roughneck
1204
**rough-neck** /'rʌfnek/ *n* **1** a member of the team of men
who make or operate an oil well **2** *informal*, especially *AmE* a rough
bad-tempered person
**,rough 'paper** *n* [U] paper (to be) used for making an
incomplete or undetailed drawing, piece of writing etc
**'Rough ,Riders, the** a group of US COWBOYS and farmers
who were trained to fight against the Spanish in Cuba in the
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898). They were led by Theodore
ROOSEVELT, who later became the US president.
**rough-shod** /'rʌfʃɒd||-ʃɑ:d/ *adv* → see ride roughshod over
(RIDE)
**'rough ,sleeper** *n* *BrE* a homeless person who sleeps out on
the street
**'rough stuff** *n* [U] *informal* violence; violent behaviour
**rou-lette** /ru:'let/ *n* [U] a game of chance in which a small
ball is spun round a moving wheel and falls into a hole
marked with a number → see also RUSSIAN ROULETTE
**round¹** /raʊnd/ *adj* **1** shaped like a circle; circular: *a round
plate/table* | *The little boy's eyes grew round with
delight.* **2** shaped like a ball; SPHERICAL: *The Earth is round,
not flat.* **3** (of a part of the body) fat and curved: *the child's
round red cheeks* **4** [A] (of a number) full; complete: *a round
dozen* **5** **in round figures** (of a number) not expressed
exactly, but to the nearest 10, 100, 1000 etc, without paying
attention to small amounts: *The car cost £9878 – that's £10,000
in round figures.* → see also ROUNDLY → -ness *n* [U]
**round²** || usually **around** *AmE* — *adv* **1** with a circular move-
ment; (as if) spinning in a circle: *The Earth turns round once
in 24 hours.* | *The wheels went round and round.* | *His head
was spinning round with all the excitement.* | (*fig.*) *Your birth-
day will soon come round again.* | (*fig.*) *This plant flowers all
(the) year round.* (=during the whole year) **2** in a circular
position or arrangement; surrounding a central point: *The
field has a fence all round.* | *The children gathered round to
hear the story.* | *The tree trunk is two metres round.* **3** to
various places: *They travel round together.* **4** to a particular
place: *They invited us round* (=to their house) *for drinks.* | *He
came round (to our place) at 6.00 and we went out
together.* **5** all over the place; in or into all parts; everywhere
or to everyone in a place: *Hand/Pass round the wine
glasses.* | *Let me show you round.* | *A nasty rumour has been
going round.* | *Let's go into the palace and have a look round.* |
*There weren't enough books to go round.* (=enough for each
person to have one) **6** so as to face the other way or the
stated way: *Turn the picture round to face the wall.* | *He's got
his hat on the wrong way round.* (=with the back of the hat
in front) **7** (of a journey) not going the straightest way: *Let's
walk/drive round by the park instead of going straight
home.* **8** **round about** *informal* a little bit more or less than;
about: *It'll cost you round about £300.* → see also ROUND-
ABOUT **9** **the other/opposite way round** in the opposite
order: *The dog didn't bite the boy. It was the other way round –
the boy bit the dog!* → see also ALL ROUND
**round³** || usually **around** *AmE* — *prep* **1** with a circular move-
ment about (a central point): *The Earth goes round the sun.* |
*Drake sailed (right/all) round the world and came back to
England.* **2** in a circular position on all or some sides of (a
central point): *We sat round the table.* | *Tie the belt round
your waist.* | *Put something round your shoulders – it's
cold.* **3** into all parts of; all over (a place): *Have a look round
the shop.* | *Let me show you round the castle.* | *They danced
round and round the room.* | *We travelled round Europe.* **4** to
or at the other side of, not going straight but changing
direction: *He disappeared round the corner.* | *The car's round
the back of the house.* **5** in the neighbourhood of; near (a
place): *Do you live round here?* **6** a little bit more or less
than; about: *It'll cost somewhere round £50.* **7** *BrE nonstandard*
to; round to: *I'm just going round the shops for some sugar.* →
see also **round the bend** (BEND), **around/round the clock**
(CLOCK)
**USAGE** Some people use **round** (*adv* and *prep*) or **about**
(*adv*) while others, especially Americans, use **around**.
People who use both often make a difference between
**round** for 'circular movement' or 'measurement': *He
turned round.* | *a tree five feet round* and **around**
meaning 'in a general area' or 'moving to different places':
*He lives somewhere around.* | *I was just walking around.*
Compare: *The spaceship travelled right round the world in
40 minutes* (=in one complete circle) and *I travelled all
around the world for a few years* (=all over the place).
