没讲完，她便迫不 及待地提了个问题。 ◊ They had dived into the new business without thinking it through. 未经慎重考虑，他们就投身办起了新企业。 2 （informal） to start eating with enthusiasm 大 吃起来：As soon as the food was served, she dived in. 食物一端上来，她就大口大口地吃了起 来。[OBJ] food, dinner SYN dig in; dig into sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep dive into sth to move your hand quickly into sth such as a pocket or bag to try to find sth 迅速将手伸入（口袋或包里）找东西：She dived, into her handbag for the keys. 她立即把 手伸进手提包里找钥匙。 [OBJ] bag, pocket ♦ v + prep divest divest /daɪˈvest/ divest sb/yourself of sth (formal） to take clothes off sb/yourself 脱去...的衣服：He swiftly divested himself of his clothes. 他迅速脱掉了 衣服。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep divest sb/sth of sth （formal)to take sth away from sb/sth 剥夺：The court order divests the company of all its assets. 法院指令剥夺了这 家公司的所有资产。 SYN strip sb/sth of sth （less formal） ♦ v + n/pron + prep divest yourself of sth （formal） to get rid of sth you no longer want or that is no longer useful 抛弃，处置（不要或无用的东西）：She managed to divest herself of the unwanted property. 她设法处理掉了那件不需要的东西。 -> see also DIVEST SB/YOURSELF OF STH ♦ v + pron + prep divide divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ divide by sth if a number divides by another number, the second number is contained in the first an exact number of tunes 能被（某数）整除：Does 612 divide by 13? * 612 能被 13 整除吗? ◊ 148 doesn't divide by 12. * 148不能被12整除。 ♦ v+ prep divide sth by sth if you divide a number by another number, you find out how many times the second number is contained in the first （一数）除以（另一数）：WhaVs 48 divided by 3? ★ 48 除以 3 得几？ ◊ 48 ÷ 3 = 16 （read: forty-eight divided by three equals sixteen） * 48 除以 3 等于 16。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep divide into sth if a number divides into another number, it is contained in the second number a particular number of times 能整除 （某数）：Does 300 divide into 1270? * 300 能 整除 1270 吗？ ♦v + prep divide sth into sth if you divide a number into another number, you find out how many times the first number is contained in the second 用（一数）除（另一数）：Can you divide 300 into 1270? 用 300 除 1270、你知道 得几吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + prep divide sth/sb 'off （from sth/sb） to separate two things or two people with a barrier such as a wall or fence; to form a barrier between two things or people 用（屏障等）隔开；把… （与…）隔开：A fence divided off one side of the garden. 一道篱笆把园子的一边隔离出来。 ◊ They put up a barrier to divide the women's section off from the men's. 他们用挡板把女宾部 和男宾部分开。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv divide up； divide sb/sth up （into sth） to separate, or to make sb/sth separate, into groups or parts （把…）分成部分，分组；把… 分开（成为…）：Divide up into two teams. 分成 两队。◊ They divided the children up into groups. 他们把孩子分成几个小组。 ◊ Divide up your time so that you don't spend too long on. any of the questions. 分配一下时间，这样就不 会在某个题目上花太多时间。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv divide sth 'up （among/between sb） to separate sth into parts and give one part to each of a number of people （由…）分摊，分 享；把…分派（给…）；摊派：We divided the work up between us. 我们分担了这项工作。 ◊ The money was divided up among all three winners. 这笔钱分给了所有三名获胜者。 [OBJ] work, money, land ♦ v+ n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n divorce divorce /dɪˈvɔːs; AmE dɪˈvɔːrs/ divorce sb/sth from sth to separate a person, an idea, a subject, etc. from sth; to keep two things separate 使（人、思想、主题 等）与…分离；保持…与…分开：They believed that art should be divorced from politics. 他们认为艺术应该脱离政治。◊ When he was depressed, he felt utterly divorced from reality. 心情沮丧时，他感到完全脱离了现实。 SYN separate sb/sth （from/and sth） ♦ v + n/pron + prep divvy divvy /ˈdɪvi/ （divvies, divvying, divvied） divvy sth up (informal, especially AmE） to divide or share sth, especially money, between a number of people 分担, 分享（尤指金钱）： They divvied up the bill. 他们分摊了账单费用。 [OBJ] money SYN share sth out （among/ between sb） （more formal） ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （rare） do /du; strong form du:/does/dʌz/, did /did/, done /dAn/） do away with sb/yourself （informal） to kill sb/yourself 杀死，除掉（某人）；自杀：She tried to do away with herself. 她企图自杀。 ♦ v + adv + prep do away with sth informal) 1 to get rid of sth; to stop doing or having sth 废除；除去； 结束：They've done away with the uniform at our school. 我们学校取消了校服。◊ A lot of the paperwork could easily be done away with. 许 多文案工作不难削减。SYN abolish sth (more formal) 2 to make sth no longer necessary 使 变得不必要：Computers have done away with a lot of the repetitive work. 计算机让人们省去了 大量重复性劳动。SYN eliminate sth; end sth (more formal) ♦ v + adv + prep do sb down; do yourself down (BrE, informal) to criticize sb or yourself in a way that makes them/you appear more stupid or less able than they/you really are 贬低某人； 贬低自己：Don't do him down, he's a good worker. 别贬损他，他干活挺好。 ◊ Shefs always doing herself down. 她总是自我贬低。 SYN put sb down, etc. (more formaf) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) do for sb/sth (BrE, informal) to damage or destroy sth; to injure or kill sb; to put sb/sth in a situation so bad that they/it have no chance of returning to normal 毁掉，破坏 (某 物)；伤害，杀死 (某人)：The last bout of pneumonia nearly did for her. 上次肺炎发作差 点要了她的命。 ♦ v + prep ► done for adj (informal) in serious trouble or danger; having no chance of succeeding at sth 麻烦很大；十分危险；彻底完蛋：If anyone recognizes us, we're done for! 要是有人认出我 们，我们就完了 ！ ◊ After three days trapped in the cave they thought they were done for (= they thought they would die). 在洞里困了 三天后，他们觉得求生无望了。 do sb 'in (informal) 1 if sth does you in, it makes you feel extremely tired 使易疲力尽； 使极度疲乏: That's done me in, lifting all those boxes. 搬完那些箱子后，我都累垮了。 2 (also do yourself 'in) (informal, especially BrE) to kill sb/yourself 杀死，除掉 (某人); 自杀: When we split up, I felt like doing myself in. 我 们分手时，我想自杀。◊ Does he get done in at the end of the film? 影片结尾时他被杀死了吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) 2 also v + pron + adv ► done in adj (informal) very tired 筋疲力尽 的；疲惫不堪的：I felt absolutely done in by the end of the day! 一天下来我觉得累极了！ ◊ Come and sit down— you look done in. 过来坐坐吧 ——看样子你累坏了。 do sth in (BrE, informal) to injure a part of your body! (身体某部位) 受伤：He did his back in playing tennis. 他打网球伤了腰。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) IDM do sb's 'head in (BrE, informal) to make sb feel confused, upset and/or annoyed 使糊 涂；使心烦；使生气：Shut up! You're doing my head in. 闭嘴！你烦死我了。 do yourself in -> DO SB IN 2 do sth out (BrE, informal) to clean or paint and decorate a room, a house, etc. 打扫，油 漆，装饰 (房屋等)：He's done the whole house out in yellows and greens. 他把房子全刷成了黄 色和绿色。 ◊ They had the hall done out in striped wallpaper. 他们在大厅贴了条纹墙纸。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n do sb out of sth (informal) to prevent sb from getting or keeping sth they ought to have, in an unfair or dishonest way (用不正 当手段) 阻止某人获得，剥夺：She tried to do me out of my inheritance. 她企图阻止我继承遗 产。◊ The residents of the home have been done out of a lot of money. 居住在这里的人被卷走了 很多钱。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep do sb over (BrE, informal) to attack sb and beat them severely 暴打；毒打；狠揍：They threatened to do her over if she didn't pay. 他们 威胁说，如果她不交钱就揍她。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n do sth over 1 (BrE, informal) to enter a house, flat/apartment, etc. by force and steal things from it 入室盗窃：I got back to find the house had been done over. 我回来时发现屋里失 窃了。NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于 被动语态。2 (AmE) to do sth again 重做； 再做一次：Your handwriting is too messy— you'd better do it over (= write it out again). 你的字迹乱七八糟、最好重写。◊ I'm glad the campaign was successful, but I wouldn't want to do it over. 活动成功了，我很高兴，但是我不想 再搞一次。SYN do sth again; redo sth (more formal) 3 (AmE) to dean or paint and decorate a room, house, etc. 打扫，油漆，装 饰 (房屋等)：They've done over the whole store. 他们对商店进行了全面装修。 ♦ 1,3 v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ 2 v + n/pron + adv do up; do sth 'up (especially BrE) to be fastened with buttons, etc.; to fasten or close sth in this way (把…) 扣上，系牢，绑紧: This skirt does up at the back. 这条裙子在后面系扣。 ◊ Could you do up my dress? 请帮我扣上连衣裙 好吗？ ◊ I can't do the zip up. 我拉不上拉链。 [OBJ] jacket, buttons, zip SYN fasten up, fasten sth up (BrE), fasten, fasten sth OPP undo, undo sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv do sth up 1 (in sth) to make sth into a package 包起来；捆起来；包裹 (在...里面)： She was carrying some books done up in brown paper. 她拿着用牛皮纸包着的几本书。 SYN wrap sth up (in sth) 2 (especially BrE) to repair or decorate a room, a house, etc. to make it look better and more modem 修缮, 装饰 (房 屋等)：They're looking for an old house so that they can do it up. 他们在寻找一处旧房，这样可 以进行整修翻新。 ◊ We're having the kitchen done up. 我们在整修厨房。[OBJ] house SYN fix sth up (especially AmE), decorate sth; renovate sth ♦ v + n/pron 十 adv ♦ v + adv + n do yourself up (informal) to make yourself more attractive by putting on make-up, attractive clothes, et. 梳妆；打扮：She spent hours doing herself up for their first date. 为了 他们的第一次约会，她花了好几个小时梳妆 打扮。 SYN doll yourself up ♦ v + pron + adv do with sb/sth ♦ v + prep IDM be/have done with it to finish dealing with sth unpleasant, especially as quickly as possible (尤指尽快) 了结，了断： Just tear up the contract and. be done with it. 干脆把合同撕 掉了事。 I, you, etc. can't/couldn't be doing with sb/sth (BrE, informal) used to say that you do not like sb/sth and find them/it very annoying 我 (或你等) 无法忍受…：I can't be doing with people like that. 我和那种人难以相 处。 ◊ He couldn't be doing with her untidiness. 他看不惯她那么邋里邋遢的。I, you, etc. could do with sth/sb used to say that you need or would like sth/sb 我 (或你等) 需要…，想要…： I could do with a drink! 我真想喝一杯！ do sth with sth used with negatives and in questions to talk about where sb has put sth (与否定词连用，或用于疑问句) 把…放在： What have you done with my shoes? 你把我的 鞋搁哪儿了？ ◊ I haven't done anything with your keys (= I haven't moved them). 我根本没 动过你的钥匙。 ♦ v + pron + prep do sth with yourself used in questions to talk about how sb spends their time (用于疑 问句) 消磨时间：She doesn't know what to do with herself while they're at school. 他们上学去 了后，她不知道怎样打发时间。 ♦ v + pron + prep + pron do without; .do without sb/sth to manage without sb/sth 没有...也行；没有...而 设法对付：If you can't afford a car, you'll just have to do without. 如果买不起车，你就只好将 就一下了。 ◊ I could do without (= I wish I didn't have) all this hassle. 我真希望没发生这 些纷争。 SYN go without, go without sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep dob dob /dɒb; AmE dɑːb/ (-bb-) dob sb in (to sb) (BrE, AustralE, informal） to tell sb about sth bad that another person has done (向…) 揭发，检举：Kay wasn't sure who had dobbed her in to the teachers. 凯拿不准是 谁向老师告了她一状。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv dole dole /dəʊl; AmE doʊl/ dole sth out (to sb) （informal) to give money, food, etc. to a group of people (给…) 分发，发放 (钱款、食物等)： She quickly doled out the food. 她很快把食物发完 了。 ◊ The money was doled out to them on a weekly basis. 每周给他们发一次钱。 [OBJ] money, bread, etc. ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) doll doll /dɒl; AmE dɑːl/ doll yourself 'up (in sth) (informal) to make yourself look attractive by putting on fashionable clothes, doing your hair, etc. (用…) 装扮自己，梳妆打扮： Every Friday she dolls herself up and goes out to a nightclub. 每 到星期五，她就打扮得花枝招展地去夜总会。 SYN do yourself up ♦ v + pron + adv be/get .dolled up (in sth) （informal) to be/get ready for a special occasion by putting on fashionable clothes, doing your hair, etc. (尤指为出席特殊场合) (用…) 装扮自己，梳 妆打扮: She was all dolled up in a black dress and pearls. 她着实打扮了一番，穿了一件黑色连 衣裙，还佩戴着珍珠饰品。 ◊ I got dolled up for the party. 我打扮好了要去参加聚会。 ♦ be/get + v + adv dope dope /dəʊp; AmE doʊp/ be/get .doped up (informal, especially AmE) to be in a state where you cannot think clearly or act normally because you are under the influence of drugs (因药物作用) 神志不清， 行为迟钝：Some of the patients were kept doped up most of the time. 有些病人大部分时间都用药 物维持，迷迷糊糊。 ♦ be/get + v + adv dose dose /dəʊs; AmE doʊs/ dose sb/yourself up (with sth) to give sb/yourself a large amount of a medicine (届) 服用 (大量药物)：She dosed him up with aspirin and sent him to bed. 她给他服了大 剂量阿司匹林，然后让他上床入睡。 NOTE Dose sb/yourself is used more often with the same meaning. * dose sb / yourself 作此义 更常见。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv doss doss /dɒs; AmE dɑːs/ doss a bout/a round (BrE, informal) to spend your time doing nothing or very little 混日子；游手好闲；无所事事：Everyone dosses about in geography classes. 上地理课时大家 都不当回事儿。 ◊ He just dossed around for a year before he got a job. 他晃荡了一年才找了份 工作。 ♦ v + adv doss 'down (BrE, informal) to sleep on the floor or somewhere uncomfortable because you have nowhere else to sleep (在地板等 不舒适的地方) 将就着睡：We dossed down on Tony's floor after the party. 聚会后，我们凑合 着睡在托尼家的地板上。 SYN bed down (B「E, more formal) NOTE Doss is sometimes used on its own with the same meaning. * doss 有时单独使用也作 此义。 ♦ v + adv dot dot /dɒt; AmE dɒ:t/ (-tt-) be dotted a bout/a round; be dotted a bout/a'round sth (especially BrF) if things or people are dotted about/around, they are in several different places over an area 散落, 分布 (在…)：A few farms were dotted about in the valley. 峡谷中零星地散布着 几个农场。 ♦ be + v + adv ♦ be + v + prep dot A on/over B; dot B with A to spread very small amounts of sth in different places on a surface 把...撒在…上；在…上撒…: Dot the suncream on your face in tiny quantities and rub it in well. 在脸上搽少量防晒霜，然后 揉匀。 ◊ Dot the top of the cake with small sweets. 在蛋糕上面撒些糖粒。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep be dotted with sth if an area is dotted with things or people, they are spread around in several places 散布着；...星罗棋布：The hillside was dotted with houses. 山坡上到处是 住宅。 ♦ be + v + prep dote dote /daut; AmE dout/ dote on sb (also dote upon sb more formal) to feel or show very great love for sb and ignore their faults 溺爱；过分喜爱：They dote on their daughter. 他们对女儿宠爱有加。◊ He was doted on (by his sisters). 他受到 (姐妹们 的) 宠爱。 [OBJ] daughter, child, mother, etc. ♦ v + prep double double/dAbi/ double as sth; double up as sth to have a second function in addition to the main use 兼任；兼作：The garage doubles as his workshop. 车库同时又充作他的工作间。 ◊ The school secretary doubled up as the nurse. 学校 秘书兼任护士。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + adv + prep double back (on yourself, itself, etc.) to turn around and go back in the direction you have come from 折回；往回走：The road ahead was flooded so we had to double back to find another way around. 前面的路被水淹了，我们 只好原路返回，再找条路绕过去。 ◊ The line of trees doubles back on itself at a bend in the river. 那排树在河道拐弯处折了回来。 ♦ v + adv double over, etc. -> DOUBLE UP/OVER, ETC. double sth over to bend or fold sth in the middle 把…对折: Use an A4 sheet doubled over. 用一张对折的A4纸。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n double up 1 (with sb/on sth) to form pairs in order to share sth (与另一人) 合用，同享： We've only got one room left; you'll have to double up with Peter. 我们只剩下一个房间， 你只好与彼得合住了。◊ There were enough guitarists to double up on parts (= two played each part). 吉他手足够两人一组分别演奏乐曲 的不同声部。 2 (on sth) (rare) to do sth in addition to your main role 兼任；兼做：The band are looking for a singer who can double up on guitar (= who can also play the guitar). 乐队正在寻找能兼做吉他手的歌手。 ♦ v + adv double 'up as sth -> DOUBLE AS STH, ETC. double up/over (in/with sth), double sb 'up/'over (in/with sth) to bend your body suddenly or quickly because you are in pain, for example; to make sb bend their body in this way (因疼痛等) (使)弓背，弯腰：He doubled up in/with pain. 他痛得蜷起身子。 ◊ She doubled up with laughter. 她笑弯了腰。 ◊ The punch hit him in the stomach, doubling him over. 那-拳打中了他的肚子，使他直不 起腰， ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) doze doze /dəʊz; AmE doʊz/ doze 'off to go to sleep, especially during the day (尤指白天) 打瞌睡，打盹儿：He dozed during the film. 他看电影时打起盹儿来。 ◊ I must have dozed off for a few minutes. 我一定 是打了几分钟瞌睡。 SYN nod off (informal) ♦ v + adv draft (also draught especially BrE) /drɑːft; AmE dræft/ draft sb in; .draft sb into sth to choose people and send them somewhere for a special task 选派，调遣 (去某处执行特殊任 务)：Extra police are being drafted in to control the crowds. 当局正在额外抽调警察去控 制人群。 ◊ Williams was drafted into the team to play France. 威廉斯被征调入队，参加对法国 队的比赛。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) ♦ v + n/pron + prep drag drag/dræɡ/ (-gg-) drag sb/sth/yourself a way (from sb/sth) to make sb or yourself stop doing sth when they/you do not reaDy want to (使) 勉强离 开 (或停止…): She was enjoying herself at the party so much, I couldn't drag her away. 她在 聚会上玩得兴高采烈，我没法拉她走。◊ I find it difficult to drag myself away from my computer. 我觉得我无法让自己离开计算机。◊ He couldn't drag his eyes away from her face. 他无法把目 光从她脸上移开。 SYN tear sb/sth/yourself away (from sb/sth) ♦ v + n/pron 十 adv drag sb/sth down 1 (to sth) to bring sb down to a lower standard of behaviour, or a lower social or economic level 使降格；使 (品 德、地位等) 下降 (到…)：I'm worried the other children will be dragged down to his level (= because his behaviour is so bad). 我担 心其他孩子会跟他学坏。 2 to make sb feel depressed or weak 使沮丧；使无力：Her parents' constant criticism began to drag her down. 父母时常数落她，她开始灰心丧气。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) drag sb/sth in； drag sb/sth into sth 1 to make sb or sth become involved in a difficult or unpleasant situation when they do not want to be involved 把...牵扯在内；把… 卷进困境：把...拖下水；连累：When violence breaks out in the streets, innocent people are always dragged in, 街头暴力总会殃及无辜。◊ Don't drag me into your argument! 别把我卷入 你们的争论！ SYN involve sb (in sth) (more formal) 2 to start talking about a person or a subject that has nothing to do with what is being talked about 把 (毫不相干的人或事) 拉 扯进 (话题中)：Do you have to drag politics into every conversation? 每次交谈你都非得硬扯 到政治上去吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep drag sb 'off (to sth) to take sb somewhere by force 强行带走某人 (到…)：1 was dragged off to the head teacher's office. 我被拽到校长室。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv drag on (disapproving) to progress very slowly and take too long 进展缓慢；拖得过久： The day dragged on interminably. 白天漫长难 挨，似乎没个完。 ◊ Negotiations between the two sides dragged on through the summer. 双方 的谈判拖了一个夏天。 [SUBJ] months, time, meeting, negotiations ♦ v + adv drag sth out to make sth last longer than it should 不必要地拖延；使持续过久：She dragged the meeting out for as long as possible. 她尽可 能地把会议时间拉长。 SYN prolong sth (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n drag sth 'out of sb to make sb give you information they do not want to give you 强 迫...说出；套…的话：They eventually dragged a confession out of her. 他们终于逼迫他招了供。 [OBJ] confession, truth ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep drag up； .drag sb/yourself up （informal) to dress in clothes which are usually worn by the opposite sex, often to entertain people; to dress sb in this way (使) 穿异性服 装 (以博人一笑)：He did a karaoke number dragged up as Kylie Minogue. 他打扮成凯莉.米 洛的样子，唱了一首卡拉OK歌曲。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n drag sth 'up to mention in a conversation an unpleasant fact from the past that sb would prefer to forget 提起 (别入不愿回忆的事)：It all happened years ago. There's no point dragging it up now. 那都是些陈年旧事了。 现在不提也罢。 ◊ She's dragged up that story just to embarrass me. 她抖出那件事就是为了使 我难堪。 SYN bring sth up ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dragoon dragoon /drəˈɡuːn/ dra goon sb into sth； dragoon sb into doing sth (formal or humorous） to force sb to do sth that they do not want to do 强迫某人做某事：We were dragooned into the football team. 我们迫不得已参加了足球队。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep drain drain/dreɪn/ drain a way (of feelings or colours 感觉或色 彩) to disappear gradually 逐渐消失；渐渐褪去: As she lay in the warm bath all the tension drained away. 她躺在温水浴盆里，一切紧张情 绪都慢慢消散了。◊ The colour had drained away from her face. 她变得脸色煞白。[SUBJ] anger SYN fade ♦ v + adv drain away/'off； drain sth a'way/'off (from sth) if a liquid drains away/off, or sb drains it away/off, it flows away 流走； 使 (从…) 流走：The water drained away down the plughole. 水经出水孔排走了。 ◊ I drained the water away and hung up the blouse to dry. 我放掉水，把衬衫挂起来晾干。◊ (figurative) Paying for private education for the children was draining away their resources. 支付孩子上 私学的费用逐渐耗尽了他们的财力。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv draught draught /drccft; AmE draeft/ draught sb 'in, etc. (especially BrE) -> DRAFT SB IN, ETC. draw draw /drɔ:/ (drew /dru:/, drawn /drɔːn/) draw 'back 1 to move away from sb/sth, especially sb/sth that makes you feel frightened (尤指因害怕) 退缩，后退；畏避： She drew back from the window in case anyone saw her. 她从窗口缩回，免得被人看见。 2 (from sth/from doing sth) to decide not to do sth, because you are afraid of what might happen 缩手不干；畏缩；退却: The government has drawn back from making a commitment to reform the voting system. 对投票制度改革，政 府已决定不作承诺。 ♦ v + adv draw sth down (especially AmE) to reduce the amount of sth, especially money, by using it and spending it 减少，消耗 (无指钱款)： Higher production costs will draw down cash gains from rising farm prices. 生产成本上升会 减少农产品涨价带来的现金收益。 [OBJ] funds ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv draw sth down (from sth); draw down on sth (especially AmE, business) to take money from a fund that a bank, etc. has made available (从银行贷款等中) 提取，支取 （现金）: If you draw down income from your investment too quickly, it may not last long. 如 果从投资中过快地提取收益，就会难以持久。 [OBJ] income ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + prep draw down on sb （AmE, slang） to pull a gun out and point it at sb 拔枪对准：What do you think you're doing, drawing down on a cop? 你以为你在干什么啊，拿枪指着警察？ ♦ v + prep draw sth from sth to get sth from a particular source 从...中获得：Many artists and poets have drawn their inspiration from the landscape, 众多艺术家和诗人从自然风光中汲取 灵感。 ◊ At times of crisis, we drew strength from each other. 危难时刻我们彼此鼓劲。 [OBJ] inspiration, comfort, support ♦ v + n/pron + prep draw in （BrE） (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用子进行时） when evenings or nights are drawing in, it is gradually becoming darker earlier in the evening because winter is coming （天黑）渐早； （白 昼）渐短：The nights are drawing in fast now. 天黑得越来越早了。 ◊ Evening was already drawing in. 天黑得越来越早了。 ◊ It was the end of September and the days had begun to draw in. 当时是九月末，白天开始变短了。 SYN close in OPP draw out （BrE） ♦ v + adv draw in； draw into sth （especially BrE} if a train draws in, or draws into a station, it slowly enters a station and stops at the platform （列车）到站，进站停靠：The London train drew in late. 发自伦敦的列车到站时晚点 了。 ◊ I got to the platform just as the train was drawing into the station. 我赶到月台时，火车 正徐徐进站。 SYN pull in, pull into sth OPP draw out, draw out of sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep draw sb in； .draw sb into sth; .draw sb 'into doing sth to make sb become involved or take part in sth, although they do not want to 使牵涉进去；费卷入某事: I didn't like the book when I started it, but the strange story soon drew me in. 我开始读时并不喜欢这 本书，但是离奇的故事情节很快把我吸引住了。 ◊ I refuse to be drawn into this argument. 我拒 绝参与这场争论。 [OBJ] conversation, discussion, argument, situ- ation SYN involve sb （in sth） NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron 十 adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep draw sth in if you draw in a breath, you breathe deeply or quickly 深吸，迅速吸入 （一 口气）：She drew in a deep breath at the magic- al sight of the city below. 她俯视迷人的城市景 色, 不禁深深地吸了一口气。 ◊ He drew in his breath sharply. 他猛吸了一口气。 [OBJ]only a, your, etc. breath ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv draw sth off to remove some liquid from a larger amount 抽出，排掉（液体）：He drew off a glass of beer. 他倒了一杯啤酒。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n draw on （of a time or a season 时光或季节） to slowly pass 渐渐过去；荏苒：As night drew on, it became clear he wasn't coming. 夜渐深 了，显然他是不会来了。 ♦ v + adv draw on sth 1 （also draw upon sth more formal） to use sth that you have or that is available to help you do sth 凭借; 利用：The assignment asked us to draw on our experiences while we were in England. 这个任务要求我 们借鉴在英国时的经验。 ◊ I'll have to draw on my savings to pay for the car. 我得动用积蓄买 那辆车。◊ Sections of the book should be drawn on as required. 应按要求参考本书章节。 [OBJ] experience, work, resources, savings, tradition 2 if you draw on a cigarette or a pipe, etc., you breathe smoke into your mouth from it 吸，抽（烟等）：He drew on his cigar. 他吸了一口雪茄。[OBJ] cigar, cigarette, pipe ♦ v + prep draw 'out （BrE） (usually used in the pro- gressive tenses 通常用于进行时）when evenings or nights are drawing out, it is gradually becoming lighter for longer in the evening because spring is coming （天黑）渐晚；（白 昼）渐长：After March the evenings started drawing out. 三月过后，夜晚开始来得迟了。 OPP draw in （BrE） ♦ v + adv draw out; draw out of sth （especially BrE） if a train draws out or draws out of a station, it begins to move and slowly leaves the station （列车）离站，出站：I arrived in time to see the train drawing out. 我赶到时正好 看到火车徐徐离站。◊ The train drew slowly out of the station. 火车缓缓开出车站。 SYN pull out, pull out of sth OPP draw in, draw into sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep draw sb out to encourage sb who is shy to talk freely 鼓励（羞怯的人）畅谈；引…开口： I tried to draw him out on the subject of his life in Africa. 我设法让他好好谈谈他在非洲的生活。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv draw sth 'out to make sth such as a meeting or an event last longer than usual or longer than it should 拖延，拉长（会议、活动等）： They drew the interview out to over an hour. 他 们拖拖沓沓面试了一个多小时。 ◊ The process is likely to be drawn out over several months. 这 一过程有可能拖几个月。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► drawn-out （also long-drawn-out, long-drawn less frequent） adj lasting longer than you expect or too long 拖延的；拖沓的； 旷日持久的：The negotiations were difficult and drawn-out. 谈判很艰难，迟迟没有结果。 ◊ It was another long-drawn-out meeting. 这又是一 次冗长的会议。 draw sth out .draw sth out of sth to take money out of a bank account (从银行 账户) 取 (钱)，提 (款)：How much money did you draw out? 你取了多少钱？ ◊ Several thousand pounds had been drawn out of the account. 有几千英镑从这个账户提走了。 SYN take sth out, take sth out of sth; with- draw sth (from sth) (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep draw up； .draw sth/sb up to come to a stop; to make sth/sb/yourself stop (使) 停 下，停止：A taxi drew up outside. 出租车在外面 停了下来。◊ He drew the car up at the front door. 他把车停在前门。 ◊ He was walking towards the door when a loud knock drew him up sharply. 他朝门走去，响亮的敲门声令他猛 地收住脚步。 SYN pull up; pull sb up; pull yourself up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv draw sth up 1 to make or write sth that needs careful planning 拟就；草拟：My solicitor is drawing up the contract. 我的律师正 在起草合同。◊ clear guidelines need to be drawn up. 需要拟订明确的指导方针。◊ We've drawn up a plan of action. 我们制订了行动 计划。[OBJ] contract, agreement, plan SYN formulate sth (more formal) 2 to bring sth nearer to sb/sth 将…拉近; 使靠近：She drew up another chair and sat with them. 她拉过一 把椅子，和他们坐在一起。 ◊ He drew his knees up to his chest. 他把双膝抱在胸前。[OBJ] chair, knees SYN pull sth up ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv draw yourself up to stand up very straight so that you are as tall as possible 站得笔直； 挺直身体：She drew herself up to her full height and glared at me. 她昂首挺胸站看，对我怒目 而视。 SYN pull yourself up ♦ v + pron + adv draw upon sth -> DRAW ON STH 1 dream dream /driːm/ (dreamt, dreamt /dremt/ or dreamed, dreamed) dream sth a way to spend time in a lazy way, thinking about things you would like to do but not actually doing anything (因幻想 而) 虚度 (光阴)：She dreamt her life away, never really achieving anything. 她一辈子都在 想入非非，到头来一事无成。 [OBJ] life ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dream of sth to imagine and think about sth that you would like to happen 渴望；向往；梦 想：She dreams of running her own business. 她 梦想自己当老板。◊ It was the kind of trip most of us only dream about. 这是我们大多数人只能 梦想的旅行。 ♦ v + prep IDM wouldn't 'dream of sth/of doing sth used to emphasize the fact that you would not even think about doing sth 无论如何也不会做某事: Don't go without me, will you?' I wouldn't dream of it!' “别撇下我，求你了？" “我绝对 不会！” ► un dreamed-of (BrE also un dreamt-of) adj much more or much better than you thought was possible 料想不及的；做梦也没想到的: undreamed-of happiness 意想不到的幸福 dream on （informal) used to tell sb that you are certain that what they have just said will not happen 做梦去吧；痴心妄想：You want a pay rise? Dream on! 你想加薪？白日做梦！ ♦ v + adv dream sth up (informal) to have an idea or think of a plan, especially one that is not very practical 凭空想出，虚构出 (尤指不切实际的计 划、想法等)：The scheme was dreamed up by a local businessman. 这个计划是一个当地商人异 想天开弄出来的。◊ Trust you to dream up a crazy idea like this! 你这个人就是会想出这种荒 唐的主意来！ [OBJ] idea, scheme -> note at THINK STH UP ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) dredge dredge/dredʒ/ dredge sth up (usually disapproving) 1 to mention sth that sb has forgotten or wants to forget because it is unpleasant or embarrassing 重提 (令人不快的往事)：She always dredges up that embarrassing story. 她 老是翻出那件令人尴尬的事。[OBJ] the past 2 to remember sth or to do sth with difficulty 追 忆；费力做 (某事)：She was dredging up the little she knew about babies. 她努力回忆自己还 记得的关于婴儿的那点知识。 ◊ He managed to dredge up a smile. 他勉强挤出笑来。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) dress dress /dres/ dress down (in sth) to wear clothes that are less formal than those you usually wear or those that are usually worn in a particular situation 身着便服；穿着便装：He deliberately dressed down for the party. 他有意穿便装参加 聚会。 ◊ More and more people are dressing down for the office these days. 如今，越来越多 的人上班不穿正装。 OPP dress up (in sth) ♦ v + adv ► dress-down adj [only before noun] (business): The company has a dress-down Friday (= staff are allowed to wear clothes that are less formal than normal). 这家公司允 许员工周五上班不穿正装。 dress sb down to criticize sb angrily for sth wrong that they have done 训斥；责骂：The sergeant dressed down the new recruits. 中士把 新兵狠狠骂了一通。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► dressing- down n [sing.] (old-fashioned, informal) an occasion when sb speaks angrily to a person because they have done sth wrong 训斥；责骂 dress up (as sb/sth), dress sb/yourself up (as sb/sth) to put on special clothes in order to pretend to be sb else (把…) 装扮 (成…)；乔装打扮；化妆。The kids love dress- ing up. 孩子都喜欢装扮成别人玩儿。◊ They dressed themselves up as cartoon characters. 他们装扮成了卡通人物。◊ (BrE) dressing-up clothes 化装服 ◊ (AmE) dress-up clothes 化装服 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n [less frequent) dress up (in sth), dress yourself up (in sth) to wear special or more formal clothes than you usually do or than those usually worn in a particular situation 身着 盛装；穿着 正装：Don't bother to dress up― come as you are. 用不着穿礼服——就穿平时的衣服来吧。◊ She dressed herself up in a grey suit for the court appearance. 她穿了一套灰色西装出庭。 OPP dress down (in sth) -> note at PUT STH ON ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv dress sth up (as sth) to make sth seem different or better than it really is by the way that you present it 把...粉饰 (成…); 把…美 化 (为…): You're sacking me. Don't try to dress it up as a career move. 你是要解雇我。别 美其名曰职业变动。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n drift drift /dnft/ drift apart to become less close or less friendly with sb 逐渐疏远；生疏起来：Over the years we just drifted apart. 年复一年，我们就这 么日渐疏远了。’ ♦ v + adv drift off to fall asleep 睡着：入睡：She soon drifted off. 她很快便入睡了。 ◊ I drifted off to sleep on the sofa while I was watching the football. 我看足球赛时在沙发上睡着了。 SYN doze off ♦ v + adv drill drill /drɪl/ drill down to go to deeper levels of an organized set of data on a computer or a website in order to find more detail (在计 算机或网站上为查找详细信息) 向下钻取： Navigation is good and there's a display to show how far you've drilled down. 导航不错，还可以 显示向下钻取的深度。 ♦ v + adv drill sth into sb to make sb learn or understand sth by repeating it frequently 向… 反复灌输 We had multiplication tables drilled into us at school. 以前我们上学得反复背诵乘法 表。◊ There's no need to drill things into them一 theyll learn as they go along. 没必要生塞硬 灌——他们自然会逐步掌握的。 SYN drum sth into sb NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep drink drink /drɪŋk/ (drank /dræŋk/, drunk/drʌŋk/) drink sth down to drink all of sth quickly 迅速喝光：He filled a cup with cold water and drank it down in one gulp. 他盛了一杯凉水，一 饮而尽。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n drink in sth to look at, listen to or experi- ence sth with great pleasure and interest 尽情 地欣赏；陶醉于：She wandered the streets, drinking in the atmosphere. 她漫步街头，乐在 其中。◊ His followers drink in every word he says. 他的追随者如饥似渴地聆听他的一言一语。 [OBJ] sight, view, atmosphere, beauty NOTE When the object of drink in is a noun, it comes after in, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between drink and in ♦ drink in 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 in 之后； 但如果是代词，应置于 drink 和in 之间：We sat gazing at: the view, drinking it all in. 我们坐观 美景，一览无遗。Not used in the passive. 不 用于被动语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv drink to sb/sth to wish sb/sth good luck, success or happiness, by raising your glass and then drinking 为…干杯 (或祝酒)；举杯祝贺： They all drank to the couple's health. 他们都为 这对夫妇的健康干杯。◊ Things can only get better.' ' I'll drink to that!' “ 情况只会更好 的。” “我举杯赞同！” SYN toast sb/sth ♦ v + prep drink up； drink sth up to finish all of a drink (把…) 喝完：Drink up. It's time to go. 喝干吧，该走了。◊ Drink your milk up—it's good for you. 把牛奶喝完--这对你有好处。◊ drinking-up time (= the rime allowed in pubs in Britain to finish your drink after the bar has closed) (英国酒吧停止营业后留给顾客的) 饮完 杯中酒时间 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n drive drive /draɪv/ (drove /drəʊv; AmE droʊv/, driven /ˈdrɪvn/) be driving at sth to try to express or say sth 试图表达；试图说: I'm not: sure I understand what youfre driving at. 你到底什么意思，我摸 不准。◊ WhaCs he driving at? 他什么意思？ SYN get at sth NOTE Drive at sth is only used in the pro- gressive tenses and in direct or indirect questions with ’what‘. * drive at sth 只用于进 行时，并且是带 what 的直接或间接疑问句。 ♦ v + prep drive away/'off； .drive sb/sth away/off (of a car or a driver 汽车或驾驶员)to go away in a vehide; to take sb away in a vehide 驱车离开；驾车带走：The cab drove slowly away. 出租车慢慢开走了。 ◊ There's someone to drive your car away and park it. 有人会帮你把 车开去停好。 ◊ They were driven away in a police van. 他们被警车带走了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv drive sb/sth a way (from sth) to make sb not want to go to a particular place or be with a particular person; to make sb/sth leave a place 令人却步; 驱使...离开：Rising prices are driving customers away. 不断上扬的价格使顾客 望而却步。◊ His violent behaviour has driven all his family away. 他的暴力行为把家人全吓 跑了。 [OBJ] business, customers ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n drive sb/sth in (in baseball 棒球)to hit the ball in such a way that a runner can score 跑垒得分：Ramirez drove in three runs in the second inning. 拉米雷斯在第二局三次跑垒 得分。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n drive off (in golf 高尔夫球)to hit the ball to begin a game 开球；发球 ♦ v + adv drive off； .drive sb/sth 'off： The van drove off at high speed. 小货车快速开走了。 ◊ The car was driven off at speed. 汽车快速开走 了。 ◊ Then he drove her off to the airport. 然后 他驾车送她去机场。-> DRIVE AWAY/OFF, DRIVE SB/STH AWAY/OFF drive sb/sth off； .drive sb/sth off sth to force sb/sth to move away from a particular place 赶走；驱赶… (离开…)：The army was driven off by the fierce attacks of the rebels. 部队在叛军的猛烈攻击下被迫转移。 ◊ we were driven off the island by the new owner. 我们被 岛上的新主人赶走了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep drive on to continue driving either without stopping or after stopping for a short time 驱车继续行驶：We drove on until we came to an open square full of cafes. 我们一直开到 一个到处都是小餐馆的露天广场才停下车。 ◊ Paula stopped to let Philip out of the car before driving on. 葆拉停车让菲利普下车，然后又继续 往前开。 ♦ v + adv drive sb/sth out； .drive sb/sth out of sth to make sb/sth leave or disappear 赶走； 使消失；使离开：They're hoping that their competitive prices will drive out the rival company. 他们希望以具有竞争力的价格逼退对 手公司。◊ They cried to drive her out of the Village. 他们试图把她赶出村庄。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep drone drone /drəʊ; AmE droʊn/ drone on (about sth) to talk about sth for a long time in a boring way 唠叨；絮絮叨叨地说: I nearly fell asleep while he was droning on! 他啰哩啰唆地讲个没完，我差点睡着！ ◊ She droned on for hours about the uses of the present tense. 她没完没了地啰唆现在时的用法。 ♦ v + adv drool drool /druːl/ drool over sb/sth to look at sb/sth in a way that shows you like and admire or want them/it, often in a silly or exaggerated way 痴 情地看；迷恋地看：He was drooling over you at the party! 晚会上他一直在痴迷地打量你！ ◊ The boys drooled over the sports cars in the showroom. 那些男孩给陈列室里的跑车迷住了。 ♦ v + prep drop drop /drɒp; AmE drɑːp/ (-pp・) drop around (AmE) -> DROP BY drop sth a1 round (AmE) -> DROP STH ROUND drop a way (especially BrE) 1 if the ground drops away, it slopes down steeply away from where you are (地面) 往下猛然变陡: The seabed suddenly dropped away and I was waist deep in the water. 海床突然陡直向下，我 掉进了齐腰深的水里。2 to become less strong or disappear 减弱；消失：He felt his dark mood dropping away. 他觉得他不再悲观了。 ♦ v + adv drop 'back if a person in a group drops back, they move to a position further back behind other people, often because they are not able to stay at the front 逐渐落在 (同伴等 的) 后面：The original leader in the race has now dropped back to third place. 比赛开始时领 先的选手现在掉到了第三名。 SYN fall back ♦ v + adv drop be hind； .drop be hind sb/sth if sb drops behind or drops behind sb/sth, they move to a position behind other people 落后 (于…)；落在...之后：He dropped behind to walk with Sam. 他落到后面，和萨姆一道 走。◊ We cannot afford to drop behind our competitors. 我们不能落在竞争对手后面。 SYN fall behind, fall behind sb/sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep drop by (also .drop 'round BrE, .drop a round AmE) （informal） to pay a short, informal visit to sb, often without arranging this in advance 顺便看望一下：I just dropped by to check you were OK. 我只是顺便来看看你。◊ I'm dropping round to Kate's later. 我回头顺便 去凯特家一下。 SYN call by (especially BrE), stop by → note at VISIT WITH SB -> see also DROP IN (ON SB/AT ... ), DROP INTO STH； DROP OVER ♦ v + adv drop sth by （AmE) -> DROP STH IN, etc. drop down to lower yourself from a high place (从高处) 跳下，掉落: We climbed the wall and dropped down on the other side. 我们 翻过墙去。 ♦ v + adv ► drop-down adj [only before noun] 1 used to describe sth that appears by moving down into view when it is needed 下拉式的：a drop-down video screen 下拉屏 2 used to describe a menu that appears on a computer screen when you choose it, and that stays there until you choose one of the functions on it (计算机菜单) 下拉式的：a drop-down menu 下拉菜单 ► drop-down n a drop-down menu 下拉菜单: Select the item you want from the drop-down. 