0000
A. a /e; er/ A's, a's or As, as 1 the first letter of the English
alphabet 英语字母的第1个字母2 from A to B from one place
to another 从甲地到乙地： What's the quickest way to get from
A to B in London?在伦敦从甲地到乙地最便捷的途径是什么？
3 from A to Z from the beginning to the end; including every.
thing 自始至终；完全；彻底
a /e; e; strong 强读 e; er/ also 又作 an (before a vowel sound用
于元音前)-indefinite article, determiner 1 (before a noun
that names someone or something not already mentioned or
known about 用于未曾提及或事先不知的名词前)： Have you got
a car?你有（小轿）车吗？ | I had a pain in my leg. 我腿痛。
This is a very good book. 这是本很好的书。| That sounds like
an excuse to me. 我觉得那听起来像是借口。| She's a doctor/d
famous writer. 她是一名医生[一位著名作家]。| It's a pity you
can't come.你不能来真是遗憾。| He's a friend of mine. (=one
of my friends)他是我的一位朋友。| She was a Jones (=one of
the Jones family) before she married Bill.她嫁给比尔之前姓
琼斯。- see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Articles 2 a one 一： a
thousand pounds 1000英镑 | a dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋 b (before
certain words of quantity 用于某些数量词语之前)； a few week
几个星期⊥a lot of people 很多人」a little water 一点儿水 ⊥ a
great many times 许多许多次 3 each; every; per 每，每一： six
times a day 每天6次 |f2 a dozen 一打2英镑 4 the thing
called; any; every 所述的；任何的；每一的： A square has fou
sides, 正方形有四个边。| I would say a parcel was bigger
than a packet.依我看，“包裹”(parcel)比“小包”(packet)大。
5(before the first one of a pair that seems to be a single whole
用于两件一套的东西的第一件之前)；a cup and saucer 一套杯
碟 」 a bucket and spade （一套）桶和铲 6 (before [U] nouns 用
于不可数名词前) a container or unit of 一容器或一单位之量： I'd
like a coffee, please. 请给我一杯咖啡。7 a certain amount of:
some 一定量的；一些 a (before [S] nouns, especially words for
actions 用于单数名词特别是动作性词语前)： Have a look at this.
看看这个。| You need a wash. 你该洗一洗。| She has a good
knowledge of chemistry. 她精通化学。b (before the -ing form
of verbs when used as nouns 用于带 -ing的动名词之前)： H
drove off with a crashing of gears and a screeching of tyres
他一挂挡，汽车嘎地一声，轮胎随即擦着地面发出刺耳的声音开走
了。8 a kind of 一种： Médoc is a (very good) wine.梅多克是-
种（很好的）酒。| This is a good Médoc.这是一种上好的梅多
克酒。9 (before the name of a painter or other ARTIST 用于画家
或其他艺术家的名字前) a work by ··的作品 [真迹]： This paint-
ing is a Rembrandt. 这幅画是伦勃朗的作品。10 one like or
having the qualities of 像··；具有·的品质： They say the young
actress is a (new) Marilyr monroe!他们说这个女演员活像玛
莉莲·梦露！ 11 a (before names of people, showing that some-
one is unknown to the speaker 用于人名前，表示说话者并不认
识其人) a certain 某一；一位： A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to
you.有一位史密斯夫人想同你说话。b(before names of times
and places 用于时间或地方的名称前) a particular one （特指的）
某一： I can't remember a Christmas when it snowed so much.
我想不起哪一年的圣诞节下过这样大的雪。(compare比较It al
ways snows at Christmas.圣诞节总是下雪。) 12 a (after 置于
half/rather/such/what/(fml or lit 正式或文) many 等词之后)：
I've got rather a headache. 我有些头痛。| What a nice girl
(she is)! （她是个）多么好的女孩！ | I've never met such a nice
girl.我从未见过这样好的女孩。| (fml or lit 正式或文) Many a
small business has failed (=many small businesses have failed)
because of lack of investment.许多小商店由于缺少投资而倒
闭。b(after 置于 as/how/so/too+adj之后)： He's got as big a
car as you have,他那辆车同你的那辆一样大。」 I've neve mer
so nice a girl. 我从未见过这么好的女孩。-- see 参见 AN (USAGE)
A1/e; er/n 1 the highest GRADE that can be given to a student's
work. An exam or piece of written work that gets an A is
excellent.(表示学业成绩的)最优（等级）：I got an A on my
biology test.生物测验我得了个 A。 2 the sixth note in the
musical SCALE of C. or the musical KEY based on this note
C大调音阶的第六个音符：A调 3 one of the common BLOOD
GROUPS A型〔常见血型的一种)； The donor's blood is type A
这位献血者的血型为A型。- see also另见 A-ROAD,A-SIDE,A
LEVEL
A,a
A2 written abbrev. for 缩写=AMP
A-1/e `wan; er'wan/ adj old-fash very good, completely
healthy, or in excellent condition【过时】头等的；（身体）健康的
(状态)极佳的
A1. the /e`wan: ei'wan/ a main British road that goes from
London to Edinburgh Al公路〔英国从伦敦到爱丁堡的一条主
干道〕
A3 /e `0ri; e1 '0ri:/ n [U] a standard size of paper in the EU
(European Union), which is 29.7 centimetres by 42 centimetres,
twice as large as A4 A3号纸〔尺寸为29.7厘米×42厘米，比
A4号纸大一倍)： Can you enlarge the photocopy onto a sheet
ofA3?你可不可以把复印件放大到A3纸上？
A4 /e `for; ei 'fo:/ n [U] a standard size of paper in the EU
(European Union), which is 21 centimetres by 29.7 centimetres.
In Europe, A4 is the most commonly used size of paper for
business letters and PHOTOCOPY machines. A4号纸[尺寸为
21厘米×29.7厘米。在欧洲，商业信函和复印机通常使用这种尺
寸的纸张)： Please type your cover letter on a sheet of A4 and
send it to the Human Resources Department.附信请用A4号
纸打印，寄至人力资源部。
AALe`e;er'ei/ abbrey, for 缩写= 1 ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS
2 Automobile Association; a British organization for people
who own cars. The AA moves or repairs its members' cars if
they have an accident or if their cars stop working while they
are driving.汽车协会〔英国的一个车主组织，如果会员在驾车时
发生车祸或汽车熄火，该组织就负责为他们拖车或修车]3 Asso
ciate of Arts; a US college degree in a subject such as history
or literature, usually given after two years of studying at a COM
MUNITY COLLEGE or JUNIOR COLLEGE. An AA is also called an
ASSOCIATE DEGREE.副文学士〔美国大学学位的一种，通常在社
区学院或两年制专科学校学习历史、文学等两年后可以获得该学
位，亦称副学士学位〕
AAA. the1/0ri`ez: 0ri: 'eiz Amateur Athletic Association; a
British organization for ATHLETES 业余体育协会〔英国的一个
运动员组织〕
AAA. the2/tripl`e; tripal 'ei abbrev. for 缩写= the Ameri
can Automobile Association; an organization in the US for
people who own cars. AAA moves or repairs its members'
cars if they have an accident or if their cars stop working while
they are driving.美国汽车协会〔美国的一个车主组织，如果会员
在驾车时发生车祸或汽车熄火，该组织就负责为他们拖车或修车)
A&W /e en `dablju; er en 'dabalju:/ trademark a popular type
of ROOT BEER sold in the US. Many states have A&W FAST
FOOD restaurants which are known for selling HAMBURGERS
and root beer FLOATS (=root beer with ice cream in it).【商标】
“A&W”根啤，根汁汽水〔美国流行的根汁汽水品牌，许多州都有
A&W快餐店出售汉堡包及有冰淇淋的根汁汽水
aard-vark /ard vark; 'a:dva:k/ n a large animal of southern
Africa, similar to an ANTEATER, which feeds on TERMITES at
night. People sometimes use this word as an example of the
first word that is likely to appear in a dictionary or
ENCYCLOPEDIA.土豚[生长于非洲南部，形似食蚁兽，以夜间捕食
白蚁为生。人们有时把这词作为词典或百科全书的第一个单词〕
Aa.ron /'cren; 'earen/ in the Old Testament of the Bible, a priest
who was the brother of MOSES 亚伦〔《圣经》中的一位传道士，
摩西之兄
Aaron, Hank (1934-)a BASEBALL player famous for hitting
more HOME RUNS than Babe RUTH, who had held the record
for almost 40 years阿伦〔(1934-)，棒球运动员，本垒打次数
超过保持记录近40年的贝布·鲁思，并以此出名〕-see also另
见 Mark McGWIRE
AARP /e e ar `pi; er er a: 'pi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED PERSONS
AB1/e `bi;ei 'bi:/ AmE【美】n - see 参见 BA(1)
AB2n one of the common BLOOD GROUPS AB型〔常见血型的-
种]
ABA /e bi`e; ei bi: 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写=AMERICAN BAR AS-
SOCIATION
A.bach.a /e`batfe; e'ba:tfe/, General Sa.ni /`sani; 'sa:ni/
(1943-1998) the military leader and President of Nigeria from
1993 until his death. In 1995 Nigeria was forced to leave the
0001
aback
British Commonwealth.阿巴查〔(1943-1998)，尼日利亚军事领
袖，1993年始任总统直至去世。1995年尼日利亚被迫脱离英联
邦〕
a.back /e`baek; e'baek/ advbe taken aback to be shocked, es-
pecially by something unpleasant or unexpected〔尤指由于不
愉快或意想不到的事而〕吃了一惊： I was rather taken aback by
his rudeness.他的粗鲁使我颇为吃惊
ab.a.cus/`aebekes; 'aebekes/ n a frame holding wires on which
small balls can be moved, used for counting and calculating
especially in eastern countries 算盘
ab.a.lo.ne /aebe`loni; aebe'leuni/ n [C; U] (the shell of) a kind
of SHELLFISH, used as food and known for its shell, which is
lined with MOTHER-OF-PEARL 鲍鱼〔一种贝类动物，可食用，贝
壳内有一层珍珠母〕，石决明
ban.don' /e`baenden; e'baenden/ v [T] 1 to leave completely
and for ever; DESERT 抛弃，遗弃，离弃： He abandoned his wife
and children. 他遗弃了妻子和儿女。| When the fire got out of
control, the captair told the sailors toabandos ship_ .当火势
已无法控制时，船长吩咐水手弃船（逃生）。2 to give up or bring
an end to (something), especially without finishing it or gain-
ing the intended result 放弃；中止： The bad weather forced
them to abandon their search. 恶劣的天气迫使他们中止了搜
寻工作。| They abandoned all hope of finding the child. 他们
放弃了找到这个孩子的一切希望。| The party has now aban-
doned its earlier commitment to restoring full employment
该党现已放弃早先关于恢复充分就业的承诺。| The game had
to be abandoned because of crowd trouble, 比赛因观众闹事
而被迫中止。- see also 另见 ABANDONED - ~ment n [U]
abandon sbdy.to sthg. phr v [T] lit to allow (oneself) to be
completely controlled by (a feeling, desire etc)【文】沉湎于〔某
种感情、欲望等中)；放纵：He abandoned himself to grief.他陷
入悲痛之中
abandon2n [U] the state when one's feelings and actions are
uncontrolled 尽情；任意；放纵： People were shouting and cheer-
ing in gay abandon.人们兴高采烈，纵情欢呼。| The kids
hurled pieces of wood on the fire with gay abandon.孩子们
尽情地往火堆里扔木块。
a.ban.doned /e`baendend; e'baendend/ adj completely
uncontrolled, especially in a way that is thought to be immora
无约束的，无度的；放荡的：abandoned behaviour 恣意放荡的
行为
a.base /e`bes; e'beis/ v[T (to, before)] fml to make (oneself
lose self-respect; make HUMBLE【正式】贬低，降低〔自己的〕身
份-~ment n[U]
a.bashed /e`baeft; e'baeft/ adj [F] uncomfortable and ashamed
in the presence of others, especially when one has done some-
thing wrong or stupid 羞愧的，发窘的；尴尬的 - opposite 反义
词 unabashed
a bate /e`bet; e'beit/ νfml【正式】1 [I] (of winds, storms, sounds
pain etc) to become less strong; decrease 〔风、暴风雨、声音、痛
苦等〕减退，减轻，消退，减少：The recent public anxiety about
this issue may now be abating.近来公众对这个问题的焦虑心
情现在也许正在缓和下来。- see also 另见 UNABATED 2 [T] law
to bring to an end (especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 abate a
nuisance 排除骚扰)【律】取消，中止；排除 - ~ment n [U]
ab·at toir /ebe`twar; 'aebetwa:/ n BrE for【英】= SLAUGHTER
HOUSE
Ab.ba /aebe; 'aebe/ a Swedish POP GROUP made up of two men
and two women, that became one of the most successful groups
of the 1970s after winning the EUROVISION SONG CONTEST in
1974 with a song called Waterloo. They were popular with
people of all ages, and their songs include Dancing Oueen
and The Winner Takes It All.“阿巴”演唱组〔瑞典流行音乐演
唱组，由两男两女组成。1974年以一曲《滑铁卢》荣获“欧洲电视
歌曲大赛”冠军，从此成为20世纪70年代最成功的组合之一。他
们的音乐为不同年龄的人士所喜爱。他们的歌曲包括《舞蹈皇后》
和《胜者为王》〕
ab bess /`aebis; 'aebs/ n a woman who is the head of a CON
VENT(=a religious establishment for women called NUNS)女
修道院院长 - compare 比较 ABBOT
ab·bey /`aebi; 'aebi/ n 1 (especially formerly 尤指旧时) a build.
ing in which MONKS or NUNS live and work; MONASTERY or
CONVENT 修道院 - compare 比较 PRIORY 2 (often cap. as
part of a name 常大写，用于名称) a large church where MONKS
or NUNS once lived 大教堂，大寺院： Westminster Abbey （伦敦）
威斯敏斯特大教堂[西敏寺]
ab.bot /`aebet; 'aebet/ n a man who is the head of a MONASTERY
(=a religious establishment for men called MONKS)男修道院
院长 - compare 比较ABBESS
Ab.bott and Cos.tel.lo /，aebet end ka`stelo; ebet end kn
2
'steleu/ Bud Abbott (1896-1974) and Lou Costello (1908-
1959) two popular American COMEDIANS who appeared in
many humorous films together in the 1940s and 1950s 阿博特
和科斯蒂洛〔巴德·阿博特(1896-1974)和卢·科斯蒂洛(1908-
1959)两位是深受欢迎的美国喜剧演员，20世纪40、50年代曾合
演过不少喜剧片〕
ab.bre.vi.ate /e`brivi et; a'bri:vieit/ v [T] to make (a word, story
etc)shorter 节略，缩略，省略，缩写
ab.bre.vi.a.tion /e,brivi`efen; e,bri:vi'eifan/ n 1 [C] a short-
ened form of a word, such as'Dr' for 'Doctor' or 'PTO' for
please turn over'. In this dictionary some abbreviations (such
as Dr) are marked written abbrev., showing that they are only
used in writing and not in speech.缩写（词），缩略语<如 Doc-
tor 的缩写为 Dr,而 please turn over 的缩写为 PTO。本辞典中
某些缩写词如 Dr 等标注 written abbrev.,表示只用于书写，不
用于说话>2 [U] the act of abbreviating 节略，缩写
ABC1 /，ei bi`si;ei bi: 'si:/ BrE【英】‖ ABCs AmE【美】-- n [U]
1 (used by children and to children) the letters of the English
alphabet(儿语〕英文字母（表）： kids in kindergarten learning
their ABCs在幼儿园学习字母(表)的小孩子 2the ABC of BrE
【英】‖ the ABCs of AmE【美】the basic facts about something
or the basic skills you need in order to do something. This
phrase is often used in the titles of books.基础知识；入门；初阶
〔常用于书名〕：The ABC of Cooking《烹饪入门》 」 a short
course that teaches the ABC of using a database 教授数据库
运用基础的短期课程
ABC2 abbrey, for 缩写= American Broadcasting Corporation:
one of the four main national television networks in the US.
The other three are FOX, CBS, and NBC 美国广播公司〔美国四大
全国性电视网络之一，其余三家为福克斯广播公司、哥伦比亚广播
公司和全国广播公司)：ABC News 美国广播公司新闻节目
ab.di·cate /`aebde ket; 'aebdikeit/ v1 [I (from); T] to give up
officially (an official position, especially that of king or queen)
正式放弃（公职，尤指王位），退（位），让（位）：The king abdicated
(the throne).国王退[让]位了。2 [T] fml to give up (a right.
claim,or responsibility);RENOUNCE【正式】放弃〔权利、职责等]：
He accused the government of abdicating its responsibility for
the economy. 他指控政府在经济上失责。-- -cation /aebde`kefen;
aebdi'keifan/ n [C; U (of, from)
Ab.di·ca.tion, the /，aebde`kefen; aebd'keifan/ also 又作 the
Abdication Crisis /·'· ·/ the period in Britain in 1936， in
which King Edward VIII was forced to abdicate so that he could
marry Wallis Simpson, an American who had been divorced
(DIVORCE). According to the law, he was not allowed to marry
a divorced woman and still remain king.退位：逊位〔指英国
1936年国王爱德华八世为了和一位离异的美国女子沃利斯·辛普
森结婚而被迫退位。根据法律，国王不能娶离异女子为妻
ab.do.men /aeb`domen; 'aebdemen/ n med【医】1 a main part of
the front of the body in animals, between the chest and legs,
containing the stomach, bowels etc; the BELLY 腹（部） 2 the
end part of an insect's body, joined to the THORAX〔昆虫的〕腹
-dominal /aeb`damenl; aeb'domnel/ adj: abdominal pains
腹痛
ab.duct /aeb`dvkt; ab'dvkt/v [T] to take (a person) away illegally,
often by force; KIDNAP 劫持；诱拐： The police think the boy
has been abducted. 警方认为这男孩被人拐跑了。- -ductior
/-`dvkfen;-'dvkfen/ n [U]
abductee /ebdvk`ti; obdvk'ti:/ n someone who believes that
they have been taken by force by ALIENS (=creatures from an
other part of the universe)to their spacecraft, especially so
that the aliens can examine them or do scientific tests on them.
This experience is called ALIEN ABDUCTION.被劫持者〔他们自
认为曾被外星人劫持到飞船上作为科学试验品。这种事件叫做外
星人劫持〕
Ab.dul-Jab.bar /aeb,dul d3e`bar; eb,dul d3e'ba:'/ Ka.reem
/ke`rim; ke'ri:m/ (1947-)a US BASKETBALL player, consid-
ered to be one of the best players ever. He was originally called
Lewis Alcindor, but changed his name when he became a
BLACK MUSLIM.阿卜杜勒·贾巴尔〔(1947-)，美国篮球运动员.
被认为是最佳球员之一。他原名刘易斯·阿尔辛多，加入黑人穆斯
林后改名〕
a·bed /e`bad; e'bed/ adj [F] lit or old use in bed【文或旧】在床上
的
A.bel/`ebl; 'eibal/ in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second
son of ADAM and EVE who was killed by his brother CAIN 亚伯
〔《圣经·旧约》中亚当和夏娃的次子，被其兄该隐杀害〕
Ab·e·lard /`ebe lard; 'aebela:d/ Peter(1079-1142) a French
PHILOSOPHER and THEOLOGIAN best remembered for his love
for Héloise, shown in their famous letters to each other 阿贝拉
尔〔(1079-1142)，法国哲学家和神学家，曾与埃洛伊兹相爱，他们
0002
之间的来往书信颇为著名〕
Ab.er.deen/.eba`din: aebe'di:n/ a port in NE Scotland. known
for being the centre of the NORTH SEA OIL industry 阿伯丁〔苏
格兰东北部的一个港口，是北海石油工业的中心〕- see colour
map on page Al参见A1页彩色地图
Aberdeen An-gus/,..·/ a type of cattle originally from NE
Scotland and bred for meat 阿伯丁安格斯牛〔原产于苏格兰东
北部的一种食用牛〕
Ab.er.fan/,eba`vaen; aebe'vaen/ a small town in South Wales
where, in 1966， a large pile of waste material from coal MINES
fell onto a school and killed 116 children and 28 adults 阿伯梵
〔南威尔士一小镇。1966年煤矿的一大堆废料滑落到镇上的一所
学校上，造成116名儿童及28名成人死亡〕
a.ber.rant/eb`cront; 'aeberent/ adj 1 changed from what is
usual, expected, or right 离开正路的，脱离常轨的：aberran
behaviour under the influence of drugs毒品影响下的异常举
止 2 tech not like the rest of its kind 【术语】畸变的；变态的： an
aberrant example of a common insect 普通昆虫畸变的例子
ab·er·ra·tion/,aebe`refen;aebe'reifan/ n [C; U] a change away
from one's usual way of thinking or of behaving 偏差：越轨：错
乱： She hit him in a moment of aberration. 她一时精神失常，
打了他。|a statistical aberration 统计上的偏差
a.bet/e`bat; e'bet/ v-tt- [T (in)] law to encourage or give help
to (a crime or criminal)【律】教唆，怂恿；伙同〔犯罪等〕：The
police say he aided and abetted the thief in robbing the bank.
警方说他伙同这匪徒抢劫银行。-~tor n
a.bey.ance/e`beens; e'beiens/ n [U] fml the condition of not
being in use for a certain time 【正式】搁置；中止；缓办： an old
custom that has fallen into abevance已经不时兴的旧习俗
Ab Fab/,aeb `faeb; aeb 'faeb/ an informal name for ABSOLUTELY
FABULOUS《妙不可言》〔Absolutely Fabulous 的非正式名称)
ab-hor/eb`hor; eb'ho:/v-rr- [T not in progressive forms 不用
进行式] to hate very much; DETEST 厌恶，憎恶： I abhor cruelty
to animals.我痛恨虐待动物（的行为）。
ab.hor.rent/eb`horent; eb'horent/ adj [(to)] deeply disliked
REPUGnAnt令人憎恶的.可恨的: The killing of animals for food
is (utterly) abhorrent to some people.在某些人看来，为了食
肉而杀死动物是（极其）可恶的行为。- -rence n [U]: The Presi-
dent expressed his abhorrence at the murder.总统对这宗谋
杀案深表痛恨。
a·bide/e`baid; e'baid/ v 1 [T usually in questions and nega-
tives 一般用于疑问句及否定句] to bear; TOLERATE 忍受,容忍
I can't abide rude people.我不能容忍粗鲁无礼的人。|[+v-
ing] I cannot abide seeing such cruelty. 我不忍看这样残忍的
事。- see 参见 BEAR (USAGE) 2 [I+ady/prep] (past tense
also 过去式也作 abode) lit or old use to stay, wait, or live (in a
place or condition)【文或旧】逗留；等候；居住
abide bysthg. phr v [T] 1 to obey exactly or remain faithful
to (laws, promises etc)遵守〔法律等)：信守〔诺言等)： If you
join the club you must abide by its rules.你如果参加俱乐部，
就必须遵守它的规章。| to abide by a treaty 信守条约 2 to ac
cept without complaint 承担： You must abide by the conse
quences of your decision.对于你所作出的决定，你必须承担后
果。
Abide With Me/'/ a well-known HYMN (=a song of praise
to God). In the UK it is always sung before the CUP FINAL(=a
important football game).《与我同在》〔一首著名的赞美诗。在英
国，足协杯决赛前人们经常哼唱这首诗歌〕
a.bid.ing/e`baidin; e'baidin/ adj [A] lasting for a long time
and unlikely to change 持久的，永久的： The experience left me
with an abiding hatred of dogs.这次经历使我从此永远讨厌狗。
*a.bil.i.ty/e`bileti; e'bilati/ n [C; U].1 the fact of having the skill.
power, or other qualities that are needed in order to do some-
thing 能力；技能；才能；才智： a man of great musical ability 有
卓越音乐才华的人」a job more suited to your abilities 更能发
挥你才能的工作 | [+to-v] She has demonstrated/has got a re-
markable ability to get things done.在办事方面，她显示了非
凡的能力。| I did the work to the best of my ability. (=as well
as I could) 这项工作我竭尽全力了。- see also 另见 MIXED
ABILITY; see 参见 GENIUS (USAGE) 2 from each according
to his abilities, to each according to his needs quote a phrase
from a work by Karl Marx, saying that in a society each per.
son should give what they can, and each person should receive
what they need【引】各尽所能，各取所需〔引自卡尔·马克思的一
部著作
ab.ject/aeb`d3akt; 'aebd3ekt/ adj fml【正式】1 (of a condition) as
low as possible; pitiful; WRETCHED〔境遇等〕不幸的，可怜的，
悲惨的：abject poverty 赤贫 2 (especially of people or behav-
our) showing lack of self-respect; very HUMBLE〔尤指人、行为
等〕可鄙的；下贱的，下流的；自卑的：an abject apology 低声下
3
abominable
气的道歉 - ~ly adv - -jection /aeb`d3kfen; aeb'd3ekfan/ n
[U]
ab·jure/eb`d3ur; eb'd3ue/ v [T] fml to make a solemn promise.
especially publicly, to give up (an opinion, claim etc); RE-
NOUNCE【正式】公开宣布放弃〔主张、权利等〕：They abjured
their religion.他们郑重声明放弃自己的宗教信仰。- -juration
/,aebd3u`refen;aebd3'reifan/n[U]
a.blaze/e`blez; e'bleiz/ adj [F (with)] 1 burning strongly and
uncontrollably 炽燃的，猛烈燃烧的： The wooden house was
quickly ablaze.木屋迅即着火燃烧起来。| (fig.喻) ablaze with
anger/excitement 非常气愤[激动] 2 shining brightly 光辉明亮
的： The room was ablaze with light.房间里灯火辉煌。
*able/ebl; 'eibal/ adj1 [F+to-v] having the skill, power, knowledge.
time, or other qualities that are needed in order to do some-
thing 有能力的；有本事的；能 （做·）的： Wil you be able to come
to our party? 你能来参加我们的聚会吗？ | I think David is more
able/better able to deal with this probler than I am. 我认为
戴维比我更善于处理这个问题。| We are not yet able to pre-
dict the result. 我们还不能预测结果会如何。[ They are will
ing and able to help. 他们愿意，也有能力给以帮助。2 clever or
skilful;COMPETENT 能干的；熟练的；称职的；身手灵活的： She's
an abler teacherla more able teacher than he is.同他相比，她
是一个更为称职的教师。| [also 又作 n, the+P] to assist the less
able among us 帮助我们中能力比较弱的人 - see also 另见
ABLY; see 参见 COULD (USAGE)
-able - see 参见 WORD FORMATION
able-bod.ied/./ adj physically strong and active, espe
cially as opposed to being DISABLED 身体健全的 - able-bodied
n [the+P]
able sea·man/,·'·/‖also 又作 able-bod·ied sea·man /，··
·/ AmE【美】 n a naval rank 二等水兵 - see 参见 TABLE 3
a.blu.tion/eb`ljufen; e'blu:fan/ n [C; U] fiml the washing of the
hands or body as part of a religious ceremony 【正式】〔宗教上
的〕沐浴或洗手仪式，净体或净手（礼）
a.blu.tions /eb`ljufenz; e'blu:fanz/ n [P] pomp or humor the
act of washing oneself 【夸张或幽默】沐浴： to perform one's
ablutions洗澡
a.bly/`ebli;'eibli/ adv in an able manner; skilfully能干地；巧妙
地：She controlled the meeting very ably.她很干练地掌握这次
会议。
ABM/e bi`sm;ei bi: 'em/ n abbrey, for 缩写= antiballistic
missile; a weapon used for defence against MISSILES 反弹道导
弹
ab·ne·ga.tion/,ebni`gefen;ebn'geifan/ also 又作 self.
abnegation -- n [U] fiml lack of concern for one's own wishes;
SELF-DENIAL【正式】自制，克己
ab.norm.al/aeb`norml; aeb'no:mal/ adj different from what is
expected, usual, or average, especially in a bad or undesirable
way; not NORMAL 不正常的，反常的；变态的： Is the child ab-
normal in any way? 这孩子是否在哪方面有点不正常？| abnorm-
al behaviour 反常行为 」 abnormal levels of radiation in the
area of the power station （核） 电站周围地区超常的辐射能级 -
~ly adv: It was abnormally hot.天气热得反常。-- ~ity /，aebnor-
`maeleti;aebno:'maelti/n [C;U]
ab.o/`aebo; 'ebeu/ n abos AustrE taboo derog an Australian
ABORIGINE【澳，讳，贬】土佬〔对澳洲土著的蔑称
a.board /e`bord; e'bo:d/ adv, prep on or into (a ship, train,
aircraft, bus etc)在船[车、飞机等]上；上船[车、飞机等]： The
boat is ready to leave. All aboard! 船就要开了，请大家上船！|
The plane crashed, killing all 200 people aboard.飞机撞毁
了，机上200人全部遇难。- compare 比较 on board(BOARD1)
a.bode'/e`bod; e'beud/ past tense of ABIDE (2)
abode2n [usually sing.一般用单数] lit, humor, or law the place
where one lives; one's home 【文，幽或律】住所： Welcome to my
humble abode!欢迎光临寒舍！ | a person of/with no fixed
abode无固定住所的人
a.bol.ish/e`balif; e'bolif/ v [T] to bring to an end by law; stop
废除；取消： Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th
century.美国在19世纪废除了奴隶制。| a government plan to
abolish state pensions 政府取消国家养老金的计划 - -ition /
aebe`lifen;aebe'lifen/ n [U]: They campaigned for the aboli-
tion of capital punishment.他们发起了废除死刑的运动。
a.bo.li.tion.ist/aebe`lifenist;aebe'lifanst/n someone who
wants or tries to abolish something. The word is used espe-
cially to describe the people who wanted to abolish SLAVERY
in Britain in the 18th century and in the US in the 19th century,
before and during the Civil War.废除主义者：〔尤指英国18世
纪及美国19世纪内战之前和内战时期的〕废奴主义者
A-bomb/`e bam; 'ei bom/ n an ATOM BOMB 原子弹
a.bom.i.na.ble /e`baminebl; e'bomnebal/ adj causing great
0003
abominable snowman
dislike; hateful 可恶的，令人讨厌的；极坏的；abominable treat
ment of prisoners 对犯人令人难以容忍的待遇」(infml 非正式)
The food in this hotel is abominable.这家旅馆的饭菜糟透了
--bly adv
abominable snow·man /·.·.·/1 a YETI〔据传生活于喜马
拉雅山的)雪人 2 an evil character made of snow in an Ameri-
can television story for children〔美国一儿童电视剧中的〕坏雪
a.bom·i·nate /e`bame net; e'bomneit/v [T not in progressive
forms 不用进行式] fml to hate very much; ABHOR【正式】憎恨
厌恶
a.bom·i·na.tion /e bamenefen;e,bom'neifan/n1 [U] great
hatred; DISGUST 厌恶，憎恨 2 [C] something deeply offensive
or hateful 令人深恶痛绝的事物
ab.o.rig.i·nal1/ebe`rid3enl;aebe'rid3nal/ adj [A] of or con.
cerning people or living things that have existed in a place
from the earliest times; INDIGENOUS 土著的； an aboriginal civi
lization 土著文明
aboriginal2n an aborigine 土著居民；土人
ab.o.rig.i.ne /ebe`rid3eni;,aebe'rid3ni/ n a member of the
group of people that has lived in Australia from the earliest
times澳洲土著；土著居民
a.bort /e`bort; e'bo:t/ v 1 [T] to cause (a child) to be born too
soon, or to end (a PREGNANCY) too soon, so that the child can-
not live 使〔胎儿〕流产；使堕胎： The doctor had to abort the
baby/the pregnancy. 医生不得不打掉胎儿[中止妊娠]。2 [I;T]
usually 一般作 miscarry AmE【美】 - to give birth too early to
(a dead child)〔死婴〕流产 - compare 比较 MISCARRY (1) 3 [I;
T] tech to end before the expected time because of some trouble
【术语】（使）〔计划等)中止，夭折：The space flight had to be
aborted because of difficulties with the computer.由于电脑
方面的故障，这次太空飞行不得不中止
a.bor.tion /e`borfen; e'bo:fan/ n 1 [C; U] the act of stopping
the development of a child inside a woman, especially by a
medical operation and usually before the 21st week 人工流产
堕胎： She had an abortion. 她做了人工流产。| Is abortion le
gal in your country? 在你们国家人工流产合法吗？ | drugs used
to induce abortion 堕胎药| anti-abortion groups 反对人工流
产的团体 - compare 比较 MISCARRIAGE, STILLBIRTH - see
also 另见 BACK-STREET ABORTION 2 [C] rare a badly-formed
creature produced by an abortion 【罕】早产的畸形婴儿3[C] a
plan or arrangement which goes wrong before it can develo
properly〔计划等因出问题而〕流产，中止
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Abortion has been legal
in the US since 1973 and in the UK since 1967， although
people in both countries have very strong opinions about
it. People disagree about whether it should stay legal, and
about whether it is morally right.Some people are pro
CHOICE and believe that a woman has the right to choose
whether or not to have an abortion. Other people are PRO
LIFE or anti-abortion, and believe that an unborn baby has
the right to be born. They believe that abortion is murder
尽管人们反响强烈，但是美英两国各自于1973年和1967年
使人工流产合法化。人们对于堕胎是否应该合化法，在道义上
是否正确各持己见。主张人工流产为合法的人认为妇女有权
决定是否应该堕胎，而反对人工流产的人则认为孩子有出生
权，堕胎等于谋杀。- see also另见 ROE VS. WADE
a.bor.tion.ist /e`borfenist; e'bo:fanst/ n a person, especially
not a doctor, who gets money for doing abortions 施堕胎术者
〔尤指非医生〕
a.bor.tive /e`bortiv; e'bo:tiv/ adj failing to reach the result that
was intended; unsuccessful〔计划等〕流产的，夭折的；未获成功
的，失败的： an abortive attempt to build a railway 落了空的修
建铁路的计划 」an abortive takeover bid 一次不成功的接收
[收购]出价 - ~ly adv
a.bound /e`baund; e'baund/ y [I] fml to exist in large numbers
or great quantity 【正式】大量存在；充满；富于： Theories/Oues
tions abound as to the reasons for the President's decision
关于总统作出这一决策的理由，人们提出了各种各样的推测[疑
问]。
abound in/with sthg. phr v [T] to have in large numbers or
great quantity 盛产；富于；有许多： The country abounds in valu
able minerals.这个国家蕴藏着大量贵重的矿物
*a bout' /e`baut; e'baut/ prep 1 on the subject of 关于，对于： a
book about lions 一本关于狮子的书 | talking about their holi-
days 谈他们假日的事 | Something should be done about
nemployment.应该想些办法来解决失业问题。|She feels very
strongly about this. 她对此事态度非常坚决。- see 参见 ON
(USAGE) 2 also 又作 around especially AmE【尤美】 - here
and there in; in all parts of 到处： They walked about the streets
他们在街上各处走走。|books lying about the room 房间里到
处散放着的书 - see 参见 ROUND3(USAGE) 3 in the character
of 性格上： There's something about her that I really don't
like.她性格上有些东西我实在不喜欢。4 lit, especially BrE
surrounding 【文，尤英】围绕： the high walls about the prison
监狱四周的高墙 5 fml on the body of【正式】身上： He had a
gun hidden about his person. (=in his clothes)他身上藏着枪。
6 busy or concerned with (an activity)忙于；关心（某事）：go-
ing about one's day-to-day business 忙于日常事务 | Do the
shopping now, and while you're about it get me that book
from the library.现在去买东西吧，并顺便给我从图书馆把那本
书借回来。| Bring me a drink -- and be quick about it!给我
拿点饮料—-快一点！7 what/how about..? ： a what news or
plans have you concerning.?〔征求意见或打听消息时〕··怎么
样；怎么办：What about Jack? We can't just leave him here
杰克怎么办？我们不能就这样把他留在这儿。b(making a
suggestion)〔提出建议时〕··怎么样； ·好吗？： How/What about
a drink?喝杯酒怎么样[好吗]？ - see 参见 LANGUAGE
NOTE: Invitations and Offers
□USAGE 用法说明 In spoken English (it's) about can
be used to introduce a topic you want to discuss.在口语中，
(it's) about 用于引出一个想要讨论的主题： Now, about your
exam results, David. They're not very good, are they?
(戴维，现在说说你的考试成绩，成绩不太好，是吧？)|It's
about my little boy, doctor, he's not very well. （医生，是
这么一回事，我这小男孩，他身体不大好。)
tabout2 ady 1 also 又作 around especially AmE【尤美】 -- here
and there; in all directions or places 到处： They always go about
together. 他们总是一起到处走。| papers lying about on the
floor 地板上到处散放着的报纸 | There are a lot of colds about
at the moment. (=many people have colds just now.)目前很多
人患感冒。2 also 又作 around especially AmE【尤美】 - some-
where near 附近，周围： Is there anybody about?附近有人吗？
3 also 又作 around especially AmE【尤美】 -- a little more or
less than 大约，大概： about five miles/ten years 大约五英里[十
年] | This year's profits are about the same as last year's.今
年的利润同去年的大体一样。4 infml almost【非正式】几乎，将
近： I'm about ready. 我就（准备）好了。| That looks about right.
那个看起来差不多了。5 fml so as to face the opposite way 【正
式】（转到）相反方向： The ship turned about and left the battle.
这艘（战）船调转方向，撤出了战斗。
see also 另见 just about
(JUST'); see 参见 ROUND3(USAGE)
about3 adi1 [Fl out of bed; active 不再躺床上，可以下床活动：
The doctor told me I'd be up and about again very soon.医
生告诉我，很快我就能下床活动了。- see also 另见 out and
about (OUT') 2 be about to to be just ready to; be going to即
将的： We were about to start, when it rained, 我们正要开始就
下雨了。3 not about to infml, especially AmE very unwilling
to【非正式，尤美】很不愿意·的： I'm not about to lend you any
more money.我不想再借钱给你了
about-turn /· '·/ especially BrE【尤英】‖ about-face /·'· ·/ es-
pecially AmE【尤美】 - n [usually sing. 一般用单数] 1 a change
to the opposite position, opinion, or course of action 向后转
〔立场、态度、动作等的〕大转变：The government has done a
complete about-turn in its policy on military spending,政府
在军费开支政策上来了个180度大转变。2 (also 又作 interj)(a
military order to) turn round and face in the opposite direction
〔军队号令〕向后转
*a.bove1 /e`bav; e'bvv/ prep 1 higher than; over 〔位置)在·上
面： We flew above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。| There's
nothing in this shop (atlfor) above ￡5.这家商店卖的东西价钱
都不超过5英镑。| Raise your arms above your head. 把你的
手举过头。| 500 feet above sea level 海拔500英尺 | The town's
birthrate was well above the national average.这个市镇的出
生率大大超过全国的平均数。- opposite 反义词 below; see 参
见 USAGE 2 to a greater degree than 高于，超出： The com
pany values hard work above good ideas.公司认为努力工作
比提出好建议更为重要。| respected above all others 比所有
其他人更受尊重 」 to be praised for a dedication above and
beyond the call of duty (=much greater than usual or expected)
由于超越职责要求的献身精神而受到表扬 3 higher in rank or
power than 〔地位〕高于；〔权力〕大于： A general is above a
major.上将的军衔比少校高。- opposite 反义词 below 4 too
good,proud, or honest for〔品质、能力等〕超出·；不受··之影
响： Her behaviour was above suspicion.她的品行 （很好）不容
怀疑。| They're not above a bit of bribery if it will get them
0004
what they want.如果行贿能使他们得到所需的东西，他们也不见
得一点都不贿赂的。5 above all (else) most important of all 尤
其是，最重要的是： And above all, remember to send us your
comments.最重要的是，别忘记把你们的意见寄来。6 get above
oneself to have too much trust in one's own cleverness自高自
大，自命不凡 -- see also 另见 over and above (OVER' (13)
□USAGE 用法说明 The prepositions above and over can
often be used in the same way.介词 above 和 over 通常用
法相同： Let's-hang the painting over/above the fireplace
(我们把油画挂在壁炉上方吧。) If there is an idea of move-
ment over is used. 如果有动作的意思，就用 over: The bird
flew over the lake.(鸟儿在湖上飞翔。) | The sheep jumped
over the wall.(羊跳过墙。) Over is also used if there is an
idea of covering, 如果有遮盖的意思，也用 over: He pulled
the blanket over his head and fell asleep,(他把毯子拉上
来，蒙头睡着了。) | They built a roof over the courtyard.
(他们给院子盖了个顶棚。)
*above2 adv 1 in or to a higher place; higher 在上面： I heard
some noises coming from the room above.我听到从上面房间
里传出一些嘈杂声。| A shout from above warned me of the
danger,上面有人高声叫喊提醒我有危险。2 more; higher 以上：
the numbers 20 and above 20号及20号以上的号码 」 chil
dren of six or above (=six or older) 6岁或6岁以上的儿童| a
military meeting for captains and above (=of higher rank)由
上尉及上尉以上军官参加的军事会议 3 on an earlier page or
higher on the same page 上述： the facts mentioned above上述
事实- opposite 反义词 below
above3 adj[A; after n 用于名词后] fml mentioned on an earlier
page or higher on the same page【正式】上面的；上述的； For an
explanation, see the above section/the section above.关于解
释，请见上一部分。| [also 又作 n, the+C,pl. above] The above
is the profit before tax.上面所说的是纳税前的利润。| All the
above are asked to attend tomorrow's meeting.以上各位请全
部参加明天的会议。
a-bove·board /e`bvv bord; e,bav'bo:d/ adj [F] without any
attempt to deceive 公开的，光明正大的： Don't worry; it's all
open and aboveboard.别担心，一切都是光明正大的。
above-men·tioned /·'·/ adj [A] fml ABOVE3【正式】上述的
the above-mentioned facts 上述事实 | [also 又作 n, the+P
.Williams, Brown, and Jones. The above-mentioned will
attend the course. ··威廉斯、布朗和琼斯。以上诸位将修此课。
- compare 比较 UNDERMENTIONED
ab·ra·ca.dab.ra /，aebreke`daebre;aebreke'daebre/ n, interj(a
word spoken to help magic to be successful when performing
magic tricks for entertainment)(魔术表演施行法术时所念的)咒
a.brade /e`bred; e'breid/ v [I; T] tech to wear away by hard
rubbing【术语】磨掉
A.bra.ham /ebre haem; 'eibrehaem/ in the Old Testament of the
Bible, a religious leader who is regarded as the person who
established the JEWS as a nation. Abraham was asked by God
to kill his son ISAAC as a human SACRIFICE because he wanted
to test Abraham's faith. Then because Abraham had shown
that he was willing to obey God and kill his own son, a RAM
(=a male sheep) was used instead as a sacrifice.亚伯拉罕〔《圣
经·旧约》中一宗教领袖，相传建立了犹太人的国家。上帝欲试探亚
伯拉罕的信心，便叫他杀死自己的儿子以撒作祭品。后来因为亚伯
拉罕表示愿意服从上帝，结果便以一头公羊替代儿子作为祭品〕
a·bra-sion /e`bre3en; e'brei3an/ n tech 【术语】1 [U] loss of sur-
face by rubbing; wearing away 磨损，磨蚀 2 [C] a place where
the surface, especially of the skin, has been rubbed or worn
away 磨损处；〔皮肤等〕擦伤处： suffering from multiple abra.
sions 多处擦伤
a.bra.sive'/e`bresiv; e'breisiv/ adj1 causing the wearing away
of a surface 磨损的 2 causing annoyance or dislike; rough 招
人讨厌的；粗厉的；生硬的：an abrasive voicelpersonality 粗厉
的声音；粗暴的个性 - ~ly adv
abrasive2n [C; U] a substance, such as sand, used for cleaning,
oolishing, or removing a surface 磨料<砂粒等>
a-breast /e`brest; e'brest/ ady 1 next to one another and facing
the same way 相并，并肩，并排： They were cycling two abreast.
他们两人一排骑行前进。2 keep/be abreast of to know the most
recent facts about 保持与·并列；了解·的最新情况： Read the
papers if you want to keep abreast of the times/of the latest
developments in the news.如果你想跟上时代[了解最新的情况]、
那就请阅读报纸。
a.bridge /e`brid3; e'brid3/ v [T] to make (something written or
spoken) shorter 节略，删节，压缩： the abridged version of 'War
5
absentee vote
and Peace'《战争与和平》的节本 - see also 另见 UNABRIDGEL
a-bridg·ment, abridgement /e`brid3ment; e'brid3ment/n1 [C]
something, such as a book or play, that has been made shorter
节本： an abridgment for radio in five parts 供电台广播用的分
5部分的节本 2 [U] the act of making shorter 节略，缩短
*a-broad /e`brod; e'bro:d/ adv 1 to or in another country or coun-
tries 到国外；在国外： He lived abroad for many years. 他在国
外住了许多年。| Are you going abroad for your holidays?你
打算去国外度假吗？ | products sold both at home and abroad
在国内和国外销售的产品 2 fml over a wide area; everywhere
【正式】到处；广泛 （地） ： The news soon spread abroad. 消息很
快就广泛传开了。3 old use out of doors【旧】在户外，室外： There
was no one abroad so early. 这么早的时候室外没有人
ab.ro·gate /aebre get; 'aebregeit/ v [T] fml to put an end to the
force of【正式】取消，废除： to abrogate a law/a treaty 废除法
律[条约] - -gation /ebre`gefen;aebre'geifen/n[C;U]
a.
brupt /e`brapt; e'brapt/ adj 1 sudden and unexpected 突然
的，出其不意的： The meeting came to an abrupt end. 会议突然
结束了。 an abrupt change of policy/drop in oil prices 政策
突然改变；石油价格突然降低2(of behaviour, character etc) not
wanting to waste time being nice; BRUSQUE〔行为、性格等〕粗
鲁的；莽撞的；无礼的： an abrupt manner 无礼的态度 - ~lv
ady; Our discussion was abruptly curtailed. 我们的讨论突然
给缩短了。- ~ness n[U]
ab·scess /aeb ses; 'aebses/ n a swelling on or in the body where
PUS(=a thick yellowish poisonous liquid) has gathered 脓肿
脓疮
ab.scond /eb`skand; eb'skond/ v [I (from, with)] fml to go
away suddenly and secretly because one has done something
wrong【正式】〔为躲避罪责等〕潜逃，逃匿
ab·seil /`aebsel; 'aebseil/ especially BrE【尤英】‖ usually 一般作
rappel AmE【美】v [I (down)] to descend a steep slope using a
rope〔利用绳索〕下陡坡 - abseil n
*ab.sence /aebsns; 'aebsans/ n 1 [C; U(from)] the state or a
period of being away 不在，缺席： Caroline will be in charge
of the office during my absence.我不在的时候，办公室由卡罗
琳负责。| She took a year's leave of absence (=official pause)
from her job. 她休了一年假。| Jane was conspicuous by her
absence.(=people noticed she was not there)简的缺席引人注
目。| After a long absence, he has returned to doing TV work.
他长期没有露面，现又回来做电视工作了。- opposite 反义词
presence 2 [U (of)] non-existence; lack 缺乏： We were wor.
ried by the absence of definite figures in the report.报告里缺
少具体数字，使我们担心。| In the absence of any further evi-
dence (=because there was none) the police were unable to
solve the murder.由于缺乏更确实的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀
案。3 absence makes the heart grow fonder saying one likes
a person better when one has been away from him/her for a
little time; one forgets the less attractive things about a person
【谚】眼不见，心更念；人不在，情更深
*ab·sent1 /`aebsnt; 'aebsant/ adj 1 [(from)] not present 缺席的.
不在的： How many students are absent (from class) today?
今天有多少学生缺席？2 [A] showing lack of attention 心不在
焉的，漫不经心的： an absent expression on his face 他脸上漫
不经心的表情 3 fml not existing; lacking 【正式】缺乏的： In the
Manx type of cat, the tail is absent.马恩岛猫没有尾巴。-- see
also 另见 ABSENTLY 4 absent friends (a phrase used when
drinking, to show that one is thinking about people who are
not able to be present)为不在场的朋友干杯〔祝酒用语)； I pro-
pose a toas -- absent friends.我们为今天不在这儿的朋友干
一杯。
ab.sent2 /aeb`sent; ab'sent/ v [T (from)] fml to keep (oneself
away【正式】缺席： He absented himself from the meeting.他
没有出席会议。
ab.sen·tee /aebsn`ti; aebsan'ti:/n a person who ought to be
present but stays away 缺席者： There were many absentees
from the meeting. 这次会议有很多人缺席。| an absentee land-
lord(=who does not live near the property he owns)遥领地
主，不住在庄园的地主
absentee bal-lot /，../ n AmE an official paper used to vote
by post when one cannot go to the place where voting is being
done【美】〔选举人因不能前往投票而通过邮寄方式所投的〕缺席选
票
ab·sen·tee·is.m /，aebsn`tiizem;,aebsan'ti:izam/ n [U] regular
absence from work or duty without good cause 经常旷工或旷
课： an industry with a high rate of absenteeism 高旷工率的产
业
absentee vote /..'/ n AmE a vote which is sent by post be
cause one cannot go to the place where voting is being done
【美】〔选举人因不能前往投票而通过邮寄方式所投的〕缺席投票
0005
ab·sen·ti·a/aeb`sentie; aeb'sentie/ n in absentiafml for 【正式】 = in
his/her/their absence 在他[她；他们]缺席的情况下
ab·sent.ly/aebsntli; 'aebsantli/ adv in an absent-minded man-
ner心不在焉地
absent-mind·ed/·.·/ adj too concerned with one's thoughts
to notice what is happening, what one is doing etc; PREOCCU-
PIED 心不在焉的 - ~ly ady - ~ness n [U]____
absent-minded profess.or /.···.'.·/ n a STEREOTYPE of a
university teacher who is usually a fairly old man and is very
clever, but too concerned with his work and ideas to notice or
remember things that are happening around him 〔大学里典型
的一心只想着工作而对其他事情心不在焉的〕健忘的老教授
ab.sinth, absinthe /`aebsin0; 'aebsin0/ n [U] a bitter green very
strong alcoholic drink 苦艾酒
ab·so·lute/`aebse lut; 'aebselu:t/ adj 1 [A] complete; perfect 纯
粹的；绝对的；完全的： a woman of absolute honesty 绝对诚实
的女人| That's absolute nonsense! 这纯粹是胡说（八道） ！ -
see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Intensifying Adjectives 2 [A]
not allowing any doubt 确实的，毫无疑问的： We now have ab-
solute proof of his guilt. 我们现在有他犯罪的确凿证据。3 hav-
ing complete power; without limit 专制的；独裁的；不受限制的：
an absolute ruler 独裁统治者 | The general's power was
absolute.这位将军拥有全权。-- see also_另见 absolutisn 4
not measured by comparison with other things 不与他物比较
而言的；绝对的： In absolute terms, wages have risen, but not
in comparison with the cost of living.从绝对意义上说，工资是
提高了，但同生活费用相比较就不能这样说了。- opposite 反义
词 relative - see also 另见 DECREE ABSOLUTE - ~ness n [U]
ab·so·lute·ly/`aebselutlr; 'aebselu:tli/ ady 1 completely 完全
地： I trust her discretion absolutely,我完全相信她的判断。
It's difficult to cross the desert by car, but not absolutely
impossible.乘小汽车穿过沙漠是有困难，但并非完全不可能。
I'm absolutely starving. (=very hungry)我饿极了。- see 参
见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Gradable and Non-gradable Adiec-
tives 2 infml certainly【非正式】是那样；当然：“Do you think
so?”“Absolutely!”“你认为是这样吗？”“当然！”
USAGE 用法说明 1 Absolutely is often used to give
more strength to following adjectives or verbs which are
already very strong. absolutely 常用来加强跟在它后面的
语气本来已经很强的形容词或动词。Compare 比较：I'm very
hungry （我很饿） and 和 I'm absolutely starving.(我饿极
了)。| I quite like jazz （我相当喜爱爵士音乐） and 和/ ab.
solutely adore pop music.(我对流行音乐简直是着了迷)
2 The adverbs absolutely and altogether are pronounced
/'··/ when they come before the word they describe.当副
词 absolutely 和 altogether 位于其所修饰的词的前面时，
其重音读作 /'··/： I 'absolutely refuse.(我断然拒绝)。
'altogether different(完全不一样)。They are pronounced
../ when they come after the word or when they stand
alone.当它们位于所修饰的词的后面或单独使用时，重音读作
/,· '·/： different ，alto'gether （完全不一样） | ，Abso'lutely!
(当然！)
Absolutely Fab.u.lous/,..'./ a humorous British televi-
sion programme about two women, EDINA Monsoon, a rich
woman who has her own business, and PATSY Stone, who live
in London and are always trying to prove that they are very
fashionable. Although they are MIDDLE-AGED, they do not be-
have like responsible adults. Instead, they drink too much, take
drugs, and spend a lot of money.《妙不可言》〔英国电视喜剧。
剧中描写两位女士—做生意的埃迪纳·蒙顺和住在伦敦的女士
帕齐·斯通。她们试图证明自己是非常时髦的。尽管人到中年，她
们的行为仍不像有责任心的成年人。相反，她们酗酒、吸毒，并且
滥用金钱〕
absolute mon.ar.chy/,.../n a state ruled by a king or queen
whose power is not limited by any system of laws 专制君主
国，君主专制政体 - compare 比较 CONSTITUTIONAL MONAR
CHY
absolute ze.ro/.. ·/ n [U] the lowest temperature that is
thought to be possible 绝对零度
ab·so·lu·tion/,ebse`lufen;aebse'lu:fan/ n [U] (especially in
the Christian religion) forgiveness for a SIN. A priest declares
that a person is forgiven, and the person is then freed from
guilt for the sin.〔尤用于基督教〕赦罪，免罪〔在基督教里，如果牧
师说一个人得到了原谅，那么这个人就是被免罪了)：to grant
someone absolution 赦免某人的罪 - see also 另见 ABSOLVE
ab.so.lut·is.m/`aebselut,izem; 'aebselu:tizam/ n [U] a political
ystem or principle in which unlimited power is held by one
ruler 专制主义（制度）；独裁政治
ab·solve/aeb`salv; eb'zolv/v [T] 1 [(of, from)] to free (someone)
from fulfilling a promise or from having to suffer for wrong-
doing 免除〔履行诺言或承担责任等)；开脱〔罪责〕2(especially
of a priest) to forgive (a person) for doing wrong 〔尤指教士)宽
恕〔某人的错误〕
ab·sorb/eb`sorb; eb'so:b/ v [T] 1 to take or suck (especially
liquids) in, especially gradually 吸收（尤指液体）： Salt absorbs
moisture from the air. 盐吸收空气中的水分。| The walls of
the house absorb heat during the day.房屋的墙白天吸热。
(fig.喻) So many new ideas! It's all rather too much for
me to absorb all at once.这么多的新主意！多得我一下吸收不
了。 (fig.喻) Defence spending absorbs almost 20% of the
country's money.军费开支花去了这个国家几乎20%的钱。-
see also 另见 SHOCK ABSORBER 2 [(in) usually pass. 一般用于
被动语态] to completely fill the attention of; ENGROSS 吸引〔注
意)；使专心，使全神贯注： I was absorbed in a book and didn't
hear you call.我（当时）正专心读一本书，没有听见你叫我。-
see also 另见 ABSORBING 3 [(into)] (of a country or
organization) to make (a smaller country or organization) into
a part of itself; gain control over 并入；并吞： The company has
gradually absorbed its smaller rivals.该公司逐步地并吞了
些比它小的竞争对手。- -sorption /-`sorpfen; -'so:pfan/n[U
(in, into, by)]: his complete absorption in his work 他对工作
的极端专注| the absorption of a small company into a larger
one小公司并入大公司
ab.sor-bent/eb`sorbent; eb'so:bent/ n, adj (something) that is
able to absorb 有吸收能力的（东西）；吸收剂： to put an absor-
bent dressing on a cut 在伤口上敷上吸水性敷料
ab.sorb.ing/eb`sorbin; eb'so:bin/ adj taking all one's attention;
very interesting 非常吸引人的，引人入胜的： an absorbing task
很吸引人的任务
ab.stain/eb`sten; eb'stein/ v [I (from)] 1 to intentionally not
use one's vote 弃权： Five members voted for the proposal
twelve voted against, and three abstained.对于这项建议，5人
投票赞成，12人反对，3人弃权。2 to keep oneself from doing
something that one enjoys 戒除；避免，避开： to abstain from
smoking 戒烟 -- see also 另见 ABSTENTION - ~er n
ab.ste.mi.ous/aeb`stimies; eb'sti:mies/ adj allowing (oneself)
only a little food, drink, or pleasure节俭的；有节制的，克制的：
an abstemious meal 节俭的一餐 | You're being very abste-
mious today! 你今天真够节省的！ - ~ly ady - ~ness n [U]
ab.sten·tion/aeb`stenfen; eb'stenfan/ n [C; U (from)] the act
or an example of abstaining, especially from voting 戒除；避
免；弃权： 50 votes for, 35 against, and 7 abstentions 50票赞
成，35票反对，7票弃权
ab·sti·nence /`aebstenens; 'aebstnens/ n [U (from)] the act of
keeping away from pleasant things, especially from alcoholic
drink 节制，禁欲；戒酒： enforced abstinence 强迫戒酒 - -nent
adj
ab stract /ab straekt:aebstraekt/adi 1existing as a quality or
CONCEPT rather than as something real or solid 抽象的： Beauty
is abstract but a house is not.美是抽象的，而房屋不是抽象的。
- compare 比较 CONCRETE'(1)2 general as opposed to par-
ticular 理论上的；非实际的； an abstract discussion of the crime
problem, without reference to actual cases 对犯罪问题作理论
上的探讨，不联系实际案例3(in art, said of paintings, draw.
ings etc)not trying to show things as they would be seen by a
camera〔艺术〕抽象派的 - compare 比较 REPRESENTATIONAL
abstract2n 1 an abstract painting, drawing, or other work of
art 抽象派艺术作品 2 [(of)] a shortened form of a statement.
speech etc 摘要，概括 3 in the abstractin general; not related
to particular examples or practical experience 就一般而言；抽
象地；在理论上
ab.stract3/aeb`straekt; ab'straekt/v [T (from)] 1 to make a short
ened form of (a statement, speech etc) by separating out what
is important 摘录，节录 2 euph to steal【婉】窃取
0006
ab-stract·ed /aeb`straektid; eb'straektd/ adj not noticing what
is happening; deep in thought 心不在焉的；出神的 - ~ly adv
Abstract Expres.sion·is.m /...'·./ a style of painting that
developed in New York in the late 1940s. It shows shapes and
patterns which do not look like real things or people, but are
intended to express emotions. It was practised by artists such
as Jackson POLLOCK and Willem DE KOONING,抽象表现派，抽
象表现主义〔20世纪40年代末在纽约兴起的一种绘画风格，所表
现的不是真人、真物而是某种情感。杰克逊·波洛克、威廉·德·库
宁等都是抽象表现主义画家)
ab·strac·tion /aeb`straekfen; ob'straekfan/ n 1 [U] the state of
not noticing what is happening; being ABSENT-MINDED心不在
焉；出神： a look of abstraction 心不在焉的样子 2 [C] an idea
of a quality considered separately from any particular object
or case 抽象观念，抽象概念： A good judge must consider the
actual facts of a case as well as the abstraction ‘justice'.优
秀的法官除了考虑抽象的“公正”概念外，必须同时考虑实际的案
情。
abstract noun /··'/ n a word that names a quality, state, or
action 抽象名词： 'Hunger' and 'beauty' are examples of ab-
stract nouns.“hunger”和“beauty”是典型的抽象名词。
ab·struse /eb`strus; ab'stru:s/ adj fml difficult to understand
【正式】深奥的，难懂的： an abstruse theory 深奥的理论 - ~ness
n[U]
ab·surd /eb`s3d; ab's3:d/ adj against reason or common sense:
clearly false or foolish; RIDICULOUS 荒谬的，不合理的，愚蠢的
可笑的： It's (patently) absurd not to wear a coat in such cold
weather.这么冷的天气不穿外衣，真是荒唐。| He looks absurd
in that hat! 他戴着那顶帽子看起来真可笑！ - ~ly adv: an ab
surdly overpriced hotel 收费高得荒唐的旅馆 - ~ity /eb`se-deti
ob's3:dati/n [C; U]: We had to laugh at the absurdity of the
situation.对这种荒唐的境况,我们不由得发笑。
Absurd, the also 又作 the Theatre of the Absurd n a style of
play for the theatre that was developed in the 1950s by writers
such as BECKETT and IONESCO, whose work expresses the be-
lief that there is no God, and that human existence has no mean-
ing or purpose. These plays are very different from traditional
theatre. The characters do not communicate effectively with
each other, and often their words do not make sense. Waiting
for Godot is the best known example of this type of theatre.荒
诞派戏剧〔20世纪50年代由剧作家贝克特和尤内斯库等创立的一
种戏剧风格。荒诞派戏剧作品所表达的思想是世上不存在上帝，而
人类的存在毫无意义也毫无目的。这些戏剧与传统作品大相径庭
剧中人物之间难以沟通，而且他们的话语空洞无聊。《等待戈多》
是这种戏剧最广为人知的代表作)- Absurdist adi
ABTA /`aebte; 'aebte/ abbrev. for 缩写= the Association of Brit
ish Travel Agents; an organization of travel agencies (TRAVEL
AGENCY) and holiday companies in the UK. Members of ABTA
promise to treat their customers fairly and to give them their
money back if their holiday is cancelled （ CANCEL) or if they
have problems with their hotels, plane journeys etc.英国旅行
社协会〔由英国旅行社和假日旅游公司组成的一个组织。协会会员
作出承诺，保证以公正诚信的态度为客户提供服务，如遇旅游被取
消或旅客投诉宾馆、航班等情况，旅行社将全额退款
Ab.u Dha.bi /abu `dabr; aebu: 'da:bi/ 1 the largest EMIRATE
of the United Arab Emirates 阿布扎比〔阿拉伯联合酋长国中最
大的酋长国)2 the capital city of the United Arab Emirates阿
布扎比〔阿拉伯联合酋长国的首都〕
a.bun.dance /e`bvndens; e'bvndens/ n [S (of); U] a great
quantity; plenty 充裕，丰富： At the party there was food and
drinkin abundance.聚餐会上食品和饮料都很丰富。」 The
country has an abundance of skilled workers, but not enough
jobs.这个国家有很多熟练工人，但工作职位不够。
a.bun.dant /e`bvndent; e'bvndent/ adj more than enough; PLEN-
TIFUL 丰富的，充裕的： The country has abundant supplies of
oil and gas.这个国家的石油和天然气供应非常充足。- ~ly ady
She made itabundantly clear(=very clear) that she wanted
me to leave.她非常清楚地表示，她要我离开
Ab.u Ni.dal /abu ni`dal; aebu: ni:'dael/ (1937-)the leader of
a Palestinian TERRORIST organization which is also called Abu
Nidal. Abu Nidal terrorists have attacked airports, planes, buses.
public buildings etc, sometimes using SUICIDE BOMBERS
(=people who hide bombs on themselves and kill themselves
and others by exploding them).阿布·尼达尔〔(1937-)，巴勒
斯坦一恐怖组织阿布尼代尔的头目。该恐怖组织成员袭击机场、飞
机、公共汽车、公共建筑物等等，有时还由活人携带炸弹（自杀式炸
弹)执行任务〕
a-buse' /e`bjuz; e'bju:z/ v [T] 1 to say unkind, cruel, or rude
things to or about 辱骂： She abused him roundly for his neglect
他因疏忽而被她痛骂了一顿。2 to put to wrong use; use badly,
especially for one's own advantage 滥用，妄用： to abuse one's
power 滥用职权 - see 参见 MISUSE (USAGE) 3 to treat
(someone, especially a child) in a cruel or immoral way 虐待，
残害〔某人，尤指儿童)： The child had been sexually abused.
这孩子曾遭性虐待。4 to physically hurt〔肉体上〕虐待：He
abuses his wife.他虐待妻子
a.buse2/e`bius:e'bju:s/n1 [U] unkind. cruel. or rude words刻
薄的话；谩骂： He greeted me with astream of abuse . 一见面，
他就骂了我一顿。| a term of abuse 骂人话 | foul-mouthed
abuse 下流的谩骂 2 [C; U] wrong use 滥用，妄用：I'm afraid
the system is open to abuse. 恐怕这个制度容易使人滥用职权。|
the abuse of powerlof drugs 滥用权力 [药物] 3 [C] an unjust
or harmful custom 陋习；弊端 4 [U] bad or cruel treatment.
especially of children〔尤指对儿童的)虐待： hundreds of chil-
dren at risk from abuse 许许多多的儿童有被虐待的危险 - see
also 另见 CHILD ABUSE
Abu Sim.bel /，abu `simbl; aebu: 'simbal/ a village in southerr
Egypt next to the River Nile, famous for its ancient rock
TEMPLES (=holy buildings) that were built around 1250 BC阿
布辛拜勒（村）〔位于埃及南部尼罗河旁。因有建于公元前约1250
年左右的古石庙而著称〕
a.bu.sive /e`bjusiv; e'bju:siv/ adj using or containing unkind.
cruel, or rude language 骂人的；辱骂性的： an abusive letter
person 骂人的信[人] - ~ly ady - ~ness n [U]
a.but /e`bvt; e'bvt/ v
abut on sthg. phr v-tt- [T no pass.无被动语态] fml (of land
or buildings) to lie next to or touch on one side【正式】〔土地、
房屋等〕邻接，毗邻： Their garden abuts on ours. 他们的园子紧
挨着我们的园子。
a.but·ment /e`batment; e'bvtment/ n a support, especially one
on which a bridge or arch rests 桥墩，桥台：支座，拱座
a.bys·mal /e`bizml; e`bizmal/ adj very bad 很坏的： The food
was abysmal. 食品糟透了。| abysmal weather 恶劣的天气
a-byss /e`bis; e'bis/ n a deep bottomless hole 深渊： (fig.喻) ar
abyss of despair 绝望的深渊
Ab.vs.sin.i.a /，aebe`sinie; aeb'sinie/ the former name for
ETHIOPIA 阿比西尼亚〔埃塞俄比亚的旧称) - Abyssinian n, adj
a/c /e `si;ei 'si:/ also 又作 A/C - written abbrev. for 缩写=
ACCOUNT1(2-5)
AC 1 abbrev. for 缩写= ALTERNATING CURRENT - compare 比
较 DC;see also 另见 AC/DC 2 AmE infml AIR-CONDITIONING
【美，非正式】空调系统：I'm going to turn on the AC.我要把空
调打开。
a.ca.cia /e`kefe; e'keife/ n -cias or-cia a mainly tropical tree
from which GUM2 (1) is obtained 金合欢属植物〔尤指阿拉伯胶
树〕
Acacia Av.e·nue /·.·/ BrE (used especially in newspapers)
the name of an imaginary street that is thought of as a typical
SUBURBAN street in the UK. It represents a place where ordi-
nary families live in a traditional way.【英】阿卡恰大街〔一虚构
的街名，常出现在报章上。它被认为是英国典型的市郊街道。在那
里，普通家庭过着传统的生活〕
Ac·a·deme /aeke`dim; 'aekedi:m/ also 又作 the groves of Aca-
deme a humorous expression meaning the life of a student or
teacher at a university, when this is thought of as being very
quiet and not affected by the problems of ordinary life 象牙塔：
(大学里的)安逸生活
ac.a.de·mi·a /，eke`dimie;,eke'di:mie/ n [U] the world of
education,especially universities 学术界，〔尤指〕大学：Profes-
sor James had been living in academia for too long to ever
be successful in the business world.詹姆士教授久居象牙塔，
已无望在商界中取得成功
ac.a.dem.ic'/,eke`dmik;,eke'demik/ adj 1 concerning
education, especially college or university level 〔大专院校〕教
学（上）的；大学的：They publish academic books. 他们出版大
学用书。2 being or based on subjects that are taught to de-
velop the mind rather than to provide practical skills 学术性的：
academic studies 学术研究 - compare 比较 TECHNICAL (1，
2)3 not related to practical situations; THEORETICAL 不实际
的；理论上的： Where we ought to go for our holidays is a purely
academic question because we can't afford a holiday at all!
我们应该到何处去度假纯粹是个理论上的问题，因为我们根本没钱
度假！ - ~ally /-kli; -kli/ ady; children who do well academi-
cally(=in academic subjects)学习成绩好的儿童
academic2n 1 a college or university teacher. In Britain and
the US, academics are sometimes criticized as being people
who think only about ideas and theories (THEORY), but do not
know very much about the real world or real problems.大学教
师〔在英美两国，大学教师有时被批评为只顾思想理论而对现实世
界和现实问题知之甚少的人〕2 someone who looks at things in
0007
an ACADEMIC1(2)way 学者：学究
academic free.dom /.../ n [U] the freedom of students
teachers, and educational institutions to express and study any
ideas that they want to 学术自由〔指学生，教师以及教育机构表
达并研究任何思想的自由〕
a.cad·e·mi·cian /e kaede`mifen; e kaede'mifan/ n a member of
an academy 院士；学会会员
academic year /·· '·/ BrE【英】‖ school year AmE【美】-- n
the period of a year in which school, college, or university
courses run. In Britain and the US the academic year usually
begins in September or October and ends in June or July, with
holidays at Christmas and Easter. Some schools in the US run
year round (=all year) with several shorter holidays instead
of the long break during the summer,学年〔在英美国家通常9
10月份开始，6、7月份结束，其中圣诞节和复活节放假。在美国有
些学校全年上课，中间只有几个时间较短的假期，暑期没有长假
a.cad·e·my /e`kaedemi; e'kaedemi/ n (often cap. as part of a
name 词首常用大写字母作为专用名称)1 a society of people
interested in the advancement of art, science, or literature, to
which members are usually elected as an honour 研究院；学会：
the Hungarian Academy of Science 匈牙利科学院 2 a schoo
for training in a special art or skill专科院校； a military acad
emy 陆军军官学校；军事学院 」 an academy of music 音乐学院
Academy A·ward /···'·/ n an OSCAR 学院奖〔即奥斯卡金像
奖]
A.ca.di.a /e`kedie; e'keidie/ an area in North America where
French people went to live in the 17th century, consisting of
land that now belongs to Maine in the US and to Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and part of Quebec in
Canada. The name CAJUN, comes from the word 'Acadian'
meaning someone from this place.阿卡迪亚〔位于北美洲，17
世纪法国人来此定居，包括现在美国的缅因州、加拿大的新斯科舍
省、新不伦瑞克省、爱德华王子岛以及魁北克省的部分地区
Cajun 一词来源于 Acadian,即阿卡迪亚人
a cap·pel·la, a capella /，a kae`pale;ae kae'pele/ ady, adi It (of
singing)without musical instruments【意】〔指唱歌时〕无乐器伴
奏地 [的]： She stood up and sang a cappella.她站起来清唱了
一首歌
Ac.a.pul.co /ake`pulko;eke'pulkeu/ a city on the west coast
of Mexico, known as a popular place for holidays 阿卡普尔科
墨西哥西海岸城市，是著名的度假胜地
ACAS /ekaes; 'eikaes/ abbrev. for 缩写=Advisory Conciliatior
and Arbitration Service; a British organization that tries to end
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES(=disagreements about pay, conditions
at work etc) between the management of a business and its
vorkers, who are usually represented by a TRADE UNION 咨询
调解仲裁处〔英国一机构，负责协助解决劳资纠纷。劳方常由工会
代表〕
ac·cede /aek`sid; ek'si:d/ v [I (to)] fml 【正式】1 to agree to a
suggestion, plan, demand etc, often after first disagreeing〔常
为先不同意而以后)同意，应允，答应； In the end she acceded to
our request. 最后她终于答应了我们的要求。2 to take a high
post or position after someone has left it 继任，就职，即位 3to
join a group of people, countries etc in an agreement加入
see also 另见 ACCESSION
ac-cel-e-rate /aek`sale ret; ek'selereit/v1 [I: T] to (cause to) move
faster （使）加快；加速 - opposite 反义词 decelerate 2 [T] fml
o cause to happen faster or earlier than expected【正式】使加
快；促进；使提前：accelerated promotion 提前晋升」economic
policies that have accelerated the decline of manufacturing
industry 加快了制造业衰落的经济政策
ac.cel·e·ra·tion /aek sele`refen;ek sele'reifan/ n [U] (the rate
of) increasing speed 加速（率）： a car with good acceleratior
加速性能良好的汽车
ac·cel·e·ra·tor /aek`sale rete;ek'selereite/n1 also 又作 gas
pedal AmE【美】 - the instrument in a machine or vehicle
(especially a car) which is used to increase its speed 加速器.
加速装置；油门： He put his foot down hard on the accelerator
他用劲踩油门踏板。2 tech【术语】‖also 又作 atom smasher
AmE infml 【美，非正式】 a machine for making PARTICLES(=very
small pieces of matter) move very quickly 粒子加速器
ac.cent1 /aeksent; 'aeksant/ n 1 a particular way of speaking
usually connected with a country, area, or social class 口音；乡
音；腔调：He speaks English with a strong German accent.他
说英语带有浓重的德国口音。| Where are you from? I can't
place(=recognize) your accent.你是什么地方人？我听不出你
的口音。- compare 比较 DIALECT 2 [(on)] importance given
to a word or part of a word by saying it with more force or on
a different musical note 重音： The accent in the word 'impor:
tant' is on the second syllable.“important”这个词的重音在第
二个音节上。3 a mark used in writing or printing, especially
above a word or part of a word, to show what kind of sound is
needed when it is spoken 读音符号； In French there are three
possible accents on the vowel‘e'.法语母音“e”上可以标三种
读音符号。| an acute accent 锐重音符号 4 [(on) usually sing.
般用单数] particular importance or interest, an EMPHASIS(着)
重点，强调：The accent (of the report) is on safety.(报告的)重
点是安全。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In both the US and the
UK, people have different accents according to the part of
the country they come from. In the UK there is a greater
variety of accents than in the US, and most British people
can recognize which part of the UK someone comes from
according to their accent. Accents are also affected by a
person's education, and they often show, especially in the
UK, the social class that someone belongs to.在英美两国
不同地方的人都有不同的口音。英国的地方口音要比美国多
大部分英国人能从口音判断出一个人的家乡在哪里。此外，口
音还受个人教育程度的影响，尤其是在英国、口音常常能显示
出一个人的社会阶层。
Accents on radio and television RP(=Received Pro
nunciation) is the accent that is traditionally used by
MIDDLE-CLASS educated people from the South of England
In the past, almost all the broadcasters, actors etc who fea-
tured on the BBC spoke with this accent, and it is some-
times called 'BBC English', but now most types of accent
can be heard on radio and television. The standard accent
used in US radio and television news broadcasts is based
on accents from the Midwest.广播及电视上的口音：所谓标
准发音是指英格兰南部受过教育的中产阶级的口音。过去，几
乎所有的英国广播公司播音员、演员都使用标准发音。有时，
我们亦称之为“BBC英语”。但现在，广播及电视中能听到各
种口音。在美国，广播及电视中播送新闻时使用的标准发音是
以中西部口音为基础的。
ac.cent2 /aek`sent; ak'sent/ v [T] 1 to pronounce (a word or a
part of a word) with an ACCENT' (2)重读 2 to mark (a written
word)with an ACCENT'(3)给〔字等)标读音符号 3 to direct
attention to; accentuate 注重，着重；强调，突出： A red belt ac-
cents the colour in her dress. 红色腰带突出了她的连衣裙的颜
色。| French herbs accent the flavour of the meat. 法国香草
使肉更香
ac.cen·tu·ate /ek`sentfu.et; ek'sentfueit/ v [T] 1 to direct at-
tention to; EMPHASIZE 使突出；强调；着重指出： The dark frame
accentuates the brightness of the picture.深色画框更显出画
的明亮色彩。2 to pronounce with great force 重读 - -ation
/aek,sentfu`efen; ek sentfu'eifan/n [C; U]
*ac.cept /ok`sapt; ok'sept/ v1 [I; T] to take or receive (something
offered or given), especially willingly(尤指情愿地〕收受，接受
The police aren't allowed to accept rewards.警察是禁止接受
酬金的。 He asked her to marry him and she accepted (his
offer).他向她求婚，她接受了。2 [T] to take or receive as satis-
factory or reasonable, often unwillingly 承认，认可〔但常带不
情愿和勉强之意)： The company did not accept the report's
criticisms.该公司不接受报告中提出的各种批评。| Did she
accept your reasons for being late?她认可了你迟到的理由
吗?| He accepted her apology very graciously.他宽容地接
受了她的道歉。} They accepted responsibility for the accident
他们承认了对这次事故应负的责任。| The work force has re-
luctantly agreed to accept a cut in pay.劳方勉强同意减薪。
3 [T] to recognize as being true or right 承认··（为真实或正
确)；相信： For a long time she could not accept the fact of
her husband's death,她很长时间都不相信丈夫已经死了这一事
实。|I'm sorry, but I can't accept that.很抱歉，但我不能相信
这话。|[+that] It is generally accepted that smoking causes
bad health.吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。| accepted prin
ciples of behaviour公认的行为准则 -- see_参见 refuse
(USAGE)
*ac.cep.ta.ble /ek`saptebl; ek'septebal/ adj 1 good enough; sat-
isfactory 合意的，令人满意的： This standard of work is not
acceptable; do it again,这样的工作水准是不能令人满意的，重
新做过。2 that can be allowed; TOLERABLE可允许的；可忍受
的：an acceptable level of inflation 可接受的通货膨胀幅度|
an acceptable risk 可承受的风险 | behaviour that is not so
cially acceptable 社会所不允许的行为 - opposite 反义词 un.
acceptable 3 worth receiving; welcome 值得接受的；受欢迎
的： an acceptable gift称心的礼品 - -bly adv - -bility /ek,sapte-
bileti; ek,septe'bilti/ n [U]
ac.cept·ance /ek`saptens; ak'septens/ n [C; U] 1 the act of ac-
0008
cepting or being accepted 接受；收受；承认；认可 2 favour; ap
proval 赞同，赞成： to gain acceptance for one's ideas 使自己
的想法获得赞同 3 (in business) an agreement to pay 〔商业上)
承兑〔票据等〕
ac.cess1 /`akses; 'aekses/ n 1 [U (to)] means of entering; way
in; entrance 进入；入口： The only means of access to the build-
ing is along a muddy track. 进入这座建筑物的惟一通道是一条
泥泞的小路。2 [U(to)] means or right of using, reaching, or
obtaining 取得 [接近]的方法 [权利等]： Students need easy ac
cess to books. 要使学生借阅方便。| My ex-husband has access
to the children at weekends. (=is allowed to see them then)我
的前夫有权在周末同孩子在一起。3 [C+of] lit or old use a sud-
den attack, as of anger or a disease【文或旧】〔疾病、情绪等的]
发作 4 easy/difficult of access easy/difficult to reach 容易[难
于]接近
access2v [T] to obtain (stored information) from a computer's
memory〔电子计算机〕存取〔数据等〕
Access /'·/ trademark a type of CREDIT CARD in the UK which
is now known as MASTERCARD【商标】“便捷”信用卡〔英国的
种信用卡，现名为“万事达”信用卡
ac.ces.si·ble /aek`sasebl; ek'sesbal/ adj [(to, by)] 1 easy to
reach, enter, or obtain 容易达到的：易接近的：易取得的：The
island is accessible only by boat. 这岛只有乘小艇才能去。-
opposite 反义词 inaccessible 2 easy and friendly to speak to
随和的；容易接近的：A manager should be accessible to his
her staff. 经理应该让职员感到平易近人。3 in a form that is easy
to understand 容易理解的，好懂的： The information ought to
be made more accessible.资料应该 （整理得） 明白易懂。-- -bility
aek sese`bileti; ek ses'bilati/n [U]
ac·ces·sion /aek`sfen; ek'sefan/ n fml【正式]1 [U (to)] the act
of acceding (ACCEDE) or coming to a high position 〔高官阶的)
就职，就任，即位： the Oueen's accession to the throne 女王的
即位 - compare 比较SUCCESSION(3)2 [C; U (to)] (an) addi
tion to a group or collection 增加；增加物； an important new
accession of scientific books to the library图书馆新增加的一
批科学书籍3[C;U(to)] agreement, especially to a demand
〔尤指对要求的〕同意
ac·ces·so·ry /aek`seseri; ek'seseri/ n 1 [usually pl. 一般用复数
something which is not a necessary part of something larger
but which makes it more useful, effective etc 附件，附属品； car
accessories including the roof rack and radio 包括车顶行李
架和无线电在内的汽车附件 2 [usually pl.一般用复数] the bag.
shoes etc, that complete a woman's clothes; a formal word
usually used to describe fashion clothes 〔妇女全套衣饰中的〕
小配件〔如提包、鞋等。正式用词，一般用于指时装)：a black dress
with matching accessories 黑色女服，并有相配的装饰品 3[C
also 又作 accessary - law a person who is not present at a
crime but who helps someone else in doing it, either before the
crime(accessory before the fact)or afterwards (accessory
after the fact)【律】〔事前或事后协助犯罪的〕同谋，从犯，帮凶
an accessory to murder 谋杀案的同谋犯
access time /'/ n [U] tech the time taken by a computer to
find and use a piece of information in its memory; the length
of time between asking the computer for information and get
ting it【术语】〔电子计算机的〕存取时间：取数时间
ac.ci·dence /aeksedens; 'aeksdans/n [U] tech the rules of gram
mar which are concerned with changes in the form of words
(their INFLECTION) according to their use in a sentence, as ir
sing, sang, sung or in body, bodies【术语】〔语法中的〕词形变
化规则，词法
ac.ci·dent /aeksedent; 'aeksdant/ n 1 something, especially
something unpleasant or damaging, that happens unexpectedly
or by chance 事故，意外事件： I'm afraid I had an accident in
the kitchen and broke all the glasses. 对不起我在厨房里闯了
个祸，把玻璃杯全打碎了。| a bad/serious/fatal accident on the
motorway 高速公路上的恶性车祸 - see also 另见 CHAPTER
OF ACCIDENTS 2 something that happened that was not inten-
tional and so cannot be blamed on anyone 意外的事情〔因而不
能责怪任何人)： I didn't break it on purpose, Mum, it was an
accident!我不是故意打破它的，妈妈，这全是意外！|He swears
i was an accident,他发誓说这是个意外。 3 by accide by
chance 偶然，意外地： I met her purely by accident. 我遇见她纯
属偶然。| The trip was a success, but more by accident than
design.(=not because of good planning)这次旅行成功完全是
偶然的，不是预先计划的。4 by accident of by the chance or
fortune of 因为·的机会；由于·的运气： wealthy by accident
of birth 碰巧生在有钱人家而富有 5 accidents will happen say-
ing a phrase used when there has been an accident, meaning
that it is impossible to avoid them and so not worth worrying
about them【谚】天意注定，在所难免；人不保死，车不保翻
ac.ci·den.tal /ekse`dentl;aeks'dentl/ adj happening by
chance, not by plan or intention 偶然的，意外的，碰巧的-~ly
adv: She walked past and spilled my drink, accidentally on
purpose. (=she pretended that it was an accident, but really
she did it on purpose)她从我身边走过，装作不小心的样子弄洒
了我的饮料。
accidental death /·.'/ n law one of the VERDICTS possible
at a British INQUEST trying to discover the cause of someone's
death【律】意外死亡
accident-prone /'·. / adj (of a person) more likely to have
accidents than most people〔人〕易遭遇意外的
ac.claim' /e`klem; e'kleim/ v [T (as)] to greet with approval:
publicly recognize 欢迎，欢呼；拥戴： The new drug has been
acclaimed as the most important discovery for years.这种新
药很受欢迎，被认为是近年来最重要的发明。| [+obj+n] They
acclaimed him their leader.他们拥戴他为领袖。
acclaim2n [U] strong expressions of approval and praise 欢呼
喝彩： The book received considerable critical acclaim. 这本
书得到评论界不少的赞扬
ac·cla·ma·tion /aekle`mefen;aekle'meifan/ n [C; U] fml loud
expressions of approval or welcome【正式】高声的欢呼；喝彩
ac.cli.ma.tize also 作-tise BrE【英】/e`klaime taiz:
e'klaimetaiz/ also 又作 ac·cli·mate /e`klaimit; e'klaimet/ AmE
【美】- v[I; T(to)] to (cause to) become used to the condi-
tions of weather in a new part of the world(使)适应气候
(使)服水土： We lived in Africa for five years, but we never
really got acclimatized (to the hot weather),我们在非洲生
活了五年，但始终没能适应（那里的炎热天气）。|(fig.喻)He
can't acclimatize (himself) to working at night.他不习惯夜
间工作。--tization /e,klaimete`zefen;e,klaimetai'zeifen/n
[U]
ac.cliv.i·ty /e`klivetr; e`klivti/ n fml or tech an upward slope
【正式或术语】向上的斜坡，上斜 - compare 比较 DECLIVITY
ac.co.lade /eke`led; 'ekeleid/n strong praise and approval嘉
奖，赞颂，称颂：The film received/won accolades from all the
critics.这部影片受到/赢得了影评家的一致赞扬。
ac·com·mo·date /e`kame,det;e'komedeit/v[T] fml【正式】
1 to provide with a place in which to live or stay向··提供住
宿 2 to have enough space for 容纳： Are there enough shelves
to accommodate all our books?有足够的书架容纳我们所有
的书吗？3 to make changes that take account of the wishes or
demands of 迎合；迁就： The union has made every possible
effort to accommodate the management. 工会极力迁就资方。
4 [(to)] to change (especially oneself) to fit new conditions
适应，顺应 5[(with)] to supply with something that is needed.
especially money 供给，向··提供〔金钱等)： He asked his uncle
to accommodate him till his pay cheque arrived. 他请求叔叔
在他收到薪金支票前先资助一下他
ac.com.mo.dat.ing /e`kame detin; e'komedeitin/ adj fml
apprec willing to help or make changes to suit new conditions;
OBLIGING【正式，褒】随和的，乐于助人的 - ~ly adv
ac.com·mo.da·tion /e,kame`defen;e.kome'deifan/n 1 [U] a
place to live or work in; house, flat, hotel room etc 住处；住所
房： The travel agent fixed uplarranged our accommodation
旅行社给我们安排了住处。|office accommodation 办公用房|
the high cost of rented accommodation in London 伦敦房租
的昂贵 2 [C; U] fml the settling of a disagreement 【正式】和解：
efforts to come tolreach an accommodation with the US over
imports 为在进口货物方面同美国达成和解所作的努力
accommodation a.gen.cy /·..·./n (in Britain) an organi-
zation which finds houses and flats for people to rent, in return
for payment〔英国的)租房中介机构
ac.com·mo.da·tions /ekame`defenz; e.kpme'deifanz/n[P]
AmE【美】1 lodging, food, and services 膳宿（供应）；接待 2 a
seat or place to sleep, especially on a boat or train〔车、船上的〕
座位；舱房： tourist accommodations on a boat 船上的客舱
ac.com·pa.ni·ment /e`kvmpeniment; e'kvmpaniment/ n [(to)]
1 something which is used or provided with something else.
especially in order to improve it 伴随物，附属物： A green salad
makes a good accompaniment to this dish.一碟生拌凉菜是这
道菜的上好配菜。2 music played at the same time as singing
or another instrument （歌唱等的）伴奏： to play a piano accom-
paniment 弹钢琴伴奏 | (fig.喻) The election results were
announced to the accompaniment of loud cheering.在一片
欢呼声中宣布了选举结果
ac.com·pa·nist /e`kmpenist; e'kmpanst/n a person who
plays a musical accompaniment 伴奏者
ac.com·pa.ny /e`kvmpeni; e'kvmpani/v [T] 1 rather fml to go
with, especially on a journey 【较正式】陪伴，陪同： Let me ac-
company you to your hotel. 我陪你一起回旅馆吧。2 to exist or
0009
appear at the same time or same place as 带有，配有，伴随：A
series of colour photographs accompanies the text.文章配有
一系列彩色照片。3 to play a musical accompaniment for 为·
伴奏 - see also 另见 UNACCOMPANIED
ac.com.plice /e`kamplis; e'kvmpls/ n a person who helps an-
other person to do wrong; usually a criminal 同谋，同犯，从犯，
帮凶： The kidnapper must have had an accomplice. 这个绑匪
肯定有同谋。
ac.com.plish /e`kamplif; e'kvmplif/v [T] to succeed in doing;
finish successfully; ACHIEVE 完成〔任务等)；做成功： She's ac-
complished a great deal in the last few weeks.在过去几周里
她完成了相当多的工作。| I don't feel our visit really accom-
plished anything.我觉得我们的访问真的没什么成效
ac.com·plished /e`kamplift; e'kvmplift/ adj skilled; good at
something, especially something artistic 有才艺的；有（艺术）
造诣的： an accomplished singer 有造诣的演唱家
ac.com·plish-ment /e`kamplifment;e'kvmplifment/ n 1 [C]
a skill; something in which one is accomplished 才艺，才能：
Being able to play the piano well is one of his many accom-
plishments.钢琴弹得好是他的许多才能中的一种。2 [U] the act
of accomplishing or finishing work completely and success-
fully 成就；完成，实现 3 [C] something accomplished; achieve-
ment 完成的事；取得的成就： This is the first house I've ever
built —- what an accomplishment (it is)! 这是我造的第一栋房
子—真是了不起的一项成就！
ac·cord1/e`kord; e'ko:d/ n 1 [C; U](with)] fml (an) agreement
【正式】一致；符合： The two sides are completely in accord
(with each other) on this matter.双方在这个问题上意见完全
一致。2 of one's own accord without being asked or ordered
自愿地；主动地： The children went to bed of their own accord,
because they were so tired. 孩子们自己上床睡觉了，因为他们
已经很疲倦。3with one accord with everyone expressing their
agreement at the same time, either in words or in actions 一致
地
accord2ν fml【正式】1 [I (with)] to be the same (as); agree 符
合；一致： What you have just said does not accord with what
you told us yesterday.你刚才说的同你昨天告诉我们的不一样。
2 [T+obj(i)+obj(d)] to give or allow 给予： She was accorded
a tremendous welcome at the party conference.在党的会议上
她受到热烈的欢迎
*ac.cord.ance /e`kordns; e'ko:dans/ nin accordance with in a
way that fulfils or agrees with 按照，依照；与·一致： In accord-
ance with your orders/your wishes, I cancelled the meeting
按照你的命令[愿望]，我取消了这次会议。
ac.cord-ing as /e`kordin aez; e'ko:din aez/ conj BrE fml de
pending on whether【英，正式】根据；取决于
ac·cord·ing.ly /e`kordinli;e'ko:dinli/ adv fml【正式】1 in a way
suitable to what has been said or what has happened 相应地，
按照··所说或发生的事而采取相应的措施：Please inform us of
your decision and we will act accordingly. 请把你们的决定通
知我们，我们会照着去办的。2 therefore; so 因此，从而：They
asked him to leave the meeting, and accordingly he went.他
们要他离开会场，因此他就走了。
*according to /·'· ·/ prep 1 as stated or shown by 根据··所说
[所示]： According to our records, the books you have bor-
rowed should now be returned to the library.根据我们的记
录，你借的书现在应该还给图书馆了。| According to George,
she's a really good teacher.按照乔治的说法，她是一位真正的
好教师。2 in a way that agrees with 随着··而作（相应的）变更：
We will be paid according to the amount of work we do.我们
的工资随工作量而定
□USAGE 用法说明 1 We use according to to show that
the information comes from another person or place and
not from our own knowledge. according to 用来表示信息
来自别人或别的地方，而不是来自我们自己已知的情况：Ac-
cording to these figures, the company is doing well. （从
这些数字看来，这家公司经营得不错。)It can also be used to
suggest that you do not share someone's opinion.它还可
用来暗示我们并不同意别人的观点：According to George
I owe him ￡10. (=but I don't agree) （按照乔治的说法，我欠
他 10英镑。) 2 We do not use according to with words like
opinionor view.according to 不与opinion或view 一类
的词连用。Compare 比较：According to the management.
(按照资方的说法··) | In the management's opinion/view..
(资方的意见[看法]是··)
ac-cor-di.on1 /e`kordien; e'ko:dien/ n a musical instrument that
is pressed in from each side so that the air in the middle part is
forced through holes that can be opened and closed to produce
different sounds. Accordion music is often played in films when
the scene is in France, especially Paris, and British people think
of the accordion as a typically French musical instrument. In
the US people think of the accordion in connection with old-
fashioned dance music.手风琴〔手风琴音乐常用于以法国，尤其
是巴黎为背景的电影中。英国人认为手风琴是典型的法国乐器，而
美国人一想到手风琴就会联想起老派的舞蹈音乐
accordion2 adj AmE having many folds like those of an
accordion【美】〔手风琴般〕可折叠的； an accordion file (=one
that has sides which fold in or out to make it larger or smaller)
折叠式文件夹
ac.cost /e`kost; e'kost/ v [T] to go up to and speak to (someone.
especially a stranger), often threateningly or with the offer of
sex〔威胁性地〕走上前去跟〔陌生人〕说话；勾引〔异性〕：A man
accosted me in the street and asked for money.在街上，一个
男人走到我跟前硬向我讨钱。
*ac.count1 /e`kaunt; e'kaunt/ n 1 [C (of)] a written or spoken
report; description 〔对事件、人物等的〕报道，叙述，描写： Give us
yourlan account of what happened.告诉我们发生了什么事。|
a detailed account of the proceedings 诉讼详情的报道 」 He is
a very good pianist, by all accounts. (=according to what ev-
eryone says)人人都说他是一位很好的钢琴家。」(fig.喻) I
thought Kevin gave a good account of himself (=performed
well) in today's game. 我认为凯文在今天的比赛中表现出色。
2 a sum of money kept in a bank, BUILDING SOCIETY etc, which
may be added to and taken from （银行等的）账户： My salary is
paid directly into my bank account. 付给我的工资直接存入我
的银行账户。| Have you got an account with us?你在我们银
行开了账户吗？ - see also 另见 CHECKING ACCOUNT,CURRENT
ACCOUNT, DEPOSIT ACCOUNT 3 [usually pl. 一般用复数] a
record or statement of money received and paid out, usually
by a bank or business 账目： The accounts show that business
is improving. 这些账目显示生意正在好转。| to audit the ac-
counts 稽核账目 - see also 另见 ACCOUNTANT, EXPENSE AC-
COUNT 4 a CREDIT ACCOUNT〔客户购货的〕赊购账户；记账户头：
Please put the shoes on my accountl charge the shoes to my
account.请把这双鞋的钱记在我的（赊购）账上。5 a statement
of money owed 所欠账目： Please settle your account immedi-
ately. (=pay what you owe)请你马上还清你的账。6 a customer.
especially one who has regular dealings with a company 客户：
Our sales manager has secured several big accounts recently.
我们的销售部经理最近又联系到了好几家大客户。7bring/call
someone to account (for) ： a to cause or force someone to give
an explanation (of) 责问某人，要某人 （对··）作出解释 b to pun-
ish someone (for)为（某事）惩罚某人 8 of great/no/some ac
count of great/no/some importance 很[不，有些]重要的 9on
account of fml because of 【正式】因为，由于： Why did you do
it? Was it on account of what I said yesterday?你为什么干那
件事？是因为我昨天说的那些话吗？10on no account/not on
any account not for any reason 决不可以，切莫： On no ac-
count must you tell him. 你决不可以告诉他。11 on one's own
account ： a for one's own advantage 为了自己 b at one's own
risk 自担风险 c by oneself 独力地，依靠自己 12on someone's
account out of consideration for someone's wishes 为某人的
缘故 13take account of something/take something into ac-
count to give proper consideration to a fact, situation etc, when
making a judgment or decision 考虑；注意： His exam results
were not very good, but we must take into account his long
illiness.他的考试成绩不很好,但我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生
病。| The teachers promised to take account of the wishes of
the parents before making any changes. 教师答应在作出变更
之前要考虑家长的愿望。| Their estimate of the cost takes no
account of inflation.他们对费用的估算没有把通货膨胀考虑在
内。| Your objections will be taken into account. 你们的反对
意见会得到考虑。14to (good) account so as to bring advan-
tage or profit 利用；从中获利： She put/turned her computing
skills to good account.她善于利用她精于计算的长处。
*account2v [T+obj+n/adj] fml to consider 【正式】认为： He was
accounted a wise man.他被认为是个聪明人。
account for sthg. phr v [T] 1 to give or be a satisfactory
explanation for 对··作出满意的解释： The defendant couldn't
account for the fact that the money was found in his house.
被告未能对钱是从他家里发现的这一事实作出令人满意的解释。
+v-ingl How do you account for losing five games in a row?
你如何解释一连输了五场比赛呢？- compare 比较 ANSWER2 for
(1); see also 另见 UNACCOUNTABLE 2 [(to)] to provide a satis-
factory record, especially of money received and paid out 说出
〔钱等的)用途： He has to account to the chairman for how he
spends the company's money. 他一定要向主席说明他是如何花
销公司的钱的。-- compare 比较 ANSWER2 for (1) 3 to be the
0010
cause or origin of 是·的原因： North Sea oil accounts for a
high proportion of our export earnings.北海石油占我国出口
收入的很大一部分。4 infml, becoming rare to kill, shoot, or
catch【非正式，渐罕】杀死，射杀，捕捉 5 There's no account
ing for tastes infml (said usually when one disagrees with an-
other person's judgment) it is impossible to explain why dif-
ferent people like different things【非正式】人各有所好〔多用于
不同意别人的判断时
ac.coun·ta.bil·i·ty/e kaunte`bileti;e.kaunte'bilati/ n [U] the
condition or quality of being accountable(对··)负有责任[负
有义务]： demands for an increase in police accountability 要
求加强警察对自己行动的责任感
ac·coun·ta·ble /e`kauntebl; e'kauntebal/ adj [F (to, for)] re
sponsible:having to give an explanation for one's actions
ANSWERABLE负有责任的，（对自己的行动）有解释之义务的：If
anything happens to the car, I will hold you accountable.这
辆车要是出什么问题，我就惟你是问。| Should the police be
more accountable to the public?警方该不该对公众负有更大
的责任？- compare 比较 UNACCOUNTABLE
ac·coun·tan·cy/e`kauntensi;e'kauntensi/also又作 ac·coun·.
ting /e`kauntin; e'kauntin/ AmE【美】 - n [U] the work or job
of an accountant 会计工作； a degree in accountancy 会计学位
ac.coun·tant /e`kauntent; e'kauntent/ n a person whose job is
to control and examine the FINANCIAL accounts of businesses
or people. In Britain, people often make jokes about accoun-
tants because they are considered to be very boring and dull.
会计（员、师）〔在英国，人们认为会计员无聊乏味而经常拿他们开
玩笑
ac·cou·tre·ments /e`kuto·ments;e'ku:trments/ also 又作
-terments /a`kuto-mants; a'ku;tamants/ AmE【美) -- n Pl
equipment, especially everything a soldier carries, except his
clothes and weapons(士兵的)装备，配备〔不包括武器和军衣〕
Ac.cra /e`kra; e'kra:/ the capital city of Ghana 阿克拉〔加纳首
都〕
ac·cred·i·ta.tion /e kredi`tefen;e.kred'teifan/ n [U] official
approval for a person or organization 正式认可，鉴定合格
ac.cred·it.ed/e`kreditid; e'kredtd/ adj1 [(to)] officially rep
resenting one's government in a foreign country, especially as
an AMBASSADOR 对外代表本国政府的 2 having the power to
act for an organization 经授权（代表某一组织） 的： an accred
ied representative of the firm公司的授权代表 3 officially rec
ognized as reaching a certain standard or quality 官方认可[认
证]的： accredited milk from a herd of healthy cows 由一群健
康奶牛生产的合格牛奶」an accredited university 官方认可[认
证]的大学
ac.cre·tion /e`krifen; e'kri: fan/ n [C; U (to)] fml (an) increase
by natural growth or by the gradual addition of matter on the
outside【正式】生长；增大；增加物；积成物： towers and other
accretions to the castle 城堡上的塔楼以及后来增加的其他建筑
物
ac·crue/e`kru; e'kru:/v fml【正式】1 [I; T] to become bigger or
more by addition 增大，增多： Interest accrues on a bank
account. 银行账户上的利息在增长。| You should accrue more
interest this way. 这样你应该能得到更多的利息。2 [I (to)] to
come as a gain or additional advantage〔利益、好处等〕产生，形
成： Great wealth will accrue to her when she marries the
duke.嫁给公爵会给她带来丰厚的财富。- -crual n[U]
acctwritten abbrey, for 缩写= ACCOUNT1 (2-5)
ac·cu·mu·late/e`kjumie.let; e'kju:mileit/ y [I: T] to make or
become greater in quantity or size, especially over a long period;
collect or grow into a mass 积累，积聚： He gradually accumu
lated an impressive collection of paintings,他逐渐积聚起一
批可观的绘画收藏品。- see参见 GATHER(USAGE) - -lation
/e,kjumje`lefen;e,kju:mj8'leifan/n [C; U]: an accumulation
of work while I was ill我生病时积压下来的工作
ac.cu.mu.la.tive /e`kjumje,letiv; e'kju:mjletiv/ adj fml
CUMULATIVE【正式】累积的，渐增的 - ~ly adv
ac.cu·mu·la.tor/e`kjumje,leta, e'kju:mjleite/n 1 a part of a
computer where numbers are stored〔电子计算机的〕累加器
2 especially BrE【尤英】 ‖ usually 一般作 storage batter AmE
【美】- a type of BATTERY which can take in new supplies of
electricity so that it has enough power to keep working 蓄电池
3 BrE a set of BETS on four or more horse races. The money
won on each race is added to the money put on the next race
until all the bets have been won or one is lost. 【英】复式投注.
夹叠[过关]投注〔对四场或四场以上赛马的连环赌注，前一场赢的
钱进入下一场，直到全赢或输一场为止
ac.cu.ra.cy/`aekjeresi; 'aekjresi/ n [U] the quality of being
accurate; exactness or correctness 精确，准确（度） ： the accu-
racy of his account 他的叙述的准确性| to throw darts with
pinpoint accuracy 掷飞镖准确到不差分毫
ac·cu·rate /`aekjerit; 'aekjret/ adj exactly correct 准确的，精确
的： Her report of what happened was accurate in every
detail/was an accurate reflection of the facts. 她对发生的情
况所作的报道，全部细节都准确无误[是事实的准确反映]。|Is the
station clock accurate?车站的钟准吗？ - opposite 反义词
inaccurate -~ly adv
ac·curs·ed/e`k3·sid;e'k3:sd/ also又作 ac·curst /e`k3·st;e'k3:st/
lit【文】 - adj 1 under a curse 被诅咒的 2 hateful because caus-
ing bad fortune or great trouble 可恶的，可憎的
ac.cu·sa·tion/aekje`zefen;aekj8'zeifan/n [C;U] (a statement)
accusing someone of doing wrong or of breaking the law 控
告，告发；指责： [+that] How do you answer the accusation that
your policies have caused high unemployment?你们的政策
造成了高失业率，对于这个指责你们如何作出答复？|You
shouldn't make wild accusations without any evidence.你不
应该没有证据就胡乱指控别人
ac.cu·sa·tive /e`kjuzetiv; e'kju:zetiv/ n tech a particular form
of a noun in certain languages, such as Latin, Greek, and German,
which shows that the noun is the DIRECT OBJECT of a verb【术
语】〔拉丁文、希腊文和德文等的〕宾格 - accusative adj
ac·cu·sa·to·ry /e`kjuze,tori;e'kju:zeteri/ adj especially AmE
expressing accusation【尤美】指控的；指责的：an accusatory
remark 指责的话 」 an accusatory attitude 责难的态度
ac·cuse/e`kjuz; e'kju:z/ v [T (of)] to charge (someone) with
doing wrong or breaking the law 指责，谴责；控告，告发：He
was accused of murder. 他被控犯了谋杀罪。| Are you accus-
ing me of cheating?你是在指责我欺骗吗？| The report ac-
cused the government of shirking its responsibilities. 报告指
责政府推卸责任。- -cuser n - -cusingly adv: He looked at
her accusingly.他用谴责的目光看着她。
ac·cused/e`kjuzd; e'kju:zd/ adj charged with doing something
wrong, a crime etc 被指责的；被控告的：The company stands
accused offailing to safeguard the public.这家公司被控未能
保护公众的利益。| [also 又作 n, the+C, pl. 复数为 accused]
The accused (man) was asked to give his name.要求被告说出
自己的姓名。| Several of the accused were found guilty. 被告
中有数人被判定有罪。- see Feature on page B21参见B21页
文化特写
ac·cus·tom /e`kvstem;e'kvstem/ v [T (to)] to make used to使
习惯： to accustom oneself to a new job 使自己习惯于新的工作
ac·cus·tomed /e`kvstemd; e'kvstemd/ adj1 [F+to] in the habit
of; used to 习惯于·的： I'm not accustomed to getting up so
early.我不习惯于这样早起床。2[A no comp.无比较级]regular;
usual 惯常的： sitting in her accustomed place at the head of
the table 坐在她惯常坐的桌子横头上首的位置上
AC/DC'/e si`di si; er si: 'di: si:/ adj infml sexually attracted to
people of both sexes; BISEXUAL【非正式】对男女两性都有性欲
的
AC/DC2an Australian HARD ROCK group that first became popu-
lar in the 1970s and known for having a GUITAR plaver who
dressed as a SCHOOLBOY with short trousers. Their ALBUMS
include Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap and Highway to Hell.
“AC/DC”乐队〔成名于20世纪70年代的澳洲硬摇组合。乐队的
一名吉他手身穿齐膝短裤始终保持着学童的个人形象。专辑包括
《廉价作恶》和《通向地狱的高速公路》等〕
ace1/es; eis/ n 1 [(of)] a CARD1(1) that has a single mark or spot
and usually has the highest or the lowest value 幺点牌，“A”牌
-- see参见 CArdS (USAGE) 2 infml a person of the highest
skill in the stated activity【非正式】〔某一行业的〕专家；能手： an
ace at chess 下国际象棋的能手 3 (in tennis and VOLLEYBALL)
a very fast and strong SERVE(=beginning shot) that the oppo-
nent cannot hit back(网球和排球)得分的发球 4 an ace in the
hole AmE infml something that will give a person an advan-
tage or help when it is needed【美，非正式】看家本领，撒手锏，
王牌 5 within an ace of infml very close to (a condition)【非正
式】离··只差一点点： within an ace of victory/death 差一点点
就赢[死]了
ace2adj infml very good or very skilled; excellent【非正式】第
一流的，十分能干的，杰出的： an ace skier 第一流的滑雪者
Their new record is really ace.他们的新记录确实出色。
ace3v [T] AmE infml to do (something) very well 【美，非正式】
把··做得非常好，在·中取得好成绩：I think I aced the exam,
but the interview was murder. 我觉得 （笔试）我考得很好，可面
试难得要命
a.cer.bic/e`s3bik; e's3:bik/ adj(of a person or manner) clever
in a rather cruel way 〔人、态度等〕尖刻的： her acerbic wit 她尖
刻挖苦的语言
a.cer·bi.ty/e`s3beti;e's3:bti/ n [U] fm/ bitterness: sourness
【正式】尖刻；酸；涩
0011
ac·e·tate /`aese,tet; 'aesteit/ n [U] a chemical made from acetic
acid 醋酸盐- see also另见CELLULOSE(2)
a.ce·tic /e`sitik; e'si:tik/ adj of, concerning, or producing VIN-
EGAR or acetic acid 醋的，醋酸的
acetic ac·id /··'·/ n [U] the acid in VINEGAR (=a bitter liquid
made from wine or beer)醋酸
a.cet.y.lene /e`sat] in; e'setli:n/ n [U] a gas which burns with
a very bright flame and is used in certain types of lamp and in
cutting and joining pieces of metal 乙炔，电石气
*ache1 /ek; eik/ v [I] 1 to have or suffer a continuous, but not
violent, pain〔隐隐地、持续地〕作痛： I ache all over. 我浑身痛。
My head aches. 我头痛。2 [+for/to-v] to have an extremely
strong desire 渴望： aching for freedom 渴望自由」(infml非正
式) I'm aching to tell them the news. 我迫不及待地想把这消息
告诉他们
*ache2n (often in comb.常构成复合词) a continuous, but not
violent, pain 疼痛： I've got a bit of an ache in my back. 我背有
点痛。| Take no notice of him complaining — he's always
full of little aches and pains. 别理他的哎哎哟哟 -— 他经常不
是这里痛就是那里痛。| a headache 头痛 | (fig. 喻) heartache
悲痛[伤心，痛心]
□USAGE 用法说明 1 Note the fixed phrase aches and
pains,请注意固定短语 aches and pains。2 Nouns formec
from ache are treated as uncountable in British English
when they mean a condition or a state.由 ache 组成的诸多
名词，当其意为一种情况或状态时，英国英语中用作不可数名
词：Chocolate gives me toothache.(一吃巧克力糖我就牙
痛。) | She suffers from backache. （她背痛。） When they
mean a single attack of pain, they can be either countable
or uncountable.当其意为一阵疼痛时，则可以是可数名词，也
可以是不可数名词：She often gets stomachaches
stomachache.(她常常闹胃痛。) But headache is always a
countable noun.但 headache 永远是可数名词： a nasty
headache （无法忍受的头痛）。Words ending in -ache are
more often treated as countable in American English.在美
国英语中以-ache为结尾的词更常作可数名词：atoothache
(牙痛)| a stomachache(胃痛)
a.chieve /e`tfiv; e'tfi:v/ v [T] 1 to finish successfully: succeed
in doing or reaching 完成；做到；达成： He will never achieve
anything/his objectives if he doesn't work harder.如果他不
加紧努力工作，他会一事无成[将永远达不到自己的目标]。2to get
as the result of action or effort; gain 达到〔目的)；实现；获得
The company has achieved a 100% increase in profit-ability
这家公司的利润增加了一倍。- achievable adj
a.chieve.ment /e`tfivment; e'tfi:vment/ n 1 [U] the successful
finishing or gaining of something 完成；达到： We felt a great
sense of achievement when we reached the top of the moun-
tain.当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。2[C]
something successfully finished or gained, especially through
skill and hard work 成就，成绩： a remarkable achievement 显
著的成绩 」 Without wishing to detract from your achieve-
ment in any way, can I remind you that other people also
worked very hard on this book.我决不想贬低你的成就，但我
想提醒你别人也在这本书上下了很多工夫。| He has broken two
world records in one day, which is quite an achievement!他
天打破两项世界记录，这真是了不起的成绩！
a.chiev.er /e`tfive; e'tfi:ve/ n someone who is successful,
pecially through skill and hard work〔尤指凭自己的本领和努力)
成功者： He is a real achiever -- he's won three medals. 他不
愧是个成功人士 ——他获得了三枚奖章。- see also 另见 HIGH
ACHIEVER
A.chil.les /e`kiliz; e'kili:z/ in ancient Greek stories, a HERO who
was protected by magic so that the only place where he could
be hurt was his heel. He was the greatest Greek WARRIOR in
the TROJAN WAR, and he killed the greatest of the Trojan war
riors, HECTOR. But Hector's brother, PARIS, then killed Achil.
les by wounding him in his heel.阿喀琉斯〔古希腊神话中的英
雄人物。他受魔法保护，惟一的弱点是他的脚踵。在特洛伊战争
中，他是希腊最伟大的战士，杀死了特洛伊最伟大的战士赫克托
耳。但是最后他被赫克托耳之兄帕里斯用箭射中脚踵致死〕- see
also 另见 ILIAD
Achilles' heel // n a single important weakness that can
prevent you from being successful. The phrase comes from
the ancient Greek story about ACHILLES, whose mother held
him by his heel when she put him in the water of the river
STYX, so that his heel was the only part of his body that was
not magically protected against harm.虽小却是重要的弱点，致
命的缺陷，致命伤〔这说法出自古希腊关于阿喀琉斯的神话。阿喀
琉斯的母亲曾捉着他的脚踵，把他浸在斯提克斯冥河的水中使他受
魔法保护，因此只有他的脚踵没有沾到冥河水而不受保护)：The
company has great products and a good sales force, but its
Achilles' heel is poor marketing,那家公司有优质的产品和强
大的销售力量，但其致命的弱点是缺乏营销手段
Achilles ten.don /··/ n the TENDON that connects the hee
bone to the lower muscles in your leg 〔连接踵骨与小腿肌肉的)
跟腱
*ac.id1 /`aesid; 'aesd/ n 1 [C; U] a substance that forms a chemi-
cal salt when combined with an ALKALI. It may destroy things
it touches 〔化学上的)酸，酸类： The acid burnt a hole in the
carpet. 酸把地毯烧了个洞。- compare 比较 ALKALI 2 [U]
slang the HALLUCINOGENIC drug LSD【俚】麦角酰二乙胺〔一种
迷幻药)3 drop acid slang to take the drug LSD【俚】吸迷幻药
*acid2 adj 1 having an unpleasantly sour or bitter taste like that
of VINEGAR or unripe fruit 带酸（味）的；酸涩的 2 saying bitter
or unkind things; bad-tempered 尖酸（刻薄）的；脾气环的： his
acid remarks 他尖酸刻薄的话
a.cid.ic /e`sidik; e'sidik/ adj 1 very sour 很酸的：It tastes a bit
acidic. 这东西有点酸。2 containing acid 含酸的，酸性的
a.cid.i.fy /e`sidefai; e'sidfai/ v [I; T] to make into or become an
acid(使)变酸，（使）酸化
a.cid.i.ty /e`sideti; e'sidti/n [U] the quality of being acid; sour
ness 酸性，酸味
ac·i·doph.ilus /，aesi`dafeles;aes'dofles/n [U] tech a kind of
BACTERIA added to milk or YOGHURT to ensure a healthy stom-
ach and INTESTINE【术语】乳酸菌
acid rain /· '·/ n [U] rain containing harmful quantities of acid
(especially SULPHURIC ACID and NITRIC ACID) as a result of
industrial POLLUTION. Many people consider acid rain to be a
serious threat to the environment. 酸雨〔不少人认为酸雨是对环
境的一大威胁〕
acid test /，· '/ n [usu. sing.一般用单数] a test which will prove
whether something is as valuable as it is supposed to be 验证
决定性的考验；硝酸试金（法）
ac.knowl.edge /ek`nalid3; ek'nolid3/ v[T] 1 [(as)] to accept
or admit (as); recognize the fact or existence (of)承认；供认：
When the results of the vote were announced the Prime Min-
ister acknowledged defeat.投票结果宣布以后，首相承认了失
败。| The terrorists refused to acknowledge the court.恐怖
分子不承认法庭（有权审讯他们）。| She is acknowledged as
an expert on the subject. 她被公认为这门学科的专家。| an
acknowledged expert 公认的专家| [+v-ing/that] He grudg-
ingly acknowledged having made a mistakelthat he had made
a mistake. 他勉强承认犯了错误。| [+obj+to-v] He is gener-
ally acknowledged to have the finest collection of Dutch paint-
ings in private hands.大家公认，他拥有的荷兰绘画收藏品是私
人手中拥有的最珍贵的部分。|[+obj+adj] She acknowledged
herself puzzled. 她承认自己感到不知怎样才好。2 to show that
one is grateful for 对〔某人所做的事)表示感谢： The producer
wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the Los Angeles
Police Department in the making of this film.制片人希望对洛
杉矶警察局在本片拍摄过程中所给予的协助表示感谢。3 to state
that one has received (something)告知收到〔某物)： We must
acknowledge his letterlacknowledge receipt of his letter.我
们必须向他表明已收到了他的来信。4 to show that one recog-
nizes (someone) by smiling, waving etc 对 〔某人〕打招呼： She
walked right past me without even acknowledging me.她就
es
那样迎面走过，连个招呼也不和我打。
ac·knowl·edg·ment,-edgement /ek`nalid3ment; ek'nolid3-
ment/ n 1 [U] the act of acknowledging 承认；感谢： He was
given a gold watch in acknowledgment of his work for the
company.为了表彰他为公司所做的贡献，公司赠给他一块金表。
2 [C] something given, done, or said as a way of thanking
showing that something official has been received etc 收悉通
知；回执，谢函： I wrote to the company three weeks ago, and I
haven't received an acknowledgement yet. 三个星期前我写信
给那家公司，但到现在还没有收到对方的收函通知。
ACLU, the /，e si l `ju;er si: el 'ju:/ abbrev. for 缩写= Ameri.
can Civil Liberties Union; a US organization which gives ad-
vice about the BILL OF RIGHTS and often represents people in a
court of law to make sure their CIVIL RIGHTS are not taken
away 美国公民自由联盟，美国民权联盟〔美国的一个组织，就《人
权法案》提供咨询服务。该组织常代替当事人出庭，以确保他们的
人权不被剥夺〕
ac·me /`aekmi; 'aekmi/ n [(the) S(of)] fml the highest point of
development, success etc【正式】极度，〔发展、成就等的〕顶点；登
峰造极： the acme of perfection 尽善尽美
ac.ne /`aekni; 'aekni/ n [U] a skin disorder common among young
people, especially ADOLESCENTS, in which many small raised
0012
spots appear on the face and neck 痤疮，粉刺
ac.o.lvte /`aeke lait; 'aekelait/ n 1 a person who helps a priest to
perform religious ceremonies 侍僧，辅祭〔教士或僧侣举行宗教
仪式时的助手)2 especially lit an attendant or follower 【尤文】
侍者，助手；随员
a.corn /`eka-n; 'eiko:n/ n 1 the nut of the OAK tree, which grows
in a cuplike holder 橡 （树）子，橡实 2 Great oaks from little
acorns grow saying small things grow into big things over
time【谚】合抱之木，生于毫末〔表示小的事物随着时间的推移变得
越来越大〕
a.cous.tic /e`kustik; e'ku:stik/ adj 1 of sound or the sense of
hearing 声音的；听觉的： the acoustic nerve听觉神经 2 (especially
of a musical instrument) making its natural sound, not helped
by electrical apparatus〔尤指乐器〕原声的，不经过电子设备传声
的： an acoustic guitar 原声吉他 - ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
acoustic cou.pler /·'.·/ n tech an instrument which allows
computers to send and receive information through a telephone;
a simple type of MODEM【术语】〔电脑的〕声耦合器
a.cous.tics /e`kustiks; e'ku:stiks/ n 1 [U] the scientific study of
sound 声学 2 [Pl the qualities of a place, especially a hall.
which influence the way sounds can be heard in it 〔礼堂等的)
音响效果： The acoustics of the theatre are very good. 这剧院
的音响效果很好
ac·quaint /e`kwent; e'kweint/ v
acquaint sbdy. with sthg. phr v [T] fml【正式】1 to provide
with (information); make known to 把··通知某人：使某人了解
She acquainted them with the facts. 她把事实告诉了他们。2 be
acquainted (with) to have met socially 与··相识： We're al-
ready acquainted (with each other).我们已经互相认识了，
ac·quaint.ance /e`kwentens; e'kweintens/ n1 [C] a persor
whom one knows, especially through work or business, but
who is not a close friend 相识（但不很熟）的人：泛泛之交 - see
also 另见 NODDING ACQUAINTANCE 2 [S; U (with)] knowl-
edge obtained through personal experience rather than careful
study 所知，了解，认识： I have a passing/some acquaintance
with the language. 我懂得一点这种语言。3 make someone
acquaintance to meet someone for the first time 结识某人
ac·quaintance.ship/e`kwentensfip; e'kweintensfip/ n [S
(with)] the state of being socially acquainted相识
ac.qui.esce /，aekwi`as;,aekwi'es/ v[I(in)] fml to agree, often
unwillingly, but without complaining or arguing; accept quietly
【正式】默许；勉强同意；顺从：He acquiesced in the plans his
parents had made for him.他勉强同意了父母为他拟定的计划。
ac.qui.es.cent /aekwiesnt;aekwi'esant/ adj tending to acqui-
esce; ready to agree without argument 默认的；顺从的 -- ~ly
adv--cence n [U]
ac.quire /e`kwair; e'kwaie/v [T] to gain or come to possess
especially by one's own work, skill, or action, often over a
long period of time〔尤指通过个人的工作、技艺、行动等而〕取得，
获得，得到： I managed to acquire two tickets for the concert
我设法弄到了两张音乐会的票。| The company has recently
acauired new offices in central London.公司最近在伦敦市中
心弄到了新的办公室。」to acquire mannerisms 形成[养成]独
特的习惯[风格
acquired taste // n [usually sing.一般用单数] something
that one may learn to like after a while 逐渐养成的嗜好： Most
people don't like whisky at first — it's (something of) an ac-
quired taste.大多数人在最初并不喜欢威士忌酒-—慢慢才爱
喝的。
ac.qui.si.tion /，aekwe`zifen;aekw'zifan/n1 [U (of)] the act
of acquiring 获得，取得，习得 2 [C] something or someone ac-
quired 获得物；所获： This painting is my latest acquisition. 这
幅画是我最近得到的。|She is a valuable acquisition to the
firm.她是公司招来的宝贵人才
ac.quis.i.tive /e`kwizetiv; e'kwiztiv/ adj often derog keen on
getting and possessing things 【常贬】贪得无厌的： Squirrels are
very acquisitive creatures. 松鼠是很贪心的动物。- ~ly adv
~ness n [U]
ac.quit /e`kwit; e'kwit/ v-tt- [T] 1 [(of)] to give a decision that
(someone) is not guilty of a crime 宣判··无罪： The jury ac.
quitted him(of murder).陪审团宣判他无（谋杀）罪。|He was
acquitted on the charge of murder but convicted of man.
slaughter.他被宣判谋杀罪不成立，但有误杀罪。- opposite 反
义词 convict 2 acquit oneself fml to carry out an activity with
the stated degree of success 【正式】表现： She was interviewed
on the radio but acquitted herself rather badly.她在电台接受
了采访，但是表现得相当糟
ac-quit·tal /e`kwit]; e'kwitl/ n [C; U] the act of acquitting some-
one in a court of law, or the fact of being acquitted （被）宣判无
罪- opposite 反义词 conviction
a.cre /`ek; 'eike/ n a unit for measuring area 英亩： They own
200 acres of farmland.他们拥有200英亩农田。|a 200-acre
farm 一个 200 英亩的农场 - see 参见 TABLE 2
0
-cre-age /`ekerid3; 'eikerid3/ n [S; U] the area of a piece of
land measured in acres 英亩数；以英亩计算的面积
ac.rid /`aekrid; 'aekrd/ adj (of taste or smell) very bitter; caus-
ing a stinging sensation〔气味、味道〕辛辣的，刺激性的： the ac-
rid smell of burning wood 燃烧木头的刺鼻气味 」 (fig. 喻) an
acrid remark 刻薄的话
ac.ri.mo.ny /`aekre,moni; 'aekrmeni/ n [U] bitterness, as of
manner or language〔态度、语言等的)尖刻，刻毒，讥刺：They
parted without acrimony. 他们分手时没有相互苛责。- -nious
/,aekre`monies;aekr'meunies/ adj: an acrimonious dispute
唇枪舌剑式的争辩 --niously adv
ac.ro.bat /aekre,baet; 'aekrebaet/ n a person skilled in walking
on ropes or wires, balancing, walking on their hands etc, espe-
cially at a CIRCUS 杂技演员
ac.ro.bat.ic /aekre`baetik;,aekre'baetik /adj of or like an acrobat:
moving or changing position quickly and easily, especially in
the air 杂技（似）的 - ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
ac.ro.bat.ics /aekre`baetiks;,aekre'baetiks/ n 1 [U] the art and
tricks of an acrobat 杂技 2 [P] a group of acrobatic tricks con-
sidered as a performance 杂技表演
ac·ro·nym /`aekrenim; 'aekrenim/ n a word made up from the
first letters of the name of something, such as NATO from North
Atlantic Treaty Organization 首字母缩略词<如 NATO 是由
North Atlantic Treaty Organization 的首字母组成)
ac.ro·pho.bi.a /，aekre`fobie;,aekre'feubie/ n [U] a fear of high
places 恐高症
A.crop.o.lis, the /e`krapelis; e'kropelis/ the ancient CITADEL
(=a place people can go to if their city is attacked) of Athens
built on a hill in the centre of the city. There are many impor-
tant ancient Greek buildings on the Acropolis, such as the
PARTHENON, and it is visited by many tourists.雅典卫城〔雅典
古城堡，建于雅典市中心的一座山上。卫城上有许多重要的古希腊
e
建筑，如巴特农神庙等，游客络绎不绝
cross /e`kros; e'kros/ ady, prep 1 from one side to the other
(of)横，宽，阔；横过，穿过： The stream is two metres across.
这条小河宽两米。| They built a bridge across the river. 他们
在河上建了一座桥。」 He lay across the bed. 他横躺在床上。2
to or on the opposite side (of)从一边到另一边： Can you jump
across? 你能跳过去吗？ | They live just across the road (from
us). 他们就住在马路的对面。| Their house is just across from
(=opposite) ours.他们的房子就在我们家的对面。| I helped the
old lady across the road. (=helped her to cross it) 我扶这位老
太太过马路。3 so as to cross 交叉： The two lines cut across
each other.这两条线互相交叉
□USAGE 用法说明 The prepositions across and over are
both used to show movement from one side to another.介
词 across 和 over 两者都表示从一侧向另一侧的运动：She
drove across/over the bridge,(她开着汽车过了桥。) If there
is an idea of crossing something high, over is used.如果越
过的是一个高的物体，就用 over: She climbed over the fence.
(她爬过篱笆。)If there is an idea of crossing a level surface
across is usually better.如果穿过的是一个平面，则宜使用
across: He walked across the stage and bowed to the
audience.(他从舞台的一边走到另一边向观众鞠躬致谢。)
a.cross-the-board // adj [A] influencing or having ef-
fects on people or things of all types or at every level, espe-
cially within a business or industry 全面的，包括一切的： an
across-the-board pay rise 全面提高工资|a 25% across-the-
board cut in military spending 全面削减军费开支 25% -
across-the-board adv: Share prices this week have fallen by
an average of 5% across-the-board.本周股票价格平均全面下
跌5%
a.cros.tic /e`krostik; e'krostik/ n a set of words or lines (often
of a poem), written one below the other, in which particular
sets of letters (such as the first letter of each line) form a word
or phrase 离合诗句〔几行诗句第一个词的首字母或最后一个词的
尾字母能组合成词或短语的一种诗体〕
a.cryl.ic /e`krilik; e'krilik/ n [C; U] a chemical substance used
in paints and for making a threadlike material (acrylic fibre)
used for clothes. Clothes made of acrylic are usually cheaper
than clothes made of wool or cotton,丙烯酸〔由这种材料做成
的衣服一般比毛料或棉质衣服便宜〕
*act1 /aekt; aekt/ v 1 [I (as, on, for)] to do something; take action
行动：The council must act quickly, before more people are
killed on that road.市政会必须迅速采取措施，以免更多的人在
0013
那条路上被撞伤亡。| She acted on our suggestion. (=did what
we suggested)她按照我们的建议做了。| a lawyer acting for
(=in the interests of) Mr Miller 代表米勒先生办事的律师⊥A
trained dog can act as (=fulfil the purpose of)a guide to a
blinc Derson.经过训练的狗能当盲人的向导。- see also 另见
ACTING12 [I (on, upon)] to produce an effect; work 起作用，
发生作用，生效： Does the drug take long to act (on the nerve
centres)?这药要过很长时间才(对神经中枢)发生作用吗?3 a[I+
adv/prep] to behave as stated 表现；举动： He acted as if he'd
never seen me before.他表现得好像从来就没有见过我似的。
The report said that the doctor had acted correctly/very re-
sponsibly,报告说，医生的诊治是正确[很负责]的。b[L+adj]
infml to behave so as to seem 【非正式】假装： Don't act so stu-
pid!别装得这样傻！ 4 [I; T] to represent (a part in a play or
film); perform, especially on the stage 表演，演出〔某一角色)：
Olivier is acting (the part of Othello) tonight.奥利维尔今晚
将要出演（奥赛罗的角色）。| I can't take her seriously because
she always seems to be acting. (=behaving as if she is in a
olay)我没法认为她是认真的，因为她总是像在演戏。|(fig.喻)
He's always acting the experienced man who has seen ey-
erything.他总是装出一副见多识广、颇为老练的样子。- see also
另见 ACTING2, ACTOR, ACTRESS, PLAY-ACT 5 act your ageto
behave in an adult way rather than a childish way 行为与年龄
相称
actsthg.  outphr v [T] to express (thoughts, unconscious
fears etc)in actions and behaviour, rather than in words 实行：
〔把想法等〕付诸行动： a chance to act out one's fantasies 把怪
念头付诸行动的机会
act upalso 又作 play up BrE【英】 - phr ν [I] infml to be-
have or perform badly 【非正式】调皮，捣乱；出毛病： My old cat
is always acting up. 我的老爷车经常出毛病。
act2n 1 fml something that someone has done; an action of a
particular kind【正式】行为，行动，动作，举动： an act of great
generosity/courage 极慷慨[勇敢]的行为|This despicable act
will not go unpunished. 这种卑劣的行径不会不受到惩处。| a right
wing grour responsible for several acts of terroris对几次
恐怖行动负责的右翼团体 - see 参见 USAGE 2 (often cap. 常
用大写)a law made by a parliament or similar body〔议会等
的)法案： The drug was banned by an act of parliament. 议会
法案明令禁止该药品。」 a right granted under the Shops and
Factories Act.1978 根据 1978年《工厂和商店法案》授予的权
利| lobbying to amend the Gun Control Act 为修改《枪支管
制法案》而进行院外活动 - see also 另见 ACT OF PARLIAMENT
3 (often cap.常用大写) one of the main divisions of a stage
play 〔戏剧的) 一幕： Hamlet kills the king in Act 5， Scene 2.在
第五幕第二场哈姆雷特杀死了国王。| at the end of the first act
第一幕的末尾 4 one of a number of short events in a theatre or
CIRCUS performance(戏剧、马戏等的)一段表演；节目：The next
act will be a snake charmer.下一个节目是耍蛇人的表演。5
[usu. sing.一般用单数] infml an example of insincere behaviour
used to influence people's feelings 【非正式】装模作样： Don't
be taken in by his flattery — it's just an act/he's just putting
on an act. 不要受他的恭维话所骗 ——那不过是装模作样。6get
in on the actinfml to begin to take part in an activity that
someone else has started, especially in order to share in any
advantages that may come as a result【非正式】〔为了想得到好
处而)插手，参加；染指 7 get one's act togetherinfml to begin
to work together in an effective way 【非正式】协同一致： little
chance of the divided opposition parties getting their act to-
gether 各自为政的几个反对党能协同一致的机会非常少8 in the
act (of doing) while actually doing; at the moment of doing
(especially something bad)正在做··时〔尤指做坏事时)：/
caught him in the act of reading my private letters.他正偷看
我的私人信件时，被我撞见了。9be a hard/tough act to fol
lowalso 又作 be an impossible act to follow used in order to
say that the way someone has done something is so successful
or impressive that it will be difficult for the next person
team etc who does it to be as good 〔指一个人的成就等〕令人望
而兴叹，令人难以企及： The department owes a lot to Amanda
for her years of leadership - she's a hard act to follow.该部
门这些年来取得的成就都归功于阿曼达领导有方——她的能力令
人望尘莫及。| Shulman's magnificent first novel may be a
nearly impossible act to follow.舒尔曼的首部小说几乎是旷世
之作。
USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 act and 和 action.1
Action used as a singular countable noun has almost the
same meaning as act. 当 action 被用作单数可数名词时，几
乎同 act 意义相同： a kind act/action （好心的行动） 2 Cer
tain fixed phrases use act and not action.某些固定短语用
act 而不用 action; an act of cruelty/mercy/kindness （残忍
[宽恕、仁慈]的行为)」 caught in the act of stealing （正在
偷窃时被抓住)
ACT/,e si `ti; e si: 'ti:/ abbrev. for 缩写= the American Con-
servatory Theater; a REPERTORY theatre (=theatre whose ac-
tors perform different plays on different days) in San Francisco.
which is also a respected school for training actors. Many fa-
mous actors have studied or acted at ACT.美国演艺学院剧场
〔位于圣弗朗西斯科的一个轮演选定剧目的剧场，也是一所培训演
员的名校。许多著名演员都在此学习或演出过〕
act-ing1/aektin; 'aektin/ adj [A] appointed to carry out the du.
ties of an office or position for a short time〔在职务上〕代理的：
Our director is in hospital, but the acting director can see
you.我们的局长住院了，不过代理局长可以见你。
acting2n [U] the art or profession of representing a character.
especially in a play or for a film or on television表演，演戏，扮
演
*ac.tion/aekfen; 'aekfan/ n 1 [U] the fact or process of doing
things, with the intention of gaining a desired result 行动，活
动；动作：The police had to takefirm actionto deal with the
riots,警方不得不采取果断的行动来对付骚乱。」to formulate
a plan of action 制定行动计划 | to urge strike action 力促采
取罢工行动 | We're tired of talking about the problem
now is the time for action! 我们已经厌倦老是谈论这个问题-
现在是行动的时候了！」 an action-packeddrama(=full of
exciting action)充满刺激性动作的戏剧 2 [C] something done;
a DEED 行为，作为，举动： His prompt action probably saved
her life.大概是他果断而敏捷的行动救了她的命。| His suicide
attempt was the action of(=an action typical of) a desperate
man.他的自杀企图是绝望的人都有的举动。- see 参见 ACT
(USAGE) 3 [U] effect 作用： Photographs are produced by
the action of light on film.光对底片发生作用从而产生照片。
4 [the] the main events in a play or book 〔剧本等的〕情节，故
事： The action takes place in a mountain village.这个故事发
生在一个山村里。5 [C;U] fighting or a fight between armies
or navies 战斗（行动） ： The action lasted five hours,战斗持续
了5小时。| Many men were killed in action 许多人在战斗中
阵亡。6 [C] a charge or a matter for consideration by a court of
law 诉讼： If he doesn't pay us soon we'll have to bring an
actionagainst him.如果他不很快付钱给我们，我们就只好对他
提起诉讼。| a libel action 诽谤诉讼 7 [S] the way in which
something moves or works 动作姿态；活动（方式） ： The horse
had a fine jumping action. 这匹马的跳跃姿态优美。| Today
we'll study the action of the heart.今天我们将研究心脏活动的
情况。8 [C usu. sing. 一般用单数] the moving parts of a ma-
chine or instrument 〔机器、乐器等的〕活动部件： The action of
this piano is becoming stiff. 这架钢琴的机械部件不灵活了。
9 Action!(said by film DIRECTORS when they are just about to
begin filming a scene)开拍！（电影导演下令开始拍摄时说的话）
10 actions speak louder than words saying it is easier to see
what someone is like or what they feel about something by
what they do, rather than by what they say【谚】行动胜于言辞：
听其言不如观其行 11 in/into actionin/into operation or a typi-
cal activity 在活动 [运转，工作]： He is a very good tennis player;
you ought to see him in action.他是个出色的网球手，你该看看
他打球。12 out of actionunable to move, operate etc 损坏，发
生故障： The storm put the telephones out of action.暴风雨使
电话发生了故障。- see also 另见 INDUSTRIAL ACTION 13 piece
of the actionAmE infml a share of the profits or benefits of an
action; in films, often said by criminals planning a crime 【美，
非正式】一份利益或好处〔电影中犯罪分子密谋时经常使用这种表
达方式)： Do you want a piece of the action?你想分一份吗？
14 where the action is AmE infml where the decisions are
made, or where exciting things are happening【美，非正式】有
搞头的地方：带劲的地方： I want to be where the action is! 我
好想去一个有劲的地方！
ac·tio·na.ble/`aekfenebl; 'aekfanebal/ adj giving enough cause
for a charge in a court of law 可控诉的，可起诉的： I regard these
allegations as actionable.我认为对这些诬陷可以提出起诉。
action fig.ure/'.,./ n a doll with legs and arms that move
The advertisers say 'action figure' instead of 'doll' because
the figures are usually played with by boys, in games about
war or adventure.〔手足能活动的〕活动玩偶〔广告商通常用该词
代替“doll”,因为活动玩偶通常是男孩子在玩打仗或探险游戏时玩
的〕
Action Man/'. / 1 trademark a DOLL (=a child's toy that
looks like a small person) dressed as a male soldier and played
0014
with usually by boys in the UK 【商标】〔英国男孩子常玩的)玩
具兵 - see also 另见 GI JOE 2 BrE a man who likes doing
sports and activities that are exciting and dangerous【英】喜欢
刺激的人，喜欢冒险的人
action re-play /· '·/ BrE【英】‖ instant replay AmE【美】-— n
a recording of a piece of action on television, especially in a
game of sport, that is shown again immediately after it happens
〔电视镜头，尤指体育比赛中某一片段的〕即时重放
action sta·tions /'· ·/ also 又作 battle stations AmE【美】
interj (an order to soldiers, sailors etc to take up positions ready
for battle or other urgent action)各就各位！〔对士兵或水手等所
下的命令〕
ac.tiv-ate /aekte vet; 'aektveit/v [T] 1 to make (especially an
electrical system)active; bring into use使活动，开动，起动，触
发： Treading on any part of this floor activates the alarn
syster,踩着地板的任何一部分都会触发警报系统。2 tech to
cause (a chemical action) to happen more quickly, as by
heating 【术语】〔化学〕激活，使活化 3 tech to make (something)
RADIO-ACTIVE【术语】〔物理〕使产生放射性 4 tech to make
(SEWAGE) pure by passing air through it 【术语】往阴沟里灌气
使之净化 - -ation /aekte`vefen;aekt'veifan/n[U]
ac.tive1 /`aektiv; 'aektiv/ adj 1 doing things or always ready to
do things; able or ready to take action(能)做事的：积极的，活
跃的，有活动能力的： Although he's over 80 he's still very ac.
tive.他虽然已80多岁，但活动能力仍然很强。| an active mem-
ber of the club who goes to every meeting 俱乐部每次聚会都
积极参加的会员 | soldiers who are abroadon active service
(=actually fighting)正在国外服现役的士兵 2 able to produce
the typical effects or act in the typical way 在活动中的，能起作
用的： an active volcano 活火山 | Don't touch it! The bomb
mechanism is still active! 别碰它，这炸弹的机械装置仍然能引
起爆炸！- opposite 反义词 inactive 3 [no comp.无比较级]
tech (of a verb or sentence) having the person or thing doing
the action as the subject. In The boy kicked the ball, 'kicked
is an active verb.【术语】〔语法〕主动的<在 The boy kicked the
ball 这个句子中，kicked 是主动动词> - compare 比较 PASSIVE
(2) 4active duty AmE (in the military) full-time employment
by the armed forces, as compared with RETIREMENT【美】〔军
队里〕现役〔与退役相对)：He's still on active duty.他还在服现
役。- ~ly adv
active2 also 又作 active voice /，· '/ - n [the+S] tech the ac
tive form of a verb【术语】〔动词的〕主动语态：“The boy kicked
the ball\"is in the active. \"The boy kicked the ball”采用的是
主动语态。- compare 比较 PASSIVE2
ac tiv ist /aektivist; 'aektvast/ n sometimes derog a person tak-
ing a very active part, especially in a political movement 【有时
贬】〔尤指政治运动中的〕积极分子；活动家：party activists 政党
积极分子
ac·tiv.i·ty/aek`tryetr; aek'tryti/n1 [U] movement or action活
动（性），能动（性），活跃：There's been a lot of activity in the
town centre today, 今天市镇中心相当热闹。 a sudden rush/
flurry of activity on the stock market 股票市场突然一阵活跃
Doliticallindustrial activity政治活动[工业活动] -- opposite
反义词 inactivity 2 [C often pl. 常用复数] something that is
done or is being done, especially for interest or pleasure〔尤指
娱乐或兴趣方面的)活动：The centre provides facilities for a
whole range of leisure activities,该中心提供各种娱乐活动的
设施。| classroom activities 课堂活动」 a government that
supports terrorist activities 支持恐怖活动的政府
act of God /'/ n acts of God a natural event such as a
violent storm or flood, which can be neither prevented nor
controlled. Acts of God sometimes change the conditions of
certain business contracts or insurance policies(POLICY).天
灾，不可抗力〔如风暴、洪水等。不可抗力有时能改变某些商务合
同或保险合同的条件〕
Act of Par-lia.ment /·'·/ n a law that has been officially
accepted by a parliament, especially the British Parliament
Before a law becomes an 'Act', when it is still being discussed
it is called a ‘bill'.议会法案〔被议会（尤指英国议会）正式接受
的法律。法律成为“法案”前还在讨论阶段的时候称为“议案”〕-
see Feature on page B17参见B17页文化特写
Act of U.nion, the /.·/ 1 the agreement that joined the
parliaments of England and Scotland in 1707《联合条例》〔根
据该条例，英格兰和苏格兰于1707年合并议会)2 the agreement
that ended the Irish parliament in 1800 and made Ireland part
of the United Kingdom in 1801《联合条例》〔根据该条例，爱尔
兰于1800年解散议会，并于1801年加入大不列颠联合王国)
act of wor-ship /，·'·/ n acts of worship an example of the
way in which followers of any given religion pay their respects
to their god or gods 敬神方式
*ac tor /aekte; 'aekte/n a person who acts in a play or film or on
television 演员： a good actor 好演员
Actors'Stu-di-o /'·，.·./ a school in New York that trains actors
which is famous for teaching METHOD acting and for influenc-
ing actors such as Marlon BRANDO and James DEAN 演员排演
场〔纽约的一所演员培训学校，以传授体验派表演方法及有影响力
的明星如马龙·白兰度和詹姆斯·迪安等而著名〕
*actress /aektris; 'aektrs/ n 1 a woman who acts in a play or
film or on television 女演员 2as the actress said to the bishop
BrE(a phrase said when someone has said something that could
be understood as completely harmless, but which could be
understood as talking about sex)【英】就像女演员向主教的告白
〔表示某人所说的话虽无恶意，但也可以理解为带有淫秽色彩〕
*ac·tu·al /`aektfuel; 'aektfuel/ adj [A no comp.无比较级] exist-
ing as a real fact 实际的；现实的： He forecast that the repairs
would cost ￡2000， but the actual cost was a lot less. In ac-
tual fact(=really) it was quite cheap.他预计修理费要2000英
镑，但实际费用却少很多。事实上这是相当便宜的。| He told the
newspapermen about the conversation, but would not play
them the actual tape of it.他向新闻记者讲了关于这次谈话的
情况，但却不愿把实况录音磁带放给他们听。| No, I'm not jok-
ing; those were her actual words.不，我不是在开玩笑，这些都
是她的原话。| a survey of the problems, both actual and po-
tential 实际的和可能出现的两方面的问题的调查 」 a big diffe-
rence between the opinion polls and the actual election re-
sults 民意调查和实际选举结果的巨大差异
ac·tu·al·i·ty /ektfu`aeleti;aektfu'aelti/n fml【正式】1 [U] the
state of being real; existence 现实 （性）；实在 2 [C usually pl.
