Freud, Sigmund
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Freud, Sig·mund /frɔɪd, 'sɪgmənd/ (1856-1939) an Austrian doctor who developed a new system for understanding the way that people's minds work, and a new way of treating mental illness called PSYCHOANALYSIS. He discovered the UNCONSCIOUS (=the part of your mind where there are thoughts and feelings that you do not realize you have). He believed that bad experiences that people have as children can affect their mental health as adults, and that by talking to a mentally ill person about their past life and feelings, the hidden causes of their illness can be found. He wrote *The Interpretation of Dreams* and *The Ego and the Id*. His ideas, especially about the importance of sex, have had a very great influence on the way that people think in the 20th century.
**Freud·i·an** /'frɔɪdiən/ *adj* **1** connected with or according to Sigmund Freud's ideas about the way the mind works, and the way it can be studied **2** a Freudian remark or action is connected with the ideas about sex that people have in their minds but do not usually talk about
**Freudian 'slip** *n* [C] something you say that is different from what you intended to say, and shows your true thoughts
**Fri.** *written abbrev. for* Friday
**fri·a·ble** /'fraɪəbəl/ *adj* *tech* easily broken into small bits or into powder: *friable soil* —**bility** /ˌfraɪə'bɪlti/ *n* [U]
**fri·ar** /'fraɪər/ *n* a man belonging to a Christian religious group who, especially in former times, were very poor and travelled around the country teaching the Christian religion → compare **MONK**
**Friar 'Tuck** a fat and cheerful MONK (=a member of an all-male religious group), who enjoys eating and drinking, and appears in old English stories about ROBIN HOOD as one of his followers
**fri·ar·y** /'fraɪəri/ *n* a building in which friars lived, when their rules of living were changed to allow them to stay in one place
**fric·as·see** /'frɪkəseɪl,ˌfrɪkə'siː/ *n* [C;U] a dish made of pieces of meat, served in a thick white SAUCE: *chicken fricassee*
**fric·a·tive** /'frɪkətɪv/ *adj, n* *tech* (a consonant sound such as /f/ or /z/) made by forcing air out through a narrow opening between the tongue or lip and another part of the mouth
**fric·tion** /'frɪkʃən/ *n* [U] **1** the force which tries to stop one surface sliding over another: *He pushed the box very hard down the slope, but friction gradually caused it to slow down and stop.* **2** the rubbing, often repeated, of one surface against another: *Friction against the rock, combined with the weight of the climber, caused his rope to break.* **3** unfriendliness and disagreement caused by two opposing wills or different sets of opinion, ideas, or natures: *Mary's neat and Jane's untidy, so if they have to share a room there'll probably be friction.*
**'friction tape** *AmE* || **insulating tape** *BrE* — *n* [U] sticky narrow material made from cloth or plastic that keeps water out and is used to wrap electrical wires
**Fri·day** /'fraɪdi/ *written abbrev.* **Fri.** *n* [C, U] **1** the day between Thursday and Saturday. In Britain, Friday is considered the fifth day of the week, and in the US it is considered the sixth day of the week: *Mom said she mailed the letter last Friday.* | on **Friday** *The committee meeting is on Friday.* | on a **Friday** *My birthday is on a Friday this year.* | **Friday morning/evening etc** *Can you meet me Friday morning?* | on **Fridays** (=each Friday) | the **Friday** *BrE* (=the Friday of the week being mentioned) *She flew in on the Friday and left on the following Wednesday.* **2** **Friday the 13th** the 13th day of a month, when it falls on a Friday, considered by some people to be an unlucky day **3** **Thank God it's Friday!** also **TGIF** an expression people sometimes say on a Friday to emphasize that they are very glad that it is the last working day of the week
**fridge** /frɪdʒ/ also **refrigerator** *BrE* *fmt* or *AmE, icebox old-fash AmE* — *n* a large box or cupboard, used especially in the home and operated by electricity, in which food and drink can be stored at a low temperature, but without being frozen → compare **FREEZER**; see picture at KITCHEN
**fridge-'freezer** *BrE* || also **refrigerator-freezer** *AmE* — *n* a large box or cupboard divided into two parts, one of which is a fridge and the other a FREEZER
Friedan, Betty
Fri·e·dan, Bet·ty /'fri:dən, 'beti/ (1921-) a US writer and FEMINIST (=someone who supports the idea that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men) who argued against the idea that women could only be happy and satisfied if they were wives and mothers. She is especially known for her book *The Feminine Mystique* (1963), which many people believe started the modern WOMEN'S MOVEMENT.
Fried·kin, William /'fri:dkɪn/ (1939-) a US film director best known for the horror film *The Exorcist* (1973) and the crime film *The French Connection* (1971)
Milton Friedman
Fried·man, Milton /'fri:dmən/ (1912-) a US ECONOMIST who helped to develop the idea of MONETARISM, the belief that the best way for a government to manage a country's economic system is to limit the amount of money that is available to be used. He won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1976, and his ideas influenced the economic policies of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan.
Friel, Bri·an /frɪəl, 'braɪən/ (1929-) an Irish writer of SHORT STORIES and plays that are mostly about Irish people and the political situation in Ireland. His plays include *Faith Healer* and *Dancing at Lughnasa*.
**friend** /frend/ *n* **1** a person who shares the same feelings of natural liking and understanding, the same interests etc, but is not a member of the same family: *Bill and Ben are friends.* | 'Bill is my friend,' said Ben. | Bill is *friends with* (=has a friendship with) Ben. | *The children are good friends.* (=like each other very much) | Although Peter is a *close friend*, David is my *best (=closest) friend.* | *Mary is a friend of mine.* (=one of my friends) | *She's an old friend (of mine) --we've known each other for sixteen years.* | 'There's your friend John.' '**He's no friend of mine**; I don't *like* him at all.' | I wish you children *wouldn't* quarrel all the time. Can't you *be* friends? → see also BOYFRIEND, GIRLFRIEND **2** [(of, to)] a helper; supporter; adviser; person showing kindness and understanding: *That rich lady is a friend of the arts; she provides money for concerts in the town.* | *Our doctor's been a good friend to us; he's always helped us when we've needed him.* | He says he's no friend of the government. | He didn't get the post on his own abilities; he had *friends* in high places. (=people in a position to influence others to help him) | (fig.) Bright light is the painter's *best friend.* **3** someone who is not an enemy; a person from whom there is nothing to fear 'Who goes there? Friend or foe?' was the question asked by the soldier on guard duty in former times. | They told the escaped prisoner: 'Don't worry, you're among friends – we won't tell the police about you.' **4** a person who is being addressed or spoken of politely in public: *Friends, we have met here tonight to talk over a very serious matter.* | *In court, lawyers speak of each other as 'My learned friend'.* **5** a stranger, noticed for some reason, usually with amusement or displeasure: *Our friend with the loud voice is here again!* **6** a friend in need a true friend, who comes to help you when you are in trouble **7** Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears quote a phrase from Shakespeare's play *Julius Caesar* said by Mark Antony in a speech to the crowd at Caesar's funeral **8** **How to win friends and influence people** the title of a book by Dale Carnegie, which tries to help people to be successful in business **9** just good friends phrase used to say that a new relationship with someone is