从下拉菜单中选择所需项。 drop in (on sb/at ... ), drop into sth (informal) to pay a short, informal visit to sb, often without arranging this in advance 顺便 看望一下 (某人)；顺便到 (某处) 一会儿： Drop in any time you're passing. 你路过就顺便 进来坐坐。◊ She drops in on her parents at least once a week. 她一周至少去看父母一次。◊ I dropped into the pub for a quick drink on my way home, 回家路上，我顺便进酒吧匆匆喝 一杯。 SYN call in -> see also DROP BY ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep ► drop-in adj [only before noun] used to describe a place where you can go without making an appointment 无需预约的；随时可 去的：a drop-in centre/surgery/clinic 无需预约 的活动中心 / 诊所 / 门诊 drop sb/yourself in it (BrE, informal) to put sb in a difficult or embarrassing situation 使陷入困境；使尴尬：She got herself out of trouble by dropping Laura in it. 她把劳拉扯进 去，自己甩掉了麻烦。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep + it drop sth in (to sb/sth), drop sth into sth （especially BrE) (AmE usually .drop sth 'by) (informal) to deliver sth, especially when you are on the way to somewhere else (尤指顺 路) 递送：She dropped the report in on her way out. 她外出时顺便把报告送去了。 ◊ I'll drop a note in to you when I know the arrangements. 等我知道安排后，就给你送个信儿。◊ Could you drop my coat into the cleaner's on your way to work? 你上班时顺路把我的外衣送到洗衣店好 吗？ ◊ Hl drop the brochures by later. 我过会儿 顺便把这些手册送去。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep drop into sth -> DROP IN (ON SB/AT ...), ETC. drop sth into sth -> DROP STH IN, ETC. drop off 1 (informal, especially BrE) to fall into a light sleep 打盹儿; 小睡： He's always dropping off in front of the TV. 他看电视老是打 瞌睡 SYN doze off; nod off (informal) 2 if a number, an amount or a quality drops off, it decreases (数目、数量 或 员量) 下降，下滑： The numbers applying for membership have dropped off sharply. 会员申请者人数锐减。SYN fall off ♦ v + adv ► drop-off (in sth) n a decrease 下降；减少： Managers are concerned by a recent drop-off in sales. 最近销售额下滑让经理们忧心忡忡。 drop sb/sth 'off to stop and let sb get out of a car, etc.; to deliver sth to a place, often when you are on the way to somewhere else 停车让 (某人) 下去；(顺路) 递送 (某物)： Could you drop me off at the station? 你在车站 让我下车好吗？ ◊ I'm going past Jan's house—I could drop the cake off. 我要路过简家，可以顺 便把蛋糕送去。◊ She dropped off some clothes at the dry-cleaner's. 她顺便把一些衣服送到了干 洗店。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► drop-off n a place where vehicles can stop for people to get out, or where sth can be left; the action of doing this 停车下客 (或卸货) 站 点；停车下客 (或卸货)：It is easier to get a taxi at passenger drop-off points than at flight arrival stands. 在下客站叫出租车比在航班进港 候客处容易。 drop out; drop 'out of sth 1 to stop taking part in an activity, being a member of a group, etc. 不再参加；退出；脱离：Several members of the team had to drop out at the last minute. 有几位队员不得不在最后时刻退出 比赛。◊ She had to drop out of the race halfway through. 她不得不中途退出赛跑。◊ The company had to drop out of the deal due to rising costs. 由于成本上升，公司只好放弃这笔 交易。SYN pull out, pull out of sth; withdraw (from sth) (more formal) 2 to leave school, college, university, etc. without finishing your studies 退学；辍学：She dropped out of college after only a few weeks. 她在大学只读了几个星 前就退学了。◊ Many students drop out or fail because they're not enjoying the course.很多同 学中途放弃或考试不及格是因为他们不喜欢这门 课程。3 to reject the accepted ideas, morals and values of society 拒绝主流社会；抵制现实 社会：There's a danger that when people lose their jobs they drop out (of society) altogether. 人们失业后很容易脱离社会。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep ► dropout n 1 a person who leaves school, college or university before they have finished their studies 退学者；辍学者：He might be a college dropout but he's made a fortune in business. 他可能没完成学业，但却经商发了财。 ◊ There is a high dropout rate from some college courses. 有些大学课程的弃学率很高。2 (disapproving, especially BrE) a person who rejects the accepted ideas, morals and values of society 拒绝主流社会者：抵制现实社会的人： Many of the town's dropouts hang around the square, 这个小镇很多脱离主流社会的人爱在广 场上闲荡。 drop 'over (especially AmE) to visit sb for a short time at their home, without arranging a time in advance 串门；(到某人家) 小坐：I think Hl just drop over to Jim's for a while, 我 想去吉姆家串会儿门。◊ Why don't you drop over this evening? 你今晚过束坐坐吧？ SYN pod over/round -> see also DROP BY ♦ v + adv drop 'round (BrE) -> DROP BY drop sth 'round (BrE) （AmE .drop sth a round) (informal) to deliver sth to sb's home, etc. 把 (某物) 送到 (某人家等)：I'll drop those papers round later. 我过会儿把那些 文件送过去。 -> see also DROP STH IN (TO SB/STH), DROP STH INTO STH ♦ v + n/pron + adv drown drown /draʊn/ drown sb/sth out if a sound drowns out sb/sth, it is so loud that they/it cannot be heard (声音) 盖过，压过：The music was playing at full volume, drowning out conversation. 音乐开到了最大音量，掩盖了谈话 声。◊ Her reply was drowned out by a passing motorbike. 她的回答淹没在路过摩托车的轰鸣声 中。[SUBJ] noise, sound, roar, music NOTE Drown sb/sth can also be used with the same meaning * drown sb / sth 也可作此义：Her voice was drowned by the crashing waves. 她的 声音淹没在海浪拍击声中。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) drum drum /drʌm/ (-mm-) drum sth 'into sb to make sb remember sth by repeating it often 向…反复灌输; 对...再三 讲述：He drummed road safety into them before letting them out on their bicycles. 他再三叮嘱他 们要注意道路安全，然后才让他们骑自行车出 去。◊ Traditional values were drummed into him from an early age. 他从小就被反复灌输了 传统价值观。 ◊ I had it drummed into me that I shouldn't talk to strangers. 我曾被不断告诫不要 与陌生人讲话。 SYN drill sth into sb ♦ v + n/pron + prep drum sb 'out; .drum sb out of sth to force sb to leave a group or an organization, usually because they have done sth wrong 开 除；轰走；驱逐：He was drummed out of the club. 他被赶出了俱乐部。 SYN throw sb out, throw sb out of sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep drum sth up to work hard to get sth 竭力争 取；兜揽：We're launching a campaign to drum up more business. 我们正要开展活动，以招揽到 更多生意。 ◊ We couldn't drum up enough cash to keep the dub going. 我们无法挣取到足够的现 金来维持俱乐部的运转。 [OBJ] business, support, customers ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) dry dry /draɪ/ (dries, drying, dried) dry off; ,dry sb/sth off; .dry yourself off to become dry; to make sb/sth/yourself dry (使) 变干；弄干：We lay beside the pool to dry off in the sun. 我们躺在游泳池边晒干身上的 水。◊ You can use this towel to dry yourself off. 你可以用这条毛巾擦干身体。◊ I dried the car off with a soft cloth. 我用软布把车擦干。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dry out .dry sb 'out (informal) to receive treatment to help you stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs; to cure sb of drinking too much alcohol or of taking drugs (使) 戒酒，戒毒: She went into a clinic to dry out. 她到一家诊所 戒毒。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv dry out ,dry sth out to become very or too dry; to make sth become very or too dry (使) 变干，干透：Water the plant regularly and don't let the soil dry out. 经常给植物浇水， 别让土壤干掉了。◊ The wind and the sun had dried out my skin. 风吹日晒使我的皮肤变得 干燥。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dry up 1 if a supply of sth dries up, it is no longer available 枯竭；耗尽：The plan was abandoned when the money dried up. 资金耗 尽之后，计划就被放弃了。 SUBJ investment, supply, funds SYN run out 2 (informal) to stop talking suddenly because you cannot remember what to say next or are very nervous 突然说不出话来；张口结舌：She dried up during the second act. 在第二幕她突然忘了 台词。◊ I just dried up halfway through the interview. 面试进行到一半，我言语枯竭想不出 词儿了。3 (informal) used to tell sb rudely to be quiet or stop talking 闭嘴 ，住口. ♦ v + adv dry up; ,dry sth up 1 if a river or a lake, etc. dries up, or sth dries it up, it becomes completely dry (使河流、湖泊等) 干涸，枯竭： The well dried up for the first time in a century. 这是一个世纪以来这眼井第一次干涸。◊ The sun dried up all the puddles. 太阳把所有的水坑烤干 了。2 (BrE, informal) to dry dishes after they have been washed 擦干，拭干 (盘、碟)：I'll dry up if you wash the dishes. 你洗盘子，我来 揩干。 ◊ He dried all the dishes up and put them away, 他把所有的盘碟抹干并收起来。NOTE Dry and dry sth are also used on their own. * dry 和 dry sth 也单独使用。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) ► dried up adj 1 completely dry 干涸的；干 透的：They camped in a dried-up river bed. 他 们在一处干涸的河床上扎营。2 [only before noun] (disapproving) (of a person 人)old, with many folds and lines on the skin, small and usually bitter or bad-tempered 年老干瘪 的 (通常尖刻暴躁)：The librarian was a dried-up, bitter old man. 图书馆管理员是个干 瘪尖刻的老头儿。 ► drying- up n [U] (BrE, informal) the act of drying dishes after they have been washed 擦 干碟子：to do the drying-up 把碟子抹干 duck duck /dʌk/ duck out; ,duck out of sth; ,duck out of doing sth (informal) to avoid a responsibility or duty, especially an unpleasant one 逃避，躲避，推诿 (责任等)： She ducked out of visiting him in hospital. 她找 借口没去医院看她。 ◊ You have to go, so don't try ducking out. 你必须去，别想躲。 Duck can be used with an object with the same meaning *duck 可接宾语作此义：Don't try to duck the issue. 不要试图回避这个问题。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep dude dude /du：d/ dude yourself up (AmE, slang) to make yourself more attractive and try to impress people by wearing expensive or special clothes 精心打扮：He really duded himself up for the party. 他为参加聚会着实修饰了一番。 ♦ v + pron + adv duff duff /dʌf/ duff sb up (BrE, informal) to hit or kick sb severely 猛踢；狠揍：A couple of guys duffed him up. 几个家伙给了他一阵拳脚。 SYN beat sb up ♦ v + n/pron + adv duke duke /djuːk; AmE duːk/ duke it out (with sb) (AmE, slang) to fight with sb using your hands tightly closed 攥紧 拳头打 (某人)：You can't settle every argument by duking it out. 你不能靠拳头解决每一次争 吵。◊ (figurative) Youll have to duke it out over the last cookie. 只剩最后一块曲奇饼干，你们只 好打出个输赢了。 ♦ v + it + adv dumb dumb/dʌm/ dumb down; .dumb sth 'down (dis- approving) to make sth too simple and there- fore less accurate and of poorer quality, by trying to make it easier for people to under- stand 为大众化而降低难度 (或质量等)；使通 俗易懂：The programme producers claimed they had to dumb down. 制作人声称他们不得不拉低 节目层次。◊ The new producer has really dumbed the show down. 新的制片人确实使演出 变得很通俗。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► dumbing down n [U] the act or policy of making sth too simple and therefore less accurate and of poorer quality 大众化；通俗化 dummy dummy /dʌmi/ (dummies, dummying, dummied) dummy up (AmE to say nothing 不吭声； 缄默：If he dummies up, just try a little per- suasion. 如果他闭口不说，稍微劝劝他就是了。 SYN clam up ♦ v + adv dump dump/dʌmp/ dump on sb (slang) 1 to treat sb unfairly, especially by giving them too much to do or unpleasant tasks (以超量的工作或苦差) 难 为，亏待 (某人)：The boss dumps on Jerne cmd she dumps on the junior staff. 老板和简过不 去，简就和下属过不去 2 (AmE) to criticize sb and make them feel unimportant or stupid 贬损；冷嘲热讽：Quit dumping on me, I'm trying my best. 别嘲笑我了，我尽力了。◊ Why do I always get dumped on? 为什么人们总是挖 苦我？ ♦ v + prep dump on sb; dump sth on sb (slang, especially AmE) to tell sb all your problems 对…倾诉；找…诉说：He dumps on me every time she throws him out. 他每次给她赶出来， 就找我诉苦。 ◊ She keeps phoning me and dumping all her problems on me. 她不断地给我 打电话，向我大倒苦水。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep Dust Dust /dʌst/ dust sb/sth off; dust yourself off (BrE also ,dust sb/sth down, dust yourself down) to remove the dust or dirt from sb/sth/yourself, for example with your hand or a brush 除去…上的灰尘；掸去；拂去：She stood up and dusted herself down. 她站起来，拍掉身 上的尘土。 -> see also DUST YOURSELF OFF ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n dust sth off (BrE also ,dust sth down) to bring sth out after it has not been used for a long time and start to use it again 把 (长期不 用的东西) 捡起；重新启用：The government is dusting off its plans for offshore gas and oil exploration. 政府要重新启动近海天然气和石油 勘探计划。 ◊ Some of their early songs have been brought out and. dusted down for re-release. 他们的一些早期歌曲被发掘出来，准 备再度发行。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （less frequent) dust yourself off (BrE also .dust yourself down) to recover after a difficult or unpleasant experience and begin again 重新开 始：重整旗鼓：After a disappointment I just dust: myself down and start again. 失望过后我都会卷 土重来。 -> see also DUST SB/STH OFF, DUST YOURSELF OFF ♦ v + pron + adv dwell dwell /dwel/ (dwelt, dwelt or dwelled, dwelled) dwell on sth (also dwell upon sth more formal) 1 to think or talk about sth for too long, especially sth unpleasant 细想, 唠叨， 不能释怀 (尤指令人不快的事)：It's time you stopped dwelling on the past. 别再沉溺于往事之 中了。[OBJ] the past, problems 2 (literary) to look at sth for a long time 端详；谛视：He smiled, his eyes dwelling on her face. 他含笑凝 视着她的面庞。 ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 dwindle away dwindle away ♦ fall away ♦ fall off ♦ tail off ♦ taper off These are all verbs that can be used when the amount or number of sth goes down gradually. 这些动词都表示逐渐减少、减小、下 降。See also die down, peter out. dwindle away to become gradually less in number or amount (数目或数量) 逐渐变 少，渐渐缩小: Support for the party slowly dwindled away to nothing. 对该党的支持逐渐 荡然无存。NOTE Dwindle can be used on its own * dwindle 可单独使用：Membership of the club has dwindled from 70 to 20. 俱乐部的会 员人数从70下跌到了20。 fall away to become gradually fewer or smaller; to disappear 逐渐减少；渐渐减小； 慢慢消失：The market for their products fell away to almost nothing. 他们的产品几乎毫无 市场了。 ◊ All our doubts fell away. 我们所有 的疑惑烟消云散了。 fall off to become gradually lower or less in level or number (水平或数目) 逐渐下降， 变小: Attendance at my lectures has fallen off considerably. 我的课出席率显著下滑。 ◊ Public interest started to fall off after a while. 一段时间过后，公众的兴趣开始减退。 tail off (especially BrE) (of a number, level or sb's voice) to become smaller or weaker (数 目、水平或话音) 变小，降低，减弱：the number of tourists tails off in October. * 10 月 游客人数减少。◊ 'But why ... ?' Her voice tailed off in disappointment. “ 但是，为什 么…？" 她因失望声音渐渐变得微弱。 taper off to become gradually less in number, amount, etc. (数目、数量等) 逐渐变小，渐 渐变少：The number of applicants for teaching posts has tapered off. 申请教师职也的人数日 益减少。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS the number/level of sth dwindles (away)/falls away/falls off/tails off/tapers off ■ support dwindles (away)/tails off ■ sb's voice tails off ■ to dwindle (away)/fall away/fall off/tail off/taper off gradually/slowly dwindle dwindle /ˈdwɪndl/ dwindle a way (to sth) to become gradually less or smaller 逐渐变少；渐渐缩小：The audi- ence for this kind of music has dwindled away to nothing. 此类音乐的听众日渐减少，现已所剩 无几了。 ease ease /i:z/ ease ,back 1 （business） if profits, prices, etc. ease back, they become a little lower, especially after they have been high （利润、 价格等）略微回落，稍降，回调：The company's profits eased back from £15.1 million to £14.7 million. 公司利润从 1510 万英镑下滑到 1470万 英镑。 2 （on sth） if sb eases back, they go a little slower, do sth with a little less energy, are less strict, etc. than before （把某事）放 缓，放松：The team played aggressively in the first half of the game, but were able to ease back in the second. 该队在上半场比赛中咄咄逼人， 但在下半场攻势稍微有些放缓。◊ The govern- ment should ease back on farming restrictions. 政府应该放宽农业限制。 ♦ v + adv ease back into sth； .ease sb/yourself back into sth to gradually become familiar again with sth you have not done for some time; to help sb become familiar again with sth they used to do （使）重新熟习（生疏了的 事情）：Smith is gradually easing back into running after his injury. 史密斯受伤后正慢慢恢 复跑步。◊ It's time to ease the kids back into the school routine. 该让孩子们逐步恢复上学时 的作息习惯了。 -> see also EASE INTO STH, ETC. ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ease into sth； .ease sb/yourself into sth to gradually become, or help sb become, familiar with sth new, especially a new job （使）逐渐熟悉（新事物，尤指新工作）：to ease into retirement 逐步适应退休生活 ◊ a course for easing people into the world of computing 循序 渐进帮助人们熟悉计算机的课程 -> see also EASE BACK INTO STH, ETC. ♦ v+ prep ♦ v+ n/pron + prep ease off i to gradually become less strong or unpleasant 逐渐减轻；渐渐舒缓：Eventually the rain started to ease off. 雨势终于开始减弱了。◊ The pain eased off after a few hours. 几个小时 后疼痛减轻了。 2 to go slower or make less effort 减速；放松：He eased off in the last lap and still won, 他在最后一圈放慢了速度，但还 是赢了。 SYN slack off ♦ v + adv ease sb out； .ease sb out of sth to make sb leave their job or position, especially by making it difficult or unpleasant for them over a period of time （尤指通过长期刁难） 逼...离开（工作或职位）：He was eased out of his job as presidential adviser. 他最终被迫辞去 总统顾问一职。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ease up 1 （on sth） to go slower or make less effort; to do sth less 减速；松弛；减少：The doctor told him to ease up. 医生让他放松点。 ◊ I'd ease up on the training a bit if I were you. 我 要是你，就少训练点。2 （on sb） to start being less severe with sb （对某人）放松要求: I think you should ease up on the kids a bit. 我觉得你 应该对孩子们温和些。 ♦ v + adv eat eat /iːt/ （ate /et, eɪt; especially AmE/, eaten/'iːtn/) eat sth a way to gradually damage or destroy sth over a period of time 侵蚀；腐 蚀；逐渐毁掉：Something was eating away the foliage. 有东西在蚕食叶子。◊ The stone had been eaten away by pollution. 石头因污染遭到 腐蚀。◊ The sea is eating away the coastline. 海 水侵蚀着海岸线。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv eat away at sb to worry sb over a long period of time （精神上长期）折磨，烦扰： Jeal- ousy is eating away at him. 嫉妒令他备受煎熬。 ♦ v + adv + prep eat away at sth to gradually damage or destroy sth over a period of time 侵蚀；腐 蚀；逐渐毁掉：Pollution is eating away at the stone. 污染腐蚀着石头。◊ Resentment ate away at their relationship. 怨恨逐渐破坏了他们的 关系。 -> see also EAT STH AWAY ♦ v + adv + prep eat in i to have a meal at home rather than at a restaurant 在家里吃饭：Are you eating in tonight? 你今晚在家吃饭吗？ OPP eat out 2 （also eat sth 'in） （especially BrE） to buy and eat food at a restaurant, rather than taking it away to eat 在餐馆进餐：Is this food to eat in or take away? 这份食物是在这儿吃还是带走？ OPP take sth away （especially BrE） ♦ 1 v + adv ♦ 2 also v + n/pron + adv eat into sth 1 to gradually damage or des- troy sth 逐步腐蚀；逐渐损毁：Woodworm had eaten into most of the furniture. 大部分家具都 遭虫蛀了。2 to use or take away a large part of sth valuable, especially money or time 消 耗，花掉，耗费（尤指大部分的金钱或时间）： My work began to eat into the weekends. 我的 工作开始占用周末时间了。[OBJ] profits, time ♦ v + prep eat out to have a meal in a restaurant, etc. rather than at home 到餐馆吃饭；在外用餐： We ate out almost every night. 我们几乎每晚都 下馆子。 SYN dine out (formal) OPP eat in ♦ v + adv eat up used to tell sb to eat quickly or to eat everything they have been given 快点吃； 吃干 净：Eat up! You'll be late for school. 快点吃！你 上学要迟到了。 -> see also EAT STH UP 1 ♦ v + adv eat sb 'up if an emotion such as anger, etc. eats sb up, it worries them all the time and they cannot think of anything else (情感) 折 磨，困扰：The anger was eating her up inside. 她怒不可遏。◊ He's eaten up by jealousy. 他妒 火中烧。 SYN consume sb (formal) NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n eat sth 'up 1 to eat all the food you have been given 吃完；吃光：Eat up your broccoli. It's good for you. 把西兰花吃完。它对你有好 处。 -> see also EAT UP 2 (informal, especially BrE) to use large quantities of sth, for example fuel or electricity 大量消耗 (燃料、电力等)： His extravagance is eating up our profits. 他挥 霍无度，耗光了我们的利润。◊ The van really eats up petrol/gas. 这辆客货车很耗油。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) IDM eat it up {AmE, informal) to be very happy about sth that has happened and want it to happen more 欣然接受；巴不得：He start- ed telling jokes, and the audience just ate it up. 他开始说笑话，而听众也求之不得。 ebb ebb /eb/ ebb a'way to gradually become weaker and begin to disappear 逐渐减弱；开始消失：His confidence ebbed away. 他渐渐丧失了信心。 SUBJ strength, enthusiasm, anger -> note at DIE DOWN ♦ v + adv edge edge /edʒ/ edge sb/sth out； .edge sb/sth out of sth to gradually move sb out of their job or position, especially by taking yourself; to gradually defeat sb （尤指通过取 而代之) 逐渐把…排挤 (在…之外) ; 击败：be careful he doesn't edge you out of your job altogether. 小心别让他逐步取代你。◊ She was edged out of the semi-final by her younger rival. 她被比她小的对手挤出了半决赛。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep edge up if prices, etc. edge up, they grad- ually increase (价格等) 逐步上涨: Inflation is edging up. 通货膨胀不断加剧。 ♦ v + adv edit edit /ˈedɪt/ edit sth out； .edit sth out of sth to remove words or phrases from a book, programme, etc. before it is published or shown (从书、节目等中) 删除，去掉：The swear words were edited out (of the song). (歌 词中的) 脏话已被删掉了。 ◊ He must have edited a lot of Che interview out. 他肯定大量删 减了采访内容。◊ Read through your work and edit out anything irrelevant. 通读一下你的作 品，删去无关的内容。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep edit sth down (to sth) to reduce the length of film/movie, report, etc. by taking out parts of it 删节，删减 (影片、报告等)：We edited several hours of tape down to a short video. 我 们将几个小时的录像带剪辑成了一部短片。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n eff eff/ef/ eff off (BrE, △, slang) a rude way of telling sb to go away, used instead of fuck off ( 用于代 替 fuck off) 滚蛋，滚开 ♦ v + adv egg egg/eg/ egg sb on (to do sth) to encourage sb to do sth, especially sth stupid or wrong 鼓动；挑 唆；撺掇：Egged on by his classmates, he climbed a bit higher. 在同学们的怂恿下，他又 爬高了一点。 ◊ The other lads were egging them on to fight. 其他小伙子在鼓动他们打架。 SYN urge sb/sth on (to sth/to do sth) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n eke eke /iːk/ eke sth 'out 1 to make a small supply of sth last longer by using only a little at a time or by adding sth else to it 省出...再用；节约使 用；勉力维持：She eked out the stew to make another meal. 她省出一些炖菜，留到下一顿吃， [OBJ] income, supplies 2 .eke out sth (literary) to manage to live with very little money 糊 口; 艰难度日：She eked out a living by selling what she could grow. 她卖些能种的东西来糊 口。[OBJ] living, existence NOTE Eke out is not used with a pronoun object in this meaning. eke out 作此义时不与代词宾语连用。 ♦ 1 v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) ♦ 2 v + adv + n elaborate elaborate /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ elaborate on/upon sth to explain or describe sth in a more detailed way 详尽解 释；详细描述：He said he was resigning but did not elaborate on his reasons. 他说他准备辞职. 但是没有详谈原因。 SYN enlarge on/upon sth ♦ v + prep elbow elbow /ˈelbəʊ; AmE -boʊ/ elbow sb/sth a side/ out; .elbow sb/sth 'out of sth to force sb or sth out of a position or job 把…挤掉；把...排除在（职 位）外：The story was on the front page, elbowing aside the peace talks. 这篇报道载于头 版。 把和谈消息挤到了其他版面。 ◊ He was elbowed out of power. 他被迫下台。 ◊ Germany has elbowed America out of the top slot after just one year. 仅仅一年，德国就取代美国坐上了 头把交椅。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep embark embark /ɪmˈbɑːk; AmE ɪmˈbɑːrk/ em bark on/upon sth （formal) to start to do sth new, important or difficult 开始，着 手，从事（新的、重要的或艰难的事情）： The government has embarked upon a programme of reforms. 政府已开始实施改革计划。 ◊ He travelled for a year, before embarking on gradu- ate studies. 他旅行一年后才去读研究生。 [OBJ] programme, career, course, journey → note at START ON STH ♦ v + prep empty empty /ˈempti/ （empties, emptying, emptied） empty out; empty out of sth if a place empties out, or people empty out of a place, it becomes empty of people （地方）空出来； （某场所的人）走空：At 11.30 the restaurant emptied out （= people left it). 到 11:30 餐厅已 空无一人。 ◊ People were emptying out of bars and clubs. 酒吧和夜总会里的人纷纷散去。 NOTE Empty and empty sth are also used on their own. * empty 和 empty sth 也可单独使用。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep empty sth out; .empty sth out of sth to remove all the things from inside a container （从容器中）将...全部取出；腾空 （容器）：He emptied the bag out onto the table. 他把袋子里的东西全放到桌上。 ◊ Don't empty the bath water out! 别把洗澡水排掉！ ◊ I was asked to empty everything out of my pock- ets. 我被要求把衣兜里的东西全掏出来。 NOTE Empty sth is used more frequently on its own than empty sth out. * empty sth 箪独使用 比 empty sth out 更常见。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep encroach encroach /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ; /AmE ɪnˈkroʊtʃ/ en croach on sth （also encroach upon sth） （formal) 1 to use up too much of sb's time, personal life, etc.; to begin to affect sb 侵占 （个人时间等）；打扰（正常生活等）：She tried to prevent her work from encroaching too far on her private life. 她尽力避免工作过多影响她的私 生活。 SYN cut into sth （less formal）; trespass on sth 2 to gradually spread over more and more of an area 逐渐遍布（某地区）： New housing is starting to encroach upon the surrounding fields. 新住宅开始延伸到周围的田 地。[OBJ] territory, land ♦ v + prep end end /end/ end in sth to have sth as an ending or as a result 以…结束；以…为结果：Many adverbs in English end in -ly. 很多英语副词以 -ly 结尾。◊ His first attempt to run a marathon ended in disaster. 他第一次尝试跑马拉松，结果以惨败 告终。 ◊ The partnership between the two companies could all end in tears （= have an unhappy result）. 这两家公司的合作最终可能以 悲剧收场。 [OBJ] failure, disaster, divorce, a draw ♦ v + prep end 'up; .end up doing sth to reach or come to a particular place or situation that you did not expect or intend to be in 最终处于 （意料或意愿之外的境况）；结果做了（意料或 意愿之外的事情）：He ended up in prison 他最 终锒铛入狱。 ◊ I don't want to end up worse off than when I started. 我不想到头来比开始时境 况还糟。 ◊ I expect 11.1 end up paying, as usuaL 我估计最后会和往常一样，还得由我付账。 ◊ If you drive like that, you could end up dead! 你 要是这样开车，迟早送命！ SYN finish up, finish up doing sth; wind up, wind up doing sth （informal） NOTE note that this phrasal verb does not mean the same as end 注意这个短语动词和 end 意义不同：Classes end at 4 p.m. 课在下午4点 结束。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + -ing endear endear /ɪnˈdɪə(r)）; AmE - 'dɪr/ en dear sb/yourself to sb （formaF） to make sb/yourself loved or liked by sb 令...喜 欢； 使受...欢迎： He managed to endear himself to my entire family. 他设法博得了我们全家人的 好感。 ◊ The government's record on employ- ment did not endear them to the voters. 政府促 进就业的政绩未能为它赢取选民的支持。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep endow endow /ɪnˈdaʊ/ endow sb/sth with sth （forma) 1 to give sb sth, such as a particular quality, responsi- bility, etc, 给予，赋予（某种特质、责任等）： They endowed their children with remarkable names. 他们给孩子们取了很独特的名字。 ◊ The job endows its holder with great prestige. 做这 份工作的人会有很高的声望。 2 to imagine or believe that sb/sth has a particular quality 认 为...具有（某种特质）：They endowed certain plants with almost magical healing qualities. 他 们认为某些植物具有近乎神奇的疗效。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep be en dowed with sth to naturally have a particular skill, quality, feature, etc. 自然赋 予，天生具有（某种技能、特质、特征等）：He is endowed with both intelligence and good looks. 他天生才智过人，相貌出众。 ◊ machines endowed with amazing powers 功能超凡的机器 ◊ The islands are well endowed with ponds, lakes and streams. 这些岛上到处是天然的池 塘、湖泊和溪流。 ♦ be + v + prep engage engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ en gage in sth； en gage in doing sth； en gage sb in sth； en gage sb in doing sth (formal) to take part in sth; to make sb take part in sth; to be busy doing sth (使) 参加；忙于：Lecturers engage in teaching and research. 讲师从事教学和研究。 ◊ She tried to engage him in conversation. 她设法让他参与 交谈。 ◊ He was engaged in running a small business. 他忙于经营一家小企业。 [OBJ] activities, research, business, discussion ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep be en gaged on/upon sth (formal) to do sth; to be involved in doing sth 正在做；投入 (活动等)： He is engaged on a biography of his father. 他在写他父亲的传记。 ♦ be + v + prep enlarge enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ； AmE - ˈlɑːrdʒ/ enlarge on/upon sth (formal) to say or write more about sth you have mentioned 详 述；细说：I'll enlarge on this point later. 我过会 儿将进一步说明这一点。 SYN elaborate on/upon sth ♦ v + prep enquire (also inquire especially AmE) /ɪnˈkwaɪə(r)/ en quire after sb (formal) to ask about sb's health or about what they are doing 问候； 询 问…的近况： My mother enquired after you and the baby. 我母亲向你和孩子问好。 SYN ask after sb (less formal) ♦ v + prep enquire into sth (formal, especially BrE) to try to find out the facts about sth 调查；查 究； 查问：The committee are enquiring into the employment of children. 委员会正在调查雇用童 工问题。 SYN investigate sth ♦ v + prep enquire sth of sb (formal) to ask sb sth 向 某人打听；向某人询问；向某人了解：'Are you able to come with us?' she enquired of Will. “你能和我们一道来吗？" 她问威尔。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep enter enter /ˈentə(r)/ enter into sth (format) 1 (with sb) to begin to discuss or deal with sth (与某人) 开始讨 论，着手处理：The government agreed to enter into negotiations. 政府同意进行谈判。 ◊ The examiners cannot enter into any correspondence over the results. 考官不得就结果进行任何通信 联系。 [OBJ] negotiations, correspondence, contract 2 (with sb) to begin or become involved in a formal agreement (与某人) 订 立协议：The government has entered into an agreement with the World Bank. 政府已经和 世界银行达成了协议。 ◊ It is vital that the contract be freely entered into. 自由签订本合同 是至关重要的。[OBJ] agreement 3 to affect a situation or be an important pan of it 影响； 是...的重要部分: Luck didn't enter into it; I won because of my skill. 我获胜并非靠运气，而是靠 技术。 [OBJ] it ♦ v + prep enter on/upon sth (formal) to make a start on sth; to begin sth 开始；着手：The economy entered on a period of sustained growth. 经济进 入了持续增长期。◊ In 1991, he entered upon. a turbulent political career. * 1991 年，他开始了 动荡不安的政治生涯。 ♦ v + prep entitle entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ en title sb to sth to give sb a right to have or do sth 赋予某人权利：This ticket entitles you to a free meal. 凭这张票可免费吃一顿。 ◊ All children are entitled to education. 所有孩子都 有接受教育的权利。 ◊ I think I'm entitled to an explanation. 我想我有权得到解释。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep entrust entrust /ɪnˈtrʌst/ entrust A to B; en trust B with A to make sb responsible for doing sth or for taking care of sb 委托某人做某事；委托某人照 看某人： I couldn't entrust my children to strangers. 我不能把孩子交给陌生人看护。 ◊ Can you entrust an assistant with the task? 你能把 这项工作交给助手吗？ ♦ v + n/pron + prep equate equate /ɪˈkweɪt/ equate to sth to be equal to sth 相当于； 等于：Do my qualifications equate to any in your country? 我的资历在你们国家有对等的吗？ ◊ Production costs for the movie equated to around 30% of income. 这部电影的制作成本相 当于收益的大约30%。 ♦v + prep equate sth with sth to consider that sth is the same as sth else, or equal in value or importance 把…和…等同看待：He equates success with material wealth. 他认为成功等同于 物质财富。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep etch etch /etʃ/ be etched into/on sth; be 'etched with sth if a feeling is etched into/on sb's face or sb's face is etched with a particular feeling, that feeling can be seen very clearly (感情) 显露在(脸上)；(脸上) 显露出 (感 情): Tiredness and despair were etched into his face. 疲惫与绝望刻在他的脸上。 ◊ Anthea's face was etched with horror. 安西娅的脸上流露出 恐惧。 ♦ be + v + prep IDM be etched on your 'heart/' memory/' mind if sth is etched on your memory, you remem- ber it because it has made a very strong impression on you 铭刻在心里 / 记忆里 / 脑海里 even even /ˈiːvn/ even 'out if sth evens out, it becomes level or steady after a period when it has gone up and down or changed a lot （道路等）变平 坦；（局势等）趋于稳定：The path evens out further on. 这条小路再向前就平坦了。◊ House prices will eventually even out. 房价最终将趋于 平稳。 ♦ v + adv even sth 'out to spread sth equally over a number of people or a period of time 平分； 平摊：She tried to even out the work among the staff. 她尽量把工作平均分配给员工。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv even sth up to make a situation, a competi- tion, etc. more equal 使拉平；使相等；使平衡: If I give you another £5, that will even things up a bit. 我再给你 5 英镑，就会扯平一些了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n expand expand /ɪkˈspænd/ expand on sth （also expand upon sth more format} to give more information or details about sth you have said or written 详 论； 充分阐述：Could you expand on your earlier statement? 请详细说明一下你前面阐述的部分 好吗？ [OBJ] point, statement ♦ v + prep explain explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ ex, plain sth away to give reasons why you should not be blamed for sth or why sth is not as important or as bad as people think 为… 作辩解；把…搪塞过去：How will you explain away the loss of two cars? 两辆车丢了，你如何 解释？ ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv eye eye /aɪ/ （eyeing or eying, eyed, eyed） eye sb up （informal, especially BrE） to look at sb in a way that shows that you are interested in them, especially in a sexual way 向…抛媚 眼；（色迷迷地）打量：She's eyeing me up as a potential customer. 她向我频送秋波，以为我可 能会买她的东西。◊ He was eyeing up all the women at the party. 他色迷迷地打量着晚会上 所有的女人。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n eye sth 'up （informal, especially BrE） to look closely at sth, because you want it or are interested in it （渴望地或饶有兴趣地） 盯 着（某物）：Are you eyeing up that strawberry tart? 你眼馋那块草莓馅饼吗？ NOTE Have your eye on sth has a similar meaning * have your eye on sth 含义相近。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv face face /feɪs/ face sb 'down （especially AmE） to oppose or defeat sb by dealing with them directly and confidently （毅然决然地）应对，挫败： The President is determined to face down his critics. 总统决心给指责他的人以迎头痛击。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv face off （AmE） 1 （in ice hockey 冰球）to start the game 开球；开赛：The teams face off at 2.30. 两队在 2:30 开始比赛。 2 to get ready to argue, fight or compete with sb 准备开始辩论 （或战斗、比赛）：The candidates face off in a Democratic primary today. 民主党候选人初选辩 论今日举行。 ♦ v + adv ► face-off n （AmE） 1 （in ice hockey 冰球）the beginning of the game 开球；开赛 2 an argu- ment or a fight 辩论；对抗 ,face onto sth if a room or a building faces onto sth, the windows look in that direction （房间或建筑物的窗户）面向，面对，正对：The front bedroom faces onto a main road. 前面卧 室的窗外就是大马路。 ♦ v + prep face 'up to sth to accept and deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation 敢于面对；勇 于正视：When is she going to face up to her responsibilities? 她何时能勇于承担自己的责任 呢？ ◊ He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 他必须承认自己不再年轻了。 ◊ This problem has got to be faced up to. 必须直 面这个问题。 [OBJ] fact, reality, problem, responsibilities SYN square up （to sb/sth） ♦ v + adv + prep factor factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ factor 'into sth to have an influence on sth 对…有影响：The report will factor into the committee's decision. 报告将影响委员会的 决定。 ♦ v + prep factor sth in； .factor sth 'into sth （especially AmE） to include a particular fact or situation when you are calculating sth, or thinking about or planning sth 把（某因素） 考虑进去： When you estimated the cost of the repairs, you forgot to factor in the labour. 在估 算维修成本时，你忘了将人工考虑在内. OPP factor sth out, factor sth out of sth ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep factor sth out； .factor sth out of sth （especially AmE） to not include a particular fact or situation when you are calculating sth, or thinking about or planning sth 把（某因 素）排除在外：When inflation is factored out, the trade deficit fell 12.8%. 撇开通货膨胀因 素, 贸易赤字下降了 12.8%。 OPP factor sth in, factor sth into sth ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep fade fade /feɪd/ fade a'way 1 to gradually become less strong, clear or frequent and disappear 逐渐变 弱（或模糊）； 渐趋消失：His footsteps grad- ually faded away. 他的脚步声渐渐听不到了。◊ Her enthusiasm will soon fade away. 她的热情 很快会消失。 SYN die away NOTE Fade can also be used on its own with this meaning, especially in more formal English. * fade 单独 使用也可作此义，尤用于正式英语。 -> note at PETER OUT 2 （of a person 人）to become weaker and die 衰弱；衰竭而亡： She's fading away rapidly. 她的身体迅速垮了下来。 ♦ v + adv fade in； .fade sth 'in if a sound or a picture in a film/movie, etc. fades in, or sb fades it in, it gradually becomes louder or clearer （画面）淡入，渐显；（声音）渐强； 使（画面、声音）淡入，渐强 OPP fade out, fade sth out ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► fade-in n [U, C] an act of gradually making a picture appear at the beginning of a scene in a film/movie （画面的）淡入，渐显 fade 'out； .fade out of sth to become quieter, weaker, etc. and gradually disappear 安静下来；逐渐减弱；逐渐消失：The protest eventually faded out. 抗议终于逐渐平息了。 ◊ She looked a strong candidate, but then faded out of the picture. 她一度看上去像个有实力的 候选人，但后来却逐渐无声无息了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep fade out； .fade sth 'out if a sound or a picture in a film/movie, etc. fades out or sb fades it out, it gradually becomes quieter or less clear （画面）淡出，渐隐；（声音）渐 弱；使（画面、声音）淡出，渐弱： Near the end of the song he faded out the music. 他在歌曲的 末尾把音乐逐渐减弱。 OPP fade in, fade sth in ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► fade-out n [U, C] an act of gradually making a picture disappear at the end of a scene in a film/movie （画面的）淡出，渐隐 faff faff /fæf/ faff a bout/a'round （BrE, informal) to waste time doing unimportant things and not get very much done 磨叽；拖拉：Stop faffing about. 别磨磨蹭蹭的。 ♦ v + adv fake fake /feɪk/ fake sb 'out (AmE, informal) to trick sb; to make sb think you are going to do one thing and then do another 蒙骗：(以假动作) 迷惑： He thought I was going to turn left, but I faked him out. 他以为我要向左拐，可我让他上当了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fall fall /fɔːl/ (fell /fel/, fallen /ˈfɔːlən/) fall a'bout (BrE, informal) to laugh a lot 捧腹 大笑；开怀大笑：We all fell about at her idea. 听了她的想法，我们都笑得前仰后合。 ◊ He's rude to the audience and yet they fall about laughing. 他对观众无礼，而观众却哄然大笑。 ♦ v + adv fall part 1 to be old or in bad condition and break or break into pieces 破旧； 破碎：If you buy cheap shoes, they'll fall apart after a few months. 便宜的鞋子几个月就穿破了。 ◊ My dictionary is falling apart now. 我的词典要散架 了。 SYN come apart 2 to have so many problems that it is no longer possible to exist or operate 破裂；崩溃：The whole country's falling apart. 整个国家就要分裂了。 ◊ After my marriage fell apart I moved away. 离婚后我搬 走了。 3 (informal) to have so many problems or worries that you can no longer think or behave normally 精神崩溃：I fell apart when she left. 她离开后我完全垮掉了。 ♦ v + adv IDM be falling apart at the seams to have a lot of problems and be starting to fail 即将失 败；濒临崩溃 fall a way i (from sth) to break off or separ- ate from a surface 剥落； 掉落：The plaster was falling away in big chunks. 灰泥大块大块地剥 落。 2 (of land, a road, etc. 地面、道路等) to slope down 下陡坡：The ground falls away abruptly to the right. 右边的地势陡降。 3 to gradually disappear 逐渐消失；逐渐消散： Gradually, all his cares and worries fell away. 久而久之，他的忧愁烦恼全都烟消云散了。 ◊ When things got difficult, his supporters all fell away. 面临困境时，他的支持者都先后离他而 去。 -> note at DWINDLE AWAY 4 (especially BrE) to get less or smaller 减少；缩小：The number of applicants has fallen away sharply. 申请人数 锐减。-> see also FALL OFF ♦ v + adv fall back i to fail to stay with people at the front in a race (赛跑) 落后：Betts had been leading, but fell back with ten laps to go. 贝茨 原本一路领先，可还剩10圈时却落在后面了。 SYN drop back 2 to move or turn back away from sth or sb 后退；撤退：When the troops moved forward, the crowd fell back. 部队向前移 动，众人纷纷后退。SYN retreat (more formal) 3 (BrE, finance) to decrease in value or amount (价值) 下降；(数量) 减少：Prices rose by more than 10% before falling back slightly. 价格上涨超过10%后略有回落。 ♦ v + adv fall back on sb/sth (also .fall back upon sb/sth more formal) to use sb/sth when the situation is difficult or other people/things have failed 求助于；借助于；转而依靠： It's very hard if you have no family to fall back on. 没有 家人可依靠的话，生活会十分艰难。 ◊ He could always fall back on his old，jokes. 