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**Chapter 11**
a CHANNEL: *to channel (water into) the desert* **3** *AmE* **a)** to act as a MEDIUM by speaking for the spirits of the dead **b)** to allow the power of God to flow through your body or hands to make other people well or healthy again
**Channel, the** THE ENGLISH CHANNEL
**Channel 4** /,tʃænl 'fɔːr/ one of the five main television stations in the UK. It is paid for partly by advertisements and partly by the various ITV companies. Channel 4 broadcasts a wide range of programmes, including programmes for people with special or unusual interests. Several British cinema films, such as *Four Weddings and a Funeral*, have been made with money provided by Channel 4: *a late-night talk show on Channel 4* | *the Channel 4 News* ➔ compare BBC, ITV, CHANNEL 5
**Channel 5** /,tʃænl 'faiv/ the newest of the five main television stations in the UK, which is paid for by advertisements. It is known for making popular programmes and for the many films it shows. It often broadcasts the same type of programme at the same time every day. People in some parts of the UK complain that they cannot get Channel 5 programmes on their television sets or that the quality of the picture is not very good. ➔ compare BBC, ITV, CHANNEL 4
**chan·nel·ing** /'tʃænəl-ɪŋ/ *n AmE* [U] The receiving of messages from people or beings who are not present or seen on the earth. It is not widely believed in or practised. **-er n**
**Channel Islands, the** //,.. '..-/ [P] a group of British islands in the English Channel near the coast of France. The main islands are Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark.
**channel-,surf** also **'channel-,hop** *v* [I] *AmE slang* to watch television, quickly changing from one CHANNEL to another, not watching any programme for a very long time
**Channel 'Tunnel, the** a railway TUNNEL which runs under the English Channel, connecting England and France. It was opened in 1993. The EUROSTAR trains use the Channel Tunnel. ➔ see colour photo on page A36
**chant¹** /tʃɑːnt || tʃænt/ *v* [I;T] **1** to sing (words) to a chant: *a choir chanting in church* **2** to repeat (words) continuously in time: *The crowd chanted slogans and waved banners.*
**chant²** *n* **1** a regularly repeated tune, often with many words sung on one note, especially used in religious services: *a Hindu chant* ➔ see also GREGORIAN CHANT **2** words continuously repeated in time: *The crowd's chant was 'More jobs! More money!'*
**chan·try chap·el** /'tʃɑːntri ,tʃæpəl || 'tʃæn-/ *n* a CHAPEL (=a small church or part of a church) paid for by someone so that priests can pray for his or her soul there after death
**chan·ty** *BrE* also **-tey** *AmE* /'ʃænti/ *n* a song sung by sailors; a SHANTY
**Cha·nu·kah** /'hɑːnʊkə || 'kɑːnəkə, 'hɑː-/ a Jewish holiday; HANUKKAH
**cha·os** /'keɪ-ɒs || -ɑːs/ *n* [U] **1** a state of complete and thorough disorder and confusion: *The failure of the electricity supplies created utter/complete chaos in the city. | The country was plunged into chaos following the President's assassination.* **2** *poet* the state of the universe before there was any order
**cha·ot·ic** /keɪ'ɒtɪk || -'ɑːt-ɪk/ *adj* in a state of complete disorder and confusion: *The city traffic was chaotic.* **-ally** /kli/ *adv*
**chap¹** /tʃæp/ *n infml, especially BrE* a man or boy; a word now sounding rather old-fashioned or upper-class: *a decent sort of chap* ➔ see also CHAPS
**chap²** *v* **-pp-** [I;T] to (cause to) become sore, rough, and cracked: *chapped hands/lips*
**chap·ar·ral** / ,ʃæpə'ræl, ,tʃæ-/ *n* [U] *AmE* land on which many plants, especially small oaks, grow close together, found especially in the southwest of the US
**chap·el¹** /'tʃæpəl/ *n* **1** [C] a place, such as a small church, a room in a hospital, prison etc (but not a PARISH church), used for Christian worship **2** [C] a room or area in a church with its own ALTAR used especially for private prayer and small religious services **3** [C] **a)** (especially in England and Wales) a place of Christian worship used by NONCONFORMISTS (=those who do not belong to the established state church or the Roman Catholic Church) **b)** (in Scotland) a Roman Catholic church **4** [U] the religious services held in such places: *He goes to chapel every Sunday night. | I'll meet you after chapel.* **5** [C +sing./pl. *v*] a branch of a union in jobs such as printing and journalism: *The chapel has/have voted to go back to work. | a chapel meeting*
**chapel²** *adj* [F] *BrE old-fash* (especially in England and Wales) NONCONFORMIST: *He's chapel but his wife's a member of the Church of England.* ➔ compare CHURCH
**,chapel of 'love** *n* a small building or a room where people can get married in the US. Chapels of love are often used by people who want to get married quickly and cheaply, and the wedding ceremony is usually short and simple.
