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just
Jung, Carl Gus·tav /jʊŋ, kɑːl gʊstɑːv||kɑːrl ˈgʌs-/ (1875–
1961) a Swiss PSYCHIATRIST who studied the importance of
dreams and religion in problems of the mind, and divided
people into two groups, INTROVERTS and EXTROVERTS. Jung
developed the idea of the COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS, the
belief that people's feelings and reactions are often based on
deep memories of human experience in the past. He worked
with Sigmund FREUD until they had a serious disagreement.
—Jungian adj: Jungian analysis
jun·gle /ˈdʒʌŋɡəl/ n 1 [C;U] a tropical forest too thick to
walk through easily: the jungles of South America | jungle
animals | jungle warfare | (fig.) Your garden's a bit of a
jungle. 2 [C] a disorderly mass of things that is hard to
understand: the jungle of tax laws → compare FOREST; see
also CONCRETE JUNGLE, LAW OF THE JUNGLE
Jungle Book, The a book of stories by Rudyard KIPLING
about a young boy called Mowgli who grows up in the
jungle in India and is cared for by animals, such as Baloo the
bear and Bagheera the PANTHER. It was made into a very
popular CARTOON film by Walt DISNEY in 1967.
jungle gym n AmE for CLIMBING FRAME
Ju·ni·nho /dʒuːniːnjəʊ/ (1973–) a Brazilian football player
who played for Brazil's national team, but is known in the
UK especially for playing for Middlesbrough
ju·ni·or /ˈdʒuːniə/ n, adj [(to)] 1 (someone) who is younger:
He is my junior (by several years). → compare SEN-
IOR 2 (someone) of low or lower rank: a very junior
officer/minister | a junior partner in a law firm → compare
SENIOR 3 BrE a pupil at a JUNIOR SCHOOL 4 AmE (a student) of
the third year in a four-year course at HIGH SCHOOL or
university → compare FRESHMAN, SENIOR, SOPHOMORE and
see MAJOR (USAGE); see Feature on page A13
Junior¹ written abbrev. Jr AmE Jnr BrE used after the name of a
man who has the same name as his father: John J. Wallace,
Jr.
Junior² AmE spoken infml a name used when speaking to or
about a boy or younger man, especially your son: Where's
Junior?
junior college n [C;U] a college in the US or Canada where
the students study for two years for an ASSOCIATE DEGREE →
see also DEGREE
junior high school also junior high, intermediate
school n (in the US) a school for children aged 12 and 13
GRADES 7 and 8, attended after ELEMENTARY SCHOOL and
before HIGH SCHOOL → see also HIGH SCHOOL; compare
MIDDLE SCHOOL and see Feature on page A13
Junior Mints trademark a type of small, soft, circle-shaped
MINT that is covered with chocolate. People in the US often
eat Junior Mints at the cinema.
junior school n [C;U] (in Britain) a school for children aged
between 7 and 11 → see Feature on page A13
junior varsity n [C,U] AmE a team of younger or less
experienced sports players who represent a school or college
→ compare VARSITY
ju·ni·per /ˈdʒuːnɪpə/ n [C;U] a low bush with berries, whose
prickly leaves remain green all year
junk¹ /dʒʌk/ n [U] 1 infml old or unwanted things, usually of
low quality or little use or value: The attic was full of junk. |
I bought this old table in a junk shop. 2 slang a dangerous
drug, especially HEROIN → see also JUNKIE
junk² v [T] infml to get rid of as worthless: We're going to have
to junk these computers; they're obsolete.
junk³ n a flat-bottomed Chinese sailing ship with square sails
junk bond n an official document giving the owner the right
to certain property, which may or may not be profitable and
has a high risk. Junk bonds are bought and sold on the STOCK
EXCHANGE, especially to pay for an intended TAKEOVER.