他总会搬出他 那些老掉牙的笑话。 ♦ v + adv + prep ► fallback n a plan or course of action that you can use if sth else fails 应变计划；退路：a fallback position 应变方案 fall behind； .fall behind sb/sth to fail to stay with other people or things, especially in a race or competition 落后；落在...后面：I fell further and further behind. 我落得越来越 远。◊ The industry is falling behind the rest of The industry is falling behind the rest of Europe. 这个行业逐渐落在欧洲其他国家之后。◊ He fell behind the rest of the class. 他落在班里 其他同学后面。 SYN drop behind, drop behind sb/sth -> see also FALL BACK 1 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep fall be hind with/in sth to not do sth or pay sth at the right time 拖欠 (付款)；没有 及时做：She fell behind with the rent. 她拖欠了 租金。◊ He began falling behind in his school- Work 他开始不按时做作业了。 [OBJ] payments, school work ♦ v + adv + prep fall 'down 1 to suddenly stop standing 突然 倒下；坍塌：1 thought the whole house was falling down. 我以为整个房子要塌了。◊ Her legs were so weak that she fell down, on her knees. 她 双腿虚弱难支，突然跪倒在地。 2 to drop to the ground 落下；垂到地面：His trousers were falling down. 他的裤脚拖到了地面。 ◊ A lump of the ceiling fell down. 天花板掉下了一小块。3 be falling down (only used in the progressive tenses 只用于进行时) (of a building 建筑物) to be in extremely bad condition 破烂不堪： It's a beautiful house but it's falling down. 房子十分 漂亮，但摇摇欲坠。 4 (of an idea, an argu- ment, a method, etc. 想法、论点、方法等) to be shown to be not true or not good enough 站不住脚：说不通；不适用：That's where the theory falls down. 这就是该理论不能自圆其说 之处。 ♦ v + adv ► downfall n the loss of sb's power, position, money, etc.; the thing that causes this 衰落： 衰败；垮台；衰落 (或衰败、垮台) 的原因 fall 'down on sth (BrE, informal) to fail to do sth correctly or successfully 没有把...做 好： 把...搞糟：The suggestion was that he was falling down on the job. 言外之意是他活儿干得 不好。 [OBJ] job ♦ v + adv + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 fall down cave in ♦ collapse ♦ fall down ♦ fall over ♦ topple over These verbs are all used to talk about buildings and other structures falling to the ground. 这些动词都表示倒塌、坍塌、倒下。 cave in （of a roof, wall, etc.） to fall down and towards the centre （房顶、墙壁等）塌落， 塌陷，坍塌：The ceiling suddenly caved in on top of them, 天花板突然塌下来，砸到他们 头上。 collapse （of a building, etc.） to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart （建筑物等）突然倒塌，坍塌：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 屋预被雪 压塌了。 fall down to suddenly stop standing 突然倒 下；坍塌：The house looked as if it was about to fall down. 房子看上去要倒塌了。 fall over to become unsteady and fall down 摔倒；倒下: I thought I was going to fall over. 我以为我要跌倒了。 ◊ The chair had fallen over. 椅子倒了。 topple over to become unsteady and fall down 倒塌；倒下：The pile of books toppled over. 那摞书倒了。 WHICH WORD? Only fall down and collapse can be used to talk about whole buildings. Cave in is used with parts of buildings, and fall over and topple over are used to talk about other structures.只有 fall down和collapse 可指整幢建筑物。cave in 用于指建筑物的某个部分，而 fall over 和 topple over 用于指其他结构体。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ a building/house falls down/collapses ■ a roof/wall/ceiling collapses/caves in ■ to completely/suddenly collapse ■ to be about to fall down/fall over/collapse/cave in/topple over fall for sb/sth (informal) to be attracted to sb/sth; to fall in love with sb/sth 倾心于; 迷恋： He fell for a young student. 他爱上了一个年轻 学止。◊ We fell for the farmhouse as soon as we saw it. 我们如那幢农舍一见倾心。 ♦ v + prep fall for sth (informal） to be tricked into believing sth is true when it is not 对...信以为 真：You didn't fall for that old trick, did you? 你 没被那个老花招迷惑住吧？ ♦v + prep fall 'in 1 if a roof or a ceiling falls in, it drops to the ground （顶部或天花板）塌落， 坍塌: The roof of the cave fell in . 洞顶塌了。 2 （of soldiers 士兵）to move into a line 列队；集合 OPP fall out ♦ v + adv fall in with sb （informal to join sb; to become involved with sb 加入；开始与…有牵 连：She fell in with a bad crowd. 她结交了一帮 坏人。 ♦ v + adv + prep fall 'in with sth （BrE） to agree to or support a plan or an idea, especially when you do not really want to （尤指勉强地）同意，赞同：He always expects me to fall in with his plans. 他总 以为我会赞成他的计划。 [OBJ] plans SYN go along with sb/sth ♦ v + adv + prep fall 'into sth 1 to begin to be in a particular state 进入（某种状态）：He fell into a deep sleep. 他沉睡过去。 ◊ The tramway fell into disuse in the 1920s. * 20 世纪 20 年代，有轨电 车被弃用。◊ We mustn't fall into this error （= make this mistake）. 我们绝不能犯这个错。◊ He's fallen into arrears with the rent （= he is late in paying it）. 他拖欠了租金。[OBJ] disuse, disrepair 2 to begin to do sth or become involved in sth 开始做；参与：I fell into the habit of having a nap after dinner. 我养成了晚 饭后小睡的习惯。 ◊ She fell into conversation with her neighbour. 她和邻居聊上了。 the habit of ... , conversation 3 to be able to be divided into sth 可分成：Computer viruses fall into three broad categories. 计算机病毒可分为 三大类。[OBJ] two groups, three categories, etc. 4 to belong to a particular group or class 属于（某团体或类别）：Only 25% of people fall into this group. 只有25%的人属于该群体。 category, group, class, etc. ♦ v + prep fall off to decrease in quantity or quality （数量）减少；（质量）下降：Attendance has fallen off recently. 最近出席人数下滑。 ◊ The standard of cooking fell off when the old chef Left. 原来的厨师离开后，烹饪水平下降了。 SYN drop off -> see also FALL AWAY 4；-> note at DWINDLE AWAY ♦ v + adv ► fall-off （BrE also 'falling-off less frequent） （in/of sth） n [sing.] a decrease in the quality of sth （质基的）下降： a fall-off in attendance/ interest/sales 出席人数 / 兴趣 / 销量的减少 fall off; .fall off sth if sth falls off or falls off sth, it becomes separated from the thing it is joined to （从…）掉下，掉落： The door handle has fallen off. 门把手脱落了。 ◊ Put the picture up properly—we don't want it to fall off the wall. 把画挂好——我们可不想它从墙上掉 下来。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep fall on sb/sth {also 'fall upon sb/sth more formal) (especially BrE) 1 to be the responsi- bility or duty of a particular person or organ- ization (责任或职责) 落在...身上，由...承担: Most of the cost fell on us. 大部分费用由我们负 担。 ◊ When he died, the responsibility of the business fell on his son. 他去世以后，企业由他 儿子负责管理。2 if your eyes fall on sb/sth, you suddenly see or notice them/it (视线) 落在…上： My eye fell on a letter she had left on the table. 我突然看见她留在桌上的一封信。 3 to attack sb/sth with energy or enthusiasm 扑 向；袭击；向…进攻：The children fell on the food with cries of delight. 孩子们欢叫着扑向食 物。 ◊ (figurative) He fell on the drawings and examined them closely. 他扑向那些画，端详起 来。[OBJ] food ♦ v + prep fall out 1 (of hair, teeth, etc. 毛发、牙齿等) to become loose and drop out 掉落；脱落： The chemotherapy made her hair fall out. 化疗使她 脱发了。 2 (with sb) (over/about sth) (espe- cially BrE) to have an argument with sb and stop being friendly with them (与某人) (为 某事) 吵架，闹翻： It's not worth falling out about this. 为这事争吵不值得。 ◊ Why have you fallen out with him? 你为什么和他吵翻了？ ◊ They fell out over their father's will. 他们为父亲 的遗嘱吵了起来。 3 (of soldiers 士兵)to move out of lines 解散；掉队 OPP fall in ♦ v + adv ► falling- out n [sing.] （especially BrE) an argument or disagreement 吵架；闹翻： We've had a bit of a falling-out. 我们拌了 几句嘴。 ► fallout n [U] 1 dangerous (radioactive) dust that is in the air after a nuclear explosion or accident (核爆炸或核事故发生后产生的) 放射性坠尘 2 the bad results of a situation 恶 果；余波： the current crisis and its political fallout 当前危机及其政治影响 fall over 1 to be unable to stay standing and fall to the ground 摔倒；倒下：(especially BrE) He lost his balance and fell over. 他没站稳， 摔 倒了。 ◊ His bike fell over. 他的自行车倒了。 -> note at FALL DOWN 2 (of a computer or program 计算机或程序) to stop working sud- denly (突然) 出故障, 不运转: My spreadsheet keeps falling over. 我的电子制表软件不断出故 障。SYN crash ♦ v + adv fall over sb/sth to hit sb/sth with your foot when you are walking or running and fall or almost fall (几乎) 被…绊倒： Mind you don't fall over the boxes. 小心别让箱子绊倒。 SYN trip over sb/sth ♦ v + prep IDM .fall over yourself to do sth (informal) to be very keen to do sth 渴望；迫不及待: Record- ing companies were falling over themselves to sign the band. 唱片公司竞相和这支乐队签约。 fall through to fail to be completed; to not happen 落空；失败；化为泡影：Our travel plans have fallen through. 我们的旅行计划泡汤了。 ◊ The deal fell through. 交易告吹了。[SUBJ] deal ♦ v + adv fall to sb (to do sth) to become the duty or responsibility of a particular person (职责或 责任) 落在...身上，由...承担：The task of telling them, the news fell to me. 把这件事通 知他们的差事落到了我头上。◊ It falls to the police to ensure that demonstrations are well organized. 警方负责保证示威活动有序进行。 ♦ v + prep fall to sth； fall to doing sth (literary) to start doing sth 开始做；干起来：Little Red Riding Hood and the wolf fell to talking. 小红帽 和大灰狼交谈起来。 ◊ They fell to it with gusto. 他们兴致勃勃地干了起来。 ♦ v + prep fall under sth 1 to belong to or be included in a particular group of things 属于； 归入…之 中：What heading do these items fall under? 这 些项目列入哪个类别？ [OBJ] heading 2 to begin to be controlled or influenced by sb/sth 开始 受到…控制 (或影响)：I realized I was falling under her spell. 我意识到自己被她迷住了。 ◊ The education system fell under the control of the church. 教育体系受教会控制。[OBJ] spell ♦ v + prep fall upon sb/sth -> FALL ON SB/STH familiarize (BrE also familiarise) /fəˈmɪliəraɪz/ familiarize sb/yourself with sth to teach sb about sth or to learn about sth until you know it well (使…) 熟悉，了解： I familiarized myself with everyone's name before the meeting. 我在开会前熟悉了一下每个 人的名字。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep fan fan /fæn/ (-nn-) fan out to spread out over an area from a central point 散开；成扇形展开：Searchers fanned, out over the area where the missing child was last seen. 搜寻人员在失踪儿童最后出 现的地方四散寻找。 ◊ Five main roads fan out from the village. 五条干道从这座村庄通往四面 八方。 ♦ v + adv fan sth 'out if a bird fans out its feathers, it spreads them out (鸟) 展开 (羽毛)：The peacock fanned out its tail. 孔雀开屏了。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv fancy fancy /ˈfænsi/ (fancies, fancying, fancied) fancy sth up (AmE, informal) to make sth look more attractive by adding decoration to it 装饰；装点：I fancied up the dress with some pearls. 我在连衣裙上装点了一些珍珠。 ◊ You don't need to fancy up your web pages. 不必把 网页弄得花里胡哨的。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv farm farm /fɑːm; AmE fɑːrm/ farm sb out （to sb） （informal, disapproving） to arrange for sb you are responsible for, espe- cially a child, to be cared for by other people 托（某人）照看（尤指小孩）；寄养：When he was little, he was often farmed out to family friends. 他年幼时经常交由他家的朋友照看。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n farm sth out （to sb） （informal） to send or give work to other people to do 把（工作）承 包（给某人）：We farm a lot of the work out to other companies. 我们把很多工作外包给了其他 公司。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fart fart /fɑːt; AmE fɑ:rt/ fart around （BrE also ,fart about） （△, slang） to waste time, especially by behaving in a silly way 混日子；鬼混：Stop farting around and behave yourself! 别晃荡了，干点正事吧！ NOTE A more polite, informal way to express this is mess around or, in British English, mess about. 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 mess around 或英国英语中的 mess about。 ♦ v + adv fasten fasten /ˈfɑːsn; AmE ˈfæsn/ fasten on sb/sth; fasten sth on sb/sth if your eyes fasten on sb/sth, or you fasten your eyes on sb/sth, you look at them for a long time 盯住；把（视线）停留在…上：All eyes in the room fastened on me. 一屋子的人都 盯着我看。 ◊ She fastened her gaze on him. 她 久久地凝视着他。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep fasten on/onto sth （also fasten upon sth more formal） 1 to hold sth firmly 握住；抓紧： The cheetah's jaw fastened on the gazelle's throat. 猎豹死死咬住羚羊的喉咙。2 to choose sth and give it all your attention or interest 把 （注意力或兴趣）集中于；对...锲而不舍：When she fastens on an idea, there's no stopping her. 她一旦打定主意，什么也不能阻止她。[OBJ] idea, word, fact ♦ v + prep fasten sth on/onto sb/sth to direct feelings such as blame, hope, etc. towards sb 把（罪责、希望等）归向：The blame hasn't been fastened on anybody yet. 目前尚无人 得咎。 [OBJ]blame, hopes ♦ v + n/pron + prep fasten 'up; .fasten sth up （BrE） to close, or to make sth close, with buttons, etc. （把…）扣紧，系牢: The dress fastens up at the front. 这条连衣裙是在前面系扣的。 ◊ Fasten your jacket up—it's getting cold. 把你的夹克衫 扣好——天冷了。 [OBJ] jacket, coat SYN do up, do sth up （espe- cially BrE） NOTE Fasten and fasten sth can also be used on their own with the same meaning. * fasten 和fasten sth 单使用也可作此义。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fasten upon sth -> FASTEN ON/ONTO STH fathom fathom /ˈfæðəm/ fathom sb/sth out （BrE） to understand how sb thinks and acts; to find an explanation for sth 理解，弄清（某人的想法和行为）；找出 （某事的）真相：I can't fathom her out—she says one thing then does another. 我琢磨不透 她——她说的是一套，做的是另一套。 ◊ Have you fathomed out how to work the video yet? 你 搞明白如何操作录像机了吗？ SYN work sb out; work sth out NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv fatten fatten /fæt(ə)n/ fatten up; fatten sb/sth up to become fatter; to give an animal or a person a lot of food so that they become fatter （使）长胖； 养肥；育肥：The sheep fattened up quickly. 羊 上膘很快。◊ We're fattening the livestock up for slaughter. 我们要把这些牲畜养肥，准备以后 宰杀。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fax fax /fæks/ heh A fax is a message sent using a machine that sends and receives messages or docu- ments along telephone wires and then prints them.* fax 指传真。 fax in; fax sth in to send a fax to an organization, a company, a television or radio programme, etc.（把…）以传真发送：Viewers are invited to fax in with their comments. 欢迎 观众发传真来提出意见。 ◊ Orders can be either phoned or faxed in to us. 可给我们打电话或发 传真订货。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fax sth on （to sb/sth） to send a fax that you have received to sb else for them to see or deal with 把（收到的传真）转发（给…）： Please email or fax this on to a friend. 请把此条 信息用电子邮件或传真转发给朋友。 fax sth out to send a fax to a large number of people at the same time 以传真散发（信息）： Draft proposals will be faxed out for comment at the end of May. 草案将在5月底用传真发给 大家评议。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fax sth 'through to send sb a fax with details of or information about sth 以传真发送 （详情等） ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fear fear /fɪə(r); AmE fɪr/ fear for sb/sth （literary） to be anxious or worried about sb/sth 为...担心；为…忧虑: I fear for her safety. 我担心她的安全。 ◊ When he's away at sea, I really fear for him. 他出海 时，我真是为他提心吊胆。 [OBJ] life, safety, future ♦ v + prep feed feed /fi:d/ （fed, fed /fed/） feed 'back （into/to sth） if sth feeds back to/into sth, it returns to the place, situation, idea, etc. that it started from and has an effect, usually a good one, on its development 反过来带动；反过来影响：Rising import prices tend to feed back into domestic prices. 进口价格 上升会导致国内价格上涨。 ◊ What the audience says feeds back into the development of the pro- gramme. 观众的反馈有助于这个节目的改进。 ♦ v + adv feed sth back （to sb） to give information, advice or opinions about a product, sb's work, etc., especially so that it can be improved 反 惯（信息、建议或意见）（给某人）：We will feed this information back to the company. 我 们会把这一情况反馈给公司。 ◊ The results of the tests will be fed back to the schools. 考试成绩将 反馈给各学校。 [OBJ] information ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► feedback n [U] 1 information, advice or opinions about how good a product, sb's work, etc. is 反馈的信息（或建议、意见）：We got a lot of positive feedback about the pro- gramme. 这个节目收到很多正面反馈意见。 2 an unpleasant noise produced by some elec- trical equipment when some of the power returns to the system （电器的）回传噪声 feed sth in； .feed A 'into B; feed B with A to put sth into a machine 将…放进 （机器）：You'll need to feed the paper in by hand. 你得手动进纸。 ◊ to feed information into a computer 将信息输入计算机。 ◊ He fed coins into the meter. 他往停车收费器里投入硬币。 ◊ 版fed the meter with coins. 他往停车收费器里投入 硬币。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep feed 'into sth to have an influence on the development of sth 对（事物的发展）产生影响: The report's findings will feed into company policy. 报告结论将影响公司政策。 ♦ v + prep feed on/off sth 1 （of an animal, etc. 动物等） to use sth as food; to eat sth; to get strength from sth 以…为食；靠…生长：This bat feeds on fruit. 这种蝙蝠吃水果。 2 （disapproving） to become stronger because of sth else 因…而壮 大：The media feed off each other's stories. 媒体 靠相互采用对方的报道而生存。 ♦ v + prep feed 'through （to sb/sth/into sth） to reach sb/sth after going through a process or a system （在…身上）逐渐产生影响：Rises in prices feed through to higher wage claims, 物价 上涨导致人们要求加薪。 ◊ It will take time for the higher rates to feed through to investors. 提 高利率的效应需要-些时日传导到投资者。 ♦ v + adv feed sb/sth up （BrE） to give extra food to a person or an animal to make them stronger and more healthy （增加进食）养胖、养壮； （增加喂食）养肥：You need feeding up a bit. 你 需要多吃点。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n feel feel /[fiːl/ （felt, felt /felt/） feel for sb to have sympathy for sb 同情，怜 悯, 体谅（某人）：I really felt for her, bringing up her children alone. 她独力抚养孩子，我非常 同情她。 ◊ I do feel for you, honestly. 说真的， 我很同情你。 ♦ v + prep feel sb 'out （AmE, informal） to try to dis- cover sb's views, opinions, etc. on sth, espe- cially in an indirect way （尤指间接地）揣 测，探明，摸清（某人的看法等）：You have to feel them out and figure out whether they want to talk to you. 你得探探他们的口气，弄清他们 是否想与你交谈。 SYN sound sb/sth out （formal） ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv feel sb up （informal） to touch sb in a sexual way when they do not want you to 猥亵； 性 骚扰 ♦ v + n/pron + adv feel up to sth; ,feel up to doing sth to feel capable of doing sth, physically or mentally 觉得（身体上或精神上）能胜任: If you feel up to it, we could walk into town. 如果你 觉得没问题，我们可以步行进城。 ◊ I don't really feel up to seeing anyone. 我实在没心情见任 何人。 ♦ v + adv + prep fence fence /fens/ fence sb in to restrict sb's freedom 限制（某 人）的自由：We've been fenced in by rules and regulations for too long. 我们被条条框框束缚得 太久了。 SYN hem sb/sth in NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fence sth 'in to surround sth with a fence （用栅栏等）围住，圈住：The grounds are fenced in by barbed wire. 那些地用带刺铁丝网 围住了。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fence sth off to separate one area from another with a fence, often to stop people or animals from entering （用栅栏等）隔开： We've fenced off the vegetable patch to stop the rabbits from getting in. 我们把菜地围了起来， 不让兔子进去。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv fend fend /fend/ fend for your'self to take care of yourself without needing any help from other people 照料自己；自谋生计：独自谋生： We were brought up to fend for ourselves when we were still quite young. 我们很小的时候就学习自 己的事自己做。 ♦ v + prep + pron fend sb/sth off to defend or protect your- self from sb/sth 躲开；抵挡：The minister had to fend off some awkward questions. 部长不得 不回避一些尴尬的问题。 ◊ She managed to fend her attackers off for some time. 她设法抵挡了一 阵，令袭击者难以靠近。 ◊ She held up her arm to fend him off. 她抬起胳膊挡开他。 [OBJ] attack, question, criticism ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron 十 adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) ferret ferret /tent/ ferret out sth (informal) to discover sth by searching thoroughly or asking a lot of questions 搜出；查获：She's determined to ferret out the truth. 她决心查明真相。 [OBJ] information, the truth NOTE When the object of ferret out is a noun, it comes after out, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between ferret and out * ferret out 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 out 之 后；但如果是代词，应置于 ferret 和 out 之间：It took us a while to ferret it out. 我们花了点时间 才搞清楚。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv fess fess /fes/ fess up (to sth)/(to sb) (about sth) (informal, especially AmE) to admit that you have done sth wrong 承认, 坦白 (过错)：Come on, fess up. I know there's something you're not telling me. 快点，招了吧。我知道你有事瞒着 我。 ◊ How many stolen cars did they fess up to? 他们供认偷了多少辆车？ SYN own up (to sth/to doing sth); confess (to sth/to doing sth) (more formal) -> note at ADMIT TO STH ♦ v + adv fetch fetch /fetʃ/ fetch up (informal, especially BrE) to arrive somewhere by chance 偶然来到；意外到达： The boat finally fetched up on a sandy beach.船 最后停到了一处沙滩上。◊ He travelled around Europe for a while and finally fetched up in Naples. 他在欧洲旅行了一段时间，最后不知不 觉到了那不勒斯。 SYN end up ♦ v + adv fiddle fiddle /ˈfɪdl/ fiddle a bout/a round (BrE, informal) to spend your time doing nothing or doing sth that is not important 虚度光阴；鬼混：He's fiddling around in the garage. 他在车库没事 瞎忙。 SYN mess around ♦ v + adv fight fight /faɪt/ (fought, fought /fɔːt/) fight back (against sb/sth) to defend yourself with actions or words when sb attacks you or causes problems 抵抗； 还击: The team fought back to win the game. 该队奋 力反击以羸得比赛。 ◊ Don't let them bully you. Fight back! 别让他们欺侮你。要还击！ ♦ v + adv fight back sth to try hard not to show your feelings or not to do sth 克制 (情感)；忍住 (不做某事)：She tried to fight back the tears. 她强忍住泪水。 [OBJ] tears, urge NOTE When t±ie object of fight back is a noun, it comes after back, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between fight and back ♦ fight back 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 back 之 后；但如果是代词，应置于 fight 和 back 之间： The tears came, but she fought them back. 泪水 涌出，但她还是竭力忍住。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv fight down sth to try hard not to show an emotion that you are starting to feel 抑制， 忍住 (即将发作的情绪)：He fought: down a rush of panic. 他强压住心头的一阵恐慌。 ◊ She fought down the anger that was rising in her. 她 压下胸中燃起的怒火。 [OBJ] desire, impulse, panic NOTE When the object of fight down is a noun, it comes after down, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between fight and down ♦ fight down 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 down 之后；但如果是代词，应置于 fight 和 down 之间： A feeling of rage rose in her, but she fought it down. 她怒火中烧，但还是克制住了。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv fight sb/sth 'off to resist sb/sth or make them/it go away, by fighting against them/it 抵抗； 击退：She managed to fight her attackers off. 她设法打跑了袭击她的人。◊ The company fought off tough competition, 公司挫败了强有力 的竞争。 [OBJ] attack, illness ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fight out sth; fight it out to fight or argue about sth until it is settled 打出个结果； 争辩个明白：We mustn't interfere. Let them fight it out between themselves. 我们不应介入。让他 们自己摆平。 ◊ The teams fought out a 0-0 draw. 两队 0:0 打成了平局。 [OBJ] battle, struggle, draw NOTE When the object of fight out is a noun, it comes after out, but when the object is the pronoun it, it comes between fight and out. ♦ fight out 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 out 之 后；但如果是代词，应置于 fight 和 out 之间。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv figure figure /ˈfɪɡə(r); AmE ˈfɪɡjər/ figure on sth; figure on sb/sth doing sth （informal, especially AmE） to include sth in your plans; to plan sth 把...考虑在内；计划: We hadn't figured on a long delay at the airport. 我们没有估计到在机场会耽搁很久。 ◊ I figure on being in New York in January. 我打算 1月去纽约。 ♦ v + prep figure sb/sth 'out to come to understand sb/sth by thinking carefully 想明白；领会到； 了解：I could never figure him out. 我永远无法 理解他。 ◊ Can you figure out what's going on? 你能搞清楚现在的情况吗？ SYN work sb out; work sth out v note at WORK STH OUT NOTE Figure out is often followed by a ques- tion word such as how, what, why, etc * figure out 常后接 how、what、why 等疑问词：I can't figure out why he quit his job. 我弄不懂他为什 么辞职。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n figure sth 'out to calculate the total amount of sth 算出（总额）：Have you figured out how much it will cost? 你计算出要花多少钱了吗？ SYN work sth out NOTE Figure out is often followed by a ques- tion word such as what, how much, etc. ♦ figure out 常后接 what、how much 等疑问词。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv file file /fan/ file sth a'way to put papers, documents, etc. away in a place where you can find them easily 把（文件等）归档：Everything is filed away in drawers, 所有的文档都存放在抽屉里。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fill fill /fɪl/ fill in （for sb） to take sb's place for a short time and do the work they normally do 临 时补（某人的）缺；暂时代替（某人）： Who's filling in for you while you're away? 你不在的 时候由谁临时顶替？ ♦ v + adv fill sb in （on sth） to give sb all the details about sth that has happened 向…提供（详情）： Can you fill me in on what's been happening while I was away? 把我外出期间发生的情况详 细告诉我好吗？ ♦ v+ n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fill sth in 1 （also fill sth 'out especially AmE） to complete a form, etc. by writing informal- tion on it 填写，填好（表格等）：You could fill in an application form now. 你可以现在填写申 请表。 ◊ Fill in the blank spaces with one of these words. 选词填空。 ◊ I've left gaps on the sheet for you to fill in the details. 我在纸上留出 了空白，供你填写细节。[OBJ] form, details 2 to fill sth, such as a hole, a crack, etc. completely with a substance 填塞，填补（洞隙等）：We'll have to fill the holes in with cement 我们得用 水泥堵上这些洞。[OBJ] hole, crack 3 （especially BrE） to spend time while you are waiting for sb/sth （等待期间）消磨，打发（时间）：How shall we fill in the time until he arrives? 我们该 如何打发他来之前的这段时间啊? ♦ v + adv + n・ v + n/pron + adv （less frequent） fill 'out to become larger, rounder or fatter 长 大；变丰满; 长肥：The baby's filled out a lot recently. 婴儿最近胖多了。 ♦ v + adv fill sth 'out 1 to make sth larger or more complete 扩充；增补: We'll need to fill the story out to make a full page article. 我们得把这篇报 道扩充成一篇整版的文章。 2 （especially AmE） -> FILL STH IN 1 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fill up; fill sth up 1 （with sb/sth） if a container or a place fills up or sb fills it up, it becomes completely full 占满（容器或地 方）；满是（人或物）：The restaurant was beginning to fill up. 餐馆快满座了。 ◊ She filled her glass up again. 她又斟满一杯。 ◊ People began filling up the empty seats. 人们开始坐满 空位。 2 （with sth） to fill your vehicle with petrol/gas, etc. 装满（汽油等）：I need to fill up with petrol before we go. 我们出发前，我得 加满油。 ◊ Fill the tank up with diesel. 把油箱 装满柴油。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► fill-up n (AmE） the action of filling sth, particularly of filling a car with petrol/gas 填 充；（尤指汽车的）加油 fill sb/yourself up to give sb a lot of food so that they feel full; to eat as much as you can （使）吃个饱，尽情地吃：The meals at school never fill me up. 学校的饭菜从未让我填 饱过肚子。 ◊ Eat lots of pasta to fill yourself up. 多吃通心粉，吃饱肚子。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv filter filter/ˈfɪltə(r)/ A filter is a device containing paper, sand, etc., or a substance used to remove unwanted substances. * filter 指过滤器。 filter sth 'out to remove sth using a filter 过 滤掉：Use a sun cream to filter out ultraviolet rays. 用防晒霜遮挡紫外线。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv find find /faɪnd/ （found, found /faʊnd/） find against sb （Jaw） to decide in court that sb is guilty 作出不利于…的裁决； 判…败 诉；判…有罪：The court found against the defendant. 法庭判被告有罪。 ♦ v + prep find for sb （law） to decide in court that sb is innocent 作出有利于…的裁决；判…胜诉； 判…无罪：The jury found for the defendant. 陪 审团裁定被告无罪。 ♦ v + prep find out; .find sth out to learn a fact, a piece of information, or the truth about sth/sb 获知，查明，弄清（真相等）：She won't be happy when she finds out about this. 她知道这事的话会不高兴的。◊ What did she say? ' You'll find out soon enough.' "她说了 些什么?” “你很快就会知道的。" ◊ When did you find out (that) she was ill? 你什么时候得 知她生病的？ ◊ I never found out exactly what happened. 我从未弄清楚到底发生了什么 事。 ◊ How did you find that out? 你是怎样发现 这个情况的？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) SYNONYMS同义词辨析 find sth out discover sth ♦ find sth out ♦ hear about sb/sth ♦ learn of sth These verbs all mean to find information by being told by sb, reading, etc 这些动词都表示 获悉、得知、查明。 discover sth to find some information about sth 发现；发觉：We never discovered why she gave up her job. 她为何辞职，我们一直闹不明 白。 ◊ It was later discovered that the diaries were a fraud. 后来发现该日记系伪造。 find sth out to find some information about sth by asking, reading, etc. 获知；查明；弄清: She didn't want her parents to find out about the relationship. 她不想让她父母知道这层关 系。 ◊ We later found out that we'd been at the same school. 我们后来发现我们曾经上过同一 所学校。 hear about sb/sth to be told about sb/sth 获 悉；得知：I was sorry to hear about your accident off 听说你出了车祸，我很难过。 NOTE Hear can be used on its own with a clause * hear 可单独接从句：I was surprised to hear (that) they'd got married. 听说他和结婚 了。 我很吃惊。 learn of sth to become aware of sth by hearing it from sb else 获悉；听说：I learnt of her arrival from a close friend. 从一位密友那 里，我得知她来了。NOTE Learn can be used on its own with a clause * learn 可单独接从句: We were surprised to learn (that) that they're now divorced. 听说他们现在离婚了，我们很 吃惊。 WHICH WORD? Find out is often used with question words such as how, what, when, etc. * find out 常与 how、what, when 等疑问词连用：Did you ever find out who did it? 你查清了是谁干的没有？ If you find sth out, you do so either by chance or by asking or studying. You can discover a piece of information that other people know but you didn't. Hear about sth and learn of sth are used to talk about news that is freely available. * find sth out 指事出偶然或者通过询问或调查得 知某事。discover 可用于指从别人处获知未掌握 的信息。hear about sth和learn of sth 用于指获 取公开信息。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to quickly/soon/eventually find out/dis- cover... ■ to be surprised/amazed/fascinated to hear/discover/learn ... ■ to be delighted/glad/pleased to hear/discover/learn ... ■ to be dismayed/horrified/shocked to hear/discover/learn ... ■ to be saddened/sorry to hear/learn ... ■ to aim/try/attempt to find out/discover... find sb 'out (informal) to discover that sb has been dishonest or has done sth wrong 查 出，识破 (环人)：If you're ever found out, you'll go to prison. 一旦被发现，你要坐牢的。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv finish finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ finish off (with sth), finish sth off (with sth) (informal) to have sth as the last part of sth; to make sth end by doing one last thing (以…) 结束；完成：After a delicious meal we finished off with coffee and mints. 吃完美味可 口的饭菜之后，我们喝了咖啡, 吃了薄荷糖。 ◊ The concert finished off with the band's latest hit. 演唱会以乐队的最新热门曲目压轴. ◊ The band finished off the show with their latest hit. 乐队用自己的最新热门曲目结束表演。◊ I have to go now, can 1 leave you to finish off? 我得走 了，你留下收尾好吗？ ◊ Her outfit was finished off with navy shoes. 她穿上藏青色的鞋字，整装 完毕。 NOTE Finish and finish sth are also used on their own with almost the same meaning. * finish 和 finish sth 单独使用也作此义。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n finish sb 'off (informal to make sb so unhappy, tired, etc. that they cannot continue what they are doing 使垂头丧气；使筋疲力 尽；使支撑不下去：Running in that: heat nearly finished him off. 冒着那种酷热跑步差点让他撑 不住。 NOTE Finish sb can also be used on its own with almost the same meaning. * finish sb 单 独使用也作此义。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) finish sb/sth 'off (informal) 1 to destroy or kill sb/sth, especially sb/sth that is already injured 毁掉，杀死 (尤指已严重受伤者或严重 受损的事物)：He thought the soldiers would come back and finish him off. 他以为那些士兵 会回来干掉他。 ◊ We ought to finish the poor animal off. 我们应该帮这只可怜的动物结束性 命。◊ (figurative) The business had been finished off by financial difficulties. 企业最终因 财务困难而倒闭。 2 (sport) to defeat a person or team that you are competing against 打 败，挫败 (对手)： Murray finished him off in three sets. 穆雷直落三盘击败了他。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n finish sth 'off 1 to complete sth 完成：I'm going to try and finish off my work tonight. 我 今晚要争取把活儿干完。 2 to use the last part of sth, especially food or drink 用完，用光 (尤指食物或饮料)： He's finished off all the ice cream! 他把所有冰激凌一扫而光！ NOTE Finish sth is used on its own with almost the same meaning. * finish sth 单独使用也作 此义。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n finish 'up 1 [+ adj/prep] (also finish up doing sth) (especially BrE) to reach or come to a particular place, state or situation after a long series of events, often without planning it 最终来到；结果成为；以…终结：He lost control of the car and finished up in the river. 他开车失 控, 栽进了河里。 ◊ She started out washing dishes and finished up as a chef. 她从洗盘子干 起，最后成了厨师。 ◊ they all went home and I finished up doing most of the cleaning. 他们都 回家了，到头来清扫的活儿大部分是我干了。 SYN end up; wind up (informal) 2 (AmE) to complete what you are doing; to do the last part of sth 完成 (手头的工作)； 作最后加工: I'll finish up here and join you later. 我把这里 的活儿干完就去找你。 ♦ 1 v + adv ♦ v + adv + -ing ♦ 2 v + adv finish sth up (especially AmE) to do the last part of sth; to use what is left of sth 对…作最 后加工；用…最后的部分：He stayed home to finish up his assignment. 他呆在家里完成作业。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) finish with sb (informal) 1 (BrE to end a relationship with sb 与…断绝关系：I've finished with Antonia. 我和安东尼娅芬手了。 SYN break up (with sb) 2 to stop punishing sb 停止 处罚；不再惩罚：He'll never do that again once I've finished with him! 等我教训过他以后，他再 也不会干那事了！ ♦ v + prep finish with sth 1 to no longer need to use sth 不再需用 (某物)：Can you wash your cup when you've finished with it? 杯子用过后洗洗好 吗？ ◊ Can I keep the book a little longer? I haven't finished with it yet. 我能把书再保留一 段时间吗？我还没看完呢。NOTE Usually used in the perfect tenses. 通常用于完成时。 2 (BrE, informal) to stop doing sth because you no longer want to do it or enjoy it 不再做 (某事): He said he was finished with football”. 他说他再 也不踢足球了。 NOTE Usually used in the perfect tenses or in the form be finished with sth. 通常用于完成时或用 be finished with sth 的 形式。 ♦ v + prep fire fire /ˈfaɪə(r)/ fire a way (informal) used to tell sb to begin asking questions or to begin to speak 请问 吧；请说吧：'Can I ask you some questions?' fire away!' “我能提几个问题吗？" “问吧！” ♦v + adv fire sth off 1 to shoot a bullet from a gun 开 火；射击：He fired off a volley of shots. 他举 枪连射。[OBJ] gun, shot 2 to ask a lot of questions, etc. quickly, one after the other 连 珠炮似的发问：He fired off a series of questions. 他接二连三提了一连串问题。[OBJ] questions 3 to write a letter, report, etc. quickly, often because you are angry (常指愤怒地) 奋笔疾 书：She would fire off a letter of protest in. the morning. 她上午要秉笔直书一笔抗议信。[OBJ] letter 4 if you fire off an email, you send it 发 出，发送 (电子邮件)： I'm going to fire off an email to a newsgroup. 我要给新闻组发一封电子 邮件。[OBJ] email ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) fire sb/sth 'up to make sb/sth become excited or enthusiastic about sth 使激动万分； 使激情澎湃：The manager fired the team up at halftime. 主教练在中场休息时鼓舞了全队的 士气。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv • v + adv + n ► fired up adj: She felt fired up by the challenge the new job presented. 新工作带来的 挑战令她兴奋不已。 flre sth 'up 1 (AmE) to light a fire; to make sth hot 点然，加热：I'll get the burgers—you fire up the grill. 我去拿汉堡 —— 你给烤架生 火。 2 (especially AmE) to start a machine, piece of equipment, computer program, etc. 发动，启动 (机器、设备、计算机程序等)：We need to fire up one of the generators. 我们需要 启动一台发电机。 ◊ Let me fire up another window (= on the computer screen). 让我再开 一个窗口。[OBJ] engine ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv firm firm /fɜːm; AmE fɜːrm/ firm sth *up (also .firm up less frequent) 1 if sb firms up an arrangement, an agreement, etc. it becomes more definite or less likely to change 落实，敲定 (安排、协议等)：I'll phone on the 25th to firm up the details of the meet- ing. 我 25 号会打电话确认会议细节。 ◊ Prices will firm up later this year. 今年晚些时候会确 定价格。[OBJ] plans, agreement 2 to make sth, especially part of the body harder, or more solid 使 (尤指身体部位) 坚实；使坚硬；使牢固： These exercises will firm up those difficult areas of your body. 这些运动会使有问题的身体部位变 结实。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （rare） ♦ v + adv fish fish /fɪʃ/ fish for sth （often used in the progressive tenses 常用于进行船 to try to make sb tell you sth, say sth nice to you, etc. by asking them a question 探听（消息）；间接引出（美言）：Are you fishing for compliments? 你是拐弯抹角想让 我说奉承话吧？ [OBJ] information, compliment SYN angle for sth ♦ v+ prep fish sb/sth out； ,fish sb/sth out of sth to take or pull sb/sth out of somewhere （从…中）取出，拖出：He fished some change out of his pocket. 他从衣兜里摸出一些零钱。 ◊ Several days later his car was fished out of the river. 几天后他的车从河里打捞了上来。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep fit fit /fɪt/ （fitting, fitted, fitted, AmE usually fitting, fit, fit except in the passive） fit in （with sth） if sth fits in, it looks pleasant or suitable with other things or in a particular place （与…）协调，融合: The building doesn't fit in with the surrounding area. 该建筑和周围 环境格格不入。◊ It's an old house, but our furniture fits in welL 房子是旧的，可和我们的 家具很搭配。 ♦ v + adv fit 'in； ,fit into sth 1 to be the right size or shape to go in a particular place 放得下；摆得 开：Will all your furniture fit in? 你的家具全 都摆得下吗？ ◊ The piano wouldn't fit into the room. 房间里搁不下这架钢琴。 2 to live or work easily and naturally with a group of people （与他人）合得来，和睦相处；适应： Tim never fitted in at college. 蒂姆一直没能适应 大学生活。 ◊ Jane fitted in well with the rest of the staff. 简和其他职员相处融逐。 ◊ She's fitted into the team well. 她已经完全融入该队。 3 to have a particular role or part in a plan, a situation, etc.（在计划、情况等中）担当某角色： Where does he fit in? 他可以起到什么作用？ ◊ I like to know where I fit in. and what I have to do, 我想知道我的岗位和任务是什么。 ◊ Where do I fit into all this? 在这当中我该发挥什么 作用？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep fit sb/sth in； fit sb/sth 'into sth 1 to find a place for sb/sth, especially when there is not much space 把...放进（有限的空间）； 把...置于（有限的位置）：We can't fit a sofa in here. 这里放不下沙发。 ◊ We will try to fit you in somewhere in the organization. 我们将设法 把你安排进这个机构。SYN get sb in, get sb into sth; get sth in, get sth into sth 2 to manage to find time to see sb or to do sth 找 出时间（见某人或做某事）：The nurse will fit you in between other appointments. 护士会把 你安排进其他预约的空当里。 ◊ How do you manage to fit so much into your day? 你怎么能 在一天中安排下这么多事情？ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep fit 'in with sth 1 if an activity or event fits in with sth else, they exist or happen together in an easy or convenient way （活动或事情） 与...相宜，适合： My job fits in with looking after my family. 我的工作不耽误照顾家庭。 2 to adapt to what sb else is planning or to sb else's way of doing things 与（他人的计划或行 事方式）一致起来；适应：They've got to learn to fit in with our methods. 他们必须学会顺应我 们的方法。 ◊ I'll fit in with what you want to do. 我会根据你的要求作出调整。 3 to agree with ideas or information that you already have about sb/sth 与（已有的想涂或信息）一 致；与...吻合；符合：That fits in with every- thing I've heard about her. 这与我对她的了解完 全相符。 ♦ v + adv + prep fit sb/sth out （also .fit sb/sth up） （with sth） to supply sb/sth with the clothes, food, equipment, etc. they need 向...提供所需物品 （如衣服、食物、装备等）：The ship had to be fitted out before the voyage. 轮船也航前一定要 配备好必需品。 ◊ the high cost of fitting out offices 置办办公室设备的高额费用 ◊ We fitted him out with a set of dry clothes. 我们给他换了 套干衣服。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv fit sb up （for sth） （BrE, informal） to make sb appear to be guilty of a crime that they have not committed 诬陷某人（犯有某项罪行）；嫁 祸于某人：They're trying to fit me up for the theft 他们企图把偷盗的罪名栽到我头上。 SYN frame sb (more formal) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fit sb/sth up, etc. -> FIT SB/STH OUT, ETC. fix fix /fɪks/ fix on sth to decide to choose sth 选定；决定： We haven't fixed on a date for the meeting yet. 