Liverpool were given/awarded a penalty (kick) when one of their opponents handled the ball. c) also penalty goal /'…/— (in football) a GOAL gained by this means
'penalty ,area also penalty box infml — n (in football) a space·in front of the GOAL where the breaking of a rule means that the opposing team gets a PENALTY (3b)
'penalty box n 1 (in ICE HOCKEY) a box in which a player must sit for several minutes if he has broken the rules while playing: The referee sent him to the penalty box for two minutes for high sticking. (=holding his stick in a way that is dangerous to other players) 2 (in football) the penalty area
'penalty, clause n part of a contract which places penalties on the person(s) doing the work if it is not completed on time
'penalty ,goal n a GOAL scored by a penalty kick in RUGBY
'penalty, kick also penalty n 1 (in football) a free kick at the GOAL given to a team because the other team have broken a rule in the penalty area. The GOAL is defended only by the GOALKEEPER. 2 (in RUGBY) a FREE KICK
'penalty ,points BrE || points AmE — n [usually pl.] points given as penalties for certain driving offences and which appear on the driver's licence. When the points reach a certain total the driver is forbidden to drive for a set period.
,penalty 'shoot-out n an additional competition played at the end of some football matches to decide who wins, when the match has ended in a draw. Players from each team take penalty kicks, and the team that scores (SCORE) the most wins the match.
pen·ance /'penəns/ n [U(for)] the action of willingly making oneself suffer, especially for religious reasons, to show that one is sorry for having done wrong: do penance for one's sins
,pen-and-'ink' adj (of a drawing) produced using a pen and (usually black) ink, rather than brush and paint, and therefore using lines and shading rather than solid colours
pen-and-ink² n BrE humor slang an unpleasant smell, a STINK
pence /pens/ BrE 1 (often in comb.) pl. of PENNY: twopence | eleven pence | a few pence → see PENNY (USAGE) compare CENT 2 -pence also p — having the value of the stated number of pennies: a 13-pence stamp | a 5p piece (=coin) 3 not have two pence to rub together infml to be very poor: He couldn't possibly afford a holiday abroad – he hasn't got two pence to rub together!
pen·chant /'pɒnʃən, 'pentʃəntɪl'pentʃənt/ n [(for) usually sing.] Fr a liking, especially for something that is slightly disapproved of by other people: a penchant for fast cars
pen·cil $ ^{1} $ /'pensəl/ 1 a narrow pointed usually wooden instrument used for writing or drawing, containing a thin stick of a black or coloured material: written with a pencil/in pencil | a pencil sketch | to sharpen a blunt pencil 2 [(of)] a narrow beam (of light) beginning from or ending in a small point → see also EYEBROW PENCIL
pencil² v -ll- BrE || -l- AmE
pencil sbdy./sthg. in phr v [T] to include for the present time, e.g. on a list or in an arrangement, with the possibility of being changed later: I've pencilled you in for the match on Saturday.
'pencil ,pusher n AmE a PEN PUSHER
'pencil ,skirt n a long narrow straight skirt
pen·dant, -dent /'pendənt/ n a hanging piece of jewellery, especially a long chain worn round the neck with a small decorative object hanging from it
pen·dent /'pendənt/ adj fml or tech 1 hanging supported from above: a pendent lamp 2 hanging over; sticking out beyond a surface: pendent rocks
pend·ing¹ /'pendɪŋ/ prep fml while waiting for; until: We delayed our decision pending his return from Europe.
pending² adj 1 [F] fml not yet decided or settled: The letter's in the pending file/tray (=a FILE/TRAY where papers are kept which cannot be dealt with yet, e.g. because they are about something which has not yet happened, or because more information is needed) 2 [A] soon to happen; IMPENDING
pen-du-lous /'pendjəlesl-dʒə-/ adj fml hanging down
loosely so as to swing freely: pendulous breasts ~~ly adv
pen-du-lum /'pendjʊləmll-dʒə-/ n 1 a weight that hangs from a fixed point and swings freely 2 a rod with a weight at the bottom, used to control the working of a clock 3 something that tends to change regularly from one position to an opposite one: Since the last election, the pendulum of public opinion has swung back against the government.