一般用复数] something that is real; a fact （真正的）事实，实际
情况
ac.tu.al.ly aektfueli; 'aektfueli/ adv 1 in actual fact; really 实
际上；竟然： She says it's a good film, though she hasn't actu-
ally seen it. 她说这是部好电影，尽管她实际上并没有看过它。
Yes, I know he looks very young, but he's actually 45.是的，
我知道他看起来很年轻，但他实际上已45岁了。|(showing sur
prise 表示惊讶) He not only invited me in but he actually of-
fered me a drink! 他不但请我进去，而且竟然请我喝了杯酒！ 」 For
the first time in years, the rate of inflation has actually fallen.
通货膨胀率竟然下降了，这是多年来的第一次。2(used in
conversation, sometimes when one is disagreeing or complain-
ing, but often without any real meaning 用于会话，有时是在不
同意或不满意时使用，但常常并不具有实际含义)：You actually
owe me a little more than this.你欠我的可比这要多一些。
\"Yes, she's very nice.\" \"Well, actually, I don't like her ver
much.”“是的，她是个好人。”“唔，不过，我不是很喜欢她。”
Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think
I'll just go to bed.或许我会熬夜看这部电影。不过，我看我还是
去睡觉吧
USAGE 用法说明 1 Actually (and actual) does not mean
at the present time'in English.在英语中 actually(以及
actual) 并无“现今”之意。Compare 比较“Have you ever
met simon?\" \"Actually, I met him two vears ago.\" (“你
见过西蒙吗？”“实际上我两年前见过他。”)and 和“Is the
company doing well?\"\"Yes. It's currently doing very
well./It's doing very well at present.”(“这家公司经营得
好吗？”“好，目前是经营得不错。”)2 In conversation, actu-
ally can be used to soften what you are saying, especially
if you are correcting someone, disagreeing, or complaining.
在会话中，actually常用来淡化你所说的话，特别是淡化你要
纠正别人、不同意或抱怨别人的话：“Happy Birthday, Tom.”
“Well, actually, my birthday was yesterday.”(“汤姆，祝
你生日快乐！”“哦，我的生日其实是在昨天。”)But it can be
used with the opposite effect, if you speak with sarcasm
但是，如果你说话带有讽刺时，效果则相反：I didn't ask your
opinion,actually.(说实在的，我可没有问你的意见啊。)
ac.tu·a·ry /`aektfu eri; 'aektfueri/ n a person who advises in
surance companies on how much to charge for insurance, af-
ter considering the risks of fire, death etc 保险公司计算员〔负
责计算出保险费率者〕- -arial /ektfu`riel;aektfu'eariel/ adj
ac·tu·ate /`aektfu et; 'aektfueit/v [often pass.常用被动语态] fml
to cause to act; ACTIVATE or MOTIVATE【正式】使活动[行动]：
驱使；激励： He is actuated not by kindness but by ambition. 他
并非为好心所驱使，而是出于个人野心
Act-Up /'/ an organization in the US and the UK that de.
mands more help and support for people with AIDS. It is known
for its strong active protests against companies or government
departments if they treat people with AIDS unfairly.“行动起来”
组织〔活动于英、美的一个团体。他们要求人们给与艾滋病患者更
0015
多的帮助和支持。如果艾滋病患者受到来自于政府部门或公司的
不公正待遇，他们就会提出强烈抗议)
a.cu·i·ty /e`kjuetr; e'kju:ti/ n [U] fml fineness or sharpness
especially of the mind or the senses of sight or hearing【正式】
〔头脑、视觉、听觉等的〕灵敏，敏锐；尖锐，锐利
ac·u·men /e`kjumin; 'aekjmen/ n [U] fml ability to think and
judge quickly and well 【正式】敏锐，聪明，机智： business/politi
cal acumen 商业[政治]上的聪明机智
ac·u·pres.sure /aekju prafa; 'aekjprefe/n [U] the method of
stopping pain and other illnesses, which is similar to acupunc-
ture but which uses pressure instead of needle 针压法〔用以止
痛或医治其他疾病的方法。与针刺疗法类似，但是依靠压力而不是
针刺)- compare 比较 SHIATSU
ac·u·punc.ture /aekju,pvnktf;'aekj,pvnktfe/n [U] the
method of stopping pain and curing diseases by putting spe.
cial needles into certain parts of the body. Used first in China
Acupuncture is not generally accepted as an effective medical
treatment in Britain or the US, but is used especially by people
interested in ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE.针灸，针刺（疗法）〔源于
中国，英美国家一般人并不视它为一种有效的医疗方法，主要由对
非传统疗法感兴趣的人使用〕- compare 比较 SHIATSU
Ac.u.ra /ae`kjure; ae'kjuere/ trademark a type of car made by
HONDA, which is popular in the US and is typically driven by
business people because it is considered a comfortable, good
quality car【商标】“极品”〔本田公司生产的一种汽车，流行于美
国，车主通常是商业人士，因为在人们心目中，这是一种舒适的高
品质汽车〕
a.cute /e`kjut; e'kju:t/ adj 1 (of the senses) able to notice small
differences; working very well; sharp〔感觉〕灵敏的，敏锐的：
Dogs have an acute sense of smell. 狗有敏锐的嗅觉。| She
has very acute hearing. 她听觉灵敏。2 showing an ability to
understand things clearly and deeply; PENETRATING 深刻的：
an acute analysis of the political situation 对政治形势的深刻
分析 3 severe; very great 严重的： acute pain 剧痛| an acute
shortage of water 严重缺水 4 tech (of a disease) coming
quickly to a dangerous condition 【术语】〔疾病〕急性的 -- com-
pare 比较 CHRONIC (1) 5 tech (of an angle) less than 90 degrees
【术语】锐角的 - compare 比较 OBTUSE(2)6 [A] (of an AC
CENT put above a letter to show pronunciation) being the mark
over é〔语音〕e上有'符号的，发锐音的 - compare 比较
CIRCUMFLEX, GRAVE3 - ~ly adv: The President is acutely
conscious of the need for more doctors and nurses.总统敏锐
地意识到，需要更多的医生和护士。|acutely embarrassing 使
人异常困窘的 - ~ness n[U]
ad /aed; aed/ n infml an advertisement 【非正式】广告 - see also
另见CLASSIFIED AD
AD /`e `di;er 'di:/ abbrey, for 缩写= Anno Domini; used to
show that a date is a particular number of years after the birth
of Jesus Christ 公元〔从耶稣基督诞生那一年算起)： Alfred the
Great was born in 849 AD.阿尔弗雷德大帝生于公元849年。
compare 比较BC
ad·age /`aedid3; 'aedid3/ n an old wise phrase; PROVERB 谚语
格言
a.da.gio /e`dad30; e'da:d3eu/ adj, adv, n (a piece of music)
played slowly〔音乐演奏〕缓慢的[地]；慢板，柔板
Ad·am /`aedem; 'aedem/ n 1 the first man, according to the Jew.
ish, Christian, and Islamic religions. In the Old Testament of
the Bible, Adam lived in the Garden of EDEN with EVE, the
first woman.亚当〔犹太教、基督教以及伊斯兰教所说的人类的男
始祖。根据《圣经·旧约》记载，亚当和人类的女始祖夏娃一起住在
伊甸园〕- see also 另见 FALL - see Cultural Note at 参见
APPLE 文化注释 2 not know someone from Adam infml to
have no idea who someone is【非正式】根本不认识某人；认不出
某人是谁
Adam2, Rob.ert /`rabat; 'robet/ (1728-1792) a Scottish AR-
CHITECT who designed many famous houses and other
buildings, and influenced the development of the NEOCLASSI
CAL style. He is also knowr for designins furniture,_亚当
〔(1728-1792)，苏格兰建筑设计师。他设计过不少名宅及建筑物，
并影响了新古典主义风格的发展。同时他也是著名的家具设计师
ad·a·mant /`aede,maent; 'aedement/ adj fml (of a person o
behaviour) firm and immovable in purpose【正式】〔人、行为)
坚定的，坚强不屈的： I tried to talk her out of it, but she was
adamant. 我试图说服她不要那样做，但她很坚决。」[+that] He
was (completely) adamant that they should go.他 （十分）坚持
要他们去。- ~ly adv
Ad·ams /`aedemz; 'aedemz/, An·sel /`ensl; 'aensel/ (1902-1984)
a US photographer known especially for his photographs of
the countryside in the west of the US 亚当斯〔(1902-1984)
美国摄影师，尤以美国西部乡村照片著称〕
Adams, Ger.ry /d3er; 'd3eri/ (1948- )the leader of SINN FEIN.
the Irish political party that wants NORTHERN IRELAND to unite
with the Republic of Ireland. For many years the British gov-
ernment would not allow him to travel to England, Scotland.
or Wales, because of his connections with the IRA. But in the
late 1990s he took part in meetings with the British govern-
ment and with other political parties in Northern Ireland, to
discuss ways of bringing peace to the area. 亚当斯〔 (1948- )，
爱尔兰新芬党领袖。新芬党的目标是实现北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和
国的统一。亚当斯与爱尔兰共和军过从甚密，所以多年来英国政府
拒绝他进入英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士地区。但在20世纪90年代
末，他与英国政府及北爱尔兰其他政党举行会谈，商讨和平解决该
地区的问题
Adams, John (1735-1826) the second President of the US.
from 1797 to 1801. Before the AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY
WAR he encouraged people in the American colonies (COLONY)
to protest against British taxes and to fight to become indepen-
dent from Britain.亚当斯〔(1735-1826)，1797至1801年间任
美国第二任总统。美国革命战争前，他鼓动美洲殖民地的人民抵制
英国赋税，动员他们为脱离英国获得独立而起来抗争〕
Adams, John Quin.cy /d3an `kwinsi; d3on 'kwinsi/(1767.
1848) the sixth President of the US from 1825 to 1829. He was
the son of John Adams, and he is believed to have written the
MONROE DOCTRINE.亚当斯〔(1767-1848)，约翰·亚当斯之子。
1825-1829年间任美国第六任总统。一般相信“门罗主义”是他撰
著的〕
Adams, Sam·u·el /`saemjuel; 'saemjuel/(1722-1803) a US
politician and writer who protested against British taxes and
law when the UK was still in control of the American colonies
(COLONY). In the 1760s and 1770s he encouraged people there
to fight to become independent, and he was the main organizer
of the BOSTON TEA PARTY,亚当斯〔(1722-1803)，美国政治家、
作家。英国统治美洲殖民地期间，他强烈反对英国的赋税和法律。
18世纪60年代至70年代，他鼓动当地人民为争取独立而抗争。他
是波士顿倾茶事件的主要组织者
Adam's ale /./ n [U] an old-fashioned humorous name for
water, because ADAM, the first man, would only have had wa-
ter to drink 水〔人类的始祖亚当只有水可以喝，因此而得名。这
种幽默的表达方式现已显得陈旧〕
Adam's ap-ple /·. '·/n the front part of the throat which sticks
out, especially on a man, and which moves up and down when
he speaks or swallows 喉结
Adam Smith In.sti.tute /.../ a RIGHT-WING British organ.
ization that develops ideas about economics and gives advice
to businesses and politicians. It has close connections with the
British Conservative Party, and had great influence on its poli-
cies during the 1980s, especially the policy of PRIVATIZATION
(=selling public services like electricity and railways, so that
they become private companies). It is named after Adam SMITH,
an 18th-century Scottish writer on economics.亚当·史密斯
学会〔英国右翼组织。它发展经济学理论，为商业机构及政治家提
供咨询，并且与英国保守党关系密切。20世纪80年代，它对保守
党的政策，尤其是私有化政策产生过重大影响。它以亚当·史密斯
—18世纪苏格兰经济学作家的名字命名〕
a.dapt /e`daept; e'daept/ v [I; T (to, for)] to make or become
suitable for new needs or different conditions(使)适应，（使）
适合： He adapted an old car engine to fit his boat.他把一个旧
汽车引擎改装到他的小艇上。| When we moved to France, the
childrer adaptec (to the change) very well.我们家搬到法国
去之后，孩子们很容易便适应了（这个变化）。」I'm afraid he
can't adapt to the idea of having a woman as his boss.让一位
妇女当他的上司恐怕他不会服气。— compare比较 ADJUST
dap.ta.ble /e`daeptebl; e'daeptebal/ adj often apprec able to
change so as to be suitable for new needs or different conditions
【常褒】能适应的，适应性强的： I'm sure she'll cope with the
changes very well; she's very adaptable. 我肯定她会非常妥善地
对付各种变化，她是个适应性非常强的人。—-bility /e,daepte
`bileti; e,daepte'bilati/n [U]
ad·ap·ta·tion /aedep`tefen;aedaep'teifan/ n [C; U] the act or
an example of adapting 改编（本）；改造（物）；适应； an adapta-
tion of her play for radio 她的剧本的广播剧改编本
a·dapt·er, -or /e`daepto; e'daepte/n 1 a person or thing that
adapts 改编者；转接器，适配器 2 a PLUG that makes it possible
to use more than one piece of electrical equipment from a single
SOCKET(=electricity supply point)〔电器的)多功能插座，多头
插头
ADC /ei di`si;ei di:'si:/ abbrey, for 缩写= AIDE-DE-CAMP
*add /aed; aed/ v1 [T (to)] to put together with something else so
as to increase the number, size, or importance增加，添加： Add
a few more names to the list. 再往名单上加几个名字吧。| Mix
0016
the flour and butter together, then add the sugar.把面粉和黄
油和在一起，然后加进白糖。| Would you like to add anything
to what I've said, John?约翰，请对我说的话做点补充好吗？
The decision to buy this weapon will add at least ￡5 billion
to the defence budget.购买这种武器的决定将使国防预算至少
增加50亿英镑。- see also 另见 ADDED 2 [I;T(to,TOGETHER.
JP)] to join (numbers or amounts) so as to find the total相加
[以求得总和)： If you add 5 and/to 3 you get 8. 5加3得8。|
Add up these figures for me, please.请替我把这些数字加起
来。-- compare 比较 SUBTRACT 3 [T+that; ob] to say also 进
而讲，继续说： Almost as an afterthought, he added that they
were very pleasec with the result,他似乎是事后才想起来似
的，又加了一句说他们对这个成绩是很满意的。4 add fuel to the
fire infml to make a difficult situation even worse, especially
by making someone feel more strongly about something【非正
式】火上加油：使情绪更加激烈： Her tactless remarks just added
fuel to the fire.她那些不策略的话简直是火上加油。5 add in·
sult to injury to make matters even worse, especially by caus-
ing annoyance as well as harm(对某人)既伤害又侮辱：更糟的
是；雪上加霜
add to sthg. phr v [T] to increase 增加： The rise in electric-
ity costs has added to our difficulties. 电费上涨增加了我们的
困难。- compare 比较 DETRACT from
add up phr v [I not in progressive forms 不用进行式] infml
to make sense; form a likely or believable explanation【非正
式】说得通，言之成理；（似乎）有道理：The facts just don't add
up.这些事实简直不合情理。
add up to phr v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式] to
amount to 加起来等于，总计（达）；等于说： With a meal included
in the cost of the ticket, it all adds up to a really good evening's
entertainment.入场券的钱里还包括一顿饭，总起来说，这个晚上
的招待算是真不错了
Ad·dams Fam·i.ly, the /aedemz,faemeli; 'aedemz,faemali/ an
imaginary family who originally appeared in a US CARTOON
STRIP and then in a humorous television programme and in
films. They are a strange family who wear unusual black clothes
are very interested in death and frightening things, and think
that they are normal even though they seem very strange to
everyone else.亚当斯家庭〔一个虚构的家庭。最早出现在美国连
环漫画中，后被搬上幽默电视节目以及银幕。这一家人稀奇古怪，
穿着怪模怪样的黑衣服，对于死亡和恐怖的东西特别感兴趣。尽管
人人觉得古怪，他们却认为自己很正常〕
ad·ded /`edid: 'edid/ adj [A] existing in addition to what is
usual or expected; further 附加的，增添的，额外的： The new
system is not only cheaper, but has the added advantage of
being much faster than the old one.新的系统不只是便宜，而
且还有一个比旧系统快的额外的好处
added va·lue /··/n [U] 1 the amount by which the value of
the product is increased at each stage of its making 〔产品生产
过程中增加的)附加值 2 things added to a basic article during
the making which increase its value〔使一件物品在制作过程中
增加价值的〕附加物
ad·den·dum /e`dendem; e'dendem/ n-da /-de; -de/ tech some-
thing that is added or is to be added, as at the end of a speech
or book【术语】补充；补遗；补编，附录
ad-der /aed; 'aede/n 1 a small poisonous snake of northerr
Europe and northern Asia 蝰蛇〔产于北欧及北亚的一种小毒蛇)
2 any of several non-poisonous North American snakes 〔产于
北美洲的无毒的〕猪鼻蛇，乳蛇
ad-dict /aedikt; 'aedikt/ n a person who is unable to free them-
selves from a harmful habit, especially of taking drugs 对··有
瘾的人，成瘾者：a heroin addict 有海洛因瘾的人 |(fig.喻)At
the age of 10， he's already a confirmed television addict. 10
岁时，他已是一个十足的电视迷了
ad-dic.ted /e`diktid; e'diktd/ adj [F (to)] dependent on some-
thing, especially a drug; unable to stop having or taking 有瘾
的，上瘾的：It doesn't take long to become addicted to these
drugs.服用这些毒品不要多久就会上瘾。|(fig.喻) My children
are hopelessly/absolutely addicted to television,我的几个孩
子都成了电视迷，简直是不可救药了
ad.dic.tion /e`dikfen; e'dikfan/ n [C; U] the state of being ad
dicted or a habit to which one is addicted 吸毒成瘾；耽溺；癖好
the growing problem of heroin addiction among young people
年轻人吸食海洛因成瘾这一日益严重的问题
ad.dic.tive /e`diktiv; e'diktiv/ adj (especially of drugs) causing
addiction;habit-forming〔尤指毒品等)使成瘾的；上瘾的；会成
习惯的 - opposite 反义词 non-addictive
Ad.dis Ab.a.ba /，aedis `aebebe; aeds 'aebebe/ the capital city
of Ethiopia 亚的斯亚贝巴〔埃塞俄比亚首都
Ad-di-son /aedisn; 'aedsan/, Joseph /d3ozef; 'd3euzif/(1672-
1719) an English writer, best known for the ESSAYs he wrote
in The Tatler and The Spectator 艾迪生〔(1672-1719)，英国作
家，以于《闲谈者》和《旁观者》发表的散文而闻名〕
*ad·di·tion /e`difen; e'difan/ n 1 [U] the act of adding, espe-
cially of adding numbers together 加，增加；〔数学上的〕加法 -
compare 比较 SUBTRACTION 2 [C (to)] something added 增加
物： Additions are made to the list from time to time.清单的内
容不断有所扩充。| Congratulations! I hear there's to be an
addition to the family! (=a new baby) 恭喜恭喜，听说你们家要
增加一口人了！ a last-minute addition to the programme for
the President's visit 总统访问日程上最后（一分钟）增加的新项
目 3 AmE a room or part of a building which is added to the
main building 【美】〔建筑物的〕扩建部分： We must get a new
carpet for the addition.我们一定要为加建的房间买张新地毯。
4 in addition (to) as well (as); besides 除··之外；另外； In ad-
dition to giving a general introduction to computers, the
course also provides practical experience.课程除了介绍一般
电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会
ad·di·tion.al /e`difenl: e'difenel/ adj beyond what is usual:
added 追加的，附加的，另外的： An additional charge is made
for heavy bags. 重的行李要额外收费。| one of the additional
requirements额外的规定之一|additional evidence补充的证
据-~ly adv
ad·di·tive /aedetiy: 'aedtiy/n a substance, especially a chemi-
cal one, added in small quantities to something else to add
colour or taste or to make it last longer 添加物，添加剂： addi
tive-free foods无添加剂的食品
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Additives are often put
in food by food companies to give it an attractive appear-
ance or taste, or to keep it fresh for longer. Laws in both
Europe and the US allow only additives that are consid-
ered safe to be put in foods. In Europe, each of these sub-
stances is given an E NUMBER, and these numbers are listed
on the food's package. In the US, the FDA lists the addi-
tives that it allows companies to use, and their chemical
names are listed on the package. If food is produced
naturally, without added chemicals, the package often says
that it'Contains no additives'.食品公司常使用添加剂，以
改善食品的外观或口味、或延长它的保鲜期。欧美法律都规定
食品添加剂必须对人体安全无害。在欧洲，每一种添加剂都用
个E数表示，并印在食品的包装上。在美国，食品及药物管
理局规定了允许公司使用的食品添加剂的种类。这些添加剂
的化学名称都在包装上列出。如果一种食品是纯天然的，那么
包装上一般标有“无添加剂”的字样。- see also 另见 PRES-
ERVATIVE
ad·dled /aedld; 'edld/ adj 1 (of an egg) having gone bad （蛋）
腐坏变质的 2 infml (of someone's brain) having become con-
fused【非正式】思想糊涂的，头脑混乱的
add-on /' /n a piece of equipment that can be connected to a
computer, such as a DISK DRIVE or a MODEM, that increases
its usefulness 附加[添增]设备；附件 - compare 比较 PERIPH-
ERAL2
*ad-dress1 /e`dres; e'dres/ n 1 the number of the building, name
of the street and town etc, where a person lives or works, espe-
cially when written on a letter or parcel 地址： I can't read the
address on this envelope. 我看不清楚这信封上的地址。| Please
notify us of any change of address.(通讯)地址如有变更，请通
知我们。2(the number showing) a place in the memory of a
computer where particular information is stored〔电脑的)位址，
地址
*ad.dress2 /e`dres; e'dres/ v [T] 1 [(to)] to write a name and
address on(an envelope,parcel etc)在〔信封、包裹等〕上写姓
名、地址： There's a letter addressed to you.有封写给你收的
信。2 a to direct speech or writing to (a person or group)向·
讲话；给··写信：The Education Secretary had to address d
hostile crowd of teachers.教育大臣不得不对一群持敌对态度
的教师讲话。b [(to)] to direct (speech or writing) to a person
or group 把〔话〕讲给·；把〔信〕写给··： She addressed her re-
marks particularly to the young people in the crowd.她特别
把话讲给这群人中的青年人听。3 [(as)] to speak or write to.
using a particular title of rank 称呼： The President should be
addressed as 'Mr President'.对总统的称呼应该是“总统先生”。
4 (in GOLF) to slightly change the position of the GOLF CLUE
before hitting (a golf ball)〔高尔夫球运动中)准备击球；（将球棍
的顶端)瞄准（球）5 address oneself to fml to direct one's at-
tention or efforts to 【正式】致力于；着手： He ignored the side
issues and addressed himself to the main problem.他抛开枝
节问题，致力于主要问题。- see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE:
0017
Addressing People
*address3n 1 [C] a formal speech made to a group of people
(AUDIENCE) who are gathered especially to listen 演说，讲话： a
commencement address 大学毕业典礼上的讲话 2 [U] rare skill
in conversation or in dealing with a situation【罕】〔对话或处理
问题的〕灵巧：熟练
ad·dress·ee/aedres`i:aedre'si:/n the person to whom a letter.
parcel etc, is addressed 收信人，收件人
ad.duce /e`djus; e'dju:s/ v [T] fml to give (an example, proof.
explanation etc)【正式】举出，提出〔例证、解释等)：Can you
adduce any reason for his strange behaviour?对于他的古怪
行为你能提出什么理由吗？
Ad·e.laide /aede led; 'aedileid/ the capital city of the state of
SOUTH AUSTRALIA 阿得莱德〔南澳大利亚省的首府〕
Ad·e·nau·er /`ade naue; 'edanaue/, Kon.rad /`kanraed;
'konraed/(1876-1967) a German politician who was the first
Chancellor of West Germany after World War II, from 1949
to 1963. He had an important part in rebuilding Germany's
industry and economy after the war and in establishing friendly
relations again with other European countries. He also helped
to start the EU.阿登纳〔(1876-1967)，德国政治家。1949年至
1963年任第二次世界大战后西德第一任总理。他对于复兴德国工
业和经济及重新同欧洲各国建立睦邻友好关系起到很大的作用。
欧盟的建立也有他的一份功劳〕
ad.e·noids/`aedn oidz; 'aednoidz/ n 1 [P] the soft growth be.
tween the back of the nose and the throat 腺样增殖体 2[U]
BrE infml the condition in which these are swollen and sore
【英，非正式】腺样增殖症 - -noidal/edn`oidl;aed'noidl/ adi
ad·ept'/e`dept; 'aedept/ adj [(at, in)] highly skilled 熟练的，内
行的： He was very adept at making up excuses for his lateness
他非常善于为自己的迟到编造借口。一~ly ady
ad·ept2/e`dpt; 'aedept/ n [(at, in)] a person who is adept at
something 内行，能手
ad·e·quate /aedekwit; 'aedikwt/ adj1 [(for)] enough for the
purpose 适当的，足够的，充分的： The city's water supply is no
longer adequate (for its needs).这个城市的供水不再能满足需
求了。| adequate parking facilities 足够的泊车设施 - com-
pare 比较 AMPLE(1)2 [F(to)] having the necessary qualities
可以胜任的： I hope he will prove adeguate to the job. 我希望
他将证明自己是能胜任这项工作的。3 only just good enough 尚
可的，差强人意的：Her performance was adequate, though
hardly exciting.她的表演还是可以的，尽管谈不上令人激动。
ly ady; She wasn't adequately insured,她买的保险不很充足，
- -quacy n [U (for)]: He doubted your adequacy for the job
他怀疑你是否能胜任这项工作。
□USAGE 用法说明 1 Adequate, enough, and sufficient
can all be used before nouns to talk about quantity.
adequate,enough 和 sufficient 都可用在名词前面，表示
数量： We had adequate/enough/sufficient money for the
journey.(我们为这次旅行准备了足够的钱。) But in this
meaning only enough and sufficient are used before plu-
ral nouns.但在这个意义上，在复数名词前只用 enough 和
sufficient: Are there enough/sufficient apples for
everyone?(有足够的苹果分给每一个人吗？) 2 If you want
to talk only about quantity, do not use adequate in sen-
tences where it might mean ‘good enough'.在表示数量的
时候，如果用 adequate会被理解为‘good enough’(够好的)
之意时，就要避免使用它。Compare 比较 The prisoners re
ceived adequate food (good enough'or \"enough in
quantity')(犯人有相当好〔质好或量足够〕的食物。)and和
The prisoners received sufficient/enough food (='enough
in quantity').(犯人的食物够吃的〔指量)。)3 Adequate and
sufficient are both slightly more formal than enough.在
用法上 adequate 和 sufficient 都比 enough 稍为正式-
些。
ad.here/ed`hir; ed'hie/ v [I(to)] to stick firmly (to another or
each other), e.g. by means of GLUE 粘附，粘合，粘牢（在..上）
adhere tosthg. phr v [T] often fml to continue to follow or
remain loyal to (an idea, belief or plan)【常正式】追随，依附：坚
持： They failed to adhere to our original agreement. 他们未
能遵守我们原定的协议。
ad-her-ence/ed`hirens; ed'hiarens/n [U+to] the action of con
tinuing to support or be loyal to something, especially in spite
of difficulties 信奉；坚持： adherence to one's religious beliefs
坚持自己的宗教信仰
ad-her.ent/ed`hirent; ed'hiarent/ n a person who supports a
particular idea, person, political party etc信徒，拥护者，追随者
ad·he.sion/ed`hi3en; ed'hi:3an/n 1 [U (to)] the state or action
of sticking together or to something 粘附，粘合，胶着；坚持
adhesion to strict production timetables 坚持严格的生产时间
表 2 [U] tech the joining together of parts inside the body which
should be separate 【术语】 〔体内组织的〕粘连 3 [C] tech an area
of TISSUE(=fleshlike body substance) that has grown round a
diseased or damaged part【术语】粘连物〔患部或伤口周围增生的
肉状组织〕
ad-he-sive/ed`hisiv; ed'hi:siv/ n, adj (a substance such as glue)
that can stick or cause sticking 接合剂；胶布；黏着的，有黏性的
adhesive tape 胶布，胶带
ad hoc/ aed `hak; aed 'hok/ adj [A] Lat made, arranged etc, for
a particular purpose 【拉丁】特别[专门]安排的： an ad hoc com-
mittee set up to deal with the water shortage 解决缺水问题的
特别委员会
Ad·i·das/e`didez; 'aeddaes/ trademark a type of sports clothes.
shoes, and equipment sold all over the world. One of its spe-
cial signs is three long white lines going down the arms of
jackets and legs of sportswear.【商标】阿迪达斯〔行销世界各地
的运动服装、运动鞋及运动器材。其特殊标志之一是在运动服的袖
子及裤腿上有三条长长的白线〕
A.die/`edr; 'eidi/, Kate/ket; keit/ (1945-)a British television
news reporter who is famous for going to foreign countries
and making news reports on television while dangerous events
are happening very close to her 艾迪〔(1945-)，英国电视新闻
记者，以在国外危险事件中作现场报道著称
a.dieu/e`dju; e'dju:/ interj, n adieus or adieux /e`djuz; e'dju:z/
lit (a) goodbye 【文】再见；一路平安： to bid someone adieu 向某
人告别
ad in-fi-ni-tum/aed,infe`naitem; aed inf'naitem/ adv Lat with-
out end; for ever【拉丁】无限地，永远地
ad·i·os/,edr`os;,aedi'os/ interj, n Sp, AmE infml goodbye 【西，
美，非正式】再见
ad·i·pose /`aede pos; 'aedpeus/ adj [A] tech of or containing
animal fat; fatty 【术语】脂肪（质）的；脂肪多的： adipose tissue
脂肪组织
Ad-i-ron-dacks, the/ edi`randaeks; aed'rondaeks/ the Adiron-
dack Mountains an area in the northeast of New York State.
known for its beautiful mountains, forests, and lakes. Part of
the area is a WILDLIFE park.阿迪朗达克山脉〔纽约州东北部一
地区，以其秀丽的湖光山色著称，部分地区为野生动物园〕
adjwritten abbrev. for 缩写= ADJECTIVE
ad·ja.cent/e`d3esnt; e'd3eisant/ adj[(to)] fml very close; touch.
ing or almost touching 【正式】毗连的，邻近的： The council of-
fices are adiacent to the library.市政会各办公室就在图书馆
旁边。
*adjec.tive/aed3iktiv; 'aed3ktiv/ n a word that describes a noun
or PRONOUN, such as black in She wore a black hat or happy
in The news made her happy.形容词<如 She wore a black hat
(她戴一顶黑色的帽子)中的 black 或 The news made her happy
(这新闻使她高兴)中的 happy>- compare 比较 ADVERB;see
参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Intensifying Adjectives --tival
/aed3ik`taivl; aed3ok'taival/ adj: an adjectival phrase such as
'with blonde hair' in ‘the woman with blonde hair'形容词短
语，如 the woman with blonde hair(金发妇女)中的 with blonde
hair - -tivally adv
ad·join/e`d3om; e'd3oin/ v [I; T] to be next to, very close to, or
touching (another or each other) 贴近，毗连，靠近： Our house
adjoins theirs.我们的房子同他们的房子紧挨着。|adjoining
rooms 毗连的房间
ad·journ/e`d33·n; e'd33:n/ν1 [I; T (for, till, until)] a to bring
(a meeting, trial etc) to a stop, especially for a short period or
until a slightly later time 使（审讯、会议等）暂停；稍推迟：Shall
we adiourr this discussion until tomorrov?我们暂时停止讨
论，明天再进行好吗？ b to come to such a stop 休会： The com-
mittee adiournec for an hour/for lunck.委员会休会一小时[吃
午饭] - compare 比较 POSTPONE 2 [I+adv/prep, especially
to] often humor (of a group of people) to go to another place.
especially for a rest【常幽】〔指一群人〕移席 （到··） ： After the
meeting we all adjourned to the pub.会后我们全体转往酒馆。
- ~ment n [C; U]: The court met again after an adjourn-
ment of two weeks.法庭休庭两周之后重新开庭。
ad·judge/e`d3vd3; e'd3vd3/ ν [T] fml or tech【正式或术语】1 to
decide or state officially 依法宣判，判决，裁决： [+that] The court
adjudged that he was guilty. 法庭裁定他有罪。|[+obj+adj]
It adjudged him (to be) guilty.它裁定他有罪。2 [+obj+n/adj]
to declare to be; PRONOUNCE 宣布： The show was adjudged a
great success.演出宣告获得巨大成功
ad·ju·di·cate/e`d3udi ket; e'd3u:dikeit/v [I (on, upon); T] fm
or tech to act as a judge, e.g. in a competition or in an argu-
ment between two groups or organizations; decide about 【正式
0018
或术语】裁决，裁定；评审：Who will adjudicate (on this dispute)?
谁来裁决（这个争论）？| to adjudicate a claim 裁定要求 （的合
法性)- -cator n - -cation /e,d3udi`kefen;e'd3u:di'keifan/n
[U]: The matter was brought up for adjudication.这个问题被
提出来交付裁决
ad.junct /`aed3vnkt; 'aed3vnkt/ n1 [(to)] something that is added
or joined to something else but is not a necessary part of it附
属品，附加物 2 tech an ADVERBIAL word or phrase that adds
meaning to another part of a sentence, such as on Sunday in
They arrivea on Sunday【术语】附加语,修饰语〈如 They ey arrived
on Sunday(他们星期天到)中的 on Sunday>
adjure /e`d3ur; e'd30e/y [T+obi+to-y] fml to urge solemnly
【正式】郑重要求，恳求： She adjured him to tell the truth.她恳
求他说实话。
ad.just /e`d3vst; e'd3st/ v [I; T (to)] to change slightly, espe
cially in order to make right or make suitable for a particular
purpose or situation 调整，调节；校准；使适合： You can adjust
the colour on the TV by turning this knob.你可以转动这个旋
钮来调整电视的色彩。| He adjusted (himself) very quickly to
the heat of the country.他很快就（使自己）适应了这个国家的
炎热气候。| Your tie needs adjusting. 你的领带需要整一整。
compare 比较 ADAPT; see also 另见WELL-ADJUSTED-
~able adj: an adjustable chair 可调整的座椅 - ~ment n [C;
U]: We made a few minor adjustments to the plan. 我们对计
划做了些小的调整
ad.ju.tant aed3etent; 'aed3tent/ n an army officer responsible
for office work〔陆军中的〕副官
ad-lib' /aed `lib; aed 'lib/ v-bb- [I; T] infml to invent and de-
liver (music, words etc) without preparation; IMPROVISE【非正
式】即兴表演〔演唱、演奏、临时插入台词等)：The actress forgot
her lines but ad-libbed very amusingly.女演员忘记了台词，但
是临时凑了几句很有趣的话
ad lib2 adv infml【非正式】1 (speaking, playing, performing etc)
without preparation 即兴地〔演讲、演奏、表演等)： a radio show
in which people have to speak ad lib for ten minutes on a
given subject 临时给听众一个题目，请他不加准备地说上十分钟
的电台节目 2 without limit; freely 无限制地，自由地： a restau-
rant where you pay a fixed price and can eat ad lib 付一定费
用后就可随意进食的餐馆 - ad-lib /，· `·√ adj: ad-lib jokes 即
兴编造的笑话
ad·man /aed,maen; 'aedmaen/ n-men /-men; -men/ infml a mem
ber of the advertising profession【非正式】广告员，广告业务员
ad·min /`aedmin; 'aedmin/ n [U] infml abbrev. for 缩写=AD
MINISTRATION; the management of business affairs, often per-
sonal matters such as paying bills【非正式】〔生意上，尤指付账
单等个人事情的)管理：I must do some admin this weekend. 这
个周末我得去处理一点事务了
ad·min·is.ter /ed`mineste; ed'minste/v [T] 1 to manage or
direct (especially the affairs of a business, government etc)管
理，处理，治理；执行：The company's finances have been badly
administered.公司财务管理不善。| The courts administer the
law.法院执行法律。2 [(to)] fml to give; DISPENSE【正式】施给，
给予： to administer punishment 予以惩罚 「 The priest admin
istered the last rites.(=Christian ceremony for someone who
is dying)神父为临终人举行临终圣礼。3 [(to)] fml to cause to
make (an official promise)【正式】使立〔誓言)； to administer
the oath to a witness in court使证人在法庭上宣誓
ad·min·is.tra·tion /ed,mine`strefen;ed,min'streifan/n1 [U]
the management or direction of the affairs of a business, gov
ernment etc 管理：执行：施政：行政； the administration of the
law 执行法律 | You will need some experience in admini.-
tration before you can run the department.你需要有一些行政
管理经验才能掌管这个部门。2 [S+sing./pl. v] the people who
direct the affairs of a business 管理部门，行政部门： I think the
accountants will want to talk to the college administration.
我想会计师会来找学院行政部门谈的。3[U(of)] fml the act of
giving; administering(ADMINISTER(2,3)【正式】给予；施行
4 [the] AmE (often cap.常用大写) the (period of) government
especially of a particular president or ruling party【美】〔某一
总统或执政党领导的〕政府；内阁（任期）：during the Reagan
Administration 在里根政府任期内
ad·min-is.tra.tive /ed`mine,stretiv; ed'minstretiv/ adj of or
concerning administration 行政的；管理的： The job is mainly
administrative.这个工作主要是行政性的。」administrative
responsibilities 行政责任 -~ly adv
ad·min·is.tra.tor /ed`mine strete; ed'minstreite/n 1 a per
son whose job is administration 管理人；行政官员；主管 2 BrE
a person appointed by a court to manage or direct the affairs of
a company near to INSOLVENCY, in order to try to save it 【英】
(公司行将破产时，为了挽救公司而由法庭指定管理其事务的)管
理人员
ad.mi.ra-ble /aedmerebl;'aedmarebal/ adj worthy of admiration;
very good 令人钦佩 [赞美]的；极好的： She showed admirable
self-control. 她表现出极强的自我克制能力。| The commission
of inquiry has done an admirable job. 调查委员会做了出色的
工作。—-bly adv
ad·mi·ral/`aedmerel; 'aedmerel/n a naval rank 海军将官〔泛指
海军将级军官)；海军上将 - see 参见 TABLE 3 - see also 另
见 RED ADMIRAL; see 参见 FATHER (USAGE)
Admiral's Cup, the /，..'/ an international sailing competi-
tion held off the British coast every two years and consisting
of four races, including the FASTNET Cup Race 海军上将杯〔在
英国沿海举行的两年一度的国际帆船比赛，分四个项目，包括法斯
耐特杯赛〕
Ad·mi·ral·ty, the /`aedmerelti; 'aedmarelti/n a British govern
ment department that controls the British navy(英国)海军部
Admiralty Arch /..'/ n a large ARCH (=a structure with a
curved top and straight sides) in central London, between the
MALL and TRAFALGAR SOUARE 海军拱门〔位于伦敦市中心的林
阴道和特拉法尔加广场之间〕
*ad-mi·ra·tion /aedme`refen;aedme'reifan/ n 1 [U (for)] a feel-
ing of pleasure and respect 钦佩； 赞美；羡慕： I was filled with
admiration for her courage. 我钦佩她的勇敢。2 [the+S+of] a
person or thing that causes such feelings 受人钦佩[羡慕]的人
[物]： His new bike made him the admiration of his friends. 他
那辆新自行车使他成为朋友羡慕的对象。
ad.mire /ed`mair; ed'maie/ v [T (for)] to think of or look at
with pleasure and respect 钦佩；赞美；羡慕： I admire (her for
the way she handles her staff. 我钦佩她对待下属的那一套办
法。| You may not like him, but you've got to admire his
persistence.你可以不喜欢他，但是你不得不佩服他那种坚韧的精
神。| He gave her an admiring look. 他向她投以赞赏的一瞥。|
He's always looking in the mirror, admiring himself! 他常常
对着镜子自我欣赏！- see 参见 WONDER(USAGE)
ad·mir·er /ed`maire; ed'maiare/n a person who admires, es
0
cially a man who is attracted to a particular woman 赞赏者；爱
慕某一女子的男人： one of her many admirers 她的众多爱慕[追
求]者之
ad.mis.si-ble /ed`misebl; ed'misbal/ adj that can be accepted
or considered 可采纳的；可接受的； admissible evidence in a
court of law 法院可以接受的证据 - opposite 反义词 inadmis-
sible --bility /ed,mise`bileti; ed,mis'bilati/n [U]
ad.mis.sion /ed`mifen; ed'mifan/ n 1 [U(to)] allowing or be-
ing allowed to enter or join a school, club, building etc 允许进
入；入学[入会；入场] 许可： They campaigned for the admis-
sion of women to the club.他们发起运动，使妇女也可以参加这
个俱乐部。2 [U] the cost of entrance 入场费： Admission ￡1 入
场费1英镑 3[C (of)] a statement admitting that something is
true; CONFESSION 承认，供认： an admission of guilt/failure 承
认犯罪[失败] | [+that] His admission that he was the thief
surprisec everyone.他承认那是他偷的,这使大家惊讶不已。
He's a bad driver,by/on his own admission. (=as he himself
says)他自己承认开车不行。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 admission and 和
admittance. In the meaning 'permission to go in', admis-
sion is the ordinary word. Admittance is more formal and
is usually used literally, with the meaning 'permission to
enter a building'.在“允许进入”这个意义上，通常用 admis-
sion 这个词。admittance 则较为正式，且通常按其字面意义
使用，意为“允许进入某一建筑物”：No admittance (fml 正
式)/admission after 10 p.m. （晚上 10时以后禁止入内。） The
entrance price is the admission.表示入场费的价格则用
admission: Admission f2.(入场费2英镑)
*ad.mit /ed`mit; ed'mit/ v-tt- 1 [I (to); T] to state or agree to the
truth of (usually something bad); CONFESS 承认（坏事）： He
admittea his guilt/admitted to the murder,他承认犯了罪 [谋
杀罪]。| [+v-ing] She admitted stealing the bicycle/admitted
having stolen the bicycle.她承认偷了自行车。| [+(that)] She
admitted that she had stolen the bicycle. 她承认偷了自行车。| I
must admit, it's more difficult than I thought it would be.我
必须承认，这比我想像的要困难得多。|[+obj+to-v] A fuel leak
is now admitted to have been the cause of the trouble. 燃料漏
出被确认是造成这次灾难的原因。- compare 比较 DENY(1)
2 [T (into, to)] to permit to enter; let in 允许入内： He was
admitted to hospital suffering from burns.他由于烧伤，被送
入院治疗。3 [I+of; T] fml to leave a chance for being possible;
allow 【正式】容许有： The facts admit (of) no other explanation
这些事实不容许有别的解释。
0019
*ad.mit.tance /ed`mitns; ed'mitens/ n [U] fml right of entrance
【正式】进入权： Journalists were unable to gain admittance to
the courtroom,新闻记者未能获准进入审判室。- see 参见
ADMISSION (USAGE)
ad·mit·ted /ed`mitid; ed'mited/ adj [A] having admitted one-
self to be; SELF-CONFESSED 自己承认的： He is an admitted
alcoholic.他自认是个酒鬼。
ad.mit.ted.ly/ed`mitidli; ed'mitdli/ adv it must be admitted
(that)诚然；确实地；无可否认地： Admittedly, he works slowly
but his essays are always excellent.应该承认，他干得很慢，但
他的论文总是写得非常出色。」 The results of our poll, though
admittedly taken from a smaller sample, are quite different
from theirs.我们所做的民意调查尽管无可否认范围不很广泛，但
其结果同他们所做的很不相同。
ad·mix·ture /aed`mikstfo; ed'mikstfe/n [+of; usually sing.
般用单数] fml or tech a substance that is added to another in a
mixture【正式或术语】掺和剂，混合物，合剂
ad·mon·ish /ed`manif; ed'monif/ v[T (for, against)] fml to
warn or speak to with gentle disapproval【正式】婉言警告，告
诫： The witness was admonished by the judge for failing to
answer the question.证人因不回答问题而受到法官的轻责。-
~ingly adv
ad·mo·ni·tion/ aedme`nifen;aedme'nifen/ n [C; U] fml an act
of admonishing【正式】婉言警告，告诫：轻责：训诫
ad.mon.i.to.ry /ed mane torr; ed'mon stari/ adj fml of or being
warning advice or gentle disapproval【正式】劝告的，告诫的，轻
责的：admonitory remarks 劝谏
ad nau.se·am /aed `nofi aem; aed 'no:ziem/ adv Lat repeatedly
and to an annoying degree【拉丁】〔因唠唠叨叨而)令人厌烦地
We have heard your complaints ad nauseam.你不停的牢骚我
们都听腻了
a.do/e`du; e'du:/n [U] delay or unnecessary activity (especially
in the phrase 尤用于短语 without more/further ado 不再费力
地)无谓的忙乱；费力；Without more ado, I'd like to introduce
tonight's special guest.不多啰唆了，请允许我介绍一下今天晚
上的特别嘉宾。
a.do.be /e`dobi; e'deubi/ n [U] a building substance made of
earth and STRAW dried in the sun, used in hot countries; espe-
cially in the SW of the US and Mexico 〔热带国家尤指美国西南
部和墨西哥使用的)土坯，泥砖
ad.o.les.cent/edl`ssnt; aede'lesant/ adj, n 1 (of) a boy or
girl in the period between being a child and being an adult;
young TEENAGER of about 13-16 青春期（的）：少男（的）：少女
(的)；青少年（的） - see参见 CHILD(USAGE) 2 derog (of) an
adult who behaves like an adolescent【贬】大孩子似的；孩子似
的成年人： his adolescent humour 他孩子气的脾气 - -cence 
[S; U]: the period of adolescence 青春期
A.do.nis /e`donis; e'deuns/ 1 in Greek MYTHOLOGY, a beauti-
ful boy whom APHRODITE loved, but who was killed by a BOAR
(=a wild pig) while he was hunting 阿多尼斯〔希腊神话中阿佛
洛狄忒（爱与美的女神）所恋的美少年。他在一次狩猎中被野猪
咬死) 2 an extremely attractive young man 美少年： He was
a six foot tall, blond, muscled Adonis.他身高6英尺，金头
发，人又壮实，是个美少年。- see also 另见 APOLLO,GREEK
God
a.dopt /e`dapt; e'dopt/ v1 [I; T] to take (someone else's child)
into one's family for ever and to take on the full responsibili.
ties in law of a parent 收[领]养〔某人的孩子)；过继： He's no
my real father; I'm adopted.他不是我的生父，我是被收养的。
- compare 比较 FOSTER 2 [T] to take and use as one's own采
纳，采用： We adopted their production methods. 我们采用了
他们的生产方法。3 [T] to begin to have (a quality or appearance)
采取： to adopt a conciliatory attitudela tough approach to
the terrorists 对恐怖分子采取调和的态度[强硬的手段] 4 [T] to
approve formally; accept 正式批准；认可；接受： The committee
adopted my suggestions.委员会接受了我的建议。5 [T(as) to
choose as a representative (CANDIDATE) for election 选定〔候
选人)
a.dop.tion /e`dapfen; e'dopfan/ n [C; U](an example of) the
act of adopting 收养；采取：If you can't have children of your
own, why not consider adoption?如果你们不能生孩子，为何
不考虑收养 （一个） 呢？ | (fig.喻) He was not born here, but
this is his country of adoption.他虽然不生在这里，但这里已
是他的入籍[移居]国了
adoption a·gen.cy /.'.../ n an organization whose purpose
is to connect people wishing to adopt suitable children, not
always officially and sometimes for financial profit 领养中介
机构〔其目的是联系愿意领养符合一定条件的儿童的人。并不总是
官方性质，有时以赚钱为目的〕
a.dop·tive /e`daptiv; e'dpptiv/ adj [A] fml having adopted a
child【正式】收养（了孩子）的：her adoptive parents 她的养父
a.dor.a.ble /e`dorebl; e'do:rebal/ adj 1 worthy of being loved
deeply 值得爱慕的2 infml charming or attractive【非正式】迷
人的，可爱的：What adorable curtains!多么令人喜爱的窗帘！
ad·o·ra·tion/aede`refen;aede'reifan/n [U] 1 religious worship
宗教崇拜 2 deep love and respect 敬慕，爱慕
a.dore /e`dor; e'do:/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式]
1 to love deeply and respect highly 敬慕，爱慕： He gave her
an adoring look. 他向她投以爱慕的一瞥。| He adores his el-
der brother.他很爱他的哥哥。2 [+obj/v-ing] infml to like very
much【非正式】非常喜欢： She adores the cinemalgoing to the
cinema.她非常喜欢看电影。3 to worship in a religious way
〔宗教式〕崇拜
a.dorn/e`dorn; e'do:n/ v [T (with)] fml to make more beautiful.
attractive, or interesting【正式】装饰，使生色： He adorned his
story with all sorts of adventures that never happened. 他在
故事里编造了各式各样的离奇情节，为其增色。- see参见 DECO-
RATE(USAGE)
a·dorn·ment/e`dornment; e'do:nment/ n1 [U] the act of adorn-
ing 装饰 2 [C] something that adorns 装饰品
a.dren·a.lin/aed`ranlin; e'drenaln/n [U] a chemical substance
(HORMONE) made by the body during a period of fear, anger,
excitement etc, causing quick or violent action 肾上腺素〔因恐
惧、生气、兴奋等而在体内产生的一种激素)：It was one of those
scary situations that really gets the adrenalin going.当时正
是那种骇人的情景，使人突然紧张起来。
Adriatic Sea, the /edri`aetik si; eidri'aetiksi:/ also 又作 the
Adriatic the sea between Italy and countries such as Slovenia.
Croatia, Yugoslavia, and Albania 亚得里亚海〔位于意大利、斯
洛文尼亚、克罗地亚、南斯拉夫和阿尔巴尼亚之间的海域〕
a
drift /e`drift; e'drift/ adj, adv [F] 1 (especially of boats) not
fastened, and driven about by the sea or wind; loose〔船〕漂浮
地（的）；漂流地（的）2 without purpose or direction 漫无目标地
(的)；漂泊地（的）： Our plans seem to have gone adrift some-
where.我们的计划有些地方似乎放任自流了。
a-droit /e`droit; e'droit/ adj [(at, in)] quick and skilful in using
mind or hand 机敏的，灵巧的；熟练的 -~ly adv: The politi-
cian sidestepped the question very adroitly.该政治家很巧妙
地回避了这个问题。- ~ness n[U]
a·du·ki bean /e`duki bin; e'du:ki bi:n/ also又作 ad·zu·ki bean
/aed`zu-; aed'zu:-/ n a brown and red bean much used in Chi-
nese and Japanese cooking, either dried or ground into flour赤
豆
ad.u.la.tion/,aed3e`lefen; aed3'leifan/ n [U] praise or admira.
tion that is more than is necessary or deserved 恭维，奉承，谄
媚： basking in the adulation of the crowd 沉浸于公众的恭维奉
承之中 -- -latory /`aed3eletorr;aed3'leiteri/ adj
*ad.ult1/e`dvlt; 'aedvlt/ n a fully grown person or animal, espe-
cially a person over an age stated by law, usually 18 or 21发育
成熟的人或动物：成（年）人：This film is for adults only. 此电影
只供成人观看。- see also 参见 CONSENTING ADULT - ~hood
/e`dalthud; 'aedvlthud/ n [U] - see also 另见 AGE OF CONSENT
ID CARD
*adult2 adj1 fully grown 发育成熟的，成年的： an adult lion 成年
的狮子 2 suitable for or typical of a fully grown person; MATURE
(适合)成年人的；成熟的：They've dealt with the situation in a
very adult way. 他们以老成持重的态度应付局势。| adult en-
tertainment 成人娱乐（节目）
adult book·store /，.· '·/ n AmE euph a shop which sells books.
magazines, and pictures of people, especially women, wear-
ing little or no clothing and sometimes performing sex acts
【美，婉】成人书店〔出售色情书刊的商店〕
adult ed·u·ca·tion /，· ·'·/‖also 又作 continuing education
AmE【美】 - n [U] education provided for adults outside the
formal educational system, usually by means of classes that
are held in the evening 成人教育 - compare 比较 FURTHER
EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION
a.dul.ter.ate /e`dvlte ret; e'dvltereit/ v [T(with)] to make (a
substance)impure or of poorer quality by the addition of some-
thing of lower quality 掺杂；掺假： This milk has been adulter-
ated with water. 这牛奶掺了水。- see also 另见 UNADULTER-
ATED --ation /e,dvlte`refen;e,dvlte'reifen/ n [U]
a.dul.ter.er /e`dvltere;e'dvltare/ a.dul.ter·ess /-teris;-trs/ fem
【阴性】-- n old use a married person who has had sexual rela-
tions with someone who is not their husband/wife【旧】奸夫；
奸妇，淫妇
a.dul.ter.y /e`dvlteri; e'dvltari/ n [U] sexual relations between
a married person and someone who is not their husband/wife
通奸，私通： to committ adultery （进行） 通奸 -- -terous adj
0020
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Although it is not a crime
to COMMIT adultery in either the US or the UK, many people
believe it is morally wrong. Married couples sometimes
get a DIVORCE(=end the marriage officially) because the
husband or wife has been UNFAITHFUL (=had sex with
someone else). When a married person has a sexual rela-
ionship with someone else, people say that he or she is
having an affair',在英美两国虽然通奸不构成犯罪，但多数
人认为这是不道德的行为。夫妻双方有时会因为一方的不忠
而离婚。如果一个人有了婚外性行为，我们就说他或她“有外
遇”。
ad·um-brate /aed`vmbret: 'aedvmbreit/ y [T] pomp to give ar
incomplete or faint idea of (especially future events)【夸张】预
示，约略暗示〔将要发生的事件等〕--bration/aedem`brefen;
aedvm'breifan/ n [C; U (of)]
adv written abbrev. for 缩写= ADVERB
ad·vance'/ed`vaens; ed'va:ns/v rather fml【较正式】1[I (on.
upon, against)] to move forward in position, development etc
前进，推进；进展：Napoleon's army advanced on Moscow.拿
破仑的军队向莫斯科推进。- compare 比较 RETREAT2 2 [T] to
help, improve, or bring advantage to (especially a process or
development)推进，促进（进程、发展等）： His provocative com-
ments will do nothing to advance the cause of world peace
他挑衅性的言辞无助于促进世界和平的事业。| She's not really
concerned about this issue — she's just trying to advance
her own interests. 她不是真的关心这个问题 ——她只是想为自
已多捞一些好处。3 [T] to bring forward to an earlier date or
time 把··提前； to advance the date of the meeting from
Wednesday to Monday 把会议时间从星期三提前到星期一 -
opposite 反义词 postpone 4 [T+obj(i)+obj(d)] to provide
(money) earlier than the proper or usual time 预付〔钱)： The
company will advance you ￡200 until your salary is paid.在
给你发工资之前，公司会预支给你200英镑。5[T] to introduce:
suggest 提出〔建议、看法等)： The report advances the sugges-
tion that safety standards should be improved.该报告建议安
全标准应该改进
*advance2n 1 [C; U] forward movement 前进，进展： The army's
advance was halted by shortages of food.军队因缺粮而停止
推进。| her rapid advance in the company 她在公司里的迅速
提升 」 the advance of old age 年事已高 | (fig. 喻) There have
been great advances (=developments) in medicine in the last
50 years,近50年来医学取得了巨大的进步。- compare 比较
RETREAT'(1)2 [C (of)] money provided before the proper time
预付款： They gave me an advance of a month's pay.他们给我
预支了一个月的工资。3 in advance ahead in time; BEFORE-
HAND 预先，提前： We had to pay the rent two weeks in advance.
我们不得不提前两周交付租金。4 in advance(of) ahead (of)在·.
前面；超过： A small force was sent on in advance. 派出了一小
股先遣部队。- see also 另见 ADVANCES
advance3 adi [Al happening, coming, or done before the proper
or usual time 提前的，预先的： We sent advance copies of the
new book to all the papers.我们在新书发行之前向所有报社寄
送样书。I It's a popular show, so advance booking is essential
这是个很受欢迎的演出，所以一定要提前订票。| We can get you
a plane ticket if you give us plenty of advance warning.如果
你提前通知我们，给我们以充足时间，我们可以为你订到机票
ad-vanced /ed`vaenst; ed'va:nst/ adj 1 far on in development
高级的，先进的：advanced studies 高深的研究 」 the advanced
industrial nations of the world 世界上先进的工业国家 」 an
advanced child 智力超前发育的儿童 2 modern 现代 （化）的
advanced ideas 现代化（的）思想 3 advanced in years fml euph
old【正式，婉】年老的，年事已高的
advanced lev.el /'，.·/n [C; U] (in British education) A LEVEL
高级程度（考试）（指英国普通教育文凭考试中的高级程度，通过者
有资格进入学院或大学〕
ad·vance.ment /ed`vaensment; ed'va:nsment/ n [U] fml
improvement, development, or movement to a higher rank【正
式】擢升，促进，改进，进步
ad·vanc·es /ed`vaensiz; ed'va:nsz/ n [P] attempts to gain
someone's friendship, love, or favourable attention 讨好，接
近；求爱的表示： She didn't respond to his advances. 她对他的
求爱表示没有作出反应
*ad.van.tage /ed`vaentid3; ed'va:ntid3/n 1 [C (over)] something
that may help one to be successful or to gain a favourable re-
sult 有利条件，优势： Her teaching experience gave her a big
advantage (over the other applicants for the job).她的教学经
历使她（比起其他求职者）具有很大的有利条件。- opposite反
义词 disadvantage 2 [C; U] a favourable condition resulting
from a particular course of action; gain; BENEFIT利益，好[长]
处，优点： Is there any advantage to be gained from getting
there early?早到达那里会有什么好处吗? | One of the advan-
tages of this method is that it saves a lot of fuel. 这个方法的优
点之一是节省很多燃料。|This method has the advantage of
saving a lot of fuel. 这个方法有节省很多燃料的优点。」 The
lawyer's letter said she would hear something to her advan.
tage if she contacted him.律师的信上说，如果她同他联络，她会
听到对她有利的消息。- opposite 反义词 disadvantage 3 Ad-
vantage X(said in tennis when X has won the point after
DEUCE; X must then win the next point to win the game, or the
number of points returns to deuce)X占先，X领先一分〔网球
局末平分后先得一分，该方必须继续再得一分方可打赢这场比赛，
否则仍属平局)：Advantage Miss Graff.格拉夫小姐领先一分。
4 take advantage of: a to make use of; profit from 利用： You
should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence.
你应该趁天气好给篱笆上油漆。b to make unfair use of (someone
or someone's qualities); EXPLOIT(不公正地)利用〔某人。某人
的性格)： She took advantage of his good nature.她利用了他
的善良。5 You have the advantage of me BrE You know
something that I don't【英】你比我强〔你知道我所不知的事)；〔委
婉地表示你认识我，但我并不认识你。
ad·van·ta·geous /edven`ted3es;aedven'teid3es/adj [(to)]
helpful to a particular aim; bringing advantage 有助的，有利
的，有益的： The new process should be particularly advanta-
geous to small companies. 新的程序应该对小公司特别有利。
opposite 反义词 disadvantageous - ~ly adv
ad·vent /`aedvent; 'aedvent/ n [the+S+of] the arrival or coming
of (an important event, period, invention etc)〔事件、时期、发
明等的)出现，来临：People are much better informed since the
advent of television.自从有了电视，人们消息灵通多了
Advent in the Christian religion, the period of four weeks be-
fore Christmas〔基督教的〕降临节〔圣诞节前四个星期的一段时
期〕
Advent cal-en-dar /'.../n a special CALENDAR given to chil-
dren in the US and the UK in December. The child opens a
little window on the calendar on each day of the month until
the 24th of December, the day before Christmas. Behind each
window is a picture connected with Christmas, and often a small
chocolate.圣诞日历〔在英美国家，12月份分给儿童的一种特殊
日历。小孩子在日历上每天打开一个小窗口，直至12月24日，即
圣诞节的前一天。每个窗口后面是一幅与圣诞节有关的图画，通常
还有一小块巧克力〕
ad·ven·ti·tious /aedven`tifes;aedven'tifes/ adj fml not expected
or planned; coming by chance; accidental 【正式】偶然的 -- ~ly
adv
*ad·ven·ture /ed`ventfo; ed'ventfe/n 1 [C] a journey, experi-
ence etc, that is strange and exciting and often dangerous 冒险
活动[经历]；奇遇：her exciting adventures in the Himalayas
她在喜马拉雅山激动人心的种种奇遇2[U]excitement,e.g.in
a journey or activity; risk〔旅行、活动等中的〕冒险，风险： a life
of adventure 冒险生涯 」 Come on! Where's your sense of
adventure? (=why are you afraid to take a risk?)来啊！你的冒
险精神哪里去了？- see 参见 VENTURE(USAGE)
adventure play.ground /.，.·/ n BrE a piece of ground where
young children can play, provided by some local councils in
Britain, which has more exciting and adventurous equipment
than usual【英】历险乐园〔儿童游乐场所，由英国地方政务委员会
出资建造，里面的活动器具比一般场所的更富有刺激性和冒险性)
ad·ven·tur·er /ed`ventfere; ed'ventfare/n 1 a person who en-
joys adventures 冒险家 2 a person who hopes to gain wealth or
high social position by dishonest, dangerous, or sexually im-
moral means 投机分子；为求名利不择手段者
ad·ven·tur·ess /ed`ventferis; ed'ventfars/ n a female ADVEN-
TURER(especially 2)女冒险家；〔尤指)女投机分子
ad.ven.tur.ous /ed'ventferes; ed'ventfares/ adj 1 also ad.ven.
ture·some /ed`ventfa·sem; ed'ventfesam/ AmE【美】 - eager for
adventure; ready to take risks; daring 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神
的；胆大的 2 exciting and full of danger 充满危险的，刺激性的：
an adventurous lifeljourney冒险的生活；惊险的旅行 - ~ly adv
*ad·verb /`aev3-b; 'aedv3:b/ n a word or group of words that de
scribes or adds to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another
adverb, or a whole sentence, such as slowly in He ran slowly;
very in It's very hot; tomorrow in Come tomorrow; away in
Put it away; and naturally in Naturally (=of course), we want
you to come 〔语法〕副词 - compare 比较 ADJECTIVE
ad·ver·bi.al /aed`v3biel; ed'v3:biel/ n, adj (a word or phrase)
used as an adverb 副词（性质）（的） ；状语的： an adverbial phrase
副词短语 -~ly adv
ad.ver.sa.ry /`aedve seri; 'aedvesari/ n fml an opponent; enemy
0021
【正式】对手，敌手- -sarial /aedve`scriel;aedv3:'seeriel/ ad
ad·verse /ed`v3s; 'aedv3:s/ adj fml unfavourable; going against
opposing【正式】不利的；反对的；相反的，逆向的：The proposal
has attracted a lot of adverse comment. 这个建议招来很多非
难。| in adverse conditions 处于逆境 - ~ly adv
ad.ver.si.ty /ed`v3seti; ed'v3:sati/n [C; U] fml bad fortune:
trouble【正式】逆境，不幸，厄运，患难：A good friend will not
desert you in time of adversity.好朋友不会在患难中弃你而去。
to meet with adversities 遭遇不幸
ad.vert1/ed`v3t; ed'v3:t/ v
advert to sthg. phr v [T] fml to mention【正式】提及
ad·vert2 /`aedv3t; 'aedv3:t/ n BrE infml an advertisement【英，非
正式】广告
*ad·ver.tise /aedve taiz; 'aedvetaiz/ v1 [I; T] to make (something
for sale, services offered, a room to rent etc) known to the
public, e.g. in a newspaper or on television 为··做广告，登·.
广告： I advertised (my house) in the ‘Daily News'.我在《每日
新闻》上（为我的房子）登了广告。| a big poster advertising a
new shampoo 为一种新的洗发剂做广告的大型招贴|Are law-
yers allowed to advertise (their services)? 准许律师（为他们
的业务)登广告吗？2[I(for)] to ask(for someone or something)
by placing an advertisement in a newspaper, shop window etc
〔做广告以〕征求〔某种人员或某物)：We've advertised for some.
one to look after the garden.我们登广告招聘一个照管花园的
人。3 [T] to make generally known (especially something that
should perhaps be kept secret) 宣扬（尤指不宜公开的事） ： It was
unwise of them to advertise their willingness to make con-
cessions at the negotiations.他们宣扬愿意在谈判中让步，这是
不明智的。- -tiser n
*ad·ver·tise·ment /edve`taizment;ed'v3:tsment/n also又作
ad, advert BrE infml【英，非正式】 - something used for ad-
vertising things, such as a notice on a wall or in a newspaper.
or a short film shown on television 广告； to put an advertise
ment in the paper 在报纸上登广告 」 TV adverts in between
programmes 电视节目中间插播的广告 」 (fig.喻) He's not a
very good advertisement for the driving school - he's failed
his test six times! 他不是汽车驾驶学校的好广告 ——他六次考
驾驶执照都没有合格！
ad·ver·tis·ing /aedve taizin; 'aedvetaizin/ n [U] the business
of encouraging people to buy goods by means of advertise-
ments 广告业： a job in advertising 广告业的工作 | an adver
tising campaign 广告宣传活动
advertising a·gen·cy /'·，·/n an organization which helps
a company sell its goods or services by doing MARKET RE-
SEARCH, producing advertising materials, and buying space for
advertising in newspapers or on television 广告商，广告公司
〔帮助公司推销其产品或服务的机构。他们负责进行市场调查，制
作广告材料，购买报纸广告版面及电视广告时段
Advertising Stan-dards Au.thor.i-ty, the /....../ the
ASA abbrey. 缩写 a British organization that controls the ac-
tivities of the advertising industry in the UK. If people think
that an advertisement is offensive or untrue, they can com-
plain to this organization, which may decide that the adver-
tisement should not continue to be used,广告标准管理局〔英国
组织，负责监督广告业的活动。人们如果认为某一广告有触犯他
人的行为或者是虚假的，可以向该局投诉，由该局决定这一广告是
否可以继续使用〕
*ad.vice /ed`vais; ed'vais/ n [U] opinion given to someone about
what they should do in a particular situation 劝告，忠告；意见： 
asked the doctor for her advice.我征求这位女医生的意见。
Actingon her advice, I decided to give up smoking. 遵照她的
意见，我决定戒烟。」 He gave them some good/sound advice
他向他们提出了一些很好的意见。| Let me give you a piece of
advice. 我给你提个建议吧。| If youtake my advice ， you won't
tell anyone about this. (=this is what I advise)你要是听我劝告
的话，最好别向任何人透露此事
advice col·umn /·'·/ n a part of a newspaper or magazine
containing letters from readers asking for advice, often about
money, work, health, personal problems etc, together with ad
vice from the newspaper or magazine“为您解忧”专栏〔报纸或
杂志上的一个专栏，刊登读者对有关金钱、工作、健康、个人问题等
咨询的来信，并同时载有报纸或杂志的回复〕
advice col-umn.ist /'，.·/ n a person, often an EXPERT in a
certain field, who gives advice in an advice column“为您解
忧”专栏作家〔通常为某一领域的专家〕
advice note /' / n a letter sent by a supplier to a customer
stating that goods ordered have arrived at the place they were
being sent to〔供应商通知客户货物已到达目的地的〕通知单，到
货通知
Ad.vil /aedvil; 'aedvil/ trademark a type of medicine to stop
pain,made from IBUPROFEN【商标】阿德维尔〔一种止痛药，主要
成分为异丁苯丙酸〕
d.vi.sab.le/ed`vaizebl;ed'vaizebel/ adj sensible; wise可
取[行]的；明智的： It is advisable always to wear a safety
belt when you're driving.开车的时候最好总是系着安全带，
- opposite 反义词 inadvisable - -sability /ed vaize`bileti.
ed vaize'bil3ti/ n [U]: I would question the advisability of
such a course of action.我对这样的行动方针是否明智有些
怀疑。
*ad.vise /ed`vaiz; ed'vaiz/ v 1 [I; T] to give advice to; say or
write(something) as advice 劝告，忠告；指点；提供意见：We will
do as you advise. 我们将按你的意见办。| The doctor advised
complete rest. 医生建议完全休息。| The lawyers have advised
against signing the contract.律师建议不要签订这个合同。|
[+obj+to-v] I advised her to wait. 我劝她等待。| [+obj+that
I advised her that she should wait. 我劝她等待。| [+obj+wh-
She advised us where to eat. 她指点我们该到哪里吃饭。| [+v-
ing/that] I advise leaving early/that you leave early.我劝你
早些离开。2 [I;T(on) not in progressive forms 不用进行式
to act as a professional adviser(to)(向··)提供〔专业性的)建
议[咨询]： It's a lawyer's job to advise on the law,律师的工作
是在法律方面提供咨询。」 She advises the President on for-
eign affairs.她在外交事务方面向总统提供咨询。3[T(of)]fm
to inform 【正式】通知： Please advise me of the cost. 请把价钱
通知我。| [+obj+that/wh-] I have advised her that we are
comingladvised her when the bags will arrive.我已通知她我
们就来[包裹寄到的时间]。4ill-advised/well-advised unwise/
wise 愚蠢[失策] 的；明智的： You would be well-advised to stay
at home today. 你今天最好待在家里
ad·vis·ed·ly /ed`vaizidli; ed'vaizdli/ adv after careful thought;
purposely 深思熟虑地；有意地： She is behaving like a dicta-
tor-and I use the term advisedly.她的所作所为活像个独裁
者—我用这个词是经过认真考虑的
ad·vis·er‖also又作 -or AmE【美】/ed`vaize; ed'vaize/ n a per-
son whose job is to give advice, especially to a government or
business or (in the US) to students(政府、公司等的)顾问；〔美
国学校中指导学生选课等的)指导教师：the government's spe-
cial adviser on the Middle East 政府的中东问题特别顾问
ad·vi·so.ry /ed`vaizeri; ed'vaizari/ adj giving advice; having
the power or duty to advise 劝告[忠告]的；有权[有责任]进言
的；提供咨询的：employed in an advisory capacity以顾问身份
受聘
advisory bod·y /'·.，.·/ n an organization which has the au-
thority to make suggestions about how other organizations.
especially in a certain field, should behave and run their af-
fairs 顾问团
ad·vo.ca.cy /`aedvekesi; 'aedvekesi/ n [U] 1 [(of)] the act or
action of supporting an idea, way of life, person etc〔对某种观
点、生活方式、人物等的〕支持，拥护，鼓吹2 the profession or
work of an advocate 辩护律师的职业[工作]
ad·vo·cate1 /`aedvekit; 'aedvekt/ n 1 law ScotE a lawyer, who
speaks in defence of or in favour of another person in court
【律，苏格兰】辩护人；辩护律师 - compare 比较 BARRISTER
SOLICITOR; see also Cultural Note at 另见 LAWYER 文化注释 2
[(of)] a person who speaks for or supports an idea, way of life
etc 提倡者，拥护者，鼓吹者： a strong advocate of prison re
form 监狱改革的坚决拥护者 - see also另见 DEVIL'S ADVO-
CATE
ad·vo·cate2 /`aedve ket; 'aedvekeit/ v [T+obj/v-ing] to speak in
favour of; support (an idea or plan), especially publicly 拥护，
提倡，主张：He advocates a reduction in military spending
advocates reducing military spending.他主张削减军费开支。
adze ‖also 又作 adz AmE【美】/aedz; aedz/ n a sharp tool with
the blade at a right angle to the handle, used for shaping large
pieces of wood 手斧，锛子
Ae·ge·an Sea, the /1 d3ien `si; 1 d3i:en 'si:/ also 又作 the
Aegean the sea in SE Europe, between Greece and Turkey 爱
琴海〔位于欧洲东南部，在希腊和土耳其之间〕
ae·gis /id3is; 'i:d3s/ nunder the aegis of fml with the protec.
tion or support of 【正式】在··的支持 [保护]下： a refugee pro-
gramme under the aegis of the United Nations 由联合国赞助
的难民安置计划
Ae·ne·as /i`nies; I'ni:es/ in ancient Greek and Roman stories, a
Trojan leader who escaped from TROY after it was captured by
the Greeks and went to CARTHAGE, where he met DIDO. He
later went to Italy where he became the ANCESTOR of the Ro-
mans.埃涅阿斯〔古希腊和古罗马传说中的特洛伊战争中的一位将
领。特洛伊被希腊人攻陷后，他逃往迦太基。在那里他遇到了狄多。
他后来去了意大利，成为罗马人的祖先〕 - see also 另见 AENEID,
ILIAD, TROJAN WAR
0022
Ae·ne-id, The /i`niid; I'ni:id/ Virgil's poem about the adven-
tures of Aeneas a HERO from Greek and Roman MYTHOLOGY
《埃涅阿斯纪》〔维吉尔所写的一部史诗，是关于希腊和罗马神话中
的英雄伊尼亚德的历险记〕
ae.on, eon /`ien; 'i:en/ n a period of time too long to be mea.
sured 极长（而无法计算）的时期，永世，万古
aer·ate /`ee ret; 'eareit/ ν [T] tech【术语】1 to put air or gas into
(a liquid) as by pressure 加气于〔液体)中 2 to allow air to act
upon 使空气作用于： Blood is aerated in the lungs. 血液在肺中
与空气相遇起作用。- -ation /，ee`refen; ea'reifan/n[U]
aer·i·al'/e`iriel; 'eariel/ ‖ also 又作 antenna AmE【美】 - n a
wire, rod etc, often on top of a house or on a car, for receiving
radio or television signals〔无线电、电视的)天线
aerial2 adj of, from, or happening in the air 空气（中）的；空中的
an gerial battle 空战」 an aerial photograph (=taken from
the air)在空中拍摄的照片 -~ly adv
ae·rie /`iri; 'Iari/ n AmE for 【美】= EYRIE
Aer Lin.gus /，er `linges; ea 'linges/ trademark an Irish AIR
LINE(=a company that takes passengers to different places by
plane)【商标】爱尔兰航空公司
Aer.o /ro; 'eareu/ n trademark a type of chocolate bar sold in
the UK, which contains lots of small BUBBLES【商标】埃罗牌巧
克力〔在英国出售的一种巧克力，内含许多小气泡〕
aero-- see 参见 WORD FORMATION
aer·o·bat·ics /eere`baetiks;eare'baetiks/ n [U] the art of doing
tricks in an aircraft, such as rolling over sideways or flying
upside down 特技飞行，航空表演 - -batic adj
aer.o.bic /ee`robik; ea'reubik/ adj tech needing oxygen in or-
der to live, happen, or exist 【术语】需氧的： aerobic bacteria 需
氧菌
aer·o·bics /ee`robiks; ea'reubiks/ n [U] a very active type of
physical exercise done to music, which strengthens your heart
and lungs and makes you lose fat. It is especially popular with
women and is done either in a class, or by copying the actions
of a teacher on a VIDEO or television show at home_气健术，有
氧健身操〔按照音乐节奏进行的一种动作剧烈的健身操。目的是增
强心、肺功能及减肥，妇女尤为喜爱。学员可以在班上学习，或者
在家中模仿电视、录像中老师的动作)：Kim does aerobics twice
a week,金一星期做两次有氧健身运动。」 an aerobics class_有
氧体操课
aer-o·drome/re drom; 'earedreum/n old-fash, especially BrE
an AIRFIELD【过时，尤英】飞机场
aer·o·dy·nam·ic/rodai`naemik;eareudai'naemik/adj1 con
cerning aerodynamics 空气动力学的 2 using the principles of
aerodynamics, especially to improve the effectiveness or per-
formance of something 流线型的； one of the most aerodynamic
cars on the market 市场上最流线型的汽车之一 - ~ally /-kli:
-kli/ adv: aerodynamically designed 按流线型设计的
aer·o·dy·nam·ics /rodai`naemiks;,eareudai'naemiks/ n 1[U]
the science that studies the forces that act on bodies moving
through the air 空气[气体] 动力学 2 [P] the qualities necessar
for movement through the air 空气动力特性
Aer.o.flot /croflat: 'eareuflpt/ a Russian AIRLINE (=a company
that takes passengers to different places by plane)俄罗斯联邦
民航总局
aer·o·gramme /`eere graem;'earegraem/n an AIRLETTER 简便
航空信（件）：航空邮笺
aer·o·nau·tics /ere`notiks; eare'no:tiks/ n [U] the science of
the operation and flight of aircraft 航空学[术] - -nautical
-nautic adj
aer·o·plane /`re plen; 'eareplein/ BrE【英】‖ airplane AmE
【美】- n a flying vehicle that has wings and at least one engine:
PLANE飞机： a passenger aeroplane 客机
aer·o·sol /`re sal; 'earespl/ n a small container from which liq
uid can be forced out in the form of a fine mist. Many people
now avoid using aerosols because they believe that the chemi
cals used in aerosols, called CFCS, can cause damage to the
OZONE LAYER. Some aerosols do not contain these chemicals.
and are usually marked ‘ozone-friendly'.喷雾器〔现在不少人
都避免使用喷雾器，因为他们认为喷雾器所含的化学物质含氯氟烃
会破坏臭氧层。有些喷雾器不含这一类化学物质，通常标有“对臭
氧层无害”的字样〕
aer·o·space/re spes; 'e arespeis/ n [U] the air around the Earth.
the space beyond it, and the vehicles used there 航空和宇宙航
行空间；航空太空〔包括地球大气层内外)：the aerospace indus-
try 航空工业
Aes.chy.lus /`eskeles; 'i:skles/ (？525-？456 BC) an ancient
Greek writer who is generally considered to have invented the
European style of DRAMA (plays for the theatre), especially
TRAGEDY埃斯库罗斯〔（公元前？525-前？456），古希腊作家。相
传为欧洲舞台剧尤其是悲剧的创始人〕
Ae-sop /isap; 'i:spp/ (？620-？560 BC) an ancient Greek writer
who wrote short stories known as Aesop's Fables, which teach
moral lessons using characters who are animals. His fables
include The FOX AND THE GRAPES and The TORTOISE AND THE
HARE.伊索〔（公元前？620-前？560），古希腊作家，《伊索寓言》的
作者。书中角色以动物为主，寓意深刻。他的寓言包括《狐狸与葡
萄的故事》、《龟兔赛跑》等〕
aes·thete also 又作 es- AmE【美】 /`εs0it; 'i:s0i:t/ n a person who
has a highly developed sense of beauty, especially beauty in
art〔尤指艺术方面的〕审美家
aes·thet·ic also 又作 es- AmE【美】/εs`0εtik; i:s'0etik/ adj 1 of
or showing a highly developed sense of beauty, especially in
art〔尤指艺术上〕美感的，有审美能力的： The building is aes
thetic but not very practical.这幢建筑物具有艺术价值，但不
很实用。2 of or concerning aesthetics 美学（上）的： From an
aesthetic point of view it's a nice design.从美学观点来看，这
是个很不错的设计。- ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adj
aes·thet·ics also 又作 es- AmE【美】/εs`0εtiks; i:s'0etiks/ n [U]
the study or science of beauty, especially in art 〔尤指艺术方面
的〕（审）美学
ae·ther /`i0; 'i:0e/ n [U] lit or old use for 【文或旧】 = ETHER
(2)
a·far /e`for; e'fa:/ adv lit at a distance; far off 【文】在远处；遥远
地： I saw him from afar.我从远处看到他。
AFDC/e f di`si; er ef di: 'si:/ n [U] abbrev. for 缩写= Aid to
Families with Dependent Children; a US government pro-
gramme that gives money to poor families, especially single
parents 对有子女家庭补助计划〔美国政府向贫苦家庭尤其是单亲
家庭提供补助的一个计划〕- compare 比较 CHILD BENEFIT
af-fa-ble /`aefebl: 'aefebal/ adj easy to talk to; ready to be friendly:
pleasant 容易交谈的；友善的；和蔼（可亲） 的 -- -bly ady - -bility
/aefe`bileti;aefe'bilti/n [U]
*af-fair /e`fer; e'fee/ n 1 an event or set of connected events事
情：〔互有联系的一组〕事件； The meeting was a noisy affairla
stormy affair. 那次会议开得吵吵闹闹 [十分激烈]。[ the Wa-
tergate affair 水门事件 2 [often pl.常用复数] something need-
ing action or attention; matter 〔需采取行动或给予重视的〕事情，
事务；时局： The minister is busy with important affairs of state
部长忙于重要国务。| the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部|
This is a very embarrassing state of affairs! (=situation)这是
非常尴尬的局面。| I am not prepared to discuss my financial
affairs.我不打算讨论我个人的财务问题。3 a sexual relation-
ship between two people not married to each other, although
at least one of them is married, especially one that lasts for
some time〔非配偶间的〕暧昧关系，私通： She's having an af-
fair with her husband's best friend,她和丈夫最要好的一个朋
友有暧昧关系。- see also 另见 LOVE AFFAIR
af-fect'/e`fakt; e'fekt/ v [T] 1 to cause some result or change in;
influence 影响： Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。 Will
te strike affect the price of coal?这次罢工会影响煤价吗?
an important decision that will affect the company's future
将对公司前途发生影响的一项重要决定」a disease that does
not affect (=attack) humans 不会侵袭人体的一种疫病 | emer-
gency relief for the areas affected by drought/for the drought-
affectec areas对遭受旱灾地区的紧急救济 2 to cause e feelings
of sorrow, anger, love etc in 使产生悲伤、愤怒、喜爱等感情，使
感动： She was deeply affected by the news of his death.他去
世的消息使她深感悲痛。|an affecting experience 一段感人的
经历
USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 affect and 和 effect.
1 Affect is the usual verb and effect is the usual noun.二
者中 affect 通常是动词，effect 通常是名词：Government
policy will not affect(v)us/will not have any effect(n)
on us.(政府的政策不会对我们有任何影响。)2 Effect used
as a verb is very formal and means 'to bring about, usually
according to one's wishes'.动词 effect 是个十分正式的词，
意为按照某人的愿望“产生”，“引起”： He was able to effect
certain changes in government policy.(他能够使政府的政
策产生某些变化。)
affect2v [T] fml, often derog 【正式，常贬】1 to pretend to feel,
have, or do 假装，装作：He affected illness so that he could
stay off work. 他装病不去工作。| [+to-v] She affected not to
care about her failure.她假装不把自己的失败放在心上。 2 to
show a liking for; use 喜欢，爱好；爱用： He affects long words
that people can't understand.他好用一些人们无法理解的长词。
af·fec·ta·tion /aefik`tefen;aefek'teifan/n [C; U] derog (a piece
of) behaviour which is not one's natural manner 【贬】不自然的
0023
行为，矫揉造作： She is sincere and quite without affectation
她为人诚挚，毫不做假。| She's not really American — her
accent is just an affectation.她实际上不是美国人，她的美国腔
是装出来的
af-fect-ed /e`fektid; e'fektd/ adj derog not real, natural, or sin-
cere; showing affectation【贬】不真实的，不自然的，不诚挚的；假
装的，做作的： an affected smile 假笑 - opposite 反义词 unaf-
fected -~ly adv
af-fec.tion /e`fakfen; e'fekfan/ n [U] gentle lasting love, like
that of a parent for a child; fondness 挚爱，钟爱，（父母对子女
的)慈爱；感情： He feels/has a deep affection for his old friend.
他对老朋友感情很深。」 a display/show of affection 爱心的流
露
af-fec-tion.ate /e`fekfenit; e'fekfant/ adj showing gentle love
亲切的，有感情的： an affectionate hug 亲切的拥抱 」 an affec-
tionate child 一个很有感情的孩子 - ~ly adv: He signed the
letter 'Affectionately, your brother Bill',他在信末签署上“你
亲爱的哥哥比尔”。
af·fi·anced /e`faienst; e'faienst/ adj old use for 【旧】= ENGAGED
(1)
af·fi·da·vit /aefe`devit;aef'deivt/n law a written statement
made after an official promise (OATH) to tell the truth, for use
as proof in a court of law 【律】〔法庭上作证用的书面〕宣誓书.
书面证词
af·fil.i.ate1/e`filret; e'filieit/ v [I; T (with, to)] (especially of a
group or organization) to join or connect (especially to a larger
group)〔团体、会社等〕并入（更大的组织）；加盟：Our club is af-
filiated with/to a national organization of similar clubs.我们
的俱乐部加入了一个由同类俱乐部组成的全国性组织。-com-
pare 比较 DISAFFILIATE -- -ation /e,fili`efen; e,fili'eifan/ n
[C: U(with)]: We have affiliations with several other socie-
ties in the town. 我们与城里其他几个社团都有合作关系。| What
are her political affiliations?她参加了哪些政治组织？
af-fil.i.ate2 /e`filret; e'filit/ n a group or organization that is
affiliated to another, especially a SUBSIDIARY (or part-owned)
company controlled by a parent company支会；分社；子公司
附属机构
affiliation or-der /····/ n a decision made in a British court
of law ordering a man to pay for the support of his child born
to a woman to whom he is not married非婚生子女生父确认令
〔法庭令私生子女之生父负担抚养费的裁决〕
af·fin·i·ty /e`fineti;e'finti/n 1 [C; U (between, with)]
relationship, close similarity,or connection密切关系；近似，类
同： The French and Italian languages have many affinities
(with each other).法语同意大利语（彼此）有很多相似之处。2
IS(for, to, between)] a strong feeling of shared interests (with
someone) （和某人）情投意合；喜爱： He feels a strong affinity
for/to her,他感到她对自己有强烈的吸引力。| There is a great
affinity between them.他们彼此都深爱对方。
affinity card /·'· ，·/ also 又作 affinity credit card, charity
card n a type of CREDIT CARD which lets the user send a small
sum of money to a particular CHARITY every time the card is
used慈善信用卡，爱心信用卡〔持卡人每次使用都会有一小笔钱用
作捐赠某一慈善机构〕
af-firm /e`f3m; e'f3:m/ v fml【正式】1 [T] to declare (usually
again, or in answer to a question or doubt)〔再一次或在回答问
题时)肯定；确认：The minister affirmed the government's in
tention to reduce taxes, 部长确认政府有减税的意向。| [+thatl
She affirmed that she was telling the truth.她肯定自己说的是
实话。- compare 比较 DENY(1)2 [I] to promise to tell the
truth in a court of law, but without mentioning God or religior
in the promise〔不按宗教仪式宣誓但〕郑重声明：承认，确认-
~ation /aef`mefen;aefe'meifan/n [C;U]
af·fir·ma.tive /e`f3metiv; e'f3:metiv/ n, adj often fml (a state-
ment) saying or meaning ‘yes'【常正式】肯定的，赞成的：正
面的〔答复、意见等)： The answer to my request was a strong
affirmative.对我的请求给予的答复是十分肯定的。| an affir-
mative answer 肯定的回答 」 She answered in the affirma-
tive.她作了肯定的回答。- opposite 反义词 negative - ~ly
adv
affirmative ac·tion /·· ·/ n [U] the practice or principle
when choosing people for a job or an education course, of
favouring people who are often treated unfairly especially be-
cause of their sex or race; POSITIVE DISCRIMINATION. Affirma-
tive action is a political subject in the US about which many
people feel very strongly.〔支持、鼓励聘用女性、少数族裔等受歧
视者的〕积极行动或措施，反歧视行动〔这在美国属于一个政治性
话题，不少人对此反应非常强烈)：The company is an affirma-
tve action emplover.这家公司在雇用人员方面采取反歧视行
动。| UCLA's affirmative action program 加州大学洛杉矶分
校反歧视行动计划— compare 比较 REVERSE DISCRIMINATION
af-fix1 /e`fiks; e'fiks/ ν [T (to)] fiml to fix, fasten, or stick 【正式】
使固定；粘上，贴上： A stamp should be affixed to the envelope.
信封上应该贴上邮票。
af-fix2 /`aefiks; 'aefiks/ n a group of letters or sounds added to the
beginning of a word (PREFIX) or to the end of a word (SUFFIX)
to change its meaning or its use (as in' untie', 'misunderstood',
‘kindness','quick/y')词缀
af-flict /e`flikt; e'flikt/ ν [T (with) often pass. 常用被动语态] to
cause to suffer in the body or mind; trouble 使〔身心〕受痛苦，
折磨： afflicted with bad eyesight 苦于视力欠佳 」 one of the
major problems currently afflicting third world countries当
前困扰第三世界国家的主要问题之
af·flic·tion /e`flikfen; e'flikfan/ n [C; U] fml (something that
causes)suffering or unhappiness【正式】痛苦，苦恼，不幸：the
afflictions of old age 老年之苦
af·flu.ent /`aefluent; 'aefluent/ adj having plenty of money or
other possessions; wealthy 富裕的，富足的： an affluent soci-
ety/family 富裕的社会[家庭] -- -ence n [U]
*af-ford /e`ford; e'fo:d/ v[T] 1 (usually with 通常与 can, could,
able to 连用) to be able to buy or pay for 买得起，付得起钱：
Thanks to the success of the business, we can afford a holi-
dayla new car this year.多亏生意兴旺，今年我们有钱去度假
[去买一辆新车]。2 (usually with 通常与 can,could, able to 连
用)to be able to spend, give, do etc, without serious loss or
damage 花得起；有能力去做〔某事)；承担得起： I can't afford
three weeks away from work. 我不能三个星期放下工作不干。| 
just can't afford the time. 我花不起这个时间。| [+to-v] We
can't afford to lose such an important member of the stafflto
upset such an important customer.失去这样一位重要职员[惹
翻这样一位重要顾客]，我们可担当不起。3 fml or lit to provide;
give【正式或文】提供，给予：The top-floor windows afforded a
magnificent view of the whole city.透过顶楼的窗户，可以看到
整个城市的壮丽景象。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)] The tree afforded us
shelter from the rain. 这棵树为我们提供了避雨的地方。- ~able
adj: rents affordable to students living on grants 靠助学金生
活的学生负担得起的租金
af·for.est /e`forist; e'forst/v [T] to plant (hills etc) with trees
in order to make a forest 造林于，植树造林于 - opposite 反义
词 disafforest, deforest -~ation /e,fares`tefen;efor'steifan
n[U]
af-fray /e`fre; e'frei/ n especially law a fight or noisy quarrel in
a public place, especially between small groups【尤律】〔尤指
两伙人〕在公共场所的打架[吵架，滋事
af-fri.cate /efrikit; 'aefrikt/ n tech a consonant sound consist-
ing of a PLOSIVE (such as /t/ or /d/) that is immediately fol-
lowed by a FRICATIVE pronounced in the same part of the mouth
(such as /f/or/3/)【术语】破擦音<爆破音如/t/或/d/和摩擦音如
//或/3/的组合>：The word 'church' contains the affricate
/tf/.“church”这个词含有破擦音 /t[/。
af-front1 /e`frvnt; e'frvnt/ v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] to be
rude to or hurt the feelings of, especially intentionally or in
public; offend(故意或当众)侮辱；冒犯
affront2n [(to)] an act, remark etc, that is rude to someone or
hurts their feelings, especially when intentional or in public;
INSULT(故意的或公然的)侮辱；冒犯： an affront to one's dig-
nity/pride对某人尊严[自尊心]的公然冒犯
Af.ghan /aefgen; 'aefgaen/ n 1 Afghani /aef`gani; aef'ga:ni/ some
one who comes from Afghanistan 阿富汗人 2 Afghan hound
a tall thin dog, originally used for hunting, with a pointed nose
and very long silky hair 阿富汗猎犬 3 a warm cover for a bed
made of wool knitted (KNIT) in colourful patterns 阿富汗毛毯
〔用羊毛织成，花纹色彩艳丽〕
Af.ghan.is.tan /aef`gaene staen; aef'gaensta:n/ a country in Asia
that is west of Pakistan and east of Iran. Population: 20,100,000
(1995). Capital: Kabul. It is known as a place where there have
been many wars, especially between different groups within
the country 阿富汗〔亚洲国家，位于巴基斯坦以西，伊朗以东。人
口：20,100,000(1995)，首都：喀布尔。那里常发生战争，尤其是
国内各组织间冲突不断)- see also 另见 TALIBAN
a.fi.cio.na.do /e fisje`nado; e.fife'na:deu/ n -dos Sp someone
who is keenly interested in a particular activity or subject; FAN;
DEVOTEE【西】〔某种活动的〕爱好者，·迷： aficionados of foot
ball 足球迷 | a cinema aficionado 电影迷
a·field /e`fild; e'fi:ld/ adv far away, especially from home; to or
at a great distance 远离〔家乡等)；到 [在]远方： Don't go too
far afield or you'll get lost. 别走得太远，要不然你会迷路的。|
We get a lot of tourists from Europe, and some from even
further afield.我们这里有许多来自欧洲的旅游人士，有些甚至来
自更远的地方。
0024
a.fire /e`fair; e'faie/ adj, adv [F(with)] on fire 燃烧着（的），着
火（的） ： He set the house afire.他放火把房子烧了。| (fig.喻
afire with enthusiasm 热情沸腾
a·flame /e`flem; e'fleim/ adj, adv [F (with)] on fire; ABLAZE着
火（的），燃烧着（的）：The house was aflame.房子着火了。
(fig.喻) The gardens were aflame with red and orange leaves
绯红和橘黄色的叶子使那几个园子一片火红色。
AFL-CIO, the /e f l si a`o; er ef el si: a 'eu/ abbrev. for
缩写=American Federation of Labor and Congress of Indus-
trial Organizations; a large and powerful organization of TRADE
UNIONS in the US. There is a similar organization in the UK
called the TUC 劳联-产联〔全称为美国劳工联合会暨产业联合
会，是全美最大、最有影响力的一个工会组织。英国的一个相同机
构叫做英国工会联合会〕
a·float /e`flot; e'fleut/ adj, adv [F] 1 floating on water; at sea 在
水中漂浮（的）；在海上：Help me get the boat afloat.帮我把那
只小船弄下水。| How long did you spend afloat? (=on a ship)
你在海上(=船上)待了多久？2 covered with water; flooded 浸
在水中（的），被水淹没（的）3 out of debt 不欠债的：The com-
pany somehow managed to keeplstay afloat. 这家公司想方设
法总算免于负债。
a.foot /e`fut; e'fut/ adj, adv [F] 1 (especially of something bad
being prepared or in operation(尤指坏事)在酝酿中（的），在策
划中（的） ： There is a plan afoot to pull down the old building
有个计划要把那幢房子拆掉。| There is some strange business
afoot.有些异乎寻常的事正在酝酿之中。2 old use moving, es-
pecially on foot【旧】行动（的）；步行（的），徒步（的）
a·fore·said /e`for sed; e'fo:sed/ also 又作 a·fore·men·tioned
/e`formenfend; e'fo:menfand/- adj [A] law mentioned or
named before or already 【律】上述的，前述的： The car belongs
to the aforesaid Ms Jones. 这辆汽车是上述琼斯女士的。| [also
又作 n, the+C, pl. aforesaid] The aforementioned waslwere
present at the trial.上述人员审判时都出庭了
a·fore·thought /e`for 0ot; e'fo:05:t/ adj law【律】 - see 参见
with malice aforethought(MALICE)
a for.ti.o.ri /e forfi`orai; er fo:ti'o:rai/ ady Lat for a still stron-
ger reason; even more certainly【拉丁】出于更有力的理由；更加
(不在话下)；更何况： If you can afford a car then, a fortiori
you can afford a bicycle.你如果买得起一辆小汽车，买辆自行
车就更不在话下了。
a.foul /e`faul; e'faul/ ady run afoul of to bring one into opposi-
tion or disagreement with 和··相撞[冲突]： His proposal runs
afoul of government plans to curb expenditure on education
他的建议同政府控制教育经费的计划相冲突
*a.fraid /e`fred; e'freid/ adj [F] 1 [(of, for)] full of fear; fright-
ened 害怕[畏惧] （的）： There's no need to be afraid. 用不着害
怕。| Don't be afraid of the dog,不要怕那只狗。」 He was
afraia for his job. (=-afraic that he might lose it)他怕丢了那份
工作。| [+to-v] I was afraid to go out of the house at night. 我
怕夜间走到屋外去。|[+(that)] They were afraid that the po
lice would catch them.他们怕被警察抓住。- see 参见 FRIGHT
ENED (USAGE) 2 [(of0] unwilling to do something, especially
because of worry about possible results〔因担心可能发生的后
果而〕不敢[害怕]〔做某事〕的：I didn't tell her because I was
afraid of upsetting her.我没有把事情告诉她是怕她听了心烦。
[+to-y] Don't be afraid to ask for help.不要害怕求别人帮
忙。| (apprec 褒) They're not afraid of hard work. (=they
work very hard)他们不怕艰苦的工作。3[+(that)] polite sorry
for something that has happened or is likely to happen【礼】〔为
已发生或可能发生的某事而表示歉意〕恐怕··的：I am afraia
(that)I've broken your pen.真不好意思，恐怕我把你的钢笔弄
坏了。|“Are we late?”“I'm afraid so.”“我们迟到了吗？”
“恐怕是迟到了。”|“Are we on time?”“Im afraid not.”“我
们准时吗？”“恐怕不准时。”| I'm afraid I'm going to have to
ask you to leave.很抱歉，我恐怕得请你离开了。4 afraid of
one's own shadow habitually frightened or nervous 胆小怕事
草木皆兵
□USAGE 用法说明 I'm afraid is often used as a polite
phrase when you are giving someone unpleasant informa-
tion.在给某人不愉快的信息时通常用 I'm afraid 作为婉转
的措词： I'm afraid I have some rather bad news for you
(恐怕我给你带来了坏消息。)|“Did you pass your exam?
I'm afraid not.”(“你考及格了吗？”“恐怕没有。”)|“Do
I have to pay the full price?”“I'm afraid so.”(“我一定
要照价全付吗？”“恐怕是的。”)」 We're afraid we're un
able to offer you the job.(恐怕我们不能给你这份工作了。)
It can also be used when you want to disagree with some-
one.也可用于表示不赞同某人的意见：I'm afraid I really
can't agree with you there.(看样子，我真的不能赞成你在
这一点上的意见。) | Yes. Sue, but I'm afraid you haven't
quite understood my point. （是的，苏，但是你也许还不十分
理解我的观点。)
a.fresh /e`fref; e'fref/ adv fml once more from the beginning;
again 【正式】再，另行，重新： After his business collapsed he had
to start afresh. 他的生意倒闭了之后，他只好从头开始。
Af-ric.a /aefrike; 'aefrike/ a CONTINENT (=one of the seven mair
areas of land on the Earth) that is south of the Mediterranean
Sea, and west of Asia and the Indian Ocean 非洲〔七大洲之一，
位于地中海以南，亚洲及印度洋以西
Af.ri-can /'aefriken; 'aefriken/ n someone who comes from Af-
rica, especially a black person 非洲人〔尤指非洲黑人) - Afri-
can adj: African countries 非洲国家 | African languages 非
洲语言
African A·mer·i.can /·.'·/ n especially AmE an Americar
whose family were originally brought to the US as SLAVES in
the 17th to 19th centuries【尤美】非裔美国人〔17至19世纪被运
往美国的黑人奴隶的后裔) - African-American adj: a promi-
nent African-American lawyer 一位杰出的非裔美国律师
African Na-tion-al Con-gress, the /·.···/ n - see参见
ANC
African vi·o-let /，· '·/ n a house plant with small pink or
purple flowers, which is popular in the UK and the US非洲紫
罗兰
Af·ri-kaans /aefri`kanz;aefri'ka:ns/ n [U] a language of South
Africa similar to Dutch 南非荷兰语〔南非通用，近似荷兰语
Af·ri·ka.ner /，aefri`kane;efri'ka:ne/ n a white South African
whose first language is Afrikaans, and whose family originally
came to Africa from the Netherlands in the 17th century南
非白人〔母语为南非荷兰语，17世纪非洲荷兰移民的后裔〕-
Afrikaner adj: Afrikaner farmers 南非白人农民
Af.ro /aefro; 'aefrou/ n Afros a hair style popular with black
people in the 1970s in which the hair is cut into a round shape
非洲式（蓬松）发型〔将头发做成圆的发型，20世纪70年代流行于
黑人当中
Afro- - see 参见 WORD FORMATION
Afro-Car-ib-be.an /.../n a black person who comes from
the Caribbean or whose family originally came from there.
especially one who lives in the UK or the US. The black popu-
lation of the Caribbean originally came from Africa as SLAVES
非裔加勒比人，加勒比黑人〔尤指现在居住在英国或美国的加勒比
黑人。他们来自加勒比地区或者是该地移民的后代。加勒比地区
的黑人最初是从非洲来的奴隶)：How many British MPs are Afro-
Caribbeans?英国下议院议员中有多少人是加勒比黑人？- Afro
Caribbean adj: Afro-Caribbean culture 加勒比黑人文化
aft /aeft; a:ft/ adj, adv in or towards the STERN (=the back part)
of a boat or aircraft 在[向]船尾[机尾] - opposite 反义词 fore
compare 比较 FORWARD4
*af·ter1 /aefte; 'a:fte/ prep 1 following in time; later than 〔时间
上)在之后，晚于：We'll leave after breakfast.我们吃完早餐以
后就走。| They will be back the day after tomorrow.他们后
天回来。| I don't like going out after dark.我不喜欢天黑以后
出门。I After the performance there was enthusiastic
applause.演出之后，响起了一片热烈的掌声。| a film about life
after a nuclear attack 描写核攻击后生活状况的一部影片
(AmE美) It's twenty after seven.现在是7点20分。2 follow.
ing continuously （顺序上）接连在后： Day after day the rain
continued. 雨一天一天地下个不停。| It seems to be just one
problem after another. 看来问题是一个接着一个。3 following
in place or order 〔位置或顺序上)在·后面： He entered the roomt
after his father. 他跟在他父亲后面进了房间。」 Your name
comes after mine in the list.在名单上，你的名字排在我的后面。
Shut the door after you. (=when you have gone through)(出
去时)请随手关门。| After you with the sugar, please. (=can I
have it next?)你加过糖后请把糖罐递给我。4 as a result of; be.
cause of 由于；既然： After the way he treated me I never want
to see him again.他既然那样对待我，我以后再也不想见他了。
5 in spite of 尽管，虽然： After all my care in packing it, the
clock arrived broken.尽管我包装时十分小心，这钟运到时还是
摔坏了。6 in search of (especially in order to punish); looking
for 搜寻〔尤指为了惩处)；寻找： The police are after me.警察
在追捕我。|“What are you after?”“I'm looking for my coat.\"
“你在找什么？”“我在找我的外套。”7 with the name of 以··命
名： The boy was named after his uncle.这男孩以他大伯的名命
名。8 fml in the manner or style of 【正式】模仿，仿照： This is a
painting after Rembrandt. 这是仿伦勃朗的一幅画。9 after all:
a in spite of everything 毕竟，终究： So you see I was right
0025
after all!你看，我毕竟还是对了嘛！ b it must be remembered
that)必须记住： I know he hasn't finished the work but, after
all, he's very busy. 我知道他还没有完成这项工作，但请不要忘
记他是个大忙人。-- see also 另见 ASK after, after one's own
heart (HEART), TAKE after
*after2 conj at a later time than (when)在 (·时间)之后： I found
your coat after you had left the house.你离开这房子之后，我就
找到了你的外衣。| She started the job soon after/shortly af
ter she left the university.她大学毕业后不久就开始做这份工作。
*after3 adv [after n 用于名词后] later; afterwards 以后，继后：John
came on Tuesday, and I arrived the day after.约翰是星期二
来的，我比他迟到一天。
□USAGE 用法说明 After with the meaning ‘afterwards
usually follows another time adverb.在表示“以后”，“后来’
的意义时，after 常用于另一个时间副词之后：We arrived
just/soon/shortly after.(我们随后不久就到了。)But in in-
formal English it can follow other words.但在非正式英语
中， after 也可用于其他词之后： We had dinner and went
home afterwards/(infml 非正式) after.(我们用了晚餐，随
后就回家去了。
after4 adj [A] 1 lit later in time 【文】以后的，后来的： He grew
weak in after years. 在以后的几年里，他身体越来越衰弱了。2
tech in the back part of a boat or aircraft 【术语】〔船、飞机等〕后
部的： the after deck 后甲板
after- - see 参见 WORD FORMATION
af·ter·birth /aefto b30; 'a:fteb3:0/ n the material that comes
out of a woman just after she has given birth to a child 胞衣，胎
盘和胎膜 - compare 比较PLACENTA
af·ter·care /`aefto ker: 'a:ftekee/n [U] the care or treatment
given to someone after a period in hospital, prison etc 病人出
院后的调养；犯人出狱后的安置
af·ter·ef·fect /`aeftere fekt;'a:ftarfekt/ n [often pl.常用复数
an effect (usually unpleasant) that follows some time after the
cause or after the main effect〔不良的〕后效；后作用；副作用；后
遗效应
After Eight /，· '·/ n trademark a type of flat, square, choco
late-covered soft PEPPERMINT sweet which is popular especially
after formal meals【商标】“八点后”巧克力薄片〔一种正方形的巧
克力涂层薄荷软糖，多在正餐后食用
af·ter·glow/`aefto glo; 'a:ftegleu/n [usually sing. 一般用单
数]1 the light that remains in the western sky after the sun has
set〔日落后的〕余辉，夕照2 a pleasant feeling that remains af-
ter a happy experience or event〔欢乐后的)余味，事后愉快的回
忆；余韵
af·terlife /`aefte laif: 'g:ftelaif/n -lives /-laivz; -laivz/ [usually
sing. 一般用单数] 1 life after death 来世 2 the later part of a
person's life, especially after a particular event晚年，后半生
〔尤指经历过特殊事件之后的)余生-compare 比较HEREAFTER2
af·ter·math /`aefte,mae0; 'a:ftemae0/ n [(of) usually sing.一般
用单数] the result or period following a bad event such as an
accident, storm, war etc〔不幸事件造成的)后果，余殃，余波：the
danger of disease in the aftermath of the earthquake 地震后
引发疫病的危险
*af·ter·noon/efto`nun;a:fte'nu:n/n [C; U] the period be
tween midday and either sunset or the end of the day's work下
午，午后：a hot afternoon炎热的下午 | on Tuesday afternoons
逢星期二下午 ⊥I'll have a sleep in the afternoon.午后我要睡
一会。| tomorrow afternoon 明天下午「 an afternoon swim
午后游泳| in the early/late afternoon午后不久；快到傍晚时
- compare 比较 EVENING
af·ter·noons/,aefte`nunz;,a:fte'nu:nz/ adv especially AmE in
the afternoon repeatedly; during any afternoon【尤美】每天下
午，下午时： I'm always out afternoons.午后我总是出去
afternoon tea/,· '/ n [C; U] BrE, AustrE a drink of tea and
sometimes a light meal taken at about four o'clock in the
afternoon【英，澳】下午茶
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK afternoon tea
is traditionally a rather formal meal where you drink tea
and eat small SANDWICHes (especially CUCUMBER
sandwiches), SCONES, and cakes. Not many British people
now have this type of meal at home, but it is still served ir
hotels and in special TEA ROOMS that serve tea in delicate
finely decorated cups.在英国，下午茶在传统上是比较正式
的一餐，人们常喝喝茶，吃些三明治（尤其是黄瓜三明治）、烤
饼和蛋糕。现在大多数英国人在家已没有这种习惯了，但在宾
馆和专门的茶坊里仍供应下午茶，那里使用的茶具非常精美
af·ters /`aefta·z: 'g:ftez/ n [P] BrE infml the part of a meal that
comes after the main dish; DESSERT【英，非正式】餐后的甜食：
What are we having for afters?我们餐后用什么甜食？
after-sales ser.vice /..·/ n [U] the services such as provid
ing SPARE PARTS, repairs, and advice offered to customers af-
ter they have bought something 售后服务： The company pro-
vides a very good after-sales service. 这家公司的售后服务非
常好。
af·ter·shave `aefto fev; 'a:ftefeiv/ also 又作 aftershave lo·tion
/'··/- n [C: U] a liquid with a pleasant smell for use on the
face after shaving(SHAVE)〔剃须后用的〕搽面香液
af.ter.taste /aefto test; 'a:fteteist/ n a taste, especially an un-
pleasant taste, that stays in the mouth after the food that caused
it is no longer there〔饮食后口中的)余味〔尤指不好的气味)：(fig.
喻) The angry exchange of words left an unpleasant aftertaste.
彼此恶语相骂后，留下了不快的回忆
af-ter·thought /`aefte 0ot; 'a:fte0o:t/ n 1 an idea that comes
later 事后的想法 2 something added later, especially something
that was not part of the original plan〔尤指原计划所没有的〕增
加的东西： The conservatory was an afterthought, added on to
the building several years later.暖房是该建筑物建成几年之
后加盖的
*af·ter·wards /`aefto·wo·dz; 'a:ftewedz/ also 又作 af·ter·ward
/-wo·d; -wed/ AmE【美】 - adv later; after that 以后，后来 --
see 参见 AFTER3(USAGE)
AFTRA/`aeftre; 'aeftre/ abbrev. for 缩写= American Federation
of Television and Radio Artists; a TRADE UNION in the US for
actors and actresses who perform on television and radio
programmes 美国电视广播艺术家联合会〔美国广播电视演员的一
个工会组织〕- compare 比较 EQUITY,SAG
A.ga /`age; 'a:ge/ trademark a type of cooker made of solid
iron, which is similar in design to the types of cooker that people
used to have in the past. Agas now usually work by electricity,
oil, or gas, and they are expensive. They are popular with
MIDDLE CLASS people who live (or would like to live) in the
country, and have large kitchens.【商标】“爱家”炊具〔一种用纯
铁造的炊具，形式类似旧时的炊具。现在一般使用电、油或煤气，
价格昂贵。这种炊具深受中产阶级喜爱，因为他们住在（或向往住
在)乡村，拥有很大的厨房
*a.gain /e`gn; e'gen/ adv 1 once more; one more time 再一次
又： Please say that again. 请再说一遍。| Let's start again
from the beginning. 让我们从头再来一遍。| Never do that
again! 再也不要做那种事了！ | He told the story once again/
yet again. 他又一次讲那故事。| The committee will meet again
next Thursday.委员会定于下星期四再开会。 2 back tothe place,
condition etc, as before 回到原处；恢复原状： She was ill but
now she is well again. 她病了一阵，不过现在已恢复健康。| He's
home again now.他现在又回到了家里。3 besides; further 此
外，加之，再者：I could eat as much(=the same amount) again.
我还能再吃这么多。4 however; on the other hand 然而，抑或，
在另一方面： She might agree, and then again she might not.
她可能同意，然而也可能不同意。5 again and again also 又作
time and (time) again, over and over again - very often
repeatedly 一再，屡次： I've told them again and again not to
play there. 我已多次告诉他们不要在那里玩。- see also 另见
now and again (NOW)
*a.gainst/e`genst; e'genst/ prep 1 in opposition to 反对： We will
fight against the enemy.我们将同敌方作战。| There were 20
votes for her and 12 against her.赞成她的有 20票,反对她的
有12票。| They are strongly against the idea. 他们很不赞成
这个主意。| Against all probability, she won a place in the
finals.出乎大家的意料，她居然打进了决赛圈。|Stealing is
against the law. (=illegal) 偷窃是违法的。| They went ahead
with the plan,against my wishes.Galthough i did not want
them to)他们把这次计划进行下去，虽然我并不希望他们这样做。
2 in the direction of and touching or meeting 对着；碰，撞： The
rain beat against the windows. 雨点打在窗上。3 touching es-
pecially for support 倚靠着： She was leaning against the wall
她倚墙而立。4 in an opposite direction to 逆，对着： We sailed
against the wind. 我们逆风航行。5 as a defence or protection
from 抵抗，抵御： They were vaccinated against cholera. 他们
注射了预防霍乱的疫苗。6 having as a background 以·为背景
对照；衬托： The picture looks good against that light wall. 这
幅画在浅色墙面的衬托下，看上去很不错。7 causing disadvan
tage to; having an unfavourable effect on 对·有不利影响： The
present economic climate works against the smaller
companies. 当前的经济气候对小公司不利。| His prison record
will count against him.他有坐过牢的记录，这对他将是个不利
因素。8 fml in preparation for【正式】为··做准备： They have
saved some money against their old age. 他们存了些钱以备养
0026
老。- see also 另见 over against (OVER2) 9He that is not
with me is against me quote from the Bible any person who
does not openly support me is opposed to me【引自圣经】不信
从我的人就是反对我
A.ga Khan, the /age`kan; a:ge 'ka:n/ (1936- )an Arab leader
who is the head of a Muslim group called the Ismailis. He is
extremely rich and is known for owning many racehorses.阿
迦汗〔(1936-)，伊斯兰教伊斯玛仪派领袖。他极其富有，以拥有
许多赛马而著称〕
Ag.a·mem·non /ege`mmnan;ege'memnen/ in ancient
Greek stories, the king of MYCENAE and leader of the Greeks
in the TROJAN WAR. When he came home after the war, he was
murdered by his wife. CLYTEMNESTRA and her lover Aegisthus
阿伽门农〔古希腊传说中的迈锡尼王，特洛伊战争中为希腊联军统
帅。战后回到家时，被妻子克吕泰墨斯特拉及其情夫埃癸斯托斯杀
死)- see also 另见 ILIAD
a·gape /e`gep; e'geip/ adj, adv [F] 1 wide open 大张着（的）：
They watched with their mouths agape. 他们张大着嘴瞧着。
- see also 另见 GAPE 2 [(with)] in a state of wonder 惊讶的
(地)： The children were agape (with excitement) as they
watched the programme.孩子们看表演时，个个（惊奇得）目瞪
口呆。
ag·ate /`aegit; 'aegt/ n [C; U] a hard stone with bands of colour,
used in jewellery 玛瑙
*age1/ed3; eid3/ n 1 [C] the period of time a person has lived or
a thing has existed〔人或物的〕存在时间，年龄；寿命： She en-
tered parliament at the age of 26.她26岁时成为国会议员。
He doesn't look his age. (=He looks younger than he actually
is.)他看上去比他的实际岁数小。|At your age you should know
better.在你这个年龄，你应该更懂道理了。| What ages are (not
have) your childrer?你的孩子分别多大了? 」 She marrie a
man who was twice her age. (=twice as old as she was)她嫁了
个年纪比她大一倍的男人。2 [U] one of the periods of a
person's life 人生的一个阶段： Who is going to look after them
in theirold age ？ (=when they are old)他们上了年纪时，谁去
照顾他们呢？|A person of 40 has reachedmiddle age.人到
40岁已步入中年。」 retirement age 退休年龄 」 men of mili
tary age (=within the age range considered acceptable for
soldiers) 在入伍年龄范围内的男子 - see also 另见 TEENAGE
3 [U] the state of being old 年老： His back was bent with age
他老得背都驼了。4 [U] the particular time of life at which a
person becomes able or not able to do something 〔从事或不能
从事某一活动的)限定年龄； You can't drive a car yet -- you're
stillunder age.(=you're too young)你还不能驾驶汽车—你
还没到法定的开车年龄呢。| He won't be called up for mili
tary service- he'sover age.他不会被征召入伍——他已经超
龄了。- see also 另见 AGE OF CONSENT 5 [C usually sing. -
般用单数](often cap.常用大写) a particular period of history
时代，世纪： The period in which people learnt to make tool:
of iron is called theIron Age.人类学会用铁制造工具的时代称
为“铁器时代”。| We are living in the nuclear age/the space
age.我们正生活在核子时代[太空时代]。- see also 另见
GOLDEN AGE 6 [C] also 又作 ages pl. — infml a long time 【非
正式】长时间： It's been ages/an age since we met. 我们很久没
有见面了。7come of age: a to reach the particular age, usually
18 or 21， at which one becomes responsible in law for one's
own actions, and one is allowed to vote, own property etc达到
法定成年年龄<通常为18或21岁>b to reach a stage of full de
velopment 到达成熟[充分发展]时期： The company has now
been successfully established for ten years, and has really
come of age.这家公司成立以来已顺利经营10年，现在已经站
稳脚跟了。- see also 另见COMING OF AGE 8age before beauty
a phrase used humorously by someone letting another person
go through a door first 您老先请〔一种幽默的说法，用来表示让
另一个人先进门或先出去
age2νaged, ageing or aging [I; T] 1 to (cause to) become old
or seem old （使） 变老： After his illness he aged quickly. 他病
后老得很快。| His illness seems to have aged him quite
noticeably.他的病似乎使他明显地变老了。—see also另见
AGEING'2 to improve, especially in taste, as time passes〔因历
时长久而〕变好〔尤指味道变醇厚)： This cheese has aged for
nearly two years. 这种干酪已经存放了近两年，变得美味可口。
Age Con.cern /'/ a British CHARITY organization that helps
old people. Many towns in the UK have Age Concern shops,
where they sell SECOND-HAND clothes, books, kitchen equip-
ment etc to earn money for the charity.老年福利会〔英国的一
个帮助老年人的慈善机构。在英国，许多村镇都有老年福利会商
店，以出售二手服装、书籍、厨房用品等为机构筹集资金〕
aged'/`ed3d; 'eid3d/ adj 1 [F] being of the stated number of
years ·岁的： They've got two children, aged 3 and 7. 他们有
两个孩子，一个三岁，一个七岁。2(of cheese or wine) fully
developed, especially in taste〔指干酪、酒的味道等〕醇厚的，芳
香的
ag·ed2 /`ed3id; 'eid3d/ adj very old 年老的： an aged man 老翁|
[also 又作 n, the+P] special arrangements for theaged and
infirm为老年人和残疾人所作的特殊安排
age di-scrim.i·na.tion/'·,.·/ n [U] AmE for【美】= AGEISM
age group /' / also 又作 age bracket /'，·/ - n [C+sing./pl
y] the people between two particular ages considered as a group
介于两个年龄之间的一群人，年龄群； a book written for children
in the 12-14 age group专为12至14岁年龄群的儿童写的书
age·ing1BrE【英】‖usually 一般作 aging AmE【美】/`ed3in;
eid3in/-adj [A] becoming old; rather old, especially older
than is considered desirable or suitable 变老的；陈旧的： We need
to replace some of this ageing office equipment.我们需要把
这套过时的办公室设备换掉一部分。|an ageing playboy/hip.
pie 时下已经衰老的花花公子[嬉皮士]
age·ing2 BrE【英】‖usually 一般作 aging AmE【美】-- n [U]
1 the process of getting old 老化： a healthy diet which retards
ageing 延缓衰老的保健饮食| the ageing process 老化过程
2 the changes that happen (e.g. to wine or cheese) as time passes
存放所引致之变化，变陈，熟化<如酒、干酪等>
age·is·m,agism /`ed3izem;'eid3izem/ BrE【英】age discrimi
nation AmE【美】-- n [U] the making of unfair differences be
tween people because of their age, especially treating youn
people more favourably than old people 年龄歧视〔尤指对老年
人的歧视)： He didn't get the job because he's over 40 -- that's
pure ageism.他因为年过40，所以没有得到那份工作——这纯
粹是年龄歧视。- ageist adj, n
age·less /ed3lis; 'eid3les/ adj never growing old or never show-
ing signs of growing old 永不衰老的： an ageless song 一首永
远有活力的歌曲|ageless beauty美颜永驻-
~ness n [U]
age lim·it /'./ n an upper or lower age beyond which one is
not allowed to do something 年龄限制
a.gen.cy /`ed3ensi; 'eid3ansi/n 1 [C] a business that makes its
money by bringing people into touch with others or the prod-
ucts of others 经办[销]处，代理行；经纪业务： I got this job
through an employment agency.我通过职业介绍所找到了这份
工作。」 an advertising agency 广告社 」 The company has
agencies (=offices representing it) all over the world.这家公
司在全世界都有代理机构。- see also 另见 DATING AGENCY
NEWS AGENCY 2 [C] especially AmE a department of a gov-
ernment or of an international body【尤美】〔政府或国际机构的)
部；处： a United Nations agency responsible for helping refu
gees 联合国难民事务处 3 [S(of)] the power or force which
causes a result 动力，力量，作用： Iron is melted by the agency
of heat.热力使铁熔化。
Agency for In-ter-na.tion.al De.vel.op.ment/....
AID abbrey. 缩写 a US government department that provides
money to help poorer countries. The money is used for buying
food and medicines, building homes and schools, and devel-
oping farms and industries.国际开发署〔美国政府部门，向贫困
国家提供资金，帮助他们购买食物和药品、建造住房和学校，以及
发展工农业
a.gen.da /e`d3ende; e'd3ende/ n-das a list of the subjects to be
dealt with or talked about at a meeting(会议的)议（事日）程
What's on the agenda for this afternoon's meeting?今天下午
会议的议程是什么？」 the first item on the agenda 第一项议程
The question of salary increases is high on the agenda.增加
薪金问题是要讨论的重要议程。|(fig.喻) Education has risen
to the top of the political agenda.教育问题已成了最热门的政
治话题。- see also 另见 HIDDEN AGENDA
a·gent /`ed3ent; 'eid3ant/ n 1 a person whose job is to represent
another person, a company etc, especially one who brings
people into touch with others or deals with the business affairs
of a person or company 代理人，代理商；经纪： Our agent in
Rome deals with all our Italian business.我们在罗马的代理
商负责我们在意大利的全部业务。| An estate agent (BrE 英)/
real estate agent (AmE美) arranges the buying and selling
of houses.房地产经纪人安排房屋的买卖。| A literary agent
manages the business affairs of an author.文稿代理人负责代
作家处理商业性事务。- see also 另见 DOUBLE AGENT, FREE
AGENT, LAND AGENT, SECRET AGENT 2 fml or tech a person o
thing that works to produce a result【正式或术语】作用者[物]，
原动力，动因；作用剂： Rain and sun are the agents which help
plants to grow. 雨水和阳光是促进植物生长的原动力。| Soap
is a cleansing agent.肥皂是一种清洁剂。
Agent Or·ange /.·/ n [U] a chemical weapon used by US
soldiers during the VIETNAM WAR to destroy the Vietnamese
forests. It is now believed that Agent Orange also harmed
0027
people's health, because many people who breathed it or usec
it have developed CANCER and their children have been borr
with abnormal body parts.橙剂，枯叶剂〔美军士兵在越南战争
中所使用的一种化学武器，用以摧毁越南的森林。现在，它被认为
对人体亦有害处，因为许多吸入橙剂或使用它的人得了癌症，生下
了畸形婴儿〕
a.gent pro.voc.a.teur/,a3an pro,vake`t3;,e3on provoke't3:/
n agents provocateurs (same pronunciation 读音相同) Fr a
person who is employed by the government or police, to en-
courage criminals or those working against the state to do some-
thing illegal so that they can be caught 【法】〔受政府或警方雇
用，诱使罪犯或反对国家者做违法的事以便对他们加以逮捕的〕密
探，坐探，卧底密探
age of con·sent, the /...'/ n the age at which a person is
considered to be old enough to marry or have sexual relations
without breaking the law. In Britain the age of consent is 16
for HETEROSEXUAL sex and 18 for HOMOSEXUAL sex between
men. In the US, the age of consent varies from state to state,
but usually it is between 16 and 18.同意年龄，合法年龄〔可以
结婚或与他人发生性关系而不算犯法的最低年龄。在英国异性性
关系的合法年龄为16岁，男子同性恋的合法年龄为18岁。在美
国合法年龄的规定各个州是不同的，但一般在16到18岁之间〕
Age of En·light·en·ment, the /，...·./ also 又作 the Age of
Rea·son /，'·/ a period in European history, in the 18th
century, when educated people thought that belief should de-
pend on reason and scientific proof 启蒙时代〔18世纪欧洲历史
上的一段时期，当时受过教育的人都认为信仰应以理性和科学实证
为依据〕
age-old/·/ adi having existed for a very long time 存在已久
的；古老的： age-old customs 古老的习俗 | It's nothing new.
It's an age-old problem. 这不是什么新的问题，是老问题了
ag·glom·er·ate/e`glame ret; e'glpmereit/ v [I; T] fiml to col
lect or gather into a confused mass or pile【正式】聚结成块[成堆]
-agglomerate /e`glamerit; e'glomert/ adj --ation /e glame-
refen; e glome'reifen/ n [C; U]: The town is surrounded by
agglomerations of ugly new houses.城镇四周杂乱地盖起了许
多难看的新房子
ag-glom·er·ate/e`glamerit; e'glomert/n [S; U] fiml or tech a
type of rock formed from pieces of hard material from a VOL-
CANO that have been melted and united by heat【正式或术语】
〔由火山喷发物形成的〕集块岩
ag·glu·ti·na·tion /e glutn`efen;e,glu:t'neifan/n [U] tech【术
语】1 sticking or becoming stuck together, especially in a jelly.
like form 黏结；凝集；胶合： agglutination of bacteria/red blood
cells 细菌[红血球]之凝集 2 the formation of new words by
combining separate parts which each have their own meaning
(such as shipyard from ship and yard)〔构成新词的〕黏着法，
胶着语形<如 shipyard 由 ship 和 yard 两字结合而成> - -native
e`glutn etrv; e'glu:tnetiv/ adj: an agglutinative language (=in
which words are formed by agglutination)黏着性语言
ag·gran·dize·ment also 又作 -disement BrE【英】/e`graendiz.
ment; e'graendzment/ n [U] usually derog increase in size
bower, or rank, especially when intentionally planned【一般贬】
〔规模、权力、地位等的〕扩大，提高，扩张： He is willing to tell
lies and break promises for his own personal aggrandizement
为了扩大个人权力，他可以撒谎和不遵守诺言
ag·gra·vate /aegre vet; 'aegreveit/ v [T] 1 to make (a difficult
situation) more serious or dangerous; make worse 使加重[加
剧，恶化，变得更坏]： The lack of rain aggravated the already
serious shortage of food.干旱少雨使原来就很严重的粮食短缺
问题更加严重。| Their debt problem was further aggravated
by the rise in interest rates,他们的债务问题因利率的提高而进
·步恶化了。2 infml to make angry, especially by continual
annoyance【非正式】惹恼，激怒： aggravating delays caused by
heavy traffic 由交通拥挤造成的令人恼火的延误 ---vatingly adv
-vation /，aegre`vefen;aegre'veifan/ n.[C;U]
USAGE 用法说明 Although aggravate is commonly
used to mean 'annoy', this is often thought by teachers to
be incorrect. 尽管 aggravate 通常都用来表示 annoy （使苦
恼)的含意，但许多教师常常认为这种用法是不正确的：a dif-
ficulty is aggravated (=made worse); a person is irritated
or annoyed.表示困难“加重”了我们用 aggravated,人“被
惹怒”了则用 irritated 或 annoved。- see also 另见 AN-
GRY (USAGE), ANNOY (USAGE)
ag·gre·gate^aegrigit;'aegrigt/n 1 [C;U] fiml a total 【正式】总
数，合计： The football team had a low goal aggregate last
season.这支足球队上个赛季的进球总数很少。| What were the
company's aggregate earnings for the year?公司今年的总收
入有多少？2 [S; U] tech the materials, such as sand and smal
stones, that are mixed with CEMENT to form CONCRETE【术语】
〔和水泥搅拌构成混凝土的〕集料，混凝料<如黄沙、碎石等)
ag·gre·gate2/`aegri get; 'aegrigeit/ vfml or tech【正式或术语】
1 [I; T] to bring or come together into a group or mass(使)聚
集成群[团] 2 [L+n] to reach a total of; add up to 总计，合计，计
达： Her earnings from all sources aggregated ￡100,000.她
的各项收入总计达10万英镑。--gation/aegri`gefen;,aegri'gei-
fan/ n [C;U]
ag.gres.sion /e`grafen; e'grefan/ n [U] the act or tendency of
starting a quarrel, fight, or war, especially without just cause
挑衅；侵犯；侵略： The military exercise was condemned as an
act of aggression 这次军事演习被谴责为一次挑衅行为。- see
also 另见 NONAGGRESSION
ag.gres.sive /e`gresiv; e'gresiv/ adj 1 derog always ready to
quarrel or attack; BELLIGERENT【贬】好争吵[打架]的，好斗的.
挑衅（性） 的： an aggressive manner 一副挑衅的架势 2 apprec
not afraid of opposition; determined and forceful; ASSERTIVE
【褒】不怕反对的；有进取心的；有冲劲的：A successful business
man must be aggressive.成功的实业家必定是有闯劲的。| an
aggressive marketing campaign 雄心勃勃的推销活动 3(of
weapons) made for use in attack （武器〕进攻性的 - ~ly adv -
~ness n [U]
ag.gres.sor /e`grese; e'grese/ n a person or country that be
gins a quarrel, fight, war etc, with another, especially without
just cause 挑衅者，攻击者，侵略者
g.grieved /e`grivd; o'gri:vd/ adj 1 showing hurt, angry, and
bitter feelings, especially because one has been unfairly treated
〔因受委屈而〕愤愤不平的；感到委屈的；愤恨的 2 especially law
having suffered as a result of the illegal actions of someone
else 【尤律】受到损害的，受害方的： The allegations of fraud were
proved and the court awarded the aggrieved parties substan
tial damages.指控欺诈的陈述得到证实，法庭判给受害方巨额的
赔偿金
ag·gro /`aegro; 'aegreo/ n [U] BrE slang trouble, especially
fighting, e.g. between groups of young people; used especially
of the behaviour of young aggressive men, who enjoy fighting
【英俚】斗殴；打群架；纠纷〔尤指年轻人气盛好斗的行为〕
a·ghast /e`gaest; e'ga:st/ adj [F (at)] suddenly filled with great
surprise, fear, and shock 大为震惊的，吓呆了的： She was aghast
when she was told of her husband's huge gambling debts.她
听到丈夫欠下大笔赌债，不由得惊呆了。
ag.ile /`aed3ol; 'aed3ail/ adj able to move quickly and easily:
NIMBLE〔动作〕敏捷的，灵活的：an agile animal灵巧的动物
(fig.喻) an agile mind机敏的头脑-~ly adv--ility /e`d3ilet
e'd3ilti/n[U]
A.gin.court /aed3in kort; 'aed3nko:t/ a famous battle in France
in 1415， which the English, led by King HENRY V, won against
the French. There are scenes of this battle in the play Henry V
by William SHAKESPEARE.阿让库尔战役〔1415年发生在法国
的一场著名战役，英军在国王亨利五世的率领下打败了法军。莎士
比亚的《亨利五世》中描写了这场战争的场面
ag·ing /`ed3in; 'eid3in/ n [U] = AGEING
ag·is·m /`ed3izem; 'eid3izam/n[U] = AGEISM
ag.i·tate /`aed3e tet; 'aed3teit/ v1 [T] to make (someone) feel
anxious and nervous 使（人）焦虑[不安]： He became quite agi.
tated when he was asked about his criminal past.当问到他过
去的犯罪历史时，他变得十分焦虑不安。2[I(for,against)]to
argue strongly in public for or against some political or social
change 鼓动，煽动；宣传： to agitate for cheaper school meals
进行宣传，要求降低学校伙食收费3[T]to shake(a liquid)abou
搅动：摇动〔液体〕
ag·i·ta·tion /aed3e`tefen;aed3'terfan/n 1 [U] painful excite.
ment of the mind or feelings; anxiety 焦虑，极度不安： He was
in a state of great agitation. 他处于异常焦虑的状态。2 [C; U
(for, against)] public argument, action, unrest etc, for or against
political or social change 公开辩论，鼓动宣传；〔由此引起的政治
或社会〕不安，骚动
ag.ita tor /`aed3e tet; 'aed3teite/ n 1 usually derog a persor
who excites and influences public feeling, especially towards
political change【一般贬】〔尤指政治变革的〕鼓动者，煽动者2 a
machine for shaking or mixing 搅拌器[机]
a.glow /e`glo; e'gleu/ adj [F (with)] bright with colour or ex
citement 显现红色的；〔兴奋得)面色发红的： The sky was aglow
with the setting sun.夕阳染红了天空。] a face aglow with
excitement 兴奋得满面红光
AGM/,e d3i `sm;,ei d3i: 'em/ n BrE abbrev. for 缩写= annua
general meeting; a meeting that happens once a year when the
members of a company, club, or other organization elect
officials, discuss what the organization has done during the
0028
year, make new plans etc【英】〔公司，会所等的〕年会〔一年一度
选举干事、回顾业绩及制定新计划等的会议〕
ag.nos.tic/aeg`nastik; aeg'nostik/ n, adj (a person) who believes
that nothing can be known about God or life after death不可知
论者（的）- compare 比较 ATHEIST -~ism /aeg`naste sizem;
aeg'nostsizam/n[U]
a.go/e`go;e'geu/ adj [after n or adv 用于名词或副词后] back in
time from now; in the past 以往的，以前的： He left ten minutes
agolfive years ago.他是十分钟[五年]前离开的。| How long
ago did he leave?他是多久以前离开的? 」 He died long agola
long time ago. 他早就死了[很久以前就死了]。-- compare 比
较FOR1(7)
USAGE 用法说明 1 Ago is nearly always used with
verbs in past forms and not with verbs formed with have.
ago 几乎总是同过去式动词连用，而不和带 have 的动词连用
Compare 比较 I came here a year ago(我一年前到这里)
and 和 I have been here for a year/since 1985.（我来这里
已有一年了[我从1985 年起就在这里了])。2 When we are
contrasting a more distant time in the past with a nearer
ime we use before (that) or previously instead of ago.当
我们把过去更远的一个时间同过去较近的一个时间对比时，我
们就用 before (that) 或 previously,而不用 ago: My grand-
father died five years ago; my grandmother had already
died three years before (that)/previously (=eight years
ago).(我祖父五年前去世了；我祖母在那之前三年就已经去世
了<即在八年前>。)
a.gog /e`gag; e'gpg/ adj [F (with)] infml full of eager excite
ment and expectation【非正式】极度兴奋地期待着的：急切的：渴
望的： The children were all agog (with excitement) as the
actor pulled a gun from his pocket. 当演员从口袋里掏出手枪
时，孩子们个个都（兴奋地）等着看他下面怎么做。
ag·o·nize also 又作 -nise BrE【英】/`aege naiz; 'aegenaiz/ν[I
(over)] infml to make a long and anxious effort when consid-
ering something or trying to make a decision【非正式】〔在考虑
件事或作出一项决定前〕焦虑，忧愁，苦恼：After agonizing
(over it) for days we finally made up our minds.(为此事)苦
恼了好几天之后，我们终于拿定了主意。
ag·o·nized also 又作 -nised BrE【英】/`aege,naizd; 'aegenaizd/
adj expressing great pain 痛苦的： She let out an agonized cry.
她发出痛苦的叫喊声
ag·o·niz·ing also 又作 -nising BrE【英】/aege,naizin;'aegenaizin/
adj causing great pain or anxiety 引起痛苦 [焦虑]的： an ago
nizing decision/delay 令人痛苦的决定[拖延] -~ly adv
ag.o·ny `aegeni; 'aegeni/ n [C; U] very great pain or suffering
of mind or body 〔身心的)极大痛苦； He lay in agony until the
doctor arrived. 在医生来到之前，他一直非常痛苦地躺在那里。
I was in an agony of doubtlin agonies of doubt. 我疑虑不安
十分痛苦
agony aunt/'· ·/ BrE【英】‖advice columnist AmE【美】 - n
a woman who gives advice to readers in an agony column.
Famous agony aunts in Britain are Marjorie PROOPS and Claire
RAYNER, and in the US Dear Abby and Ann LANDERS,“为您解
忧专栏”女作家，解答读者疑难的专栏女作家〔英国主要有马乔丽
普鲁普斯和克莱尔·雷纳，美国有迪尔·阿比和安·兰德斯〕
agony col·umn /'· ，·/ n BrE【英】‖ advice column AmE
【美】- n a part of a newspaper especially a TABLOID, or maga
zine containing letters from readers about their personal
problems, together with advice from the newspaper or magazine
〔报刊上的〕“为您解忧专栏”，“答读者问专
ag·o·ra·pho.bi·a /，aegere`fobie;,egare'feubie/ n [U] fear of
open spaces 旷野[广场]恐怖 （症） - compare 比较 CLAUSTRO-
PHOBIA
ag.o.ra.pho.bic/,egere`fobik; aegare'feubik/n, adj (a person)
suffering from agoraphobia 患旷野[广场]恐怖症的（人）
a.grar.i·an/e`grarion;e'grearien/ adjconcerning land, especially
farmland or who owns it 土地[耕地]的；土地所有权的： a cam-
paigner for agrarian reform 土地改革的鼓吹者
a.gree /e`gri; e'gri:/v1 [I (with, about, on); T obj; not in pro
gressive forms不用进行式] to have or share the same opinion
feeling, or purpose; CONCUR 意见[感觉、目的]一致，同意：I
thought it was a good idea, but she didn't agree.我认为这是
一个好主意，但她不同意。| I agree with you about his latest
book — it's awful.我同意你对他那本新作品的意见——很糟
糕！ | We agreed on a price for the car.我们就车价达成了一致
意见。| [+to-v] We agreed to leave at once. 我们同意立即走。|
+(that)] It is generally agreed (=most people agree) that she
is the best tennis player in the country,大家都认为她是全国
最优秀的网球选手。|“I think it's a bad idea.”“I couldn't
agree more.\"(=I completely agree.)“我认为这是一个坏主意。”
“我完全同意。”- opposite 反义词 disagree; see 参见 REFUSE
(USAGE)2 [I(to)] to say yes to an idea, opinion, suggestion
etc, especially after unwillingness or argument; CONSENT 表示
同意；赞同；答应； I suggested that we should go on holiday
and she agreed at once.我建议我们外出度假，她立即表示赞
同。| We'll never get him to agree to it. 我们永远也无法使他
赞同这一点。3 [I(with)] (of facts, statements etc) to be in ac-
cordance with each other or with something else; CORRESPOND
〔事实、陈述等〕彼此一致：与··相符合：The witnesses'statements
just don't agree (with each other).几个证人的陈述（相互之
间)并不一致。4 [T] especially BrE to accept (an idea, opinion
etc); reach an agreement about【尤英】接受〔意见、观点等)；对.
取得一致意见：The workers have agreed the company's pay
offer. 工人已经接受了公司提出的工资标准。| an agreed price/
statement 商定的价格[声明] 5 agree to differ to stop trying to
persuade each other; to remain friends in spite of having dif-
ferent opinions 同意各自保留不同意见（而不再企图说服对方）
见解虽然不同，彼此仍为朋友
USAGE 用法说明 Agree to is used with the same mean-
ing as accept before words like 'suggestion', 'proposal'
or ‘plan'.当 agree to 用于‘suggestion','proposal',‘plan'
等词之前时，和 accept 意思相同：Do you think he will
agree to/accept my suggestions?(你认为他会接受我的建
议吗？)Both agree and accept can be used before that when
the meaning is 'admit', but accept is more formal.在表示
‘admit”承认)的意思时， agree 和 accept 均可用于 that 之
前，但 accept 更为正式：I agree/accept that the company
has not done well this year.(我承认公司今年营业状况不
佳。)
agree with sbdy./sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态]1
[usually in negatives 一般用于否定句] infml to suit the health
of【非正式】与(··的健康)相宜：I love prawns, but unfortunately
they don't agree with me.我喜欢吃对虾，但遗憾的是吃了会不
舒服。-- opposite 反义词 disagree with 2 tech (of an adjective
verb etc) to have the proper relationship to (the word it be
longs to in grammar), e.g. by being plural if it is plural, female
if it is female etc【术语】〔形容词、动词等在性、数等方面〕与··
相一致 - see also 另见 AGREE(1,3)
a·gree·a·ble /e`griebl; e'gri:ebal/ adj1 pleasant 令人愉快的：
agreeable weather 宜人的天气 - opposite 反义词 disagree-
able 2 [F (to)] ready to agree; willing 欣然同意的： Are you
agreeable(to the suggestion)?你同意（这项建议）吗？
a·gree·a·bly /e`griebli;e'gri:ebli/ adv pleasantly 愉快地： We
were agreeably surprised by their willingness to negotiate.