Jun·kers /ˈjʊŋkəz||-kərz/ n a type of German military air-
craft designed by Hugo Junkers (1859–1935) and used by the
German air force in World War I and World War II → see
also FOKKER, MESSERSCHMITT
jun·ket /ˈdʒʌŋkɪt/ n 1 [C] infml, especially AmE, often derog a trip
or journey, especially one made by a government official
and paid for with government money: off on a junket 2 [U]
milk thickened by adding an acid, sweetened, and often
given a particular taste
jun·ket·ing /ˈdʒʌŋkɪtɪŋ/ n BrE infml 1 [C;U] (a) happy social
gathering with lots of eating and drinking 2 [U] going on a
trip or journey, especially paid for with government money
junk food n [U] infml bad quality unhealthy food, especially
chemically treated food containing a lot of sugar, fat, and
CARBOHYDRATES → compare HEALTH FOOD
junk·ie, junky /ˈdʒʌŋki/ n slang a person who habitually
takes a drug such as HEROIN and is dependent on it: (fig.) I'm a
real sugar junkie.
junk mail n [U] derog mail, usually for advertising, that is
sent to people who have not asked for it, which some people
find very annoying
junk·yard /ˈdʒʌkjɑːd||-jɑːrd/ n AmE 1 TIP 2 a place where
old or unwanted items can be left, bought and sold
Ju·no /ˈdʒuːnə/ in Roman MYTHOLOGY, the goddess of
women and marriage. She was the wife of JUPITER. In Greek
mythology her name is HERA.
Ju·no·esque /dʒuːnəʊˈesk/ adj sometimes humor a
Junoesque woman is large and tall, especially in an attrac-
tive way
jun·ta /ˈdʒʌntə, ˈhʊntə||ˈhʊntə/ n [C+sing./pl. v] often derog a
government, especially a military one, that has come to
power by force rather than through elections
Ju·pi·ter /ˈdʒuːpɪtə/ n [singular] 1 the largest PLANET in our
SOLAR SYSTEM, fifth in order from the sun 2 in Roman
MYTHOLOGY, the king of the gods. He was the god of the sky
and he threw THUNDERBOLTS when he was angry. In Greek
mythology his name is Zeus.
Jur·as·sic Park /dʒʊˌræsɪk ˈpɑːk||-ˈpɑrk/ (1993) an excit-
ing and frightening US film made by Steven SPIELBERG, about
DINOSAURS (=very large animals that lived on the Earth
millions of years ago) that have been made by scientists and
put in a special park where people can go and see them. The
dinosaurs escape and try to kill people. → see colour photo
on page A33
ju·rid·i·cal /dʒʊəˈrɪdɪkəl/ adj fml of or related to the law or
judges
jur·is·dic·tion /dʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən/ n [U] the right to use the
power of an official body, especially in order to make
decisions on questions of law: The prisoner refused to accept
the jurisdiction of the court. | That area does not fall within
the jurisdiction of the city health authority. | The UN court has
no jurisdiction over non-members.
ju·ris·pru·dence /dʒʊərɪsˈprudəns/ n [U] fml the science
or study of law
ju·rist /ˈdʒʊərɪst/ n fml a person with a thorough knowledge
of law; a legal EXPERT → compare JUROR
ju·ror /ˈdʒʊərə/ also ju·ry·man /ˈdʒʊərɪmən/ masc.
ju·ry·wom·an /-ˌwʊmən/ fem. — n a member of a jury →
compare JURIST
ju·ry /ˈdʒʊəri/ n [C+sing./pl. v] 1 a group of usually 12 people
chosen to hear all the details of a case in a court of law and
give their decision on it: The jury has/have returned (=given)
a verdict of guilty. | There were no women on the jury. | The
jury's still out. (=still hasn't come to a decision) 2 a group of
people chosen to judge a competition: Now let's ask the jury
to pick the winners of the contest. → see also GRAND JURY
jury box n the place where the jury sit in a court
jury service BrE || jury duty especially AmE — n [U] service
as a member of a jury, a duty which every adult is supposed
to do if called, except when there are reasons why they
cannot (by itself, work is not a good enough reason): I've
been called up to do jury service.
CULTURAL NOTE
In the US, anyone who is allowed to vote
can be called to serve on a jury or GRAND JURY. In Britain,
anyone between the ages of 18 and 65 who has lived in
Britain for at least five years since the age of 13 can be
called for jury service. Some people, such as priests and
judges, are not called for jury service, and neither are
people living in Northern Ireland. In both the US and in
Britain, jury service usually continues for two weeks,
unless you are chosen to be a jury member during a long
trial, when you must be on the jury until it ends.
just¹ /dʒʌst; strong dʒʌst/ adv 1 exactly: She was sitting just
here. | He arrived just as I was leaving. | That's just what I