Pe·nel·o·pe /pə'neləpi/ in ancient Greek stories, the wife of ODYSSEUS, who remained faithful to him while he was away from home, fighting in the Trojan War, for over 20 years → see also ODYSSEY
pen·trate /'penəstreɪt/ v 1 [l(into, through);T] to enter, pass, cut, or force a way (into or through): The knife penetrated his stomach. | The rain had penetrated right through (his clothes) to his skin. | The noise of the explosion penetrated the thickest walls. | They are hoping to penetrate the Japanese market (=begin selling goods there) with their latest product. 2 [T] to see into or through: My eyes couldn't penetrate the gloom. | (fig.) the scientists who first penetrated the mystery of the atom | He had a false beard on, but we soon penetrated his disguise. (=recognized that it was him) 3 [l] infml to come to be understood: I heard what you said, but it didn't penetrate. → compare PIERCE; see also IMPENETRABLE —-trable /trəbəl/ adj —-trability /,penəstre'biləti/ n [U]
pen·e·trat·ing /'penəstreɪtɪŋ/ adj 1 (of the eye, sight, a question etc) sharp and searching: his penetrating gaze 2 (of a person, the mind etc) able to understand clearly and deeply; ACUTE 3 (of a sound) sharp and loud: a penetrating whistle 4 spreading and reaching everywhere: penetrating dampness ︷ly adv
pen·e·tra·tion /,penəˈtreɪʃən/ n [U] 1 the act or process of penetrating: The company has had a successful first year at home but penetration of the international market has been slow. 2 fml apprec the ability to understand quickly and clearly; INSIGHT 3 tech the putting of the male sex organ into the female sex organ when having sex
pen·e·tra·tive /'penətrətivl-treitiv/ adj 1 able to penetrate easily 2 (of a person, their mind etc) keen; INTELLIGENT: her penetrative observations ︷ly adv
'pen friend also pen pal especially AmE — n a person, especially in a foreign country, with whom one has made friends by writing letters, but whom one has probably never met. Students learning a foreign language are often encouraged to find a pen friend, and this can be done through organizations established for this purpose.
pen·guin /'pengwən/ n an often large black-and-white sea-bird, especially of the Antarctic, which cannot fly but uses its wings for swimming
Penguin trademark a type of PAPERBACK book produced by Penguin Books, which was the first British company to sell good books as paperbacks at a reasonable price. Penguin is the best known name in paperbacks in the UK.
pen-i-cil-lin /,penʒ'sɪlʒn/ n [U] a substance used as a medicine to destroy certain bacteria in people and animals; a powerful ANTIBIOTIC. It was the first antibiotic and although others are now more often used it is the best-known. Some people, especially older people, use the word to mean any antibiotic.
pe·nin·su·la /pə'ninsjəla·-sələ/ n a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a larger mass of land: Italy is a peninsula. —lar adj
Pe,ninsular 'War, the a war that was fought in Spain and Portugal between the armies of France, led by Napoleon, and of Britain, led by the Duke of Wellington. It began when Napoleon attacked Spain in 1808 and ended when he was defeated and forced to leave Spain in 1813.
penis /'pi:nəs/ n the outer sex organ of male animals that is used for passing water from the body and in sexual activity
pen·i·tent¹ /'penʃtənt/ adj fml feeling or showing that one is sorry for having done wrong and that one intends not to do so again; REPENTANT → opposite IMPENITENT ︷ly adv ︸-tence n [U(for)]
penitent² n a person who is doing or suffering religious PENANCE
pen·i·ten·tial /,penə'tenʃəl/ adj of penitence or PENANCE/—ly adv
pen·i·ten·tia·ry /,penə'tenfəri/ n a prison, especially in the US: the state penitentiary