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to be publicly sold or given out: *The Christmas issue of the magazine had a picture of carol singers on its cover.* | *There's a new issue of stamps to commemorate the Royal Wedding.* **3** [U] the act of coming out or being produced: *I bought the new stamp the day of its issue.* | (*fml*) *the issue of blood from a wound* **4** a company's SHARES **5** [U+sing./pl.v] old use and law children (especially in the phrase **die without issue**) **6** [C] *fml* what happens in the end; the result: *to await the issue* **7** **at issue** under consideration, especially because of some doubt: *Her ability is not at issue; it's her character I'm worried about.* **8** **take issue with** *fml* to disagree with (a person) → see also RIGHTS ISSUE, SIDE ISSUE
**issue²** *v* [T] **1** to produce (especially something printed and/or official): *Banknotes of this design were first issued 20 years ago.* | *The government is expected to issue a statement about the crisis.* **2** to give out or provide officially: *Our new uniforms haven't been issued yet.* | [+obj+with] *They issued the firemen with breathing equipment.* | [+obj+to] *They issued breathing equipment to the firemen.*
**issue forth** *phr v* [I] *lit* to go or come out
**issue from sthg.** *phr v* [T no pass.] *fml* to come or result from: *smoke issuing from the chimneys* | *Our economic problems issue from a lack of investment.*
**Is·tan·bul** /ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ a large city and port in northwest Turkey, at the point where Europe joins Asia. From 330 AD to 1923 it was called CONSTANTINOPLE, and before that it was known as BYZANTIUM. It is the largest city in Turkey, but it is not the capital city (which is Ankara).
**isth·mus** /ˈɪsməs/ *n* a narrow piece of land with water on each side, that joins two larger pieces of land: *the Isthmus of Panama*
**it¹** /ɪt/ *pron* (used as subject or object) **1** **a**) that thing, group, idea etc, already mentioned: *I picked up the plate and put it on the table.* | *'Whose coat is this?' 'It's mine.'* | *'Where's my dinner?' 'The cat ate it.'* | *The government has become very unpopular since it was elected.* | *They were all shouting; it (=the situation) was terrible.* | *'I've broken a plate.' 'It (=the breaking of the plate) doesn't matter.'* **b**) that person or animal whose sex is unknown or not thought to be important: *What a beautiful baby – is it a boy?* **2** that person: *'Who's that?' 'It's me!'/'It's Harry!'/'It's the postman!'* → see THERE (USAGE) **3** **a**) (used in the pattern **it+be**+a noun or adjective, for making a statement about especially weather, time, or distance): *It's raining.* | *It's hot.* | *It's a beautiful day.* | *It's Thursday.* | *It'll soon be breakfast time.* | *It's not far to Paris.* | *It's 112 miles from London to Birmingham.* | *It's my turn next.* **b**) that thing or situation not mentioned but understood by the speaker and the hearer: *I can't stand it (=this situation) any longer.* | *How's it (=your life, work etc) going?* | *The worst of it is that we'll have to get the repairs done again.* **4** (used as a subject or object in various verb patterns where the real subject or object comes later): *It makes me sick the way she's always complaining.* | [+v-ing] *It's fun being a singer.* (=being a singer is fun) | *What's it like being married?* | *It's no use worrying.* | *It felt funny watching myself on television.* | [+to-v] *It cost £800 to mend the roof.* (=the mending of the roof cost £800) | *It proved difficult to reach an agreement.* | *It's easy for you to criticize, but could you do any better?* | *It surprised me to hear she was leaving.* | *It's important to continue with the experiment.* | *Would it be possible to borrow your car?* | [+(that)] *It's true that he stole the jewels.* (=he did steal them) | *It's a pity (that) you forgot.* | *It says in the paper that the game has been cancelled.* | *I take it that you don't agree with me.* | *I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.* | *It is said that she opposes this plan.* | *They kept it quiet that the President was dead.* | [+wh-/if] *Is it known where they went?* | *I liked it when she kissed me.* (=I liked her kissing me) | *Does it matter if I don't wear a tie?* | *I can't help it if she's always late.* | [it+be+adj+of] *It is very kind of you to help us.* (=in helping us, you are being very kind) | *It was silly of him to say that.* **5** (used as the subject of **seem**, **appear**, **happen**, or **look**): *It seems (that) she lost her way.* | *'She's drunk.' 'So it appears!'* | *As it happens, I know the person you mean.* | *Since it happened to be a nice day, we decided to go to the beach.