**round⁴** *n* **1** [(of)] a number or set of connected events: *We
hope the next round of arms-limitation talks will be more
successful.* | *Life was one continual round of parties.* **2** a
regular journey to a number of houses, offices etc, in a town:
*She does a paper round.* (=delivers newspapers to houses) →
see also MILK ROUND, ROUNDS, ROUNDSMAN **3** a number of
especially alcoholic drinks bought for everyone present: *to
buy a round of drinks* | *What'll you have? It's my round.* (=I'm
paying) **4** (in GOLF) a complete game including all the
holes **5** **a)** (in BOXING, WRESTLING etc) any of the periods of
fighting in a match, separated by short rests: *He was knocked
out in the second round.* | *a 12-round contest* **b)** (in tennis,
football etc) any of the stages in a competition: *Becker will
play Cash in the next round of the US Open Champion-
ships.* **6** one single shot from a gun: *He fired round after
round.* | *I've only got two rounds (of ammunition) left.* (=bul-
lets for two shots) **7** [+of] a long burst: *Let's have a big round
of applause for that very fine performance!* **8** especially *BrE* **a)**
a SANDWICH made with two whole pieces of bread: *I'll have
two rounds of cheese sandwiches.* **b)** one whole piece of
bread: *two rounds of toast* **9** [(of)] something that has a
circular shape: *Put a little round of butter on each steak.* **10** a
song for three or four singers, in which each sings the same
tune, one starting a line after another has just finished
it **11** **the/one's daily round** the/one's duties that must be
done every day: *the daily round of cooking and cleaning* →
see also THEATRE IN THE ROUND
**round⁵** *v* [T] **1** **to go round**: *She rounded the corner at top
speed.* | *We rounded the cape and sailed for home.* **2** **to make
round**: *He rounded his lips as if about to whistle.*
**round sthg. ↔ down** *phr v* [T(to)] to reduce (an exact figure)
to the nearest whole number: *If your income is £12,386.46, it
will be rounded down to £12,386 for tax purposes.* → compare
ROUND OFF, ROUND UP
**round sthg. ↔ off** *phr v* [T] **1** [(by, with)] to end suitably and
satisfactorily: *We rounded off the meal with some
brandy.* **2** to change (an exact figure) into the nearest whole
number → compare ROUND DOWN, ROUND UP
**round on sbdy./sthg.** *phr v* [T] to turn and attack, angrily
and unexpectedly: *The lion suddenly rounded on the
hunters.* | *Then for no reason she rounded on me and started
screaming.*
**round out** *phr v* **1** [T(round sthg. ↔ out)] to complete: *He
rounded out his education by spending a year in Paris.* **2** [I]
(especially of a woman) to become rounder in shape, espe-
cially in an attractive way
**round sbdy./sthg. ↔ up** *phr v* [T] **1** to gather or bring
together (scattered things, people, or animals, especially
cattle): *The shepherd's dog rounded up some stray sheep.* |
*Round up a few friends to help you.* | *Two of the thieves were
arrested outside the bank, and the rest of the gang were
rounded up later.* → see also ROUNDUP **2** [(to)] to increase (an
exact figure) to the next highest whole number → compare
ROUND DOWN, ROUND OFF
**round-a-bout¹** /'raʊndəbaʊt/ *n* **1** *BrE* || **traffic circle** *AmE* — a
place where three or more roads meet, which has a usual
circular area in the middle, and which cars must drive
around **2** *BrE* for MERRY-GO-ROUND → see also **what you lose
on the swings you gain on the roundabouts** (SWING)
**roundabout²** *adj* indirect; not in the shortest possible way:
*We took a roundabout route to avoid the floods.* | *a roundabout
way of saying something*
**roun-ded** /'raʊndɪd/ *adj* round, especially pleasingly curved:
*her pleasantly rounded figure* → see also WELL-ROUNDED
**,round 'bracket** *n* *BrE* for BRACKET (2c)
**roun-del** /'raʊndl/ *n* **1** a small raised circle cut into wood or
stone as a decoration **2** a coloured circle showing the
nationality of a military aircraft
**roun-ders** /'raʊndəz||-ərz/ *n* [U] a British ball game like
BASEBALL, usually played by children, in which a player hits
the ball and then runs round the edge of a square area:
*rounders bat*