他们愿意谈判，我们对此又惊又喜。
*a.gree.ment /e`griment; e'gri:ment/ n 1 [U] the state of having
the same opinion, feeling, or purpose; thinking in the same
way 相一致，相投，相合： We are in agreement with their
decision.我们同意他们的决定。」 The two sides were unable
to reach agreement. 双方无法取得一致意见。- opposite 反义
词 disagreement 2 [C] an arrangement or promise of action,
such as one made between people, groups, businesses, or coun-
tries 协议，协定，合约： You have broken (the terms of) our
agreement by not finishing the job in time.你们没有按时完成
这项工作，因而破坏了我们之间的协议。|The two companies
entered into an agreement with each other.这两家公司订立
了协议。| to sign an agreement 签合约| trade agreements
贸易协定 」 an arms-control agreement 军备控制协议 3 [U
(with)] tech the fact of agreeing with another word in grammar
【术语】〔语法上的〕一致：the agreement of the pronoun ‘she'
with the noun 'Jane' to which it refers 代词 she 和它所代替的
名词Jane 在语法上的一致
ag·ri·busi·ness /`aegri,biznis; 'aegri,bizns/ n [U; C] (a com-
pany involved in) the producing and selling of farm products,
especially as a big business 农业综合经营；大农场经营：
Agribusiness is pushing out the small farmer.大农场经营正
慢慢地把小农场主排挤出去。| the agribusiness sector of the
economy 国民经济中的农业综合经营部分
ag.ri.cul.ture ^aegri kvltfe; 'aegri kvltfe/ n [U] the practice or
science of farming, especially of growing crops 农业；农学 -
compare 比较 HORTICULTURE --tural /aegri`kltferel;
aegri'kvltferel√ adj: agricultural products/machinery 农产
品；农业机械- -tur(al)ist /aegri`kvltferelist;aegri'kvltfarelst/
ag.ro.chem·i.cal /，egro`kamikl;aegreu'kemikal/n a chemi-
cal used in farming e.g. to help plants grow 农用化学品
a.ground /e`graund; e'graund/ adj, adv [F] (of a ship) on or
0029
onto the shore or bottom of a sea, lake etc(especially in the
phrase 尤用于短语 run aground 搁浅)〔船〕搁浅（的）
a.gue /egju; 'eigju:/ n [C; U] fever with regular attacks of cold-
ness and shaking, especially when caused by the disease
MALARIA〔尤指疟疾的〕疟状发热，寒战
ah /a; a:/ interj (a cry of surprise, pity, pain, joy, dislike etc)啊！
〔表示惊奇、怜悯、痛苦、喜悦、厌恶时发出的惊叹声)：Ah,there
you are!啊，你在这里呀！
a.ha /a`ha; a:'ha:/ interj (a cry of surprise, satisfaction, amused
discovery etc)啊哟！〔表示惊讶、满足、发现可笑之事等时的喊
声)： Aha, so it's you hiding there! 啊哈，原来是你躲在那里！
A.hab /`ehaeb: 'eihaeb/ Captain a character in the book MOBY.
DICK by Herman Melville. Captain Ahab risks his life and the
lives of everyone on his ship by hunting a large dangerous
white WHALE called Moby-Dick. Ahab is completely deter
mined to kill the whale, but it finally sinks his ship, killing
him and most of his men.亚哈船长〔赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的小说《白
鲸》中的一个人物。亚哈船长冒着自己及船上其他人的生命危险去
捕捉一条名为莫比·迪克的大白鲸。他下定决心要杀死白鲸，但最
终却让白鲸掀翻了船，他和大部分船员因此丧生)
front; forward 在前面[前头] （的） ： One man went ahead (o
the others) to see if the road was clear. 一个人走到 （其他人
的)前头，看看道路是否畅通。| The road ahead was full of
sheep.前面路上挤满了绵羊。2 in or into the future 未来，今后：
to plan ahead/plan for the months ahead 提前计划妥当；为今
后几个月做好计划 3ahead of: a in advance of 在·之前： The
time in London is five hours ahead of the time in New York
伦敦时间要比纽约时间早五小时。b in or into a more success-
ful position than 胜过；优于： Our company is well ahead of its
main rivals.我们公司（在经营上）远远超过了我们的主要竞争对
手。| The Democrats have moved ahead of the Republicans
in the latest poll. 在最近一次投票中，民主党人的票数已超过共
和党人。c higher in price, value etc than〔价格、价值等〕超出，
高于··： Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.他们提出
的工资标准远远超过了通货膨胀率。4get ahead to do well
succeed 取得进步，获得成功 - see also 另见 GO-AHEAD
a·hem /m`hm;m'hm; spelling pronunciation 根据拼写的读音
e`hem; e'hem/ interj (a cough used to attract attention, give a
slight warning, express doubts etc)啊哼〔用于引起注意，发出
轻微的警告，或表示疑虑等的轻咳声〕
A.hern /e`h3n; e'h3:n/ Ber.tie /`b3ti; 'b3:ti/ (1951-)an Irish
politician, the leader of the Fianna Fail party and Prime Minis-
ter of Ireland from 1997埃亨〔(1951-)，爱尔兰政治家，爱尔
兰战士党领袖，自1997年起担任爱尔兰总理
a.hoy /e`hor; e'hoi/ interj 1 (a cry of greeting made by sailors.
especially from one ship to another)啊嗨〔船员与另一船打招
呼时发出的喊声)2Ship ahoy!(a cry used by sailors to say
that they can see a ship approaching)啊嗨，有船！（水手看到其
他船只靠近时的喊声〕
AI
/e ar; ,i 'a/  [U] abbrev. for 缩写= 1 ARTIFiCiAl INtELL-
GENCE 2 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
aid' /ed; eid/ ν [T (with, in)] fml to give support to; help【正式】
帮助，援助： We were greatly aided in our investigation by the
cooperation of the police.我们在调查过程中得到警方的大力
协助。| He was accused ofaiding and abetting the terrorists
(=helping them in criminal activities)他被控协助和教唆恐怖
分子作案。」 computer-aided design 由电脑辅助的设计 - see
参见 HELP(USAGE)
aid2n fml 【正式】 1 [U] support or help 支持，帮助，救助： We wen
t the aid of the injured man.我们给那个受伤的男子提供救
助。」 a concertin aid of (=to make money for) the church
repairs fund 为教堂修缮基金集资的音乐会义演 - see also另
见 FIRST AID, LEGAL AID 2 [C] something that provides help
and makes a process easier or more effective 有用之物：辅助性
工具[设备]： A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a
new language.在学习一种新语言时，词典是非常有用的工具。-
see also 另见 HEARING AID, VISUAL AID 3 [U] help that is giver
by one country to another in the form of food, machines, or
special skills〔一国给另一国提供的〕援助，救济： aid to the de.
veloping countries 对发展中国家的援助 」 the government's
aid budgetlemergency aid.政府的援助预算[紧急援助] -- ee
also 另见 FOREIGN AID 4 [C] AmE aide 【美】助手 5what is
something in aid of? BrE infml what is something for? 【英，
非正式】某物有何用途？：“What's this little handle in aid of?'
“It's for starting the machine.”“这个小把手是干什么用的？”
“是用来开动机器的。”
AID /e aI`di; e aI'di:/ abbrev. for 缩写=AGENCY FOR INTER-
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ide /ed; eid/ also 又作 aid AmE【美】 - n a person who helps.
especially a person employed to help a government minister
〔尤指政府部长的)助手，助理：a presidential aide总统助理
aide-de-camp /ed de `kaemp;,eid de 'ka:mp/ n aides-de-camp
(same pronunciation 读音相同) Fr a military or naval officer
who helps an officer of higher rank in his duties 【法】〔陆海军
高级将领的〕随从武官，副官
aided school /'./ n (in Britain) a type of school (=VOLUNTARY
SCHOOL) whose managers have control over religious educa-
tion and the choice of teachers and are responsible for part of
the cost of building work needed for the school(英国)公款补
助学校〔校方管理人负责宗教教育和教师的选用，并负责校舍建造
的部分费用〕- compare 比较 CONTROLLED SCHOOL,VOLUN-
TARY SCHOOL
AIDS, Aids /edz; eidz/ n [U] abbrev. for 缩写= Acquired Im-
mune Deficiency Syndrome; a very serious disease caused by
a type of VIRUS called HIV, which makes your body unable to
defend itself against diseases and infections. AIDS is passed
from one person to another through sexual activity or blood
from a person with AIDS. No cure for AIDS has yet been found
but some medical treatments have made it possible for people
with AIDS to live for much longer than before.艾滋病，后天免
疫力缺乏症，获得性免疫缺损综合征〔由一种能破坏人体免疫功
能、名为HIV的病毒引起的严重疾病。艾滋病通过性行为或血液
传染，目前还没有有效疗法，但同以前相比，已有一些疗法可延长
艾滋病患者的生命)： He died from an AIDS-related illness. 他
死于艾滋病并发症
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 People who are HIV posi
tive have been infected with the VIRUS that causes AIDS
but they do not have full-blown AIDS (=they have no
developed the disease), and sometimes people are HIV
bositive for many years without being seriously ill. There
is still no cure for AIDS, so health organizations try to
prevent it by advising people about SAFE SEX (=ways of
having sex that reduce the risk of getting HIV, especially
by using a CONDOM). There are also special organizations
that give support and help to people who already have HIV
or AIDS. People show their support for people with AIDS
by wearing a small red RIBBON (=piece of cloth) on their
coats,艾滋病病毒携带者呈HIV阳性反应，但这不等于已患
上了艾滋病，有时病毒潜伏期长达数年。艾滋病至今仍没有有
效疗法，因此卫生组织建议人们进行安全性行为（尤指使用男
性避孕套)来避免患上艾滋病。也有些组织专门为HIV带菌
者或艾滋病患者提供支援和帮助。人们常在衣服上系一根红
色的小丝带以示支持。- see also另见 AZT
ai-ki·do /ar`kido; ar'ki:deu/ n [U] a Japanese fighting art based
on using the opponent's strength against them in order to de-
fend oneself 合气道〔日本的一种自卫拳术，利用对方的力气进行
反击〕
ail /el; erl/ ν 1 [I] to be ill and grow weak 有病，生病： My grand
mother is ailing. 我祖母正患病。|(fig. 喻) the country's ail-
ing economy 国家百孔千疮的经济 2 [T] old use to cause pain
to; trouble (especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 What ails you?
什么事使你烦恼？)【旧】使痛苦[苦恼]
ai.le-ron /ele ran; 'eileron/ n the movable back edge of the wing
of an aircraft, used to keep the aircraft level or help it turn〔保
持飞机平衡或帮助其转弯的〕副翼 - compare 比较 ELEVATOR
(4)
ailment /elment; 'eilment/ n an illness that is not serious 疾
病，小病： He's always complaining of some ailment or other.
他总是抱怨自己的身体这儿不舒服，那儿不对劲。| a minor ail
ment 小病，微恙
aim1 /em; eim/ v1 [I; T (at)] to point or direct (a weapon, shot
etc) towards some object, with the intention of hitting it 〔将武
器等〕瞄准，对准··〔以便射击)： I aimed at the door but hit the
window.我对准门射击，不料打中了窗子。| He aimed the gun
carefully. 他小心地用枪瞄准。| He aimed it at the bottles. 他
举枪向瓶子瞄准。」(fig.喻) She hit back with well-aimed
criticism.她一针见血地进行了回击。| (fig.喻) The programme
is aimed at (=intended for) young teenagers.这项计划是针对
十几岁的少年制订的。2 [I(at, for)] to direct one's efforts
(towards doing or obtaining something); intend (to)致力于·.
打算： The factory must aim at increased production/aim for
an increase in production.工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目
标。| [+to-v] He aims to be a successful writer. 他的目标是要
成为一个成功的作家
*aim2n1 [U] the act of directing a weapon, shot etc(武器等的)
瞄准： The huntertook aim at the lion.猎人瞄准了狮子。| His
him was very good. 他瞄得很准。2 [C (of)] the desired result
0030
of one's efforts; intention or purpose; OBJECTIVE目标，目的，
意图：What is your aim in life?你的生活目标是什么？| The
project was set up with the aim of helping young unemployed
people.建立这项计划的目的是给失业青年提供帮助。| The aim
of the meeting was to reach agreement about next year's
prices.会议的目的是要就明年的价格达成协议。| long-term/
short-term aims 长期[短期]目标| literary aims 文学上的目标
aim.less /emlis; 'eimles/ adj often derog without any clear
purpose or direction 【常贬】无目的[目标]的： his aimless life 他
那漫无目的的人生|aimless discussions 不着边际的讨论一
~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
ain't/ent;eint/ 1 nonstandard【不规范】short for 缩略形式=am
not, is not, are not, has not, have not: We ain't coming.我们不
来了。| They ain't got it. 他们没有那玩意儿。- see 参见
AREN'T(USAGE)2 if it ain't broke, don't fix it also 又作 if
it ain't broke, why fix it? infml said in order to disagree with
someone who wants to change the way something works or is
done, because you believe it works well the way it is 【非正式】
没什么不好就不要去改；好好的，改它干嘛？：These guys on the
board are always trying to dream up new schemes for revi-
talizing business. I keep saying if it ain't broke don't fix it.董
事会那帮家伙老是凭空制订一些新的计划，说是要重整旗鼓，而我
总是说没什么不好就不要去改变现行做法了。|Hundreds of
people called in to complain about changes in the TV
schedule. \"If it ain't broke, why fix it?” one man asked.不少
人来电投诉电视节目的安排作了改动。“好好的，去改它干嘛？”其
中有个人说。
Ain.tree/entri; 'eintri:/ a racecourse in NW England where a
famous horse race, the GRAND NATIONAL, takes place each year
安特里跑马场〔位于英格兰西北部，每年举行著名的全国大马赛〕
the Earth and which we breathe 空气： breathing in the fresh
morning air 呼吸清晨的新鲜空气 | There was a smell of burn-
ing leaves in the air.空气中有一股焚烧树叶的气味。2 [the+S;
U] the sky or the space above the ground 天空，空中： He jumped
into the air.他腾空一跳。| air travel/tickets/travellers 乘飞
机旅行；飞机票；飞机乘客 | It's quicker by air than by sea. 坐
飞机比坐轮船快。| an air crash/disaster 空难 3 [C (of)] the
general character or appearance of, or feeling caused by, a per-
son or place 外表，样子；态度，风度；气氛： There was an air of
excitement at the meeting.会议弥漫着一种激动的气氛。| He
explained the procedure with the weary air of a man who
had explained it many times before.他厌倦地解释着办事手续，
那样子就像他已经不知道解释过多少次似的。4[C]that part of
a piece of music that is easily recognized and remembered;
tune 曲调 5 in the air infml【非正式】 a (of stories, talk etc)
being passed on from one person to another〔故事、谈话等〕流
传开（的）b not fully planned or settled; uncertain 悬着（的），
未定（的）： We may be going skiing at Christmas, but it's still
all up in the air.我们圣诞节可能去滑雪，但还没有定下来。6
on/off the air broadcasting/not broadcasting正在广播；停止广
播： We shall be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟后开始
广播。-- see also 另见 AIRS, HOT AIR, THIN AIR, clear the air
(CLEAR3), walk on air (WALK1)
air2v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) become dry in a place that is warm or
has plenty of dry air （把·）晾干： Leave the clothes out on the
washing-line to air.让那些衣服挂在晒衣绳上晾干吧。2 [I;T]
to(cause to) become fresh by letting in air; VENTILATE(使)通
风： We aired the room by opening the windows.我们打开窗
户，让房间透透气。3 [T] to make known to others (one's
opinions, ideas, complaints etc), often in an unwelcome way
〔常以令人不快的方式〕让人知道〔自己的意见、观点、牢骚等〕：
He's always airing his views about politics.他经常向别人谈
论自己的政治主张。| an opportunity to air one's grievances
大吐苦水的机会 4 [T] especially AmE to broadcast on the ra-
dio or television 【尤美】广播，播放，播送： a television interview
to be aired this evening 今晚要播出的一次电视采访 - see also
另见AIRING
Air /r; ee/ used in the name of an AIRLINE (=a company that
runs passenger planes), usually combined with the name of a
country航空公司〔用于航空公司名称中，通常与国名连用)：Air
Canada(=the main airline of Canada)加拿大航空公司 | Air
France 法国航空公司
air.bag /`arbaeg; 'eebaeg/ n a large bag in a car which quickly
unfolds and fills with air to protect the driver or passenger from
hitting the DASHBOARD (=instrument board) in an accident(汽
车上的〕安全气囊〔汽车碰撞时自动充气，使司机或乘客不会撞到
仪表板〕
air.base /arbes; 'eabeis/ n a place where military aircraft land
and take off 空军基地
air-bed /`rbad; 'eebed/ n a long rubber or plastic bag filled
with air and used as a bed or for lying on in water 气垫（床）；充
气浮床
air-borne /`arborn; 'eebo:n/ adj 1 [F] (especially of aircraft) in
the air; in flight〔飞机等)在空中的，在飞行中的：We will be air-
borne in five minutes.我们将在五分钟后升空。2(especially
of seeds)carried about by the air〔种子等)空气传播的 3 (of
soldiers) trained to fight in an area after being moved by air-
craft or dropped from aircraft by means of PARACHUTES〔士兵
等)空降作战的：airborne troops空降部队
air.brake /`arbrek; 'eebreik/ n a BRAKE for stopping a large
vehicle, such as a bus or train, that is worked by air under
pressure 气动刹车，空气制动器，气闸
air.brick/rbrik; 'eebrik/ n a special brick with holes through
it, used to let air pass through a wall〔通风透气用的)空心砖，穿
孔砖
Air.bus /`rbvs; 'eebvs/ trademark a type of plane that carries a
large number of passengers, made by a European CONSORTIUM
(=group of companies working together)【商标】空中客车〔一种
大型客机，由一家欧洲财团制造〕
air chief mar.shal/,../n a British airforce rank 〔英国的)
空军上将-see参见TABLE3
air com.mo.dore/,·./n a British airforce rank(英国的)空
军准将- see参见TABLE3
air-con-di-tion-ing/'.·/n [U] the system that uses machines
(air-conditioners)to control the temperature of the air in a
room or building to keep it cool and dry空（气）调（节）系统-
-tioned adj: Our offices are fully air-conditioned.我们的办公
室都装有空调设备。
*air.craft/er kraeft; 'eekra:ft/ n especially BrE a flying machine
of any type, with or without an engine 【尤英】飞机；航空器，飞
行器：a jet aircraft 喷气式飞机 | The airline has ordered 25
0031
new aircraft. 这家航空公司已订购了25架新飞机。| the air
craft industry 航空工业 - see also 另见 ANTIAIRCRAFT. LIGHT
AIRCRAFT
aircraft car-ri.er /'·，.·./n a WARSHIP that carries aircraft and
has a large flat surface where they can take off and land 航空母
舰
air·craft·man /`er kraeftmen;'eekro:ftmen/ also 又作 air·crafts·.
man /-kraefts-;-kra:fts-/n-men /-men; -men/ a British airforce
rank〔英国的〕空军新兵 - see 参见 TABLE 3
air.crew /`er kru: 'eekru:/n [C+sing,/pl. y] the pilot and others
responsible for flying an aircraft, together with those who look
after the comfort of the passengers 空勤人员，机组〔一架飞机
上的驾驶员和全体乘务人员的总称〕
air-drop /`Erdrap; 'eedrop/ v -pp- [T] to deliver (supplies or
soldiers)by dropping from an aircraft 空投，伞降 - airdrop 
air-fare /`er fer; 'ee, fee/ n the price of a journey by plane飞机
票价
air·field `er fild; 'eefi:ld/ ‖ also又作 aerodrome BrE old-fash
【英，过时】- n a place where aircraft can land and take off but
which may not have any large buildings〔只供飞机起落且无大
型建筑物的〕飞机场 - compare 比较 AIRPORT
air-force /`erfors; 'eefo:s/ n [C+sing./pl. v] the branch of a
country's military forces that is concerned with attack and de-
fence from the air 空军
Air Force One /. '/ the name of the plane that the US Presi
dent uses 空军一号〔美国总统的专用坐机〕
Air France / '/ the main French AIRLINE. Like British Airways.
Air France flies the Concorde aircraft.法国航空公司〔和英国
航空公司一样，也使用协和式飞机〕
air fresh·en·er /'·/ n [C; U] a substance used to make the air
in a room smell fresh, sold either in a solid form, or as a liquid
in an AEROSOL can 空气清新剂〔以固体形式或液体形式出售，液
体空气清新剂置于喷雾器内〕
air-gun /ergvn; 'eegvn/ n a gun which uses strong air pressure
to fire a bullet 气枪
air-head /`er hed; 'eehed/ n slang derog a foolish or stupic
person【俚，贬】笨蛋，傻瓜，白痴：That checkout girl was a real
airhead, she couldn't even make change from five dollars.那
个女收银员真是个白痴，给她五块钱都找不开。
air·host·ess /`er,hostis; 'ee,heusts/ especially BrE【尤英】|
usually 通常 stewardess AmE【美】 - n a woman who looks
after the comfort of the passengers in an aircraft during flight.
Air hostesses are usually young, and are typically thought of
as being tall, attractive, and with a good figure.飞机女服务员，
空中小姐〔通常很年轻，在人们心目中的一般形象是高挑迷人，身
材姣好〕
air.i.ly /`creli; 'earli/ adv in a light AIRY (2， 3) manner; not
seriously 轻松地；轻率地，不严肃[认真]地
air-ing /`rin; 'earin/ n 1 [U] the leaving of clothes, sheets etc
in the open air or in a warm place to get thoroughly dry 晾干
Give the sheets a good airing. 把床单好好晾一晾。2 [C usu·
ally sing.一般用单数] the making public of one's opinions.
knowledge, ideas etc, so that they can be freely talked about
〔意见、想法等的〕公开发表： We had a meeting and gave the
subject a good airing.我们开了会，把这个问题公开亮了出来。
airing cup-board /'·.·/ n BrE a warm cupboard in which
clothes, sheets etc are kept【英】〔保存衣服、床单等的〕烘箱-
see also 另见 LINEN CUPBOARD
air-lane /`crlen; 'ealein/ n a path through the air regularly used
by aircraft in flight 空中航线[航道]
air·let·ter `r late; 'ee,lete/ also 又作 aerogramme - n a sheet
of very thin paper already stamped for posting, on which a
letter can be written and which is then folded and stuck at the
edges and sent by air without an envelope〔信纸和信封合一，折
起封口即可寄出的〕简便航空信，航空邮笺
air-lift /`er lift; 'ee lift/ n an operation by which large numbers
of people or large amounts of supplies are carried by aircraft,
especially to or from a place that is difficult to get to〔人员或物
资的)大规模空运；空中补给 - airlift v[T(to)]: We airlifted
food to the famine areas.我们把食物空运去闹饥荒的地区。
air-line /er lain; 'eelain/ n a business that runs a regular service
for carrying passengers and goods by air 〔定期运送客货的〕航
空公司
air.lin.er /`er laine; 'ee, laine/ n old-fash a large passenger
aircraft【过时】大型客机，班机
air-lock /`er lak; 'eelpk/ n 1 a BUBBLE in a tube or pipe that
prevents the flow of a liquid〔妨碍管道中液体流动的〕气泡，气
塞，气栓 2 an enclosed space or room into which or from which
air cannot accidentally pass, e.g. in a spacecraft or apparatus
for working under water 气压闸室，密封舱<如宇宙飞船或潜水
器的舱室>
air·mail /`r mel: 'eameil/ n [U] 1 letters, parcels etc, sent by
air 航空邮件 - compare 比较 SURFACE3(2) 2 the system of
sending things by air 航空邮政：Send it by airmail.这封信寄航
空吧。-- airmail ady; How much would it cost to send it
airmail.?这封信寄航空要多少钱?
air·man /^`rmen; 'eemen/ airwoman fem.【阴性】 -- n -men /-men;
-men/ 1 a person of or below NCO rank in an airforce 空军士官
士兵 2 a US airforce rank 〔美国的〕空军士兵 - see 参见 TABLE
3
Air Miles /'/ trademark a type of award or voucher for free
plane tickets, that works by the collection of points earned by
regularly using a particular AIRLINE, SUPERMARKET, telephone
company.CREDIT CARD etc【商标】空中英里数〔一种根据积分获
得免费机票的奖励或代金券。如果经常乘坐某一航班、去某家超市
购物、租用某家电话公司线路或使用某种信用卡等，便可获得积
分，达到一定分值便可获赠〕- see also另见 FREQUENT FLYER
air-miss /er,mis; 'ee,mis/ n a situation in which one plane nearly
crashes into another one while both are in the air 险些撞机事故
air·plane `εr plen; 'eeplein/ AmE【美】‖aeroplane BrE【英】
n a flying vehicle that has at least one engine; PLANE飞机
air·pock·et /er pakit; 'ee,pokt/ n a downward flow of air in
the sky which can cause an aircraft to lose height suddenly〔会
使飞机高度突然降低的〕气阱，气穴
*air.port /`er port; 'eepo:t/ n a place where aircraft can land and
take off, which is regularly used by paying passengers and has
several buildings (for waiting passengers, CUSTOMS etc)航空
港[站]，（民用）飞机场：Heathrow Airport,London伦敦希思罗
机场|airport security 机场安全保卫-compare 比较AIR-
FIELD
air raid /' / n an attack by military aircraft 空袭
airs /arz; eez/ also 又作 airs and grac·es /. ·/ - n [P] derog
unnatural manners or actions that are intended to make people
think one is more important than one really is (especially in
the phrase 尤用于短语 give oneself airs, put on airs 装模作样)
【贬】装腔作势，摆架子
air-sea res.cue /·/ n [C; U] the saving of people in trouble
at sea by both aircraft and ships or boats built for the purpose
海空搜索救援工作：The air-sea rescue services sent helicop-
ters and lifeboats.海空搜索救援部队派出了直升机和救生船。
air-ship /er fip; 'ee fip/ n (especially formerly) a large aircraft
without wings, containing gas to make it lighter than air and
an engine to make it move 〔尤指昔日的〕飞船，飞艇
air-sick /er sik; 'ee,sik/ adj sick because of the movement of an
aircraft 晕机的 - ~ness n [U]
air·space /`er spes; 'eespeis/ n [U] the air or sky above a par-
ticular country, regarded as the property of that country 〔某个
国家的)领空：They claimed that foreign planes had entered
Soviet airspace without permission.他们声称有几架外国飞机
擅自闯入了苏联领空
air·speed /`er spid; 'eespi:d/ n [S; U] the speed at which an
aircraft travels through the air飞行速度，空速
Air·stream /`er strim; 'ee,stri:m/ trademark a type of silver
coloured TRAILER (=a vehicle which contains beds, a kitchen
etc and which is pulled by a car), similar to a bullet in shape.
They were first made in the US in the 1930s and continue to be
popular and fashionable.【商标】“气流”牌拖车式活动房屋〔一种
银灰色的拖车式活动房屋，外型类似子弹。20世纪30年代在美国
首批生产，流行至今〕
air strike /'/ n [C] an attack in which a military aircraft drops
bombs or shoots missiles at a place空（中）袭（击）
air·strip /er,strip; 'ee,strip/ n a stretch of land that can be used
by aircraft to take off and land, especially in war or time of
trouble〔战时或动乱时期使用的〕临时（飞机）跑道；简易机场-
compare 比较RUNWAY
air ter.mi.nal /'./n the building in which passengers come
together before getting on board an aircraft or from which they
leave at the end of their flight. It may be at the airport, or some
distance away.航空终点站〔旅客往返机场的集散处，可在机场，
也可在离机场较远的地方)；〔旅客候机的〕机场大厦
air-tight /`er tait; 'eetait/ adj not allowing air to pass in or out
气密的，密封的：airtight containers密封容器
air.time rtaim; 'etaim/ n [U] the amount of time given to a
record, subject, political party etc, on the radio or television
〔电视或广播节目的〕播放时段： Her new single hasn't had much
airtime.她的新单曲唱片播放时间不多。」 Some of the smaller
parties are trying to buy airtime.有些较小的党派正设法购买
广播时间。
air-to-air /·/ adj [A] (of a weapon) intended to be fired
from one aircraft in flight at another 〔武器)空对空的： air-to-
0032
air missiles 空对空导弹
air traf-fic con·trol-ler /， '··，·/ n also 又作 air controller
/'.·/- a person at an airport who gives radio instructions to
pilots about aircraft movement 空中交通调度员： A strike by
French air traffic controllers has led to the cancellation of
nearly al flights.法国空中交通调度员的罢工使航班几乎全部取
消。
air vice-mar-shal /，.'·/n a British airforce rank〔英国的)空
军少将 - see参见 TABLE 3
air.waves /rwevz; 'eeweivz/ n [the+P] the frequencies
(FREQUENCY(3)at which radio signals are broadcast, taken
together 无线电波；广播： That's not the sort of material you
expect to hear coming over the airwaves.那些东西你别指望
能在广播上听到。
air·way /er we; 'eewei/ n (usually cap. as part of a name一般
用大写，作为某专用名称的一部分)an AIRLINE航空公司：Brit-
ish Airways 英国航空公司
air·wom·an/r,wumen; 'ee,wumen/n-women /-，wimin;-wimin/
a female AIRMAN 空军女士官；空军女士兵
air·worthy /`er,w3oi; 'ee,w3:0i/ adj (of an aircraft) in proper
and safe working condition〔飞机)适于航行的 - -thiness n [U]:
a certificate of airworthiness 适航证明
air.y ri; 'eari/ adj 1 open to the fresh air 通风的： The large
window makes the room seem airy.大窗户使这个房间看起来
很通风。2 also 又作 airy-fair·y /，· `·/ BrE derog seeming
not to be related to real facts or conditions; impractical【英，
贬】空洞的，不切实际的： She has these airy-fairy notions about
going back to nature and growing all her own food.她怀有回
归大自然，过自耕自食生活那一套不切实际的空想。3 cheerful;
not serious; NONCHALANT快活的，无忧无虑的；漫不经心的：an
airy smile 满不在乎的笑容
aisle /ail; ail/n 1 a passage, usually one of two, leading through
the length of a church and divided from the NAVE(=the central
part) by a row of PILLARS〔教堂两边以一排柱子同中殿隔开的〕
侧廊，侧堂，耳堂 2 a narrow passage between rows of seats,
shelves etc e.g. in a theatre, plane, or large shop〔剧场等座席之
间或大商店货架之间的)通道，过道- see also另见 roll in the
aisles (ROLL1) 3 go/walk up the aisle infml to get married 【非
正式】步入教堂，结婚：She was looking forward to the day when
she would walk up the aisle.她翘首等待步入教堂结婚的那一
天。- see Feature on page B28参见B28页文化特写
aitch /etf; eitf/n 1 a way of spelling the name of the letter H, h
字母 H,h的读音 2 drop one's aitches not to sound the letter h
in one's speech, e.g. by saying 'ome for home. In Britain, some
people think that people who drop their aitches are from a low
social class and uneducated.说话时不发 h音<如将 home 读成
'ome>〔英国有些人认为说话时不发h音的人来自下层社会，没有
受过教育〕
a.jar /e`d3ar; e'd3a:/ adj, adv [F] (of a door) not quite closed;
slightly open〔门〕未完全关上（的），半开着（的）
A.jax /`ed3aeks; 'eid3aeks/ trademark a type of substance for
cleaning floors and other hard surfaces, sold as a liquid or
powder【商标】“埃阿斯”牌清洁用品〔用于清洁地板和其他硬质表
面，分液态和粉状两种〕
AK written abbrev. for 缩写=ALASKA
ak·a /`aeke; 'aeke/(written) abbrev. for 缩写= also known as;
used to introduce another name that someone has〔书面语)又
名，亦称：John Wayne,aka‘The Duke’约翰·韦恩，又称“公
爵
A.ke.la /a`kele; a:'keile/ n an adult who leads a group of CUB
SCOUTs in the UK〔英国的)幼年童子军队长〔由成人担任〕-
compare 比较DEN MOTHER
Ak.i.hi.to /aki`hito; aeki'hi:teu/ (1933-)the Emperor of Ja-
pan since 1989 and the son of the Emperor HIROHITO明仁
((1933-),日本天皇，1989年即位，裕仁天皇之子)
a.kim.bo /e'kimbo; e'kimbeu/ adj, adv [F](of the arms) bent at
the elbows and with hands on the HIPS; people stand with their
arms akimbo when they are facing other people bravely or
threateningly 两手叉腰（的）〔表示勇敢或气势汹汹)
a.kin /e`kin; e'kin/ adj [F (to)] having the same appearance,
character, or nature; similar〔外表、性质等)相同的，同样的；类
似的： His position in the Soviet system is roughly akin to that
of the US President's public relations adviser.他在苏联政府
体系中的职位大致相当于美国总统的公共关系顾问。
AL written abbrev. for 缩写=ALABAMA
a la /`a le; 'ae le/ prep infml in the manner of; like【非正式】按
照··方式的；仿照·的：spy storiesàla James Bond 按照詹姆
斯·邦德故事格局编写的间谍小说 | She went about it à la
Thatcher, putting her views very forcefully.她仿效撒切尔，强
而有力地陈述了自己的观点。
Al·a·ba·ma /，ele`baeme;aele'baeme/ written abbrev.缩写为
AL a state in the southeast of the US, known as the place where
the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT began 亚拉巴马州〔位于美国西南
部，民权运动发源地) - see also另见 DEEP SOUTH - see colour
map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
al.a.bas.ter /`aele,baesto; 'aeleba:ste/n [U] a transparent soft
mainly white stone 雪花石膏： an alabaster vase 雪花石膏（做
的)花瓶|(fig.喻)her alabaster skin 她那晶莹剔透的雪白肌
肤
a la carte /，ale`kart; e le 'ka:t/ adj, adv (of food in a restaurant)
according to a list(MENU) where each dish has its own sepa-
rate price〔指饭馆的饭菜)照菜单点菜（的）- compare比较
TABLE D'HOTE
a.lack /e`laek; e'laek/ interj old use (a cry expressing sorrow)【旧】
呜呼〔表示哀伤的喊声〕
a.lac.ri.ty /e`laekreti; e'laekrti/ n [U] fml quick and willing
readiness【正式】敏捷；欣然：She accepted our offer with
alacrity.她欣然接受了我们的提议。
Aladdin and the Genie 阿拉丁与灯神
A.lad.din /e`laedim; e'laedin/ a young male character in a story
from The ARABIAN NIGHTS. Aladdin is employed by a MAGI-
CIAN to steal a lamp from a secret CAVE(=a large hole in the
side of a cliff or under the ground), which is full of jewels and
valuable objects. When Aladdin finds the lamp and rubs it, a
GENIE(=a magical spirit) appears and says to Aladdin,'Your
wish is my command,'by which he means that Aladdin may
ask for anything he wants and the genie will give it to him.
Aladdin keeps the lamp and, with the genie's help, becomes
rich and marries the SULTAN's daughter. Then the magician,
by offering 'new lamps for old', tricks Aladdin's wife so that
she exchanges the old magic lamp for an ordinary one. Aladdin
finally finds the magician, kills him, and gets the magic lamp
back again. The story of Aladdin is often performed as a PAN-
TOMIME(=a humorous play for children) in the UK during the
period around Christmas.阿拉丁〔《天方夜谭》一则故事中的青
年男子，受雇于一位魔术师去一个藏满宝藏的秘密岩洞中偷取神
灯。阿拉丁找到神灯后把它擦了一下，魔怪[灯神]就出现了。他
对阿拉丁说：“您的愿望对我就是命令。”也就是说他可以满足阿拉
丁的一切愿望。于是，阿拉丁保留着神灯，而且在魔怪[灯神]的帮
助下使自己变得非常富有，并娶了苏丹的女儿为妻。后来，魔术师
声称能以旧换新从阿拉丁妻子手中骗走了神灯。最后阿拉丁找到
魔术师并杀死了他，夺回了神灯。在英国，阿拉丁的故事通常是圣
诞节期间上演的童话剧〕
Aladdin's Cave 阿拉丁的洞穴；宝藏
Aladdin's Cave /./n a place that contains a large variety of
interesting, valuable, or exciting things 阿拉丁的洞穴；宝藏：Her
apartment is an Aladdin's Cave of antiques, old books and
0033
fine paintings.她的寓所里堆满了古董、旧书和名画，简直是个宝
藏
Aladdin's lamp /·. '/ n a magic lamp used by Aladdin. It
contains a GENIE who can give people anything that they wish
for.阿拉丁神灯〔灯内有一魔怪[灯神]，能满足人的一切愿望〕
a la king /./ adj AmE cooked in cream with green pepper
and PIMENTOS【美】用奶油加甜椒等烹制的： chicken à la king
奶油鸡丁
Al·a·mein /`aelemen; 'aelemein/ also 又作 El Alamein a place
in Egypt where the British army won an important battle against
the German army in World War II. The British army was led
by Field Marshal MONTGOMERY.阿拉曼〔埃及地名。第二次世
界大战期间，英军在陆军元帅蒙哥马利的率领下在此重创德军获得
大捷〕
Al·a·mo, the /`aelemo; 'aelemeu/ a MISSION building in San
Antonio in Texas, where a famous battle took place in 1836，
when the US and Mexico were fighting each other for the con.
trol of Texas. The Alamo was defended against 4000 Mexican
soldiers by only 180 Americans, including Davy CROCKETT
The Americans were eventually all killed, but their brave ac-
tion encouraged others, and Texas later became part of the US
The phrase'Remember the Alamo!'is used to encourage people
to continue doing something very difficult. 阿拉莫〔得克萨斯
州圣安东尼奥市内的一所教堂。1836年，美国和墨西哥争夺得克
萨斯控制权期间，在此发生了一场著名的战役。包括戴维·克罗克
特在内的180名美国志愿兵同4000名墨西哥士兵展开了一场阿
拉莫教堂保卫战。美国志愿兵最终全部阵亡，但他们的英勇事迹鼓
舞了其他人，后来得克萨斯终于成了美国的一个州。“牢记阿拉莫”
这句话用来鼓励人们知难而上)- see also另见 MEXICAN WAR
a la mode /ale`mod; ae le'meud/ adj, adv 1 [F] according to
the latest fashion 时髦的[地] 2 [after n 用于名词之后] AmE
served with ice cream 【美】加冰淇淋（的） ： apple pie àla mode
加冰淇淋的苹果馅饼
Al.a.mo.gor.do /aeleme`gordo;aeleme'go:deu/ a town in the
US state of New Mexico, near the place where the first
NUCLEAR BOMB was exploded in 1945 阿拉莫戈多〔美国新墨
西哥州的一个镇，1945年首枚核弹在此附近爆炸〕
Al-A.non /，el e`nan;,ael e'non/ an international organization
for people who are related to ALCOHOLICs(people who cannot
stop drinking) and have had problems because of this. They
meet in groups to talk about their bad experiences so that they
can get support and try to solve their problems.嗜酒者亲属协
会〔一个国际性组织。会员都因亲属酗酒而深受其害，于是他们聚
在一起谈论痛苦的经历，由此得到帮助来解决问题〕-compare
比较 ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS
a.larm1/e`larm; e'la:m/ n 1 [U] sudden fear and anxiety, espe
cially when caused by the possibility of danger 惊恐，惊慌
There is no cause for alarn.没有什么值得惊慌的。 」 The news
of the radiation leak caused widespread public alarm.辐射
泄漏的消息引起公众的普遍惊慌。2 [C] a warning of danger,
given e.g. by ringing a bell or shouting〔用声音或其他信号发出
的)警报： Igave/raised the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.
我一看见冒烟，就发出了警报。3 [C] any apparatus, such as a
bell, noise, or flag, by which a warning is given 警报装置： 
burglar alarm 防盗警报器 」 a fire alarm 火警装置 4 [C] ar
alarm clock 闹钟 -- see also 另见 FALSE ALARM
alarm2v[T] to fill with fear, anxiety, and worry about the fu-
ture 使恐慌[焦虑、不安]： The government is alarmed by the
dramatic increase in violent crime.政府对暴力犯罪案件的急
剧增加感到惊慌。| an alarming increase in the number of
heroin addicts 海洛因成瘾者人数的惊人增长 」 The problem is
growing at an alarming rate.这个问题正在以惊人的速度不断
恶化。- ~ingly adv: Unemployment has risen alarmingly.失
业人数令人不安地增加了。
alarm clock /·' ·/ also 又作 alarm - n a clock that can be set
to make a noise at any particular time to wake up someone
who is asleep 闹钟： What time shall I set the alarm (clock)
for?我该把闹钟拨到几点钟响？ - compare 比较 RADIO ALARM
a.larm-ist /e`larmist; e'la:mst/ n derog a person who always
expects danger, often without good reason, and alarms other
people with fears and warnings 【贬】惊慌失措者，危言耸听者 -
alarmist adj: Don't be so alarmist - everything's under
control. 别那么大惊小怪的，一切都在控制之中。- -ism n [U]
a.las /e`laes; e'laes/ interj lit (a cry expressing sorrow or fear)
【文】唉；哎呀〔表示悲伤或恐惧的喊声〕- see also 另见 alas.
poor Yorick (YORICK)
A·laska /e`laeske; e'laeske/ written abbrev.缩写为 AK the larg-
est state in the US, which is northwest of Canada and sepa-
rated from the main part of the US. It is known for being very
cold, and it has an important oil and gas industry 阿拉斯加州
〔美国最大的州，位于加拿大西北面，不与美国本土相连，以其寒冷
著称。那儿有重要的石油、天然气工业)- see also 另见 BAKED
ALASKA - Alaskan n, adj
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Alaska is thought of as a
place with very cold weather and a lot of ice and snow. In
the past people went there to look for gold, but now it is a
popular place for people to go on a CRUISE (=a holiday on
a large comfortable boat) to see the WHALEs and the
ICEBERGS,阿拉斯加在人们的印象中气候严寒，到处都是冰天
雪地。过去，人们去那里淘金，但现在人们喜欢乘游船去那儿
睹鲸鱼和冰山的风采
Al-ba.ni.a /ael`benie; ael'bemie/ a small country in the southeast
of Europe next to the Adriatic Sea. Population: 3,400,000
(1995). Capital: Tirana. It is known as one of the poorest coun-
tries in Europe, and it had a Communist government until 1991.
阿尔巴尼亚〔位于欧洲东南部，亚德里亚海边的一个小国。人口：
3,400,000(1995),首都：地拉那。它是欧洲最贫困的国家之一。
1991年以前，由共产党政府执政〕
Al-ba.ni.an /ael`benien; ael'beinien/ n 1 [C] someone who comes
from Albania 阿尔巴尼亚人 2 [U] the language of Albania阿
尔巴尼亚语 - Albanian adj
Al.ba.ny /olbeni; 'o:lbeni/ the capital city of New York State
in the US 奥尔巴尼〔美国纽约州首府〕
al.ba.tross. aelbe tros; 'aelbetros/ n-trosses or -tross 1 a large
strong mostly white seabird that can fly long distances 信天翁
(鸟)2an albatross around/about one's neck a continuous
reminder that one has done something wrong (from Samuel
Taylor Coleridge's poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, in
alarm 警报装置
which a sailor kills an albatross that is then hung around his
neck to show that he has brought bad luck to the ship)无法摆
脱的苦恼[阴影]〔源出柯尔律治长诗《古舟子咏》。诗中一水手射
杀了一只信天翁，挂尸于自己颈上，表明他给整艘船带来了厄运)：
His remark has become a political albatross around his neck.
他的话成了自己在政界的一大包袱。| The new tax was prov-
ing to be an electoral albatross.新的税收政策结果成了选举的
障碍。
Al-bee /`aelbi; 'aelbi:/ Edward (1928-)a US writer of plays.
known especially for the plays Zoo Story and Who's Afraid of
Virginia Woolf?阿尔比〔(1928-),美国剧作家,尤以戏剧《动
物园故事》和《谁怕弗吉尼亚·吴尔夫》著称〕
al-be·it /ol`biit; o:l'bi:t/ conj fml even though; although 【正式】
尽管，虽然： It was a very important, albeit small, mistake. 这
个错误虽小但很严重。| Attitudes to this question are changing,
albeit slowly.人们对这个问题的态度正在改变，尽管变得很慢。
Al·bert /`aelbat; 'aelbet/ Prince(1819-1861) the husband of
the British queen VICTORIA, born in Germany, and also known
as the 'Prince Consort'. He was very interested in art, music,
science, and industry, and he planned and organized the GREAT
EXHIBITION of 1851. Many buildings and other places in the
UK are named after him, including the Albert Memorial, the
Albert Hall, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, all in London.
艾伯特亲王〔(1819-1861)，英国维多利亚女王的丈夫。生于德国，
亦称“女王的丈夫”。他醉心于艺术、音乐、科学和工业，曾策划并
组织了1851年的大博览会。英国许多建筑和场所以他的名字命
名，包括艾伯特纪念馆、艾伯特音乐厅、维多利亚和艾伯特博物馆，
这些建筑都在伦敦
Al·ber·ta /ael`b3te; ael'b3:te/ a PROVINCE in W Canada 艾伯塔省
〔位于加拿大西部〕
Albert Dock /，./ a DOCK in Liverpool, known for its popular
shops and restaurants that have been built inside its old Victo-
rian WAREHOUSES 艾伯特码头〔位于利物浦，以建于维多利亚时
代仓库内的商铺及饭馆出名〕
0034
Albert Hall, the/· '/ the Royal Albert Hall a large 19th
century building in London where concerts take place. It is
known especially as the place where the PROMS are held every
summer.(皇家)艾伯特音乐厅〔伦敦一家大型音乐厅，建于19世
纪，尤以每年夏天举行的漫步音乐会著称〕- see colour map on
page A4参见A4页彩色地图
Albert Square/. / an imaginary place in E London where
the characters in the British television programme EAST-ENDERS
live and work 阿尔伯特广场〔伦敦东部一虚构地名。英国电视节
目《伦敦东区人》中，人们生活和工作的地方〕
al.bi.no/ael`baino; ael'bi:neu/n -nos a person or animal with a
pale milky skin, very light hair, and eyes that are pink because
of a lack of colouring matter 患白化病的人或动物
Al.bi.on/`aelbien; 'aelbien/ an ancient name for Britain or
England, used especially in poetry 阿尔比恩〔英国或英格兰的
古称，尤用于诗歌中〕
Al.bright/olbrait; 'o:lbrait/. Mad·e·leine/maedelim;'maedelim/
(1937-)a US politician, born in Czechoslovakia. Formerly
the US Representative to the UNITED NATIONS, she became
President Clinton's SECRETARY OF STATE in 1997， the first
woman to have this job.奥尔布赖特〔(1937- )，美国政治家。
生于捷克斯洛伐克，原为美国驻联合国代表。1997年出任克林顿
政府中的国务卿一职，成为美国历史上首位女国务卿
al.bum/`aelbem; 'aelbem/ n 1 a book used for collecting
photographs, stamps etc 粘贴簿册<如相册、集邮簿等>2 an LP
(=a long-playing RECORD)密纹唱片
al.bu.men/ael`bjumen; 'aelbjumen/n [U] the white or colourless
part of an egg 蛋白；蛋清
Al.bu.quer.que /aelbek3ki; 'aelbek3:ki/ the largest city in the
state of New Mexico,US 阿尔伯克基〔美国新墨西哥州最大的
城市
Al.ca.traz/`aelketraez; 'aelketraez/ a prison on a rocky island ir
San Francisco Bay, in California. The prison, which was closed
in 1963， was known for being almost impossible to escape from.
and for having very strict rules for its prisoners.阿尔卡特拉斯
监狱〔位于加州圣弗朗西斯科湾内一岩岛上，于1963年关闭，以戒
备森严和狱规严厉而著称〕
al.che.my/aelkemi; 'aelkemi/ n [U] (especially in the Middle
Ages) the science concerned with finding a way to turn all
metals into gold and finding a medicine to cure all diseases(尤
指中世纪的〕炼金术，炼丹术 - -mist n
Al-cock and Brown/,olkak end `braun; o:lkok end 'braun/
two British pilots Sir John William Alcock (1892-1919) and
Sir Arthur Whitten Brown (1886-1948) who, in 1919， were
the first people to fly an aircraft across the Atlantic without
stopping 阿尔科克和布朗〔即英国的两位飞行家约翰·威廉·阿尔
科克爵士(1892-1919)和阿瑟·惠顿·布朗爵士(1886-1948)，
1919年成为第一次完成跨越大西洋的不着陆飞行的两个人)
*al.co.hol/`aelke,hol; 'aelkehol/ n 1 [U] the pure colourless liq-
uid present in drinks that can make one drunk, such as wine.
beer, and SPIRITS 酒精 2 [U] drinks containing this 含酒精之饮
料，酒： The doctor told me to keep off alcohol.医生叫我滴酒
不要沾。3[C;U] any of a class of chemical substances of which
the alcohol in wine is one 乙醇
alcohol a-buse/'··/ n [U] tech the regular drinking of too
much alcohol, so that it is harmful to a person's health【术语】
酗酒
alcohol-free/,.·. / adj alcohol-free wines and beers have had
the alcohol removed from them, and are drunk especially by
people who are driving〔啤酒或葡萄酒)不含酒精的
al.co.hol.ic'/,aelke`holik;aelke'holik/ adj1 containing alco
hol 含酒精的： alcoholic beverages/drinks 酒精饮料 - oppo-
site 反义词 non-alcoholic 2 of or caused by the drinking of
alcohol 喝酒的；喝酒引起的： alcoholic self-pity 酒后自怜
~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
alcoholic2n a person who is unable to stop the habit of drink-
ing too much alcohol, especially one whose health is damaged
because of this 酗酒者，嗜饮成瘾[伤身]者 - compare 比较
DRUNKARD
Alcoholics A·non·y·mous/,··'·/ abbrev.缩写为 AA an
international organization for ALCOHOLICS who want to stop
drinking alcohol. They regularly meet in groups to talk about
why they drink and to give each other support so that they can
stop drinking.嗜酒者互诫协会〔一个为酗酒者戒酒而建立的国际
性组织。会员定期聚会，谈论各自饮酒的原因，并相互鼓励不再酗
酒)-compare比较AL-ANON
al.co.hol.is.m/`aelkehol,izem; 'aelkeholizam/ n [U] the diseased
condition caused by the continued and habitual drinking of too
much alcohol 酒精中毒
al.co.pop/aelkopap; 'aelkeupop/ n BrE an alcoholic drink mad
from a SOFT DRINK, such as LEMONADE or COLA, with alcohol
added. Many people believe that, because they taste like soft
drinks, alcopops encourage young people to drink alcohol, and
many young people buy them although they are under the le-
gal age for doing this. As a result, some shops have decided to
stop selling them.【英】汽酒〔由软性饮料，如柠檬汽水、可乐等加
酒精制成的一种酒精饮料。很多人都认为，因其味似软性饮料而鼓
励了年轻人饮酒。许多青年尽管不到法定饮酒年龄也能购买。结
果，一些商家抵制销售这种饮料〕
Al.cott/olkat; 'o:lket/, Louisa May/lu`ize `mei; lu'i:ze 'mei/
(1832-1888) a US writer whose novels for children include
LITTLE WOMEN and Good Wives 奥尔科特〔(1832-1888)，美
国作家。著有儿童小说《小妇人》和《好妻子》〕
al.cove/`aelkov; 'aelkeuv/ n a small partly enclosed space in a
room, in a garden wall etc; RECESS〔房间等中的)凹室；〔花园中
靠墙的)壁龛，凉亭： seats in the alcove 凹室内的座椅
Alde burgh/oldb3o; 'o:ldbare/ a town on the coast of Suffolk
in eastern England, where there is a music FESTIVAL(=a series
of concerts and performances) every summer 奥尔德堡〔英格
兰东部萨福克郡沿海的一个城镇。那里每年夏天举办一次音乐
节)- see also 另见 Benjamin BRITTEN, Sir Peter PEARS
al den·te/ael`denti; ael 'denti/ adj (of PASTA and vegetables)
cooked just enough to be still firm when bitten〔面食、蔬菜等
烹调得不太烂，刚好有嚼头的；耐嚼的
al.der·man/`olde·men; 'o:ldemen/n-men /-men; -men/1 (in
Britain before 1974) a member of a town, city, or COUNTY coun-
cil who was chosen by the elected members〔1974年前英国的市镇
或郡参议会的〕参事〔由其他民选议员所推选出者〕2(especially
in the US) a local government officer having various duties
〔尤指美国担负不同职务的)地方官员-~ic/olda`maenik
o:lde'maenik/ adj
Al.der.mas.ton /olda maestn; 'o:lde,ma:stan/ a village ir
Berkshire. England, known as a place where NUCLEAR WEAP-
ONS are developed and produced. People think of Aldermaston
especially in connection with the PROTEST MARCHes by CND
in the 1950s and 1960s, when many people walked from Lon-
don to Aldermaston to protest against the work being done
there.奥尔德马斯顿村〔位于英格兰的伯克郡，为核武器研制场所。
人们把该地与20世纪50、60年代由核裁军运动组织发起的示威
游行联系在一起。那时，许多人从伦敦步行至奥尔德马斯顿村，表
示他们对这项工作的抗议〕
Al.der.ney/oldani; 'o:ldeni/ n 1 one of the Channel Islands
between England and France 奥尔德尼岛〔英吉利海峡群岛之一)
2 a breed of cow kept for milk 奥尔德尼乳牛
Al.der·shot /oldafat; 'o:ldefot/ a town in Hampshire in S
England, known as an important centre for the British army 奥
尔德肖特镇〔位于南英格兰汉普郡，是英国的一个军事重镇〕
ale/el; eil/ n [U] any of several types of beer, especially a kind
that is particularly bitter, strong, and heavy〔比普通啤酒性烈，
味浓的〕麦酒，高酒度啤酒 - see also 另见 LIGHT ALE, REAL
ALE
al.eck/`aelik; 'aelk/ n - see 参见 SMART ALECK
ale-house/`el,haus; 'eilhaus/ n -houses /-hauziz; -hauzz/ old
use a public drinking place【旧】啤酒馆，酒店
a.lert'/e`l3t; e'l3:t/ adj 1 [(to)] watchful and ready to deal with
danger; VIGILANT 警惕的，警觉的： alert to every possible dan-
ger对每一种可能发生的危险保持警觉 2 apprec quicl to see
and act; PERCEPTIVE【褒】机警的，机敏的： an alert mind 反应敏
捷的头脑 - ~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
alert2n 1 a warning to be ready for danger 警报： to sound the
alert 拉响警报」 a nuclear alert〔防止核放射或侵袭的〕核警报
- opposite 反义词 all clear; see also 另见 RED ALERT 2 on
(the) alert (for)in a state of being ready to deal with danger,
especially after a warning 警惕着；（对··）保持戒备（状态）（尤
指在收到警报后〕
alert3v [T(to)] to make (someone) watchful and ready for pos-
sible danger 使 （某人）保持警觉： a campaign to alert the pub-
lic to the dangers of smoking 使公众对吸烟的危害性有所警觉
的宣传运动
A.leu·tian Is.lands/e`lufen,ailendz; e'lu:fan,ailendz/ a group
of islands off the SW coast of Alaska 阿留申群岛〔位于阿拉斯
加西南海岸附近〕
A lev.el/`e lavl; 'ei leval/ n 1 an examination in a particular
subject, which students in England and Wales take when they
are 18. Students usually need to pass at least three A levels in
order to go to a university.高级程度考试〔在英格兰和威尔士.
学生满18岁后必须至少通过3门特定科目的高级程度考试才能取
得大学入学资格)： She has A levels in physics, chemistry, and
mathematics.她参加了物理、化学和数学的高级程度考试。2 the
course that students study in order to prepare for the A level
0035
examinations. They usually start their A levels when they are
16 and study for two years.高级程度考试预备课程〔学生一般
从16岁开始修这些课程，为期两年)：Matt did well in his
GCSEs, so he'll be starting his A levels in September.马特在
普通中学教育证书考试中表现出色，9月份他将开始修读高级程度
考试预备课程
ale·wife /`elwaif; 'eilwaif/ n -wives /-waivz; -warvz/ a sea fish,
related to the HERRING, which is found along the Atlantic coast
of N America and used for food, BAIT, and FERTILIZER灰西鲜
〔鲱科类海鱼的一种，产于北美大西洋沿岸，可供食用，也可用作
饵、肥料〕
Al.ex·an.der tech.nique, the /elig`zaende tck,nik:
aelig'za:nder tek,ni:k/ trademark a system of sitting, standing
and moving in a natural way, which is believed by some people
to help to improve general health or cure particular problems
caused by using one's body carelessly【商标】亚历山大行动法
坐、立、行的一种自然姿势，一般认为这种姿势有助于提高身体总
体素质，并能医治因行动不当而引起的某些疾病)：She teaches
the Alexander technique.她教人运用亚历山大行动法
Alexander the Great /·.·/ (356-323 BC) a king of
Macedonia who, while he was still a young man, took contro
of Greece, Egypt, and most of the countries to the east of the
Mediterranean Sea as far as India. He established many cities
including ALEXANDRIA in Egypt, and is regarded as one of the
greatest military leaders in history.亚历山大大帝〔（公元前356
前323)，马其顿国王。他在年轻时就征服了希腊、埃及和地中海
以东直至印度的大部分国家。在埃及，他建立了包括亚历山大港在
内的许多城市，被认为是历史上最伟大的军事领导人之一—
Al.ex·an.dra Pal.ace /aeligzaendre`paelis;eligza:ndre'paels
Ally Pally infml【非正式】 a large building in N London that
was built in 1873 and is now used for CONFERENCES(=large
business or political meetings) and concerts. It also has a fa-
mous metal tower from which the first television signals were
roadcast by the BBC 亚历山德拉宫〔伦敦北部一大型建筑，建于
1873年。现在被用作大型会议场所及音乐厅。其中著名的金属塔
曾被英国广播公司用来发送首批电视信号〕
Al.ex.an.dri.a /aelig`zaendrie; aelig'za:ndrie/ a city and port in
Egypt on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, first built by
ALEXANDER THE GREAT. In ancient times Alexandria had a
famous library and many important people went there to study
and learn.亚历山大港〔埃及一港口城市，位于地中海沿岸，由亚
历山大大帝始建。古时，亚历山大港内有一座著名的图书馆，许多
重要人物曾去那儿研究和学习〕
ALF /e l`f; ei el 'ef/ abbrev. for 缩写= ANIMAL LIBERATION
FRONT
al-fal.fa /ael faelfe; ael'faelfe/ n [U] especially AmE a plant of the
PEA family grown for animal food. The young undeveloped
plants(alfalfa sprouts) are also eaten by people, especially in
SALADS【尤美】紫花苜蓿〔用作牲畜的饲料，其幼嫩茎叶亦可食用
尤用于凉拌菜〕
Al.fa Ro.me.o /，aelfe ro`meo;,elfe reu'meieu/ trademark a
type of car, produced by the Italian company FIAT, which is
fashionable and can go very fast【商标】阿尔法-罗密欧〔一汽
车品牌，由意大利菲亚特公司制造，式样时髦，车速很快
Al Fay.ed /，ael `faied; ，ael 'faied/, Do.di /`dodi; 'deudi/ (1955-
(997) a wealthy British man who was killed in a car crash in
Paris with DIANA, Princess of Wales, with whom he was hav-
ing a relationship. He was the son of Mohammed Al Fayed.多
迪·阿尔法耶兹〔(1955-1997)，英国富豪，戴安娜王妃的情人，与
戴安娜王妃一起死于巴黎的一场车祸。其父为穆罕默德·阿尔法耶
兹〕
Al Faved. Mohammed(1933-) an Egyptian businessmar
who lives in the UK, and who owns the famous London de-
partment store HARRODS. He is the father of Dodi Al Fayed.穆
罕默德·阿尔法耶兹〔(1933-)，旅居英国的埃及商人，拥有伦敦
著名的哈罗兹百货公司。他是多迪·阿尔法耶兹的父亲)
Al-fred the Great /，aelfrid de`gret; aelfrd e'greit/(849-899)
king of Wessex (871-899)， the southwestern part of England.
At the time, the rest of England was mostly controlled by Danes
(=people from Denmark), and Alfred fought against them to
win back English land. He is usually considered to be the first
king of England.阿尔弗雷德大帝〔(849-899)，英国西南部韦塞
克斯王朝国王(871-899在位)。他在位期间，丹麦人控制了除丰
塞克斯以外的英格兰大部分地区。阿尔弗雷德英勇抗争，终于收复
失地。他通常被认为是英格兰的首位国王〕
alfres.co /ael`frasko; ael'freskeu/ adj, adv in the open air 露天
(的)，在户外（的）：We eat alfresco in summer.夏天我们在户
外吃饭。| an alfresco theatrical performance 露天戏剧演出
al.gae /`aeld3i; 'eld3i:/ n [P] very simple, usually very small
plants that live in or near water 藻类（植物）__
Al-garve, the /ael`garve; ael'ga:v/ an area of southern Portugal.
which is a popular place for holidays, and is also known as a
place where some wealthy British people go to live after they
have finished working 阿尔加维〔葡萄牙南部地区，是度假胜地。
英国一些富人退休后移居那里〕
al.ge.bra /`aeld3ebre; 'aeld3bre/ n [U] a branch of MATHEMAT-
ICS in which signs and letters are used to represent numbers
and values 代数 -- ~ic(al) /aeld3e`bre-ik(1);aeld3'brei-ik(al)/
adj - ~ically /-kli; -kli/ adv
Alger /`aeld3; 'aeld3e/. Horatio /he`refio; he'reifieu/ (1832.
1899)a US writer, many of whose stories are about poor boys
who become rich and successful through hard work and good
luck阿尔杰〔(1832-1899)，美国作家。他的小说大都描述穷苦
孩子通过辛劳和凭借机遇而致富成功的故事〕
Al.ge.ri.a /ael`d3irie; ael'd3iarie/ a country in NW Africa on the
Mediterranean Sea, between Tunisia and Libya. Population:
27,900,000(1995).Capital: Algiers.阿尔及利亚〔非洲西北部
国家，位于地中海沿岸，突尼斯和利比亚之间。人口：27,900,000
(1995),首都：阿尔及尔〕- Algerian n, adj
Al.giers /ael`d3irz; ael'd3iez/ a port on the Mediterranean Sea,
which is the capital and largest city of ALGERIA 阿尔及尔〔地
中海沿岸港口城市，阿尔及利亚的首都，也是该国最大的城市)
Al.gon.quin Ho.tel, the /el,gankwin ho`tel; ael,gonkwin
hou'tel/ a hotel in New York where many famous and wealthy
people have stayed. Between the 1920s and the 1940s
Dorothy PARKER and many other famous writers regularly
met at the hotel's restaurant and discussed their ideas, and
their group is sometimes called 'the Algonquin Round Table'
阿尔贡金旅馆〔位于纽约市，许多名流富豪都曾在此下榻。20世
纪20年代至40年代间，多萝西·帕克等许多著名作家在这家旅馆
的餐厅定期聚会，交流思想。这样的聚会有时被称作“阿尔贡金圆
桌午餐会”〕
Al-gon-quin Round Ta.ble, the /ael,gankwin raud ，teb!:
el gonkwin raund 'teibal/ a group of writers, including Dor-
othy PARKER, who met in New York's Algonquin Hotel and
exchanged ideas from the 1920s to the 1940s 阿尔贡金圆桌会
〔由多萝西·帕克等一群作家组成。20世纪20年代至40年代间，
他们在纽约的阿尔贡金旅馆聚会，交流思想心得
al.go.rithm /`aelge,rioem; 'elgerioem/n tech a list of
instructions, especially to a computer, which are carried out in
a fixed order to find the answer to a question, calculate etc【术
语】〔尤指电脑依一定程序求得答案的〕演算法：计算程序-~ic
/,aelge`riomik;aelge'riomikadj
Al.ham.bra, the /ael`haembre; ael'haembre/ a PALACE built on a
hill above Granada in SE Spain between 1238 and 1358 for
MOORISH kings, and considered to be Spain's most impressive
building in the Moorish style.艾勒汉卜拉宫〔摩尔人国王的宫
殿，建于1238至1358年间，位于西班牙东南部格拉纳达的一座
小山上，被认为是西班牙最宏伟的摩尔式建筑
A.li /a`li; a:'li/. Muhammad(1942- )a US BOXER who be.
came world HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPION in 1964， and then again
in 1974 and 1978， and is regarded as one of the greatest boxers
ever. He changed his name from Cassius Clay when he be-
came a MUSLIM in 1964， and he is known especially for saying
\"I am the greatest!' and 'I float like a butterfly, sting like a bee.
He now suffers from a serious illness, PARKINSON'S DISEASE.
阿里〔(1942-)，美国拳击手。1964、1974和1978年的世界重
量级拳击冠军，被认为是有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。原名卡修
斯·克莱，1964年皈依伊斯兰教后改名。尤以自称“我是最伟大
的！”和“我像蝴蝶一样闪动，像蜜蜂一样蜇人！”闻名。现在他患有
严重的帕金森氏病
a.li.as1/elies; 'eilies/ adv (especially of a criminal) also known
as; also called 〔尤指罪犯)又名，化名： Edward Ball alias John
Smith 爱德华·鲍尔，又名约翰·史密斯
alias2n aliases a name other than one's usual or officially rec
ognized name, used especially by a criminal; a false name〔尤
指罪犯所用的)化名，假名：He carried out a series of frauds
usinglunder several different aliases.他使用几个不同的假名
搞了一系列诈骗活动。
Al.i Ba.ba /，ali `baba; ，aeli 'ba:ba:/ the main character in a story
called Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves from The ARABIAN
NIGHTS. Ali Baba sees 40 thieves enter a secret CAVE(=a large
hole in the side of a cliff or under the ground) by saying the
magic words 'Open Sesame', which makes a door in the cliff
open. He repeats these words, enters the cave, and takes some
of the gold that the thieves keep there. When the thieves dis-
cover that Ali Baba knows their secret they decide to kill him
They hide in 40 large oil JARS (=round containers) which are
delivered to his house, but Ali Baba's servant hears about the
trick and saves his master by pouring boiling oil into the con-
0036
tainers and killing all the thieves.阿里巴巴〔《天方夜谭》故事
《阿里巴巴与四十大盗》中的主人公。他看到四十大盗念咒语“芝麻
开门”就能打开石门进入一个秘密岩洞，便照着这么说，进了岩洞、
拿了一些大盗存放在那里的金子。大盗发现阿里巴巴知道了他们
的秘密，就决定要除掉他。大盗藏在四十个大油罐里，然后叫人运
到阿里巴巴家中。但是阿里巴巴的仆人偷听到了这诡计。他将沸
油注入罐里杀死了那些大盗，救了主人〕
al.i.bi /`aele bai; 'aelbai/ n an argument or proof that a person
who has been charged with a crime was in another place when
he crime was done and that he/she therefore could not have
done it 以不在犯罪现场为理由的申辩[证明]：Jim's girlfriend
gave him a cast-iron (=very strong) alibi by saying that he
was with her on the night of the robbery.吉姆的女友为吉姆提
供了一个强有力的不在犯罪现场的证明，说发生抢劫那晚，吉姆—
直同她在一起。|(fig.喻)What's your alibi (=excuse) for be
ing late this time?你这次迟到又有什么借口？
Al.ice in Won.der.land /，aelis in`wandalaend; aelss in
wandelaend/ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland a book by
Lewis CARROLL about a girl called Alice who falls down a
rabbit hole and arrives in a magical land, where she meets
many strange animals and people, and has many strange
adventures. People sometimes describe something as being
'Alice-in-Wonderland', when they mean it is the opposite of
what is normal or what you expect.《艾丽丝漫游奇境记》〔刘
易斯·卡罗尔的一部作品。书中一位名叫艾丽丝的小女孩因掉入—
个兔子洞穴而来到一个奇境中。在那里，她遇到许多怪人异兽，并
经历了很多奇遇。“漫游奇境的艾丽丝”有时用来描述一些不合常
理或出乎意料的事物)； The book is a good introduction to the
strange, Alice-in-Wonderland world of theoretical physics.
这本书非常好，能把你带入一个奇异的、不可思议的理论物理学世
界。
Alice Springs /aelis `sprinz; aels 'sprinz/ a town in the NORTH
ERN TERRITORY of Australia, known as a popular place for tour-
ists 艾利斯斯普林斯〔位于澳大利亚北区的一个旅游城镇〕
a.li.en1 /`elien; 'eilien/ adj 1 belonging to another country o
race; foreign 外国的；异族的： alien religious customs 外国的宗
教习惯 | an alien culture 异域文化 2 [(to)] very different in
nature or character, especially so different as to cause dislike
or opposition 性质全然不同（因而引起反感）的： Their ideas are
quite alien to our way of thinking,他们的观点同我们看问题的
方法格格不入。| an alien concept 一种截然不同的概念—
alien2 n 1 (in films and stories) a
creature from another world 〔影片
小说中的〕外星人[生物]2a foreigner
who has not become a citizen of the
country where he/she is living 外侨
compare 比较 CITIZEN(2),
NATIONAL2, SUBJECT1(5)
Alien (1979) a US HORROR film about
a creature that kills people by living
n their bodies. There has been a se-
ries of Alien films, including Alien
Resurrection (1997)，《异形》〔(1979)
美国恐怖片。描述一种生物进入人体内
致人死亡的故事。《异形—浴火重生》
(1997)也属于“异形”系列)
alien ab.duc.tion /·.'·/ n [C; U] when a human being is
taken away by force by creatures from another part of the uni-
verse 外星劫持〔指被外星生物强行带走]
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Some people, especially
in the US, believe that they have been ABDUCTed by aliens
They have described being taken to a SPACECRAFT where
aliens examined them or did scientific tests on them, and
then returned them to Earth.尤其在美国，一些人自信曾被
外星人劫持。他们描述自己如何被带到飞船上，外星人如何对
他们的身体进行研究和科学实验、后来又如何把他们送回地
球。- see also 另见 ABDUCTEE
a.li·en·ate /eljon et; 'eilieneit/v[T (from)]1 to make (someone)
become unfriendly, unsympathetic, or unwilling to give sup-
port 离间，使疏远[不和]： By adopting this policy - they risk
alienating many of their supporters.他们采取这个政策，就要
冒同许多支持者疏远的风险。2 law to change who owns (land.
property etc)【律】转让，让渡〔土地、财产等的所有权〕- see also
另见INALIENABLE
a·li·en·a·tion /eljen`efen;eilie'neifan/ n [U (from)]1 separa-
tion from a person with whom one was formerly friendly 离间，
疏远 2 a feeling of not belonging to or being part of one's
surroundings〔觉得周围环境与自己格格不入的〕疏离感：离心离
德： The boring and repetitive nature of manufacturing jobs
has led to the alienation of many workers. 制造业的工作枯燥
而又单调，使许多工人产生了一种疏离感。
a·light1 /e`lait; e'lait/ v alighted or alit [I (from, on)] fml to get
off or down from something, especially at the end of a journey;
come down from above【正式】〔尤指在旅途终了时)从（交通工
具)上下来；飞落： The bird alighted on a branch.鸟儿飞落在
树枝上。| Passengers should not alight from the train until
it has stopped. 在列车未停稳之前，旅客请勿下车。
alight on/upon sthg. phr v [T] fml becoming rare to find o
see unexpectedly; HAPPEN on【正式，渐罕】偶然碰见[发现]
alight2 adj [F] 1 on fire; in flames 着火的： The dry leaves caught
alight. (=began to burn)干树叶着起火来了。| She poured kero
sene over the rubbish and then set it alight. (=lit it) 她往垃圾
上倒了煤油，然后点着了它。2 [(with)] having the lights on; lit
up 亮着的；闪耀着光彩的： Every window was alight.每扇窗户
都亮着灯光。|(fig.喻) eyes alight with happiness 闪烁着喜
悦的眼睛
a.lign /e`lain; e'lain/ v [T] to bring, form, or arrange into a line
a
or set of lines 使排成一线[一行、几行]；校准，校直： to align the
wheels of a car 校准汽车的前后轮
align sbdy./sthg. with sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] 1 to cause to
come into the same line as 使处于同一条直线上：to align a
picture with one directly opposite it把一幅画和正对着它的另
一
幅画对齐 2 to bring (oneself) into agreement or partnership
with 使一致；与·结盟： They aligned themselves with the op-
ponents of the government. 他们同反政府派结成了同盟。| They
are closely aligned with the opponents of the government.
他们和反政府派密切合作。- see also 另见 NONALIGNED
a.lign·ment /e`lainment; e'lainment/ n 1 [U] the state of being
brought or arranged into a line or set of lines排列成行；排成直
线： The wheels are out of alignment (with each other) —
they need to be brought back into alignment. 几个轮子 （相
互)不成一条直线,需要重新校准。2 [U](of people or countries
with the same aims, ideas etc) the act of forming into groups
e.g. in order to fight a war〔具有相同目标、观点的人或国家的)
结盟 - opposite 反义词 nonalignment 3 [C] a group formed
in this way 联盟： a new alignment of left-wing parties 几个左
翼政党结成的新联盟
*alike /e`laik; e'laik/ adj, ady [F] the same or similar; like one
another 相同 [相似]的 [地]；同样的 [地]： The two brothers are
very much alike. 这两兄弟非常相像。| She treats all her chil
alien 外星人
dren alike. 她对她的几个孩子一视同仁。| a training course
for employed and unemployed alike (=for both equally)就业
者和失业者同样都可以参加的培训班
al·i·men·ta.ry ca.nal /，aele`menteri ke'nael;aelmenteri ke'nael
n the tubelike passage leading from the mouth to the stomach
and onward, in which food passes from the mouth and is di-
gested (DIGEST')消化道〔从口腔通往胃及胃以下的管道〕
al·i·mo.ny /`aele,moni; 'aelmeni/ n [U] money that a man or
woman has been ordered to pay regularly to his/her former
partner after they have been legally separated or divorced
(DIVORCE). It is usually the man who is ordered to pay ali-
mony to the woman to help her support their children until
they are old enough to leave home.〔被判分居或离婚后配偶之
一方须向另一方支付的〕抚养费〔通常是由男方向女方支付抚养费
以帮助女方将孩子抚养成人〕- compare 比较 PALIMONY
a.lit /e`lit; e'lit/ past tense and participle of ALIGHT
Al.i.ta.li.a /，ali`talie; aeli'taelie/ trademark an Italian AIRLINE
(=a company that takes passengers to different places by plane)
【商标】意大利航空公司
*a.live /e`laiv; e'laiv/ adj [F] 1 [no comp.无比较级] having life;
not dead; living 活（着）的，活生生的：Are your grandparents
still alive?你的祖父母还在世吗？ | He's the only man alive
who could do it. 他是在世者中惟一能做到这点的人。| (fig. 喻)
local traditions that are still alive and well in rural regions
在农村地区依然保存和盛行着的地方习俗 」(fig.喻) The argu
ment was kept alive by the politicians.政治家使这场争论持续
下去。2 full of life; active 活跃的，充满活力的： Although he's
old, he's still very much alive.他虽然年事已高，但仍然充满活
力。| The meeting really came alive (=became lively) when
she stood up to make her speech,她站起来发言时，会议开始
真正活跃起来。3 [(with)] covered with or full of living things
充满活物的： The dead tree is alive with insects. 那棵枯树上爬
满了各种昆虫。4 [+to] having full knowledge of; AWARE 完全
知晓的，充分注意到··的： He was alive to the dangers of the
work.他十分清楚这项工作的危险性。5 alive and kicking alive
and very active 活泼的，跳跃的 6 alive and well and living
in.. a phrase used, especially in newspapers, when saying
that someone who was believed dead is in fact still alive在·.
0037
活得好好的〔尤用于报纸上，表示原以为某人已死亡，但实际上仍
活着)： She is reported to be alive and well and living in South
America.据报道她在南美活得好好的
al.ka·li/`aelke lai; 'aelkelai/ n -lis or -lies [C; U] tech a sub-
stance that forms a chemical salt when combined with an acid
【术语】碱（类） - compare 比较 ACID1(1) - -line adj
Al-ka-Sel-tzer/elke,scltse;,elke 'seltse'/ trademark a type
of medicine that you take to treat stomach problems, such as
those caused by eating or drinking too much. Alka-Seltzer are
added to water to make a FIZZY drink.【商标】“我可舒适”牌胃
药〔一种治疗因饮食过度而引起胃部不适的药品。这是一种泡腾
片，加入水中溶解后服用〕
*all/ol; o:l/ determiner, predeterminer 1 the complete amount
or quantity of; the whole of 全部： He ate all his food.他吃光了
他的全部食物。| He ate it all. 他把它全都吃了。| We walked
al the way.我们全程都是步行。| We worke hard all lst
year. 我们去年全年都干得很卖力。| Not all water is suitable
for drinking.不是所有的水都适于饮用。」 They dance all
night. 他们跳舞跳了个通宵。(compare 比较 They danced ev-
ery night. 他们每晚都跳舞。) | She's on the telephone all the
time. (=very often)她老是在打电话。2 every one of 每一个，所
有的：All these questions must be answered. 所有问题都必须
回答。| Answer them all. 回答所有的问题吧。| They must all
be answered. 这些问题每个都必须回答。| All children like toys.
所有孩子都喜欢玩具。| We bought all kinds of things. 我们购
买了各式各样的东西。| Ten students took the exam and they
all passed. 十名学生参加了考试，结果人人都及格了。| She was,
by all accounts(=everyone says so) an extraordinary woman.
人人都说她是一位非凡的女子。3 the greatest possible amount
of 尽可能的： The doctor came with all speed. 那位医生尽快地
赶来了。| I must tell you, in all honesty, that I don't agree.我
必须十分坦率地对你说，我不同意。4 influenced or controlled
as if by (the stated body organ)似乎受（身体器官）影响[控制]
的： He was all ears(=he listened very carefully) as she re
counted the strange story.当她详细地说那奇怪的经历时，他听得
十分入神。| I can't play the piano today; I seem to be all thumbs
我今天不能弹钢琴，我觉得手指很不灵活。5 all in a infml very
tired 【非正式】疲惫不堪，精疲力竭： I felt all in by the end of the
day.一天下来，我感到累极了。b with everything included
切包括在内： I sold the car, together with the radio and some
spare parts, for ￡2000 all in. 我把汽车连同车上的收音机和一
些零件都卖了，总共卖了2000英镑。|an all-in priceof ￡2000
(包括所有零件附件)总价2000英镑。- see also另见ALL-IN
WRESTLING 6 all outinfml using all possible strength and effort
【非正式】竭尽全力： We went all out/made an all-out effortto
finish the job by Christmas.我们全力以赴，以便赶在圣诞节前
完成这项工作。- see also 另见 ALL-PURPOSE, ALL-STAR. ALL-
TIME, all fours (FOUR), of all people (PEOPLE1), (all) well and
good(WELL1)
all2adv 1 [+adj/adv/prep] altogether; completely; wholly 完全
全部；都： She sat all alone. 她独自一人坐着。」 The old lady
gets all confused when she has a lot of visitors.来访的客人多
了，老太太就会手忙脚乱，不知所措。|I am all in favour of/all
foryour suggestion. 我完全赞成你的建议。| They were dressed
all in black. 他们穿了一身黑衣服。| The programme was all
about the dangers of smoking,该节目内容全都是关于吸烟的
危害性。2(after numbers) for each side〔用于数字后)各方： The
match ended in a draw, with the score three all. 比赛结果是
个平局，双方各得3分。3 all alonginfml all the time from the
beginning 【非正式】自始至终： I suspected all along that he was
lying.我始终怀疑他是在撒谎。4 all at oncesuddenly and un-
expectedly 突然，忽然，意想不到地 5 all butalmost; nearly 几
乎，差不多：It's all but impossible.这几乎是不可能的。 an
all but impossible task 几乎无法完成的任务 6 all over a ev-
erywhere on an object or surface 某物体或表面的全部： There
was mud all over the floor. 地板上到处都是泥浆。| Paint it
green all over! 把它全部漆成绿颜色！ b everywhere in a place
到处，处处： He looked all over for the lost book.他到处找那本
丢失的书。| We travelled all over India. 我们游遍了全印
度。c finished 结束，完毕： The referee has blown his whistle,
and it's all over! (=the game has finished) 裁判员已经吹哨，比
赛全部结束啦！d infml very like; thoroughly typical【非正式】
十分相像；典型地： He's always late; that's Billy all over. 他总
是迟到，比利就是这个样子。7 all the(with COMPARATIVE ad-
jectives and adverbs 与比较级形容词和副词连用) by so much
更加，愈： If we get help the work will be finished all the sooner.
如果有人帮助我们，这项工作会更快完成。| The rise in prices
is all the more serious because we are not selling enough
oods abroad.由于我们的货物出口情况不佳，物价上涨的问题
就更加严重了。8 all the sameinfml even so; in any case【非正
式】仍然，（虽然··）还是： She told me she hadn't enjoved the
film, but I decided to go and see it all the same.她对我说她
点都不喜欢那部影片，但我还是决定去看看。9 all the same to
infml not making any difference or causing any worry to【非正
式】毫无区别，无所谓： It's all the same to me whether you stay
or go.不管你是去是留，我都无所谓。| If it's all the same to
you, I'll turn the radio off. (=do you mind if I turn it off?)你
要是不介意的话，我就把收音机关掉。10 all told counting
everyone; all together 总共，合计： There are 48 members all
tld.总共有48名成员。11 all too very; much more than is
desirable 极；甚： These scenes of violence are all too familiar.
这些暴力场面简直是太熟悉了。12 all up (with) infml at an end;
ruined【非正式】完全了；完蛋了 13 not all that infml not very
【非正式】不很，不那么： I'm not all that hungry. 我不是很饿。
It's not as cold as all that.天气并不那么冷。14 (not) all there
infml (not) clever or healthy in the mind 【非正式】头脑（不）清
醒[正常]的： I don't think he's quite all there. 我认为他脑子不
怎么正常。- see also 另见 ALL CLEAR, ALL-POWERFUL, ALL
RIGHT, ALL ROUND, ALL-ROUND 15 be all over someone infml
to be kissing and touching another person in a sexual way【非
正式】与某人亲热，对某人动手动脚；You should've seen Julid
and Dan at the party -- they were all over each other.你真该
看看朱莉娅和丹在晚会上的那副亲热劲儿。| He was all over
me, before I could open my mouth to say ‘stop'.我还没来得
及张嘴说“不”，他就对我动手动脚了。
*all3pron 1 everyone or everything; the whole number, quantity
or amount 每个人；每样东西；全部： I brought all of them.我把
他们全都带来了。| He gave all he had. 他把他的所有都贡献出
来了。| We invited 100 people but not all of them came. 我们
邀请了100人，但他们没有全来。| It'll cost all of(=at least)
￡5000.这至少要5000英镑。| They ate the whole fish; bones.
tail, and all 他们把整条鱼，连骨头，尾巴等通通都吃掉了。」 It's
easy to put the fence up - all you need is a hammer and
some nails.筑起栅栏并不难——你所需要的不外乎是一把锤子
和一些钉子而已。2 all and sundry all types of people 各式各
样的人： They've invited all and sundry to the wedding. 他们
把各式各样的人都请来参加婚礼了。3 all for one and one for
allsaying we must all support each other and act together【谚】
人人为我，我为人人〔表示我们必须互相帮助〕4 all in allcon
sidering everything; on the whole; generally 一般地说，总的说
来： All in all we had a good time.总的说来，我们玩得很痛快
5 all one can do (not) to infml very difficult (not) to 【非正式】
很难（不） ··： It was all he could do not to cry. 他极勉强地做到
没有哭出声来。6(not) at all(in questions and negatives 用于
疑问和否定句)(not) in any way无论如何（都不），一点（都不）
到底，究竟： I don't agree with you at all. 我完全不同意你的
话。| It was late, but they were not at all tired. 已经夜深了，
但是他们一点都不觉得累。| He's not looking at all well. (=he
looks ill) 他看上去气色很不好。| The government has done
nothing at all to deal with the problem.政府没有采取任何措
施来解决这个问题。| Is it at all possible that you have made
a mistake?到底有没有可能你真的出了差错呢？ - see also 另
见 for all (FOR), in all (IN), not at all (NOT), once (and) for all
(ONCE)
□USAGE 用法说明 1 You can use all or all of before
nouns with a determiner (such as the, those, his). all或 all
of 可用于带限定词（如 the, those, his 等） 的名词之前： All
(of) the students are coming to the party (=the students
we are talking about).(这些学生全都来参加聚会〔指大家正
谈及的那些学生) 。) All, not all of is used before nouns with-
out a determiner.而 all 也可用于不带限定词的名词之前，
all of 则不可： All students hate exams. (=students in
general)(学生都讨厌考试〔泛指的学生)。) 2 All of is used
before personal pronouns.但 all of 可用于人称代词之前：
I'd like all of you to come. （我希望你们全体都来。） But you
can put all after the pronoun.而 all 就要用在人称代词之后
They all like parties.(他们全都喜欢参加晚会。) | I'd like
you all to come.(我希望你们大家都来。) 3 All is singular
with uncountable nouns.同不可数名词连用时 all 为单数
All (of) the money is spent.(所有的钱都花光了。) It is plu-
ral with plural nouns.同复数名词连用时它便是复数： All (of)
the people have gone.(所有的人都走了。)
all4n one's allespecially lit everything one possesses or con
siders valuable【尤文】某人拥有的或珍视的一切（东西）：They
gave their all in the struggle for freedom. 他们为争取自由献
出了自己的一切
all-- see 参见 WORD FORMATION
Allah/`aele; 'aele/ the MUSLIM name for God 安拉，真主〔伊斯兰
0038
教对所信仰的惟一神的称呼〕
all-A·mer·i·can1/.'·/ adj 1 having those qualities thought
to be admired by Americans. Most British people have an idea
of the all-American man or woman as being young, attractive,
healthy, and rich, and very keen to be successful, but also in
sincere, and not very clever. Many Americans, though, see the
all-American man or woman as usually middle-class, white
and as representing American values that have been passed
down from the past to the present.纯粹美国式的〔英国人大多
数都认为纯粹美国式的人都年轻漂亮，健康富有，而且成功欲望
强，但是他们缺乏真诚和智慧。然而许多美国人则认为这类人一般
都是中产阶级白人，他们体现的是过去流传下来的美国式价值观〕：
a clean-cut all-American boy 一个整洁体面的纯粹美国式少年
an all-American family, cheerful and friendly 一个典型的美
国式家庭，既开朗又亲切 2 representing the best in American
sports, especially in university〔指运动员，尤指大学生运动员〕
全美最佳的： an All-American player out of UCLA出自加州大
学洛杉矶分校的全美最佳球员
All-American2n a player who has been chosen as one of the
best in his or her sport in university 全美最佳大学生运动员： He
made All-American last year in football.他去年当选全美最佳
足球运动员。
Al-lan-a-Dale /，elen e`del;,aelen e 'deil/ a character who is a
member of ROBIN HOOD's group, who is also a musician 阿伦
厄戴尔〔罗宾汉为首的绿林好汉之一，也是一位乐手
all-a·round /， ·'·/ adj AmE for【美】= ALL-ROUND
allay /e`le; e'lei/ v [T] fml to make (fear, anger, doubt etc) less
strong; calm; reduce in strength or severity【正式】使〔恐惧、愤
怒、疑虑等)和缓，减轻： I hope this statement will allay the
public's fears.我希望这个声明将会减轻公众的恐惧心理。
All Blacks // n [the+P] the New Zealand international
RUGBY UNION team“全黑”橄榄球队〔新西兰一支国际性的联盟
橄榄球队〕
All-Bran /' / trademark a type of breakfast food with a lot of
BRAN in it, eaten with milk. It is known for being good for
making your BOWELS work easily, because of the FIBRE in the
bran.【商标】“全麦”纤维王〔一种早点，含有大量麦麸，掺牛奶食
用。因为麦麸内含纤维素，所以能促进肠蠕动〕
all clear, the /'/ n 1 a signal (such as a whistle or loud cry)
that danger is past 解除危险信号，解除警报： to sound the all
clear 发出解除危险的信号 - opposite 反义词 alert 2 official
permission for an intended action; GO-AHEAD 放行信号，〔对某
项行动的)批准： We're ready to start the building work, and
we're just waiting for the all clear from the council.我们马
上便可开始这大楼的建设工程，目前只等待委员会的批准。
all-com-ers /ol `kvma-z;o:l 'kvmez/ n [P] anyone who arrives
and wishes to compete所有参与竞争的人，所有参赛者：He
fiercely defended his right to speak out against all-comers.
他极力维护自己的权利，大胆驳斥所有参与竞争的人。
al·le·ga·tion /aele`gefen;aeli'geifan/n fml a statement, which
is not supported by proof, that someone has done something
bad or criminal【正式】〔说某人做了坏事，但无证据的〕宣称；指
控；据说：allegations of serious misconduct by government
officials有关政府官员严重渎职的说法|If the allegations
against him prove correct/prove to be well-founded, he will
lose his job.如果对他的这些指控证明是事实[有根据的],他将
失去他的工作。
al-lege /e`ld3; e'led3/ v [T] fml to state or declare without proof
or before finding proof【正式】〔在没有证据或在发现证据之前
指控，宣称：据说： [+(that)] The newspapers allege that the
police shot the suspect without warning.报纸声称警察没有发
出警告就打死了那个嫌疑犯。| This is what they allege, but
they are unlikely to be able to prove it. 这就是他们提出的指
控，但是他们未必拿得出证据来。|[+obi+to-y] He is alleged
to have passed on secret information to a newspaper.据说他
把秘密情报透露给了一家报纸。| an alleged thief偷盗嫌疑犯
under investigation for alleged fraud 因涉嫌欺诈而受调查 -
allegedly /e`led3idlI; e'led3dli/ adv: He was allegedly involved
in the great jewel robbery. (=according to what is allegec)据
说他与那桩抢劫珠宝的大案有牵连。
Al·le.ghen.y Moun.tains /elegeni`mauntnz;elgein
mauntanz/the Alleghenies a ranGe of mountains which go
from Virginia to Pennsylvania in the eastern US, and are part
of the APPALACHIANS 阿勒格尼山脉〔阿巴拉契亚山脉的一部分，
位于美国东部，自弗吉尼亚州绵延至宾夕法尼亚州〕
al·le·giance /e`lid3ens; e'li:d3ans/ n [C; U (to)] loyalty, faith.
and dutiful support to a leader, country, idea etc〔对领袖、国
家、观点等的)忠诚，拥护：to swear allegiance to the Oueen宣
誓效忠女王」His allegiances are divided. 他的忠诚并不专一。|
Their marketing manager switched allegiance from the
company to their main competitor.他们的销售经理已不再效
忠公司，转而投靠了公司的主要对手。- see also 另见 PLEDGE
OF ALLEGIANCE
al·le.go.ry /aele gori; 'aelgari/ n [C; U] (the style of) a story.
poem, painting etc, in which the characters and actions repre-
sent general truths, good and bad qualities etc(文学上的)寓
言，讽喻--gorical/aele`gorikl;ael'gorikal/adj--gorically
/-kli;-kli/adv
al·leg.ro /elegro; e'legreu/ n, adv, adj-gros (a piece of music)
played fast and with plenty of life〔乐曲〕快板；轻快地（的）
al·le·lu·ia /ele`luje;ael'lu:je/ n, interj =HALLELUJA
all-em.brac.ing /../ adjincluding everything or everyone
包罗万象的；总括的： Her speech was all-embracing - it cov-
ered every section of the community and every one of their
concerns.她的演说面面俱到——谈到了社区的每一个部分，也
谈到了他们所关心的每一个问题。
Al-len /`aelen; 'aelen/, Woody (1935- ) a US film DIRECTOR
who also acts in his own humorous films, which are often about
people who live in New York City and have problems in their
relationships. He typically appears as a character who is
confused, anxious, and does not have much confidence. His
relationship with his girlfriend Mia FARROW ended in 1992
because he was having a relationship with their adopted
(ADOPT) daughter Soon Yi Previn, whom he married in 1998.
伍迪·艾伦〔(1935-)，美国电影导演。他也在自己执导的喜剧片
中扮演角色。他的这些喜剧片常描述在感情上出问题的纽约人。他
扮演的角色主要表现为困惑、焦虑以及自信心不足。与养女宋仪的
暧昧关系导致他同女友米亚·法罗在1992年分手。1998年，他与
宋仪结婚〕
Allende /a`jendi; ar'endi/ Salvador /`saelve dor; 'saelvedo:/
(1908-1973)a SOCIALIST politician who was elected President
of Chile in 1970. In 1973 Allende and many of his supporters
were killed when the army took control of the government.阿
连德〔(1908-1973)，智利社会党政治家。1970年当选为智利总
统。1973年发生军事政变，他和他的许多支持者死于暴乱之中〕
All-En-gland Club / '·，/ a club in Wimbledon, London that
has grass TENNIS COURTS, where the famous TENNIS competi-
tion called WIMBLEDON is played every year. Its official name
is the ‘All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club',全英网球
俱乐部〔位于伦敦温布尔登的一家俱乐部，拥有草地网球场。每年
在此举行著名的温布尔登网球锦标赛。其正式名称是“全英草地网
球和门球俱乐部”〕
Allen key /'· / n BrE a small tool in the form of a metal bar
shaped like a letter L, which is used to turn an Allen screw
【英】〔L型钢制〕六角固定螺钉扳手
Allen screw /'. /n a type of screw with a hole in the top that
has six sides 六角固定螺钉〔颈部有六角凹槽的螺钉〕
Allen wrench /'· ·/ n AmE an ALLEN KEY【美】六角固定螺钉扳
手
al-ler.gic /e`l3d3ik; e'l3:d3ik/ adj [(to)] suffering from an al-
lergy 患过敏症的，过敏的： She is allergic to the fur of cats. 她
对猫的毛皮过敏。| anallergic reaction to cats 对猫的过敏反
应 」 (fig.喻) He seems to be allergic to hard work. (=he
strongly dislikes it)他似乎对艰苦工作极其反感。
aller.gy /aelad3i; 'aeled3i/ n [(to)] a condition of being unusu-
ally sensitive to something eaten, breathed in, or touched, in a
way that causes pain or suffering〔吃的、呼吸的或触摸的东西
所引起的)过敏性反应；过敏症：an allergy to household dust/
to penicillin 对家庭尘埃[青霉素]的过敏
al·le·vi·ate /e`liviet; e'li:vieit/ v [T] to reduce (pain, suffering
difficulties etc), especially for a short time; RELIEVE 减轻，缓
和〔痛苦、困难等〕 - -ation /elivi`efen;e,li:vi'eifan/ [U]
al-ley /`aelr; 'aeli/ n 1 a narrow street or path between buildings
in a town 〔市镇中的)小巷，胡同 -- see also 另见 BLIND ALLEY
2 a narrow street allowing entry to garages or BACKYARDS〔通
向车库或后院的〕小道，小路 3 a path in a garden or park, espe-
cially one bordered by trees or bushes〔花园、公园内的)小径
4 a long track along which balls are rolled in order to knock
over bottle-shaped objects in BOWLING or SKITTLES〔保龄球、
撞柱戏等的)球道 5right up one's alley AmE in one's area of
interest or activity【美】正合某人的胃口的；为某人所能的： That
job sounds like it's right up your alley.那工作听起来正合你
的胃口。
alley cat /'· / n [C] a cat that lives on the streets and does not
belong to anyone〔街上的〕野猫，流浪猫
al·ley·way /`aeli,we; 'aeliwei/ n an ALLEY (1)小巷，胡同
All Fools' Day // n [S] another name for APRIL FOOLS
DAY,April 1st 愚人节〔4月1日，April Fool's Day 的别名〕
all fours // non all fours with the hands and knees on the
floor 四肢着地： He was crawling around on all fours looking
0039
for his contact lens,他正爬着寻找他的隐形眼镜
All Hal·lows' Day / '· / also又作 All·hal·lows /ol`haeloz
o:l'haeleuz/,All·hal·low·mas /ol`haelomes;o:l'haeleomes/n [S
old use another name for ALL SAINTS' DAY. November 1st 【旧)
诸圣日：万圣节〔11月1日，All Saints' Day 的别名〕
al·li·ance /e`laiens: e'laions/ n 1 [C (with. between)] a close
agreement or connection made between countries, groups, fami-
lies etc for a shared purpose or for the protection of their
nterests 〔国家、团体、家族等之间的〕联盟，同盟： The two coun
tries entered into a defensive alliance (with each other),这两
个国家订立了防御同盟。|an alliance of moderate political
groupings to oppose the government 几个温和的政治派别结
成的反政府联盟- see also 另见 UNHOLY ALLIANCE 2[C+sing.
pl.v] a group or association formed in this way; combination
of allies (ALLY) 结盟的会社；同盟国： The SDP-Liberal Alli-
ance is holding a conference.社会民主党-自由党联盟正在举
行会议。3[U(with)] the act of forming an alliance or the state
of being in an alliance 结盟，联盟： The steel union, in alliance
with the railway workers, is planning a major strike.钢铁工
会和铁路工人联合，正计划举行一次大罢工。4[C] becoming
rare a union of families by marriage【渐罕】〔家族间的〕联姻
al-lied /e`laid; 'aelaid/ adj [(to)] 1 joined by political agreement
〔政治上〕结盟的，同盟的： the allied forces 盟军 -- see also 另
见 ALLIES 2 related, especially by shared qualities; similar〔性
质上)有关联的，类似的，同类的：a discussion of health and fit
ness and allied topics 对健康及其他同类议题的讨论 3 [F+with/
to] connected; in addition 与·相连接的；外加·的： The beau-
tiful photography, allied with a very good script, makes it an
excellent film.优美的摄影加上非常出色的脚本，结果拍出了一部
优秀的影片。- see also 另见 ALLY2
Al.lies /`elaiz; 'aelaiz/ n [the+P] 1 the countries, including
Britain, the USSR, and the US, who fought together during
World War II〔第二次世界大战时期的〕同盟国〔包括英、苏、美
2 the countries, including Britain, France, Russia, and the US.
who fought together during World War I 〔第一次世界大战时期
的〕协约国〔包括英、法、俄、美〕3 the United Nations countries
who fought together against Iraq during the Gulf War〔海湾战
争中的〕联合国多国部队
al-li-ga.tor /`aele get; 'aelgeite/ n -tors or tor 1 [C] a large
cold-blooded REPTILE that lives on land and in lakes and rivers
in the hot wet parts of America and China 短吻鳄〔一种冷血的
两栖爬行动物，产于美洲和中国的湿热地带，体形巨大)-com-
pare 比较 CROCODILE 2 [U] its skin turned into leather 短吻鳄
皮革 3 see you later, alligator a phrase used, especially by
and to children, to say goodbye. The reply to this is 'in a while,
CROCODILE’,再见〔儿童用语，或对儿童说再见时使用，回答是“in
a while, crocodile\")
all-in-clu·sive /·'·/ adj INCLUSIVE(1)概括全体的，包括一切
的
all-in wrest.ling /·/n [U] a type of professional wrestling
(WRESTLE) without limits on moves, holds, or methods自由式
摔跤
al.lit.er.a.tion /e lite`refen; e,lite'reifan/ n [U] the appearance
of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more
words that are next to or close to each other (as in'Round the
rocks runs the river')头韵〔相邻或相近几个词的起头音相同.
如“Round the rocks runs the river”)--tive /e`lite retiv;
e'literetiv/ adj--tively adv
all-night.er /ol `naite: o:l 'naite'/ n AmE a whole night spent
studying or working 【美】夜车，通宵学习或工作： Chip pulled an
all-nighter(=stayed up all night studying) before his chemis
try test.化学考试前一天，奇普开了一整晚的夜车
al.lo.cate /`aele ket; 'aelekeit/ v [T (to)] 1 to set apart for a par
ticular purpose; EARMARK 〔为某目的〕拨出〔款项等)： The gov-
ernment has allocated over ￡100 million to the job creation
programme.政府已拨出一亿多英镑用于一项创造就业机会的计
划。| That space has already been allocated for building a
new hospital. 那块空地已划作兴建新医院之用。2 to give as a
share 分配，配给： We've allocated accommodation to each of
the refugees. 我们已经为每一个难民分配了住处。| [obj(i)+ob
(d)] Each of the refugees has been allocated accommodation
每个难民都分到了住处
al.lo.ca·tion /，aele`kefen;aele'keifan/ n 1 [U] the act of allo
cating 拨给；分配，配给 2 [C] a share or amount that has beer
allocated 配给物；配给量，份额
al.lo.path.ic medi.cine /elopae0ik`medesn;eleupae0ik
medsan/ n [U] the science and practice of medicine that is
standard in the west; WESTERN MEDICINE 西方的传统医学：西
医
al-lot /e`lat; e'lot/ v-tt- [T (to)] to give as a share or set apart
for a purpose; allocate 分配；拨出〔作某种用途)： Most of the
money has already been allotted. 大部分款项都已经拨出。|
[+obj(i)+obj(d)] They allotted us three weeks to finish the
job.他们给了我们3周时间去完成这项工作。| We were unable
to finish it in the allotted time.我们无法在规定的时间里完成
这项工作
al-lot·ment /e`latment; e'lotment/ n 1 [C] a share,e.g. of money
or space 分配到的一份，份额 2 [U] the giving of shares; alloca-
tion 分配，配给 3 [C](in Britain) a small piece of land rented
out, especially by a town council, to people who will grow
vegetables on it〔在英国，尤指由市议会〕租给市民的小块菜地
all-out /V adj [A] total, complete, holding nothing back全
力以赴的，竭尽全力的：all-out war 全力以赴的战争| an all
out assault on their opponents' goal 向对方球门发动的全面进
攻
*al.low /e`lau; e'lau/ v 1 [T] to let (someone) do something with
out opposing them or trying to prevent them; let (something)
be done; permit 允许，容许，准许： They don't allow music af-
ter 10.30 at night.他们不准在晚间十点半以后放音乐。|[+v-
ing] Walking on the grass is not allowed.不准践踏草地。
[+obj+to-v] His parents won't allow him to come.他的父母
不会允许他来的。 He would like to come, but he's not al-
lowed to.他倒是想来，但没有得到许可。| Allow me to explain
(=I would like to explain) that the government has no inten-
tion of raising taxes.请容许我解释一下，政府并没有增税的意
图。2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to let come or go 允许进[出]： I don't
allow dogs in the house. 我不允许狗进屋。] They're not al-
lowed out on Sundays. 他们星期天不许外出。3 [T] to provide
or give (especially money or time), for a special purpose〔为某
种目的)给予〔钱或时间)； You'll have to allow three days for
that job.你得给三天时间才能完成那项工作。| I+obj(i)+obi(d)]
My father allows me money for books. 我父亲给我钱买书。
We are only allowed a three-minute break.只准我们休息三分
钟。4 [I+of; T] to make possible (for)容许有··的余地；使有可
能： The facts allow (of) no other explanation.事实不容作其他
解释。[ [+obj+to-v] The extra money will allow us to buy a
car.我们有了那笔额外的钱就有可能买辆汽车了。|A loophole
in the law allowed them to escape prosecution,法律上的漏洞
使他们免于被起诉。5 [T] to officially accept as correct, proper
etc （正式）承认；把··视为正确[正当]： The referee refused to
allow the goal. 裁判员不承认这次进球。| Will the court allow
her claim?法庭会承认她的要求吗？ - opposite 反义词 disal
low 6 [T+that; obi] fiml to admit 【正式】承认： We must allow
that/It must be allowed that he is a very clever politician. （我
们)必须承认他是一位非常精明的政治家。
allow for sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] to take into consideration 考
虑，顾及： The cost of the project will be ￡2 million, which
allows for inflation at 5%.该项目将花费200万英镑，连5%的
通货膨胀率也已计算在内。| [+v-ing] We must start early, to
allow for finding their house.我们必须早点出发，因为还得花
时间去找他们的房子。| [+obi+y-ing] Allowing for the train
being late, we should be back by 10.30. 把火车误点的时间考
虑在内，我们10：30之前也该回来了
al.low.a.ble /e`lauobl; e'lauebal/ adj that may be allowed or
permitted 可允许的；可承认的 - -bly ady
al.low·ance /e`lauens; e'lauens/ n 1 [C] a something, espe-
cially money, provided regularly or for a special purpose定时
供给之物〔尤指钱〕，补助，津贴：The scholarship includes ar
allowance (of ￡100) for books.奖学金包括(100镑)书籍费津
贴。| a travelling allowance 旅费补助 b AmE for 【美】 = POCKET
MONEY(1) 2 [C] a money taken off the cost of something,
usually for a special reason; reduction 减免的款（项） b ar
amount of money one is allowed to earn free of tax 个人收入免
税额： a married man's tax allowance 已婚男子的个人收入免
税额3[C; U] the taking into consideration of facts that may
change something, especially an opinion or judgment 〔对某些
特殊因素的)考虑，顾及： She failed one of the exam papers
but we ought to make allowance(s) for the fact that she was
ill.她有一科考试不及格，但是我们必须考虑到她当时有病。
al.loy' /`aeloi; 'aeloi/ n [C; U] a metal that consists of two or
more different metals mixed together合金： Brass is an alloy
of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜和锌的合金
al.loy2 /e`loi; e'loi/ v [T] 1 lit to lower in value or quality; spoil
【文】使降低价值[品质、成色]，使变坏 - see also另见 UNAL
LOYED 2 [(with)] tech to mix (one metal) with another 【术语】
使〔一种金属〕与另一种金属熔成合金
all-par.ty // adj involving Members of Parliament from
different political parties 包括所有党派议员的：An all-part
committee of MPs has been set up to report on recent changes
in the NHS.各个党派分别派出议会议员成立委员会，对国民保健
0040
制度近来的一些变革进行汇报。
all-points bul·le·tin /，·· '·/ n AmE a police message,e.g
about a person wanted for questioning, broadcast to all police
stations in an area【美】〔警方向辖区内所有警署广播的、描述缉
拿中罪犯情况的〕详情通报，全境通告
all-pow.er.ful /，'·./ adj having the power to do anything;
OMNIPOTENT 全能的，无所不能的
all-pur·pose /'·/ adj [A] able to be used in all conditions or
for all purposes 通用的，可作多种用途的；适用于各种状况的： an
all-purpose cleaning liquid万能洗涤液
all right /，· '/ adj, ady [F no comp. 无比较级] 1 safe, unharmed.
or healthy 安全的[地]，健康的[地]，安然无恙的[地]： The driver
was rather shaken after the accident, but otherwise all right,
发生车祸之后，司机吓坏了，但除此之外安然无恙。2 infml sat-
isfactory but not very good; acceptable; in a satisfactory or
acceptable manner or state【非正式】还算可以（的），令人满意的
[地]： His work is all right (but he could be faster).他的工作还
过得去（但还可以做得更快一点）。| We're doing all right.我
们的工作还算顺利。3 allowable;acceptable 可允许的；可接受
的： Is it all right if I go now?我现在去可以吗？4 also 又作
right -(in answer to a suggestion, plan etc) I/we agree; yes
(我，我们)同意；好的〔对建议等的答复)：“Come tomorrow.
“All right! What time?”“明天来吧！”“好的，什么时间？”5 infml
beyond doubt; certainly 【非正式】确实，无疑： He's ill all right;
he's got pneumonia. 他确实病了：他得了肺炎。- see 参见
ALRIGHT (USAGE) 6 That's/It's all right (used as a reply
when someone thanks you or says they are sorry for some
thing they have done)〔对表示感谢或为某事表示道歉的人所作
的回答)没关系：“Sorry I'm late.”“That's all right.”“真抱歉.
我迟到了。”“没关系。”7 I'm all right Jack BrE【英】also 又作
you're, she's etc all right Jack used in order to show disap
proval when someone's attitude shows that they do not care
about a problem that other people are having, because it does
not affect them 我[你、她]好就行了〔用来表示对于某人事不关
己的态度的不满)：Middle-class resistance to tax increases is
typical of the I'm all right Jack mentality.中产阶级对于增加
税收的抵制是一种典型的私利心态。| You got a pay rise —
you're all right Jack, so I suppose you don't want to hear
about anyone else's problems.你加薪了 —- 你现在好了，我猜
你就不想听别人有什么问题了吧。
□USAGE 用法说明 1 In a talk or lecture, all right can be
used to show that the speaker is introducing a new topic or
activity.在谈话或讲演时，all right 可用来表示讲述者接下
去要谈某个新的话题： All right, now let's move on to the
next point.(好吧，我们现在来谈下一点。) | All right, now
if you'll come over here, I'll show you how this machine
works.(好，你们现在过来，我让你们看看这台机器是怎样运
作的。) 2 In informal spoken English (all) right is often
used to check that the listener has understood.在非正式口
头英语中，(all) right 常用于探询听讲者是否已经明白：We
switch it on and then press this button. (All) right?(我们
先接通电源，然后按这个按钮，明白了吗？)
all round /'/ adv infml in regard to everything; in every way
【非正式】各方面： Taken all round (=when everything is
considered) it's not a bad car.从各方面来看，这辆汽车不错。
all-round /' ·/ also 又作 all-around AmE【美]-- adj [A] hav-
ing ability in many things, especially in various sports多才多艺
的；〔尤指在运动方面〕全能的： an all-round athlete 全能运动员
all-round·er /， '·/ n 1 a person who has ability in many things
多才多艺的人；多面手： He's a good all-rounder who likes
sports, books, and music.他是个多才多艺的人，喜欢运动、看
书，爱好音乐。2(in cricket) a plaver who can both BAT and
BOWL to a relatively high standard〔板球中击球和投球水平都
比较高的〕全能球员
All Saints' Day /，/ n [S] 1 November, when Christian
churches remember all the SAINTS〔11月1日，基督教教会纪念
所有圣人的〕诸圣日，万圣节
all-seat.er /'./ adj[A] BrE (of a place where sports are played)
having only seats and no places where people are allowed to
stand, considered to be safer than places where people are al-
lowed to stand【英】〔指体育运动场所〕全座的〔只有座席，不允许
人们站着观看，因为这样比较安全)：an all-seater football sta-
dium 全座位足球馆
all-sing·ing all-danc·ing /，··/ adj [A] BrE infml, using
every possible means to attract attention【英，非正式】使出浑身
解数来招引别人注意的
all.sorts /`olsorts; 'o:lso:ts/ n [P] sweets made from LIQUORICE
in several different shapes〔用甘草根浸出物做的不同形状的〕什
锦糖：liquorice allsorts 甘草什锦糖
All Souls' Day /，/n [S] 2 November, when people in Chris
tian churches pray for the souls of those who have died 〔11月
2日，基督教教会为亡灵祈祷的〕万灵节
all-spice /`ol spais; 'o:lspais/ n [U] a powder made from the
berries of a tropical American tree, used for giving a special
taste to food 多香果粉〔一种香料〕
all-star /'· ·/ adj [A] including many famous actors 名角众多
的，明星荟萃的： a film with an all-star cast 全明星演出阵容的
一部影片
All-Star n a professional BASEBALL or BASKETBALL player who
is one of the best and most popular, and who has been chosen
to play in an All-Star team (=a team made up of the best
players)全明星队队员〔经选拔组成全明星队的最佳职业棒球或篮
球选手
All-Star break /'/ n in BASEBALL, a period in the middle of
the SEASON (=the period in the year when baseball is played)
when All-Star games are played 全明星赛时间〔棒球赛季过半
时，全明星赛的比赛时间〕
All-Star game /·'/ n a BASEBALL or BASKETBALL game
played between teams that are made up of the best and most
popular professional players in the sport 全明星（对抗）赛〔由
最佳职业棒球选手或篮球选手组成的球队之间的比赛〕
All's Well that Ends Well /，·/ a humorous play by
William SHAKESPEARE about the relationship between the two
main characters, Helena and Bertram. People sometimes use
the expression 'All's Well that Ends Well' to say that a diffi-
cult situation has ended with a good result.《终成眷属》〔莎士比
亚的一部喜剧，描述两位主人公海伦娜和勃特拉姆之间的关系。人
们有时用这一表达方式来说明苦尽甘来〕
all-ter-rain bi-cy-cle /，· '·/ n [C] a MOUNTAIN BIKE 全地形
自行车；适合各种地形的自行车
all-ter-rain ve-hi.cle /，·'·/ n [C] especially AmE a motor
vehicle with three or four wheels for use on rough ground,
popular with young people【尤美】适合各种地形的车辆〔三轮或
四轮，年轻人尤为喜欢)- see 参见 OFF-ROAD VEHICLE
All Things Bright and Beau·ti·ful /，，···/ a HYMN(=a
song of praise to God) that used to be taught to children in the
UK, but is less common now《天下明朗悦目万物》〔赞美诗，过
去在英国常用来教小孩子唱，现已不常见〕：
All things bright and beautiful,
All creatures great and small.
All things wise and wonderful,
The Lord God made them all.
天下明朗悦目万物，
世间大大小小生灵。
灵秀奇妙这一切，
都是出自神之手。
all-time /'/ adj [A] being the greatest, biggest, most etc, ever
known 前所未闻的，空前的：an all-time record 前所未闻的记
录 | The shop's sales have reached an all-time high this year.
今年该店的销售额达到前所未有的最高记录
al.lude /e`lud; e'lu:d/ v
allude to sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] fml to speak about (someone
or something), but in an indirect way【正式】暗示，暗指〔某人
或某事)： She didn't mention Mr Smith by name, but it was
clear she was alluding to him.她没有提到史密斯先生的名字，
但很明显她暗指的就是他。
al-lure1 /e`lur; e'ljue/ v [T] to attract or charm by the offer of
something pleasant; TEMPT 引诱，诱惑： The job offers alluring
opportunities.这份工作提供各种诱人的机会
allure2n [S; U] (an) attraction; charm 诱惑力，魅力，吸引力： the
allure of famelforeign travel 成名[出国旅行]的诱惑
al.lure·ment /e`lurment; e'ljuement/ n something that attracts.
charms, or TEMPTS 诱惑物
al·lu·sion /e`lu3en; e'lu:3an/ n [C; U(to)] fml (an example of)
the act of alluding or speaking about something indirectly, es.
pecially while speaking about something else【正式】间接提及，
暗示，暗指；典故： She made several allusions to the previous
government's failures. 她几次转弯抹角地提到了上届政府的种
种失误。- -sive /e`lusiv; e'lu:siv/ adj: an allusive style of
poetry which is hard to understand不容易读懂的富于典故的
诗体 - -sively ady
al·lu·vi·al /e`luviel; e'lu:viel/ adj being, concerning, or made of
soil put down by rivers, lakes, floods etc〔江、湖、洪水等〕冲积
而成的，与冲积有关的：an alluvial plain 冲积平原
al·lu·vi·um /e`luyiem:e'lu:yiem/n-yiums or -yia /-yie:-yie/
[C; U] tech soil put down by rivers, lakes, floods etc 【术语】冲
积土
al.ly1 /`aelai; 'aelai/ n 1 a country that is joined to another by
0041
political agreement, especially one that will provide suppor
in war; member of an ALLIANCE 盟国，盟邦； a meeting of the
European allies 欧洲诸盟国的一次会议 - see also 另见 AL.
LIES 2 a person who regularly provides help or support; ASSO-
CIATE 盟友，支持者： one of the Prime Minister's closest allies
总理最亲密的盟友之
al.ly2 /e`lai; e'lai/ v [I; T (with, to)] to join or unite, e.g. by
political agreement or marriage(使)和··结盟 [联姻]： The small
country allied itself with/to the stronger power,该小国同一
个强国结成了联盟。- see also 另见 ALLIED
Ally McBeal / aeli `mukbil; aeli 'mukbi:l/ a popular US televi-
sion SITCOM about a young woman named Ally McBeal, who
is a lawyer. She is attractive and successful in her job, but she
worries a lot about her relationships with men and with the
other people she works with. The show includes dreamlike
scenes, in which events that Ally McBeal imagines in her mind
seem to be really happening.《艾丽·麦克比尔》〔一部流行的美
国电视情境喜剧。剧中描述了一位年轻女律师艾丽·麦克比尔的故
事。她长相迷人而且事业有成，但一直为与男性和同事的关系大感
苦恼。剧中有一些梦幻般的场景，似乎演绎着她的幻想
Al-ly Pal-ly /aeli`paeli; aeli 'paeli/ an informal name for ALEXANDRA
PALACE 亚历山德拉宫〔Alexandra Palace 的非正式名称〕
al·ma ma·ter /，alme `mate;elme 'meite'/ n [usually sing. -
般用单数] fml【正式】1 the school, college, or university which
one attended 母校 2 AmE (usually caps 一般用大写) the song
of a school, college, or university【美】校歌
al.ma.nac /`olme naek; 'o:lmenaek/ n a book giving a list of the
days of a year, together with information, often in the form of
tables, about the times of sunrise and sunset, changes in the
moon, rise and fall of the sea etc历书，年鉴：天文年历〔内容除
日历外还说明日出日落时间、月亮的变化及潮汐等〕
al·might·y /ol`maitr; o:l'maiti/ adj1 (often cap.常用大写) able
to do everything; OMNIPOTENT 全能的，万能的： Almighty God
God Almighty 全能的主[上帝] 2 [A] infml very big, strong
great etc【非正式】很大的，很强的： I heard an almighty crash
我听到轰隆一声巨响。
Al·mo.do.var /，aelmo`dovar;,aelmeu'deuva:/, Ped.ro /pedro;
pedreu/(1951-)a Spanish DIRECTOR known for his amusing
films about Spanish society. His films are often about people
with unusual sexual desires and women with serious emotional
problems, and include Women on the Verge of a Nervous
Breakdowr (1988) and Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (1989). 阿
尔莫多瓦〔(1951-)，西班牙导演，以描写西班牙社会的滑稽影片
而出名。他的影片常描述具有异常性欲的人和有严重情绪问题的
女性，包括《处于神经崩溃边缘的女性》(1988)和《捆着我！绑着
我！》(1989)〕
al·mond /`aemend; 'a:mend/ n 1 a fruit tree whose seeds are
eaten as nuts 杏树，扁桃树 2 the nut of this tree 杏仁，扁桃仁
Almond Joy /，. / trademark a type of chocolate bar in the
US which is made from COCONUT and ALMONDS【商标】杏仁乐
(美国的一种由椰肉和杏仁做成的巧克力〕
al·mo·ner /`aelmene; 'a:mene'/n becoming rare an official in
a British hospital who looks after the material and social needs
of the sick (now officially called 现正式名称为 a medical so-
cial worker)【渐罕】〔英国医院中照顾病人物质与福利需求的〕医
院社会工作者
*al.most /ol,most; 'o:lmeust/ adv very nearly but not quite几
乎，差不多，差一点；将近：I almost dropped the plate.我差点失
手把盘子掉在地上。| She said almost nothing.她几乎一言不
发。| It's almost certain to succeed./It will almost certainly
succeed. 这几乎肯定会成功的。| almost everyone 几乎每一个
人|an almost perfect performance 接近于完美的表演 |“Have
you finished?”“Almost.”“你做完了没有？”“差不多了。”- see
参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Gradable and Non-gradable Ad-
jectives
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare almost and nearly, which
have similar meanings. 比较 almost 和 nearly 这两个近义
词。1 You can use either almost or nearly before all, every
and always, and before negative verbs.在 all, every 和
always 以及否定性动词之前 almost 和 nearly 均可用： They
almost/nearly always have coffee for breakfast. （他们几
乎每顿早餐都喝咖啡。)| Almost/nearly all the guests are
here.(差不多所有的客人都来了。)| I almost/nearly didn't
wake up on time.(我差点睡过了时间。) 2 You can say very
pretty/not before nearly, but you cannot use these words
before almost. 在 nearly 之前可用 very/pretty/not 等词，
但在 almost 之前就不能用这些词： We pretty nearly missed
the train. （我们差点误了火车。） | I've not nearly finished
(我还剩一点点没有做完。)3 You can use almost before any
and before negative words such as no, none, never, nobody
nothing. But you cannot use nearly in this way.在 any之
前，或 no, none, never, nobody, nothing 等否定词之前可
以用 almost,但 nearly 就不能用于这些词之前： Almost any
bus will do. （几乎所有线路的公共汽车都行。） | I almost never
see her.(我几乎从来见不到她。) -- see also 另见 PRACTI-
CALLY(USAGE)
alms /amz; a:mz/ n [P] old use money, food, clothes etc, given
to poor people【旧】施舍物，救济品[金]
alms-house/' /n a house, usually one of a group, provided in
former times by a rich person, in which old or poor people
could live without paying rent 〔过去由有钱人开办的〕救济院；慈
善养老院
a.loft /e`loft; e'loft/ adv fml high up, especially in the air or
among the sails of a ship【正式】在高处〔尤指在空中或桅杆高处〕：
The flag was flying aloft.旗帜高高飘扬。
a.loha /e`loha; e'leuhe/ interj, n AmE used as a greeting or to
say goodbye, especially in Hawaii【美】喂〔用作问候语〕；再见
〔尤在夏威夷使用〕
*a.lone /e`lon; e'leun/ adj, adv 1 [F] without or separated from
others 单独的[地]，独自的[地]： She lives alone. 她独居。」 The
house stands alone on the hill. 那所房子孤零零地坐落在小山
上。| I was (all) alone in the house.房子里只有我孤零零一个
人。| I'm sure I'm not alone in thinking (=not the only per-
son who thinks) that this is a mistake.我可以肯定，认为这是-
个错误的绝不只我一个。2 [after n 用于名词后] only 仅仅，只
有： You alone can do it. (=you are the only person who can do
it.)只有你能做这件事。」 The grant was awarded on merit
alone. 补助金只发给有功绩者。| Time alone will show who
was right. 只有时间能证明到底谁对。| The price alone should
have made you realize it was a trick. (=without even consid-
ering other facts)单看价格，你本来就该知道这是个骗局。」 She
alone of all the applicants (=she was the only one), had the
qualifications we were looking for.在所有的申请人当中，惟
独她具有我们所期望的专业资格。3leave/let someone or some-
thing alone: a to allow one to be by oneself 让其独处：不打扰
b to allow someone or something to remain untouched or un-
changed 听其自然，不加干涉，不予触动： Leave that alone; it's
mine.不要动它，那是我的。- see also 另见 go it alone (GO1),
let alone (LET1) 4 I want to be alone a phrase believed to have
been used by Greta Garbo, now often used humorously 我想-
个人呆着〔据传出自格丽泰·嘉宝之口，现常作为幽默的说法]
□USAGE 用法说明 Being alone is neither good nor bad.
alone 既不表示好，也不表示坏： She lives on tea and cake
when she's alone.(她一个人用餐时只喝点茶，吃点蛋糕。)
Solitary and lone, when used of things, mean that there is
only one. solitary 和 lone 在指物时，意思是“只有一个”：a
solitary/lone tree in the garden （园子里惟一的一棵树） . But
used of people they may show sadness, like lonely or lone-
some (especially AmE).但在指人时，就跟 lonely 或 lone
some （尤美） 一样，含有哀伤的意义： Come over and see me
I'm feeling a bit solitary/lonely/lonesome.(来看看我吧，
我觉得有点孤寂。)Forlorn suggests great sadness because
of being left alone, and desolate is even stronger. forlorr
指由于孤零零地被撇下而感到很伤心，而 desolate 的哀伤色
彩就更加强烈： The death of his wife left him completely
forlorn/desolate.(妻子去世以后，他孑然一身，倍觉孤寂。)
*a.long1 /e`lon; e'lpn/ prep 1 from one end of to the other; in a
line in the direction of the length of 沿着，循： We walked along
the road. 我们沿大路而行。2 in a line next to the length of 沿
着·之傍，沿着·成一行： Trees grew along the river bank. 沿
着河岸树木成行。3 at a point on the length of 在某段的一点上：
His room is along this passage.他的房间就在这走廊上。
*along2 adv 1 forward; on 向前，往前： She cycled along, singing
happily.她骑着车，快乐地唱着歌前进。2 with others or one-
self 随同，一起： When we went to Paris we took my sister along
(with us).我们去巴黎时，把我的妹妹也一起带去了。3 to that
place or this place 到这里或那里： I'll be along soon.我一会儿
就过去。| There's a meeting at the Town Hall and I'm think-
ing of going along. 市政厅有个会，我打算去参加。| She was
just about to go home when along he came./Along came her
boyfriend, full of apologies, (note word order 注意词的次序)
她正要回家时，他来了。[她的男朋友来了，不停地赔不是]。4
along with together with 跟·一块； There was a bill along
with the parcel. 随同包裹来的还有一张账单。- see also 另见
0042
all along (ALL2)
a.long.side /e,lon`said; e,lon'said/ adv, prep close to and in
line with the edge of (something); along the side (of)靠着[沿
着]··旁边；与·并排： We brought our boat alongside (their
boat).我们把船靠到（他们的船）旁边。|(fig.喻) videos,
recordings,and other learning aids to be used alongside
(=together with or at the same time as) the books 同课本一起
使用的电视、录音和其他辅助教学手段
a·loof1 /e`luf; e'lu:f/ adv [(from)] apart; distant, especially in
feeling or interest 冷漠地；疏远地： He kept himself aloof/re
mained aloof from the other students.他孤芳自赏，不和别的
同学来往。
aloof2 adj not very open or friendly in one's relations with other
people;RESERVED(待人)冷淡的，不友善的：I find her rather
alooflrather an aloof character.我觉得她相当冷淡。- ~ly
ady -ness n IU (from)l
*a.loud /e`laud; e'laud/ adv 1 in a usual speaking voice; not si-
lently 出声地： The teacher asked me to read the poem aloud
老师叫我朗读这首诗。| Party members are wondering aloud
(=openly asking) whether he will resign,党员都公开地质疑他
是否打算辞职。2 in a loud voice; so as to be heard at a distance
大声地，高声地： The pain made him cry aloud. 他痛得大声喊
叫。
al.pac.a /ael`paeke; ael'paeke/ n 1 [C] a sheeplike animal of Peru.
related to the LLAMA 〔秘鲁产的〕羊驼 2 [U] cloth made from
the wool of the alpaca 羊驼呢绒
Al.pen /`aelpen; 'aelpen/ n [U] trademark a type of breakfast
cereal made with grains, fruit, and nuts, and eaten with milk,
and considered to be a healthy food【商标】瑞士营养麦〔一种谷
类早餐食品。用谷物、水果和果仁制成，掺牛奶吃，被认为是一种
健康食品〕
al-pha /`aelfe; 'aelfe/ n the first letter (A, a) of the Greek alphabet,
sometimes used as a mark for excellent work by a student
希腊字母表中的第一个字母<A,α>〔有时用作学生作业优秀的符
号〕
alpha and o.me.ga /.·. '·/ n [the+S (of)] lit【文】 1 the begin-
ning and the end 首尾，始终 2 the most necessary or important
part 最必要[重要]的部分
*al.pha.bet /aelfe,bet; 'aelfebet/ n the set of letters used in writ-
ing any language, especially when arranged in order〔尤指按顺
序排列的)一套字母，字母表： the Greek/Russian alphabet 希腊
文[俄文]字母（表）
al·pha.bet.i.cal /，elfe`btikl;aelfe'betikel/also又作
al·pha·bet·ic /，aelfe`batik;,aelfe'betik/ rare【罕】- adj of, be-
longing to, or in the order of the alphabet 字母的；按照字母顺
序的： In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical
order.词典里的单词是按照字母顺序排列的。- ~ly /-kli;-kli/
adv
alphabet soup /'·/ n [U] infml speech or writing that is full
of ABBREVIATIONs and ACRONYMS【非正式】字母汤〔指全是维
写字母名称的演说或文字)： Education is all alphabet soup these
days.现代教育全是些字母汤
al·pha.nu·mer.ic /，aelfenu`marik;,aelfenju:'merik/ adjtech
using or consisting of both letters and numbers【术语】字母和
数字（并用）（式）的；文数（式）的：an alphanumeric characte
set/code 文数字元集；字母数字编码
al.pine /`aelpain; 'aelpain/ adj 1 of the Alps or other high moun-
tains 阿尔卑斯山的；高山的 2 (of plants) growing on parts of
mountains that are too high for trees to grow on植物]高山性
的
Al.po /aelpo; 'aelpeu/ trademark a type of DOG FOOD sold in the
US【商标】阿尔波狗食〔一种在美国销售的狗食〕
Alps. the /aelps; aelps/ a RANGE of mountains which go through
France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and Austria. Many people
visit the Alps to SKI.阿尔卑斯山脉〔绵延经过法国、瑞士、意大
利、德国和奥地利。许多游人去阿尔卑斯山脉滑雪
*al.read.y /ol`radi; o:l'redi/ adv 1 by or before now or a particu-
lar time 已经： It's too late to give him any advice -- he's al-
ready made up his mind.向他提任何忠告都太迟了，他已经拿
定了主意。| By the time we got there, it was already getting
dark.等我们赶到那里时，天已经黑下来了。| He had already
gone (when I arrived).(等我到达时) 他已经走了。| The new
restaurant is unlikely to do well:there are too many restau-
rants here already.新饭店的生意看来不会好，这一带的饭店已
经太多了。2 even before the time expected 比预期早：Are you
leaving already?你这么早就要走吗? | She's here already;
she must have come on the early train.她已经到了，她一定是
搭早班火车来的。3 on another occasion in the past; before 过
去曾经，以前： I'm not going to watch that programme; I've
seen it already. 我不打算看那节目，我以前看过了。
□USAGE 用法说明 1 Compare 比较 already and 和 yet
Yet is used in negative forms, yet 用于否定形式； I haven't
finished yet(我还没有做完呢。), and also in most question
forms 还用于大多数疑问形式： Have you finished yet? （你
做完了没有？)But compare 但请比较以下两个句子：Have
you had your lunch yet? （你吃过中午饭没有？） (asking for
information 用于探询情况) and 和 Have you had your lunch
already?(你已经吃过中午饭了吗？) (expressing surprise 表
示惊讶) 2 Compare 比较 already and 和 all ready。We're
all ready means that all of us are ready.“ We're all ready”
意思是我们每一个人都已经做好了准备。- see also 另见
JUST (USAGE), STILL (USAGE)
alright /ol`rait;o:l'rait/ adj, adv [F no comp.无比较级] = ALL
RIGHT
□USAGE 用法说明 Alright is very common now, but
some people think all right is better English. alright 现在
已很通用，不过有人认为用 all right 更好。- see also 另见
ALL RIGHT (USAGE)
Al·sa·tian /ael`sefen; ael'seifan/ especially BrE【尤英】German
shepherd especially AmE【尤美】 - n a large dog with brown
and grey fur, similar to a WOLF, which is often used by the
police or used for guarding property 阿尔萨斯狗，德国牧羊狗，
狼狗
*al.so /`olso; 'o:lseu/ adv as well; besides; too亦，也，同样，并且：
You'll have to get a passport, and you'll also need a visa.你
必须申办护照，同时还需要有签证。|The weather was not only
cold, but also wet. (=both cold and wet)天气不仅寒冷，而且潮
湿。
□USAGE 用法说明 1 Also, as well, and too have similar
meanings, but as well and too are more common than also
at the end of a clause. also, as well 和 too 具有相同的含义，但
与also相比， as well和 too 更常用于句子的末尾： You'll need
a new suitcase as well.(你还需要一个新的手提箱。)| I must
buy one too. （我也要买一个） 。 Also is slightly more formal.
相比之下 also 要稍微更正式一些： She can sing and also
dance, （她能歌善舞。） 」 She can sing, and dance too/as well
(less formal).(她会唱歌，也会跳舞。)〔不如前句正式)2In
negative expressions neither or not. either is used.表示
否定用 neither 或 not. either: “Does she eat meat?” “No.
and she doesn't eat fish either/No, and neither does he/
he doesn't either.”(“她吃肉吗？”“不吃，鱼她也不吃。”[“不
吃，他也不吃。”])
also-ran /'· /n 1 a horse that ran in a race but was not one of
the first three at the end〔赛马中〕不在前三名之列的马，未获名
次的马 2 a person who has failed to win or do well, e.g. in a
competition or election〔比赛、选举等中的)落选者，失败者
al-tar /`olt; 'o:lte/ n a table or raised level surface used in a
religious ceremony, e.g. in the Christian service of Communion.
The word is often used in connection with weddings. For
example, if a woman talks about getting a man to the altar, she
means marrying him in a church.祭坛；（尤指基督教堂内的〕圣
餐台〔该词常与婚礼有关，例如，如果一位女子说要让哪个男子走
上圣坛，那么她的意思是要在教堂和他结婚〕- see Feature on
page B28参见B28页文化特写
altar boy /'· / n a boy who helps a Catholic priest during the
church service〔天主教举行宗教仪式时神父或牧师的〕祭坛助手
al-tar.piece /olt pis; 'o:ltepi:s/ n a painting or other work of
art placed above and behind an altar 摆在祭坛后上方的绘画或
其他艺术品
Al.ta.vis.ta /，aelte`viste;,aelte'vi:ste/ trademark a WEB SEARCH
ENGINE for finding information on the INTERNET, owned by
the DIGITAL company【商标】阿尔塔维斯塔〔在互联网上查找信
息用的一种网页搜索引擎，由数字公司拥有〕
al·ter /`olte; 'o:lte/ν1 [I; T] to make or become different, but
without changing into something else(使)改动，更动： This shirt
will have to be altered; it's too large.这衬衫需要改一改
太大了。| The village hasn't really altered much since the
last time I was there.自从我上次来这里以后，这个村子并没有
多大变化。2[T] especially AmE euph for【尤美，婉】=CAS-
TRATE(an animal)阉割〔动物)
al·ter·a·tion /，olte`refen;,o:lte'reifan/n 1 [U (of)] the act of
making or becoming different 改动，更动：My coat needs
alteration.我的外套需要改一下。2[C (to)] a change, especially
a slight one; something changed(轻微的)变化；改变了的事物：
0043
There have been a few alterations to the timetable.时间表上
有一些变动。
al·ter·ca·tion /，olta`kefen;o:lte'keifan/ n [C; U] fml (a) noisy
argument or quarrel【正式】争辩，争吵，吵嘴
al-ter e·go `aelte `igo; aelter 'i:geu/n alter egos Lat【拉丁】1 a
very close and trusted friend 至交，知己，密友 2 a side of one's
character which is different from one's usual character 个性的
另一面
al·ter·nate1 /`olta·nit; o:l't3:nt/ adj1 (of two things) happen.
ing by turns; first one and then the other 轮流的，交替的： a week
of alternate rain and sunshine 晴雨交替的一周 2 one of every
two; every second 间隔的： He works on alternate days. 他隔
天工作。3 [A] especially AmE instead of another; alternative
【尤美】（可）代替的： an alternate plan/suggestion 替代计划[建
议] - ~ly adv: The play is alternately sombre and comical.
这出戏的情节一会儿令人忧伤，一会儿又滑稽可笑
al·ter·nate2 /`olta net; 'o:lteneit/ v [I (with, between); T] to
(cause to) follow by turns （使） 轮流，交替： We alternated peri-
ods of work and sleep. 我们大家轮着班工作和睡觉。| Work
alternated with sleep. 工作与睡眠交替更迭。| His moods al-
ternated between happiness and gloom.他的情绪时而快活，
时而忧郁。| She treated him with alternating affection and
contempt. 她对他一时亲切，一时轻蔑。- -nation /olta`nefen;
,o:lte'neifan/n[C;U]
al-ter-nat·ing cur.rent /···/ n [U] a flow of electricity that
regularly changes direction at a very fast rate 交流电 - com-
pare 比较 DIRECT CURRENT
al·ter·na·tive1 /ol`t3netiv;o:l't3:netiv/ adj [A no comp.无比较
级]1(of two or more things) that may be used, had, done etc.
instead of another; other 〔两种或以上的东西中〕可用来代替另-
个的；另外的；两者择一的： We returned by the alternative road.
我们从另一条路返回。|several alternative possibilities 几种
相互替代的可能性 2 different from what is usual or TRADI
TIONAL 不同一般的，不寻常的；非传统性的； alternative sources
of energy, such as wave power and wind power 如潮汐力和风
力这类他择性能源3(especially of modern young people and
what they do)not based on or not accepting the established
standards of ordinary society 另类的：非正统的； the alterna-
tve press非正统性报业 」 alternative theatre_另类戏剧 -- y
ady: You're welcome to come with us now in our car. Alter-
natively you could go later with Mary.你可以现在搭我们的车
·起走，或者，你也可以等一会儿跟玛丽一起走，
alternative2n [(to)] 1 a chance to choose or decide between
two or more possible things, courses of action etc选择余地，可
供选择的机会： I'm afraid I have no alternative but to report
you to the police.恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我是别无选择余
地了。2 something, especially a course of action, that may be
taken or chosen instead of one or more others 可供选择的事物
[方式等]；取舍；抉择：The only alternative to being taken pris
oner was to die fighting.除了当俘虏之外，惟一的选择就是奋
战至死了。| We had to fight; there was no (other) alternative.
我们必须战斗，此外别无选择。| There are several alternatives
t your plan.除了你的计划,还有另外几种供选择的方案。 3 there
is no alternative a phrase used by Margaret Thatcher to de-
fend her economic policies(POLICY), now often used humor
ously 别无选择〔撒切尔夫人为维护自己的经济政策时所说的话，
现常作为幽默的用法
□USAGE 用法说明 Sentences such as We have severa
alternatives to choose from are very common, but are of
ten thought to be incorrect because there should be only
two alternatives.像 We have several alternatives to
choose from （我们有几种不同的选择） 一类句子十分常用，但
经常被认为是不正确的，因为只应有两种 alternatives,即应
是二中择一
alternative com·e·dy/·· '·/n [U] a funny play, film, or
other work which is different and modern in its attitudes, sub-
ject matter etc, especially by being non-RACIST, non-SEXIST
etc非传统喜剧，另类喜剧〔指观点、主题等比较现代，不同于以往
的喜剧，尤其不含有种族歧视和性别歧视成分〕
alternative medi.cine /·.·/ n [U] any method of prevent-
ing or treating illness other than that usually used in Western
countries. Alternative medicine includes ACUPUNCTURE
CHINESE MEDICINE, HERBAL MEDICINE, HOMEOPATHY, and os-
teopathy (OSTEOPATH). In Britain and the US these are not usu-
ally covered by the NHS or health INSURANCE, so people who
want to use them usually have to pay for them,非传统医学〔不
同于西方国家通常所采用的预防和治疗疾病的方法。非传统医学
包括针灸、中药、草药、顺势疗法以及正骨疗法。在英美国家国民
保健制度和医疗保险一般都不包括这些内容，所以人们若想接受这
些治疗，费用必须自行负担)- see also 另见COMPLEMENTARY
MEDICINE
al-ter.na.tor /olta neta; 'o:lteneite/ n an electric GENERATOR
for producing ALTERNATING CURRENT 交流发电机
*al-though /ol`0o; 5：1'oeu/ conj 1 in spite of the fact that: THOUGH
尽管，虽然： They are generous although they are poor. 他们
尽管穷，却十分慷慨。| Although my car is very old, it still
runs very well. 我的汽车虽然很旧，但仍然跑得很好。2 but:
HOWEVER 但是，然而： The price increase will obviously be
unpopular, although it's unlikely to reduce demand,提价显
然是不得人心的，但这也未必能收到减少需求的效果
al·ti·me·ter /ael`timete; 'aelti,mi:te/n an instrument used, es
pecially in an aircraft, for recording height〔尤指飞机的〕高度
计[表]
al·ti·tude /`elte tjud;'aelttju:d/n 1 [usually sing.一般用单数]
the height of an object or place above sea level 高度；海拔： The
plane flew at an altitude of 30,000 feet. 这架飞机在三万英尺
的高空飞行。| What is the altitude of the top of the mountain?
这座山的顶峰海拔是多少？-compare 比较ELEVATION(2)
2 also 又作 altitudes pl. - a high area 高处，高地： At high
altitudes it is difficult to breathe,在海拔很高的地方呼吸会感
到困难。
Alt·man /`oltmen; 'o:ltmen/, Robert /`rabat; 'robet/ (1925-)
a US DIRECTOR known for making films in an original and
interesting style, including M.A.S.H (1970)， The Plaver (1992)
and Short Cuts(1993)阿特曼〔(1925-)，美国导演。他的影片
以新颖独特的风格见长，包括《陆军流动外科医院》(1970)、《幕后
玩家》(1992)和《人生交叉点》(1993)〕
al to /`aelto; 'aelteu/ n -tos 1 also 又作 countertenor - (a man
with) a very high male singing voice, higher than TENOR 男声
最高音（歌手）2 also 又作 contralto -(a woman with) a low
female singing voice, lower than SOPRANO女声最低音（歌手）
3 a musical instrument with the same range of notes as these
中音乐器 - alto adj, adv: an alto saxophonelto sing alto 中
音萨克斯管；唱男高音[女低音]
*al·to.geth.er1/,olte`go;o:lte'geoe/adv 1 completely; thor
oughly 完全，全然： That's an altogether different matter/That' s
a different matter altogether. 那完全是两码事。| We weren't
altogether surprised when he arrived late. 他来晚了，我们一
点儿不感到惊讶。2 considering all things; on the whole 总而言
之，总之： It rained a lot, but altogether it was a good trip.天
老是下雨，但总的说来，这次旅行十分愉快。- see 参见 ABSO
LUTELY(USAGE)
al.to.geth.er2 /，olte`go;o:lte'geoe/nin the altogether hu-
mor without clothes; NUDE【幽】赤身露体
Al.ton Tow.ers /，oltn `tau-z;o:ltan 'tauez/ trademark a large
AMUSEMENT PARK in Staffordshire, central England which has
RIDES(=large machines that people ride on to be frightened
for pleasure), games, gardens etc, and is a popular place for
families to visit【商标】奥尔顿塔乐园〔位于英格兰中部地区斯塔
福德郡的一个大型游乐园。那儿有机动车、游戏、花园等，是家庭
出游的热门场所
al.tru.is.m /`aeltru,izem; 'aeltruizam/n [U] consideration of the
happiness and good of others before one's own; unselfishness
利他（主义），不自私 - compare 比较 EGOISM
al.tru.ist aeltruist; 'aeltrust/n a person who is habitually kind
and helpful to others 利他主义者 - ~ic /aeltru`istik;aeltru.
