1027 penalty
Peg-a-sus /'pegəsʌs/ in ancient Greek and Roman stories, a horse with wings
peg-board /'pegbɔ:d||'bɔ:rd/ n 1 a small RECTANGULAR board with holes in it used to record a player's points in certain games, especially card games 2 [U] material (e.g. FIBREBOARD) with holes in it into which one puts PEGS or hooks for hanging articles on
'peg leg n infml an artificial leg, especially a wooden one
Pei, I. M. /peɪ/ (1917-) a Chinese-American ARCHITECT, famous for buildings that have GEOMETRIC designs covered in glass. One of his most famous buildings is the glass PYRAMID at the Louvre MUSEUM in Paris.
Peirce, Charles San-ders /pɪərs||pɪərs, tʃɑ:lz 'sændərz||tʃɑ:rlz 'sændɔ:rz/ (1838-1914) a US philosopher, who said that an idea on its own does not have any value, and that there is only value in the results produced by the idea. His most important writings were put together after his death in a book called Chance, Love and Logic.
pe-jo-ra-tive /pɪ'dʒɒrətv||-'dʒɔ:r-, -'dʒɑ:-/ adj fml (of a word, phrase etc) expressing disapproval or suggesting that some-one or something is of little value or importance: *Many women now consider 'housewife' a pejorative expression, because it patronizes them.* —**ly** *adv*
pe-kin-ese, pekingese /,pi:ki:'ni:z/ /also peke /pi:k/ infml —n pl. pekinese or pekineses (*often* *cap.*) a very small dog with a short flat nose and long silky hair →see picture at DOG
Pe-king /,pi:'kɪŋ/ a former English name for Beijing, the capital of China
Peking 'Duck n [U] a Chinese dish of ROAST duck (=duck cooked in the oven or over a fire), served with a special SAUCE, and often wrapped in small PANCAKES
pe-koe /'pi:kəʊ/ n [U] a kind of tea made from the BUD (=youngest part) of the tea plant. It is especially popular in the US.
pe-lag-ic /pɪ'lædʒɪk/ adj fml or tech connected with or living in the deep sea far from the shore
Pel-é /'peleɪlpe'leɪr/ (1940-) a Brazilian football player, considered by many people to be the best footballer ever. He played for Brazil's national team in four World Cups from 1958 to 1970, and then went to the US and played for the New York Cosmos, where he helped to make football (SOCCER) more popular. In 1994, he became Brazil's minister of sports.
pel-i-can /'pelɪkən/ n pl. pelicans or pelican a large water bird which catches fish for food and stores them in a deep baglike part under its beak
pelican 'crossing n (in Britain) a PEDESTRIAN CROSSING where someone wishing to cross the road can stop the traffic by working special TRAFFIC LIGHTS. Pelican crossings are known by the figures of a standing red man which appears on the lights when it is not safe to cross and a walking green man which appears when it is safe. →compare ZEBRA CROSSING
pel-lag-ra /pɪ'lægrə/ n [U] a disease which is caused by a lack of a type of B VITAMIN, and produces great tiredness and disorder of the skin and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
pel-let /'pelɪt/ n 1 [off] a small ball of any soft substance made (as if) by rolling between the fingers: *hens fed on pellets of food* 2 a small ball of metal made to be fired from a gun
pell-mell /,pel 'mel/ adv old-fash in a disorderly hurry: *children running pell-mell down the street*
pel-lu-cid /pə'lu:sɪd/ adj lit very clear; TRANSPARENT: *a pellucid* stream —**ly** *adv*
pel-met /'pelmit/ especially BrE || valance especially AmE n a narrow piece of wood or cloth above a window that hides the rod on which curtains hang
Pel-o-pon-nese, the /,peləpə'ni:s/ the southern part of Greece, which is connected to the rest of Greece by the Isthmus of Corinth. The ancient state of SPARTA was in the Peloponnese.
Pel-o-pon-ne-sian War, the /,peləpəni:ʃən 'wɔ:r/ (431-404BC) a long war between the ancient Greek states of Athens and Sparta. It ended with the defeat of Athens, and this led to the end of Athens' political power in ancient Greece. The history of the war by the ancient Greek writer Thucydides is one of the most famous European works of history.