* | *It looks as if we're going to be late.* **6** (used to make one part of the sentence more important) **a**) (with the subject): *It was Jane who bought dinner yesterday.* (=I didn't buy it) **b**) (with the object): *It was dinner that Jane bought yesterday.* (=she didn't buy LUNCH) **c**) (with an adverb or PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE): *It was yesterday that Jane bought dinner.* (=not today) | *It was in London that I last saw her.* **7** *usually infml* (used as a meaningless object of certain verbs): *They ran for it.* (=tried to escape) | *He lorded it over his friends.* (=behaved like a more important person) | *She's decided to leave her job and go it alone as a business consultant.* **8** **if it weren't for/hadn't been for** without the help or existence of: *If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.* | *If it hadn't been for the snow, we could have got there much earlier.* **9** **That's it:** **a**) that's complete; there's nothing more to come: *'You can have one more sweet and that's it.'* | *'Is that it?'* (=is that all/everything?) **b**) that's right: *'Move the ladder for me – that's it!'* → see also **catch it** (CATCH¹), **have had it** (HAVE¹), **have what it takes** (TAKE¹)
**it²** *n* [U] **1** the most important person in a children's game, especially the one who finds the others who are hiding **2** *old-fash* Italian VERMOUTH (only in the phrase **gin and it**) **3** *slang* the important moment: *This is it – I'll have to make my mind up now.* **4** *slang* **a**) SEXUAL INTERCOURSE **b**) *old-fash* for SEX APPEAL → see also **with it** (WITH)
**IT** /ˌaɪ ˈtiː/ *n* [U] *abbrev.* for Information Technology; the use of computers and TELECOMMUNICATIONS systems to collect, store, and communicate information: *We have an IT lesson on Tuesday mornings.*
**I·tal·ian¹** /ɪˈtæliən/ *n* **1** [U] the language of Italy **2** [C] someone from Italy
**Italian²** *adj* from or connected with Italy
**I·tal·i·anate** /ɪˈtæliəneɪt/ *adj* *lit* with an Italian style or appearance
**Italian 'dressing** *n* [U] a liquid poured on SALDAL (=raw vegetables), made from oil and VINEGAR and from HERBS which are typically used in Italian cooking
**i·tal·i·cize** also **-cise** *BrE* /ɪˈtælsaɪz/ *v* [T] to put or print (something) in italics
**i·tal·ics** /ɪˈtælks/ *n* [P,U] (the style of writing or printing with) sloping letters: *This example is printed in italics.* → compare ROMAN —**italic** *adj*: *italic script/handwriting*
**Italo-** /ɪtæləʊ/ *prefix* Italian: *the Italo-Austrian border*
**It·a·ly** /ˈɪtəli/ a country in southern Europe, surrounded on three sides by the Mediterranean Sea. It is a member of the EU. Population: 57,998,353 (2003). Capital: Rome. In ancient times, Italy was home of the Roman CIVILIZATION which has had a great influence on how people in Europe live and think. The RENAISSANCE began in Italy in the 14th century, and Italy is known for its many beautiful paintings, SCULPTURES, and buildings as well as music, especially OPERA. Many British people go to Italy on holiday, especially to Tuscany. → see also CHIANTISHIRE
**ITC, the** /ˌaɪ tiː ˈsiː/ *abbrev.* for the Independent Television Commission; the organization which is responsible for controlling the operation of private television companies in the UK
**itch¹** /ɪtʃ/ *v* [I] **1** to cause or feel a slight uncomfortable soreness which makes one want to SCRATCH the skin: *The wound itches all the time.* | *I'm itching all over.* **2** **be itching to/for** *infml* to want very much to do something soon: *I'm itching to go.* | *I'm itching to open my presents.*
**itch²** *n* [C usually sing.] **1** a feeling of itching **2** *infml* a strong desire: [+to-v] *an itch to travel* → see also SEVEN-YEAR ITCH
**itch·y** /ˈɪtʃi/ *adj* feeling or causing an itch: *I felt itchy all over.* | *rough itchy woollen socks* —**iness** *n* [U]
**itchy 'feet** *n* [P] *infml* the desire to travel or habit of wandering, especially to other countries
**itchy 'palm** also **itching 'palm** *n* *infml* a great desire for money, especially as (secret) payment for doing unfair favours
**it'd** /ɪtəd/ *short for* **1** it would: *It'd be better if I had more money.* **2** it had: *It'd been raining earlier that morning.*
**i·tem¹** /ˈaɪtəm/ *n* **1** [C(of)] a single thing on a list or among a set: *The police examined several items of clothing.* (=trousers, shoes, coats etc) | *an interesting news item/item of news in today's paper* **2** [S] *infml* a subject of GOSSIP especially two people who are thought to have a (secret) emotional or sexual relationship: *Have you noticed that Jill and Matt are absent on the same days? I wonder if they're an item.*