'istik/ adj -- ~ically /-kli; -kli/ ady
al·u·min·i·um /，aelje`miniem;,elju'miniem/ BrE【英】‖
a·lu·mi·num/eluminem;e'lu:mnem/AmE【美】-n[U]a
silver-white metal that is a simple substance (ELEMENT) light
in weight, and easily shaped 铝： aluminium saucepans 铝锅|
aluminium foil 锡箔，锡纸
aluminum foil /·· '·/ n [U] AmE for【美】= TINFOIL
a.lum·nus/e`lvmnes;e'lvmnes/ a·lum·na /-ne;-ne/ fem.【阴
性】 - n -ni /-nai; -nai/, -nae /-ni; -ni:/ fem.【阴性】-- especially
AmE a former student of a school, college, or university【尤
美】校友
al.ve.o.lar /ael`viele; 'aelviele/ n, adj tech (a consonant sound
such as /t/ or /d/) made by putting the end of the tongue on the
hard bony area at the top of the mouth just behind the upper
front teeth【术语】齿龈音（的）<如/t/./d/等辅音)
*always /`olwez; 'o:lwz/ adv 1 at al times; at each time 总是：
The sun always rises in the east. 太阳总是从东方升起。I We've
always lived here. 我们一直都住在这里。| I'm always pleased
to see her. 我每次见到她都很高兴。| They always go to Italy
for their holidays. 他们度假总是去意大利。| The job is
interestins, but not always easy.这工作挺有意思,但并不总是
很轻松的。2 for ever 永远： I will love you always. 我会永远爱
0044
你。3 (used with the progressive form of a verb 和动词进行式
连用) all the time and often in an annoving way; repeatedly老
是，反来复去地： He's always asking silly questions. 他老是问
-些傻里傻气的问题。4(used especially with 尤与 can or 或
could 连用) as a possible course of action 作为一种可能的办
法；无论如何： If you can't start the car you can always go by
bus instead.如果你的车子发动不起来，你总是可以改坐公共汽车
去的。- compare 比较 FOREVER (2)； see 参见 NEVER (USAGE)
Al.ways /`olwez; 'o:lweiz/ [U] trademark a type of SANITARY
TOWEL known for having 'wings'(=pieces of tape on the sides
of the towel for sticking to a woman's pants)【商标】“永恒”卫
生巾〔因其有护翼而出名〕
Alz.heim·er's dis.ease /`altshaime·z di,ziz;'eltshaimez di,zi:z/
Alzheimer's n [U] an illness that attacks and gradually de-
stroys parts of the brain, especially in older people, so that
they forget things and lose their ability to take care of them-
selves 阿尔茨海默氏病；早老性痴呆病〔此疾病会侵袭并逐渐破坏
人的大脑，尤其是老年人的大脑，最终导致他们失去记忆及自理能
力〕
am /em; m; strong 强读 aem; aem/ v Ist person sing. present
tense of BE 动词 BE的第一人称单数现在式： I am (living) here
now. 我现在 （住） 在这儿。| Here I am. 我来了。| Am I the
only person who's going? 就我一个人去吗？ - see 参见 AREN'T
(USAGE)
AM /，e`sm;,ei 'em/abbrev. for 缩写=amplitude modulation
system for broadcasting radio programmes. The quality of
the sound on AM radio is not usually as clear and strong as on
FM radio.〔广播系统的〕调幅〔调幅收音机的音质不及调频收音机
的清晰，信号也不及调频的强
am, AM/`e`am;,ei 'em/ abbrev. for 缩写= ante meridiem(Lat)
= before midday (used after numbers expressing time)【拉丁】
午前，上午〔用在数字后表时间)：the 8 am (train) from London
上午8点从伦敦开出的火车 - see also 另见 PM
A.M.A., the /，e am `e;,er em 'ei/ the AMA abbrev. for 缩写=
the American Medical Association; an organization in the US
for doctors and people who do medical RESEARCH. There is a
similar organization in the UK called the BMA.美国医学会
〔美国医生及医学研究人员的一个组织。在英国也有一个相同的组
织叫作英国医学会〕
a.mal.gam /e`maelgem; e'maelgem/ n 1 [C (of)] fml a mixture
or combination of different things【正式】混合物：Her work is
a strange amalgam of musical style.她的作品是各种音乐风格
的奇特混合。2 [C: U] tech a mixture of metals, one of which is
MERCURY, often used for filling holes in teeth【术语】〔补牙用
的〕汞合金；汞齐
a.mal.gam.ate /e`maelge,met; e'maelgemeit/ v [I; T(with)](of
businesses, societies, groups etc) to join so as to form some-
thing larger; unite; combine〔尤指商店、社团、团体等〕联合，合
并--ation /e,maelge`mefen;e,maelge'meifan/ n [C;U(with)]
The new company was formed by the amalgamation of three
smaller businesses,这家新公司是由三个较小的企业合并而成
的。
a·man·u·en·sis /e,maenju`nsis;e,maenju'enss/n -ses /-siz; -si:z
pomp a person employed to write down what someone else is
saying or to copy what someone else has written【夸张】记录
员，抄写员，笔录者，文书
a.mass /e`maes; e'maes/ v [T] to collect (money, goods, power
etc)in great amounts, usually over a long period; ACCUMU
LATE 积聚，积累，收集〔钱财、货物、权力等)：She amassed a
fortune by speculating on the stock exchange.她通过做股票
投机生意积下了一笔钱财。| to amass evidencelinformation 收
集证据[情报] - see 参见 GATHER(USAGE)
am·a·teur /aeme,tfur;'aemeter/ adj,n 1 [no comp.无比较级]
(of, by, or being)a person who paints pictures, performs plays.
takes part in sports etc, for enjoyment and without being paid
for it〔绘画、演戏、运动等方面的〕业余爱好者；业余（爱好）的，非
职业的： Only amateurs can compete in the Olympic Games.
只有非职业性运动员才能参加奥林匹克运动会。」 an amateur
photographer/detectivelactor 业余摄影师[侦探；演员]」ama·
teur football/psychology 业余足球运动；业余进行的心理学研究
- compare 比较 DILETTANTE, PROFESSIONAL'; see also 另见
PRO-AM 2 derog (typical of) a person without experience or
skill in a particular art, sport etc 【贬】外行 （的），生手（的） ： W
made a rather amateur job of painting the house. 我们把房子
油漆了一遍，漆得很不在行。
amateur dra·mat.ics /·.'·/n [U] the performing of plays
by people who are not paid for this and do it just for enjoyment.
In Britain, most towns have an amateur dramatics group, and
because the standard is not always very high it is sometimes
connected with bad, over-emotional acting and so often con-
sidered humorous,业余戏剧演出，业余演剧〔业余戏剧爱好者只
是为了消遣的一种无报酬演出。在英国，多数城镇都有业余剧团。
因为演出水准一般不是很高，所以有时人们就把这种演出和那些低
劣的、感情夸张的表演联系在一起，而常被认为很滑稽)：When
they screamed at each other angrily and he walked out of the
meeting, it was like amateur dramatics.他们彼此冲着对方愤
怒叫嚣，随后他退出了会场，这场面简直就像一场业余演出
am·a·teur.ish /，eme`t3if; 'aemeterif/ adj derog lacking skill;
typical of an AMATEUR(2)【贬】外行的，不熟练的 - ~ly adv
- ~ness n [U]
am·a·to.ry /eme,tori; 'aemeteri/ adj lit or poet concerning or
expressing sexual love【文或诗】（关于）爱情的；色情的： ama-
tory verses(色)情诗
a.maze /e`mez; e'meiz/ v [T] to fil with a feeling of great sur-
prise or disbelief; cause wonder in; ASTONISH 使大为吃惊，使
惊奇[惊愕]：Your knowledge amazes me.你丰富的知识令我吃
惊。| It amazed us to hear that you were leaving.听到你要
走，我们都大为吃惊。- ~ment n [U]: To my amazement I came
first. 令我吃惊的是，我居然得了第一名。| We watched in
amazement as she tore up the contract and threw it in the
bin.我们惊讶地看着她把合同撕碎扔进了垃圾箱，
a·mazed /e`mezd; e'meizd/ adj [(at, by)] filled with great sur-
prise or wonder 吃惊的，惊异的： I was amazed at/by his
calmness. 我对他的镇定感到吃惊。| We were amazed to hear
the news/amazed (that) he could do it. 我们听到这个消息[他
能做这件事]，都大为吃惊。| You would be amazed how diffi-
cult it was.你要是知道这是多么困难,会大为诧异的。」an
amazed expression on her face 她脸上吃惊的表情
a.maz.ing /e`mezin; e'meizin/ adj usually apprec causing great
surprise or wonder, especially because of quantity or quality;
EXTRAORDINARY【一般褒】〔质量或数量等〕惊人的；了不起的：
The new car goes at an amazing speed.这辆新车开起来速度
惊人。| What an amazing film! 多么了不起的一部影片啊！|
It's quite amazing that he should be so unaware of what's
going on!他对正在发生的事居然毫不知情，这实在叫人感到诧
异。-- ~ly adv: an amazingly hot day酷热的一天 | amaz-
ingly good/bad好[坏]极了
Amazing Grace // a HYMN (=a song of praise to God) that
is popular in the US and in the UK《奇妙的恩典》〔一首流行于
英美的赞美诗)：
Amazing grace!
奇妙的恩典！
How sweet the sound,
佳音甜悦耳，
That saved a wretch like me!
救吾脱苦愁。
I once was lost,
曾为迷途羔
But now am found,
今天归正道，
Was blind but now I see
雾尽天光好。
am·a·zon /aemezn;'aemezan/ n(often cap.常用大写)a tall
strong woman, especially one who likes sports. In CLASSICAL
MYTHOLOGY, the Amazons were a nation of fierce fighting
women.〔尤指爱好运动的〕高大强壮的女人〔在古典神话中亚马孙
是一个强悍、好战的女族〕-~ian/,aeme`zonien;aeme'zenien/
adi
Amazon a river in South America, which goes through Peru
and Brazil and is the second longest river in the world 亚马孙
河〔位于南美洲，流经秘鲁和巴西，是世界第二大河流〕
Amazon.com/aemezn datkam;'aemezan dot kom/ a US book
store that does not have a shop that customers can go into, but
that sells books on the INTERNET often at cheaper prices than
other book stores. It describes itself as 'Earth's biggest
bookstore'.亚马孙网上书店〔美国一家互联网上的书店，那里的
书价比其他书店便宜。它自称是“世界上最大的书店”
am·bas.sa.dor /aem`baesede; aem'baesede/n a DIPLOMAT of
the highest rank who is the official representative of his/her
country in another country 大使： Britain's ambassador to the
Soviet Union 英国驻苏联大使 | (fig.喻) Sportsmen who play
abroad should remember that they are ambassadors of their
country.到国外参赛的运动员应当记住，他们是自己国家的代表。
- compare 比较 CONSUL (1)， HIGH COMMISSIONER - ~ship n
[C;U]-~ial /aem,baese`doriel; aem,baese'do:riel/ adj
am·bas·sa.dress/aem`baesedris; aem'baesedrs/n1 the wife of
an ambassador 大使夫人 2 pomp a female representative or
official messenger【夸张】女大使
am.ber /aembe;aembe/ n [U] (the colour of) a yellowish brown
hard clear substance used for jewels,decorative objects etc琥
珀（色） ： an amber necklace 琥珀项链 」 The traffic lights
changed from green to amber to red. 交通灯由绿色变成琥珀
黄色，再变成红色。- amber adj
am·bi.dex.trous /，aembe`dkstres;,aembi'dekstresadjable
to use either hand with equal skill 左右手都能灵巧运用的 -
~ly adv
0045
am·bi·ence, ambiance /aembiens; 'aembiens/ n the character
quality, feeling etc, of a place; ATMOSPHERE〔一个地方的〕气
氛，情调，环境：This little restaurant has a pleasant ambience.
这家小饭店的环境幽雅宜人
am·bi.ent /aembient; 'aembient/ adj [A] often tech on al sides:
completely surrounding【常术语】周围的，四周的：The equip.
ment will function in ambient temperatures of up to 40C.这
种设备要在周围温度达到摄氏40度时才发挥作用。
am.big.u.ous /aem`bigjues; aem'bigjues/ adj having more than
one possible meaning or INTERPRETATION; unclear 多义的；含
糊的，不明确的：an ambiguous reply/attitude 模棱两可的回答
[态度] - opposite 反义词 unambiguous; compare 比较 AM
BIVALENT -~ly adv - -guity /aembi`gjueti;aemb'gju:ti/ n
IC; Ul: You should avoid ambiguity in your writing,你在写作
时要注意避免意义含糊不清。| His reply was full of ambiguities.
他的答复太含糊其词了。
am·bit /`aembit; 'embt/ n [usually sing.一般用单数] fml range
or limit of power or influence【正式】〔权力或势力的〕界限，范围
am.bi.tion /aem`bifen; aem'bifan/ n 1 [U] strong desire, espe.
cially over a long period, for success, power, wealth etc抱负
雄心；野心：She's clever but she lacks ambition.她人很聪明，
但是胸无大志。| political ambition 政治野心[抱负]」 his single-
mindec ambition.他那锲而不舍的追求 2 [C] somethi that is
desired in this way 志向，企望得到的东西： A big house in the
country is my ambition.在乡间有一所大房子就是我一心想得
到的东西。| One of her ambitions is to become a doctor, 她的
愿望之一是当医生。| He has at last achieved his lifetime am-
bition of launching a newspaper.他终于实现了他一生追求的
目标—创办一份报纸
am.bi.tious /aem`bifes; aem'bifes/ adj 1 having a strong desire
for success, power, wealth etc 有抱负的，有雄心[志气]的：野心
勃勃的：an ambitious woman/politician 一个有野心的女人[政
客]2 showing or resulting from a desire to do something diffi-
cult or something that demands great effort, great skill etc显
示雄心的，心怀奢望的：需要极大努力或才干才能完成的：His next
production was a very ambitious musical. 他推出的下一个作
品是一部难度很大的音乐喜剧。| We cooked nothing more
ambitious than boiled eggs.除了煮鸡蛋外，我们没有做什么更
复杂的菜。- ~ly adv - ~ness n[U]
am·biv·a·lent /em`bivelent; em'bivelent/ adj [(towards.
about)] having opposing feelings towards, or opinions about
a Derson or thing(对同一人或事)怀有矛盾心情[看法]的; an am
bivalent attitude towards private enterprise 对私人企业所持
的矛盾态度 - compare 比较 AMBIGUOUS -~ly adv --lence n
[U]
am.ble /`aembl; 'aembal/v [I (about, around)] 1 to walk at an
easy unhurried rate 漫步 2 (of a horse) to move at an easy
unhurried rate by lifting the two legs on one side and then the
two on the other〔马〕溜蹄，慢走〔特点是马先举一侧之双蹄然后
举另一侧之双蹄) - compare 比较 CANTER,GALLOP,TROT -
amble n [S]
Am·bridge /aembrid3; 'aembrid3/ an imaginary village in the
English countryside where the characters of The ARCHERS, a
British radio programme, live and work.安布里奇〔虚构的一个
英国乡村。英国广播节目《阿切尔斯一家》中的人物生活、工作的
地方〕
am.bro.si.a /aem`bro3e; aem'breuzie/ n [U] lit something with
a delightful taste or smell (from CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY, where
ambrosia was the food of the gods)【文】味美的食品；芳香的东
西〔在古典神话中，ambrosia为神之食物
am.bu.lance /`aembjelens; 'embjlens/ n a motor vehicle for
carrying sick or wounded people, especially to a hospital 救护
车： They were taken by ambulance to the nearest hospital
他们被救护车送到最近的一家医院。
ambulance chas.er /'·.·/ n AmE infml a lawyer who tells
people who have been in accidents that he or she will repre.
sent them if they want to SUE (=try to obtain money in court)
the person who caused the accident【美，非正式】怂恿事故受害
者起诉的律师
am·bu.lance.man /aembjelensmaen;'aembjlensmaen/n-men
/-men; -men/ BrE a man whose job is to drive an ambulance or
to look after sick or wounded people during their journey to hos-
pital in an ambulance【英】救护车男司机；[救护车上的〕男救护员
am·bu.lance.wom.an /aembjelens,wumen;'aembjlens.
women/n -women /- wimin; -wimin/ BrE a woman whose
job is to drive an ambulance or to look after sick or wounded
people during their journey to hospital in an ambulance 【英】救
护车女司机；〔救护车上的〕女救护员
am.bush1/aembuf; 'aembuf/ v [T] to attack from a place where
one has hidden and waited 伏击，埋伏突袭
ambush2n 1 [C] a surprise attack from a place of hiding 伏击，
埋伏 2 [C; U] the place where the attackers hide 埋伏地点：
waiting in ambush 埋伏着等候
a.me.ba /e`mibe;e'mi:be/ n AmE for【美】=AMOEBA --bic adj
a.me.li.o.rate /e`milje ret; e'mi:liereit/ v [I; T] fml or pomp to
make or become better or less bad; improve【正式或夸张】（使）
改善，改进： Hiring an extra teacher will ameliorate the situation,
but we still need more books and desks.多请一名教员会改善
目前的状况，但是我们仍然需要更多的书本和书桌。--ration
/e,milie`refen;e.mi:lie'reifan/n[U]
a.men /e`men; a:'men/ interj (used at the end of a prayer or
HYMN)may this be true 阿门〔用于祈祷或赞美诗结束时，意为
“但愿如此”〕
a.me·na.ble /e`minebl; e'mi:nebal/ adj1 [(to)] ready to be
guided or influenced (by)易接受指导[影响]的，顺从的： I'm sure
she'll be amenable to any sensible suggestions.我相信任何
合情合理的建议她都会接受的。| He's very amenable. 他非常
听话。2 [F+to] fml able to be tested by【正式】可以[经得起]检
验的： My scientific discoveries are amenable to the usual tests.
我的科学发现可用一般的试验方法进行检验
a.mend /e`mand; e'mend/ v1 [T] to make changes in the words
of (a rule or law)修改〔规则、法律的〕用词，修正： to amend the
constitution 修改宪法 - compare 比较 EMEND 2 [I; T] fml to
make or become better by getting rid of faults; improve;
RECTIFY【正式】（使）改正，改善
a.mend·ment /e`mandment; e'mendment/ n 1 [C (to); U](the
act of making) a change to improve a rule, law, statement etc
〔对规则、法律、声明等所作的)修正：Your plan needs some
amendment.你的计划需要作若干修正。| So many amendments
were made to the law that its original meaning was com-
pletely changed. 这条法令经多次修正，以致原意已丧失殆尽。
The opposition parties moved (=suggested) an amendment
to the bill.反对党提出了修改议案的动议。| to deb
atelpass ar
amendment 辩论[通过]修正案 2 (often cap.常用大写) one of
the list of rights included in the US Constitution〔美国宪法中
的)修正案 - see also 另见 FIRST AMENDMENT
a·mends /e`mendz; e'mendz/ n make amends (for) to pay for
or show one is sorry for some harm, unkindness, damage etc;
make REPARATION 赔偿，补偿；赔不是，道歉： I'm sorry I for-
got about your birthday. How can I make amends?真对不
起，我忘了你的生日了。我怎样来弥补这个过失呢？
a·me·ni.ty /e`maneti; e'mi:nti/ n [often pl. 常用复数] some-
thing in a town, hotel, or other place, that helps to make life
pleasant and provide enjoyment 〔城市、酒店等的〕娱乐[消遣]设
施： Parks and swimming pools are just some of the town's
local amenities.公园和游泳池只是市镇消闲设施的一部分
Am·er·a·sian/aeme`re3en;aeme'rei3an/n a person who has
one American parent and one Asian parent. Many Amerasians
were born in Vietnam and Korea when Americans were fight-
ing in wars there.〔父母一方为美国人，另一方为亚洲人的〕美亚
混血儿〔越战和朝鲜战争中，许多美亚混血儿在越南和朝鲜出生〕
A.mer.i.ca /e`marike; e'merke/ a name commonly used for the
US美国
□USAGE 用法说明 Although most English speakers un-
derstand that the US is often called America, many people
from other countries in North and South America think it
is unfair and wrong to use this word to mean only the US
尽管大多数说英语的人都懂得美国一般称为 America,但北
美和南美其他国家的人认为这种叫法不公平，甚至错误。
A.mer.i.can /e`meriken; e'merken/ adj1 coming from or con
nected with the US 美国的； the American writer William
Burroughs 美国作家威廉·巴勒斯 - see 参见 AMERICA
(USAGE)2 coming from or connected with the AMERICAS美
洲的： a type of fish that is only found in American rivers 只有
美洲大陆河流中才有的一种鱼
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 People from the US are
often called Americans, but people from the other coun-
tries in North and South America dislike this, because
the US is only a part of the North American CONTINENT,
and there are many other American countries. The popu-
ation of the US is made up of people of many differen
races, whose families were originally from many dif-
ferent parts of the world. Many Americans say that they
are Irish or Chinese, for example, if their parents or
grandparents come from Ireland or China, even if they have
never visited that country and cannot speak its language.
0046
The people who lived in America before Europeans ar.
rived there are called 'Native Americans'.美国人常被称做
Americans,但是北美和南美其他国家的人却不喜欢这种称
呼，因为美国只是北美大陆的一部分，除美国之外还有许多其
他的美洲国家。美国是个多民族国家，他们的祖辈来自世界各
地。许多美国人比方说父母或祖父母来自爱尔兰或中国，就会
说自己是爱尔兰人或中国人，即使他们从来没有去过那里，也
不会说那里的语言。在欧洲人到达美洲之前就居住在美洲的
人被称为“美洲土著居民”。
A.mer.i.ca.na /e meri`kane; e,mer'ka:ne/ n [U] objects, styles.
stories etc that are considered to be typical of the US and of its
history or CULTURE 美国及其历史、文化中特有的东西〔物品、风
格、故事等)；美国文献；美国志： The movie is a slice of Ameri-
cana, with its scenes of motels, gas stations, waffle houses,
and old Ford pick-ups.这是一部地道的美国电影:有汽车旅馆,
有加油站，有格子房屋，还有旧的福特小卡车。
American A.cad·e.my of Dra.mat.ic Arts /........./ a
school in New York City for training actors, where many fa-
mous actors have studied 美国戏剧艺术学院〔位于纽约市，许多
著名演员曾在此就读
American As.so.ci.a.tion of Re.tired Per.sons/......
·· '·/ abbrev. 缩写为 AARP an organization in the US for
people who are 50 or older, especially people who have stopped
working. It has an important influence on the US governmen
when laws are being made that affect older people, and it also
gives information and help to its members. 美国退休人士协会
〔美国50或50岁以上人士，尤其是退休人士的一个组织。在政府
制定与老年人有关的法律时，它有很大的影响力，同时它也为其成
员提供信息和帮助〕
American Band.stand /..../ a television programme in the
US that was especially popular in the 1950s and 1960s, which
showed popular music bands and singers perform while people
danced to the music. Dick CLARK introduced the bands and
singers.《美国乐坛》〔美国电视节目。在20世纪50、60年代尤其
流行。播出流行乐队和流行歌手的表演时有伴舞。主持人迪克·克
拉克〕
American Bar As.so.ci·a.tion /...../ a large national
organization for lawyers in the US 美国律师协会〔美国全国性
的大型律师组织〕
American Can.cer So.ci·e·ty /....../ abbrey,缩写为 ACS
an organization in the US that provides money for scientists
who are studying the causes of cancer and trying to find cures
for it. It also gives information to help prevent people getting
cancer.美国癌症协会〔美国的一个组织，为研究癌症病因及其疗
法的科学家提供资金，同时提供信息帮助人们预防癌症〕
American cheese /../ n [U] AmE a yellowish-orange, mild
PROCESSED cheese, not strong in taste, often bought in thin
pieces wrapped in plastic【美】美国黄干酪〔一种加工好的橘黄色
淡味奶酪，常切成薄片以塑料纸包裹〕
American Civ·il Lib.er·ties U·nion /....../ - see 参见
ACLU
American Civ·il War, the /..··/ - see 参见 CIVIL WAR
American Con-fe-rence, the /.../ a group of football
teams in the US that play against one another. There is an-
other group of teams called the NATIONAL CONFERENCE, and
the best team from that group plays the best team from the
American Conference in the SUPER BOWL, which is the most
important game of the year.美国足球联盟〔美国一足球队团体。
另一个足球队团体叫做国家足球联盟。两个团体中的最佳球队可
角逐一年中最重要的赛事
BALL
American Con.ser.va.to.ry Thea.tre /....../ the full
name of ACT 美国演艺学院剧场〔ACT的全称
American Dream, the /，../ the idea that the US is a place
where everyone has the chance of becoming rich and successful
Many IMMIGRANTs to the US in the early 20th century believed
in the American Dream.美国梦〔即认为在美国人人都有致富成
功的机会。20世纪初，许多人抱着这个理想移民美国
American Ex.press /....'/ Amex trademark a US company
that has a CREDIT CARD service, exchanges foreign money, and
sells TRAVELLERS CHEQUES. It has offices all over the world
and advertisements for the American Express Card use the phrase
Don't leave home without it'.【商标】美国运通公司〔美国一家提
供信用卡服务，兑换外币及发行旅行支票的公司。世界各地都有它
的办事处。美国运通信用卡广告语是：“出门的时候别忘了带”〕
American foot·ball /..'·/ n [U] BrE for【英】= FOOTBALL
(2)
American Goth.ic /...'./ a painting by the US artist Grant
WOOD, which shows a very serious-looking farmer holding a
PITCHFORK, with his wife standing beside him. It is often cop-
ied in a humorous way in advertisements.《美国哥特人》〔美国
艺术家格兰特·伍德所画的一幅作品，画上的一位农夫手持干草叉
神情严肃，旁边站着他的妻子。这幅画常被人以一种幽默的方式复
制，用于广告中〕
American Graf·fi·ti /..'./ (1973) a US film made by George
LUCAS about a group of young men in California in the 1960s,
who go out at night, drive around in big cars, and try to attract
girls《美国风情画》〔(1973)，美国影片，由乔治·卢卡斯导演。片
中描述了20世纪60年代加州的一群年轻人，他们夜里开着宽敞
的车出去兜风，试图吸引女孩子〕
American In.di·an /...'./ n a NATIVE AMERICAN. The word
American Indian is now used mostly to talk about the native
peoples of Central and South America. In the US, the word
Native American is preferred.美洲印第安人〔现主要指中美洲
和南美洲的土著居民。在美国，人们更喜欢用 Native American
指称他们〕
A.mer·i.can.is.m /e`mereken izem: e'merkenizam/ n a word.
phrase, speech sound etc, of English as spoken in America,
especially in the US 美洲英语，〔尤指〕美国英语；美国特有的用
语[发音]
a·mer·i·can·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/e`mareken aiz;e'mer-
kenaiz/ ν [T] to make something, such as a spelling, a place, a
way of working etc, American in character 使美国化 ，-- -ization
e,mrikeni`zefen;e,merkenai'zeifan/n [U]
American League, the /.，.. '/ a group of professional BASE
BALL teams in the US which play against each other. Every
year, the team that wins in this LEAGUE plays against the win-
ning team of the NATIONAL LEAGUE in the WORLD SERIES.美
国棒球联盟〔美国职业棒球团体。每年，该联盟的冠军球队与全国
棒球联盟的冠军球队参加世界职业棒球锦标赛的角逐〕— see
Cultural Note at 参见 BASEBALL 文化注释
American Le.gion, the /，.../ a national organization for
former members of the US armed forces 美国退伍军人协会〔美
国全国性的退伍军人组织〕
American Re·vo·lu·tion·a·ry War, the /...，../ also又
作 the American Revolution, the American War of Inde-
pendence especially BrE【尤英】(1775-1783) the war in which
people in Britain's colonies (COLONY) in North America be-
came independent and established the United States of America.
The Americans thought they were being treated unfairly, be
cause they had to pay taxes to Britain, but they were not repre-
sented in the British parliament, so they demanded 'No taxa-
tion without representation'. They were also angry because they
had to pay the cost of keeping the British army in their country.
and because Britain would not allow them to develop the area
west of the APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS. Angry feelings on both
sides led to the BOSTON MASSACRE and the BOSTON TEA PARTY
and the war itself began in 1775. General George Washington
led the American soldiers and was later helped by the French
In 1776 the CONTINENTAL CONGRESS rang the LIBERTY BELL
in Philadelphia to tell the people about the DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE. The war ended in 1781 when the British sur-
rendered (SURRENDER), and a peace agreement was signed in
1783.美国革命[独立]战争〔(1775-1783)，北美人民摆脱英国殖
民统治、争取独立并建立了美利坚合众国的一场战争。在此以前，
美国人民必须向英国纳税，但在英国议会中却没有席位，他们因而
觉得很不公平，提出了“无代表者不纳税”的要求。他们对英国不
满，还因为英军在殖民地的军费开支必须由他们来承担，而且英国
禁止他们向阿巴拉契亚山脉以西地区拓荒。双方积怨引发了“波士
顿惨案”和“波士顿倾茶事件”。独立战争于1775年爆发。乔治
华盛顿率领美军，稍后更得到法国的援助。1776年大陆会议敲响
了费城的自由钟并向人民宣布了《独立宣言》。1781年，英军投降，
战争就此结束，1783年签署和平协议〕-- see also 另见 VALLEY
FORGE, BUNKER HILL, Paul REVERE
American Way, the /../ a set of beliefs or values that many
Americans hold but which are not laws or written down in any
form. Examples of types of beliefs which would be considered
part of the American Way are: working hard, believing in your-
self and your ability to change your situation for the better
and treating people fairly. Sometimes people use the phrase
'the American Way'in a negative way to mean that they think
Americans believe that they deserve to have material wealth
such as bigger cars and houses and expensive things.美国人的
方式〔指许多美国人所持的一套不成文的信念或价值观。被认为属
于美式作风的信念包括：工作勤奋、自信及自信有能力改善境况、
待人公正。有时人们把这个表达方式用作贬义，认为美国人相信自
己应该得到物质财富，如大汽车、大房子以及其他奢侈品)：It isn't
part of the American Way to refuse to give tips. 拒付小费可不
0047
是美国人的做法。| It's the American Way — better things
and more of them. 这是美国人的作风 ——东西要好而且多多益
善。
A.mer.i.cas, the /e`marikez; e'merkez/ North America, Cen-
tral America, and South America considered together as a group
美洲〔包括北美洲、中美洲和南美洲在内〕
America's Cup, the /..'/ a sailing competition in which
teams from the US, Australia, and other nations compete 美洲
杯帆船赛〔由美、澳等国的参赛队参加〕
America the Beau.ti-ful /.... a PATRIOTIC song which
most people in the US learn when they are children《美丽的亚
美利加》〔大多数美国人在孩提时代就学唱的一首爱国歌曲〕：
O Beautiful for spacious skies
for amber waves of grain;
for purple mountain majesties
above the fruited plain..
美丽的亚美利加呀，
美在那辽阔的苍穹和金色的麦浪：
美在那硕果累累的平原呀
和拔地而起巍峨的高岗··
Am.er·in.di.an/aeme`rindien; aeme'rindien/ n tech another
word, used especially in works on ANTHROPOLOGY and AR-
CHAEOLOGY, for NATIVE AMERICAN【术语】美洲印第安人
(Native American 的另一种说法，尤用于人类学和考古学著作
中)
am·e·thyst/aeme0ist; 'aem03st/n [C; U] (the colour of) a purple
stone, used in jewellery 紫水晶（色），紫石英（色） -- amethyst
adj
Am.ex aemaks;'aemeks/ trademark【商标】abbrev.for 缩写=
AMERICAN EXPRESS
a.mi·a.ble /`emiebl; 'eimiebel/ adj pleasant and well-
intentioned; likable; friendly 和蔼可亲的，友好的，亲切的：an
amiable young man一个待人亲切的年轻人 -—-bly adv --bility
/,emie`bileti;eimie'bilti/n[U]
am·i·ca·ble /aemikebl; 'aemkebal/ adjtypical of friends; made
or done in a friendly way 友好的，和睦的： We reached an ami-
cable agreement.我们达成了一项友好协议。--bly adv--bility
/aemike`bileti;aemke'bilti/n[U]
a.mi.cus cu.ri·ae /e`maikes `kjuri-i; e'maikes 'kjueri-i:/n Lat
FRIEND OF THE COURT【拉丁】法庭之友；法庭临时法律顾问
a·mid /e`mid; e'mid/ also 又作 a·midst /e`midst; e'midst/ - prep
fml or lit in the middle of; among 【正式或文】在·当中，在·中
间： He felt strange amid so many people. 和这么多人在一起，
他觉得很不自在。| Two shots were fired, and amid the confu
sion the killers got away. 响了两枪，随后那几个凶手趁着混乱
跑掉了。| The dollar fell in value today, amid rumours of
weakness in the US economy.在人们纷纷传说美国经济不景气
的舆论声中，美元币值今天下跌了。
a.mid.ships /e`mid fips; e'mid, fips/ adv tech in the middle part
of the ship【术语】在船中部
a·mi·go /5`migo;e'mi:geu/ amiga /-ge; -ge/ fem.【阴性】--
Sp a friend【西】朋友
A.min Da.da /a min `dada; a: mi:n 'da: da:/, ldi /idi; 'idi/
(1925-)the President of Uganda from 1971 until he was forced
to leave the country in 1979. In 1972 he forced 80,000 people
of Indian origin to leave Uganda, and many of them came to
live in the UK. He was known especially for cruel and violent
reatment of anyone who opposed him.阿明·达达〔(1925-)，
1971年起任乌干达总统直至1979年被迫流亡。1972年，他把
80.000个印度人后裔赶出乌干达，其中许多人移居英国。他尤以
残暴对待他的反对者而出名
a.mi·no ac.id /e,mino`aesid; e,mi:neu 'aesd/ n any of several
substances coming from and necessary to living matter. PRO-
TEINS are chiefly built up from these substances.氨基酸
a·mir /e`mir; e'mie/ n an EMIR 埃米尔，穆斯林统治者
A.mis /`emis; 'eimis/, Kingsley (1922-1995) a British writer
known for his humorous novels, such as LUCKY JIM (1954)
and The Old Devils (1986). He was the father of Martin Amis.
艾米斯〔(1922-1995)，英国作家，以写幽默小说如《幸运的吉姆》
(1954)和《老鬼们》(1986)而著名。他是马丁·艾米斯的父亲)
Amis, Martin (1949- ) a British writer whose novels include
The Rachel Papers (1973) and Time's Arrow (1991). He is
the son of Kingsley Amis. 艾米斯〔(1949- )，英国作家。他的
小说包括《雷切尔文件》(1973)和《时光之箭》(1991)。他是金斯
利·艾米斯的儿子〕
A.mish, the /`amif; 'a:mif/ a Christian religious group who
follow a type of Christianity that has many strict rules about
behaviour. For example they must wear traditional clothes and
must not use modern inventions such as telephones, cars, of
televisions. They have their own land in Pennsylvania and Ohio,
where they live separately from other people.阿曼门诺派〔基
督教派别，他们在行为举止上有许多严格规定，例如必须穿传统服
饰，禁止使用诸如电话、汽车、电视等的现代发明。他们在宾夕法
尼亚州和俄亥俄州有定居点，过着与世隔绝的生活〕
a·miss /e`mis; e'mis/ adj, ady [F no comp. 无比较级] fml【正
式】1 wrong(ly) or imperfect(ly)有错误的[地]，有缺陷的[地]：
Is there something amiss? 有什么事不对头吗？ | A few words
of introduction may not come amiss.(=would be very suitable)
说几句开场白会是很合适的。2 take something amiss to be
angry about something, especially because of a misunderstanding
〔尤指因误会而〕对某事生气
am·i·ty `aemeti;'aemti/ n [U]fml friendship【正式】友好，和睦：
They lived in amity with their neighbours. 他们和邻居和睦相
处
Am.man /e`man; e'ma:n/ the capital city of Jordan阿曼〔约旦
首都〕
am·me·ter /aem mite; 'aemite/ n an instrument for measuring
the strength of an electric current, in AMPS 安培计，电表
am·mo·nia /e`monje; e'meunie/ n [U] a strong gas with a sharp
smell, used in explosives, in chemicals (FERTILIZERS) to help
plants grow etc 氨，阿摩尼亚
am·mu·ni·tion/emie`nifen;aemi'nifan/ also又作 am·mo
/`aemo; 'aemeu/ infml【非正式】-- n [U] bullets, bombs, explo-
sives etc, especially things fired from a weapon 弹药： They
were desperately short of ammunition. 他们极缺弹药。| (fig.
喻) The recent tax increases have provided the government' s
opponents with plenty of ammunition.最近的增税给政府的反
对派提供了大量炮弹。
am·ne·si·a /aem`ni3ie; aem'ni:zie/n [U] loss of memory, either
in part or completely(部分或全部)记忆缺失，健忘（症）：She suf-
fered amnesia after the car crash. 出了车祸之后，她得了记忆缺
失症。| alcoholic amnesia 酒精中毒性记忆缺失 -- -ac /-3iaek;
-ziaek/ adj, n
am·nes·ty /`aem,nsti; 'aemnesti/ n [C; U] (a) general act of
forgiveness, especially as allowed by a government to politi-
cal criminals 〔对政治犯等实行的〕大赦，特赦： to declare an
amnesty宣布大赦
Amnesty In.ter·na.tion.al /..../ an organization that sup.
ports HUMAN RIGHTS, especially people's right to express their
beliefs without being punished. Its members are known for
writing to governments to persuade them to set free people
who are in prison because of their political or religious beliefs.
大赦国际〔一个维护人权，尤其是信仰自由的组织。其成员写信给
各地政府要求释放因政治或宗教原因被关押的人〕
am·ni·o·cen·te·sis /，emniosen`tisis;,aemnieusen'ti:ss/n[U]
med a method of testing an unborn baby to find out if it has a
condition such as DOWN'S SYNDROME by removing liquid from
the mother's WOMB. The test is often given to PREGNANT
women aged 35 or over.【医】羊膜穿刺术〔指用抽取孕妇子宫羊
水的方法检查胎儿是否患有唐氏综合征等疾病的方法，一般对35
或35岁以上的孕妇进行这种检查
Am.o.co /aemeko; 'aemekeu/ trademark a large US company
that produced oil and natural gas, and operates petrol stations
both in the US and in many other countries. In 1998， Amoco
joined with the British company BP to form BP Amoco, one
of the largest companies in the world.【商标】美国石油公司〔美
国一家大型公司。在美国和其他许多国家从事原油和天然气的开
发，并且经营加油站。1998年，美国石油公司与英国石油公司合并
组建了英美联合石油公司，成为世界上最大的公司之一〕
a·moe·ba‖ also 又作 ameba AmE【美】 /e`mibe; e'mi:be/n -bas
or -bae /-bi; -bi:/ a very small living creature consisting of
only one cell阿米巴，变形虫
a·moe·bic‖also 又作 amebic AmE【美】/e`mibik; e'mi:bik/ adj
of or caused by amoebas 阿米巴（引起）的： amoebic dysentery
阿米巴痢疾
a·mok /e`mak; e'mok/ also 又作 amuck - adv run amok to
go or run out of control, especially with a desire to kill people
狂乱，发狂〔尤指患了杀人狂症)： a mad axeman running amok
一个手持斧头乱砍乱杀的疯子|(fig.喻) If public spending runs
amok our money will lose its value.如果公共开支得不到控制，
我们的货币就会贬值。
*a·mong /e`man; e'mvn/ also又作 a·mongst /e`mvnst; e'mvnst/
—prep 1 in the middle of; surrounded by 在·当中，为··所围
绕：Their house is hidden among trees.他们的住宅隐藏在树林
中。| She was soon lost among the crowd.很快她就消失在人
群中。2 between or through the group of 在·团体[人群] 中间：
discontent among the unemployed 失业者中间的不满情绪|
They talked about it among themselves. (=together)他们一起
议论这件事。3 in the group of; being one of 作为·中的一员，
是··之一： This mountain is among the highest in the world.
0048
这座山是世界上最高的山峰之一。| Among those who escaped
was a man convicted for murder.在逃的人中间有一个犯有谋
杀罪。| She's very keen on sport: among other things, she
plays tennis twice a week.她非常喜爱体育,除了其他活动外,
她每星期都打两次网球。4 (when things are shared by more than
two people) to each of 在（两个以上）之间分配：Divide the
money among the five of them. 把钱给他们五个人分。(Compare
比较 Divide the money between the two of them. 把钱平分给
他们两个人。) - see 参见 BETWEEN (USAGE)
a·mor.al /e`morel; ei'mprel/ adj 1 having no understanding of
right and wrong 非道德性的；没有是非观念的： Young children
and animals are amoral.年幼的孩子和动物都没有是非观念。
- compare 比较 IMMORAL, MORAL 2 not caring whether
behaviour is right or wrong 没有道德的，道德败坏的： The killer
was an amoral man who felt no remorse. 那个杀手是个道德败
坏、残酷无情的家伙。- ~ity /eme`raeliti;eimp'raelti/n[U]
am.o.rous /emeres; 'aemeres/ adj feeling or expressing love.
especially sexual love 柔情的，表示爱情的；（尤指）色情的：amo
rous glances 脉脉含情的眼神；秋波 | She refused his amo.
rous advances. (=attempts to start a sexual relationship)
绝了他试图跟她发生性关系的种种表示。- ~ly adv - ~ness n
[U]
a.mor-phous /e`morfes; e'mo:fes/ adj having no fixed form or
shape 无定形的： an amorphous mass of metal 一块不成形的金
属 | I can't understand his amorphous plans. 我弄不懂他那
杂乱无章的计划。- ~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
a·mor·ti·za.tion‖also 又作 -tis-BrE【英】/，aemte`zefen;
e,mo:tai'zeifan/ n [C; U] 1 the amortizing of a debt 〔债务的)
分期偿还 2 the reduction in value from year to year of the equip-
ment and property (ASSETS) of a business, which is calculated
for the purpose of deciding the business's worth 折旧；摊还〔指
资产因损耗而逐年减少，用于计算企业的价值)
a·mor·tize‖also又作 -tise BrE【英】/`aeme,taiz; e'mo:taiz/ν[T]
tech to pay off (a debt), especially by regular small amounts
【术语】分期偿还〔债务等〕--tizable ad
Amos /`emas; 'eimos/. Tori /`tori; 'to:ri/ (1963-)a US singer
and songwriter who plays music that is a mixture of ROCK and
other styles, and whose voice is unusual and easy to recognise.
She is known for playing the piano and became popular in the
1990s.阿莫斯〔(1963-)，美国歌手兼词曲作家。她的音乐混合
了摇滚及其他音乐风格，嗓音独特，容易识别。她以演奏钢琴著称
20世纪90年代开始走红〕
A.mos and An.dy /emes end `aendi; eimos end 'aendi/ two
black characters in old US radio and television programmes
who were played by white actors. People now see these
programmes as an example of a white RACIST view of black
people, because the black characters are represented as being
slightly stupid, lazy, and dishonest.阿莫斯和安迪〔过去美国广
播及电视节目中的两个黑人人物，由白人演员扮演。现在人们把这
些节目看作是白人种族主义者眼中的黑人的范例，因为黑人人物被
形容成有点愚笨、懒惰，而且不诚实
*a.mount1 /e`maunt; e'maunt/ n 1 [(of)] a collection or mass
considered as a unit in terms of its size, number etc 总数，数
额，数量： Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
那座桥耗费了大量金钱。| Her case has attracted an enormous
amount of public sympathy.她的案件博得了公众的深切同情。
He could only pay half the amount he owed, 他只能偿还所欠
债款的一半。| These figures should be treated with a certain
amount of(=some)caution/scepticism.对待这些数字，应较为
谨慎[有所怀疑]。2 any amount of a large quantity of; plenty
of 大量的： You'll have any amount of time after your
examination.考试过后，你们会有很多的时间。
□USAGE 用法说明 Amount is usually used with uncount
able nouns, 通常 amount同不可数名词连用; a a large
amount of money （大量的钱）。With most plurals it is bet-
ter to use number.如与大多数复数名词连用，则用 num
ber 更为相宜： a large number of mistakes （许许多多的错）
However, amount is used when talking about goods which
are handled in large quantities.但当谈到大量货物时，仍应
使用 amount: The shopkeeper had a large amount of
oranges in his storeroom.(店主在货仓里存有大量橙子。)
amount2 v
amount to sthg. phr v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行
式] to be equal to, e.g. in quantity or in meaning〔数量上)达到
〔意义上)等于： Her reply amounts to a refusal. 她的回答等于
拒绝。| She hasn't actually refused, but it amounts to the
same thing.她言辞上没有拒绝，但实际上等于拒绝了。| Our
debts amount to over $1000.我们的负债总共超过了1000元。|
[+v-ing] Not punishing these hooligans amounts to condon-
ing their behaviour.不惩处这些无赖就意味着宽恕他们的行为。
a.mour /e`mur; e'moe/n becoming rare a sexual relationship,
especially one that is secret 【渐罕】〔偷偷摸摸的〕恋情，奸情，偷
情
amp /aemp; aemp/ n 1 also 又作 ampere /aempir; 'aempee/ fiml
【正式】 - tech the standard measure of the flow of electrical
current past a point; the current that flows when one VOLT meets
a RESISTANCE of one OHM【术语】安培〔计算电流量的标准单位〕
2 infml for【非正式】= AMPLIFIER
am-per.age /aem`pirid3; 'aemperid3/ n [S; U] the strength of an
electrical current measured in amps 安培数，电流强度
am·per·sand /aempos aend; 'aempesaend/ n the sign (&) for the
word‘and’表示“and”之符号<写作&>
am·phet·a·mine /aem`fate,min; aem'fetomi:n/ n [C; U] a drug
used especially formerly in medicine and, especially illegally,
by people wanting excitement 安非他明，苯丙胺〔昔日使用的-
种药物，尤指非法用作毒品的兴奋剂
am·phib.i.an /aem`fibien; aem'fibien/ n an animal, such as a
FROG, that is able to live both on land and in water 水陆两栖动
物<如青蛙>
am-phib.i.ous /em`fibies; aem'fibies/ adj able to live or move
both on land and in water 水陆两栖的： Frogs are amphibious.
青蛙是水陆两栖动物。| an amphibious vehicle 水陆两用车辆」
an amphibious aircraft (=one that can land and take off on
water)能在水上降落及起飞的飞机
am·phi·thea·tre BrE【英】‖-ter AmE【美】/`emfe,0iet;
'emf0iete/n a large roofless building with rows of seats on a
slope all round a central area, used for competitions and plays,
especially in ancient Rome and Greece〔尤指古代罗马和希腊
的〕圆形露天剧场[竞技场]
am-pho.ra /`aemfere; 'emfere/ n -ras or -rae /-ri;-ri:/ a narrow
clay pot with two handles used, especially in ancient Rome
and Greece, for storing wine, oil etc〔尤指古代罗马和希腊用于
盛酒、油等的〕双耳陶罐
am-ple /`aemp!; 'aempal/ adj1 enough or more than enough充
足的，充裕的： We have ample money for the journey. 我们有
充足的旅费。| He was given ample opportunity to express
his views.他有很多机会来表明他的观点。- compare比较
ADEQUATE (1) 2 with plenty of space; large; SPACIOUS广阔
的，宽敞的： a house with an ample garden 有大花园的住宅 -
-ply adv: Whoever finds the necklace will be amply rewarded.
(=given a lot of money)找到项链者将得重赏
am·pli·fi·er `aemple,faie;'aemplfaie/ also 又作 amp infml【非
正式】- n an instrument, as used in radios and record players,
that makes electrical current or power stronger, especially so
as to make sound louder 放大器，扩音器，扬声器
am·pli.fy /`aemple,fai; 'aemplfai/ v1 [I (on, upon); T] fiml to
increase in size, effect etc, especially by explaining in greater
detail; EXPAND【正式】扩大〔范围、效果等)；详述： He amplified
(on) his remarks with a graph showing the latest sales figures.
他用一张标有最新销售数字的图表进一步阐述自己的意见。2[T]
to increase the strength of (something, especially sound com-
ing through electrical instruments)增强〔电压等〕，放大〔声音
等)：an amplified guitar 带有扩音设备的电吉他--fication
.emplefe`kefen;emplf'keifan/ n [S;U]
am·pli·tude /aemple,tjud;'aemp3tju:d/n[U]1 fm/【正式】the
quality of being ample, especially a great quantity; ABUNDANCE
充足，丰富 b largeness of space 广大，宽阔 2 tech the distance
between the middle and the top(or bottom) of a wave such as
a sound wave 【术语】振幅；波幅；幅度 - see 参见 AM
am·poule /`aempul; 'empu:l/ also 又作 am·pule /`aempjul;
aempju:l/- n a small usually glass container for medicine
that is to be taken by INJECTION (=by being put under a person's
skin through a needle)安瓿〔装注射液的小玻璃瓶〕
am.pu.tate /aempje tet; 'aempjteit/v[I; T] to cut off (all or
part of a limb), especially for medical reasons(尤指医疗上)截
肢，切除〔肢体的一部分或全部〕：to amputate a finger 切除一
指 」 Her leg was so badly damaged that the doctors had to
amputate(it).她的一条腿伤得十分厉害，医生只得（对它）作截肢
处理。- compare 比较 EXCISE2 - -tation /，aempje`tefen;
,aempj'teifan/n [C;U]
am·pu.tee /，aempju`ti;,aempj'ti:/n a person who has had an
arm or leg amputated 被截肢者
Am·rit.sar /aem`ritse; aem'ritse/ a city in the Punjab, in NW
India. It is a holy place for members of the Sikh religion, who
visit its famous GOLDEN TEMPLE. In 1919， British soldiers
stopped a peaceful political meeting by shooting at the crowd,
and 379 people were killed. This event is called the'Amritsar
massacre'.阿姆利则〔位于印度西北部旁遮普邦的一个城市，被锡
0049
克教教徒奉为圣地，有著名的金庙可供参拜。1919年，英军士兵为
驱散在此举行和平政治集会的人群，朝他们开枪射击，造成379人
死亡，史称“阿姆利则血案”〕
Am·ster.dam /aemstadaem; 'aemstedaem/ the capital city of the
Netherlands, known for its CANALS (=artificial rivers), its MU
SEUMS and art galleries (GALLERY), and its relaxed attitude to
sex and drugs 阿姆斯特丹〔荷兰首都，以其运河、博物馆、美术馆
及对性和毒品采取的宽松态度而著称〕
Am.strad /aemstraed; 'aemstraed/ trademark a British company
that produces computers, music systems, and other types of
electrical equipment. The company became well known in the
1980s for selling an inexpensive WORD-PROCESSING system
which was bought by many British people. Amstrad was started
by the businessman Alan Sugar.【商标】阿姆斯特拉德公司〔英
国一家生产电脑、音乐设备等电器的公司。20世纪80年代，该公
司推出一种廉价的文字处理系统，在英国非常畅销，公司也因此成
名。公司创始人是实业家艾伦·休格
Am·trak /aemtraek; 'aemtraek/ trademark the company which
runs passenger trains in the US【商标】（美国）全国铁路客运公
司： Will you fly or take Amtrak?你打算乘飞机还是坐火车？-
compare 比较 CONRAIL
a.muck /e`mvk; e'mvk/ adv=AMOK
am.u.let /aemjelit; 'aemj8let/ n an object worn in the belief that
it will protect one against evil, disease, bad luck etc 护身符
随身佩戴的〕驱邪物
Am·und·sen /`amendsn; 'aemendsan/, Ro.ald /`roeld; 'reueld/
(1872-1928)a Norwegian EXPLORER. He was the first person
to sail through the NORTHWEST PASSAGE in 1903-1906， and in
1911 he beat Captain Robert SCOTT in the race to become the
first person to reach the SOUTH POLE阿蒙森〔(1872-1928)，挪
威探险家。1903-1906年，他是第一个驾船穿过西北航道的人。
1911年，他在比赛中打败罗伯特·斯科特上校成为第一个到达南极
的人〕
*a.muse /e`mjuz; e'mju:z/ v [T] 1 to excite the sense of humour
of; cause to laugh or smile 使开心，使发笑： His silly jokes
amused the children. 他那些无聊的笑话把孩子逗乐了。」 We
were greatly amused to hear about him sitting on the wet
paint.听到他坐了一屁股油漆，我们都觉得很好笑。| She was not
at all amused (=very annoyed) when she heard what they
had done.当她听到他们所做的事时,感到很不开心。| an
amused expression on her face 她脸上开心的表情 2 to cause
to spend time in a pleasant manner; entertain; DIVERT 给·.提
供娱乐[消遣]： The new toys amused her/kept her amused for
hours.她玩那些新玩具玩得津津有味[一直玩了好几个小时]。[
The children amused themselves by playing games.孩子玩游
戏取乐。3 we are not amused a phrase which is believed to
have been used by Oueen Victoria, now often used humor-
ously 我们并不感到好笑〔据认为是维多利亚女王所说的话，现常
作幽默的用法〕
*a·muse·ment /e`mjuzment; e'mju:zment/ n 1 [U] the state of
being amused; enjoyment 开心，愉悦，乐趣： I listened in
amusement. 我听得十分开心。| To evervone's amusement
the actor fell off the stage.演员从舞台上跌了下来，把大家都逗
乐了。2[C] something that makes one's time pass pleasantly;
DIVERSION 消遣，娱乐： Big cities have theatres, films, foot-
ball matches, and many other amusements.大城市里有戏剧，
电影、足球比赛以及许多其他的娱乐活动，
amusement ar·cade /···/‖usually 通常 video arcade AmE
【美】- n a place full of machines which spin numbers or with
which one can play games after putting coins into them 〔有电
子游戏机等娱乐设施的〕游乐场；游戏机室
amusement park /·'··/ n AmE a
park in which a person can ride on
machines such as ROLLER COASTERS
and perhaps play games of skill or
chance. The best known amusement
parks in the US are DISNEYLAND and
DISNEYWORLD.【美】游乐场〔在那里
人们可以坐云霄飞车等滑车，也可以玩
需要技巧或碰运气的游戏。美国最著名
的游乐场有迪斯尼乐园和迪斯尼世界〕
*a.mus.ing /e`mjuzin; e'mju:zin/ adj
causing amusement; funny 引人
笑的，好笑的，有趣的：an amusing
book/incident/Derson有趣的书[事、
人]⊥ I don't find his jokes very
amusing.我不觉得他的笑话有什么可
笑。- ~ly adv
Am·way /`aemwe; 'aemwei/ trademark【商标】1 a US company
that sells various products, including cleaning products, beauty
products and kitchen equipment. The products are not sold in
stores, but by people who sell them in their free time and ther
receive a payment from the company based on how much they
have sold. People who sell Amway often hold parties at which
they sell the products to friends, NEIGHBOURs etc.安利公司
(美国一家出售洗涤用品、化妆品及厨房设备等产品的公司。其商
品不在商店里销售，而是让人们利用自己的业余时间进行推销。他
们可以根据销售量获得报酬。销售人员经常举行集会，借此向朋友
或邻居推销安利产品)2 products made by this company 安利
产品； Jill and Bob sell Amway to earn extra cash.吉尔和鲍勃
靠推销安利产品来赚外快。
*an /en; on; strong 强读 aen; aen/ indefinite article, determiner
(used when the following word begins with a vowel sound)a
〔后面的字以母音起音时使用，同a)一个，一只，一种等：an aw-
ful noise 一种可怕的噪声 」 an elephant 一头大象 」 an hour 一
个钟头」an RAF pilot一名英国皇家空军飞行员」 an LP 一张
密纹唱片
□USAGE 用法说明 When putting a or an before a set of
letters such as RAF, you must consider how the letters are
said, not whether the letters themselves are vowels or
consonants. RAF begins with the consonant r, but the let-
ter is said with the yowel sound lar:ax.Thus you say an
RAF officer and a UN official.在一组字母 （如 RAF) 的前
头该用a还是an,必须先了解这组字母的读音，而不管它们
本身是以元音字母还是辅音字母开头。例如RAF以辅音字
母r开头，但其发音却以元音 /ar;q:/开头，所以应该说 an
RAF officer,但却说 a UN official。- see 参见 LAN-
GUAGE NOTE: Articles
An·a·bap.tist /，aene`baeptist;aene'baeptst/n a member of a
group within the Christian religion that thinks that only people
who believe (and therefore not very young children) should be
baptized(BAPTIZE(1)再洗礼派教徒〔他们认为只有信教的人（因
此不是婴儿)才应该接受洗礼〕
an·a·bol.ic ster.oid /，aene`balik 'stiroid; aenebolik 'stieroid/ n
any of various artificial substances that make muscles grow
quickly and are taken, especially by ATHLETES, to increase
strength. Many competitions, such as the Olympic Games, do
not allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to compete. 〔运动
员等服用以增强肌力的〕促蛋白合成类固醇〔许多体育比赛，如奥
林匹克运动会，都不允许服用促蛋白合成类固醇的运动员参赛〕
a.nach.ro.nis.m /e`naekre,nizem; e'naekrenizam/ n a person
thing, or idea that is or appears to be in the wrong period of
time 时代错误；不合时代的人[事物、观点]： Some people believe
that the British House of Lords is an anachronism.有些人认为
英国的贵族院是一种不合时代的过时的东西。— -nistic /e naekre-
`nistik;e,naekre'nistik/ adj --nistically /-k]i;-kli/ adv
an.a.con.da /ene kande;aene'konde/ n a large S American
snake that crushes its food to death 水蟒，森蚺〔产于南美的-
种大蟒蛇〕
a·nae·mi·a also 又作 anemia AmE【美】 /e`nimie; e'ni:mie/ n [U]
an unhealthy condition in which there are too few red cells in
the blood 贫血（症）
a·nae·mic also 又作 anemic AmE【美】/e`nimik; e'ni:mik/ adj
1 suffering from anaemia 贫血的，患贫血症的 2 lacking force-
fulness or spirit 没有活力的； 无精打采的： an anaemic perform-
ance 有气无力的表演 - ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
an.ae.ro.bic /，aene`robik;,aene'reubik / adj tech not needing
oxygen in order to live or happen 【术语】厌氧的
an·aes·the·si·a also 又作 anes- AmE【美】/，aenes`0i3e;aens.
0i:zie/ n [U] the state of being unable to feel pain, especially
amusement park
as a result of physical wound, illness of the mind, drugs etc〔对
游乐场
疼痛等的〕感觉缺失，麻木；〔由药品等造成的〕麻醉状态
an·aes·thet·ic also 又作 anes- AmE【美】/，aenes`0tik;aens-
0etik√n [C; U] a substance that produces an inability to feel
pain, either in a limited area(local anaesthetic) or in the whole
body, together with unconsciousness (general anaesthetic)〔使
局部或全身失去知觉的)麻醉剂：The patient was under an an-
aesthetic during the operation.手术时给病人施了麻醉剂。
a·naes·the.tist also 又作 anes- AmE【美】/e`ns0etist;
e'ni:s0tast/ n a doctor who gives an anaesthetic to a patient麻
醉师
a·naes·the·tize also 又作 anes-AmE【美】，-tise BrE【英】/e`ns0e-
taiz; e'ni:s0taiz/ v [T] to make unable to feel pain by giving
an anaesthetic, especially in order to perform an operation使
麻醉，施麻醉剂于
an.a.gram /`aenegraem; 'aenegraem/ n a word or phrase made by
changing the order of the letters in another word or phrase变
位字，改变一词或短语的字母顺序后构成的新词或短语：‘Silent’is
0050
an anagram of 'listen'. silent 是listen改变字母排列次序后形
成的单词
An·a.heim /aenehaim; 'aenehaim/ a city in S California in the
US, which many people go to in order to visit DISNEYLAND阿
纳海姆〔美国加利福尼亚州南部城市，许多人去那里的迪斯尼乐园
游玩〕
a.nal enl; 'einal/ adj of, concerning, or near the ANUS(近)肛
门的
an·al-ge.si·a /，aenael`d3izie;,aenel'd3i:zie/n [U] tech the condi-
tion of being unable to feel pain even though conscious【术语)
痛觉缺失，无痛觉
an·al·ge·sic /aenael`d3izik;aenal'd3i:zikn [C;U] a substance
that causes analgesia, such as a drug or a cream that is rubbed
into the skin 止痛剂，镇痛药： Aspirin is a mild analgesic.阿司
匹林是一种温和的镇痛药。- analgesic adj
a·nal·o·gous /e`naeleges; e'naeleges/ adj [(to, with)] fml simi-
lar or alike in some ways; able to be compared (with)【正式】相
似的，类似的： The movement of particles in an atom is analo-
gous tolwith the way the planets move round the sun.原子中
粒子的运动和行星围绕太阳运动的方式相似
an·a-logue, -log /`aenl og; 'aenelog/ n [(of)] fml something that
is in some way similar to something else【正式】相似物，类似物
analogue com·put.er /...'./n a type of computer, now usec
only for certain special purposes, that performs operations by
measuring continuously varying quantities rather than by a
BINARY system of counting 〔类比)模拟电子计算机 - compare
比较DIGITAL COMPUTER
a·nal·o·gy /e`naeled3i;e'naeled3i/1 [C (to, with, between)] a
degree of similarity between one thing or process and another.
which makes it possible to explain something by comparing it
with something else 相似，类似；比喻：The author draws an
analogy between the way water moves in waves and the way
light travels.作者用水的波动作比喻，来说明光的运行方式。2
[U] the act of comparing one thing with another thing that is in
some way similar, especially in order to explain 类推，比拟： to
explain the movement of light by analogy with that of water
用水的运动作比拟，以解释光的运动
an·a·lyse also 又作 -lyze AmE【美】/`aen] aiz; 'aenelaiz/ν[T]
I to examine (something) by dividing it into its separate parts.
in order to learn about its qualities, meaning etc 分析： He
analysed the food and found it contained poison,他对这种食
物作了化验，发现有毒。| to analyse a sentence when studying
grammar 学习文法时对句子进行分析| Let's analyse the prob
lem and see what went wrong. 让我们分析一下这道题，看看什么
地方出错了。-- compare 比较 SYNTHESIZE 2 to PSYCHOANALYSE
对··进行精神分析
a·nal·y·sis /e`naelesis; e'naelss/n -ses /-siz; -si:z/ 1 [C;U] ex-
amination of something by dividing it into its separate parts分
析： The analysis of the food showed the presence of poison
那食物经化验后表明有毒。- compare 比较 SYNTHESIS 2 [C]
an examination of something together with thoughts and judg-
ments about it 分析研究，分析： Our analysis shows that the
company's failure was caused by lack of investment. 我们的
分析研究表明，该公司所以失利，是由于投资不足。」a detailed
analysis of the week's news 对这周新闻的详细分析 3 [U] PSY
CHOaNALYSIs 精神分析 4 in the final/last analysis when ev-
erything has been considered; ULTIMATELY 最终，归根结底； In
the last analysis, the responsibility for this failure must lie
with the minister.归根结底，这次失败的责任应由部长承担
an·a-lyst /`aenlist; 'aenelst/n 1 a person who makes an analysis
e.g. of chemical materials 分析者，化验员： a food analyst 食物
化验员」 a political analyst 政治分析家 2 a PSYCHOANALYST
心理分析（医）师- see also 另见SYSTEMS ANALYST
an·a·lyt·ic /，aen]`itik;aene'litik/also 又作 an·a·lyt·i·cal /-k!
-kaly adj using, or skilled in using, methods of careful
examination, especially in order to separate things into their
parts 分析的，（擅）用分析方法的： She has a very analytic mind.
她有一个善于分析的头脑。| computer-based analytical tech
niaues借助电脑的分析技术 --~ally /-kl; -kli/ ady
an·a·paest /`aene past; 'aenepest/ also 又作 -pest /- past; -pest/
AmE【美】 - n tech a measure of poetry consisting of two weak
or short) beats followed by one strong (or long) beat 【术语】
〔诗的〕抑抑扬格〔前两拍轻或短，后一拍重或长〕-~ic /aene
`pastik;aene'pestik/ adj, n
an.ar.chic /aen`arkik; ae'na:kik/ adj of, like, or likely to cause
anarchy, especially in lacking order or control 无政府状态的
无秩序的，混乱的：The situation in the country is becoming
increasingly anarchic. 这个国家的局势日益混乱。| an anar-
chic style of painting 杂乱无章的绘画风格 - ~ally /-kli; -kli
adv
an·ar·chis·m /`aene kizem; 'aenekizem/ n [U] the political be-
lief that society should have no government, laws, police etc,
but should be a free association of all its members府义
an·ar·chist /aenakist; 'aenekst/ n especially derog a person
who believes that all forms of government or control are un-
necessary or undesirable, and sometimes supports the use of
violence to destroy governments 【尤贬】无政府主义者 - ~ic
/aene`kistik aene'kistik/ adj-~ically /-kli;-kli/ adv
an·ar.chy /aenaki; 'aeneki/ n [U] 1 lawlessness and social and
political disorder caused by absence of government or control
(社会和政治上的)混乱状态2 complete absence of government
无政府状态 3 any state of disorder and confusion 无秩序；混乱
a newspaper report on anarchy in our schools 关于我们学校
中混乱状况的新闻报道
a·nath·e·ma /e`nae0eme;e'nae0me/n1 [S;U(to)] something
that one regards with strong dislike and disapproval 令人极其
讨厌的事： His political views are (an) anathema to me. 他的
政治观点真叫我厌恶。2 [C] tech someone or something that
has been cursed by the Christian church 【术语】被基督教诅咒
的人或事
a·nath·e·ma·tize also 又作-tise BrE【英】/e`nae0eme,taiz;
e'nae0metaiz/ v [T] tech (in the Christian church) to put a curse
on【术语】〔基督教〕诅咒
An·a·to.li·a /aene`tolie; aene'teulie/ the main part of Turkey
that is east of the SEA OF MARMARA 安纳托利亚〔马尔马拉海以
东的土耳其主体部分〕 - see also 另见 ASIA MINOR - Anatolian
adj
an.a·tom·i.cal /，aene`tamikl; aene'tomikel/adj of or concerned
with anatomy 解剖（学） 的： an anatomical description of the
leg 腿的解剖说明 - ~ly /-k]i;-kli/ adv
a.nat.o.mist /e`naetemist; e'naetemst/ n a person skilled in
ANATOMY(1)解剖学家
a·nat·o·my /e`naetomi: e'naetemi/ n 1 [U] the scientific study of
the bodies and body parts of people and animals 解剖学 -
compare 比较 PHYSIOLOGY 2 [C] often humor the body of a
person or animal 【常幽】人体；动物体： The ball hit him on a
rather delicate part of his anatomy. 球打在他身体碰不得的部
位上。3 [C; U] the DISSECTION (=cutting into pieces) of a body
or part of a person or animal to study the way it works or is
built 解剖 4 [C usually sing. 一般用单数] the way a living thing
works or is built 〔生物体内部的〕解剖结构； a lesson on the
anatomy of the frog 关于青蛙解剖构造的一课 」(fig.喻) The
book studies the anatomy of modern society.这本书剖析现代
社会的结构和功能。
ANC, the /e En`si: er en 'si:/ abbrey, for 缩写= the African
National Congress; a political group in South Africa that was
originally established to fight for political rights for the black
population. For many years it was an illegal organization, but
it later became a political party, won elections, and became
the government of South Africa. Its most famous leader is
Nelson MANDELA.非洲人国民大会，非洲民族议会〔南非一政治
团体，最初成立是为了争取黑人的政治权利。多年来，它一直是非
法组织，但后来它成为一个政治党派并在选举中获胜，从而执掌南
非政府。最著名的领袖是纳尔逊·曼德拉〕
an.ces.tor /aenseste; 'aenseste/ an.ces.tress /-tris;-trs/ fem.
【阴性】- n [(of)] a person from whom one is descended, es
pecially one who lived a long time ago 祖先，祖宗： My ances-
tors came from Spain. 我的祖先是西班牙人。| (fig.喻) This
machine is the ancestor of the modern computer.这台机器是
现代电脑的始祖。- compare 比较 DESCENDANT
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Many people in the US
and UK are interested in learning who their ancestors were.
They sometimes make a FAMILY TREE showing the names
of all the relatives they know from the present and the past.
Some people even use professional organizations that can
find out where their family originally came from.英美两
国有许多人对于自己的祖先是谁很感兴趣。有时，他们会做一
个家谱图记录从古至今已知的亲属。有人甚至动用专业组织
来为他们寻根溯源
an·ces.tral /aen`sestrel; aen'sestrel/ adj [A] belonging to or com-
ing from one's ancestors 祖先的，祖传的： my ancestral home
我的祖居
an·ces.try aensestri;'aensestri/ n [C usually sing.一般用单数；
U] a person's ancestors considered as a group or as a continu-
ous line 祖先；世系： a woman of noble ancestry/Scottish an-
cestry一个出身于贵族世家[有苏格兰血统]的女人| to trace
one's ancestry (=find out who one's ancestors were)寻根
an.chor' /`aenke; 'aenke/n 1 a piece of heavy metal, usually a
0051
hook with two arms, at the end of a chain or rope, for lowering
nto the water to keep a ship from moving 锚： We sailed round
the coast and came to anchor(=stopped sailing and lowered
the anchor) in a pleasant little bay. In the morning we weighed
anchor
在一个景色宜人的小海湾抛锚停泊下来。清晨我们起锚继续航
行。 fishing boats riding/lying at anchor(=floating and held
by their anchors)抛了锚在海上漂浮的渔船|The ship droppec
anchor(=lowered the anchor) at Plymouth.这条船在普利茅
斯抛锚停航。2 a person or thing that provides support and a
feeling of safety 可以依靠的人或事物；精神支柱；靠山 3 AmE
an ANCHORPERSON【美】(广播、电视新闻节目的)主持人 -- see
also 另见 SHEET ANCHOR
anchor2v1 [I] to stop sailing and lower the anchor 抛锚停船
2 [T] to fix firmly in position(使)稳固，固定： to anchor the
roof of a house 固定房顶 3 [T] especially AmE to serve as an
anchorperson of 【尤美】担任〔广播、电视新闻节目〕的主持人： She
anchors the top-rated news show.她主持要闻节目
an.chor.age/aenkerid3; 'aenkerid3/ n1 [C] a place where ships
may anchor 〔船只〕停泊处，抛锚处 2 [C; U] a means of making
firm 固定方法： Rub the door with sandpaper to provide an-
chorage for the next coat of paint.先用砂纸把门磨一磨，这样
下一层油漆才粘得牢
Anchoragethe largest city in Alaska, US, which is a port and a
centre of the oil and gas industries 安克雷奇〔美国阿拉斯加州
大的港口城市，也是石油、天然气工业的中心
an-cho.rite/aenke rait; 'aenkerait/n a person who lives alone
for religious reasons; HERMIT 隐士，隐居修道的人
an.chorper·son/aenkp3sn;'aenke,p3:san/ also又作 -man
/- maen; -，maen/ masc.【阳性】，-wom·an /-，wumen; -，wumen
fem.【阴性】 - n especially AmE a broadcaster, usually or
television, who is in charge of a news broadcast and appears
on it to connect one part of the broadcast with the next【尤美】
(广播、电视新闻节目的)主持人
an.cho.vy/`aentfevi; 'aentfevi/ n -vies or -vy [C; U] a small
strong-tasting fish 鳀鱼： The pizza was decorated with slices
of anchovy. 这种意大利薄饼上面铺上了鳀鱼片。| anchovy paste
鳀鱼酱
*an-cient'/enfent;'eimfant/ adj1 [A] in or of times long ago 古
代的： ancient Rome and Greece 古罗马和古希腊 」 a course in
ancient history 古代史课程 2 having existed for a very long
time 古老的，旧的： ancient customs/ruins 旧风俗[古代废墟] 3
usually humor (of people or objects) very old【一般幽】老掉牙
的： my ancient car 我的老爷车 | My grandparents are rather
ancient.我爷爷和奶奶都是老寿星了。
USAGE 用法说明 Ancient can be used to talk about the
people of civilizations long ago.形容古代文明的人物可用
ancient,如： the ancient Romans （古罗马人） 。But it is usu
ally derogatory or humorous when used of a living person
with the meaning ‘very old'.但如用以表示活着的人“很老”，
则通常含贬义或戏谑意味：the ancient caretaker of the
building(年老糊涂的房屋管理员)-see参见 _OLD
(USAGE)
ancient2n old use an old man【旧】老头儿
Ancient Mar.i.ner/. ./ the main character in the poem The
Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor COLERIDGE
The Ancient Mariner is an old SAILOR who shoots and kills ar
ALBATROSS (=a very large sea bird). The other sailors think
that this will bring them bad luck, and they force him to wear
the dead albatross on a rope around his neck so that they will
not be punished for his crime. But all the sailors die, and the
Ancient Mariner feels guilty and believes he must tell his story
to anyone who will listen, to warn them to be kind to all crea-
tures.老水手〔塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治长诗《古舟子咏》中的主人
公。老水手射杀了一只信天翁，船上其他水手认为这会给他们带来
厄运，遂命他挂尸于颈以免殃及他们。但后来除老水手外其他水手
都死了。老水手自感罪孽深重，便决心将这个故事讲给任何一个愿
意听的人，以告诫他们善待一切生灵〕- see also 另见 ALBA
TROSS
an-cients/`enfents; 'einfants/ n [the+P] (often cap.常用大写)
the European nations of ancient times, especially as represented
by the writers of ancient Greece and Rome 〔尤指古希腊、古罗
马作家笔下的欧洲〕文明古国[民族]；古人：to study the scien
tific beliefs of the ancients 研究古代文明民族的科学信仰
I.la.ry/aense lari; aen'sileri/ adj providing help, support,
or additional services 辅助（性）的，支援性的，额外服务的：the
ancillary staff of a hospital (=the people who do cleaning work
cooking etc)医院勤杂人员 - ancillary n: hospital ancilla-
ries医院勤杂人员
and/end; and strong 强读 End; aend/ conj 1 (used to join two
things, especially words of the same type or parts of sentences
of the same importance) as well as; also_和，及，与，又，并； q
knife and fork 一副刀叉「John and I约翰和我「He started to
shout and sing. 他开始又嚷又唱。| a mixture oj sugar, flour,
and water 糖、面粉和水的混合物 | We were cold and hungry
我们饥寒交迫。| We solved the problem by reducing our costs
and borrowing more money. 我们靠减少费用和多借钱的办法
才解决了问题。2 then; afterwards 然后，其后：She knocked on
the door and went in. 她敲敲门，然后走进去。| I woke up and
got out of bed. 我醒了便起床。| We don't know yet if the op-
eration was a success - we'll just have to
and see 我们
还不知道手术是否成功——我们只好等等看。3(expresses a re
sult or explanation 表示结果或说明)： Water the seeds and they
will grow.给种子浇水，它们就会发芽生长。| She was sick and
took some medicine. (=because she was sick) 她觉得不舒服，
所以吃了点药。Compare 比较 She took some medicine and
was sick. (=because she took the medicine)她吃了点药之后，
反而觉得身体不舒服。4(joins repeated words 连接重复的词)
a to show that something continues to happen 表示某事物连续
发生： We ran and ran. 我们跑了又跑。| We waited for hours
and hours. 我们一直等了好几个小时。| It came nearer and
nearer. 那东西越来越近了。b infml to show a difference in
quality or kind【非正式】表示不同的质量或种类： There are dic-
tionaries and dictionaries. (=some are much better than others)
词典很多，有好有坏。5 a (used instead of to after come, go.
try etc 在 come, go, try 等之后，用以代替 to): Come and have
tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶吧。| Try and get here be-
fore 4 o'clock.尽量争取四点钟以前到这里。b (used after nice
or good to add force 用于 nice 或 good 等词之后以加强语气)：
It's nice and sunny today.今天天气非常晴朗。| The soup was
good and hot. 这汤很热。6 (in saying numbers, used before
the numbers 1 to 99 and after the word hundred, but some-
imes left out in AmE 在计算时，用于1至99诸数目之前，以及
用于 hundred 之后，不过在美式英语中有时省去)；one million
two hundred and fifty-three thousand, four hundred and
twenty-six(=1,253,426)一百二十五万三千四百二十六 7 (in
descriptions of food or drinks 用于描述食物或饮料) served with
与·合起来的： bacon and eggs 煎熏肉加蛋 」 a gin and tonic
一杯奎宁水加杜松子酒」bread and butter (=bread spread with
butter)涂黄油的面包 8 And how!slang (used to give force to
the idea just expressed 用于加强已表示的意见) very much so
【俚】当然是这样，肯定是，那还用说！：“Did you enjoy your-
selves?”“And how!”“你们玩得痛快吗？”“当然，痛快极了！”9and
so on/forthand other things of that kind 等等： pots, pans,
dishes, and so on 锅、平底锅、盘子等等
andante/aen`daenti; aen'daenti/ n, adj, ady (a piece of music)
An.dersen/'aendesn; 'endeson/, Hans Chris.tian /haens
played rather slowly〔乐曲的〕行板；行板的；缓慢地
kristfen; haens 'kristfan/ (1805-1875) a Danish writer famous
for his many FAIRY TALES which include The Snow Oueen
The Little Match Girl, and The UGLY DUCKLING 安徒生 〔 (1805-
1875),丹麦著名童话作家，作品有《白雪公主》、《卖火柴的小女
孩》和《丑小鸭》〕
Anderson/aendasn; 'endesan/, Clive/klarv; klaiv/(1953-)
a British television PRESENTER who has his own CHAT SHOW
(=a programme where famous people are asked questions and
talk about themselves) and is known for his clever questions
and jokes 安德森〔(1953-)，英国电视清谈节目主持人，以机智
的问题和逗趣的笑话著称〕
Anderson, Gil-li-an/d3ilien; 'd3ilien/(1968-)a US actress
famous for appearing as Agent Dana SCULLY in the television
programme The X-FILES安德森〔(1968-)，美国女演员，因演
出电视节目《X档案》中的达纳·斯卡利探员而成名〕
Anderson, Pam.e.lapaemele; 'paemele/ (1967-) a US tele-
vision and film actress known especially for appearing in the
programme Baywatch. She is known for having SILICONE IM-
PLANts in her breasts to make them larger.Some people re-
gard her as one of the most sexually attractive women in the
world, and there are often stories about her and pictures of her
in the newspapers.安德森〔(1967-)，美国影视女演员，尤以演
出电视节目《海岸救险队》成名。她曾用硅胶隆胸。有人认为她是
世界上最性感的女性之一，报上常刊登她的传闻和照片〕
Anderson, Sherwood/f3wud; 'f3:wod/ (1876-1941) a US
writer best known for his book Winesburg, Ohio (1919)， a col
lection of short stories about the loneliness and dissatisfac-
tions of life in a small town 安德森〔(1876-1941)，美国作家.
代表作为短篇小说集《俄亥俄州瓦恩斯堡镇》(1919)，内容讲述小
镇生活的孤独和不快]
0052
Anderson shel-ter/'../ n a type of metal SHELTER that many
British people built near their homes during World War II to
protect them from bombs dropped by enemy planes 波纹铁防
空掩蔽所〔第二次世界大战时，许多英国人在自家附近搭建这种金
属掩蔽所，以躲避敌机空袭〕
An·des, the/aendiz; 'aendi:z/ a RANGE of high mountains along
the west coast of South America,安第斯山脉〔位于南美洲西海
岸的一列高山〕
an·di·ron/`aend,aio·n; 'aendaien/ also 又作 firedog - n either
of a pair of supports for burning logs in a fireplace(壁炉的)柴
架
An.dor.ra /aen`dore; aen'do:re/ a very small country in the
PYRENEES, on the border between France and Spain, popular
as a place for holidays and skiing (SKI). Population: 67,500
(1996).Capital:Andorra-la-Vella.安道尔〔位于比利牛斯山脉
法国和西班牙之间的一个很小的国家，是度假和滑雪胜地。人口：
67,500(1996),首都:安道尔)-Andorral n, adj
-andr-- see 参见 WORD FORMATION
An·drew/`endru: 'aendru;/, Prince(1960- ) the third child of
the British queen, Elizabeth II. His official royal title is The
Duke of York. He became a pilot for the Royal Navy, and in
1986 he married Sarah FERGUSON, but got a DIVORCE in 1996
安德鲁王子〔(1960-)，英国女王伊丽莎白二世的第三个孩子，皇
家海军飞行员，封号是约克公爵，1986年娶萨拉·弗格森为妻，
1996年离婚)- see also 另见 FERGIE
Andrew, Saint (1st century AD) in the Bible, one of Jesus
DISCIPLES. He is the PATRON SAINT of Scotland and St
Andrew's Day, 30th November, is celebrated as the Scottish
national day.使徒安得烈〔（公元1世纪），《圣经》中耶稣的门徒
之一，苏格兰的主保圣人，11月30日的圣安得烈日被当作苏格兰
的民族节日来庆祝〕- see also 另见 ST ANDREWS,SAINT
ANDREW'S CROSS
An·drews/`aendruz; 'endru;z/, Ju·lie/`d3uli;'d3u:li/ (1935-)
a British singer and actress. She has appeared in many films,
but people remember her especially for being in MARY POPPINS
(1964) and The SOUND OF MUSIC (1965). Because of this, she
is thought of as being a cheerful and morally pure person, rather
than a sexually attractive woman 茱莉·安德鲁斯〔(1935-)，
英国歌唱家和演员，演出过很多影片，但给人印象最深的是《欢乐
满人间》(1964)和《仙乐飘飘处处闻》(1965)。这两次演出使她
在人们心目中建立了一个欢乐纯洁而不是性感的形象〕
An·drex/`aendreks; 'aendreks/ trademark a type of TOILET PA
PER sold in the UK. Advertisements for Andrex often include
a PUPPY (=young dog) who pulls the toilet paper along with
his mouth.【商标】“皇冠”牌卫生纸〔在英国出售，它的广告中常有
只小狗把卫生纸拉出来的镜头〕
An.dro.cles and the Li.on /endrekliz end de `laien
aendrekli:z end de 'laien/ an ancient Roman story about a SLAVE
called Androcles who escapes from his owner and meets a lion
with a THORN (=a sharp pointed part of a plant) in its foot
Androcles removes the thorn. Later he is caught and is made
to fight with a lion in the ARENA as punishment for escaping
but the lion is the same one that he helped, and instead of at-
tacking him, it greets him as a friend.《安德罗克勒斯和狮子》
[古罗马故事，讲述奴隶安德罗克勒斯从主人家逃出来，遇见一头
爪上中刺的狮子。安德罗克勒斯替狮子拔出大刺。后来他被人抓
住，扔到竞技场与狮子搏斗作为对逃跑的惩罚，但那头狮子正好是
他救助过的，它没有攻击他，反而像朋友一样向他致意〕
an·drog.y.nous /aen`drad3enes; aen'drod3nes/ adj(especially
of plants) having both male and female characteristics〔尤指植
物〕雌雄同株的：兼性的
an.droid/aendroid; 'aendroid/ n (in stories) a ROBOT in human
form〔故事中似人的〕机器人
An·drop.ov/an`dropef;aen'droppf/, Yu.ri/juri;'juari/(1914
1984) a Soviet politician who was leader of the COMMUNIST
PARTY of the former SOVIET UNION from 1982 to 1984安德罗
波夫〔(1914-1984)，前苏联政治家，1982年至1984年间为前苏
联共产党领袖〕
An.dy Capp/ aendi`kaep; aendi 'kaep/ the main character in a
British CARTOON STRIP in newspapers. Andy Capp is supposed
to be a typical example of a WORKING CLASS British man who
is lazy, enjoys drinking beer in the PUB, and is always annoy.
ing his wife. He always has a cigarette in his mouth and wears
a CLOTH CAP. Most people now see Andy Capp as a rather old-
fashioned character.安迪·卡普〔英国报纸上卡通漫画中的主要
人物，被认为是典型的英国工人阶级男子：懒惰、好在小酒馆喝啤
酒、常惹妻子生气。他常叼着香烟，戴一顶布帽。现在，大多数人
认为这形象已经过时〕
Andy Pan.dy/ aendi`paendi; aendi 'paendi/ the main characte
in a British children's television programme in the 1950s and
1960s. Andy Pandy is a PUPPET who wears a suit with blue and
white STRIPES and has friends called Teddy and Looby Loo
安迪·潘迪〔英国20世纪50.60年代儿童电视节目中的主要人物，
是一个身穿蓝白条纹套装的木偶。他有两个朋友，一个叫特迪，一
个叫洛比洛〕
an·ec.dot.al/,enik`dotl;,enik'deutl/ adj of, containing,
telling, or full of anecdotes 轶事的；趣闻的： an anecdotal lec-
ture about his travels 有关他旅行趣闻的演说 | The theory re-
lies more on anecdotal evidence than genuine statistics.这理
论依据的是一些传闻，而不是确实的统计数字
an·ec.dote/aenik dot; 'aenikdeut/ n a short interesting or amus-
ing story about a person or event 掌故，趣闻，轶事
a·ne·mi·a/e`nimie;e'ni:mie/ n [U] especially AmE for【尤美】
= ANAEMIA - anemic adj - anemically /-kli; -kli/ adv
an·e·mom·e·ter/aene'mamete;aen3'momte/n a machine for
measuring the strength of wind 风速表，风力仪
a.nem·o.ne/e`nme,ni; e'nemeni/ n 1 a plant with red, white,
or blue flowers 银莲花，白头翁，秋牡丹 2 a SEA ANEMONE海葵
an.e.roid ba.rom·e.ter /aene,roid be`ramete;,eneroid
be'rpm3te/ n an instrument (BAROMETER) that measures
changes in air pressure in order to tell what the weather is go-
ing to be or how high one is above sea level. It works by mea-
suring the action of air pressure on a metal container emptied
of air.无液气压计，无液晴雨表：气压测高计
an·es·the·si·a/,aenes`0i3e;aens'0i:zie/ n [U] especially AmE
for【尤美】=ANAESTHESIA - anesthetic /-`0atik; -'0etik/ n -
anesthetist /e`ns0etist; e'ni:s0tist/ n - anesthetize /-0e,taiz;
-03taiz/v[T]
a.new /e`nju; e'nju:/ adv especially lit in a new or different
way;again【尤文】重（新），再（度）
An.field/aenfild; 'aenfi:ld/ the ground where Liverpool Foot-
ball Club plays 安菲尔德足球场〔利物浦足球俱乐部的比赛场地)
an·gel/^end3el; 'emd3al/n1 a ser-
vant of God, who is believed by
angel 天使
religious people to appear some
times to people and bring them
messages from God. Angels are
usually represented as people
with wings, dressed in white.天
使〔信教的人认为天使有时会向人
们现身，带来神的旨意。天使通常
被表现为长着羽翼，身着白衣〕-
see also 另见 GUARDIAN ANGEI
and see Feature on page B3参见
B3页文化特写 2 a person who is
very kind, beautiful etc 仁慈而美
丽的人，安琪儿3 infml someone
who is ready to support something, especially a play or a film.
by lending money【非正式】赞助人〔尤指资助戏剧、电影的人〕-
ic /aen`d3lik; aen'd3elik/ adj: Don't be deceived by his an-
gelic smile!不要被他天使般的微笑所欺骗。4 on the side of
the angels supporting the side that is morally right 站在道义一
方，站在善的一方 - ~ically /-k]i; -kli/ adv
angel dust/'·,/ n [U] AmE slang for【美俚】=PCP
Angel Falls/,.'/ the highest WATERFALL in the world, which
is in SE Venezuela 安赫尔瀑布〔世界上最高的瀑布，位于委内瑞
拉东南部〕
angel-food cake/'./ n [C; U] AmE a very light white cake
made with beaten egg whites 【美】〔用蛋白做成的〕白蛋糕
An·gel·i.co/aen`d3sliko: aen'd3elikeu/, Fra/fra: fra:/(?1400-
1455) an Italian MONK (=a member of an all-male Christian
religious group) and painter, known especially for the FRES-
Coes that he painted on church walls 安吉利科〔(？1400-1455)，
意大利修士和画家，尤以绘画教堂壁画著称)
An·ge.lou /`aend3elu; 'aend3elu:/, May.a/`maie; 'maie/(1928-)
a black US writer, poet, and university teacher, best known for
her book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970)安吉洛
((1928-),美国黑人作家，诗人、大学教师，代表作《我知道笼中
鸟为什么歌唱》(1970)〕
an·ge·lus /`aend3eles; 'aend3les/ n [the+S] (often cap.常用大
写) a bell that is rung three times a day in Roman Catholic
churches to tell the people when to say a particular praver〔天
主教教堂早、午、晚各一次为提醒教徒做某一种祈祷而敲打的〕奉
告祈祷钟，三钟经祈祷钟
an.ger'/aeng; 'enge/n [U] a strong and sometimes violent
feeling of displeasure, usually leading to a desire to hurt or
stop the person or thing causing it; extreme annoyance. Anger
is one of the SEVEN DEADLY SINS 愤怒，怒火，怒气〔怒为七大罪
一)： She could hardly contain (=control) her anger.她怒不
可遏。| The workers reacted with anger and frustration to
0053
the closure of the factory. 工人们因工厂关闭感到气愤和失望
suppressed anger 被压抑的怒火
anger2v [T] to make angry; INFURIATE 使生气，触怒
an·gi·na pec.to.ris /aen`d3aine`pakteris; aen,d3aine 'pekter s/
also 又作 angina /aen`d3aine; aen'd3aine/ - n [U] a heart dis-
ease causing sudden sharp pains in the chest 心绞痛
*an.gle1/aengl; 'engal/ n 1 the space between two lines or sur
faces that meet or cross each other, measured in degrees that
represent the amount of a circle that can fit into that space
An angle of 90 ° is called a right angle. 90°的角叫直角。| a
sharp angle 锐角| The plant was growing at an angle. (=not
straight or upright)这棵植物长歪了。| He took photographs
of the statue from several different angles.他从不同的角度给
这个雕像拍照。2 a corner,e.g. of a building or piece of furniture
〔建筑物或家具的〕边角 3 infml a point of view; STANDPOINT
【非正式】观点；角度： If you look at the accident from another
angle you will see how funny it all was.如果从另一角度来看
这起事故，你就会觉得整件事情多么可笑。
angle2v[T] 1 to turn or move at an angle 按照某一角度转动或
移动： a mirror angled so as to reflect light from a window 为
反射窗外的光线而摆成某一角度的镜子 2 often derog to repre
sent (something) from a particular point of view; SLANT'(2)
【常贬】偏向某一观点去表达；曲解，歪曲： She angles her reports
to suit the people she is speaking to.她从特定的角度[带着
定倾向性]作报告以迎合她的听众。
angle3 v [I] especially BrE to try to catch fish with a hook and
line 【尤英】垂钓，钓鱼： He loves (to go) angling on a fine sum-
mer day.他喜欢在晴朗的夏日去钓鱼。- ~gler n
angle for sthg. phr v [T] often derog to try to get, especially
by means of indirect remarks or requests【常贬】〔以暗示等方
法)取得，谋取： She's angling for an invitation/for compliments.
她拐弯抹角地想取得一张请帖[用各种手段来获取旁人的赞誉]。
An·gle·poise /`aenglpoiz; 'aengalpoiz/ Anglepoise lamp /，·'/
BrE trademark a type of lamp which can be moved on its sup-
port into different positions, often used on desks【英，商标】活
动（台）灯〔支臂可以活动的一种照明灯具，通常在桌上使用〕
an.gler /`aengl; 'aengle'/ n a person who tries to catch fish with
a hook and line 垂钓者
An.gle.sey aenglsi; 'aengalsi/ an island off the northwest coast
of Wales, which is connected to the rest of Wales by the Menai
Bridge 安格尔西岛〔威尔士西北海岸附近岛屿，由梅奈大桥连接威
尔士其他地区) - see colour map on page A1参见A1页彩色
地图
An.gli.can /`aengliken; 'aengliken/ n, adj (a member) of the
Church of England, a branch of the Christian religion 英国圣
公会的（教徒） - ~ism n[U]
Anglican Com.mu.nion, the /，...'./ the group of churches
around the world, mostly in English-speaking countries, that
are descended from the Church of England and are closely re-
lated to it in practice and belief 圣公会，安立甘宗〔一个以英语
国家为主的世界性教会组织，这些教会同属于英国国教会，在礼仪
和信仰上有着密切联系〕
an.gli.cis.m /`aenglesizem; 'aenglsizam/n an English word or
phrase that is in common use in another language 典型的英国
说法；英国惯用语〔其他语言中常用的英语词语〕
an·gli·cize also 又作-cise BrE【英】/`aengle,saiz;'aenglsaiz/v
[T] to make English or British in appearance, sound, character
etc使英语化；使英国化
an·gling /englin; 'aenglin/ n [U] 1 the sport of catching fish
垂钓运动；钓鱼 2 go angling to catch fish as a sport 去钓鱼
Anglo- - see 参见 WORD FORMATION
Anglo-A·mer·i-can1/,..'·./ adj from or connected with both
the UK and the US 英美的： Anglo-American trade talks 英美
贸易会谈
Anglo-American2n someone from the US whose family origi-
nally came from the UK 英裔美国人
Anglo-Cath-o.lic /，· '·/ n a member of the part of the CHURCH
OF ENGLAND whose beliefs and ceremonies are similar to those
of the ROMAN CATHOLIC religion〔信仰和仪式与罗马天主教相
近的〕英国国教高派教会教徒 - Anglo-Catholic adj
Anglo-In-di·an /，.'·./n 1 someone who has one British par-
ent and one Indian parent 英印混血的人 2 old use a British
person born or living in India【旧】生或住在印度的英国人 —
Anglo-Indian adi
Anglo-l-rish A.gree.ment /，.，..·./ an agreement made in
angle 角
1985 between the governments of the UK and the Republic of
Ireland, which gave the Irish the right to take part in discus-
sions about the future of Northern Ireland. Many Protestants
in Northern Ireland criticized the British government for mak-
ing this agreement.英爱协议〔英国政府与爱尔兰共和国政府于
1985年签署的协议，赋予爱尔兰政府参与讨论北爱尔兰未来的权
利。许多北爱尔兰的新教徒批评英国政府的这个做法〕
an.glo.phile /`aengle,fail; 'engleufail/ n a non-British person
who is interested in and likes British people and things 亲英
者，喜好英国事物者
an·glo·phil·i·a /engle`filie;engleu'filie/ n [U] interest in and
liking for Britain 亲英（心理）
an·glo·phobe /`engle fob; 'aengleufeub/ n a non-British per-
son who hates British people and things 仇英者
an·glo·pho·bi·a /，engle`fobie;,aengleu'feubie/ n [U] hatred
of Britain 仇英（心理）
Anglo-Sax.on1/,·.·/n 1 [C] a member of a people who came
to live in England from about 600 AD 盎格鲁-撒克逊人 2 [U]
the language of the Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁-撒克逊语 3 [C] a
white British person, or a white person in countries such as the
US and Australia, whose family originally came from Britain
英国白人；〔居住在美国、澳大利亚等地的〕英国白人移民后裔
Anglo-Saxon2 adj 1 connected with the Anglo-Saxon people
who lived in England from about 600 AD 盎格鲁-撒克逊人的：
an Anglo-Saxon church 一座盎格鲁-撒克逊人的教堂 2 con-
nected with white people in Britain, and white people in coun-
tries such as the US and Australia whose families originally
came from Britain 英国白人的；（居住在美国、澳大利亚等地的）
英国白人移民后裔的 - see also 另见 WASP
An·go.la /aen`gole; aen'geule/ a country in SW Africa, north of
Namibia and south of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Population: 11,100,000(1995). Capital: Luanda.安哥拉〔非
洲西南部国家，位于纳米比亚以北，刚果民主共和国以南，人口：
11,100,000(1995),首都：罗安达)- Angolan n
an·go·ra /aen`gore; aen'go:re/ n 1 [C] (often cap.常用大写)a
type of goat (angora goat) or rabbit (angora rabbit) with long
silky hair〔一种有光滑柔软长毛的〕安哥拉羊；安哥拉兔 2[U]
woollen material or thread made from the hair of an angora
rabbit. Things made from angora are expensive and are con-
sidered to be LUXURY goods.用安哥拉兔毛制成的毛织物或毛
线〔这种织物价格昂贵，被视为奢侈品〕- compare 比较MOHAIR
an·gos.tur·a /，aenges`tjure;,enge'stjuare/n [U] a bitter liquid
used for adding taste to alcoholic drinks〔可增加酒的香味的〕
安戈斯图拉苦味液
*an.gry /aengri; 'aengri/ adj [(with, at)] 1 feeling or showing
anger 发怒的，生气的： Angry demonstrators jeered at the
President.愤怒的示威者对总统发出嘲笑声。」 an angry look
on her face 她脸上的怒容 」 angry criticism/words 愤怒的批
评[言辞] | I was angry with him for keeping me waiting. 我很
生他的气，因为他让我等了好久。| I was angry at the delay. 我
对这种拖延感到气愤。| Her rudeness made me really angry.
她的粗鲁使我非常生气。| an angry exchange of views 怒气冲
冲的争论 2(of the sky or clouds) stormy〔指天气、云层等〕狂风
暴雨的 - angrily adv
□USAGE 用法说明 When talking about a person's gen-
eral character, we do not describe the person as angry.
Instead, we use words like 在谈论一个人的性格时，不能用
angry 来形容，而应用 quick-tempered 急躁的，易怒的(not
too derogatory 贬义不强)， irritable 烦躁的 (fairly weak 含
义较轻)，bad-tempered 脾气不好的， ill-tempered 脾气暴
躁的，ill-natured 心地邪恶的(stronger and more deroga-
tory 语气较强，贬义成分较重)。- see also 另见 ANNOY
(USAGE)
Angry Young Man /，.·.'/ n BrE a young man who strongly
criticizes society and the government. The phrase was first used
to describe John OSBORNE and other British writers in the 1950s.
Osborne's most famous play was Look Back in Anger (1956)
and the main character, Jimmy Porter, was a typical Angry
Young Man.【英】愤怒的青年〔指强烈指责社会和政府的年轻人、
最初用于描写约翰·奥斯本等20世纪50年代的一些英国作家。奥
斯本名剧《愤怒的回顾》(1956)中主人公吉米·波特是个典型的
0054
“愤怒的青年”〕
angst /unkst; aenst/ n [U] anxiety and anguish caused especially
by considering the sad state of the world and/or the humar
condition〔因忧世忧民而引起的〕焦虑不安，烦恼
an-guish /aengwif; 'engwif/ n [U] very great pain and suffering.
especially of the mind 〔尤指精神上的)极度痛苦： She was in
anguish over her missing child.孩子失踪了，她心里极为悲痛。
anguished adj: anguished cries痛苦的哭泣声
an·gu·lar /`aengjele; 'aengjle/ adj 1 having sharp corners 有尖
角的2(of a person's body) with the bones able to be clearly
seen; not rounded 〔人)瘦削的，骨瘦如柴的： her sharp angular
face 她瘦削的脸 3 [A] having or forming an angle or angles 有
角的，成角的 - ~ity /aengje`laereti;aengj'laerti/n [C;U]
An·heu·ser-Busch /，enhaize`bul;aenhaize'bu/ trademark a
US company which makes beer【商标】〔美国的〕安休塞-布什
啤酒公司
an·i·mad·vert /aenemaed`v3t;enmaed'v3:t/v[I (on,upon.
about)] pomp to speak about, especially in a way that finds
fault【夸张】指摘，非难 - -version /-`v33en; -'v3:[an/n
*an·i·mal1 /aeneml; 'aenmal/n 1 a living creature, not a plant
that has senses and is able to move itself when it wants to 动物：
Snakes, fish, and birds are all animals. 蛇、鱼和鸟都是动物。
Humans are the most intelligent of all the animals.人是所有
动物中最聪明的。| Man is a political animal. 人是政治动物。
2 all this group except human beings〔除人类外的〕动物，兽类：
farm animals 农家饲养的动物 | Should animals be kept in
cages?应该把野兽关在笼子里吗？3 a MAMMAL 哺乳类动物
4 a person considered as behaving like a wild non-human
creature （行为具）兽性的人 5 all animals are equal, but some
animals are more equal than others quote a phrase from the
book ANIMAL FARM by George Orwell【引】动物一律平等，但
有些动物比其他动物更加平等〔引自乔治·奥韦尔的《动物农庄》)
6 animal, vegetable or mineral a phrase used in popular Brit-
ish and American game shows on television and radio. In the
games, people had to discover what an unknown object was
by asking a number of questions,动物、植物还是矿物〔英美电
视广播流行游戏节目中所使用的话。游戏时，人们必须发问一系列
问题来猜出某一物体的名称〕7 a different animal used in or-
der to say that someone or something is very different from
the person or thing that you have just mentioned 截然不同的人
或物： This was Abbot's son; quiet and kind, he seemed a dif-
ferent animal entirely from his father.这是阿博特的儿子，文
静、善良，跟他父亲截然不同。| The new X200 model will be a
completely different animal from the old X100,新的X200 型
与旧的X100型完全不一样。
*animal2 adj 1 [A] of, concerning, or made from animals 动物
的：动物制成的：cooking with animal fats 用动物脂肪烹调|
animal feed 动物饲料 2 of the body, not the mind or the spirit.
especially concerning one's APPETITES for food and sex 肉体
的〔尤指人的食欲或性欲)：animal desires 兽欲
Animal Crack.ers /. './ trademark a type of small sweet
BISCUITS shaped like animals, which are sold in a small box
and are popular with children in the US【商标】动物饼干〔一种
动物形状的甜饼干，装在小盒内出售，深受美国儿童喜爱〕
Animal Farm /，. '/ a novel by George ORWELL which is a
SATIRE(=a humorous criticism)on the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
and COMMUNIST society. In the book, a group of animals take
control of a farm so that they can establish a society where
they are all equal. The pigs, however, soon become the leaders
and say that they are more important, intelligent etc than ev
eryone else, using the phrase'All animals are equal, but some
animals are more equal than others'.《动物农庄》〔作者乔治·奥
韦尔，讽刺俄国革命和共产主义社会。小说描写一群动物接管了一
个农场，它们决定建立一个人人平等的社会。但是猪很快成了领袖
人物并表明它们比其他动物更加重要，更加聪明。它们说：“动物一
律平等，但有些动物比其他动物更加平等。”
animal hus-band-ry /.· '·/ n [U] the branch of farming con
cerned with the keeping of animals and the production of ani-
mal materials, such as milk and meat畜牧业
Animal Lib·e·ra·tion Front /，···，/ abbrev.缩写为 ALF a
British organization that protests against using animals in sci-
entific EXPERIMENTS, such as testing drugs or COSMETICS. Som
members of the Animal Liberation Front have actively helped
to set these animals free, and others have used bombs and other
violent methods to protest.动物解放阵线〔英国的一个组织，反
对使用动物进行药品、化妆品等科学试验。部分成员积极参与了释
放这些动物的活动，还有的使用炸弹等暴力手段进行抗议)
animal rights /· '·/ n [U] the idea that people should treat
animals well, and especially not use them in tests to develop
medicines or other products 动物权，动物的权利〔指人们应善待
动物，尤其不要把它们用作试验品来研制药物或其他产品)：ani-
mal rights protestor/campaigner (=someone who tries to stop
cruelty to animals)动物权利保护者
animal rights group /，·.，/ n a group of people who protest
against cruel treatment of animals 动物权利保护团体〔指反对
虐待动物的团体〕
an·i·mate' /aenemit; 'aenmt/ adj (of plants and animals) hav-
ing life; alive〔动植物)有生命的，活的 - opposite 反义词 in
animate
an i·mate2 /aene met; 'aenmeit/v [T] rather fiml to give life or
excitement to;ENLIVEN【较正式】赋予··以生命；使有生气；激励：
Laughter animated his face for a moment.笑使他脸上一时增
添了生气。
an·i·ma·ted /`aenemetid; 'aenmeitd/ adj 1 showing a lot of
interest and energy 生气勃勃；活跃的： An animated discussion
ensued. 接着就进行了一场热烈的讨论。2 animated cartoon/
film/programme a film made by photographing a series of
pictures, clay models etc 卡通（片） ；动画片 - ~ly adv
an·i·ma·tion /，ene`mefen;aen'meifan/ n [U] 1 excitement;
spirit; liveliness 兴奋；生气；活跃： They were full of animatior
as they talked about their holiday,他们兴奋地谈论着假期的
事。2 the making of CARTOONs 卡通[动画]片的制作
an·i·mis.m /aene,mizem; 'aenmizam/ n [U] a religion accord-
ing to which natural objects, animals, and plants are believed
to have souls 万物有灵论；泛灵信仰 - -mist n, adj
an·i·mos.i·ty /aene`maseti;aen'mosti/ n [C; U(towards.
between)](an example of) powerful, often active, hatred; HOS-
TILITY憎恶，仇恨，敌意
an iseed /`eni sid; 'aensi:d/ n [U] the strong-tasting seeds of a
plant (anise /aenis; 'aens/), used especially in alcoholic drinks
大茴香子〔尤用于酒精饮料〕
An·ka.ra /`aenkre; 'aenkare/ the capital city of Turkey 安卡拉
〔土耳其首都〕 - see also 另见 ISTANBUL
*an.kle /`aenkl; 'enkal/ n 1 the joint between the foot and the leg
脚踝 2 the part of the leg just above the foot 踝节部，脚脖子：
ankle socks (=that do not reach beyond the ankles) 〔仅盖至脚
脖子的〕短袜
an-klet /aenklit; 'aenklt/ n a ring or BRACELET worn round the
ankle 踝饰，脚镯
An.na Ka.renin.a /，ene ke`ranine; ，aene ke'renine/ a book by
the Russian writer Leo TOLSTOY which is considered by many
people to be one of the greatest novels ever written. It tells the
story of a married woman called Anna Karenina who falls in
love with a young army officer.《安娜·卡列尼娜》〔俄国作家列
夫·托尔斯泰的一部作品，被视为最伟大的小说之一，讲述已婚女
子安娜·卡列尼娜爱上一位年轻军官的故事〕
an-nals /`aen]z; 'aenlz/ n [P (of)] fml a record of events or activi.
ties that is arranged in yearly parts, such as a record of the
activities of a scientific society produced every year【正式】年
鉴，年报，编年史：the Annals of the Zoological Society 动物学
学会年报 |(fig.喻) one of the most disgraceful episodes in
the annals (=history) of British politics 英国政治史上最丢脸
的插曲之一 - annalist n
An·nan /aenaen; 'aenaen/, Ko.fi /`kofi; 'keufi/ (1938-)the Sec-
retary-General of the UNITED NATIONS since 1996. He comes
from Ghana, and was formerly responsible for the UN's peace-
keeping operations in Bosnia.安南〔(1938-)，1996年起任联
合国秘书长，来自加纳，原先负责联合国波斯尼亚的维持和平行动〕
An·nap.o.lis /e`naepelis; e'naepelis/ the capital of the state of
Maryland in the US. The United States Naval Academy, where
navy officers are trained, is in Annapolis and the name An-
napolis is often used to mean this academy.安纳波利斯〔美国
马里兰州首府，美国海军学院所在地。安纳波利斯常被用来指这所
学院)： He graduated from Annapolis in 1993. 1993年，他从
美国海军学院毕业。
Anne /aen; aen/, Princess (1950-) the second child and only
daughter of the British queen, Elizabeth II. Her official title is
The PRINCESS ROYAL. She is known for her skill at riding horses
and was a member of the British Olympic team in 1976. She
works actively to support many CHARITY organizations, espe-
cially as President of the SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND.安妮公主
〔(1950-)，英国女王伊丽莎白二世的第二个孩子，也是她惟一的
女儿，封号大公主。她骑术高超，1976年代表英国出战奥运。她
是“拯救儿童基金会”主席，并积极资助许多慈善组织〕
Anne, Queen (1665-1714) the queen of Great Britain and Ire-
land from 1702 to 1714 and the daughter of James II.安妮女王
〔(1665-1714)，大不列颠和爱尔兰女王，詹姆斯二世之女)-see
also 另见 QUEEN ANNE
an·neal /e`nil; e'ni:l/ v [T] to make (metal, glass etc) hard by
allowing slowly to become cool after heating until soft 使退
0055
火、韧炼〔把金属、玻璃等加热至软化，然后再缓缓冷却使之坚硬
Anne of Green Ga-bles /·.'·/ a children's novel by L. M
MONTGOMERY about a girl called Anne Shirley who is adopted
(ADOPT) by an older lady and her brother and goes to live on
Prince Edward Island in Canada, during the late 1800s. It has
been made into a film, a play, and a television programme.《格
林·盖布尔斯来的安妮》[L.M.蒙哥马利的一部儿童小说，描写19
世纪后期，小女孩安妮·雪莉被一位老太太及其兄弟收养，来到加
拿大爱德华王子岛居住的故事，已被改编成电影、戏剧和电视节目)
an-nex /e`ncks; e'neks/v [T (to)] to take control and possession
of (land, a small country etc), especially by force并吞，兼并，
霸占〔领土、小国等〕- ~ation /aencks`efen;aenek'seifan/n[C:
U]: Rome's annexation of Britain in 43 AD 公元43年罗马之
兼并英国
an·nexe especially BrE【尤英】‖annex especially AmE【尤美】
/`aencks; 'aeneks/-n a building joined or added to a larger
one 附属[增建]建筑物：a hospital annexe 医院的附属建筑物
An.ni.go.ni /aeni`goni; aeni'geuni/, Piet.ro /`pjatro; 'pjetreu/
(1910-1988) an Italian PORTRAIT painter who painted pictures
of John F. Kennedy and Queen Elizabeth II 阿尼格尼〔(1910-
1988),意大利肖像画家，曾为约翰·F.肯尼迪和女王伊丽莎白二
世画像〕
an.ni-hi.late /e`naie let; e'naieleit/ v [T] to destroy completely
(彻底)消灭，歼灭：We annihilated the enemy.我们歼灭了敌
人。|(fig.喻)His arguments were annihilated. 他的论点全部
被推翻。— -lation /e,naie`lefen;e,naie'leifen/n [U]: the threal
of annihilation by nuclear weapons/nuclear annihilation 用
核武器毁灭[核毁灭]的威胁
an·ni·ver·sa·ry /，aene`v3seri;,aen'v3:sari/n [(of)] a day which
is an exact year or number of years after a particular event周
年纪念日：a wedding anniversary 结婚周年纪念日 」 It's the
twentieth anniversary of our country's independence
(=exactly 20 years since it became independent)今天是我国独
立20周年纪念日。| anniversary celebrations 周年庆典 -
compare 比较 BIRTHDAY
An.no Dom.i.ni/,aeno`dame,nar; aeneu'dom nai/ the full form
of AD公元〔AD的全称〕
an.no.tate /aeno tet; 'aeneteit/ v [T] fml to add short notes to (a
book) to explain certain parts【正式】〔给书作〕注释，注解： an
annotated edition of Shakespeare's plays 莎士比亚剧作的注
释本--tation /，aene`tefen;aene'teifan/n [C;U]
an-nounce /e`nauns; e'nauns/ v [T] 1 to make known publicly
通告，公诸于众，宣布： They announced the date of their wed
ding in the paper. 他们在报上宣布了结婚日期。」 [+that] The
government has announced that electricity charges will go
up in the spring. 政府宣布电费将在春季涨价。| (fig.喻) The
bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵
显示春天已经来到。2 to state in a loud voice （大声）宣布： Ev-
eryone was silent as he announced the winner of the
competition.当他宣布比赛获胜者的名字时，在场的人都鸦雀无
声。3 to read (news) or introduce (a person or act) on the radio,
television etc〔在电台、电视台〕报告（新闻），主持（节目） - see
also 另见 UNANNOUNCED
an-nounce·ment /e`naunsment; e'naunsment/ n 1 [C] a state
ment making publicly known something that has happened or
will happen 通告，布告，告示，声明： flight arrival announce
ments at the airport 机场关于班机到达的消息公告 」 a news/
wedding announcement 新闻发布；结婚启事 | I've got an im
portant announcement to make.我有件重要事情要宣布。2 [U]
the act of announcing something 宣布，发表，通告： The an-
nouncement of the trade figures was delayed until after the
election.贸易数字推迟到选举以后公布
an.nounc.er /e`naunse; e'naunse/ n a person who reads news
or introduces people, acts etc, especially on radio or television
〔电台、电视台的〕广播员，播音员，节目主持人
an.noy /e`noi; e'noi/ v [T] to make (someone) a little angry or
impatient, especially by repeated troublesome actions or
attacks; IRRITATE 使（某人）烦恼，烦扰，打搅： These flies are
annoying me. 这些苍蝇真使我心烦。| I was annoved with him
because he kept interrupting.我对他烦透了，因为他不停地打
断我的话。| an annoying delay令人烦恼的延误 」 It annoyed
me to think how much time we had wasted. 一想到我们已经浪
费了不知多少时间，我便很懊恼。
USAGE 用法说明 Things that make you fairly angry
annoy you, irritate you.被某事激怒时，你可以说它 annov
you(令你烦恼)，irritate you(令你生气) or, less commonly.
或较少用的provoke you(刺激你)，incense you(激怒你)，
or或 rile you(惹恼你)。In informal speech they can also be
said to aggravate you, but some people do not like this use
of the word. 在非正式用语中也可以说 aggravate you(骚
扰你)，不过有些人不喜欢这种用法。- see also 另见 AG
GRAVATE (USAGE). You find these things annoying.
irritating, provoking, or aggravating. Things which make
you very angry infuriate you, and you find them infuriat.
ing.令你生气的事，你会感到它们 annoying,irritating,
provoking,或 aggravating。当你被某事惹得非常生气时，
你可说它 infuriate you(令你愤慨)，你会觉得这事 infuri
ating(令人恼火)。
an·noy.ance /e`noiens; e'noiens/n 1 [U] the feeling of being
annoyed 烦恼，困扰： “Go away!”she replied with annoyance
“走开！”她厌烦地回答说。2 [C] something which causes this
令人烦恼的事物：The noisy traffic is a continual annoyance
交通噪音一直是令人烦恼的事
an-nu.al1/aenjuel; 'aenjuel/ adj1 (happening, appearing etc
every year or once a year 每年的，一年一次的： an annual event
festivallconvention 一年一次的大事；一年一度的欢乐节；年会
2 of or for one year 一年 （时间）的： What's your annual salary?
你的年薪是多少？ - see also 另见 AGM - ~ly adv
annual2n 1 a plant that lives for only one year or season 一年生
[一季生]植物 - compare 比较 BIENNIAL 2 a book produced
once each year having the same title but containing different
stories, pictures, information etc 年刊，年报，年鉴：the Foot-
ball Annual for 1993 1993年足球年刊
annual ac.counts /..'/ n [P] a company's financial state-
ment including the PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT and the BAL-
ANCE SHEET. In Britain, public limited companies （ PUBLIC LIM-
ITED COMPANY) and in the US, CORPORATIONs must, by law.
produce annual accounts for people to see.年度决算〔一种公司
财务报表，包括损益账和资产负债表。英国的公开股份有限公司和
美国的股份有限公司根据法律都必须制定年度决算〕
annual meet·ing /· '·/ n AmE for【美】= AGM
annual re-port /.·..'/ n the report which a company sends to
its SHAREHOLDERS each year, which may include annual ac-
counts年报，年度报告〔公司每年向股东递交的报告，有时也包括
年度决算〕
annual re-turn/..'/ n a tax form that self-employed people
in Britain complete each year, giving details of their income
etc, so that the amount of tax they must pay can be calculated
年度所得税申报表〔英国个体经营者每年填写的一种纳税申报表，
上报他们的收入等详细情况，以便计算他们必须上交的税额〕
an.nu.i.ty /e`nuetr; e'nju:ti/ n a fixed sum of money paid each
year to a person for a stated number of years or until death年
金；（每年的）养老金：pension annuities 退休年金
an·nul /e`nvl; e'nvl/ v-ll- [T] tech to cause (a marriage, agree-
ment, law etc) to no longer exist and to have no legal force.
Catholics are not allowed to DIVORCE, but there are sometimes
reasons for annulling a marriage,【术语】解除〔婚约〕：废止〔契
约、法律〕；取消〔天主教徒不准离婚，但有时出于某种原因可以解
除婚约〕 - see also 另见 RESCIND - ~ment n [C;U]
An·nun.ci.a.tion, the /e,nvnsi`efen; e nvnsi'eifan/ n the oc
casion (celebrated by Christians on 25 March) on which the
ANGEL(1) GABRIEL appeared and told the Virgin MARY that
she would bear the baby Jesus Christ (JESUS1)天使传报；圣母
领报〔指天使加百列现身向童贞女马利亚传报她将因圣灵感孕而怀
上耶稣基督。纪念日在3月25日〕
an·ode /`aenod; 'aeneud/ also 又作 positive pole - n tech the
part of an electrical instrument (such as a BATTERY) which col-
lects ELECTRONS, often a rod or wire represented by the sign
(+)【术语】正极，阳极〔用“+”表示〕- compare 比较CATHODE
an.o.dyne'/aene dain; 'aenedain/ adj often derog unlikely to
offend or annoy anyone; BLAND【常贬】不会冒犯任何人的，四
平八稳的： After their meeting, the two leaders produced an
anodyne statement that didn't really say anything at all.两位
领导人会晤后，发表了一篇四平八稳的、没有什么实际内容的声明。
anodyne2n fml something which comforts a troubled mind or
turns the attention away from more important matters【正式】
给人以安慰的事物，缓和情绪之物
a.noint /e`noint; e'noint/ v [T (with)] to put oil on (a person.
head, or body), especially in a religious ceremony(尤指宗教仪
式中〕涂油于〔人头或人身)： The priest anointed her with oil
神父在她身上涂油。| [+obj+n] They anointed him king. (=put
oil on him as a formal sign that he had become king)他们为国
王登基举行涂油仪式。- ~ment n[C;U]
a·nom·a·ly /e`nameli; e'npmeli/ n fml【正式】1 [C] a person
thing, or situation that is different from the usual or accepted
type 畸形人[物]；异常现象： A cat with no tail is an anomaly.
0056
没有尾巴的猫是只畸形猫。|a statistical anomaly 统计上的反
常现象2[U] unusual irregularity 异常，反常；不规则：The
anomaly of his position is that he is the chairman of the com-
mittee but isn't allowed to yote.他的地位很怪，虽是委员会主
席，可是没有投票表决权。- -lous adj: in an anomalous posi-
tion 处于反常地位 - -lously ady
a.non'/e`nan; e'non/ adv old use or poet in a short time; soon
【旧或诗】不久，未几 - see also 另见 ever and anon (EVER)
anon2 abbrey, for 缩写= (especially at the end of a poem, letter
etc)annoymous〔用于诗、信末尾〕无名氏；作者不详的；匿名的
an·o·nym·i.ty /ene`nimeti;aene'nimati/ n [U] the condition
of being anonymous 无名，匿名，作者不明： The defendants
anonymity was maintained until they were brought to court
被告人的姓名一直不公开，直到他们被带上法庭时才予以披露。
a·non.y·mous /e`nanemes; e'nonmes/ adj1 (of a person) with
name unknown 无名的，不具名的： The flowers were sent by
an anonymous admirer.这些花是一位不具名的爱慕者赠送的。
The writer of this article wishes to remain anonymous.这篇
文章的作者希望不署名。2 done or made by someone whose
name is not known or stated 匿名的，不知名的； an anonymous
letter/phone call/bomb threat 匿名信：匿名电话：来源不明的炸
弹恐吓」 The Disaster Fund received an anonymous dona-
tion of ￡5000，救灾基金会收到不具名人士捐赠的5000英镑。-
~ly adv
a.noph.e.les /e`nafe, liz; e'nofli:z/n tech a type of MOSQUITO
especially the sort that spreads MALARIA【术语】疟蚊
an-o-rak /ane rak; 'aeneraek/ n especially BrE【尤英】1 a short
coat with a HOOD (=a cover for the head) made of material tha
keeps out the wind and rain 带兜帽的短风雨衣 2 BrE infmi
derog someone who has a great interest in a particular subject
and is very interested in all the boring facts and details about
t. A typical example of an anorak is a TRAINSPOTTER
(=someone who watches trains going into and out of stations
and collects their numbers), and people who like this are thought
to be very unfashionable and to behave in an awkward way in
social situations.【英，非正式，贬】爱钻牛角尖的人〔指对某一特定
事物及其枯燥的事实细节特别感兴趣的人。在火车站点算进出火
车数目的人就是一个典型。这些人被认为不合潮流，处世古怪〕
an·o·rex·i·a /，aene`raksie;,aene'reksie/ also 又作 anorexia
ner·vo·sa /na'vose; n3:'veuse/ - n [U] tech a serious illness
in which there is loss of the desire for food and refusal to eat
The disease is suffered especially by young women, who feel
that they are unattractive because they are too fat, even when
they are not. Some people believe that anorexia is partly caused
by Western Society's belief that thin people are more attractive
【术语】（神经性）厌食症，食欲缺乏症[年轻女子尤容易患这种疾
病，她们认为自己因过于肥胖而不漂亮。有些人认为产生这种疾病
部分是由于西方社会认为人瘦显得漂亮这个观念所致〕-see also
另见 EATING DISORDER
an.o.rex.ic /.aene`reksik;aene'reksik/n, adj (a person) suffer-
ing from anorexia 患厌食症的人；厌食的
*an.oth.er /e`nad; e'nder/ determiner, pron 1 (being) one
more of the same kind 同类的另一个； Have another drink and
another of these cakes. 再来一杯饮料，多吃一块这种蛋糕。| He
finished his sausage and asked for another (one).他吃完自己
那份香肠又再要了一份。| He poured out yet another drink
(=he had already had several)他又倒了一杯饮料。2 more; in
addition; FURTHER2(2) 再一，又一： If you want a double room
that will cost another ￡15.如果要双人房间，你还要再付15英
镑。| In another two weeks we'll be on holiday.再过两个星期
我们就要度假了。3 a different one: some other 另外一个：其他
种： There must be another way of doing it.一定有别的方法
做这件事。| She lost her book and borrowed one from an-
other girl/from another of the girls.她丢了书，于是向另外一
个女孩借了一本。 I'm in a hurry now; I'll do it another time
现在我要赶时间，我将另找时间做这件事。| They asked the ad-
vice of an outsider so as to get another perspective on the
problem.他们征求局外人的意见，以便了解对这个问题的不同看
法。| one law for the rich and another for the poor 一种法律
为富人，另一种为穷人」 It tastes delicious, but whether it' s
good for you is another matter altogether! (=it probably is
not good for you)它美味极了，不过对你是否有益，就完全是另
一回事了。- see also 另见 ONE ANOTHER; see 参见 OTHER
(USAGE)
A N Oth.er /e En `o;er en 'Oe/ BrE【英】 also又作 ANO
another person whose name is not known 还有一位不知名者
The classes will be taught by Joanne Brown. Robert Smith
and AN Other.这些班级将由乔安妮·布朗、罗伯特·史密斯和一
位不知其名的老师任教
An.ou.ilh /a`nuje; 'aenu:i:/, Jean /3an; 3on/ (1910-1987)a
French writer of plays, including Antigone and Becket 阿努伊
〔(1910-1987)，法国剧作家，作品有《安提戈涅》和《贝克特》〕
An-schluss /`anflus; 'aenflus/ n the taking over of Austria by
Hitler's Germany in 1938德奥合并〔指1938年希特勒统治下
德国对奥地利的吞并〕
ANSI /`aensi; 'aensi/ abbrev. for 缩写= American National Stan-
dards Institute; an organization in the US which sets the stan-
dards used for testing the quality and safety of electronic
equipment, scientific equipment etc. It has also established a
standard set of letters and numbers called the ANSI character
set, which is used in computers that use WINDOWS.美国国家标
准协会〔美国一组织，制定测试电子仪器和科学设备的质量及安全
性能的标准。它还制定了一套叫做“美国国家标准协会字符集”的
标准字符代码，用于安装了“视窗”的电脑中〕
*an·swer1 /`aense; 'a:nse/ n 1 [C (to)] what is said, written, or
done as a result of someone asking a question, sending a letter
etc; reply 回答，答复： a written/spoken answer 书面[口头]答
复 」an officiallunofficial answer 正式[非正式]答复」Al-
though I wrote a month ago, I've had no answer (to my letter)
yet.我虽然一个月前发了信，但至今还未收到回信。|We've
made her an offer and we're now waiting for an answer.我
们已向她提出建议，现在正等待答复。| I rang the doorbell but
there was no answer. 我按了门铃，但无人应门。| In answer
to my shouts people ran to help. 我一叫喊，大家就跑来帮忙。
His only answer to their threat was to laugh. 他对他们的威胁
只是报以大笑。」 a question-and-answer session with the
leader of the Democrats 同民主党领袖开的答问会 」 She gave/
made no answer to his questions. 她没回答他的问题。2 [C
something which is discovered as a result especially of thinking
calculating etc; SOLUTION 答案，解答： The answer was 279. 答
案是279。| the correct/wrong answer 正确[错误]的答案|
There are no easy answers to the problem of unemployment
对付失业问题没有简单易行的办法。|(fig.喻)I'm getting too
fat -- the only answer is to eat less.我越来越胖 -- 惟一的解
决办法是少吃东西。3[C] a piece of usually written work to
show knowledge or ability, e.g. in an examination 答卷： Please
write your answers on both sides of the paper,请在考卷的两
面写出你们的答案。4 [S+to] a person or thing that is regarded
as equal or similar to someone or something from another place:
EQUIVALENT 相似；相符，相等的人或物：He's been described
as Scotland's answer to Frank Sinatra. 他被人们说成是苏格
兰的弗兰克·西纳特拉。5 someone won't take no for an an-
swer also 又作 someone refuses to take no for an answer
used in order to say that someone keeps trying to get or do
what they want even though other people will not agree to it某
人不许别人说“不”，某人不达目的誓不罢休： You're coming with
me, and I won't take no for an answer. 你同我一起去，可不许
说“不”哦。| The type of guy who refuses to take no for an
answer has always been a hero in Hollywood films,好莱坞影
片中，不达目的誓不罢休的那种人常常是英雄。
*answer2v1 [I; T] to give an answer (to); reply (to)回答，答复
Why didn't you answer (me)?你为什么不答复（我）？| The
President answered the reporters' questions,总统回答了记
者的问题。2 [T+that; obi] to say as an answer 口头回答： I
asked her the time, but she answered that she didn't know.我
问她几点钟了，但她回答说她不知道。|“I don't know,”she
answered.“我不知道，”她回答说。3 [I;T (with)] to do some-
thing as a reply (to)以行动回答： She answered me with an
angry look. 她对我报以怒视。4 [I; T] to act in reply to (a sign
such as a telephone ringing or a knock on a door)对〔电话铃声
或敲门声等)回应： I knocked at the door but no one answered
我敲门，但无人应门。| The phone's ringing -— shall I answer
it? (=pick it up)电话铃响了 —— 我去接好吗？| a telephone
answering machine 电话自动应答机 5 [T] to give an explana-
tion in reply to (a charge or argument)答辩： How would you
answer the criticism that your government has increased the
level of taxation?你如何回答人们对政府提高税收标准的批评？
6 [I+to; T] to be as described in; fit; CORRESPOND to 符合： He
answers (to) the description given by the police, so he must
be the criminal.他和警察提供的相貌特征相符，因此他肯定是那
个罪犯。7 [T] fiml to be satisfactory for; fulfil 【正式】满足： This
machinery will answer the company's needs very well.这台
机器完全可以满足公司的需要。[ The new government just
didn't answer our hopes.新政府辜负了我们的期望。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 answer, reply,re-
spond, retort, and 和 rejoin. Answer and reply are the
usual verbs for answering questions; respond (fml)
means the same thing but is less common.表示回答问
0057
题时，answer 和 reply 是两个常用的动词，respond〔正式〕
和它们的意思相同，但不如它们常用：“Are you coming?”
“Yes,”he answered/replied/re-sponded.(“你来吗？”“来
的。”他答道。) With an object we use 有宾语时，用 answer.
reply to, respond to: We must answer/reply to/respond
to these questions as soon as possible. （我们必须尽快回
答这些问题。)Retort or rejoin (rare) mean ‘to answer
showing disagreement'and are usually used when report-
ing the actual words spoken. Retort 或 rejoin 〔罕)的意思
是“回答时表示不同意”，通常在重述实际上说过的话时使用：
\"Are you ready?” \"Why should I be ready when you're
not?”she retorted.(“你准备好了吗？”“你还没准备好，为什
么要我准备好？”她回嘴说。)
answer (sbdy.) back phr y [I; T no pass.无被动语态] infml
(especially of children talking to adults) to reply rudely (to)
【非正式】（尤指小孩对大人）无礼回嘴，顶嘴： Don't answer (your
grandmother) back; it's not polite.不要（跟你祖母）顶嘴，那
是不礼貌的。
answer for sbdy./sthg. phr v [T (to)] 1 to accept responsibil-
ity for 对·负责： I will answer (to you) for his safety. 我将对
他的安全（向你）负责。- compare 比较 ACCOUNT for(1.2)
2 to pay, suffer, or be punished as a result of 承受··的后果[报
应]： You will have to answer for your violent behaviour in
court.你得对自己在法庭上的暴力行为承担后果。| It was his
policies that got the country into this mess-he's got a lot to
answer for! (=he deserves the blame for a lot of things)他的
政策使这个国家陷入混乱—他在许多事情上应受到谴责
answer to sthg. phr v[T] 1 to act in reply to; obey 对··有反
应；顺从：The dog answers to his name.那条狗听到自己的名字
就有反应。2 answer to the name of pomp or humor to be
called【夸张或幽默】叫做，名叫： They had an old servant, who
answered to the name of Brown. 他们有位老仆人，叫做布朗。
an·swer·a·ble /enserebl; 'a:nsarebal/ adj 1 [F (to, for)] hav
ing to explain or defend one's actions; responsible; ACCOUN
TABLE 说明理由的；承担责任的： I am answerable to the gov-
ernment for any decision I make.我作出任何决定都向政府负
责。2 able to be answered 可以回答的 -- -bly ady - -bility
/aensere`bileti;a:nsere'bilti/n[U]
answering ma·chine /'· ·，/ also 又作 answerphone  a
machine attached to a telephone which records messages when
one is unable to answer the telephone 电话答录机〔接在电话机
上，无人接电话时能录下留言的机器〕
an·swer·phone also 又作 answer phone aense-fon; 'a:nsefeun/
n BrE a telephone ANSWERING MACHINE【英】电话答录机： I lefi
a message on her answerphone.我在她的电话答录机上留了言。
ant /aent; aent/ n a small insect living on the ground in large
social groups and known for hard work 蚂蚁
an·tag.o.nis.m /aen`taege nizem; aen'taegenizam/n [C; U (to,
towards)](an example of) active opposition or hatred, espe-
cially between people or groups 对抗，敌对： religious/ethnic
antagonism 宗教[种族]对立」 their obvious antagonism to-
wards this proposal 他们对这个建议所持的明显对抗态度
an.tag.o.nist /aen`taegenist; aen'taegenst/ n a person who is
opposed to another, especially actively; opponent; ADVERSARY
对立[对抗]者；对手，敌手 - compare 比较 PROTAGONIST
ic /aen taege`nistik; aen taege'nistik/ adj [(to, towards)] -
~ically /-kli; -kli/ adv
an·tag·o·nize also 又作 -nise BrE【英】/aen`taege,naiz; aen'taegenaiz/
ν [T] to cause to become an enemy or opponent 使成为敌人；引
起·敌对[对抗]：His rudeness only antagonizes people
(=makes them dislike him)他的粗暴只能惹人反感
Ant.arc.tic, the /aent`arktik; aen'ta:ktik/ n the most southerr
part of the Earth, including Antarctica and parts of the Pacific
and Atlantic Oceans 南极地区〔地球的最南端，包括南极洲以及
太平洋和大西洋的一部分) - compare 比较 ARCTIC - Antarc
tic adj
Ant.arc.tic.a /aen`tarktike; aen'ta:ktike/ the CONTINENT which
is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly
covered with ice 南极洲〔地球上最南端的大陆，几乎全为冰所覆
盖〕- see also 另见 SOUTH POLE
Antarctic Cir.cle, the /···/ an imaginary line around the
Earth at a certain distance from the SOUTH POLE, the most south-
ern point of the Earth. In the area south of the Antarctic Circle
the days and nights are continuously light in the middle of the
summer, and in the middle of the winter continuously dark,南
极圈〔地球表面以南极为中心的一条假想线，该圈以南地区仲夏全
是白天，仲冬则全是黑夜)- compare 比较 ARCTIC CIRCLE
Antarctic O.cean, the /.'./ the area of sea south of the
Antarctic Circle. It is not officially recognized as an ocean.
极海〔南极圈以南的海域。这片海域没有得到正式承认〕
an·te1 /^`aenti; 'aenti/ n 1 [C usually sing. 一般用单数] an amount
that is risked in the card game of POKER; a STAKE' (4)（赌纸牌
下的)赌注： a ￡2 ante 两镑赌注 2 [the+S] infml, especially AmE
an amount paid; price【非正式，尤美】已付金额；分担额： an at-
tempt to up the ante 企图提高分担额；想增加赌注
ante2v
ante up (sthg.) phr v-ted or-teed,-teing [I; T] AmE infml
to pay (an amount of money), especially in a game of chance;
to provide (one's share of the money)【美，非正式】付账〔尤指
赌账〕)：付出，支付分担额
ante-- see参见 WORD FORMATION
ant·eat.er /aent ite; 'aent,i:te/ n an animal that eats ants, espe-
cially one with a long sticky tongue 食蚁兽
an·te·ced·ent'/aente`sidnt;aent'si: dant/ n 1 fiml an event that
comes before or causes another event【正式】发生在前的事；先
例 2 tech (in grammar) the word, phrase, or sentence that is
represented by another word such as a PRONOUN. In the sen
tence 'I saw John and spoke to him'. John is the antecedent of
him.【术语】〔语法〕先行词，前述词<例如在下列句子中I saw John
and spoke to him, John 就是 him 的先行词)
antecedent2 adj [(to)] fml coming or being before 【正式】在前
的，在先的，先行的
an·te.ced·ents /，aente`sidnts;aent'si:dants/ n [P] fml past fam-
ily or past history 【正式】祖先；身世；经历： a person of unknown
antecedents 一个来历不明的人
an·te·cham·ber /aenti,tfembe;'aenti,tfeimbe/ also 又作 an-
teroom - n a small room leading to a larger one 〔通往较大房
间的〕前厅，外室
an·te.date /`aenti det; 'aentideit/ v [T] 1 to be earlier in histroy
than〔在历史上)比··为早，先于，早于： This old carriage ante·
dates the invention of the car.这种老式四轮马车在汽车发明之
前就有了。2 to write a date earlier than the date of writing on
(a letter,cheque etc)在〔信件、支票等)上填写比实际书写日期
早的日期 - compare 比较 POSTDATE, BACKDATE
an·te·di·lu·vi.an /aentidi`ljuvien;aentid'lu:vien/adj humor
very old-fashioned; OUTDATED【幽】古老的；过时的： antediluvian
ideas about marriage 对于婚姻的陈旧看法
an.te.lope /`aentl op; 'aentleup/n-lopes or lope a graceful
grass-eating animal that has horns and is able to run very fast
羚羊
ante me.rid·i.em /，enti me`ridi,sm; aenti me'ridiem/ adv fml
rare for【正式，罕】= AM
an·te na tal /aenti`netl;enti'neitl√ BrE【英】‖ also 又作 pre-
natal AmE【美】 -- adj tech of or for the time before a birth
【术语】出生前的： antenatal care 产前保健 | An antenatal clinic
is a place where women who are expecting babies go for
medical examinations and exercises.产前诊所是孕妇接受医
疗检查和做运动的地方。- compare 比较 POSTNATAL
an.ten.na /aen`teno; aen'tene/ n 1 (pl. -nae /-ni; -ni:/) a long
thin sensitive hairlike organ, usually growing in pairs, on the
heads of some insects and CRUSTACEANS (=animals that live
in shells), and used to feel with; FEELER 触角；触须 2 (pl. -nas)
especially AmE for【尤美】= AERIAL 天线： a television antennd
电视天线
an·ter·ior /aen`tirie; aen'tierie/ adj[no comp.无比较级] 1 [F+to]
fml earlier (than); before;PRIOR【正式】较··早的；在··以前的：
先前的 2 [A](in BIOLOGY) nearer the front 〔生物学〕近前面[前
部、前端]的- opposite 反义词 posterior
an·te·room /`aenti rum; 'aentirum/n1 an ANTECHAMBER〔通往
较大房间的〕前室 2 a WAITING ROOM 接待室
an.them /aen0em; 'aen0am/n 1 a religious song to be sung in a
church, especially by a CHOIR, often with words taken from
the Bible 〔教堂里唱的〕圣歌，赞美诗 2 any ceremonial song of
praise 颂歌，赞歌 - see also 另见 NATIONAL ANTHEM
an.ther /aen0a; 'aen0e/ n the part of a male flower which con-
tains POLLEN (=the substance that makes the female flower bear
fruit or seeds)〔雄蕊的〕花药，花粉囊
ant.hill /aent hil; 'aent, hil/ n a raised mass of earth, little pieces
of wood etc, in which ants live 蚁丘，蚁冢
an.thol.o.gy /aen`0aled3i; aen'0pled3i/ n a collection of poems
or other writings, often on the same subject, that have been
chosen from different books or writers〔诗、文等的〕选集 -
compare 比较 OMNIBUS(1) - -gist n
An·tho.ny /aenteni; 'aenteni/, Su.san B. /suzn; 'su:zan/ (1820-
1906) a US woman who tried to help women get the right to
vote. She is the only woman whose picture, which appears on
the dollar coin, has been used on US money.安东尼〔(1820
1906),帮助妇女争取选举权的一位美国女子，一美元硬币上有她
0058
的肖像。她是惟一一位肖像出现在美国钱币上的女子)
an.thra.cite /`aen0re sait; 'aen0resait/ n [U] a very hard kind of
coal that burns slowly and without smoke 无烟煤
an·thrax /`aen0raeks; 'aen0raeks/ n [U] a serious disease which
attacks cattle, sheep, and sometimes humans炭疽（病）〔牛羊
的传染病，有时也会传给人〕
an.thro.po.cen.tric /en0repe`santrik; aen0repeu'sentrik/ adj
fml regarding human existence as the most important and cen-
tral fact in the world【正式】以人类为宇宙中心的，人类中心说的
~ally /-kli;-kli/ adv
an.thro.poid /aen0re poid; 'aen0repoid/ adj1 [A] (of an animal)
like a person （动物）似人的： anthropoid apes such as the chim-
panzee and the gorilla 类人猿诸如黑猩猩和大猩猩等 2 infml
derog (of a person) like a monkey【非正式，贬】〔人〕猴子似的
an·thro·pol·o·gy /aen0re`paled3i;,aen0re'ppled3i/n [U] the
scientific study of the human race, including its different types
and its beliefs, social habits and organization etc 人类学
compare 比较 ETHNOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY - -gist n - -gical
aen0repe`lad3ikl; aen0repe'lod3ikel adj --gically /-kli
-kli/ adv
an.thro.po.mor.phic /aen0repe`morfik;,aen0repe'mo:fik/adj
fml (of a god or animal) having the form or qualities of a person
【正式】〔神、动物〕有人形[人性]的：拟人的
an·thro·po·mor·phis·m /aen0repe`morfizem;,aen0repe
'mo:fizam/ n [U] fml or tech the idea that gods or animals have
human forms or qualities【正式或术语】拟人说；神或动物与人同
形[同性]论
anti- - see 参见 WORD FORMATION
an·ti·air.craft /aentr`er kraeft;,aenti'eokra:ft/ adj [A] (especially
of gunfire) directed against enemy aircraft〔尤指炮火〕防空的
antiaircraft missiles防空导弹
An-tibes /an`tib; on'ti:b/ a city in SE France on the Mediterra
nean coast, known for being a fashionable place for holidays
昂蒂布〔位于法国东南部地中海沿岸的一个度假胜地〕 - see also
另见 the RIVIERA
an·ti·bi.ot·ic /entibai`atik;,aentibai'otik/n a medical
substance, such as PENICILLIN, that is produced by living things
and is able to destroy or stop the growth of harmful bacteria
that have entered the body 抗生素，抗菌素： a course of antibi
otics to clear an infection 使用抗菌素消除感染的一个疗程 -
antibiotic adj
anti·body /'aenti badi; 'aenti, bodi/ n a substance produced in
the body which fights against disease 抗体
An·ti.christ, the /`aenti kraist; 'aenti,kraist/ in the Christian
religion, a great enemy of Christ who represents the power of
evil and is expected to appear just before the end of the world
敌基督〔基督教所称代表邪恶的基督大敌，将在世界末日之前出
现〕
an.tic.i.pate /aen`tise pet; aen'tispeit/ v [T] 1 to think likely to
happen; expect 预期，期望： Are you anticipating any trouble
when the factory opens again?工厂重新开工时你预料会有麻
烦吗？ | [+y-ing/that] We anticipate meeting/that we will meet
a certain amount of resistance to our plan.我们预料我们的计
划会遇到一些人的反对。| an anticipated growth rate of 4.2%
4.2%的预期增长率 2 to guess or imagine in advance (what
will happen)and take the necessary action in order to be ready
预料到〔会发生某事〕而做好准备，预防：I tried to anticipate the
kind of questions they were likely to ask me at the interview.
