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campaign. | *an advertising campaign* | *The government has launched a campaign against smoking.* | *He is a campaign coordinator for a well-known charity.*
**campaign²** *v* [I [for, against]] to lead, take part in, or go on a campaign: *Joan is campaigning for women's right to equal pay.* **—er** *n*
**Cam,paign for ,Nuclear Dis'armament, the** the full name of CND
**Cam·pa·nel·la, Roy** /,kæmpə'nelə, rɔɪ/ (1921-93) a US BASEBALL player who was famous for his skill as a CATCHER, and was also one of the first black players in the MAJOR LEAGUES
**cam·pa·ni·le** /,kæmpə'niːli/ *n* a high bell tower which stands separately from any other building
**cam·pa·nol·o·gy** /,kæmpə'nɒlədʒi||-'nɑː-/ *n* [U] the art of ringing bells **—gist** *n*
**cam·pa·ri** /kæm'pɑːri/ trademark a BITTER red alcoholic drink that is often drunk before a meal. It is usually mixed with SODA.
**camp 'bed** *BrE ||* usually **cot** *AmE* — *n* a light narrow bed which folds flat and is easily carried ➔ see picture at BED
**Camp·bell, Al·as·tair** /'kæmbəl, 'æləstə/ (1957–) a British reporter who became the Labour Party's CHIEF PRESS SECRETARY (=person who gives important news about an organization to the press) when they were elected in 1997. He is thought of as a typical SPIN DOCTOR (=someone who tries to influence news reporting so that it is favourable to his party) and many people thought that he had too much influence on the Prime Minister and was too powerful. He RESIGNED from his job in 2003.
**Camp·bell, Na·o·mi** /'neɪəmi||'neɪ'oʊmi/ (1970–) a very famous British model who was the first black woman to appear on the cover of the fashion magazine *Vogue*. She also does work for CHARITY and for UNESCO.
**Campbell 'Soup ,Company, the** trademark a US food company that is one of the world's largest producers of cans of soup: *Campbell's tomato soup*
**Camp 'David** the country home of US Presidents, where the President goes to relax. The Camp David Agreement, which established peace between Egypt and Israel, was signed there in 1979.
**Camp 'Delta** a US prison on Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. In 2002, all the prisoners from Camp X-Ray were moved to Camp Delta ➔ see GUANTANAMO BAY
**camp·er** /'kæmpə/ *n* **1** a person who camps **2** a contained room fitted onto a PICK-UP big enough to live in when on holiday, having cooking equipment and beds in it ➔ compare CARAVAN **3 not a happy camper** *spoken* used about someone who is not happy about a situation: *Gary is not a happy camper — he finished third.* | *Jack had just picked up the two cards I need to win, and I was not a happy camper.*
**camp·fire** /'kæmpfaɪə/ *n* a wood fire made in the open air by campers
**Camp Fire** an organization in the US for girls and boys, which teaches them practical skills and helps them develop their character
**camp ,follower** *n* **1** *often derog* a follower or supporter (e.g. of a political plan, party, or leader) who is not actually a member of the main group **2** (especially formerly) a person (especially a PROSTITUTE) who is not a soldier but who follows the army from place to place to provide services
**camp·ground** /'kæmpɡraʊnd/ *n especially AmE* an area in which people may camp
**cam·phor** /'kæmfə/ *n* [U] a strong-smelling white substance with various medical and industrial uses, which is also used to keep insects away
**camping gas** *n BrE* gas, usually in a small CYLINDRICAL container, used to produce light and heat for cooking when camping
**Cam·pi·on, Jane** /'kæmpiən/ (1954–) a New Zealand film DIRECTOR whose films include *The Piano* and *The Portrait of a Lady*
**camp ,robber** *n* an American bird which seems unafraid of people and often flies away with food and other things that attract it
**camp·site** /'kæmpsaɪt/ *n* **1** *especially BrE* a place, such as a field, used for camping in **2** *AmE* a place, often within a campground, for one group, family, or person to camp in
**camp·stool** /'kæmpstuːl/ *n AmE* a small folding seat with no back
**cam·pus** /'kæmpəs/ *n* [C;U] the grounds and buildings of a university or college: *The new library was built in the centre of the campus.* | *a campus university* (=one in which all the buildings are in the same area, often outside a town) | *Do you live on campus or in the town?*
**Camp X-'ray** a US prison on Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. In 2002, all the prisoners there were moved to Camp Delta ➔ see GUANTANAMO BAY
**CAMRA** /'kæmrə/ *abbrev.* for Campaign for Real Ale; a British organization that encourages people to drink beer that has been made using traditional methods. It also supports PUBS that sell this type of beer.
