jujitsu
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ju-jit-su, jiu-jitsu /'dʒu:'dʒɪtsu:/ n [U] a type of fighting and
self-defence from the Far East in which one holds, throws,
and hits one's opponent
ju-ju /'dʒu:dʒu:/ n [C;U] (the power of) a magic charm in
West Africa
ju-jube /'dʒu:dʒu:b/ n a small jelly-like sweet, often with
throat medicine added
juke-box /'dʒu:k'bɒks||-bɑ:ks/ n a music machine, found in
places of entertainment, PUBS etc, which plays records when
a coin is put into it
ju-lep /'dʒu:ləp/ also mint julep n an American drink in
which alcohol and sugar are mixed and poured over ice, and
MINT is added
CULTURAL NOTE Americans connect this drink with
summertime and the South, where it is popular. It is a
custom to drink it while watching the Kentucky Derby, a
famous horse race.
Ju-li-an cal-en-dar, the /'dʒu:liən 'kæləndər/ the calen-
dar introduced by JULIUS CAESAR in Rome in 46 BC, that
fixed the normal year at 365 days. The GREGORIAN CALEN-
DAR, the usual calendar used in western countries in modern
times, is based on the Julian calendar.
Ju-li-et /'dʒu:liət/ the main female character in the play
ROMEO AND JULIET by William SHAKESPEARE -> see also
CAPULETS AND MONTAGUES
Ju-li-us Cae-sar /'dʒu:liəs 'si:zər/ a play by William
SHAKESPEARE about the murder of the Roman leader Julius
CAESAR, and about his friend BRUTUS, who thinks Caesar is
taking too much power and so joins his murderers. After
Julius Caesar's death his friend Mark ANTONY makes a famous
speech to the crowd beginning with the words 'Friends,
Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears'.
Ju-ly /dʒu'laɪ/ written abbrev. Jul. n [C, U] the seventh month of
the year, between June and August: in July a society founded
in July 1890 | last/next July Anne's starting college next
July. | on July 6th etc My birthday is on July 6th. | on (the)
6th July BrE "When's the concert?" "On 6th July." | July 6 AmE
The competition ends July 6.
CULTURAL NOTE In the UK and the US, when people think
of July, they think of warm weather and the start of
summer holidays. In the US Independence day is on the
Fourth of July.
jum-ble¹ /'dʒʌmbəl/ v [T(UP, TOGETHER) often pass.] to mix in
disorder: Various books and papers were jumbled up/jumbled
together on her desk.
jumble² n 1 [S(of)] a disorderly mixture (of things or ideas): a
jumble of confused ideas 2 [U] BrE unwanted things suitable
for a jumble sale
'jumble sale BrE || rummage sale AmE — n a sale of used
articles as a way of collecting money for a good purpose, e.g.
to help a hospital or a school: We're holding a jumble sale to
raise money for the famine victims.
jumbo also 'jumbo-sized adj [A] infml larger than others of
the same kind: a jumbo-sized plate of ice cream
Jum-bo /'dʒʌmbəʊ/ a name for an ELEPHANT, used especially
by children and in children's stories and songs
'jumbo jet also jumbo infml, 747 n a very large passenger
aircraft built by the Boeing Corporation
jump¹ /dʒʌmp/ v 1 [I] to push oneself into the air or away
from a surface by the force of one's legs; spring: The children
jumped up and down. | I jumped over the wall/out of the
window/into the river. | She jumped to her feet and ran out of
the room. | We managed to jump clear of the car before it hit
the wall. 2 [T] to cross or go over by jumping: He jumped the
stream. | The horse jumped the fence. 3 [I] to make a quick
sudden movement as a result of strong feeling: His heart
jumped when he heard the news. | I nearly jumped out of my
skin when I saw the snake under my bed. 4 [I+adv/prep] to
move suddenly from one point to another, often missing out
what comes in between: Her lecture was hard to follow
because she kept jumping from one subject to another. | I
jumped (ahead) to the last section of the report to see what the
committee had recommended. 5 [I] (especially of money or
quantity) to rise suddenly and by a large amount: The price
of oil jumped sharply in 1973. | Their profits jumped from £3.5
million to £22 million in a single year. 6 [T] infml to leave, pass,
or escape from (something) illegally or without permission:
One of the sailors jumped ship at Gibraltar. | to jump the
(traffic) lights | to jump bail 7 [T] infml, especially AmE to travel
on (a train) without paying: He jumped a freight (train) in
Texas. 8 [T] infml to attack suddenly: A gang of youths
jumped me in the park. 9 [T] JUMP-START 10 jump a claim
especially AmE to try to claim valuable land which someone else
already owns 11 jump down someone's throat infml to
attack someone in words, strongly and unexpectedly, espe-
cially before they have finished talking 12 jump rope AmE for
SKIP 13 jump the gun infml to take action too soon or before
the proper time: I know he's a suspect, but isn't it jumping the
gun a bit to arrest him immediately? 14 jump the queue BrE ||
cut in line AmE to obtain an unfair advantage over others
who have been waiting longer 15 jump to it infml to hurry:
You'll have to jump to it if you want to catch the train.