我设法事先预测一下他们在会见时可能向我提出的问题。
[+wh-] In business, you've got to anticipate how your com-
Detitors will act.在生意上,你必须事先估计到你的竞争对手会
如何行动。| [+that] We anticipated that the enemy would try
to cross the river, so we destroyed the bridge. 我们预料到敌
人可能设法过河，所以把桥破坏了。3 to do something before
(someone else)抢在（他人）之前，先于··前行动： We anticipated
our competitors by getting our book into the shops first.我们
抢在竞争对手之前先把书送往书店出售。4 fml to consider
mention, or make use of before the proper time【正式】预先考
虑：提前使用； It is unwise to anticipate your earnings by spend-
ing a lot of money.大量花钱提前使用自己的收入是不明智的，
--patory /aen`tisepe,tori; aen, tis'peitari/ adj
□USAGE 用法说明 Although anticipate is commonly
used to mean 'expect', this is thought by some teachers to
be incorrect.虽然 anticipate 通常用来表示“expect”的意
思，但一些教师认为这是不正确的。
an.tic.i·pa.tion /aen,tise`pefen; aen,tis'peifan/ n [U (of)] the
act of anticipating 预期，预料；期望；抢先，占先： I had taken my
coat and umbrella in anticipation of rain.我预料要下雨，所
以带上了外套和雨伞。| The crowd waited outside the theatre
in eager anticipation.人群抱着热切的期望在剧场外面等候。
an.ti.cler.i.cal /aenti`klarikl; aenti'klerikal/ adj opposed to the
influence of priests in public and political life反对教权的
~ism n [U]
an·ti·cli·max /aenti`klaimaeks;,aenti'klaimaeks/ n 1 something
unexciting, ordinary, or disappointing coming after something
important or exciting〔重要性、兴致等〕突降；令人突然泄气之事
To be back in the office after climbing mountains for a week
was a bit of an anticlimax.爬山爬了一星期后再回来坐办公室，
真是有点扫兴。2 a sudden often funny change from something
noble, serious, exciting etc, to something foolish, unimportant.
or uninteresting, especially in a speech or piece of formal
writing〔修辞上的〕高潮突降法〔从高尚、严肃、兴奋的主题突然转
入荒谬、平淡或乏味的内容〕 - see also 另见 CLIMAX
an·ti·clock·wise /enti`klkwaiz:aenti'klpkwaiz/ BrE【英】‖
counterclockwise AmE【美】 - adj, adv in the opposite direc-
tion to the movement of the hands of a clock 逆时针方向的
[地]： To remove the lid, turn it anticlockwise.要打开盖子，请
把它按逆时针方向转动。- opposite 反义词 clockwise
AI
nti-Corn Law League, the`/. '.·，·/ a group of people, led
by Richard Cobden and John Bright, who protested against the
corn laws in Britain in the 1840s 反谷物法同盟〔19世纪40年
代由理查德·科布登和约翰·布赖特领导的反对英国谷物法的一个
团体〕
an-tics /`aentiks; 'aentiks/ n [P] strange or foolish behaviour that
is usually regarded with disapproval 古怪或可笑的举动：The
public eventually grew tired of his antics on the tennis court.
他在网球场上的古怪动作，终于使观众感到厌烦
an·ti·cy.clone /，enti`saiklon;,aenti'saikleun/ n tech a mass of
air that is heavy, causing calm weather, either hot or cold, in
the area over which it moves 【术语】反气旋，高气压 - see also
另见CYCLONE
an·ti·de·pres.sant /aentidi`prasnt;,aentidi'presant/ n a type of
drug used in the treatment of DEPRESSION抗抑郁药
an·ti·dote /`aenti,dot; 'aentideut/ n [(to)] a substance that stops
a poison working inside a person or prevents the bad effects of
a disease 解毒剂： a dangerous poison for which there is no
known antidote 没有解毒剂能解的危险毒药 」 (fig.喻) Do you
think there is any antidote to the nation's economic troubles?
你认为有什么方法可以缓解国家的经济难题吗？
an·ti·freeze /，aenti`friz; 'aentifri:z/ n [U] a chemical substance
put in water to stop it from freezing in very cold weather, used
especially in car engines〔尤指汽车发动机用的〕防冻剂，抗凝剂
an·ti·gen /aented3en; 'aentid3en/ n a harmful substance such as
a bacterium or VIRUS which causes the body to produce anti-
bodies(ANTIBODY) to fight it 抗原〔能使身体内产生抗体的物
质〕
An.tig.o.ne /aen`tigeni; aen'tigeni/ in ancient Greek stories, a
daughter of OEDIPUS who is told by King Creon that she can-
not bury her dead brother. She cannot decide whether she should
obey the king or do what she believes to be morally and reli-
giously right. She finally decides to disobey the king, and kills
herself before he can punish her. Her story is the subject of the
play Antigone by SOPHOCLES.安提戈涅〔古希腊传说中俄狄浦
斯的女儿，国王克瑞翁下令不准她埋葬死去的兄弟，在国王的旨意
与道义、教义间徘徊许久后，她最终决定违背国王，并且在国王还
没来得及惩罚她之前就已自杀身亡。该故事成为索福克勒斯的剧
本《安提戈涅》的主题〕
An.ti.gua /aen`tige; aen'ti:ge/ an island in the Caribbean Sea.
which is part of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. Popu-
lation: 65,900 (1996). Capital: St. John's. Antigua and Barbuda
includes the islands of Antigua, Barbuda, and Redonda.安提
瓜岛〔加勒比海一岛屿，属安提瓜和巴布达（国名）。人口：65.900
(1996),首都：圣约翰。安提瓜和巴布达由3个岛组成：安提瓜、
巴布达和雷东达) - Antiguan n, adj
an·ti·her.o /，aenti`hiro; 'aenti,hiareu/ n -oes the main character
in a work of literature, who is represented as being no braver,
stronger, or cleverer than ordinary people非英雄主角，反英雄
〔指文学作品中缺乏传统英雄品格的主角) - compare 比较 HERO
an·ti·his.ta·mine /，aenti`histe,min;,aenti'histemi:n/ n [C; U] a
chemical substance that is used in the treatment of colds and
allergies(ALLERGY)〔治疗感冒和过敏症的〕抗组（织）胺剂
an·ti·knock /，aenti`nak;,aenti'nok/ n [U] a chemical substance
that is added to petrol to make car engines run smoothly, with
out knocking(KNOCK'(4)(加于汽车汽油中使发动机运作顺畅，
防止震动的〕抗震剂，抗爆剂
an·ti·log·a·rith·m /，aenti`loge,rioem;,aenti'logeriǒam/ also又
作 an·ti·log /`aenti lag; 'aentilog/ n infml the number whose
LOGARITHM is a stated number【非正式】反对数，逆对数：The
0059
antilogarithm of 2 is 100 because 102=100.2的反对数是 100
因为10的平方等于100。
an·ti·ma.cas·sar/aentime`kaese;aentime'kaese/n a piece of
cloth put on the back of a chair, as a decoration and to protect
it from marks left by hair oil. Antimacassars were widely used
in the past, but are now considered old-fashioned.〔为装饰或防
污的〕椅背巾〔过去椅背巾用得很多，但现在被视为过时了〕
an.ti·mat.ter/`aenti maete; 'aenti,maete/ n [U] matter which is
made up of antiparticles 反物质〔由反粒子构成)
an·ti·nu.cle.ar/aenti`njuklie;aenti'nju:klie/ adj opposing the
use of atomic power (for producing electricity) and the pro-
duction and use of atomic weapons 反核的； an antinuclear dem-
onstration 反核示威」the antinuclear movement 反核运动
an·ti·par·ti·cle/`aenti,partikl; 'aenti,pa:tikel/n an ELEMENTARY
PARTICLE(=very small unit of matter in an atom) that carries
the opposite electrical charge of the matter usually found in
atoms. Antiparticles are very rare in the known parts of the
universe but they can be made in special scientific tests.反粒
子〔与原子中一般物质的电荷相反的一种基本粒子。反粒子在宇宙
已知部分中非常稀有，但是可以通过特殊的科学试验获得〕
an-ti·pas.to/aentipasto; 'aentipaesteu/ n-tos or -ti /-ti;-ti:/ It a
dish of usually cold food, eaten before the main dish of a meal
【意】意大利餐前小吃〔常为凉菜〕
an·ti·pa·thet·ic/aen tipe`0tik;entipe'0etik/ adj[(to)] feeling
causing, or showing antipathy 厌恶的；反感的： He has always
been strongly antipathetic to the views of the women's movement
他对妇女运动的主张历来有强烈的反感。- ~ally /-klr; -kli/ adv
an·tip·a·thy/aen`tipe0i; aen'tipe0i/ n [C; U(to, towards)](an
example of) a fixed and strong dislike or opposition; AVER-
SION反感，厌恶： the President's well-known antipathy towards
trade unions,总统对工会持有的那种尽人皆知的反感
an·ti·per·son·nel/enti.p3se`ncl;entip3:se'nel/ adjeuph(of
bombs)intended to hurt people, not destroy property, by ex-
ploding into small pieces【婉】（炸弹）用于杀伤人的，杀伤性的
an·ti·per.spirant/aenti`p3sperent;,enti'p3:sprent/n a chemi-
cal substance that helps to stop the skin from sweating （ SWEAT)
止汗剂 - compare 比较 DEODORANT
An·tip·o.des/aen`tipe diz; aen'tipedi:z/ n lit or humor Australia
and New Zealand【文或幽】澳大利亚和新西兰 - Antipodear
/aen,tipe`dien;aentipe'di:en/adj
an·ti.quar.i.an'/entikwerien;ent'kwearien/also又作
an·ti·qua.ry /aenti kwari; 'aentkweri/n a person who studies.
collects, or sells antiquities or antiques研究[收藏、出售]古物
的人
antiquarian2 adj of or concerning antiquities or antiques or
people who study, collect, or sell such things 古物的；研究〔收
藏，出售)古物的；an antiquarian bookseller 古书商
an·ti·quat·ed/entekwetid; 'aentkweited/ adj old and not
suited to modern needs or conditions; old-fashioned; OUTDATED
过时的，陈旧的，老式的：antiquated laws/machinery 过时的法
律条文：陈旧的机器
antique'/aen`tik; aen'ti:k/ adj 1 made in an earlier period and
usually valuable 古时制造的，古董的； an antique vase 古董花
瓶 2 [A] fml of or connected with ancient times, especially
ancient Rome or Greece【正式】古代的〔尤指古罗马、古希腊的
antique'n a piece of furniture, decorative obiect, jewellery etc.
that was made in an earlier period and that is rare or valuable
古董，古玩，古物：The palace is full of priceless antiques. 宫殿
里到处都是无价的古玩。| an antique dealer 古玩商
Antiques Road·show, the /../ a British television
programme which is filmed in a different British city every
week, where the local people bring ANTIQUEs such as olc
jewellery, furniture, or paintings in order to find out how much
they are worth《古董一路见》〔英国一电视节目，每周在一个不同
的英国城市内拍摄，当地人拿出旧珠宝、旧家具或旧画等古玩给它
们估价〕
an·tiq·ui·ty/aen`tikweti; aen'tikwti/n 1 [U] the state of being
very old; great age 古老；年代久远： a building of great antig-
uity 一座很古老的建筑物 2 [C; U] (a building, work of art etc,
remaining from) ancient times, especially before the Middle
Ages〔尤指中世纪前流传下来的〕古迹，古物；古代：to photo
graph the antiquities in the museum 为博物馆中的古物拍照
one of the great writers of antiquity 古代伟大的作家之
an.tirrhi.num/,enti`rainem;aent'rainem/ n a SNAPDRAGON
金鱼草
an·ti-Sem·i.tis.m/aenti`sme tizem;aenti'semtizam/n [U]
hatred of Jews 反犹太主义 -- see also 另见 SEMITIC - -Semitic
/-se`mitik; -s'mitik/ adj --Semite /-`semait; -'si:mait/n
an·ti·sep·tic/,aente`septik; aent!'septik/n a chemical substance
that prevents disease in a wound, especially by killing bacteria
防腐剂，杀菌剂，消毒剂- antiseptic adj
an.tiso.cial/ enti`sofel;enti'seufel/ adj1 causing harm to
the way in which people live together peacefully, especially
by showing no concern for other people 反社会的；危害社会安
宁的；违反公益的：Playing music so loud that it annoys every-
one else in the street is antisocial.音乐演奏的声音过大，使街
上其他人受干扰，这是有碍社会安宁的。」antisocial behaviour
反社会行为 2 not liking to mix with other people; UNSOCIABLE
不喜欢社交的，不合群的：Jane's very friendly, but her
husband's rather antisocial.简很友好，不过她的丈夫有点孤僻。
3 damaging to social life; UNSOCIAL 损害社会生活的： antiso-
cial work hours 妨害社会交际活动的工作时间
an.tith.e.sis/aen`ti0esis; aen'ti0ss/n [(the) S(of, to)] finl the
direct opposite【正式】正相反，相对；对立（面）：The antithesis
of death is life. 死亡的对立面是生存。| Their political views
are the complete antithesis of mine. 他们的政治观点同我的正
好相反
an·ti·theti.cal/entr`0atikl;aent!'0etikel/ also 又作 an·ti·thet·ic
/-`08tik; -'0etik/ - adj [(to)] being an antithesis; directly and
completely opposed 正相反的；对立的： Those two ideas are
absolutely antithetical (to each other).这两种主张（彼此）水
火不相容。-- -ically /-kli; -kli/ adv
an·ti·trust law/,enti`trvstlo;,aenti'trvst,lo:/ n [C; U] tech
any law in the US directed against TRUSTS or business mo-
nopolies (MONOPOLY) because of their bad effect on trade【术
语】反托拉斯法；反垄断法〔在美国，针对托拉斯或垄断经营制定的
法律，因为它们会对商业产生不利影响〕- compare 比较 MO-
NOPOLIES AND MERGERS COMMISSION
ant ler/`aentle; 'aentle/ n either of the pair of branched horns of
a STAG(=a male deer)鹿角
Antoinette, Marie - see参见 MARIE ANTOINETTE
An.to.ny/`aenteni; 'aenteni/, Mark(?83-30 BC) an ancient
Roman politician and soldier who supported Julius CAESAR
and after his death became one of the TRIUMVIRATE of three
rulers of the ROMAN EMPIRE. He fell in love with CLEOPATRA
and after they were defeated in battle.they both killed
themselves. He appears in the play ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
by William SHAKESPEARE, and in the play, JULIUS CAESAR, he
makes a famous speech which starts with the words 'Friends,
Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.'安东尼〔（公元前
?83-前30)，古罗马政治家、军人，支持尤利乌斯·凯撒。凯撒死后，
他成为罗马帝国的执政三雄之一。曾爱上克娄巴特拉，战败后双双
自杀。莎士比亚戏剧《安东尼和克娄巴特拉》中有他的故事。在剧
本《尤利乌斯·凯撒》里，他发表了著名的演说，开头一句是：“朋友
们，各位罗马人，同胞们，请听我说·”
Antony and Cle.o.pat.ra /，...../ a play by William
SHAKESPEARE about the relationship between CLEOPATRA, the
queen of Egypt, and the Roman leader Mark ANTONY《安东尼
和克娄巴特拉》〔莎士比亚戏剧，讲述埃及女王克娄巴特拉和罗马
领袖马克·安东尼的爱情故事〕- see Feature on page B24参见
B24页文化特写
an.to.nym/aente nim; 'entenim/n a word that is opposite in
meaning to another word in the same language 反义词，相反词：
‘Pain' is the antonym of 'pleasure'.“痛苦”是“快乐”的反义词。
- compare 比较 SYNONYM
An.trim/aentrim: 'aentrm/ 1 a COUNTY in Northern Ireland 安
特里姆郡〔北爱尔兰郡名〕 - see also另见 ULSTER 2 a town in
Northern Ireland 安特里姆〔北爱尔兰镇名)
An·twerp/aentw3p; 'aentw3:p/ a city and port in N Belgium安
特卫普〔比利时北部港市〕
a.nus/`enes; 'eines/ n med the hole through which solid food
waste leaves the bowels 【医】肛门 - compare 比较 COLON'
RECTUM
an.vil/aenvil: 'aenvl/ n a heavy iron block on which metals are
shaped by hammering 铁砧
anx·i.e·ty/aen`zaieti; aen'zaieti/ n1 [C; U (for, about)] an un
comfortable feeling in the mind usually caused by the fear or
expectation that something bad will happen 焦虑；担心；不安：
There's a lot of anxiety among the staff about possible job
losses,工作人员都很忧虑,担心可能失业。」 We waite with
great anxiety for more news about the accident.我们忧心忡
忡地等待着有关这一事故的更多消息。| Her statement was an
attempt to allay (=lessen) public anxieties about the economic
situation.她的声明是试图减轻公众对经济形势的忧虑。2[C(to)]
a cause of anxiety 焦虑的原因： Her sick child is a great anxi-
ety to her. 她的孩子生病使她十分担忧。3 [U] a feeling of wor-
ried eagerness 渴望： [+to-v] his obvious anxiety to please the
boss他那显然是渴望讨好老板的急切心情
*anx·ious/aenkfes; 'aenkfes/ adj1 [(for, about)] feeling anxiety:
worried and frightened 忧虑[焦虑]的；不安的，担心的： I was
0060
terribly anxious about the children when they didn't come
home from school.孩子放学后没有回家，我非常担心。」 anx
ious for their safety 担心他们的安全 」 anxious inquiries from
relatives of those on board the crashed plane失事飞机上乘客
的亲属焦虑不安的询问 2 causing anxiety; worrying 使人焦虑
的； an anxious wait for the results of our exams 对我们考试成
绩的焦急等待 」It was an anxious time for us.对我们来说这是
个令人焦虑的时刻。3 [F+to-y/thatl having a strong wish mixed
with a feeling of anxiety; eager 渴望··的，急切希望·的： The
government is anxious to reassure everyone that the situa
tion is under control.政府急切地希望使每个人都知道，局势已
得到控制，因而可以放心。| We were anxious that everyone
should know the truth. 我们渴望人人了解实情。| He was anx-
ious for them to go. 他急于要他们走。- see 参见 NERVOUS
(USAGE)-ly adv: She waited anxiously by the phone.她
焦急地等在电话机旁。
*any/ni; 'eni/ determiner, pron 1 every; (of more than two),
no matter which 任何一个；不论哪个： They're al free - take
any(of them) you like.所有的东西都是免费的，你喜欢哪个就
拿哪个。| Any child would know that. 任何一个小孩都知道这
一点。| You can use this printer with any computer/with any
of our computers.用（我们这里的）任何一台电脑，你都能使用
这台打印机。| They haven't arrived yet but we're expecting
them at any moment(=soon)他们还没有到，但我们预料他们
马上就会到的。| The manufacturers will pay the cost of any
repairs in the first 12 months.头12个月的任何修理所需的费
用由厂家支付。2 [usually in questions or negatives 一般用于
疑问或否定句] a some; even the smallest number or amount -
点，一些，少许： Have you got any money?你有没有钱？ | I need
some nails—have you got any?我需要一些钉子，你有吗？
He hasn't got any imagination.他连一点想像力都没有。|The
soldiers fired at the crowd without any reason,士兵无缘无故
地向人群开枪。| I admire her for her determination, but not
for any other reason.我钦佩她是由于她有决心，而不是因为别
的什么原因。| Are there any letters for me?有没有我的信？|
never seem to get any. 我似乎从来没有接到过什么信。(Compare
比较 There are some (letters) for you.有你几封信。) | Come
and see me if you have any time.你若有空就来看我。| It isn't
any uselooking for her; she's already gone home. 找她没有
用，她已经回家了。| Very few people, if any still support this
idea. (=there may be no one who supports it)支持这种观点的
人就算有也寥寥无几了。b(especially with just) of an ordinary
kind 〔尤与 just 连用)普通的： You can't just wear any (old
clothes if you're going there -- you have to dress very smartly
如果你去那里，你不能穿普普通通的（旧）衣服，你必须穿得很整齐
漂亮。3 as much as possible; all 尽可能多的，所有的： They will
need any help they can get.能得到的帮助他们都需要。4 in
any case a also 又作 at 'any rate - no matter what may
happen 无论如何： We may miss the next bus, but in any case
we'll be there before midday.我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车.
但无论如何，中午以前我们总可以到那里。b besides;also此外
也，还： I don't want to go out tonight, and in any case we
can't afford it. 今晚我不想出去，再说我们也去不起。-see also
另见 any amount of (AMOUNT'); see 参见 MORE (USAGE),
SOME (USAGE); see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Articles
*any2adv [usually in questions or negatives一般用于疑问句或
否定句] in the least; at all 丝毫，一点： I can't stay any longer.
我不能再久留了。| Do you feel any better?你觉得好一点吗？
I asked her to polish the floor but it doesn't look any diffe
rent to me.我关照过她擦地板，但我看不出地板（和擦前）有什么
不同。| (AmE infml 美，非正式) We tried turning off the tap.
but that didn't help any.我们试过关上龙头，但一点都没有用。
an·y.bod.y/ni badi; 'eni, bodi/ pron any person or all people;
anyone 任何人，无论谁 - see 参见 EVERYONE (USAGE)
SOMETHING(USAGE)
*an·y·how/`ni,hau; 'enihau/ adv infml【非正式】1 carelessly;
without regular order 随便；杂乱无章地： Her clothes wer
thrown down just anyhow. 她的衣服随便乱扔。2 in spite of
that; anyway 无论如何，不管怎样： He told me not to buy it, but
I bought it anyhow.他告诉我不要买它，但不管怎样，我还是买
了。3(used when going on with a story, changing a subject in
conversation etc) anyway〔用于继续讲述故事，交谈中改变话题
时等〕总之，反正，好歹，不管怎样：“Well, anyhow, I rang the
bell..”“好吧，不管好歹，反正我按铃了··”- see 参见 ANYWAY
(USAGE)
an.y.more/eni`mor; 'eni'mo:/ adv not . anymore not any
longer 不再： Nick doesn't live here anymore.尼克已不住在这
儿了。| They used to laugh at Sheila. Not anymore.他们以前
经常嘲笑希拉，现在不了
*an·y.one/Eni wan; 'eniwan/ also 又作 anybody -pron 1 any
person, no matter who; all people 任何人；无论谁： Anyone can
cook -- t's easy.烹调很容易,任何人都会的。 | He's cleverer
than anyone I know.他比我认识的任何人都聪明。| Anyone
else would have been too embarrassed, but he just walked up
and asked her for her autograph.换了别人都会感到难为情，
他却偏偏走过去请她签名留念。2 [usually in questions or nega-
tives一般用于疑问句或否定句] any persor; some persor_任何
人，有人： Is anyone listening?有人在听吗？ 」 There wasn`t
anyone on the information desk. 问讯处没有人。| I can't find
my pen-has anyone seen it?我找不到我的钢笔—有谁看
见了吗？ | If anyone finds my pen I hope they/he will tell me.
如果有人见到我的钢笔，希望他们[他]能告诉我。」 John can do
it, if anyone can. 如果有谁能做这事，那就是约翰了。- see 参
见 EVERYONE(USAGE), SOME(USAGE)
an·y·place/`ni ples; 'enipleis/ adv AmE for【美】= ANYWHERE
Any Ques.tions../ a British radio programme in which
people ask politicians and other famous people questions about
important problems or subjects that are in the news《有问必
答》〔英国一广播节目，公众就新闻中出现的重要问题或话题向政
治家和其他知名人士提问〕
*an.y.thing/ani 0in; 'eni0in/ pron 1 any object, act, event etc,
no matter what 任何事物；无论何事： He will do anything for a
quiet life.只要能过上安宁的生活他什么都愿干。| It's a great
pity, but I can't do anything about it. (=I can't change the
situation) 这太遗憾了，但我对此无能为力。| Anything will do
to keep the door open.随便什么东西都行，只要把门揳住让它
开着就行了。| If you believe that, you'll believe anything! 这
样的事你都相信，那你什么事都可以相信了！2[usually in ques-
tions or negatives 一般用于疑问句或否定句] any one thing;
something 任何东西，一些（事物）： Is there anything in that box?
那盒子里有没有什么东西？| You can't believe anything she
says. 她说的任何话你都不能相信。| Has anything interesting
happened?有没有发生什么有趣的事？| Don't do anything
stupid. 不要做任何蠢事。| Did you notice anything unusual?
你有没有注意到有什么异常的事？|She doesn't know anything
about current affairs. 她对时事一无所知。| Do you want any-
thing else(=any other thing)你还要别的什么吗？| Is there
anything to eat? 有没有吃的东西？ | We're not doing anything
much at the weekend. (=we have no particular plans)周末我
们没什么打算。3 anything butnot at all; far from 根本不，决
不，一点也不： That old bridge is anything but safe.那座旧桥
一
点也不安全。4 anything likeat all like; at all完全像··，全
然： It isn't anything like as cold as it was yesterday.今天全然
不像昨天那样冷。5 as easy/fast/strong etc, as anythinginfml
very easy/fast/strong etc【非正式】非常容易[快速、强壮等]：It's
as dark as anything outside.外面是一片漆黑。6 or anything
used when there are other possibilities)〔存在其他可能性时使
用)或相似的另一件事物； If you want to call me or anything
I'll be here all day.你如果想给我打电话或有别的什么事，我整
天都在这里。7 anything you say may be taken down and
used in evidence against you a phrase which is similar to the
one used by the British police when charging someone with a
crime. Although these are not the exact words used by the
police, they are the words that most people believe are used by
the police, and they are often used humorously.你所说的任何
一句话都有可能被记下来作为对你不利的证据〔英国警察指控某人
犯罪时所说的话的大概意思。虽然不是警察所说的原话，但大多数
人都认为警察是这么说的。这句话常被幽默地引用〕- see also
另见 LIKE2(5),see 参见 SOME(USAGE), SOMETHING(USAGE)
an·y·way/`εni,we; 'eniwei/ adv infml【非正式】1 in spite of
everything; in any case; anyhow 无论如何，不管怎样，反正：It
doesn't make much difference because we're going to be late
anyway.这没有多大关系，我们反正要迟到了。2 (used when
going on with a story, changing a subject in conversation etc)
(继续讲述故事、改变话题等时使用)：“Well, anyway, I rang the
bell..”“好吧，反正我按铃了··”
USAGE 用法说明 In informal spoken English anyway
(or anyhow) is used 1 to show that the speaker wants to
return to the main topic.在非正式口语中 anyway （或 any-
how)的用法有二。一是表示说话人要回到主题上来：That's
an interesting comment. But anyway, as I was saying
..
(这很有意思。可是话又说回来，正如我刚才说的·) or 2 to
finish one topic and continue with another.二是表示结束
个主题，又另接一主题： Anyway, shall we go on to th
next point now?(好吧，我们现在继续谈下一个论点好吗？)
*an·y·where/`ni,hwer; 'eniwee/‖also 又作 anyplace AmE
【美】- adv 1 in, at or to any place at all 不论何处，随便哪里
Sit anywhere you like.喜欢坐在哪里，就坐哪里。| I looked all
0061
over for that book but I couldn't find it anywhere.我到处找那
本书，可哪儿也找不到。」 the best curry anywhere in London
在伦敦吃咖喱，以这里的为最好 2 [usually in questions or nega-
tives 一般用于疑问句或否定句] (in, at, or to) any place; some
place 任何地方，什么地方： Did you go anywhere yesterday?
昨天你去什么地方了没有？」 It must be in the bathroom — it
can't be anywhere else.(=in any other place)它一定在洗澡间
— 不可能在别的任何地方。| Do they need anywhere to stay?
他们要不要找个地方住下？| Are you going anywhere nice for
your holidays?你要去什么好地方度假吗？」 (fig.喻) This ar-
gument isn't getting us anywhere. (=isn't doing any good)这
样争论下去对我们没有任何好处。3 any number or amount 任
何数字或数量： anywhere from 40 to 60 students 从40到60个
学生之间 」 anywhere between 40 and 60 students 40到60个
学生之间 4 anywhere near infml at all near or nearly 【非正
式】将近；几乎： She isn't anywhere near as clever as her sister
她没有她妹妹那样聪明，差远啦。| Are we anywhere near
finishing?我们快干完了吗？ 5or anywhere or in/at/to any other
place 或者在[去] 其他地方： Would you like to go to the beach
or anywhere?你喜欢去海滨或是其他什么地方吗？ - see 参见
SOME (USAGE), SOMETHING (USAGE)
An.zac /`aenzaek; 'aenzaek/ n a soldier from Australia or New
Zealand,especially in World War I 澳大利亚士兵；新西兰士兵
〔尤指第一次世界大战中澳新军团的士兵〕
Anzac Day /'./ (in Australia and New Zealand) April 25th
each year, remembered as the date of the landing at GALLIPOLI
in 1915澳新军团节〔每年的4月25日，澳大利亚和新西兰纪念
1915年在加利波利半岛登陆的日子)
AOB /，e o`bi; er eu 'bi:/ abbrev. for 缩写='any other business'
anything that is discussed at a meeting after all the subjects on
the AGENDA (=the list of things to discuss at a meeting) have
been dealt with 任何其他事务〔指处理完议程中的事项后接着讨
论的事情
A-O.K /，e o `ke; er eu 'kei/ adj AmE infml completely healthy
or in perfect condition【美，非正式】〔指身体状况〕一切正常：/
went to the doctor's and he said everything's A-OK. 我去看
医生，医生说我一切正常
AOL /e o`sl;ei eu 'el/ trademark abbrev. for 缩写= America
Online; a type of service connecting customers to the Internet.
AOL also provides its own ONLINE services such as E-MAIL.
discussion groups, and business information.【商标】“美国在线”
〔互联网服务供应商，它也提供自己的在线服务，如电子邮件、讨论
组和商业信息〕
AONB /e o n `bi; er eu en 'bi:/ n BrE abbrev. for 缩写=Area
of Outstanding Natural Beauty; a very beautiful area which is
officially protected so that no one is allowed to build on it or
change it【英】〔受到国家保护的〕杰出自然风景区，绝色胜地
or.ta /e`orte; ei'o:te/ n the largest ARTERY(=tube for carrying
blood)in the body, taking blood from the heart 主动脉，大动脉
A.o·te.a.ro.a /aotie`roe; a:euti:e'raue/ the Maori name for
NEW ZEALAND〔毛利语〕新西兰
AP /，e`pi; ei 'pi:/ n abbrev. for 缩写=Associated Press; a com-
pany that gathers news stories, mostly in the US, and sells them
to newspapers, television stations etc 美联社，美国联合通讯社
〔收集新闻的公司，主要收集美国国内的新闻，并出售给报社、电视
台等〕
a·pace /e`pes; e'peis/ adv lit or old use quickly【文或旧】飞快
地，急速地
A.pa.che /e`paetfi: e'paetfi/ n 1 the Apache [P] a Native Ameri-
can tribe of the western US〔美国西部土著〕阿帕切族，阿帕切人2
[C] a member of this tribe 阿帕切族人，阿帕切人 - see Cul-
tural Note at 参见 NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释 - Apache ad
a·part /e`part; e'pg:t/ ady 1 separated by a distance 分开，相距，
相隔： The boxers stood apart, waiting for the signal to start
fighting.拳击手分开站立，等待开始搏击的信号。|We planted
te trees wide apart.我们把树种得间隔很大。) He and his
wife are living apart. 他和他的妻子分开住。| [after n 用于名
词后] The two villages are three miles apart.这两个村子相距
3英里。|(fig.喻) The two sides in the dispute are still a long
way apart and it is unlikely that any agreement will be
reached.争论的双方仍有很大分歧,不大可能达成什么协议。2in
or into two or more separate parts 拆开，分开： He took the clock
apart to repair it. 他把钟拆开来修理。| It just came apart in
my hands.这东西到我手里就散了。3 [after n 用于名词后]with-
out considering; ASIDE 不考虑；撇开： Joking apart (=speaking
seriously), we really must do something about that hole.说正
经的,我们确实应采取措施补补那个洞。4 apart from: a with-
out considering; except for 撇开·来说，除·外： a good piece
of work, apart from a few slight faults 除了一些小缺点外，不
失为一件好作品 b as well as 此外： Apart from being too large,
it just doesn't suit me. 除了太大之外，它对我也不适合。5 tell/
know apart to be able to see the difference between区分，区
别： I can't tell the twins apart. 我辨认不清这对双胞胎。-- see
also 另见 poles apart (POLE3), worlds apart (WORLD)_
a.part.heid /e`parthet; e'pa:theit/ n [U]1 (in South Africa) the
former system established by the government of keeping dif-
ferent races separate, especially so as to give advantage to white
people. In the early 1990s, the South African government be-
gan to remove the apartheid laws and by 1994， when Nelsor
Mandela became President, the system no longer existed. Now
in South Africa, people of all races have equal rights by law.
〔以往南非的〕种族隔离制度〔20世纪90年代初，南非政府开始废
止有关种族隔离制度的法律。1994年纳尔逊·曼德拉成为南非总
统后，该制度就再也不存在了。现今南非各种族的人民都享有法律
赋予的平等权利) - compare 比较 SEGREGATION 2 any system
of separating groups of people, especially to give advantage to
one group〔任何〕隔离制度〔尤指对某一群体给予优惠)：cultural
apartheid 文化隔离
a·part·ment /e`partment; e'pg:tment/ n1 AmE【美】‖also 又
作 flat BrE【英】 -- a set of rooms in a building, especially on
one floor, including a kitchen and a bathroom一套住房〔指
在同一楼层，有独立厨房和浴室的住房)，公寓套间 - see参见
HOUSE (USAGE) 2 [often pl. 常用复数] a room, especially a
large or splendid one 〔尤指大而华丽的)房间： the Royal Apart-
ments 帝王套间
apartment block /./ n [C] AmE a large group of buildings
containing many apartments【美】公寓楼群
apartment build·ing /·'·，·/ also 又作 apartment house /·'··/
n AmE a large building containing many apartments【美】公寓
大楼- see colour picture on page A17参见A17页彩图
ap.a·thet.ic /aepe`08tik;aepe'0etik/ adj lacking interest, strong
feelings, or a desire to take action无兴趣的；无感情的；冷淡的：
无动于衷的： A few of the students got involved in the cam
paign but most of them were fairly apathetic.少数学生参与这
项活动，但大多数学生都相当冷淡。- ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
ap·a·thy /`aepe0i; 'aepe0i/ n [U] lack of interest or strong feel-
ings about something or everything; unwillingness or inability
to act or take an active interest 漠然，冷淡；无兴趣；无动于衷：
He wassunk in apathy after his failure.他失败后心灰意懒。|
We lost the election because of the apathy of our supporters.
由于我们的支持者态度冷淡，我们在选举中失败了
APB /e pi `bi; ei pi: 'bi:/ n AmE abbrev. for 缩写=All-Points
Bulletin; a special message broadcast to the police which tells
them about a criminal they need to find and catch【美】[警方向
辖区内所有警署广播的，描述缉拿中罪犯情况的〕详情通报，全境
通告： An APB has been issued for Ralph Gomez, the inmate
who escaped last Monday night.警方已发出全境通告，追捕上
周一晚逃跑的收容犯拉尔夫·戈梅。
apes 猿
orangutan 长臂猿
gorilla 大猩猩
chimpanzee 黑猩猩
ape /ep; eip/ n a large monkey without a tail or with a very
short tail, such as a GORILLA or CHIMPANZEE 猿<如大猩猩、黑
猩猩等>
ape2v [T] derog to copy (a person or a person's behaviour,
manners, speech etc), in a stupid or unsuccessful way; IMITATE
【贬】模仿〔尤指愚蠢或不成功地〕
ape3 adj [F] AmE slang uncontrollably angry【美俚】极其愤怒
的，狂怒的： The boss went ape when he saw the sales report.
老板看了销售报告气得七孔生烟。
Ap.en·nines /aepenainz; 'aepnainz/ a RANGE of mountains in
a line down the middle of Italy, from the northwest of the coun-
try to the south 亚平宁山脉〔意大利中部从西北向南延伸的一列
0062
山系〕
a·per.i.tif /aperi`tif; e,per'ti:f/n a small alcoholic drink drunk
before a meal. People usually only drink aperitifs before spe
cial meals, on social occasions.饭前酒，开胃酒〔一般在社交场
合上饭前饮用〕
ap.er.ture /`aepatfo; 'aepetfe/n a hole, crack, or other narrow
opening, especially one that admits light into a camera孔，缝
隙：〔照相机的〕光圈，孔径
ape shit /`epfit; 'eipfit/ adj AmE taboo slang uncontrollably
angry【美，讳，俚】狂怒的：He went apeshit when we told him
about the mistake.我们把这个错误告诉他时，他气炸了。
a.pex /`epcks; 'eipeks/ n apexes or apices /aepi siz; 'eipsi:z/
fml or tech the top or highest point of anything 【正式或术语】
顶点，最高点：the apex of a triangle 三角形的顶点 |(fig.喻)
the apex of his career 他事业的顶峰
APEX, Apex /`epks; 'eipeks/ adj BrE advanced purchase
excursion; used to describe plane tickets, train tickets etc that
are cheaper than the usual price because you buy them several
days or weeks before the date when you travel【英】（票价）预
购优惠的〔指提前数日或几周预购飞机票、火车票等即可获得优
惠)： The Apex fare is just ￡200.预购优惠票价仅200英镑。|
APEX tickets to Edinburgh 去爱丁堡的预购优惠票
a.phid /`efid; 'eifed/ also 又作 a·phis /`aefis; 'eifs/ n any of
various small insects (such as the GREENFLY) that live on the
juices of plants. Aphids are a PEST to farmers and gardeners
as they can damage plants. 蚜虫〔会破坏植物，对农民和园丁来
说是一种害虫〕
aph.o.ris.m /aefe rizem; 'aeferizam/ n a true or wise saying or
principle expressed in a few words; MAXIM 格言，警句 -- apho
ristic /，aefe`ristik; aefe'ristik/adj
aph.ro.dis.i.ac /efre`dizi aek;aefre'diziaek/ n, adj(a medicine
drug etc)causing sexual excitement 催情剂，春药；激发性欲的
Aph.ro.di.te /aefre`daiti; aefre'daiti/ in Greek MYTHOLOGY, the
goddess of love and beauty. In Roman mythology her name is
VENUS.阿佛洛狄忒〔希腊神话中爱与美的女神，罗马神话中称维
纳斯〕
a.pi.a.ry /`epi.cri; 'eipieri/ n a place where bees are kept 养蜂
场；蜂房
a.piece /e`pis; e'pi:s/ adv to, for, or from each person or thing
each 每个，每人，每件；各件： The apples cost ten pence apiece
苹果每个十便士。」 We gave them three tickets apiece. 我们给
了他们每人三张票。
a·plen·ty /e`plentr; e'plenti/ adj [after n 用于名词后] old use or
lit in great quantity; in plentiful supply【旧或文】丰富的，大量
的，很多的： They had money aplenty. 他们有很多的钱。
a.plomb /e`plam; e'plom/ n [U] the power to remain calm and
steady in manner and behaviour in difficult situations; SELF
POSSESSION; COMPOSURE 镇静，沉着，泰然自若： She handled
their hostile questioning with great aplomb.她十分沉着地应
付他们挑衅性的问题
APO /e pi`o; ei pi: 'eu/ n AmE abbrev. for 缩写= Army Post
Office; used in addresses of soldiers serving on land outside
the US【美】陆军军邮局〔用于美国驻外陆军部队士兵的通信地址
上〕- compare 比较FPO
a.poc.a.lypse /e`pake lips; e'ppkelips/ n a description about
the future, especially about terrible things that will happen when
the world ends 启示，天启〔尤指世界末日的大灾难)： To its op-
ponents, genetic engineering is a test-tube apocalypse.生物
工程对于它的反对派来说预示着一种人为的灾难
a.poc.a.lyp.tic /e,pake`liptik; e,poke'liptik/adj 1 telling of
great misfortunes in the future 预言将来的大灾难的； apocalyptic
warnings about the coming of wars and hunger 战争和饥饿将
临的预言性警告 2 of or like the end of the world(犹如)世界末
日的： apocalyptic scenes of death and destruction 世界末日时
死亡和毁灭的景象
a.poc.ry.phal /e`pakrefel; e'ppkrfal/ adj (especially of a story
concerning someone well-known or important) widely
believed, but probably untrue〔尤指涉及名人或要人之传闻〕编
造的，可疑的，真伪不明的： an apocryphal story about the Prime
Minister 有关总理的传闻
ap.o.gee /aepe,d3i; 'aeped3i:/n 1 tech the point where the path
of an object through space is farthest from the Earth【术语】远
地点〔太空中物体运行轨道上离地球最远之点〕- compare 比较
PERIGEE 2 fiml the highest point of power or success【正式】〔权
力或成就的)顶峰： the apogee of his political career 他政治生
涯的顶峰
a.po.lit.i.cal /epe`litekl; eipe'litikeladj having no connec-
tion with politics or no interest in politics 非政治的，与政治无
关的；不关心政治的
A.pol.lo /e`palo; e'poleu/ n 1 in Greek and Roman MYTHOLOGY
the god of the sun, medicine, poetry, music, and PROPHECY.
He is usually shown in pictures and SCULPTURES as a beautifu
young man.阿波罗〔希腊及罗马神话中的太阳、医药、诗歌、音乐
及预言之神。在图画和雕塑作品中，他常表现为一个俊美的青年男
子)2 lit a very beautiful young man【文】俊美的青年男子
see also 另见 ADONIS, GREEK GOD
Apollo Pro.gram /../ the US government space programme
to send humans to the moon, which succeeded in 1969 when
the Apollo 11 spacecraft landed on the moon. Apollo 13 was a
later unsuccessful attempt to land on the moon again, and the
words one of the ASTRONAUTS used when he thought some
thing was going wrong, 'Houston, we have a problem', are
sometimes now used in a humorous way.“阿波罗”计划〔美国
政府的登月计划，以1969年阿波罗11号航天器登上月球为成功
标志。之后，阿波罗13号再次尝试登月，但是未能成功。其中一
位宇航员在发现问题时所说：“休斯敦，我们遇上了麻烦。”现在这句
话有时被用作幽默的说法〕- see also 另见 Neil ARMSTRONG,
GEMINI PROGRAM, HOUSTON, MERCURY PROGRAM
a.pol.o.get.ic /e pale`d38tik; e pole'd3etik / adj showing or
saying that one is sorry for some fault or wrong 道歉的，抱歉意
的： She was most apologetic when she heard I had been kept
waiting.听说我一直在等，她深表歉意。| an apologetic letter
道歉信 - ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
a.pol.o.get.ics /e pale`d38tiks; e pole'd3etiks/ n [P; U] fml the
art or skill of giving arguments in defence of something, espe-
cially of a religious belief【正式】〔尤指为宗教作的〕辩解；辩护
术；护教学 - apologetic adj[A]
ap.o.lo.gi.a /，aepe`lod3ie;aepe'leud3ie/ n [(for, of)] fml a for-
mal defence or explanation, especially of a belief【正式】〔尤指
对信念的〕正式辩解，正式的辩护
a.pol.o.gist /e`paled3ist; e'ppled3st/n [(for)] fiml a person who
strongly supports a particular belief and can give arguments in
defence of it 【正式】辩护者；辩解者： one of the leading apolo-
gists for the government's economic strategy政府经济策略的
主要辩护者之
a·pol·o·gize also 又作-gise BrE【英】/e`pale d3aiz; e'poled3aiz/
v[I(to, for)] to say one is sorry, e.g. for having done some-
thing wrong, or for causing pain or trouble 道歉，谢罪： I apolo-
gized (to her) for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚而（向
她)道歉。| I must apologize for not replying sooner to your
letter. 我未能及时给你复信，必须向你道歉。| She kept us wait-
ing for a whole hour and she didn't even apologize! 她让我们
等了整整一小时，但连一点歉意都没有表示
pol.o.gy /e`paled3i; e'ppled3i/ n 1 [(for)] a statement express
ing that one is sorry for having done something wrong.for
causing pain or trouble etc 道歉，谢罪，认错： I make no apol
ogy for what I said - it was a fair comment. 我不打算为自己
说过的话道歉—我的评论是公正的。| Please accept our
apologies for any inconvenience we have caused.若有不便，
敬请原谅。| Your allegations are completely untrue, and I
demand an immediate apology.你的说法完全不真实，我要求
立即道歉。| I'm afraid I was rather bad-tempered yesterday
— I think I owe you an apology.恐怕我昨天的脾气不怎么好，
我认为应该向你道歉。| The Finance Director sends her apolo
gies and is unable to attend the meeting. 财务董事派人带话
说，她因不能出席会议向大家道歉。2[(for)] lit a defence or
explanation of a belief, idea etc【文】〔对信仰、思想等的〕辩解，
辩护：Sidney's“Apology for Poetry”锡德尼的《诗辩》3 infml,
often humor a very bad example of something 【非正式，常幽】
权充代替物，勉强代用的东西- see参见LANGUAGE NOTE:
Apologies
ap.o.plec.tic /，epe`plaktik;,epe'plektik/ adj1 violently ex-
cited and angry, and often having a red face 激动的；愤怒得脸
发红的： The old general was apoplectic with rage.这位老将
军勃然大怒。2 having or concerning apoplexy 中风的 - ~ally
/-kli;-kli/ adv
ap.o·plex.y /aepe,plaksi; 'aepepleksi/ n [U] the sudden loss of
the ability to move, feel, think etc, usually caused by too much
blood in the brain or by the bursting of one of the BLOOD VES-
SELS there; STROKE2(3)中风
a.pos.ta.sy /e`pastesi; e'postesi/ n [U] fml leaving or giving up
of one's religious faith, political party, beliefs etc【正式】放弃
宗教信仰，叛教；脱党；变节
a.pos.tate /e`pastet; e'posteit/ n a person guilty of apostasy
教者；脱党者；变节者
a pos.ter.i.o.ri /，epastiri`orai;,ei posteri'o:rai/ adj, adv Lat (of
an argument) using actual facts or results to form a judgment
about cause (as in the statement The streets are wet, so it must
have rained.)【拉丁】由事实或结果推断出原因（的），归纳（的）
<如说“街道湿了，因此一定下过雨。”> - compare 比较 A PRIOR
0063
a.pos.tle /e`pasl; e'ppsal/ n 1 any of the 12 followers of Christ
chosen by him to spread his message to the world 基督的十二
使徒之一，使徒 2 [(of)] a leader of a new political or other be
lief or idea 倡导者，先驱： one of the apostles of non-violent
protest 非暴力反抗的倡导者之
Apostles' Creed, the /·· / a statement of religious belief in
the Christian religion, beginning 'I believe in God the Father
Almighty.《使徒信经》〔基督教宗教信仰的一种陈述，首句为
“我信上帝，全能的父”)
ap.o.stol.ic /，aepes`talik;aepe'stolik/adj 1 of or concerning
one of Christ's 12 apostles （基督之）使徒的 2 of or concerning
the POPE (the leader of the Roman Catholic Church); PAPAL
(天主教)教宗的，教皇的
a.pos.tro.phe /e`pastrefr; e'postrefi/ n the sign () used in writ
ing 书写中的撇号 (') a to show that one or more letters or num-
bers have been left out of a word or number (as in don't and
86 for do not and 1986)表示某（些）字母[或数字]的省略<如
用 don't表示 do not,86 表示 1986>b before or after s to
show possession 用于 s 之前或之后，表示所有格 <as in 如 John's
book, James's book, children's books, company's product,
companies'products>c before s to show the plural of letters
and numbers 用于 s 之前，表示字母和数字的复数 <as in 如 There
are two f's in off and和 Your 8's look like S's>
a·pos·tro·phize also 又作 -phise BrE【英】/e`pastre,faiz:
5'postrefaiz/ v [T] fml to address a speech to (an absent person,
or an idea or quality as if it were a person)【正式】对〔缺席者或
拟人化的某种主张和特质〕发出呼语，顿呼
a.poth.e.ca.ry /e`pa0e keri; e'pp0kari/ n old use a person with
a knowledge of chemistry who mixed and sold medicines:
PHARMACIST【旧】药剂师
a·poth.e.o.sis /e,pa0i'osis;e,pp0i'euss/n-ses /-siz;-si:z/ [(of)]
1 the raising of a person or thing to the highest possible honour
and glory, or the state reached in this way〔人或物〕礼赞，崇拜
极点，顶峰，神化2 lit the perfect example;QUINTESSENCE【文】
典范；最完美的榜样：Christ's mother is the apotheosis of
womanhood.基督的母亲是女性的典范
ap·pal BrE【英】‖appall AmE【美】/e`pol; e'po:l/ν-ll-[T] to
shock deeply; fill with fear, hatred, terror etc 使惊骇；使充满恐
惧： We were appalled when we heard that she had been
murdered. 听说她被谋杀，我们都吓坏了。| The prospect of
another war appalled us.想到有可能发生另一场战争，我们不
寒而栗。| They were appalled at/by the reports of the famine
有关饥荒的报道把他们吓坏了
Ap.pa.la.chi.a /.epe`letfie;epe'leitfie/ an area of the
APPALACHIANS in the southeast of the US 阿巴拉契亚〔美国东
南部阿巴拉契亚山脉一带〕- see Cultural Note at 参见 the
APPALACHIANS 文化注释
Ap·pala.chi.ans. the /epe`letfienz; aepe'leitfienz/ the Ap
palachian Mountains a long RANGE of mountains in NE
America that go in a line southwest from Quebec in Canada to
Alabama in the US 阿巴拉契亚山脉〔美洲东北部一大型山系，自
加拿大魁北克起向西南延伸至美国的亚拉巴马州〕- see colour
picture on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 When people think abou
the Appalachians, they think about BLUEGRASS music, men
playing the FIDDLE, and small wooden houses in the moun.
tains that do not have any modern equipment.人们一想到
阿巴拉契亚山脉就会想起蓝草乡村音乐、拉小提琴的男人以及
没有任何现代设备的山区小木屋
ap.pal-ling /e`polin; e'po:lin/ adj 1 causing fear and hatred;
shocking;terrible 骇人听闻的；令人震惊的；可怕的：appalling
cruelty 骇人听闻的残忍 2 infml very bad【非正式】极坏的： an
appalling waste 严重的浪费|appalling food 糟透了的食物
~ly adv: an appallingly bad driver 极差劲的司机
ap.pa.loo.sa /aepe`luse; aepe'lu:se/ n AmE a horse having many
dark spots on a light-coloured coat【美】阿帕卢萨马〔皮毛色浅
有深色斑点〕
ap.par.at.chik /，aepe`raetfik;,a:pe'ra:tfik/ n an official work
ing for a government or another organization, especially when
considered too ready to obey orders(以盲从为特点的)党政工
作人员
*ap·pa.ra·tus /，aepe`retes; ，aepe'reites/ n -tuses or -tus [C; U] 1
a set of equipment, machines, tools, materials etc, that work
together for a particular purpose 一套设备，仪器，器械，装置
用具： a piece of apparatus in a gymnasium 体育馆的一件器械」
sports apparatus 运动器材 | The television men set up their
apparatus.电视工作人员安装好了他们的器材。| The astro-
nauts have special breathing apparatus,宇航员有特殊的呼吸
装置。2 an organization or system made up of many parts机
构，机关： the government's apparatus for settling industrial
disputes 解决工业纠纷的政府机构
ap.par.el1 /e`paerel; e'paerel/ n [U] 1 lit or old use clothes, es-
pecially of a fine or special sort; GARB【文或旧】〔尤指华丽的〕
服装； the Oueen's ceremonial apparel 皇后的礼服 2 especially
AmE (in comb. 用于复合词) clothes; clothing【尤美】衣服；衣
物：ladies'ready-to-wear apparel 女士的成衣
apparel2ν-ll- BrE【英】 ‖-1- AmE【美】[T (in) usually pass. -
般用被动语态]lit or old use to dress, especially in fine or spe
cial clothes【文或旧】穿衣；〔尤指〕盛装
ap.par.ent /e`paerent; e'paerent/ adj 1 [(to)] easily seen or
understood; EVIDENT 显而易见的；明白的：Her anxiety was
apparent to everyone. 大家都看得出她焦虑不安。| The rea-
sons for his sudden departure soon became apparent. (=were
soon understood)他突然离去的原因不久就一清二楚了。」 It's
quite apparent that she has no intention of changing her mind
显而易见，她无意改变自己的主意。2 seeming to be real but not
necessarily so 貌似的；表面（上）的； The teacher was shocked
by the parents' apparent lack of concern about their child's
behaviour.老师感到惊讶的是那孩子的父母似乎毫不关心自己孩
子的表现。| The apparent improvement in this year's profits
is due to the selling off of some of the company's property.今
年的利润表面上有所增加，那是由于出售了公司的一部分财产。一
see also 另见 HEIR APPARENT
ap.par.ent.ly /e`paerentli; e'paerentli/ adv 1 it seems (that); ac-
cording to what I have heard 似乎，看来，据我所知： I wasn't
there, but apparently it was a good party. 我当时不在，但据我
所知，那聚会搞得很好。| Apparently they're intending to put
up the price of electricity.看来他们要提高电费了。|“Did she
pass her test?”“Apparently not.”“她通过考试了吗？”“似乎没
有。”2 it is clear (that)显然： Apparently she never got my let-
ter after all.显然，她始终没有收到我的信。- compare 比较
-EVIDENTLY, OBVIOUSLY
ap.pa.ri.tion /，aepe`rifen; aepe'rifan/n the spirit of a dead per-
son moving in bodily form; GHOST 幽灵，鬼魂： He saw the
apparition of his dead wife.他看见了亡妻的幽灵。
ap.peal1 /e`pil; e'pi:l/n 1 [C; U (to, for)] (a) strong request for
help, support, kindness etc 恳求；呼吁： His appeal for forgive-
ness went unanswered. 他恳请原谅，但没有得到答复。」 a per-
sonal appeal from the President on behalf of the victims总统
为被害者发出的个人呼吁 」 an appeal for money to build a new
hall 为建造新会堂筹集资金的呼吁 2 [U] power to move the
feelings; attraction; interest 感染力，吸引力： Films of that sort
have lost their appeal for me.那类影片对我已失去吸引力。
Her novels have wide appeal. 她的小说受到广大读者的欢迎。
He hasn't got much sex appeal. 他缺乏性感。3 [C; U] a for-
mal request to a higher law court to change the decision of a
lower court 上诉： the right of appeal上诉权 | a court of ap.
peal 上诉法庭 | She has been convicted but her lawyer says
she will lodge (=make) an appeal.她已被定罪，可是她的律师
说她将提出上诉。| The court rejected his appeal. 法庭驳回他
的上诉。4 [C](in sports) a call from a player for a decision
from the UMPIRE or REFEREE(=the person who judges the rules
of the game)〔运动员向裁判员提出的〕申诉，作出裁判的要求
There was a loud appeal from the bowler and wicket keeper.
投球手和守门员向裁判大声提出申诉
appeal2 v [I] 1 [(to, for)] to make a strong request for help.
support, mercy etc 恳请，恳求；哀求；强烈呼吁： The police are
appealing to the public for any information about the mur-
der victim. 警方呼吁公众提供有关被杀害者的情况。| They are
appealing for funds to build a new church. 他们呼吁为建造新
教堂筹集资金。| The government is appealing to everyone to
save water. 政府呼吁人人节约用水。2 [(to) not in progressive
forms 不用进行式] to please, attract, or interest 使喜欢，吸引，
使感兴趣： Does the idea of working abroad appeal (to you)?
出国工作的主意（对你）有吸引力吗？|inexpensive jewellery
which appeals to the 13 to 30 age group 对 13至30岁的人有
吸引力的廉价首饰 3 [(to, against)] to formally ask a higher
law court to change the decision of a lower court （提出）上诉： 
intend to appeal against this sentencelverdict. 我要对这个判
决提出上诉。| The defendant has been given leave to appeal
(to the High Court).被告已被允许（向高等法院）上诉。- see
Feature on page B21 参见 B21页文化特写 4 (in sports) to make
an appeal to the UMPIRE or REFEREE〔运动比赛中)向裁判提出
申诉，提请（裁判员）作出裁判
appeal to sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] to look for support in 求助于：
By appealing to his better nature (=the good side of his
character) we persuaded him to change his mind. 我们唤醒了
他的良知，劝他改变了主意
0064
Appeal Court, the /.'./n another name for COURT OF APPEAL
上诉法院
ap·peal·ing /e`pilin; e'pi:lin/ adj 1 able to move the feelings打
动人心的： the appealing eyes of a hungry dog 一条饿狗的可怜
眼神 2 attractive,pleasing, or interesting有吸引力的；有趣的：
What an appealing little baby! 多么讨人喜欢的婴儿！ 」 The
idea of a free holiday is rather appealing. 免费休假的主意颇
有吸引力。- opposite 反义词 unappealing(for 2)-~ly adv
*ap.pear /e`pir; e'pie/ v 1 [I] to become able to be seen; come
into sight or become noticeable 出现；呈现： A car appeared
over the hill. 一辆小汽车出现在山丘上。| In this disease spots
appear on the skins.患这种病时皮肤上会出现斑点。| If I don't
appear (=arrive) by 7 o'clock, I won't be coming at all. 如果
我七点钟还不到，我就不会来了。| Her new book will be ap.
pearing in the shops very soon.她的新书很快将在书店出售。
2 [L not in progressive forms 不用进行式] to seem; to give to
other people a particular idea or feeling (e.g. about one's
character, feelings,or intentions)似乎，好像，看来<如关于某
人的性格、感情或意图>：She appeared rather upset about
something. 看来有些什么事使她很心烦。| He may appear a
fool but actually he's quite clever.他看上去也许很笨，但实际
上很聪明。| It now appears certain that the fire was caused
deliberately.现在看来可以肯定，火灾是故意引起的。|[+to-y]
He appears to be sincere but I don't completely trust him.他
看来很诚恳，不过我不能完全信任他。|The discussion appears
to have been friendly and fruitful, 讨论看来是友好的和有成效
的。| There appears to have been a mistake over the numbers.
数字中似乎有一个错误。| [+(that)] It appears she won't be
coming after all. 她好像不会来了。| It appears that I was
wrong.看来我是错了。| \"Will she have t have an operation?\"
“It appears so/not.”“她非做手术不可吗？”“看来是的[不是]。
It appears as if they've lost interest.看来他们已失去兴趣。
(fml or pomp 正式或夸张) It would appear that the driver of
the car was drunk. 这辆车的司机似乎喝醉了。3[I+adv/prep
to be present officially, e.g. in a court of law 正式露面；出庭
He had to appear before the committee to explain his
behaviour.他必须当面向委员会解释他的行为。| Mr Jones will
appear for you (=be your lawyer) in court tomorrow.琼斯先
生明天将为你出庭辩护。4 [I+ady/prep] to perform publicly
e.g. in a play or film 〔在戏剧或影片等中)出场，登台： She has
appeared in dozens of films. 她曾在几十部影片里扮演角色。
He is currently appearing in 'Othello' at the National Theatre
现在他正在国家剧院演出《奥赛罗》。5 [I+ady/prep; not in pro-
gressive forms 不用进行式] to be found; exist可发现;存在; 刊
登；发表： This theme appears in several of her books.这个主
题在她的几部书中都有。| I wasn't expecting that item to ap
pear on the agendo,我没有料到那个项目会列入议事日程。
ap·pear·ance /e`pirens; e'piarens/ n 1 [C; U] (an example of
the act of appearing 出现；出场；显露： The last stage of the
disease is marked by the appearance of blisters on the skin
这种疾病最后阶段的特征是皮肤上出现水疱。| She's made a
number of appearances on television/a number of television
appearances.她已经在电视上[在一些电视节目中]几次露面。|
He put in an appearance at the party(=went there for a time),
but didn't stay long. 他在聚会上露了一下面，但没有久留。2 [C
U] the outside qualities of a person or thing, which can be seen
by other people; the way a person or thing looks to other people
外表；外观：His skin had an unhealthy appearance.他的肤色
显得不健康。」 They changed the whole appearance of the
house just by painting it.他们只把房子油漆了一下，就改变了
它的外观。| I tried to give the appearance of being interested
in his boring story.对他那令人厌烦的故事，我力图装出感兴趣
的样子。|Don't judge by appearances.不要根据外表来判断
[不要以貌取人]。| To/By all appearances (=judging by what
can be seen) they're good friends,根据观察推断，他们是好朋
友。3 keep up appearances to continue to live or behave in
one's usual way, especially in order to hide from other people
a loss of money, social position etc维持面子：装门面
ap.pease /e`piz; e'pi:z/ v [T] to satisfy or make calm, espe.
cially by giving in to demands or by doing something to fulfil
a need 平息；姑息；满足；安抚： I tried to appease them by offer
ing to replace the car with a brand new one,我提议用一辆崭
新的车子取代这辆车，以平息他们的不满。| to appease one's
curiosity by asking a few questions 问几个问题以满足某人的
好奇心
ap·pease·ment /e`pizment: e'pi:zment/ n 1 [C: U] the act of
appeasing 缓和（愤懑），平息（怨气）；满足（要求） 2 [U] usually
derog the political idea that peace can be continued by allow-
ing one's enemies to have what they demand. In Britain the
word is especially used in association with Britain's POLICY of
appeasement towards Hitler before World War II.【一般贬】〔政
治上的〕姑息，绥靖，让步〔在英国，该词尤指第二次世界大战前英
国对希特勒所采取的绥靖政策) - see also 另见 MUNICH AGREE-
MENT
ap.pel-late court /e palet kort; e pelet 'ko:t/ n a court which
hears cases in which people are appealing (APPEAL2(3)against
decisions made in other courts 受理上诉的法院：上诉（审）法院
〔指受理人们对其他法院的裁决不服而进行上诉的案件的法院〕
ap·pel-la.tion /，aepe`lefen; aep'leifen/ n fml or pomp a name
or title, especially one that is formal or descriptive 【正式或夸
张】名称，称呼
ap·pend /e`pEnd; e'pend/ v [T (to)] fml to add or join (especially
something written or printed onto the end of a larger piece of
written material)【正式】附加，增补〔尤指加于较长的文字资料之
后)： They appended their signatures to the statement, 他们在
声明后签上了自己的名字。
ap·pend·age /e`pEndid3; e'pendid3/ n 1 something that is added
to, connected to, or hanging from something else that is larger
or more important 附加物；附属物 2 med or fml an arm or leg
【医或正式】臂，肢
ap·pen·dec·to·my /，aepen`dktemi;,aepn'dektemi/n[C;U]
the medical operation of removing the appendix 阑尾[盲肠]切
除术
ap.pen.di.ci·tis /e pande`saitis; e,pend'saits/ n [U] the dis-
eased state of the appendix, usually causing it to be removed
by means of a medical operation〔通过手术可以切除的〕阑尾炎
ap·pen·dix /e`pendiks; e'pendiks/n-dixes or -dices /-disiz:
-dsi:z/ 1 also 又作 vermiform appendix - a short worm-
shaped organ leading off the bowel, and having little or no use
阑尾： to have one's appendix cut (=have it removed by means
of a medical operation) （让医生做手术）切除阑尾 2 a part at the
end of a book containing additional information〔书末的)附录
ap·per·tain /aepe`ten;,aepe'tein/ v
appertain to sthg. phr v [T no pass.无被动语态] fiml to con
cern or belong to (something) by right【正式】属于；和··有关
联： the responsibilities appertaining to the chairmanship 与
主席职务有关的责任
ap·pe·tite /`aepe tait; 'eptait/ n [C; U] a desire or wish to have
something, especially food 胃口，食欲： Don't eat chocolate; it
will spoil your appetite for dinner.不要吃巧克力了，它会损害
你正餐的食欲。| The baby has a good/healthy appetite. (=eats
well and enjoys its food)这个婴儿食欲很好[胃口好]。|(fig.
喻)He had no appetite for hard work.他不喜欢卖力气。| sexual
appetites 性欲 - see also 另见 whet someone's appetite
(WHET); see 参见 DESIRE (USAGE)
ap·pe·tiz·er also 又作 -tiser BrE【英】/`aepe,taize; 'aeptaize/ n
something eaten or drunk before or at the beginning of a meal
to increase the desire for food〔正餐前用的〕开胃小吃或饮料
ap·pe·tiz·ing also 又作 -tising BrE【英】/`aepe,taizin;'eptaizin/
adjincreasing one's appetite 增进食欲的，开胃的： an appetiz-
ing smell 令人垂涎的味道 - opposite 反义词 unappetizing
-- ~ly ady; food appetizingly cooked_煮得可口的食物
ap.plaud /e`plod; e'plo:d/ v [I; T] 1 to show approval or enjoy-
ment of (a play, actor, performer etc) especially by striking
one's hands together; CLAP 鼓掌 2 to express strong approval
of (a person, idea etc)称赞，赞许： We all applauded the
authority's decision not to close the hospital. 我们都赞同行
政当局不关闭医院的决定。
ap·plause /e`ploz; e'plo:z/ n [U] loud praise for a performance
or performer, especially by striking the hands together; clap-
ping (CLAP)鼓掌，掌声： The band got a big round of applause
at the end of the concert.音乐会结束后，乐队赢得了全场的掌
声。|polite/enthusiastic applause 礼貌性的[热烈的]鼓掌
*ap.ple /aepl; 'aepal/ n 1 a hard round fruit with white juicy flesh
and a red, green, or yellow skin 苹果： She ate the entire apple,
core and all.她整个苹果都吃了，连苹果心都吃光了。| an apple
tree 苹果树 2 an apple a day keeps the doctor away an old
saying meaning that apples are good for your health 一日一苹
果，医生远离我〔古谚语，表示苹果有益于健康〕3 the apple of
one's eye infml one's favourite person or thing 【非正式】心爱
的人或物：掌上明珠
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Apples are thought to be
very healthy, and there is an old saying that 'an apple a
day keeps the doctor away'. Adam and Eve and the apple
According to the Old Testament of the Bible, Adam and
Eve are the first people made by God. God tells them not
to eat the apples from the TREE OF KNOWLEDGE, but a SER-
PENT(=snake) persuades Eve to eat one and share it with
0065
Adam. As a result, God punishes them by forcing them to
leave the GARDEN OF EDEN.苹果被认为对人体健康极其有
益、因此有老话说，“一日一苹果，医生远离我。”亚当，夏娃和
苹果的故事：根据《圣经·旧约》记载，亚当和夏娃是上帝所造
的人类始祖。上帝告诉他们不要吃智慧树上的苹果，但夏娃受
了蛇的引诱与亚当合吃了一只，结果被上帝赶出伊甸园作为惩
罚。- see also 另见 Johnny APPLESEED, Isaac NEWTON
William TELL
Apple trademark【商标】1 a US computer company whose best-
known product is the MACINTOSH personal computer“苹果”电
脑公司[该公司生产的麦金托什牌个人电脑广为人知)2 a type of
computer made by this company. These machines, which are
known for being easy to use, have a different OPERATING SYS-
TEM from PCS, and are usually called ‘MACS'.“苹果”牌电脑〔以
其使用简便和独特的操作系统而闻名，常被称作“麦克”〕
apple but·ter /···/ n [U] AmE a kind of JAM made from apples
【美】苹果酱
apple cart /'./n upset the/someone's apple cart infml to
spoil someone's plans【非正式】破坏某人的计划
ap·ple·jack /`aepl.d3aek; 'aepald3aek/ n [U] AmE a SPIRIT (=very
strong alcoholic drink) made from apples 【美】（烈性）苹果酒
苹果白兰地
Apple Mac.in.tosh /.·/ Apple Mac/./ trademark a type
of personal computer made by the company Apple 【商标】“苹
果麦金托什”电脑〔苹果电脑公司生产的一种个人电脑〕
apple of dis.cord /.'·./ n a cause of argument (from the
story in CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY in which a golden apple with
'For the Fairest'written on it causes an argument between the
goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite)争端的起因；祸根〔古
典神话故事中，一只写有“给最美的人”的金苹果引起了赫拉、雅典
娜和阿佛洛狄忒三位女神的争吵〕
apple pie /.·n 1 [C; U] apples cooked in pastry. Apple pie
is considered by Americans to be something that is typically
American 苹果馅饼〔美国人认为苹果馅饼是典型的美式食品)：as
American as apple pie(像苹果馅饼一样)地地道道美国式的2
in apple-pie order BrE infml in perfect arrangement or order
【英，非正式】整齐；井然有序： He kept all his tools in apple-pie
order.他把他所有的工具都放得整整齐齐的。
apple-pie bed /../ n BrE a bed where the sheets have been
folded in a special way so that no one can get into it. People
make apple-pie beds for other people as a joke.【英】苹果馅饼
式床〔指床单铺叠的方式让人没法睡进去，其目的是为了戏弄别
人) - compare 比较 SHORT-SHEET
apple pol·ish·er /'·.·./ n AmE derog a person who tries to
win favour by being very helpful and praising someone in an
insincere way【美，贬】马屁精
apple sauce /.'/ n [U] BrE cooked crushed apples served as
a thick liquid, usually with ROAST PORK【英】苹果酱汁〔常与烤
猪肉一起食用〕
ap·ple·sauce /`aeplsos; 'epalso:s/ n [U] AmE【美】1 cooked
crushed apples used as a DESSERT (=sweet food eaten after a
meal) or as baby food 苹果泥〔可作饭后甜食或婴儿食品) 2 infml
nonsense【非正式】废话；胡闹
Ap·ple.seed /aeplsid; 'aepalsi:d/, John.ny /d3ani; 'd3pni/ the
NICKNAME of John Chapman (1774-1845)， who walked around
the eastern US planting apple trees and encouraging other
people to plant them 苹果佬〔约翰·查普曼(1774-1845)的绰号
他在美国东部地区到处种植苹果，也鼓励别人种植
ap.pli·ance /e`plaiens; e'plaiens/ n an apparatus, instrument, or
tool for a particular purpose, especially an electrical machine
that is used in the house 〔尤指家用的〕电器器具，设备，工具：
domestic appliances such as dishwashers and washing ma.
chines 如洗碗机和洗衣机一类的家用电器 - see 参见 MACHINE
(USAGE)
ap·plic.a.ble /aeplikebl; e'plikebal/ adj1 [(to)] directed towards
or concerning a particular person or group 适合的，适用的： This
section of the form is not applicable in your case. 表格这一部
分不适合你的情况。」 The rule is only applicable to UK
citizens.这项规定仅适用于英国公民。 2 able to have an n effec;
in operation 生效的： The new law becomes applicable from
Monday.新法律从星期一起生效
ap.pli.cant /aeplekent; 'aeplikent/ n [(for)] a person who makes
a request.especially officially and in writing.for a job.for
entrance to a school or university, for theatre tickets etc 申请人：
We had 250 applicants for the job.有250人申请这份工作
ap.pli·ca·tion/aeple`kefen;aepli'keifan/ n1 [C; U(for, to)
(the act of making) a request, especially officially and in writing
(尤指正式和书面的)申请；请求；申请书： Tickets may be bought
on application to the theatre.戏票可以（来函）向剧场预订。|
wrote five applications for jobs but didn't get a single reply.
我写了五份求职申请书,可是连一份答复都没有收到。|Have you
filled in the application form for a new passport?你填写了
领新护照的申请表没有？」 His lawyer made an application for
bail.他的律师提出保释请求。| a membership application 要
求入会的申请书 2 [U(of, to)] the act of putting something to
use 应用；施用： The application of new scientific discoveries
to industrial processes usually makes jobs easier to do.应用
新的科学发明于工业生产过程常可使工作更轻松。3[C] a par-
ticular practical use 实际应用，用途： a new discovery that had
a number of industrial applications 一项有多种工业用途的新
发明」application software 应用软件[软体] 4 [C;U (to)] the
putting of one thing onto another, e.g. of medicine onto the
skin or paint onto a surface 涂敷〔某物于另一物上)；敷用〔药
物)： Your foot will feel better after the application of this
pintment.敷用这种药膏后,你的脚会感到舒服些的。」The door
may need another application of paint.这扇门可能需要再油
漆一次。5[U] careful and continuous attention or effort; DILI-
GENCE 专心，努力： She worked with great application. 她专心
致志地工作。6 [U (to)] the quality of being related or applic-
able 适用： That rule has no application to this particular case
那规则对这一具体事例并不适用。
ap.plied /e`plaid; e'plaid/ adj (especially of a science) able to
be put to practical use(尤指某种科学)应用的： applied physics
应用物理学 - compare 比较 PURE (6)
applied math·e·mat·ics /·，·'·/ also 又作 applied maths /··'·/
BrE infml【英，非正式】 - n [U] the science of numbers devel
oped for practical purposes 应用数学 - compare 比较 PURE
MATHEMATICS
ap.pli.que /aeplr`ke; e'pli:kei/ n [U] (especially in dressmaking)
decorative work of one material sewn or stuck onto a larger
surface of another material〔尤指制衣的〕缝饰，补花，贴花
ap·ply /e`plar; e'plai/ v1 [I (to, for)] to request something, es-
pecially officially and in writing〔正式以书面〕提出请求，申请
I'll apply (for the job) today.我今天就申请（这份工作）。
We've applied to the council for a home improvement grant
我们已经向市政会申请改善住房的拨款。| Anyone under 30
need not apply.(=is not considered suitable)30岁以下者毋庸
前来应聘。2 [T(to)] to bring or put into use or operation 使用.
应用，运用：Apply as much force as is necessary.需要多少力
量就用多少力量。| Scientific discoveries are often applied to
industrial processes.科学上的发明通常都应用于工业生产过
程。| to apply the brakes 使用刹车| to apply one's mind to a
problem 用脑思考问题 3 [T (to)] to put or spread on a surface
敷，涂，贴用： Apply the paint evenly to both sides of the door.
给门的两面均匀地涂上漆。4 [I;T (to) not in progressive forms
不用进行式] to(cause to) have an effect; be directly related适
用；与··直接有关： This rule does not apply in your particular
case/cannot be applied to every case.这项规则不适用于你的
具体情况[不是所有情况都适用]。| The questions in the sec-
ond half of the form apply only to married men.表格下半部的
问题只适用于已婚男士。5 apply oneself (to) to work hard or
with careful attention (at) 致力于，专心于： He has a lot of talent.
but he won't apply himself. 他很有才华，可就是不努力。
ap-point /e`point; e'point/ v [T] 1 [(as, to)] to choose for a po-
sition or job 任命；委任： We have decided to appoint a new
teacher. 我们已决定委派一位新教师。| She's been appointed
as sales director/to the post of sales director.她被任命为销售
部经理。| [+obj+n] They appointed him chairman. 他们任命
他为主席。| He was appointed chairman. 他被任命为主席。
+obi+to-vlI've been appointed to run the overseas section
我被指派经营海外部。| A committee was appointed to inves-
tigate these complaints. 已任命一个委员会调查这些投诉。—
see 参见 HIRE (USAGE) 2 fml to arrange or decide (especially
a time or place when something will happen)【正式】约定，指
定，决定〔时间、地点)： The committee has appointed a day in
July for your case to be heard.委员会指定7月某一天审理你
的案件。| She wasn't there at the appointed time. 她没有在约
定的时间到那里。- see also 另见 SELF-APPOINTED,WELL-
APPOINTED - -pointee n: a presidential appointee (=ap-
pointed by the president)总统任命的人
ap.point.ment /e`pointment; e'pointment/ n 1 [C (with)] ar
arrangement for a meeting at an agreed time and place, espe-
cially a formal meeting with an important or official person会
见（某人）的约定；预约： The director won't see you unless you
have an appointment. 除非你事先约好，否则董事不会见你。|I
have an appointment at 10.30 with the doctor.我同医生约定
在 10：30来看病。| [+to-v] Can I make an appointment to see
the manager?我可以约见经理吗？| a hairdressing appoint-
0066
ment 理发预约 」 a 12 o'clock appointment 12点钟的约会 2
[U] the agreement of a time and place for meeting约会，约见：
He will only see you by appointment.要事先约定（时间）他才
会见你。3 [C; U (as, of, to)] (the choosing of someone for) a
bosition or job 任命，委任，选派： We were all pleased about
the appointment of John as chairman/to be chairman,约翰被
任命为主席，我们都很高兴。| I hope to get a teaching appoint-
ment at the new school. 我希望被委派到那所新学校教书。| (fml
正式) Smiths Ltd., wine merchants by appointment to the
Queen 女皇御准酒商史密斯有限公司
□USAGE 用法说明 When you arrange to see someone at
a fixed time you make an appointment.与别人约好在指
定时间见面，叫 make an appointment （约会） 。 If you then
actually see the person as arranged, you keep the
appointment.假如你确与约定者在指定时间见了面，就是
keep the appointment （践约）。If you cannot come, you
write or telephone to cancel the appointment,假如你不
能赴约，你打电话或写信去 cancel the appointment(取消
约会)。Because appointment is somewhat formal, we usu-
ally don't use it to talk about an arranged meeting with our
friends.用‘appointment’表示的约会多少有些正式，所以指
朋友之间的会面我们一般不用这个单词。- compare 比较
MEETING(3) and 和 DATE1(3)
Ap.po.mat.tox /，aepe`maeteks;,aepe'maeteks/ a town in Virginia
US, known as the place where General Robert E. LEE, the leader
of the CONFEDERATE army surrendered (SURRENDER) to Gen-
eral Ulysses S. GRANT, the leader of the UNION army, and there-
fore ended the American CIVIL WAR. The place where he sur
rendered is now a NATIONAL PARK.阿波马托克斯〔美国弗吉尼
亚州一镇（美国南北战争时期）南部联军首领罗伯特·E.李将军在
该地向北军首领尤利西斯·S.格兰特将军投降，从而结束了美国南
北战争。投降地点现已成为国家公园〕
ap·por.tion /e`porfen; e'po:fan/ v [T (between, among)] to di-
vide and share out 分，分配；分摊： We must apportion the money
fairly. 我们必须把钱公平分配。| It was difficult to apportion
the blame for the accident between the two drivers.在这次车
祸中，要分清两个司机的（过失）责任是很难的。- ~ment n[C
U]
ap.po.site /`aepezit; 'aepezt/ adj [(to, for)] fml exactly suitable
or directly connected with the present moment or situation
【正式】适当的，恰当的，切合的：an apposite remark 恰到好处
的言辞
ap·po·si·tion /aepe`zifen;aepe'zifen/ n [(in) U (to)] tech (ir
grammar)an arrangement in which one simple sentence con-
tains two or more noun phrases that describe the same person
or thing and are used in the same way.【术语】〔语法〕同位，同
格 In the sentence 'The defendant, a woman of 35， denies
kicking the policeman.'(“被告，一位35岁的妇女，否认踢了警
察。”) the two phrases ‘the defendant' and ‘a woman of 35’
are in apposition (to each other).在此句中，“the defendant”和
“a woman of 35”是同位关系。
ap.prais.al /e`prez]; e'preizal/n [(of)] (a statement or opinion
based on) an act of appraising 评价；估计；鉴定： What's your
appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何估计的? 」 a sys-
tem for the annual appraisal of employees' work 每年对雇员
工作进行评价的制度
ap.praise /e`prez; e'preiz/ v [T] fml to judge the worth, quality
or condition of; find out the value of; EVALUATE【正式】评定
鉴定；评价： They employed a consultant to appraise the rela-
tive merits of the two computer systems. 他们聘请了一位顾
问，来评定两种电脑系统的相对优点。|It's difficult to appraise
the damage this might do to his political reputation,要评定
这件事对他的政治声望会造成怎样的损害是困难的
ap.pre.cia.ble /e`prifiebl; e'pri:febal/ adj enough to be felt.
noticed, or considered important 可感到[察觉到、注意到]的；值
得重视的： an appreciable difference(明显)可感觉到的差异-
-bly adv: The temperature dropped appreciably last night.
昨晚气温明显下降
ap.pre.ci·ate /e`prifi,et; e'pri:fieit/v1 [T] to recognize and
enjoy the good qualities or worth of 鉴赏：欣赏；赏识： She
doesn't appreciate good wine. 她不会欣赏好酒。 His abili-
ties were not appreciated in his job. 他的才干在他的工作中得
不到赏识。2 [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式] to un·
derstand fully; recognize 完全了解，明白： I don't think you
appreciate the difficulties this will cause.我认为你不完全了
解这件事会造成怎样的困难。|[+that] I appreciate that this is
not an easy decision for you to make.我完全理解你作出这项
决定是不容易的。3 [T] to be thankful or grateful for 感激： I
appreciate your help. 我感激你的帮助。| I'd appreciate it if
you would turn the radio down. (=please turn it down)请你把
收音机的音量调低一些。4[I(in)](of property, possessions etc)
to increase in value over a period of time 〔财产等)增值： Houses
in this area have all appreciated (in value) since the new
road was built,自从新路修好之后,这个地区的房产都增值了。
- opposite 反义词 depreciate (for 4)
ap.pre.ci.a.tion /e prifr`efen;e pri:fi'eifan/n 1 [U] understand-
ing of the good qualities or worth of something 欣赏，鉴赏，赏
识： The audience showed their appreciation with loud cheers
观众以高声喝彩表示赞赏。2[C;U(of)] a judgment of the worth
or facts of something 评定；判断；鉴定： The pupils wrote an
appreciation of the play they had just seen.学生们写文章评论
他们刚看过的戏剧。| a realistic appreciation of the situation
对局势实事求是的评论 3 [S;U(in)](a) rise in value, especially
of land or possessions 〔尤指土地或财产的〕增值： an apprecia-
tion of 50% in property values 房地产增值 50%
ap.pre.cia.tive /e`prifi,etiv; e'pri:fetiv/ adj [(of)] feeling or
showing admiration or thanks; showing appreciation 赞赏的：
有欣赏力的；感激的：an appreciative audience 有欣赏能力的
听众」 He was very appreciative of his colleagues' support
during his illness.他非常感激同事们在他生病期间给予的支持。
- opposite 反义词 unappreciative -~ly adv
ap.pre.hend /aepri`hand;,aepri'hend/ v [T] 1 fiml to take (a per-
son who breaks the law) into police control; ARREST【正式】逮
捕，拘押 2 old use to understand【旧】了解，明白
ap.pre.hen.sion /，aepri`hanfen;,aepri'henfan/n1 [C; U] anxi-
ety about the future; expectation of something unpleasant〔对
未来的)忧虑，担心： We waited for their decision with a great
deal of apprehension.我们以极其焦虑的心情等待他们作出决
定。2 [U] fml the act of apprehending someone; ARREST【正
式】逮捕，拘押 3 [U] old use ability to understand; under-
standing【旧】理解（力）
ap.pre.hen.sive/,aeprihansiv;,aepri'hensiv/ adj [(about, for)]
full of fear or anxiety about the future; worried〔对未来〕恐惧
的；焦虑的，担心的： He looked apprehensive as he waited for
the result to be broadcast. 他在等待广播结果时显得很忧虑。|
She was apprehensive about her son's safety.她很担心儿子
的安全。-~ly adv
ap.pren.tice1/e`prantis; e'prents/ n [(to)] a person who is un-
der an agreement to work, for a number of years and usually
for low wages, for a person who is skilled in a trade, in order
to learn that person's skill 学徒，徒弟： an apprentice electri
cian 电工学徒 | The company is taking on four new
apprentices.公司收了四个新学徒。
apprentice2v[T (to) usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to make
someone an apprentice 使当学徒： She's apprenticed to d
plumber.她跟一位管子工当学徒。
ap.pren.tice.ship /e`prantis,fip; e'prentsfip/ n [C; U] (the
condition or period of having) a job as an apprentice. In Brit-
ain and the US the state does not have an official system of
apprenticeships. Apprenticeships are usually offered by com-
panies or by skilled workers who need someone to help them
and are willing to teach their skill in return for this help.学徒
身份：学徒年限〔英美两国没有正式的学徒制度。通常都是一些公
司或技术人员因为需要帮工，就招收学徒，以教授他们技术作为回
报)： The number of apprenticeships has declined sharply in
recent years. 近年来学徒的数量急剧下降。| At the end of your
apprenticeship your pay will be doubled.你学徒期满后，你的
工资将会增加一倍。
ap.prise /e`praiz; e'praiz/ v [T (of)] fml, becoming rare to
inform; tell【正式，渐罕】通知；告诉： We apprised him of our
arrival.我们通知他我们已经来了。
ap.proach1 /e`protf; e'preutf/ v1 [I; T] to come near or nearer
(to) in space, time, quality, or quantity 走近；靠近，接近： Si-
lently we approached the enemy's camp. 我们静悄悄地逼近
敌人的营地。| The time is approaching when we will have to
leave. 我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。| He's approaching 80
(=is nearly 80 years old) 他差不多80岁了。| They had to work
in temperatures approaching 35°.他们不得不在接近35°的高
温下工作。| He's a good player, but doesn't approach inter
national standarc.他是位好选手,但离国际水平尚远。2[T
(about)] to speak to (someone), especially in order to make a
request or suggestion for the first time 〔初次〕接洽；交涉；打交
道： Did he approach you about lending him some money?他
有没有找你谈关于借钱给他的事？ - see also另见 APPROACH-
ABLE 3 [T] to begin to consider or deal with 开始考虑，对付，
处理： There are several ways of approaching this problem.
处理这个问题有好几种方法
approach2n1 [U(of)] the act of approaching 靠近；接近；临近：
0067
Our approach drove away the wild animals. 我们一走近，野
兽全都跑开了。| The approach of winter brings cold weather.
冬天即将来临，天气变得寒冷。2[C(to)] a way of getting in 通
路，入口： All approaches to the town were blocked. 通往这座
城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。3[C(to)] a method of doing some-
thing or dealing with a problem 方法；步骤： a new approach to
cancer treatment 治疗癌症的新方法 | a diplomatic approach
外交途径 4 [C(to)] an act of speaking to someone (about
something) for the first time （初次跟人）打交道，接触： We have
made approaches to them with a view to forming a business
partnership.为了要和他们建立商业伙伴关系，我们开始同他们
打交道。
ap.proa.cha.ble /e`protfebl; e'preutfebal/ adj1 easy to speak
to or deal with; friendly 易亲近的，易交谈的，易与之打交道的
友善的： You'll find the director a very approachable person.
你会发觉董事是位容易亲近的人。— opposite 反义词 unap
proachable 2 able to be reached 可接近的：能够达到的
approach shot//n (in GOLF) a shot from the FAIRWAY to
the GREEN〔打高尔夫球时，从平坦球道击向球穴区的〕接近球
ap.pro.ba.tion /，aepre`befen;,aepre'beifan/ n [U] fml praise or
approval,especially when official【正式】称赞：认可，批准
ap.pro.pri.ate1/e`proprut; e'preupri-t/ adj [(for, to)] correct
or suifable for a particular situation or occasion 恰当的；合适
的： His bright clothes were hardly appropriate for such a
solemn occasion.他那鲜艳的衣服不很适合这样严肃的场合穿。
I think this is an appropriate moment to raise the question of
my promotion.我认为这是提出我晋升问题的适当时刻。| Com-
plaints must be addressed to the appropriate authority.投诉
必须向适当的主管当局提出。一 opposite 反义词 inappropri.
ate - ~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
ap.pro.pri.ate2 /e`propri et; e'preuprieit/ v[T] 1 [(for)] to set
aside for a particular purpose; ALLOCATE 拨出（款项） ： The
government has appropriated a large sum of money for build-
ing hospitals, 政府为建造医院拨出一大笔款项。2 fml to take
for oneself or for one's own use, especially without permission
【正式】挪用；占用；盗用： The minister was found to have ap
propriated government money. 部长被查出挪用了公款。- see
also 另见 MISAPPROPRIATE - -ation /e propri`efen; e preopri-
eifan/ n [C; U (of)]: appropriation of public money for a
new hospital 拨公款建造一所新医院 | an appropriation of
￡5,000,000 for a new hospital 为建一所新医院拨款500万英
镑
ap.prov.al /e`pruvl; e'pru:val/ n [U] 1 favourable opinion or
judgment 赞成，同意： The audience showed its approval by
cheering loudly.观众高声喝彩表示赞许。|(fml正式)I hope
tha the arrangements meet with your approval .我希望这些
安排会得到你的同意。| The new proposals have won the ap-
proval of the board. 新建议得到董事会的认可。| By inviting
her to the palace,the Queen has given her the royal seal of
approval.女王邀请她进宫就足以表示皇家对她的赞许。— op
posite 反义词 disapproval 2 official permission 批准；通过；认
可： We can't start building without the council's approval.
未经委员会批准，我们不能动工。3on approval(of goods taken
or sent from a shop) to be returned without payment if the cus-
tomer is not satisfied〔商品〕先看货再决定是否成交；不满意可
退货
*ap.prove /e`pruv; e'pru:v/v1 [I (of) not in progressive forms
不用进行式]to have a favourable opinion, especially of a course
of action or type of behaviour; regard as good, right, sensible
etc 赞成，同意，支持： I don't approve of smoking in bedlop
people who smoke in bed. 我不赞成[人们] 在床上吸烟。| You
made a good decision, and I thoroughly/heartily approve of
it.你做了一个很好的决定，我不折不扣地[衷心地]表示赞同。|
You can join the class if your mother approves.如果你母亲同
意，你可以参加这个班。2 [T] to agree officially to;RATIFY 批
准；通过；认可：The city council approved the building plans.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。| The equipment must be bought
from a supplier approved by the company. 设备必须从公司认
可的供应商那里购买。| an approved course in computer pro
gramming 一门经审定的电脑程序课程 --provingly adv
approved school //n [C; U] a special school where chil-
dren in Britain who have broken the law are sent if they are
under 18 years old and so cannot be sent to prison. These
schools are now officially called COMMUNITY HOMES,[英国
的〕少年感化院：少年（罪）犯教养院
approx. written abbrev. for 缩写=approximately
ap.prox.i.mate1 /e`praksemit; e'proksmt/ adj nearly correct
but not exact 近似的，大约的，大概的： The approximate num-
ber of children in the school is 300.这所学校学生的人数大约
为300人。| This is just an approximate figure. 这仅是个大概
数字。- ~ly ady; The plane will be landing in approximately
15 minutes.飞机大约过15分钟即着陆。
ap·prox·i·mate2 /e`prakse,met;e'proksmeit/v [I+to;L] fml
0
come near (to) in amount, nature etc 【正式】接近：近似： You
story only approximates to the real facts.你所说的仅仅是接
近事实真相。| The cost will approximate ￡5,000,000.这笔费
用将近500万英镑。
ap·prox.i·ma.tion /e,prakse`mefen;e,proks'meifan/n[C;U
fo, of)] a result, calculation etc, that is not exact but is good
enough〔计算等〕近似的结果，近似值，概算： Could you give us
arough approximation of the likely cost?你能给我们一个大
概的成本价格吗？
ap·pur.te·nance /e`p3tnens;e'p3:tnens/n [usually pl.一般用
复数] law something connected with something else, especially
the rights or responsibilities that go with owning property【律】
〔由财产所有权带来的〕从属权利[责任]：附属物
APR /，e pi`ar;,ei pi: 'a:/ n abbrev. for 缩写=Annual Percen-
tage Rate; a figure that shows the amount of INTEREST that you
must pay when you borrow money 年度百分利率，年利率〔指
借款利率，表明借款人有待偿付的利息额)： The bank has an at-
tractive new car loan with an APR of only 9.8%，银行推出具
吸引力的新车贷款项目，年利率仅9.8%
ap.res-ski /，apre `ski;,aeprei 'ski:/ n, adj (of or suitable for)
activities taken part in after skiing (SKI), especially eating,
drinking etc 滑雪后的活动〔如吃东西、喝饮料等)：适合滑雪后的
pri.cot /`epri,kat; 'eiprkot/ n 1 [C] a round soft orange or
yellow fruit with a furry outside like a PEACH but smaller and
with a single large stone 杏 2 [U] the colour of this fruit 杏黄
A·pril /`eprel; 'eiprel/ (written abbrev. 缩写为 Apr.)n [C;U]
the fourth month of the year, between March and May. When
people think of April, they typically think of Easter, spring
flowers, lambs, and April showers (= a light rain which often
falls in April). They also think of April Fools' Day. 4月〔人们
想起4月就会联想到复活节、春天的鲜花、小羊羔和4月的阵雨
还会联想到愚人节)： It happened on April the seventeenth/on
the seventeenth of April/(AmE美) on April seventeenth,事情
发生在4月17日。| This office opened in April 1991. 这个营
业处是1991年4月开业的。| She started work here last Aprill
the April before last.去年[前年]4月她开始在这里工作
April Fool /./ n someone who has been tricked on April
Fools' Day, or the trick that has been played on them 愚人节时
受愚弄的人；在愚人节开的玩笑
April Fools' Day /./ April Ist, a day when people play
tricks on others, especially by telling them something that is
not true, also called All Fools' Day 愚人节〔4月 1日，在这一天
人们可以捉弄别人，尤其是说些不实之话来耍恶作剧。又可叫做
All Fools'Day) - see Feature on page B12 参见 B12页文化
特写
a pri.o.ri /，eprai`orai;,ei prai'o:rai/ adj, adv Lat (of an argument)
using a cause to form a judgment about probable results (as in
the statement It is raining so the streets must be wet)【拉丁】
自原因推及结果的[地]，演绎的[地]<如说“天正在下雨，因此街道
必定潮湿”>- compare 比较A POSTERIORI
pron /`epren; 'eipren/ n 1 a simple piece of clothing worn
over the front part of one's clothes to keep them clean while
one is cooking, doing something dirty etc. Aprons are usually
worn by women in the home, and by people such as CHEFS at
work.围裙〔围裙一般是妇女在家中或厨师等在工作的时候使用〕
2 also 又作 apron stage /，· '/ that part of a stage in a theatre
that comes forward towards where the public sit 台口；裙式延
伸台〔舞台幕前伸向观众席之部分)3 (in an airport) the hard sur-
face on which planes are turned round, loaded, unloaded etc
〔机场的〕停机坪
apron strings /./n [P] infml the strings of an apron regarded
as a sign of the control of a boy or man by his mother or wife
【非正式】围裙带〔为母亲或妻子所支配的标志〕：Though he's
nearly 40， he's stilltied to his mother's apron strings ， and
has never married.他虽年近40，仍受其母
,且从未结过婚
ap·ro·pos1 /，aepre`po;,aepre'peu/ adv, prep [(of)] (used to in-
troduce a new subject connected with what has just been
mentioned)〔引进与刚才话题有关的新话题时所用的一个字〕再
说，至于，说到··：John was here yesterday; apropos (=it's
suitable to say this now), he's got a new job,约翰昨天来这里
了。对了，他有了一份新工作。| Apropos (of) John's new job
(=while we're talking about it), what's he earning?说起约翰
的新工作，他挣多少钱？
apropos2 adj [F] very suitable for the time or situation; PERTI-
NENT 及时的；适当的： I thought her remarks were very apropos.
我认为她的话说得很合时宜。
0068
apse /aeps; aeps/ n the curved or many-sided end of a building
especially the east end of a church 半圆室，半圆形殿〔建筑物
端的半圆形或多边形部分，尤指教堂东端〕
apt /aept; aept/ adj 1 [F+to-v] having a natural or habitual ten-
dency to do something; likely 有··倾向的，易于·的： This kina
of shoe is apt to slip on wet ground, 这种鞋在湿地上容易打
滑。2 exactly suitable; PERTINENT 适当的；恰当的： an apt re-
mark 恰当的话 3 [(at)] fml quick to learn and understand 【正
式】敏捷的；聪明的： an apt student 聪明的学生 - ~ly ady -
~ness n [U]
USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 He is apt to/He is in
clined to/He tends to lose his temper in difficult situa
tions (=this is one of his general characteristics)(他在困难
情况下容易发脾气)〔表示这是他性格上的特点之一)and和
When he finds out what you said, he is likely to lose his
temper (=I think that this will happen in this particular
situation)(当他知道你说过什么的时候，他很可能发脾气)〔表
示在这种特定情况下的可能性〕。
ap.ti·tude /`aepte,tjud; 'aepttju:d/n [C; U(for)] natural ability
or skill, especially in learning〔尤指学习方面的)才能，资质，天
资： She showed great aptitudelan aptitude for learning
languages.她表现出学习语言的才能。| an aptitude test智能
测验
Aq.ua.fresh /`aekwefref; 'ekwefref/ trademark a type of
TOOTHPASTE【商标】“家护”牌牙膏
aq·ua.lung /aekwe,lvn; 'aekwelvn/ n an apparatus that provides
air for a swimmer under water, especially a container of special
air that is carried on the back and has a tube that takes the air
to the mouth or nose〔尤指潜水者背在背上的)水肺，水中呼吸器
aq·ua·ma.rine /，aekweme`rin;,aekweme'ri:n/n1 [C] a glass-
like blue-green stone used for jewellery 海蓝宝石 2 [U] the
colour of this stone 蓝绿色，海蓝色 - aquamarine adj
ag.ua.plane1 /aekwe plen; 'aekweplein/n a thin board, used in
a sporting activity, on which a person stands to be pulled
quickly along the surface of the sea, a lake etc, by a rope from
a fast motorboat 滑水板
aguaplane2ν[I] 1 to ride on an aquaplane 站在滑水板上滑行
2 BrE【英】‖ hydroplane AmE【美】- (of a car) to slide for
wards without control on a wet road, not touching the actual
road surface at all〔汽车〕在积水的路面上失去控制而滑行
a.quar.i·um /e`kwriem; e'kweariem/n -iums or -ia /-ie;-ie/1
a transparent container for fish and other water animals 玻璃养
鱼缸，水族箱2 a building (especially in a ZO0)containing many
of these 水族馆
A.quar.i.us /e`kweries; e'kwearies/ n 1 [U] the eleventh sign
of the ZODIAC, represented by a man pouring water 宝瓶宫〔黄
道第11宫)，水瓶座 2[C] Aquarian someone born between
21 January and 19 February 出生于宝瓶宫[水瓶座]时段〔1月
21日至2月19日)的人 - see also另见 ZODIAC (USAGE)
a.quat.ic /e`kwaetik; e'kwaetik/ adjliving or happening in or on
water 水生的；水中或水上的；水栖的：aquatic plants/animals
水生植物[动物] 」 Aguatic sports include swimming and
rowing.水上运动包括游泳、划船等。- ~ally /-kli; -kli advw
ag·ua·tint /`aekwe tint; 'aekwetint/ n 1 [U] the method of pro-
ducing a picture on a flat piece of copper by letting a strong
acid eat away the parts that have not been protected by WAX or
some other material 凹板腐蚀制版法，铜版蚀镂法 2 [C] a pic-
ture printed from such a piece of copper 由凹板腐蚀法印制成
的图画
aq.ue.duct /`aekwi,dakt; 'aekwdkt/ n a bridge,pipe, or CA
NAL that carries a water supply, especially one that is built
higher than the land around it or that goes across a valley 〔尤指
高于地面或跨过山谷的〕高架渠，渡槽，导水管，渠道
a.que.ous /ekwies; 'eikwies/ adj tech of, like, containing, or
in water【术语】水的；似水的；含水的；水中的
ag·ui·line /`aekwe,lain; 'aekw lain/ adjof or like an EAGLE 鹰的
似鹰的： An aguiline nose is one that curves like an eagle's
beak.鹰钩鼻是指像鹰嘴般弯曲的鼻子。| her sharp aquiline
profile 她那明显像鹰一般的面部轮廓
A.qui·nas /e`kwaines; e'kwaines/, St Thomas(1225-1274)
an Italian THEOLOGIAN (=someone who studies religion and
eligious beliefs) and PHILOSOPHER whose ideas had an im-
portant influence on the Romar Catholio religion.阿圭那
〔(1225-1274)，意大利神学家和哲学家，他的思想对于罗马天主
教具有重大影响〕
A.qui.no /e`kino; e'ki:neu/, Ma.ri.a Co.ra.zon /me`rie
kore`zan; me'rie ko:re'zpn/(1933-)a Filipino politician, usu-
ally known as Cory Aquino. Her husband Benigno Aquino
led the opposition to President MARCOS of the Philippines un
til he was murdered in 1983. She helped to remove President
Marcos from power in 1986， and she then became President of
the Philippines until 1992.阿基诺夫人〔(1933-)，菲律宾政治
家，常被称作柯丽·阿基诺，她的丈夫贝尼格诺·阿基诺带领人们反
对菲律宾总统马科斯，1983年遇刺身亡，1986年在她的推动下马
科斯总统下台，她继任菲律宾总统直至1992年)
AR written abbrev. for 缩写= ARKANSAS
Ar.ab /`aereb; 'aereb/ n 1 someone who.comes from Arabia or
from the Middle East or North Africa, whose first language is
usually Arabic〔阿拉伯、中东或北非的〕阿拉伯人 2 BrE【英】
Arabian a type of fast graceful horse 阿拉伯马 - Arab adj
The Secretary of State's trip included four Arab countries
Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia,国务卿出访了四个
阿拉伯国家—叙利亚、黎巴嫩、埃及和沙特阿拉伯。」a meet-
ing of Arab leaders 阿拉伯国家首脑会议
ar.a.besque /，aere`bask;,aere'besk/ n 1 a position in BALLET
dancing 阿拉贝斯克舞姿〔一种芭蕾舞姿) 2 a flowing decorative
line or pattern 蔓藤花状图案
A.ra.bi.a /e`rebie; e'reibie/ the Arabian Peninsula the large
area of land between the Red Sea and the Gulf which contains
Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and the
United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯半岛〔位于红海和波斯湾之间的辽
阔地域，包括沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿曼、巴林、科威特、卡塔尔和阿拉
伯联合酋长国〕
A.ra·bi.an1 /e`rebien; e'reibien/ adj from or connected with
Arabia 阿拉伯的： the Arabian desert 阿拉伯沙漠
Arabian2 n AmE【美】 - see 参见 ARAB (2)
Arabian Nights, the /· / the Thousand and One Nights a
collection of Arabic stories from the 10th century, including
ALADDIN, ALI BABA, and SINBAD. The NARRATOR (= the char-
acter who tells the story)is SCHEHERAZADE, a young woman
who prevents her cruel husband from killing her by amusing
him with a different story every night for a thousand and one
nights.《天方夜谭》，《一千零一夜》〔公元10世纪以后的阿拉伯故
事集，包括《阿拉丁》、《阿里巴巴》和《辛巴达》。故事的叙述者山
鲁佐德是一位年轻女子，她为了避免给残酷的丈夫所杀，每天夜间
给他讲一个有趣的故事，共讲述了一千零一夜〕
Ar.a.bic /aerebik; 'aerebik/ n [U] the language or writing of the
Arabs, which is the main language of North Africa, the Middle
East, and Arabia 阿拉伯语： She is studying Arabic.她在学习
阿拉伯语。- Arabic adj
Arabic nu.me-ral /. ./n 1 any of the signs (such as 1,2,3，
4)used for numbers in the English and many other alphabets
阿拉伯数字<如1,2,3,4>- compare 比较 ROMAN NUMERAL
2 any of the signs used for numbers in the Arabic alphabet, on
which the above number signs were based 〔据以发展成阿拉伯
数字的〕阿拉伯字母中用作数字的符号
Arab-ls.rae.li War, the /·./n any of the wars between
Israel and the Arab countries, e.g. the 1967-1973 war阿以战
争〔指以色列和阿拉伯国家之间的任何一场战争，如1967-1973年
间的战争〕
ar.a.ble /`aerebl; 'aerebal/ adj (of land) suitable or used for grow-
ing crops 〔土地〕 适于耕作的，可耕的 - compare 比较 PASTURE
Arab League, the /./ an organization of Arab countries in
N Africa and SW Asia, which was formed in 1945 to encour-
age these countries to work together and deal with problems
affecting their members 阿拉伯（国家）联盟〔北非和亚洲西南部
阿拉伯国家的一个组织，成立于1945年，其目的是促进成员国之
间的合作，解决他们所面临的问题〕
Ar.a.fat /`aerefaet; 'aerefaet/, Yas.ser /jaese; 'jaese/ (1929-)a
Palestinian politician and leader of the PLO from 1969. He was
elected President of Palestine in 1996.阿拉法特〔(1929-)，
巴勒斯坦政治家，1969年起任巴勒斯坦解放组织领导人，1996年
被选为巴勒斯坦总统
Ar.al.dite ereldait; 'aereldait/ [U] trademark a type of strong
glue sold in the UK【商标】环氧基[类]树脂〔在英国出售的一种
强力粘接剂
Ar.al Sea /aerel `si; aerel 'si:/ an INLAND sea between
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It is continually becoming smaller
because water flowing into it is being used for farming,咸海
〔位于哈萨克和乌兹别克之间的一个内陆海，因注入的湖水被用于
农业灌溉，其面积持续减小〕
Ar·a·ma·ic /aere`me-ik;aere'mei-ikn [U] a language spoker
in SW Asia as a LINGUA FRANCA, and still spoken in parts of
Syria and Lebanon 阿拉米语〔为亚洲西南部地区的交际语，现在
叙利亚和黎巴嫩部分地区仍通用〕- Aramaic adj
Ar·an Is·lands, the /aeren ailendz; 'aeren ailendz/ a group of
three small islands off the west coast of the Republic of Ire-
land 阿伦群岛〔位于爱尔兰共和国西岸附近，由三个小岛组成]
0069
Aran jum.per /，· '·/ also 又作
Aran sweater n a thick woollen
JUMPER with a raised pattern of
many different stitches, usually
made from natural-coloured wool
阿伦毛衣〔一种厚实的羊毛套衫，带
有立体花纹，常用原色羊毛织成〕
A.rap.a.ho /e`raepeho; e'raepeheu
n 1 the Arapaho [P] a Native
American tribe from the GREAT
PLAINS of the US 阿拉帕霍族〔美国
大平原上的土著〕2 [C] a member
of this tribe 阿拉帕霍人 - see Cul-
tural Note at 参见 NATIVE AMERI-
CAN 文化注释 - Arapaho adj
Ar·a·rat, Mount /`ereret;
aereraet/ a mountain in eastern Turkey which, according to the
Old Testament of the Bible, is where Noah's ARK first reached
land after the great flood 亚拉腊山〔位于土耳其东部，据《圣经
旧约》所述，洪水消退后诺亚方舟首次于该地登陆〕
ar.bi.ter /'arbite; 'a:bte/ n someone who is in a position to
make influential judgments or to settle an argument 仲裁人；公
断人；调停人；权威人物： She became the supreme arbiter of
fashion in beachwear,她成了海滩装的最高权威人士。」 the
arbiter of a conflict/crisis 冲突[危机]的调停人
ar.bi.trage /`arbetrad3; 'a:btra:3/ n [U] the process of buying
something (especially a COMMODITY or CURRENCY) in one
place and selling it in another place at the same time in order
to profit from differences in price between the two places套
利；套汇；套购 - -trageur /，arbetra`33;a:b3tra:'33:/n
ar·bi.trary ^arbe treri; 'a:btreri/ adj often derog【常贬】1 typi-
cal of power that is uncontrolled and used without considering
the wishes of others 随意的：专横的，专制的，霸道的： arbitrary
arrests/punishments蛮横的逮捕;任意的惩罚」an arbitrary
ruler_专横的统治者 2 decided by or basec on chance or per-
sonal opinion rather than facts or reason; RANDOM 武断的；任
意的： I didn't know anything about any of the books so my
choice was quite arbitrary.对那些书我一点不了解，所以我只
是随意选了一些。- -rily /arbe`treril;'a:btrerli/ ady - -riness
n[U]
ar.bi.trate /`arbe tret; 'a:btreit/v [I; T (between)] to act as a
judge in (an argument), especially at the request of both sides
仲裁；公断： They've appointed a committee to arbitrate the
disputelto arbitrate between the management and unions.他
们指定一个委员会仲裁（劳资）争端。- compare比较
INTERMEDIARY; see also 另见 ACAS - -trator n
ar·bi·tra·tion /arbe`trefen;a:b'treifan/ n [U] the settling of
an argument by the decision of a person or group that has been
chosen by both sides 仲裁；公断： The men agreed to go to
arbitration to settle their pay claim. 那些人同意通过仲裁来
解决他们的工资要求。
Ar.bor Day /`arba de; 'a:be dei/ an unofficial US holiday when
people plant trees. Arbor Day is celebrated on different days
in different states and school children often take part in it.植
树节〔美国非官方的节日，各州植树节的日期不一，学生经常参加)
ar·bo·re·al /ar`boriel; a:'bo:riel/ adj tech of or living in trees
【术语】树木的；有关树木的；生活在树上的：arboreal animals栖
于树上的动物
ar·bo.re·tum /，arbo`ritem;,a:be'ri:tem/-ta /-te;-te/ or -tums
n a place where trees are grown for study or for people to learn
about them〔其树木是供人研究学习之用的〕植物园
ar-bour BrE【英】‖arbor AmE【美】/`arbe; 'a:be/ n a sheltered
place in a garden, usually made by making trees or bushes grow
so as to form an arch〔花园中长满蔓藤的〕棚架，藤架；凉亭
arc /ark; a:k/ n 1 part of a curved line or circle 弧，弧线： an arc
of 110° 110°的弧线 | The sun appears to move in an arc
across the sky.太阳看起来在天空以弧形运行。2 a very power-
ful flow of electricity through the air or of gas between two
points, especially as used to produce light in an arc lamp 弧
光，电弧 - see also 另见 ARC WELDING
ar.cade /ar`ked; a:'keid/ n a covered passage, especially one
with a roof supported by arches or with a row of shops on one
or both sides 拱廊；〔尤指上有顶盖，一边或两旁有商店的)拱廊式
街道： a shopping arcade 拱廊购物商场 - see also 另见 AMUSE-
MENT ARCADE
arcade game // n AmE a coin-operated electronic machine
with a VIDEO SCREEN and controls, which is played for amuse
ment【美】〔投币式〕电子游戏机
Ar.ca.di.a /ar`kedie; a:'keidie/ lit【文】1 an area in the country
where people have pleasant simple lives 淳朴愉快的田园生活：
世外桃源 2 an area with mountains and beautiful countryside
Aran jumper 阿伦毛衣
in ancient Greece where, according to ancient Greek and Latin
poetry, people lived pleasant simple lives 阿卡迪亚〔古希腊-
美丽的山区，据古希腊和拉丁语的诗中所述，那里的居民过着淳朴
愉快的田园生活)- Arcadian n
ar.cane /ar`ken; a:'keim/ adj lit mysterious and secret; ESOTERIC
【文】神秘的，秘密的：arcane knowledge/rituals 神秘的知识[仪
式]
*arch1 /artf; a:tf/ n 1 a curved top on two supports, e.g. under a
bridge or a church roof or above a door or window 〔建筑上的)
拱：拱门：拱顶：The bridge had seven arches. 这座桥有七个拱
洞。2 something with this shape, especially the middle of the
bottom of the foot弓状物；拱形物；脚心，足底弓
arch2v[I; T] to form an arch or make into the shape of an arch
形成拱；（使）成弓形： The trees arched over the path.树木呈拱
形弯向路面。| The cat arched its back in anger. 那只猫气得拱
起了背。
arch3 adj making fun of people in a clever or playful way 淘气
的；顽皮的： an arch smile 顽皮的笑容 - ~ly adv: “I know
what you're thinking!” said the old lady archly.那位老太太
嬉戏地说：“我知道你在想什么！”
arch-- see 参见 WORD FORMATION
ar·chae·ol·o·gist especially BrE【尤英】archeologist AmE
【美】/arki`aled3ist;a:ki'pled3ist/n someone who studies an-
cient societies by examining what remains of their buildings,
tools etc 考古学家
ar·chae·ol·o.gy,archeology /，arki`aled3i;a:ki'pled3i/n[U]
the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses,
pots, tools, and weapons 考古学 - see also 另见 INDUSTRIAL
ARCHAEOLOGY - -gical /，arkie`lad3ikl;a:kie'lod3ikel/ adj:
archaeological excavations 考古发掘物 - -gically /-k]i; -kli/
adv
ar.cha.ic /ar`ke-ik; a:'kei-ik/ adj belonging to the past; no longer
used 古代的；不再使用的 - ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
ar.cha.is.m /arki izem; a:'kei-izam/ n a word or phrase that is
no longer in general use 古词，古语
arch·an·gel /ark`end3el; 'a:keind3al/n a chief ANGEL in the
Jewish,Christian, and Muslim religions〔犹太教、基督教和伊
斯兰教中的〕天使长，大天使：the archangel Gabriel 天使长加
百列
arch·bish.op /`artf`bifep;a:tf'bifep/n(often cap.常用大写)
(in some branches of the Christian church) a priest in charge
of the churches and BISHOPS in a very large area （基督教的）大
主教： Archbishop Jones 大主教琼斯 」 His Grace the Arch·
bishop of York 约克大主教阁下
Archbishop of Can-ter-bu.ry, the /.·./ the priest who
is the leader of the Church of England 坎特伯雷大主教〔英国国
教会首领)- see also 另见 CANTERBURY
Archbishop of West·min.ster, the /..·/ the priest who
is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church in England and
Wales 西敏寺大主教〔英格兰和威尔士罗马天主教会首领〕
Archbishop of York, the /·'/ an important priest in the
Church of England, who has the next highest rank to the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury 约克大主教〔在英国国教会中地位仅次于
坎特伯雷大主教〕
arch.bish.op.ric /，artf`bifeprik;a:tf'bifeprik/ n the rank of.
period in office of, or area governed by an archbishop大主教
的职衔[任期、辖区]
arch.dea.con /artfdiken;,a:tf'di:ken/n (in the Anglican
branch of the Christian church)a priest of high rank who serves
directly under a BISHOP〔英国国教的)副主教
arch.di.o.cese /`artf`daie sis; a:tf'daiess/ n the church area
under the government of an archbishop 大主教辖区[教区]
arch-duke /artf`djuk;,a:tf'dju:k/ n (often cap.常用大写)a
royal prince, especially of the royal family of Austria in former
times 大公〔尤指昔日奥国的皇太子)：Archduke Charles 查尔
斯大公
arch·en·e·my /artf`nemi;,a:tf'enemi/ n1 [C] a main enemy
天字第一号敌人，大敌 2 [the] (often cap.常用大写) the devil
撒旦，魔王
ar.che.ol.o.gy /，arki`aled3i;,a:ki'led3i/ n =ARCHAEOLOGY
ar.cher /`artfe; 'a:tfe/ n a person who shoots ARROWs from a
BOW3(=piece of bent wood), either as a sport or (formerly) in
war 射箭运动员；〔古代战争的〕弓箭手
Archer, Jef-frey /`d3afri; 'd3efri/ (1940-) a British politician
in the Conservative Party whose official title is Lord Archer.
He also writes very popular novels, including Kane and Abel
and First Among Equals.阿切尔〔(1940- )，英国保守党政治
家，正式头衔是“阿切尔勋爵”，著有小说《凯恩和艾贝尔》和《平等
者之第一人》〕
0070
Ar·chers, The `artfo-z; 'a:tfez/ a popular British radic
programme that started in 1951， and can be heard twice every
day. It is about an imaginary family called the Archers, who
live on farms in a small village called AMBRIDGE, and their
friends and neighbours.《阿切尔斯一家》〔英国一广播节目，自
1951年启播以来非常流行，每天播出两次，讲述阿切尔斯一家人，
以及他们的朋友和邻居的生活，这个虚构的家庭住在安布里奇村的
一个农庄里〕
ar.cher.y /'artferi; 'a:tferi/ n [U] the art or sport of shooting
arrows射箭术：射箭（运动）
ar.che.type /arke taip; 'a:kitaip/ n [(of)] 1 the original mode
of something, of which others are copies 原型： ‘the House of
Commons, the archetype of all the representative assemblies
(T.B.Macaulay)“下议院——所有代议制议会的原型”2 a per-
fectly typical example of something 典型 - -typal /arki`taipl:
a:kitaipel/,--typical /arke`tipikl;a:ki'tipikel/ adj: the ar
chetypal wealthy American tourist 典型的美国富游客 - -typi
cally /-kli; -kli/ adv
ar.chi·man.drite /arki`maendrait;a:k'maendrait/n the head
of a group of MONKs of an Eastern branch of the Christian
church〔东正教的〕修道院院长
Ar·chi·me·des /arke`midiz;,a:ki'mi:di:z/ (？287-212 BC)a
Greek MATHEMATICIAN and inventor who discovered
Archimedes' Principle, the fact that when you put an object
in a liquid, it seems to weigh less by a certain amount, and this
amount is equal to the weight of the liquid which it has taken
the place of. According to a well-known story, he discovered
this while in the bath, and jumped out of the bath and ran
through the streets shouting ‘Eureka!'(=I have found it!)阿基
米德〔（公元前？287-前212），希腊数学家、发明家，发现了阿基米
德原理：即物体在液体中所减轻的重量，等于物体所排出液体的重
量。据说他是在洗澡时发现这个原理的，当时他随即就跳出浴缸在
大街上边跑边喊“我发现了！”〕
Archimedes' prin-ci·ple /，..'./n [S] the scientific rule which
explains that an object in a liquid is kept up by a force which is
equal to the weight of the liquid that the object DISPLACES阿
基米德原理〔一科学定理，即：一物体在液体中的浮力大小等于该
物体排开的液体重量〕
ar·chi·pel·a.go /arke`pelego;a:k'pelegeu/n -goes or -gos
a group of small islands and the area of sea round them 群岛：
群岛周围的海域
ar.chi·tect /`arke takt; 'a:ktekt/ n a person who plans new
buildings and is responsible for making sure that they are built
properly 建筑师，设计师： Who was the architect of St Paul's
Cathedral?谁是圣保罗大教堂的设计师?  (fig.喻) He was a
fine politician, and many people regard him as the architect
of the modern welfare state.他是一位杰出的政治家，许多人把
他视为现代福利国家的设计师
ar·chi·tec·ture /`arke,tktfo; 'a:ktektfe/n [U] 1 the art and
science of building, including its planning, making, and deco-
ration_建筑学 2 the style or manner of buildin: in a particular
country or period of history 建筑风格，建筑式样： the architec
ture of ancient Greece 古希腊的建筑风格 」 Gothic architec
ture 哥特式建筑风格 3 the INTERNAL arrangements of com
puter HARDWARE or SOFTWARE, especially of the different parts
in relation to each other〔电脑软、硬件内部的〕体系结构：架构
〔尤指各相关部分之间的布排〕--tural/,arke`tεktferel:
a:k'tektferel√ adj: architectural plans 建筑计划 - -turally
adv: Architecturally, Venice is very beautiful. 从建筑学的角
度来看，威尼斯非常美。
ar.chi·val /ar`kaivl; a:'kaival/ adj of, contained in, or being
archives(关于)档案的；档案中的
ar.chives /`arkaivz; 'a:kaivz/ n [P] (a place for storing) histori
cal materials, such as old papers, letters, and reports concern-
ing a government, family, organization etc, kept especially for
historical interest 档案馆；档案，案卷： an interesting old news
reel from the BBC archives 英国广播公司档案馆保存的一部有
趣的旧新闻记录片 - archive adj [A]: archive material 档案
资料
ar.chi.vist /arkevist; 'a:kvst/ n a person who looks after ar
chives 档案保管员
arch·way /`artf we; 'a:tfwei/ n 1 a passage under an arch or
arches 拱廊；拱道 2 an arch over an entrance 拱门： an archway
between the two rooms 两个房间中间的拱门
arc·tic /`arktik; 'a:ktik/ adj 1 (usually cap.一般用大写) of or
concerning the most northern part of the world 北极的 2 ex
tremely cold 极冷的： My bedroom was arctic. 我的卧室非常
冷。| arctic conditions 极冷的环境
Arctic, the the most northern part of the Earth, including parts
of Iceland, Greenland, the northern parts of Europe, Russia.
and Canada, and the Arctic Ocean 北极；北极地区〔地球上最北
部的区域，包括冰岛的一部分、格陵兰、欧洲、俄罗斯及加拿大的北
部和北冰洋〕- compare 比较 ANTARCTIC - see also 另见
NORTH POLE - Arctic adj
Arctic Cir.cle, the /，.'./ an imaginary line around the Earth at
a certain distance from the NORTH POLE, the most northern point
of the Earth. In the area north of the Arctic Circle, the days
and nights are continuously light in the middle of the summer,
and continuously dark in the middle of the winter 北极圈〔指地
球表面以北极为中心的假想线，该圈以北地区仲夏全是白天、仲冬
则全是黑夜〕- compare 比较 ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
Arctic O.cean, the 7，../ the ocean that surrounds the North
Pole. It is the world's smallest ocean and is often covered with
ice,北冰洋〔北极周围的水体，为世界上最小的洋，经常被冰覆盖]
arc weld·ing /，·/ n [U] the joining together of pieces of metal
by means of an ARC (2) of electricity 电弧焊接
Ar.den /ardn; 'a:dn/ an area in Warwickshire, central England.
which was formerly a forest. The Forest of Arden is where
Shakespeare's play AS YOU LIKE IT takes place.阿登〔英格兰
中部沃里克郡一地区，原为一片森林。莎士比亚戏剧《皆大欢喜》
的故事就发生在阿登森林里〕
Ar-dennes, the /ar`den; a:'den/ an area of SE Belgium, N
Luxembourg, and N France, where several important battles
happened during World War I and World War II, including
the BATTLE OF THE BULGE阿登高地〔包括比利时东南部、卢森
堡北部及法国北部的一个地区，两次世界大战期间曾在此发生数次
重大战役，其中包括楔入战役〕
ar.dent /ardnt; 'a:dant/ adj showing strong feeling or desire;
eager;PASSIONATE 热心的；热情的，热烈的；强烈的：an ardent
supporter/admirer of the government 政府的热心支持者[热
烈的赞扬者]」 an ardent feminist 热心的女权主义者 - ~ly
adv
ar·dour BrE【英】‖ardor AmE【美】/`arde;'a:de/ n [U] fml or
lit strong excitement or eagerness; ZEAL【正式或文】热情，激情，
热诚： patriotic ardour 爱国热情 」Her lack of enthusiasm
dampened his ardour.她缺乏热情使他的情绪低落下来。
ar.du.ous /`ard3ues; 'a:djues/ adj fml needing hard and con-
tinuous effort; difficult 【正式】费力的，艰巨的，艰苦的：a long
and arduous climl_漫长而吃力的攀登 ⊥arduous work艰苦的
工作 - ~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
are/a; e'; strong 强读 ar; a:/ present tense pl. of BE: BE 的现
在式复数： They are (living) here now. 现在他们 （住） 在这里。|
Here we are! 我们到了！ - see 参见 NOT (USAGE)
are2 /gr; α：/ n a unit of area 公亩 - see 参见 TABLE 2
*ar.e.a /erie; 'earie/ n 1 [C; U] the size of a surface measured by
multiplying the length by the width 面积： What's the area of
your garden?你的花园有多大面积？ | a room 16 square metres
in area 一间 16平方米的房间 - compare 比较 VOLUME (2)
2 [C] a a part or division of the world, of a country etc; RE-
GION 地区；区域： There aren't any big stores in this area (of
te town),(城里的)这个地区没有大商店。) He's the area sales
manager for southern California.他是南加利福尼亚地区的推
销经理。| The new factory will be built somewhere in the
londor area.新工厂将在伦敦地区的某个地方建造。b such a
part or division having a particular character or purpose(特定
的)地域；领域： an area of high unemployment 高失业率地区
the commercial area of a big city 大城市的商业区 」 (fig.喻
Her lack of organization is an area of concern.她做事缺乏条
理是令人担心的事情。| (fig. 喻) She's doing brilliantly in her
career, but her personal life is a disaster area.她在事业上颇
有成就，但她的个人生活却是个灾区。|(fig.喻) The question
of who is responsible for the safety of the machinery is rather
a grey area.(=not certain)谁该对机器的安全负责，这问题是
个不能确定的灰色领域。3 [C] a particular space or surface(专
用的)空地，地方： There's a parking area behind the cinema
电影院后面有个停车场。| a large room with a dining area a
one end 一头用作饭厅的一个大房间 4 [C] (the range or limits of)
a subject, activity etc 学科范围；专业领域，方面： new develop·
ments in the area of language teaching 语言教学领域的新发展
□USAGE 用法说明 Area, region, and district can all be
used when speaking about parts of the Earth's surface. Area
is the most general word. An area can be small or large,
and is not thought of as a fixed land division.在谈到地球
表面的某个部分时，用 area, region 或 district 都可以。其
中 area 是最通用的词，它所指的范围可大可小，并非固定地
区： I find the people in this area very friendly. （我发现这
一带的人民很友好。)A region is usually large, is usually
part of a country, and may or may not be thought of as a fixed
0071
land division.若指大的范围，通常用 region,它一般指国家
的一部分，可以是也可以不是固定地区：The southeast is the
richest region in England.(英国东南部是英国最富有的地
区。)| Edinburgh is in the Lothian region of Scotland.
(爱丁堡位于苏格兰的洛锡安地区。)A district is smaller
than a region, and is usually a fixed land division of a
country or city.一个 district 比一个 region 小，而且通常是
一国或一城市的固定区域： The letters SWI stand for a postal
district of London.(字母SW1表示伦敦的一个邮政区。)
area code /'./ n AmE a telephone CODE1(3). Area codes ir
the US and Canada contain three numbers and the middle num.
ber is always 1 or 0. Numbers beginning with the area code
800 are TOLL-FREE (=paid for by the receiver of the call).【美
[电话的〕地区代号[编码]〔美国和加拿大的地区代号有三位数，中
间位数为1或0。以区号800为首的电话号码是对方付费电话〕
a·re·na /e`rine: e'ri:ne/ n 1 an enclosed area used for sports.
public entertainments etc〔供运动、娱乐等的〕活动场所： The cir-
cus elephants were led into the arena.马戏团的大象被带进表
演场地。2 a place of great activity, especially of competition
or fighting 〔竞赛或搏斗等的〕竞技场； ··界： She entered the po-
litical arena at the age of 25.她25岁进入政界，
A.rendt arent; 'earent/, Han.nah /haene; 'haene/(1906-1975)
a US political PHILOSOPHER, writer, and teacher, who was born
in Germany, but left there in 1941 to escape the NAZIs 阿伦特
〔(1906-1975)，美国政治思想家、作家和教师，生于德国，1941年
为逃避纳粹统治而离开德国)
aren't /arnt; g:nt/ short for 缩略形式= 1 are not: They aren't
here,他们不在这里。2 (in questions) am not 在问句中= am
not: I'm your friend, aren't I? 我是你的朋友，不是吗？
USAGE 用法说明 There is no natural short form of an
I not? am I not 没有自然的缩略形式。Compare 比较； I am
your friend, am I not? (fml 正式) | I'm your friend, aren't
I?(infml非正式)（我是你的朋友，对吧？）|I'm your friend,
ain't I? (nonstandard 不标准)
A.res /`ariz; 'a:ri:z/ in Greek MYTHOLOGY, the god of war. In
Roman mythology his name is MARS.〔希腊神话中的战神〕阿
瑞斯〔相当于罗马神话中的马尔斯〕
a.rete /ae`ret; e'ret/ n tech a part of a mountain in the form of a
long sharp edge with steep sides; RIDGE【术语】陡峭的山脊，峻岭
ar.gent /`ard3ent; 'a:d3ant/ n [U] poet (the colour of) silver
【诗】银（色）：He carried an argent shield.他手持一面银盾。
- argent adj
Ar.gen.ti.na /ard3en`tine; a:d3an'ti:ne/ a large country in the
southern part of S America, which also used to be called 'the
Argentine'. Population: 34,600,000 (1995). Capital: Buenos
Aires.阿根廷〔南美洲南部一大国，过去也叫“the Argentine”。
人口：34,600,000(1995)，首都：布宜诺斯艾利斯)- see also另
见 FALKLANDS WAR - Argentine adj- Argentinian n, ad
ar.gon /`argan; 'a:gon/ n [U] a chemically inactive gas that is a
simple substance (ELEMENT), is found in the air, and is used in
some electric lights 
Ar.go.nauts, the /`arge nots; 'a:geno:ts/ in ancient Greek
stories, a group of strong brave men who sailed with JASON in
the ship Argo to find the GOLDEN FLEECE 阿尔戈群雄〔古希腊
传说中，同伊阿宋一道乘阿尔戈号船去寻找金羊毛的一群强壮，勇
敢的年轻人)
Ar.gos /`argas; 'a:gps/ trademark a group of British stores that
sells many types of goods for the home. Customers order goods
by looking in a CATALOGUE, and then wait in the store until
the goods are brought to them【商标】“阿尔戈斯”家庭用品店〔英
国出售多种家用产品的连锁店，顾客根据目录来订购商品，然后在
店堂等候送货)：the new Argos catalogue 新的阿尔戈斯商品目录
|I got it from Argos. 我是在阿尔戈斯买的。
ar·got ^`argo; 'a:geu/ n [C; U] informal speech spoken and un-
derstood by only a small group of people, especially criminals
〔尤指罪犯所用的〕隐语，暗语，黑话
ar·gu·a·ble /`argjuebl; 'a:gjuebal/ adj 1 able to be supported
with reasons 有论据的；可论证的； an arguable theory 可论证的
理论 」 It is arguable that the government has no right to inter
fere in this matter. 说政府无权干预这一事件是有论据的。2 doubt-
ful in some degree; OUESTIONABLE 有疑问的，可争辩的； an ar-
guable decision 尚可争辩的决定 - opposite 反义词 unargu-
able (for 2)- -bly adv: Arguably, the criminal is a neces
sary member of society.有理由说，罪犯是社会必然有的一种人。
*ar·gue /`argju; 'a:gju:/v 1 [I(with, over, about)] to express
disagreement in words, often with strong feeling; quarrel争
辩，争论，争吵： Do what you are told and don't argue (with
me).叫你怎么做就怎么做，别（跟我）争辩了。| They're always
arguing about/over money. 他们总是为钱争吵。2 [I; T] to pro-
vide reasons for or against(something)clearly and in proper
order 辩论： We could argue this point for hours without reach-
ing any conclusions.我们为这一点可以辩上几小时而得不出任
何结论。| They argued the case for a non-nuclear defence
policy.他们为无核防务政策辩护。| a well-argued speech in
favour of the proposal 赞成这一建议的极具雄辩力的演说」He
argued forlagainst the proposed tax cuts. 他据理力争[反对]
拟议中的减税。| [+that] I would argue that/It could be ar-
gued that sending men to the moon is a waste of money.我
[可以]认为把人送上月球是浪费资财。3[T+obj+into/out of] to
persuade(someone) by showing reasons for or against an idea
or course of action, often with strong feeling 极力说服，劝告
She argued him intolout of leaving his job. 她极力劝他[不要]
辞职。4 [T] fml to show:give signs(of):INDICATE【正式】表示：
显示出； Her essay argued a very good grasp of the facts.她的
论文显示出她充分掌握了事实。| [+that] The way he spends
money argues that he is rich. 他花钱的方式表明他很有钱。5 ar-
gue the toss BrE infml to argue about a decision that has al-
ready been made and cannot be changed 【英，非正式】〔对已决
定的事〕唱反调；挑剔 - see 参见 QUARREL(USAGE)
*ar.gu·ment /argjement; 'a:gj8ment/ n 1 [C] a disagreement
especially one that is noisy; quarrel 争论，争辩，争吵： They were
having an argument about whose turn it was to do the cooking.
他们为该轮到谁做饭而争吵不休。| They got into an argument
about politics. 他们陷入了一场政治争论。2 [C(for, against)
a reason given to support or disprove something 论据，论点：理
由： The committee listened to all the arguments for and against
the proposal. 委员会听取了所有赞成和反对该提议的论据。| The
risk of heart disease is a powerful argument against smoking
吸烟有可能引起心脏病是反对吸烟的有力论据。| He made a
strong/convincing argument against accepting the offer.他
提出有力的[令人信服的]论据反对接受这个提议。|[+that] the
familiar argument that the cost would outweigh the benefits
得不偿失那种常见的论点 3 [U] the use of reason to decide some-
thing or persuade someone 按理，说理，辩论： We should try to
settle this affair by argument, not by fighting. 我们应以说理
而不是打架的方式来解决这件事。| Let's say, for the sake of
argument(=in order to help in deciding or understanding
something), that the sale price will be ￡25： how much profit
will that give us?为了论证的方便，比方说假定售价是25英镑，
那么我们能得到多少利润呢？4 [C] lit a short account of the
story or subject of a book, poem etc; SUMMARY【文】梗概，概
要；要旨
ar·gu·men·ta·tive /argje`mentetiv;a:gj'mentetiv/ adjderog
(of a person) liking to ARGUE(1);QUARRELSOME【贬】〔指人)
好争辩的，好争吵的 - ~ly adv
Ar.gus /`arges; 'a:ges/ in ancient Greek stories, a creature with
many eyes who was used by the goddess HERA as a guard.
Newspapers are sometimes called the 'Argus'to give the idea
that they are always watching carefully for news.阿耳戈斯〔古
希腊传说中的百眼巨人，被女神赫拉用作看守。报纸有时被称作
“阿耳戈斯”，意思是说他们总是在热切地寻觅新闻〕
a.ri·a /`arie; 'a:rie/ n a song that is sung by only one person in
an OPERA or ORATORIO〔歌剧、清唱剧中的〕独唱曲；咏叹调
ar.id /`aerid; 'aered/ adj (of land) having so little rain as to be
very dry and unproductive〔土地〕干燥的，干旱的；不毛的，贫瘠
的： the arid wastes of the Sahara 撒哈拉干旱的不毛之地 | (fig
喻) arid studies that produce no new ideas 无创见的枯燥乏味
的研究 -~ity /e`rideti;e'ridti/n[U]
A.ri.el' /eriel; 'eariel/ trademark a type of washing powder or
liquid sold in the UK【商标】“碧浪”牌洗衣粉[液]〔在英国出售
的一种洗衣粉[液]品牌〕
Ariel2 a character in the play The TEMPEST by William
SHAKESPEARE. Ariel is a spirit with magical powers who works
for PROSPERO.爱丽儿〔莎士比亚戏剧《暴风雨》中的精灵，具有魔
法，侍候普洛斯彼罗〕
Ar-ies /`griz; 'eari:z/ n 1 [U] the first sign of the ZODIAC, repre-
sented by a RAM (=a male sheep)白羊宫〔黄道的第一宫)，白羊
座2 [C] someone born between 21 March and 20 April出生于
白羊宫时段〔自3月21日至4月20日〕的人—see also另见
ZODIAC(USAGE)
a·right /e`rait; e'rait/ ady fml correctly; properly【正式】正确地：
适当地：Have I understood you aright?我是否正确地理解了
你的意思呢
a·rise /e`raiz; e'raiz/varose /e`roz;e'reuz/,arisen /e`rizn;e'rizen/
[I] 1 [(from, out of)] to come into being or begin to be noticed;
happen; appear 出现，呈现；发生： Some unexpected difficul-
0072
ties/opportunities have arisen.出现了一些意外的困难[机会]。|
A strong wind arose. 刮起了一阵强风。| a meeting to discuss
any matters arising from the recent changes in the law 讨论
最近因法律变化而引起的各种问题的会议|The bank will ex-
tend your loan, should the need arise. (=if it becomes
necessary)如果出现这种需要，银行将延长你的贷款期。2 old use
or poet to stand up from sitting, kneeling, or lying【旧或诗】起
立；起来；起身：'I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree.'
(W.B.Yeats)“我就要起来走了，远去印尼斯弗里。”The words
'Arise, Sir.'are used in the ceremony that takes place when
someone is made a KNIGHT(“Arise, Sir.”这句话在策封骑士
的仪式上使用)- see also另见DUB
Ar·is.tide /aeri`stid; aeri'sti:d/, Jean-Ber.trand /3an ber`tran;
3Dn 'beetron/(1953-)a Roman Catholic priest from Haiti who
was elected President in 1990 but was forced by the army to
leave the country in 1991. In 1994 US military groups helped
him become President again.阿里斯提德((1953-)，海地天主
教神父，1990年当选海地总统，但1991年因军事政变而流亡，
1994年在美国军队的帮助下重登总统宝座〕
ar·is.toc.ra.cy /，aere`stakresi;aer'stokresi/ n 1 [C+sing./pl.
v] the people of the highest social class, especially people from
noble families who have titles of rank贵族；贵族阶级 - see
also 另见 UPPER CLASS 2 [C (of)] the finest, best, or most pow-
erful members of any group or class 最优秀[最有权势]的人：
The drivers are the aristocracy of the railwaymen's union.
机车司机是铁路工会中最权威的人物。3[U] government by
people of the highest social class, especially a class depending
on birth or wealth 贵族政治 - compare 比较 DEMOCRACY
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The UK has an official
aristocracy of people who have special titles. There are
five different ranks, which are, from highest to lowest:
duke, marquis, earl, viscount, and baron. Anyone who has
one of these titles is called a PEER and is allowed to be a
member of the HOUSE OF LORDS. Most of them are HE-
REDITARY peers, that is, their title is passed on from parent
to child. Others are LIFE PEERS, which means that they have
been made peers as a reward for their achievements, but
they cannot pass their title to their children.英国有一个公
认的贵族阶级，他们拥有特别爵位。这些贵族一共分五个等
级，由高至低依次为：公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵和男爵。拥有以
上头衔的人被称为贵族，可出席上议院。他们中大多数人是世
袭贵族，爵位可由子孙承袭；其余的人则是终身贵族，因杰出
成就而受封，但子孙不能承袭爵位。
ar.is.to.crat /e`riste kraet; 'erstekraet/ n a member of an aris-
tocracy 贵族（成员）
ar.is.to.crat.ic /e riste kraetik; aerste'kraetik/ adj of, like, or
typical of an aristocrat 贵族（似）的： an aristocratic family 贵
族家庭|her aristocratic manners 她的贵族气派
Ar.i·stoph.a·nes /，eri`stafe niz; aer'stofeni:z/(?457-?385 BC)
an ancient Greek writer of humorous plays, considered to be
the greatest writer of Greek COMEDY. His many plays include
The Frogs and LYSISTRATA.阿里斯托芬〔（公元前？457-前？385），
古希腊喜剧作家，被认为是最伟大的希腊喜剧作家，剧作繁多，包
括《青蛙》和《吕西斯忒拉忒》〕
Ar.is.totle /aeri statl; 'aerstotl/ (384-322 BC) a Greek PHILOSO-
PHER and scientist who has had great influence on Western
thought. He was a student of PLATO and the teacher of
ALEXANDER THE GREAT. His many works deal with subjects
such as science, politics, morality, and literature.亚里士多德
〔（公元前384-前322），希腊哲学家、科学家，对西方思想具有重
大影响，他是柏拉图的学生，亚历山大大帝的老师。他的许多著作
涉及科学、政治、道德和文学等方面的题材)-Aristotelian adj
a.rith·me.tic1/e`ri0me,tik; e'ri0metik/ n [U] the science of
numbers; the adding, subtracting, multiplying etc, of numbers;
calculation by numbers 算术 - compare 比较 MATHEMATICS
ar·ith·met·ic2/,eri0`matik;,eri0'metik/ also 又作-ical /-ikl;
-ikal/ adj of or concerning arithmetic 算术的 - ~ally /-k!i;
-kli/ adv
a.rith.me.ti.cian /e,ri0me`tifen;e,ri0me'tifan/n a person who
studies and understands arithmetic 算术家；精于算术的人
ar.ith.met.ic pro.gres.sion /，..../also 又作 arithmetical
progression /·.，..·/ n a set of numbers in order, in which a
fixed number is added to each to produce the next (as in 2， 4，
6,8,10,.)算术级数，等差级数<如2,4,6,8,10..>-com-
pare 比较 GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
Ar·i·zo·na /aere`zone;aer'zeune/ written abbrev.缩写为 AZ
a state in the SW of the US, north of Mexico, known for con-
taining a large area of desert亚利桑那州〔位于美国西南部，墨
西哥以北，以大面积沙漠著称)- see colour map on pages A2-3
参见A2-3页彩色地图
ark /ark; a:k/ n a large ship 大船
Ark, the 1 Noah's Ark in the Old Testament of the Bible, the
large boat that Noah built for his family and for two members
of every type of animal in the world, so that they would be
safe from the great FLOOD that covered the world(诺亚)方舟
〔《圣经·旧约》中记载，诺亚为家人及世上每类的一对动物所建的
大船，以躲避淹没世界的洪水)2 out of the Ark infml very old
or old-fashioned【非正式】极古老的；过时的：Some of the
school's computer equipment is out of the Ark.那所学校有些
电脑设备简直老掉牙了。
Ar·kan·sas arken so; 'a:kenso:/ written abbrev. 缩写为 AR a
state in the south central part of the US, west of the Missis-
sippi River 阿肯色州〔位于美国中南部，密西西比河以西〕 -see
colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
Ark of the Cov.e.nant, the /.../ in the Old Testament of
the Bible, the ancient box that contained two stone TABLETS
(=flat pieces of stone)on which were written the Hebrew laws
known as the TEN COMMANDMENTS. This word is now used
for a box or cupboard in a Jewish SYNAGOGUE that contains
holy writings.约柜〔《圣经·旧约》中记载的古代的一个箱子，里
面存放着两块约版，约版上记录了希伯来人的律法，即“十诫”。现
在指犹太教堂中存放经卷的箱子或柜子〕
Ark Roy.al, the /，../ a British Royal Navy AIRCRAFT CAR-
RIER built in 1936 and sunk in 1941 off Gibraltar皇家方舟〔英
国皇家海军的一艘航空母舰，1936年制造，1941年于直布罗陀海
峡附近沉没〕
Ark.wright arkrait; 'a:krait/, Sir Richard (1732-1792) a Brit-
ish factory owner who invented a machine for making cotton
into thread, a job that was formerly done by hand. This made
him and other factory owners very rich, but it also caused many
workers to lose their jobs.阿克赖特〔(1732-1792)，英国一工
厂业主，他发明纺纱机代替了以前的手工劳动，这使他和其他工厂
业主变得十分富有，但也造成大批工人失业)- see also另见IN-
DUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Ar.ling.ton Na.tion.al Cem.e.tery /，arlinten,nefen!
