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herbal
in Europe, and this made him unpopular with the BARONS
(=men of the highest social class). Led by Simon de Montfort,
they fought against him but eventually lost.
Henry IV, King /'henri ðə ˈfɔːθ-ˈfɔːrθ/ (1366–1413) the king
of England from 1399, when he took power from King
Richard II, until his death. He spent much of his time as
king fighting to gain control over Wales and Scotland, but
he was unsuccessful in this. There are two plays by William
Shakespeare about his life (Henry IV, Part I, and Henry IV,
Part II).
Henry Tudor → see HENRY VII
Henry V, King /'henri ðə ˈfɪfθ/ (1387–1422) the king of
England from 1413 until his death, who is remembered
especially for defeating the French at the Battle of Agin-
court. The events surrounding this battle are described in
Shakespeare's play Henry V, and there is a famous speech in
which Henry says to his soldiers 'Once more unto the breach,
dear friends, once more', in order to encourage them to
continue fighting. The play has been made into a film, by
both Laurence OLIVIER (1944) and Kenneth BRANAGH (1989).
Henry VI, King /'henri ðə sɪksθ/ (1421–71) the king of
England from 1422 to 1461 and from 1470 to 1471. During
Henry's rule there was great dissatisfaction with the govern-
ment. This led to the Wars of the Roses, in which Henry was
finally murdered.
Henry VII, King /'henri ðə ˈsevənθ/ also Henry Tudor
(1457–1509) the king of England from 1485 until his death in
1509. He defeated Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field,
and married to unite the families of York and Lancaster and
so ended the Wars of the Roses between the two families.
Henry VIII, King /'henri ði
ˈeɪtθ/ (1491–1547) the king of
England from 1509 until his
death. The fact about Henry
VIII which most British peo-
ple know is that he had six
wives. He tried to legally end
his first marriage, to
Catherine of Aragon,
because she did not produce
any sons and he wanted to
marry Anne Boleyn, but the
Pope refused to allow this.
Henry disobeyed the Pope
and made himself the head
of the church in England.
This started the REFORMA-
TION in England, in which
the Protestant church was
established. His other wives were: Anne Boleyn, who had
her head cut off; Jane Seymour, who died while giving birth
to a child; Anne of Cleves, whom Henry DIVORCED;
Catherine Howard, who had her head cut off; and Catherine
Parr, who lived on after Henry's death. During Henry's time as
king, many schools were established, and England became a
more powerful country. He is usually thought of as a rather
fat man who enjoyed eating, and there is a joke that he used
to throw chicken legs over his shoulder after he had eaten the
meat off them. → see also MORE, THOMAS
King Henry VIII
Henry Wood Promenade Concerts, the the official
name of the PROMS
Henson, Jim /'hensən, dʒɪm/ (1936–90) a US maker of
PUPPETS, who invented the MUPPETS, including characters
such as Kermit the Frog, Miss Piggy, and the Cookie Monster
hep·atic /hɪˈpætɪk/ adj [A] med relating to your LIVER
hep·a·ti·tis /hepəˈtaɪtɪs/ n [U] a disease of the LIVER that
causes physical weakness and JAUNDICE (=yellowness of the
skin)
hepatitis A n [U] a usually less severe form of hepatitis,
caused by infected food or water
hepatitis B n [U] a severe form of hepatitis passed from one
person to another in infected blood
Hep·burn, Au·drey /'hepbɜːn-ˈbɜːrn, ˈɔːdri/ (1929–92) an
actress, famous for being extremely beautiful and graceful,
who was born in Belgium and who appeared in both British
and American films, such as Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) and
MY FAIR LADY (1964). She also worked for UNICEF, helping
poor and sick children in places like Africa and Latin America.
→ see colour photo on page A32
Hepburn, Kath·a·rine /'kæθərɪn/ (1909–2003) one of
America's greatest film and theatre actresses, known for
appearing as strong, brave, and determined characters. She
often worked with Spencer TRACY, with whom she had a
romantic relationship for many years. Her films include The
Philadelphia Story (1940), The African Queen (1951), Guess
Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), and On Golden Pond (1981).
Hep·haes·tus /hɪˈfiːstəs-ˈfes-/ in Greek mythology, the
god of fire and METALWORK (=making metal objects), who
made weapons for the gods. In Roman mythology his name is
VULCAN.
hep·ta·gon /'heptəgən-ˈgɑn/ n a shape with seven sides
—hep·ta·go·nal /hepˈtægənəl/ adj
hep·tath·lon /hepˈtæθlən/ n [sing] a women's sports compe-
tition involving seven events that include running, jump-
ing, and throwing
Hep·worth, Bar·ba·ra
/'hepwɜːθ-ˈwɜːrθ,
ˈbɑbərə-ˈbɑːr-/ (1903–75) a
British SCULPTOR (=a person
who makes art products out
of stone, metal, and wood)
known for the ABSTRACT
style of her work
a Barbara Hepworth
sculpture
her¹ /ər, hər; strong hɜːr/
determiner [(possessive form of
SHE)] 1 of or belonging to
her: Mary sat down in her
chair. | You should ask her
opinion. | It was her first
attempt. 2 (used of vehicles,
countries etc that are
thought of as female): the
ship with all her passengers
her² pron [(object form of SHE)]
Where is she? Can you see her? | Give her the keys/Give the
keys to her. | Which is the girl you know? Is that her? | God
bless this ship and all who sail in her! → see ME (USAGE)
He·ra /'hɪərə/ in Greek MYTHOLOGY, the goddess of women
and marriage. She was the wife of ZEUS. In Roman mythology
her name is Juno.
Her·a·kles, Her·a·cles /'herəkliːz/ the Greek name for
HERCULES
her·ald¹ /'herəld/ n 1 (in former times) a person who carried
messages from a ruler and gave important news to the
people 2 (especially in Britain) an official person who keeps
records of the COATS OF ARMS of noble families 3 [(of)] lit
something that is a sign of something about to come,
happen etc: a herald of spring → compare HARBINGER
herald² v [T(IN)] fml or lit to be a sign of (something coming or
about to happen): Their new offer may herald a break-
through in the peace talks. | The singing of the birds heralded
(in) the day.
Herald, The → see GLASGOW HERALD
he·ral·dic /he'rældɪk/ adj of or concerning heraldry
her·al·dry /'herəldri/ n [U] the study and use of COATS OF
ARMS
Herald Tribune, The → see INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIB-
UNE
herb /hɜːbɜːrb, hɜːrb/ n any of several kinds of small plant
which are used to improve the taste of food or to make
medicine: The sauce is flavoured with herbs, including marjo-
ram and basil.
her·ba·ceous /həˈbeɪʃəs-ˈhɜːrbeɪ-, ɜːrˈbeɪ-/ adj fml or tech
(of a plant) soft-stemmed, not woody
herbaceous border n a long flower bed of herbaceous
plants that do not die in the winter. Herbaceous borders are
a typical feature of English gardens and are usually very
colourful in the summer.
herb·al¹ /'hɜːbəl-ˈɜː-, ˈhɜːr-/ adj made of herbs: herbal
medicine | herbal tobacco
herbal² n a book, usually an old one, about herbs, especially
about their use as medicine