**,chapel of 'rest** *n* a place where bodies are kept before being buried
**chap·er·on¹**, **-one** /'ʃæpərəʊn/ *n* (especially formerly) an older person (usually a woman) who goes with a young unmarried woman in public and is responsible for her behaviour
**chaperon²**, **-one** *v* [T] to act as a chaperon to
**chap·lain** /'tʃæplɪn/ *n* a priest or other religious minister responsible for the religious needs of a club, a part of the armed forces, a hospital etc: *the prison/school chaplain*
**chap·lain·cy** /'tʃæplɪnsi/ *n* the position of a chaplain or the building where a chaplain works
**chap·let** /'tʃæplət/ *n especially lit* a decorative band of flowers worn on the head
**Chap·lin, Sir Charles (Charlie)** /'tʃæplɪn/ (1889-1977) a British film actor and DIRECTOR who worked mainly in the US in humorous SILENT FILMS (=films made with no sound) during the 1920s. He usually appeared as a humorous character who had a small MOUSTACHE, a BOWLER HAT and a WALKING STICK, and who walked in a funny way with the backs of his feet together and his toes pointing out to the sides ➔ see colour photo on page A46
**Chap·man, Jake and Di·nos** /'tʃæpmən, dʒeɪk 'diːnəs/ two brothers, Jake (1962-) and Dinos (1966-) Chapman. They are English artists whose work is often considered shocking and which is known for its BLACK HUMOUR when dealing with subjects such as sex and the violence of war. Their work uses many different materials and includes ETCHINGS, models, SCULPTURES, and wood CARVINGS.
**Chapman, Mark** (1955-) the man who shot and killed the singer John Lennon, who had been one of the BEATLES. Chapman shot Lennon in 1980 when the singer was returning to his home in the Dakota APARTMENT building in New York City with his wife, Yoko Ono. Chapman is in prison in New York.
**Chap·pa·quid·dick** /,tʃæpə'kwɪdɪk/ an island off the coast of the US state of Massachusetts. In 1969, Ted KENNEDY was involved in a car accident there in which a woman died, and it is often mentioned as a reason why he never tried to become US president.
**chap·py** /'tʃæpi/ *n BrE* a CHAP
**chaps** /tʃæps, ʃæps/ *n* [P] protective leather covers worn over trousers, especially when riding a horse
**CHAPS** /tʃæps/ *abbrev.* for Clearing House Automated Payment System; an electronic way of TRANSFERRing (=moving) money from one bank account to another by computer
**'Chap Stick** *trademark* a type of WAX-like substance in the form of a small stick, used to protect and heal sore lips
**chap·ter** /'tʃæptə/ *n* **1** any of the main divisions of a book or long article, usually having a number or title: *You have to wait till the last chapter to find out who the murderer was. | This subject is dealt with in Chapter 5. | (fig.) The Civil War was a sad chapter in American history. | (fig.) This is the latest chapter in a bitter dispute.* **2** [+sing./pl. *v*] **(a)** a general meeting of) all the priests connected with a CATHEDRAL **3** *especially AmE* a local branch of a society, club etc
**,chapter and 'verse** *n* [U] the exact details of where to find a piece of information: *When the interviewer asked her to justify her statement, she quoted chapter and verse.*
**Chapter 11** /,tʃæptər ɪ'levən/ a part of the US BANKRUPTCY laws that allows a company with financial problems to reorganize itself so that it will not be forced to close down: *Our competitor has filed for Chapter 11. | Chapter 11 proceedings*