jump at sthg. phr v [T] to accept eagerly: She jumped at the
chance to go abroad.
jump on sbdy. phr v [T] infml to speak to sharply, showing
disapproval, especially unfairly: She jumps on me every time I
make the slightest mistake.
jump² n 1 an act of jumping: a good jump 2 a thing to be
jumped over: The horse cleared all the jumps. 3 be/stay one
jump ahead infml to do the right thing because one knows or
guesses what one's competitors are going to do -> see also
HIGH JUMP, LONG JUMP, RUNNING JUMP
'jump ball n (in BASKETBALL) an action at the beginning of a
game and at some times during it in which the ball is thrown
into the air by the REFEREE (=judge) and one player from
each team jumps to gain control of it
'jumped-up adj [A] infml derog, especially BrE having too great an
idea of one's own importance, especially because of having
just risen to a higher position or higher social class
jump-er /'dʒʌmpər/ n 1 a person or animal that
jumps 2 BrE || sweater AmE a woollen garment for the top
half of the body 3 AmE || pinafore dress a dress without
SLEEVES, usually worn over a BLOUSE
'jumper, cables n [P] AmE for JUMP-LEADS
jumping-'off place also jumping-'off point n a point to
start from, especially at the beginning of a journey or plan
'jump-jet n especially BrE a JET aircraft which can take off and
land straight from or onto the ground, without needing a
long RUNWAY -> see also HARRIER JUMP JET
jump-leads /'dʒʌmp li:dz/ [usually plural] BrE || jumper
cables AmE — n thick wires used to connect the batteries
(BATTERY) of two cars in order to jump-start one of them
'jump rope n [C] AmE a long piece of rope that children use for
jumping over; SKIPPING ROPE BrE
'jump shot n (in BASKETBALL) a throw of the ball towards the
basket released by the player while jumping in the air
jump-'start v [T] to start (a car) using the power of the
BATTERY from another car
jump-suit /'dʒʌmpsʊt, -sjʊt||-su:t/ n a one-piece garment
combining top and trousers
jump-y /'dʒʌmpi/ adj nervously excited, especially because of
guilt or because one is expecting something bad to happen
—ily adv —iness n [U].
junc-tion /'dʒʌŋkʃən/ n a place where things join or come
together: a busy railway junction where lines from all over the
country meet | at the junction of Vine Street and Gordon Road
junc-ture /'dʒʌŋktʃər/ n fml a particular point in time or in a
course of events: At this critical juncture in the negotiations
we must be careful not to upset the other side.
June /dʒu:n/ written abbrev. Jun. n [C, U] the sixth month of
the year, between May and July: in June My birthday is in
June. | last/next June I finished school last June. | on June
6th They arrive on June 6th. | on (the) 6th June BrE We were
married on 6th June. | June 6 AmE We leave June 6.
CULTURAL NOTE In the UK and the northern US, when
people think of June, they think of the beginning of
summer and good weather. In the UK, it is the time when
students at school and university sit important exams.
British people also think of events such as Wimbledon
and Royal Ascot.