475
exit
done at that period. 2 to give an example of: In this diction-
ary we often exemplify the use of a word. —fication
/ɪgˌzemplɪˈfˈkeɪʃən/ n [C;U]
ex·empt¹ /ɪgˈzempt/ adj [F(from)] freed (from a duty, service,
payment etc): He is exempt from military service. | tax-exempt
investments
exempt² v [T(from)] to make (someone or something) exempt:
He was exempted from military service because of bad health.
—ion /ɪgˈzemptʃən/ n [C;U(from)] exemption from military
service
ex·er·cise¹ /ˈeksəsaɪz||ˈɜː-/ n 1 [C;U] (a) use of any part of
the body or mind so as to strengthen and improve it: If you
don't take/get more exercise you'll get fat. | She does exercises
to strengthen her voice. 2 [C] a question or set of questions
to be answered by a student for practice: Look at Exercise 17
in your book. 3 [C] a set of actions carried out by soldiers,
naval ships etc, in time of peace to practise fighting: The
soldiers are here for a NATO exercise. 4 [S(in)] any set of
actions, especially when intended to have a particular effect:
Getting this report done in such a short time was quite a
difficult exercise. | After the President's embarrassing remark,
his staff had to stage an exercise in damage limitation. (=try
to limit the damage he had done) 5 [S;U(of)] fml the use of a
(stated) power or right: Expelling him from the club was a
legitimate exercise of the committee's authority.
exercise² v 1 [I;T] to (cause to) take exercise: You're getting
fat; you should exercise more. | She was exercising her horse in
the park. 2 [T] fml to use (a power, right, or quality): The
judge thought it appropriate to exercise leniency in passing
sentence. | to exercise caution/restraint 3 [T(by, about) usually
pass.] fml to trouble (a person or their mind): I've been greatly
exercised about what we ought to do.
exercise bike n a machine like a bicycle which does not
move along, which people can use indoors to get exercise
and be healthy
ex·ert /ɪgˈzɜːt||ˈɜːrt/ v [T] 1 to use (strength, skill etc) to gain
a desired result; APPLY: She couldn't open the door, even by
exerting all her strength. | The company has been exerting
pressure on me to get another qualification. | to exert one's
influence 2 exert oneself to make a great effort: She can run
100 metres in 13 seconds without unduly exerting herself. | He
never exerts himself to help anyone.
ex·er·tion /ɪgˈzɜːʃən||ˈɜːr-/ n [C;U] (a case of) exerting one-
self; (an) effort: I was really tired after all my exertions.
ex·e·unt /ˈeksiːənt/ v pl. of EXIT
ex·fo·li·ate /eksˈfəʊlieɪt/ v [I,T] to remove dead cells from
your skin in order to make it smoother —tion
/ˌeksˌfəliˈeɪən/ n [U]
ex gra·tia /ˌeks ˈgreɪʃə/ adj Lat (of a payment) made as a
favour, not because one has a legal duty to do it: The
company refused to accept responsibility for the accident, but
gave me £10,000 as an ex gratia payment.
ex·hale /eksˈheɪl/ v [I;T] to breathe out (air, gas etc): Breathe
in deeply and then exhale slowly. | He lit his pipe and exhaled
clouds of smoke. → opposite INHALE. —halation
/ˌekshəˈleɪʃən/ n [U]
ex·haust¹ /ɪgˈzɔːst/ v [T] 1 to tire out: What an exhausting
day! | I'm completely exhausted. 2 to use up completely: We
had exhausted our supply of oxygen. | My patience is
exhausted. | (fig.) We've exhausted this subject (=finished this
conversation); let's go on to the next. —ion /ɪgˈzɔːstʃən/ n
[U] She ran and ran until she dropped from exhaustion. | The
mine was closed owing to exhaustion. (=there was no more
coal left)
exhaust² n 1 [C] also ex·haust pipe, tail pipe AmE — the pipe
which allows unwanted gas, steam etc to escape from an
engine or machine 2 [U] the gas or steam which escapes
through this pipe
ex·haus·tive /ɪgˈzɔːstɪv/ adj thorough; including all cases
or possibilities: After an exhaustive search the missing docu-
ment was found. | exhaustive inquiries —ly adv —ness n
[U]
ex·hib·it¹ /ɪgˈzɪbɪt/ v 1 [I;T] to show (something) in public:
The new cars were proudly exhibited in the showroom
window. | She has exhibited (her paintings) in Paris. 2 [T] fml
to give a sign of (a feeling, quality etc); show: The negotiat-
ing team exhibited no emotion when they heard the offer.