**cam·shaft** /'kæmʃɑːft||-ʃæft/ *n* a rod to which a CAM is fastened
**Ca·mus, Al·bert** /kæ'mjuː, 'ælbəə||æl'beər/ (1913–60) a French EXISTENTIALIST writer and PHILOSOPHER who believed that life has no meaning, but that people can still be happy. He is best known for his novels *L’Étranger* (1942) and *La Peste* (1948).
**can¹** /kæn; *strong* kæn/ *v [modal+te-v] 3rd person sing. can, negative short form* **can't 1** to be able to: *He's so tall he can touch the ceiling.* | *This machine can perform two million calculations per second.* | *I can't remember where I put it.* | *They have everything that money can buy.* | *Can you lift this box?* | *The police still haven't found her, but they're doing all they can.* **2** (used to show what is possible or likely): *I'm sure we can settle this problem.* | *I am confident that a solution can be found.* | *There can be no doubt that he is guilty.* | *The word 'bank' can be used in several different ways/can have several different meanings.* | *Can he still be alive after all this time?* **3** to know how to: *She can speak French.* **4** to be allowed to or have permission to; may: *You can't play football here.* | *'Can we go home now, please?' 'No, you can't.'* | *You can't pick the ball up in football.* (=it is against the rules) **5** [usually in questions or negatives] to allow oneself to: *She's left her husband, but can you blame her after the way he treated her?* | *It's a very kind offer, but I really can't accept it.* **6** to have to; must: *If you won't keep quiet you can get out!* **7** (used when asking someone to do something, give something etc): *Can you help me to lift it, please?* | *Can I have one of your cigarettes?* ➔ compare COULD **8** (used especially in expressions of surprise) may perhaps: *What can it possibly be?* | *You can't be serious!* | *Whatever can they want?* **9** (used to show what sometimes happens): *It can get quite cold here at night.* | *He can be quite annoying sometimes.* **10** (used with verbs expressing actions of the five senses and of the mind): *I can see/hear you easily from here.* | *I can't understand him when he speaks so fast.* | *You can imagine how annoyed she was!* ➔ see also CANNOT, CAN'T, COULD
**USAGE** **1** In conversation and informal writing, **can** is more common than **may** to talk about permission: *You can go now.* it is also used to express permission for the future: *You can borrow my car tomorrow.* Some people say that **may** is more correct, but it tends to be used only in more formal situations. When talking about permission in the past, people often use **was/were allowed to** or change the sentence and use **let**: *He was allowed to leave at ten.* / *I let him leave at ten.* When you are asking permission, **could** (also might, especially in American English) is often used instead of **can** because it seems less direct and more polite: **Could** I borrow your car? In everyday English, people often say **Do/Would you mind if ...** or **Is it all right if ...** when asking permission: **Do you mind if** I smoke? **2 Can** is also used to say that you have the ability to do something: *I can swim now.* To talk about something you will have the ability to do in the future, use **will be able**: *I'll be able to play the Beethoven violin concerto if I practise more.* For ways to talk about an ability you had in the past, see COULD (USAGE). **3** When you are talking about something that is not certain, we do not usually use **can**. Instead, we use **may,** or when the situation is even more uncertain, **might** or **could**: *The road may/might/could be blocked.*