63
as
burglars took no articles of value. 2 a separate piece of
writing on a particular subject in a newspaper, magazine etc,
that is not FICTION: an article on the new football manager/on
the Chinese way of life 3 a complete separate part in a legal
agreement, CONSTITUTION etc 4 tech a word used with a noun
to show whether the noun refers to a particular example of
something (the definite article - the in English) or to a
general or not already mentioned example of something
(the indefinite article - a or an in English)
article² v ['T(to, with)] to place under ARTICLES: I am articled to a
firm of solicitors.
articled clerk n a person training to be a lawyer in England
and Wales who has taken some of his or her examinations
and works for two years for a trained lawyer to learn how
the law works in practice. Articled clerks are now usually called
trainee solicitors.
articles /'ɑ:tɪklz||'ɑ:r-/ n [P] a written agreement in law
between an employer and someone learning a profession or
job
Articles of Confede'ration, the an agreement made in
1781 by the 13 original colonies (COLONY) of the US which
established a government for the US, and which was used as
the basic law of the country until the CONSTITUTION OF THE
UNITED STATES was written and agreed in 1789
articulate¹ /ɑ:'tɪkjʊlət||'ɑ:r-/ adj 1 expressing or able to
express thoughts and feelings clearly and effectively: a very
articulate child 2 (of speech) having clear separate sounds
or words -> opposite INARTICULATE; compare INTELLIGI-
BLE 3 tech having joints: Insects are articulate animals. —-ly
adv —-ness n [U]
articulate² /ɑ:'tɪkjʊleɪt||'ɑ:r-/ v 1 [T] to express thoughts
and feelings clearly: He finds it very difficult to articulate his
distress. 2 [I,T] to speak or pronounce, especially clearly and
carefully 3 [T] to unite by joints that allow movement: The
bones of our fingers are articulated. | An articulated
vehicle/lorry/bus can turn corners more easily.
articulation /ɑ:,tɪkjʊ'leɪʃn||'ɑ:r-/ n 1 [U] the produc-
tion of speech sounds: clear articulation 2 [U] the expres-
sion of thoughts and feelings in words 3 [C] tech a joint,
especially in a plant
artifact, arte- /'ɑ:tɪfækt||'ɑ:r-/ n an object made by
human work, especially a tool, weapon, or decorative object
that has special historical interest: an exhibition of ancient
Egyptian artifacts
artifice /'ɑ:tɪfɪs||'ɑ:r-/ n fmt 1 [C] a clever trick: The use of
mirrors in a room is an artifice to make the room look
larger. 2 [U] clever skill; CUNNING
artificer /ɑ:'tɪfɪsə/ n 1 lit a skilled workman 2 a naval or
military MECHANIC
artificial /ˌɑ:tɪ'fɪʃəl || ˌɑ:r-/ adj 1 made by humans, espe-
cially as a copy of something natural: This drink contains no
artificial flavouring or colouring. | artificial flowers | artificial
silk 2 lacking true feelings; insincere: She welcomed me with
an artificial smile. 3 happening as a result of human action,
not through a natural process: High import taxes give their
homemade goods an artificial advantage in the market. —-ly
adv: Government subsidies have kept the price of food artifi-
cially low. —-ity /ˌɑ:tfɪ'ʃæləti||ˌɑ:r-/ n [U]
artificial insemination n [U] the process of putting a
male seed into a female animal or human, with an instru-
ment rather than naturally. Women who find it difficult to
become PREGNANT can be treated by using artificial insemi-
nation. -> see also AID
artificial intelligence also AI n [U] a branch of computer
science which aims to produce machines that can under-
stand, make judgments etc, in the way that humans do
artificial respi'ration also mouth-to-mouth resusci-
tation, kiss of life n [U] the forcing of air into and out of
the lungs of a person who has stopped breathing by blowing
into the mouth -> compare CPR
artillery /ɑ:'tɪlərɪ||'ɑ:r-/ n 1 [U] large guns, especially on
wheels or fixed in one place, e.g. on a ship or in a
fort 2 [the+S+sing./pl. v] the part of the army that uses these
weapons
artisan /ˌɑ:tɪ'zæn||ˌɑ:rtɪ'zæn/ n someone who does skilled
work with their hands; CRAFTSMAN
artist /'ɑ:tɪst||'ɑ:r-/ n 1 a
person who produces works
of art, especially paintings or
drawings 2 an inventive
and skilled worker: He's no
ordinary baker - he's an art-
ist. 3 an ARTISTE 4 (in comb.)