exhibit² n 1 something or a set of things exhibited, especially
in a MUSEUM: Many of the exhibits were flown here from
Canada. 2 something brought into a law court to prove the
truth: Exhibit A was the murder weapon. 3 AmE for EXHIBITION
ex·hi·bi·tion /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃən/ n 1 [(of)] a public show of
objects: an international trade exhibition | to put on/stage/
mount an exhibition of French paintings | The newly discov-
ered Greek sculpture is now on exhibition at the national
museum. | exhibition halls 2 [(of)] an act of exhibiting: a
disgraceful exhibition of bad temper 3 a piece of foolish
behaviour: Get up off the floor and stop making such an
exhibition of yourself. (=behaving so foolishly)
ex·hi·bi·tion·ism /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃənɪzəm/ n [U] often derog behav-
iour intended to attract attention to oneself and often to
shock people. Forms of exhibitionism include taking your
clothes off in public or dressing in a way that most people
find very odd. —ist n —istic /ˌeksɪbɪˈʃɒnɪstɪk/ adj
ex·hib·i·tor /ɪgˈzɪbɪtər/ n a person, firm etc that exhibits
something: All exhibitors must remove their displays before
eight o'clock.
ex·hil·a·rate /ɪgˈzɪləreɪt/ v [T] to make (someone) cheerful
and excited: I was exhilarated by my ride in the sports car. |
This sea air is most exhilarating. —rately adv —ration
/ˌɪgˌzɪləˈreɪʃən/ n [U]
ex·hort /ɪgˈzɔːt||ˈɔːrt/ v [T] fml to urge or advise strongly:
[+obj+to-v] The general exhorted his men to fight bravely.
—ation /ˌeksɔːˈteɪʃən||ˈɔːr-/ n [C;U] In spite of all my
exhortations, they went ahead with the plan.
ex·hume /ɪgˈzjuːm, eksˈhjuːm||ɪgˈzuːm, ɪkˈsjuːm/ v [T] fml
to take (a dead body) out of the grave —humation
/ˌeksjuːˈmeɪʃən/ n [C;U] The coroner issued an exhumation
order.
ex·i·gen·cy /ˈeksɪdʒənsi, ɪgˈzi-/ also ex·i·gence
/ˈeksɪdʒəns, ˈegz-/ n [often pl.] fml an urgent need; a difficult
situation in which one must act without delay: The exigenci-
es of the situation demanded that we take immediate action.
ex·i·gent /ˈeksɪdʒənt/ adj fml 1 needing quick action or
help; urgent 2 demanding or expecting more than is rea-
sonable from others
ex·ig·u·ous /ɪgˈzɪgjʊəs/ adj fml too small in amount; not
enough —ly adv —ness n [U]
ex·ile¹ /ˈeksaɪl, ˈegzal/ n 1 [S;U] forced or unwanted
absence from one's country, often for political reasons:
Napoleon was sent into exile. | He had a long exile on St
Helena. | an opponent of the government in self-imposed
exile 2 [C] someone who has left or been forced to leave
their country, especially for political reasons or reasons
connected with money: a political exile | a tax exile
exile² v [T(to)] to send (someone) into exile: They exiled
Napoleon to St Helena. → compare BANISH
ex·ist /ɪgˈzɪst/ v [I] 1 to live or be real; have been: The
technology for performing these operations already exists. |
The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. | The two
sides have reached a partial agreement, but several differences
still exist between them. 2 [(on)] (of a person) to continue to
live, especially with difficulty: They're paid hardly enough to
exist on. | She exists on tea and bread.
ex·ist·ence /ɪgˈzɪstəns/ n 1 [U] the state of existing: Harry
doesn't believe in the existence of God. | This law came into
existence in 1918/has been in existence since 1918. 2 [S] life;
way of living: She led/had a miserable existence.
ex·ist·ent /ɪgˈzɪstənt/ adj (still) existing: This is the only copy
of his book now existent. → opposite NONEXISTENT
ex·is·ten·tial /ˌegzˈstenʃəl/ adj related to existence or
existentialism: 'There is no God' is an existential statement.
ex·is·ten·tial·ism /ˌegzɪˈstenʃəlɪzəm/ n [U] the modern
belief and teaching of Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger etc that
people are alone in a meaningless world, that they are
completely free to choose their actions, and that their
actions determine their nature rather than the other way
round —ist adj, n: an existentialist philosopher
ex·ist·ing /ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj [A] present: Under existing regula-
tions, you are not allowed to bring animals into the country. |
Human rights are not tolerated under the existing regime.
ex·it¹ /ˈegzɪt, ˈeksɪt/ n [(from)] 1 (often written over or on a