`smeteri;,a:linten,naefanel 'semtri/ a CEMETERY in Arlington,
Virginia, where people who were in the US army, navy, air
force, or government are sometimes buried. John F. KENNEDY
is buried there, and it also contains the TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN
SOLDIER.阿灵顿国家公墓〔位于弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿的一所公墓，
安葬美国海、陆、空三军的一些军人及一些政府官员。约翰·F.肯
尼迪也在此安息，另外还有一座无名战士墓〕
Ar.lott /arlet; 'a:let/, John (1914-1991) a British broadcaster
who for many years was a COMMENTATOR(=someone who
describes a sports event)on CRICKET for BBC radio 阿洛特
〔(1914-1991)，英国播音员，曾任英国广播公司电台板球评论员
多年〕
arm in arm 臂挽臂
*arm1/arm; a:m/ n 1 either of the two upper limbs of a human
being or other animal that stands on two legs 臂；上肢：She
carried the box under her arm.她胳膊下面挟着盒子。| The
soldier was wounded in the right arm.这位士兵的右臂受了
伤。| He put his arm round his elderly mother and walked
her to the car.他用胳膊搂着老母亲走向汽车。| He took her
in his arms(=held her closely) and kissed her.他拥抱并亲吻
了她。| They walked down the road arm in arm. (=with arms
joined)他们臂挽着臂地沿街往前走。| He's still only a babe
in arms.(=a small child needing to be carried)他还只是襁褓
中的婴儿。2 something that is shaped like or moves like an
arm 臂状物： the arm of my coatlof the chairlof a record player
我上衣的袖子；椅子的扶手；唱机的唱头臂|a long narrow arm
of the sea 伸入内陆的狭长海湾 3 a part or division of a group,
0073
especially of the military forces兵种，军种；部门；分支机构
the Fleet Air Arm (=the branch of the British Navy that uses
aircraft) 英国海军航空兵 | the UK arm of an international
corporation 一家跨国公司在英国的机构 」 the company's re-
search arm 公司的研究部门 4 keep someone at arm's length
to keep a safe distance away from; avoid being friendly with
someone （与某人）疏远，保持一定距离 - see also 另见 ARMS
cost an arm and a leg (COST2), a shot in the arm (SHOT1)
twist someone's arm (TWIST1) - ~less adj
*arm2y [I; T(with)] to supply (oneself or others) with weapons
or armour 为·提供武器装备，武装： The crowd armed them-
selves with broken bottles. 群众用破瓶子武装起来。| The coun
try armed (itself) in preparation for war.这个国家已武装起来
准备打仗。- opposite 反义词 disarm - see also 另见 ARMED
UNARMED
Ar·ma·da, the /ar`made; a:'ma:de/ a collection of armed ships
sent by Spain in 1588 against England but defeated by the
English navy. The word is sometimes used to describe any large
group of ships.无敌舰队〔1588年西班牙派出攻击英国的一支舰
队，但被英国海军打败。这个词有时用来形容大型船队〕-see
also 另见 Sir Francis DRAKE
ar.ma.dil.lo /arme`dilo; a:me'dileu/ n -los a small animal
which comes from the warm parts of the Americas, covered in
hard bands of bonelike shell 犰狳〔产于美洲的小动物，身上有
骨质硬壳〕
Ar.ma.ged.don /arme`gedn; a:me'gedn/ n a great battle or
war causing terrible destruction and bringing the end of the
world (from the place. Armageddon, in the Bible, where it is
said that a great battle will take place)〔世界末日时的〕大决战
〔源于地名哈米吉多顿，据《圣经》记载，那里将发生一场大战)
Millions of dollars were spent on bomb shelters and weap.
ons ready for a nuclear Armageddon,为应付核大战，已耗费
了数百万美元来建造防空洞及制造武器。
Ar.ma.gnac /，armen`jaek; 'a:menjaek/ trademark a type of
BRANDY (=a strong alcoholic drink) made in SW France and
usually drunk from a small glass after a meal【商标】阿马尼亚
克白兰地〔产于法国西南部的一种白兰地，一般饭后倒在小玻璃杯
里喝〕
Ar.ma-lite /arme lait; 'a:melait/ trademark a type of RIFLE(=a
long gun)made by a US company and known in the UK for
being used by the IRA. Members of the IRA sometimes used to
say that their method for achieving their aims was 'the Armalite
and the ballot box', meaning a combination of violent meth.
ods and normal political methods.【商标】阿玛莱特步枪〔美国一
家公司制造的来福枪。在英国，因爱尔兰共和军使用该枪而闻名。
过去爱尔兰共和军成员有时会说他们采用“阿玛莱特步枪加投票
箱”的方法来实现他们的目标，意思是说暴力手段和正常的政治手
段相结合〕
ar·ma·ment /`armement; 'a:mement/ n 1 [C often pl. 常用复
数] the arms and other fighting equipment of an army, navy
etc, or on a warship or military aircraft武器及装备，军备：chemi
cal armaments 化学武器」 the armaments industry 军火工业
2 [C often pl. 常用复数] an armed force or the total armed
forces of a country 〔一国的〕军队，兵力，武装力量 3 [U] the act
of preparing for war 武装，备战（行动） - compare比较DIS-
ARMAMENT
Ar·ma·ni /ar`mani: a:'ma:ni/, Gior.gio /`d3ord30;'d3o:d3eu/
(1935-)an Italian fashion DESIGNER whose suits are expen-
sive and very fashionable 阿玛尼〔(1935-)，意大利时装设计
师，所设计的服装价格昂贵，款式时髦)：smart young men in
Armani suits 身穿阿玛尼服饰的时髦小伙子
ar.ma.ture /armetfe; 'a:metfe'/ n 1 the part of a GENERATOR
(=a machine producing electricity) consisting of a piece of
metal with wire wound around it, that goes round and round so
as to produce electricity 〔发电机的〕转子，电枢 2 a similar part
in an electric motor that goes round and round so as to produce
movement 电动机电枢 3 a frame on which clay or other soft
material can be put to make a figure or model 〔支撑塑像的〕骨
架
arm-band /arm baend; 'a:mbaend/ n 1 a band of material worn
round the arm to show the wearer's official position, as a sign
of MOURNING etc 臂章：（服丧时戴的）（黑）臂纱 2 a band of plas.
tic filled with air, which children wear on their arms to help
them float in water while they learn to swim〔儿童学游泳时套
在臂上的一种充气的〕救生臂环
arm·chair' /arm,tfer; 'a:mtfee/ n a comfortable chair with
supports for the arms 扶手椅
armchair2 /arm,tfer; 'a:mtfee'/ adj [A] usually derog ready
to give advice or pass judgment, but not taking an active part
【一般贬】只说不做的，空谈的；an armchair critic/revolution
ary不切实际的批评者：空谈革命家
armed /armd; a:md/ adj 1 [(with)] having or using weapons or
armour 武装的； 有·装备的： I warn you that I am armed. 我警
告你，我带有武器。| The police were armed with truncheons
and riot shields. 警察用警棍和防暴盾牌武装起来。| They were
convicted of armed robbery.他们被判犯有持枪抢劫罪。
Could the situation lead to armed conflict? (=war)这种局势
会导致武装冲突吗？ | (fig. 喻) She came to the meeting armed
with all the facts and figures to prove her case.她带着能证明
她论点的所有事实和数据来出席会议。2 armed to the teeth very
heavily armed 武装到牙齿的；全副武装的
armed forc·es /. '·/ n [(the) P] the military forces of a country
usually the army, navy, and air force〔通常指国家的陆、海、空
三军〕军队：武装力量：武装部队
Ar·me·ni·a /ar`minie: a:'mi:nie/ a country in the extreme south-
west of Asia, surrounded by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and
Turkey. Population: 3,600,000(1995). Capital: Yerevan.亚美
尼亚〔亚洲最西南的一个国家，处于格鲁吉亚、阿塞拜疆、伊朗和土
耳其之间。人口：3,600,000(1995)，首都：埃里温)
arm-ful ^arm,ful; 'a:mful/ n [(of)] all that a person can hold in
one or both arms 〔单臂或双臂)一抱（之量） ： an armful of fresh
flowers 一抱鲜花
arm·hole /`arm hol; 'a:mheul/ n a hole in a shirt, coat etc
through which the arm is put〔衣服的〕袖孔
ar·mi·stice /`armestis; 'a:msts/ n an agreement to stop
fighting, usually for a short time. The word is especially used
to mean the armistice that brought the end of World War I. on
11 November 1918.停战，休战（协定）〔该词尤用于指1918年
11月11日结束第一次世界大战的停战协定)- compare比较
CEASE-FIRE,TRUCE
Armistice Day /'·.，/ November 11th, celebrated as the ANNI
VERSARY of the end of World War I in 1918 停战纪念日〔即 11
月11日，纪念1918年第一次世界大战结束〕 - see also 另见 RE-
MEMBRANCE DAY, VETERANS DAY and see Feature on page
B12并见B12页文化特写
*ar·mour BrE【英】‖armor AmE【美】`arme; 'a:me/ n [U] 1 strong
protective metal or leather covering for the body as worn for-
merly in battle by fighting men and their horses 盔甲；甲胄： a
suit of armour 一套盔甲 」 (fig.喻) He seems immovable in
his opposition to our plan, but I think I detect a chink in his
armour. (=a weak point in his position)他似乎坚决反对我们
的计划，毫无通融的余地，但我似乎发觉他也有薄弱环节可以突
破。2 strong protective metal covering on modern vehicles of
war〔现代战车上的)装甲： armour-clad warships/tanks 装甲战
舰；坦克车 3 the protective covering of some plants and ani-
mals某些动植物的防护性外层
ar·moured BrE【英】‖armored AmE【美】 /`arme-d;'a:med/ ad
1 protected by armour 装甲的： armoured vehicles 装甲车辆
2 [A] having fighting vehicles protected by armour 配备有装
甲车辆的：an armoured division 装甲师
armoured car /，· / n 1 an armoured military vehicle, usually
with a powerful gun 装甲车 2 a car protected by armour, used
especially by important people〔尤为重要人物使用的〕防弹车
The President rode in an armoured car.总统乘坐一辆防弹
车。
ar·mour·er BrE【英】‖armorer AmE【美】/`armere;'a:mere/
n a person who makes, repairs, and tests weapons and armour
制造、修理和试验武器及装甲的人；军械士
armour plate /，· '/ also 又作 armour pla·ting /，· ·/ - n [U]
a specially hardened metal cover used as protection for mili-
tary vehicles 装甲板 -- armour-plated /，· '·/ adj
ar·mour·y BrE【英】‖armory AmE【美】/`armeri; 'a:meri/n a
place where weapons are stored 军械库，武器库
arm.pit /arm pit; 'a:m,pit/ n 1 the hollow place under the arm
at the shoulder 腋（窝） 2 the armpit of. AmE infml used about
a place that is the ugliest or most unpleasant place in a particu-
lar area【美，非正式】最差的地方： I grew up in a city that was
once considered the armpit of the East Coast - Baltimore
我在巴尔的摩长大，那里曾被认为是东海岸最差的城市。」Bob
says Des Moines is the armpit of Iowa, but I have a friend
who loves it there.鲍勃说得梅因是艾奥瓦州最差的地方，但我
有个朋友却喜欢那儿
*arms /armz; a:mz/ n [P] 1 weapons of war 武器，军火： The gov-
ernment intends to cut expenditure on arms.政府打算削减军
备开支。| an arms control agreement 军备控制协议| They
have 50,000 men under arms. (=armed and ready to fight)他
们有五万名处在备战状态中的士兵。| The general called on the
defeated army to lay down their arms. (=stop fightir)将军
号召被打败的军队放下武器。|(lit 文)They took up arms
(=became soldiers) in defence of their country.他们拿起武器
0074
保卫祖国。2 a COAT OF ARMS. The word is sometimes used in
the names of PUBS, such as The Farmer's Arms.盾形纹章，盾
徽〔该词有时用于酒吧名，如 The Farmer's Arms 农民之家) -
see also 另见 COLLEGE OF ARMS 3 un in arms infml very an-
gry and ready to argue or fight 【非正式】非常气愤〔准备吵架或
打架)： The women are up in arms overlabout their low rate
of pay.这群妇女因不满低薪而愤怒抗议。-see also 另见SMALL
ARMS
arms con-trol /'/ n [U] the attempt by powerful countries to
limit the number and kind of weapons of war owned by them-
selves and other countries 军备控制
arms race /'/ n [usually sing.一般用单数] a continuing
struggle between two opposing countries in which each tries
to produce more and better weapons of war than the other 军备
竞赛
Arm-strong /armstran; 'a:mstron/, Lou.is /lui; 'lu:i/ (1900.
1971) a US JAZZ musician, band leader, and singer, who played
the TRUMPET and was also known as 'Satchmo'. He is consid
ered to be one of the most important jazz musicians ever, and
his low rough singing voice is easy to recognize. He also ap-
peared in many films. 阿姆斯特朗〔(1900-1971)，美国爵士音
乐家、乐队领班和歌手，他吹奏小号，人称“萨奇默”，被认为是有史
以来最重要的爵士音乐家之一。他的歌喉低沉粗哑，易于识别。他
还出演过许多电影〕
Armstrong. Neil /nil; ni:l/ (1930- )a US ASTRONAUT who
was the first man to go to the moon, in 1969. As he stepped
onto the moon, he said, 'One small step for a man, one giant
leap for mankind',阿姆斯特朗〔(1930-)，1969年第一个登上
月球的美国宇航员。他登上月球时说：“对个人来说是一小步，对人
类历史来说却是一大飞跃”〕
ar.my /armi; 'a:mi/ n [C+ sing./pl. v] 1 a the branch of a
country's military forces that is concerned with attack and de-
fence on land 陆军： to join the army 参军〔陆军)，入伍 」 a
modern well-equipped army 一支装备精良的现代化陆军」 an
army officer 陆军军官 b any military force trained to fight on
land 陆军部队： The radio station was seized by a rebel army
广播电台已被一支叛乱的陆军部队占领。2 any large group,es-
pecially one that is brought together for some purpose 大群人
团体〔尤指为某一目的而聚集到一起者)：An army of workmen
was brought in to build the stadium. 一大批工人被召来建筑运
动场。3 an army marches on its stomach a phrase which is
believed to have been said by Napoleon, meaning that soldiers
need good food in order to walk and fight 行军靠果腹〔据认为
是拿破仑说过的话，意思是士兵行军、作战需要吃得好)
army brat /'./ n AmE a person whose father was in one of the
armed forces, and who therefore probably moved often from
place to place as a child 【美】军人的孩子〔指父亲在军队服役的
孩子，所以小时候可能经常搬家〕
Arn-hem /arnem; 'a:nem/ a city in the Netherlands where Brit-
ish and ALLIED forces landed in WORLD WAR II and where a
great many soldiers died 阿纳姆〔荷兰一城市，第二次世界大战
期间英军和盟军登陆的地方，大批士兵阵亡于此〕
Ar·nold /`arnld; 'a:neld/. Ben.e·dict /`bnedikt; 'bendikt/
(1741-1801)an American military leader, known for betray-
ing (BETRAY) his country when he changed to support the Brit
ish during the AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR 本尼迪克特
阿诺德〔(1741-1801)，美国军官。美国独立战争期间，他出卖自
己的国家支持英国〕
Arnold, Mat.thew /`mae0ju; 'mae0ju:/ (1822-1888) a British
writer and poet, known for his poems such as Dover Beach
and The Scholar Gypsy, as well as for his books and ESSAYS
discussing literature and society 马修·阿诺德〔(1822-1888)
英国作家、诗人，以《多佛海滩》、《吉卜赛学者》等诗歌以及文学、
社会评论作品著称〕
Arnold, Roseanne the name which Roseanne BARR used when
she was married to the actor and COMEDIAN Tom Arnold 罗丝
安妮·阿诺德〔原名罗丝安妮·巴尔，与演员、喜剧演员汤姆·阿诺德
结婚后使用该名〕
A-road /`e rod; 'ei reud/ n in the UK, an important main road
that is not a MOTORWAY. The names of A-roads begin with the
letter A and then have a number, such as the A1 and the A414.
〔英国的〕主干公路〔它不是高速公路。主干公路名称用字母A和
数字相结合表示，如A1和A414〕
a.ro.ma /e`rome; e'reume/ n 1 a strong usually pleasant smell
芳香，香气，香味：the aroma of hot coffee 热咖啡的香味 2 a
noticeable feeling or quality connected with a place or situation:
AURA 气氛，氛围： An aroma of mystery hung about the place
这个地方笼罩着一种神秘的气氛
a.ro·ma.ther.a.py /e,rome`0repr;e,reume'0erepi/ n [U] a kind
of treatment using special oils to MASSAGE the body. This is
usually regarded as a form of ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE.芳香疗
法，香薰疗法〔一种使用特种油脂按摩人体的方法，常被视为属于
非传统医学〕
r.o.mat.ic /，aere`maetik;,aere'maetik /adj having a strong pleas-
ant smell 芳香的： Aromatic herbs are often used in cooking
芳香的植物常用于烹调。- ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
a.rose /e`roz; e'reuz/ past tense of ARISE
*a.round1 /e`raund; e'raund/ adv 1 especially AmE from one
place to another; to various places; about【尤美】到处，（去）各
处： I travelled around for a few years. 我到处旅行了好几年。|
The company is looking around for a suitable site for the
factory. 公司正到处寻找适合于建厂的地点。| Do you know
your way around?这一带你认识路吗？2 especially AmE in
various places; here and there; about 【尤美】在各处，四处，到处
Why are all these books lying around?这些书怎么扔得到处都
是？ 」 I haven't seen him around lately, 最近我没碰见过他。|
See you around! (=I'll see you somewhere soon.)再见！ 3 espe-
cially AmE on all sides; surrounding a centre 【尤美】四周，周
围： a prison with high walls all around 一所四周围着高墙的监
狱 」 The children gathered around to hear the story. 孩子们
围在一起听故事。4 in all directions from a centre 四面八方：
not a single house for miles around 方圆几英里之内没有一间
房屋 5 somewhere near; in the area 附近，在近处： Is there any
one around? 这里有人吗？ | I'll wait around for a while. 我就
在这附近等一会儿。6 especially AmE so as to face the other
way; round 【尤美】转过身： He turned around when he heard a
noise behina him.他听到背后有响声,就转过身来。7 especially
AmE moving in a circle; round 【尤美】旋转： turning around
and around 不断地旋转着 8 especially AmE measured in a
circle; round 【尤美】周长： a tree ten feet around 周长 10英尺
的一棵树 9 infml in existence or activity【非正式】现有的，活跃
的： one of the best artists around 现有的最佳艺术家之一 10
have been around infml to have had a lot of experience of life
【非正式】生活经验丰富；见过世面 - see 参见 ROUND3(USAGE)
*around2 prep 1 especially AmE on all sides of; all round
surrounding 【尤美】环绕，在·周围： We sat around the table.
我们围着桌子坐。| a long wall around the grounds 一道长长
的围在场院四周的墙 」He had a towel wrapped around his
waist. 他腰间缠着一条毛巾。2 from one place to another in; to
or in various parts of; about 到·四处，在·各处： They walked
around the town. 他们在城里到处走走。| books lying around
the room 摆在房间各处的书 | The store has about 20 branches
dotted around the country.这个商店在全国各地大约有20家
分店。3 in some place near (to); in the area of 在·附近：He
lives somewhere around Londor.他住在伦敦附近。」 There
must be a bank around here somewhere.这附近一定有一家银
行。4 a little more or less than; about 大约，大概： There were
around 200 people at the meeting.出席会议的大约有200人。|
The price has risen to around ￡5,000.价格已提高到 5000英
镑左右。| I'll be home around seven. 我将在7点左右到家。5
so as to avoid or get past; round 避开；绕道而行： Let's go
around the town, not through it.我们从城外绕过去，不要穿城
而过。| I don't think we can get around that problem. 我认为
我们无法回避那个问题。6 having a centre or base in 以··为中
心；根据；基于： Their society was built around a belief in God
他们的社会是建立在对上帝的信仰基础之上的。— see 参见
ROUND3(USAGE)
Around the World in Eighty Days/./ a book by
Jules VERNE about an Englishman called Phileas FOGG, who
travels around the world in 80 days with his servant
PASSEPARTOUT in order to win a BET《八十天环游地球》〔作者
儒勒·凡尔纳，讲述一位名叫斐利斯·福格的英国人和他的仆人百事
通为同别人打赌而作了80天的环球旅行)
a.rous.al /e`rauzl; e'rauzel/ n [U] the act of arousing or state of
being aroused, especially sexually 唤起；〔尤指性欲的〕激起
a.rouse /e`rauz; e'rauz/ v[T] 1 [(from)] fml to cause to wake:
ROUSE【正式】叫醒，唤醒： We aroused him from his deep sleep
我们把他从熟睡中叫醒。2 to cause to become active; excite 引
起：激起： Her behaviour aroused the suspicions of the police
她的行为引起了警方的猜疑。| sexually aroused 挑逗起性欲
ar·peg·gi.o /ar`pEd31,o; a:'ped3ieu/n -gios the notes of a mu-
sical CHORD played separately in upward or downward order
rather than all at once_琶音〔和弦从低音到高音或从高音到低音
的逐音弹奏〕
arr written abbrev. for 缩写=1 arranged(by)(由··)改编，改写：
music by Mozart, arr Britten 莫扎特原曲，布里顿改编2 a ar-
rives 到达 b arrival 抵达 - compare比较 DEP
ar.raign /e`ren; e'reim/ v [T (for, on)] tech to call or bring be-
fore a court of law, especially to face a serious charge 【术语】
提堂审讯，传讯：arraigned on a charge of manslaughter 因误
0075
杀罪而被提审 - ~ment n[C;U]
Ar.ran /`aeren; 'aeren/ an island in the Firth of Clyde, W Scot
land 阿伦岛〔苏格兰西部克莱德地区福斯湾中的一个岛屿〕
*ar.range /e`rend3; e'reimd3/ v1 [T] to put into a correct, pleasing.
or desired order 整理，排列，布置： to arrange flowers in a vase
把花在花瓶里插好 | The books are arranged on the shelves in
alphabetical order,书架上的图书是按字母顺序排列的。2[I+
about, for: T] to make preparations (for); plan or settle in ad-
vance 筹划，安排： I've arranged for a taxi. 我已安排好了一辆
出租车。| We must arrange about dinner,我们要安排一下晚
餐。| Let's arrange a meeting for next Friday. 我们安排在下
星期五开个会吧。| He called at 9.00， as arranged. 他如约在 9
点钟打来了电话。| [+to-y] We've arranged to meet them at
the restaurant. 我们已安排在餐馆与他们见面。| We've ar
ranged with them to meet at the restaurant, 我们已跟他们约
好在餐馆见面。| I've arranged for a doctor to see himlar-
ranged for him to be seen by a doctor.我已安排好医生给他看
病。| I've arranged with the electrician to call tomorrow.我
约好电工明天来。| [+wh-] We still have to arrange where to
meet. 我们还必须商量好在哪儿见面。| [+that] I've arranged
that one of our representatives will meet you at the airport.
我已安排好派一个代表到飞机场接你。3 [(T for)] to set out(a
piece of music) in a certain way, e.g. for different instruments
改编〔乐曲)： a symphony arranged for the piano 改编为钢琴
演奏曲的交响乐
arranged mar.riage /·/ n [C; U] a marriage where the
parents choose a husband or wife for their child, usually or
grounds of religion, social class etc. In Western society mar-
riages are not usually arranged by the parents of the two people
involved.包办婚姻〔指父母根据宗教、门第等来为孩子选择丈夫
或妻子。在西方社会孩子的婚姻一般不由父母来包办〕
ar.range.ment /e`rend3ment; e'reind3ment/ n 1 [C usually pl.
一般用复数] a plan made in preparation for something 安排；筹
划，准备：We must make arrangements for the wedding.我们
该为婚礼做筹备了。| He's in charge of the security arrange·
ments for the President's visit.他负责安排总统来访时的保安
工作。2 [C;U] something that has been settled or agreed on;
agreement 议定[商定]之事；协商： By (a) special arrangement
with the bank, we are being allowed to borrow a further
f10,000,经与银行特别协商，我们获准可以再贷款1万英镑。
It would normally cost ￡500 but I'm sure we can come to
some arrangement.正常价格是500英镑，但我相信我们可以再
协商。| [+to-v] I have an arrangement with my ex-wife to see
the children every weekend,我与前妻谈好每个周末我去看望
孩子。3 JU (of)] the act of arranging 整理，布置： the art of
flower arrangement 插花艺术 4 [C] something that has been
put in order 经过整理 [布置]的东西： a beautiful flower arrange
ment 漂亮的插花样式 5 [C; U] (an example of) the setting out
of a piece of music in a certain way, e.g. for different
instruments 〔乐曲的)改编；改编曲： an arrangement of an old
song for the piano 由一首古老的歌曲改编成的钢琴曲
ar·rant /`aerent; 'aerent/ adj [A] especially BrE yery bad:
complete; extreme【尤英】坏透了的；彻头彻尾的；极端的： arrant
nonsense一派胡言
ar.ray1 /e`re; e'rei/ v [T] fml or lit【正式或文】1 to set in order 部
署、使排列成阵： The enemy forces were arrayed on the oppo
site hill.敌人在对面的山头上摆好阵势。2 to dress, especially
splendidly 盛装，打扮： arrayed in all her finery 花枝招展地打
扮起来
array2n 1 [C (of); U] fml a collection or ordered group【正式】
排列整齐的一队人；一长列（物品）：troops lined up in battle
array 按战斗队形排好的部队 」 a baffling array of facts and
figures 一大串令人难解的事实和数字 2 [C; U] lit fine clothes
especially for a special occasion 【文】〔特殊场合穿的)盛装 3 tech
a set of numbers or signs, or of computer memory units, ar-
ranged in rows and COLUMNs【术语】〔数字、符号的〕排列，数列
阵列；数组- see also 另见 DISARRAY
ar·rears /e`rirz; e'riez/ n [P] especially BrE【尤英】1 money that
is owed from the past and should have been paid （过期未付的）
欠款： He was in arrears with the rent. 他的租金还拖欠着。
The rent was two months in arrears. 租金拖欠了两个月。2 work
that is still waiting to be done 等着要做的工作： arrears of work
that have piled up 成堆等着要做的事
ar.rest1 /e`rast; e'rest/ v [T] 1 to seize by the power of the law
逮捕，拘捕： He has been arrested on suspicion of murder and
taken into custody. 他因有谋杀嫌疑而被拘押。2 fml to bring
to an end; stop 【正式】抑制；阻止： The treatment arrested the
growth of the disease. 治疗抑制了病情的恶化。| arrested de
velopment 受到遏制的发展 3 fml to catch and fix (especially
someone's attention);ENGAGE(3)【正式】引起（某人）注意：吸
引： The bright lights arrested the baby's attention.明亮的灯
光吸引了婴孩的注意力。
arrest2n [C; U] the act or an example of arresting 逮捕： The
police made several arrests. 警方逮捕了几个人。| He was soon
put/placed under arrest.他不久就被逮捕。
*ar.riv.al /e`raiv]; e'raivel/ n 1 [U] the act of arriving 到达，抵达：
We apologize for the late arrival of the aircraft. 我们对飞机
误点表示道歉。| He was rushed to hospital but was dead on
arrival.他被急速送往医院，但在抵达时已死亡。| The arrival
of the computer has revolutionized the publishing industry
电脑的出现革新了出版业。2 [C] a person or thing that has ar-
rived 到达者；到达物： They went out to welcome the new ar-
rivals. 他们出去欢迎新来的人。| The new arrival was a healthy
baby boy.刚出生的是一个健康的男婴
*ar.rive /e`raiv; e'raiv/ v [I] 1 to reach a place at the end of a
journey 到达，抵达〔目的地)： We arrived home safely. 我们平
安到家了。| What time does the plane arrive in New York?飞
机何时到达纽约？ - compare 比较 DEPART (1) 2 to come to a
blace, especially by arrangement 〔如约)来到： Shall we start
now, or shall we wait for the others to arrive?我们现在就开
始，还是等其他人都来齐了？3 to be brought or delivered to a
place 到，传送；投递： Has the post arrived yet?邮件送来了吗？
I'm still waiting for those books I ordered to arrive,我预订的
那些书尚未到，我还在等着。4 to happen as expected or arranged;
come〔预期会〕发生；〔经安排要〕出现；来临： At last the great day
arrived. 这伟大的日子终于盼到了。| Her baby arrived (=was
born) yesterday. 她的孩子是昨天出生的。5 to win success 成
功； They felt they had really arrived when they made their
first record.他们灌制第一张唱片时，感到确实成功了。
arrive at sthg. phr v [T] to reach, especially after much ef-
fort or thought; come to〔经过努力)达成，作出：After many
hours' talk, the committee arrived at a decision,委员会讨论
了几小时以后作出了一项决议。
ar.ro.gant /aeregent; 'aeregent/ adj unpleasantly proud, with
an unreasonably strong belief in one's own importance, and a
lack of respect for other people 傲慢的，妄自尊大的； an arro-
gant official 一个趾高气扬[目中无人]的官员 」 arrogant
behaviour 傲慢的举止 - ~ly adv - -gance n [U]: his insuf
ferable arrogance 他那令人难以忍受的傲慢态度
ar.ro.gate /`aere,get; 'aeregeit/ v[T (to)] fml to take or claim
(for oneself) without a proper or legal right【正式】霸占；冒称；
擅取： Having seized power in the country, he arrogated to
himself the right to change the law. 他攫取了国家大权之后，
便擅自修改了法律
arrow /aero; 'aereu/ n 1 a thin straight stick with a point at one
end and feathers at the other, which is shot from a BOW3 ir
fighting or sport 箭，矢 2 a sign like an arrow （→） used to
show direction or the position of something〔指示方向或方位
的)箭号，箭头： The casualty department is in the east wing
take the next left and follow the arrows.伤病员急诊室在东侧
在前面的路口往左转，然后跟着箭头的方向走
ar.row.head /aero,had; 'aereuhed/n a pointed piece of stone
or metal fixed to the front end of an arrow 箭镞，箭头
ar.row·root /aero rut; 'aereuru:t/ n [U] flour made from the
root of a tropical American plant 葛粉
arse /ars; a:s/ n BrE taboo slang【英，讳，俚】1 also 又作 ass
AmE【美】 - the part of the body one sits on; BOTTOM 屁股，
臀部 2 also 又作arse·hole `arshol;'a:sheul/ ‖asshole Amb
【美】- a the ANUS 肛门 b a stupid annoying person 愚蠢而又
讨厌的人 3 get your arse/ass in gear also 文作 get your butt
in gear AmE infml【美，非正式】a rude expression used in or-
der to tell someone to hurry or try harder 快一些；加油干〔粗俗
的表达方式)： Come on, get your arse in gear! We're late
already.你他妈的快点！我们已经迟到了！ | If you get your butt
in gear, we might actually get done tonight. 如果你加油干的
话，我们也许今晚就能做完。4 cover your ass AmE【美】also又
作 cover your butt slang a rude expression, meaning to do
something now to protect yourself from criticism or blame if
something goes wrong in the future【俚】趁早遮好屁股逃脱罪
责〔粗俗的表达方式]：I'm going to give you some advice,
Danny - you have to learn to cover your ass. 让我给你一些
忠告，丹尼——你必须学会保护自己。I knew I'd get blamed
if things went wrong, so I tried to cover my butt.我知道如果
事情搞砸了我就会挨骂，因此我拼命找些借口
USAGE 用法说明 Using 'butt'is less rude than using
'ass', but it is better to use cover your back which is not
rude at all. 使用“butt”要比“ass”文明些，但最好使用 cover
your back,那样才不显粗俗
0076
5 someone is talking out of their arse /ass infml a rude ex
pression used in order to say that someone is talking as if they
know something when they do not【非正式】吹大牛〔粗俗的表
达方式)：“He says the account reports will be ready by to-
morrow.\" \"He's talking out of his ass - he hasn't even
started it yet.”“他说财务报告明天就能做好。”“他在吹大牛
他还没开始写呢。”| Stop talking out of your arse. You've never
even been to Greece, so how do you know what the weather's
like?别胡扯了，你从没去过希腊，怎么知道那里的天气是怎样的？
6 kick/whip (someone's) ass AmE【美】 also 又作 kick/whip
some ass or kick/whip someone's butt slang a rude expres-
sion, meaning to beat someone easily in a fight, game, com-
petition etc【俚】〔打架、比赛、竞赛中轻松地〕打败，胜过：You
just try telling him he's stupid to his face.He'll kick your
ass.你当面说他蠢试试看，他会打得你屁滚尿流。| I mean, how
many times do we have to whip their asses before he ad-
mits we're the best team in the conference?我的意思是，我
们要赢他们多少次，他才肯承认我们是协会中的最佳球队？⊥Oh
come on, in a soccer game England would kick some Ameri-
can ass. You know it's true.噢，得了，足球比赛英国人胜美国
人易如反掌。你知道这是事实。7 something kicks ass AmE
【美】also 又作 someone kicks ass at (doing) something slang
a rude expression used in order to say that you think some-
thing is very good, or that someone is very good at doing some-
thing【俚】顶呱呱的人[物][粗俗的表达方式)：Jamie's new
board really kicks ass. I want one of those.杰米新买的滑板真
他妈的棒，我也想要一块。|“You know that game where you're
in the car - Kit's the best at that.\" \"Yeah, she really kicks
ass at driving games.”“开车这玩意儿你知道的 —— 基特是最
棒的。”“是啊，她开车真他妈的有两下子。”8 kick ass slang【俚】
顶呱呱的： Mitsubishi makes a kick ass sports car. My friend
Joe's got one.三菱公司制造了一款顶呱呱的跑车，我朋友乔就
买了一辆。9 kiss someone's arse/ass a rude expression, mean
ng to try very hard to please or impress someone, especially
someone who is more powerful than you, in a way that other
people find very annoying 谄媚；拍马屁〔尤对上级，态度令人作
呕)： Frank'll kiss your arse when he's talking to you, but he
won't do you any favours,弗兰克只会在口头上讨讨你欢喜，但
他不会帮你什么忙的。| You know she gets good grades be-
cause she kisses the teacher's ass.你知道的，她因为拍老师马
屁才得到好成绩。10 be a pain in the arse BrE【英】‖be a
pain in the ass AmE【美】 infml a rude expression used about
someone who is very annoying, or something that you do not
like to do, or that is difficult to do【非正式】令人头痛〔粗俗的表
达方式)： Irene can be a real pain in the arse, she always
wants to know exactly what you're doing, and why,艾琳真叫
人头痛，你在干什么啦，你为什么要这样干啦，她都要打听。|Get-
ting people to fill in forms properly is a pain in the arse - no
one wants to do it.要别人正确填写表格真是件头痛的事—-没
人愿意这样做。| I hate to be a pain in the ass about this,
but if you don't hand your work in on time we won't grade
it.我不想让你讨厌，但如果你不能准时上交作业，我们是不会打
分的。
□USAGE 用法说明 Because these expressions are fairly
rude, it is safer to use be a pain (in the neck), or more
polite words instead of 'arse'or 'ass'. In British English
backside'or \"bum'can be used instead.In american
English ‘butt' can be used,由于这些表达方式相当粗俗，
所以保险一点的话可使用 be a pain (in the neck)或用比
较文明的词来替代“arse”或“ass”。英国英语可用“back-
side”或“bum”来代替，美国英语则可用“butt”来代替：It's
not the boy's fault he's a pain in the backside its his
parents' fault,那个孩子惹人厌并不是他的错——是他父母
的错。
arse2 ν
arse about/around phr v [I] BrE taboo slang to waste time
【英，讳，俚】胡扯，浪费时间；游手好闲
ar.se.nal /arsnel; 'a:sanel/ n 1 a government building where
weapons and explosives are made or stored 兵工厂；军火库 2 a
store of weapons 一大批储备的武器： The police found an ar-
senal of knives and guns in the terrorists' hideout.警方在恐
怖分子匿藏的场所发现了一大批刀枪之类的武器。
Arsenal an English footbal team from North London 阿森纳队
〔伦敦北部的一个英国足球队〕
ar.se.nic /`arsnik; 'a:sanik/ n [U] a very poisonous substance,
of which one chemical form is used in medicine and for killing
rats砷，砒霜
ar.son /arsn; 'a:san/ n [U] the crime of setting fire to property
纵火[放火]（罪）：The police suspect arson.警方怀疑是有人纵
火。— ~ist n
*art1 /art; a:t/ n 1 [U] the making or expression of what is
beautiful, e.g. in music, literature, or especially painting 艺术
<如音乐、文学，尤指绘画>：The museum contains some price
less works of art.博物馆珍藏的一些艺术作品都是无价之宝。|
Dance is an exciting art form.舞蹈是一种令人激动的艺术形
式。2 [U] things produced by art, especially paintings and
SCULPTURE 艺术品〔尤指绘画与雕塑)： an exhibition of Afri
can art 非洲艺术（品）展览会 3 [C: U] skill in the making or
doing of anything 技术；技巧： Driving a car in Central Lon-
don is quite an art! (=needs great skill)在伦敦市中心开汽车
可真需要点技术！ | Television is ruining the art of conversa
tion. 电视简直是在糟蹋对话艺术。4 art for art's sake art is
important simply because it is art, and not because it makes
money or has any practical use 为艺术而艺术〔指艺术重要只是
因为它是艺术，而不是因为它能帮人赚钱，也不是因为它具有实用
价值) - see also 另见 ARTS. BLACK ART,FINE ART, FINE ARTS,
PLASTIC ART, POP ART
art2vthou art old use or bibl (when talking to one person) you
are【旧或圣经】你是〔对一人讲话时用〕
art dec.o /ar`dako; a: 'dekeu/ n [U] a style of art and decora-
tion popular in the 1920s and 1930s in Europe and America,
using especially simple shapes and man-made materials装饰
派艺术（风格）〔一种装饰风格，流行于20世纪20年代和30年代
的欧洲和美国〕
art di-rec.tor /'·.·/ n the person who arranges the clothes,
lighting, and scenery for a film〔拍电影时安排服装、灯光和布
景的〕美术指导
ar.te.fact /`arti faekt;'a:tfaekt/ n an ARTIFACT 人工制品
Ar·te·mis /artemes; 'a:tmis/ in Greek MYTHOLOGY, the god-
dess of hunting and the moon. In Roman mythology her name
is DIANA.阿耳忒弥斯〔古希腊神话中的狩猎女神和月亮女神，罗
马神话中称狄安娜〕
ar.ter.i.al /ar`tiriel; a:'tiariel/ adj [A] 1 (of blood) sent from
the heart in the arteries 动脉的： Arterial blood is bright red.
动脉血是鲜红色的。-- compare 比较 VENOUS 2 (of a road, rail-
way etc) main; forming one of the chief parts of a large system
〔道路、铁路等〕干线的： arterial roads leading into London 通
往伦敦的公路干线
ar·ter·i.o.scle.ro.sis /artiri,oskli`rosis;a:tierieuskl'reuss/
n [U] a diseased condition in which the walls of the arteries
become thick and hard and so prevent the easy flow of blood
through the body.The condition is often called hardening of
the arteries.动脉硬化（症） - see also 另见 ATHEROSCLERO
SIS
ar.te.ry /`arteri; 'a:teri/ n 1 one of the tubes that carry blood
from the heart to the rest of the body 动脉 - compare 比较
VEIN 2 a main road, railway, river etc〔道路的)干道；〔铁路的〕
干线；〔河流的〕主流，干流
ar·te·si·an well /ar`ti3en`wl; a:,ti:zien 'wel/n a well in which
the water is forced to the surface by natural pressure 自流井，
喷水井
Ar.tex /`artaks; 'a:teks/ trademark a type of substance like thick
paint with lots of small hard pieces in it, sold in the UK and
used for covering CEILINGS and walls inside a house 【商标】
“亚泰”涂料〔在英国出售的一种厚涂料，内含许多小的硬颗粒，用
于天花板和内墙〕
art-ful /`artfel; 'a:tfal/ adj cleverly deceitful; CUNNING 狡猾的；
奸诈的： He's very artful and usually succeeds in getting what
he wants. 他很狡诈，因此常常能成功地达到目的。- ~ly adv -
~ness n [U]
Artful Dodg.er, the /·. / a character in the book OLIVER
TWIST by Charles DICKENS. The Artful Dodger is a young PICK-
POCKET(=someone who steals things from people's pockets)
who belongs to a group of thieves led by FAGIN,逮不着的机灵
鬼〔查尔斯·狄更斯所著的《奥利弗·特威斯特》中的人物，费金小偷
团伙中的小扒手〕
art gal.le.ry /'.·/n a building in which works of art are put
on show to the public, either for sale or purely for them to be
admired or studied 艺术作品陈列馆，艺术画廊
art house /'/ n [C] a cinema that shows mainly foreign films
or films made by small film companies.艺术影院〔主要放映外
国影片或小公司制作的影片〕
ar.thri-tis /ar`0raitis; a:'0rait!s/ n [U] a serious, often long-last-
ing disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body
关节炎--tic /ar0ritik; a:'0ritik/ adj,n
Ar.thur /`ar0; 'a:0e/ in old stories, a king of Britain 亚瑟〔传
说中的一位不列颠国王〕- see 参见 ARTHURIAN LEGEND -
Arthurian adj
0077
Arthur An-der·sen /，. '·./ trademark a large international
company that provides services for businesses, especially AC
COUNTANCY and financial advice【商标】安达信公司〔一家国际
性大公司，为商业机构提供服务，尤其是会计和金融咨询方面的服
务〕
Ar·thu.ri·an Le.gend /ar,0urien `led3end; a: 0juarien 'led3and
old stories about King Arthur, which were first told more thar
1000 years ago, and are found in Welsh, English, French, and
German literature. Arthur became King of Britain when he
succeeded in pulling a sword called Excalibur out of a stone -
something that only the person who would be the king could
do. Arthur is known for being brave, fair, and morally good
His court at CAMELOT was famous for bravery, CHIVALRY, and
magic which was practised by the MAGICIAN MERLIN and the
SORCERESS MORGAN LE FAY.There at the round table sat
the bravest KNIGHTS in the land, the KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND
TABLE. These knights included Sir GALAHAD, Sir LANCELOT
and Sir Bedivere. Arthur's power began to fail when he dis-
covered the love between his wife.Guinevere.and his best
friend, Lancelot, and the knights began the long search for
the HOLY GRAIL (=the cup used by Jesus Christ at his last
meal) which was finally found and brought back by Galahad
Arthur's strength then returned and he went into battle to
save Britain from MORDRED, an evil knight. Arthur killed
Mordred, but he was seriously wounded. He gave Excalibur
to Bedivere and ordered him to throw it into a lake. Wher
he did this, the hand of the LADY OF THE LAKE appeared
from under the water, caught the sword, and disappeared
under the water with it. Then three women arrived on a boat
and took Arthur to the island of AVALON to die. It is said that
Arthur will return if Britain is ever in danger again,亚瑟王传
奇〔传说中亚瑟王的故事，开始流传于1000多年前，在威尔士、英
格兰、法国及德国的文学作品中都有描述。亚瑟是惟一一个能从石
头中抽出神剑的人，因而赢得了不列颠的王位。亚瑟王勇敢、正直、
高尚。他在卡米洛的宫廷以勇敢、骑士精神以及术士默林和仙女摩
根的魔法而闻名。宫廷的圆桌边坐着国内最无畏的圆桌骑士，包括
加拉哈、朗斯洛和贝德维尔。亚瑟王发现王后圭尼维尔与自己最好
的朋友朗斯洛之间的奸情后，他的力量开始削弱。于是骑士们开始
了寻找圣杯的漫长历程，圣杯最终由加拉哈找回。亚瑟王因此恢复
了力量，他亲赴战场，杀死邪恶的骑士莫德莱拯救了英国，但自己
也身负重伤。他把神剑交给贝德维尔，命他扔入湖中。湖夫人将
手伸出水面接住神剑后又隐身湖底。接着三个女人驾舟而至将亚
瑟王带到阿瓦隆岛安逝。据说，不列颠若再陷危难，他将重返故
土〕
ar.tic /ar`tik; a:'tik/ n BrE infml an articulated (ARTICULATE
(3)lorry【英，非正式】铰接式货车
ar·ti·choke /`arti tfok; 'a:ttfeuk/ n [C; U] 1 also 又作 globe
artichoke - a plant whose leafy flower is eaten as a vegetable
It is thought of as a DELICACY, and is quite difficult to eat
pecause of its shape 朝鲜蓟，洋蓟〔其叶片状花可作蔬菜食用
被认为是一款佳肴，但由于它的形状奇特，食用起来颇为不便〕2
also 又作 Jerusalem artichoke - a plant whose potato-
like root is eaten as a vegetable 菊芋〔其块根似马铃薯，可食
用〕
*ar.ti.cle1 /`artikl; 'a:tikal/ n 1 a particular or separate thing
or object, especially one of a group 一件物品： an article of
clothing 一件衣服 」 The burglars took no articles of value,
这些盗贼没有拿走值钱的东西。2 a separate piece of writing
on a particular subject in a newspaper, magazine etc, that is
not FICTION 〔非虚构性的〕文章，论文，专论： an article on the
new football managerlon the Chinese way of life 一篇介绍
新上任的足球经理的文章;论述中国生活方式的文章3 a complete
separate part in a legal agreement, CONSTITUTION etc〔合同协
议、宪法等的〕条目，条款 4 tech a word used with a noun to
show whether the noun refers to a particular example of some-
thing (the definite article - the in English) or to a general or
not already mentioned example of something(the indefinite
article - a or an in English)【术语】冠词<如英语的定冠词为
the,不定冠词为 a 或 an> - see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE:
Articles
*article2v[T (to, with)] to place under ARTICLES 签约当见习员
订约将·收为学徒： I am articled to a firm of solicitors. 我签了
约在一家律师事务所当见习员。
articled clerk /，./ n a person training to be a lawyer in En-
gland and Wales who has taken some of his or her examina
tions and works for two years for a trained lawyer to learn how
the law works in practice. Articled clerks are now usually called
trainee solicitors.见习律师；合约律师〔在英格兰和威尔士，学
习当律师的人必须通过考试，并为训练有素的律师工作两年以了解
法律的实际运作。现一般称为“trainee solicitor”〕
ar·ti·cles /`artiklz; 'a:tikelz/ n [P] a written agreement in law
between an employer and someone learning a profession or
job〔雇主与见习员订的〕见习契约：师徒合约
Articles of Con-fed.e-ra-tion, the /......·/ an agreement
made in 1781 by the 13 original colonies (COLONY) of the US
which established a government for the US, and which was
used as the basic law of the country until the CONSTITUTION OF
THE UNITED STATES was written and agreed in 1789《十三州邦
联条例》〔1781年由美国最初的13个殖民地制定，确立了美国政
府并用作为国家的基本法律，后为1789年制定并通过的《美国宪
法》所取代〕
ar·tic.u.late1/ar`tikjelit; a:'tikjlt/ adj 1 expressing or able to
express thoughts and feelings clearly and effectively 能清
楚有力地表达思想感情的，表达力强的： a very articulate chila
说话清楚伶俐的孩子 2 (of speech) having clear separate
sounds or words 〔讲话〕口齿清楚的，发音清晰的 - opposite 反
义词 inarticulate; compare 比较 INTELLIGIBLE 3 tech having
joints【术语】有关节的，关节相连的： Many insects are articu
late animals. 许多昆虫都是节肢动物。- ~ly ady - ~ness n
[U]
ar.tic.u.late2 /ar`tikje,let; a:'tikjleit/v1 [T] to express thoughts
and feelings clearly 清楚地表达〔思想和感情) ： He finds it very
difficult to articulate his distress,他感到很难表达清楚自己的
痛苦。2 [I; T] to speak or pronounce, especially clearly and
carefully 口齿清楚地说话 [发音] 3 [T] to unite by joints that
allow movement 以关节相连接： The bones of our fingers are
articulated.我们的手指骨是以关节相连接的。| An articulated
yehicle/lorry/bus can turn corners more easily. 铰接式车辆
[货车]转弯时较为方便。
ar.tic.u.la.tion /ar tikje`lefen; a: tikj'leifan/ n 1 [U] the pro
duction of speech sounds 发音，咬字： clear articulation 清晰
的发音 2 [U] the expression of thoughts and feelings in words
〔思想、感情的〕表达3 [C] tech a joint, especially in a plant 【术
语】关节；〔尤指植物的〕节
ar-ti-fact, arte- /`arti faekt; 'a:tfaekt/ n an object made by hu-
man work, especially a tool, weapon, or decorative object that
has special historical interest人工制品<如人工制造的工具、武
器等)；手工艺品：an exhibition of ancient Egyptian artifacts
古埃及器物展览
ar·ti-fice /`artefis; 'a:tf3s/ n fml【正式】1 [C] a clever trick 诀
窍，窍门： The use of mirrors in a room is an artifice to make
the room look larger.在房间里装上几面镜子是使房间显得更
为宽敞的妙计。2[U] clever skill;CUNNING 巧计：诡计
ar·tif.i.cer /ar`tifese; a:'tifese/ n1 lit a skilled workman【文】
能工巧匠，技工 2 a naval or military MECHANIC〔海军或陆军中
的〕机械士，技术兵
*ar·ti-fi-cial /arte`fifel;a:t'fifeladj 1 made by humans, es-
pecially as a copy of something natural 人造的，人工的，假的
〔尤指仿照自然品而作的)；This drink contains no artificial
flavouring or colouring.这种饮料不含人造香精和着色剂。| ar-
tificial flowers 人造花 」 artificial silk 人造丝 2 lacking true
feelings; insincere 虚假的；不真挚的，矫揉造作的： She wel-
comed me with an artificial smile. 她以虚伪的微笑欢迎我。3
happening as a result of human action, not through a natural
process 人为的： High import taxes give their homemade goods
an artificial advantage in the market,高进口税使他们本国的
产品在市场上取得人为的优势。- ~ly ady; Government subsi-
dies have kept the price of food artificially low. 政府给以补贴
的办法人为地降低了食品的价格。一~ity /artefifi'aeleti;
a:tfifi'aelti/n [U]
artificial in.sem.i.na.tion /...../ n [U] the process of put-
ting a male seed into a female animal or human, with an in
strument rather than naturally. Women who find it difficult to
become PREGNANT can be treated by using artificial insemina-
tion.人工授精〔不易怀孕的妇女可以采用这个方法〕- see also
另见AID
artificial in·tel-li·gence /·.·/ also又作 AI - n [U] a branch
of computer science which aims to produce machines that can
understand, make judgments etc, in the way that humans do人
工智能〔电脑科学的一个分支
artificial res·pi·ra·tion /，·· ·'·/ also 又作 mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation, kiss of life n [U] the forcing of air into and out
of the lungs of a person who has stopped breathing by blowing
into the mouth 人工呼吸 - compare 比较 CPR
ar-til-le-ry /ar`tileri; a:'tileri/ n 1 [U] large guns, especially on
wheels or fixed in one place, e.g. on a ship or in a fort 炮，大炮
2 [the+S+sing./pl. v] the part of the army that uses these weap-
ons 炮兵
ar·ti·san artezn; a:t'zaen/ n someone who does skilled work
with their hands; CRAFTSMAN 工匠，手艺人
0078
art·ist `artist; 'a:tst/ n1 a per-
son who produces works of art.
especially paintings or draw-
ings 艺术家；美术家，〔尤指〕画家
2 an inventive and skilled
worker 有创造性的技术工人，高
手，名家：He's no ordinary
baker -- he's an artist.他是个
非同寻常的面包师——他简直是
个艺术大师。3 an ARTISTE 艺人
4 (in comb.用于复合词) infml
someone who is skilled in a par-
ticular activity, especially a bad
one【非正式】擅长做某事〔尤指
坏事)的人： a rip-off artist 神偷
ar·tiste /ar`tist; a:'ti:st/ n a professional singer, actor, dancer
etc who performs in a show 职业演艺人员，艺人
ar·tis·tic /ar`tistik; a:'tistik/ adj 1 [no comp.无比较级] of
concerning, or typical of art or artists 美术的，艺术的：美术家
的，艺术家的： the artistic temperament 艺术家的气质 2 apprec
having or showing inventive skill and imagination in art【褒】
富有艺术创造力的，艺术性强的：He's very artistic.他很有艺术
才华。」 an artistic flower arrangement 有创意的插花艺术 -
~ally /-kli; -kli/ ady; My daughter is artistically inclined.我
女儿生性爱好艺术
art.ist.ry /artistri; 'a:tstri/ n [U] apprec inventive imagina
tion and ability; artistic skill【褒】创作天资：艺术才华：艺术性
the artistry of the violinist 小提琴家的艺术才华
art·less /`artlis; 'a:tles/ adj simple and natural, without any
deceit or insincerity 天真自然的，淳朴的；不矫揉造作的：artless
grace 淳朴的优雅风度 | an artless village girl 一个淳朴的农
村女孩 - ~ly ady - ~ness n [U]
art nou·veau /`ar nu`vo;a: nu:'veu/ n [U] a style of art and
decoration common at the end of the 19th century in Europe
and America, using flowing lines and plant forms. In Britain.
art nouveau is connected especially with the work of Aubrey
BEARDSLEY, Charles Rennie MACKINTOSH, and William
MORRIS.新艺术派〔19世纪末流行于欧美的一种美术及装饰形式。
采用流畅的曲线和叶状形态作装饰。在英国，新艺术派尤其指奥布
里·比尔兹利、查尔斯·伦尼·麦金托什和威廉·莫里斯〕
arts /grts; g;ts/ n [the+P] 1 also,又作 humanities ‖ arts and
letters AmE【美】 - those subjects of study that are not con.
sidered to be part of science, such as history and languages
especially as taught at a university〔大学中的)人文学科，文科：
an arts graduate 文科毕业生 -- see also 另见 BA, MA, LIB-
ERAL ARTS 2 arts, especially the FINE ARTS 美术，艺术： Should
the government provide money to support the arts?政府是否
应该拨款资助美术事业？
arts and crafts /，·'/ n [P] the arts that are concerned with
making ordinary things by hand, such as POTTERY, weaving,
furniture-making etc 手工艺，工艺（美术）
Arts Coun-cil, the /'·/ an organization in Britain which is
supported by the government and provides financial help for
many different organizations involved in the theatre, art, music
the cinema etc 艺术总会〔英国的一个机构，由政府支持，向戏剧
美术、音乐、电影等方面的各个不同组织提供财政援助〕
art thea·ter /'，·/ n AmE a cinema which shows mainly for-
eign films or films which were made by independent produc-
ers rather than big companies【美】〔专演外国电影或由独立制片
人所制作的电影的〕艺术剧院
art·y `arti; 'a:ti/ ‖usually 一般作 art·sy /`artsi; 'a:tsi/ AmE【美】
adj often derog trying to appear artistic【常贬】冒充懂艺术性
的，附庸风雅的：arty lighting/photography 故作艺术性的灯光
照明[摄影] - -iness n[U]
art·y-craft·y /，arti `kraefti;,a:ti 'kra:fti/ BrE【英】‖art·sy.
craft·sy /，artsi `kraeftsi;,a:tsi 'kra:ftsi/ AmE【美】adjusually
derog arty in a simple or country style 【一般贬】冒充懂艺术的
土气的： They're a very arty-crafty couple - she makes clothes
and he's a potter. 他们是很平庸的一对夫妻 — 妻子是个裁
缝，而丈夫是个陶工。
arty-far·ty /，·'·/‖usually 一般作 art·sy-fart·sy /，artsi `fortsi
a:tsi 'fa:tsi/ AmE【美】adj infml derog arty【非正式，贬】附庸
风雅的
A·ry.an /`erien; 'earien/ n someone who comes from northern
Europe, especially someone with fair hair and blue eyes. Ary-
ans were considered by the German NAZIS to be the best race
of people.雅利安人〔指北欧人，尤指金发碧眼的白种人，德国纳
粹分子所谓的最优秀民族)- Aryan adj
ta
s1 /ez; ez; strong 强读 aez; aez/ adv, prep 1 (used in compari.
sons and examples) equally; like〔用于比较和举例〕相同，像··：
He's not as old as me.他年纪没有我大。  He's as strong as
artist 艺术家：画家
an ox. 他强壮得像头牛。| She's clever, but her brother is jus
as clever. 她很聪明，不过她弟弟也一样聪明。| I only like small
animals, such as cats and dogs. 我只喜欢诸如猫狗之类的小动
物。| The disease attacks such animals as cats and dogs.这
种病会侵袭像猫和狗一类的动物。2 in the condition of; when
considered as being 作为；如同； I like her as a person, but I
don't think much of her as a writer. 作为一个普通人，我是喜
欢她的，但是作为一个作家，我对她的评价并不高。| He works
as a farmer. 他（的职业）是个农民。| This is regarded as
(=thought to be) his best film.这部影片被认为是他所拍的最好
的一部。| She was dressed as a man. 她穿戴得像个男人。|
speaking as a teacher, I am in favour of these refoms.作为-
个教师，我赞成这些改革。| His talents as a film actor were
soon recognized.作为电影演员，他的天才很快得到了赏识。|
Several businesses went bankrupt as a result of the oil crisis.
数家企业破产了，这是石油危机造成的后果。- see参见 LIKE
(USAGE)
*as2 conj 1 (used in comparisons)〔用于比较)像··一样： She
doesn't run as fast as she used to.她跑得不如从前那样快。|
He works in the same office as my sister.他和我姐姐在同一个
办公室工作。| I was as surprised as anyone when they of
fered me the job. (=no one was more suprised than me)当他们
把这份工作给我做的时候，没有谁比我更吃惊的了。| Two is to
four as four is to eight. 2 比4就好像4比8一样。2 in the way
or manner that 照·的方式；如同：Do as I say!照我所说的去
做！ | He was late, as usual. 同往常一样， 他又迟到了。| David,
as you know (=and you know this), is a photographer.你是知
道的，戴维是个摄影师。| As I said in my last letter, I am tak-
ing the exam in July.我上次信里已经说过，我7月份要考试。
3 while; when 正当·的时候：随着··： He saw her as he was
getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车的时候，他看见她了。」 As
the election approached, the violence got worse. 随着大选临
近，暴力事件也愈演愈烈。4 because 因为，由于： As she has no
car, she can't get there easily,她因为没有汽车，去那里很不容
易。5 though 尽管，虽然： Improbable as it seems, it's true.虽
然看起来似乎不可能，却是真的。| Tired as I was. I tried to
help them.尽管我已经很累，我还是尽力帮助他们。|(especially
AmE尤美) As popular as he is (=even though he is popular)
the president has not been able to get his own way on every
issue.这位总统虽然很有声望，仍然不能事事都按自己的意思去
办。6(with so or such, showing a result)〔与 so 或 such 连用，
表示结果)如此·以至：so cold as to make swimming impos·
sible 冷得不可能游泳 」 such an expression on his face as left
no doubt of his decision 他脸上的表情表明他的决定不容怀疑
see also 另见 SO', SUCH' 7 (showing a purpose) 〔表示目的)
为了： He ran away so as not to be caught, 为了不被抓住，他逃
跑了。8 as against in comparison with 与··相比较： Our prof-
its this year amount to ￡20,000 as against ￡15,000 last year.
与去年的（利润）15,000英镑相比，我们今年的利润总数为2万英
镑。9 as for sometimes derog (used when starting to talk about
a new subiect connected with what came before)when we
speak of; concerning【有时贬】〔用于连接前面所谈，转入新的话
题〕至于，就··而论[而言]： You can have a bed; as for him, he'll
have to sleep on the floor. 有一张床给你，至于他，就只能睡在
地板上了。10 as if/though: a as it would be if (something
were true)仿佛，就好像 （某事是真的似的） ： I couldn't move my
legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor.我无法挪动我的
两条腿，就好像它们钉在地板上似的。| Why doesn't she buy us
a drink? It isn't as if she had no money. (=she has plenty of
money)她为什么不请我们喝一杯？她又不是没有钱。b in a way
that suggests that(something is true)假定，好像（某事是真的）：
He shook his head as if to say ‘don't trust her'.他摇头好像是
要说：“不要相信她。”| We've missed the bus. It looks as if (=it
seems) we'll have to walk. 我们误了公共汽车。看来我们只好
步行了。c(showing a strong negative 表示强烈的否定)：“He's
gone.” “As if I cared!”(=I don't care at all).“他走了。”“我才
不在乎呢！”11 as it is: a in reality; in the situation that actually
exists 事实上，实际情况是： We had hoped to finish it today,
but as it is we probably won't finish until tomorrow. 我们原
本希望今天能做完它，但实际情况是我们或许要等到明天才能做
完。b already 已经，早就是： Don't say anything else; you're
in enough trouble as it is. 不要再说了，你现在已经够麻烦的啦。
12 as it were as one might say; in a sort of way 好像是，可以说
是，换句话说： He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes
他可以说是个当代的福尔摩斯。13 as of/from starting from(the
time stated)从··时候起： As of today, you are in charge of the
office.从今天起由你负责办公室的工作。14 as to: a (used es-
pecially when speaking of arguments and decisions) on the
subject of; concerning〔尤用于争论和作出决定时〕有关，关于：
0079
He's very uncertain as to whether it's the right job for him.
关于他究竟是否适合做这项工作，他实在拿不准。b according to
by 依照： correctly placed as to size and colour 按照大小和颜
色正确地放置好的 15 as yet fml (with negatives 与否定式连
用)until now【正式】到目前为止（还没有），至今（仍不）：I have
receivea no answer from them as yet. 我至今还没有得到他们
的答复。- see also 另见 as long as (LONG2), as often as not
(OFTEN). as/so far as (FAR1)
USAGE 用法说明 In comparisons, you can use as or so
after not.在作比较时，可以在 not 后面用 as 或 so: He's
not as/so old as I am,(她年龄没有我大。) Otherwise use as
如前面没有 not,则只能用 as: She's as pretty as her sister.
(她像她姐姐一样漂亮。)In AmE the first as in such com-
parisons is sometimes omitted 在美国英语中作比较的第一
个 as 有时省略： He's old as the hills. （他已经非常老了。）
She turned red as a beet. （她脸色变得绯红。）
ASA, the /e s`e; ei es 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写= the ADVERTIS
ING STANDARDS AUTHORITY
asap /，e s e `pi;ei es ei 'pi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= as soon as
possible 尽早
as.bes.tos /aes`bestes; aes'bestes/ n [U] a soft grey mineral that
is used as a building material (especially when made into solid
sheets against fire and heat)and for other industrial purposes.
such as protecting things. In recent years, asbestos used in
building has been found to be harmful to humans.石棉〔用作
建筑材料以及用于其他工业用途。近来年已发现石棉用于建筑对
人体有害〕
as·cend /e`send; e'send/ v [I; T] often fml to climb; go, come
or move from a lower to a higher level 【常正式】上升，攀登： The
stairs ascended in a graceful curve.楼梯呈优美的弧线形向上
盘旋。| He ascended the stairs. 他登上楼梯。| Victoria as-
cended the throne (=became queen) in 1837.维多利亚（女
王)在 1837年登上王位。| an ascending scale of (musical
notes （音乐的）升调 - opposite 反义词 descend
as·cen·dan·cy,-dency /e`sendensi; e'sendensi/n [U (over, in)]
a position of power, influence, or control 权势；优势；统治权，
支配地位：He slowly gained ascendancy overlin the group. 他
渐渐地控制了这群人
as·cen·dant',-dent /e`sendent; e'sendent/ n in the ascendant
having a controlling influence有支配力或影响力；占优势地位：
During this period, the radical wing of the party was in the
ascendant.这一时期，党内的激进派占了上风。
ascendant2, -dent adj fml【正式】1 rising 上升的 2 greater in
influence 影响力渐大的： ascendant power 日益扩大的权力
as.cen.sion /e`senfen; e'senfan/ n [U] fml the process of
ascending【正式】上升，升高
Ascension Day /.'./ n [C; U] a Christian holy day on the
Thursday 40 days after Easter, when Christians remember
Christ's ascent to heaven(the Ascension)耶稣升天节〔复活节
过后40天的星期四〕
as-cent /e`sent; e'sent/ n 1 [C; U] the act or process of going up
上升，攀登： We made a successful ascent of the mountain.我
们成功地登上了这座山。| (fig. 喻) the ascent of man from his
original state to modern civilization 人类从原始状态到现代文
明的演进 2 [C] a way up; upward slope, path etc 向上的路；上
坡： a steep ascent 陡坡 - opposite 反义词 descent
as.cer.tain /，esaten; aese'tein/ v [T] fml to discover (the truth
about something); to make certain【正式】弄清，确定，查明： to
ascertain the facts 查明真相 」 [+that] I ascertained that he
was dead. 我断定他已死了。| [+wh-] The police are trying to
ascertain exactly who was at the party. 警方试图查明都有谁
参加了聚会。- ~able adj
as·cet·ic /e`setik; e'setik/ n. adj (a person) avoiding physical
pleasures and comforts, generally for religious reasons〔尤指
由于宗教原因而)禁欲的人，苦行者；禁欲的，苦行的：the ascetic
life of Buddhist monks 佛教僧人的清苦生活 - ~ally /-kli; -kli/
adv -- ~ism /e`setesizem;e'setsizam/n [U]
ASCllaeski; 'aeski/ abbrev. for 缩写= American Standard Code
for Information Interchange; a set of 128 letters, numbers, and
signs, which are used to make the exchange of information
between a computer and other DATA PROCESSING equipment
easy美国信息交换标准（代）码〔一组由128个字母和数字等组成
供电脑或其他数据处理机使用的代码〕
as.cot /`aesket; 'aeskot/ n AmE for【美】=CRAVA
Ascot - see 参见 ROYAL ASCOT
as.cribe /e`skraib; e'skraib/ v
ascribe sthg. to sthg./sbdy. phr v [T] to believe (something)
to be the result or work of 把··归于： He ascribes his success
to luck. 他把他的成功归之于运气。| This song is often ascribed
to Bach.这首歌曲常被说成是巴赫所作。- -cribable adj [F+to]
As.da /`aezde; 'aezde/ trademark a group of British SUPERMAR
KETS which sells clothes, food and many things for the home
【商标】阿斯达超级市场〔英国的一个超市集团，出售服装、食品及
家居用品〕
ASEAN /`aesi,aen; 'aesi aen/ abbrev. for 缩写= Association of
South-East Asian Nations: an association whose aim is to en-
courage the economic development of SE Asia. Its members
are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei.
Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and the Philippines.东南亚国家
联盟〔旨在促进东南亚经济发展的一个组织，其成员包括印度尼西
亚、马来西亚、泰国、新加坡、越南、文莱、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸及菲
律宾
a.sep.tic /e`septik; ei'septik/ adj tech (of a wound or its
covering) free from bacteria; clean【术语】〔伤口或覆盖伤口之
物〕无菌的；经消毒的
a·sex·u·al /e`sckfuel; er'sekfuel/ adj 1 without sex or sexual
organs 无性（别）的；无性器官的 2 having no interest in sexual
relations; without sexuality 对性关系无兴趣的，没有性欲的-
~ly adv: to reproduce asexually 无性生殖 - ~ity /e,sεkfu-
aeleti;eisekfu'aelati/ n [U]
As.gard /aesgard; 'aesga:d/ in Norse MYTHOLOGY, the home of
the gods and of people who died bravely in battle 阿斯加尔德
〔斯堪的那维亚神话中诸神及阵亡英雄的住所〕- see also另见
VALHALLA
*ash1/aef; aef/ also 又作 ashes pl. - n [U] 1 the soft grey pow-
der that remains after something has been burnt灰，灰烬： ciga
rette ash 香烟灰 | The house burnt to ashes. 那房子烧成了灰
烬。- see also 另见 ASHES 2 ashes to ashes, dust to dust a
phrase used as part of a Christian prayer at a funeral, usually
spoken as the dead person is about to be buried 来自尘土，归于
尘土〔在葬礼上，死者下葬之前宣读的基督教祈祷文中的一句话)
*ash2n [C; U] (the hard wood of) a forest tree common in Brit-
ain and throughout North America 梣树；梣〔又称白蜡树〕〔常
见于英国及北美〕
ASH /aef; aef/ abbrev. for 缩写= Action on Smoking and Health;
a British organization that opposes smoking and the tobacco
industry. It tries to influence the government to put high taxes
on tobacco and to make laws that restrict smoking, cigarette
advertising etc.禁烟与保健行动〔英国一反对吸烟及烟草工业的
组织。它试图向政府施加影响，希望政府提高烟草行业的赋税，并
制订法律限制吸烟及烟草广告等〕
*a.shamed /e`femd; e'feimd/ adj [F] 1 [(of)] feeling shame or
guilt because of something done 羞耻的；内疚的；惭愧的： You
ought to be ashamed of yourselflof your behaviour.你应当为
你自己[自己的行为]感到羞耻。| He was ashamed of having
lied to her. 他因对她说了谎而感到内疚。| [+that] He was
ashamed that he had lied. 他很惭愧自己说了谎。| [+to-v] Their
disgraceful behaviour made me ashamed to be British! 他们
不光彩的行为使我耻于做英国人！2[(of)] feeling foolish or un-
comfortable because of something 感到不好意思的，难为情的：
He was ashamed of his dirty old clothes.他为他肮脏的旧衣服
而感到难为情。| You shouldn't worry about failing the exam
— it's nothing to be ashamed of.你不用为这次考试不及格而
烦恼——这没有什么好感到不好意思的。3 [+to-v] unwilling to
do something because of fear that it might bring shame〔由于
羞耻而〕不愿意（做某事）的；不好意思（做）··的；羞于··的：I was
too ashamed to tell her I had failed. 我不好意思告诉她我不及
格。-- ~ly /e`femidli;e'feimdli/ adv
ash·can /`aefkaen; 'aefkaen/ n AmE old fash a DUSTBIN【美，过
时】〔家庭用的〕垃圾箱[筒]
Ash-croft /`aefkroft; 'aefkroft/, Dame Peg.gy /`pagi; 'pegi/
(1907-1991) a popular British actress who appeared in the thea-
tre in many Shakespeare plays, and in films such as The Thirty-
Nine Steps (1935) and A PASSAGE TO INDIA (1984). She also
appeared in the television programme The Jewel in the Crown
(1984).阿什克罗夫特〔(1907-1991)，广受人们喜爱的英国女演
员，在舞台上演出过许多莎士比亚戏剧，并演出电影《步步惊心》
(1935)、《印度之行》(1984)等。她也参加过电视节目《皇冠上的
珠宝》(1984)的拍摄
Ash·down /`aefdaun; 'aefdaun/, Paddy (1941- ) a British
politician, leader of the LIBERAL DEMOCRATS since 1988. Be-
fore he became a politician, he was an officer in the Royal
Marines and was involved in dangerous, secret military
activities.阿什当〔(1941-)，英国政治家，1988年起成为自由民
主党领袖，从政之前为皇家海军的一名军官，参加过危险的秘密军
事行动〕
Ashe /aef; aef/, Arthur (1943-1993) a US tennis player who, in
1975, was the first black man to win the men's SINGLES com
0080
petition at WIMBLEDON. He died after receiving blood infected
with the AIDS virus.阿希〔(1943-1993)，美国网球员，1975年
成为第一个获得温布尔登网球公开赛男子单打冠军的黑人选手，因
接受输血而感染艾滋病去世〕
ash·en /`aefen; 'aefan/ adj of the colour of ash; pale grey灰
(白)色的： His ashen face showed how shocked he was.他面
如土色，说明他是多么震惊。
ash·es /`aefiz; 'efz/ n [P] the remains of a dead body after it
has been cremated (CREMATE) （尸体火化后的）骨灰： Her ashes
were scattered over the sea.她的骨灰撒在大海里
Ashes n [the+P] the name given to the competition between the
English and Australian cricket teams 门灰板球赛〔指英格兰队
与澳大利亚队之间的板球比赛)：England has retained the Ashes
for the third year running.英格兰队已连续3年在门灰板球赛
上夺冠
Ash·ke·na·zv /.efke`ngzi;efke'ng:zi/. Vlad.j·mir /ylaedimir
vlaedmie/(1937-)a PIANIST and CONDUCTOR(=someone
who directs a group of musicians) who was born in the former
SOVIET UNION. He was musical DIRECTOR of the ROYAI
PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA in London from 1987 to 1994.阿
什肯纳齐〔(1937-)，出生于前苏联的钢琴家，也是乐队指挥。
1987至1994年任伦敦的皇家爱乐乐团的音乐总监
Ash-ley /aeflr; 'aefli/, Lau.ra /lore; 'lo:re/ (1925-1985) a Welsh
designer of flowery dress materials, WALLPAPER, and clothes
who started the company called LAURA ASHLEY in the 1960s
阿什利〔(1925-1985)，威尔士花饰衣料、壁纸和服装设计师，20
世纪60年代创办劳拉·阿什利公司〕
Ash·mo·le·an Mu.se·um, the /aef molien mju`ziem:
ef,meulien mju:'zi:em/ also 又作 the Ashmolean a famous
MUSEUM of ancient history and ARCHAEOLOGY in Oxford
England, which also contains important collections of paintings,
jewellery, historical documents etc 阿什莫尔博物馆〔位于英格
兰牛津的一所著名的古代历史及考古学博物馆，还收藏了一些重要
的绘画作品、珠宝及历史文献等
shore /e`for; e'fo:/ adv on, onto, or to the shore在岸上；向岸
上： Passengers may go ashore at Kingston.乘客可以在金斯
顿上岸
ash-ram /`aefrom; 'aefrem/ n 1 a place where a Hindu holy man
lives alone〔印度教高僧的〕静修处 2 a house where people live
together practising Hinduism. They are often connected with
the HIPPIE movement of the 1960s and 1970s.〔印度教的〕集体
修行场所〔常与20世纪60.70年代的嬉皮士运动有关
Ash·ton /`aeftn; 'aeftan/. Fred·e·rick /`frederik; 'fredarik/(1904
1988)a British dancer and CHOREOGRAPHER who helped to
make BALLET more popular in the UK. He was director of the
ROYAL BALLET from 1963 to 1970.阿什顿〔(1904-1988)，英
国舞蹈家、编导，他使芭蕾舞在英国更加普及，1963年至1970年
任英国皇家芭蕾舞团总监)
ash-tray /`eftre; 'aeftrei/ n a small dish for tobacco ash 烟
灰缸
Ash Wednes·day / '·/ n [C; U] the first day of Lent, when
some Christians put ashes on their foreheads as a sign of PENI-
TENCE 圣灰星期三〔四旬节[大斋节]的第一日，在这一天，有些基
督教徒抹灰于额头以示忏悔
ash·y /`aefi; 'aefi/ adj 1 covered with ash 以灰覆盖的 2 grey;
ASHEN灰（白）色的
A.sia /`efe; 'eife/ the world's largest CONTINENT (=one of
the seven main areas of land), which includes the countries
of the Middle East and the countries between the Ural Moun
tains and the Pacific Ocean, such as India, China, Japan, and
part of Russia 亚洲〔世界上最大的洲，包括中东诸国及乌拉尔山
脉与太平洋之间的一些国家，如印度、中国、日本及俄罗斯的一部
分〕
Asia Mi.nor /，../ the name for the main part of Turkey east of
the SEA OF MARMARA, which is used especially when talking
about the history and ARCHAEOLOGY of this area 小亚细亚〔指
马尔马拉海以东的土耳其主要地区，尤在谈论该地区的历史、考古
时使用)-see also另见ANATOLIA
A.sian /efen; 'eifan/ n someone who comes from Asia, or whose
family originally came from Asia. In the UK this usually means
someone from India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh. In the US it usu-
ally means someone from Japan, Korea, Vietnam, or the
Philippines.亚洲人〔在英国该词一般指印度人、巴基斯坦人或孟
加拉国人，而在美国一般指日本人、朝鲜人、越南人或菲律宾人〕-
Asian ad
Asian flu /·/ n [U] a variety of INFLUENZA (=flu) which
spread from Asia to become a worldwide EPIDEMIC in 1957亚
洲型流行性感冒〔1957年从亚洲开始蔓延至世界各地的流行性传
染病〕
A.si.at.ic /efi`aetik; eifi'aetik/ adj from or connected with Asia
亚洲的：Asiatic societies 亚洲社会
*a.side1 /e`said; e'said/ adv 1 to the side 到[靠]一边，在旁边
She stepped aside to let them pass. 她站到一旁让他们通过。
(fig. 喻) Let's leave that problem aside for the moment. 让我
们暂时把那个问题先搁一搁。2 aside from especially AmE【尤
美】a except for 除··之外： Everything was quiet, aside from
the occasional sound of a car in the distance.除了远处偶尔
有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。b as well as 既··又··： I didn't
accept the job because it was badly paid and aside from that,
it wasn't very interesting. 我没接受这个工作，因为工资既少，
又非常乏味。
aside2n 1 words spoken by an actor to those watching a play.
and not intended to be heard by the other characters in the play
〔戏剧中的〕旁白，窃语 2 a remark in a low voice not intended
to be heard by everyone present〔不是说给别人听的〕低声说的
话 3 a remark made or story told during a speech but which is
not part of the main subject 离题的话
A-side /e said; 'er said/ n the side of a POP record that has the
main song on it. The other side is called the B-SIDE. A面〔流行
乐唱片包含主打歌曲的一面，另一面称为“B面”〕
As·i·mov /aezemaf; 'aesimpv/, Isaac (1920-1992) a US scien-
tist and writer, born in Russia, and best known for writing SCI-
ENCE FICTION (=stories about life in the future and imaginary
developments in science)阿西莫夫((1920-1992)，美国科学家
和作家，生于俄罗斯，以科幻小说著称〕
as.i·nine /esn ain; 'aesnain/ adj extremely foolish; stupid非
常愚蠢的： What an asinine remark!多么愚蠢的话
*ask /aesk; a:sk/ v 1 [I; T (about)] to request (information) from
(someone); put a question to (someone), or call for an answer
to (a question)问，询问，打听： She asked about his new job.她
打听有关他新职务的事。|“Have you seen my pen?”she asked.
“你见过我的钢笔吗?”她问道。|Don't ask so many questions
不要问那么多的问题。|“Where's Tom?”\"Don't ask me! '
(=Idon't know)“汤姆在哪里？”“别问我！[我怎么知道！]”
\"What crazy scheme has he got in mind now?”\"You may
well ask! \"(=That is a good question because it certainly is
something crazy)“他现在又在考虑什么疯狂计划？”“你问得好！”
\"I think he likes her.” \"If you ask me, he's in love.\"“我觉得
他喜欢她。”“照我看，他是在恋爱呢。”|“Do you know of a good
dentist?\" \"No. You'll have to ask around.\" (=ask a lot of
people)“你知道有什么好的牙科医生吗？”“不知道，你不妨多问问
(别的人)。”| [+wh-] The committee asked whether the min-
ister knew about these facts.委员会要了解这位部长是否知道
这些事实。| [+obi+wh-] Ask him where to go/who he is/ if
he'd like a drink.问他该去哪儿；问他是谁：问他要不要喝一杯。
Might I ask what you are doing in my bedroom?请问你在我
的卧室里干什么？|[+obj(i)+obj(d)] Ask him his name.问他叫
什么名字。2 [I;(for)] to make a request for (something) or to
(someone)要求，请求： If you need any help, just ask,如果你
需要帮助，尽管提出来。| She asked (me) for a drink.她请求
(我)给她一杯酒。|He asked my advice.他征求我的意见。
They asked permission (to go).他们要求得到许可（去）。| [+to
v] I asked to see the manager. 我请求见经理。| [+obj+to-v]
She asked him to wake her at 6 o'clock.她请他在6点钟叫醒
她。| [+that] (fml 正式) He asked that they (should) be al
lowed to leave. 他请求准许他们离开。| She asked him if he
would lend her his car. 她问他是否能把汽车借给她。| I think
the job's yours for the asking.(=if you show that you want it)
要是你提出要求，我看你就可以得到这份工作。|[+obj(i)+obj
(d)] Can I ask you a favour ？(=ask you to do something for
me)我能否请求你帮个忙？| I'm notasking the world (=asking
for something unreasonable), I only want five minutes of your
time.我的要求并不过分，我只要你抽出5分钟时间。-see参见
ORDER (USAGE), REQUEST (USAGE) 3 [T (for, of)] to expect
or demand(something) from someone索求，指望〔某物)：索
价： They're asking a lot of money for their house.他们对房子
索价很高。| You're asking a lot/too much (of them) if you
expect them to work at the weekend. 如果你要他们在周末工
作，你就是（对他们）要求得太过分了。4[T(to,for)] to invite
邀请： I've asked some friends to tealfor dinner.我请了几个朋
友来喝茶[吃饭]。| I asked her in/up/down for a drink. 我邀请
她进来[上来；下来]喝一杯。| He wanted to ask her out (=to
go out with her socially), but he didn't have the courage to do
it.他想请她出去玩，但是没有勇气这样做。| [+obi+to-y] Let's
ask them to stay for the weekend. 让我们邀请他们周末来小住
吧。|“Are you going to the party?”“No, I haven't been
asked.”“你去参加聚会吗？”“不，我没有接到邀请。”5 Ask, and
it shall be given you, quote a phrase from the Bible, now of-
ten used humorously【引】你们祈求，就给你们〔引自《圣经》，现
常作幽默的用法〕
0081
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 ask,inquire,question
and 和 interrogate. Ask is the usual verb for questions
Ask 是提问题常用的动词： “Where do you live?” he asked
(“你住在哪里？”他问。)」He asked a question.(他问了-
个问题。)Inquire (or enquire) has the same meaning, but
is more formal, and is not followed by a noun or pronour
object. Inquire(或 enquire)与 ask 意思相同，但更为正式，
且后面不能与名词或代词宾语连用：“Where do you live?’
he inquired.(“你住在哪里？”他问道。) | He inquired where
tey livea.(他问他们住在哪里。) To questic a a pe is
to ask them many questions, and to interrogate suggests
that the person is being held by force and asked questions
which they are unwilling to answer. to question a person
(询问某人)，意即向他问许多问题；而 to interrogate(讯问)
意味着受讯问者被强制拘留，并被迫回答一些他不愿回答的问
题。
ask after sbdy, phr y [T] to ask about the health of; ask for
news of （向某人）问好，问候： “My mother asked after you.'
“How kind of her!”“我母亲向你问好。”“多谢她的关心。
ask for sthg. phr v [T] infml to behave in a way that is likely
to bring(a bad result)【非正式】招致〔某种坏的结果)，自找麻烦：
Letting the children play with those matches was just asking
for trouble! 让小孩玩那些火柴真是自找麻烦！ - compare 比
较HEAD2for
a.skance /e`skaens; e'skaens/ adv look askance (at) to look (at)
or regard with disapproval or distrust〔不高兴地)侧目，〔以怀疑
的目光〕注视，瞟视
a·skew /e`skju; e'skju:/ adv not properly straight 歪地，不正地：
The soldier's cap was slightly askew. 那个士兵的帽子稍微有
点歪
asking price /'./ n the price that a seller asks for his/her goods
开价，索价，要价： Did you get the asking price for your house?
你的房子是按要价卖掉的吗？
a·slant /e`slaent; e'sla:nt/ adj, adv [F] at an angle; not straight
or level斜的[地]，歪的[地]
a·sleep /e`slip; e'sli:p/ adj [F] 1 sleeping 睡着的： He was sound/
fast asleep.(=completely asleep)他睡得很熟。- opposite反
义词 awake 2 (of an arm or leg that has been in one position
too long) unable to feel; NUMB〔手臂或腿因某种姿势太久而感
觉〕麻木的 - see also 另见 go to sleep (SLEEP1) 3 fall asleep:
a to go into a state of sleep 入睡 b euph to die【婉】长眠，死去
A/S lev.el /e`Es level; er 'es,leval/ n 1 an examination in a
particular subject, which students in England and Wales can
take after they have taken their GCSES. Two A/S levels are con-
sidered to have the same value as one A LEVEL.高级补充程度
会考〔英格兰和威尔士的学生通过普通中学教育证书考试后可参加
该项测试，两科高级补充程度会考的分值相当于一科高级程度考
试)2 the course that students study in order to prepare for this
examination. They usually start this when they are 16 and study
for two years.高级补充程度会考预备课程〔学生一般在16岁开
始读这个课程，为期两年〕
asp /aesp; aesp/ n a small poisonous snake of N Africa.
CLEOPATRA is believed to have killed herself with an asp.
蝰：蝮蛇〔产于北非的一种小毒蛇。相传克娄巴特拉是用这种蛇自
杀的〕
as·par·a.gus /e`spaereges; e'spereges/ n [U] a plant whose
young green stems are eaten as a vegetable芦笋，石刁柏
ASPCA, the /e es pi si`e; er es,pi: si: 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写=
the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals;
a CHARITY organization that takes care of animals, especially
pets whose owners treated them badly or did not want them.
and tries to find new homes for them. There is a similar organ
ization in the UK called the RSPCA.美国防止虐待动物协会〔一
慈善机构，负责照料动物，尤其是遭虐待或遗弃的宠物，并为它们
寻找新家。英国一个类似的机构叫做皇家防止虐待动物协会〕
as.pect /`aespkt; 'aespekt/ n 1 [C (of)] a particular side of a
many-sided situation, idea, plan etc〔事态、想法、计划等的某个〕
方面： The training programme covers every aspect of the job
训练计划的范围包括了这种工作的各个方面。| The rise in vio
lent crime is one of the more worrying aspects of the curren
situation,目前形势中更值得忧虑的方面是暴力犯罪率的上升。
2 [C] the direction in which a window, room, front of a build-
ing etc faces 〔窗户、房间、房子等的〕朝向，方位： The house has
a south-facing aspect.这所房子朝南。 3 [C; U] lit appearance
【文】面貌，模样，神态： a man melancholy in aspect 一个神色
忧伤的人 4 [C; U] tech (in grammar) the particular form of a
verb which shows whether the action that is described is a con-
tinuing action or an action that happens always, repeatedly, or
for a moment【术语】动词的体〔表示动作的继续、重复、终止等不
同状态，尤用于斯拉夫语系)：'He sings'differs from 'He is sing-
ing'in aspect. “He sings”的体有别于“He is singing”。
as.pen /aespen; 'aespen/ n a kind of tree which is common in
the American southwest 颤杨，大齿杨〔常见于美国西南地区〕
as.per·i·ty /aes`pereti; ae'sperti/ n [C; U] fml (an example of)
roughness or severity, especially in speech, manner, or weathe
【正式】〔说话、态度等的〕粗鲁，刻薄：〔气候的〕严酷：He answered
our questions with some asperity.他回答我们的问题时态度有
些粗暴。| the asperities of a Russian winter 俄国冬天的严寒
as.per.sion /ae`sp33en; e'sp3:fan/ n fml or humor an unkind
remark or unfavourable judgment【正式或幽】诽谤，中伤，诬蔑：
Are you casting aspersions on (=raising doubts about) my abil-
ity to drive?你是不是故意使人对我的驾驶技术产生怀疑？
as.phalt /`aesfolt; 'aesfaelt/ n [U] a black sticky material that is
firm when it hardens, used for the surface of roads 沥青，.柏油
- asphaltν[T]
as·phyx·i·ate /aes`fiksi et; aes'fiksieit/ v [I; T] fml to (cause to)
be unable to breathe air; especially to die or kill someone in
this way; SUFFOCATE【正式】（使）无法呼吸；〔尤指〕（使）窒息而
死 - -ation /aes,fiksi`efen;aes,fiksi'eifan/ n [U]
as.pic /`aespik; 'aespik/ n [U] a clear brownish jelly made from
meat bones 肉冻：chicken in aspic 鸡肉冻
as·pi·dis.tra /aespi`distre;,aesp'distre/n a plant with broad
green pointed leaves, often grown in houses 蜘蛛抱蛋〔一种绿
色叶子宽而尖，多摆设于室内的植物〕
as.pi.rant /ae`spairent; e'spaierent/ n [(to, for)] fml a person
who hopes for and tries to get a position of importance or
honour【正式】有志者，有抱负者；〔名誉、地位的〕追求者： one of
the aspirants to the vice-presidency 渴望当副总统的人之-
as pi.rate'/aespe ret; 'aespreit/v [T] tech to pronounce (a word
or letter) with the sound of the letter H (as in (a) human but
not in (an) honour) or with ASPIRATION (2) 【术语】发字母 H
音，发送气音
as pi-rate2 /`aesperit; 'aesprt/ n tech the sound of the letter H
or the letter itself 【术语】（字母） H的发音，送气音
as.pira·tion /aespe`refen;aesp'reifan/ n1 [C; U] (a) strong
desire to do something or have something, especially some-
thing great or important 强烈愿望，热望；志向，抱负： The colo-
nial government could no longer ignore the political aspira
tions of the local people.殖民政府不能再对当地居民的政治愿
望置之不理。| [+to-v] She has aspirations to become a great
writer.她有成为一个大作家的雄心。2 [U] tech the blowing out
of air that follows when some consonants are pronounced, such
as the /p/ in pin【术语】〔某些辅音字母发音的〕送气音<如 pin
词中p的发音>
as.pire /e`spair; e'spaie/ v [I] to direct one's hopes and efforts
to some important aim 追求，渴望；有志于： an aspiring young
actress 一个胸怀大志的年轻女演员 」 [+to, after] He aspired
after a political career/to the leadership of the party.他追求
的是政治生涯[立志成为该党的领导人]。|[+to-v] She aspires
to become president. 她渴望当总统。
as.pirin /`aesperin; 'aesprn/ n aspirin or aspirins [C; U] (a
TABLET of) a medicine that reduces pain, INFLAMMATION, and
fever 阿司匹林（药片）： Take a couple of aspirins for your
headache.吃两片阿司匹林，治治你的头痛
As.pro /aespro; 'aespreu/ trademark a type of widely used as-
pirin sold in the UK【商标】阿斯普罗牌阿司匹林〔英国出售的-
种阿司匹林，使用普遍〕
As-quith /`aeskwi0; 'aeskwi0/, Herbert Henry (1852-1928) a
British LIBERAL politician and Prime Minister from 1908 to
1916阿斯奎斯〔(1852-1928)，英国自由党政治家，1908年至
1916年任英国首相〕
ass1 /aes; aes/ n 1 an animal like a horse but smaller and with
longer ears, e.g. the DONKEY 驴 2 infml a stupid foolish person
【非正式】傻瓜，蠢人：a pompous ass 一个浮夸的笨蛋
ass2 n AmE for【美】= ARSE1(1)
As·sad /`aesaed; 'aesaed/, Ha·fez al- /`hafez ael; 'ha:fez ael/
(1930-)a former general and the President of Syria since 1971
阿萨德〔(1930-)，叙利亚前军事将领，1971年起任总统〕
as·sail /e`sel; 'seil/ ν [T (with, by)] fml to attack violently 【正
式】猛烈攻击，打击： The police were assailed with rocks ana
petrol bombs. 警察遭到石块和汽油弹的猛烈攻击。| I was as-
sailed by doubts/worries.我为各种疑虑[烦恼]所困扰
as·sai·lant /e`selent; e'seilent/ n fml an attacker【正式】攻击者
As·sam /e`saem; e'saem/ n [U] a type of tea from the Assam
state in NE India 阿萨姆茶叶〔产于印度东北部的阿萨姆邦〕
as.sas.sin /e`saesin; e'saesn/ n a person who murders someone
important, such as a ruler or politician 暗杀者，刺客： Kennedy's
assassin 杀害肯尼迪的刺客
0082
as·sas·sin·ate /e`saesn,et; e'saesneit/ v[T] to murder (a ruler
politician, or other important person)暗杀，行刺： a plot to as-
sassinate the President 一个刺杀总统的阴谋 -- see 参见 KILL
(USAGE)- -ation /e,saesn`efen; esaese'neifan/ n [C; U]: a
spate of assassinations 刺杀的浪潮 」an assassination attempt
行刺的企图
as·sault' /e`solt; e'so:lt/ n [C; U (on)] (a) violent attack, espe-
cially a sudden one 攻击，猛袭，突袭： The army launched a
major assault against the rebel town.军队向叛乱的城镇发动
大规模的突然袭击。| (fig. 喻) They made an assault on (=an
attempt to climb) Mount Everest. 他们试图攀登珠穆朗玛峰。|
He was sent to prison for assault. (=an attack on another
person)他因袭击他人而被送进监狱。-- see also 另见 INDECENT
ASSAULT
assault2y [T] to make an assault on, often an INDECENT AS
SAULT 殴打，袭击；〔通常指〕强暴，强奸： She was too shaken af-
ter being assaulted to report the incident to the Dolice.她遭
到强暴后失魂落魄，竟没有向警方报案。」 The minister was as-
saulted by a barrage of abuse from the angry strikers.这位部
长遭到愤怒的罢工者一阵辱骂。
assault and bat·ter·y /·. '··/n [U] law an attack which in-
cludes not only threats but the actual use of violence【律】威胁
和暴力行为罪，殴打（已遂）罪
assault course /·'/ BrE【英】‖ obstacle course AmE【美】 n
an area of land on which soldiers and other people train by
climbing or jumping over objects, through water etc, in order
to develop their fitness and courage 突击训练场，军事训练场地
as·say /e`se; e'sei/ v [T] 1 to test (metal-bearing soil, a gold
ring etc) to discover what materials are present _化验，分析，鉴
定〔所含金属量)2 lit to attempt(something difficult)【文】尝试
〔做难事)： to assay the impossible 尝试做不可能成功的事
assay n
as·se·gai /`ese gar; 'esgai/ n a long thin wooden spear with
an iron point, used in southern Africa 〔非洲南部人用的〕细木柄
标枪，长矛
as·sem·blage /e`semblid3;e'semblid3/n fml【正式】1 [C+sing./
pl. v] a group of people or a collection of articles 一群人；一批
东西 2 [U] the act of coming or putting together 组合，装配；收
集，聚集
as·sem·ble /e`sembl; e'sembal/ v1 [I; T] to gather or collect
together into a group or into one place 集合，聚集，收集： At the
beginning of the day, we all assemble in the main hall to be
addressed by the head teacher.清早我们集合在大礼堂听校长
讲话。| He called us all together, and told the assembled com-
pany(=the group that had assembled) that the exams had been
cancelled.他把我们召集到一起，告诉大家考试已经取消。」to
assemble a vast collection of old books 收集大量的旧书 2 [T]
to put (something) together 装配，组合： This bookcase is very
easy to assemble. 这个书架很容易装起来。| to assemble cars/
radios/a model aeroplane装配汽车[收音机;飞机模型
as·sem·bly /e`sembli; e'sembli/ n 1 [C+sing./pl. v] a group of
people, especially one gathered together for a special purpose
such as worship 聚集在一起的人，〔做礼拜等的〕会众2 [U] a
meeting together of people 会议；集会： to deny citizens the
right of assembly 剥夺公民（自由）集会的权利 3 [C; U] a meet-
ing of all the teachers and pupils of a school. Many schools ir
Britain have assembly every morning before classes begin for
the day. In American schools, assemblies are less frequent and
used for a special lesson, presentation, or ceremony.〔学校里
的〕师生集合〔英国许多学校每天上课前都有晨会。在美国师生集
合较少，除非有特殊的讲课或典礼〕4[C+sing./pl. v](often cap
常用大写) a law-making body, especially the lower of two such
bodies 立法机构；议会，〔尤指〕下议院： the New York State As-
sembly 纽约州议会
assembly lan·guage /.'·.·/ n [C: U] a language used for
writing computer PROGRAMS in a form which the computer
can translate into MACHINE CODE 汇编语言，组合语言〔为电脑
设计的一种用符号表示的程序语言〕
assembly line /.'./ n an arrangement of workers and ma-
chines in which each person has a particular job and the work
is passed, often on a moving band, directly from one worker to
the next until the product is complete 装配线，流水作业线
as·sem·bly·man /e`semblimen; e'semblimen/ as·sem·bly.
wom·an /- wumen; -，wumen/ fem.【阴性】 -- n -men /-men;
-men/ AmE a member of an ASSEMBLY (4)【美】议员
as·sent1 /e`sent; e'sent/ v [I (to)] fml to agree to a suggestion.
idea etc after careful consideration【正式】〔经审慎考虑后〕同意，
赞成： The chairman assented to the committee's proposals.
主席赞成委员会的建议。| [+to-v] The judge assented to allow
the prisoner to speak.法官同意允许犯人申辩。
assent2n [U] agreement to a suggestion or idea〔对建议或想法
的)同意，赞成：We're waiting for the director to give his
assent. 我们在等待董事点头。— opposite 反义词 dissent
as·sert /e`s3·t; e's3:t/ ν [T] 1 to state or declare forcefully 断言
宣称，声明，力陈： She asserted her opinions.她力陈自己的观
点。| Although she was found guilty, she continued to assert
her innocence.虽然她被判有罪,但她仍坚称自己无罪。|[+that]
The government has repeatedly asserted that it will not change
is policv.政府一再宣称不会改变政策。 2 to make a clair to;
defend (a right or claim) by forceful action(坚决)主张，坚持
维护： to assert one's rights/independence 维护（某人的）权利
[独立性] |He asserted his authority by making them be quiet.
他迫使他们安静下来，以维护他的权威。3 assert oneself to show
one's power, control, importance etc 显示自己的权力[权威、地
位等]；出风头
as·ser·tion /e`s3fen; e's3: fan/ n a forceful statement or claim
断言，声明；主张，陈词： She could provide no evidence to back
up her assertions. 她提不出根据来支持自己的主张。| [+that]
He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty.他一再坚称
自己无罪。
as·ser·tive /e`s3tiy; e's3:tiy/ adj expressing or tending to ex-
press strong opinions or claims; showing a confident belief in
one's own ability 断言的，肯定的，自信的，武断的：If you want
to succeed in this business, you should be more assertive.如
果你想在这一行取得成功，就必须更加果断。— see also 另见
SELF-ASSERTIVE -~ly adv -~ness n [U]
assertiveness train·ing /'·，.·/ n [U] a course of lessons
taken by someone to teach them how to become more assertive,
so that they are able to express their opinions and make known
their wishes 信心训练，果断训练〔为训练一个人的自信心，使他
们勇于表达自己的看法和愿望而设立的系列课程
as·sess /e`ses; e'ses/ v [T] 1 [(at)] to calculate or decide the
value or amount of 估价，估计； to assess the damage caused
by a storm 估计一下暴风雨所造成的损失 | They assessed the
value of the house at ￡60,000.他们估价这所房子值6万英镑。
2 to judge the quality, importance, or worth of; EVALUATE 评
定，评价：He's so lazy that it's difficult to assess his ability.
他懒惰得很难对他的能力作出评估。| It's too early to assess
the effects of the new legislation.要评价新法令的效果现在还
为时过早
as·sess·ment /e`sesment; e'sesment/ n1 [C; U] (an example
of) the act of assessing 评价，估计： a very perceptive assess-
ment of the situation 对形势所作的一个非常敏锐的估计
What's your assessment of her chances of winning?你估计她
赢的机会有多大？-- see also 另见 CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
2 [C] the value or amount at which something is calculated核
定额：my tax assessment for 1998 我1998年应纳税的核定额
as.ses.sor /e`sese; e'sese/n 1 a person whose job is to calcu-
late the value of property or the amount of income or taxes(财
产、收入等的〕估价员；评税员 2 a person who advises a judge
or official committee on matters that demand special knowledge
〔在某种专业知识方面辅助法官或官方委员会工作的〕技术顾问，
助理
as·set /`aeset; 'aeset/ n 1 the property of a person, company etc
that has value and that may be sold to pay a debt 资产，财产
The company's liquid assets (=money, or property that can
easily be sold for money) are enormous.这家公司拥有巨额流
动资产。2 a valuable quality, skill, or person 有价值的资源[技
能、人才]；优点；长处：A sense of humour is a great asset in
this job. 在这种职业中，幽默感是一大优点。| She's a tremen
dous asset to the company.对公司来说，她是个非常宝贵的人
才。-- compare 比较 LIABILITY (3， 4) -- see also 另见 CUR-
RENT ASSETS, FIXED ASSETS, LIQUID ASSETS
asset-strip·ping /'·，·/ n [U] tech the practice of buying a
company cheaply, selling all its assets to make a profit, and
then closing it down 【术语】资产倒卖〔以低价买进一家公司，将
其财产全部卖出获利，然后将其关闭〕
as·sev·e·rate /e`seve ret; e'severeit/ v[T+obj/that] fml to de-
clare solemnly and forcefully【正式】郑重声明，断言 -- -ration
/e,seve`refen;e,seve'reifan/[C;U]
ass·hole /`aeshol; 'aesheul/ n AmE for【美】 = ARSE1 (2)
as·sid·u.ous /e`sid3ues; e'sidjues/ adj showing careful and con-
tinuous attention; DILIGENT 专心致志的，勤勉的 -- ~ly adv --
~ness, -- -ity /aese`djueti;aes'dju:ti/n [U]
as.sign /e`sain; e'sain/ v [T] 1 [(to)] to give as a share or duty;
ALLOT 分配；分派，指派：[+obj(i)+obj(d)] I've been assigned
the job of looking after the new students.分配给我的工作是照
料新来的学生。| They've assigned the job to me. 他们把这个
工作分派给我了。2 to fix or set aside for a purpose; decide on;
name 指定，订出，确定： We assigned a day for our meeting. 我
0083
们定下了开会的日子。| [+obj+to-v] I've been assigned to take
notes,已指定我做记录。3 [(to)] to give (property, rights etc)
by a legal process〔按法律程序〕把〔财产、权利等〕转让与：She
assigned her whole estate to a charitable organization.她把
她的全部房产转让给一个慈善机构。—~able adj
as.sig·na.tion /aesig`nefen;aesig'neifan/ n fml or humor a
meeting, especially a secret meeting with a lover 【正式或幽】
(秘密)约会；〔尤指男女间的〕幽会
as·sign·ment /e`sainment; e'sainment/ n 1 [C] a duty or piece
of work that is given to a particular person or people〔分配、指
派的)工作，任务：She's going to India on a special assign-
ment for her newspaper.她受委派到印度去执行报社的一项特
殊任务。| His assignment was to follow the spy. 委派给他的
工作是跟踪这个间谍。2[U(of)] the act of assigning 分配，指
派： the assignment of the chores 对杂务的分配
as·sim·i·late /e`siml.et; e'simleit/ ν1 [I; T] tech 【术语】 a to
take (food) into the body and DIGEST it 吸收，消化〔食物) b(of
food) to be taken into the body and digested〔食物〕被吸收，被
消化 2 [T] to understand completely and be able to use prop-
erly 充分理解，掌握： You have to assimilate the facts, not just
emember them.你必须充分掌握这些事实，而不单是把它们记
住。3 [I: T (into)] to make or become like the people of a
country, race, or other group, especially in ways of behaving
or thinking （使）同化： America has assimilated many people
from Europe.美国同化了许多来自欧洲的人。| They assimi.
lated easily into the new community. 他们很容易就融入了新
的社区
as.sim.i.la.tion /e siml`efen; e,sim'leifan/ n [U] 1 the act of
assimilating or of being assimilated 消化，吸收；融合，同化
2 tech the changing of a speech sound because of the influ-
ence of another speech sound next to it (e.g. the p in cupboard)
【术语】语音的同化<如cupboard 一词中的p
Assisi - see 参见 Saint FRANCIS OF ASSISI
as·sist'/e`sist; e'sist/ v [I; T (in, with)] fml to help or support
【正式】帮助，协助：A team of nurses assisted (the doctor) in
performing the operation.一组护士协助（医生）施行手术。|A
man is assisting police (with their inquiries). (=has been taken
by the police for questioning)一名男子（被带到警察局）协助警
方调查。-- see 参见 HELP (USAGE)
assist2n an action in BASKETBALL and other sports that helps
another player on your team to SCORE a point〔篮球等体育项目
中的〕助攻
as·sist·ance /e`sistens; e'sistans/ n [U (in)] rather fml help or
support 【较正式】帮助，援助：Unless we receive more financial
assistance from the government, the hospital will have to
close.如果我们得不到政府财政上更多的援助,这家医院就得停
办。」 Can I be of any assistance?我能帮什么忙吗? | I was
given some assistance in coming to my decision. 我在作出这
项决定时得到过一些帮助。|She came to my assistance.她来
援助我了
as·sis·tant /e`sistent; e'sistant/ n a person who helps another in
a job or piece of work, and is under that person's direction助
理，助手，副手： When the shop is busy he employs an assistant
商店里忙的时候他就雇用一个店员。」a clerical assistant 文书
助理」an assistant cook/manager 助理厨师；副经理[经理助
理] 」 the Assistant Director of Education in the London area
伦敦地区教育局副局长 - see also 另见 SHOP ASSISTANT; see
参见ATTEND(USAGE)
assistant pro.fes.sor /.，..'./ n a PROFESSOR (=teacher) at an
American university who has the lowest rank 助理教授〔美国
大学中级别最低的教授〕 - compare 比较 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
FULL PROFESSOR
as.siz.es /e`saiziz; e'saizz/ n [(the)P] (in Britain until 1971) a
meeting or meetings of a special court held by an important
udge travelling from one country town to another 〔英国 1971
年以前的)（乡间）巡回裁判庭- assize adj[A]
assoc written abbrev. for 缩写=1 associated 联合的；联想的
2 also 又作 assn - association 协会，社团
as-so·ci·ate1/e`sofr,et; e'seufieit/ ν1 [I;T (with)] to join in a
relationship based on friendship, business, or a shared purpose:
combine as friends or partners 与··结合；与··合伙；与··交往：
The military regime dealt ruthlessly with anyone who was
associated with the former government.军政府无情地处置任
何与前政府有交往的人。| He associates with criminals. 他和
罪犯交往。2 [T(with)] to connect in thought, memory, or imagi-
nation 由·联想到·；把与··联想在一起： I associate summer
with holidays. 我总是把夏季和休假联想在一起。| The scien
tist decided he didn't want to be associated with the proiect
and left.这个科学家决定不愿与这个计划有任何瓜葛，因而离开
人。
as.so.ci·ate2 /e`sofiit; e'seufit/ n 1 a person connected with
another, especially in work; partner〔尤指工作上的〕同事，伙伴：
He's not a friend; he's a business associate.这人不能算是个
朋友，只是生意上的伙伴。2(often cap.常用大写) the holder of
an associate degree 准学位证书持有者： an associate of arts 准
文学士
associated com·pa.ny /，../n a company of which 20 to
50 per cent of SHARES'(2) are owned by the parent company
联营公司〔指20%至50%的股份为母公司所控制的公司)-com
pare 比较 SUBSIDIARY
associate de.gree /..'/ n a degree given after two years of
study in the US, usually at a JUNIOR COLLEGE 副学士学位，准
学士学位〔美国二年制初级大学的学位〕
associate jus-tice, Associate Justice /·.·. '·/ a judge who is a
member of the group of judges in an important US court of
law, such as the SUPREME COURT or the COURT OF APPEALS
美国最高法院、上诉法院等高级法院中〕除主审法官以外的法官
associate pro.fes.sor /....'./ n a PROFESSOR (=teacher) at
an American university who has a middle rank 副教授〔美国大
学中中等级别的教授)- compare 比较 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
FULL PROFESSOR
as.so.ci·a.tion /e sosr`efen;e.seusi'eifan/ n1 [C+sing./pl.v]
an organization of people joined together for a shared purpose
协会，社团：The Association of Scientific Workers islare hav
ing its/their annual conference next week, 科学工作者协会在
下个星期举行年会。| She set up/formed an association to help
blind people. 她筹办了一个帮助盲人的团体。- see also 另见
HOUSING ASSOCIATION 2 [U (with)] the act of associating or
fact of being associated 结合；合伙，合作；关联；联合： Our long
association with your company has brought great benefits.
我方和贵公司的长期合作已经带来了巨大的利益。| The coun-
cil is working in association with the police on this.对于这件
事，地方议会正同警方进行协作。3[C;U](a)connection made
in the mind between different things, ideas etc 联想： the asso-
ciation of ideas 各种观念的联想 | Hospitals have rather un-
pleasant associations for me.我一想起医院就有点不舒服的感
觉。- see also 另见 FREE ASSOCIATION
Association foot·ball /.，..'·/ n [U] BrE fml for【英，正式】=
FOOTBALL(1)
as.so·nance aesenens; 'aesenens/ n [U] tech similarity in the
sounds of words, especially the vowels of words (e.g. between
born and warm)【术语】声音的相似；〔尤指元音的〕母韵，半韵，半
谐音<如born 和 warm中的元音>
as·sort /e`sort; e'so:t/ v [T] to divide into different sorts 把··分
assort with phr ν [T] 1 BrE fml to match; agree with 【英，正
式】和··相配，与··相适合：This does not assort with his ear.
lier statement. 这和他早先的声明不相称。2 to be friendly with
(especially bad company)与··为伍〔尤指与坏人)： He is known
to assort with criminal types.人人都知道他与罪犯一类的坏人
交往
as.sort.ed /e`sortid; e'so:td/ adj 1 of various types mixed to-
gether 各种各样混杂在一起的： a bag of assorted sweets 一袋
什锦糖果 2 fml (in comb.用于复合词) suited by nature or
character; matched【正式】〔性情、品格〕相配的，合适的：Anne
and David are an ill-assorted pair.安妮和戴维是不相配的
对。
as·sort·ment /e`sortment; e'so:tment/ n [C+sing./pl. v] a group
or quantity of mixed things or of various kinds of the same
thing;mixture 各式各样东西的聚合；什锦，混杂物：an assort-
ment of sweets 什锦糖果 | She has an odd assortment of
friends.她有一大批光怪陆离的朋友。
asst written abbrev. for 缩写= ASSISTANT
as·suage /e`swed3; e'sweid3/ v [T] fml to make (suffering, de
sire etc) less strong or severe; RELIEVE【正式】缓和，减轻〔痛苦、
欲望等)： to assuage one's thirst 解渴
as·sume /e`sjum; e'sju:m/ v [T] 1 to believe (something) to be
true without actually having proof that it is; suppose假定，假
设： We can't just assume her guilt.我们不能够就此假设她有
罪。| [+(that)] If he's not here in five minutes, we'll assume
(that) he isn't coming.要是他再过5分钟还不来，我们就认为
他是不来了。| Assuming (that) you're right about this, wha
shall we do?假定在这件事情上你是对的，那我们该怎么办？
[+obj+to-v] He was with an elderly man and woman, who I
assumed were his grandparents.他和一个上了年纪的男人及
一个女人在一起，我猜想是他的祖父母。2 to take or claim fo
oneself(sometimes without the right to do so); begin to have
or use〔有时指无权〕僭夺，行使；承担，担任；采用：You will as-
sume your new responsibilities tomorrow.你明天就任新职。
The army assumed control of the government. 军队夺取了政
0084
府的控制权。3 to begin to have(a quality or appearance)呈现
出，出现为：The problem is beginning to assume massive
proportions.问题开始显出其严重性。4 to pretend to have:
FEIGN 假装： He assumes a well-informed manner but in fact
he knows very little. 他假装一副消息灵通的样子，其实他知道
得很少。| to write under an assumed name 用假名写作
as-sump.tion /e`svmpfen; e'svmpfen/ n 1 [C] something that
is taken as a fact or believed to be true without proof假定，假
设，并无证据的设想： Don't rely on the information she gave
you - it's pure assumption (on her part).不要相信她告诉你
的消息——那完全是（她自己的）假设。| The results of the ex
periment shook the basic assumptions of his theory,实验的结
果动摇了他的理论的基本假设。|[+that] our mistaken assump-
tion that the price would fall 我们认为价格会下降的错误设想|
Let's work on the assumption (=taking it as likely) that ou
proposal will be accepted.我们先假定我们的建议会被采纳，
就这样先干起来吧。2 [U (of)] the act of assuming 僭取，霸占：
承担，就任：the army's assumption of power 军队的夺权
Assumption, The 1 (in the ROMAN CATHOLIC religion) the
bodily taking up of the VIRGIN MARY (=Jesus'mother) into
heaven 圣母升天 2 the day (15 August) on which this event is
celebrated 圣母升天节〔8月15日〕
as.sur·ance /e`[urens; e'fuarens/ n 1 [C (of, about)] a firm
statement that something is certainly true or will certainly
happen; promise 担保，保证： In spite of all his assurances, he
did not come back, 尽管他一再保证，他还是没有回来。| She
gave repeated assurances of her loyalty.她反复保证她的忠
诚。| [+that] Let me give you my assurance that the work
will be finished by the agreed date.我向你保证，这件工作一定
能在商定的日期内完成。2 [U] confident belief in one's own
ability and powers 自信，把握： The new teacher lacked assur
ance in front of his class.新来的教师在自己学生面前缺乏自
信。- see also 另见 SELF-ASSURED 3 [U] BrE insurance against
events that are certain rather than possible 【英】（人寿）保险： life
assurance 人寿保险
as.sure /efur; e'fue/ v [T] 1 [(of)] to tell firmly and with con-
fidence with the aim of removing doubt; promise 向··保证，使
确信，使有信心： He assured us of his ability to solve the
problem.他向我们保证他有能力解决这问题。|[+obj+(that)]
can assure you (that) the medicine is perfectly safe.我可以向
你保证这药物绝对安全。| You can rest assured(=feel certain)
that your son will be happy here.你可以完全放心，你的儿子
在这里会很快乐的。2 to make(something) certain to happen
or be gained; ENSURE 确保： The excellent reviews given to the
film have assured its success. 对这部影片的好评已使它有把握
卖座。3 [(of)] to make (someone) feel certain of having or
gaining something 保证〔某人〕得到〔某物)： We booked early
to assure ourselves of (getting) good seats. 我们及早订座以保
证我们能得到好座位。」 Our clients are assured of an enjoy-
able and trouble-free holiday. 我们的顾客得到保证，一定能度
过一个愉快而无忧无虑的假期。4 BrE to INSURE, especially
against death【英】保〔尤指人寿〕险 - see 参见 INSURE
(USAGE)
as·sured'/e`furd; e'fued/ adj1 also 又作 self-assured - con
fident in one's own abilities自信的： an assured manner 自信
的态度 2 having or showing certainty 确定的，有把握的： There
is an assured demand for these products. 这类产品有确实的
需求量。| Her political future looks assured. 她的政治前途看
来是有把握的。-~ly /e`furidli;e'fuerdli/ adv
assured2n assured [the+C] BrE tech a person whose life has
been insured (INSURE)【英，术语】已保寿险的人，受保人： On the
death of the assured his family will receive a lump sum and
an annual income.受保人死后，其家人可以领到一笔一次总付
的金额和一份年金。
As.syr.i.a /e`sirie; e'sirie/ an ancient country in western Asia
based around the River Tigris in what is now Iraq. Assyria
established an EMPIRE that stretched from Egypt to the Persian
Gulf, and was most powerful and important between the 9th
and 7th centuries BC.亚述〔西亚古国，位于今伊拉克境内的底
格里斯河流域，帝国疆域从埃及延伸至波斯湾，在公元前9世纪至
前7世纪非常强大
As.syr.i.an /e`sirien; e'sirien/ adj of or about the people or lan-
guage of Assyria 亚述人的； 亚述语的 - Assyrians n [the+P]
As.taire /e`ster; e'stee/, Fred /fred; fred/ (1899-1987) a US
dancer, singer, and actor who appeared in many musical films,
often dancing with Ginger ROGERS, and who was known for
his graceful style of dancing. His most famous film is Top Hat
(1935).阿斯泰尔〔(1899-1987)，美国舞蹈家、歌唱家和演员，曾
演出过许多音乐片，常与金格·罗杰斯合作共舞，以其优雅的舞姿
著称。他最著名的影片是《礼帽》(1935)〕
as·te·risk /`aeste risk; 'aestarisk/ also 又作 star - n a mark like
a star (*) used a to draw attention to a note at the bottom of a
page b to mark that certain letters are missing from a word
c (tech 术语) to show that a word, phrase, sound etc is incor-
rect (as in the example 'In English we say three boys, not *three
boy.)星号(*)用以a引导至书页下端的脚注；b标明某词内缺
少某些字母；c表明某个词、短语、语音等不正确<如例所示“在英
语中，我们说three boys,而不说*three boy。”>- asteriskv[T]
BrE【英】
As terix aesteriks; 'aesteriks/ the main character in a CARTOON
STRIP set in ancient times. Asterix is a short humorous French
soldier with a big MOUSTACHE who fights the ancient Romans
with his friend Obelix.阿斯特瑞克斯〔一部以古代为背景的连
环漫画中的主要人物，他是位矮小、风趣的法国战士，长着一蓬小
胡子，同朋友奥贝里克斯一起与古罗马人作战
a.stern /e`st3n; e'st3:n/ adv in or at the back part (STERN) of a
ship 在船尾；向船尾
as·teroid /`aeste roid; 'aesteroid/ also 又作 minor planet -n
one of many small PLANETS between Mars and Jupiter 〔火星与
木星之间的〕小行星
asth·ma /`esme; 'aesme/ n [U] a long-lasting disease which
causes difficulty in breathing 哮喘（病） -- ~tic /aez`maetik;
aes'maetik/ n, adj: He is (an) asthmatic. 他是个哮喘病患者。-
~tically /-kli; -kli/ adv
as·tig·ma.tis.m /e`stigme tizem; e'stigmetizam/ n [U] the in
ability of the eye to see properly or clearly because of its shape
散光，散视--tic/,aestig`maetik;,aestig'maetik/adj
a·stir /e`st3; e'st3:/ adj [F] especially lit【尤文】1 awake and
out of bed 起床的： No one was astir so early.没有人这么早起
床。2 [(with)] in a state of excitement 激动的，哄动的，骚动的
The ship was astir with anxious passengers.乘客忧虑不安，
全船一片乱哄哄
As.ti spu.man.te /esti spu`manti; aesti spu:'maenti/ trade-
mark a SPARKLING white wine from the town of Asti in Italy.
which people sometimes drink instead of CHAMPAGNE when
they want to celebrate, because it is cheaper and sweeter 【商
标】阿斯蒂白葡萄汽酒〔产于意大利阿斯蒂镇，人们在庆祝的时候
有时用这种酒代替香槟，因为它的价格便宜而且味甜〕
as.ton-ish /e`stanif; e'stonif/ v [T] to fill with great surprise
and perhaps disbelief 使吃惊，使惊讶： She's been promoted
again? -- You astonish me! 她又被提升了吗？ ——你 （这话）真
使我吃惊！| an astonishing piece of news 一条使人吃惊的新
闻 | We were all astonished by the newslastonished to hear
that he had passed his driving test. 听到这个消息[他通过了驾
驶考试]，我们都感到十分惊讶。-~ingly adv
as.ton-ish-ment /e`stanifment; e'stonifment/ n [U] great sur-
prise or wonder 惊异，惊讶： To our astonishment he actually
arrived on time.使我们大为惊讶的是他竟然准时到达了。| She
stared in astonishment at the document,她吃惊地盯着那文件。
Aston Mar.tin /aestn `martn; 'aestan'ma:ton/ trademark a type
of fast expensive SPORTS CAR made by the British company
Aston Martin【商标】阿斯顿·马丁跑车〔由英国雅士顿·马田公司
制造的一种跑车，速度快，价格昂贵〕
Aston Vil-la /，. ./ the name of a British football club based
in Birmingham 阿斯顿维拉〔英国伯明翰的一个足球俱乐部)
As·tor /`aeste; 'aeste/, Nan.cy /`naensi; 'naensi/ (1879-1964)a
British politician, born in the US, who was the first woman to
take her seat as a member of parliament in the UK 阿斯特
〔(1879-1964)，出生于美国的英国政治家，英国议会首位女议员)
as-tound /e`staund; e'staund/ v [T] to fill with shocked surprise
especially because of something completely unexpected使震
惊： The news of their divorce astounded me.他们离婚的消息
使我大为震惊。| an astounding defeat in the election 选举中
令人震惊的失败 」 We were astounded by his success/as
tounded to hear that he had won.他的成功使我们大为吃惊。
[听说他获胜，我们大吃一惊。]
as.tra.khan /，aestre`kaen; aestre'kaen/ n [U] lamb's skin with
the wool in tight little curls 羔（羊）皮： astrakhan coats 羔（羊）
皮大衣
as-tral `aestrel; 'aestrel/ adj of or concerning stars 星的，关于星
的，星状的
a·stray /e`stre; e'strei/ adv away from the right path or way迷
路地，迷途地： One of the sheep went astray and got lost. 一只
羊迷路走失了。| (fig.喻) I seem to have gone astray (=made
a mistake) somewhere in my calculations.看来我不知哪儿计
算错了。| (fig. 喻) The attractions of the big city soon led
him astray.(=into bad ways)大城市的诱惑很快使他误入歧途。
a.stride /e`straid; o'straid/ adv, prep with a leg on each side
(of)跨坐地，跨骑地；跨在··的两侧： sitting astride his horse 骑
在马上
0085
as·trin·gent'/e`strind3ent; e'strind3ent/ adj 1 able to tighten
up the skin or stop bleeding 收敛（性）的；止血的： astringent
lotions 收敛性美容液 2 severe;bitter 严厉的，厉害的：astrin
gent criticism 严厉的批评 - ~ly adv - -gency n [U]
astringent'n [C; U] tech a substance or medicine that tightens
up the skin and stops bleeding 【术语】收敛剂；止血药
astro-
as.trol.o.ger /e`straled3e; e'stroled3e/ n a person who prac
tises astrology占星（术）家
as.trol.o.gy/e`straled3i; e'stroled3i/ n [U] the art of under-
standing the supposed influence of the sun, moon, stars, and
PLANETS on events and on people's character. Astrology is no
considered to be a proper science, and is not taken seriously
by most people.占星术〔一般人不认为它是一门正规科学，很
多人都不把它当真〕 - see 参见 ZODIAC (USAGE) - -gical
/,aestre`lad3ikl;aestre'lod3ikeladj
as·tro·naut/`aestre not;'aestreno:t/
n a person who travels in a space-
craft 宇航员，航天员，太空人
as.tron.o.mer /e`stranema
e'strpneme/ n a scientist who stud-
ies the sun, moon, stars etc 天文学
家
as.tro.nom.i.cal /aestre`namik];
aestre'nomikel/ also 又作 as·tro·
nom·ic /，aestre`namik;,aestre-
'nomik√ adj 1 [A no comp.无比
较级] of the stars or for the study
of the stars 星的，天体的，天文（学）
的：an astronomical telescope 天
文望远镜 2 infml(usually of an
amount or number)extremely large
【非正式】〔常指数量或数字〕极巨大
的；天文数字的：astronomical sums
of money 天文数字的款额| a failure of astronomical propor
tions 极其巨大的失败 - ~ly /-kli; -kli/ adv
as·tron·o·my /e`stranemi; e'stronemi/ n [U] the scientific study
of the sun, moon, stars etc 天文学
as.tro.phys.ics /aestro`fiziks; ，aestreu'fiziks/ n [U] the scien-
tific study of the chemical nature of the stars and the natural
forces that influence them 天体物理学 - -ical adj - -icist
/-`fizesist; -'fizsost/n
Astroturf /`aestrot3f; 'aestreut3:f/ n trademark a type of arti-
ficial grass on which sport is played【商标】〔铺设于运动场所
的〕阿斯特罗人造草皮
as.tute /e`stjut; e'stju:t/ adj clever and able to see quickly some-
thing that is to one's advantage; SHREWD 精明的，敏锐的；狡黠
的： an astute businesswoman/investment 精明的女商人[投资]
- ~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
a.sun.der /e`svnde; e'svnde/ adv 1 lit apart or into separate
pieces 【文】分开地，散成碎片地： The boat was torn asunder on
he rocks.船被礁石撞成碎片。 2 Those whom God hath joined
together let no man put asunder let no one try to destroy this
marriage (part of the Christian marriage service)神配合的，人
不可分开〔基督教徒结婚仪式上说的一句话〕
As.wan High Dam /，aeswan hai `daem;,aeswa:n hai'daem/ a
DAM built across the River Nile in southern Egypt. It is one of
the largest dams in the world and is used to produce electricity
and provide water for farming.阿斯旺高坝〔埃及南部横跨尼罗
河的一处大坝，为世界上最大的堤坝之一，用以发电及提供农业用
水〕
a·sy·lum /e`sailem; e'sailem/ n 1 [U] protection and shelter
especially as given by one country to people who have left
another for political reasons(政治)避难，（政治）庇护： to seek/
be granted political asylum 寻求[得到]政治庇护 2 [C] be-
coming rare a MENTAL HOSPITAL【渐罕】疯人院，精神病院
a.sy.lum seeker /.'.，./n a person who has left one country
usually for political reasons and is asking for protection and
shelter in another 寻求庇护者〔常指在他国寻求政治避难的人)
a·sym·met·ric /esi`metrik;eis'metrik√also又作 -rical/-kl;
-kal/ adj having sides that are not alike; lacking SYMMETRY 不
对称的，不匀称的- opposite 反义词 symmetrical-~ally
/-k]i;-kli/ adv
a·syn·chro.nous /e`sinkrenes; ei'sinkrenes/ adj tech of or be
ing a method of sending computer information over telephone
lines in which specific BITS are used to show the beginning
and end of each character sent【术语】异步的〔通过电话线路传
递电脑信息时，在相邻字符间插入特定位元表示起始的一种方
法
- compare 比较 SYNCHRONOUS
As You Like It/.'/ a humorous play by William SHAKES-
PEARE, set in the Forest of ARDEN about the adventures and
marriages of two couples, Rosalind and Orlando, and Celia
and Oliver《皆大欢喜》〔莎士比亚所著的一部喜剧，以阿登森林为
背景，讲述两对夫妇罗萨琳德和奥兰多、西莉娅和奥里弗的历险和
婚姻故事〕
*at/et; at; strong 强读 aet; aet/ prep 1 (shows a point in space)〔表
示空间的一处)在·： at my house 在我家|at the bottom of the
page 在书页的下端 | He was standing at the door/at the bus
stop.他站在门口[公共汽车站]。| We arrived at the airport.
我们到了飞机场。2 a (shows an exact point in time)〔表示在-
确定的时间)在··时（刻）：at 10 o'clock在10点钟|I'm busy
at the moment.(=now)我现在正忙。b(shows a period of time)
〔表示在一段时间)在··期间： I often work at night. 我经常在夜
间工作。| It sometimes snows at Christmas. 圣诞节期间有时
下雪。3(shows an intended aim or object towards which a
-gically /-kli; -kli/ adv
thing or action is directed)〔表示目的或目标〕对着；朝··方向
Aim at the target. 瞄准靶子。| He shot at the bird, but missed
astronaut 宇航员
it. 他对着鸟开枪，但没有打中。(Compare 比较 He shot the bird.
(=he did not miss it)他开枪打中了那只鸟。) | Look at this!看
看这个！ | She shouted at the boy. 她对着那男孩大叫。| to
guess at the answer 猜答案 4 (shows the cause of an action or
feeling)〔表示原因)因为，由于：I was surprised/amused/pleased
at (=by) his behaviour.我对他的行为感到惊讶[有趣，高兴]。|
I laughed at him/at his joke.我对他大笑[听了他说的笑话大笑
起来。] | (AmE 美) Don't be mad at me. (=angry with me)别
生我的气。5 (shows the subject or activity in which a judg-
ment about someone's ability is made) 〔表示某人在某方面的能
力)在··方面： He's clever at arranging things.他善于料理事
务。| He's bad at games. 他在竞技游戏方面不行。| She's a
genius at chemistry. 她在化学方面是个天才。| She's getting
on very well at her job. 她在这个职位上干得很好。6 (shows a
state or continued activity)〔表示所处状态或在做的事〕在·情况
下；在·时： I never smoke at work/at school. 我在工作时[在学
校里]从不抽烟。| at liberty 自由的[地] 」 at rest 在休息 | The
two countries are at war. 两个国家处于交战状态。7 (shows a
price,rate, level, age,speed etc)〔表示价格、比率、水准、年龄、
速度等)以··；在·： sold at (a price of) ten cents each 每个以1
角钱（的价格）出售 |The temperature stood at 40°.温度在40
度。| to stop working at (the age of) 60（年龄）到60岁就停止
工作」to drive at 100 kilometres an hour 以每小时100公里的
速度驾驶| The horse set off at a gallop. 马疾驰而去。| I saw
it at a distance. (=a long way off) 我在远处看到它。8 (used
before a SUPERLATIVE 用于最高级形容词、副词前)： It will cost
at least ￡1000.这至少要花费 1000英镑。| The disease could
affect, at worst, up to half the population. 这种疾病，在最坏的
情况下会使一半的人口遭殃。9 at a/an as a result of only one;
in only one 一（个）；每（次） ： to reduce prices at a stroke(=by
a single action or decision) 一举减价「two at a time 每次两个
10 at that; a as well; besides 也是，另外还是： It's a new idea
and a good one, at that. 这是个新主意，还是个好主意哩。b fol-
lowing or as a result of that; then 即时的结果，然后： She called
him a liar, and at that he stormed out of the room.她骂他是
骗子，他一听便立即冲出了房间。11 where it's at infml the most
important thing【非正式】最关键的事；最重要的事： Making lots
of money and driving a big car -- that's where it's at!赚大钱
开大车——那才是最重要的！ - see also另见(not) at all(ALL3)
AT&T/e ti end `ti; eI ti: end 'ti:/ trademark abbrev. for 缩写=
American Telephone and Telegraph, a large US company that
makes telephones, computers, and electronic equipment 【商标】
美国电话电报公司〔美国一家电话机、电脑及电子设备的大型制造
商〕
At·a·turk/`aetet3·k; 'aetet3:k/, Ke·mal/ks`mal; ke'ma:l/(1881-
1938)a Turkish politician and army officer who established
the modern state of Turkey and became its first President in
1923. He made many changes to make Turkey a more western
country, e.g. by giving women the vote and changing the writ-
ing system so that it used the Roman alphabet instead of Ara-
bic letters.阿塔图尔克〔(1881-1938)，土耳其政治家、军官，现
代土耳其的缔造者，1923年成为该国第一任总统。他作出许多促
使土耳其西化的改革，如赋予妇女选举权，改换书写体系用罗马字
母代替阿拉伯字母〕
ate /et; et/ past tense of EAT
□USAGE 用法说明 The usual British pronunciation is /et/,
though some people say /eit/. Most Americans say /eit/.
and /et/ is thought to be nonstandard by most Americans.
英国人对这个词的发音通常为/et/,然而也有人读/eIt/。大多
数美国人读/ert/,而/et/则被不少美国人认为是不标准的发音，
a·the·is·m /`e0i izem; 'ei0iizam/ n [U] disbelief in the exist
0086
ence of God无神论：不信神（的存在）
athe ist /`e0ust; 'er0i-st/ n a person who does not believe in
the existence of God 无神论者，不信神者： a confirmed atheist
个坚定的无神论者 - compare 比较 AGNOSTIC,PAGAN1 -
~ic(al)/e0`istik(1);ei0i'istik(al)/ adj -~ically /-kli;-kli/
adv
A.the.na /e`0ine; e'0i:ne/ A.the.ne /e`0inr; e'0i:ni/ in Greek
MYTHOLOGY, the goddess of WISDOM and the arts. In Roman
mythology her name is MINERVA.雅典娜〔古希腊神话中智慧与
艺术女神，在罗马神话中称密涅瓦]。
A.the.nae.um Club, the /e`0iniem klab; e'0i:niem klab/ also
又作 the Athenaeum a GENTLEMAN'S CLUB in central London.
especially for men who have done important work in science
literature etc 雅典娜俱乐部〔伦敦市中心的一家绅士俱乐部，其会
员大多是在科学、文学等方面作出重大贡献者〕
Ath.ens /`ae0enz; 'ae0anz/ the capital city of Greece. Athens
was the most important city of ancient Greece, and many tour-
ists visit Athens to see its ancient monuments, especially the
ACROPOLIS.雅典〔希腊首都，古希腊最重要的城市，许多旅游人士
来此凭吊古迹，尤其是雅典卫城〕 - Athenian adj, n
ath·e·ro·scle·ro·sis /e0eroskli`rosis;ae0ereuskl'reuss/n [U]
med a form of ARTERIOSCLEROSIS in which the arteries
(ARTERY) become blocked by fatty material(containing
CHOLESTEROL), which gradually reduces the blood flow
through the body 【医】动脉粥样硬化 - see also 另见 ARTERIO
SCLEROSIS
Ath.er·ton /`e0atn; 'e0etan/, Mike (1968- ) a British
CRICKETER, who was CAPTAIN of the English national team
from 1993 to 1998艾瑟顿〔(1968-)，英国板球选手，1993年
至1998年任英国国家队队长〕
ath-lete /`ae0lit; 'ae0li:t/ n a person who practises athletics 运动
员，田径运动员
athlete's foot /，· '/ n [U] a disease in which the skin crack
between the toes 脚癣，脚湿气，香港脚
ath·let·ic /ae0`latik; ae0'letik/ adj1 [no comp.无比较级] of or
concerning athletes or athletics 运动的；运动员的 2 (of people
physically strong and active, with plenty of muscle and speec
强壮灵敏的，似运动员的：of athletic build像运动员般的体格
ath-let·ics /ae0`letiks; ae0'letiks/ BrE【英】 ‖ track and field AmE
【美】n [U] the practice of physical exercises and of sports de-
manding strength and speed, such as running and jumping体
育，（田径）运动：an athletics club/meeting 体育俱乐部：运动会
athletic sup·port·er /·'··，·/ n AmE fml for 【美，正式】 = JOCK.
STRAP
a.thwart /e`0wort; e'0wo:t/ prep rare across, especially in a
sloping direction【罕】〔尤指斜向地〕横越过
a.tish.oo /e`tifu; e'tifu:/ interj the word used to represent the
sound of a SNEEZE 阿嚏〔打喷嚏的声音〕
At.kin.son /aetkinsn; 'aetkinsan/, Rowan (1955-)a Britisl
COMEDIAN who has appeared in many television shows and
films. He is known for being able to move his face in ways
that are ugly and very funny.and he is best known for plaving
the main character in the television show Blackadder and for
the character MR BEAN.阿特金森〔(1955-)，英国喜剧演员，演
出过许多电视剧和电影，他以善做鬼脸而著称，最广为人知的是饰
演电视片《黑蛇》的主角以及戆豆先生
At.lan.ta /et`laente; ot'laente/ the capital city of the state of Geor
gia in the US 亚特兰大〔美国佐治亚州首府) - see colour map
on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
Atlan·tic /et`laentik; at'laentik/ adj in, near, or from the Atlan-
tic Ocean 在大西洋里的；近大西洋的；大西洋的： the southern
Atlantic coast南大西洋海岸|Atlantic salmon产于大西洋的
鲑鱼
Atlantic, the the Atlantic Ocean. British people sometimes use
phrases such as 'across the Atlantic' or 'on the other side o
the Atlantic'when they are talking about the US, and Ameri
cans use these phrases when they are talking about western
Europe,especially the UK.大西洋〔英国人有时用“大西洋彼岸’
指美国，而美国人使用该短语指西欧，尤指英国)：Scientists from
both sides of the Atlantic will meet next month in New York
下月，从大西洋两岸来的科学家将在纽约相聚。
Atlantic Cit.y /··/ a city in New Jersey, US on the coast of
the Atlantic Ocean, known especially for its CASINOS 大西洋
城〔大西洋沿岸城市，位于美国新泽西州，以赌场著称)
Atlantic O.cean, the /··.'·/ the ocean between the east coast
of North and South America and the west coast of Europe and
Africa. The Atlantic Ocean is the world's second largest ocean.
大西洋〔世界第二大海洋，位于南北美洲东岸与欧洲、非洲西岸之
间〕
At.lan.tis /et`laentis; ot'laentss/ according to ancient Greek
stories, an island CONTINENT west of Gibraltar that sank into
the Atlantic Ocean after an EARTHOUAKE 大西岛〔古希腊传说
中一块漂浮的大陆，位于直布罗陀海峡以西，一次地震后沉入大西
洋〕
at.las aetles; 'aetles/ n a book of maps 地图集，地图册： a world
atlas 世界地图册
Atlas in Greek MYTHOLOGY, one of the TITANS (=the first gods
who ruled the universe). After the Titans were defeated by ZEUS,
Atlas was forced to hold the sky on his shoulders forever. In
art, however, Atlas is usually shown holding the world on his
shoulders, not the sky.阿特拉斯〔希腊神话中提坦巨人之一，提
坦巨人被宙斯打败后，阿特拉斯被迫以双肩扛天。然而在艺术作品
中，他通常是以双肩扛地球〕- see colour picture on page A15
参见A15页彩图
Atlas, Charles (1893-1972) a US BODYBUILDER, who started a
successful business selling a course that showed people how
to develop strong muscles. Its advertisements used the phrase
'You too can have a body like mine'. Charles Atlas's name is
often used humorously to describe someone who has strong
muscles.阿特拉斯〔(1893-1972)，美国健美运动员，因开设健美
课程而生意兴隆，广告语为“你也可以拥有像我一样的体魄”。查
尔斯·阿特拉斯这个名字被用来形容某个肌肉发达的人，语气幽
默)： He thinks he's Charles Atlas. 他觉得他的体魄像查尔斯·
阿特拉斯一样强壮。
ATM /，e ti`sm;,ei ti: 'em/ n especially AmE【尤美】 abbrev. for
缩写=automatic teller machine; a machine that you use to get
money from, especially outside a bank; BrE【英】 CASHPOINT
自动提款机
at·mo·sphere /`aetmes fir; 'aetmesfie/n 1 [C; the+S] the mix.
ture of gases that surrounds the Earth, a star etc〔围绕地球、星
球等的〕大气，大气层 2 [S] the air, especially in a room 〔尤指
室内的)空气： a smoky atmosphere 烟雾腾腾 3 [C usually sing.
一般用单数] the general character or feeling of a place 气氛
环境： Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant
atmosphere in the office.自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总
有一种不愉快的气氛。4 you could(have) cut the atmosphere/
air with a knife used in order to say that you felt or knew very
clearly that the people in a room were very angry or upset.
although no one was saying anything〔尽管没人说起〕可以感觉
气氛不和[紧张]： When Dot said that hanging the flag upside
down was appropriate, you could have cut the atmosphere
with a knife.当多特说旗子挂倒了也没问题时，你可以感觉到气
氛紧张了。| The moment I walked into the room, I knew some-
thing was wrong. You could cut the air with a knife.一踏进房
间我就觉得不对劲儿，可以感觉得到气氛很紧张
at·mo·spher.ic /，aetmes`ferik;,aetmes'ferik/ adj 1 [A] of or
concerning the Earth's atmosphere 大气的；大气层的；有关大
气的：atmospheric pressure 气压 2 mysteriously beautiful and
strange 有神秘美感的；富于制造气氛的：That music's very
atmospheric.那音乐很能制造气氛。
at·mo·spher.ics /，aetmes`feriks;,aetmes'feriks/ n [P] (a con-
tinuous light cracking noise in a radio caused by) electrical
forces in the atmosphere〔无线电的〕大气干扰；天电
at.oll /aetal; 'aetol/ n a ring-shaped island made of CORAL, partly
or completely enclosing an area of sea water (LAGOON)环状珊
瑚岛，环礁
*at.om /aetem; 'aetem/ n the smallest piece of a simple substance
(ELEMENT) that can exist alone or combine with other sub-
stances (to form moleculeS)原子〔构成化学元素的最小粒子):
(fig.喻) There's not an atom (=not even the smallest bit) of
truth in that statement.那个声明没有丝毫真实性
atom bomb /'· ·/ also 又作 atomic bomb /·，· '·/， A-bomb
n old-fash a bomb that uses the explosive power of NUCLEAR
ENERGY【过时】原子弹
a.tom.ic /e`tamik; e'tomik/ adj of or concerning atoms.
NUCLEAR weapons, or NUCLEAR ENERGY 原子的；关于原子的
核武器的；核能的； an atomic submarine 核潜艇」atomic power/
warfare 核动力；核战争 `- ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
atomic en·er.gy /··/ n [U] NUCLEAR ENERGY 原子能，核能
atomic pile /./ n a NUCLEAR REACTOR(原子)反应堆，核反
应堆
at.om·izer /`aetem,aize; 'aetemaize/ n an instrument that
changes a liquid, such as a PERFUME, into a mist of very small
drops by forcing it out through a very small hole 雾化器，喷雾
器<如香水喷雾器>
atom smash·er /'· ，·/ n infml【非正式】= ACCELERATOR (2)
a.ton.al /e`tonl; er'teunl/ adj (of music) not based on any or-
dered SCALE (=set of notes) 〔音乐〕无调的 - ~ly adv - ~ity
/eto`naeleti:eiteu'naelti/n[U]
a.tone /e`ton; e'teun/ v [I (for)] to make repayment (for a crime,
0087
for failing to do something etc)赎（罪）：弥补，补偿〔过错等)：
He tried to atone for his rudeness by sending her some flowers.