我们尚未确定会议日期。 SYN decide on/upon sth; settle on/upon sth ♦ v + prep fix sth on sb/sth if you fix your eyes or your mind on sb/sth, you look at or think about them/it with great attention 集中 （目光、思想、注意力等）于；全神贯注于：She fixed her eyes on his face. 她凝视着他的脸。◊ His attention was fixed on a dark car. 他目不转 睛地盯着一辆黑色轿车。 [OBJ] eyes, gaze, attention NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep fix sb up； .fix yourself up （informal） 1 （with sth） to arrange for sb to have sth; to provide sb with sth 给…准备; 向…提供; 安顿: I can fix you up with somewhere to stay. 我可以 给你安排住处。 ◊ I hope she soon gets herself fixed up with a job. 我希望她很快找到工作。 NOTE In informal spoken language fix sb up sth is also used 非正式口语也说 fix sb up sth: Can you fix me up an appointment for tomorrow? 能把我的预约安排在明天吗？ 2 （with sb） to arrange for sb to meet sb who might become a boyfriend or girlfriend 给...介 绍（男友或女友）：My brother says he wants me to fix him up with one of my friends. 我哥哥 说他想让我把他介绍给我的一位朋友。 -> see also FIX YOURSELF UP; FIX STH UP 1; FIX UP TO DO STH, FIX UP FOR SB TO DO STH ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （less frequent） fix sth up 1 to arrange or organize sth; to arrange for sb to have sth 安排；组织；提供； 准备：Have you fixed your holiday up yet? 你安 排好假期了吗？ ◊ Shall we fix up a meeting for next week? 我们下个星期开个会好吗？ [OBJ] meeting SYN arrange sth -> see also FIX UP TO DO STH, FIX UP FOR SB TO DO STH 2 （especially AmE） to repair, decorate, etc. a room of a house 维修，装饰（房屋）：they spent £30000 fixing up their house. 他们花了 3 万英镑整修房 子。 ◊ We fixed up the attic as a study. 我们把 阁楼装修成书房。[OBJ] house, room SYN sth up （BrE） 3 （especially BrE） to build or make sth quickly; to make sth ready 迅速建起（或造 出）；备妥：We fixed up a shelter for the night 我们匆匆搭了个棚子过夜。 ♦ v + adv + n ・v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （less frequent） fix yourself up （AmE, informal） to make yourself neat and attractive 打扮；梳妆：Can you wait? I'll just go and fix myself up. 等一下 好吗？我这就去梳洗一下。 -> see also FIX SB UP, FIX YOURSELF UP ♦ v + pron + adv six up to do sth; fix up for sb to do sth （BrE, informal） to make arrangements to do sth or for sb to do sth 安排（某人）做（某 事）: He's fixed up for her to see the doctor on Thursday. 他已经安排她星期四看医生。 ◊ I've fixed up with the school to start in September. 我和学校商定9月开始。 SYN arrange （for sb） to do sth -> see also FIX STH UP 1; FIX SB UP, ETC. ♦ v + adv + to +inf ♦ v + adv + prep + n/pron + to +inf fix sb with sth （formal） if you fix sb with a look, etc., you look at them directly for a long time 把（目光等）停留在（某人）身上：She fixed him with a cold stare. 她冷冷地注视着他。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep fizzle fizzle /ˈfɪzl/ fizzle 'out （informal） to fail or to end in a weak or disappointing way, often after having started strongly （顺利开始后）最终失败，终 成泡影；虎头蛇尾：The romance fizzled out after a month. 这段恋情一个月后如结束了。◊ The coup attempt soon fizzled out.政变不久就 失败 了。 -> note at PETER OUT ♦ v + adv flag flag /flæɡ/ （-gg-） flag sb/sth 'down to signal to the driver of a moving vehicle to stop, usually by waving your arm （挥手）示意（人或车）停车：He managed to flag down a passing motorist. 他招 手让一位过路的司机把车停下来。 ◊ The police were flagging down all heavy goods vehicles. 警 察在挥手阻拦所有重型货车。 [OBJ]taxi/cab, motorist SYN wave sb/sth down ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv flag sth up to draw attention to sth 提醒注 意（某事物）；引起关注（某事物）：The report flagged up the dangers of under-age drinking. 报告呼吁人们关注未成年人饮酒的危害。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv flake flake /fleɪk/ flake 'out （informal） 1 to collapse or fall asleep because you are very tired （疲倦得） 倒下，睡着：I was so exhausted that I flaked ouc on the sofa. 我筋疲力尽，倒在沙发上睡着了。2 （AmE） to begin to behave in a strange way 行 为古怪起来；举止变得乖张。 ♦ v + adv flame flame /fleɪm/ flame out （AmE） to fail, especially after succeeding for a while （尤指一时成功之后） 失败；好景不长：The team routinely wins 50 or 60 games in the season and then flames out in the play-offs. 该队一个赛季通常能赢下 50 或 60 场比赛，而在季后赛中就会一败涂地。 ♦ v + adv ► flameout n [C, U]: Hollywood is experi- encing box-office flameout. Fans love DVDs but not movie theaters. 好莱坞票房正在萎缩。影迷 钟情于影碟，而不是影院。 flare flare /fleə(r); AmE fler/ flare up 1 （of flames, a fire, etc. 火焰、火等） to suddenly bum more strongly 突然旺起 来：The fire flared up as I added more wood. 我添了些木柴，火顿时旺起来。2 if fighting, tension, anger, etc. flares up, it starts very suddenly and violently （战斗 紧张状态、怒 火等）爆发，加剧：Violence flared up in several cities. 多座城市突然发生暴力事件。 ◊ The dispute could flare up into a major crisis. 这 一争端可能激化，演变为一场重大危机。 3 if a person flares up, they show sudden anger towards sb 突然发怒：He flared up in a fury and shouted at her. 他一下子火冒三丈，对她夫喊大 叫。 4 if an illness or injury flares up, it suddenly starts again or becomes worse （疾 病或损伤）复发，恶化： Her asthma has flared up again. 她的哮喘病又犯了。 ♦ v + adv ► flare-up n [usually sing.] 1 a sudden expression of anger, violent feeling, etc.（怒 火、强烈感情等的）爆发：the latest flare-up between the two countries 两国间新近爆发的不 和 2 an occasion when an illness or injury starts again or quickly becomes worse （疾病 的）复发；（损伤的）迅速恶化 flash flash /flæʃ/ flash sth a round （also .flash sth a'bout especially BrE） （disapproving） to show sth valuable, especially money or jewelry to people, or let them see it, to impress them 炫耀，炫示（尤指金钱或珠宝）：Stop flashing your money around. 别到处炫富了。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv flash back （to sth） if your mind or your thoughts flash back to sth that happened in the past, you suddenly remember it 回想；回 顾：My mind flashed back to my first day at college. 我回忆起上大学第一天的情景。 ♦ v + adv ► flashback n 1 [C, U] a scene in a film/movie, book, etc. which shows sth that happened earlier （电影、书等的）闪回，倒叙 2 a sudden, very clear, strong memory of sth that happened to you in the past that is so real you feel that you are living through the experience again （往事的）闪回，再现眼前， 浮现脑海：She still has nightmares and vivid flashbacks of the accident. 她依然做噩梦，那次 事故的情景历历在目。 flash by/1 past; flash 'by/'past sb/sth to go or pass very quickly; to go very quickly past sb/sth 飞驰；飞逝；掠过：The days just flashed by. 日子转眼就过去了。 ◊ She watched the scenery flash past the train window. 她看着 风景在火车窗外飞掠而过。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep flash forward （to sth） if a book, film/movie, etc. flashes forward, it describes or shows sth that will happen at a later time （书、电影 等）闪前，预叙，提前叙述未来事件：The movie then flashes forward to wartime London. 电影 接着超前叙述，穿插战时伦敦的镜头。 ◊ （figura- tive） Flash forward to the present: we are still in the same mess as we were in back then. 快进到 现在：我们所处的窘境仍然与那时毫无二致。 ♦ v + adv ► flash forward n flash on sb if sth flashes on you, you suddenly realize it 突然意识到；蓦地醒悟到：It flashed on. me that he was the man I'd seen in the hotel 我忽然发觉，他就是我在旅馆见过的 那个人。 SYN hit sb ♦ v + prep flash on sth （AmE, informal） to remember or realize sth 回也起；意识到：I suddenly flashed on how horrible that day had been. 我突然意识 到，那一天是多么的糟糕透顶。 ♦ v + prep flatten flatten /ˈflætn/ flatten sth/yourself against/ on sb/sth to press your body or part of your body on or against sb/sth （把身体或身体部 位）紧贴于，平贴于：She flattened her nose and lips against the window. 她把鼻子和嘴唇紧贴在 窗户上。 ◊ I flattened myself against the wall to let them pass. 我身体紧靠着墙, 让他们通过。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep flatten out 1 if a road, an area of land, etc. flattens out, it gradually becomes flat （道路、土地等）逐渐变平：After Oxford the countryside flattens out. 过了牛津以后，乡村逐 渐开阔起来。 2 to stop growing or going up 停 止增长（或上升）：Sales have flattened out in the last few years. 在过去几车，销售额趋于 平稳。 ♦ v + adv flatten sth out to make sth completely flat 使变平：She flattened out the crumpled letter on the desk. 她在写字台上把皱巴巴的信展平。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv flesh flesh /fleʃ/ flesh sth 'out （with sth） to add more details or information to an argument, an idea, a drawing, etc.（以细节或信息）充实（论据、 构思、绘画等）：You need to flesh out the bones of your idea a bit more. 你需要进一步充 实完善你的想法。◊ They must be prepared to flesh out their strategy with some details. 他们 必须准备为策略增加一些细节。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv flick flick /flɪk/ flick sth off to switch sth off quickly 迅速关 闭，啪一声关上（电器等）：He flicked the light Off. 他啪的一声关了灯。 [OBJ] lighten switch sth off OPP flick sth on ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n flick sth on to switch sth on quickly 迅速开 启，啪一声打开（电器等）：He flicked on the air conditioning. 他轻轻一按打开了空调。 [OBJ] light SYN switch sth on OPP flick sth off ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n flick through sth to turn the pages of a book, etc. quickly, or look through a pile of papers, etc. without reading everything 浏 览；翻阅；快读：He flicked through a magazine while he waited. 他边等边翻看杂志。 [OBJ] pages, book, papers SYN flip through sth; leaf through sth; thumb through sth -> note at LOOK THROUGH STH ♦ v+ prep fling fling /flɪŋ]/ （flung /flʌŋ/, flung） fling yourself at sb （informal, disapproving） to try too hard to show sb that you are interested in them in a sexual way and make them interested in you （露骨地）向…求爱. 向…献媚、对…调情 SYN throw yourself at sb ♦ v + pron + prep fling yourself into sth to start to do sth with a lot of energy, enthusiasm and effort 致 力于；一心扑在…上：When they split up she flung herself into her work to try to forget him. 他们分手后，她全身心投入工作，试图忘掉他。 SYN throw yourself into sth ♦ v + pron + prep fling sth 'off （informal） to take clothes off quickly and carelessly 匆忙脱下：Flinging off her coat, she sank into an armchair. 她随手脱 掉大衣，一下子坐在扶手椅上。 SYN throw sth off OPP fling sth on ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fling sth 'on （informal） to put clothes on quickly and carelessly 匆忙穿上：Just fling a coat on over your pyjamas. 在睡衣外面披件外 套就行了。 SYN throw sth on OPP fling sth off ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n flip flip/flɪp/ （-pp-） flip for sb/sth （AmE, slang） to begin to like sb very much; to suddenly become very excited about sth attractive, pleasant, etc. 开 始迷恋；对…怦然心动: She flipped for his red hair and freckles. 她突然迷上了他的红头发和 雀斑。 ♦ v + prep flip for sth, etc. （AmE） -> TOSS FOR STH, ETC. flip sb 'off （AmE, slang） to raise your middle finger to sb in a very rude sign （粗鲁地）向 （某人）竖中指 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n flip sth off/on （AmE, informal） to turn off/on an electrical switch 关闭 / 开启（电器开 关）：I flipped on the light to see what was making the noise. 我开了电灯，看是什么东西在 发出声响。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n slip out （informal, especially AmE） to become very angry, excited or enthusiastic about sth 变得异常愤怒（或激动、狂热）；情绪失控：She flipped out because I was late. 因为我迟到，她 大废雷霆。◊ People are flipping out over these new digital cameras. 人们狂热追捧这些新型数 码相机。 NOTE Flip is often used on its own with this meaning, especially in British English. * flip 常 单独使用作此义，尤用于英国英语。 ♦ v + adv flip 'over; flip sth 'over to turn over, or to turn sth over, onto the other side or upside down （使）翻倒，翻转：The dolphin flipped over onto its back. 海豚翻了个身，肚皮朝上。◊ A huge wave flipped the dinghy over. 一阵巨浪 打翻了小艇。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n flip through sth to turn over the pages of a book, etc. quickly, or look through a pile of papers, etc. without reading everything 浏览；翻看：He flipped through the photos quickly. 他匆匆翻阅了那些照片。 [OBJ] pages, magazines SYN flick through sth; leaf through sth -> note at LOOK THROUGH STH ♦ v + prep flirt flirt /flɜːt：t; AmE flɜːrt/ flirt with sth 1 to think about or be interested in sth for a short time, but not very seriously 不严肃地考虑（或对待）：I flirted briefly with the idea of emigrating. 我一时兴 起，动过移民的念头。[OBJ] idea, thought SYN toy with sth 2 to take risks or not worry about a dangerous situation 冒险；不顾危险信果：to flirt with danger/death/disaster 冒险 / 玩命 / 视 灾祸如同儿戏 [OBJ] danger, disaster ♦ v + prep float float /fləʊt; AmE floʊt/ float a1 round; .float a round sth （BrE also .float about/'round, .float a'bout/round sth） 1 （usually used in the progressive tenses 通 常用于进行时）if an idea or a piece of news is floating around/about, it is being talked about by a lot of people （想法或消息）传播， 流传：There's a rumour floating about （the office） that she's leaving.（办公室里）纷纷传说 她要离职。[SUBJ] rumour, idea SYN go around, go around sth 2 if you say that an object is floating around/about, you mean that you have seen it somewhere but do not know exactly where it is （物品在某个不确定的地 点）出现过：Is there a pen floating about here somewhere? 有人看到过这儿的一支钢笔吗？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep flog flog /flɒɡ; AmE flɑ/ flog sth 'off to sell sth cheaply because you want to get rid of it or because you need the money 低价倾销；甩卖：We buy them cheaply and then flog them off at a profit. 我们低价购 入，然后甩卖获利。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv flood flood /flʌd/ flood back if a thought or a memory floods back, you remember sth suddenly and it affects you strongly （想法或记忆）突然重 现脑海，涌上心头：Suddenly all my fears came flooding back. 所有的恐惧突然又重新向 我袭来。 NOTE Flood back is often used with the verb come * flood back 常与动词 come 连用：His words came flooding back to me. 他的话又在我 耳畔回响。 ♦ v + adv flood in .flood into sth 1 if water, etc. floods in or floods into a place, it moves to fill or cover it （水等）注入，涌人（某处）： He opened the door and water came flooding in, 他一打开门，水就冲了进来。◊ Sunshine flooded into the room. 阳光洒满房间。 2 to come to or arrive at a place in large numbers or great quantities 大量涌入；蜂拥而至；纷至 沓来：Letters of support have been flooding in from all over the country. 声援信件从全国各地 潮水般地涌来。 SYN pour in, pour into sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep flood sb out to force sb to leave their home because of a flood （洪水）迫使...离开家园: We were flooded out by a burst water main. 由 于自来水总管道破裂发了大水，我们被迫离开 了家。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n flood over/'through sb if a feeling floods over/through you, it affects you very strongly （感情）强烈影响，强烈感染（某人）：A great sense of relief flooded through her. 她感到如释 重负。[SUBJ] relief ♦ v + prep flounder flounder/ˈflaʊndə(r)/ flounder around （BrE also .flounder a bout） to struggle to move or get somewhere because it is difficult, or because you do not know where you are going 挣扎前行；艰苦移 动：People were floundering about in the water, shouting and screaming. 人们呼喊尖叫，在水中 扑腾。◊ （figurative'） I floundered around trying to decide what I ought to do. 我举步维艰，不知 所措。 ♦ v + adv flow flow /fləʊ; AmE floʊ/ flow from sth （formal） to come or result from sth 出自；由...引起：What benefits might flow from joining the European Union? 加入欧盟会带来什么益处呢？ [SUBJ] benefits/ advantages, consequences ♦ v + prep flow 'through to sb/sth to reach sb/sth or have an effect on them/it 到达；影响：It will take time for the drop in manufacturing costs to flow through to consumers. 生产成本下降一段 时间后，消费者才能从中获益。 ♦ v + adv + prep fluff fluff /flʌf/ fluff sth 'out/up to shake or brush feathers, fur, hair, etc. so that they look bigger or softer 抖松，刷柔软（羽毛、毛皮、毛发等）： The bird fluffed out its feathers. 鸟儿抖开羽毛。 ◊ Let me fluff up your pillows for you. 我来给你 把枕头抖松。 [OBJ] feathers ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv flunk flunk/flʌŋk/ flunk out； （flunk out of sth （AmE, in- formal） to have to leave school or college because your marks/grades are not good enough （因不及格）（从…）退学： He flunked out （of college） last year, 他去年（从大学）退 学了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep flush flush /flʌʃ/ flush sth a way to get rid of sth with a sudden quick flow of water （用水）冲掉: She flushed the unused tablets away. 她冲掉了未服 用的药片。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n flush sb/sth out； .flush sb/sth 'out of sth 1 to force a person or an animal to leave the place where they are hiding 把…（从藏身 处）赶出：The dogs flushed out the deer that were left in the wood. 狗把树林里剩下的鹿撵了 出来。 ◊ The police flushed the gunmen out of the building. 警察迫使持枪歹徒离开建筑物。2 to force sb who is planning or doing sth secretly, especially sth dishonest, to say what they are planning or who they are 逼迫（密谋 者）坦白交代（或说出身份）：Their offer is likely to flush out any rival bidders. 他们的出价 可能迫使任何投标竞争对手浮出水面。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ y + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep flush sth 'out； flush sth out of sth to wash sth out; to get rid of sth with a rush of water 把…（从…）冲掉;（用水）清除：Drink lots of water to flush the poisons out of your body. 要大量饮水以排出体内毒素。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n • v + n/pron + adv + prep flutter flutter/ˈflʌtə(r)/ flutter around； .flutter around sth （also .flutter a bout, .flutter a bout sth espe- cially BrE） 1 if a bird or an insect flutters around, it flies somewhere moving its wings very quickly （鸟或昆虫）飞来飞去，振翅飞舞： Butterflies fluttered around （the garden）. 蝴蝶 （在花园中）翩翩起舞。 2 if a person flutters around, they move quickly in a nervous or excited way （紧张或兴奋地）走来走去，坐立 不安： My mother fluttered about picking things up and putting things away. 我母亲忙里忙外地 收拾整理东西。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep flutter 'down to move gently through the air to the ground 飘落：Wind shook the branches and several leaves fluttered down. 风 吹动树枝，几片叶子飘落下来。 ♦ v + adv fly fly /flaɪ/ （flies, flying, flew /fluː/, flown/fləʊn; AmE floʊn/） fly a1 round； ,fly around sth （also ,fly about, ,fly about sth especially BrE） （usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时）if a story or a piece of news is flying around, it is being talked about by a lot of people and passed from one person to another （传闻或 信息）传播，扩散：Stories about his past are flying around among the students. 他过去的事 在学生中传播开来。◊ Rumours have been/lying around the office. 办公室里谣言四起。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep fly at sb （of a person or an animal 人或动物） to attack sb suddenly and violently 扑向；猛 烈攻击：She flew at him, hitting and kicking. 她 朝他直扑过去，对他拳打脚踢。 ♦ v + prep fly 'by/'past 1 when time flies by/past, it seems to pass very quickly （时间）飞逝：My three years at college flew by. 我在大学的三年 一晃就过去了。 ◊ When you have lots of things to do, time just flies past. 很多事情要做时，就 觉得晚间过得飞快。 [SUBJ] time, days, hours, etc. NOTE Fly can also be used on its own with this meaning, especially with the subject time ♦ fly 单独使用也可作此义，尤与主语 time 连用： There was so much to do, the time just flew. 要 做的事情很多，时间一眨眼就过去了。 2 when miles, etc. fly by/past, a journey by car, bus, train or bicycle seems to pass very quickly （旅程）过得飞快：As the miles flew past and we got closer and closer to Che sea, the kids got more and more excited. 旅程飞快， 我们越来越 接近大海，孩子们越来越兴奋。[SUBJ] miles, countryside ♦ v + adv fly 'in/out; ,fly into sth; ,fly out of sth to arrive/leave a place by plane 乘飞机来 到 / 离开（某地）；飞抵；飞离：She's flying out to join him in Nairobi next week. 她下周将飞往 内罗毕与他会合。 ◊ Several heads of state flew into London last night for talks with the Prime Minister. 数位国家元首昨晚飞抵伦敦，将与首相 举行会谈。 -> see also FLY SB/STH IN/OUT, ETC. ♦ v + adv ♦ v+ prep ♦ v + adv + prep fly sb/sth in/ out ,fly sb/sth into sth; fly sb/sth out of sth to bring sb/sth by plane to a place or take them away 用飞机运 来 / 运走； 空运：They flew us in by helicopter. 他们用直升机送我们。 ◊ Food supplies are being flown out immediately. 食物补给立刻空运 走了。 ◊ The travel company is flying 200 people out of the area tomorrow. 旅行公司明天将空运 200人离开该地区。 -> see also FLY IN/OUT, FLY INTO, FLY OUT OF STH ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep fly 'into sth if sb flies into a temper, etc., they suddenly become extremely angry 突然 发怒，突然变得怒不可遏：He flies into a rage when you mention her. 你一提起她，他就大发 雷霆； [OBJ] rage, temper, panic ♦ v + prep fly off； ,fly 'off sth to come off sth sud- denly and with force （从…）飞脱，甩出，突 然脱落：The jolt caused her glasses to fly off. 那 一阵颠簸把她的眼镜震掉了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep IDM fly off the handle （informal） to become suddenly very angry 勃然大怒；火冒三丈 fly out, etc. -> FLY IN/OUT, ETC. fly past -> FLY BY/PAST fob fob /fɒb; AmE fɑːb/（-bb-） fob sb off （with sth） 1 to try to make sb stop asking questions or complaining by giving them answers or excuses that are not true （为制止某人提问或抱怨而用不实之词）搪 塞，敷衍，应付：Don't try to fob me off with excuses. 休想找借口哄骗我。 2 to give sb sth that is different from or not as good as what they want （货不对版或以次充好地把货物）骗 售给：We thought we'd been fobbed off with inferior goods. 我们认为对方出售劣质商品骗 我们。 SYN palm sb off （with sth） ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fob sth off on/onto sb （BrE, informal） to trick sb into accepting sth that you do not want or sth that is not genuine （把不想要的 商品或假货）骗售给：She tried to fob all her junk off onto me. 她想方设法向我兜售她的所有 垃圾商品。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep focus focus /ˈfəʊkəs; AmE foʊ-/ （-s- or -ss-） focus on sb/sth; focus sth on sb/sth （also 'focus upon sb/sth, 'focus sth upon sb/sth more formal） 1 to give all your attention, effort, etc. to a particular problem, subject or person 集中（注意力，精力等）于； 全力以赴做：Suspicion focused on. her husband. 怀疑集中到了她丈夫身上。 ◊ The programme was intended to focus attention on global warming. 议程计划集中讨论全球变暖问题。 2 （of eyes, a camera, etc. 眼睛、相机等）to be adjusted so that things can be seen dearly; to adjust sth so that you can see things clearly 注 视；聚焦：Rest your eyes by letting them focus on distant objects. 眺望远处的景物，让眼睛放 松一下。 ◊ The camera was focused on an old woman. 镜头对准了一位老妇人。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep fog fog /fɒɡ; AmE fɔ:g, fa:g/ （-gg-） fog 'up if a glass surface fogs up, it becomes covered with steam or drops of water so that it is difficult to see in or through it （玻璃表 面）被雾气笼罩：The windscreen started to fog up. 挡风玻璃开始蒙上雾气。 SYN mist up, mist sth up; steam up, steam sth up ♦ v + adv foist foist /fɔɪst/ foist sth/sb/yourself on sb （also foist sth/sb/yourself upon sb more formal） to force sb to accept sth that they do not want, or take care of sb that they do not want to 强迫 接受；把...强加： He tries to foist his beliefs on everyone. 他企图将自己的信仰强加于每一个人。 ◊ She resented having the child foisted on her while the parents were abroad. 该子的父母出国 期间，把孩子塞给她照看，这令她很反感。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep fold fold /fəʊld; AmE foʊld/ fold away/down; fold sth away/down to be able to be bent or arranged into a smaller or flatter shape that you can store or carry more easily; to bend or arrange sth in this way (把…) 折小，叠平 (以便贮存或携 带)：The bed can. fold away. 这张床可以折叠收 起。 ◊ You can fold the table away to make more room. 你可以把桌子折叠起来，腾出空间。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► foldaway (also 'fold-down, 'fold-up) adj [only before noun] that can be folded so that you can carry it or store it more easily 折叠式 的；可折叠的 fold sth away to fold sth and put it away 折 叠收起:She folded the newspaper away. 她把报 纸叠起收好。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fold sth back, over, ,down， etc， to bend sth back, over, down, etc. so that one part of it lies flat on another 折叠；对折：He folded the comer of the page over to mark his place. 他折起书页一角以作记号。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fold down, etc. -> FOLD AWAY/DOWN, ETC. fold sth 'into sth; fold sth 'in (in cooking 烹饪) to mix one substance gently with another, usually with a spoon (通常用 勺子) 把...调入，拌进：Gently fold the flour into the mixture. 轻轻地把面粉调拌进这一混合 物。 ◊ Fold in two egg whites. 拌入两个鸡蛋的 蛋白。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep ♦ v + adv 十 n ♦ v + n/pron + adv fold A in B; fold B round/over A to wrap sb/sth in sth 用...包裹：She gently folded the baby in a blanket. 她轻轻把婴儿裹进毯子 里。 ◊ She folded a blanket round the baby. 她 用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。 ◊ He folded her in his arms (= he put his arms around her). 他将她 拥入怀中。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep fold up; .fold sth up to bend sth or fold it so that it is smaller (把…) 折叠，折起：The map folds up quite small. 地图折起来很小。 ◊ She folded the letter up and put it in her pocket. 她把信折叠起来，塞进衣兜。 OPP unfold, unfold sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► fold-up adj -> FOLDAWAY at FOLD away/down follow follow /fɒləʊ; AmE ˈfɑːloʊ/ follow on 1 (from sth) to continue or result from sth in a natural or logical way 是…的必 然结果；因…而起： Listen carefully to the answer and make sure that your next question follows on. 仔细听答案，一定要据此回答下一个 问题。 ◊ Following on from what Jill has said, I'd like to talk about the future of the company. 我想借吉尔的话题谈谈公司的前景。2 to leave a place after sb else and meet them later 追 随；跟上：You go now. I'll follow on later. 你现 在走, 我随后追上。 ♦ v + adv ► follow-on n (especially BrE) sth that continues or results from sth; the action of following on from sth 结果；后续事物；后续工 作：'Jaws 2', was a follow-on to 'Jaws'. 《大白鲨2》是《大白鲨》的续集。◊ follow-on treatment/talks 后续治疗 / 会谈 ◊ a follow-on call 后续打来的电话 follow through (in tennis, golf, etc. 网球、 高尔夫球等) to complete a stroke by continu- ing to move the club, etc. after you have hit the ball (击球后球拍、球杆等) 完成顺势动作 ♦ v + adv ► follow-through (also follow-through especially AmE) n (in tennis, golf, etc. 网球、高 尔夫球等) the final part of a stroke after the ball has been hit (击球后的) 随球动作，顺势 动作 follow through (with sth), follow sth through to complete sth you have begun or already done 完成；把...进行到底：The store did not follow through with the prosecution. 该 店中途撤回了起诉。 ◊ He never follows things through. 他做事从来不能善始善终。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► follow- through n the actions that sb takes to complete or continue sth 后期行动；后续措 施：Your follow-through on the project was not very satisfactory. 你在这个项目上做的后续工作 不太令人满意。 follow up on sth; follow sth 'up 1 (with sth) to take further action about sth 对…采取进一步行动；跟进：You should follow your letter up with a phone call (= you should write first and then telephone). 你写信后还应 该再打个电话。 2 to find out more about sth sb has told you or suggested to you 追查；探究： The police are following up all the leads. 警方正 在追查每一条线索。 ◊ It's worth following up his idea. 值得顺着他的思路继续研究。[OBJ] lead, idea, complaint, matter SYN investigate sth (more formal) ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► follow-up (to sth) n [usually sing.] sth that continues sth 后续；跟进：The survey is a follow-up to the questionnaire. 这个调查是问卷 的后续。 ◊ follow-up treatment/studies 后续治 疗 / 跟踪研究 fool fool /fuːl/ fool around 1 (BrE also .fool about) (with sth) to waste time or behave in a silly way 虚 度光阴; 胡闹； 犯傻：Stop fooling about with that knife! 别瞎摆弄那把刀子！ 2 (with sb) (especially AmE) to have a sexual relationship with another person's partner or with sb who is not your partner (和某人) 乱搞男女关系： He's been fooling around with other women. 他 一直和别的女人厮混。 3 (AmE) if two people fool around, they kiss and touch each other in a sexual way (两人) 亲吻爱抚，缠绵： We were fooling around on the couch when my dad walked in. 我们正在沙发上亲热，我爸爸走 了进来。 ♦ v + adv fool with sth (AmE) to touch or use sth in a careless and/or annoying way 戏弄；摆弄：I caught him fooling with the buttons on the DVD. 我发现他在乱搪、影碟机的按钮。 SYN mess with sth ♦ v + prep force force /fa:s; AmE fairs/ force back sth to try very hard not to show an emotion 竭力压抑 (情感)：Forcing back the tears, she nodded and smiled. 她强忍泪水，点 头微笑。 [OBJ] tears NOTE When the object of force back is a noun, it comes after back, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between force and back ♦ force back 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 back 之 后；但如果是代词，应置于 force 和 back 之间: Ruth was about to let out a scream, but she forced it back. 露丝差点尖叫起来，但她还是忍 住了。 Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv force sth down 1 to make yourself eat or drink sth when you do not want to 勉强咽下 (食物或饮料)：She forced down her breakfast. 她勉强吃下早饭。 2 to make a price, figure, etc. decrease 削减， 压低 (价格、数字等) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv force sth on sb {also 'force sth upon sb more formal) to make sb accept sth they do not want to 强迫 (某人) 接受；把...强加于人: I didn't want to take the money, but she forced it on me. 我并不想接那钱，可她硬塞给我。 ◊ Teachers feel that changes are being forced on them. 教师们感觉这些变革是强加他们身上的。 [OBJ] change, cuts, decision ♦ v + n/pron + prep force itself on sb (also force itself upon sb more formal) if sth forces itself on you, you cannot avoid becoming aware of it 使一目了 然；使完全明了： When he read the letter, the truth forced itself on him. 他读了来信，一切都 明白了。 ♦ v + pron + prep force yourself on sb S/s。force yourself upon sb more formal) to force sb to have sex with you when they do not want to, by using violence or by threatening them 强暴；强奸 ♦ v + pron + prep force sb out; .force sb out of sth to make sb leave a job or position against their wishes 强迫 (某人) 离并 (职位) : She was forced out of her job. 她无奈辞职。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep force sth out of sb to make sb tell you sth, especially by threatening them (尤指通过胁 迫) 迫使某人讲某事：I managed to force the truth out of him. 我总算逼他说出了真相。 [OBJ] truth ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep force sth through to get a new law or plan officially accepted, even though some people do not want it 强行通过，仓促通过 (法 律或计划)：The party wants to force through new environmental taxes. 该党想强行通过新设 环境税。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv force sth up to make a price, figure, etc. 'increase 强抬，抬高 (价格、数字等) ♦ v + adv + n ・v + n/pron + adv forge forge /fɔːdʒ; AmE fɔːrdʒ/ forge a head 1 to move forward quickly 迅 速前行：He forged ahead, panting and breath- less. 他上气不接下气地向前奔跑。2 (with sth) to make progress quickly 进展神速：The company is forging ahead with its plans. 公司 的计划正顺利推进。◊ Jane's language skills enabled her to forge ahead on the career ladder. 简的语言技能使她在职场上平步青云。 SYN press ahead/on (with sth) ♦ v + adv fork fork /fɔːk; AmE fɔːrk/ fork 'out (for sth),(fork sth out (for/on sth (informal) to pay a lot of money for sth, especially when you do not want to (尤指不 情愿地)(为…) 大把掏钱，破费: I had to fork out for a cab home. 我不得不花冤枉钱, 乘出租 车回家。 ◊ I had to fork out $30 for a cab home. 我不得不花30元钱乘出租车回家。 SYN shell out (for sth), shell sth out (for sth) -> note at PAY OUT, PAY STH OUT ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) fork sth over (AmE, informal to pay for sth, especially when you do not want to (尤 指不情愿地) 支付、出钱：I had to fork over the $101 owed her. 我只好把欠她的 10元 钱还上。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) form form /fɔːm; AmE fɔːrm/ form up; form sb up if soldiers form up, or sb forms them up, they get into position in lines (使) 列队，集合：The general formed up his troops. 将军命令部队列队集合。 ◊ The teams formed up into lines. 各队整好了队伍。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (rare) foul foul/faʊl/ NOTE A foul in sports is an action that is against the rules of the game. * foul 指体育比 赛中的犯规。 foul 'out （of sth） 1 （in basketball 篮球）if a player fouls out, or fouls out of the game, he/she makes more than the number of fouls allowed in a game and is no longer allowed to play in that game （犯规超过规定 次数）被罚下场2 （in baseball 棒球）if a player fouls out, he/she hits a ball into the foul area and it is caught by a player on the opposing team, so that the first player's turn to hit is over （因击球出界并被对方捕手接杀而） 出局 ♦ v + adv foul Up .foul sth 'up （informal） to do sth badly; to spoil sth, especially by making mistakes （把…）搞糟；环了事: The team can't afford to foul up in this game. 该队输不起这场 比赛。 ◊ He admitted he'd completely fouled things up. 他承认自己把事情彻底搞砸了。 SYN mess up, mess sth up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► foul-up n (informal） a problem caused by bad organization or a stupid mistake （因组 织不当或愚蠢失误而引起的）混乱；一团糟：an administrative foul-up 管理混乱。 ◊ There was a complete foul-up at the bank and the customers were sent the wrong statements. 银行捅出大娄 子，给客户发送了错误的对账单。 found found /faʊnd/ found sth on sth （also found sth upon sth more formal） to base sth on sth 把…基于； 把…建立在…上： Their conclusions were largely founded on guesswork. 他们的结论 大部分是基于猜测。 SYN base sth on/upon sth NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v+ n/pron + prep freak freak /friːk/ freak out; freak sb 'out （informal） if sb freaks out or if sth freaks them out, they react very strongly to sth that shocks, angers, excites or frightens them （使）极度吃惊（或 生气、激动、害怕）；（使）反应激烈：I don't know what happened in the exams. I just freaked out. 我不知道考试是如何过来的。我完 全吓蒙了。 ◊ I thought I'd seen a ghost—it really freaked me out. 我还以为见到了鬼 —— 吓得我魂不附体。 SYN bug out （Am3 NOTE Freak and freak sb are used on their own less often with the same meaning. * freak 和freak sb 单独使用也作此义，但不常见。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （less frequent） free free /fri：/ free sb/sth 'up to do sth so that sb is able to do sth else; to make money, time, etc. available for a particular purpose 让（某人） 脱身（去做其他事情）；腾出（时间、金钱等）： Having a secretary frees me up to work on other things. 有了秘书，我就可以抽身处理其他事务。 ◊ I need to free up more disk space. 我需要清理 出更多的磁盘空间。 NOTE Free sb/sth is also used on its own. * free sb/sth 也单独使用。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （less frequent） freeze freeze /friːz/（froze /frəʊz; AmE froʊz/, frozen /'frəʊzn; AmE 'froʊzn/） freeze sb/sth out; freeze sb/sth out of sth （informal） to prevent sb from being part of a group or taking part in an activity, business, etc. by being very unfriendly or making things very difficult for them 排挤，排 斥（使不能参与活动等）： My colleagues were freezing me out. 同事们在排挤我。 ◊ American rice farmers complained that their crops were being frozen out of the market. 美国水稻种植者 抱怨他们的产品正被挤出市场。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ► freeze-out n （informal, especially AmE） an act of preventing sb from being part of a group or from taking part in an activity, a business, etc. 排挤；排斥 freeze 'over to become covered by ice 冰 封； 封冻：The river sometimes freezes over. 那 条河有时会封冻。 SYN ice over/up ♦ v + adv till/until/when hell freezes over used to say that you think sth will never happen 绝无 可能；永远不会发生；除非太阳从西边出来： They might give you a pay rise soon. 'Yeah, right. When hell freezes over!' “他们可能很快 就会给你加薪的。" “嗯，没错。等到铁树开花 水倒流的那一天吧。” freeze 'up 1 if sth freezes up, it becomes blocked with frozen liquid so that it cannot be used 冻住；冻塞：The pipes had frozen up. 水管 冻住了。 2 if sb freezes up, they are so ner- vous, frightened or excited that they are unable to move （因紧张、害怕或兴奋）动弹 不了，一动不动；惊呆；吓傻: I was so nervous I froze up. 我紧张得愣住了。 ♦ v + adv freshen freshen /ˈfreʃn/ freshen up; freshen yourself up to wash and make yourself look clean and tidy after a journey, before a meeting, etc. 梳洗打 扮： I'll just freshen （myself） up before dinner. 晚 饭前我要去梳洗一番。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv freshen sth 'up to make sth look cleaner and more attractive 使洁净宜人；使令人耳目 一新：A coat of paint will freshen this room up. 刷一层油漆. 这房间将会焕然一新。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n frighten frighten /ˈfraɪtn/ frighten sb/sth a way/off; frighten sb/sth away from sth 1 to make a person or an animal go away by making them feel afraid 把… (从…) 吓走： The noise frightened the birds away. 响声把鸟儿吓飞了。 ◊ I sometimes use a gun to frighten dogs away from the hens, 我有时用枪把狗从母鸡群里吓 跑。 2 to make a person or an organization so nervous that they are no longer interested in sth or no longer want to do sth 把…吓得不敢 (做某事)；使却步： Investment: companies have been frightened off by fear of losing money. 由于担心资金损失，投资公司望而却步。 SYN scare sb/sth away/off ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v 十 adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + prep fritter fritter /'frɪtə(r)/ fritter sth a way (on sth) to waste time or money on things that are not useful or important (在…上) 浪费 (时间或金钱)：He's frittered away the money his father left him. 他 把父亲留给他的钱挥霍一空。 [OBJ] money, time ♦ v + adv + n・ v + n/pron + adv front front /frʌnt/ front for sb/sth to represent a group or an organization in order to hide a secret or an illegal activity or protect the person who is controlling it 代表 (某个集团或组织) 出面；为 (秘密或非法活动) 作掩护： The police could not discover who he was fronting for. 警方无法查出 他的幕后主使是谁。 ♦ v + prep front onto sth if a building fronts onto sth, it faces it (建筑物) 面对，朝向：The apartment fronts onto the beach. 这套公寓面对 海滩。 ♦ v + prep frost frost /frɒst; AmE frɔːst/ NOTE Frost is the thin white layer of ice that forms when the temperature drops below o°C. * frost 指霜。 frost over/ up to become covered with frost 蒙上霜；结霜；起霜：All the windows frosted up overnight. 一夜之间所有窗户都结 了霜。 ♦ v + adv frown frown /fraʊn/ frown on sb/sth (also frown upon sb/sth more formal) to disapprove of sb/sth 不赞成； 反对： Some restaurants frown on men not wearing jackets. 有些餐馆不接待没穿外套的男 子。 ◊ Such behaviour is frowned upon. 这种行 为是不允许的。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 -> see also SMILE ON/UPON SB/STH ♦ v + prep fry fry /fraɪ/ (fries, frying, fried) fry sth up to cook food in oil especially in order to make a meal quickly 油煎；油炸；油 炒：He fried up some eggs and potatoes. 他做了 些煎蛋和油炸土豆。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv ► fry-up n (BrE, informal) a meal of fried food —份油煎食品 fuck fuck /fʌk/ fuck a round (BrE also ,fuck a bout) (with sth) (A, slang) to waste time by behaving in a silly way 闲荡；瞎混：Stop fucking around and give me a hand, 别瞎胡闹了， 帮帮我吧。 NOTE A more polite informal way of saying this is mess around or, in British English, mess about. 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 mess around 或英国英语中的 mess about。 ♦ v + adv fuck sb a round (BrE also ,fuck sb a'bout) (△, slang) to treat sb in a way that wastes their time 故意浪费 (某人) 的时间；戏耍: Don't fuck me around. 别耽误我的时间。 NOTE A more polite informal way of saying this is mess sb around or, in British English, mess sb about 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 mess sb around 或英国英语中的 mess sb about。 ♦ v+ n/pron + adv fuck off (△, slang) used to tell sb very rudely to go away 滚开；滚远点：Fuck off and leave me alone! 滚开，别烦我! ♦ v + adv fuck sb over (AmE, △, slang) to treat sb very badly or unfairly 苛待；不公平对待：The company promised me a big pay-off but they ready fucked me over. 公司答应给我一大笔酬 金，可实际上却耍了我。 NOTE A more polite informal way to say this is mess sb around. 较礼貌的非正式表送方式是 mess sb around 。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (less frequent) fuck up; fuck sth up (A, slang) to spoil sth or do sth badly; to make a stupid mistake (把…) 弄糟，搞坏；犯愚蠢的错误：It was my fault_I fucked up. 这怪我---我搞砸了。◊ He's fucked everything up. 他把整件事搞得一塌 糊涂。 NOTE A more polite informal way to say this is mess (sth) up or foul (sth) up. 较礼貌的非正式 表达方式是 mess (sth) up 或 foul (sth) up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► fuck-up n (△, slang) 1 a problem caused by bad organization or a stupid mistake (因 组织不当或愚蠢失误而引起的) 混乱，一团糟。 NOTE A more polite informal way to say this is foul-up, 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 foul-up。 2 a person who is not in control of their life 生 活一团糟的人；做事不靠谱的人；老做傻事的人。 fuck sb up (△, slang) 1 to upset or confuse sb so much that they are not able to deal with problems in their life 把某人的生活搞糟：打乱 某人的生活。 NOTE A more polite informal way to say this is mess sb up. 较礼貌的非正式表达 方式是: mess sb up。 