infml someone who is skilled
in a particular activity, espe-
cially a bad one: a rip-off
artist
artiste /ɑ:'ti:st||ɑ:r-/ n a
professional singer, actor,
dancer etc who performs in
a show
artistic /ɑ:'tɪstɪk||ɑ:r-/ adj 1 [no comp.] of, concerning, or
typical of art or artists: the artistic temperament 2 apprec
having or showing inventive skill and imagination in art:
He's very artistic. | an artistic flower arrangement —-ally
/kli/ adv: My daughter is artistically inclined.
artistry /'ɑ:tɪstrɪ||'ɑ:r-/ n [U] apprec inventive imagination
and ability; artistic skill: the artistry of the violinist
artless /'ɑ:tləs||'ɑ:r-/ adj simple and natural, without any
deceit or insincerity: artless grace | an artless village girl
—-ly adv —-ness n [U]
art nouveau /ˌɑ: nu:'vəʊ, ˌɑ:t-||ˌɑ:r-, ˌɑ:rt-/ n [U] a style of
art and decoration common at the end of the 19th century in
Europe and America, using flowing lines and plant forms. In
Britain, art nouveau is connected especially with the work of
Aubrey BEARDSLEY, Charles Rennie MACKINTOSH, and William
MORRIS.
arts /ɑ:ts||ɑ:rts/ n [the+P] 1 also humanities || arts and letters
AmE — those subjects of study that are not considered to be
part of science, such as history and languages, especially as
taught at a university: an arts graduate -> see also BA, MA,
LIBERAL ARTS 2 art, especially the FINE ARTS: Should the
government provide money to support the arts? | Timothy
Renton, the Arts Minister
arts and crafts n [P] the arts that are concerned with
making ordinary things by hand, such as POTTERY, weaving,
furniture-making etc
Arts Council, the an organization in Britain which is
supported by the government and provides financial help
for many different organizations involved in the theatre, art,
music, the cinema etc
art theater n AmE a cinema which shows mainly foreign
films or films which were made by independent producers
rather than big companies
arty /'ɑ:ti||'ɑ:r-/ BrE || usually art-sy /'ɑ:tsi||'ɑ:r-/ AmE adj often
derog trying to appear artistic: arty lighting/photography
—-iness n [U]
arty-crafty /ˌɑ:ti 'krɑ:fti || ˌɑ:rti 'k ræfti / BrE || art-sy-
craft-sy /ˌɑ:tsi 'krɑ:ftsɪ || ˌɑ:rtsi 'kræftsɪ / AmE— adj usually
derog arty in a simple or country style: They're a very
arty-crafty couple - she makes clothes and he's a potter.
arty-'farty BrE || usually art-sy-fart-sy /ˌɑ:tsi 'fɑ:tsi || ˌɑ:rtsi
'fɑ:r-/ AmE— adj infml derog arty
A-ry-an /'eəriən/ n someone who comes from Northern
Europe, especially someone with fair hair and blue eyes.
Aryans were considered by the German NAZIS to be the best
race of people. —Aryan adj
as¹ /əz; strong æz/ adv, prep 1 (used in comparisons and
examples) equally; like: He's not as old as me. | He's as strong
as an ox. | She's clever, but her brother is just as clever. | I only
like small animals such as cats and dogs. | The disease
attacks such animals as cats and dogs. 2 in the condition
of; when considered as being: I like her as a person, but I
don't think much of her as a writer. | He works as a farmer. |
This is regarded as (=thought to be) his best film. | She was
dressed as a man. | Speaking as a teacher, I am in favour of
these reforms. | His talents as a film actor were soon
recognized. | Several businesses went bankrupt as a result of
the oil crisis. -> see LIKE² (USAGE)
as² conj 1 (used in comparisons): She doesn't run as fast as she
used to. | He works in the same office as my sister. | I was as
surprised as anyone when they offered me the job. (=no one was
more surprised than me) | Two is to four as four is to