他给她送去了一些花，想以此为自己的粗鲁无礼赔罪。—~ment
n [U] - see also 另见 DAY OF ATONEMENT
a·top /e`tap; e'top/ prep lit on, to, or at the top of 【文】在··顶
上，在·上面
A to  /，e te`zi;,ei te 'zed/ - see参见 A-Z
at·ri·um /etriem; 'eitriem/ n -ria /-rie; -rie/ or -ums 1 either of
the two spaces in the top of the heart that force blood into the
VENTRICLES心房 2 a large open space on the ground floor of a
tall building sometimes open to the sky and sometimes going
up several levels of the building〔高大建筑物的)中庭
a·tro·cious /e`trofes; e'treufes/ adj 1 extremely cruel, evil
shameful, shocking etc 凶恶的；非常残忍的，邪恶的；恶劣的：an
atrocious crime 非常残暴的罪行 」 atrocious working condi-
tions 恶劣的工作环境 2 infml very bad or unpleasant 【非正式】
很糟糕的，很坏的：an atrocious meal(一顿)很差劲的饭 - ~l
adv
a.troc.i.ty /e`traseti; e'trosti/n1 [C; U] (an act of) great evil.
especially cruelty极大的罪恶（行为），暴行，穷凶极恶：wa
criminals who committed appalling atrocitieslacts of appal-
ling atrocity 犯下了骇人听闻暴行的战犯 2 [C] infml something
that is very unpleasant or ugly【非正式】极丑恶的东西，难看的
东西：The new library building is an atrocity.新建的图书馆楼
难看得要命
at·ro·phy /aetrefi; 'aetrefi/ v [I; T] to (cause to) weaken and
lose flesh and muscle through lack of blood or lack of use(使)
(肌肉)萎缩，（使）衰退：The disease atrophied her leg.疾病使
她的一条腿萎缩了。| Her leg quickly atrophied,她的腿萎缩
得很快。| (fig. 喻) a boring repetitive job that atrophied my
mind 使我智力退化的令人厌烦的重复性工作 - atrophy n[U]
at·tach /e`taetf; e'taetf/ v [T] 1 [(to)] to fasten in position; fix or
connect 系，绑；贴；固定；连接；附着：Be careful of the handle
- it's not very well attached.当心那个手柄 ——它接得不太
牢。| She attached a cheque to the order form. 她在订货单上
附了一张支票。|“Their offer seems too good to be true.
\"Don't worry- there are no strings attached.\"(=no hid-
den conditions)“他们的提议好得令人难以置信。”“不用担心
没有附带的条件。”- compare 比较 DETACH 2 law to seize
(goods or a person) because of an unpaid debt【律】扣押〔债务
人或其财产〕；查封
attach to phr v [T] 1 (attach sbdy. to sthg.) to cause to be-
long to(a group or organization), especially for a limited period
〔尤指短期地〕使参加，使属于〔某团体)：During the war I was
attached to the naval college as a gunnery instructor.战争期
间我被分配到海军军事学院当炮术教官。|I got lost so I attached
myself to another party of tourists.我（由于）迷了路，所以只
好加入另一个旅行团。2 (attach sthg. to sthg.) to regard as hav-
ing(special meaning or importance)重视，认为.·有重要性：She
attaches great importance to regular exercise.她对正规训练
极为重视。| It would be unwise to attach too much signifi-
cance to these opinion polls.把这些民意测验看得过于重要是
不明智的。3(attach to sthg.) fml to belong to or be connected
with【正式】属于，与··有关连： No blame attaches to him for
the accident. 这次事故的责任与他无关。| [+v-ing] the respon-
sibilities that attach to being president 作为总统应负的责任
4 be attached to to be fond of and feel a strong connection
with 喜欢，依恋： I am deeply/very attached to this old car. 我
非常喜欢这辆旧车
at.tach.e /aetefe; e'taefei/ n a person with specialist knowl-
edge who works in an EMBASSY〔在大使馆工作的〕专员，随员
a naval attaché 海军武官
attaché case /'·/ n a thin hard case with a handle, for carry.
ing papers 手提公文箱 - compare 比较 BRIEFCASE
at·tach·ment /e`taetfment; e'taetfment/ n 1 [C] something that
is fixed to something else附件，附属物，附加物，连接物：a
vacuum cleaner with a special attachment for dusting books
备有专门打扫书籍的附属装置的吸尘器2[C(to)] fondness or
friendship(for)喜爱，爱慕，依恋： She has already formed a
strong attachment to her baby brother,她对还在襁褓中的小
弟弟已经很有感情。3 [U (to)] the act of attaching or state of
being attached 绑，连接，固定；加入；委派，指派： an officer on
attachment to the drugs squad 一个被派到缉毒小分队去的警
官 4 [C; U] law the seizure of a person or their goods in order
to clear a debt【律】〔为清算债务而对某人或其财产的〕扣押；查
封
*at.tack1 /e`taek; e'taek/ v 1 [I; T] to use violence (against), espe.
cially with weapons〔尤指用武器)进攻，攻击：The enemy at-
tacked (us) at night.敌人在夜里（向我们） 进攻。2 [T] to speak
or write strongly against with the intention of showing some-
thing to be bad or worthless〔用语言或文字〕猛烈抨击，攻击，非
难： a powerful speech attacking government policy 一篇猛烈
抨击政府政策的演讲 3 [T] to have a harmful or damaging ef-
fect on, especially by a continuing action〔尤指持续地)给..造
成伤害；侵袭，侵蚀：The disease attacks cereal crops/the cen-
tral nervous system.这种病害侵袭谷类作物「破坏中枢神经系
统]。4 [T] to begin to deal with (something) with eagerness
and determination 着手处理，投入： She attacked the problen
at once. 她立即着手处理这个问题。| He attacked the food as
if he hadn't eaten for a week. 他狼吞虎咽开始吃起来，就像一
个星期没吃东西似的。- ~er n: armed attackers 武装进攻者
attack2n 1 [C(on); U](an act of) violence intended to harm进
攻，袭击，攻击：Security will be increased after yesterday's
attack on the President's life.昨天发生刺杀总统的事件以后，
保安工作将会加强。| The city came under attack during the
night.该城在夜间遭到了袭击。2 [C(on)] writing, words, or
action directed forcefully against a person, plan etc, intended
to hurt or damage 辱骂，抨击，非难，攻击： The speaker made a
scathing attack on the government's record.演说者毫不留情
地抨击政府的业绩。| The police are launching a major at
tack on drug dealers.警方对毒品贩子发动了大规模的攻击。3
[C(of)] a sudden and usually severe period of illness, espe-
cially one which tends to return〔疾病的〕突然发作： an attack
of malarialasthma 疟疾[气喘病]的发作 | (fig. 喻) He was
overcome by a sudden attack of shyness.他突然觉得不好意思
起来。- see also 另见 HEART ATTACK
at.tain /e`ten; e'tein/ v [T] fml to gain or arrive at after long
effort; reach【正式】〔长期努力后)获得，达成： She attained rank
of deputy director. 她晋升为副局长。| to attain one's objec-
tives 达到个人的目标 - ~able adj
attain to sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] fml to reach (a
desired state or condition)【正式】达到，获致
at·tain.ment /e`tenment; e'teinment/ n fml【正式】1 [U] the act
of attaining 达到，完成：获得； the attainment of happiness 幸
福的获得 2 [C] something that has been successfully gained or
learned, often a skill 成就，造诣，学识，技能： The ability to speak
Chinese was among his attainments.他的技能之一是会讲汉
语。
*at.tempt1 /e`tempt; e'tempt/ v [T] to make an effort at; try (to
do something), especially without succeeding 试图，尝试，企
图： The second question was so difficult I didn't even attemp
it.第二道题太难了，我连碰都不敢碰。」[+to-y] He attempted
to leave but was stopped. 他试图离开，但被阻止了。| [+v-ing]
I attempted walking along the rope. 我试着走绳索。| The old
lady lived, so her attacker was charged with attempted
murder, not murder.这个老太太还活着，所以攻击她的人被控
犯了谋杀未遂罪，而不是谋杀罪。
*attempt2n [(at, on)] an effort made to do something 努力，尝
试，企图： He failed to set a new record, but it was a good
attempt.他虽然没有创出新的记录，但他作了很大的努力。|I
passed my driving test at the third attempt.我考到第三次才通
过了驾驶考试。|After the attempt on her life(=the attempt
to kil her) she retired from politics.在有人企图谋杀她之后，
她便退出了政坛。| [+to-v] The government announced big
tax cuts in an attempt to regain its lost popularity.政府宣布
大幅度减税，企图以此恢复失去的声望。|Could you at least
make an attempt to smile?你起码试着笑一笑，行吗？
At.ten-bo.rough /aetnb3o; 'aetanbare/. Sir David (1926-)a
British NATURALIST who has made many popular television
programmes about nature and animals all around the world.
These include Life on Earth (1978) and The Living Plane
(1983).阿滕伯勒〔(1926-)，英国博物学家，制作过许多介绍世
界各地自然风貌和动物的电视节目，广受欢迎，包括《地球上的生
命》(1978)和《生气勃勃的行星》(1983)等〕
Attenborough, Lord Richard (1923-)an English film actor
and DIRECTOR who made the films Gandhi (1982) and Cry
Freedom(1987)阿滕伯勒〔(1923-)，英国电影演员、导演，制作
过影片《甘地传》(1982)和《自由之声》(1987)〕
*at.tend /e`tend; e'tend/ v1 [I; T] to be present at; go to参加，出
席，到场：Will you be attending the meeting?你会去参加会议
吗？ | The dance was well attended. (=there were many people
there) 这次舞会参加的人很多。| Please let us know if you are
unable to attend.如果你不能出席，请通知我们。2 [I(on, upon):
T] to go with or be with, especially to give protection, help, or
care 看护，照料： The queen had a good doctor attending (on)
her.女王有一个好医生在照料她。| He was constantl attended
by his bodyguard.他经常由他的保镖保护着。3 [I(to)] fml to
give one's attention 【正式】注意，专心；倾听：Are you attend-
ing (to what is being said)?你有没有注意听（别人说的话） ？ 4
[T] fml to happen in connection with; ACCOMPANY(2)【正式】
0088
陪伴；伴随···而至：The rescue attempt was attended by注意〔英国广播为出海人员作特别天气报告前说的一句话)
difficulties.营救工作遇到重重困难
USAGE 用法说明 People who attend a play or concert
are the audience; people who attend a religious service
are the congregation; people who attend a game, such as
football, are spectators. But an attendant is someone who
is employed to look after a public place or the people who
use it. 观赏戏剧或音乐会的人叫 audience （观众；听众）；参
加宗教礼拜仪式的人叫congregation(会众)：观看体育比赛
(如足球赛)的人叫spectators(观众)。但受雇照料公共场所
或其使用者的人叫 attendant; a swimming-pool attendant
(游泳池服务员)。Someone who works in a shop is an as.
sistant, or shop assistant (BrE)/salesclerk (AmE).在商店
工作的人叫 assistant 或 shop assistant （英）/sales-clerk
(美)（店员）。
attend to sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] to direct one's efforts and
interest towards; deal with or look after料理，处理：照顾：专心
(致力)于：Excuse me, but I have an urgent matter to attend
to.对不起，我有急事需要处理。| You'd better attend to the
children first - they need their breakfast. 你最好还是先去照
料孩子—他们要吃早餐。
at.tend.ance /e`tandens; e'tendens/ n 1 [C; U (at)] the act or
fact of attending, usually regularly〔常指定时定期的〕出席，到
场： Attendance at school is demanded by law.法律规定儿童
必须上学。|a poor attendance record出席次数极少的记录
2 [S(at)] the number of people present 出席人数，出席者：ar
attendance of over 5000出席人数超过5000 3 [U (on)] fm
the act of going with or being with someone【正式】伴随，随行
侍候，照顾，料理： There is a doctor in attendance on the queen
有一个医生在照顾女王。4 be in attendance to be a BRIDES-
MAID at a wedding 在婚礼上做伴娘： In attendance were his
sisters Joannc and Mary.伴娘是他的两个妹妹乔安娜和玛丽。
- see also 另见 dance attendance on someone (DANCE1 (5)
at·tend·ant1 /e`tendent; e'tendent/ n 1 a person employed to
look after and help visitors or customers in a public place〔公
共场所的)服务员，侍者：a car park/museum attendant 停车场
的服务员：博物馆的接待员- see参见 ATTEND(USAGE)2a
person who goes with and serves or looks after another 侍从，
随从 3 a BRIDESMAID 伴娘： Attendants were Miss J. Brown
and Miss L. Paton.伴娘是J.布朗小姐和L.佩顿小姐。
attendant2 adj [(on, upon)] fml【正式】1 happening at the same
time as, or as a result of, something else伴随的，随之而来的
附带的： One of the difficulties attendant on shift work is lack
of sleep. 轮班工作带来的困难之一就是睡眠不足。| bad weather
and its attendant problems 坏天气及随之而来的问题 2 on duty
to help and look after someone 随侍的，侍候的，负责照料的，服
务的
at·ten.tion' /e`tenfen; e'tenfan/ n 1 [U] the act of fixing the
mind on something, especially by watching or listening; full
thought and consideration 注意，留心，专心，注意力： You mus
pay attention to the teacher. Don't let your attention wander.
你必须专心听老师讲课，注意力不要分散。| He likes to be the
centre of attention.他喜欢成为大家注意的人物。| She waved
her hand to attract/catch my attention.她挥手以吸引[引起]
我的注意。| If you distract his attention, I'll slip out of the
room when he isn't looking.如果你引开他的注意力，我就在他
看不到时溜出房间去。| She was convicted of driving without
due care and attention.她被判犯有驾驶不专心之罪。| He's
got a very short attention span. (=he can only keep his atten-
tion on something for a short time)他能集中注意力于某件事的
时间很短。2[U] particular care or consideration given to
something, especially with the aim of taking action关心，关
注，照应，照顾：Old cars need a lot of care and attention to
keep them working. 旧车子需要特别注意保养才能经久耐用。
This letter is for the attention of Mr Robinson.此信请鲁宾逊
先生亲自处理。| The police should pay more attention to
catching criminals.警方应多把注意力集中在捕捉罪犯上。| The
company is now turning its attention to the luxury car market
公司现在正把注意力转移到豪华轿车的市场上。3 [C usually pl.
>
般用复数] becoming rare a kind or polite act showing re-
spect or love, especially of a man to a woman【渐罕】〔尤指男
人对女人的)殷勤，亲切： She felt embarrassed by his persis-
tent attentions.他不停地向她大献殷勤，使她感到很难为情。4
[U] a military position in which a soldier stands straight and
still 立正： to come to attention 做立正姿势 」 to stand at atten
tion 立正站着不动 - compare 比较 EASE'(3) 5attention all
shipping the phrase used on the British radio before the spe-
cial report about the weather for people on the sea 海上人员请
*attention2 also'shun-interj a military order to come to AT-
TENTION1(4)〔军事口令〕立正！
at.ten.tive /e`tentiv; e'tentiv/ adj1 taking careful notice: lis.
tening carefully 注意的，留心的，专心的；注意听的： an atten-
tive audience/class 注意听讲的听众[班级] - opposite 反义词
inattentive 2 [(to)] politely helpful 有礼貌的，照顾周到的：He
was very attentive to the old lady and did everything for her
他对那老太太照顾得很周到，什么事都帮她做。- ~ly ady -
~ness n [U]
at·ten·u.ate /e`tenju et; e'tenjueit/ v [I; T] fml or tech to (cause
to)become thin, weak, less valuable etc【正式或术语】（使）变
瘦，（使）变弱；（使）减低价值；稀释，（使）稀薄；（使）变少：apow-
erful drug, used in an attenuated form as a medicine 一种稀
释后做药用的烈性毒品--ation /e,tnju`efen;etenju'eifan/n
[U]
at·test /e`test; e'test/ ν fml【正式】1 [T] to declare to be true.
especially by signing something〔尤指通过签署某种文件〕作证，
证实，证明为真实： Witnesses attested his account of the attack
几名证人都证实了他对这次袭击的陈述是真实的。2[I+to;T]to
be proof of; DEMONSTRATE 证明，说明，作为··之证据： The luxu
rious furnishings attested (to) the family's wealth.奢侈的家
具表明这家人很富裕。
at·tes.ta.tion /aetes`tefen;aete'steifan/ n [C; U] fiml (the mak
ing of) a statement which the maker solemnly declares to be
true【正式】证明，证实，证词（的提拱）；签名证明
attested milk /·· `·/ BrE【英】 ‖ certified milk AmE【美】 - n
[U] milk produced under official medical control经检验无菌
的牛奶，消毒牛奶
at tic /`aetik; 'aetik/ n the space in a building, especially a house.
just below the roof, which is often made into a room or used
for storing furniture. In the past, attic rooms were often cheap
to rent and people with little money often used to live in them.
〔屋顶下的〕阁楼，顶楼〔常用作房间或用来堆放家具。过去，阁楼
由于租金低廉，所以常常为没钱的人租赁〕-compare 比较GAR
RET
At.til.a /e`tile; e'tile/ also 又作 Attila the Hun (？406-453 AD)
a king of the Huns (=an ancient people from Asia) who at-
tacked and took control of large parts of the ROMAN EMPIRE
He is famous for being violent and cruel.阿提拉〔（公元？406
453),匈奴王，攻占了罗马帝国的大片土地，以残暴出名
at.tire1 /e`tair; e'taie/ n [U] fiml clothes, especially of a particu-
lar type【正式】〔尤指特定式样的〕衣服，服装： in formal attire
穿着礼服
attire2v[T (in)] fml to put on clothes; dress【正式】穿着，盛装：
attired in her academic robes穿着她的大学学位服
at.ti.tude /`aete tjud; 'aettju:d/ n 1 [(to, towards)] a way of
feeling or thinking about someone or something, especially as
this influences one's behaviour 态度，心态；感觉，想法： I don't
lke her (unhelpfu) attitude,我不喜欢她的(不合作)态度。
What is the company's attitude toltowards this idea?公司对
这种意见持什么态度？| a pessimistic attitude of mind 悲观的
心态 2 have an attitude problem also 又作 have an attitude
AmE to behave in an angry way that shows you have no re-
spect for other people 【美】态度有问题，盛气凌人： Ben has an
attitude probler at school that needs to change.本在学校里
态度有问题，需要改变一下。| Tillman's a tough plaver with
an attitude on the basketball court,蒂尔曼是个粗野的球员，在
篮球场上横冲直撞。3 with attitude: a a person with attitude is
very confident and determined, and does unusual and exciting
things without caring what other people think 我行我素的 b
showing the confidence to do exactly what you want, espe-
cially if it annoys or worries other people 自信的；自负的： I
like what Krista was wearing at the club - it's dance fash-
ion with attitude.我喜欢克丽斯塔在夜总会的穿着 ——充满自
信的舞会时装。| They're a couple of South London rockers
with attitude.他们是一群自负的南伦敦摇滚青年
Att.lee /`aetli; 'aetli:/, Clement (1883-1967) a British politi-
cian in the LABOUR Party who was Prime Minister from 1945
to 1951. His government established the UK's NATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICE and the modern WELFARE STATE.艾德礼
〔(1883-1967)，英国工党政治家，1945年至1951年任英国首相，
他的政府创立了英国国民保健制度和一个现代的福利国家〕
at.tor.ney /e`t3ni; e't3:ni/ n AmE a lawyer. Lawyers in the US
have to be licensed (LICENSE) by the state in which they practise,
which allows them to practise in FEDERAL courts, but not ne-
cessarily in other states.【美】律师〔美国的律师必须持有从业所
在州颁发的执照方可在联邦法院出庭，但在其他州的法院出庭则不
一定需要) ： She refused to make a statement until she had spok-
en to her attorney. 她拒绝发表谈话，要先和她的律师谈谈。-
0089
see also 另见 POWER OF ATTORNEY
attorney gen·e·ral /·，· '·/n attorneys general or attorney
generals (usually caps.一般用大写) the chief law officer of a
state or nation. In Britain the Attorney General is a Member of
Parliament and a BARRISTER. He is the chief law officer of the
Crown and head of the English Bar. In the US the Attorney
General is a member of the CABINET appointed by the President.
He is the head of the Justice Department and the government's
lawyer.〔美国各州的〕首席检察官，检察长；〔美〕司法部长：〔英〕律
政司，检察总长〔在英国检察总长是下议院议员、大律师，王国政府
的法务长官及英国律师界首脑。在美国，司法部长是由总统任命的
内阁成员，司法部首脑及政府的律师〕-- see also另见 LORD AD-
VOCATE
*at-tract /e`traekt; e'traekt/ v [T]. 1 to excite the admiration
interest, or feelings of 吸引，引起〔赞赏、兴趣、感情等) ： He was
attracted by her smile. 他为她的微笑所吸引。| She's always
attracted to (=she likes) foreign men. 她总是喜欢外国男人。
His new book has attracted a lot of attention.他的新书吸引
了许多人的注意。2 to draw or pull towards oneself; cause to
come near 招引；吸，吸引；引诱： A magnet attracts iron. 磁石
吸铁。| Flowers attract bees. 花招引蜜蜂。| The company is
trying to attract overseas investors,这家公司试图吸引海外的
投资者。| a proposal that attracted widespread criticism引
起广泛批评的一个提案」They say that opposites attract.据说
两个对立物会互相吸引
attrac-tion /e`traekfen; e'traekfan/ n 1 [U] the action or power
of attracting 吸引（力），诱惑（力）： The idea of travelling to
the moon holds little attraction for me.到月球去旅行这个主
意对我没有多少吸引力。| What's the attraction of going (=why
do you want to go) on the stage?是什么（东西）吸引你登上
舞台（当演员）的？2 [C] something which attracts 吸引人之
物，有魅力之物，诱惑物： Our main attraction on tonight's
show is an interview with Clint Eastwood. 我们今晚最精彩的
节目就是采访克林特·伊斯特伍德。— see also 另见 TOURIST
ATTRACTION
*at.trac.tive /e`traektiv; e'traektiv/ adj 1 able to attract; exciting
interest or pleasure 有吸引力的，引人注目的，引人入胜的，诱惑
人的： I find the idea of travel very attractive,我觉得旅游这个
主意很吸引人。」an attractive smile/offer/investment 动人的
微笑：诱人的开价；引人注目的投资 2 having good looks; pretty
or HANDSOME 漂亮的，英俊的： an attractive girllyoung man
-个漂亮的女孩；一个英俊的年轻人 — opposite 反义词 unat-
tractive -- see 参见 BEAUTIFUL (USAGE) -- ~ly ady -- ~ness
n[U]
at.tri·bute' /aetre bjut; 'aetrbju:t/ n a quality forming part of
the nature of a person or thing 特性，特质，属性： Kindness is
one of his best attributes.仁慈是他的好品性之一。
at.tri.bute2/e`tribjut; e'tribju:t/v
attribute sthg. to sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] to believe (something
to be the result or work of 把（某事）归因于，认为是·的结果
[+obj/v-ing] He attributes his success to hard work/to work-
ing hard. 他把自己的成功归因于努力工作。| This song is usu-
aly attributed to Schubert.这首歌曲通常被认为是舒伯特的作
品。-— attributable adj[F+to]: The fall in the price is attribu
table to a sharp reduction in demand, 价格下跌可归因于需求
量的大幅度减少。-— attribution /aetre`bjufen;aetr'bju:fan/
n [U (to)]
at·trib·u.tive /e`tribjetiy; e'tribjtiv/ adj (of an adjective, noun
or phrase) describing and coming before a noun〔置于名词前)
起修饰作用的，〔形容词、名词或短语〕限定的，起定语作用的：In
'a major success' 'major'is an attributive adjective, and in
the school bus' 'school' is a noun in attributive position.在
“a major success”中“major”是一个起修饰作用的形容词，而
在“the school bus”中，“school”是一个起定语作用的名词。—
compare 比较 PREDICATIVE -~ly adv
at.tri.tion /e`trifen; e'trifan/ n [U] the process of tiring
weakening, or destroying by continual worry, hardship, or re
peated attacks 消耗：消磨，磨损； to wage a war of attrition 展
开一场消耗战
at.tune /e`tjun; e'tju:n/ v
attune sbdy./sthg. to sthg. phr v [T usually pass. 一般用被
动语态] to make used to or ready for 使习惯于，使适应，使准备
好： I'm not really attuned to his way of thinking yet. 我还没有
完全习惯于他的思考方式
At·wood /aetwud; 'aetwud/, Margaret (1939-)a Canadiar
writer of short stories, poems, and novels, usually about the
lives and relationships of women. Her novels include The
Handmaid's Tale (1986)， Cat's Eye (1989)， and Alias Grace
(1996),阿特伍德〔(1939-)，加拿大女诗人、小说家，作品常以女
性生活及她们相互间的关系为题材。她的小说包括《女仆的故事》
(1986)、《猫眼》(1989)和《化名格雷斯》(1996)〕
a.typ.i.cal /e`tipikl; ei'tipikal/ adj not typical; different from
what is usual 非典型的，不同寻常的： Her reaction to the drug
was atypical. 她对这种药物的反应不典型。-- ~ly /-kli; -kli/
adv
au·ber-gine `oba 3in; 'eube3i:n/ usually 一般作 eggplant AmE
【美】-- n [C; U] (a type of plant with) a large purple fruit that
is eaten as a vegetable, usually cooked, e.g. in MOUSSAKA or
RATATOUILLE茄子
au·burn /`oba·n: 'o:ben/ adj(especially of hair) reddish-brown
〔尤指头发〕红褐色的，茶色的 - auburn n[U]
Auckland /oklend; 'o:klend/ the largest city of NORTH ISLAND.
New Zealand, and an important port 奥克兰〔新西兰北岛最大
的城市，也是重要的港口〕
auc.tion' /`okfen; 'o:kfan/ n a public meeting at which land,
buildings, or valuable goods are sold to the person who offers
the most money. The auctioneer calls out a fairly low price,
called the starting price, then people show in some way if
they are willing to pay more than this, until finally one person
offers more than anyone else is willing to pay, and the goods
are sold to them. 拍卖〔拍卖人喊出一个较低的价格，称“起拍价”，
人们如果愿意出更高价就竞相表示，直至最后有人报出最高价就拍
板成交)： to bid at a furniture auction 在家具拍卖中出价
They've put the contents of their house up for auction.他们
把房子里的东西全都拿去拍卖了。| It was sold at/by auction.
这东西是被拍卖掉的。-— see also 另见 DUTCH AUCTION
auction2ν [T (OFF)] to sell by auction 拍卖
auction bridge /'./ n [U] a card game for four people where
the players BID2(3) to be allowed to choose the TRUMP suit 竞
叫桥牌 -- see also 另见 BRIDGE3, CONTRACT BRIDGE
auc.tio.neer /okfen`ir;o:kfe'nie/n a person who is in charge
of an auction and who calls out the prices as they are reached
拍卖人
auction house /'./ n a company which arranges auctions
The most well-known auction houses in Britain and the US are
Christie's and Sotheby's.拍卖行〔在英国和美国最出名的拍卖行
有克里斯蒂拍卖行和索思比拍卖行)
au.da.cious /o`defes; o:'deifes/ adj 1 daring, often to a degree
that is considered foolish; ready to take dangerous risks 大胆
的；愚勇的；不顾一切随时准备去冒险的 2 daringly impolite and
disrespectful 大胆无礼的，厚颜无耻的，鲁莽的，放肆的—~ly
adv
au·dac·i·ty /o`daeseti; o:'daesti/ n [U] 1 daring bravery 大胆 2
daring rudeness; lack of respect 鲁莽，大胆无礼，放肆： How you
have the audacity to say such a thing, I don't know! 你怎么胆
敢说出这样的话，我真不明白！
Au-den /`odn; 'o:dn/, W.H. (1907-1973) a British poet who was
an important and influential figure in English literature during
the 1930s, when he belonged to a group of LEFT-WING writers.
He became a US citizen in 1946.奥登〔(1907-1973)，英国诗
人，20世纪30年代英国文学界具影响力的重要人物，当时属左翼
作家团体成员，1946年成为美国公民)
Au·di /`audi; 'audi:/ trademark a type of German car, made by
the same company that produces VOLKSWAGEN cars【商标】奥
迪汽车〔德国车，由生产大众汽车的公司制造〕
au·di·ble /`odebl; 'o:dbal/ adj able to be heard 听得见的： His
voice was barely audible above the noise of the machinery.
在机器的轰响声中，他的声音几乎听不见。—opposite 反义词
inaudible -- -bly ady -- -bility /ode`bileti;,od'bilati/n [U]
au.di·ence /odiens; 'o:diens/ n 1 [C+ sing./pl. v] the people
listening to or watching a performance, speech, television show
etc 听众；观众： The audience applauded loudly at the end of
the concert. 音乐会结束时，观众热烈地鼓掌。| Some members
of the audience were shocked by the scenes of violence.观众
中有些人对那些暴力场面感到震惊。| an appreciative audience
有鉴赏力的观众 」 a TV programme with an audience of 12
million viewers 一个有1200万观众收看的电视节目 」a show
with a lot of audience participation 有很多观众参与的一个节
目-- see参见 ATTEND(USAGE)2 [C] a formal meeting be-
tween someone powerful and someone less important 晋见，正
式拜会，谒见，觐见： to have/seek/be granted an audience with
the Pope 谒见教皇；请求觐见教皇；获准谒见教皇 3 [U] law free-
dom to be heard and to express one's views in a law court 【律】
〔法庭上申诉、意见等之〕倾听，听取
au.di.o /odi,o; 'o:dieu/ adj [A] tech connected with or used in
the broadcasting or receiving of sound radio signals【术语】〔无
线电〕成音频率的，音频的-compare 比较 VIDEO
au·di·o.tape /odio,tep; 'o:dieu,teip/ n [C; U] (a)TAPE1(2) used
for recording sound on 录音磁带
audio-typ.ist /'..·/ n a typist who can type letters etc which
0090
have been recorded onto TAPE' (2)听录音带打字员 - audio
typing n [U]
audio-vis·u·al /.·.'·./ adj of, using, or being educationa
materials that provide information which can be seen and heard
视听教学的： The school's audio-visual equipment includes
videos and cassettes,这个学校的视听教学设备包括录影带和录
音磁带。| the use of audio-visual aids in teaching 视听教学工
具在教学中的使用
au-dit odit; 'o:dt/ v [T] to make an official examination of
(the accounts of a business). Every British company must by
law keep proper financial records and have them audited regu-
larly by an independent auditor who is a fully trained
accountant.检查〔账目〕，审计，稽核〔英国法律规定每一家公司都
必须做好财务记录，并定期由一位独立审计员审计，审计员必须是
受过正规训练的会计师〕 - audit n: The yearly audit takes
place each December.年度审计在每年的12月份进行
au-di-tion'/o`difen; o:'difan/ n a performance given by a singer
actor etc, as a test of their ability or suitability for a particular
job〔招聘歌唱者、演员等时的〕试听，试唱，试演：They're holding
auditions for the part next week.他们下周为挑选演这个角色
的演员进行试演
audition2y [I: T] to give or cause (someone) to give an audi.
tion 要求〔某人〕试演；试演： He (was) auditioned for the role
of Julius Caesar.他（被要求）试演尤利乌斯·凯撒这一角色
au.di.tor /odite: 'o:dte/ n 1 a person who audits the accounts
of businesses 稽核员，查账员，审计员 2 rare a person who
listens;hearer【罕】听者
au.di.to.ri.um /ode`toriem; o:d'to:riem/ n the space in a
theatre, hall etc where people sit when listening to or watching
a performance〔戏院、大会堂等的〕听众席，观众席；礼堂
au·di.to.ry /`ode torr: 'o:dtari/ adj tech of, by, or for hearing
【术语】听觉的；auditory difficulties for which an ear opera-
tion was necessary 需要施行耳朵手术的听觉障碍
Au·du·bon /odebgn: 'o:debpn/, John James (1785-1851) a
US NATURALIST (=someone who studies animals and plants)
and painter of North American birds 奥杜邦〔(1785-1851)，美
国博物学家，北美禽鸟的画家
Audubon Society, the an organization in the US that works
to protect wild birds. There is a similar organization in the UK
called the RSPB.奥杜邦协会〔美国一野生鸟类保护组织。英国的
个类似机构叫做皇家鸟类保护协会〕
Au·er·bach /`auebak; 'aueba:k/, Red (1917- ) a successful
US BASKETBALL COACH(=someone who trains a sports team)
who is known for always having a CIGAR奥尔巴克〔 (1917- )，
战功卓著的美国篮球教练。他总是口叼雪茄
au fait / o`fe; u 'fe/ adj [F (with)] fully informed; familiar 精
通的：熟悉的： I'm new to the job and not quite au fait with all
the procedures yet.我刚来做这个工作，还不十分熟悉所有的程
Auf Wie.der.seh.en /auf`vide zeen; auf 'vi:dezeien/ the Ger-
man for 'goodbye'〔德语〕再见
Au.ge.an sta.bles, the /o d3ien `steblz; o:,d3i:en 'steibalz
according to ancient Greek stories, the very dirty buildings
where a king named Augeas kept thousands of cattle. HERCULES
was ordered to clean them, and he did this by changing the
direction of a river to make the water flow through the stables
The expression 'to clean the Augean stables'is sometimes usec
n literature to describe a very difficult unpleasant job.奥吉亚
斯的牛舍〔古希腊传说中，国王奥吉亚斯饲养着数千头牛的场所。
极其肮脏。赫拉克勒斯曾被命令将全部牛舍打扫干净，他引来河水
完成了清扫任务。“打扫奥吉亚斯的牛舍”这一表达方式有时用于
文学作品中，形容令人讨厌的重活〕
au-ger /`oga; 'o:ge/ n a tool for making large holes in wood or
in the ground 螺旋钻，钻孔机
aught /ot; o:t/ pron 1 old use anything 【旧】任何事物 2 for aught
I know/care lit for all I know/care; but I do not know/care
【文】亦未可知，说不定：据我所知：不关我的事，我才不管呢：He
may be dead for aught I know. 说不定他已经死了
aug.ment /og`ment; o:g'ment/ v [I; T] fml to (cause to) become
bigger, more valuable, better etc【正式】（使）增大，（使）增长；
(使)增值： He augments his income by teaching in the
evenings.他晚上去教书以增加收入。一 ~ation /ogmen`tefen;
o:gmen'teifan/ n [C;U]
au grat·in /au `grotn; au 'graetaen/ adj [after n 用于名词后] Fr
cooked or baked with a covering of cheese or small pieces of
bread mixed with butter【法】〔用干酪或混合着黄油的面包屑烹
制或烤制的食品)带脆皮的：potatoes au gratin 脆皮马铃薯
au·gur /`oge; 'o:ge/v 1 [T] lit to be a sign of (something) in
the future【文】预卜，预示，预言 2 [I] augur well/ill (for) to be
a sign of good/bad things in the future 主吉[凶]，是好[坏]的兆
头； This rain augurs well for this year's harvest. 这场雨是今
年农业丰收的吉兆。
au·gu·ry /`ogjeri; 'o:gjri/ n1 [C] a sign of coming events预
兆，征兆，前兆2 [U] the art of telling the future as practised by
the ancient Romans 〔古罗马人的)预卜吉凶术，占卜术
au·gust /o`gast; o:'gvst/ adj lit noble and grand 【文】庄严而又
雄伟的，威严的；高贵的： an august gathering 庄严的集会 -
~ly adv
Au·gust /`ogest; 'o:gest/ (written abbrev.缩写为 Aug.) n [C; U]
the eighth month of the year, between July and September.
When people think of August, they typically think of summer
holidays, no school for children, hot weather, and long days
八月〔人们想到八月就会联想起暑假，孩童不用上学，高温天气以
及漫长的白昼)： It happened on August the fifteenth/the fif-
teenth of August/(AmE 美) on August fifteenth. 这事发生在8
月15日。| This office opened in August 1991.这个机构于
1991年8月开始办公。| She started work here last August
the August before last. 她去年[前年] 8月开始到这里工作，
August Bank Hol·i·day /.· · ·/ also 又作 Late Summer
Holiday n(in Britain) an official public holiday on the last
Monday in August. Many people travel by car to the coast.
causing traffic problems in many places.八月银行假日〔英国
一个法定的公众假日，为8月的最后一个星期一，许多人驾车去海
滨游览，从而造成多处交通阻塞
Au·gus.tine, St1 ogestin; o:'gvstn/ also 又作 St Augustine
of Hippo (354-430 AD) a North African Christian leader,
PHILOSOPHER, and writer whose books, such as his Confes-
sions and The City of God, strongly influenced the develop-
ment of Christianity 奥古斯丁〔（公元354-430），北非基督教领
袖、思想家、作家。他的著作《忏悔录》、《论上帝之城》等对基督教
的发展有很大的影响〕
Augustine, St2 also 又作 St Augustine of Canterbury(?-605
AD)an Italian priest who was sent to England by Pope Gre-
gory I to teach the people about Christianity. He became the
first ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.奥古斯丁〔（公元 ？-605），
意大利基督教牧师，奉教皇格列高利一世派遣去英格兰传教，成为
首任坎特伯雷大主教〕
auk /ok; o:k/ n a northern SEABIRD with short wings 海雀〔一种
短翅海鸟，生长于北方
au lait /o `l8; eu 'lei/ adj Fr with milk【法】加牛奶的： café au
lait 牛奶咖啡
Auld Lang Syne /old laen`sain: euld laen 'zain/ an old Scot-
tish song that is traditionally sung in the UK and the US at
MIDNIGHT on New Year's Eve (=31 December), to celebrate
the start of the new year. The first line of the song is: Should
auld (=old) acauaintance be forgot.《友谊地久天长》〔一首苏
格兰老歌。在英美两国，人们习惯在除夕夜哼唱这首歌曲来庆祝新
年。歌词的首句是：旧日朋友怎能相忘)- see Cultural Note at
参见NEW YEAR 文化注释
Aung San Suu Kyi /aun san su`tfi; aun saen su: 'tfi:
(1945-)the leader of the National League for Democracy in
Myanmar(Burma), who was under HOUSE ARREST (=not al
lowed to leave her home) for most of the time between 1988
and 1995. Her party won the elections in 1990， but the country's
military leaders remained in power. She was given the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1991.昂山素季〔(1945-)，缅甸国家民主联盟
领袖，1988年至1995年大部分时间被软禁在家。她的政党在
1990年的大选中获胜，但国家仍由军人执政。1991年获得诺贝尔
和平奖〕
*aunt /aent; a:nt/ also 又作 aunt·ie, aunt·y /`aenti; 'a:nti/ infml
【非正式】 - n (often cap.常用大写) 1 the sister of one's father
or mother, or the wife of one's uncle姑母：姨母：婶母：伯母：舅
母： Take me swimming, Auntie (Jane).(简)姨，带我去游泳。
My sister had a baby last week, so I'm now an aunt.我的姐姐
上个星期生了个孩子，所以我现在是阿姨了。2 BrE a woman who
is a friend or neighbour of a small child or its parents【英】阿
姨，大妈，大娘〔小孩子对邻居或父母朋友中的成年女性的称呼〕-
see 参见 FATHER (USAGE), UNCLE (USAGE); see 参见 LAN
GUAGE NOTE: Addressing People
Aunt.ie /`aenti; 'a:nti/ a name for the BBC, used humorously to
suggest that it is not very exciting or that it treats people who
receive its programmes as children to be educated and protected
“大婶”〔指英国广播公司，幽默地暗示其节目平淡，把听众视为需
要接受教育和保护的孩童
Aunt Je·mi·ma /aent d3e`maime; 'a:nt d3'maime/ trademark
a popular type of PANCAKE, SYRUP and other products sold in
the US【商标】杰迈玛大婶食品〔一种在美国出售的煎饼、糖浆等食
品，广受欢迎
Aunt Sally / '·/ n BrE a person, organization, custom etc
that many people criticize or blame.especially something that
0091
is very easy to criticize (from an old game called Aunt Sally in
which people throw sticks or balls at a wooden head of a
woman)【英】众矢之的〔易受人批评，责备的对象，源出一个名叫
“萨利大婶”的传统游戏，游戏者用木棒或球投掷一个木制的妇女
头像〕
au pair /，o`per; eu 'pee/ also 又作 au pair girl /· '/ - n a
young foreign woman who lives with a family, usually in or-
der to learn their language, in return for doing light work in
the house or looking after children. In Britain, au pairs are of-
ten thought of as sexy and attractive, especially if they come
from Scandinavia or France,做换工的姑娘〔为学习当地的语言
而和一个家庭同住并帮助做些轻家务或照看孩子的年轻外国女子
或女留学生。在英国，人们印象中做换工的姑娘一般性感迷人，尤
其是来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛或法国的姑娘〕
au·ra /`ore; 'o:re/ n an effect or feeling that seems to surround
and come from a person or place〔人或地方的〕气氛，气息，韵
味： an aura of decay/mystery in the empty village 笼罩着这个
荒无人烟村落的一种腐朽[神秘]的气氛
au-ral /orel; 'o:rel/ adj tech of or related to the sense of hearing
【术语】听觉的； aural skills 听力技巧 - ~ly ady
□USAGE 用法说明 In language teaching, aural is some
times pronounced /`aurel; 'aurel/ to show the difference
from oral /`orel; 'o:rel/, especially in making the distinc-
tion oral/aural.在语言教学中， aural 有时发/`aurel; 'aurel/
之音，以示跟oral/`orel;'o:rel/发音有所不同，特别是在区
分 oral/aural （说/听）的时候。- see also 另见 ORAL
(USAGE)
Aurangzeb, Aurungzeb /`orenzb; 'o:renzeb/(1618-1707) the
last Mogul EMPEROR of N India奥朗则布〔(1618-1707)，印度
北部莫卧儿王朝的末代皇帝〕
au.reole /`ori ol; 'o:rieul/ n a bright circle of light; HALO光
环，光轮；光晕
au re.voir /ore`vwar;eu re'vwa:'/ interj Fr till we meet again
goodbye. People sometimes use this expression to someone
they love when goodbye seems too final, or as a joke when
pretending to know French.【法】再见，再会〔人们有时觉得对所
爱的人说再见太决绝了，或者开玩笑时显得自己懂一点法语，便使
用这种表达方式)：“Goodbye, darling.”“No, not goodbye, au
revoir.”“再见,亲爱的。”“不,不要说再见, au revoin。”|Goodbye
then, or au revoir as the French say. 那再见了，或者像法国人
说的 au revoir。
au·ri-cle /`orikl; 'o:rikal/ n tech【术语】1 the outside part of the
ear 外耳，耳廓 2 either of the two spaces in the top of the heart;
ATRIUM〔心脏的〕心房，心耳
au.ric.u.lar /o`rikjele; o:'rikjle/ adj tech of or concerning the
ear【术语】耳的
au·ro.ra /o`rore; e'ro:re/ n -ras or -rae /-ri; -ri:/ bands or arches
of coloured light in the night sky seen either in the most north-
ern parts of the world (aurora borealis or northern lights) or
in the most southern parts (aurora australis or southern lights)
极光<如南极光和北极光>
Aurora 1 in Roman MYTHOLOGY, the goddess of the DAWN (=the
beginning of the day when light first appears). In Greek my-
thology her name is EOS.奥罗拉〔罗马神话中的曙光女神，希腊
神话中称厄俄斯)2 the princess in the story SLEEPING BEAUTY
奥罗拉〔故事《睡美人》中的公主〕
Ausch-witz /'aufwits; 'aufwits/ the largest and most famous
Nazi CONCENTRATION CAMP in World War II, which was in
Poland. Qver a million people, mostly Jews, died in this camp,
and when people hear the name Auschwitz they think of the
extreme cruelty and sadness that people suffered there.奥斯威
辛集中营〔位于波兰，第二次世界大战中最大、最著名的纳粹集中
营，一百多万人死于该地，其中大部分是犹太人。当人们听到奥斯
威辛这个名字时就会联想起被关押者极端悲惨的遭遇
aus.cul·ta.tion /oskel`tefen;o:skal'teifan/ n [U] tech the act
of listening to the sounds coming from the organs inside the
body as a method of discovering their health【术语】听诊
aus.pic.es /ospisiz; 'o:spsz/ n [P] fml help, support, and favour
【正式】资助，赞助，支持，主办：This conference has been ar
ranged under the auspices of the United Nations.本会议由
联合国赞助召开
aus.pi.cious /o`spifes; o:'spifes/ adj fml giving, promising, or
showing signs of future success【正式】预示成功的，吉兆的，吉
祥的： an auspicious occasion 吉利的良辰 - opposite 反义词
inauspicious - ~ly ady: The year began auspiciously with
good trade figures for January. 一月的贸易额不错，今年一开
始就有好兆头
Aus·sie `osi; 'pzi/ n infml an Australian【非正式】澳大利亚[澳
洲]人 - Aussie adj: Aussie soap operas 澳洲人肥皂剧
Aus.ten ostin; 'ostn/, Jane (1775-1817) a British writer who
wrote novels about the way of life of English MIDDLE CLASS
people of her time, including PRIDE AND PREJUDICE, SENSE AND
SENSIBILITY, and Emma. She is known for the clever and amus-
ing way in which she describes people's social behaviour, and
her novels are regarded as being among the most important
works of English literature. Several of her books have been
made into successful films.奥斯汀〔(1775-1817)，英国作家。
她的小说描述当时英国中产阶级的生活方式，包括《傲慢与偏见》
《理智与情感》和《爱玛》。她以用机智、风趣的笔调描述人们的社
会行为而著称。她的小说跻身英国文学最重要的著作，其中有几部
已被改编成相当成功的电影〕
aus.tere /o`stir; o:'stie/ adj 1 plain and severe; without com-
fort or enjoyment 简朴的，艰苦的，苦修的；严肃的： The monks
led an austere life in the mountains.修道士在深山里过着苦修
生活。| an austere person/manner 严肃不苟的人[风格] 2 with-
out decoration; plain 朴实无华的： the austere grandeur of the
old cathedral 简朴庄严的古教堂 - ~ly ady
aus·ter.i.ty /o`steretr; o:'sterati/ n 1 [U] the quality of being
austere 严峻，艰苦，朴素，朴实 2 [C usually pl. 一般用复数] an
austere act or manner〔行为或风格的〕严峻，朴素，禁欲生活，苦
行： The group practises religious austerities, such as fasting
这群人实行宗教苦行，如斋戒等。3[U] a situation,especially
one resulting from an intentional government plan, in which
there is little money for spending on comfort and enjoyment
〔经济的〕紧缩，节约：a period of austerity 经济紧缩时期| a
package of austerity measures aimed at restoring the coun-
try's economic health 旨在恢复国家经济繁荣的一整套紧缩措施
Aus.tin'/ostin; 'Dstn/ trademark a former British car company
【商标】〔原英国的〕奥斯汀汽车公司
Austin2the capital city of the state of Texas in the US 奥丁
〔美国得克萨斯州首府〕
Austin Reed /，. '/ trademark a shop in central London and
some other UK cities that sells expensive, good-quality clothes
for men and women【商标】奥斯汀·里德服装店〔位于伦敦市中
心及其他一些英国城市内，出售昂贵的优质男女服饰〕
Aus.tra.la.sia /，ostrel`e3e;,ostre'lei3e/ the group of islands in
the southern Pacific Ocean, including Australia, New Zealand.
and Papua New Guinea 澳大拉西亚〔指南太平洋的一群岛屿，包
括澳大利亚、新西兰和巴布亚新几内亚〕
Aus.tra.la.sian /ostrel`e3en;,ostre'lei3an/ n someone who
comes from Australia, New Zealand, or the surrounding is-
lands 澳大拉西亚人 - Australasian adj
Australia 澳大利亚
Darwin 达尔文
NORTHERN
Cairns 凯恩斯
RRITORY
北区
Alice Springs
丽斯斯普林斯
QUEENSLAND
昆士兰
WESTERN
AUSTRALLIA
西澳大利亚
SOUTH
Brisbane
AUSTRALIA
布里斯班
南澳大利亚
NEW SOUTH
Perth
WALES新南
威尔士Sydney 悉尼
珀斯
Adelaide
阿德莱德
Canberra堪培拉
VICTORIA
。Melbourne墨尔本
维多利亚
TASMANIA
塔斯马尼亚
Hobart霍巴特
Aus.tra.li.a /o`streljo; D'streilie/ a large island between the In-
dian Ocean and the southern Pacific Ocean, which is both a
country and a CONTINENT (=one of the seven main areas of
land on the earth) and part of the PACIFIC RIM. Population:
18,600,000(1996). Capital: Canberra. Australia is a member
of the British COMMONWEALTH, and used to have close con-
nections with the UK because the families of many Austra-
lians originally came from Britain and Ireland. More recently,
many Australian citizens came from S Europe and E Asia. The
people who have lived in Australia since before Europeans
arrived there are called ABORIGINES.澳大利亚，澳洲〔位于印度
洋和南太平洋之间的大岛，它既是一个国家又是一块大陆，为太平
洋沿岸诸国之一。人口：18,600,000(1996)，首都：堪培拉。澳大
利亚是英联邦成员国。因为许多澳大利亚家庭最初来自于英国和
爱尔兰，所以它原先与英国关系密切。近年来，许多澳大利亚居民
0092
都是从南欧和东亚移民来的。在欧洲人来澳大利亚之前就在此居
住的居民被称为澳大利亚土著
Australia Day /./(in Australia) a national holiday on or
near 26 January each year in memory of the landing of the
British in 1788澳大利亚国庆节〔每年1月26日左右，纪念1788
年英国人登陆〕
Aus.tra.li.an /o`streljen; D'streilien/ n someone who comes from
Australia 澳大利亚人，澳洲人 - Australian adi; the Austra-
lian outback 澳洲内地 |Australian wine 澳大利亚葡萄酒
Australian Cap.i.tal Ter.ri.to.ry /....../ an area in SE
Australia that includes the capital city Canberra and Jervis Bay
澳大利亚首都直辖区〔澳大利亚东南部地区，包括首都堪培拉和杰
维斯湾〕
Australian Rules foot.ball /，...'./ n [U] a game played
between two teams of 18 players on an OVAL field with ar
oval ball which is passed by kicking or striking with the hand,
the object being to get points by putting the ball between a set
of four posts which are placed at either end of the field 澳大利
亚规则足球，澳式足球〔一种足球运动，参赛双方各18名队员，比
赛场地为椭圆形，球亦为椭圆形，以踢或用拳击球来传递，目标是
让球通过分设于场地两端的4根球门柱而得分)
Aus.tri.a /ostrie; 'ostrie/ a country in central Europe, southeast
of Germany and northwest of Hungary. Population: 8,000,000
(1995).Capital:Vienna.奥地利〔欧洲中部国家，位于德国东南
面、匈牙利西北面。人口：8,000,000(1995)，首都：维也纳)
Aus.tri.an /ostrien; 'ostrion/ n someone who comes from Aus-
tria 奥地利人 - Austrian adj: the Austrian Alps 奥地利境内
的阿尔卑斯山脉
Austro-- see 参 WORD FORMATION
au·tar.chy /`otarki; 'o:ta:ki/ n [U] government of a country by
one person with unlimited power 个人专制，独裁
au·tar-ky,-chy /`otarki; 'o:ta:ki/ n 1 [U] the production by ：
country of everything that it needs 自给自足 2 [C] a country
that practises this system 实行自给自足政策的国家
au.then.tic /o`0antk; o:'0entik/ adj 1 known to have been made
painted, written etc by the person who is claimed to have done
it; GENUINE 真迹的，原作的，真的； Is that an authentic Roman
statue, or a modern copy?那是罗马雕塑的原作还是现代的复
制品？2 true and deserving to be believed or trusted; depen-
dable 真实可信的，可靠的，确实的； an authentic testimony
份可靠的证词 -- ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
au.then tic.ate /o`0nti ket; o:'0entikeit/ v [T] to prove
(something) to be true or authentic 证明〔某物)是真的，鉴定.
之真实性： This painting has been authenticated as a Rembrandt
这幅画已经鉴定是伦勃朗的真迹。--ation /50enti`kefen;
5:,0enti'kei[an/ n[U]
au·then.tic.i.ty /o0en`tiseti;5:0en'tisti/ n [U] the quality of
being true or authentic 真实性，确实性，可靠性： The results of
these chemical tests have cast doubt on the authenticity of
this painting. (=shown that it may not be authentic)化学鉴定
的结果使人对这幅油画是否是真正的原作产生了怀疑
au·thor' /`50： 'o:0a/ au·thor·ess /`o0aus: 'o:0ars/ fem,rare
【阴性，罕】- n 1 the writer of a book, newspaper article, play.
poem etc 作者，著作人： a prolific author 一个多产的作家 2 the
person who creates or begins something, especially an idea or
plan 创造者，创始者： the chief author of the government's youth
training programme 政府青年培训计划的发起人
author2v [T] especially AmE to produce or begin (something);
be the AUTHOR(2) of 【尤美】创始，发起： The senator authored
the bill to help the unemployed. 这位参议员提出了帮助失业者
的议案
author itar ian /e ore`terien; o: 0or'tearian/ adj believing
or demanding that rules and laws must always be obeyed
whether or not they are right 独裁主义的，信奉权力主义的：an
authoritarian style of government 专断的施政作风 - authori-
tarian n: He's a strict authoritarian,他是个绝对的权力主义
者。- ~ism n[U]
au.thor.i.ta.tive /e`ore tetiv; o:'0rtetiv/ adj 1 having or
showing authority; demanding or deserving respect and obe-
dience 权威的，官方的，当局的，专断的，威严的；an authorita
tve manner/tone威严的态度;权威的语气 2 generally regarded
as providing knowledge or information that can be trusted权
威性的，可信的，可靠的：an authoritative dictionary 权威性的
词典 - compare 比较 DEFINITIVE(2) - ~ly adv
au.thor.ity /e`0oreti; o:'0rati/ n 1 [U] (a position that gives
someone) the ability, power, or right to control and command
权力，权威，威信：Who is in authority here?谁是这儿的当权
者？ | He enjoys exercising his authority over his staff. 他喜
欢对自己的职员指手画脚，施展权势。|She thinks that young
people have no respect for authority.她认为年轻人不尊重权
威。} [+to-v] He doesn't have the necessary authority to make
this sort of decision.他不具备作出这种决定的权力。2 [C of
ten pl.常用复数] a person or group with this power or right.
especially in public affairs 当权者：官方，当局，公共事业机关
The government is the highest authority in the country.政府
是国家的最高权力机构。| the local education/water author
ity 当地的教育局[水务局] | The authorities in Spain have re
fused to allow him to enter the country. 西班牙当局拒绝他入
境。] to approach the proper authorities for permission 向有
关当局申请批准- see also另见 LOCAL AUTHORITY 3 [C usu-
ally sing. 一般用单数] a paper giving this power or right 授权
证明，凭证，根据：May I see your authority?我可以看看你的证
明文件吗？4[U] power to influence 权势，影响力，势力；Al-
though she has no official position in the party, her opinions
carry a lot of authority.虽然她在党内没有正式职位，但她的意
见却有很大的影响力。5 [C (on)] a person, book etc whose
knowledge or information is dependable, good, and respected
权威者，大师，泰斗；有权威之著作：He is a leading authority
on plant diseases.他在植物病虫害方面是最高权威
au·thor.i·za.tion also 又作-isation BrE【英】/，o0ere`zefen:
5:0erai'zeifan/ n [C; U] (a paper giving) right or official power
to do something 授权（书），许可 （证） ： I can't spend this money
without authorization from Head Office.没有总部的授权，我
不能花这笔钱。| [+to-v] Do you have the owner's authoriza-
tion to drive this car?你驾驶这辆汽车得到车主的许可没有？
au·thor-ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`o0e,raiz; 'o:0eraiz/ ν[T]
to give formal permission to or for 授权，批准，许可，委任：Who
authorized the payment of this bill?谁批准支付这张账单的？
[+obj+to-v] I've been authorized (by the court) to repossess
this property.我得到（法庭）认可重新占有这笔财产。
authorized cap.i·tal /，..'./n [U] tech the largest amount of
money a company is allowed to raise by selling SHARES'(2) to
the general public【术语】法定股本，额定股本〔公司获准发行的
最高股份金额
Authorized Ver·sion, the /，·'·/ especially BrE【尤英】‖
also 又作 King James Version - the English translation of
the Bible made in England in 1611， when James the First was
king 钦定本英文圣经〔英王詹姆斯一世于1611年钦定出版的英
译圣经〕
au·thor-ship /`0fip; '5：0efip/ n [U] 1 the name of the per
son who wrote a book, play, poem etc; IDENTITY of the AUTHOR
〔书、剧本、诗歌等的〕原作者；作者身份：a book of unknown
authorship 原作者姓名不详的一本书 2 the profession of writ-
ing books 写作的职业
au·tis.m /`otizem; 'o:tizam/ n [U] an illness of the mind, espe-
cially in children, in which the imagination becomes too im-
portant and good personal relationships cannot be formed孤
独症，自闭症〔尤指儿童因幻想过度而无法与人建立正常的人际关
系〕
au.tis.tic /o`tistik; o:'tistik/ adj suffering from autism(患)孤
独[自闭]症的：autistic children 患有孤独症的儿童 - ~ally
/-kli;-kli/ adv
au·to /`oto 'o:teu/ n -tos especially AmE a car【尤美】汽车
second-hand autos 用过的旧汽车，二手车 | the auto industry
汽车工业
auto-- see参见 WORD FORMATION
au·to·bi·og·ra·phy /otebar`agrefi;,o:tebai'ogrefi/1 [C] an
account of a person's life written by that person 自传 2 [U]
this branch of literature 自传体文学 - compare 比较 BIOGRA-
PHY --phical /，otebaie`graefikl;o:tebaie'graefikel/ --phi
adj --phically /-kli;-kli/ adv
au.toc.ra.cy /o`takresi; o:'tkresi/ n 1 [U] government by one
person with unlimited power 专制政治，独裁政体 2 [C] a
country, group etc ruled in this way 实行专制独裁的国家[集团
等]
au-to.crat /ote kraet; 'o:tekraet/ n 1 a ruler with unlimited power
独裁统治者 2 a person who gives orders to others without con-
sidering their wishes 独断专行的人 - ~ic /ote`kraetik;,o:te-
'kraetik/ adj - ~ically /-kli; -kli/ adv
au·to.cross otokros; 'o:teukrps/ n [U] BrE the sport of racing
motor cars around open fields or country rather than on roads
【英】汽车越野赛
au.to.cue /`otokiu: 'o:teukiu:/n a machine similar to a
TELEPROMPTER〔电视的〕自动提示器，电子提词机
au.to.graph'/`ote graef; 'o:tegra:f/ n a person's name in their
own writing (SIGNATURE), especially the signature of some
one famous. Some people, especially children, collect the au-
tographs of famous people.〔尤指名人的〕亲笔签名〔有些人，尤
其是小孩，喜欢收集名人的亲笔签名)：The little boys asked the
footballer for his autograph.那些小男孩请求这位足球明星给
0093
他们签名
autograph2v [T] (especially of a famous person) to sign (a
letter, statement, book etc) with one's own name to show that
one has written it 〔尤指名人)在··上亲笔签名： an autographed
copy of a book 有作者亲笔签名的书
au.to.harp /oto harp; 'o:teuha:p/ n a musical instrument played
by pressing a button for a combination of notes(CHORD) and
then passing one's fingers over the strings自动竖琴
au·to·im·mune dis·ease /otomjun di`ziz;5:teuimju:n di'zi:z
n an illness or unhealthy condition in which substances which
usually fight against illness are produced by the body and dam-
age or destroy one or more of its own substances 自身免疫力病
〔一种病症或身体不健康的状况，是原本由身体产生用于对抗疾病
的物质，反过来损害或破坏身体本身〕
au·to·mat /`ote maet; 'o:temaet/ n trademark a type of Ameri
can restaurant where food can be obtained from machines into
which coins are dropped. Automats were popular in the 1950s
and 60s but are now rare.【商标】自助餐馆〔用自动售货机卖食
物的一种美国快餐店。20世纪50、60年代这种快餐店非常普遍
现在已经很少见了〕
au·to·mate /`ote met; 'o:temeit/ y [I; T] to make (a business or
industrial process) work by machinery with little or no work
by people(使)自动化： a fully automated production line 全自
动生产线
au·to·mat·ic1/ote`maetik;5:te'maetik/adj1 (especially of a
machine) able to work or move by itself without operation by
a person(尤指机器)自动（化）的：This heating system has an
automatic temperature control.这个暖气系统有自动化的温度
调节控制。| an automatic pistol/rifle (=able to fire continu-
ously because the bullets are loaded automatically)自动手枪
步枪] 2 done without conscious thought, especially as a habit
〔习惯性地〕不假思索的，无意识的，不自觉的，机械式的：The
movements needed to ride a bicycle soon become automatic.
骑自行车的动作很快就变成机械式的行动。」 an automatic re-
sponse 不假思索的回答 3 certain to happen 必然发生的：an
automatic increase in pay every year 每年自然增长的薪金 —
~ally /-kli;-kli/ adv
automatic2n a machine or apparatus, such as a car or a gun.
that operates automatically能自动运转的机器或器械<如汽车
手枪>
automatic ner·vous sys·tem /.·.·./ n med the part of the
nervous system which controls those parts of the body which
do not require conscious effort, such as the DIGESTION, the
CIRCULATION, and the production of HORMONEs【医】自主神经
系统：植物性神经系统〔支配体内无需意志控制部分的神经系统，
如消化、血液循环及荷尔蒙的产生等〕
automatic pi·lot /，· '·/ also 又作 autopilot - n an instru
ment that guides aircraft, spacecraft, ships etc, without need-
ing human operation〔航空、航海用的)自动驾驶仪：(fig.喻)
She's absolutely exhausted; she's just working on automatic
pilot.她确实筋疲力尽了，只是机械式地干着活
Automatic Tel·ler Ma·chine /.·.·/ also 又作 ATM
AmE for【美】= CASH DISPENSER
automatic trans·mis·sion /.·.'·/ n [U] a system which
operates the GEARS of a car automatically, so that the driver
does not need to move them by hand. Most cars in the US have
automatic transmission but it is still rare in Britain,自动变速
器〔美国的多数汽车都有这种装置，但在英国仍很少见)：My car
has automatic transmission.我的汽车装有自动变速器。
au·to·ma·tion /ote`mefen;,o:te'meifan/ n [U] the use of ma
chines that need little or no human control, especially in place
of workers(以自动化机器取代人工劳动的〕自动化（操作）：re
dundancies owing to increased automation 由于生产自动化
的增长而产生的人员过剩
au·tom·a.ton /o`tame.tan: o:'tpmeten/n -ta /-te;-te/ or -tons
1 a machine that moves or works by itself, especially a ROBOT
自动操作装置，机器人 2 derog a person who acts without
thought or feeling, like a machine【贬】不动脑筋只会机械般行
动的人
au·to·mo.bile /`oteme bil; 'o:temebi:l/ n fml, especially AmE
a car【正式，尤美】汽车：the automobile industry 汽车工业
au·ton.o.mous /o`tanemes; o:'tonemes/ adj having autonomy
自治的，有自治权的： an autonomous region 自治区 - ~ly adv
au·ton·o·my /o`tanemi; o:'tpnemi/ n [U] the right of self-gov-
ernment or management of one's own affairs, especially of a
state or group within a country自治，自治权： a political sys
tem that allows a high degree of local autonomy 允许地方有
高度自治权的政治体制
au·to·pi·lot /`oto,pailet; '5：teu,pailet/ n - see 参见 AUTOMATIC
PILOT
au·top·sy /`otapsi: 'o:tppsi/ n a POSTMORTEM 尸体解剖，验尸
to carry out an autopsy on the victim 给受害者验尸
au·to·sug·ges·tion /otose`d3estfen;o:teuse'd3estfan/n[U]
the influencing of one's feelings about things, physical condi-
tion etc by suggestion coming from within oneself rather than
from another person or from the outside world自我暗示： Many
forms of relaxation use techniques of autosuggestion. 消除紧
张有多种形式，其中不少都采用自我暗示法。- -tive adj
au·to·work·er /`oto.w3ke; 'o:teu,w3:ke/ n AmE someone
whose job is to make cars 【美】汽车工人
*au·tumn /`otem;'o;tem/ also 又作 fall AmE【美】 - n [C; U] the
season between summer and winter, when leaves change colour
and fruits become ripe 秋季： I go on holiday in the autumn.我
在秋季休假。| a cold autumn 一个凉意袭人的秋天 | last au
tumn 去年秋天 | autumn colours (=brown, orange, gold etc)
秋天的色调<即褐、橘黄、金黄等色>
au·tum·nal /o`tvmnl; o:'tvmnel/ adj of, like, or in autumn 秋季
的；（似）秋天的 - ~ly adv
autumn state.ment/../n an official printed statement pro
duced for parliament by the British Government every year.
usually in November, about the future of the ECONOMY and
the Government's spending plans for the next three years 国情
咨文，秋季报告书〔英国政府每年，通常于11月份，向议会递交的
一份正式报告，内容是关于未来的经济计划和政府在以后3年的开
支预算〕
aux·il·ia.ry'/og`ziljeri; o:g'ziljeri/ adj providing (additional)
help or support, especially with lower rank or of less impor-
tance 辅助的，补充的；备用的：auxiliary nursing staff辅助的护
理人员」an auxiliary petrol tank 备用的汽油箱
auxiliary2n 1 fml or tech a helper; ASSISTANT【正式或术语】辅
助者，助手 2 [usually pl. 一般用复数] a member of a group of
foreign soldiers in the service of a country at war 外国支援军，
外籍军 3 an auxiliary verb 助动词
auxiliary verb /../ n tech a verb that is used with another
verb to show differences such as tense, person, and VOICE1(4)
In English the auxiliary verbs are be, do, and have (as in I am
running, I didn't go, they have gone ) and all the MODALs.【术
语】助动词〔与另一个动词连用表示动词时态、人称及语态的一种
动词，在英语中为 be,do,have,以及所有情态动词〕
av written abbrev. for 缩写=average
a·vail' /e`vel; e'veil/ n [U] good result; advantage; use 效用，用
途，好处，利益：We tried and tried, but it was all to no avail
我们试了又试，但是毫无效果
avail2ν 1 [I usually in questions and negatives 一般用于疑问
句和否定句] lit to be of use or advantage 【文】有用于；有益于：
有助于： It avails nothing to cry.哭没有用处。2 [I] avail one.
self of to make good or profitable use of 利用： I availed myself
of this opportunity to improve my English. 我利用这个机会提
高自己的英语水平
a·vai·la·ble /e`velebl; e'veilebal/ adj [(to)] able to be had
obtained, used, seen etc 可获得的；可用的；可看见的： I'm sorry
sir, those shoes are not available in your size,我很抱歉，先
生，这双鞋子你要的尺码没有。| Every available ambulance
was rushed to the scene of the accident.所有能找得到的救护
车都向出事现场急速驶去。| Details of the competition are
available from our head office. 比赛的详细说明可以从我们的
总办事处那里得到。| Is the new timetable available yet?新的
时刻表现在有吗？ | We want to make our products available
to a wider market.我们想使我们的产品在更广泛的市场中都买
得到。| We tried to find out the Senator's opinion on this
matter, but he was not available for comment.我们想了解这
位参议员对这件事情的看法，但找不到他对此发表意见。- oppo
site 反义词 unavailable - -bly adv - -bility /e,vele`bileti;
e,veile'bilati/ n [U]: limited availability 有限的供应；（货物）数
量有限（欲购从速）
av·a·lanche /aevl aentf; 'aevela:nf/ n a large mass of snow and
ice crashing down the side of a mountain 雪崩： He was swep
away in an avalanche. 他在一次雪崩中被卷走了。|(fig.喻)
We received an avalanche of inquiries.人们纷纷来电或来函
查询，我们实在应接不暇。
Av.a.lon, Avallon /aeve lan; 'aevelon/ according to old stories
about King ARTHUR, a holy island, which some people believe
is near Glastonbury in SW England, where Arthur was buried
阿瓦隆岛〔关于亚瑟王古老传说中的一个圣岛，为亚瑟王安息地，
有人认为是在英格兰西南部格拉斯顿伯里附近〕- see also另见
ARTHURIAN LEGEND
av·ant-garde /e.vant`grd;aevo:n'ga:d/ n [(the) S+sing./pl.
v] the writers, painters, musicians etc whose work is based on
the newest ideas and methods〔作家、画家、音乐家等中的〕先锋
派，前卫派； a member of the avant-garde 先锋派成员 - avant-
0094
garde adj: an avant-garde novelist 一个先锋派[前卫派] 小说
ay·a·rice /everis: 'evers/ n [U] fml extreme eagerness and
desire to get or keep wealth: GREED【正式】贪财，贪婪 - -ricious
/,aeve`rifes;,aeve'rifes/ adj--riciously adv
v.a.tar /eve`tar;eve'ta: / n 1 the appearance of a Hindu
god, especially Vishnu, in human or animal form〔印度教)神
的化身，神之下凡〔尤指印度教的毗湿奴神化身为人或动物〕：
Krishna was an avatar of the god Vishnu. 牧牛神讫里什那是
毗湿奴神的化身。2 a person who represents (an idea etc)
completely;EMBODIMENT〔思想等的〕具体化，具体表现
Ave written abbrey. for 缩写= AVENUE (1)： 109 Lexington Ave
列克星敦大街109号
Ave·bu.ry /evberi; 'ervbari/ a village in Wiltshire, in southerr
England, where there is a group of ancient STANDING STONES
埃夫伯里〔位于英格兰南部威尔特郡的一个村庄，那里有一群列
石〕
a·venge /e`vEnd3; e'vend3/ v [T] especially lit【尤文】1 to get
satisfaction for (something bad done to oneself, one's family
etc) by punishing the person who did it 为·复仇，报··之仇，
为··雪耻： They avenged his death by burning the village.他
们烧毁村子，为他的死复仇。2 [(on)] to punish someone for
something bad done to (oneself, one's family etc)为··报复
(某人)： He swore to avenge his brother.他发誓要为他的兄弟
报仇。| They avenged themselves on their enemy. 他们向敌人
报复。- compare 比较 VENGEANCE - avenger n
A.ven.gers, The /e`vend3az; e'vend3ez/ a British televisior
programme from the 1960s, whose two main characters are an
Englishman from a high social class called John Steed and an
attractive woman called Emma Peel, who fight criminals and
ry to stop crime. Steed is known for always being very well-
dressed, with a BOWLER hat and UMBRELLA, while Mrs Peel is
known for wearing tight leather clothes and boots.《复仇者》
(20世纪60年代播出的英国电视节目，两位主人公分别是来自英
国上流社会的约翰·斯蒂德和漂亮的爱玛·皮尔，他们与罪犯作斗
争，试图阻止犯罪。斯蒂德衣着考究，头戴圆顶黑色礼帽，手持雨
伞，皮尔夫人则穿着紧身皮装和皮靴
av·e·nue /`aeve,nju; 'aevnju:/n [C] 1 (written abbrev.缩写为
Ave.) a broad street in a town, sometimes having trees on each
side 〔城市的〕大街，林阴道： Fifth Avenue 第五大街 2 a road or
way between two rows of trees, especially one that leads to a
house(尤指通向房子的)两旁有树的小路 3 a means of reach
ing a desired result 方法，途径： They explored every avenue
(=tried every method) but could not find a solution,他们探索
过各种途径，但是没有找到解决的办法
a·ver /e`v3; e'v3:/v-rr- [T+obj/that] fml to state forcefully
declare【正式】断言，宣告，声明
*ave·rage/aevorid3: 'aevarid3/ n1 [C] the amount calculated
by adding together several quantities and then dividing by the
number of quantities 平均数： The average of 3， 8， and 10 is 7
3、8、10(三个数)的平均数是7。| Wages for industrial work
ers have increased by an average of7.5%,产业工人工资的平
均增长率为7.5%。2 [C;U] a level or standard regarded as usual
or ordinary 平均水平，一般标准： His school work is well above
below average.他的学习成绩在平均水平以上[以下]。|We
receive 20 letters a day on average.我们平均每天接到 20 封
来信。| a higher than average attendance 到会人数超过平均
标准
*average2 adj1 [A no comp.无比较级] calculated by making
an average of a number of quantities_平均数的： What is the
average rainfall for July?七月份的平均降雨量是多少？」Ay-
erage earnings in the country are about $500 a month.这个
国家的平均月薪约为500美元。2 of the usual or ordinary kind
平常的，普通的： There was nothing special about the film
it was only average. 这部影片没有什么特别之处 -—- 不过是
般的片子。| the average man in the street 普通人；平民百姓
of average height/intelligence 中等身材的；智力一般的
average3ν1 [L] to be as an average 平均（是） ： Our mail ave
rages 20 letters a day.我们的邮件平均是每天 20封信。 2 [T
no pass.无被动语态] to do, get, or have as an average or usual
quantity 平均做 [得到]： I average eight hours' work a day. 我
平均每天工作8小时。3 [T (out)] to calculate the average of
(figures)算出··的平均数
average out phr v [I (at, to)] infml to come to an average or
rdinary level or standard, especially after being higher or lower
【非正式】达到平均量，（最后）达到平衡：Months of high and low
sales average out over the year.一年中销售额高的月份和低的
月份大致相等。| The weekly profits averaged out at 20%. 每
周的利润平均达到20%
a·verse /e`v3s; e'v3:s/ adj [F+to] fml or humor not liking:
opposed【正式或幽】不喜欢的，讨厌的，反对的：I don't smoke
cigarettes.but I'm not averse to (having)the occasional cigar
我不吸香烟，但我不反对偶尔抽一支雪茄
a.ver.sion /e`v33en; e'v3: fan/n 1 [S; U (to)] a feeling of strong
dislike or unwillingness 厌恶，讨厌，反感： She has an aversion to
cats/to doing the housework.她讨厌猫[做家务]。2 [C] a per-
son or thing that causes this feeling 讨厌的人[东西]： House-
work is my pet aversion.我最讨厌做家务。
aversion ther.a·py /'·，·/ n [U] the treatment of a bad habit
or behaviour pattern (e.g. ALCOHOLISM) by its association with
unpleasant sensations 厌恶疗法〔医生利用引起病人感官上不愉
快的事物来治疗某种不良习惯和嗜好，如酗酒〕
a.vert /e`v3t; e'v3:t/ v [T] 1 to prevent (something unpleasant)
from happening 防止，避免： An accident was averted by his quick
thinking.由于他思路敏捷,避免了一场事故的发生。2[(rom)]
fml to turn away (one's eyes, thoughts etc)【正式】转移〔目光、
思想等)： She averted her eyes/her gaze from the terrible sight.
她把目光从可怕的景象上移开
a.vi.a.ry /`evi,Eri; 'eivieri/ n a large cage or enclosed space for
keeping birds in 大鸟笼，鸟舍
a.vi.a.tion /evi`efen; ervi'eifan/ n [U] 1 the science or prac-
tice of flying in aircraft 航空，航空学，飞行术 2 the aircraft in.
dustry 航空工业
a.vi.a.tor /evi ete; 'ervieite/ n old use the pilot of an aircraft
【旧】飞机驾驶员，飞行员
av·id /`aevid; 'aevd/ adj [(for)] extremely eager or keen 渴望
的，热心的： an avid reader 废寝忘食的读者 」 avid for success
渴望成功 - ~ly ady - ~ity /e`videtr; e'vidti/n [U]
Av.ie.more /，aevi`mor; aevi'mo:/ a town in N Scotland, known
as a popular place for skiing (SKI) and other winter sports阿维
莫尔〔苏格兰北部一镇，是滑雪等冬季运动胜地〕
A.vis /`evis; 'eivs/ trademark an international car RENTAL
company【商标】阿维斯汽车租赁公司
av·o·ca·do /，ave`kado;,aeve'k:deu also又作 avocado pear
/..'/ - n-dos or-does a green or purple-black tropical
fruit with a large stone and smooth oily flesh, usually eaten as
the first part of a meal 鳄梨，牛油果〔绿色或紫黑色的热带梨状
水果，果核大，果肉油滑，常作为第一道菜)：avocado vinaigrette
加醋油沙司的鳄梨
av.o.ca.tion /，eve`kefen; aeve'keifan/ n fml something done
for pleasure; a HOBBY【正式】嗜好，业余爱好
a.void /e`void; e'void/ v [T] 1 to keep away from or keep out of
the way of, especially on purpose 回避，〔故意〕避开： I swerved
to the side of the road to avoid the other car. 我猛地一下转到
路边，以避开另一辆汽车。| To avoid the city centre, turn right
here.如果要避开市中心，请在这里向右拐弯。| These drugs are
very dangerous; I'd avoid them like the plague (=never go
near them) if I were you.这些毒品非常危险：我要是你，就像避
开瘟疫似的避开它。2 to prevent(something) from happening,
or stop oneself from doing (something)防止〔发生某事)，避免
(做某事) ： I swerved to the side of the road to avoid a collision
我（把驾驶盘一扭）让汽车向路边闪过去，防止了一起撞车事件。
Nuclear war is to be avoided at all costs.要不惜任何代价防
止核战争。| [+v-ing] He tried to avoid answering my
questions.他试图避而不答我的问题。- ~able adj
void·ance /e`voidns; e'voidans/ n [U] the act of avoiding回
避，避开，避免： avoidance of danger 避免危险 」 a scheme for
tax avoidance (=avoiding the payment of tax, but by legal
means)(采用合法形式的)逃税诀窍
av.oir.du.pois /，aeva-de`poiz;,aevede'poiz/ n [U] the system of
weights in which the standard measures are the OUNCE, POUND,
and TON 常衡〔以盎司、磅、吨为称量标准的衡制)：16 ounces
avoirdupois 16盎司(为1磅)的常衡制 -- compare比较 MET-
RIC SYSTEM; see 参见 TABLE 2
A.von' /`evn; 'eivan/ 1 a river in south central England that
flows through Stratford-upon-Avon 埃文河〔位于英格兰中南部，
流经埃文河畔斯特拉特福)2 a former county in southwest En-
gland 埃文郡〔以前的一个郡，位于英格兰西南部〕 - see also 另
见 BARD OF AVON
Avon2 /evan; 'eivon/ trademark a US company that sells prod-
ucts for the skin and hair. Avon representatives sell their prod
ucts by visiting people's houses and also now by using the
Internet. Many people remember an old Avon advertisement
in which a woman rings someone's doorbell and says 'Avon
calling!'【商标】雅芳公司〔美国一家专营护肤美发用品的公司，采
用营销员上门推销产品的方式，现在也通过互联网进行网上销售。
不少人还记得以前的那则广告，一位女士按着一户人家的门铃说
“雅芳来啰！”〕
A.von la.dy /evan ledi; 'ervon,leidi/ n a woman who sells
products made by Avon by calling at people's houses 雅芳小
0095
姐〔指上门推销雅芳产品的女士〕
a.vow /e`vau; e'vau/ v [T] fml to state openly; admit【正式】公
开声明，宣称，承认：The prisoner avowed his guilt. 这个囚犯
承认了自己的罪行。」 [+that] He avowed that he was guilty,
他承认他有罪。| Their avowed aim (=which they have openly
admitted) is to overthrow the government.他们公开声明，他
们的目的是推翻政府。-~aln[C;U]
a.vun.cu.lar /e`vankjele;e'vankjle/ adj of or like an uncle
especially by being kind and caring 叔伯[舅父]的；叔伯[舅父]
似的：his friendly avuncular manner 他那叔伯般的和气态度
~ly adv
AWACS /`ewaeks; 'erwaeks/ n 1 [U] abbrev. for 缩写=Airborne
Warning and Control System; a type of RADAR used by special
US military aircraft which makes it possible for them to find
out the position of enemy aircraft and the direction they are
travelling in when they are still very far away 机载警报和控制
系统〔指美国特种军用飞机所使用的一种雷达，能从很远的地方探
测出敌机方位及飞行方向)2[C] an aircraft that uses this sys-
tem空中预警飞机
a·wait /e`wet; e'weit/ v [T] 1 fml to wait for 【正式】等待： I am
awaiting their reply. 我在等待他们的答复。| She is in prison
awaiting trial. 她在监狱中听候审判。| along-awaited holi
day 期待已久的假期 2 to be ready for〔事件等)备妥以待（处理）
A warm welcome awaits you. 你将受到热烈的欢迎。- see 参
见 WAIT(USAGE)
*a·wake'/e`wek; e'weik/ adj [F] not asleep 醒着的： She lay
awake for hours thinking about him.她醒着躺在那儿好几个
钟头想念着他。」 The children gre still wide awake, (=not at
all sleepy) 孩子们还完全没有睡意呢。| (fig. 喻) The company
is awake to (=conscious of) these new developments.公司注
意到了这些新的发展
a.wake2vawoke /e`wok; e'weuk/ or awaked, awoken /e`woken:
e'weuken/ [I; T] 1 to (cause to) stop sleeping; wake （使）醒来，
唤醒： The noise awoke me. 响声吵醒了我。| I awoke to the
sound of birds chirruping. 我醒来时听到啁啾的鸟叫声。| He
awoke to find himself alone. (=when he awoke, he found he
was alone.)他一觉醒来发现只有自己一个人。2 [(to)] to (cause
to) become conscious or active 唤起；使醒悟；（使）意识到： His
letter awoke old memories. 他的信唤起了旧日的回忆。| They
awoke to the danger of the situation too late to do anything
about it.等他们意识到处境的危险时，已经来不及补救了。- see
参见WAKE(USAGE)
a·wak·en /e`weken;e'weiken/ v[I; T] to awake(使)醒，弄醒：
was awakened by their shouts. 我被他们的叫喊声吵醒。-- see
参见 WAKE(USAGE)
awaken sbdy. to sthg. phr v [T] to cause to understand or
become conscious of 使认识到，使意识到：We must awaken
people to the need to protect our environment. 我们必须使人
民认识到保护环境的必要性
a.wak.en·ing /e`wekenin; e'weikenin/ n 1 the act of waking
from sleep 醒，觉醒，醒悟：(fig.喻) a spiritual awakening心灵
的觉醒 2 rude awakening a sudden consciousness of an un-
pleasant or threatening situation 猛然觉醒〔意识到危险或不愉
快的事
a.ward1 /e`word; e'wo:d/ v [T (to)] to give, especially as the
result of an official decision〔尤指官方决定〕给予，授予，判给
The referee awarded a free kick. 裁判员裁定罚一个任意球。|
The judge awarded substantial damages to the victims of the
explosion.法官判给爆炸事故中受害的人大笔的赔偿费。|[+obj
i)+obild)l she's been awarded a scholarshin to study at
Oxford.她获得了去牛津大学念书的奖学金。
award2n something, especially a prize or money, given as the
result of an official decision 奖，奖赏，奖金，奖品；〔损害赔偿等
之)裁定额： an award of ￡5000 to those injured in the explo
sion 裁定给在爆炸（事故）中受伤的人5000英镑赔偿费⊥The
award for this year's best actress went to Meryl Streep.本年
度最佳女演员奖的得奖者是梅丽尔·斯特里普
a.ware /e`wer; e'wee/ adj 1 [F] having knowledge or under
standing 知道的，明白的，意识到的： [+of] He said that the gov-
ernment was acutely (=very) aware of the problem.他说政府
很清楚这个问题。| [+that/wh-] I'm well aware that this is a
risky investment/well aware how risky this investment is.我
很清楚这项投资要冒风险[要冒多大风险]。- opposite 反义词
unaware 2 [after ady 用于副词后] having knowledge or con-
sciousness of the stated type 有·认识[意识] 的： politically/
artistically aware_有政治意识的;有艺术感的 3 showin un
derstanding of oneself, one's surroundings, and other people:
SENSITIVE 懂事的，明智的；敏锐的： She's a very aware person
她是个明智的人。- ~ness n[U]
a.wash /e`waf; e'wof/ adj [F (with)] level with and washed
over by waves 与海潮齐平的；被潮水冲刷的： The river over
flowed until the streets were awash. 河水泛滥以致街道都被水
淹没了。|(fig.喻) The country is awash with oil. (=has a
large amount of it)这个国家石油蕴藏量很大，简直是浸泡在石
油里。
*a.way1 /e`we; e'wei/ adv 1 [(from)] from here or from there; to
or at another place 离开，向[在]另一方： Go away!走开！
They're away on holiday.他们出门度假去了。(compare 比较
They're out for lunch. 他们出去吃饭了。) | The ship moved
slowly away from the shore. 船慢慢地离开了岸边。| The po-
lice tried to keep people away from the accident.警察拦住路
人，不让人们靠近事故现场。2 [after n用于名词后] at a stated
distance in space or time 离··多远[多久]： He lives three miles
away. 他住在3英里以外的地方。| The exams are still six weeks
away.距离考试还有6周。3 into a safe or enclosed place放进：
I've put the milk away (in the fridge).我已把牛奶（在冰箱中）
放好。4 so as to be gone or used up 消失；用完： The sounds
died away. 声音消失了。| Their house was swept away in the
flood.他们的房子被洪水冲走了。| He gave all his money away.
他把钱都分发光了。| Don't throw this opportunity away. 不
要错过这次机会。| They danced the night away. (=danced all
night) 他们跳舞跳了（整整） 一夜。| He cut away the dead
branch.他把枯枝剪掉了。5 all the time; continuously 一直，继
续不断地： They worked away all day. 他们整天不停地工作。|
I heard him hammering away.我听到他不停地用锤子在敲打
东西。6 Away with! lit take away; remove【文】带走，移开
Away with him, guards! 警卫，把他带走！ - see also 另见 far
and away (FAR1), right away (RIGHT5) 7 get away (with you)!
infml, especially BrE You can't deceive me!; I don't believe
you! (used in answer to something the speaker thinks is im-
probable or untrue)【非正式，尤英】去你的！；算了吧，你！；我才
不信呢！〔表示不相信别人所说的话)：“I'm getting married.'
“Get away (with you)!”“我要结婚了。”“算了吧，你！”8 Get
away from it all infml to escape from the problems and wor-
ries of daily life, especially by taking a holiday 【非正式】抛开
这一切，丢下这一切〔尤指去度假)： You need to go away for a
while and get away from it all.你需要走开一阵子，不要去管这
些事情。
away2 adj [A] (of a sports match) played at the place, sports
field etc of one's opponent〔体育比赛)客场的，在对方场地进行
的： an away match 在客场进行的一场比赛 - opposite 反义词
home
Away in a Man.ger /./ a popular Christmas CAROL(=a
traditional religious song) and HYMN, sung especially by
children《马槽歌》〔一首流行的圣诞颂歌、赞美诗，尤为孩童所唱〕
awe1 /o; o:/ n [U] a feeling of respect mixed with fear and won-
der 敬畏，惊惧： The sight filled us with awe. 这景象使我们大
为惊叹。| He always stood in awe of his father.他一向对父亲
又敬又怕
awe2v present participle aweing [T (into)] fml to fill with awe
【正式】使敬畏，使畏惧：They were awed into silence by the
enormous ancient buildings.他们看到这些庞大的古代建筑敬
畏得说不出话来
awe-in.spir.ing /'.·/ adj causing feelings of awe 令人敬畏
的，威严的-~ly adv
awe·some /`osem; 'o:sam/ adj 1 expressing or causing feel-
ings of awe 令人敬畏的，令人惊惧的； an awesome account of
the terrors of war 一篇关于战争恐怖的令人畏惧的报道 | an
awesome achievement/task/responsibility令人敬佩的成就；令
人畏惧的任务；令人惊惧的责任 2 AmE infml very good
MARVELLOUS【美，非正式】很好的，了不起的
awe·struck o,strvk; 'o:strak/ also 又作 awe·strick·en /`o,striken;
o:striken/-adj filled with, made silent by, or showing awe
肃然起敬的，充满敬畏的；感到惊惧的：We sat in awestruck si-
lence after hearing the truth at last.听到了事实真相以后，我
们坐在那儿惊愕得说不出话来，
aw.ful /oful; 'o:fal/ adj1 very bad or unpleasant; terrible; shock-
ing 糟糕的，可怕的；惊人的：The pain was awful. 疼痛得厉害极
了。| What awful weather! 多么糟糕的天气！ | It must have
been awful for youlan awful dilemma for you. 那一定使你很
惨 [使你非常为难]。| It was awful to see him in such pain. 看
到他这样痛苦真是叫人难过。| an awful thing to say 一句很难
听的话 ⊥It would be awful if they found out.如果他们知道了
真相，那就糟了。2 [A] infml (used to add force) very great【非
正式】〔用于加强语气〕非常的，很大的：I've got an awful lot of
work to do. 我有一大堆工作要做。| He made an awful fus:
about me being late. 他拿我迟到这件事大做文章。3 lit or old
use awe-inspiring 【文或旧】令人敬畏的 -- ~ness n [U]
aw·ful·ly /`ofuli; 'o:fali/ adv infml very【非正式】非常： awfully
cold 非常冷 」 awfully nice 非常好
0096
a.while /e`hwail; e'wail/ adv especially lit for a short time 【尤
文】暂时，片刻： We rested awhile at the side of the road. 我们
在路边休息了片刻
awk·ward /`okwad; 'o:kwed/ adj 1 lacking skill in moving
(parts of) the body easily; CLUMSY 笨拙的，不灵活的： an awk-
ward movement 一个笨拙的动作 | He's rather awkward with
his hands.他的手很不灵巧。2 difficult to use or handle 难用
的，不便操作的： It's rather an awkward shape. 这东西的形状
很别扭。| I had to bang in the nail at a rather awkward angle.
我只好歪着把钉子打进去。| [+to-y] It's an awkward machine
to use.这是一部使用起来很不方便的机器。3 causing difficulty
or uncomfortable feelings; inconvenient or embarrassing
(EMBARRASS)尴尬的，为难的，麻烦的；棘手的：Our visitors
came at an awkward time. 我们的客人来得真不是时候。| [+to·
y] It was an awkward time to call. 这个时间打电话是不合适
的。| a long awkward silence 一阵长时间令人尴尬的沉默|
He made things (=the situation) very awkward for me taking
me into his confidence.他把我当作知心人反而使我处境尴尬。
They've been asking some very awkward questions.他们问了
一些很不好回答的问题。| Don't go too near the dog -- he's
an awkward customer.(=is dangerous to deal with)不要太靠
近那条狗—它是个不好对付的家伙。4 unwilling to help or
agree;PERVERSE(2)不协作的，难相处的，闹别扭的：Don't be
so awkward -- we've got to get this finished by tonight.不要
这样别扭—我们今天晚上一定要把这事办完。5 awkward age
the time when a child is changing into an adult and is known
as an ADOLESCENT 尴尬的年龄，青春期： He'll soon be reach-
ing that awkward age-too young to do all the things he
wants to do and too old to act like a baby. 他很快就要到那个
尴尬的青春期年龄了—干自己想干的事太小，再像个孩子一样
又太大了。- ~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
awl /ol; o:l/ n a small pointed tool, often with a broad handle.
for making holes in leather 〔在皮革上钻孔用的〕锥子
aw.ning /onin; 'o:nin/ n a movable soft covering, especially
one made of CANVAS, used to protect shop windows, ships
DECKs etc from sun or rain 篷，（帆）布篷
a·woke /e`wok; e'weuk/ past tense of AWAKE
a.wok.en /e`woken; e'weuken/ past participle of AWAKE
AWOL /e,dabljuo`sl, `ewol;,er,dabalju: eu 'el, 'eiwol/ adj
1 abbrev. for 缩写= absent without official leave; absent from
your military group, without official permission〔军人)开小差
的，擅离职守的，未请假而外出的2 go AWOL infml someone
or something that has gone AWOL has disappeared, and you
do not know where they are【非正式】〔人或物〕消失的；失踪的，
去向不明的 - compare 比较 FRENCH LEAVE
a.wry /e`rai; e'rai/ adj, ady [F] 1 not in the way that was planned
or intended; wrong 出岔子的[地]，走样的[地]，错误的[地]：a
police operation that went badly awry 一次严重失误的警方行
动 2 not in the correct position or shape; twisted; bent 位置和
形状不对的[地]，弯曲的[地]，歪的[地]
pickaxe BrE/pickax AmE镐，鹤嘴镐
axe' also 又作 ax AmE【美】/aeks; aeks/ n axes /`aeksiz; 'aeksz/ 1 a
tool with a heavy metal blade on the end of a long handle, used
to cut down trees or split logs 长柄斧，斧头 - see also 另见
HATCHET 2 get the axe infml【非正式】a to be dismissed from
one's job 被解雇，被开除 b (of a plan) to be ended because of
lack of money or official support〔因缺钱或官方不支持而导致〕
(计划)被终止，被砍掉：Several of our plans got the axe when
the new government came in.新政府上台后我们有几个计划被
砍掉了。3 have an 'axe to grind infml to have personal and
often selfish reasons for one's actions or statements【非正式】
别有企图，有私心： The judge's criticisms of this policy must
be taken seriously because he has no political axe to grind
(=he does not have political reasons for finding fault)法官对
这个政策的批评必须认真考虑，因为他没有什么政治企图（因而说
话较公正)。
axe2 also 又作 ax AmE【美】v [T] infml to put an end suddenly
and usually without warning to (a job, plans etc)【非正式】突然
解雇，突然废止或取消〔计划)：750 jobs were axed as a result
of government spending cuts.由于政府缩减经费的缘故，有750
人被突然解雇了。
ax.i.om /aeksiem; 'aeksiem/ n a rule, principle etc that is gene-
rally accepted as true公理，规律，原理，原则
ax·i·o·mat·ic /eksie`maetik;aeksie'maetik/ adi fml not need-
ing to be proved; SELF-EVIDENT【正式】公理的，不需证明的，自
明的 - ~ally /-kli;-kli/ adv
ax·is /`aeksis; 'aekss/ n axes /`aeksiz; 'aeksi:z/ tech【术语】1 the
usually imaginary line around which a spinning body moves
轴，轴线： The Earth rotates about an axis between the North
Pole and the South Pole,地球绕着南北两极之间的地轴线旋转。
2 a line (e.g. across the middle of a circle) that divides a regu-
lar shape into two equal parts〔把规则形状平分成相等的两部分
的)中心线<例如直径>3 a fixed line against which the positions
of points are measured, especially the HORIZONTAL (=flat) and
VERTICAL(=upright) lines around a GRAPH 参考轴线，基准线
<如图表的横竖坐标轴>
Axis, the also 又作 the Axis pow·ers, the Axis coun·tries /'·
·/ n the countries, including Germany, Italy, and Japan, who
fought together during World War II against the ALLIES.轴心
国〔包括德、意、日在内，第二次世界大战中与同盟国作战〕
ax·le /`aeksl; 'aeksal/ n a bar with a wheel on either end, around
which the wheels turn or which turns with the wheels, as on a
car 轮轴，车轴
Ax.min.ster /aeksminste; 'aeksminste'/ trademark a type of
CARPET made in the town of Axminster in Devon, SW England,
by a special machine process which produces high quality car-
pet which look as if they have been made by hand 【商标】阿克
斯明斯特地毯〔产于英格兰西南部德文郡阿克斯明斯特镇，为机织
优质地毯但具有手工效果〕
ay·ah /`aje; 'aie/ n IndE & PakE an Indian nurse who looks
after children【印，巴】保姆，奶妈
a.ya.tollah / aije`tole;,aie'tole/ n a religious leader among the
Shiite Muslims 阿亚图拉〔回教什叶派对宗教领袖的尊称)：Aya.
tollah Khomeini 阿亚图拉霍梅尼
Ayatollah Khomeini - see参见 KHOMEINI
Ayck.bourn /ekborn; 'eikbo:n/, Al·an /aelen; 'aelen/ (1939-)
a British writer of humorous plays such as The Norman Con-
quests and A Chorus of Disapproval 艾克本〔 (1939- )，英国
喜剧作家，著有《诺曼征服》和《反对之声》〕
aye'/e; ei/ adv ScotE, especially old use or poet always;
continually【苏格兰，尤旧或诗】永恒地，永远地，永久地
aye2/ai; ai/ adv dial or lit (often used when voting or by sailors)
yes【方言或文】〔在表决时或海员中使用〕是！赞成！对！：Aye, aye,
sir; I'll do that at once.是，长官，我马上去办。| All in favour
say‘Aye’.赞成的请说“赞成！”
axes 斧子
aye3 /ai; ai/ n a vote or voter in favour of an idea, plan, law etc
赞成票；投票赞成者 - opposite 反义词 nay
axe/hatchet
Ayer /er; ee/, A.J. (1910-1989) a British PHILOSOPHER who
短柄斧，手斧
wrote Language, Truth and Logic (1936) 艾尔〔 (1910-1989)
英国哲学家，著有《语言、真理和逻辑》(1936)〕
Ayers Rock /erz `rak; eez 'rok/ -- see 参见 ULURU
axe/tomahawk
Ayk.royd /`aekroid; 'aekroid/, Dan (1952- ) a Canadian film
印第安斧，战斧
and television actor, known for appearing in humorous films
such as The Blues Brothers (1980) and Ghostbusters (1984).
He also appeared in the US television programme SATURDAY
NIGHT LIVE(1975-1979).艾克罗伊德〔(1952-)，加拿大影视演
员，以演喜剧片闻名，如《福禄双霸天》(1980)、《捉鬼敢死队》
(1984)等，他还在美国电视节目《星期六夜生活》(1975-1979)中
露面〕
Ayr-shire /`Erfo; 'eefe/ 1 a COUNTY in SW Scotland, now part
of Strathclyde REGION 埃尔郡〔苏格兰西南部一郡，现属于斯特
拉斯克莱德地区)2 a brown and white type of cow that is used
for producing milk〔一种棕白相间的〕艾尔夏奶牛
AZ written abbrev. for 缩= ARIZONA
A-Z/,e te`zi; ei te 'zed/ n in the UK, a book of street maps of a
town or city, with an alphabetical list of all the street names at
the end of the book 〔英国的一种书末附有街名索引的〕《城市街
道图》： The office is easy to find if you have an A-Z. 如果你有
城市街道图的话，就很容易找到那家公司。
A.zer.bai.jan /，aza-bai`d3an;,aezebai'd3a:n/ a country in the
extreme southeast of Europe, W of the Caspian Sea and N of
Iran. Population: 7,600,000 (1995). Capital: Baku. Azerbaijan
became independent of the former Soviet Union in 1991.阿
塞拜疆〔欧洲最东南的一个国家，位于里海以西，伊朗以北。人口：
0097
7,600,000(1995),首都：巴库。1991年阿塞拜疆脱离前苏联独
立) - Azerbaijani n, adj
az.i·muth /`aezeme0; 'aezme0/ n the angle on the Earth's sur-
face between a north-south line and the position or direction
of something, especially a star, seen from a place on the Earth
方位角，方位
A.zores, the /`ezorz; e'zo:z/ a group of islands in the north
Atlantic Ocean, west of Portugal, which belong to Portugal亚
速尔群岛〔北大西洋上的一群岛屿，位于葡萄牙以西，属葡萄牙〕
AZT /e zi `ti; ei zed 'ti:/ n a medicine used by people with AIDS
to slow down the progress of the illness 叠氮胸苷〔一种艾滋病
抑制药〕
Az.tec /`aeztck; 'aeztek/ n [P] a people who lived in Mexico un-
til their CIVILIZATION was destroyed in the 16th century by
CORTES and the Spanish army. The Aztecs are known for their
impressive buildings, gold jewellery, and complicated social
and religious customs, which included human SACRIFICE
(=killing humans for religious reasons). Their language was
Nahautl.阿兹台克人〔居住于墨西哥，16世纪其文明被科尔特斯
及西班牙军队摧毁。阿兹台克人以高大的建筑、黄金首饰及复杂的
社会宗教习俗如以活人献祭等著称。他们的语言是纳华特尔语〕—
Aztec adj: Aztec jewellery 阿兹特克人的首饰
az.ure /`e3; 'e3e/ adj having a bright blue colour, like the
sky 天蓝色的，蔚蓝的 - azure n [U]
0098
B. b /bi; bi:/ B's, b's or Bs, bs the second letter of the English
alphabet英语字母的第2个字母
bwritten abbrev. for 缩写=born 生于：b 1885生于1885年
B 1 the second highest GRADE given to a student's work. An
exam or piece of written work that gets a B is good, but not
excellent. 乙级，乙等，良： I got a B in/for Chemistry.化学测验
我得了个良。2 the seventh note in the musical SCALE of C, or
the musical KEY based on this note C大调音阶的第七个音符，
B 音； B 调 3 one of the common BLOOD GROUPS B型〔常见血
型的一种)- see also参见 B-LIST, B-ROAD, B-SIDE
B-52 /，bi fifti `tu; bi: fifti 'tu:/ n a large military aircraft made in
the US and used by the US to drop bombs in the Vietnam War
and the Gulf War B-52型轰炸机〔美国制造的大型军用飞机，曾
在越南战争和海湾战争中被用来投掷炸弹】
BA1/,bi`e; bi: 'ei/ n Bachelor of Arts; a university degree in a
subject such as history or literature. BA is sometimes written
after someone's name to show that they have this degree.文学
士〔有时置于人名之后，以表示拥有此学位〕
BA2 abbrev. for 缩写=British Airways
baa /ba; ba:/v baaed [I] to make the sound that a sheep or lamb
makes 咩，发出羊或小羊的叫声 - baa n
Baa, Baa, Black Sheep // a NURSERY RHYME (=old
song or poem for young children)《咩，咩，黑绵羊》〔一首儿歌)：
Baa, baa, black sheep
Have you any wool?
Yes sir, yes sir,
Three bags full
Baa-der-Mein-hof gang, the /，bada `mainhof gaen; ba:de
'mainhof gaen/ the leaders of a group of German TERRORISTS
called the 'Red Army Faction', which had extremely LEFT.
WING beliefs. During the 1970s, they bombed many buildings
and killed several police officers, business leaders, and gov-
ernment officials.巴德尔-迈因霍夫帮〔德国极端左翼恐怖组织
“红色军团”的头目。20世纪70年代期间，他们炸毁了许多建筑
物并杀害多位警官、商界领袖及政府官员
Ba.bar /baebar; 'ba:ba:/ the main character in stories for chil.
dren by Jean de Brunhoff. Babar is an ELEPHANT who is a king
巴巴尔〔让·德·布吕诺夫所著儿童故事中的主人公，它是一头做国
王的大象〕
Bab.bage /`baebid3; 'baebid3/, Charles (1792-1871) a British
MATHEMATICIAN who designed a type of calculating machine
which modern computers are based on 巴贝奇〔(1792-1871)，
英国数学家，曾设计过一种计算器，它是现代电脑的雏形〕
Bab.bitt /baebit; 'baebt/ a book by Sinclair Lewis about a busi
nessman called George Babbitt who lives in a small US town.
Babbitt is regarded as a boring man, because he thinks only
about his own business and his position in local society, and
he is not interested in other things in life.《巴比特》〔辛克莱·刘
易斯创作的一本书，讲述居住在美国一个小镇上的商人乔治·巴比
特的故事。他被看作是一个庸俗的男人，因为他只关心自己的生意
和社会地位，对生活中的其他事情漠不关心〕
bab.ble1 /`baebl; 'baebal/ v 1 [I; T] to say or talk quickly and
foolishly or in a way that is hard to understand 胡言乱语，含糊
不清地说： She babbled her thanks in a great hurry. 她匆忙而
含糊地道了谢。| I have no idea what he was babbling on about.
我根本不知道他在唠叨些什么。|a babbling idiot 胡言乱语的
白痴2 [I] to make continuous sounds like water running gen-
tly over rounded stones 作潺潺声<如流水>： a babbling brook
流水潺潺的小溪 - -bler n
babble2n [S] 1 a confused sound of many people talking at the
same time〔许多人同时说话〕听不清的声音，乱哄哄的说话声：a
babble of voices 唧唧喳喳的说话声 2 a sounc like that of a
stream running gently over rounded stones 潺潺声； the babble
of running water 流水的潺潺声
babe /beb; beib/ n infml【非正式】1 a very attractive young
woman or man 迷人的青年男[女]子： Baywatch babes《海岸救
险队》中的漂亮小妞 | Have you seen that new guy in the li-
brary? What a babe!你见过图书馆新来的家伙吗？好个帅哥！
2 lit a baby 【文】婴儿； a babe in arms 怀里的婴儿
babe in the woods /···'/ n infml someone who is very
inexperienced and who is easily tricked by other people【非正式】
无经验而易受骗的人
ba.bel /`beb]; 'beibal/ n [S; U] a scene of confusion, disorder,
and the noise of many voices (from story of the Tower of Ba.
bel in the Bible)乱哄哄的场面：喧哗，混乱声〔源于《圣经》中巴
别塔的故事)： a babel of French, German and Italian voices
混杂着法语、德语、意大利语各种声音 - see also另见 TOWER
OF BABEL
Babe Ruth - see 参见 RUTH. Babe
Babes in the Wood /.../ an old story about a young brother
and sister who are left in the woods by their evil uncle, who
wants to get control of their property. In the UK, many PANTO
MIMES are based on this story.《树林里的婴儿》〔一个古老的传
说，讲述一对幼小的兄妹，因邪恶的叔叔企图霸占他们的财产而被
他遗弃在树林里。英国许多童话剧都是根据这个故事改编而成的]
ba.boon /bae`bun; be'bu:n/ n a large monkey of Africa or S
Asia 狒狒〔一种产于非洲或南亚的大猴)
ba·bu. baboo /`babu; 'ba:bu:/ n IndE【印】1 usually derog an
Indian clerk【一般贬】〔会写英语的〕印度人书记员 2 (used es-
pecially formerly as a Hindu title, like Mr)先生〔尤指以前印度
人的尊称〕
*ba.by1/`bebi; 'beibi/ n 1 a very young child, especially one
who has not yet learnt to speak or walk 婴儿，婴孩： a newborn
baby 新生婴儿| a baby girl 女婴 | a three-month-old baby
出生才三个月的婴儿|My sister is expecting a baby.(=is PREG-
NANT) 我姐姐怀孕了。- see 参见 CHILD (USAGE) 2 a very
young animal or bird 幼兽；雏鸟： a baby monkey 猴崽 3 the
youngest or smallest of a group(一群人中)年纪最轻或最小的
一个： My brother Peter is still at college; he's the baby of our
family,我弟弟彼得还在上大学，他是我们家里年龄最小的成员。
4 usually derog a person who behaves like a baby 【一般贬】孩
子气的人： Don't be such a baby! Take your medicine.别耍小
孩子脾气了，吃药吧！ 5 infml something that is the special re-
sponsibility of a particular person【非正式】〔由某人专门负责照
管的)差事，任务： Don't ask me about the building contract -
that's Robert's baby.别问我有关建筑合同的事，那是罗伯特管
的。6 AmE infml a person, especially a girl or woman【美，非
正式】人；女孩，女人 7 throw the baby out with the 'bath water
to lose the most important part of something when getting rid
of the bad or unwanted part 把婴儿连同洗澡水一齐倒掉；不分
精华或糟粕一概摒弃
*baby2v [T] infml to treat like a baby; give a great deal of care
or attention to;MOLLYCODDLE【非正式】把··当婴儿看待：对·
细心照料，对·娇生惯养：babying his old car 细心照料他的旧
车
baby blues /'· / n [the+P] infml for【非正式】 = POSTNATAL
DEPRESSION 产后抑郁症： an attack of the baby blues 患产后抑
郁症
baby-boom /'./n a period when there is a large increase in
the number of babies born, especially the period after the SEC-
OND WORLD WAR 生育高峰期〔尤指第二次世界大战后一段时期)：
the baby-boom of the 1950s 20世纪50年代的生育高峰期
baby-boom.er /'../ n a person born during a baby-boom
especially during the 1950s〔尤指20世纪50年代)生育高峰期
出生的人
baby bounc.er /'..·/ n a seat hanging from springs fixed to a
frame in which a baby can stand with feet touching the floor
and legs taking part of the body weight 婴儿体操架〔指用弹簧
固定在支架上的座位，幼儿坐着的时候双脚着地，双腿承受部分体
重)
baby car.riage /'·，·/ also 又作 baby buggy - n AmE for
【美】=PRAM
Ba.by.cham /bebifaem; 'beibifaem/ trademark a type of sweet
CARBONATED alcoholic drink sold in the UK. It is a little like
CHAMPAGNE but is much less expensive, and it is often drunk
by women.【商标】杯杯香〔英国出售的一种甜汽酒，有点像香槟酒
但要便宜得多，常为女士饮用〕
baby grand /./ n infml a small GRAND PIANO (a piano with
its strings set parallel to the ground, not up and down)【非正式】
小型三角钢琴： They have a baby grand in their living room
他们在起居室里放着一架小型三角钢琴。
ba.by.hood /bebi hud; 'beibihud/n [U] the period of time when
0099
one is a baby 婴儿期，幼小时期
ba.by.ish /`bebif; 'beibi-if/ adj derog (especially of someone
who is not a baby) like a baby 【贬】婴儿似的，孩子气的： It's
babyish to cry aboul having a tooth out at your age!在你这
种年龄拔牙还哭哭啼啼，真太孩子气啦
Bab.v.lon /baebilan; 'baeblen/ an ancient Middle Eastern city
that was the capital of Babylonia and was famous for its great
wealth. People sometimes use the name Babylon to mean a
place of pleasure and immoral behaviour.巴比伦〔中东古城.
曾为巴比伦王国的首都，以其巨大财富而闻名。人们有时使用这个
词指奢华淫靡之地〕
baby milk /'· ·/ n [U] dried milk which is mixed with water
and fed to babies instead of breast milk(用以替代母乳的)婴儿
奶粉
baby-mind.er /'./ n BrE someone who looks after other
people's babies, usually when both parents are at work【英】受
雇为外出工作的父母照料小孩的人，保姆 - compare 比较 BABY
SITTER
Baby Ruth // trademark a type of chocolate bar in the US
which contains PEANUTS, CARAMEL, and NOUGAT【商标】“宝
贝露丝”牌巧克力〔美国的一种条形巧克力，内含花生、焦糖及果仁
糖〕
baby's breath /· / also 又作 babies' breath - n [U] a plant
with many small white or pink flowers, often dried and used in
groups of cut flowers(BOUQUETS) and at weddings 满天星
baby-sit /'· ·/ also 又作 sit AmE【美】-— ν -sat, present parti
ciple -tt- [I (for)] to act as a baby-sitter 临时受雇代外出的父母
照料小孩
baby-sit.ter /'/ also 又作 sitter -n 1 a person who takes
care of babies or children while their parents are out, espe-
cially in the evening. A baby-sitter is usually paid,〔尤指在晚
间〕临时受雇代外出的父母照料小孩的人 -compare 比较BABY
MINDER 2 AmE for【美】=CHILDMINDER
baby talk /'./n [U] 1 the speechlike sounds made by babies
when they are learning to talk 儿语，婴儿牙牙学语之声 2 the
way adults sometimes talk to babies, often repeating words or
sounds or using words with no meaning〔成人对婴儿说话时]
模仿儿语的说话
baby tooth /'.·/ n AmE for【美】= MILK TOOTH
ba·by·walk·er /`bebi,woke; 'beibi,wo:ke/ n a WALKER(2)学
步车
Ba.call /be`kol; be'ko:l/, Lau.ren /loren; 'lo:ren/ (1924-)a US
actress who was married to Humphrey BOGART. She appeared
with him in the films To Have and Have Not and The Big
Sleep, and in many other films and plays.白考尔〔 (1924- )，
美国女演员，嫁与亨弗莱·博加特，他们共同演出了《有的和没有
的》、《长眠》等许多影片及舞台剧〕
Ba.car.di /be`kardi; be'ka:di/ trademark a type of white RUM
(=strong alcoholic drink), which people often drink with COCA-
COLA【商标】百家得朗姆酒〔一种白色朗姆酒，常掺在可口可乐中
饮用〕
bac.ca.lau.re.ate /，baeke`loriet;,baeke'lo:riet/ n fml for【正式】=
BACHELOR'S DEGREE
bac.ca.rat, -ra /，baeke`ra; 'baekera:/ n [U] a card game usually
played for money〔由三人玩的〕巴卡拉纸牌戏〔俗称百家乐，是一
种纸牌赌博〕
bac.cha.nal /baekenl; baeke'nael/ n especially lit a noisy party
with a lot of drinking and disorderly behaviour, perhaps in
cluding sex【尤文】狂饮作乐的闹宴〔有时伴有性放纵的行为〕-
see also 另见 BACCHUS - ~ian /，baeke`nelien;baeke'neilien
adj
Bac.chus /baekes; 'baekes/ in Roman MYTHOLOGY, the god of
wine and FERTILITY. He is usually connected with uncontrolled
behaviour involving lots of drinking, parties, and sex. In Greek
mythology his name is DIONYSUS.巴克斯〔罗马神话中的酒神，
生育之神，常与无节制的行为联系在一起，包括酗酒、狂欢、纵欲
等，希腊神话中称狄俄尼索斯〕
bac.cy /`baeki; 'baeki/ n [U] slang tobacco【俚】烟草
bach /baetf; baetf/ v [I] AmE infml (of a man) to cook, keep
house etc without the help or presence of a woman; to live as a
BACHELOR(1)【美，非正式】〔妻子不在时的丈夫〕独立过活；〔男
子)过单身生活： He's baching while his wife is in the hospital.
妻子住院时，他过着单身汉似的生活
Bach /bak; ba:k/, Jo.hann Se.bas.ti.an /johan se`baestien;
ieuhaen se'baestion/(1685-1750) a German musician, one of
the most famous and admired European COMPOSERS. He is es-
pecially well known for his ORGAN music and his religious
CHORAL music (=for musicians and singers), which is typical
of the BAROQUE style.巴赫〔(1685-1750)，德国音乐家，最著名、
最受仰慕的欧洲作曲家之一，尤以管风琴曲及典型巴罗克风格的宗
教合唱音乐著称〕
Bach.a.rach /`baekeraek; 'baekeraek/, Burt /b3t; b3:t/(1929-)
a US songwriter whose music is in the EASY LISTENING style
and has been recorded by many different singers and musicians.
巴卡拉克〔(1929-)，美国歌曲作家，其音乐节奏舒缓，不少歌手
和音乐家都曾灌录过他的作品〕
bach·e·lor /`baetfele; 'baetfele/ n 1 an unmarried man 未婚男
子，单身汉：He's a confirmed bachelor .(=he's unlikely to get
married)他抱定宗旨当一辈子光棍。| an eligible bachelor
(=who is regarded as very suitable to be chosen as a husband)
符合条件适于作结婚对象的未婚男子」a bachelor flat 单身汉
公寓房 - compare 比较 SPINSTER
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The STEREOTYPE of a
bachelor is a man who is about 30 years old, enjoys having
fun, and does not want the responsibility of being a hus-
band and parent. If you describe someone as a bachelor.
rather than as 'single', you are suggesting that he may never
get married but that you do not pity him because he could
get married if he wanted to but has decided not to.典型的
单身汉是30岁左右的男子，喜欢尽情玩乐，不想承担作为丈夫
或父亲的责任。如果某人被称作 bachelor而不是 single的
话，那么言下之意是他可能一辈子独身，但人们不会表示同
情，因为他如果愿意的话是可以结婚的，但他决定不那么做。
compare Cultural Note at 比较 SPINSTER 文化注释
2 (often cap.常用大写) a person, male or female, who has a
bachelor's degree 拥有学士学位的人： a Bachelor of Arts 文学
士| a Bachelor of Science 理学士
bachelor par.ty /'.. n AmE a party for a man who is about
to get married, in which he and his male friends celebrate
together, often on the night before the wedding. Bachelor par-
ties usually involve a lot of silly, uncontrolled behaviour, and
everyone drinks a lot of alcohol. In British English, this is called
a‘stag party'.【美】单身汉晚会〔为行将结婚的男子举行的宴会，
只有男性朋友参加，常在婚礼前一晚举行。人们常在晚会上做些不
加控制的傻事而且每人都大量饮酒。在英式英语中这称为stag
party)
bachelor's de-gree /'.·/ also 又作 bachelor's n a first uni-
versity degree 学士学位 -- see also 另见 BA, BSC
ba.cil.lus /be`siles; be'siles/ n -cilli /-`silar; -'silai/ tech any of
several kinds of rod-shaped bacteria, some of which carry
disease【术语】杆菌，细菌，病菌
*back1 /baek; baek/ n 1 the part of a person's or animal's body
that is the side opposite the chest, and goes from the neck to
the bottom of the SPINE or the tail(人或动物的)背部：背脊： She
was carrying the baby on her back. 她正背着婴孩。| You'll
make your back ache if you carry those heavy buckets.你背
着那些沉重的桶，背部会疼痛的。| He was(flat) on his back
(=ill in bed) for three months. 他生病卧床达三个月。2 [(of
usually sing.一般用单数] the part furthest from the direction
that something moves in or faces 后面，后部： Sit at the back of
the aircraft. 坐在飞机的后部。| The back of the house looks
out onto the river. 屋后面朝向河流。| He wrote 'Just Mar
ried'on the back of their car.他在他们的汽车后面写上“新婚”
二字。| Three people can sit in the back of this car. (=in the
seats behind the driver) 这辆汽车的后座可以坐三个人。| There's
a garden at the back of/(AmE 美) in back of the house
(=behind it)屋后有个花园。|(fig. 喻) It was at the back of
my mind that I had to phone you, but I completely forgot. 我
本来想着给你打电话的，但我竟完全忘记了。3[(of) usually sing
般用单数] the less important side or surface of something较
不重要的一边或一面：背面，反面：She scribbled some notes on
the back of an envelope. 她在信封的背面草草地写了几句话。|
The back of the knife won't cut. 刀背是切不了东西的。- com-
pare 比较 BACKSIDE 4 [(of)] the part of a chair that one leans
against when sitting 椅背，靠背 5 [(of) usually sing. 一般用单
数] the end of a book or newspaper(书的)后面；（报纸的）版尾：
There is a lot of useful information at the back of the dictio-
nary.词典后面有许多有用的资料。6(in games like football)
one of the defending players in a team(足球运动等的)后卫-
compare 比较 FORWARD5, CENTRE1(5) 7 at one's back sup-
porting one 支持某人，做某人的靠山：Caesar marched into
Rome with an army at his back. 凯撒在军队的支持下进入罗马
城。8 back to back: a with the backs facing each other 背靠
背： Stand back to back and we'll see which of you is taller.背
靠背站着，就能看出你们谁高了。b especially AmE happening
one after the other 【尤美】连续地，一个接一个地： two football
games played back to back 先后举行的两场橄榄球赛 9 back
to front: BrE【英】a in such a way that the back and front are
0100
opposite in position 前后倒置： You've got your sweater on
back to front. 你把毛衣前后穿反了。b thoroughly 彻底地，透
彻地： She knows the system back to front. 她透彻地了解那个
制度。10 behind someone's back unknown to the person con-
cerned 背着某人，背地里： This decision was taken behind my
back.这个决定是背着我作出的。 11 get off someone's back
infml to stop putting unwanted pressure on someone to do some-
thing【非正式】停止给某人施加不必要的压力： I wish the boss
would get off my back and let me do the job in my own way.
真希望老板能饶了我,放手让我自己去做这项工作。12 have/with
one's back to the wall infml (to be) in a position of great
difficulty【非正式】被逼得走投无路；陷入绝境： With the continu-
ing fall in demand, the steel producers really have their backs
to the wall.由于需求继续下降，钢铁生产企业确实陷入了困境
13 know somewhere like the back of one's hand infml to
know somewhere very well 【非正式】对某地方了如指掌： She
knows New York like the back of her hand. 她对纽约了如指
掌。14 put one's back into to work very hard at 发奋做（某
事)，专心致志于（某事）： If we really put our backs into the
job we can finish it today.如果我们确实全力以赴，我们今天能
完成这项工作。15 put someone's back up infml to annoy
omeone【非正式】使某人生气：使某人产生反感，惹恼某人16
urn one's back on to avoid or refuse to help, especially un-
fairly or unkindly 不理睬；拒绝帮助： He's always been kind to
me - I can't just turn my back on him now that he needs my
help.他一向对我很好，现在既然他需要我帮助，我总不能拒绝他
17 someone is on someone's back used in order to say that
someone is criticizing or complaining about the way someone
is behaving 找某人的麻烦： So I'd got no money left, and my
parents were on my back for spending too much. 我这就没有
余钱了，父母责备我花钱太多。| They've been on his back about
leaving the car out on the main road. 他们抱怨他把车停在交
通要道上。18 watch your back used in order to tell someone
o be careful because someone may be trying to cause trouble
for them or harm them 提防某人； A word of warning; watch
your back with Connolley -- I don't trust him.提醒你一下：防
着康诺利一点 ——我不信任他。| She had to watch her back.
like any politician.她得像每一位从政的人那样提防任何人。19
you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours used about a situa-
tion in which people are helping each other, especially by do-
ing things for each other that they are not supposed to do你帮
我，我就帮你〔尤指不正当的事)；相互勾结：After all,You scratch
my back, I'll scratch yours' was not an unknown saying in
this city.毕竟，互相勾结在这个城市并不是新鲜事。| I realized
what Fred was trying to tell me, it was 'You scratch my back.
I'll scratch yours'.我明白弗雷德想告诉我的是“你帮我，我就帮
你”。-- back-scratching: It's a back-scratching exercise -
he collects debts for the bank, they give him access to infor-
mation.这事对双方都有好处——他为银行收账，银行则让他获
取资料。- ~less adi: a backless swimming costume 露背泳装
- see also 另见 BACK OF BEYONd, SHORT BACK AND sides
break the back of (BREAK1(22)), see the back of (SEE1(24),
the straw that breaks the camel's back (STRAW)
back2 adv 1 in or into the place or position where someone or
something was before 回原处；恢复原状： Put the book back on
the shelf when you've finished it. 书看完请放回书架上。I Back
in Nigeria (where I come from) we used to play a lot of tennis.
我们以前在尼日利亚（我是那里的人）常常打网球。|She came
back to get the box that she'd left behind. 她回来取忘了带走
的箱子。| I bought a paper on the way back from school. 我
在从学校回来的路上买了一份报纸。| I came out of the mosque
and put my shoes back on. 我走出清真寺，把鞋再穿上。| She
was away for three weeks but she's back at work now,她离开
了3周，但现在已回来工作了。|(fig.喻) Hats are back in fash-
ionlare coming back into fashion.(有边的)帽子再度流行起来
了。2 towards or at the back; away from the front 向后面；在后
面；不在前面： Sit well back or you won't be able to fasten
your seat belt. 尽量往后靠，否则你就系不上安全带。| The po-
lice kept the crowd back as the President's car passed.当总
统坐的轿车经过时，警察把人群拦住（不让他们往前挤）。3away
from the speaker 后退〔离开说话的人)： Stand back! This dog
bites.往后站！这只狗咬人。4 towards or in an earlier time以
前，过去，从前，追溯至：We met him three years back/back in
1980.我们在3年前/早在 1980年就遇见过他。| t put te clock
back (=so that it shows an earlier time)把钟往回拨 |She's
been working there as far back as I can remember.就我记忆
所及，她一直在那里工作。| Looking back on it, it was a mistake
现在回过头去看，这是个错误。5 in return; in reply 作为回复
作为回答： Phone me back when you know the answer. 你知道
答案后给我回个电话。| I'llpay her back for her rudeness! 对
她的无礼，我会予以回击。6 towards the beginning of a book
向书的前面（翻去）： There's a picture six pages further back
往回翻6页有1幅图画。7 so as to be delayed or made slower
被耽误；延缓：His bad health has kept/held him back at school.
他因健康不佳而耽误了学业
*back3 adj [A] 1 at the back 后面的，后部的，背后的： the back
yard/garden 后院[后园] 」 the back wheel of a bicycle 自行车
后轮 -- see also 另见 BACK DOOR, BACK BURNER 2 of or from
the past 以前的；过期的，拖欠的： back pay/back rent (=money
owed from an earlier time)拖欠的工资 [房租] | a back num-
ber/back copy/back issue of a magazine (=not the most re-
cent one)旧的[过期的]杂志 3 tech (of a vowel sound) made by
raising the tongue at the back of the mouth 【术语】〔元音〕舌后
的，舌根的- opposite 反义词 front
back4 v1[I;T] to (cause to) go backwards(使)倒退，（使）后退：
She backed the car through the gatelinto the parking space
她开倒车驶出大门[入停车位]。2 [T] to support and encourage,
often with money; provide BACKING for 支持，鼓励：资助：The
bank refusec to back the scheme,银行拒绝资助这项计划。|
The union leaders decided to back the Government in its
action.工会领袖决定支持政府采取的行动。| the American
backed rebel forces (=who are supported by the Americans)
美国支持的叛军 3 [T] to put money on the success of (a horse.
dog etc in a race); BET on 下赌注于〔赛马、赛狗等) ： Jane backed
the winner and won f5.简下注买中了获胜的马，赢得了五英镑。
4 [T (with)] to provide with a back or LINING 加衬里于，给·.
装背衬：curtains backed with a plastic material 用塑料作背衬
的窗帘 5 [I] tech (of the wind) to change direction, moving
round the COMPASS in the order North-West-South-East 【术语】
(风向)逆转，转变方向为左旋〔按北-西一南一东的次序在罗盘上
变向)- compare 比较 VEER (2) 6 back the wrong horse to
support the loser 下错了赌注，支持了输家，选了失败者
back away also 又作 back off AmE【美】- phr v [I(from)
to move away or back because of fear or dislike〔因恐惧或厌恶
而)躲开，向后退，退缩：The dog backed away as the man raised
his stick.当那人举起了棍子,狗便退缩了。| (fig.喻) The gov-
ernment has backed away from radical reshaping of the tax
system.政府本打算彻底地改革税收制度，现已从原有的立场上后
退了。
back down phr v [I (over, on)] to accept defeat in an argument.
opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong 放弃论点、意见、
要求；承认错误、失败；让步： I saw that she was right, so I had
to back down,我看到她是正确的,所以我只好放弃原来的主张。
back off phr v [I] AmE to stop trying to make (someone) do
or think (something)【美】不再使〔某人〕做或想〔某事〕： I saw
was upsetting her so I backed off. 我发现她给惹恼了，因此只
好作罢。| Just back off and leave me alone! 不要来烦我！
back onto sthg. phr v [T] (of a place or building) to be near
to or have at the back 〔地方或建筑物〕背后靠近；背对着： The
house backs onto the river. 那所房子后面靠着河
back out phr v [I (from, of)] to fail to fulfil a promise, con-
tract etc 不履行（诺言、合同等），打退堂鼓，食言，违约： I hope I
can depend on you not to back out at the last moment.我希望
能信赖你不至于在最后关头撒手不干
back sbdy./sthg. up phr v 1 [T] to support, especially in an
argument〔尤指在辩论中〕支持（某人）[某事]：The policeman
wouldn't have believed me if you hadn't backed me up.如果
你当时不支持我，警察是不会相信我的。2[I;T] to make a copy
of (a DISK)复制（磁碟） ： Make sure you back up (the disk)
before you turn the computer off,一定要先复制好磁碟然后再
把电脑关掉。- see also 另见 BACKUP
back.ache /`baek,ek; 'baekeik/ n [C; U] (a) pain in the back背
痛：suffering from(a) backache 感到背痛- see 参见ACHE2
(USAGE)
back.bench /baek`bentf; baek'bentfn any of the seats in the
British parliament on which members who do not hold an offi.
cial position in the government or opposition may sit 后座议员
席位〔英国议会中在政府或反对党中不居官职的议员坐的席位)：
the Tory backbenches 英国保守党议员的后座席位 」 backbench
support/rebellion 后座议员的支持[反叛] - compare 比较
FRONTBENCH
back.bench.er /，baek`bantfo;,baek'bentfe/n a member of the
British parliament who does not hold an official position in
the government or opposition, and who sits on one of the back
seats后座议员〔在政府或反对党中不居官职的议员)：angry back
benchers 愤怒的后座议员 - compare 比较 FRONTBENCHER
back.bit.ing /`baek baitin; 'baek, baitin/ n [U] unkind and un.
pleasant talk about someone who is absent背后说人的坏话：
didn't enjoy working there - there was too much backbiting
我不喜欢在那里工作，背后议论、流言飞语太多。- -ern
0101
back·board /baekbord; 'baekbo: d/n (in BASKETBALL) the board
behind the basket〔篮球架上的)篮板
back-bone /`baek bon; 'baekbeun/ n 1 [C] the row of bones in
the centre of a person's or animal's back; SPINE〔人或动物的)
脊骨，脊柱 2 [the (of)] the part of a group, organization etc
that provides the main support〔团体、组织等的)骨干；支柱，主
力，中坚： The small farmers form the backbone of the country's
economy.小农是这个国家经济的支柱。3 [U] firmness of mind:
strength of character 骨气；毅力： “No backbone,” said the old
general. \"That's the trouble with young people today!”“没
骨气，”老将军说，“这是当代青年人的毛病
back.break·ing /baek brekin; 'baekbreikin/ adj(of work)very
hard and heavy 〔工作〕累死人的，非常繁重的： a backbreaking
job/load 繁重的工作；劳累的重担
back burn.er /./ n infml【非正式】on the back burner lef
to be dealt with later 处于次要地位： We put the Thompson
project on the back burner while we rushed to meet the dead-
line on the Italo contract. 我们把汤普森工程暂搁一边，赶在最
后的期限内完成与意大利人签的那份合同
back·chat /`baek,tfaet; 'baektfaet/ BrE【英】 ‖ back talk AmE
【美】-- n [U] rude talk in reply to someone 顶嘴，回嘴： Just
listen to me! I don't want any backchat! 听我说就行了！我不
容许有人回嘴！
back.cloth /`baek klo0; 'baek-klo0/ n BrE for【英】=BACKDROP
back.comb /baek kom; 'baek-keum/ v [T] to comb (hair) against
the direction of growth, in order to make it look thicker倒梳
(头发)〔使之蓬松〕
back coun.try, the /'./ n 1 especially AustrE a country area
where few people live 【尤澳】穷乡僻壤，偏僻地区 2 AmE an
area, especially in the mountains, away from roads and towns
【美】边远地区〔尤指山区)： hiking in the back country op
Yosemite National Park 在约塞米蒂国家公园的偏僻地区远足
back.date /`baek det; baek'deit/ v [T (to)] to make effective
from an earlier date 从过去某个日期开始有效，将·追溯到（某
年、某月)算起： The pay increase agreed in June will be back
dated to January. 6月同意增加的工资将从1月份算起。- com-
pare 比较 ANTEDATE, POSTDATE
back·door /`baek dor; 'baekdo:/ adj [only before noun 仅用于
名词前]secret, or not publicly stated as your intention 秘密的，
偷偷摸摸的； In what amounts to a backdoor income tax in-
crease, the Chancellor chose to freeze personal tax allowance
随着工资外所得税的增加，财政大臣决定冻结个人免税额。
back door //n 1 a door at the back or side of a building后
门，旁门 2 get in through/by the back door to get a job, a
place in a university etc through having some unfair advan.
tage走后门〔采取不正当的手段谋求职位等]
back·drop /`baek,drap; 'baekdrop/ also 又作 backcloth BrE
【英】— n1 a painted cloth hung across the back of a stage 〔舞
台后部的)背景幕布 2 the conditions in which something hap-
pens; BACKGROUND 背景： The stormy political events of the
1930s provided the backdrop for the film.这部影片是以20
纪30年代的政治风暴为背景的
back.er /`baeke; 'baeke/ n 1 someone who supports a plan, es-
pecially with money 支持者，赞助者，资助者： We'll stage the
play as soon as we've found a backer.一旦我们找到资助者
我们就上演此剧。2 someone who BACKs4(3)a horse对赛马下
赌注的人
back.fire /`baek fair; baek'faie/ v [I] 1 (of a motor vehicle) to
make a loud noise because the explosion in the engine comes
too soon〔汽车引擎的〕逆火，回火 2 [(on)] to have an unexpected
effect opposite to the effect intended 发生意外：产生事与愿违
的后果： His plan backfired (on him), and he lost all his money
他的计划产生了适得其反的结果，因此他的钱全亏掉了
back for.ma.tion /./ n tech a word formed from anothe
word that seems to be formed from it, especially by removing
a SUFFIX【术语】逆构词，逆成词： The verb ‘televise' is a back
formation from‘television'.动词“televise”是由“television'
逆生而成
back.gam·mon /`baek,gaemen; 'baek,gaemen/ n [U] an indoor
game for two players, using round wooden pieces and DICE on
a special board 西洋十五子棋，西洋双陆棋〔一种供两人玩，以掷
骰子决定棋子行进的游戏
*back.ground /baek,graund; 'baekgraund/ n 1 [C] the scenery
or space behind the main objects or people in a view, a picture
or a photograph 背景，后景： The mountains form a background
to this photograph of the family. 这幅家庭照的后景是山脉。
(fig.喻) She has a lot of power, but likes to remain in the
background.(=as unnoticeable as possible)她掌握不少权力，
但喜欢退居幕后。- compare 比较 FOREGROUND 2 [C; U] the
conditions that exist when something happens, and that help
to explain it （发生事情时的）背景情况： The riots took place
against a background of widespread unemployment.暴乱是
在普遍失业的情况下发生的。| You'l have to give me a bit more
background (information) before I can help you.你必须向我
提供更多的背景情况我才能帮助你。3 [C] a person's family.
social class, experience, and education 个人的背景资料〔包括
家庭、所属社会阶层、经历、学历状况等)：She has a background
in child psychology. 她受过儿童心理学的教育。| children from
disadvantaged backgrounds 来自贫困家庭的孩子
back.hand /baek`haend; 'baekhaend/ n (in games such as tennis)
(the ability to make) a stroke with the back of the hand turned
in the direction of movement(网球等〕反手击球 （技术）： He's
got an excellent backhand. 他具有高超的反手击球技术。-
compare 比较 FOREHAND - backhand adj, ady: He returned
it backhand. 他用反手把球击了回去
back.hand.ed /baek`haendid;,baek'haendd/ adj1 using or
made with a backhand 反手击球的，用反手的 2 (of a remark)
indirect, especially SARCASTIC〔话语〕间接的，转弯抹角的；讽刺
挖苦的： a backhanded compliment 讽刺挖苦的恭维话 - back
handed adv
back.hand.er /`baek`haenda; 'baekhaende/ n 1 a backhanded
blow or stroke 反手一击 2 BrE infml a BRIBE【英，非正式】贿赂
back.ing /`baekin; 'baekin/ n 1 [U] help or support, especially
with money 支持，帮助，资助： He's won the backing of the Con
gress for his scheme. 他的计划赢得了国会的支持。2 [C; U]
something that is used to make the back of an object 衬垫物，
背衬： (a) backing of cardboard 硬纸板的衬背 3 [C] the musi
cal ACCOMPANIMENT that supports a singer or musician(音乐)
伴奏
back.lash /`baek,laef; 'baeklaef/n 1 [(against)] a strong but usu-
ally delayed feeling of opposition among many people towards
a belief or practice, especially towards a political or social de-
velopment〔对重大事件的〕强烈反应，对抗性反应： The continual
rise in violent crime eventually provoked a backlash against
the liberal gun-control laws.暴力犯罪不断增加，终于引起了
对不严的枪支管制法的强烈不满。2 a sudden violent backward
movement 后冲，反撞：后坐力
back.less /baekles; 'baekles/ adj a backless dress or SWIMSUIT
does not cover much or any of a woman's back〔女装〕露背的
back.log /`baek,log; 'baeklog/ n [usually sing.一般用单数]a
number of jobs that have to be done that were not done at the
proper time 积压未办之事，积压的工作： a backlog of work af-
ter the holidays 假日后积压的工作
back num.ber /·/n a newspaper, magazine etc that is out of
date, but may still be interesting or valuable〔仍旧有趣味或参
考价值的〕过期的报纸、杂志等 - see also另见 BACK3(2)
back of be.yond /.'/ n [the] infml, especially BrE a very
distant place which is difficult to get to【非正式，尤英】遥远的
地方：天涯海角： They live on a farm somewhere atlin the back
of beyond.他们住在边远地区的一个农场里
世
back.pack1 /`baek,paek; 'baekpaek/ n especially AmE a RUCK-
SACK carried on one's back, often supported by a light metal
frame, used by climbers and walkers or for carrving a baby or
small child【尤美】〔指登山者、步行者使用或背小孩时使用的〕背
包，〔有轻金属框的〕箱形背包 - ~er n
backpack2 v [I] AmE to walk and camp overnight carrying a
backpack 【美】背着背包徒步旅行： They went backpacking along
the Appalachian Trail. 他们背着背包，沿着阿巴拉契亚小道徒
步旅行。
back pas·sage /· '·/ n euph for【婉】= RECTUM
back·ped·al /baek,padl; baek'pedl/v-ll-BrE【英】‖-I- AmE【美】
[I] 1 to PEDAL backwards on a bicycle 〔骑自行车时〕倒踩脚踏
板 2 infml to change an earlier principle or draw back from
some promised action【非正式】变卦，改变主意，出尔反尔，取消
诺言： They promised to cut taxes, but they're beginning to
backpedal now.他们曾答应减税，但现在开始变卦了
back.room boy /`baekrum boi; 'baekrum,boi/ n [often pl.常
用复数] infml, especially BrE a person whose work is impor
tant but who does not receive recognition from the public, of-
ten because they are working to support someone else【非正
式，尤英】幕后筹划者，从事秘密研究工作的人；智囊人物：Engi
neers are often seen as the backroom boys of British industry.
工程师通常被视为英国工业的智囊人物。
back seat //n 1 [C] a seat at the back of a car, behind
where the driver sits 汽车后座 2 [S] a less important position
次要的位置： After five years as a director, she's decided to
take a back seat.当了五年董事之后，她决定退居次要的位置。
back-seat dri-ver /· '·/ n a passenger in a motor vehicle who
gives unwanted advice to the driver about how to drive 对司机
指手画脚乱指挥的后座乘客：(fig.喻) Mrs Thatcher promised
0102
that she wouldn't be a back-seat driver in the House of Com-
mons.撒切尔夫人保证，她不会干涉下议院。
back.side /`baek, said; 'baeksaid/ n infml the part of the body on
which one sits【非正式】臀部，屁股 - compare 比较 BACK` (3)
back.slap.ping /`baek slaepin; 'baekslaepin/ n [U] (too much)
noisy cheerfulness, showing admiration for one's own success
(过分)喧闹的欢庆〔指庆幸自己的成功)：The cast indulged in
a great deal of backslapping when the show became an over-
night success.演出一夜之间取得成功，演员欣喜若狂，相互庆贺，
-per n
back.slide /`baek slaid; baek'slaid/ v [I] to become less good
work less hard etc, and especially to go back to a worse condi-
tion after some improvement 滑坡，倒退，退步；故态复萌：
managed to keep off cigarettes for two months, but recently
I'm afraid I've begun to backslide.我设法戒了两个月烟，但遗
憾的是最近我又开始抽起来了。- -slider n
back·space /`baek spes; 'baekspeis/ n [usually sing.一般用单
数] the part that one presses to make the movable part of a
TYPEWRITER move back one or more spaces towards the be
ginning of the line(打字机的)退格键
back.spin /`baekspin; 'baekspin/ n [U] turning movement given
to a ball in such a way that it turns in the opposite direction to
that in which it goes forward〔指球〕回旋，倒旋，下旋
back·stage /baek sted3;baek'steid3/ adv 1 behind the stage in
a theatre, especially in(to) the dressing rooms of the actors在
(戏院)后台，（尤指〕在演员化妆室：After the performance we
were invited backstage. 演出结束后我们被请到后台。2 in pri-
vate; not seen publicly; secretly 秘密地，背地里，在幕后： That's
what they say, but who knows what really goes on backstage?
他们是这样说的，但谁知道幕后情况是怎么一回事？-backstage
/`baek sted3; 'baeksteid3/ adj [A]: backstage workers 后台工
作人员
back.stairs /`baek sterz; 'baeksteez/ adj [A] secret and perhaps
unfair 秘密的，暗地里的；中伤的，不正当的：backstairs influence
暗中的影响力
back street /'· ·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a street away from
the main streets, especially in a poor area of a town 后街，陋
巷，偏僻街道 - compare 比较 SIDE STREET
back-street a.bor.tion /·/ also 又作 back-al.ley abor
tion AmE【美】/，· · ·'·/ -- n an ABORTION performed illegally
usually in poor, dirty conditions. People who are in favour of
legal abortions often argue that if abortions are made illegal
again, as they were in the past, there will be a return to back.
street abortions.〔在落后的条件下进行的〕非法人工流产〔赞成人
工流产合法化的人认为，如果再让人工流产成为非法，那么就会像
以前一样重新出现这种条件落后的非法人工流产〕
back-stroke /'baek strok; 'baekstreuk/ n [(the) S] a way of swim
ming on one's back by moving first one arm and then the other
backwards while kicking the feet 仰泳
back-swing /baekswin; baekswin/ n the movement of a CLUB.