2 (AmE) to hit or kick sb hard many times 接连狠揍 (或猛踢) 某人 NOTE A more polite informal way to say this is beat sb up. 较礼貌的非正式表达方式是 beat sb up。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► fucked up adj (△, slang) extremely confused or disturbed 完全迷惑的；极为困扰的 NOTE A more polite informal way to say this is messed up. 较礼貌的非正式美达方式是 messed up。 ► fuck-up n (A, slang) 1 a person who is extremely confused or disturbed 完全迷惑 的人；受到困扰的人2 a situation which is confused or full of problems 混乱；一团糟 fuck with sb (△, slang) to treat sb badly in a way that makes them annoyed 苛待，不公平 对待 (使某人恼怒) NOTE A more polite informal way to express this is mess with sb. 较礼貌的非正或表达方式是 mess with sb。 ♦ v + prep fuel fuel/ˈfjuːəl/ (-II-, AmE -I-) fuel up; .fuel sth up to put fuel into a vehicle 给 (车辆等) 加燃料；加油：I need to fuel up before I begin the trip. 我上路前得加足 油。 ◊ (figurative} On a cold morning I like to fuel up with a hot breakfast. 在寒冷的早晨，我 喜欢吃一顿热乎乎的早餐来补充能量。 ◊ People in a hurry can fuel up their cars and themselves in one stop. 着急的人可一站搞掂，停车加油、 进食两不误。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n fumble fumble/ˈfʌmb(ə)l/ fumble around (also .fumble about especially BrE) to move awkwardly, especially using your hands to do sth or to find sth 笨拙地移动；粗手笨脚地做；胡乱摸索寻找：He fumbled around in the dark trying to find the lamp. 他摸黑找灯。 ♦ v + adv furnish furnish /ˈfɜːnɪʃ; AmE ˈfɜːrnɪʃ/ furnish sb/sth with sth (formal) to supply or provide sb/sth with sth 给…提供；向…供应: She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case. 她向他透露了与该案有关的实情。 SYN supply sb/sth (with sth) ♦ v + n/pron + prep fuss fuss /fʌs/ fuss at sb (AmE) to complain to sb about sb/sth very often in an annoying way (常令 人生厌地) 抱怨，嘀咕：She's always fussing at me about my smoking. 她总唠叨我抽烟的事。 ♦ v + prep fuss over sb/sth to pay a lot of attention, or too much attention, to sb/sth 对…关怀备至； 对…过分体贴：she likes to have someone to fuss over. 她喜欢对别人瞎操心。 ◊ When she gets nervous she fusses over unimportant details. 她 一紧张就纠缠细枝末节。 ◊ I hate being fussed over. 我讨厌别人对我关心过度。 ♦ v + prep futz futz /fʌts/ futz around (AmEf slang) to spend time doing unimportant things 闲荡；瞎混；虚度光 阴：I just futzed around all morning and got nothing done. 我一上午都在瞎混，什么事都没 干成。 SYN mess around (BrE) ♦ v + adv gabble gabble / ɡæbl/ gabble away/ on (about sth) to talk quickly and for a long time about sth so that people find it difficult to understand you or become bored 急促不清地说；唠唠叨叨地说: Someone on the radio was gabbling away in a foreign language. 收音机里有人在叽里呱啦地说 外语。 ◊ Nicola gabbled on about her boyfriend for hours. 妮古拉喋喋不休地谈论她的男友有好 几个小时了。 ♦ v + adv gad gad /gæd/ (-dd-) gad about/around （old-fashioned, informal, humorous, especially BrE) to go to different places looking for fun and excite- ment, especially when you should be doing sth else 四处闲逛； 游手好闲：It's about time he stopped gadding about and settled down. 他该 结束游荡生活安顿下来了。 ♦ v + adv gag gag /gæg/ (・gg-) be gagging for sth (BrE, slang) (only used in the progressive tenses 只用于进行时) if sb is gagging for sth, they want it very much 很想 得到；渴望：We were all gagging for a burger. 我们都渴望着吃汉堡包。 ◊ Not all rock stars are gagging for it (= wanting to have sex with sb). 并非所有的摇滚歌星都性欲亢奋。 SYN be dying for sth (informal) NOTE You can also use be gagging to do sth 也 可说 be gagging to do sth: footballers gagging to play for their country 迫不及待地要为国效力的 足球运动员 ♦ v + prep gain gain /ɡeɪn/ gain in sth to get more of a particular quality 增加，增长 (某种品质)：The students are slowly gaining in confidence, 学生们正慢慢 增加自信。 [OBJ] popularity, confidence, strength ♦ v + prep gain on sb/sth （often used in the progressive tenses 常用于进行时) to come closer to sb/sth, especially sb/sth that you are chasing 接近， 逼近 ( 所追逐的人或物 )：We were gaining on the car in front. 我们快追上前面那辆小汽车了。 ♦ v + prep gallop gallop /ˈɡæləp/ gallop through sth to do or say sth very quickly 匆忙地做；急促地说：Don't gallop through your speech as if you can't wait to finish. 讲演时别那么急，好像迫不及待要一下说 完似的。 ♦ v + prep gamble gamble /ˈɡæmbl/ gamble sth away to lose sth such as money, your possessions, etc. by risking it/them on a card game, horse race, etc. 赌 掉；输光：She gambled away all our money. 她 把我们的钱输得精光。 [OBJ] money ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv gamble on sth； gamble on doing sth； gamble on sb/sth doing sth to take a risk with sth, hoping that you or it will be successful 冒...的风险; 碰...的运气：She's had two transplants and now her family are gambling on one last operation. 她做过两次移 植手术，现在家人正冒险让她做最后一次手术。 ◊ We're gambling on the weather being fine on Saturday. 我们寄希望于星期六会有个好天气。 ♦ v + prep gang gang/ɡæŋ/ gang 'up (against/on sb) [informal] to join together, especially to oppose, threaten, hurt or frighten sb (尤指为反对、恐吓或伤害某 人) 联合起来，拉帮结派：My brothers are always ganging up on me. 我的兄弟们总是合伙 对付我。 ♦ v + adv gas gas /ɡæs/ (-gg-) gas up； ,gas sth up (AmE, informal) to put fuel in a vehicle 加油；给 (车辆) 加燃料：I'll have to gas up before we leave. 我们出发前我得 加加油。 ◊ Have you gassed up the car? 你给车 加油了吗？ SYN fuel up, fuel sth up ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv gather gather /ˈɡæðə(r)/ gather around； .gather around sb/sth (BrE also .gather 'round, gather round sb/sth) to come together in one place, forming a group around sb/sth 聚集...周 围：围拢：Everyone gathered around to hear the song. 所有的人都聚拢过来听这首歌。 ◊ They aU gathered round the table. 他们全围在桌旁。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep gather sth in to collect a quantity of things, especially crops, and put them all together in one place 收割，收获 (尤指庄稼)；收集； 搜集 [OBJ] harvest, crop ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n gather 'round, etc. (BrE -> GATHER AROUND, ETC. gather sth to gether/ up to bring together objects that have been spread around 归拢，收拢 (分散的东西)： She gathered together her belongings and left. 她收拾好自己 的行李就走了。 [OBJ] papers, belongings, things NOTE Gather sth is used on its own with the same meaning. * gather sth 单独使用也作此义。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv gaze gaze /ɡeɪz/ gaze at sb/sth to look steadily at sb/sth for a long time, either because you are very interested or surprised, or because you are thinking of sth else 盯着；凝视：She gazed lovingly at her baby. 她爱意绵绵地注视着她的 宝宝。 ♦ v + prep gear gear /ɡɪə(r); AmE gɪr/ gear sth to/towards sb/sth; gear sth to/towards doing sth to make or change sth so that it is suitable for a particular need or an appropriate level or standard 使与...相 适应； 使适合于： The programme is clearly geared to a teenage audience. 这个节目显然 是针对青少年观众的。◊ We try to gear our services to customers' requirements. 我们竭力按 顾客的要求提供服务。 ◊ The policy is geared towards attracting nurses back to work. 这项政 策旨在吸引护士回到工作岗位。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep gear up (for sth/to do sth), gear sb/sth/yourself up (for sth/to do sth) to be ready and able to do sth; to become or make sb/sth/yourself ready or able to do sth (使) 为...作好准备: The players are gearing up for the big game. 运动员正作准备迎接这场重大 比赛。◊ The hospital is gearing itself up to deal with new patients. 医院正为接诊新病人作准备。 NOTE Usually used in the passive. 通常用于被 动语态。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n gee gee /dʒi：/ gee up (BrE) used to tell a horse to start moving or to go faster 驾，快跑 (用以吆喝马 起步或加快行进速度) ♦ v + adv gee sb up (BrE) to encourage sb to work harder or faster or to perform better 激励，鼓 励 (某人加倍努力等)：Their success last week will gee the team up. 上周的胜利将激励该队再 接再厉。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n gen gen /dʒen/ (-nn-) gen up； ,gen sb/yourself up (on sth) (old-fashioned, BrE, informal) to find out about sth; to get or give sb information on sth 了解 (情况)；向…提供 (情报)：I must gen myself up for the interview. 我必须为参加面试作好 准备。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv get get /get/ (getting, got, got /ɡɒt; AmE ɡɑːt/) NOTE In spoken American English, the past participle gotten is almost always used. 美国 英语口语中，过去分词几乎都用 gotten。 get a'bout 1 (BrE also .get a round) if sb who is old or ill/sick gets about, they are able to move from place to place without difficulty (老人或病人) 四处走动：She gets about with the help of a stick. 她拄着拐棍四处走动。 2 (BrE) -> GET AROUND ♦v + adv get about sth (BrE) -> GET AROUND STH get above yourself (especially BrE) {often used in the progressive tenses 常用于进行时) to have too high an opinion of yourself; to behave as if you are better than other people 自以为了不起；自高自大；自视甚高；唯我独尊： She's been getting a bit above herself since winning that award. 她获奖后有点得意忘形了。 ♦ v + prep + pron get a'cross (to sb) to be communicated to sb or understood by sb (信息) 传达，传递 (给 某人)：The message is finally getting across to the public. 这一信息终于传达给了公众。 ♦ v + adv get a1 cross; get across sth to move from one side of a river, a bridge, a street, etc. to the other 通过，穿过，渡过 (河、桥、路等)： How can we get across to the island? 我们怎样 才能到那座岛上去呢？ ◊ The only way to get across the lake is by boat. 过湖的唯一办法是乘 船。 ◊ Can we get across Che city without having to use the subway? 我们不乘地铁能穿过市 区吗？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get sth across (also ,get sth 'over less frequent) (to sb) to communicate sth to sb; to make sth clear to sb (向某人) 传达，把...讲 清楚：He's not very good at getting his ideas across to the class. 他不太会讲课。◊ You'll have to think of new ways of getting your message across effectively. 你得琢磨新方法把你的意思表 达清楚。 [OBJ] message, point, idea an put sth across Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n get sb/sth a cross sth (also ,get sb/sth over sth) to move sb/sth, or to help sb/sth move, from one side of sth such as a road, river, bridge, wall, etc. to the other 把...送过 (路、河、桥、墙等)；使通过：We've got to get supplies across the border somehow. 我们必 须想办法把供给品运过边境。 ◊ We got all the injured soldiers across the river. 我们把所有伤 员都送过河了。◊ Billy got the pony over the jumps with difficulty. 比利费劲地骑着马驹跳过 那些障碍。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep SYNONYMS 同义词辨析 get sth across communicate sth ♦ convey sth ♦ get sth across ♦ pass sth on These verbs all mean to make sure sb receives and understands information, ideas or feelings about sth. 这些动词都表示传达信息、想法或表 达感情。 communicate sth to make information, ideas or feelings known to other people 传 达； 表达：He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group. 他急切地想把自己的想法 传达给小组成员。 convey sth to make information, ideas or feelings known to sb 传达；传递：He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation Was. 他竭力想把局势极其危急的信息传递给大 家。 ◊ Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength. 红色等颜色能传达活力和力量。 get sth across to succeed in communicating sth 把…表达清楚：He's not very good at getting his ideas across. 他不太善于表述自己的想法。 pass sth on to give information to sb else after receiving it yourself 传 (口信) ; 转告：I passed your message on to my mother. 我把你 的口信带给我母亲了。 WHICH WORD? You can convey, get across or pass on information, etc. to one other person or to a group of people. You can communicate sth to a group of people or people in general, but not usually to one other person. Pass on is not used for communicating ideas or feelings. Communicate and convey are the most formal of these verbs. * convey，get across 或 pass on 可表示向个人或群体传送信息等。用 communi- cate 时， 信息传达对象是群体或大众，一般不以 某个个人为对象。pass on 不用于传达思想或感 情。communicate 和 convey 在这组动词中最为 正式。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to convey/communicate/get across/pass on sth to sb ■ to convey/communicate to sb that... /what ■ to convey/communicate/get across/pass on a message ■ to convey/communicate/get across your ideas ■ to convey/pass on the news ■ to convey/communicate/get sth across clearly/effectively get 'after sb (informal, AmE) 1 to keep asking or telling sb to do sth, often in an annoying way 不断督促；一再敦促：She's been getting after me to take a vacation. 她一直催着 我休假。 ◊ I had to get after Jack to clean his room. 我不得不一再催促杰克打扫他的房间。 2 to try to catch sb, especially after they have committed a crime 追捕：搜捕：We need to get after drug users more. 我们需要抓捕更多吸 毒者。 ♦ v + prep get a head; get a'head of sb to make more progress than other people, companies, etc.; to become successful in your life or career 走在…前面；领先；胜过；取得成功：It isn't easy to get ahead in this business. 在这一 行想出类拔萃并非易事。 ◊ By doing extra home- work, he soon got ahead of his classmates. 通过 多做额外功课，他很快就在班上名列前茅了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep get ahead of yourself to tell sb sth before you have fully explained the background or the details that they need to know first (讲话 时未经充分说明背景) 直奔正题，直接切入主题 get along (informal) 1 (often used in the progressive tenses 常用于进行时) to leave a place 离开；离去：It's late. We'd better be getting along. 不早了，我们还是走吧。 ◊ One more coffee and then I must get along. 再喝一 杯咖啡，我就得走了。-> see also GET ON 5 2 (with sb/together) -> GET ON 1 3 (with sth) -> GET ON 4 ♦ v + adv get a round (8rE also ,get about) 1 (in- formal) to move from place to place; to go to lots of different places 到处走动；周游：You certainly get around! Paris one minute, Berlin the next. 你真是个大旅行家啊！前一分钟在巴 黎，下一分钟又到了柏林。 ◊ She cart use my car to get around while she's here. 在这里逗留期 间，她可以开我的车到各处转转。 2 (of news, a piece of information, etc. 消息、信息等) to become known by a lot of people 传播； 流传: The news of her resignation soon got around. 她 辞职的消息很快传开了。 ◊ Word soon got around that they were having an affair. 关于他 们关系暧昧的流言很快就传开了。 3 (informal, disapproving) to have sexual relationships with lots of different people 和多人有性关系；滥交 4 -> GET ABOUT 1 ♦ v + adv get a round, etc. -> TGET ROUND, ETC. get a round sth （BrE also ,get a bout sth, get round sth） 1 to move around a city, a country, etc.（在城市、国家等）四处走动：It's easy to get around Amsterdam on a bicycle. 骑 自行车逛阿姆斯特丹很方便。 2 （of news, a piece of information, etc. 消息、信息等） to become known by a lot of people （在…）传 播，流传：News soon gets round the office. 消息 很快在办公室传开了。 ◊ It didn't take long for the rumour to get all around town. 没过多久， 谣言就传遍了全镇。3 （especially AmE）-> GET ROUND STH 3 ♦ v + prep get a1 round to sth, etc. -> GET ROUND/AROUND TO STH, ETC. get at sb informal） 1 （usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于业行时）to keep criti- cizing sb 一再批评；不断指责：Sam's parents are always getting at him. 萨姆的父母老是责备 他。 ◊ She feels she's being got at. 她感到自己总 是受人数落。 2 to influence sb, especially illegally, for example by threatening them or offering money, in order to persuade them to say sth that is not true or act in an unfair way （尤指通过胁迫、贿赂等非法途径）影响；威逼 利诱：One of the witnesses had been got at. 一 名证人被买通了。 ◊ They even tried getting at the judge. 他们甚至试图收买法官。 ♦ v + prep get at sb/sth to reach or obtain sb/sth; to find a way of entering a place, talking to sb, looking at sth, etc. 接触; 取得；达到: The files are locked up and I can't get at them. 文件锁起 来了, 我搞不到手。 ◊ I can't get at my inherit- ance until I'm 21. 我满21岁才能得到遗产。 ◊ Put it in a place where it can be got at easily. 把 它放在容易拿到的地方。 ♦ v + prep get at sth to learn, discover or find out sth 获 悉；了解：发现： We've got to get at the truth. 我们必须查明真相。 [OBJ] truth SYN find sth out ♦ v + prep IDM what are you, was he, etc. getting at? used to ask, often in an angry way, what sb is/was suggesting （气愤地问）你（或他等） 这话是什么意思，你（或他等）用意何在：What exactly are you getting at? 你到底是什么意思？ ◊ I see what you're getting at, but I'm afraid I can't help you with that. 我明白你的意思，可我 恐怕帮不上你这个忙。 get a way 1 （from sth/ ... ） to succeed in leaving a place 得以离开（某处）：It was midday before we finally managed to get away. 到中午时分我们终于脱身。 ◊ I won't be able to get away from the office before seven. 我七点钟 前无法离开办公室。 -> note at GO AWAY 2 （from sb/sth/ ...） to escape from sb or a place 摆脱（某人）；逃离（某地）：The thieves got away in a blue van. 窃贼乘坐-辆蓝色客货车逃 脱了。 ◊ You're not getting away from me so easily! 我绝不会这么轻易放过你的！ 3 to have a holiday/vacation 度假；休假：We're hoping to get away for a few days at Easter. 我们期待着 复活节外出休几天假。 ◊ Will you manage to get away this year? 你今年能出去度假吗？ 4 get away （with you）! （old-fashioned, BrE） used to show that you find it difficult to believe what sb has just said （表示某人的话难以置信） 胡扯： Get away! You could never run that far! 胡说八 道！你不可能跑那么远的！ ◊ 'I'm going to live in China.' 'Get away with you!' “ 我要移居中国 了。" “开玩笑吧！” SYN go on ♦ v + adv ► getaway n [usually sing.] 1 the act of leaving a place in a hurry, especially after committing a crime （尤指犯罪后的）逃跑，逃 走：They made a quick getaway. 他们很快就溜 了。2 a short holiday/vacation; a place for this 短假；度假地：the popular island getaway of Penang 热门度假海岛槟榔屿 get a way from sth; get away from doing sth to start doing sth in a different way or talking about a different subject 改变 （做事方式）；转换（话题）：The club should get away from its old-fashioned image. 这个俱 乐部应该改变过时的形象。 ◊ I tried to get away from the subject of babies. 我试图转换话题不谈 婴儿。 ♦ v + adv + prep IDM get a way from it all （informal） to have a short holiday/vacation in a quiet place where you can relax （到别处度短假）享清净 there's no getting a'way from sth; you can't get away from sth you have to admit that sth unpleasant is true 只得承认，不容否认（令人 不决的事实）：There's no getting away from the fact that his mistake lost the game for his team. 他的失误导致全队输掉比赛，这一事实无法 否认。 get sb/sth a way from sth to remove sb/sth from somewhere 把…从…弄走：Get that dog away from me! 把狗从我这儿赶开！ ◊ I tried to get Ana away from the window. 我竭力把安 娜从窗边拉开。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 Vn心c ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep get a way with sth 1 to steal sth and escape with it 携（赃物）潜逃；盗走：Thieves raided the bank and got away with £50000. 盗 贼洗劫了银行，卷走了 5 万英镑。 2 （also .get a way with doing sth） （informal） to do sth wrong and not be punished or criticized for it 做了（环事或错事）而未受（惩罚或批评）：I can't believe you cheated in the exam and got away with it! 我无法相信你考试作弊居然可以逃 脱处罚！ ◊ Nobody gets away with insulting me like that. 这样侮辱我的人我绝不会轻饶。 3 to receive a relatively light punishment 只受到轻 罚；得到从轻发落：For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine. 他犯了这么 大的事而只交罚款了结，算是走运。[OBJ] fine, warning ♦ v + adv + prep get 'back 1 (from/to sth/ ... ) to return, especially to your home 返回； 回家：What time did you get back last night? 你昨晚几点到家 的？ ◊ We only got back from our trip yesterday. 我们昨天才旅行回来。◊ It'll take us ten minutes to get there and five minutes to get back.我们 去那里要用十分钟，回来要用五分钟。 -> 6 note at COME BACK 2 (from sb/sth) （used especially to give orders 尤用于命令) to move away from a place, a person or sth that is happening 走 开；让开；退后：Get back or I'll shoot! 闪开， 不然我开枪了 ！ an stand back; back off ♦ v + adv get sb 'back 1 to persuade sb to begin a romantic relationship with you again, after you have been apart for some time 劝 (某 人) 恢复恋情；使再续旧情：I‘ve done everything I can to get her back. 我已经尽全力劝她回心转 意了。 2 (for sth/for doing sth) (informal) -> GET BACK AT SB Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv get sb/sth back (to sth/ ... ) to take sb/sth back to a place after they have been away from it 把…带回, 送…回 (某处)：We'll get her back home before midnight. 我们会在午夜前把 她送回家。 NOTE used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv get sth 'back to obtain sth again after you have lost it, spent it, lent it to sb, etc. 取向, 索回，重新得到 (丢失的物品、花费的钱、借出 的物品等)： She's got her old job back. 她已恢 复原职。 ◊ I never lend people books; you never get them back. 我的书从不外借；借出去就收不 回来了。 ◊ If I don't like the dress, can I get my money back? 要是我不喜欢这件连衣裙，可以退 钱给我吗？ ◊ There isn't much of a chance of getting the wallet back (= it has been stolen). 寻回失窃的皮夹机会不大。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n (rare) IDM get your 'breath back （BrE) to start breathing normally again after physical exercise (运动后) 恢复正常呼吸，喘过气来：It took me a while to get my breath back after running for the bus. 我追公共汽车后过了好一会 儿才缓过气来。 ◊ (figurative) I haven't had a moment to get my breath back (= I‘ve been very busy) since we came back from Prague. 自 打我们从布拉格回来，我一直忙得连喘口气的工 夫都没有。 get back at sb (also .get sb 'back) (for sth/for doing sth) (informal) to punish or hurt sb because they have done sth unpleasant to you 向某人复仇：This is his way of getting back at me for arguing with him. 我和他争论过几 句，他就这样报复我。◊ I'll get her back for what she's done. 我会报复她的所作所为的。 SYN pay sb back （for sth/for doing sth） ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv get back into sth to start being interested or involved in a particular activity again 对 再生兴趣; 重新参与：she'll try to get back into journalism when the kids start school. 孩子们上 学后，她会设法重返新闻工作岗位。 ◊ I should get back into serious training. 我应该恢复正式 训练。 ♦ v + adv + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 get sth back get sth back ♦ recover sth ♦ regain sth ♦ retrieve sth ♦ reclaim sth These verbs all mean to get back sth that you no longer have. 这些动词都表示取回、恢束 重新得到。 get sth back (not formal) to obtain sth again after having lost it or given it to sb 取回，重 新得到 (丢失或借出的物品)：She's got her old job back. 她已恢复了原来的工作。 ◊ I never lend books—you never get them back. 我 的书从不外借一借出去就收不回来了。 recover sth to get back an amount of money that you have spent or that is owed to you; to get back or find sth that was lost, stolen or missing 收回 (退款或欠款)；找回，寻回 (失物或失窃物)：The police eventually recovered the stolen paintings. 警方最终追回 了失窃的画作。 ◊ He is unlikely to ever recover his legal costs. 他永远也不可能获得诉讼费 补偿。 regain sth to get back sth you no longer have, such as an ability, quality or position 恢复 (能力、品质、职位等)；重新获得：I struggled to regain some dignity. 我尽力挽回一 点颜面。 ◊ She paused on the edge, trying to regain her balance. 她在边上停了一会儿，试 图重新站稳。 retrieve sth (formal) to bring or get sth back, especially from a place where it should not be 取回；收回:She bent to retrieve her comb from the floor. 她弯腰从地上捡起梳子。 ◊ The dog retrieved the ball from the water. 狗从水 里将球衔了回来。 ◊ The police have managed to retrieve some of the stolen money. 警方总算 追回了部分被盗款项。 reclaim sth to get sth back or to ask to have it back after it has been lost or taken away 收 回；要求收回：You'll have to go to the police station to reclaim your wallet. 你得跑趟警察局 领回你的钱包。◊ T he team reclaimed the title from their rivals. 该队击败众多竞争对手，夺 回了冠军。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to recover sth/get sth back/retrieve sth from sb/sth ■ to recover/regain/get back control/the lead ■ to recover/get back/retrieve your costs/expenses/losses/money ■ to recover/get back tax/your investment ■ to recover/get back/retrieve/reclaim stolen property get 'back to sb to reply to sb or contact them again by letter or by telephone （通过信 件或电话）答复（或再联系）：Leave a message and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. 留个信 儿吧，我尽早联系你。 ◊ They never got back to me about my order. 订单给了他们后就杳无 音讯。 ♦ v + adv + prep get 'back to sth to stan doing or talking about sth again; to return to sth 重新开始做 （或说）；回到…上：To get back to what I was saying ... 再谈一下我前面所说的.... ◊ once I was awake I couldn't get back to sleep. 我一醒就再 也睡不着了。 ◊ Let's get back to the point. 我们 回到正题上来吧。 ♦ v + adv + prep get back with sb; .get back to gether to begin a romantic relationship with sb again, after you have been apart for some time （和某人）恢复恋情，再续前缘：Jack's getting back with his ex-girlfriend. 杰克和前女 友重归于好了。 ◊ Jack and his girlfriend are getting back together.杰克和女友重归于好了。 -> see also GET TOGETHER 2 ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + adv + adv get behind （with sth） to not go as fast as is necessary or as other people; to not produce sth at the right time （在...方面）落后，拖 延，拖欠：Once I get behind （with my work） it's very hard to catch up. 我（工作）一旦落下，就 很难赶上。 ◊ We're getting behind with the rent. 我们拖欠租金了。 SYN drop behind, drop behind sb/sth; fall behind, fall behind sb/sth OPP get ahead ♦ v + adv get be hind sb/sth 1 to move into a position behind sb/sth 到…后面：If you get behind the tree, she won't see you. 你躲到树后 面她就看不到你了。 ◊ He seems to go mad when he gets behind the wheel of a car. 他一旦手握方 向盘开车，就像发了疯似的。 2 to reveal the truth about sth 显露，揭露（内幕）：This is a programme that really gets behind the world of pop music. 这个节目确实向人们展示了流行音乐 界不为人知的一面。 3 (especially AmE） to support sb/sth and help them to succeed 支 持；扶持：The whole town got behind him/the campaign. 全镇的人都支持他/这场运动。 ♦ v + prep get beyond sth 1 （.also .get past sth） to move or advance further than a particular place 超过，超出（某处）：I haven't been able to get beyond chapter one. 我还没能看完第一章 呢。 ◊ When we got beyond York, it started to snow. 我们过了约克就开始下雪了。 2 （also .get past sth） to make progress so that you no longer do or are interested in a particular thing 超出，超脱（某事物）：Hasn't she got beyond/past the stage of sucking her thumb yet? 她还没有度过吮吸拇指的阶段吗？ 3 to become more than sth 超过；大于；多于： What if our losses get beyond 10%? 如果我们亏 损超过 10% 怎么办？ ♦ v + prep IDM get beyond a 'joke to become annoying and no longer acceptable 变得令人恼火（或无 法接受）：This rain is getting beyond a joke. Let's go inside. 这雨越来越烦人了，我们进 屋吧。 get 'by to manage to live or do a particular thing using the money, knowledge, equip- ment, etc. that you have （靠…）维持生计， 勉强应付：How does she get by on such a small salary? 靠这点儿工资, 她怎么生活？。'Are you earning more money now? ' I get by.' " 你现在 赚钱多一些了吗？" “ 够糊口吧。" ◊ She's got a deadline to meet, so she's getting by on virtually no sleep. 为了不误最后期限，她几乎没 怎么睡觉。◊ I don't know a lot of Italian, but I can get by. 我意大利语会得不多，但能勉强对 付。 ◊ To begin with, you can get by with a few simple tools. 首先，你可以将就着用几件简单的 工具。 ◊ Getting by isn't good enough for me. I want to be successful. 我并不满足于得过且过。 我想有所成就。 ♦ v + adv get by; get by sb/sth -> GET PAST, GET PAST SB/STH get 'down 1 （from sth） to move from a higher position to a lower one （从）下来， 下去：The driver got down from his truck to help me. 司机从卡车上下来帮我。OPP get up 2 to bend downwards from a standing position and sit, lie, etc. on the ground （在地上）坐 下，躺下：The children got down on their hands and knees and pretended to be lions. 孩子们四 肢着地，扮成狮子。 ◊ He's going to shoot! Get down! 他要开枪了！卧倒！ OPP get up 3 （to sth/ ... ） to visit or arrive at a place further south in the country than the place where you live 去（或到）一国的南部；南下: How long did it take you to get down here? 你南下到这里用了 多长时间？ OPP get up 4 （from sth） （BrE） （of children 儿童）to leave the table after a meal 饭后离开餐桌：Please may I get down （from the table）? 我可以离开（饭桌）了吗？ 5 （to sth） （informal） to go to a place 去（某处）：I'll get down there straight away. 我马上就去那里。◊ I've got five minutes to get down to the store. 我 有五分钟时间去商店。 6 （AmE, informal） to relax and enjoy yourself, especially in a very lively way 轻松快活；娱乐: Let's get down and party! 咱们尽情狂欢吧！ ♦ v + adv get down； get down sth to move from a higher place to a lower one, for example using stairs, a rope, etc.（通过阶梯、绳索等） 下来，下去：What are you doing on the table? Get down now! 你在桌上干什么？ 马上下来！ ◊ Did you get down the hill without any dif- ficulty? 你下山顺利吗？ ◊ How does water get down the back of the sink? 水怎么从水槽后面流 下去呢？ OPP get up, get up sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get sb down （informal） to make sb feel sad or depressed 使悲伤；使沮丧；使忧郁：This weather is really getting me down. 这天气实在 让我觉得压抑。 ◊ Don't let it get you down too much, 别太介意这事。 SYN depress sb NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv get sb/sth down 1 （to sth/ ... ） to send or move sb/sth to a place, often a place further south in a country 派遣（某人）去（常 指一国的南部）；运送（某物）去（常指一国的 南部）；派遣（某人）南下；运送（某物）南下: Get somebody down here straight away. 马上派 人南下到这里来。 ◊ We'll need to get the boat down to the south coast. 我们得把船开到南部海 岸。OPP get sb/sth up 2 （from sth） to move sb/sth from a higher position to a lower one （从…）把（某人）带下来，将（某物）拿下来: Can you get a jar down from the shelf for me? 你帮我从搁板上拿个罐子下来好吗？ ◊ He got the baby down from the high chair and put her on the floor. 他把孩子从高脚椅上抱下来，放到地 板上。 ◊ Get your head down! He's going to shoot! 低头！ 他要开枪了！ NOTE informal spoken language get sb down sth and, less often, get sb sth down, are also used 非正式口 语也说 get sb down sth 和 get sb sth down, 但后 者不常用：Can you get me down that book?你 能帮我把那本书取下来吗？ ◊ Can you get me that book down? 你能帮我把那本书取下来吗？ NOTE Not used in the passive, 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv get sth down 1 （also .get sth down sb/you informal） to swallow sth, usually with dif- ficulty （勉强）吞下，咽下：The medicine was so horrible I could hardly get it down. 这药太苦 了，难以下咽。 ◊ Get this tea down you, then you'll feel better. 喝下这杯茶，你就会感觉好点 的。 SYN swallow sth 2 to make a note of or record sth 记录； 写下：Get it down in writing. 把它写下来。◊ I just managed to get down the car's registration number. 我勉强记下了汽车的 牌照号码。 ◊ Did you get his name and tele- phone number down? 你记下他的名字和电话号 码了吗？ SYN note sth down; take sth down; write sth down 3 to reduce sth, especially the cost or price of sth 削减，压低（尤指成本或价 格）:If we bargain, we may be able to get the price down. 如果我们还价，有可能把价格压下 去。 ◊ How can I get my blood pressure down? 我如何才能把血压降下来？ SYN bring sth down; lower sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （less frequent） 1 also v + n/pron + prep ,get sb/sth 'down sth to manage to move sb/sth from a higher place to a lower one, for example using stairs, a rope, etc.（通过阶 梯、绳索等）设法把...弄下来：I can't get the bookcase down the stairs on my own. 我一个人 没法把书柜搬下楼梯去。 响有 Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep get down on sb/sth （for sth） （AmE, slang） to think that sb/sth is wrong and to criticize them 认为…有错而加以指责：She's always getting down on me for coming in late. 她老是 批评我迟到。 ◊ It's easy to get down on kids from day to day and forget their good points. 家 长很容易成天数落孩子，而忘记他们的优点。 ♦ v + adv + prep 、 get down to sth; get down to doing sth to begin to do sth; to give serious atten- tion to sth 着手做；开始认真对待：Let's get down to business straight away. 咱们马上开始 干正事吧。 ◊ Isn't it about time you got down to work? 你是不是该开始工作了？ ◊ Read the text all the way through before you get down to translating it. 先把原变通读一遍，然后再动手 翻译。 [OBJ] business, work -> note at START ON STH ♦ v + adv + prep get in； get 'into sth 1 to arrive at a place 到达（某地）：When do you normally get in （= arrive home） from work? 你一般什么时间 下班回到家？ ◊ What time do you get into work in the morning? 你早上几点上班？ ◊ The train got in late. 火车晚点到达。◊ What time does your flight get into Heathrow? 你的航班几点到 达希思罗机场？ 2 （also .get 'in sth informal） to succeed in entering a place, especially a building （成功）进入（尤指建筑物）；进去： How did the burglars get in? 盗贼是如何进来 的？ ◊ They broke a window to get into the house. 他们打破一扇窗户，闯进了屋子。 ◊ You can't get in without a ticket. 无票不得入场。 ◊ Maybe we can get in the window? 也许我们可以 从窗户爬进去？ OPP get out, get out of sth 3 （also .get in sth） to enter or go inside sth 进 入（某物）：He ran to the car, got in and drove off. 他跑到汽车旁，钻到里面开走了。 ◊ I saw Jan getting into a cab. 我看见简进了一辆出租 车。 ◊ Hurry up and get into bed. 快点上床。 ◊ Get in the car! 上车！ ◊ He needs help getting in the bath. 他需要有人扶着进浴缸。 ◊ Luckily the poison hasn't got into her bloodstream. 幸运的 是毒素还没进入她的血液。 ◊ The smell of smoke got into all my clothes. 烟味渗进了我所有的衣 服。OPP get out, get out of sth -> note at GET ON, GET ON STH 4 to be elected to a political position 当选：They need 326 seats to get in. 他 们需要 326 个席位才能当选。 ◊ The Republican candidate got in with a small majority. 共和党 候选人以微弱多数当选。 ◊ When did she first get into Parliament? 她首次当选议会议员是什么时 候？ 5 to gain a place at a school, college, university, etc. 被学校录取；被接受入学：She's applied for Cambridge, but doesn't know if she'll get in. 她申请了剑桥大学，但不知能否被录取。 ◊ I tried to get into Harvard, but I wasn't accepted. 我想进哈佛大学，但没被接受。 6 （also .get in sth informal） （BrE, sport） to be chosen as a member of a sports team 入选 （运动队）：He played well at the trials and got in. 他在选拔赛中表现良好，因此入选。 ◊ I'll never get into the senior side. 我永远进不了成年 队。 ◊ Did you get in/into the team? 你入选这 支队伍了吗？ -> see also GET INTO STH; GET INTO STH, GET SB/YOURSELF INTO STH ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get 'in sth -> GET IN, GET INTO STH 2,3,6 get sb in 1 to call sb to your home, etc. to do a job for you 请（某人）来（家里等）做事: We'll have to get a plumber in to mend the pipe. 我们得找个管子工来修理管道。 2 to attract a large audience 吸引（大批观众）：A comedy usually gets the crowds in. 喜剧通常能吸引大批 观众。 SYN pull sb in 3 （also .get sb 'into sth） to fit sb in a small place让（某人）进入狭小空 间： Can you get another person in? （= in a car, for example）能再挤进去一个人吗？ SYN fit sb/sth in, fit sb/sth into sth 4 （also ,get sb into sth） to make it possible for sb to get into a place, attend an event, etc. 使能进入（某 处）；使能参加（活动等）：If I come to the stage door, can you get me in? 要是我到后台门 口，你能让我进去吗？ NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （rare} get sth 'in 1 to collect or gather sth and bring it inside a place 收集；收割：Did you get in the washing when it started raining? 雨下起 来的时候，你把晾晒的衣服收进来了吗？ ◊ Can you get the bags in from the car? 你把车上的那 些袋子拿进来好吗？ ◊ We worked hard all week to get the com in. 我们收割谷物，苦干了整整一 星期。 SYN bring sth in 2 to buy a supply of sth 购买；买进：Have you got your coal in for the winter yet? 你买好过冬的煤了吗？ ◊ w'll you be getting any more of these dresses in? 你们还 进这些连衣裙吗？ ◊ （informal） Who's going to get the beers in （= buy beer for everybody）? 谁 来为大家买啤酒？ 3 to manage to do, have, etc. sth, although there is not much time （挤 出时间）设法做某事： 1 can only get in an hour's piano practice a day. 我每天只能抽出一小时练 钢琴。 ◊ We ought to get in another meeting before the end of the month. 月底前我们应该争 取再开一次会。SYN fit sth in 4 to manage to say sth, usually when there are lots of people talking （很多人说话时）找到说话机会：She talks so much that it's impossible to get a word in. 她说起话来滔滔不绝，让人一句话都插不进。 去。◊ 'Excuse me； I eventually got in, ’I think I can help you.‘ “打扰一下，" 我终于插上了 话， “我想我可以帮你。" [OBJ] word 5 to manage to finish a piece of work and give it to sb, for example your teacher 提交（完成的工 作）: Did you manage to get your project in on time? 你最后按时提交项目报告了吗？ 6 （also .get sth 'into sth） to fit sth in a small place 把...放进（狭小空间）：How are we going to get everything in? 我们怎样把所有东西都放进去 呢？ SYN fit sth in, fit sth into sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n 3 v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv （less frequent） ♦ 4 also v + adv + speech IDM （not） get a word in edgeways （BrE） （AmE （not） get a word in 'edgewise） to （not） be able to say anything because sb else is talking too much 能（或不能）插上话：When those two get together, you can't get a word in edgeways. 他 俩凑到一块儿，就没你说话的份儿了。 get 'in on sth (informal） to become involved or take part in an activity 参与，参加（活动）： How did she manage to get in on the deal? 她怎 么参与到这项交易的？ ◊ He's hoping to get in on any discussions about the new project. 他盼望着 参加有关新项目的任何讨论。 -> see also BE IN ON STH ♦ v + adv + prep IDM get in on the 'act （informal） to become involved in an activity that sb else has started, especially to get sth for yourself （尤指为私 利）参与，插手，染指（他人开始的活动）： Since the success of the first four-wheel drives, other companies are getting in on the act too. 第 一批四轮驱动汽车取得市场成功后，其他公司也 竞相推出类似产品。 get in with sb （informal） to try to become friendly with sb, especially in order to gain an advantage for yourself （尤指为捞取好处与 某人）成为朋友，拉关系，套近乎：Have you noticed how he's trying to get in with the boss? 他在竭力巴结老板，你注意到了没有？ ◊ She got in with a bad crowd at school 她在学校结交了 一帮环人。 ♦ v + adv + prep get 'into sb ♦ v + prep IDM what has got into sb? used to say that sb has started to behave in a strange or differ- ent way （表示某人行为反常起来）…怎么了： Wha’s got into you? 你是怎么回事？ ◊ I don't know what's got into Georgia recently—she's so bad-tempered. 我不知道乔治娅最近怎么了 -- 她动不动就发火。 get 'into sth 1 to put on a piece of clothing, especially with difficulty （尤指费力地）穿上：I can't get into these shoes. 这双鞋我穿不进去。◊ She wants to get into a size 40. 她想穿 40 号 的。 ◊ Go upstairs and get into your pyjamas. 上 楼去穿上睡衣吧。 2 to start a career in a particular profession 涉足（某个行业）；开始 从事（某种职业）：Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何进 入广告业吗？ 3 （also get into doing sth） to become involved in an activity; to start sth 参 与（活动）；开始（某事）：We got into a conversation about pollution. 我们谈起了污染 问题。 ◊ He got into taking drugs at school.他 在学校沾上了毒品。。Sam's always getting into fights. 萨姆老是打架。 ◊ Are you sure you know what you're getting into? 你确实清楚你要干什 么吗？ [OBJ] conversation, fight, argument 4 to develop a habit, a routine, etc. 养成（某种习 惯）；形成（某种惯例）：I don't want to get into bad habits. 我不想沾染恶习 ◊ We've got into a routine now. 我们现在已经成了习惯。 ◊ Get into the habit of checking your work carefully. 要养成仔细检查作业的习惯。 [OBJ] habit, routine EEQ get out of sth 5 （informal） to develop a taste for or an interest in sth 培 养（某种兴趣爱好）：OPP really getting into jazz these days. 我最近真的开始喜欢上爵士乐了。 6 to become familiar with sth; to learn sth 开始 熟悉；学会: I haven't really got into my new job yet. 我还未真正熟悉我的新工作。 7 to be found and used in a particular way or by particular people 作…之用; 被（某些人）得到: I hope the story doesn't get into the papers, 我希望此事不 要见报。 ◊ I don't want this file getting into the wrong hands （= getting to people who should not see it）. 我不想让这份文件让那些不该看的人 看到。 -> see also GET IN, GET INTO STH; GET INTO STH, GET SB/YOURSELF INTO STH ♦ v + prep get into sth; .get sb/yourself into sth to reach a particular state or condition, especially a bad or unpleasant one; to make sb do this （使）处于，陷于（某种状态或境 地）: Jerry was always getting into trouble as a boy. 杰里小时候经常闯祸。 ◊ Her little brother was always getting her into trouble. 她弟弟过去 经常给她惹麻烦。 ◊ My sense of humour often gets me into trouble! 我的幽默感常常给我带来 麻烦。 ◊ The company has got into difficulties （= financial problems）. 公司陷入了困境。 ◊ His passion for sailing has got him into debt. 他对 帆船运动的热爱使他背上了债务。 ◊ That's another fine mess I've got myself into! 那是我又 一次把事情搞得一塌糊涂！ ◊ Do you realize what you're getting （yourself） into? 你明白这样 会（让自己）陷入什么处境吗？ OPP get out of sth; get sb/yourself out of sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 -> see also GET IN, GET INTO STH; GET INTO STH ♦ v+ prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep IDM get sb into 'bed to persuade sb to have a sexual relationship with you 诱使某人与自己 上床；把某人弄到手 get sb/sth 'into sth -> get sb in, get sth in get 'off 1 to leave a place or start a journey 离开；出发；起程： We ought to get off straight after breakfast. 我们应该早饭后立即动身。 ◊ to get off to bed/work 上床睡觉去 / 上班去 2 （with sth） to escape or nearly escape punishment （以…）逃过惩罚，几乎免受处罚：He got off with a small fine. 他交一点罚款就把事了结了。 ◊ Companies who pollute the environment have been getting off lightly. 那些污染环境的公司只 受到轻微的处罚。 3 （with sth） to escape or nearly escape injury in an accident （除 了…） 幸免于难，逃过一劫：She was lucky to get off with just a few bruises. 她所幸并无大碍. 只有 几处碰伤。 4 （BrE, informal） to go to sleep 入 睡：I couldn't get off to sleep last night, 我昨晚 睡不着。 5 （AmE, informal, disapproving） to be brave enough to say or do sth 敢于说（或做） 某事：I don't know where you get off saying that musicians don't make much money. 我不知道你 怎么居然会说音乐家赚钱不多。 6 （ △， slang） to achieve sexual satisfaction 达到性高潮 ♦ v + adv IDM get off to a flying start; get off to a flyer to make a very good start, 很好的开端；有良 好的起步；开门红：The team have got off to a flying start this season. 该队本赛季开局不错。 get off on the right/wrong foot （informal） to start a relationship well/badly 异论时关系良 好 / 不好： Mark and I managed to get off on the wrong foot. 马克和我开始交往时就关系很僵。 get off; get off sb （informal） used to tell sb to stop touching sb （要求对方）别碰（某 人）, 走远点：Get off （me）! You're hurting my arm! 