Pe-lo-si, Nan-cy /pə'ləʊsi, 'nænsi/ (1940-) a Democratic politician who entered the House of Representatives in 1987, representing part of California. She became the leader of the Democrats in the House in 2002, and she is the first woman ever to be elected to this position.
pe-lot-a /pə'lɒtəl-ləʊ-/ n [U] a ball game played especially in Spain, America, and the Philippines, in which a long basket tied to the wrist is used to hit the ball against a wall
pelt¹ /pelt/ v 1 [T(with)] to attack (someone) by throwing a lot of things at them, quickly and repeatedly: *They pelted the speaker with rotten tomatoes.* | (fig.) *The children pelted him with questions about his journey.* 2 [1(DOWN)] (of rain) to fall heavily and continuously: *I'm not going out there - it's really pelting (down.)* | (especially BrE) *It's pelting with rain.* 3 [+adv/prep] to run very fast: *The boys came pelting down the hill.*
pelt² n (at) full pelt (moving, running etc) as fast as possible
pelt³ n 1 the skin of a dead animal a) with the fur or hair still on it b) with the fur or hair removed and ready to be prepared as leather 2 the fur or hair of a living animal
pel-vic /'pelvɪk/ adj med of or near the pelvis: *the pelvic bones*
pel-vis /'pelvɪs/ n pl. -vises or -ves /vi:z/ the bowl-shaped frame of bones at the base of the SPINE to which the leg bones are joined
pem-mi-can, pemican /'pemɪkən/ n [U] dried meat beaten into small pieces and pressed into flat round shapes, used by travellers in distant places where food cannot be found
pen¹ /pen/ n 1 an instrument for writing or drawing with ink: *a ballpoint pen | a fountain pen | a felt-tip pen* 2 the pen is mightier than the sword quote words and books can have a stronger influence on events than the use of force (from a poem by Edward Bulwer-Lytton) 3 put/set pen to paper to start to write
pen² v -nn- [T(to)] pomp to write with a pen
pen³ n (often in comb.) a small piece of land enclosed by a fence, used especially for keeping animals in: *a sheep pen* →see also PLAYPEN
pen⁴ v -nn- [T(UP, in, IN)] 1 to shut (animals) in a pen 2 to shut (people) in a small space
pen⁵ n AmE slang a prison (short for PENITENTIARY)
pe-nal /'pi:nl/ adj 1 [A] of or for legal punishment: *the government's penal policy (=how it runs prisons, punishes criminals etc) | a penal colony/settlement (=place where prisoners are kept) on an island | He was sentenced to 12 years' penal servitude.* (=imprisonment with hard physical work) 2 [A] punishable by law: *a penal offence* 3 very severe; severely unpleasant: *penal rates of taxation* —**ly** *adv*
'penal ,code n a system of laws and statements of the punishments for breaking them
pe-nal-ize also -ise BrE /'pi:nəl-aɪz||'pi:-, 'pe-/ v [T(for)] 1 to put (someone) in a very unfavourable or unfair position: *The new tax laws penalize people who earn less than £7000 A year.* 2 (in sports) to punish (a team or player) by giving an advantage to the other team, especially by giving the other team a PENALTY (3b): *England were penalized for wasting time.* —**ization** /,pi:nəl-aɪ'zeɪʃənl,pi:nəl-ə-, pe-/ n [U]
'penal system n a system of legal punishment. In Britain this includes FINES (=a payment of money), PROBATION (=going free under certain conditions), and imprisonment, but does not include the DEATH PENALTY.
pen-al-ty /penlti/ n 1 [(for)] a punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement: *She has paid (=suffered) the penalty for her crimes with five years in prison.* | *The law imposes tough penalties on advertisers who do not tell the truth.* | *Some politicians would like to restore the death penalty for people convicted of terrorism.* | *The maximum penalty for murder is life imprisonment.* | *Fishing in this river is forbidden - penalty £5.* 2 [off] suffering or loss that is the result of one's unwise action or of one's condition or situation: *One of the penalties of fame is that people point at you in the street.* 3 (in sports) a) a disadvantage given to a player or team for breaking a rule: *If you pick up the ball with your hand in golf, you suffer a penalty.* b) an advantage given to a team because the other team have broken a rule: