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Bowie, James
playing area, often marked by a rope 4 (in cricket) a shot that sends the ball across the boundary giving 4 or 6 points
**bound·en** /'baʊndən/ adj [A] fml, becoming rare necessary; OBLIGATORY (in the phrase **bounden duty**)
**bound·er** /'baʊndəʳ/ n BrE old use slang a dishonourable man who does not behave in a socially acceptable way; CAD
**bound·less** /'baʊndləs/ adj without limits: *boundless wealth/imagination* **-ly** adv **-ness** n [U]
**bounds** /baʊndz/ n [P] the furthest limits or edges of something; the limits beyond which it is impossible or undesirable to go: *You must keep your spending within bounds. | His greed for power knows no bounds. | The pub was out of bounds (=forbidden) to the schoolboys. | It is not beyond the bounds of possibility (=it is possible, though perhaps unlikely) that he is telling the truth.*
**boun·te·ous** /'baʊntiəs/ adj fml or lit giving or given freely; generous: *bounteous gifts* **-ly** adv **-ness** n [U]
**boun·ti·ful** /'baʊntɪfəl/ adj fml or lit generous; in large quantities: *a bountiful supply*
**boun·ty** /'baʊnti/ n 1 [C] money paid by a government, especially formerly, for some special reason (for example as a reward for joining the army or catching a criminal) 2 [U] especially lit generosity
**Bounty** trademark a kind of chocolate bar containing COCONUT, sold in the UK
**Bounty, The** also **HMS Bounty** a British naval ship on which there was a famous MUTINY (=when the ordinary sailors take control of a ship by force) in the Pacific Ocean in 1789. The sailors, led by an officer called Fletcher Christian, took power from Captain William BLIGH, and made him leave in a small boat. There have been many books and films about this story, including the film Mutiny on the Bounty.
**bou·quet** /bəʊ'keɪ, bu:-/ n 1 [C] a bunch of flowers given, usually to a woman, on a special occasion, e.g. her birthday, or to say thank you for something: *At the end of the concert, the singer was presented with a bouquet of roses.* 2 [C] a bunch of flowers carried by a BRIDE $\rightarrow$ see Feature on page A28 3 [C;U] the smell of wine: *a rich bouquet*
**bou·quet gar·ni** /,bu:keɪ 'gɑ:ni||-ɡɑ:r'ni:/ n a small bunch of fresh or dried HERBS in a small cloth bag which is used in cooking and removed before the dish is served
**bour·bon** /'bɜ:bən||'bɜ:r-/ n [U] a type of American WHISKEY made from MAIZE malt and RYE named after Bourbon County in the state of Kentucky
**bour·bon bis·cuit** /'bʊəbən 'bɪskɪt||,bɜ:r-/ n (often cap.) BrE a chocolate BISCUIT consisting of two halves with chocolate cream in the middle
**bour·geois¹** /'bʊəʒwɑ:||bʊər'ʒwɑ:/ adj old-fash 1 belonging to or typical of the MIDDLE CLASS 2 derog too interested in material possessions and one's social position
**bourgeois²** n pl. bourgeois often derog a member of the MIDDLE CLASS especially one who is too interested in material possessions and social position
**bour·geoi·sie** /,bʊəʒwɑ:'zi:||,bʊər-/ n [the+sing./pl. v] old-fash the MIDDLE CLASS $\rightarrow$ compare PROLETARIAT
**bourn¹** /bɔ:n||bɔ:rn/ n old use (now used mainly in place names) a small stream
**bourn²** n old use or lit a limit; border: '...death/The undiscovered country from whose bourn/No traveller returns...' (Shakespeare, Hamlet)
**Bourne·mouth** /'bɔ:nməθ||'bɔ:rn-/ a town on the south coast of England which is a popular place for people to go on holiday. It is also known as a centre for language schools and political CONFERENCES, and as a popular place for people to go to live after they have stopped working.
**Bour·sin** /'bʊəsən||bʊər'sæn/ trademark a type of soft creamy French cheese made with GARLIC and HERBS
**bout** /baʊt/ n 1 [(of)] a short period of great activity: *one of his intermittent bouts of drinking* 2 [(of)] an attack of illness: *a bout of flu* 3 a BOXING match
**bou·tique** /bu:'ti:k/ n a small shop, or a department of a larger shop, selling up-to-date clothes and other fashionable personal articles, especially for young people or women
**bou·ton·ni·ere** /bu:'tɒni'eə||,bu:tn'ɪər/ n AmE for BUTTONHOLE
**Bou·tros-Gha·li, Boutros** /,bu:trɒs 'ɡɑ:li||-trəʊs-/ (1922–) an Egyptian politician who was the Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1992 to 1996. He was criticized because many people thought that the UN should have done something to stop the CIVIL WAR and GENOCIDE in Rwanda. Boutros-Ghali was the first UN Secretary-General who was not elected for a second time. From 1997 to 2002 he was the Secretary-General of La Francophone, an international organization of French-speaking countries.
**bo·vine** /'bəʊvaɪn/ adj of or like a cow or OX especially in being slow-thinking and slow-moving
**Bov·ril** /'bɒvrəl||'bɑ:v-/ trademark a type of thick dark-brown substance made from cow's meat, sold in the UK. It is used to make hot drinks or added to food when cooking.
**bov·ver** /'bɒvəʳ||'bɑ:v-/ n [U] BrE old-fash slang violence or threatening behaviour, especially by groups of young men: *a bovver boy | bovver boots*
**bow¹** /baʊ/ v 1 [(DOWN, before, to)] to bend the upper part of the body forward, as a way of showing respect, admitting defeat etc: *He bowed (down) to/before the Queen. | Muslims bow to Mecca when they pray.* 2 [T(DOWN)] to bend (one's head) forward: *He bowed his head in shame/stood with his head bowed in shame.* 3 bow and scrape usually derog to behave to someone with too much politeness and obedience
**bow down** phr v [I(to)] especially lit to admit defeat and agree to obey: *We shall never bow down to our enemies.*
**bow out** phr v [I(off)] to give up a position or stop taking part in something; WITHDRAW: *The chairman will be bowing out next year, and one of the younger directors will take over.*
**bow to** sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] 1 to accept or obey, especially unwillingly: *to bow to someone's judgment/greater experience | I'm not at all happy about it, but I suppose I'll have to bow to the inevitable.* 2 bow to no one to claim the highest place for yourself: *I bow to no one in my admiration for her work, but I have doubts about this latest idea of hers.*
**bow²** /baʊ/ n 1 an act of bending forward the head or the upper part of the body, especially to show respect: *He gave a deep bow.* $\rightarrow$ compare CURTSY 2 **take a bow** to come on stage to receive praise (APPLAUSE) at the end of a performance
**bow³** /bəʊ/ n 1 a weapon for shooting ARROWS consisting of a long thin piece of wood held in a curve by a tight string $\rightarrow$ see also CROSSBOW 2 a long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have strings 3 a knot formed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes etc: *She tied the ribbon in a tight/loose bow.* $\rightarrow$ see also BOW WINDOW, a second string to one's bow (STRING)
**bow⁴** /bəʊ/ v tech 1 [I] to bend or curve 2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to play (a piece of music) on a musical instrument with a BOW
**bow⁵** /baʊ/ also **bows** pl. — n the front part of a ship $\rightarrow$ see also **a shot across the bows** (SHOT¹) and compare STERN²
**Bow Bells** /,bəʊ 'belz/ the church bells of St Mary-le-Bow in London. It is said that a person born within the sound of (=in a place where you can hear) Bow Bells is a true Cockney $\rightarrow$ see also COCKNEY
**bowd·ler·ize** also **-ise** BrE /'baʊdləraɪz/ v [T] usually derog to remove (from a book, play etc) those parts considered rude or shocking: *a bowdlerized edition of Shakespeare* **--ization** /,baʊdlərai'zeiʃən||-rə-/ n
**bow·els** /'baʊəlz/ n [P] 1 also **bowel** — a system of pipes from the stomach which carries the waste matter out of the body; the SMALL INTESTINE and LARGE INTESTINE 2 [+of] the deepest inner part of something (especially in the phrase the bowels of the earth) **—bowel** adj [A] *a bowel disorder*
**bow·er** /'baʊəʳ/ n 1 a pleasant shaded place under trees 2 old use or lit a BOUDOIR
**Bo·wie, David** /'bəʊi/ (1947–) an English singer and songwriter who was extremely successful in the 1970s, when his music and unusual clothes influenced many other musicians. He is especially famous for performing as Ziggy Stardust, a character he invented when he released the record The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972). Bowie's other famous records include Heroes and Let's Dance. $\rightarrow$ see colour photo on page A30
**Bo·wie, James** /'bu:i||'baʊi/ (1790-1836) a US adventurer born in Kentucky who invented the Bowie knife (a large