别碰我！你弄疼我的胳膊了！ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 get off alight ♦ disembark ♦ dismount （from sth） ♦ get off （sth） ♦ get out （of sth） These verbs all mean to get out of a form of transport such as a car or bus, or get down from a form of transport such as a bicycle or horse. 这些动词都表示从交通工具上下来。 alight （formal） to get out of a bus, train or other vehicle 下（车等）：He would alight at Piccadilly Circus. 他会在皮卡迪利广场下车。 disembark （formal） to leave a vehicle, especially a ship or plane, at the end of a journey T （尤指船或飞机）；上岸；登陆： We will be disembarking at midday. 我们将在 中午下船。 ► disembarkation n [U]: All crew should get ready for disembarkation. 全体乘务 人员应为下客作好准备。 dismount （from sth） to get off a horse, bicycle or motorcycle 下（马、自行车或摩托 车）:She stopped her horse and dismounted. 她停住，下了马。 get off （sth） to leave a form of transport such as a bus, plane, train, etc; to get down from a horse or bicycle 下（公公汽车、飞机、火 车、马、自行车等）：Get off at the next stop. 在下一站下车。 ◊ They were arrested when they got off the plane. 他们一下飞机即被 逮捕。 get out （of sth） to get out of a vehicle such as a car 下（车等）: She stopped the car and ordered him to get out. 她停下车，命令他下 车。 ◊ If you feel sleepy, get out of the car and walk around. 要是发困，就下车走走。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to get out/get off/disembark/alight at... to disembark/alight/dismount from sth ■ to get off/dismount from a horse/motorcycle/bicycle ■ to get off a bus/plane/train ■ to get out of a car get off; get off sth 1 to leave a bus, train, plane, etc. that you are travelling in 下 （公共汽车、火车、飞肮等）：Ask the driver where to get off. 问问司机在哪儿下车。 ◊ Let's get off the bus and walk the rest of the way. 咱 们下公共汽车，步行走完剩下的路吧。OPP get on, get on sth -> see also GET OUT, GET OUT OF STH 2 2 to move your body from sth you are sitting, standing, lying, etc. on, down to the ground （从…）下来，下去（到地面）：Get off the table at once! 马上从桌上下来！ ◊ Your bike's got a flat tyre. You'd better get off and walk. 你的自行车轮胎没气了。你最好下车步 行。 3 to leave work with permission 获准离 开工作岗位；下班： I normally get off at 5.30, but I'll try to get off earlier. 我一般 5 点 30 分下 班，但我会争取提早点。 ◊ What time do you get off work tomorrow? 你明天几点下班？ 4 to stop touching sth 停止触摸，不再碰（某物）： Get off those cakes! They're for your grand- parents. 别碰那些蛋糕！ 那是给你爷爷奶奶的。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get off sth 1 to leave a place where you should not be 离开（不该逗留的地方）：Get off my land! 从我的土地上走开！ [OBJ] land, pro- perty 2 to stop discussing a particular subject 停止讨论，不再谈论（某一话题）：Doesn't she ever get off the subject of money? 她可曾停止过 谈钱？ [OBJ] subject 3 to stop using the tele- phone 挂断（电话）: Can you tell me when you get off the phone? 能告诉我什么时候你打完电话 吗？ ◊ Get off that phone! I'm waiting for a call. 别用那部电话！我在等电话呢。[OBJ] phone, line OPP get on sth 4 to stop using or doing sth that you have been using or doing as a habit 戒掉；戒除：I'm determined to get off the drugs. 我决心戒毒。[OBJ] drugs, drink -> see also GET SB OFF STH 1 5 （AmE） to say or write sth amusing 说（或写）有趣的事 ♦ v + prep get off it! （AmE， informal） used to tell sb to stop saying sth that you think is silly or annoying （用于劝告）前犯傻了，别烦人了、 得了吧：‘ I told you it wouldn't be easy!' 'Oh, get off it. I'm doing just fine." “ 我警告过你，这事 可不容易！" “ 嗨，别扯了。我干得不赖。” get off my back/* case (informal） used to ask sb to stop annoying you by criticizing you or telling you to do things （用于警告）别对我评 头论足，别对我指手画脚。 get （sth） off the ground to start happening successfully; to make sth do this （使）顺利开始，成功启动: The project was slow to get off the ground. 这个 项目迟迟不能上马。◊ to get a new company off the ground 使新公司顺利开业 get sb off 1 （to ... ） to make or help sb leave a place or start a journey 使动身，使起 程（去…）：I'll come after I've got the children off to school. 我打发孩子们上学去后就来。 2 to make a baby, a child, etc. fall asleep 使（婴 儿、孩子等）人睡： She got the baby off to sleep by rocking her. 她轻轻摇动让宝宝入睡了。 ◊ When did you eventually get him off? 你最后是 什么时候让他睡过去的？ [OBJ] baby 3 （also .get sb off sth） to help sb to escape punishment 使 免受惩罚；使逍遥法外：She's relying on clever lawyers to get her off. 她指望高明的律师能帮她 免受惩罚。◊ They managed to get him off the charge. 他们设法使他逃过了指控。 Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv 3 also v + n/pron + prep get sth off 1 to send sth by post/mail 邮寄：I must get these letters off tonight. 我必须今晚把 这些信件寄出去。SYN send sth off （to sb） 2 to remove sth from sth; to manage to remove sth from sth （设法从…上）取掉，拿掉：Get your coat off and come and sit down. 把外套脱了， 过来坐下。 ◊ Her finger was so swollen, that she couldn't get her ring off, 她的手指肿得连戒指都 摘不下。[OBJ] clothes, coat take sth off 3 to have permission from your employer not to go to work for a particular period of time 获 准（某段时间）不上班；请到假： Can you get some time off next week? 你下个星期能休息几 天吗？ ◊ I'll see if I can get the day off. 我看看能 否请一天假。[OBJ] time, day, week SYN take sth off -> see also GET STH OFF STH 2 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM get it off （with sb） （AmEt A, slang） to have sexual relations with sb; to have strong feelings of sexual pleasure （和某人）发生性 关系, 达到性高潮 get sb off sth 1 to help sb to stop using or doing sth that they are in the habit of using or doing 使戒掉；使戒除：I need professional help to get me off the alcohol. 我需要专业指导帮我戒 酒。 -> see also GET OFF STH 4 2 to stop sb from discussing a particular subject 使停止讨 论；使不再谈论：I couldn't get him off politics once he'd started 他一谈起政治我就没法让他停 下。 3 -> GET SB OFF 3 OPP get sb onto sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep get sth off sb (informal) to succeed in get- ting sb to give you sth 从 (某人处) 弄到：Did you get that money off him? 你跟他要到那笔钱 了吗？ ◊ Our team couldn't get the ball off them. 我们队没法从他们那里抢到球。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep get sth 'off sth 1 to manage to remove sth from sth; to remove sth from somewhere (设 法) 从…上取掉，从…处挪开: Can you get the top off this bottle? 你能打开这个瓶盖吗？ ◊ She got a jar of coffee off the shelf. 她从搁板上取下 一罐咖啡。 ◊ Get your feet off the chair! 别把双 脚放在椅子上！ 2 to get permission from your employer not to go to work during a particu- lar period of time 获准 (某段时间) 不上班； 请到假： Do you think you can get the week off work? 你认为你能请到一个星期的假吗？ [OBJ] time, day, week -> see also GET STH OFF SYN take sth off sth NOTE Not used in the passive, 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ 1 v + n/pron + prep ♦ 2 v + n/pron + prep + n get off on sth； get off on doing sth (informal) to become very excited by sth often in a sexual way or because of drugs (常 指性兴奋或毒品作用) 因…而兴奋，因…而激动: She seems to get off on shouting at people. 她似 乎以对人大喊大叫为乐。 ♦ v + adv + prep get off with sb； .get off together (informal, especially BrE) to start a sexual or romantic relationship with sb (与某人) 发生 性关系，产生恋情：Sam got off with Kate at the party. 在聚会上，萨姆和凯备搞到了一起。◊ They got off together at the party. 他们在聚会 上搞到了一起。◊ He was trying to get off with Her. 他在设法泡她。 ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + adv + adv get on 1 (BrE） (also .get along) (with sb/together) to have a friendly relationship with sb (与某人) 关系友好，相处融洽：My mum and I never really got on (together). 妈妈 和我从未真正和睦相处过。 ◊ Do you get along all right with your boss? 你和你的老板合得来 吗？ ◊ Do you and your boss get along all right? 你和你的去板合得来吗？ ◊ I'm glad you get on so well with her. 我很高兴你和她相处得如此融 洽。 2 (with sth) to start an activity or continue doing sth, especially after an inter- ruption 开始 (活动)；(尤指中断后) 继续：Be quiet and get on with your dinner! 别吵，继续 吃你的饭！ ◊ Let's get on with the meeting. 我们 继续开会吧。 ◊ She got on with the job quietly. 她默不作声地开始工作了。 ◊ If you're going to tell us, just get on with it! 你想告诉我们，就说 吧。 ◊ I'd love to talk but I must get on. 我倒想 聊聊，可我必须继续工作了。 ◊ All I want is to get on with my life. 我只想继续生活。3 （in sth） to be successful in your career （事业上）获得 成功： She's keen to get on in her career. 她很想 干一番事业。 ◊ Having contacts is the only way to get on in the art world. 建立关系网是在艺术 界取得成功的唯一途径。 4 （also .get along） （with sth） used to talk about how well sb is doing a task, managing a situation, etc. （在…上） 有进展： How's Jan getting on at college? 简在大学怎么样了？ ◊ Are you getting on alright with your project? 你的项目进展还顺 利吧？ ◊ I can get along without him easily. 没 有他我也能应付自如。◊ I'm not getting on very fast with this job. 我这项工作进展不太快。 ◊ How did you get on in your exams? 你考试怎么 样了？ 5 （often used in the progressive tenses 常 用于进行时）to leave a place, because you have lots to do （因要做的事情很多）出发，离 开： It's time we were getting on. 我们该动身了。 -> see also GET ALONG 1 ♦ v + adv IDM be getting on 1 （of a person 人）to be becoming old 年事渐高；上了年纪 2 （of time 时间）to be becoming late 渐晚：The time's getting on—we ought to be going. 时候不早 了---我们该动身了。be getting on for ... to be near a particular time, age or number 接 近，靠近（某个时刻、年龄或数字）：It must be getting on for midnight. 一定快到午夜了。 ◊ I think he's getting on for 40. 我想他将近 40 岁 了。 be getting on towards/toward ... （especially AmE） to be near a particular time, especially a time that is late 接近，将近（尤指 较晚的时刻）：It must be getting on toward midnight by now. 现在一定快到午夜了。 get 'on； .get 'on sth 1 （also .get onto sth） to get into a bus, plane, train, etc. 乘上，登上 （公共汽车、飞机、火车等）：How did he manage to get on the wrong plane? 他怎么会上 错飞机？ ◊ Did Jack manage to get on? 杰克最 后上车了吗？ ◊ Did anyone see Sue getting onto the bus? 有没有人看见休上公共汽车？ ◊ He got on his bike and rode off. 他骑上自行车走了。 [OBJ] plane, bus, train, bicycle SYN board, board sth （more formal） OPP get off, get off sth NOTE Enter sth cannot be used with this meaning. * enter sth 不作此义。 2 （also ,get 'onto sth） to move your body so that you are standing, sitting or lying on sth 站（或坐、 躺）到…上：How did the rabbit get onto the table? 兔子怎么跑到桌子上去了？ OPP get off, get off sth 3 to leave one road and join another （从一条路）拐上（另一条路）：You'll need to get on the motorway, 你得上高速公路。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get on sth 1 （to sb） to pick up the telephone and try to call sb 拨打（电话）（给某人）：Get on the phone （to them） and tell them you can't come. （给他们）打个电话告诉他们你去不成 了。[OBJ] phone, telephone, line 033 get off sth 2 （also ,get 'onto sth） to be successful in being chosen to do sth such as be on a radio or television programme, etc. 被选中（上广播 或电视节目等）：She'd do anything to get on the telly. 为了上电视，她可以不择手段。 3 （also ,get onto sth） to gain a place on a course, a committee, etc. 得到，获得（名额等）：I was very lucky to get onto the course. 能够上这门课 程，我很幸运。 4 （also ,get onto sth） to be dropped, rubbed, etc. on sth; to fall on sth 掉 到（或抹到等）…上；落到…上： How did that mud get on the carpet? 那块泥巴是怎么掉到地 毯上去的? ◊ Be careful that the oil doesn't get onto your clothes. 小心别把油蹭到衣服上。 ♦ v + prep get on sth； get sb on sth used especially in offices to mean to make telephone calls, or to contact sb by phone （尤指在办公室）打电 话，打电话与（某人）联系: I'll get on the phone and find out exactly what he wants. 我来打个电 话，问问他到底想要什么。◊ I couldn't get him on the phone all day. 我打了一天电话都联系不 上他。 ◊ Shall I get her on the line? 要不要我打 个电话给她？ NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + prep ♦ v + n/pron + prep get sth on 1 to put on, or to manage to put on, an item of clothing, jewellery, etc.（设 法）穿上，戴上：Get your coat on and we'll go for a walk. 穿上外套，我们散步去。 ◊ My finger's swollen and I can't get my ring on. 我的 手指肿了，戒指戴不上。 [OBJ] coat, shoes OPP get sth off 2 to start preparing or cooking a meal, a drink, etc, 开始准备，开始做（饭菜、 饮料拿）: It's nearly six o'clock. I must get the dinner on. 快到六点了。我得开始做晚饭了。 ◊ Get the kettle on and make us a nice cup of tea. 烧壶水，给我们沏杯香茶吧。 [OBJ] dinner, kettle SYN put sth on NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ 1 v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （less frequent） ♦ 2v + n/pron + adv IDM, get it on （with sb） （slang, especially AmE） to have sex with sb （与某人）做爱 SYNONYMS同义词辨析 get on (sth) board (sth) ♦ embark ♦ get in (sth) ♦ get on (sth) ♦ mount (sth) These verbs all mean to get inside or onto a form of transport. 这些动词都表示乘上交通 工具。 board (sth) to get on a ship, plane, train, bus, etc. 上 (船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)： Passengers are waiting to board. 乘客在等待上 车。◊ She boarded a train for Philadelphia. 她 上了去费城的火车。NOTE If a plane or ship is boarding, it is ready for passengers to get on. 飞机或船正在 boarding 表示乘客可以登机 或登船。 embark to get onto a ship 上 (船)：Will all foot passengers get ready to embark. 请步行的 乘客准备上船。 ◊ The family embarked at Liverpool. 全家人在利物浦上了船。 ► embarkation n [U]: Embarkation will be at 14.20 hours. *14 点 20 分登船。 get in (sth) (also get into sth) to get inside a vehicle such as a car 上 (车等)：Rob got in beside me. 罗布挨着我上了车。◊ She checked the tyres and got back into the van. 她检查了 轮胎，然后回到客货车上。 get on (sth) (also get onto sth) to go onto or into a form of transport that carries several people, such as a plane, bus or boat; to move your body onto a form of transport such as a bicycle or horse 上 (飞机、公共汽 车、船、自行车、马等): It was time to get on the plane. 到了登机的时候 了。 ◊ We can get on the bus at the end of the road. 我们可在这条 路的尽头乘公共汽车。 He was stopped from getting onto the ferry at the port. 他被人拦在 码头上，没登上渡轮。 mount (sth) to get on a horse, bicycle, etc. in order to ride it 上 (马、自行车等)：He mounted his horse and rode away. 他骑上马走 了。 ◊ Carla waved and mounted her bike again. 卡拉挥了挥手，骑上了自行车。NOTE The use of mount without a direct object usually relates to getting on a horse * mount 不接直接宾语，通常指骑上马：Paul went up to the pony, mounted, and galloped off 保罗走 到小马跟前，上马飞奔而去。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to get in/get on/board/embark at... ■ to get on/mount a horse/motorcycle/bicycle ■ to get on/board a bus/plane/train ■ to get in a car get sb/sth 'on sth （also ,get sb/sth onto sth less frequent） 1 to manage to put sb/sth onto a place 设法把…放到…上面：It took four people to get the piano on the stage. 用了四个 人才把钢琴搬上舞台。 ◊ Get him onto a chair and call an ambulance. 把他抬到椅子上，叫辆 救护车。 2 to make sth reach a particular state or condition 使（某物）达到（某种状态或状 况）：How did you get mud on your coat? 你的 外套怎么蹭上泥了？ NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v+ n/pron + prep IDM get your 'hands on sb/sth to find, obtain or catch sb/sth 找到；得到；抓到: I'll need any- thing I can get my hands on. 凡是能到手的东 西，我都用得着。◊ Just wait until I get my hands on him! 我会逮到他的，等着瞧吧！ get on at sb to criticize sb a lot 不断批评: She's always getting on at me. 她动不动就唠唠 叨叨地数落我。 ♦ v + adv + prep get onto sb； ,get on to sb i （informal） to contact sb, especially by telephone or letter （尤指用电话或书信）与（某人）联系：if you've got a complaint you'd better get onto the manager. 想投诉，你最好找经理。 2 to become aware of sb's activities, especially ones they want to keep secret 觉察，察觉，识破（某人的 秘密活动）：I don't want the police getting onto me. 我不想被警方发现。 -> see also BE ONTO SB ♦ v + prep ♦ v + adv + prep get onto sth 1 -> GET ON STH 2,3,4 2 （also get on to sth） to begin to discuss a new subject 开始讨论， 转而谈论（新的话题）：We somehow got onto the subject of exams. 我们不 知怎么就谈起了考试。 ◊ It's time we got onto the question of cost. 我们该讨论成本问题了。 [OBJ] subject, question 3 （also .get 'on to sth） （informal） to start working on or thinking about sth 着手做，开始考虑（某事）：I'll get onto it right away. 我马上就开始。 -> see also BE ONTO STH 4 -> GET ON, GET ON STH 1,2 ♦ v + prep get sb onto sth； ,get sb on to sth 1 to introduce sb to sth, especially sth harmful 使 尝试（尤指有害的事）；教唆: Who got her onto drugs in the first place? 首先，是谁教她吸毒 的？ 2 to make sb start discussing a particular subject 使开始讨论（某个话题）：Don't get Ken onto politics or well be here all night! 不要让肯 谈起政治，否则我们就要在这里呆一夜了！ OPP get sb off sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep get sb/sth 'onto sth -> GET SB/STH ON STH get out 1 if news, etc. gets out, it becomes known, even though people are trying to keep it a secret （消息等）泄路，泄漏：If word gets out there'll be trouble. 要是走漏了风声就麻烦 了。 ◊ When it got out that we'd won the lottery, we couldn't escape press photographers. 我们中 彩的事传出去后就躲不开摄影记者了。 SYN leak out 2 to have a social life outside your home 外出参加社交活动：You need to get out more. 你 应该多出去社交。SYN go out -> see also GET AROUND 3 3 Get out! （AmE informal） used to show that you do not believe sth （表示难以 置信）真的吗？ Get out! Ed actually said that? 不 会吧！埃德真的那么说？ ♦ v + adv get out； get out of sth 1 to leave or go out of a place such as a car, a lift, a room or a house （从汽车、电梯、房间、屋子里等）出 来，出去：The car door opened and a tall man got out. 车门开了，一个高个男人下了车。 ◊ I have a lot: of trouble getting out of bed in the mornings. 我早晨总不想起床。 ◊ Close the door to stop the heat getting out. 把门关上，免得热 气跑出去。◊ Get out and don't come back! 滚出 去，别回来了！ ◊ Do you need help getting out of the bath? 你从浴缸出来要人帮忙吗？ OPP get in, get into sth -> note at GET OFF, GET OFF STH 2 to leave a car, etc. that you are travelling in 下（车等）：A car drew up and a stranger got out. 车停了下来，一个陌生人下了车。OPP get on, get on sth -> see also GET OFF, GET OFF STH 1 3 to manage to find a way out of a place 设法找到出路；设法（从…）出去：It's very difficult getting out of the city in the rush hour. 交通高峰时间很难应城。 ◊ The thieves must have got out through the window. 窃贼 一 定是从窗户逃出去的。 4 to leave a place, an organization, etc. in order to avoid difficulty or danger 离开（某个地方、机构等以避开困难 或危险）：They were able to get out of the country before the war started. 在战争爆发前他 们设法离开了这个国家。 ◊ The company's in trouble— you should get out while you can. 公 司有麻烦了 一你赶紧走人。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep get sb out （in cricket 板球）to end the time when sb is hitting the ball, for example by forcing them to make a mistake 把（某人）杀 出局：If England can get Richards out, they might win the match. 英格兰队如果能把理查兹 杀出局，就有可能赢得比赛。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （less frequent） get sb out； get sb out of sth to help or make sb leave a place 帮助（或促使）某人离开 （某处）: Get everyone out （= out of a build- ing） quickly! 让大家赶快出来! ◊ I couldn't get the kids out of bed this morning. 今天早晨我没 法叫孩子们起床。◊ （figurative'） I can't get her out of my mind. 我无法忘记她。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep get sth 'out 1 to say sth with difficulty 困难 地说出；勉强地说：She was laughing so much she could hardly get the words out. 她笑得几乎 说不出话来。 ◊ I wanted to tell him how I felt, but I couldn't get it out. 我想告诉他我的感受， 可我难以启齿。[OBJ] words 2 to produce or publish sth 制作；发表；出版：Wi'll we get the book out by the end of the year? 我们在年底前 会出版这本书吗？ NOTE Not used in the passive, 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （less frequent） get sth out； get sth out of sth 1 to remove or take sth out of a place, a container, etc. （从…处）移开；（从…中）拿出，取出： Get your violin out and we'll start the lesson. 拿 出小提琴，我们要开始上课了。 ◊ He started to get his wallet out （of his pocket） but I insisted on paying. 他伸手（从衣兜）掏皮夹，可我坚持 要付账。 I'll need to get some money out （= of the bank ）. 我需要（从银行）取点钱。 ◊ She got out her cigarettes and offered me one. 她拿出香 烟，给了我一支。◊ I'll try and get that book out of the library. 我来试试把那本书从图书馆借出 来。 ◊ （figurative） I can't get the argument out of my mind. 我忘不掉那次争吵。SYN take sth out, take sth out of sth 2 to remove a mark, etc. from sth 除去，擦掉（污痕等）：Did you manage to get out that oil stain? 你把那块油污 弄掉了吗？ ◊ I can't get the red wine out of the carpet. 我除不掉地毯上的红酒污渍。[OBJ] stain ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n （less frequent） ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep IDM get sth out of your system （informal） to do or say sth so that you no longer feel a very strong emotion or have a very strong desire 宣 泄，排解, 消解（强烈的感情或欲望）：I need to get the anger out of my system, 我得消消气。 ◊ You'll feel better once you've got it all out of your system. 你发泄完就会感觉好些的。 get 'out of sth 1 （also ,get 'out of doing sth） to avoid a responsibility or duty; to not do sth that you ought to do 逃避，规避， 摆脱（责任 或义务）:We promised we'd go—we can't get out of it now. 我们答应过要去的----现在不能 食言。◊ I'll see if I can get out of going to the meeting. 我来想想能否不去参加那个会。 2 to stop having a particular habit 放弃，抛弃，戒 除（习惯）：I can't get out of the habit of waking up early. 我早醒的习惯改不了。 ◊ I don't want the children to get out of their routine. 我 不想孩子们乱了生活规律。 ◊ Try to get out of the habit of eating between meals. 尽量改掉正 餐之间吃东西的习惯。[OBJ] habit, routine OPP get into sth 3 to escape from a difficult situation 摆脱，逃脱（困境） : Sometimes I feel III never get out of debt 有时我觉得我的债永远 也还不清。◊ How are we going to get out of this mess? 我们如何摆脱这种混乱局面？[OBJ] debt, mess, trouble OPP get into sth 4 to remove an item of clothing 脱下（衣服）：Come in and get out of those wet clothes. 进来把那些湿衣服 脱了。 OPP get into sth ♦ v + adv + prep ► get-out n [usually sing.] a way of avoiding sth; an excuse 回避，（或逃避）的办法；借口： They're looking for a good get-out. 他们在找个 好的托词。 ◊ The agreement contains a number of get-out clauses. 协议中有很多免责条款。 get out of sth； get sb/yourself out of sth to escape from a particular state or condition, especially a bad or unpleasant one; to make or help sb do this （使）解脱出来，摆 脱困境：Jack always uses his wits to get out of trouble. 杰克总能随机应变摆脱麻烦。 ◊ The situation is getting out of control. 局面即将失 控。 ◊ Who can get us out of this mess? 谁能帮 我们摆脱这种混乱局面？ ◊ This new job should help me get out of debt. 这份新工作应当能帮我 还清债务。 OPP get into sth; get sb/yourself into sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep get sth out of sb to obtain sth from sb, usually by persuading or threatening them （通过劝说或威胁）从（某人处）得到： The police have got a confession out of her. 警方逼 她招了供。 ◊ It's not worth trying to get money out of him! 求他给钱不值得！ ◊ 1 couldn't get a word out of her. 我从她那里探不到一点口风。 [OBJ] word, money, the best ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep get sth out of sth; get sth out of doing sth to gain, obtain or achieve sth from a particular occasion, situation or activity 从...中获得：She seems to get a lot out of life. 她似乎从生话中获益良多。 ◊ He gets a lot of pleasure out: of buying presents for the children. 给孩子们买礼物让他感到很快乐。 ◊ I didn't get much out of the conference. 这次会议 我没有什么收获。◊ I don't feel she's getting the most out of her studies. 我觉得她的学习效果不 够理想。 ◊ John gets a kick out of （= gets a lot of pleasure and excitement from） driving fast cars. 约翰觉得飙车很剌激。 [OBJ] pleasure, enjoyment ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep get 'over （also .get yourself over informal） [+adv/prep] to go to a place or to arrive some- where 去，到达（某地）：How much will it cost you to get over to Ireland? 到爱尔兰去要花多少 钱？。 I'd better get over there right now to see her. 我最好立刻到那里去见她。 ◊ Get yourself over there now and tell him how you feel. 你现 在就去那里，把你的感受告诉他。’ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + pron + adv get 'over sb/sth to return to your usual state of health, happiness, etc. after the end of a relationship with sb, an illness, a shock, etc. 从（关系破裂、疾病、震惊等）中恢复过来：He never really got over Jennifer （= when their relationship finished）. 自从和珍妮弗分手后， 他从未真正恢复过来。◊ I'm still getting over my cold. 我感冒还没好呢。◊ My pride was hurt, but Hl get over it. 我的自尊心受到了伤害，不过我 会想得开的。 ♦ v + prep get 'over sth 1 to deal with or gain control of sth 解决；克服；控制：Eddy's got to learn to get over his shyness. 埃迪必须学会克服羞怯心 理。 ◊ I think the problem can be got over with- out too much difficulty. 我想这个问题不太难解 决。[OBJ] shyness, problem SYN overcome sth 2 （informal） （usually used in a negative sentence with can't or couldn't 通常与 can't 或 couldn't 连接，用于否定句）to believe that sth sur- prising or unexpected really did happen or is true 相信（令人吃惊或出乎意料的事）：I can't get over （= I'm very surprised by） how much she's changed! 她变化如此之大，难以置信！ 3 to climb or cross sth high 攀登，攀爬，越过 （高处）：Can you get over the wall on your own? 你能自己翻过墙吗？ ♦ v + prep IDM get over it (informal） used to tell sb that they should stop worrying about sth which you think is not important or not their busi- ness （用于告诉别人不要为琐事或不相干的事瞎 操心）不用操心，少管闲事：These people don't like the way I dress. They should get over it! 这 些人不喜欢我的穿着。这不关他们的事！ get over yourself （informal） to realize that you are not as good, important, etc. as you think you are 有自知之明；不再自以为是：She needs to get over herself! 她应该知道自己有几斤 几两！ ♦ v+ prep get sb over [ +adv/prep] to arrange for sb to go or come to a place 安排（某人）去（或来某 处）: Get a reporter over here straight away! 马 上找一名记者来！ ◊ Shall we get my parents over for dinner tonight? 我们今晚请我父母来吃 饭好吗？ NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv get sth 'over 1 -> GET STH ACROSS （to sb） 2 （informal） to complete sth necessary and usu- ally unpleasant 完成，结束（令人不快但避免不 了的事）：Can we just get this test over? 我们把 这次考试考完好吗？ ◊ Let's tell her the news now and get it over with. 咱们现在把这件事告诉她 算了。◊ I'll be glad to get the exam over and done with. 考试结束我就称心了。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ 1 v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ 2 v + n/pron + adv get yourself 'over [+adv/prep] → GET OVER get sb/sth 'over sth -> GET SB/STH ACROSS STH get past; get past sb/sth （also .get by, get by sb/sth less frequent） 1 to manage to move past sb/sth （设法）超过，越过: He tried to get past them and run for the door. 他试图从 他们身边穿过，向门口跑去。 ◊ Once we get past this truck I can speed up. 我们一超过这辆卡 车，我就能提速了。 2 to pass sb/sth without being noticed, caught or stopped 通过（而不 被注意、抓住或拦下）：It'll be difficult to get past the ticket collector without paying. 不付钱 很难瞒过检票员的。 ◊ The movie will never get past the censors. 这部电影一定不会通过审查。 ◊ Very few goals get past the goalkeeper. 很少有 球能闯过这位守门员的十指关。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get past sth -> GET BEYOND STH 1, 2 get sb/sth past sb/sth 1 to manage to move sb/sth past sb/sth （设法）使通过，弄 过去：I couldn't get the baby's buggy past the car parked on the pavement. 人行道上停了辆车， 我没法把婴儿车推过去。 2 to make sb/sth go past sb/sth without being noticed, stopped or caught 使通过（而不被注意、拦下或抓住）： You won't get any goals past him! 你不可能把 球踢进他的球门的！ ◊ How did you get your article past the editor? 你的文章是如何通过编 辑审查的〉 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep get round; get round sth （BrE） （also get a round, get a round sth AmE， BrE） 1 （sport） to complete a course and return to the beginning （赛跑等）跑完一圈：How long did it take you to get round （the course）? 你跑完一圈 用了多长时间？ 2 to fit in a circle around a table, etc,（在桌子等周围）围一圈，围拢：Can we all get round （the table）? 我们大家围着（桌 子）能都坐下吗？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get round sb （also .get around sb especially AmE） to persuade sb to let you do or have sth, or to do what you want, often by being nice to them （通过讨好卖乖）说服使依顺：I'll try and get round my dad tonight and persuade him to give us a lift. 我今晚会想法哄爸爸开心， 说服他让我们搭个便车。 ♦ v + prep get round sth （BrE） 1 t get around sth 1 2 -> GET AROUND STH 2 3 （also ,get a round sth especially AmE） to deal with a problem successfully; to avoid sth 成功对付；解决; 回 避：There's no getting round it. We're just going to have to pay. 逃不掉了。我们只能付钱了。 ◊ A clever lawyer might be able to get round that clause. 高明的律师也许能找到规避那个条款的办 法。 ◊ There must be a way these rules can be got round. 肯定有办法绕开这些规定的。 ♦ v + prep get round/a'round to sth; get round/a'round to doing sth to find the time to do sth 抽时间做：I haven't got round to asking him yet. 我还没顾得上问他呢。 ◊ One of these days I'll get around to buying a new car. 我这几天会抽空去买辆新车。 ◊ I'm going to write to Uncle Joe, but I haven't got around to it yet. 我要给乔叔叔写信，可就是抽不出时间。 ♦ v + adv + prep get through 1 （to sb） to make contact with sb by telephone （接通电话）联系上（某人）:I tried ringing you but I couldn't get through. 我 试着给你打电话，但没打通。 ◊ We had great trouble getting through to the right person on the phone. 我们费了好大周折，才通过电话联系 到要找的人。 2 （to sb） to make sb understand or accept what you say to them, especially when you are trying to help them 传达信息 （给某人，尤指为提供帮助）：I don't feel I'm getting through （to her）. 我感觉我没有（向 她）说清楚意思。 ◊ Do you think the message is getting through? 你认为意思传达清楚了吗？ ◊ How can I get it through to him that he's wasting his life in that job? 我怎样才能让他明 白，他干那份工作是在浪费生命？ 3 （to sb/sth） to succeed in reaching a place or a person 到 达（某人处或某地）：Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don't get through （to them）. 如果这些物资运不到（他们）那里，数以千计的 难民就会死去。 4 （to sth） to reach the next stage of a competition 进入（下一阶段比赛）： Murray got through to the final. 穆雷进入了决 赛。 ◊ I really wasn't expecting to get through! 我真的没想到能进入下一轮比赛！ ♦ v + adv get 'through; get through sth 1 to survive a difficult or unpleasant experience or period in your life 挺过去；挺过（难关）：He wouldn't have got through （it） without her. 要 不是她，他不会挺过来的。 ◊ 1 don't know how I got through the day. 我不知道那一天我是如何 熬过来的。 ◊ These difficult times just have to be got through. 这些艰难的日子只能硬挺过去。 [OBJ] day SYN survive, survive sth -> see also GET SB THROUGH, GET SB THROUGH STH 1 2 to be successful in an examination, a test, etc. 通 过（考试等）：Tom failed but his sister got through. 汤姆考试不及格，可他姐姐顺利通过 了。 ◊ The whole class got through the exam. 全 班都通过了考试。[OBJ] exam SYN pass, pass sth 3 to manage to pass through a hole, gap, etc. to reach the other side 设法穿过（洞穴、缺口 等）: The gap's not very wide. Do you think you can get through? 豁口不太宽，你觉得你能钻过 去吗？ ◊ Sophie's probably small enough to get through the window. 索菲个头小，应该可以从 窗户钻过去。 ◊ The sun was still trying to get through （the clouds）. 太阳仍未冲破云雾阻挡。 [OBJ] window -> see also GET STH THROUGH, GET STH THROUGH STH 2 4 tv be officially approved or accepted 获得正式通过；获得采纳：Do you think the bill will get through （Congress）? 你认 为此议案能（在国会）通过吗？ iWlParliament, Congress -> see also GET STH THROUGH, GET STH THROUGH STH 1 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get through sth 1 （especially BrE） to use up the amount or quantity of sth mentioned 角 完； 耗尽：She gets through forty cigarettes a day. 她每天抽四十支香烟。 ◊ Have we got through all that milk already? 我们把那些牛奶 全喝光了吗？ 2 to manage to do or complete sth （设法）处理，完成：I've got a lot of work to get through today. 我今天有很多事要处理。 ◊ We must get through the syllabus before the end of the year. 年底前，我们必须完成教学大纲 ◊ There are a lot of jobs to be got through. 有很 多活儿要干。[OBJ] work ♦ v + prep get sb through; get sb through sth 1 to help sb survive a difficult or unpleasant experience or period in their life 帮某人挺过 去；帮某人挺过（难关）：I'm depending on luck to get me through, 我准备靠运气挺过去。◊ A good breakfast will help you get through the morning. 早餐吃好，能应府一上午。SYN bring sb through, bring sb through sth （AmE）-> see also GET THROUGH, GET THROUGH STH 1 2 to help sb to be successful in an examination, a test, etc. 帮助某人通过（考试等）：My mum got me through my driving test. 我妈妈帮我顺利通 过了驾照考试。 ◊ These grades should just get me through. 能得这些分数我就通过了。 -> see also GET THROUGH, GET THROUGH STH 2 3 （to sth） to help a player or team to reach the next stage of a competition 使（选手或队伍）进入 （下一阶段比赛）：He was responsible for getting them through that round. 他负责帮助他 们通过那轮比赛。 ◊ A stroke of luck may get us through to the final. 如果走运我们可能进入 决赛。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep get sth 'through （to sb/sth） to manage to send sth to a person or place 设法把...送 抵（某人处或某地）：I really need to get a mes- sage through to them. 我真的需要给他们传条信 息。 ◊ We must get food through to the hungry. 我们必须把食物送到忍饥挨饿的人们手中。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态 ♦ v + n/pron + adv get sth through; get sth through sth 1 to make sth be officially approved or accepted 使（在…）获得通过（或采纳）：I'm still trying to get the proposal through. 我仍在 努力使提案得以通过。 ◊ Will he manage to get the bill through parliament? 他能成功争取国会 通过议案吗？ [OBJ] bill 2 to cause sth to pass through sth 使通过（或穿过）：Can you get your car through the gate? 你能开车通过大门 吗？ ◊ My hair was so tangled that I couldn't get a comb through it. 我的头发乱得梳不顺。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 -> see also GET THROUGH, GET THROUGH STH 3 ♦ v 十 n/pron + adv ♦ v + n/pron + prep get to sb （informal） to begin to annoy, anger, upset or affect sb, even though, they try not to let it 开始影响（某人）的情绪；使厌烦；使生 气；使困扰：His constant nagging is beginning to get to her. 他的唠叨不休开始使她不胜其烦。 ◊ Don't let her get to you. 别让她影响你的情 绪。 ◊ Seeing him so sad really got to me. 看见 他悲痛欲绝，我实在于心不忍。 ♦ v + prep get to sth to arrive at a place or reach a particular situation, age, time, etc, 到达（某 地）；到了（某一状态、年龄、时间等）：The train gets to London at six o'clock. 火车六点钟 到伦敦。 ◊ I didn't get to bed until after midnight last night. 我昨晚半夜以后才上床。 ◊ It's got to the stage/point where I don't want to go home. 已经弄到我不想回家的地步了。 ◊ When you get to my age you're a bit more relaxed about things. 等到了我这个年纪，你对 各种事情就会看得开一些了。 ◊ It got to four o'clock and she still hadn't arrived. 已经四点钟 了，可她还没来。 ◊ I wonder where Anthony's got to （= where he is/what he is doing）? 不知 道安东尼去哪儿了/怎么样了？ [OBJ] bed, stage, point -> note at CATCH UP ♦ v + prep get to doing sth to reach the point where you do sth; to begin to do sth 取起（某事） 来；开始做（某事）：He got to thinking that perhaps she wouldn't come after all. 他开始琢 磨着也许她根本不会来了。 ♦ v + prep get together （with sb） 1 to meet with sb for social purposes or to discuss or organize sth （与某人）碰头，会面；聚集：We must get together for a drink some time, 我们什么时候得 聚一聚喝上一杯。 ◊ The management should get together with the union to discuss their differences. 资方应与工会一起开个会讨论他们的 分歧。 ◊ Local residents have got together and started a petition. 当地居民集合起来发起请愿。 2 to begin a relationship with sb （与某人）建 立关系：Did you two get together （with each other） at university? 你们俩是上大学时（相 互）结识的吗？ -> see also GET BACK WITH SB, GET BACK TOGETHER ♦ v + adv a get-together n （informal） an informal social meeting; a small party （非正式）聚会: a family get-together 家庭团聚 ◊ We're having a little get-together to celebrate Jane's exam results. 我们要小聚一番，庆祝简考出了好成绩。 get A and B together to help two people begin a romantic relationship with each other 介绍（两人）开始谈恋爱；给（两人）做媒：I was the one who got them together. 是我给他们 俩牵线的。 SYN bring A and B together NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv get sb/sth together to bring people or things together in one place 召集，聚集（人 员）；收集，汇集（物品）：She's getting her things together ready to leave. 她正在打点行装 准备出发。 ◊ Do you think you could get together a team for Saturday's match? 你觉得 你能召集起一支队伍参加星期六的比赛吗？ ◊ We're getting a band together. 我们正在组建一 支乐队。 ◊ （figurative） We'll need some time to get our ideas together and come up with a plan. 我们需要点时间集思广益并制订出一个计 划。 ◊ Can you get the money together by Friday? 你到星期五能把钱收齐吗？ ◊ Do you think you can get together a proposal by next week? 你觉得到下个星期你能拟出计划吗？ ◊ I haven't got anything together for the trip. 我根 本没开始收拾旅行用品呢。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM get your 'act together （informal） to become organized in order to be able to deal with or achieve sth 安排有序：If he gets his act together he could be very successful. 如果他做事 有条不紊，就会大有作为。 ◊ The government needs to get its act together on unemployment 政府需要有条理地应对失业问题。 get it to gether （with sb） (informal） 1 to start a romantic or sexual relationship with sb （与 某人）产生恋情，发生性关系：I didn't know Bill and Gina had got it together! 我还不知道比尔 和吉娜好上了呢！ 2 to become organized in order to be able to deal with or achieve sth 安 排有序：The team needs to get it together if they want to win the match. 该队如想赢得比塞， 就 需要作出周密的安排。 get yourself together to manage to control your feelings in a difficult situation 设 法控制感情：She paused outside the door to get herself together. 她在门外停了一会儿，打算稳 定一下情绪。 SYN pull yourself together ♦ v + pron + adv get up 1 to stand after sitting, lying, etc. 起 身； 站起来：Everyone got up when the President came in. 总统进来时，全体起立。◊ He got up slowly from his chair. 他从椅子上缓缓地站起身 来。◊ Get up off the floor! 从地板上起来！ -> note at STAND UP 2 [ +adv/prep] to visit or travel to a place （usually somewhere further north in the country）访问（或到达）一国的北 部；北上：When are you going to get up to Glasgow for a visit? 你打算何时去格拉斯哥转一 转？ ◊ He doesn't get up to see me very often. 他 不常来看我。◊ I won't be able to get up there until Wednesday. 我星期三之前不能上那儿去。 OPP get down 3 if the sea or the wind gets up, it increases in strength （风、浪等）增强，大 作： As the sun went down, a breeze got up. 太阳 落山时起风了。 ♦ v + adv ► get-up-and go n [U] （informal) the quality of being determined and full of energy 决心; 干劲；进取心: She's got lots of get・up・and-go. 她 干劲十足。 get up; get sb up to get out of bed; to make sb get out of bed （使）起床：What time do you usually get up? 你通常几点起床？ ◊ Could you get me up early tomorrow? 明天你早 点叫我起床行吗？ ◊ Get up, you lazy thing! 快 起床，你这懒骨头！-> note at WAKE UP, WAKE SB UP ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv get up ; get up sth to climb to the top of sth such as a hill, steps, etc. 爬上，登上（…的 顶部）：How did the cat get up there? 那只猫是 怎么爬到那上面的？ ◊ He can't really get up the stairs on his own. 他根本不可能自己爬上楼梯 的。 ◊ We used ropes to get up the mountain. 我 们用绳索登上了山顶。 ◊ I had to get up on the desk and shout to get somebody's attention. 我 不得不爬到书桌上大喊，以引起大家的注意。 [OBJ] mountain, hill, stairs, steps OPP get down, get down sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep get up sth 1 to make yourself feel excited, full of energy, etc. 振作（精神）；焕发（斗 志）: I'm trying to get up the enthusiasm to do some Christmas shopping. 我正努力打起精神， 准备圣诞节购物。[OBJ] enthusiasm, energy 2 to organize sth such as a public event or action 安排，组织（公众活动或行动）：Parents are getting up a petition against the closure of the local school. 家长正在发起请愿，反对关闭当地 学校。 ◊ We're getting up a party for her birth- day. 我们正在筹备她的生日聚会。 ♦ 1 v + adv + n ♦ 2 v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （rare） IDM get up Speed to start to go faster 开始加 速：We'll be able to get up speed once we get onto the motorway. 我们一上高速公路就能提 速了。 get sb/sth 'up 1 （to sth） to send or move sb/sth to another place, often a place further north in the country 派遣（某人）去（常指一 国的北部）；运送（某物）去（常指一国的北 部）；派遣（某人）北上；运送（某物）北上: We need to get somebody up there straight away. 我们需要立刻派人上那里去。◊ How can we get all our equipment up to Leeds? 我们怎么 把所有的设备搬到莉兹？ OPP get sb/sth down 2 （also ,get sb/sth up sth） to move sb/sth from a lower position to a higher one 把...搬 到（高处）；把...移到（高处）：Can you get me up onto the chair? 帮我坐到椅子上去好吗？ ◊ How did you get the bed up the stairs? 你是怎 么把床搬上楼的？ OPP get sb/sth down; get sb/sth down sth NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv 2 also v + n/pron + prep get sth up 1 to build sth; to put sth into a standing position 建起；将…立起: They got the building up in just a few months. 他们只用了几 个月就建成了那幢楼。 ◊ Can you get the tent up while I go and find water? 我去找水，你搭帐篷 好吗？ 2 if sb gets their hopes up, they start to hope and believe that sth they want will happen 开始相信（愿望）可能实现；有盼头：I don't want to get your hopes up, but there will probably be a place on the course for you. 我不 想让你期望过高，但这门课程很可能你可以上。 [OBJ] only hopes NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM get sb's back up （informal) to annoy sb 惹恼：He really gets my back up when he behaves like that! 他那么不懂规矩, 真让我恼 火！ get it 'up （slang） （of a man 男子）to become sexually excited 达到性兴奋；勃起 get sb/yourself up as/in sth to dress sb/yourself in unusual or strange clothes （把…）化装成， 装扮成： She was got up as an Indian princess. 她被打扮成了印度公主。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ► get-up n （old-fashioned, informal） a set of clothes, usually an unusual or strange one （通常指古怪的）一套服饰，穿戴，装束： He looked ridiculous in that get-up! 他穿着那身奇 装异服显得很滑稽！ get up to sth 1 to reach a particular point 到达（某一阶段）：We got up to page 72 last lesson. 我们上一节课学到第72页。◊ I've got to get up to intermediate level in French in a year 我一年内必须达到法语中级水平。 2 （informal） to be doing or be involved in sth, especially sth that is surprising or unpleasant 忙于，从 事（尤指令人吃惊或不快的事）：What on earth will he get up to next? 他接下来究竟要干什么？ ◊ What have you kids been getting up to? 你们 这些孩子在折腾什么？ ◊ The boys are lively and get up to mischief all day. 男食子们活泼好动， 整天都在调皮捣蛋。 ◊ She's been, getting up to her old tricks again! 她又在故伎重演了 ！ ♦ v + adv + prep get with sb to start a relationship with sb, usually a sexual relationship （与某人）发生 关系，发生性关系：She knew my brother was trying to get with her. 她知道我弟弟在竭力追 求她。 get 'with sth （informal） to start to behave or think in a way that sb else wants you to behave or think; to accept sth as being true or right 对…亦步亦趋；随波逐流与...保持一致； 全盘接受：They never had a hit because they refused to get with the publicity machine. 他们 一直没有红极一时的曲目，因为他们拒绝听从宣 传营销人员的摆布。 ◊ He shook his head. 7 just cannot get with that." 他摇了摇头。“我恕难 从命。” IDM get with it （informal） to become aware of what is in fashion and start to follow it 跟上潮 流；赶时髦；不落伍：You need to get with it! 你 要跟上潮流！ get with the programme （AmE get with the program） （informal） used to tell sb to change ±eir attitude and start doing what they are supposed to be doing 需要改委 态度了；改做正事了： You need to get with the programme! 你要改一改了 ！ gin gin /dʒɪn/ gin sth up to invent sth or create sth that is artificial in order to achieve a goal 杜 撰；编造；伪造：Presidents will do anything in an election year to save the economy, including gin up inflation. 在大选之年，总统会为拯救经 济不择手段，包括制造通货膨胀。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv （rare） ginger ginger/ˈdʒɪndʒə(r)/ ginger sb/sth up （BrE） to make sb/sth more active, interesting or exciting 使活泼； 使有趣；使兴奋：Some dancing would ginger up the party. 跳跳舞可以活跃聚会气氛。 ◊ They need some excitement to ginger them up a bit. 需要来点剌激让他们打起精神。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv give give /ɡɪv/ （gave /ɡeɪv/, given /ˈɡɪvn/） give sb a way 1 （in a marriage ceremony 在 婚礼上）to lead the woman who is getting married to the man she is going to marry and formally allow her to marry him 将（新娘）交 给新郎：Her father gave her away. 她父亲把她 交给了新郎，2 （BrE） to give a baby or a child to another person to take care of as their own child 把（婴儿或孩子）送人收养: She had never understood why her mother had given her away. 她一直不理解母亲为什么把她送给别人收 养。 -> see also GIVE SB UP 2 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n give sb/sth/yourself a way to do or say sth that shows sth about sb/sth/yourself that Was a secret 泄露，吐露：it was her eyes that gave her away (= showed how she really felt). 她眼睛流落出了她的真实情感。 ◊ he never Give very much away about himself. 他对自己 的情况从不多言。 ◊ She gave away state secrets to the enemy. 她向敌人泄露了国家机密。 ◊ I found I could tell lies confidently without giving myself away. 我发现自己能面不改色心不改 跳地说谎。 [OBJ] nothing, anything, little SYN betray sb/sth/yourself （more formal) ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv IDM give the 'game away to tell a secret, especially by accident; to show sth that has been hidden 不慎泄密；露出马脚；露馅：I don't want to give the game away by telling you how the movie ends. 我不想把电影的结局透露给你。 ► giveaway n (informal) sth that makes you guess the real truth about sth 暴露真相的事物： He said he was French, but his accent was a dead giveaway! (= showed clearly that he was not French) 他说他是法国人，云他的口音 共他彻底露馅儿了！ SYNONYMS同义词辨析 give sb/sth away betray sb/sth ♦ disclose sth ♦ divulge sth ♦ give sb/sth away ♦ reveal sth These verbs all mean to give information about sb/sth to sb, especially when that information is supposed to remain secret. 这些动词都表示泄露、暴露、透露。 betray sb/sth to tell sb or make them aware of a piece of information or a feeling, usually without meaning to (通常指无意中) 泄 露，暴露：His voice betrayed the worry he was trying to hide. 他的嗓音使他的焦虑无法掩饰。 ◊ She was terrified of saying something that would make her betray herself (= show her feelings or who she was). 她害怕说出的话会 暴露自己。 disclose sth to make sth known to sb, especially sth that was previously secret 泄 露；揭露；公开：The spokesman refused to disclose details to the press, 发言人拒绝向媒体 披露详情。 divulge sth (formal) to give sb information that is supposed to be secret 泄露；透露： Police refused to divulge the identity of the suspect 警方拒绝透露嫌疑人的身份。NOTE Divulge is often used in the negative, or with a verb that has a negative meaning, like refuse . * divulge 常用于否定，或与 refuse 等 具否定意义的动词连用。 give sb/sth away to make known sth that sb wants to keep secret 泄露；透露: She gave away state secrets to the enemy. 她向敌人泄露 了国家机密。◊ His voice gave him away (=showed who he really was). 他的嗓音透 露出他的身份。 reveal sth to make sth known to sb, especially sth that was previously secret 泄 露；揭露；公开：The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. 医生没有告诉他真实病情。 ◊ It was revealed that important evidence had been suppressed. 据透露，重要证据被隐瞒了下来。 WHICH WORD? A person who gives sth away should really be keeping the information secret; a person who divulges information is more likely to have the authority to do so. Disclose is always rather formal; reveal can be used in formal or less formal contexts, including popular newspapers. * give sth away 指泄露本应当保守 的秘密，divulge 指透露秘密者很可能有此权 力。disclose 总是相当正式，reveal 可用于正式 语境或大众报纸等不太正式的语境。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to reveal/disclose/betray/divulge/give away sth to sb ■ to reveal/disclose/betray/divulge/give away that/who/where ... ■ to reveal/disclose/betray/divulge/give away a secret ■ to reveal/disclose/give away the truth ■ to reveal/disclose/divulge/give away details of sth give sth a way 1 to give sth to sb as a gift 把…赠送出：He decided to give most of his money away. 他决定捐出他大部分的钱财。 ◊ We have 200 tickets to give away free to our viewers. 我们有 200 张票免费赠送给观众。 2 (AmE) to do sth in an election or competition that allows the other side to win easily 让对手 轻易取得 (选举或竞赛) 的胜利： We could have won the play-offs if we'd tried, but we gave the final game away. 我们如果尽力而为，原本可以 赢下季后赛，但我们却将最后的胜利拱手送人。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n ► giveaway n （informal) sth that a company gives free, usually with a product for sale, to persuade people to buy it (公司为推销产品搭 送的) 赠品 ► giveaway adj [only before noun] (informal) (of prices 价格) very low 低廉的 give sth back (to sb) 1 to return sth to its owner 归还，送还 (原主)：You can't have it. Give it back! 你不能要。把它还给人家！◊ Have you given back the money you borrowed from your father? 借你父亲的钱，你还了吗？ ◊ Can you lend me $20? I'll give it back to you later. 你能借我20元吗？我以后还你。◊ The new law gives some power back to the people. 新法将部 分权力还给了人民。 ◊ (figurative) The operation gave him back the use of his legs. 手术使他恢复 了双腿的功能。SYN hand sth back (to sb); return sth (to sb) (more formal) NOTE In informal language give sb back sth and, less often, give sb sth back are also used 非正式语 言也说 give sb back sth 和 give sb sth back. 但后 者不常用：Could you give me back my pen? 把 笔还我好吗？ ◊ Could you give me my pen back? 把笔还我好吗？ 2 to do sth which benefits a group of people because they have done sth for you 回报，报答 (众人)：I'd like to give something back to the community. 我愿意回报 社会。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n give sth for sth to pay or give a particular amount to have or do sth 以...支付；以...换取: How much did you give for the car? 你买这辆车 花了多少钱？ ◊ I'd give anything for a cold beer. 我愿意拿任何东西换瓶冰镇啤酒。 NOTE Not used in the passive. 不用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + prep give in (to sb/sth) 1 to accept that you have been defeated or persuaded by sb (向…) 屈 服，认输：I give in—you'll have to tell me the answer. 我认输-----你得告诉我答案。 ◊ Even- tually I gave in to temptation, and had an ice cream. 我最后经不起诱惑，吃了冰激凌。 2 to finally agree to do sth that you do not want to do (向…) 低头，让步：We mustn't give in to terrorist demands. 我们一定不能对恐怖分子的 要求让步。 ◊ She gives in to the children all the time to avoid arguments. 她一直让着孩子们， 免得争吵。OPP hold out (against sb/sth) ♦ v + adv Live sth in (to sb) to hand sth to sb in authority, for example a teacher 呈上； 交上: Please give your test in (to the teacher) when you've finished. 试卷做完后，请交上来 (给 老师)。 SYN hand sth in (to sb) ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n give of sth； give of yourself (formal) to give your time or money willingly to help other people without expecting them to do anything for you 贡献 (间或钱财)；奉献； 献身：She's always willing to give of her time to help the homeless. 她随时愿意奉献自己 的时间，帮助无家可归的人。◊ The teacher encourages all the children to give of their best 老师鼓励所有的孩子把最好的贡献出来。 [OBJ] time, best ♦ v + prep ♦ v + prep + pron give 'off sth 1 to produce sth such as heat, light, smoke, etc. 发出，放出 (热、光、烟等)： Burning apple wood gives off a pleasing smell. 燃烧苹果木会散发出悦鼻的香味。[OBJ] smell, aroma, light, gas -> see also GIVE STH OUT 2 2 to give a particular impression by the way you look or behave 散发出，表现出 (气质等)：She gave off an air of confidence. 她显得充满自信。 NOTE When the object of give off is a noun, it comes after off, but when the object is a pronoun, it comes between give and off * give off 的宾语如果是名词，应置于 off 之后；但如果 是代词，应置于 give 和 off 之间：They absorb radiation from the sun, then give it off at night. 它们吸收太阳辐射，然后夜里释放出来。 ♦v + adv + n ・v + pron + adv (less frequent) give onto sth (8rE) if a door, a window, etc. gives onto sth, it has a view of it or leads directly to it (门、窗等)朝向, 通往：French windows give onto a balcony. 落地窗通向阳台。 ♦ v + prep give 'out 1 to come to an end; to be used up 耗尽；用完：My patience finally gave out. 我终于忍无可忍了。 ◊ We were fine until the batteries in the torch gave out. 手电筒的电池用 光之前我们还好。 SYN run out 2 if an engine, a machine, etc. gives out, it stops working, especially because it is old or damaged (尤指 机器等因老化或损坏而) 停止运行，停止运转: One of the plane's engines gave out. 飞机的一个 发动机停转了。 ◊ (figurative) His heart gave out just before his eightieth birthday. 在八十大寿即 将来临之时，他的心脏停止了跳动。SYN break down ♦ v + adv give sth 'out 1 to hand sth to a lot of people 分发；散发：The teacher gave out the exam papers. 老师发下了试卷。 ◊ I'll write up the report and give it out to the whole department. 我会写出报告，分发给全部门的人。[OBJ] cards, leaflets SYN hand sth out (to sb) NOTE In informal spoken language give sb out sth is also used 非正式口 语也说 give sb out sth: I'll give you out the cards later. 我过会儿给你们发 牌。 2 to produce sth, such as light or heat 发 出，放出 (光、热等)：That lamp doesn't give out a lot of light. 那盏灯不够亮。[OBJ] light, heat, noise -> see also GIVE OFF STH 1 3 (BrE) to tell people sth or broadcast sth 宣布；播送： No details of the accident have been given out yet. 事故的详尚未公布。◊ The leader of the opposition has given out that she is resigning. 反对派领导人已经宣布她即将辞职。[OBJ] infor- mation NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + n/pron + adv give over (BrE, informal) used to tell sb to stop doing sth 住手；到此为止吧；别再…了： Give over! I can't work with you shouting like that. 打住吧！你那么嚷嚷让我无法工作。 ♦ v + adv give sb/sth over to sb to let sb have sb/sth so that they can look after or have responsibility for them/it 把...托付给某人：We gave the house over to my uncle when we went to live abroad. 我们去国外生活时把房子交给我 叔叔照看。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ♦ v + adv + n + prep give sth over to sth to use sth only for a particular activity or purpose 把...专用于 (某 种活动或用途)：The newspapers gave six pages over to the tragedy. 报纸用十六个版面专门报道 这一惨剧。 ◊ Much of the countryside is given over to agriculture. 乡下有许多土地用于农业。 NOTE Often used in the passive. 常用于被动 语态。 ♦ v + n/pron + adv + prep ♦ v + adv + n + prep give yourself over/'up to sth； .give yourself over/'up to doing sth to spend all your time and energy on sth; to allow sth to completely control your life 致力 于；沉溺于：After his wife's death, he seemed to give himself over to despair. 妻子亡故后，他似 乎万念俱灰。 ◊ I want to give myself over to writing full-time. 我希望专事写作。 ♦ v + pron + adv + prep give up； give sth up； give up doing sth 1 to stop trying to do sth, usually because it is too difficult (常指因困难而) 停止，放弃： She doesn't give up easily. 她不会轻易认输。 ◊ I tried to fix the car myself, but gave up the attempt after a couple of hours. 我试图自己修 车，但几个小时后就作罢了。 ◊ I've given up trying to understand her. 我不再揣摩她的心思。 -> see also GIVE IN (TO SB/STH) 2 to stop doing or having sth that is not good for your health 戒除，抛弃 (对健康有害的做法或所有物)： It's about time you gave up smoking. 你该戒烟了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) ♦ v + adv + -ing give sb 'up 1 to stop having a friendship or a relationship with sb 与 (某人) 断绝关系； 不 再与 (某人) 交往： I'm not going to give up all my friends just because I'm getting married. 我 不会只因为要结婚而疏远所有的朋友。 ◊ He gave her up for a younger woman. 他为了一个年轻 女子而抛弃了她。 2 to give a baby to sb else to bring up 把 (婴儿) 送人抚养： She gave the baby up for adoption. 她把婴儿送给别人收养。 -> see also GIVE SB AWAY 2 3 (also .give up on sb especially AmE) to stop hoping that sb will arrive or is still alive 不再期望 (某人) 的到来 (或 存活)： Where have you been? We'd given you up! 你去哪儿了 ？我们都以为你不来了！ ♦ v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n 2 also v + adv + prep IDM give sb up for lost/'dead to no longer hope or expect that sb will arrive or is still alive 不再期望某人到来 (或存活) give sth up 1 to stop doing or having sth 停 止；中止；放弃：He's given up the idea of becoming a model. 他打消了破模特的念头。 ◊ She'd given up all hope of seeing him again. 她 已经不抱任何希望能再次见到他。 2 (to sb) to let sb else have sth, sometimes because they need it more than you 把...让与 (某人)： Children rarely give up their seats to older people on buses now. 现在的孩子在公共汽车上 很小给年长者让座。3 (to sb) to hand sth over to sb else 把...交给 (某人)：Do I have to give up my old passport when I apply for a new one? 申请新护照时，我需要交出旧护照吗？ 4 to spend time doing sth when you would normally be doing sth else 把 (本应做其他事 情的时间) 用于：Thanks for giving up your time to come and help us. 感谢您花时间来帮我们。 [OBJ] time, the morning, etc. 5 (for sb/to do sth) to stop doing or having sth that you enjoy so that you can do or achieve sth that you consider more important (为某人 / 为做某 事) 放弃：I gave up everything for my family. 我 为了家庭放弃了一切。 ◊ She gave it all up to de with him. 为了和他在一起，她什么都不要了。 NOTE Not often used in the passive. 不常用于 被动语态。 ♦ v + adv + n ♦ v + pron + adv ♦ v + n + adv (less frequent) 3 v + n/pron + adv ♦ v + adv + n IDM give it up for sb （informal, especially AmE) to clap to show you approve of sb or have enjoyed sth为 (某人) 鼓掌。 give yourself 'up (to sb/sth) to allow your- self to be arrested or captured 自首；投降: After a week on the run he gave himself up to the police. 逃跑一周后，他向警方投案自首了。 SYN surrender (to sb/sth) ♦ v + pron + adv give up on sb (informal) 1 to lose hope that sb will get better, change, etc. 对 (某人) 不再抱希望；不再指望 (某人) 改变： I've given up on hen She never replies to my letters. 我已 经对她不抱希望了。 她从不回我的信。 ◊ His teachers seem to have given up on him. 他的老 师们似乎认为他不可救药了。 2 (especially AmE) -> GIVE SB UP 3 ♦ v + adv + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 give sth up give sth up ♦ knock off (sth) ♦ leave off (sth) ♦ pack sth in ♦ quit (sth) ♦ stop (sth) These verbs all mean to no longer continue to do sth. 这些动词都表示放弃、停止、中止。 give sth up to stop doing or having sth 停 止；中止；放弃 She didn't give up work when she had the baby. 她生小孩那会儿并没有放弃 工作。 ◊ We'd given up hope of ever having children. 我们已经对生孩子不抱希望了。◊ He gave up medicine for a career in show business. 他放弃行医，投身演艺界。 knock off (sth) (informal) to stop doing sth, especially work 停止; 中断；(尤指) 收工： Do you want to knock off early today? 你今天 想早点下班吗？ leave off (sth) (informal) to stop doing sth, especially temporarily (尤指暂时) 停止， 中断: Start reading from where you left off last time. 从上次没读完的地方开始读。 pack sth in (informal) to stop doing sth 停 止；放弃: She decided to pack in her job. 她决 定辞职。 quit (sth) (informal, especially AmE) to stop doing sth 信止；放弃: I'm still trying to quit smoking. 我仍在努力戒烟。 ◊ We only just started. We're not going to quit now. 我们才刚 刚开始。我们不想现在放弃。 stop (sth) to no longer continue to do sth; to make sth no longer happen (使) 停止, 中 止：Please stop crying and tell me what's wrong 请别哭了，告诉我怎么回事。 ◊ He couldn't stop thinking about her 他无法停止 对她的思念。◊ Stop it! You're hurting me, 住 手！你弄疼我了。 WHICH WORD? Give up, quit, leave off, knock off and pack sth in are all informal ways of saying *stop doing sth\ Knock off is usually used about work, when you stop work at the end of the day or for a short time. You can give up, quit or pack in your job if you leave to do something else. If you give up/quit work you leave your job and don't get another one. Leave off is also usually used when you stop sth temporarily and expect to start again later. * give up、quit、 leave off、knock off 和 pack sth in 都是 “停止 做某事” 的非正式表达方式。knockoff 通常用 于指工作，表示收工或歇工。 give up、quit 或 pack in 可表示放下工作去做其他事清。give up/ quit work 指辞职并且不再工作。 leave off 通常 也用于指暂时停止并留待以后重新开始。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to stop/give up/quit/leave off doing sth/what ■ to give up sth for/in favour of sth else ■ to stop/give up/quit/leave off/knock off work ■ to give up/quit/pack in your job ■ to stop/give up/quit smoking give up on sth (informal) to stop hoping that sth will be successful or will happen 对 (某事) 不再抱希望：I haven't given up on my marriage yet. 我对我的婚姻还抱有希望。◊ Have you given up on the idea of emigrating? 你打消 了移民的念头了吗？ ♦ v + adv + prep give yourself up to sth -> GIVE YOURSELF OVER/UP TO STH glam glam /ɡlæm/ (-mm-) glam 'up； glam yourself/sb up to make yourself/sb look attractive by wearing clothes, make-up, etc. that look expensive ( 穿戴昂贵的服饰 ) 打扮： We got all glammed up in preparation for our night out. 为了准备晚 上出去玩，我们个个打扮了一番。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + n/pron + adv • v + adv + n glance glance /ɡlɑːns; AmE ɡlæns/ glance off sth if a ball, etc. glances off sth, it touches it lightly and moves away from it in a different direction (球等) 擦过，掠过：The ball glanced off the goalpost into the net. 球擦 着门柱入网。 ♦ v + prep glance off/on sth if Light glances off/on sth, it flashes on a surface or is reflected from it (光) 在…上闪烁，从…中反射： the sun glancing on water 水面波光粼粼。 ♦ v + prep glance over/'through sth to look at or read sth very quickly and not very thoroughly 粗略地看：浏览：Could you glance over this document for me? 你能帮我把这份文件过目一 下吗？ ◊ I glanced through a magazine while I waited. 我边等边翻阅杂志。 [OBJ] book, list ♦ v + prep glare glare /ɡleə(r); AmE ɡler/ glare at sb/sth to look at sb/sth in an angry way 怒视：He glared at me with open hostility. 他毫不掩饰敌意，对我怒目而视。 ♦ v + prep glaze glaze /ɡleɪz/ glaze 'over if a person's eyes glaze over, the person begins to look very bored or tired (眼 睛) 变呆滞，发呆：Her eyes glazed over when they started talking about football. 他们开始谈 足球时，她变得无精打采。 ◊ I started to glaze over at that point. 那时我就开始发愣了。 NOTE Glaze can also be used on its own * glaze 也可作单独使用：Her eyes glazed with tears. 她 眼含泪水，目光呆滞。 ♦ v + adv glom glom /ɡlɒm; AmE ɡlɑːm/ (-mm-) glom onto sth (AmE, slang) to become very interested in sth such as a new fashion or an idea 对 ( 新款式、新想法等 ) 产生浓厚兴趣； 对...入了魔：The whole nation glommed onto the scandal. 举国上下都关注这一丑闻。 ♦ v + prep glory glory /ˈɡlɔːri/ (glories, glorying, gloried) glory in sth (literary) 1 to get great pleasure or enjoyment from sth 因...而喜悦；为...而欣 喜：He gloried in his son's success. 他为儿子的成 就而自豪。 ◊ I gloried in the beauty of the scenery. 美景使我流连忘返。 2 to take pleasure in sth 以…为快；从…中得到快乐：She seemed to glory in. his failure. 她似乎对他的失败幸灾 乐祸。 ♦ v + prep gloss gloss /ɡlɒs; AmE ɡlɔːs,ɡlɑːs/ gloss over sth to treat sth such as a problem, mistake, etc. as if it was not important and avoid discussing it in detail 淡 化处理；轻描淡写；掩盖：The manager glossed over the team's recent defeat. 主教练对该队最近 的失败闪烁其词。 ◊ The movie glosses over the real issues of the war. 这部电影掩饰了战争的真 正问题。 ◊ This question has been glossed over by politicians. 政客们对这一问题遮遮掩掩。 ♦ v + prep gnaw gnaw /nɔ：/ gnaw at sb to make sb feel gradually more anxious or annoyed over a long period of time （长期）烦扰，轿磨：These doubts had been gnawing at him for some time. 这些疑虑已经折 磨他一段时间了。 ♦ v + prep gnaw away at sth to gradually have a harmful effect on sth over a long period of time （长期）危害，侵蚀：His attitude towards her gnawed away at her confidence. 他对她的态 度不断削弱她的自信。 ♦ v + adv + prep go go /ɡəʊ; AmE goʊ/ （goes /gəʊz; AmE goʊz/, went /went/, gone /ɡɒn; AmE ɡɔːn, gɑːn/） NOTE Been is used as the past participle of go when sb has gone somewhere and come back. 当表示去某处后已返回时，go 的过去分词 用 been. go a'bout, etc. （BrE） -> GO AROUND, ETC. go about sth to continue to do sth in your usual way, especially after sth unusual has happened; to keep busy with sth （尤指不同寻 常的事情发生后）继续做某事, 继续忙于某事： Everybody was going about their business as usual. 大家照常各忙各的事。 [OBJ] your business, the business of …，work, task ♦ v + prep go about sth; ,go about doing sth to start to work at sth; to approach or deal with sth 开始做；着手处理： I want to help, but I don't know how to go about it. 我想帮忙，可不 知道如何帮。◊ How should I go about finding a job? 我该怎样着手找工作呢？ ◊ You're not going about it the right way. 你这样做不对头。◊ It seems a strange way of going about things. 这 种处事方法好像很奇怪。 [OBJ] things SYN set about sth, set about doing sth; tackle sth ♦ v + prep go across; ,go a*cross sth to cross a room, a road, a river, etc. in order to get to the other side 通过，穿过（房间、道路、河流 等）：We borrowed a boat and went across to the island. 我们借了条船到岛上去。◊ Can you go across the road to the store for me? 你能替 我到马路对面的商店去跑一趟吗？ ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go after sb/sth 1 to chase or follow a person or an animal to try to catch them 追 赶；跟在...后面：He went after the burglars. 他 追赶那些窃贼。◊ Aren't you going to go after her to see if she's all right? 你要不要跟着她，看 看她是不是没事？ 2 to try to get or obtain sb/sth 追求；谋求：We're both going after the same job. 我们俩都在谋求得到同一份工作。 ♦ v+ prep go against sb if a result, a judgement, etc. goes against sb, it is not in their favour or to their advantage （结果、判决等）对（某人） 不利：The jury's verdict went against him. 陪审 团的裁决对他不利。◊ The war is going against us. 战争变得对我们不利。 ♦ v + prep go against sb/sth to resist or oppose sb/sth; to act in a different way from what sb tells you or advises you to do 反抗；反对； 与…相背离：Anyone who goes against me will be punished. 任何人与我作对都将受到惩罚。 ◊ He was going against his doctor's advice by continuing to work. 他没有遵照医嘱，而是继续 工作。 ◊ Don't go against your parents' wishes. 不要违背你父母的意愿。 -> note at STAND UP TO SB/STH ♦ v + prep go against sth to be opposed to sth; to not fit or agree with sth 违反; 与…不符（或相 悖）: This goes against everything I believe in. 完全与我的信念背道而驰。◊ Paying for my children's education goes against my principles. 负担孩子们的教育费有违我的原则。 [OBJ] principles, beliefs ♦ v + prep IDM go against the grain to be sth different from what is normal or natural for you and so sth you do not like doing 背离本性（或意愿）： It went against the grain to have to agree with My brother. 我同意我哥哥实属无奈。 go ahead 1 （also ,go ahead of sb） to go in front of other people who are going in the same direction as you and arrive before them 走在（某人）前面；先走：She went ahead of him into the house. 她在他前面进了屋子。 ◊ You go ahead and we'll follow when we're ready. 你 先走一步，我们准备好了随后就去。 2 （of a plan, a project, a deal, etc. 计划、项目、交易等） to be carried out or happen 实施；进行： The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned 新桥的修建将按计划进行。◊ Filming went ahead in spite of the bad weather. 尽管天 气不好，但电影的摄制照常进行。SYN proceed （formal） 3 （with sth） if sb goes ahead with sth, they do it, although there may be a problem, or sb may have objected or expressed doubts （遇到困难、反对或障碍时仍 然 ） 进行：In spite of her illness, Anna decided to go ahead with the wedding. 尽管生了病，安娜 还是决定照常举行婚礼。 ◊ 'May I start now?' Yes, go ahead （= I give you permission）/ "我 现在可以开始了吗？” “可以，开始吧。" SYN proceed （with sth） ♦ v + adv 1 also v + adv + prep ► the go-ahead n [sing.] permission or approval for sth to start 准许；许可：Has the boss given you the go-ahead for the project? 老 板批准你这个项目了吗？ ► go-ahead adj [usually before noun] （BrE） trying hard to be successful, often by using new methods and ideas 雄心如勃的；锐意进取 的；有开拓精神的：a go-ahead company 充满开 拓精神的公司 go a'long 1 to progress; to develop or improve 进展；发展：改进：Things are going along nicely. 进展良好。2 (to sth) (with sb) to go somewhere or to an event with sb (陪某 人) 去 (某处)，去参加 (某活动)：I went along to the club a couple of times. 我去过那家 俱乐部几次。◊ Sam said he'd go along to the party with us. 萨姆说他要和我们一起去参加聚 会。 3 (especially AmE) to do what sb else suggests or does 听从建议；效仿某人：What- ever Ed said, Max went right along. 埃德无论说 什么，马克斯都照做。 ♦ v + adv IDM as you go a'long while you are doing sth 在做某事的同时：He made the story up as he went along. 这个故事是他现编现讲的。 ◊ I was never taught how to use a computer. I just picked it up as I went along, 从来没人教我如何 使用计算机。我只是边用边学。 go a long; go a long sth to move forward or from one end of sth towards the other 向前 走；沿着...移动：The bus rattled as it went along. 公共汽车唬啷唬啷地往前开着。 ◊ I went along a dark narrow passage, past several doors, 我沿着一条黑暗狭窄的通道向前走，经过 了几道门。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go a long with sb/sth 1 (especially BrE) to agree with sb/sth 同意；赞同：I can't go along with you on that point. 在那一点上我不敢苟 同。 2 to accept sth or do sth, especially when you do not really want to (不情愿地) 接受， 做 (某事)：They didn't like the idea, but they went: along with it. 他们不喜欢这个主意，可还 是接受了。◊ I didn't want to make him angry, so I just went along with him (= I didn't argue with him). 我不想惹他生气，所以就不同他争 辩。 SYN fall in with sth (BrE) → note at AGREE TO STH ♦ v + adv + prep go around (AmE) → GO ROUND go around; ,go around sth (BrE also .go round, go round sth) 1 to visit a group of people or places, one by one 逐一见某人 (或 到某处); 走遍: I'll go around and check all the doors are locked. 我挨处走走，看看所有的门都 锁上了没有。 ◊ We spent all afternoon going round the shops. 我们整整一下午都在四处逛商 店。 ◊ She went round the table and said goodbye to everyone. 她和一桌人一一道别。 2 (of a note, etc. 字条等) to be sent round a group of people so that everyone can read it 被传阅：A card's going around for people to sign. 传给大家的一张贺卡是供签名用的。 ◊ A memo went around the department. 部门内传 阅了一份通知。3 （BrE also ,go a bout, go a bout sth）if a piece of news, an illness, etc. goes around, it spreads from one person to another （在…）流传，传播: There's a rumour going around that Sam and Kate are having an affair. 谣传萨姆和凯特之间关系暧昧，◊ There's a nasty virus going round the schooL 一种恶性 病毒正在这所学校传播。 SYN float around, float around sth 4 to move or be placed in a circle 旋转； 转动：The cyclist was going round the roundabout the wrong way. 那个骑自行车 的人在环形交叉路口拐错了弯 。◊ The earth goes round the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。◊ （figurative） We're going round in circles in this argument. 我们一直在这个论点上兜圈子。5 to be enough for everyone to have a share 足够分给每个 人；足够每人一份：There aren't enough chairs to go round. 椅子不够坐。◊ Is there enough food to go around all the guests? 食物够分给所 有客人吗？ 6 to move around the outside of sth in order to get past sth or get to the other side 绕道；绕过：We didn't go into the city. We went around it. 我们没有进城。我们绕了过去。 ◊ Because of the flood, we had to go round by the minor roads to get to schooL 由于洪水，我 们只好走小道绕行去学校。7 to travel in a country or place and visit lots of different things 周游；遍览：We travel around by bus. 我 们乘公共汽车到客处旅行。◊ They're saving up to go around the world. 他们正起攒钱准备周游 世界。◊ We're planning to go round visiting all the temples. 我们打算游遍所有庙宇。 8 to visit every part of a room or building （在房间或建 筑物内）到处走动，看遍各处： How long does it take to go around the museum? 把这座博物馆 转遍需要多长时间？ ◊ A guide will go round with you. 导游将带你去各处参观。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep IDM what .goes around 'comes around whatever happens now will have an effect in the future 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；善有善报，恶 有恶报 go around； ,go around sth； go around doing sth （BrE also ,go round/about, go round/about sth, go 'round/about doing sth） to dress or behave in a particular way; to do sth regularly 以某种 方式穿看（或行动）；经常做（某事）：She goes around barefoot most of the time. 她大部分时 间光看脚：◊ It's not safe to go about the streets alone. 独自在大街上行走不安全。◊ You can't go round spreading rumours like that. 你不能那样 传谣。 ◊ The kids went around in gangs, dressed completely in black. 孩子们穿着一身黑衣，结伙 行动。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go around sb/sth （BrE also .go round sb/sth） to surround or go in a circle around sb/sth 包围；环绕：I felt his arm going around my shoulder. 我感觉到他的胳膊搂着我的肩膀。 ◊ The belt won't go round my waist! 我的皮带 不够长了！ ♦ v + prep go around sth （BrE also ,go round sth） to move or travel around a comer 绕过（拐角）: The car's tyres screeched as it went round the bend. 汽车转弯时，轮胎发出尖厉的声音。◊ Maggie watched until Jess had gone around the comer and was out of sight. 玛吉一直目送杰斯 绕过拐角处，从视线中消失。 [OBJ] onlv corner, bend ♦ v + prep IDM go round the bend/'twist （informal, especially BrE） to go crazy 发疯；疯狂：驴/ have to stay in this place another day, I'll go round the bend! 我要是非得在这个地方再呆上一天，我会 疯掉的！ go around with sb, go around together （BrE also ,go about/'round with sb, go about/round together） （old-fashioned） to spend a lot of time with sb or with a group of people 和（某人或一伙人）泡在一块儿：Ann goes around with Sue. 安和休形影不离。 ◊ Ann and Sue go around together. 安和休形影相随随 ◊ These are the people I used to go around with. 我以前就是和这些人经常混在一起。 SYN hang around with sb, etc. ♦ v + adv + prep ♦ v + adv + adv SYNONYMS同义词辨析 go around circle (sth) ♦ go round/around (sth) ♦ revolve (round/around sth) ♦ rotate ♦ spin (round/around sth) ♦ turn These verbs all mean to move around a central point. 这些动词都表示旋转、转动、 绕转。 circle (sth) to move in a circle, especially in the air (尤指在空中) 旋转，盘旋，环绕： Birds were circling overhead, 鸟儿在头顶上盘 桓。◊ The plane had to circle the airport for another 30 minutes before landing, 着陆前， 飞机不得不在机场上空又盘旋了 30分钟。 go round/around (sth) to spin or move around in a circle (绕…) 旋转, 转动：The wheel was going round and round. 轮子在转个 不停。 ◊ The earth goes around the sun. 地球 围绕太阳转。 revolve (round/around sth) to move in a circle around a central point 旋转；转动；绕 转：People used to think that the sun revolved around the earth. 过去人们认为太阳绕着地球 转。◊ The ceiling fan revolved slowly overhead. 吊扇在头顶上慢慢转动。 rotate to move in a circle around a fixed central point 旋转；转动；绕转: Make sure that the propeller can rotate freely, 要确保螺 旋桨能不受阻碍地旋转。 spin (round/around sth) to turn round and round quickly (绕…) 根速旋转: The dancers spun round and round. 鼓舞的人不停地旋转。 ◊ The Earth spins around a central axis. 地球 绕中心轴旋转。 turn to move around a central point 旋转；转 动：The wheels of the car began to turn. 车轮 开始转起来。 WHICH WORD? When sth rotates or spins, it usually moves around its own centre; when sth revolves, it usually moves around a point outside itself. Rotate, spin and turn can be used with a direct object with the meaning of 'make sth go round, * rotate 或 spin 通常指围绕自身的中心转 动；revolve 通常指围绕自身以外的中心点转 动 rotate, spin 和 turn 可与直接宾语连用，表 示 “使转动”: Rotate the wheel through 180 degrees. 将轮子旋转 180 度。 ◊ Spin the coin. 转动硬币。 ◊ Turn the wheel slowly. 慢慢转动 轮子。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to spin/circle/rotate/revolve about sth ■ to spin/turn/rotate faster (and faster）/rapidly/quickly ■ to spin/turn/circle/rotate/revolve slowly go at sb to attack sb 进攻，攻击（某人）：He went at me like a wild animal. 他像头野兽一样 向我扑来。 ♦ v + prep go at sth to make great efforts to do sth; to work hard and with enthusiasm at sth 拼命 干； 卖力干：They went at the job as if their lives depended on it. 他们玩命似的干起活来。◊ He was going at the food as though he hadn't eaten for days. 他狼吞虎咽，好像好几天没吃饭似的。 ♦ v + prep IDM go at it .hammer and 'tongs if two people go at it hammer and tongs, they argue or fight with a lot of energy and noise （两人）激烈争吵（或厮打） go away 1 to leave a place or a person 离 开；走开：Go away! You're annoying me! 走 开！你烦死我了 ！ ◊ Go away and think about it a bit. 到一边去想一想。 2 to leave home for a period of time, especially for a holiday/vacation 离家外出（尤指度假）：They went away for the weekend. 他们周末外出了。 ◊ Are you going away on holiday this year? 你今 年要去度假吗？ ◊ She goes away on business a lot. 她经常出差。 3 to disappear gradually 逐 渐消失：The smell still hasn't gone away. 气味 还没散。 ◊ Has your headache gone away? 你头 不疼了吧？ ◊ The longing never went away. 这 种渴望从未消失。 OPP come back ♦ v + adv go away with sth to leave a place with a particular feeling or impression 带着（某种感 觉或印象）离开：I don't want people to go away with the wrong idea. 我不希望人们带着错误的 想法离开。 ♦ v + adv + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 go away clear off ♦ clear out ♦ depart ♦ get away ♦ go away ♦ leave (sth) These verbs all mean to go away from a person or place. 这些动词都表示离开、离去、 走开。 clear off (informal) to leave a place quickly because you do not want to be found there or sb does not want you there 迅速离开；溜 走；逃走：They cleared off as soon as the police arrived. 警察一到他们便溜了。◊ Clear off! 快 走开！ clear out (informal) to leave a place quickly, especially taking all your things with you (尤指携带所有个人物品) 迅速离开: He cleared out with the money and left her with the kids, 他带着钱跑了，把孩子留给了她。 depart to leave a place, especially to start a trip 离开；(尤指) 起程，动身: She waited until the last of the guests had departed. 她一 直等到最后一位客人离去。 get away to succeed in leaving a place 得以 离开；脱身：I won't be able to get away from the office before seven. 我七点钟前无法离开办 公室。 go away (used especially in orders) to leave a person or place (尤用于命令) 备开，走开： Just go away and leave me alone! 走开，别烦 我！ ◊ It's been over seven years since he went away. 自他走后，已经七年多了。 NOTE Go can be used on its own * go 可单独使用：I must be going now, 我现在得走了。 leave (sth) to go away from a place 离开：If we leave now, we should make it in time. 现在动 身的话，我们应该能赶得及。◊ Are you ready to leave yet? 准备好走了吗？ ◊ John says he left the restaurant at around midnight. 约翰说他 午夜时分离开了饭馆。 WHICH WORD? In ordinary speech, depart is formal, but it is the usual official word used about planes, trains, etc. that are leaving 在日常口 语中， depart 属正式用语，但它通常用于表示飞机起 飞、火车开动等：This train will depart in three minutes. 本次列车将在三分钟后发车。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to leave/depart for ... ■ to plan to/be about to/be going to leave/go/depart/go away ■ to decide to/intend to/refuse to leave/go/go away ■ to be ready to/be forced to leave/go/depart ■ to tell sb to leave/go/go away/dear off ■ to leave/go/depart/go away at once/in a hurry/now/soon go back 1 (to sth/ ... ) to return to a place where you were before 回到，返回 (原地)： Can we go back inside? 我们可以回到里面了 吗？ ◊ I made a cup of tea and went back to bed. 我泡了杯茶，又回到床上。◊ When are you going back to Australia? 你什么时候回澳大利 亚? -> note at COME BACK 2 (to sth) to return to school or work after a break (休假后) 返 校，回去工作：The children have to go back to school next week. 孩子们下个星期就得返校了。 3 (to sb/sth) to be in a situation that you were in before 回到 (某人处)；恢复 (从前的状态)： We can never go back to how things were before (= in a relationship, for example). 我们永远不 可能回到从前了。◊ Once you have taken this decision, there's no going back. 你一旦作出这 个决定就无法回头了。◊ I don't think Emily will go back to her husband (= live with him again). 我认为埃米莉不会回到丈夫的身边。4 (to sth) to return to work after being on strike (罢工后) 复工：The strikers won't go back (to work) until they get a pay rise. 罢工的人要得到 加薪才肯复工。5 (to sth) (informal) (of sth that you have bought or borrowed 买的或借的 东西) to be returned to the place where you got it 被退回；被归还：This toaster will have to go back to the shop—it doesn't work properly. 烤面包机得退回商店去 —— 它是坏的。 ◊ When does this video have to go back? 这盘录像带什 么时候要还？ 6 (of clocks and watches 钟表) to be set to an earlier time when the time changes at the end of summer (夏令时结束之 际) 拨回原来的时间：The clocks go back tonight We get an extra hour in bed. 今晚时钟 要拨回原来的时间了。 我们可以多睡一个小时。 OPP go forward ♦ v + adv go back ... 1 if two people go back a period of time, they have known each other and have been friends for that time 相识，已认识 (一段 时间)： Adam and I go back a long way. 亚当 和我是老相识了。2 (also ,go back to sth) to have existed since a particular time in the past 追溯到；回溯到：Our friendship goes back fifteen years. 我们的友谊开始于十五年前。 ◊ This tradition goes back to medieval times. 这 个传统可上溯到中世纪。SYN date back date back to sth 3 (also ,go back to sth) to consider sth that happened in the past 回忆 起，回到 (先前的事)：To trace the origins of the problem, we have co go back to the 18th century. 要对这个问题追根潮源，我们必须回到 18 世纪。 ◊ I'm going back a few years now ... (= I'm talking about sth that happened some years ago) 我现在要谈的是几年前的事… ♦ v + adv 2,3 also v + adv + prep go back on sth to fail to keep a promise; to change your mind about sth 违约; 改变主意: She never goes back on her word （= fails to do what she has said she will do）. 她从不食言。◊ He went back on his promise. 他违背了诺言。 ◊ I don't like to go back on what I said. 我不喜欢出 尔反尔。 [OBJ] your promise, your word ♦ v + adv + prep go back over sth to think about sth again or often （再次或经常）忆起，回顾：I went back over the day's events in my mind. 我回想 了一下当天发生的事。 ♦ v + adv + prep go back to sth 1 to start talking about sth again 回到，重谈（原来的话题）：To go back to what you were saying before ...回到你之前的话 题 SYN return to sth 2 → GO BACK ... 2 3 -> GO BACK ... 3 ♦ v + adv + prep go back to sth .go back to doing sth 1 to start doing sth again that you had stopped doing 重新开始；重操旧业：Tom turned over and went back to sleep. 汤姆翻了个 身又睡着了。◊ I wouldn't go back to living in the city. 我不会回城里住的。 ◊ She's decided to go back to teaching. 她已决定重新执教。◊ John's going back to college to get some more qualifications. 约翰要重返大学继续深造。 2 （of a situation 状况）to return to what it was before sth else happened 复原；恢复：Things haven't gone back to normal yet. 局势尚未恢复 正常。 SYN return to sth ♦ v + adv + prep go before （literary） （not used in the pro- gressive tenses 不用于进行时）to exist or happen in an earlier time 先前存在；以往发生：The present crisis is worse than any that have gone before. 目前的危机比以往历次都严重。 NOTE Go before is usually used in the past or perfect tenses. * go before 通常用于过去时或完 成时。 ♦ v + adv go before sb/sth （of a legal case, a proposal or an issue 案件、提议或议题）to be presented to sb/sth so that they can discuss it or make a decision or a judgement about it 提 交给...审议（或作出决定、裁决）：When does his case go before the judge? 他的案子何时提交 给法官审理？ ♦ v + prep go beyond sth to be greater, better, etc. than sth 超出；越出：The price we got for the painting went beyond all our expectations. 那幅画卖出的价钱大大超出我们的预期。 ◊ The matter has gone beyond a joke （= has become very serious and is no longer amusing). 这件 事已经不是闹着玩的了。 SYN exceed sth （formal） ♦ v + prep go 'by （of time 时间）to pass 流逝；过去：As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.随 着时间的推移，我的记忆似无每况愈下。◊ The weeks went slowly by . 时间一周一周慢慢过去 了。◊ Hardly a day went by without Anthony's name being mentioned. 安东尼的名字几乎每天 都被提到。 ♦ v + adv go by; 'go by sb/sth 1 to pass sb/sth with- out stopping （从…旁边）路过，走ii: Did you see a boy go by on a bicycle? 你见到过一个男孩 骑自行车打这儿经过吗？ ◊ We sat and watched the world go by （= watched people passing）. 我们坐在那儿看着眼前人来人往。 ◊ They waved to us as we went by the window. 我们经过窗口 时，他们向我们招手。SYN pass by, pass by sb/sth 2 （AmE） to stop somewhere or visit sb for a short time, often on your way to some- where else （顺路）在…暂留，短暂拜访（某 人）: I'll go by and see him on my way home. 我回家时将会顺便去看看他。 ◊ Would you go by the grocery store for me? 你顺便替我去趟杂食 店好吗？ SYN drop by; stop by ♦ v + adv ♦ v 十 prep go by sth 1 to be guided or directed by sth; to form an opinion or a judgement from sth 遵 循；依照；以…来判断：That's a good rule to go by. 参照这个规则准错不了。◊ If past experience is anything to go by, Tom will be late! 从 以往的经验来看，汤姆会迟到的！ ◊ I shall go entirely by what my solicitor says. 我将完全照 我律师说的做。2 to call yourself a particular name, which may not be your real name 自称 为…（可能不是真名）：For her crime novels, she goes by the name of Monica Simon. 她的犯 罪小说署名是莫妮卡・西蒙。[OBJ] only the name of... ♦ v + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 go by elapse ♦ go by ♦ pass ♦ progress ♦ tick away ♦ wear on These are all verbs that can be used to talk about time moving forward. 这些动词都表示时 间流逝。 elapse （not usually used in the progressive tenses） （formal）（of time） to pass （时间）流逝，消逝： Many years elapsed before they met again, 过 了很多年他们才重逢。 go by （of time） to pass （时间）逝去，过去： Things will get easier as time goes by. 随着时 间的推移，事情会变得容易。 ◊ The weeks went slowly by. 时间一周一周慢慢过去了。 pass if an hour, day, year, etc. passes, it moves forward in time （小时、日、年等）流逝， 过去：Six months passed and we still had no news of them . 六个月过去了，我们仍没有他 们的音讯。 progress （of time, an event or an activity） to pass （时间）逝去；（事件或活动）进展， 进行：The weather became colder as the day progressed. 天气一天天冷起来。 tick away （of time） to pass, especially when there is not much time to do sth （时间）流 逝，过去（尤指时间紧迫时） I had to get to the airport by two, and the minutes were ticking 我必须两点钟赶到机场，时间在 一分一秒地过去。 wear on （of time） to pass, especially in a way that seems slow (时间尤其缓慢地）流逝， 过去: As the party wore on， she became more and more tired. 随着聚会的进行，她越来 越累。 WHICH WORD? Wear on and progress are mainly used to say that a situation developed during a particular period of time * wear on 和 progress 主要用于 表示在特定时期形成了某种局面：The situation worsened as the year wore o/i. 一年中，随着时 间的流逝，局势更趋恶化。◊ The visiting team's confidence increased os the game progressed. 随 着比赛的进行，客队场上信心越来越足。You cannot usually use progress and wear on with hours, days, etc. as the subject. * progress 和 wear on 通常不可用 hour, day 等相主语。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ a day/a night/a year/time goes by/passes/elapses/wears on/progresses/ticks away ■ days/hours go by/pass/elapse/tick away ■ time goes by/passes/wears on/ticks away slowly/uneventfully ■ time goes by/passes quickly go 'down 1 （to ... /sth） （from ... /sth） to travel from one place to another, especially from the north of a country to the south （从 一处）到（另一处）（尤指南下）：We're going down to London next week. 我们下个星期要南 下到伦敦去。OPP go up 2 to fall to the ground 倒下；落下；倒在地上: She tripped and went down with a bump. 她绊了一下，重重摔 倒在地上。3 to become lower or smaller; to fall 减低；变小；下降：The price of petrol is going down/Petrol is going down （in price）.汽 油价格正在下跌。◊ The temperature went down by ten degrees overnight. 气温一夜间下降了 10 度。◊ Rental costs have gone down （£50） since last year. 去年以来，租金下降了（50英镑）。◊ The floodwaters are going down. 洪水水位在回 落。 ◊ Membership numbers have gone down recently. 会员人数最近减少了。◊ The swelling has gone down a little. 肿块稍微消了点。SYN drop; fall OPP go up 4 （AmE also ,go 'over [+ adv] if a remark, a performance, an action, etc. goes down well or badly, etc., it gets a good or bad reaction from people （话语、演 出、行为等）反响好（或差），受（或不受）欢 迎：Did your performance go down all right? 你 的演出反响不错吧？ ◊ The movie went down well in America, 这部电影在美国颇受欢迎。◊ Jokes don't go down too well with my mother （ = she does not like them ）. 我母亲并不喜欢开 玩笑。◊ The band went down a storm （ = people liked them very much ）. 这支乐队引 起了轰团。5 （of the sun and moon 日、月） to disappear below the point where the sky seems to meet the land or the sea （the horizon）落到地平线下；落下：We watched the sun go down. 我们看着太阳落下。SYN set OPP come up; rise 6 to get worse 变得更差；每况 愈下：The quality of the product has gone down since the company was sold. 公司卖掉之后，产 品质量下降了。◊ He's certainly gone down in my estimation （= I don't have the good opinion of him that I used to）. 他确实不如我原 先印象中那么好了。◊ The food's gone down since the restaurant changed hands. 餐厅转手之 后，菜肴质量滑坡了。SYN deteriorate （more formal） OPP go up 7 （computing） if a com- puter system goes down, it stops working temporarily 暂停作业；暂停运行：I lost all my work when the computer went down. 计算机死 机了，我做的东西全丢了。 -> note at BREAK DOWN 8 （of food, a meal, etc. 食物、饭菜等）to be partly or completely dealt with by your body （全部或部芬）消化：Let your food go down before you go swimming. 先消消食再去游 泳。9 [+ adv] if food or drink will/will not go down, it is easy/difficult to swallow, or you enjoy it/do not enjoy it 容易（或难）吃（或 喝）；喜欢（或不喜欢）吃（或喝）：My drink went down the wrong way and I started coughing. 我喝饮料呛得咳嗽起来。◊ A cup of tea would go down nicely （= I would like one）. 能喝上一杯茶再好不过了。 10 when the cur- tain in a theatre goes down, it is the end of the performance 落幕；演出结束：The audience were cheering as the curtain went down. 落幕 时，观众报以热烈的欢呼声。◊ （figurative） After 25 years, the curtain has finally gone down on his sparkling career. * 25 年后，他终于告别了 辉煌的职业生涯。OPP go up 11 when lights go down in a theatre, the performance is about to start （剧院的灯光）熄灭；演出即将 开始：She quickly found a seat before the lights went down. 她抢在熄灯开演之前迅速找了个座 位。go up 12 [+ adv/prep] to reach down to a particular point 垂到，垂及 （某点）： Pepita's coat is so big it goes right down to her ankles. 佩皮塔的外套很大，长及脚踝。13 （of a tyre 轮胎）to lose air 瘪下；泄气：My tyre's gone down again. 我的轮胎又没气了。14 （BrE, informal to be sent to prison 被关进监狱；坐 牢：He's gone down for twenty years. 他要蹲二 十年监狱。15 （of a carpet 地毯）to be put on the floor 铺开；展开：It'll feel a lot warmer when the carpet goes down. 铺了地毯后，就会 感觉暖和多了。 16 （of a plane 飞机）to fall from the sky; to be brought to the ground 坠 落；被迫降落：The plane's going down!" he cried. “ 飞机要坠毁了！” 他喊道。17 （of a ship 船只）to sink 下沉；倾覆：Hundreds died when the ferry went down. 渡轮沉没，数百人丧 生。18 to fail; to behave badly and lose people's respect 失败：丢脸：If the business goes down, we go down with it. 要是企业破产， 我们一起完蛋。19 （to sb） to be defeated by sb, especially in a sports game or competition （尤指体育比赛或竞赛中）败北，落败：Liver- pool went down 2-0 to Everton. 利物浦队以 0:2 输给了埃弗顿队。20 （to sth） （especially BrE） to be made to move to a lower position, rank, class, status, etc.（ 职务、官衔、级别、地位 等）降低：We need to win the next two games to avoid going down. 我们得赢下随后的两场比赛 才能避免降级。OPP go up 21 （in sth） （as sth） to be written down; to be recorded or remembered in a particular way 写在，载入 （…中）；记录，记载（为…）：Everything I said went down in his little book. 我说的话全记 在他的小本子上。◊ 1998 will go down as the company's best year. * 1998年将成为公司业绩 最好的一年。◊ He will go down in history as a great statesman. 他将作为伟大的政治家名垂 青史。22 （slang, especially AmF） to be happening 正在发生；正在进行：She always knows what's going down. 她消息灵通。◊ What's going down? 出什么事了？ 23 （from ...） （BrE, formal） to leave a university （especially Oxford or Cambridge） at the end of a term or after finishing your studies （大学学期结束或 毕业后）离校（尤指牛津或剑桥）：She went down （from Cambridge） in 2004. 她 2004 年 （自剑桥）大学毕业。OPP go up ♦ v + adv SYNONYMS同义词辨析 go down decline♦ decrease« drop. fall, go down ♦ slump These verbs are all used to talk about a reduction in amount, level or number. 这些动 词都表示下降、下跌、下滑。 decline to become lower or less in level, number, size, strength or importance （水 平、数字、大小、实力或重要性）下降，下 滑，衰落：The number of tourists visiting the resort declined by 10% last year, 去年该度假地 的游客人数下降了 10%。 decrease to fall in number or level （数字或 水平）减少，下跌: The number of students decreased from 210 to 160 this year, 今年学生 从 210 人减少到 160 人。◊ Donations have decreased significantly in recent years. 近年捐 赠显著减少。’ drop （not used in the progressive tenses} to become lower or less in level, number, or strength （水平、数字或实力）下降，降低： The temperature has dropped considerably. 气 温已大幅下降。◊ The team have dropped to fifth place. 该队排名下滑到第五位。◊ The wind dropped. 风小了。 fall to become lower or less in level, number, or strength （水平、数字或实力）下降，降低: Their profits have fallen by 30%. 他们的利润下 滑了 30% 。 ◊ The temperature fell sharply in the night. 夜间气温骤降。◊ Share prices fell 30p. 股票价格跌了 30便士。 go down to become less in level or value （水 平或价值）下降，降低，下跌：The temperature sometimes goes down to minus Thirty. 气温有时会降到零下三十度。 ◊ Coffee is going down in price. 咖啡价格正在下跌。 NOTE Come down is used when prices, etc. return to their previous level * come down 用 于指价格等回落到先前的水平：The price of gas is coming down again. 煤气价格又降了。 slump （not used in the progressive tenses） （especially business} to fall in price, value or number, suddenly and by a large amount （价格、价值或数字）突降，锐减，暴跌： Profits slumped by over 50%. 利润暴跌了 50% 以上。 WHICH WORD? In many cases you can use any of these verbs 在多数情况下，这些动词可通用: Sales have fallen/declined/dropped by 20%. 销售额下降了 20%o They can all be used to talk about numbers, levels, rates, prices, profits and sales. To talk about a loss of economic strength, use decline 这些动词都可用于谈论数字、水平、比 例、价格、利润和销售额。若谈及经济活力的丧 失，用 decline: The market has declined. 市场陷 入衰退。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ numbers/levels/rates fall/decline/drop/decrease ■ prices/profits/sales fall/decline/drop/slump/decrease ■ figures/temperature fall/drop ■ to fall/decline/drop/decrease sharply/significantly/considerably ■ to fall/drop/decline/decrease slightly/slowly/gradually/steadily go down； go down sth to move from a higher position to a lower one; to go along sth from one end towards the other （从高处）下 去；（沿着…）过去：One end of the see-saw goes up while the other end goes down. 跷跷板 一头起来，另一头就下去。 ◊ The pain goes down my arm. 疼痛传遍了我的胳膊。 ◊ I've just got to go down to Jim's office with these papers. 我得把这些文件送到吉姆的办公室去。 ◊ Will we go down any steep hills? 我们会沿陡峭山坡下山 吗？ ◊ You'll see the museum if you go down the road a bit. 沿路往前走一点，就看到博物馆了。 ◊ It was hard enough to get up here （= a mountain, for example）, and now we've got to go down! 爬上来就够呛了，现在我们又得下 去！ ◊ Their company has decided to go down the same path （= do the same things） as ours. 他们的公有已决定走我们的路子。◊ I went down on my hands and knees to look for the pen. 我 趴在地上找钢笔。。I'm not going to go down on my knees and beg him to forgive me. 我不会奴 颜婢膝，乞求他原谅我。 [OBJ] road, stairs, hill OPP go up, go up sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep IDM go down the drain （BrE also go down the plughole） to be wasted; to get much worse 付 诸东流；白白浪费；每况愈下 go down that road to follow a particular course of action, especially a difficult or harmful one 踏上那条 道；采取（尤指艰难或有害）的做法：He said he'd never used drugs because he'd seen too many talented kids go down that road. 他说他 从不吸毒，因为他见过太多有才华的孩子走上那 条路。 go down on sb （slang） to perform a sex act on sb with your mouth 为（某人）口交 ♦ v + adv + prep go down to sth to go to a place near where you are, or a place you often go to 去，前往 （附近或常去的地方）：Shall we go down to the beach for a swim? 我们去海滩游泳吧？ ◊ I'm going down to the comer shop for some milk. 我 要去拐角处的商店买牛奶。 ♦ v + adv + prep go down with sth （especially BrE） to become ill/sick with sth 患，得（病）：I think I'm going down with a cold. 我想我感冒了。 SYN come down with sth; sicken for sth; catch sth; get sth ♦ v + adv + prep go for sb/sth 1 to attack sb/sth 攻击；袭击： She went for him with a knife. 她手持尖刀向他 剌去。◊（figurative） The newspapers really went for him over his defence of terrorism. 各家报纸 强烈抨击他为恐怖主义辩护。 2 to apply to sb/sth; to be true of sb/sth 适用于；（某种情 况）也如此：What I said about Tim helping goes for you too, Alex. 我说让蒂姆帮忙，这话也 适用于你， 亚历竞斯。 ◊ We may have high unemployment, but the same goes for many other countries. 我们的失业率或许很高，不过其 他很多国家也都一样。◊ Terry needs to relax more, and the same goes for you. 特里需要放 松些，你也一样。3 to go to get sb/sth 去带回 （某人）；去取回（某物）：Shall I go for a doctor? 要我去请医生吗? ◊ She's gone for some millc. 她买牛奶去了。 4 to be attracted by sb/sth; to like or prefer sb/sth 为...所吸引；喜 欢；偏爱：He's not the type I usually go for. 他 不是我喜欢的那种人。 ◊ Children usually go for colourful packaging. 儿童一般喜欢色影鲜艳的 包装。 ♦ v + prep IDM （have） a lot, nothing, etc. going for it/you （to have） many/not many advantages 有（或位有）诸多有利案件: She has a good job, she's attractive and intelligent― he has a lot going for her. 她有份好工作，妩媚可人，聪明 伶俐————————她有很多有利条件。◊ The town doesn't really have much going for it. 这座小镇 着实不具备太大优势。 go for sth 1 to choose sth 选择：I think Ill go for the steak. 我想要牛排。◊ Which computer system are they going for? 他们要选哪套技算机 系统？ 2 to try to get or achieve sth 努力获 取；努力实现：Did you go for that job? 你争取 过那心工作吗？。He's going for the world record 他力争打破世界纪录。◊ Go for it! You've got nothing to lose. 尽力争取吧！你不会失去什 么。 ◊ That's a great idea! Go for it! 想法很棒！ 努力去实现吧！ 3 to be sold for the price mentioned （以所提价格）出售；索价：These computers usually go for under £1000. 这类计 算机一般卖不到1000英镑。 ♦ v + prep go 'forth （literary） to leave a place and go somewhere, especially in order to do sth good or brave （尤指为做有益的或需要勇气的事情） 动身去，起程。 ♦ v + adv go 'forward 1 to make progress; to begin to happen or be successful 取得进展；开始发生; 初见成效：The project is going forward nicely. 项 目进展十分顺利。◊ Now that we have his agree- ment, the deal can go forward. 既然我们得到了 他的许可，就可以进行交易了。 2 （of clocks and watches 钟表）to be set one hour ahead at the beginning of summer （夏令时开始之际） 拨快一小时：The clocks go forward tonight. We have an hour less in bed. 今晚时钟要拨快。我 们少睡一小时。OPP go back 3 to be suggested as a candidate for a job or an elected position, etc. 获提名；列为候选人：Her name has gone forward for the job. 有人提名她出任该职。4 （to sth） to win one stage of a competition, etc. and be able to take part in the next stage （比 赛等）获胜进入下一阶段：Which teams will go forward to the second round? 哪几个队会进入 第二轮比赛呢？ ♦ v + adv go in 1 （of the sun or moon 日、月）to disappear behind a cloud 躲进云里；被云掩盖： The sun went in and it grew colder. 太阳躲到云 后，天更冷了。OPP come out 2 （informal） （of facts, information, etc. 事实、信息等）to be absorbed, understood and remembered 被吸 收；被理解；被记住：I keep studying, but: these dates just won't go in. 我不断复习，但这些日期 就是记不住。SYN sink in 3 （of a piece of equipment, furniture, etc. 设备、家具拿）to be built or fitted in a place 装入；嵌入：The kitchen will be finished once the fridge has gone in. 冰箱放进去后，厨房就安排停当了。 ♦ v + adv go in； ,go in sth； go into sth 1 to enter a room, a house, etc. 进去；进入（室 内、屋内等）：It's getting cold; let's go in.天 冷了；我们进屋去吧。 ◊ Let's go in the kitchen— it's wanner. 我们进厨房吧-----厨房暖和些。◊ Why did you go into my office? 你为什么进我的 办公室？ ◊ Are you going into town today? 你今 天要进城吗？ 2 to fit into a container, etc. 能 放进（容器等）：The suitcase is full already— those shoes definitely won't go in. 手提箱已经满 了 ——那些鞋子肯定放不下了。◊ I'm amazed that all the luggage went in the car. 行李全都放 进车里了, 我颇感惊奇。 ◊ All the photos will go into this box. 所有照片都会放进这盒子里. 3 （informal) to join an organization, especially one of the armed forces or the police 加入，参 加（某一组织，尤指军队或警察部门）：He was 17 when he went in the army. 他 17 岁入伍。◊ Ed wants to go into the Marines. 埃德想加入海 军陆战队。4 （of the ball in sports played with a ball, etc. 运动所用的球等）to enter the goal, net, hole, etc. and score points 进（门、网、 洞等）; 进球得分: Did you see if the ball went in? 你看见球进了没有？ ◊ He kicked the ball hard enough to go into the back of the goal. 他 用力把球踢进了球门里。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go in； ,go 'into sth 1 to go to an office or another place of work in order to work, do a particular task, have some work done for you, etc. 去办公室，去工作单位（上班、办事、找人 服务等）: I've got to work tomorrow, but I can always go in late. 我明天要上班，但我总还可以 迟到。◊ The car needs to go in （= into the garage） for a service. 车子需要去（修理厂）维 修了。◊ Are you going into work tomorrow? 你 明天要去工作吗？ 2 to go to a hospital to receive treatment, tests, etc. 去医院（接受治 疗、检测等）：I'm going in on Friday for an X-ray. 我星期五要去医院做X光检查。 ◊ When is Cara going into hospital? 卡拉什么时候上医 院？ 3 （of soldiers, an army, etc. 士兵、部队等） to go to a place where there is fighting or a war and become involved in it 上战场； 参战: Troops are going in tonight. 部队今晚上战场。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go 'in for sth （especially BrE） 1 to take part in a competition; to take an exam 参加（竞赛 或考试）:She goes in for all the competitions in the magazines and never wins anything. 她参加 了杂志上登的所有比赛, 却从未获奖。◊ Which events are you going in for at the school sports? 学校运动会你打算参加什么项目？ ◊ She's going in for Che Cambridge First Certificate. 她准备参 加剑桥初级证书考试。 2 -> GO INTO STH 3: He decided to go in for politics. 他决定从政。 SYN enter sth ♦ v + adv + prep go in for sth； .go in for doing sth to like sth and regularly use it, do it, etc.; to have sth as an interest or a hobby 喜欢；有...兴 趣；以...为业余爱好：S/ie goes in for very bright colours. 她喜爱给艳的色彩。◊ He doesn't really go in for making long speeches, 他不太喜欢做长 篇讲话。◊ We don't go in for that sort of thing. 我们不喜欢那种事。◊ she never went in for dancing. 她对跳舞从不感兴趣。 ♦ v + adv + prep go 'in with sb （on sth） to join sb in a particular project, activity, business, etc. 与 （某人）联合（完成某个项目、参加某个活动、 做生意等）：Jack went in with some friends to start a car hire business.杰克和一些朋友做起了 汽车租赁生意。◊ I'll go in with you on （= I'll give you some money for） Mary's present. 我 和你凑份子给玛丽买件礼物。◊ My brothers are opening a garage and they want me to go in with them. 我的几个兄弟要开汽车修理厂，想拉 我入伙。 ♦ v + adv + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 go in come in ♦ enter （sth） ♦ go in ♦ set foot in/on sth All these words mean to come or go into sth. 这些动词都表示进来或进去。 come in （also come into sth） to enter a place, especially a building, room, etc 进来; 进入 （楼内、室内等）: It's getting cold. Why don't you come in now? 天冷了。为什么现在不进来 呢？ ◊ Come in! （= used to give sb permission to enter a room）进来！ enter （sth） （formal） to come or go into a place 进入；走进：Please knock before you enter, 进 来之前请敲门。◊ Where did the bullet enter the body? 子弹打中身体什么部位了？ go in （also go into sth） to enter a place, especially a building, room, etc. 进去；进入 （楼内、室内等）: It's getting cold. Let's go in. 天冷了。我们进去吧。 ◊ They went into the dining room. 他们进了餐厅。 set foot in/on sth to enter or visit a place 进 入，踏上，访问，参观（某地）：He was the first person to set foot on the moon. 他是第一 个登上月球的人。◊ I vowed never to set foot in the place again. 我发誓再也不去那个地方。 ◊ It was the first time I'd set foot on African soil, 那是我首次踏上非洲的土地。 WHICH WORD? Come in implies movement in the direction of the speaker; go in implies movement in the opposite direction * come in 指朝说话者的方向 移动; go in 指朝相反的方向移动： Come in and help me tidy up. 进来帮我收拾一下。 ◊ The door was open but we were too scared to go in. 门是 敞开的，但我们吓得不敢进去。Enter can imply movement in either direction. * enter 可指朝 任一方向移动。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ to enter/come into/go into/set foot in a room/building/country/town ■ to enter/come in/go in by/through sth ■ to allow sb/permit sb/give permission for sb to enter/come in/go in go into sth 1 （of a vehicle 交通工具）to hit sth violently; to crash into sth 猛地撞上：The car skidded and went into a tree. 车子打滑，猛 地撞到树上。2 （of a vehicle or driver 交通工 具或驾驶员）to start a particular movement 开 始以某种方式移动；开始某种动作：The truck went into a spin on a patch of ice. 卡车在冰面 上打起转来。◊ The plane went into a nosedive. 飞机俯冲下来。3 （also ,go in for sth） to decide to do a particular kind of work as your job or career 决定从事，投身（某种行显）： When did you decide to go into politics? 你何时 决定从政的？ ◊ She's going into publishing. 她 要从事出版业。◊ Sanjay's gone into business with his father. 桑贾伊跟随父亲经商了。[OBJ] politics SYN take sth up 4 to begin to be in a particular state or situation 进入（某种状态或 状况）：She went into a coma after the accident. 事故后她陷入昏迷。 ◊ The country is going into a decline. 该国日益衰落。◊ The company has gone into liquidation. 公司在停业清算。 ◊ The family has gone into hiding. 这家人躲了起来。 [OBJ] liquidation, production, decline, hiding, exile, a coma 5 to begin to act or behave in a particular way （以某种方式）开始行动，开始 行事：He went into a long explanation of the affair. 他对那件事长篇大论解释起来。◊ Divers were there, ready to go into action if the stunt went wrong. 潜水员在那里待命。 如果特技动作 出现差错，他们会马上入水救险。6 to examine or discuss sth carefully 仔细考虑；深入探讨：I won't go into details now. 我现在不谈细节。◊ We need to go into the question of costs. 我们需 要研究一下成本问题。◊ She's not coming, for reasons which I won't go into now. 她不来了， 原因我现在不作解释。7 （also ,go 'into doing sth） （of money, time, effort, etc. 金钱、时间、 精力等）to be spent on sth; to be used to do sth 投入；用于：More money needs to go into rebuilding the inner cities. 重建市中心旧城区， 需要投入更多的资金。◊ I can see that a lot of time and effort has gone into your project. 我可 以看出这个项目你花了很多时间和精力。 ◊ A huge amount of work went into making the occasion a success. 为确保这个活动的成功，做 了大量的工作。 ◊ A lot of skill, love and work had gone into the garden. 这座花园凝聚了高超 的技艺、很多的爱心和辛劳。8 to start taking part in an exam, a competition, an election, etc. 参加（考试、竞赛、竞选等）：I can't go into the exam unprepared. 我不能毫无准备去参 加这次考试。9 if one number goes into a larger number, it is contained in that number the number of times mentioned （一数字）除 尽，整除（另一较大数字）：5 goes into 25 five times. * 5 除 25 得 5。◊ Does 13 go into 39? * 13能整除39吗？ ♦ v + prep go off 1 （to sth） to leave a place, especially in order to do sth 离开，离去（尤指去做某事）： You go off and have fun. 你去玩吧。◊ When are you going off on your trip? 你何时动身去旅行？ ◊ Have the children gone off to school yet? 孩子 们去上学了吗？ ◊ Everyone went off happy. 大 家都高高兴兴地离开了。 ◊ I can't believe Ed went off without saying goodbye! 我无法相信埃 德竟然不辞而别！ ◊ My parents have just gone off to bed. 我父母刚去睡下。 2 （of a weapon, etc. 武器等）to be fired; to explode 开火; 爆炸: The gun went off by accident. 枪走火了。 ◊ The bomb went off in a crowded street. 炸弹在熙来 攘往的大街上爆炸了。 [SUBJ] gun, bomb 3 （of an alarm 警报器或闹钟）to make a sudden loud noise or flash 突然响起; 突然闪烁：She got up as soon as the alarm clock went off, 闹钟 一响，她就一骨碌起床了。 ◊ The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went " 防盗器 警报声大作，窃贼们立刻逃走了。 [SUBJ] alarm, alarm dock, fire alarm 4 if a light, the electricity, etc. goes off, it stops working （电灯）熄灭；（供电等）中断：停止运行： Suddenly all the lights went off. 所有的灯突然 熄灭了。 ◊ The heating goes off at nine. 九点钟 停止供暖。[SUBJ] lights OPP come on; go on 5 [+ adv] if a performance, etc. goes off well/badly, it is successful/not successful （演 出等）成功 / 不成功：The show went off very well. 演出大获成功。 ◊ How did the concert go off? 音乐会开得怎么样？ ◊ The performance went off without a hitch （= without any problems at all. 演出十分顺利。6 （BrE） if food or drink goes off, it becomes bad and not fit to eat or drink （食物或饮料）变质，变 坏：This milk has gone off. 牛奶馊了。 [SUBJ] milk, meat 7 （especially BrE） to become worse in quality （质量）下降，滑坡：Her books have gone off in recent years. 她近年出的书质量下滑 了。8 （informal, especially BrE） to fall asleep 入眠；入睡：Hasn't the baby gone off （to sleep） yet? 宝宝还没睡着吗？ SYN drop off ♦ v + adv go 'off; go 'off sth 1 to move away from sth large or important and go in a different direction 偏离（主干事物）；岔开：The road you want goes off on the right. 你要走的路往右 边岔开去。◊ （figurative） She's always going off the point（= not talking about the main topic）. 她讲话老是跑题。 2 to leave the stage, the sports field, etc. during a play or a game （演 出或比赛中）下场，退场: Hamlet goes off in the middle of the scene. 哈姆雷特在该场剧前中场阶 段退场。◊ Johnson went off at half-time. 约翰 逊中场休息时下场了。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go 'off (on sb) to suddenly become angry with sb (对某人) 突然发怒，大发脾气： He just went off on her and started yelling. 他突然对她发 火，大声叫嚷起来。◊ (BrE) I spilt coffee on the sofa and my mum went off on one. 我把咖啡洒 在了沙发上，妈妈立刻发了火。 ♦ v + adv go off sb/sth (informal, especially BrE) to lose interest in sb/sth; to stop liking sb/sth 失 去对…的兴趣; 不再喜欢： I think she's going off me. 我觉得她对我没兴趣了。◊ He's gone off his food. 他厌食了。◊ I've gone off the idea of a holiday in Scotland. 我已经没有去苏格兰度假的 兴致了。 ♦ v + prep go 'off with sb to leave your husband, wife, etc. in order to have a relationship with sb else 与 (新欢) 私奔：Eddie's gone off with his wife's best friend. 埃迪跟他妻子的闺蜜私奔了。 SYN run away/off with sb ♦ v + adv + prep go 'off with sth to leave a place with sth that does not belong to you fl! 擅自拿走 (他人之 物)：Who's gone off with my new pen? 谁顺手 牵羊拿走了我的新钢笔？ SYN make off (with sth) ♦ v + adv + prep go 'on 1 (of a situation or a state of affairs 情 况或事态)to continue to happen or exist without changing 继续下去；维持不变：We can't let this dispute go on. 我们不能继续这样争 执下去。◊ Things can't go on as they are. 事情 不能再像目前这样继续下去了。◊ In spite of everything, life must go on. 无论如何，生活还 是要继续。◊ We can't go on like this! 我们不能 这样继续下去！ SYN carry on; continue 2 to last for a particular time 持缓，延续(一段时 间): The meeting went on for hours. 会开了好 几个小时。 ◊ How much longer will this hot weather go on (for)? 这样炎热的天气还会持续 多久？ SYN carry on; last 3 (with sth) to continue an activity, especially after a pause or a break (尤指停顿或中断后) 继续做 (某 事)：I'm sorry I interrupted. Go on with your story. 对不起，打断你了。继续讲你的故事吧。◊ The children quietly went on with their work. 孩 子们继续安静地做功课。 ◊ Let's take a break. We'll go on when you're ready. 咱们休息一下 吧。你们准备好了我们再继续。 SYN carry on (with sth) 4 (with sth) (also ,go on doing sth) to continue an activity without stopping (不 停顿地) 继续做 (某事)：When I came into the room, the boss just went on with what she was doing and didn't look up. 我进房间时，老板头 也没抬，只是继续忙她手里的活儿。 ◊ I could have gone on listening to Ted's stories all night. 特德的故事我可以一直听上一夜。 ◊ I'd prefer to go on doing things my own way. 我宁愿按照自 己的方式做事。SYN carry on (with sth), carry on doing sth 5 to continue speaking after a short pause (短暂停顿后) 继续设：'You know'， he went on, ‘1 never liked her.’ “ 你知道的.” 他接着说，“ 我从没喜欢过她。" ◊ Go on then! Tell me what happened! 那么快说吧！告诉我发 生了什么事！ ◊ She hesitated for a moment, and then went on. 她犹豫了一会儿，然后继续往下 说。SYN carry on 6 (of a light, the electricity, etc. 电灯、供电等) to start to work; to be switched on 打开；接通；开始运行：Suddenly all the lights went on. 突然所有的灯都亮了。 OPP go off 7 (of time 时间) to pass 流逝：过去: Things will improve as time goes on. 随着时间 的推移，情况会好转的。 ◊ She became more miserable as the evening went on. 夜渐深，她越 来越难受。SYN go by 8 (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) to take place; to happen 发生；出现：What's going on here? 这里发生什么事儿了？ ◊ Who knows what goes on when I'm away. 谁知道我外出期间会出 什么事。 ◊ There must be a party going on next door. 隔壁一定是在举行聚会。◊ She ignores a lot of what goes on. 她对很多事情都视而不见。 9 (to sth/to do sth) to do sth after you have finished sth else (完成某事后) 接着做〈另 件事)：Do all the students go on to work in catering? 是不是所有的学生都接着在餐饮业工 作？ ◊ Let's go on to the next item on the agenda. 咱们接着进行下一项议程吧。 ◊ The boys went on to a club, but I decided to go home. 男 孩子们接着去夜总会，可我决定回家。10 .go 'on! (informal) used to encourage or dare sb to do sth (用于鼓励或激将) 来吧：Go on! Have another cake. 来吧！再吃一块蛋糕。◊ Go on! Try it! 来吧！试试嘛！ ◊ Go on! Ask her out! I dare you! 去呀！约她出来呀！我谅你也不敢！ 11 (about sb/sth) to continue talking to sb for a long time about the same person or thing, usually in an annoying way 唠叨；说个没完: They keep going on about their trip. 他们没完 没了地讲他们的旅行。 ◊ What is she going on about? 她在啰唆啥呢。 ◊ My parents went on and on about how successful my sister is. 我父 母不停地唠叨我姐姐多么有出息。SYN bang on about sb/sth (BrE informal) 12 (at sb) (about sth) (especially BrE) to complain to sb about their behaviour, work, etc. (为某事) (向某 人) 唠叨，埋怨，指责： My dad went on at me about not having a job. 我爸爸责备我没工作。◊ Stop going on at me! 别数落我了!。She keeps going on at me to dress better. 她没完没了地唠 叨着，让我穿得体面些。SYN carry on (at sb) (about sth); criticize sb 13 to continue to travel in the direction you are going (按原来 的方向) 继续旅行，继续行进：I'm too tired to go on. 我累得走不动了。 ◊ They had an accident and couldn't go on. 他们出了意外，无法继续行 程。SYN carry on 14 (ahead/to sth) to travel in front of sb else 先走一步；先行：Jack's going on ahead to get the house ready. 杰克要提前出 发，去把房子收拾好。 ◊ Shall we wait for Ray or shall we go on into town without him? 我们 等一等雷，还是不等他先去城里？ 15 (of a road, a piece of land, etc. 道路、土地等) to cover a particular distance in a particular direction 延伸；延续：The desert seemed to go on forever. 沙漠一望无际。16 (of an actor or a performer 演员或表演者)to walk onto the stage to begin their performance 上场； 登台: She doesn't go on till Act 2. 她要到第二幕才出 场。17 (sport) (of a player 运动员) to join a team instead of another player during a game 替补 上场：Allen went on (in place of Brown) just before half-time. 上半场即将结束前，艾伦 上场 (替换下了布朗)。18 go on (informal, especially BrE) used to agree to do or allow sth that you do not really want to do or allow, after sb has persuaded you (表示勉强同意) 行吧，可以吧：'Are you sure you won't come?' ‘Oh go on then, but I won't be able to stay long’. “你真的不来了吗？” “喔，那还是去吧，可我 不能呆很久。" 19 go on! (old-fashioned, BrE, informal) used to show that you do not believe what sb is saying (表示不相信) 真的吗：Go on! You didn't eat it all yourself! 不会吧！你不 可能一个人把它全吃光的！ SYN get away (with you) ♦ v + adv 4 also v + adv + -ing ♦ 5 also v + adv + speech IDM be going on (for) sth (BrE) to be nearly a particular age, time or number 接近，将近 (某个年龄、时间或数字)：It was going on (for) midnight. 快到午夜了。◊ She's 20, going on 21. 她现在 20 岁，马上 21 了。enough, plenty, etc. to be going on with enough, plenty, etc. for our present needs 足够目前所 需；绰绰有余：That should be enough food to be going on with. 食物应该足够现在吃的了。 ► goings- on n [pl.] (informal) activities or events that are strange or amusing 异常情况； 有趣的活动 (或事情)：There have been some strange goings-on at their house. 最近他们家发 生了点儿有趣的事。 ► ongoing adj [usually before noun] continuing to exist or develop 继续存在的；仍 在进行的；不断发展的：an ongoing process 持 续的过程。the ongoing debate 持续两辩论。 ◊ an ongoing situation 不断发展的状况。The problem is ongoing. 这个问题尚未解决。 go on； .go on sth to fit or be put on top of another object (大小等) 合适；放到…顶部； 盖上：The lid won't go on. 盖子盖不上。 ◊ This shoe won't go on my foot at all. 这只鞋根本不 合我的脚。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go on sth 1 (used in negative sentences and questions 用于否定句和疑问句)to base an opinion or a judgement on sth 以…为依据； 凭…来判断：The police don't have much evidence to go on. 警方证据不够充分。◊ I'm only going on what she told me. 我只以她对我 说的话为依据。2 to begin doing, following, enjoying or using sth 开始 (做、遵循、享受或 使用)：to go on a course/trip 开始一门课程/旅 行 ◊ I'm going on a diet on Monday. 我星期一开 始节食。◊ When are you going on holiday? 你 什么时候去度假？ ◊ to go on the dole (= to start to receive government unemployment benefit) 开始领取失业救济金。 ◊ When do the band go on tour? 乐队何时开始巡回演出？ ♦ v + prep go on sth; go on doing sth (of money, time, energy, etc. 金钱、时间、能源等) to be spent or used for sth 花在…上；用于：All his money goes on drink. 他的钱全用来喝酒了。◊ Most of the electricity we use goes on running the computers. 我们所用的电大多耗费在运行计 算机上。 -> see also GO ON 4 ♦ v + prep go out 1 (for/to sth) to leave your house to go to social events, etc. 出门参加社交活动；外 出交际：Shall we go out for a meal tonight? 我们今晚出去吃饭好吗？ ◊ Ellie goes out a lot. 埃利经常外出参加社交活动。 ◊ She goes out dancing most weekends. 她周末多半在外跳舞。 ◊ Jenny usually goes out with her friends on Friday evenings. 珍妮通常在星期五晚上和朋友 外出娱乐。OPP stay in 2 (with sb/together) (informal) (especially of young people 尤指年 轻人) to spend time with sb and have a romantic or sexual relationship with them (与…) 约会，谈情说爱：Sam has been going out with Kate for six months. 萨姆与凯特相恋六 个月了。 ◊ How long have Sam and Kate been going out together? 萨姆与凯特相恋多久了？ ◊ When did they start going out? 他们什么时候开 始约会的？ SYN date, date sb 3 (of a letter, a message, etc. 信件、信息等) to be sent, announced, etc. 寄出；发送出；公布：Have the invitations gone out yet? 请柬发出去了吗？ ◊ A memo went out about the director's resignation. 备忘录上发布了主管辞职的消息。 4 (of news, information, etc. 新闻、消息等) to be made public; to be published 公布； 发布；刊行: Word went out that the Prime Minister had resigned. 首相据传已经辞职。◊ The magazine goes out six times a year. 这份杂志每年出版六 期。5 (especially BrE) ( of a radio or television programme 广播或电视节目) to be broadcast 播送；播出：The fyst episode goes out next Friday at 8.00 p.m. 第一集下周五晚上八时播 出。◊ The show will go out live from the studio. 节目将在演播室现场直播。6 ( of a fire or a light 火或灯光)to stop burning or shining 熄灭: The fire has gone out. 火灭了。 ◊ There was a power cut and all the lights went out. 断电了， 所有的灯都熄了。[SUBJ] lights, fire SYN be extinguished (formal) 7 if money goes out, it is spent on bills and expenses (钱) 用掉，花 掉：We need to have more money coming in than going out. 我们要多挣少花。OPP come in 8 (to ... ) to leave your country and travel to another one, especially one far away 出国 (尤 指去遥远的国度)： We went out to see him when he was living in Australia. 他住在澳大利 亚时，我们曾出国去看望他。◊ Have you been out to India recently? 你最近去过印度吗？ 9 if the tide goes out, the sea moves away from the land 退潮；落潮： When does the tide go out? 什么时候退潮？ [SUBJ] only the tide SYN ebb (more formal) OPP come in 10 to fail in a competition, contest, etc. (竞赛等中) 遭淘汰，出局: She went out in the first round of the tournament. 她在锦标赛 第一轮即遭淘汰。 ♦ v + adv IDM go out like a light to fall asleep very quickly 迅速入睡：I went out like a light as soon as my head hit the pillow. 我头一挨到枕头，就 睡着了。 ► outgoing adj 1 very friendly and liking to meet and talk to other people 友好的；开朗 的；爱交际的：Annie's sister is much more outgoing than she is. 安妮的姐姐比她外向多 了。 2 [only before noun] about to leave a position of responsibility 即将卸任的；即将离 职： the outgoing government 任期即将届满的 政府 3 [only before noun] going away from a particular place 向外的；离开的：outgoing calls/flights/passengers 打出的电话/离港航班/出发旅客 ◊ the outgoing tide 退潮 ► outgoings n [pl.] (BrE) the money which a person or a company spends regularly on bills and other necessary expenses 开支； 经常性支 出：They haven't got enough money to cover their outgoings. 他们入不敷出。 go out; go out of sth 1 to leave a room, building, etc. 出门；出去：Ifs too cold to go out 天冷得迈不出门。◊ The talking started as soon as the teacher went out of the room. 老师 刚走出教室，大家就开始说话。 ◊ It isn't a good idea to go out alone at night. 夜间不宜独自外 出。 ◊ I‘m going out for a walk. 我出去散步了。 ◊ He's just gone out to get a newspaper. 他刚出 去买报纸去了。 ◊ My grandmother never went out to work (= away from the home). 我奶奶 从没离开家门出去工出过。◊ She went straight out and spent £200 on a new coat, 她立马出去 花200英镑买了件新外套。 OPP go in, go in sth, go into sth 2 to become no longer fashionable or used 不再流行；不再使用：That hairstyle went out of fashion years ago. 那种发型多年前 就不时兴了。 ◊ Styles like that have completely gone out now. 那样的款式现在完全过时了。 ◊ The word "leathern" has gone out of use in modem English. 现代英语已经不用 leathern — 词了。OPP come in, come in sth, come into sth ♦ v + adv ♦ v + adv + prep go out for sth (AmE) to try to gain a place in a sports team, a band or a group that does some other activity 争取加入 (运动队、乐队等 团体): I had to talk Greg into going out for the basketball team. 我得说服格雷格加入篮球队。 ◊ 'Did she make the band? ' 'She didn't go out for it' “她是乐队成员吗？ ” “她没想参加。" SYN try for sth (especially BrE), try out (for sth) (especially AmE) ♦ v + adv + prep go out of sb/sth (of a quality or feeling 品 质或感觉)to no longer be present in sb/sth; to disappear from sb/sth 在…中不复存在；从… 中消失：He relaxed and the tension went out of him. 他放松下来，紧张顿消。 ◊ The heat had gone out of the day. 白天的热气已经散尽。 ♦ v + adv + prep go out to sb if you say that your heart, thoughts, prayers, etc. go out to sb, you are expressing sympathy for them 同情，怜悯 (某 人) : Our hearts go out to all the victims of the disaster. 对所有受灾者，我们深表同情。 ♦ v + adv + prep SYNONYMS同义词辨析 go out burn (itself) out ♦ die down ♦ go out These verbs all mean to stop burning. 这些动 词都表示熄灭。See also put sth out. burn (itself) out to stop burning because there is nothing more to burn 燃尽; 熄灭： The fire had burnt (itself) out before the fire engines arrived 消防车赶到时，火已经灭了。 die down to burn less strongly (火势) 变 弱；渐渐熄灭: As the flames died down he felt cold air on his face. 火焰小了，他感到脸上阵 阵寒气。 go out to stop burning 熄灭：The candles had all gone out and I was left in darkness. 蜡烛全 灭了，我陷入黑暗之中。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS ■ a fire/blaze goes out/burns (itself) out/dies down ■ flames go out/die down ■ a candle/cigarette goes out ■ to gradually burn (itself) out/die down ■ to suddenly go out go 'over 1 (to sb/sth) to move towards sb/sth, especially crossing a room, etc. (尤指 通过房间等) (向…) 走去 He went over to the window for a closer look at the parade. 他走到 窗前，就近观看游行队伍。◊ I went over and sat beside Jane. 我走过去坐在简身边。2 (to sth) to visit sb for a short time, usually at their house (到别人家) 短暂拜访, 探望：I'm going over to my daughter's for lunch. 我要去女儿家吃午饭。 -> see also GO ROUND 1 3 (to ...) to travel to a place in another country, especially by sea (到海外) 旅行：My family live in Belgium and I'm going over to see them next week. 我家人住 在比利时，我下星期要去看望他们。4 [+ adv] (AmE） -> GO DOWN 4: My suggestion didn't go over well with my boss. 老板对我的建议不以为 然 。 ◊ The news of her promotion went over well with her colleagues. 她提升的消息受到同事们的 欢迎。 ♦ v + adv go over; go over sth to pass above or over the top of sb/sth 从...上方经过：Planes were going over all night. 飞机整夜在上空飞来 飞去。 ◊ We were shaken as the car went: over the bumps in the road. 车子在坑坑洼洼的路面 上开过，把我们颠个不停。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go 'over sth 1 to do more, spend more, etc. than a particular amount or than you are allowed to do 超出，越出 (某一数量或允许范 围)：Don't go over the speed limit. 不要超过限 速。◊ Did you go over budget on your project? 你的项目超出预算了吗？ SYN exceed sth (more formal) 2 to examine the details of sth; to check sth 检查细节；审核：I'll go over the figures again to make sure they're right. 我要再 核对一下数据，以免有误。◊ Go over your work carefully before you hand it in. 交作业前要仔细 检查一下。 -> note at CHECK SB/STH OVER 3 to study sth carefully; to repeat sth 反复研究；仔 细琢磨：I've gone over and over what happened in my mind. 我心里反复琢磨所发生的事。 ◊ She went over her lines ( = in a play) until she knew them perfectly. 她反复记诵台词，直到滚 瓜烂熟。4 to look at or check sth carefully 细 查；检查：Police went (back) over all the evidence again. 警方再次仔细察看了所有证据。 ◊ My dad went over the car thoroughly and advised us not to buy it. 父亲彻底检查了那辆 车，然后建议我们不要买。 5 to draw, paint, etc. over the top of sth that has already been drawn or painted 描摹；临摹：I've gone over the original drawing in pen. 我用钢笔描摹了原 画。6 to dean sth by passing sth across the surface 打扫干净；擦试干净：He went over the surfaces with a duster. 他用抹布擦干净了表面。 ♦ v + prep ► going- over n [sing.] (informal) 1 an act of examining, cleaning or repairing sth thoroughly (彻底) 检查，打扫，维修：I've given the flat a good going-over (= a thorough clean). 我把公寓打扫得一尘不染。◊ The garage gave the car a thorough going-over (= a careful check). 汽修厂彻底检查了这辆车。2 a serious attack on sb, physically or in words 毒打；痛骂： The gang gave him a real going-over. 那帮流氓 毒打了他一顿。 go over to sb/sth 1 to leave a group of people in order to join a competing group; to change from one side, opinion, habit, system, etc. to another; to start using sth different 转 向 (另一团体、立场、见解、习惯、体系等)； 开始启用 (不同事物)：Two MPs went over to the opposition. 两名议员转投反对党。 ◊ We've recently gone over to semi-skimmed millc 我们 最近开始喝半脱脂牛奶。2 ( in broadcasting 广 播) to transfer to a different person, place, etc. for the next part of a programme 切换到 (另 一人物、地点等)：Let's go over to the news desk for an important announcement. 我们现在 播报新闻，有一条重要通告发布。 ♦ v + adv + prep go past (of time 时间)to pass 流逝；过去： Half an hour went past while we were sitting there. 我们在那里坐了半个小时。 ♦ v + adv go past; go past sb/sth to pass in front of sb/sth 在(...) 面前经过：I stood back to let Jack go past. 我往后站了站，让杰克过去。◊ The shop is empty whenever I go past it. 我每次经过 商店时，里面都空无一人。 ♦ v + adv ♦ v + prep go round (BrE) (AmE ,go a round) 1 (to sth) to visit sb for a short time, usually at their house (常指到别人家里) 探望一下：Why don't you go round and see Annie? 你为什么不去看看 安妮呢？ ◊ I've got to