BAT etc backwards to a position from which the forward or
downward swing is made〔球棍、球拍等的〕向后挥动
back talk /'· ·/ n [U] especially AmE for 【尤美】 = BACKCHAT
back-to-back /'/n BrE a house in a row (=TERRACE)
built with its back against the back of a house in a parallel row
This kind of house was once typical of industrial towns in the
north of England.【英】背靠背的房子〔这种房子在英格兰北部的
些工业城镇里曾一度非常典型〕
back.track /`'baek traek; 'baektraek/ v [I] 1 to go back over the
same path 走原路，由原路返回 2 to draw back from a former
position, promise etc: BACKPEDAL(2)改变主意，取消诺言，变
卦，出尔反尔： The government is already backtracking from
its more expensive plans. 政府业已开始撤回耗资较大的计划。
back·up /`baek,vp; 'baekvp/ n [C; U] a thing or person ready to
be used in place of or to help another 替代物；备用品；支援人
员，后备，后补，助手： We won't be able to do it unless we have
a lot of technical backup.此事要办成，非要有强大的技术后备
力量不可。| We have a backup computer in case the main
one breaks down.我们有一台备用的电脑，以防主机出故障。-
see also 另见 BACK4 up
back·ward /`baekwad; 'baekwed/ adj 1 [A] directed towards
the back, the beginning, or the past 向后的，倒向的；回顾的： a
backward glance向后一看 2 late in development(发展)落后
的；迟钝的，智力差的：a backward child 迟钝的孩子 」Some
backward parts of the country have no electricity.这个国家
的某些落后地区没有用上电。- compare 比较 FORWARD2
~ly adv - ~ness n [U]
back·ward·a·tion /，baekwa`defen;,baekwe'deifan/n [U] BrE
tech the money paid by someone selling STOCK for the right to
delay delivery until the following account【英，术语】延期交割
费〔指股票卖方因延期交割而付的钱〕- compare 比较 CON-
TANGO
backward-look-ing /'../ adj old-fashioned in your ideas or
methods, and having a negative attitude towards anything
modern〔思想、方式〕过时的，〔对现代事物〕态度消极的：Dean
Fitzer changed the backward-looking academy into an inter-
nationally famous art school.菲第尔院长把那所旧式学院改造
成了国际知名的艺术专科学校
*back·wards /`baekwodz; 'baekwedz/ also 又作 backward AmE
【美】- adv 1 towards the back, the beginning, or the past向
后地；倒退地；回顾地： I walked backwards down the stairs
carrying the heavy box. 我扛着重箱子，倒退着走下楼梯。| Can
you say the alphabet backwards? (=from Z to A) 你能倒背英
文字母表吗？ 2 with the back part in front 背向前地；倒，逆： to
walk backwards 后退着走 | You've put your hat on backwards
你把帽子前后戴反了。3 towards a worse state 每况愈下地，退
步地： The new measures are seen by some as a major step
backwards.某些人认为新措施是往后退了一大步。4 backwards
and forwards first in one direction and then in the opposite
direction 来回地，忽前忽后地 5 bend/lean over backwards to
try as hard as possible, especially to help or please someone拼
命；竭尽全力〔尤指在帮助或取悦某人时)： We bent over back
wards to help them. 我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。6 know some-
thing backwards BrE【英】 ‖ know something backwards
and forwards AmE【美】 to know something perfectly 了如指
掌，熟知： All the actors know the play backwards.所有演员对
这个剧本都熟识到可以倒背如流的地步。- compare 比较 FOR-
WARD1
back·wa·ter /`baek wote; 'baekwo:te/n 1 a part of a river out
of the main stream, where the water does not move 〔河流的)回
水，死水，滞水 2 often derog a place not influenced by outside
events or new ideas【常贬】不受外界事件或新思想影响的地方：
闭塞的地方： There aren't any good shops in this village --
it's a real backwater.这真是一个闭塞的村庄，连一家好的商店
也找不到。| a cultural backwater 文化闭塞[落后]的地区
back·woods /`baek`wudz; 'baekwudz/n [the+S+sing./pl.v]1
(especially in n america)uncleared land far away from towns
〔尤指北美的〕远离城镇的森林地带 2 a distant or backward area
落后的边远地区
back·woods·man /`baek`wudzmen: 'baekwudzmen/n-men
/-men; -men/ 1 someone who lives in the backwoods 林区[边
远地区]的居民 2 BrE infml a member of the House of Lords
who lives in the country and hardly ever attends its meetings
【英，非正式】蛰居乡下、难得参加会议的英国上议院议员
back·yard /`baek`igrd: baek'jg:d n 1 BrE a yard behind a
house, covered with a hard surface 【英】〔屋子后面铺了硬地面
的)后院 2 AmE an area of land behind a house, usually cov-
ered with grass; a back garden【美】〔常指有草皮的)后院；后花
园： The children are playing in the backyard. 孩子们正在后花
园玩耍。- see 参见 GARDEN 3 not in my backyard not in or
near the place where I live. This phrase is used when discuss-
ing new industrial buildings, prisons, or processes which are
thought to be harmful to the environment,不要建在我家附近
〔在讨论新的厂房、监狱或被认为对环境不利的生产工序等的时候
经常使用这个短语)：When it comes to setting up disposal sites
for nuclear waste, the reaction of most people is 'not in m
backvard!’一谈到修建核废料处理场的时候，大部分人的反应是
“不要建在我家附近！”- see also 另见 NIMBY
ba.con /`beken; 'beiken/ n [U] 1 salted or smoked meat from
the back or sides of a pig, often served in narrow thin pieces
Bacon and eggs, cooked together in fat, is thought of as being
the typical English breakfast.〔常指切成薄片的〕咸猪肉，熏猪肉
〔猪的背肋部分。熏肉煎蛋被认为是典型的英式早餐〕- compare
比较 GAMMON, HAM1(1); see 参见 MEAT (USAGE) 2 bring
home the bacon infml to succeed, especially in providing food
for one's family【非正式】维持一家生活，谋生；获得成功 - see
also 另见 save one's bacon (SAVE1)
Bacon, Francis (1909-1992) an Irish artist who is known for
painting people and animals in twisted shapes with dark, strong
colours 培根〔(1909-1992)，爱尔兰画家，以运用强烈的深色表现
变了形的人物和动物形象著称〕
Bacon, Sir Francis (1561-1626) an English politician, PHI
LOSOPHER, and writer. Some people believe that he wrote some
or all of Shakespeare's plays.培根〔(1561-1626)，英国的政治
家、哲学家和作家，有人认为莎士比亚的部分或全部戏剧出自他的
..
笔下
*bac·te·ri·a /baek`tirie; baek'tiarie/ n [P] sing.-rium /-riem;-riem
very small living things related to plants, some of which cause
disease; MICROBES 细菌 - compare 比较 VIRUS - -rial adj:
a bacterial infection 细菌感染
0103
bac.te.ri.ol.o.gy /`baek,tiri`aled3i; baek,trari'oled3i/ n [U] the
scientific study of bacteria 细菌学 --gist n
Bac.tri.an cam.el /baektrien `keml; baektrien 'kaemal/ adj a
type of CAMEL from Asia that has two HUMPs on its back〔产于
亚洲的〕双峰骆驼
not good; unpleasant, unwanted, or unacceptable坏的，不好
的；令人不快的；没人要的；不可接受的：a very bad performance
(=not of acceptable quality)一场很差劲的演出| The rain has
had a very bad(=unfavourable) effect on the crops.这场雨对
农作物有害。| You're a bad(=disobedient) boy!你是个（不听
话的)坏孩子！| bad(=unpleasant) news 坏消息 | The
company's failure was due to bad(=ineffective) management.
公司因经营不善而破产。| Play in the cricket match was
stopped because of bad light. (=because it was too dark)板球
赛因光线不好而停止进行。|bad(=incorrect) grammar 不正确
的语法|I'm rather bad at sums.(=can't do them very well)
我的算术很差。|He's in a bad temper.(=angry)他正在发脾
气。| I felt bad (=ashamed or sorry) about not being able to
come last night. 我昨晚不能来感到很抱歉。| It was bad of him
(=dishonourable) to change his mind once he had given his
promise.他这人不诚实，答应了的事又改变了主意。| He made
a very bad job of repairing it. 他修理得很糟。| The situation
is nothing like as bad/nowhere near as bad (=much less bad)
as the newspapers say it is. 形势并不像报纸说的那样糟。2 un-
healthy or unwell 不健康的，有病的，不舒服的： She's got a bad
heart.她有心脏病。| My leg's bad again.(=is hurting)我的腿
又痛了。| (infml 非正式) He was taken bad(=became ill) in
the middle of the night.他在半夜里发病。3 [(for)] having a
harmful effect on one's health; damaging〔对健康)有害的，有
损害的：bad eating habits 有害健康的饮食习惯|Smoking is
bad for youlbad for your health.吸烟对你[你的健康]有害。4
serious; severe 严重的，剧烈的，厉害的： a bad cold 重伤风| a
bad defeat 惨败 | a bad case of measles 患麻疹的重病例 5
unfit to eat because of decay; ROTTEN 腐烂的，腐败的，已变质
不能吃的：bad apples 烂苹果| This fish has gone bad.这条鱼
已变质了。6 not suitable;INOPPORTUNE不适当的；不合时宜的：
The rise in interest rates happened at the worst possible time
for the company.对这家公司来说利率的提高出现在最不适当的
时刻。|[+to-v] It was a bad moment to call because they
were in the middle of an argument. 这次登门造访去的真不是
时候，因为他们正在吵架。7AmE slang good【美俚】好的8(act)
in bad faith (to act) dishonestly; without intending to carry
out a promise存心不良地，居心叵测地，背信弃义地；欺诈地9
bad lot/egg/hat/type old-fash a person of dishonourable char-
acter【过时】坏人，坏蛋，坏家伙 10 go from bad to worse to
get much worse even than before 越来越坏，每况愈下11 have/
get a bad name to lose or have lost people's respect; have/get
a bad REPUTATION 失去信誉，名声不好： Those cars have be-
gun to get a bad name for rust.这些汽车因容易生锈而开始失
去信誉。12 in a bad way very ill or in serious trouble 病情严
重；处于困境 13(it's/that's) too bad infml【非正式】 a it is un-
fertunate(that); I'm sorry 太不幸了，太可惜了，真遗憾：Too bad
you couldn't come last night.真可惜，你昨晚没能来。b BrE it
is very annoying or unreasonable【英】很烦人，很讨厌；没有道
理，不合理： They can't just double the price like that - it's
too bad!他们可不能就这样加价一倍——真不像话！14 not bad
infml (often used when a stronger expression of pleasure or
approval is really meant) really rather good【非正式】挺好的，
确实不错〔通常用来表示语气较强的赞誉或赞同)：“How are you
feeling?”“Not(so)bad.”“你感觉如何？”“还不错。”|This cake
isn't bad. 这蛋糕不错。| That's not a bad idea! 那主意不坏
呀！ - see also 另见 BADLY, make the best of a bad job (JOB)
- ~ness n [U]
bad2n 1 go to the bad to begin living in a wrong or evil way开
始学坏，堕落： He's gone to the bad since he won all that money.
自从他赢了那笔钱之后，就开始学坏了。2 take the bad with the
good to accept not only the good things but also the bad things
in life 备尝人生之苦与乐；既能享乐，又能吃苦 3 to the bad in
debt by (an amount)负债： I've spent so much that I'm ￡100 to
the bad this month.我花了这么多钱，以致本月负债100英镑。
bad blood// also 又作 bad feel·ing /.·/-n [U (between)]
angry or bitter feeling; HOSTILITY 恶感，敌对情绪，仇恨：I don't
think they'll ever work together again -there's too much
bad blood between them.我看他们不会再一起工作了—他们
之间的怨恨太深。
bad debt/,/n a debt that is unlikely to be paid呆账，倒账，坏
账
bad-die, bad·dy /^baedi; 'baedi/ BrE【英】‖bad guy AmE【美】-
n someone who is bad or an opponent of good people, espe-
cially in books, films etc〔小说、电影等中的)坏蛋：He's a real
baddie. 他是个大坏蛋。| Look out, the baddies are coming!
当心，坏蛋来了！
bade /baed; baed/ past tense and participle of BID3
Ba-den-Po.well/ bedn `poel; beidn 'peuel/, Lord Rob.ert
/rabat;'robet/(1857-1941) a British army officer who is
known for starting the SCOUT organizations such as the Scouts
and the Guides 巴登-鲍威尔〔(1857-1941)，英国军官，以创建
童子军组织而闻名〕
bad form/'/ n [U] BrE old-fash socially unacceptable
behaviour【英，过时】不成体统的行为，有失礼节的行为：It'sbad
form to argue with the umpire.同裁判员争论有失风度。
badge /baed3; baed3/ n 1 BrE【英】‖button, pin, patch AmE
【美】anything, especially a small piece of metal or plastic with
a picture or words on it, worn to show rank, membership of a
group, support for a political idea or belief etc徽章，像章，证
章；标记，象征： They were wearing badges that said 'Nuclear
Power-No thanks!'.他们佩戴着印有“核武器——见鬼去吧！”
字样的徽章。| a school blazer with a badge sewn on it 缝着徽
章的学校制服 | Mayors wear chains round their necks as
badges of office.市长戴着象征职位的项链。- compare 比较
BROOCH; see also另见 BUTTON1(3)2 AmE a small piece of
metal with words or pictures on it which shows authority【美】
〔印有文字或图案表示权力的金属〕徽章：a sheriffs badge郡长
的徽章 | He had to show me his badge before I would believe
he was from the F.B.I.他要出示徽章，我才相信他是联邦调查
局的。3 a small piece of cloth with a picture on it given to
SCOUTS, GUIDES etc when they have done certain things to earn
it〔绘有图案，授予童子军的)布制徽章：I got my photography
and music badges today.今天我得了摄影和音乐徽章。
bad·ger1/`baed3;'baed3e/n1
[C] an animal which has black
badger 獾
and white fur, lives in holes in
the ground, and is active at night
獾，穴熊 2 [U] the skin or hair
of this animal 獾皮，獾毛
badger2v [T (into)] to (try to)
persuade by asking again and
again;PESTER纠缠不休，烦扰，
吵着要：The children badgered
me into taking them to the
cinema.孩子吵着要我带他们去
看电影。|[+obj+to-v] They kept
badgering him to get a home
computer.他们一直纠缠着要他买一台家用电脑。
bad guy/'/ n AmE infml BADDIE【美，非正式】坏蛋
bad hair day// n [S] infml a day when you cannot make
your hair look attractive and you therefore feel annoyed and
ugly. It can also be used to mean a day when everything seems
to go wrong for you.【非正式】〔因头发无法梳理整齐而导致〕闷
闷不乐的一天；倒霉的一天
bad.i·nage /baednid3; 'baedina:3/ n [U] fml or humor playful
joking talk;BANTER【正式或幽】开玩笑，打趣；嘲弄，揶揄：Enough
of this badinage: let's talk seriously.玩笑开够了，我们谈正经
事吧。
bad·lands /`baed laendz; 'baedlaendz/ n [P] (in N America) an
area of unproductive land with strangely shaped rocks and hills
that have been worn away by the weather(北美的)荒原，怪石
嶙峋的不毛之地
Badlands, the n [P] an area of land in the US, between the
southwest of South Dakota and the northwest of Nebraska,
where no crops can grow and there are strangely shaped rocks
and hills巴德兰兹〔位于美国南达科他州西南部与内布拉斯加西
北部之间的地区，那里五谷不生，怪石嶙峋〕
bad lan.guage /，'./ n [U] language which includes swear
words and is likely to offend people 诅咒，骂人的脏话：You
won't like that film, it's got a lot of bad language in it.那部电
影你不会喜欢的，里面有很多脏话。|Stop using bad language
in front of the children.在孩子面前不要说脏话。
bad·ly/`baedli; 'baedli/ adv worse /w3s; w3:s/, worst /w3st;
w3:st/ 1 in a bad manner 坏，差，不好，拙劣地：badly made
clothes 缝制得很不好的衣服|to play badly 演奏得很差 |The
company had been badly managed.这家公司管理不善。| He
felt very badly(=was very sorry) about not being able to give
more help.他为不能提供更多的帮助而感到难过。- opposite
反义词 well 2 to a great or serious degree 大大地，严重地，厉害
地，非常：My horse was badly beaten in the race.我的马在比
赛中惨败。 badly wounded 重伤| It badly needs repainting.
它急需重新上漆。|He's badly in need of a haircut.他急需理
发。| The north of the country is the most badly affected areal
0104
the worst-affected area.这国家的北部是受影响最严重的地区，
badly-off /. '/ also 又作 bad-off AmE【美】 - adj worse-off
worst-off [F] 1 not having much money; poor 缺钱的，贫穷
的，景况不好的； They're too badly-off to have a holiday. 他们
太穷，不能去度假。2 [(for)] not having enough (of something
needed); lacking （感到） 不足的，缺乏·的： The school is rather
badly-off for equipment.学校相当缺乏设备。-opposite反义
词 well-off
bad.min.ton /`baedminten: 'baedminten/ n [U] a game like ten
nis played by two or four people who hit a small feathered
object (SHUTTLECOCK) over a high net with a RACKET 羽毛球
Badminton Horse Tri.als, the /.../ an important British
horseriding competition held every year at Badminton House
in SW England 巴德明顿马术大赛〔英国重要马术比赛，每年在
英格兰西南部的巴德明顿赛场举行〕
bad-mouth /'/v [T] slang, especially AmE to speak badly
of: criticize 【俚，尤美】说··坏话：谩骂：严厉批评：He was bad
mouthing the way the company was run and the boss over
heard him.他正在说公司经营方式的不是，碰巧被老板听到了。
bad-off /. '·/ adi AmE for【美】= BADLY-OFF
bad pen·ny /../ n infml【非正式】1 a person or thing that is
not liked or wanted but is difficult to avoid 不受欢迎却又难以
避开的人或物2 turn up like a bad penny(of a person or thing
not liked or wanted) to appear continually〔指不受欢迎的人)
经常出现： My ex-boyfriend turns up like a bad penny every
time I go out.我每次出门，我的前任男友都会像幽灵一样出现
oad-tem-pered /./ adj having a bad or angry state of mind
心境恶劣的：脾气不好的：He's a bit bad-tempered now; he's
just woken up. 他刚刚睡醒，现在脾气有点不好。- see also 另
见ANGRY(USAGE)
Bae.dek·er /`bedike; 'beidike'/ trademark a type of book pro-
viding information for tourists visiting a particular country
originally produced in the 19th century by Karl Baedeker. These
books give information about the country's history and about
the famous buildings and other places to visit there.【商标】《贝
德克尔旅游指南》〔最初由贝德克尔公司于19世纪出版，为旅游人
士介绍他国的历史、著名建筑及其他名胜)：Can I borrow your
Baedeker for France?能向你借一本《贝德克尔旅游指南·法国》
吗？| Look it up in Baedeker.请查阅《贝德克尔旅游指南》
Ba.ez /baiz; 'baiez/, Joan (1941-)a US FOLK singer popu-
lar especially in the 1960s when she opposed the Vietnam War
and supported the CIVIL RIGHTS movement in the US. She is
known especially for the song We Shall Overcome which is
still sung on protest marches and at political meetings.贝兹
〔(1941-)，美国民歌歌手，在20世纪60年代红极一时，那时候
她反对越南战争，支持美国民权运动。尤以歌曲《我们必胜》闻名，
这首歌在一些示威游行以及政治集会上仍有人歌唱
baf.fle' /`baef]; 'baefal/ v [T] to cause to have difficulty in un-
derstanding and confuse so much that effective action is im-
possible; BEWILDER 使困惑，使为难，使迷惑，难倒：The ques
tion baffled me completely.这个问题把我彻底难倒了。[ The
police admitted that they were completely baffled (by the lack
of evidence).警察承认，他们（因缺乏证据）束手无策。-~ment
n [U] --fling adj
baffle2n tech a board, sheet of metal etc that controls the flow
of air, water, or sound into or out of an enclosed space【术语)
〔控制空气、水流或声音进出的〕隔板；折流板；隔音板
BAFTA /'baefte: 'baefte/ n a prize given each year by the British
Academy of Films and Television Arts for the best films, tele-
vision programmes, actors etc〔英国的)电影与电视艺术奖：He
film won two BAFTAs.她的影片获得两项电影与电视艺术奖。
the BAFTA award ceremony 电影与电视艺术奖颁奖仪式 -
compare 比较 OSCAR
*bag1 /baeg; baeg/ n 1 a a container made of soft material which
usually opens at the top 袋，包，囊： a shopping bag 购物袋 | d
golf bag 装高尔夫球棒的袋子 」 a paper/polythene bag 纸袋
(聚乙烯)塑胶袋 b a small bag used especially by a woman for
her personal things; HANDBAG〔女用的〕手提袋，手提包： Don't
eave your bag in the office when you go to lunch.你去吃中饭
时别把手提袋留在办公室里。c a bag used by someone travelling;
piece of LUGGAGE 旅行袋；一件行李： to pack one's bags 收拾
行李2 [(of)] also又作 bag·ful /-ful;-fol/(pl. bagfuls,bagsful)
- the amount a bag will hold一袋的量，一（满）袋： a bag of
sweets 一袋糖果 」 two bags of rice 两袋大米 3 derog an un-
pleasant or unattractive woman; BAGGAGE (4)【贬】丑女人；无
吸引力的女子；丑老太婆；坏女人；妓女：You silly old bag!你这
愚蠢的丑老太婆！4 [usually sing.一般用单数] the number of
birds or animals shot or caught on any one occasion〔一次打猎
所获的)猎获物： We had a good bag that day.那天我们猎获甚
丰。5 bag and baggage with all one's belongings 连同全部财
物，带着全部家当： They threw her out of the house bag and
baggage.他们把她连人带东西撵出了房子。6 bag of bones a
very thin person or animal 骨瘦如柴的人或动物 7 in the bag
infml certain to be won, gained etc【非正式】有十分把握的，十
拿九稳的，稳操胜券的： We're sure to win. The match is in the
bag.我们肯定能赢，这场比赛已稳操胜券。8 one's bag infml
something one particularly likes, is good at, or has special
knowledge about【非正式】特别爱好的东西；最擅长之事；精通的
事物： I'm afraid I can't tell you anything about it -- comput-
ers aren't really my bag. 真抱歉，我对此无可奉告 ——电脑其
实并非我之所长。9 pull something out of the bag to succeed
by making an effort at a late stage 作最后的努力而取得成功，
拼搏成功：使出最后一招： He was exhausted but still managed
to pull something out of the bag to win the race.他已筋疲力
尽，但仍作最后拼搏赢了这场比赛。- see also另见 BAGS,MIXED
BAG, SLEEPING BAG, let the cat out of the bag (CAT), be lef
holding the bag (HOLD1)
bag2 v-gg- 1 [T] to put (material or objects in large quantities)
into a bag or bags 把〔大量物品〕装进袋 [包] 里 2 [T] to kill or
catch (animals or birds)捕杀〔兽或鸟)，猎捕： We bagged
rabbit, 我们捕获了一只野兔。3 [T] infml to take possession of
【非正式】占有；私自取去： Try to bag a couple of seats at the
back for us.设法为我们在后排抢占两个座位。4 [I (OUT)] infm
to hang loosely, like a bag【非正式】〔像囊袋一样地〕松散下垂；
鼓胀：His trousers bagged (out) at the knees.他的裤子在膝部
鼓了出来
bag.a.telle /baege`tal;,baege'tel/ n 1 [U] a game played on a
board with holes in which balls must be put九穴桌球戏〔一种
在有洞的台球桌上玩的弹子游戏]2 [S] something considered to
be small and unimportant; TRIFLE小事，琐事： It cost about ￡25，
a mere bagatelle for someone as rich as her.它约值25英镑.
对她这样有钱的人来说只是区区之数，不足挂齿
ba.gel /`begl; 'beigal/ n a ring-shaped bread ROLL, typical of
Jewish cooking〔一种典型犹太式的〕面包圈
bag.gage /`baegid3; 'baegid3/ n 1 [U] especially AmE the cases,
bags, boxes etc of a traveller; LUGGAGE 【尤美】行李： to see one':
baggage through customs at the airport 在机场办理行李过关
的手续 」 a baggage check 行李检查 2 [U] the tents, beds, and
other equipment of an army 军用行装，辎重 3 [C] old-fash
humor a good-for-nothing young woman; MINX【过时，幽】荡
妇，淫妇，轻佻女子，野丫头4 [C] infml an unpleasant or an
noying old woman 【非正式】惹人讨厌的老太婆 -- see also 另
见 bag and baggage (BAG1(5))
baggage car /'·/ n AmE for【美】= LUGGAGE VAN
baggage room /'··/ n AmE for【美】= LEFT LUGGAGE OFFICE
Bag.gie /`begi; 'baegi/ AmE trademark a type of small clear
plastic bag used especially for carrying food such as SAND-
WICHes【美，商标】“袋袋”牌食品袋
Bag.gins /baeginz; 'baegnz/, Bil.bo /'bilbo; 'bilbeu/ an imagi-
nary creature called a HOBBIT who is the main character in the
children's story The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien 巴根斯〔一个被
称作穴居矮人的虚构生物，J.R.R.托尔金所著儿童故事《穴居矮
人》中的主人公〕
bag·gy /baegi: 'baegi/ adj infml hanging in loose folds; not tight
【非正式】宽松下垂的，膨胀如袋的：His trousers were baggy at
the knees. 他裤子膝部鼓了出来
Bagh.dad /baegdaed; baeg'daed/ the capital city of IRAQ巴格达
〔伊拉克首都〕
bag la.dy /'./ n a homeless woman who walks around carry.
ing all her possessions with her; female TRAMP 露宿街头的无
家可归的女人，女流浪者
bag·pipes /`baeg paips; 'baegpaips/ also 又作 pipes infm/【非正
式】- n [(the)P] a musical instrument played especially in
Scotland in which air stored in a bag is forced out through
pipes to produce the sound 〔苏格兰的)风笛： to play the bag
pipes 吹风笛 - bagpipe adj [A]: bagpipe music 风笛乐曲
bags' /baegz; baegz/ n [P+of] infml, especially BrE【非正式，尤
英】1 lots; plenty 大量；许多： She's got bags of money! 她有的
是钱！| We've got bags of time.我们有很多时间。2 pack your
bags to leave a place or a situation where you do not want to
stay 〔因不喜欢某地或某个环境而〕离去： If Joe were to pack his
bags and walk out, what would you do?如果乔理好行装走出
房门，你怎么办？ 」 She works in a job for six months, then she
packs her bags and goes off skiing or sailing,她一连工作了六
个月，然后打点行装，准备去滑雪或参加帆船运动。3 used in or-
der to tell someone to leave a place or situation 离开〔让某人离
开时所说的话)： To those who disagree with this policy we
say, start packing your bags, there's the door.谁不同意我们
所说的政策，就卷铺盖走吧，门就在那儿。| Helen thought man
agement would tell her to pack her bags, but instead they
0105
offered her a new contract, leaving her time to work on her
own project.海伦原以为管理层会叫她离开，但却得到一份新合
同，为她留出时间完成自己的项目。
bags2n [P] BrE old-fash trousers, especially loose-fitting
trousers【英，过时】〔尤指宽松的〕长裤子
bags3 interj BrE slang 【英俚】 Bags I!(used by children 儿语)
a Let me have it, not you. 给我，不给你！： Bags I the biggest
one! 最大的一个该是我的！ b I'll do it, not you 我来干，不用你：
Bags I sleep in the bathroom! 我来睡在浴室里！
ba.guette /bae`gt; bae'get/ n
a long thin French loaf 法式
长棍面包
bah /ba; ba:/ interj (used to
show disapproval or a low
opinion of someone or some-
thing)呸！〔用于对某人或某
事表示不赞同或轻蔑〕
Ba.ha'i /be`hai; be'hai/ n a
member of the Baha'i Faith
巴哈教派信徒
Ba.ha'i Faith, the /be har
`fe0; be hai'fei0/ n a religion
based on the belief that
people should be peaceful and kind, and should accept the fact
that other people belong to different races or religions巴哈教
派〔他们的信仰是人们应该和睦向善，接受存在不同种族、不同宗
教这个事实〕
Ba.ha·mas, the /be`hamez; be'ha:mez/ a country consisting
of a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, SE of Florida. It is
a popular place for tourists because of the warm weather and
good beaches. Population: 276,000 (1995). Capital: Nassau.
巴哈马〔大西洋岛国，位于佛罗里达东南面，因气候温和、沙滩美丽
而成为旅游胜地。人口：276,000(1995)，首都：拿骚
Ba.ha.sa /be`hase; be'ha:se/ n [U] Bahasa Indonesia/Bahasa
Malay the official language of Indonesia, or the official lan-
guage of Malaysia 印度尼西亚语；马来语
Bah-rain, Bahrein /ba`ren; ba:'rein/ a country consisting of a
group of islands in the Gulf, near the coast of Saudi Arabia
and known for producing oil. Population: 568,000 (1995).
Capital: Manama.巴林〔波斯湾一岛国，临近沙特阿拉伯海岸，以
生产石油闻名。人口：568,000(1995)，首都：麦纳麦)
bail'/bel; beil/ n [U] 1 money left with a court of law so that a
prisoner can be set free until he/she is tried. If the prisoner
returns to be tried, the money is returned.保释金〔如果犯人回
庭受审，保释金会归还)：She was released on bail of f5000
她交纳5000英镑保释金后获释候审。| The judge refused to
grant him bail (=to allow him to be set free in this way)法官
不准许他保释。2 stand/put up/go bail for someone to pay
money so that someone can be set free in this way 为某人提供
保释金；保释某人；为某人做保释人3 jump bail to not come
back for trial after bail has been paid保释后逃之夭夭
bail2v
bail out phr v 1 [T] (bail sbdy. out) to obtain freedom for
(someone)by paying bail to make sure they appear in court at
a future date〔交保释金〕把（某人）保释出来〔保证其将来出庭应
讯)： Clark was charged with robbing the bank, so his family
paid ￡500 to bail him out.克拉克被控抢劫银行，所以他的家人
交了500英镑保释他出来。2 [I;T] (=bail sthg. ← out) also 又
作 bale out BrE【英】 - to remove water from (a boat)从（船）
中舀出水： When the storm rose on the lake, we had to bail out
to reach the shore safely. 当湖面起风暴时，我们不得不舀出船
中的水以便安全靠岸。3 [T](bail sbdy./sthg.  out) to help
(especially a business) out of difficulties by providing money
〔提供经费〕帮助〔某人、某公司)摆脱困境： The government can't
expect the taxpayer to bail this company out indefinitely.政
府不能指望纳税人无限期地帮助这家公司摆脱困境。- see also
另见 BAIL-OUT 4 [I] a AmE for【美】= BALE out (1) b AmE
slang to leave quickly, especially because of danger of fear
【美俚】〔尤因危险或恐惧〕快速逃离： When we heard that weird
moan, we bailed out of there as fast as we could.听到那一声
古怪的呻吟，我们就拼命地逃走了
bail3n (in cricket) either of two small pieces of wood laid on
top of the STUMPS〔板球〕三柱门上的横木
bai·ley /`belr; 'beili/ n an open area (COURTYARD) inside the
outer wall of a castle 城郭内之庭院，城堡外庭
Bailey, David (1938- ) a British photographer, known espe-
cially for his photos of fashionable people in the 1960s 贝利
〔(1938-)，英国摄影家，尤以拍摄20世纪60年代的时髦人物著
称〕
Bai·ley's/`beliz; 'beiliz/ Bailey's Irish Cream /·· '/ trade-
mark a type of sweet alcoholic drink made of Irish WHISKEY
mixed with cream【商标】“百利”甜酒〔混合爱尔兰威士忌和奶油
的一种酒〕
bail hos.tel/'./n a place in Britain with unpaid managers.
which provides temporary housing and support for people on
PROBATION or BAIL 保释宿舍〔在英国，为缓刑或保释人员提供暂
时住宿之所，其管理人员没有工资〕 - compare 比较 PROBATION
HOSTEL
bai-liff/`belif; 'beilif/ n 1 (in British law) an official who takes
possession of a person's goods or property when they owe
baguette 法式长棍面包
money, especially for their rent〔英国法律〕〔查封财产或货物的)
查封官；执达吏 2(in US law)an official who watches prison-
e
ers and keeps order in a court of law 〔美国法律〕 〔在法庭上看管
犯人、维持秩序的〕法警，庭吏3 BrE a person who looks after a
farm or land for the owner 【英】农场主或地主的管家：农场管理人
bail-out/' / n help given, especially financially, to a company
which is in difficulty〔公司所受的〕紧急援助〔尤指财政援助〕：
The director was hoping for a bail-out to save the company.
董事希望靠紧急援助来挽救公司。
bain ma.rie /baen me`ri; baen me'ri:/n a piece of equipment
for cooking food gently or melting it, consisting of a pan that
fits on top of a similar pan that has boiling water in it; DOUBLE
BOILER双层蒸锅
Baird/berd; beed/, John Lo.gie/d3an `logr; d3pn 'leugi/(1888-
1946) a Scottish engineer who invented a television system
尔德〔(1888-1946)，苏格兰工程师，发明了电视播放系统
bairn /bern; been/ n ScotE & N EngE a child【苏格兰和英格兰
北部】孩子
bait'/bet; beit/ n [S; U] 1 food or something like food used to
attract fish, animals, or birds which are then caught〔钓鱼、猎
兽、捕鸟用的〕饵，诱饵：fishing bait 钓饵 |(fig.喻) The shop
used free gifts as a bait to attract new customers.商店用赠品
作诱饵招徕新顾客。| (fig. 喻) She made some nasty remarks
about his lack of experience, but he didn't rise to the bait
(=he refused to get angry)她讲了一些恶毒的话批评他缺乏经
验，但他没有上当发火。2 take the bait to do what someone
wants, and accept something that they are offering to you if
you do it 接受条件〔按对方意图)去做： Several companies took
te bait, and shiftec their headauarters to the town,几家公司
接受了条件，将总部搬到镇上。| The newspapers took the bait
and published the story, giving Billings the publicity she
wanted.报界接受条件出版了该故事，给予比林斯想要得到的宣
传。3 to react to what someone is saying in exactly the way
that they want you to 心领神会地〔按对方说的〕去做： He was
suggesting that Juan might have been mistaken,but he didn't
take the bait.他暗示也许胡安错了,但他仍未明白。| “But my
sister's so pretty..” she said. \"You're as attractive as your
sister,” he said, taking the bait at once.“但我姐姐很漂亮啊··”
她说。“你和她一样迷人。”他立刻会意地接过话头。
bait2v [T] 1 [(with)] to put bait on (a hook) to catch fish, or in
(a trap)to catch animals〔在鱼钩或捕兽器上)装饵：to bait a
mousetrap with cheese 在捕鼠器上放上干酪作诱饵 2 to try in-
tentionally to make (someone) angry; TORMENT 故意激怒〔某
人)；使··受苦： At school they baited him mercilessly because
of his strange clothes.在学校里他们因他的奇装异服而无情地
捉弄他。
baize/bez; beiz/ n [U] thick woollen cloth, usually green, used
especially to cover tables on which certain games (e.g. BIL-
LIARDS)are played 桌面呢<通常为绿色，如铺于台球桌上的毛呢>
Ba.ja Cal·i-for.ni.a/baha kaeli`fonie; ba:ha: kael'fo:nie/ Baja
a PENINSULA (=long thin piece of land) in Mexico that is con-
nected to southern California and goes into the Pacific Ocean.
Baja California is a popular place for tourists.下加利福尼亚
〔墨西哥一半岛，与加利福尼亚南部接壤并伸向太平洋，为旅游胜
地〕
*bake /bek; beik/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) cook using dry heat in
an OVEN 烘，烤，焙： to bake bread 烘面包 | The bread is baking
面包正在烘制中。| baked potatoes in their jackets (=with the
skin on) 连皮烤的马铃薯 - see 参见 COOK (USAGE) 2 [I; T]
to (cause to) become hard by heating 烘干，烧硬： In former
times, bricks were baked in the sun.古时，砖块是放在太阳下
晒干的。3 [I] infml to be or become uncomfortably hot 【非正
式】感到或变得很热： Open a window - I'm baking! 打开窗
户 ——我快热死了！| It's baking in here! 这里真是热死人了！
- see also  HALF-BAKED
baked A·las.ka / ··/ n [C; U] a sweet dish consisting of ice
cream covered with MERINGUE, which is baked at a high tem-
perature for a short time火烧冰淇淋，焗雪山〔一种甜食，将冰淇
淋用蛋白酥包裹，食用前以高温烘烤一会儿〕
baked beans/ '/ n [P] 1 in Britain, baked HARICOT BEANS
0106
(=a kind of white bean) in a TOMATO SAUCE, sold in tins. Baked
beans are a favourite food of many children in Britain.烘豆
〔在英国，加番茄酱的烘焙扁豆装在罐头内出售，是许多英国儿童
喜爱的食品)2 also 又作 Boston baked beans AmE in the US.
beans cooked with PORK and brown sugar【美】〔在美国，扁豆
加猪肉、红糖烹制的〕烘豆
Ba-ke·lite /bekelait; 'beikelait/ trademark a type of plastic that
was used especially in the 1930s -1950s to make things such as
telephones and radios【商标】“贝克来特”合成树脂，酚醛电木〔尤
其在20世纪30至50年代用于制造电话机、收音机外壳等〕
bak.er /`beka; 'beike/ n a person who bakes bread and cakes.
especially in order to sell them in a shop(baker's)面包师，制
糕饼的人： I bought these buns at the baker's (shop),我在面包
店买了这些小甜圆面包。
Baker day /'./ n infml (in Britain) one of a number of days
during the usual school year when teachers receive training
and children do not attend school【非正式】〔英国的〕教师进修
日〔指学年中教师接受培训，学生无需上课的一段时间中任何一
天〕
baker's doz·en /，· '·/ n [S] old-fash 13【过时】一打加一，十三
Baker Street /'. / a street in London where the DETECTIVE
Sherlock HOLMES lived in the stories about him by Arthur
CONAN DOYLE贝克街〔伦敦一街名，阿瑟·柯南·道尔笔下侦探福
尔摩斯居住的地方〕
bak.er.y /bekeri; 'beikeri/ n a place where bread and some.
times cakes are baked and/or sold 面包[糕饼]烘房；面包[糕饼]
店
bake sale /'/ n AmE an occasion when the members of a
school, church organization etc sell sweet foods that they have
baked in order to earn money for the organization【美】甜点义
卖会〔指学校、教会等组织成员出售自制的甜点为组织筹集资金)
bak-ing pow.der /'·，·/ n [U] a powder used in baking cakes
etc to make them light 焙烤粉，发（酵）粉
baking sheet /'· ·/ n AmE a flat metal pan used for baking
BISCUITS【美】〔烘烤小甜饼用的一种金属〕平底锅
baking so·da /'·，·/ n [U] BICARBONATE 小苏打，碳酸氢钠
baking tray /'·/ n [C] a flat piece of metal that you bake food
on烤盘
Bak-ke Case, the /`baki kes; 'ba:ki keis/ a legal case in which
the US Supreme Court decided in 1978 that a university can
not refuse a student if the only reason is that the university
wants to accept another student of a different race巴基案〔1978
年美国最高法院案例，判决大学不能仅仅为了录取其他种族的一名
学生而拒收另一名学生〕
Bak.ker /`beka; 'beike/ Jim /d3im; d3im/ a Christian leader
in the US who had a popular religious television programme with
his wife, Tammy, until he was accused of having sex with an-
other woman and stealing money that people had sent for his
church. He publicly admitted these things on TV.巴克〔美国基
督教领袖，在被控与另一名女子发生关系及挪用民众为教堂捐赠的
款项之前，和妻子塔米共同主持一个受欢迎的宗教电视节目。他在
电视上公开承认这些事情〕- see also 另见 TELEVANGELIST
ba·kla·va /`bakleyg: 'ba:kleyg:/ n [U] a sweet food from the
Middle East made from FILO PASTRY, nuts, and HONEY or SYRUP.
Baklava is usually TRIANGLE-shaped.蜜糖果仁千层酥〔一种中
东甜食，常制成三角形状〕
bal.a.cla.va /，baele`klave;,baele'kla:ve/n a warm woollen head
covering that leaves the face free but covers the head, ears
and neck 大绒帽〔只露面孔而把头、耳、颈均盖住的羊毛帽〕
bal.a.lai.ka /，baele`laike; ，baele'laike/ n a stringed musical in
strument with a three-sided body, played especially in Russia
巴拉莱卡琴〔尤指俄国三角形的三弦琴〕
bal-ance1 /`baelens; 'baelens/ n 1 [S; U] a state in which all
weights and forces are evenly spread, so as to produce a con-
dition of steadiness; EQUILIBRIUM 平衡，均衡；调和： I found it
hard to keep my balance on the icy path.我发现在结冰的路
面上走时很难保持身体平衡。| He lost his balance and fell of
his bicycle.他失去平衡，从自行车上跌了下来。2 [S;U] a state
in which opposite or competing influences are evenly matched
or are given equal importance 均势： We try to strike a bal-
ance between justice and mercy. 我们设法做到宽严并济，恩威
兼施。| a new weapon that may upset the nuclear balance
between the two superpowers 可能打破两个超级大国之间核均
势的一种新式武器」good reporting that covers the news with
fairness and balance 公正的、不偏不倚的新闻报道 - opposite
反义词 imbalance 3 [U] steadiness of the mind or feelings〔思
想或情绪的)稳定，镇定、沉着：She temporarily lost her balance
during the long months of solitude.在与外界隔绝的漫长岁月
中，她一度失去了心态的平衡。4[C(to)] a force or influence
on one side which equals a force or influence on the other;
COUNTERBALANCE 平衡力；制衡作用；抵消因素： They work well
together - her steadiness acts as a balance to his clever but
often impractical ideas.他们共事合作得很好，她的稳健沉着对
他那巧妙但往往不切实际的想法起了制衡作用。5[the] the weight.
force, or amount that is more on one side than another 〔重量、
力量或数量的)偏重： The balance of evidence lies against her.
总的说来，证据偏向于对她不利。6[C] an instrument for weigh-
ing things by seeing whether the amounts in two hanging pans
are equal 天平，秤 7 [C] an amount that remains or is left over
余数，余额，差额；结余：My bank balance isn't very large. (=I
haven't got much money in the bank)我银行存款（的结余）不
多。| I'd like to take the balance of my holidays (=the part I
have not yet taken) in September.我想在9月份用完我剩下的
假期。8 in the balance in a state of uncertainty 悬而未决；犹
豫： The future of the nation is/hangs in the balance.国家的前
途安危未卜。9 on balance when everything has been consid-
ered; taking everything into consideration 全面考虑之后，权衡
一切的结果，总的说来： I think on balance I prefer the old sys-
tem.总的说来，我觉得自己更喜欢旧体制。10throw someone
off balance to make someone confused or less confident by
surprising them 使某人惊惶迷惑： Don't let unexpected ques-
tions throw you off balance in the interview.面试时别被突如
其来的问题弄糊涂了。| Her sudden change of plan threw me
off balance for a minute, and I didn't know what to say.她的
计划转变得那么突然，我一时迷惑了，不知说什么好。11 tip/
swing the balance to have an effect on a decision that is being
made, or on the final result of a situation 左右正在作出的决定
影响事态的结果： His address to the conference was the speech
that tipped the balance for many voters.他在大会上的演说影
响了众多选民。| The new law has swung the balance in favour
of home buyers, and away from renters. 新的法规由对租房者
有利转变为对购房者有利。
*balance2 v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) be steady and keep in BAL.
ANCE' (1)， especially in a difficult position 〔尤指处境困难时)
(使)保持平衡，（使）平稳：The dog balanced a ball on its nose.
狗用鼻子顶着球，使其保持平衡。」 When you learn to ride a
bicycle you must learr to balance,你学骑自行车时必须学会
保持平衡。2 [I; T (OUT)] to (cause to) have or be given equal
weight, amount, importance, or influence to (something else/
each other)(使)〔重量、数量、重要性或影响等〕均衡，相抵，相等：
The weight here balances the weight there.这边的重量与那
边的重量相等。| The company's accounts did not balance
(out). (=did not show money spent to be equal to money re-
ceived)这家公司的收支不平衡。| the problem of balancing
the need for military secrecy with the public's right to be
informed 保守军事机密的必要性与公众获得信息的权利之间的平
衡问题 3 [T(against)] to consider in relation to something
else; compare 权衡；斟酌；比较： You have to balance the ad
vantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你
必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
balance beam /'./ n a long narrow piece of wood supported
several feet in the air on which a GYMNAST performs 〔体操运
动员表演时所用的〕平衡木
bal.anced /baelenst; 'baelenst/ adj 1 giving equal attention to
all sides or all opinions; fair; showing BALANCE1(2)公平的，
合理的；均衡的，调和的：balanced and impartial reporting of
the election campaign 对竞选运动的公正而无偏袒的报道」a
balanced judgment 公正的判决 2 in which money spent and
money earned are equal 收支平衡的： a balanced budget 收支
平衡的预算 3 having or showing a firm sensible mind 心情平
稳的，情绪稳定的，镇静的： She's very well balanced.她情绪很
稳定。| a balanced judgment 冷静的判断 - compare 比较
UNBALANCE
balanced di.et /，../ n the right quantities and kinds of food
needed for good health 均衡饮食
balance of pay.ments /..·/ n [S] the difference between
the amount of money coming into a country and the amount
going out, taking into account all international business such
as trade in goods, services, insurance, and banking 〔一国的)国
际收支平衡；国际收支差额 - compare 比较 BALANCE OF TRADE
balance of pow·er /，·.'·/ n [the] 1 a position in which politi-
cal or military power is evenly balanced on all sides〔政治或军
事的)力量均势： The growth of the new political party upset
te balance of power.新政党的崛起打破了力量均势。| the
nuclear balance of power 核力量均势 2 hold the balance of
power to be able to make either side more powerful than the
other by favouring it 举足轻重，掌握决定权： The two big par.
ties had an almost equal number of seats in Parliament, so a
small party held the balance of power. 两大政党在议会中占有
几乎相等的席位，因此一个小党就处于举足轻重的地位。
0107
balance of trade /..'/ n [S] the difference in value betweer
a country's IMPORTS (=the goods it brings into the country)
and EXPORTS (=the goods it sends out of the country for sale)
贸易差额 - compare.比较 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
balance sheet /'·/ n a statement of how much money has
come in and how much has gone out 资产负债表〔显示收支总
差额的报告书〕
Bal·an.chine /，baelen`tfin; 'baelentfi:n/, George (1904-1983)
a US CHOREOGRAPHER (=someone who decides what move-
ments dancers will do to a piece of music) who was born in
Russia, and who helped to start the New York City Ballet巴兰
钦〔(1904-1983)，出生于俄国的美国芭蕾舞编导，在他的帮助下
成立了纽约市芭蕾舞团〕
balancing act /'·/ n [S] an attempt to deal with two oppo-
site types of person, problem, opinion etc, without causing new
problems 摆平关系，公平处理问题〔想法等)：With its loss of
profits and its need to employ more pilots, the airline has a
difficult balancing act.一方面亏损，另一方面需要增聘飞行员.
航空公司左右为难。
bal.co.ny /baelkeni; 'baelkeni/ n 1 a raised flat surface which is
built out from the upstairs wall of a building 阳台： You can see
the sea from our balcony. 你从我们的阳台上就能看见大海。
2 also 又作 circle - the seats upstairs in a theatre 〔戏院的〕楼
座，楼厅
bald /bold; bo:ld/ adj1 with little or no hair on the head秃（头）
的： He's going bald. 他快秃顶了。| (humor 幽) He's as bald
as a coot. (=completely bald)他头顶光秃秃的。2 with little or
no decoration or detail; plain 无装饰的，不加虚饰的；单调的
简单的： a bald statement of the facts 对事实不加虚饰的陈述
- ~ness n [U]
bald ea.gle /'·/ n a large bird (EAGLE) with a white head
which is the national bird of the US白头海雕，秃鹰〔美国国鸟)
bal.der.dash /`bolde,daef; 'bo:ldedaef/ n [U] old-fash infml
foolish talk or writing; nonsense【过时，非正式】胡言乱语，废话
baldfaced /`boldfest; 'bo:ldfeist/ adj AmE if someone tells a
aldfaced lie, they say something that is clearly untrue but they
do not seem embarrassed at all 【美】〔谎言〕明显的，赤裸裸的
bald·ing /^boldin; 'bo:ldin/ adj becoming bald 渐渐变秃的；a
balding man/head 头发渐秃的男人[头]
bald.ly /`boldli; 'bo:ldli/ adv spoken plainly, without attempt
ing to hide unpleasant facts 直言不讳地，直截了当地，不加掩饰
地，赤裸裸地： To put it baldly, if you don't stop smoking you'll
be dead in a year.直率地说吧，你如果不戒烟，就只能活一年。
Bald·win /'boldwin; 'bo:ldwin/, James (1924-1987) an Afri-
can-American writer, known for his novels such as Go Tell It
on the Mountain and Another Country 鲍德温〔 (1924-1987) ，
非裔美国作家，以小说闻名，如《向苍天呼吁》、《另一个国家》等
bale1 /bel; beil/ n a large tightly tied mass of especially sof
material ready to be taken away 大捆，大包（尤指柔软的物质）：
a bale of paper/hay/cotton 一大捆纸[干草；棉花]
bale2v
bale out phr ν1 [I (of)] BrE【英】‖ bail out AmE【美】 - to
escape from an aircraft by PARACHUTE(从飞机上)跳伞（逃命）
2 [I; T (= bale sthg. → out)] BrE for 【英】 = BAIL out (2)
Bal·e·a.ric Is.lands. the /，baeliaerik `ailendz; baeliaerik 'ailendz
also 又作 the Balearics /baeli`aeriks;,baeli'aeriks/ a group of
islands in the western Mediterranean Sea, including Ibiza
Majorca, and Minorca, which belong to Spain 巴利阿里群岛
〔位于地中海西部，属西班牙，包括伊维萨、马略卡和梅诺卡〕
bale.ful /`belfel; 'beilfal/ adj full of hate and desire to do harm;
evil; threatening 凶恶的，恶毒的，有恶意的·带威胁性的； a bale
ful look 充满恶意的目光 - -fully adv
Bal.four /`baelfe; 'baelfe/. Arthur James (1848-1930) a Brit-
ish politician in the Conservative Party, who was Prime Min-
ister from 1902 to 1905 and Foreign Secretary from 1916 to
1919. He was responsible for the Balfour Declaration, which
supported the idea that a state should be established in Pales-
tine for the Jews.贝尔福〔(1848-1930)，英国保守党政治家
1902年至1905年任英国首相，1916年至1919年任英国外交大
臣，曾提出过《贝尔福宣言》，支持在巴勒斯坦建立犹太人国家〕
Ba.li /`bali; 'ba:li/ an island in Indonesia, to the east of Java. It
is a popular place for tourists because of its beaches and its
ancient religious and musical traditions.巴厘岛〔印度尼西亚一
岛屿，位于爪哇以东，因为美丽的沙滩及其古老的宗教、音乐传统
而成为旅游胜地〕
balk1also 又作 baulk BrE【英】/bok; bo:k/ v 1 [I (at)] to be
unwilling to do or agree to something difficult or unpleasan
(见困难或不愉快的事〕畏缩不前，犹豫： I wanted to buy the
dress, but I balked at the high price.我本想买这件连衣裙,但
看价钱太高就犹豫了。2 [T] to stop or intentionally get in the
way of 停止，阻止，阻碍，故意妨碍 3 (in BASEBALL) to stop in
the act of throwing the ball towards the player who is trying to
hit it〔棒球投手在投球时〕做假动作，佯投
balk2 also 又作 baulk BrE【英】- n a thick rough wooden beam
梁木，粗木枋
Bal·kans, the /`bolkenz; 'bo:lkenz/ also 又作 the Balkan States
[P] a large area in SE Europe which includes Greece, Romania.
Bulgaria, Albania and Yugoslavia. It is an area in which there
have been many wars and many changes in the borders of the
countries.巴尔干诸国〔欧洲东南部大片区域，包括希腊、罗马尼
亚、保加利亚、阿尔巴尼亚和南斯拉夫。该地区曾发生了许多战争，
国家之间的边界也多次划分〕
*ball1 /bol; bo:l/ n 1 a a usually round object used in a game or
sport 球： The children were kicking a ball around the garden,
孩子在花园里踢球。| to bounce a ball 拍球 」 a tennis ball 网
球 b anything of a similar shape 球状物；团： a ball of string 线
团 」 a snowball 雪球」 a meatball 肉丸子 2 a rounded part of
the body 〔人体的)球状部分； the ball of the foot (=at the base
of the toes)大脚趾底部的肉球，拇趾球 」 an eyeball 眼球 3 an
act or style of throwing a ball 投球的动作或风格： a fast ball快
球 | What a good ball! 好球！ - see also 另见 NO BALL 4 (in
BASEBALL) a thrown ball which a player is not expected to
swing at with his BAT because it is not within a certain area.
After four such balls, the plaver may walk to first base.〔棒球
中投手投出的〕坏球〔四次坏球后，击球手可保送上一垒〕5a
round bullet or SHELL'(4) to be fired from a gun of a type now
no longer used 球形子弹 [炮弹] 6 ball and chain a heavy ball
of metal with a chain attached, that used to be fixed to prison-
ers'legs to stop them from escaping 球镣〔由沉重的金属球和
铁链构成，系于犯人脚上以防逃跑)- see参见 PRISONER 7 carry
the ball AmE to take responsibility, especially in a difficult
situation【美】〔尤指在困难时刻)承担责任： He's always left car
rying the ball when things get rough. 困难的时候总是由他一
个人来承担责任。8 on the ball infml apprec showing up-to-
date knowledge and/or an ability to think and act quickly【非
正式，褒】机灵，机警；有见识，高明，内行：That new teacher is
really on the ball. 那位新老师确实出色。9 play ball AmE to
work well with someone; COOPERATE【美】合作： We tried to
work out a fair deal but the other company's people just
wouldn't play ball.我们很想来个公平交易，可对方公司的人压
根就不愿合作。10 set/start/keep the 'ball rolling to begin/
continue something, such as a conversation or a plan 使事情开
始[继续]运行；不使谈话、计划等中断 11 The ball is in 'your/
his/her court now it's your/his/her turn to take action or reply
现在轮到你[他：她]作出反应[采取行动]- see also另见BALLS
*bí
all2n 1 [C] a large formal occasion for social dancing 大型舞
会 2 [S] infml a very good time 【非正式】过得愉快的时刻： They
all had a ball at the party.他们在社交聚会上玩得很开心。3 You
'shall go to the ball! a phrase used by the FAIRY GODMOTHER
to Cinderella in the story of Cinderella 你应该去参加舞会！〔《灰
姑娘》故事中仙姑对灰姑娘说的话〕- see also 另见 CINDERELLA
Ball, Lu.cille /lu`sil; lu:'si:l/ - see 参见 I LOVE LUCY
bal.lad /`baeled; 'baeled/ n 1 a short story in the form of a poem
叙事诗歌 2 a simple song,especially a popular love song民
歌，歌谣：流行的情歌
bal.lade /be`lad; bae'la:d/ n a poem with usually three groups
of lines and a shorter fourth group all having the same last line
and using a very small number of RHYMES 三节联韵诗〔通常为
三节加上较短的第四节，每节以同一重叠句收尾，押韵甚少〕
Bal-lard /`baelard; 'baela:d/, J.G. (1930-)a British writer who
is known especially for his SCIENCE FICTION stories, and for
his novel about China during World War II, Empire of the
Sun, which was made into a film 巴拉德〔(1930-)，英国作家，
以科幻小说及一部描述第二次世界大战期间的中国的小说《太阳帝
国》闻名，该书已被改编成电影〕
bal-last1 /`baelest; 'baelest/ n [U] heavy material, such as bro-
ken stones, which is a carried by a ship to keep it steady 〔使船
只保持平稳的)压舱物<如碎石等>b thrown from a BALLOON to
make it rise 〔起稳定气球或操纵高度作用的)〕沙囊，压载物 c used
as the bottom surface of a road or as the surface on which rail-
way lines are placed〔道路、铁路等铺路基用的〕道砟，石碴
ballast2v [T (with)] to fill or supply with ballast 给〔船〕放压舱
物；给〔气球等〕放沙囊；为〔铁路〕铺道砟
ball bear.ing /·/n 1 an arrangement of metal balls moving
in a ring round a bar in a machine so that the bar can turn more
easily 滚珠轴承 2 any one of these metal balls 滚珠
ball boy /'/ ball girl fem.【阴性】- n a young person who
picks up balls for people playing in important tennis matches
〔在重大网球赛上为球员拾球的〕球童
ball break.er /'.·/ n infml an insulting word, used mostly by
0108
men, for a strong determined woman【非正式】倔女人〔侮辱性
言语，指意志坚决的女性，多为男性使用〕
ball.cock /bol,kak; 'bo:lkok/ n an apparatus for opening and
closing a hole through which water passes, worked by a hol-
low floating ball which rises and falls with the level of the
water 浮球阀，浮球栓，浮球旋塞
bal.le.ri.na /，baele`rine;,baele'ri:ne/n a female ballet dancer 
蕾舞女演员
Bal.les.te.ros /，baele`steros;,bael'stiaros/,Sev.e.ri.a.no /，severi-
`ano;,severi'a:neu/ also called 又称 Seve /`savi; 'sevi/ (1957-)
a Spanish GOLFER who won many golf competitions, especially
in the 1970s and 1980s巴拉斯泰罗斯〔(1957-)，西班牙高尔
夫球运动员，尤其在20世纪70、80年代多次获胜〕
bal.let /`baele; 'baelei/ n 1 [C] (the music for) a theatrical per-
formance in which a story is told using artistic dancing and
music, but without speech or singing芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞乐曲：
Tchaikovsky wrote (the music for) several famous ballets.柴
可夫斯基创作了好几部著名的芭蕾舞乐曲。2[(the)U]such danc-
ing as a form of art 芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞艺术： She has studied (the)
ballet for six years. 她学芭蕾舞已六年了。| a ballet dancer 芭
蕾舞演员3[C+sing./pl. v] also 又作 corps de ballet - a group
of ballet dancers who work together 芭蕾舞剧团： the Bolshoi
Ballet大剧院芭蕾舞团
Ballet Rambert, the - see 参见 RAMBERT DANCE COMPANY
ball game /'·/ n [usually sing.一般用单数] infml【非正式】1 AmE
a BASEBALL game【美】棒球比赛 2 a state of affairs; situation
情况，形势：I used to be a teacher, so working in an office is a
whole new ball game for me.我以前是个教员，因此办公室工
作对我是个全新的事物。
ball girl /'/n a girl who picks up tennis balls for the players in
an important tennis match〔在重大网球赛上为球员拾球的〕女球
童
ball gown /'/ n a long formal dress made from expensive
material, worn at formal dances and ceremonies〔由贵重衣料
制成，在正式舞会或典礼上穿的)女装长礼服：a black velvet ball
gown一件女装黑天鹅绒长礼服
bal.lis.tic /be`listik; be'listik/ adj go ballistic infml to suddenly
become extremely angry【非正式】突然间暴跳如雷，大发雷霆：
He went ballistic when he saw that I'd scratched his car.看
见我刮坏了他的车时，他猛地暴跳如雷。
bal.lis.tic mis.sile /bae,listik `misl; be,listik 'misail/ n a MIS-
SILE that is guided as it rises into the air but then falls freely弹
道导弹
bal.lis.tics /bae`listiks; be'listiks/ n [U] the scientific study of
the movement of objects that are thrown or forced through the
air, such as bullets fired from a gun 弹道学，发射学
bal.loon1 /be`lun; be'lu:n/ n 1 also
又作 hot-air balloon AmE【美】a
large bag of strong light material
filled with gas or heated air so that
it can float in the air 气球： They
crossed the English Channel in a
hot-air balloon.他们乘热气球飞过
英吉利海峡。2 a small usually
brightly coloured rubber bag that
can be blown up, used as a toy or
decoration for parties etc 玩具气球，
装饰性气球：All the children were
given balloons.所有孩子都分到了
玩具气球。3 the line round the
words spoken by the figures in a
CARTOON〔表示卡通漫画中人物对白时用的〕气球状圆圈4AmE
money borrowed, especially for a MORTGAGE, which must be
paid in one large sum after several smaller payments have been
made【美】气球式贷款〔尤指按揭贷款，它的偿付不是均匀分配的，
最后一次的偿付额最大)： a 10% mortgage with a five-year bal-
loon 10%的5年期气球式按揭贷款5 go down like a lead bal-
loon infml (of a remark, joke, suggestion etc) to fail to have
the intended effect and especially to produce disapproval【非
正式】〔讲话、笑话、建议等〕未达到预期效果；毫无影响作用：His
jokes about woman drivers went down like a lead balloon.他
讲了不少有关女人驾车的笑话，可是人们没有反应。6 when the
balloon goes up BrE when the action starts or the moment of
great danger arrives【英】行动开始时；危险的关头出现时 - see
also 另见 TRIAL BALLOON
balloon2 v [I (OUT, UP)] to get bigger and bigger, or rounder
and rounder, like a balloon being blown up〔像气球充气时一
样)膨胀，鼓起来： His cheeks ballooned (out) as he played his
trumpet.他吹喇叭时，两颊鼓了起来。
bal-loon.ing /belunin; be'lu:nin/ n [U] the sport of flying in a
balloon 乘气球飞行；操纵气球（的运动）- -ist n
bal.lot1 /`baelet; 'baelet/ n 1 [C] a sheet of paper used to make a
secret vote 〔无记名)投票用纸；选票： They're counting the bal-
lots now.他们正在计算选票。2 [(the) S] the process or system
of secret voting 无记名投票选举（制度）： The ballot is a vital
part of the democratic process.无记名投票选举是民主化进程
中一个极重要的部分。| The leaders were accused of rigging
the ballot.(=arranging false results)领导人被指控在选举中舞
弊。| When we put it to the ballot (=had a vote) the members
decided to accept the management's offer. 我们付诸表决时，
委员们决定接受资方的提议。3 [C] an occasion of voting or a
chance to vote 投票表决，选举： The members have demanded
a ballot.会员要求投票表决。| a strike ballot 决定是否罢工的
投票表决| a postal ballot 邮递投票 4 [C] the number of votes
recorded;POLL投票总数，投票结果
ballot2v1 [I(for)] to vote or decide by secret voting 无记名投
票；通过投票选出[决定]：They've balloted for the new chair-
man, but nobody knows the result yet.他们投票选举新主席，
但还不知道选举结果。2 [T] to find out the views of (a group)
by holding a vote 通过投票了解〔成员等)的意见：They'll have
to ballot the membership before they can declare a strike.他
们在宣布罢工之前，必须先通过投票了解全体会员的意见。
ballot box /'./n 1 [C] a large (usually tin) box into which the
pieces of paper on which people record their votes are placed
投票箱 2[the] elections; the system or process of voting in an
election 投票，投票法： Their popularity will be put to the test at/
through the ballot box.他们是否得民心，将通过投票进行检验。
ballot pa.per /'.·/n [C] a piece of paper on which you record
your vote 选票
ball park /'/ n [S] 1 infml a range of numbers, prices etc
within which the correct figure is likely to be【非正式】近似正
确的数字、价格等：Their estimate was in the right ball park.
他们的估计大致是正确的。|a ball-park figure近似正确的数
字 2 AmE a playing field for BASEBALL, usually with seats
from which to watch the game【美】棒球场
ball-play.er /`bolplea; 'bo:lpleie/ n AmE a person who plays
BASEBALL【美】棒球运动员： a scout looking at the high school
ballplayers 一个球探看着那所中学的棒球队员
ball-point /^bol,point; 'bo:lpoint/ also 又作 ballpoint pen /，·./
fml【正式】， biro BrE trademark【英，商标】— n a pen with a
ball at the end that rolls thick ink onto the paper圆珠笔，原子
笔
ball-room /`bol,rum; 'bo:lrum/ n a large room for dancing舞
厅，舞场-see参见BALL2(1)
ballroom danc.ing /·/n [U] a formal kind of dancing done
in pairs or groups to special music, such as the WALTZ or the
FOXTROT. Ballroom dancing is usually done by older people,
hot-air balloon热气球
and considered old-fashioned by many young people.交际舞，
交谊舞〔跳交际舞的多为年长者，这种舞被许多年轻人视为过时〕
balls1 /bolz; bo:lz/ n taboo slang【讳，俚】1 [P] TESTICLES 睾丸
2 [U] derog nonsense 【贬】胡说八道： That's a load of balls.那
是一派胡言。3[U] daring self-confidence;CHEEK 大胆自信；
无礼的话[行为]： It must have taken a lot of balls to tell the
director he was wrong.敢于指出董事的错误，那一定要有很大
的胆量。
balls2v
balls sthg. up BrE【英】‖also 又作 ball sthg. up AmE【美】—
phr v [T] taboo slang to do badly or unsuccessfully; spoil 【讳，
俚】做得很糟，不成功；把·搞乱[弄糟]- balls-up/'/ n BrE
slang【英，俚】： He made a complete balls-up of the arrange-
ments.他把安排全搞乱了。
ball.sy /`bolzi; 'bo:lzi/ adj slang having a lot of spirit or courage
【俚】胆识过人的：He's a ballsy kind of guy.他是个胆识过人的
家伙。
bal.ly /`baeli; 'baeli/ adj, adv [A] BrE old-fash BLOODY2; used
especially by older upper-class people【英，过时】很，非常，极
其；讨厌的[地]〔尤为较年长的上层阶级人士所使用]
bal.ly.hoo /baeli,hu;,baeli'hu:/ n [U] infml ways of trying to
gain public attention by making a lot of noise or through excit-
ing kinds of advertising【非正式】大吹大擂的广告；哗众取宠的
宣传
balm /bam; ba:m/ n [C; U] 1 (an)oily liquid with a strong but
pleasant smell, often from trees, used as medicine or to lessen
pain〔药用，涂抹用的〕油，膏，镇痛剂2 especially lit something
that gives comfort to the spirit【尤文】安慰（物），慰藉（物）
Bal.mor.al /bael`morel; bael'morel/ a castle in Scotland that the
British royal family often use for their summer holidays巴尔
莫勒尔堡〔苏格兰一城堡，为英国皇室避暑之所〕
balm.y /bami; 'ba:mi/ adj apprec (of air) soft and warm; MILD
【褒】〔空气〕和煦的，温暖的，温和的：a balmy breeze 和风|
0109
balmy days 气候温和的日子
ba.to.ney /be`loni; be'leuni/ n [U] slang BOLONEY【俚】胡说，
瞎扯
bal-sa /`bolse; 'bo:lse/ n [C; U](the very light wood of) a tropi.
cal American tree〔美洲热带地区产的〕白塞木（树）：轻木〔即上
述树的木材〕
bal-sam /`bolsem; 'bo:lsam/ n [C; U](a tree that produces) BALM
香脂冷杉；〔上述植物的〕香脂，香胶
bal-sam·ic vin.e.gar /bol,saemik `vinige; 'bo:l saemik 'vimige/
n [U] an expensive kind of dark VINEGAR used especially in
SALADS and Italian dishes. It is considered very fashionable.
香脂醋〔一种昂贵的深色醋，用于沙拉及意大利菜肴的制作，被认
为很时髦〕
bal.ti /`bolti; 'bo:lti/ n [U] BrE a type of Indian cooking that
was first developed in England, in which the food is cooked
and served in small bowl-shaped pans 【英】巴尔蒂菜系〔最初发
展于英格兰的一种印度烹饪方式，食物被装进小型碗状锅内烧煮后
端上桌〕
Bal-tic, the /`boltik; 'bo:ltik/ a sea that is part of the Atlantic
Ocean and is surrounded by Denmark, Sweden, the Baltic
States, and Poland 波罗的海〔大西洋一部分，位于丹麦、瑞典、波
罗的海诸国及波兰之间〕
Baltic States, the /，· '/ [P] Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
considered together as one group 波罗的海诸国〔指包括爱沙尼
亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛在内的一个整体〕
Bal·ti-more /`boltimor: 'bo:ltmo:/ a city on the E coast of the
US, in the state of Maryland. Baltimore is one of the busiest
sea ports in the US.巴尔的摩〔美国东海岸城市，位于马里兰州，
是美国最繁忙的海港之一) - see colour map on pages A2-3参
见A2-3页彩色地图
bal·us.trade /baele`stred; baele'streid/ n a row of upright pieces
of stone or wood with a bar along the top, guarding the outer
edge of any place from which people might fall 栏杆，扶手
Bal.zac /`bolzaek: 'baelzaek/. Hon·o-re de /ane`re de; 'pnerer
de/ (1799-1850) a French writer who wrote about French
society, and is famous for his set of novels called La Comedie
Humaine which includes the books Le Pere Goriot and
Eugenie Grandet巴尔扎克〔(1799-1850),法国作家,他的作品
描述法国社会，以小说系列《人间喜剧》闻名，其中包括《高老头》和
《欧也妮·葛朗台》〕
Bam-bi /baembi; 'baembi/ a CARTOON film by Walt DISNEY abou
a young DEER named Bambi. Bambi is a gentle and attractive
animal, and the film is remembered for being very sad.《小鹿
斑比》〔迪斯尼公司制作的一部卡通电影，讲述一头温顺、可爱的小
鹿斑比，影片格调悲伤〕
bam.boo /baem`bu;,baem'bu:/n-boos [C; U] a tall tropical
plant of the grass family or its hard, hollow, jointed stems.
which are used e.g. for making furniture 竹，竹子；竹材，竹竿
Bamboo Cur-tain, the /.·./ old-fash an expression used to
describe all the political limits, difficulties etc that separated
China from other powerful countries, especially during the time
when Mao Zedong was its leader【过时】竹幕〔指隔离中国同其
他强国之间联系的政治限制及障碍，尤指在毛泽东领导时期〕-
compare 比较 IRON CURTAIN
bam·boo.zle /baem'buzl; baem'bu:zal/ v [T (into, out of)] slang
to deceive; trick; HOODWINK【俚】欺骗，愚弄，蒙蔽
ban1 /baen; baen/ v -nn- [T (from)] 1 to forbid, especially by
law〔尤指被法律〕禁止，取缔： The new military government has
banned strikes and demonstrations.新的军人政府禁止罢工和
示威活动。| After the accident, he was banned from driving
事故发生后，他被禁止驾车。| banned books/films 禁书；禁止
上映的影片 2 Ban the Bomb a phrase used by people who
marched in protests against the use of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, es-
pecially in the 1960s 禁止核武器〔尤其是在20世纪60年代，人
们举行反核武器示威游行时所使用的短语
ban2n [(on)] an order banning something 禁令；禁止： The union
has imposed (=established) a ban on overtimellifted (=re
moved) the ban on overtime. 工会制定了[解除了]超时加班的
禁令。| an alcohol ban 禁酒令 - see also 另见 TEST BAN
ba.nal /`benl; be'na:l/ adj derog uninteresting because very
common; lacking new or original ideas【贬】平淡无奇的，平庸
的，陈腐的： a banal remark 陈词滥调 - banality /be`naeleti;
be'naelti/n [C;U]
*ba·na·na /be`naene; be'ng:ne/ n 1 a long thick curved tropical
fruit, having a yellow skin and a soft sweet inside when ripe.香
蕉 2 top banana AmE infml the most important person in an
organization; the BOSS【美，非正式】领导人，头头，老板：He's the
top banana at a record company. 他是一家唱片公司的老板。
banana re·public /，·.'·/ n infml derog a small country, es-
pecially in Central or S America, that is industrially under-
developed, politically unsteady, and often dependent on finan-
cial support from abroad【非正式，贬】香蕉共和国〔指工业不发
达、政治不稳定、经常需要依靠外援的中南美洲小国〕
ba·na·nas /be`naenez; be'ng:nez/ adj AmE slang【美俚】1 mad
crazy 疯狂的，颠狂的： Everyone on the block thinks Mr Allan
is bananas because he walks his dog at midnight.街坊里每个
人都觉得艾伦先生疯了，他总在半夜里遛狗。2 go bananas be-
come wild or angry 变得疯狂，变得生气： Dad will go bananas
when he sees the mess you've made with his tools.爸爸看到
你把他这些工具搞得这么乱七八糟会气疯的。
banana skin /'·/ n BrE infml an event or situation likely to
cause difficulty or make one look foolish (from a typical hu-
morous situation in British COMEDY, in which a person slips
on a banana skin and falls over) 【英,非正式】很可能引起麻烦
或使人出洋相的事件或情景〔源出英国喜剧中一个典型的滑稽情
景，其中有一人踩在香蕉皮上摔倒)：This incident could turn
into another banana skin for the government.这事件可能使
政府再次出洋相。
banana split /· '/ n a sweet dish made of a banana split in
two with ICE CREAM, chocolate liquid (SAUCE), whipped cream,
and nuts 香蕉新地，香蕉船，香蕉圣代〔将香蕉切成两半，上面放
冰淇淋，再浇盖巧克力酱、掼奶油和果仁〕
Ban-bu.ry Cross /`baenberi `kros; baenbari 'kros/ a stone cross
in the small English town of Banbury, near Oxford, which is
mentioned in a popular British NURSERY RHYME (=old song or
poem for young children)班伯里十字架〔一个石制的十字架，位
于牛津附近的英格兰小镇班伯里，一首著名的英国童谣中提及该
物)： ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross 骑着木马去班伯里十
字架
*band1 /baend; baend/ n 1 a flat narrow often endless piece of
material a for fastening things together or for putting round
something to strengthen it 系物的带子；箍带： She tied her hair
back with a rubber band.她用橡皮筋把头发扎到后面。 b form-
ing part of an article of clothing(衣服的)嵌条；镶边；带状部分：
the neckband of a shirt 衬衫的领圈 | the waistband of a pair
of trousers 裤子的腰带 2 a line of a colour or pattern different
to that of the area or material on either side of it; STRIPE条纹，
条子，条饰： There was an orange band along the snake's back.
蛇背上有一条橘色的条纹。3 a range of values, amounts, radio
waves etc 价值、数量等的范围；无线电的波段，频带： people within
the $20,000-$30,000 income band 收入幅度在2万至3万元的
人
*band2n [C+sing./pl. v] 1 a group of people formed for some
common purpose and often with a leader 一伙，一群，一帮，—
队： a band of robbers 一伙强盗 2 a group of musicians, espe
cially a group that play popular music 〔尤指演奏流行音乐的)
乐队，乐团： a dance band 舞曲伴奏乐队 」 a brass band 铜管乐
队 」 a rock/jazz band 摇滚[爵士]乐队 - compare 比较 OR-
CHESTRA; see also 另见 ONE-MAN BAND - see 参见 to beat
the band (BEAT1(20)
band3 v
band together phr v [I (against)] to unite with some special
purpose〔尤指为某种特殊目的〕团结起来，联合在一起：The two
parties banded together to form an alliance. 两党团结起来结
成联盟。
Ban·da /`baende; 'baende/, Hastings (1905-1997) a politician
from Malawi who helped his country become independent from
the UK. He was made President in 1966， but he became more
and more unpopular and was defeated in elections in 1995.班
达〔(1905-1997)，马拉维政治家，曾帮助马拉维脱离英国而独立，
1966年成为该国总统，但越来越不受欢迎，终于在1995年的大选
中失利〕
ban·dage' /`baendid3; 'baendid3/ BrE【英】‖ also 又作 gauze
AmE【美】-n 1 a long narrow piece of material, usually cloth,
for tying round a wound or round a part of the body that has
been hurt 绷带 2 AmE【美】also 又作 Band-Aid trademark【商
标】a type of PLASTER1(2)护创胶布，创可贴
bandage2v [T (UP)] to tie up or bind round with a bandage用
绷带包扎：The doctor bandaged (up) her broken ankle.医生
用绷带把她折断了的踝骨包扎起来。|a bandaged arm 用绷带
包扎着的手臂
Band Aid /'/ trademark an organization set up by Bob Geldof
in 1984 to collect money for people dying of hunger in Ethiopia
This was done by getting many famous popular musicians to
make a record together called Do They Know It's Christmas?
and by organizing the LIVE AID concerts in London and Phila-
delphia.【商标】义演援助团〔由鲍勃·格尔多夫于1984年建立的组
织，其目的是为埃塞俄比亚的饥民筹集资金。该组织发动不少流行
音乐家灌制了一张名为《他们知道今天是圣诞节吗？》的唱片，并在
伦敦和费城举办了现场赈灾演唱会〕
0110
Band-Aid /' / AmE trademark a type of thin material that you
stick to your skin to cover a cut or other small wound. There is
a similar product in the UK called ELASTOPLAST.【美，商标】
“邦迪”牌创可贴〔一种护创胶布，英国的一种类似产品叫作“易理
妥”〕
ban·dan·na, -dana /baen`daene; baen'daene/ n a large brightly
coloured handkerchief, worn round the neck or head 色彩鲜艳
的大手帕，印花大围巾，大头巾
Ban.da·ra·na.i.ke /，baendere`naieke;baendere'naike/, Mrs
Sir.i.ma.vo /siri`mavo; siri'ma:veu/ (1916-)a Sri Lankan
politician who became the world's first woman Prime Minis-
ter in 1960， after the death of her husband, Solomon Bandara-
naike 班达拉奈克夫人〔(1916-)，斯里兰卡政治家，丈夫所罗门
班达拉奈克遇刺身亡后，于1960年成为世界上第一位女总理
b and b, B and B /，bi end `bi;,bi: end 'bi:/ abbrev. for 缩写=
BED AND BREAKFAST
Ban.der.as /baen`deres; baen'deares/, An.to.ni.o /aen`tonio:
en'teunieu/(1960-)a Spanish actor who first became famous
acting in Spanish films by Pedro ALMODOVAR. He acted with
Madonna in the film Evita.班德拉斯〔(1960- )，西班牙演员，
最初因演出佩德罗·阿尔莫多瓦执导的西班牙影片成名。他曾与麦
当娜一同演出电影《贝隆夫人》
ban.dit /baendit; 'baendt/ n an armed robber, especially one of
an armed band who attack travellers in wild places 〔尤指武装
的〕强盗，土匪，歹徒 -- see also 另见 ONE-ARMED BANDIT
band·mas·ter /`baend,maeste; 'baend,ma:ste/ n a man who
CONDUCTS (=directs the playing of) a military band, brass band
etc〔军乐、铜管乐队等的〕乐队指挥
ban.do·leer, bandolier /，baende`lir; baende'lie/ n a belt that
goes over a person's shoulder, and is used for carrying bullets
〔斜挂于肩膀的〕子弹带
B & Q/bi end `kju; bi: end 'kju:/ trademark a large British DIY
store (=shop selling things for decorating or repairing your
house and garden, such as tools, garden equipment, and paint)
Many towns in the UK have a B& O.【商标】百安居〔英国一家
大型的自助式建材商店，英国许多城镇都有其连锁店〕
bands·man /baendzmen; 'baendzmen/n-men /-men; -men/a
musician who plays in a military band, brass band etc 〔军乐
队、铜管乐队等的〕乐队队员
band·stand /`baend staend; 'baendstaend/n a raised place, open
at the sides but with a roof, for a band playing music in the
open air〔有顶盖的〕室外音乐演奏台
band·wa.gon /`baend,waegen; 'baend,waegen/n 1 a group, po
litical party, movement etc that attracts support or followers
because of its quick success or growth of popularity 因一时得
势而吸引人的团体[党派、运动]2jump/climb/get on the band
wagon to begin to do something that a lot of other people are
doing, especially in the hope of personal advantage 赶浪头，顺
应潮流；随大流
band·width /baendwid0; 'baendwid0/ n [U] tech the speed at
which information can be sent from one computer to another
e.g. along a telephone wire. It is measured in bits per second
BIT(3).【术语】带宽〔电脑间信息的传递速度，如通过电话线传递
等，以比特/秒表示)：Downloading video images from the Net
can make big demands on bandwidth.从网上下载录影图像需
要很大的带宽。
ban.dy' /`baendi; 'baendi/ adj 1 (of legs) curving outwards at
the knees 〔腿〕两膝向外曲的 2 also 又作 bandy-legged /，· '·
- having bandy legs 弓形腿的，罗圈腿的，两腿膝部向外弯曲的
bandy sthg, about/around phr y [T] to spread (unfavourable
or untrue ideas) by talking口头传播〔无益或失实的言论等)：散
播〔流言飞语)： Several different figures have been bandied
about, but these are the only correct ones.有好几个不同的数
字到处在传，但惟有这些数字才是正确的。
bandy2v bandy words (with) old-fash to quarrel (with)【过
时】与·争吵，与·发生口角
bane /ben; bein/ n the bane of one's existence /life a cause of
continual trouble （一生的） 祸根：灾星：祸害： That car is the bane
of my life!那辆车是我的祸根。
bane·ful /`benfel; 'beimfal/ adj especially lit harmful; evil【尤
文】有害的；邪恶的： a baneful influence 不良影响 - ~ly adv
Banff /baenf; baenf/ a town in the Rocky Mountains in Alberta
Canada. It is a popular place for people who SKI.班夫〔位于加
拿大阿尔伯塔省落基山脉的一个小镇，为滑雪胜地
bang1 /baen; baen/ v 1 [T] to hit sharply, especially by accident:
BUMP〔尤指意外地〕猛击，碰撞，撞击：He fell and banged his
knee. 他摔倒在地，撞伤了膝盖。| I banged my head on the low
ceiling.我的头撞在低矮的天花板上。2[I+adv/prep;T+obj+adv/
prep] to (cause to) knock, beat, or move violently and with a
loud noise 砰然重击，猛敲，用力推撞： She banged the chair
against the wall. 她把椅子猛地往墙上一撞。| They were bang-
ing on the door with their fists.他们用拳头砰砰地猛敲门。
He banged the book down on the table,他把书砰地一下摔在
桌子上。3 [I] to make a sharp loud noise or noises 砰砰作响：
There is someone banging about upstairs.楼上有人砰砰啪啪,
弄得噪声不绝。| I could hear the garage door banging (in
the wind).我能听见汽车库的门（在风中）砰砰作响。4 be/get
banged up BrE infml to be sent to prison 【英，非正式】监禁，入
狱： He got banged up for armed robbery.他因持械抢劫而入
狱。- see also 另见 bang one's head against a brick wall
(HEAD1)
bang2n 1 [C] a sharp knock or blow 猛击，猛撞；重打： She fell
and got a nasty bang on the knee.她摔倒了，膝盖猛撞在地上。
2 a sudden loud noise 突然的一声巨响： The door shut with a
bang.门砰然一声关上了。3 [S] infml a strong or powerful ef-
fect; IMPACT【非正式】强烈的效果；影响；刺激：The publication
of the new magazine has made less of a bang than the pub-
lishers hoped for.新杂志的出版引起的反响不如出版者所期望
的那样强烈。4 AmE infml a strong feeling of pleasure【美，非
正式】快感，乐趣： She got a real bang out of the song the kids
made up about her.听了孩子们编的这首关于她的歌，她高兴极
了。5 go off with a bang BrE【英】‖go over with a bang
AmE【美】- to be very successful 极为成功，大受欢迎： The
party really went off with a bang! 聚会确实极为成功！ 6 not
with a bang but a whimper quote a phrase from a poem by T.
S. Eliot, often used when saying that something does not end
in an exciting way, but just stops in a very uninteresting and
unexciting way【引】不是沸沸扬扬而是悄无声息地〔T.S.艾略特
诗中的句子，通常表示某事只是悄无声息地结束了)：That is the
way the revolution ends, not with a bang but with a whimper.
革命就这样结束了，没有轰轰烈烈的场面，只是悄无声息地就偃旗
息鼓了。- see also 另见 BIG BANG THEORY
bang3 adv [+adv/prep] infml【非正式】1 directly or exactly 直
接地；准确地；正巧，恰恰： The sales figures are bang on target.
销售数字正好达到指标。| Your answer's bang on. (=exactly
correct) 你的回答完全正确。| The lights went out bang in the
middle of the performance.灯光恰恰在演出进行到一半时突然
熄灭了。2 bang goes (something) that is the end of (something)
(某事)完蛋了，告吹了： If we don't keep the price down, bang
go our chances of getting the contract.如果我们不把价格降
低，获得承包合同的机会就会成为泡影
bang4 also 又作 bangs pl. AmE【美】 - n hair cut straight across
the forehead; FRINGE(头发的)前刘海
bang-er /`baenge; 'baene/ n BrE infml【英，非正式】1 a SAUSAGE
香肠 2 an old car in poor condition; JALOPY 破旧的汽车，老爷
车 3 a cheap noisy FIREWORK(声音很响的)爆竹
bangers and mash /.··/ n [U] BrE infml cooked SAUSAGE
and mashed (MASH1) potatoes, considered to be a typical Brit-
ish meal【英，非正式】香肠和马铃薯泥〔被视为典型的英式菜〕
Bang.kok /`baenkak; baen'kok/ the capital city and main port
of Thailand. It is famous for its TEMPLES and other beautiful
buildings.曼谷〔泰国的首都和主要港口，以寺庙及其他漂亮的建
筑而著称〕
Ban.gla.desh /`baengle def;baengle'def/ a country in S Asia
which separated from Pakistan in 1971 to become an inde-
pendent nation. Population: 120,400,000 (1995). Capital:
Dhaka.孟加拉国〔南亚国家，1971年脱离巴基斯坦而独立。人口：
120,400,000(1995),首都：达卡〕
ban.gle /`baengl; 'baengal/ n a hard narrow band of gold, silver
etc worn round the arm or ankle as a decoration〔金、银制的〕
手镯；脚镯 - compare 比较 BRACELET
bang-on // adj BrE infml exactly correct or highly ACCU-
RATE【英，非正式】完全正确；高度精确： His estimate of how long
the journey would take was bang-on. 他对路上要花多长时间
估计得一点没错。
bangs /baenz; baenz/ n [P] AmE【美】 hair that is cut straight
across your forehead; BrE【英】FRINGE 刘海〔垂于前额的整齐
的短发
bang-up /'· ·/ adj AmE infml very good 【美，非正式】极好的： He
did a bang-up job fixing the plumbing. 他把管子修得棒极了。
ban.ish /`baenif; 'baenif/ v [T (from)]1 to send away by official
order, usually from one's own country, especially as a punish-
ment 把··放逐〔到国外作为处罚)；把·驱逐出境： She was ban-
ishea by the government for political reasons.她由于政治原
因而被政府逐出国门。- compare 比较 EXILE 2 to force to leave
drive away 驱逐，赶走；驱除，排除： Those noisy children should
be banished from the library. 那些吵闹的孩子应该被赶出图书
馆。| You can banish that idea from your mind. 你可以打消那
个念头了。- ~ment n [U]: to go/be sent into banishment 开
始流放生涯：被驱逐出境
0111
ban·is·ter /`baeniste; 'baenste/ also 又作 banisters pl. - n a
row of upright pieces of wood or metal with a bar along the
top guarding the outer edge of stairs （楼梯） 栏杆，扶手： The chil-
dren were sliding down the banister/the banisters.孩子们从
楼梯扶手上滑下来。- compare 比较 HANDRAIL, RAILING
ban·jo /`baend3o; 'baend3eu/ n -jos or -joes a musical instru
ment with four or more strings, a long neck, and a body like a
drum, used especially to play popular music 班卓琴
*bank1/baenk; baenk/ n 1 (a local office of) a business organiza
tion which performs services connected with money, especially
keeping money for customers and paying it out on demand, or
lending money to customers 银行： The major banks have an-
nounced an increase in interest rates. 几家大银行已宣布提高
利率。| She works at the bank in the High Street. 她在高街的
银行工作。| I think she's a lot more interested in your bank
balance (=your money) than your personality! 我觉得她对你
的存款比对你这个人更感兴趣！2 a place where something is
kept until it is ready for use, especially products of human ori-
gin for medical use 库，〔尤指贮藏血液等的〕储存库； a kidney
bank 肾库」 Hospital blood banks have saved many lives. 医
院的血库挽救了许多人的生命。3(a person who keeps) a sup
ply of money or pieces for payment or use in a game of chance
庄家（的赌本） - see also 另见 break the bank (BREAK' (23)
and 和 CLEARING BANK, MERCHANT BANK
bank2v1 [T] to put or keep(money) in a bank 把（钱）存入银行
2 [I(with)] to keep one's money (in the stated bank)把钱存入
某个银行，与某银行有往来： Who do you bank with?你在哪家
银行存款
bank on/upon sbdy./sthg. phr v [T] to depend on; trust in 依
靠，指望，信赖：I'm banking on you/on your help.我指望你[你
的帮助]了。| [+y-ing] We mustn't bank on getting their agree-
ment.我们不应指望会得到他们的同意。| [+obi+to-y] I'm bank-
ing on you to help me with the arrangements.我要靠你帮忙安
排这些事了。| [+obj+y-ing] We were banking on John know-
ing the way. 我们本指望约翰会知道该走哪条路
*bank3 n 1 land along the side of a river, lake etc〔河、湖等的)
岸，堤： the left bank of the Seine 塞纳河左岸 ⊥ the banks of the
River Nile 尼罗河两岸 - see 参见 SHORE (USAGE) 2 a pile or
RIDGE of earth, mud, snow etc〔土、泥、雪等的)一长堆；埂，垄：
They sat on a grassy bank at the edge of the field watching
the game of cricket.他们坐在田野边长满草的土埂上观看板球
赛。3 a mass of clouds, mist etc〔云、薄雾等的)层，团：The banks
of dark cloud promised rain. 滚滚乌云预示有雨。4 a slope
made at bends in a road or racetrack, so that they are safer for
cars to go round〔为使车辆安全拐弯设于公路或跑道拐弯处的]
内侧斜坡 5 a SANDBANK 沙洲；沙丘：the Dogger Bank in the
North Sea 北海的多格沙洲
bank4 v [I] (of a car or aircraft) to move with one side higher
than the other when making a turn〔汽车或飞机在转弯时一侧比
另一侧高〕倾斜行驶[飞行]
bank up phr y [I; T (=bank sthg.  up)] to form into a mass
or pile 使堆积： The wind had banked the snow up against the
wall. 风把雪吹到墙边堆积起来。| At night we bank up the fire
so that it's still burning in the morning.夜间我们把炉火封好，
以便火烧到第二天早晨仍保持不灭。
bank5n [(of)] a set of things arranged in a row, especially a row
of OARS in an ancient boat or of KEYS on a TYPEWRITER一排
〔尤指古代有桨帆船上的一排桨，或打字机上的键排〕
bank·a·ble /`baenkebl: 'baenkebal/ adj an actor or entertainer
who is bankable is very popular, and is therefore likely to help
a film or show to be successful and profitable〔演员等)卖座的
富有号召力的： After years working in TV, Clooney suddenly
became a bankable movie actor.在电视演艺圈工作了几年后，
克卢尼一跃成为很卖座的电影演员。
bank ac.count /'/ n an arrangement between a bank and a
customer under which the customer can pay in and take out
money 银行账户： I'd like to open (=start) a bank account.我
想开个存款账户。- see also 另见 CURRENT ACCOUNT,DEPOSIT
ACCOUNT, SAVINGS ACCOUNT
bank bal-ance /'./ n [S] the amount of money a person has
in their bank account, or the amount of money they have gen-
erally 银行存款〔指一个人所有的钱〕：银行存款余额〔指银行账户
里的钱)： The profits from his company have given him a very
healthy bank balance.公司的利润使他在银行里拥有巨额存款
bank-book /`baenk buk; 'baenkbuk/n a book in which a record
of the money one puts into and takes out of a bank is kept银行
存折-compare 比较PASSBOOK
bank card /'/ n 1 AmE a small plastic card provided by your
bank that can be used as a CREDIT CARD(=for buying things
which you pay for later) and can also be used for getting money
【美】银行卡〔由存款银行提供的一种小塑料卡，可作信用卡之用
也可直接提款)2 BrE a small plastic card provided by your bank
that can be used as a CHEOUE GUARANTEE CARD, a SWITCH
card (=for buying things), or for getting money 【英】银行卡〔由
存款银行提供的一种小塑料卡，可作支票保付卡、借记购物卡之
用，也可直接提款〕
bank draft /' / also 又作 bank·bill /`baenk bil; 'baenkbil/.
banker's draft /'· / - n an order by one bank to another
(especially a foreign bank)to pay a certain sum of money to a
named person or organization〔银行与银行，尤指与外国银行之
间的〕银行汇票
bank·er /`baenke; 'baenke/ n 1 a person who owns or manages
a BANK'(1)银行家；经营银行业务者2 the player who keeps
the BANK' (3) in games of chance 〔牌戏或赌博的〕庄家
banker's card /'··/ n BrE a CHEOUE CARD【英】支票保付卡，银
行支票证
banker's or-der /，.· '·/ n a STANDING ORDER自动转账委托，定
期支付指示
bank hol·i·day /· '··/ n 1 BrE【英】‖ public holiday AmE【美】
an official public holiday, not a Saturday or Sunday, when
banks and most businesses are closed, especially one in the
Spring (Spring bank holiday) and one in August (August
bank holiday, also called Late Summer Holiday). These two
bank holidays are always on a Monday (Bank Holiday Mon-
day), and the weekend when they take place is known as a
bank holiday weekend.(除星期六、星期日外的)公众假期，银行
假日，公休日〔银行和大部分公司都不营业。尤其指春季银行假日
和8月银行假日（或称夏末假日），这两个假日一般总是在星期
(即周一银行假日)，如果是在周末的话则称周末银行假日)：Ther
are bound to be traffic jams over the bank holiday weekend
as people head for the coast.周末如果是银行假日的话，人们
都要到海边去，一定会出现交通堵塞。- see Feature on page B20
参见B20页文化特写 2 AmE a period when banks are closed
usually by government order, to prevent money difficulties【美】
〔一般指美国政府为防止货币危机而规定的〕银行停业期
bank.ing /`baenkin; 'baenkin/ n [U] the business of a bank or a
banker 银行业： a career in banking 银行业生涯 | the interna
tional banking system 国际银行业体制
bank man·a·ger /'.·/ n a person who manages a bank. The
British STEREOTYPE of a bank manager is a boring, old-
fashioned, MIDDLE-AGED man wearing a suit.银行经理〔英国
人印象中的银行经理形象是一个乏味、老派、身穿西装的中年男
子〕
bank note /' / n a piece of paper money printed for the na-
tional bank of a country for public use 钞票，纸币
Bank of A.mer.i.ca, the /，..'../ one of the largest banks in
the US 美国银行〔美国最大的银行之一〕
Bank of En-gland, the /..'·/ the national bank of the UK.
whose responsibilities include arranging the amounts of money
that the government can borrow, and fixing the rate at which
people and businesses can borrow money 英格兰银行〔英国的
国家银行，其职责包括为政府筹集资金，厘定个人及商业贷款利率
等〕
Bank of Scot-land, the /··/ one of the main banks in
Scotland. Like other Scottish banks, it prints its own banknotes.
苏格兰银行〔苏格兰主要银行之一，和其他苏格兰银行一样发行本
行钞票〕
bank rate /'/ n [the; U] the rate of interest fixed by a central
bank, such as the Bank of England. The bank rate influences
the rates of interest charged by all banks and building societies
(BUILDING SOCIETY) for the LOAN of money, and the rate of
interest paid to savers.〔由中央银行所定的)贴现率〔贴现率影响
着所有银行和购房互助协会贷款及支付给存户利息的利率〕
bank.roll' /`baenk rol; 'baenkreul/ n AmE a supply of money
【美】资金，财源
bankroll2v [T] AmE infml to supply money for or pay the cost
of (a business,plan etc)【美，非正式】对·融通资金，为··提供资
金；资助
bank.rupt' /baenkrapt; 'baenkrvpt/ adj1 unable to pay one's
debts. When people declare that they are bankrupt, lawyers
take charge of all their money and goods and sell them in or-
der to pay their debts 无力还债的；破产的〔宣布破产以后，由律
师掌管资产，并出售货物以偿还债务)：He started a small business
but went bankrupt when the recession started. 他办了一家小
型公司，可经济衰退开始后就破产了。- compare 比较 INSOL-
VENT 2 lacking in a particular desirable quality 缺乏[丧失] （某
种美德)的：morally bankrupt(=completely without moral
principles)道德败坏的|bankrupt of new ideas 缺乏新意
bankrupt2n a person who is bankrupt 破产者
bankrupt3 v [T] to make bankrupt or very poor 使破产；使极端
0112
贫困： The cost of defending the libel action almost bankrupted
the small magazine.为诽谤罪辩护的诉讼费几乎使这家小杂志
社破产
bank·rupt.cv /`baenkrvptsi; 'baenkraptsi/n [C; U] (an example
of) the state of being or becoming bankrupt 破产：无偿付能力
倒闭： The company is threatened with bankruptcy,这家公司
面临破产的威胁。| There has been a sharp increase in bank-
ruptcies in the last two years.近两年来破产事件有大幅度的增
加。| the bankruptcy of the government's plans (=their fail-
ure to produce good results etc)政府计划的破产
Banks /baenks; baenks/, Ernie (1931- ) a US BASEBALL player
who was the first black member of the Chicago Cubs team. He
s remembered for his skill at playing FIRST BASE and SHORT
STOP, and earned the prize of MVP(=most valuable plaver) in
1958 and 1959.班克斯〔(1931-)，美国棒球运动员，芝加哥小
熊队首位黑人队员，他作为一垒员和游击手时的球技为人称道，于
1958及1959年两度荣获最有价值球员奖
Banks. Gordon (1937- ) a British football plaver, one of
the best GOALKEEPERs who ever played for England 班克斯
((1937-),英国足球运动员，英格兰最佳守门员之
bank state.ment /'.·/ n a document sent regularly by a bank
to a customer holding a CURRENT ACCOUNT. It lists all the
amounts received by and paid out from the account.银行结单
〔银行向活期存户定期发送的结单，它列出账户上所有的往来金
额〕
ban-ner /`baene; 'baene/ n 1 a long piece of cloth on which a
sign is painted, often carried between two poles〔通常用两根竿
子撑开的)横幅标语： The marchers waved banners saying ‘We
want work'.游行者打着横幅标语，上面写着“我们要工作”。2lit
a flag【文】旗，旗帜 3 under the banner of in the name of (a
principle or aim); for the cause of 在·旗帜下，在··名义下；为
了··的事业： The new government came to power under the
banner of fighting poverty.新政府是在对贫穷开战的名义下上
台的。
banner head-line /，·.··/ n a HEADLINE that goes across the
whole width of a newspaper〔报纸的〕通栏大标题
Ban-nister /`baeniste; 'baenste/. Sir Roger (1929- ) a Brit
ish runner who, in 1954， became the first person to run a mile
in less than four minutes 班尼斯特〔(1929- )，英国田径运动员
1954年成为在4分钟内跑完1英里的第一人)
ban-nock /`baenek; 'baenek/ n especially ScotE a flat cake mad
of OATMEAL or MAIZE【尤苏格兰】燕麦[玉米]薄饼
Ban·nock-burn /baenekb3n; 'baenekb3:n/ a village in the cen.
tral part of Scotland that is known as the place where Robert
he Bruce, King of the Scots, defeated the English in a famous
battle in 1314班诺克本〔位于苏格兰中部地区的一个村庄。1314
年在该地的一场著名战役中，苏格兰国王罗伯特一世大败英格兰军
队〕
banns /baenz; baenz/ n [P] a public declaration usually made in
church, of an intended marriage. In Britain, banns are read out
on three separate Sundays before a marriage takes place. They
include the words, 'If any of you know cause or just impedi
ment, why these two persons should not be joined together in
holy Matrimony, ye are to declare it.' In the US, banns are not
usually declared now.〔一般指预先在教堂发布的〕结婚公告〔在
英国，结婚公告分别于婚礼前的三个星期天宣读，其中有一句话是
“你们中若有人持正当理由认为此二人不能合法结为夫妇，敬请宣
布。”在美国，现在一般不宣布结婚公告了〕
ban.quet'/`baenkwit; 'baenkwt/ n a formal dinner for many
people in honour of a particular person or occasion 宴会
banquet2v [I] to take part in a banquet 出席宴会；宴饮
Ban.quo /`baenkwo; 'baenkweu/ a character in SHAKESPEARE's
play MACBETH. Macbeth gives secret orders for Banguo to be
murdered, but Banquo later returns as a ghost during an im-
portant celebration, to remind Macbeth that he is guilty and
that his plans will fail.班柯〔莎士比亚戏剧《麦克白》中的人物。
麦克白下密令谋杀了班柯，但后来班柯在一次重要的庆典中以鬼魂
显灵，提醒麦克白他有罪，阴谋必将败露〕
ban.shee /`baenfi; baen'fi:/ n (especially in Ireland) a spiri
whose cry is believed to mean that there will be a death in the
house〔尤指爱尔兰传说会大声哭号以预报凶讯的〕报丧女妖
ban-tam /`baentem; 'baentem/ n a small kind of farm chicken 矮
脚鸡
ban.tam.weight /`baentem,wet; 'baentemweit/ n a BOXER
heavier than a FLYWEIGHT but lighter than a FEATHERWEIGHT
〔拳击〕最轻量级选手
ban.ter1/`baente; 'baente/n [U] light joking talk; REPARTEE玩
笑，戏谑，妙语：The actress exchanged banter with reporters.
女演员与记者互相开玩笑
banter2 v[I] to speak or act playfully or jokingly 开玩笑，逗乐
~ing adj: bantering remarks 逗乐的话 - ~ingly adv
Ban·tu /baen`tu; baen'tu:n [U]1 one of a large group of Af
rican languages that are spoken in central, eastern, or southern
Africa, including SWAHILI and ZULU班图语族〔非洲诸语言中
的一支,通行于中非、东非或非洲南部,包括斯瓦希里语及祖鲁语
2 [C] a person from central, eastern, or southern Africa who
speaks one of the Bantu languages. Some people find this name
offensive.班图人〔分布于中非、东非或非洲南部，操班图语族中的
种语言，有人认为该词会令人不快〕
Ban·tu·stan /baentu`stan; baentu:'sta:n/ one of several areas
in South Africa that were established by the white government
as partly independent countries where black people could go
and live. The official name for these areas was HOMELANDS
but they stopped existing when APARTHEID ended in the early
1990s.班图斯坦〔白人政府在南非圈定的半独立黑人国家区域之
一，其正式名称是“黑人家园”，20世纪90年代早期，随着种族隔
离制度的消亡而不复存在〕
ban·yan /`baenjen; 'baenjen/ also 又作 banyan tree /'/-
an Indian fruit tree whose branches grow down towards the
ground and form new roots〔印度〕榕树
bap /baep; baep/ n BrE a large soft bread ROLL, usually with a
fine covering of flour on top【英】大面包卷
bap.tis.m /baeptizem; 'baeptizam/ n 1 [C; U] a Christian reli-
gious ceremony in which a person is touched or covered with
water to make them pure and free from guilt or SIN and show
that they have been accepted as a member of the Church. Bap-
tism is often also used as a ceremony for officially giving a
name to a baby.〔基督教的〕洗礼，浸礼〔洗礼也常作为给婴儿正
式起名的一个仪式)- see also 另见 CHRISTEN.GODPARENT 2
baptism of fire a difficult or unpleasant first experience of
something 火的洗礼；初次经历[考验] - -mal /baep`tizml; baep-
'tizmel/ adj
Bap.tist /'baeptist; 'baeptst/ n a member of a Christian religious
group which believes that BAPTISM should only be for people
who are old enough to understand its meaning, and that they
should be completely covered with water. The Baptists are the
largest Protestant group in the US, especially in the South.浸
信会教友〔主张只对长大成人并明了洗礼之意义者才施以全身浸水
洗礼的基督教教派成员。浸信会是美国最大的清教徒团体，尤其是
在美国南部地区) - see also 另见 SOUTHERN BAPTIST - Bap-
tist adj: a Baptist church 浸信会教派的教堂
bap·tize also 又作 -tise BrE【英】/baep`taiz; baep'taiz/ v [T] 1 to
perform the ceremony of baptism on (a person). In many Chris-
tian Churches babies are baptized when they are quite young.
but some Churches believe that only adults can be baptized
when they are able to make their own choice to do it.给·.·施行
洗礼〔在许多基督教教派中，小孩子很小就接受洗礼，但有些教派
认为只有成年人才可以接受洗礼，那时他们可以自己决定是否需要
那样做]2 [+obj+n] to admit as a member of the stated church
by baptism 为··施行洗礼并吸纳入该教会： He was baptized a
Roman Catholic. 他受洗礼成为罗马天主教徒。3 [+obj+n] to
give(someone)a name at baptism 洗礼时给〔某人)命名：She
was baptized Sheila Jane.她受洗礼时被命名为希拉·简
*bar'/bar; ba: / n 1 a piece of solid material that is longer than it
is wide 条状硬物，棒，杆，条： a bar of soap/chocolate/gold/iron
条肥皂；一块条形巧克力；一根金条；一根铁条2 a length of
wood or metal across a door, gate, or window to keep it shut or
prevent movement through it 〔门窗的〕闩；横木：障碍物： There
were bars across the windows of the Drison.牢房的窗户上都
有铁条。|(fig. 喻) His bad English is a bar to (=prevents) his
getting a job.他蹩脚的英语是他找工作的障碍。|(fig.喻)The
government has announced a total bar on imports of luxury
cars.政府已宣布全面禁止豪华汽车进口。3 (a place with) a
COUNTER' where a alcoholic drinks are served 酒吧（间）；出售
酒的柜台： There are several bars in the hotel.旅馆中有好几个
酒吧。I There were no free tables, so they stood at the bar.没
有空的餐桌，因此他们到酒吧柜台边站着。| What time does the
bar close?酒吧什么时候关门？ b a particular kind of food or
drink is served 小吃店；卖小吃的柜台： a coffee bar 咖啡店[相
台] ⊥ a snack bar 小吃店[柜台] 」 a sandwich bar 三明治小吃
店[柜台] - see also 另见 WINE BAR 4 (in a court of law) a
division between the part in which the business of the court is
carried on and the part intended for the prisoner or the public
〔法庭上把法官席、被告席或旁听席隔开的]围栏：the prisoner at
the bar (=the person being tried)在法庭受审的人」 (fig.喻)
Your policies will be judged at the bar of public opinion
(=by the public)你的政策将受到舆论的裁判。- see also另见
BAR 5 a group of notes and rests in music that add up to a
particular time value （乐曲中的） 一小节： She sang the first three
bars of the song, and then stopped.她唱了歌曲开头的三小节，
0113
然后就停下来。6 a bank of sand or stones under the water par
allel to a shore, at the entrance to a HARBOUR etc〔港口等的〕沙
洲；暗礁 7 especiglly lit a narrow band of colour or light 【尤文】
〔色、光的)线条，条纹，带：bars of sunlight 一束束的阳光8a
narrow band of metal or cloth worn on a military uniform to
show rank, service, or good performance〔军服上的)军阶杠：〔表
示军功的〕绶带：〔表示兵种的线条〕徽章9aCROSSBAR横木：横
梁 10 behind bars in prison 在狱中 - see also 另见 BARRED
(1). COLOUR BAR
*bar2v -rr- [T] 1 [(UP)] to close firmly with a bar 闩上，闩住： to
bar the door 把门闩上「 The empty house was barred up for
the winter.(=closed completely)那间空房子的门窗冬天都关死
了。-- opposite 反义词 unbar 2 [+obj+adv/prep] to keep in
or out by barring a door, gate etc 把··关在里面[外面]： They
barred themselves in. 他们把自己关在里面。| She barred them
out of her room. 她把房门闩上，不让他们进去。3 [often pass.
常用被动语态] to prevent movement through or into; block阻
止通行：阻挡，阻拦：After the bombing, the whole area was
barred to the public. 轰炸后，整个地区禁止公众通行。| The
road ahead was barred by a solid line of policemen.前面的
道路被警察的密集防线所阻拦。4 [(from)] a to prevent from
entering; keep out 禁止入内；摒除，排挤于··外： The members
voted to bar women from the club.会员表决不让妇女加入该俱
乐部。| Traffic has been barred from the city centre.市中心
禁止车辆通行。b to forbid; PROHIBIT 禁止，不准： He has beer
barred from playing for two weeks because of bad behaviour
他因行为失于检点而被禁参赛两周。- see also 另见 no holds
barred(HOLD2)
bar3 prep except 除··外： The whole group was at the party
bar John. 全组人除约翰外都出席了聚会。| He's the best singer
in the country, bar none. (=without any exceptions)他是全国
最佳歌手，无人可比。- see also 另见 BARRING
Bar, the n 1 BrE the profession of being a BARRISTER (=type of
lawyer who is allowed to speak in the higher courts of law), or
the members of this profession【英】律师业，大律师界〔指有资
格出庭处理诉讼案件的律师) ：He retired after 25 years at the Bar
当了25年大律师后，他退休了。2 AmE the profession of being
a lawyer, or the members of this profession 【美】律师业，律师
界： the State Bar of California 加利福尼亚州律师界 3 AmE
infml the exam that you must take to become a lawyer 【美，非
正式】律师资格考试 4 be called to the Bar BrE to become a
barrister【英】成为大律师，取得出庭辩护律师资格
barb /barb; ba:b/ n 1 the sharp point of a fish hook, ARROW etc
with a curved shape which prevents it from being easily pulled
out〔鱼钩、箭头等的〕倒钩，倒刺 2 a remark that is clever or
amusing but also cruel and sharp 带刺的言辞 - see also 另见
BARBED
Bar-ba.dos /bar`bedos; ba:'beidps/ an island in the Caribbean
Sea. Population: 265,000 (1994). Capital: Bridgetown. Barba
dos used to belong to the UK, but has been an independent
member of the British COMMONWEALTH since 1966. It is a
popular place for tourists.巴巴多斯〔加勒比海中的一个岛国。人
口：265,000(1994)，首都：布里奇敦。曾附属于英国，自1966年
起成为英联邦独立成员国，是旅游胜地〕
bar.bar.i.an /bar`berien; ba:'bearien/ n often derog an uncivi-
lized person, especially one who is rough and wild in behaviour
【常贬】野蛮人，未开化的人；粗野的人：The barbarians con
quered Rome. 野蛮人征服了罗马。| (fig. 喻) barbarians who
had never even heard of the great composer 从未听说过这位
大作曲家的老粗 - barbarian adj: barbarian manners 野蛮
的举止
Bar-bar·i·ans, the /bar`berienz; ba:'bearienz/ a Rugby Union
team based in Britain, with other players from several countries.
Teams from other countries which come to Britain often play
against the Barbarians.异族队〔一支业余英式橄榄球队，总部设
在英国，球员均来自各个不同的国家，到英国来的其他国家球队常
与该队进行比赛〕
bar-bar-ic /bar`baerik; ba:'baerik/ adj usually derog【一般贬】1
very cruel; BRUTAL 非常残忍的，凶残的，粗野的： a barbaric ac
of terrorism 恐怖主义的暴行」 barbaric tortures 十分残忍的
刑罚 2 of or like a barbarian; BARBAROUS （似）野蛮人的： bar-
baric people/customs 野蛮的人[风俗] - ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
bar·bar·is·m /`barbe,rizem; 'ba:berizem/ n usually derog【—
般贬】1 [U] the rough uncivilized condition of being a barbar-
ian 野蛮（的生活方式），未开化 （状态） ： At that time, most of the
peoples of northern Europe were in a state of barbarism.那
时，大多数北欧人尚处在未开化状态。2[C] fml an offensive
word or action, especially a mistake in the use of language
【正式】无礼的行为；粗野的语言；不规范的语言
bar.bar.i.ty /bar`baereti; ba:'baerti/ n [C; U] (an example of)
cruelty of the worst kind 残暴；暴行： The barbarities of the
last war must not be repeated.上次战争的暴行绝不能重演。
bar·bar·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`barbe raiz; 'ba:beraiz/
[T] to make cruel and rough in manners 使变残暴，使变野蛮
bar·bar·ous /`barberes; 'ba:beres/ adj usually derog【一般贬】
1 rough and uncivilized 野蛮的，粗野的，未开化的，不文明的
barbarous people野蛮人 2 very cruel; BARBARIO 非常残忍
的，凶残的 3 fml offensive in behaviour or manners, especially
by making mistakes in the use of language【正式】〔言行〕无礼
的；〔尤指语言〕粗鄙的：a barbarous writer/style 语言芜杂的作
家[文体] - ~ly adv
bar·be·cue1 /`barbi kju; 'ba:bikju:/ also 又作 barbie Austr
and BrE infml【澳和英，非正式】-bbq AmE infml【美，非正
式】- n 1 a metal frame on which to cook food, especially
meat, over an open fire, usually outdoors〔常用于室外的〕烤肉
架 2 a party at which food is prepared in this way and eaten烧
烤野餐： We had a barbecue on the beach.我们在海滩上举行
了烧烤野餐。
barbecue2v [T] to cook (meat) a on a barbecue （用烤肉架）烧
烤〔肉〕： barbecued chicken〔用烤肉架烧的〕烤鸡 b in a very
hot SAUCE 用烧烤酱烧烤
barbed /barbd; ba:bd/ adj 1 with one or more BARBS or short
sharp points 装有倒钩[倒刺]的，带刺的： a barbed hook 有倒刺
的钩2(of something spoken or written) sharp and unkind,
especially in judging a person, their ideas etc〔说话、文章)尖酸
刻薄的；a barbed remark 尖刻伤人的话
barbed wire /· ·√ also 又作 barbwire AmE【美】 - n [U] wire
with short sharp points on it 有刺铁丝： a barbed-wire fence to
keep the cattle in 用来把牛围住的有刺铁丝栅栏
bar·bell /`bar bel; 'ba: bel/ n AmE a metal stick with round
weights at each end which is lifted to build strength【美】杠铃
bar.ber /`barba; 'ba:be/ n a person (usually a man) who cuts
men's hair, sometimes SHAVES them, and who usually works
in a shop (barber's BrE【英】‖ barbershop AmE【美】)〔以男
性为服务对象的、通常为男性的)理发师：I've got an appointment
at the barber's.我预约好在理发店里理发。- compare比较
HAIRDRESSER
Barber, Sam·u·el /`saemjuel; 'saemjuel/ (1910-1981) a US COM-
POSER who is known especially for his Adagio for Strings
(1936), which was used in the film Platoon (1986)巴伯〔(1910
1981),美国作曲家，尤以作品《弦乐的柔板》(1936)闻名，该曲被
用于影片《野战排》(1986)中)
Barbera - see 参 HANNA-BARBERA
Barber of Se·ville, The /，...'/ an OPERA by Rossini, based
on a French play by Beaumarchais《塞维利亚的理发师》〔罗西
尼根据博马舍所著的一部法国剧本所创作的歌剧〕
bar-bershop /`barbefap; 'ba:befop/ adj describing a style of
singing popular songs in four parts in close HARMONY (=with
the notes of each part close together in sound)男声四重唱的： a
barbershop quartet 男声四重唱
barber's pole /'/   pole
painted in red and white STRIPES
barber's pole
(1), used as a street sign outside an
理发店旋转标志彩柱
old-fashioned men's hairdresser's
(HAIRDRESSER)理发店旋转标志彩
柱〔红白彩条相间的立柱，立于旧式
男子理发店外作为招牌〕
bar.bi.can /`barbiken; 'ba:biken/ n
a tower for defence at a gate or
bridge 碉堡，桥头堡，更楼
Barbican, the also 又作 the Barbi-
can Centre a large group of build-
ings in central London, which in-
cludes two theatres, two cinemas,
a concert hall, an ART GALLERY, res-
taurants, and shops 巴比肯〔伦敦市
中心的一组建筑群，包括两座剧院、两座电影院、一座音乐厅、一座
艺术作品陈列馆以及餐厅、商店等)：There's dnew Royal Shakes-
peare Company production of 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'
at the Barbican.皇家莎士比亚剧团的新作《仲夏夜之梦》在巴比
肯上演。-- see colour map on page A4 参见 A4 页彩色地图
bar-bie /`barbi; 'ba:bi/ n AustrE and BrE infml a BARBECUE
【澳和英，非正式】〔常用于室外的〕烤肉架；烧烤野餐
Barbie doll /'./ trademark a popular type of DOLL in the shape
of an attractive young woman, used as a child's toy. There is a
male doll called Ken, who is Barbie's BOYFRIEND, and there is
also a large variety of fashionable clothes, cars, furniture etc
designed for Barbie and Ken. A woman is sometimes com-
pared to a Barbie doll if she is attractive, wears a lot of MAKE-
UP and always has new clothes, but is not very intelligent.
0114
【商标】芭比娃娃〔一种受大众喜爱的玩具娃娃，为迷人的年轻女子
模样。男玩具娃娃肯是芭比的男友，此外还有许多为芭比和肯设计
的各式时髦服装、汽车、家具等。如果一位女子长相迷人、爱打扮，
但不是十分聪明的话，人们有时会将她比作“芭比娃娃”〕- com-
pare 比较 SINDY
bar bil-liards /， '·/ n [U] a game usually played in pubs, in
which players use long sticks (CUES) to push balls into holes in
a table, without knocking over any of the small pieces of wood
which stand near the holes 酒吧台球〔一种通常在酒吧里玩的落
袋游戏，用球杆将球推入桌洞中而不能将设在洞口附近的障碍木碰
倒〕
bar·bi.tu.rate /bar`bitjuret; ba: 'bitfrt/n [C; U] med a pow-
erful drug that makes people calm and puts them to sleep【医】
巴比土酸盐〔一种镇静剂、安眠药〕
Bar-bour /`barba; 'ba:ber/ trademark a type of coat made ir
the UK of a material that wind and rain cannot go through.
Barbours are known for being good quality expensive coats,
and they were traditionally worn by farmers and other people
who live in the country. More recently, they have also become
fashionable with people who live in cities.【商标】巴伯牌风雨
衣〔英国制造的一种外套，采用防风、防雨的面料，以质量上乘、价
格昂贵而著称。习惯上为农民及居住在乡村的人士穿着，近来城市
居民也以身穿该种服装为时髦)- see also 另见 GREEN WELLIE
BRIGADE
barb-wire /barb`waie;ba:b'waie/ n AmE BARBED WIRE【美】
有刺铁丝
Bar.ce.lo.na /barsi`lone; ba:s'leune a large city in NE Spair
on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the REGION of
Catalonia, and is famous for its many art collections and its
buildings by the ARCHITECT Gaudi.巴塞罗那〔位于西班牙东北
部、地中海沿岸的大城市，为加泰罗尼亚地区首府，以大量艺术藏
品及建筑师高迪设计的楼房而著名〕
bar chart /'/ also 又作 bar graph AmE【美】- n a way of
showing changes in amounts, e.g. of population or profits,
which is similar to a GRAPH but uses RECTANGULAR shapes
positioned side by side instead of a line or curve 〔用大小不同
的长方体显示数量变化用于统计上的)条形图（表） - see also另
见 FLOWCHART, PIE CHART
Bar.clay.card /barklikard; 'ba:klika:d/ trademark a type of
CREDIT CARD available from Barclays Bank【商标】〔巴克莱银
行发行的〕巴克莱信用卡：Do you take (=accept payment by)
Barclaycard?你们这儿可以用巴克莱信用卡付款吗？|I've lost
my Barclaycard.我的巴克莱信用卡丢了。
Bar·clays Bank /barkliz `baenk;ba:kliz 'baenk/ also 又作
Barclays one of the main British banks. Most towns and cities
in the UK have a Barclays Bank.巴克莱银行〔英国主要银行之
,在大多数城镇都设有分行〕
bar code /'/n a system of representing information in a way
that can be read by a computer, consisting of a special LABEL
made up of thick and thin lines on products in shops, factories
etc 条形码，条码〔厂商印在产品包装上的粗细不同的一组条纹，用
电脑扫描便可了解该产品的有关资料〕
bard /bard; bo:d/ n lit a poet 【文】诗人
Bard of A von, the / bard ev `even; ba:d ev 'ervan/ a poetic
name for William SHAKESPEARE, based on the name of the
River Avon at Stratford, where he was born 埃文河畔诗人〔莎
士比亚的别称，富有诗意，因莎士比亚出生于斯特拉特福镇的埃文
河畔而得名〕
Bar.dot /bar`do; ba:'deu/, Bri·gitte /bri`3it; bri'3i:t/ (1934-)
a French film actress who was known during the 1950s and
1960s as a SEX SYMBOL (=someone who is famous for being
very sexually attractive). She is now very active in trying to
protect the rights of animals.巴多〔(1934-)，法国电影女演员、
20世纪50、60年代作为性感偶像而闻名，她现在致力于动物权益
保护活动〕
skin 裸露的身体；无毛的皮肤 」 You'll cut yourself if you walk
around here in bare feet,你赤脚在这周围行走，会划破脚的。|
The trees are bare. (=without leaves)树上的叶子全落光了，光
秃秃的。| bare floorboards (=not covered by any material)
(没铺地毯等物的)光地板 2 not hidden; open to view or ex
amination 无遮蔽的，无遮掩的；暴露的： The investigation has
laid bare their fraudulent scheme.这个调查把他们的骗局
暴露无遗。| the bare truth 赤裸裸的事实 3 [(of)] empty 空的
The cupboard was bare. 食橱里空空的。| The thieves stripped
the house bare. (=took everything) 那些贼把那座房子偷窃[洗
劫] 一空。| a room bare of furniture 没有家具的房间 4 [A]
with nothing added 仅有的，勉强的，最低限度的： I killed it with
my bare hands. (=without any weapon)我赤手空拳杀死了它。|
Just give us the bare facts of the case.你只要向我们提供案件
最低限度的事实真相就行。| the bare necessities of life 仅能维
持生活的必需品| He did the bare minimun of revision (=the
smallest amount possible) necessary to pass the exam.他简单
地复习了一下，只求通过考试。- see also 另见 BARELY - ~ness
n[U]
bare2v [T] 1 to bring to view, especially by taking off a covering;
EXPOSE 使赤裸，露出，暴露： The dog bared its teeth.狗露出了
牙齿。| He bared his head (=took his hat off) as a sign of
respect when the funeral passed by.当出殡的行列走过时，他
脱下帽子以示尊敬。2 bare one's heart/soul to make known
one's deepest feelings 披肝沥胆，诉说衷情，剖白心事
bare-assed / '/ adj AmE slang not wearing any clothes 【美
俚】光屁股的
bare·back /`ber baek; 'beebaek/ adj, ady [A] on the bare back
of a horse; without a SADDLE 无马鞍的 [地]： a bareback rider
骑无鞍马的骑手」to ride bareback 骑无鞍马
bare bones // n [P (of)] the simplest but most important
parts or facts 梗概： the bare bones of the matter 事情的梗概
bare.faced /ber fest; bee'feist/ adj shameless and noticeable
in an offensive way; BLATANT 厚颜无耻的，露骨的；公然的； a
barefaced lie无耻的谎言 -- ~ly /`ber fesidli; _be''ferstl/ adv
bare·foot /`ber fut; 'beefut/ also 又作 bare·foot·ed /br`futid:
bee'futd- adj, adv without shoes or other covering on
the feet 赤脚的[地]： The children go barefoot in summer,夏
天孩子都赤着脚。
bare.head·ed /bar`hadid; bee'hedd/ adj, adv without a hat
or other covering on the head 光着头的[地]，不戴帽的[地]
bare·leg.ged /ber`legd; bee'legd/ adj, ady with no cover-
ing on the legs 光着腿的[地]，没穿袜子的[地]_
bare·ly /`barli; 'beeli/ adv 1 almost not; only just; hardly几乎
没有，仅仅，勉强地，刚刚： She had barely arrived when she had
to leave again. 她刚到达，又得走了。| We have barely enough
money to last the weekend. 我们的钱只能勉强维持到周末。
The scar on her cheek is now barely noticeable.她面颊上的
伤疤现在几乎看不出来了。- see 参见 HARDLY (USGAE) 2 in
a bare way 贫乏地， 不充分地；几乎无装饰地： The room was fur-
nished barelv, (=with very little furniture)这房间陈设简陋。
Bar.en·boim /`baerenboim; 'baerenboim/, Daniel (1942-)a
PIANIST and CONDUCTOR who was born in Argentina and has
been a musical director in several countries. He was married
to the famous CELLO player, Jacqueline DU PRE.巴伦博伊姆
〔出生于阿根廷的钢琴家和指挥家，曾在好几个国家任指挥，其妻
为著名大提琴家杰奎琳·杜·普蕾〕
barf /barf; ba:f/ y [I] AmE infml VOMIT1【美，非正式】呕吐：呕
出，吐出： He'd been drinking too much and barfed all over
the sidewalk. 他喝酒喝得太多，在人行道上吐了一地。- barf
n [U]: the smell of barf on the sidewalk 人行道上呕吐物的气
味
barf bag /'/n AmE infml a small paper bag used on passenger
aircraft by people who need to be sick【美，非正式】〔客机上供
乘客使用的〕呕吐袋
bar.fly /`bar flar: 'ba:flai/ n infml someone who spends a lot of
time in bars drinking alcohol【非正式】〔饮酒无度的〕酒吧间常
客
bar food /'/n [U] food obtainable at the bar of a PUB, usually
plain but filling hot meals or cold sandwiches （ SANDWICH1(1)
酒吧食物〔通常是一些简单但能填饱肚子的热餐或冷的三明治〕
bar.gain1 /`bargin; 'ba:gn/ n 1 an agreement, made between
two people or groups, to do something in return for something
else 协议；交易，成交条件： We've made a bargain that he will
do the shopping and I'll cook. 我们讲定了，他买东西我做饭。|
The management and the union leaders have struck a
bargain.(=reached an agreement)资方和工会领导人达成了协
议。| They haven't kept their side of the bargain,他们没有遵
守协议。| Be careful if you're doing business with him; he
drives a hard bargain. (=tends to make agreements that are
very much in his favour)你和他打交道要当心；他会极力迫使你
接受苛刻的条件。2 something for sale or bought for less than
its real value 便宜货，廉价货： These shoes are a real bargain
at such a low price. 这些鞋价钱这么低，确实便宜。| a bargain
price 便宜的价格 | to go bargain hunting (=looking for cheap
things to buy)到处找廉价货购买 3 any piece of business tak-
ing place on the STOCK EXCHANGE〔股票交易所的〕交易 4 into
the bargain BrE【英】 ‖ in the bargain AmE【美】 in addition
to everything else 此外，外加，而且： She had to look after four
children, and her sick mother into the bargain,她必须照管四
个孩子，此外还要照料她有病的母亲。5 make the best of a bad
bargain to do the best one can under difficult conditions困难
时尽力而为；善处逆境，随遇而安
bargain2v [I (with, about)] to talk about the conditions of a
0115
bargain basement
sale, agreement, or contract; NEGOTIATE 讲价钱，讨价还价；谈
判[交易]条件： If you bargain with them they might reduce
the price.如果你和他们讲价钱,他们可能会降价。」 The in-
creased demand for their skills has given these workers
greater bargaining power.对这些工人的技能需求在增加，这
使他们有更大的讨价还价的本钱。-~er n:wage bargainers
工资谈判者
bargain sthg.  away phr v [T] to give away or give up in
return for something of less value贱卖，廉价出售；轻易放弃：
The unions bargained away their rights in exchange for d
small pay rise. 工会牺牲了他们的权利以换取增加少量的工资。
bargain for sbdy./sthg., also 又作 bargain on sbdy./sthg
AmE【美】-— phr ν [T usually in negatives 一般用于否定句] to
take into account; consider as likely or possible; expect 考虑，
估计到，预料到： I hadn't bargained for such heavy rain, and I
got very wet. 我没料到会下这么大雨，所以浑身都湿透了。| [+v-
ing] We didn't bargain on spending so much money on hotels.
我们没估计到住旅馆要花这么多钱。| I just asked for a sand
wich but I got more than I'd bargained for - they brought
me an enormous plate of food! 我只要了一份三明治，但我得到
了比我预料的多得多—他们给我送来一大盘食物！
bargain base.ment /'../ n especially AmE a part of a large
shop, usually the BASEMENT(=floor below ground level), where
goods are sold at reduced prices【尤美】〔通常设在大商场地下
室的〕廉价商品部
bargaining chip /'.，/ also 又作 bargaining coun.ter /'.·./
BrE【英】-n something that you offer or use in order to gain
an advantage in a business or political deal 商业或政治交易中
可进行讨价还价的筹码，有利条件： The country's oil supply will
be used as a bargaining chip in the talks.会谈中，该国的石油
供应量将被用作讨价还价的筹码。
barge1/bard3; ba:d3/ n 1 a large low flat-bottomed boat used
mainly for carrying heavy goods on a CANAL or river （行驶于
运河或河流中的〕驳船，平底载货船2 a motorboat carried by
naval ships for the use of officers〔军舰上供海军高级军官用的)
专用汽艇 3 a large rowing boat used chiefly on rivers for im-
portant people on ceremonial occasions〔用桨划的仪式用〕大
游船，游舫
barge2v [I+adv/prep] (of a person) to move in a heavy un
graceful way, often hitting against things 笨拙地走动；乱碰乱
撞： He barged onto the bus before everyone else.他冲冲撞撞
地抢在其他人前面挤上了公共汽车。| She ran round the cor-
ner and barged into (=hit against) one of the teachers.她跑着
绕过拐角，和一个老师撞了个满怀。
barge in phr v [I (on)] to enter or rush in rudely; interrupt闯
入；干预；打断别人的谈话：The door burst open and the chil
dren barged in. 门猛地被推开，孩子们闯了进来。| He's always
barging in on other people's conversations.他总是打断别人
的谈话
barg·ee /bar`d3i;ba:'d3i:/ BrE【英】‖barge·man /`bard3men;
'ba:d3men/ AmE【美】- n a person who drives or works on a
barge on a CANAL 运河驳船的船夫
barge pole /'/n 1 a long pole used in pushing along and
guiding a barge〔驳船用的)船篙 2 I wouldn't touch it/him/
her etc with a barge pole (BrE 英)/with a ten-foot pole (AmE
美) - I want nothing to do with it/him/her 我才不想碰它[他：
她]呢！
bar graph /' / n AmE for【美】= BAR CHART
bar·hop /`barhap; 'ba:hop/ v[I] AmE infml 【美，非正式】 to visit
several bars, one after the other, and have alcoholic drinks at
each bar; BrE 【英】 PUB-CRAWL 连续在几个酒吧喝酒： Dave and
I went barhopping last Saturday night and got totally trashed
上周六晚，我和戴夫从一家酒吧喝到另一家，大伤元气。
Ba.rings Bank /`berinz `baenk; 'bearinz 'baenk/ - see 参见
Nick LEESON
bar.i.tone /`baere ton; 'baerteun/ n (a man with) a male singing
voice lower than TENOR and higher than BASS 男中音（歌手）
ba.ri.um /`beriem; 'beariem/ n [U] a soft silvery-white metal
钡
ba.ri·um meal /，.'/n a chemical substance that people drink
before they have X-RAYS, so that their inner organs will show
up more clearly 钡餐〔照X光前服下的物质，使内脏影像更清晰〕
bark1 /bark; ba:k/ v 1 [I (at)] to make the short sharp loud
sound that dogs and some other animals make〔狗等动物〕吠，
叫： The dog always barks at the postman. 那只狗总是对着邮
递员吠。2 [T (OUT)] to say (something) in a sharp loud voice
大声嚷，吼叫： The officer barked (out) an order.那位军官大
声下达命令。3 bark at the moon AmE to make a great t effort
to do something useless【美】狂犬吠月，徒劳无功 4 bark up the
wrong tree infml to direct one's efforts or actions at the wrong
person or in the wrong direction; have a mistaken idea【非正
式】认错了目标，走错了方向，弄错了；打错了主意：You're bark
ing up the wrong tree if you think she'll be able to help you.
要是你以为她能帮助你，那你是找错了对象了。
bark2n 1 the sharp loud sound made by a dog 狗叫声- see
also 另见 WOOF1 2 [usually sing.一般用单数] a sound or voice
like this 似狗吠的声音： the bark of the guns 枪声[炮声] 3 his
bark is worse than his bite infml he might shout a lot and
seem frightening, but he is really quite nice【非正式】他嘴巴
凶，但心不狠
bark3 n [U] the strong outer covering of a tree 树皮
bark4v [T] to rub the skin off (a knee, elbow etc), e.g. by falling
擦破〔膝盖、肘等)的皮: She barked her shins agains the
wheelbarrow.她碰到手推车上，擦破了胫部的皮。
bark5 also 又作 barque - n 1 a sailing ship with three MASTS,
having square sails on the first two and a three-cornered sail
on the third 三桅帆船〔前二桅用方帆，后桅用三角帆〕 2 lit a small
sailing ship of any type【文】小帆船，轻舟
bar keep·er /' ·/ n AmE for【美】= BARMAN
bark.er /`barke; 'ba:ke'/ n a person who stands outside a place
of public amusement, especially a CIRCUS, shouting to people
to come in〔尤指在马戏场等娱乐场所门口〕大声吆喝招揽观众的人
Bar·ker, Ron·nie /`rani; 'roni/ (1929- ) a British actor and
COMEDIAN best known for his parts in the British television
programmes Porridge, Open all Hours, and especially The
Two Ronnies, in which he performed with Ronnie Corbett
克〔(1929-)、英国演员和喜剧演员，以演出电视节目《粥》、《全天
开放》，尤其是与罗尼·科比特合作的《两个罗尼》而著称〕
bar·king /`barkin; 'ba:kin/ also 又作 barking mad /，· '·/ BrE
infml adj completely crazy【英，非正式】极度疯狂的；极度愚蠢
的： She's absolutely barking! 她完全疯了！
Bark-ley /`barkli; 'ba:kli/, Charles (1963-)a US BASKETBALL
player who plays FORWARD for the Philadelphia 76ers team.
He is known for his skill at throwing the ball in the basket, and
also for his determination to win and for expressing his opin-
ions in a loud and confident way.巴克利〔(1963- )，美国篮球
运动员，任费城76人队前锋，以投篮技巧和必胜的信念及充满自
信地大声直陈自己的观点而闻名
bar.ley /barli; 'ba:li/ n [U] a grasslike grain plant grown as a
food crop for people and cattle, and also used in the making of
alcoholic drinks, such as beer 大麦
Bar·ley·corn, John - see参见 JOHN BARLEYCORN
barley sug·ar /'·，·/ n [C; U] BrE a kind of sweet formerly
made with barley, often eaten to prevent sickness during trav-
elling【英】麦芽糖；大麦糖〔常用来防止在旅途中生病〕
barley wa·ter /'·.，.·/ n [U] BrE a drink made from barley and
fruit juice【英】大麦茶
barley wine /，./ n [U] especially BrE a type of very strong
beer【尤英】大麦酒〔一种烈性啤酒〕
bar.maid /bar med; 'ba:meid/ n especially BrE a woman who
serves drinks in a BAR1(3a). The British STEREOTYPE of a bar-
maid is a friendly, attractive woman, usually wearing a lot of
MAKE-UP and often with large breasts.【尤英】酒吧间女招待员，
酒吧女侍〔英国人心目中的酒吧女招待员的形象是一个热情漂亮的
女子，通常浓装艳抹，胸部丰满〕
bar·man /`barmen; 'b:men/ also 又作 bartender, bar keeper
especially AmE【尤美) -- n -men /-mon; -mon/ a man who
serves drinks in a BAR`(3a)酒吧间男招待员，酒吧男侍
bar mitz.vah /bar `mitsve; ba: 'mitsve/ n 1 the religious cer
emony held when a Jewish boy reaches the age of 13， the age
of religious duty and responsibility〔为年满13周岁犹太男孩进
行的)受诫礼 2 a boy for whom this ceremony is held 犹太受诫
少年
barm·y /barmi: 'ba:mi/ adj BrE infml foolish or a little mad
【英，非正式】愚蠢的；精神稍微错乱的： You must be barmy to
go playing football in weather like this. 这样的天气还去踢足
球，你一定是疯了
barn /barn; ba:n/ n 1 a farm building for storing crops and food
for animals, or for keeping animals in 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库；牲口
棚 2 infml a big bare plain building【非正式】空荡荡的大房子
a great barn of a house 一所很大的、空荡荡的房子 - see also
另见 DUTCH BARN
bar.na.cle /`barnekl; 'ba:nekel/ n a small SHELLFISH which
collects in large numbers on rocks and on the bottoms of ships,
and which is hard to remove 藤壶〔附在岩石、船底的甲壳类动
物〕
Bar.nard /'bamard; 'ba:na:d/, Chris.ti.aan /kristien;'kristien/
(1922-)a South African doctor who in 1967 performed the
first ever heart TRANSPLANT(=an operation to take a heart from
someone who has just died and put it into a living person)巴纳
0116
德〔(1922-)，南非医生，1967年施行了首例人类心脏移植手术
Bar.nar.do's /be`nardoz; be'na:deuz/ n a British organization
whose aim is to help children who have no parents or whose
parents are unable to take care of them. Barnardo's has special
homes for these children to live in.巴纳多医生之家〔英国一组
织，其目的是帮助孤儿及贫困儿童，并为他们提供特别的住所
barn dance /'/ n 1 a social gathering at which COUNTRY
DANCES are performed, originally held in a barn 谷仓舞会〔社
交集会，会上有乡村舞表演，最初在乡间的谷仓举行，故有此名〕2
especially BrE a dance performed at such a gathering 【尤英】
谷仓舞〔谷仓舞会上表演的舞蹈〕
Barnes and No.ble /barnz end 'nobl; ba:nz end 'neubal/
trademark a US company that sells books. It also has a WEBSITE
on the Internet from which customers can order books. 【商标】
巴诺公司〔美国的一家图书公司，在互联网上设有网址可供读者订
购书籍〕
bar·ney /`barni; 'ba:ni/ n [usually sing.一般用单数] infml, es-
pecially BrE a noisy quarrel【非正式，尤英】吵吵嚷嚷，大吵大
闹
Bar-ney a character in a US television series for young children
Barney is a purple DINOSAUR who speaks in a very gentle way
巴尼〔美国儿童电视连续剧中的角色，它是一头紫色的恐龙，说话
温文尔雅〕
barn-storm /barn storm: 'ba:nsto:m/ y [I] to travel from place
to place making short stops to give theatre performances or
make political speeches 巡回演出；巡回演说 -~ern
Bar.num /'barnem; 'ba:nem/, P.T. (1810-1891) a US business
man who started the American Museum, where he charged
people to look at strange-looking humans such as the first
SIAMESE TWINS, Chang and Eng, and the MIDGET (=a very small
person), General Tom Thumb. He is known especially for
starting a circus called The Greatest Show on Egrth, and later
the Barnum and Bailey Circus. He was one of the first busi-
nessmen to understand the importance of PUBLICITY and was
famous for savins 'There's a sucker born everv minute'. 巴纳
姆〔(1810-1891)，美国商人，开办了美国博物馆，在那里人们付费
参观畸形人，如暹罗连体双胞胎庄和荣，以及绰号为“拇指汤姆将
军”的侏儒。他尤以创建名为“人间第一奇观”的马戏团以及后来
的巴纳姆和贝利马戏团闻名。他是最先认识到宣传的重要性的商
人之一，他的一句名言是“每分钟都有一个傻瓜出生”〕
barn·yard /^barnjard; 'ba:nja:d/ n a FARMYARD谷仓场院，农
家粮仓旁的院子
ba.rom.e.ter /be`ramete; be'romte/ n 1 an instrument for
measuring the air pressure in order to judge probable changes
in the weather or to calculate height above sea level 气压计，晴
雨表 2 something that shows or gives an idea of changes e.g.
in public opinion 能显示变化的事物，〔舆论的〕晴雨表，变化的
标记： Tomorrow's by-election will be a barometer of the mood
in the whole country.明天的补缺选举将是国民情绪的晴雨表
--tric /，baere`metrik; baere'metrik/ adj - -trically /-kli;
-kli/ adv
bar.on /'baeren; 'baeren/ n 1 a British nobleman of the lowest
rank 男爵〔英国贵族中爵位最低者〕2 (usually in comb. 一般构
成复合词)a man, especially a businessman, who has great power
or influence〔工商业〕巨头，大王： an oil baron 石油大王 | a
press baron who owns three national newspapers 拥有三家
全国性报纸的报业大王」union barons 工会领袖
bar.on.ess /'baerenis; 'baerens/ n (in Britain) a woman who is
a the wife of a baron 〔英国的)男爵夫人 b of that rank in her
own right〔英国的〕女男爵
bar.on.et /`baerenit; 'baerent/ n a British KNIGHT'(2), lower in
rank than a baron, whose title passes on to his son when he
dies从男爵，准男爵〔英国最低的世袭爵位，但不是贵族〕-~cyn
ba.ro.ni.al /be`ronuel: be'reuniel/ adi 1 of or related to a BARON
男爵的；与男爵有关的 2 large, rich, and noble 富丽堂皇的，高
贵的，豪华的：a baronial hall富丽堂皇的大厅
bar·on·y /`baereni; 'baereni/ n the rank of a BARON 男爵爵位
ba.roque /be`rok; be'rok/ adj in a highly decorated style which
was fashionable in art, buildings, music etc in Europe during
the 17th century〔17世纪欧洲艺术、建筑、音乐等〕巴罗克风格的：
过分雕琢的 - compare 比较 ROCOCO - baroque n [the]
barque /bark; ba:k/n a BARK5三桅帆船；小帆船
Barr /bar; ba:/, Ro-seanne /ro`zaen; reu'zaen/ (1953-) a US
female COMEDIAN who is known for having strong opinions,
for joking about things and people in a rude way, and for being
fat. She had a very popular television show called ROSEANNE
about the life of a WORKING-CLASS American family.巴尔
〔(1953-)，美国女喜剧演员，以坚定的看法、对凡人俗事的粗俗
嘲弄及肥胖而闻名。她曾演出过一个叫做《罗丝安妮》的电视节目，
广受大众欢迎，该剧讲述了美国一个工人阶级家庭的生活〕
bar.rack /'baerek; 'baerek/ v [I: T] 1 BrE to interrupt by shout-
ing or pretended cheering; JEER (at)【英】起哄；喝倒彩；嘲笑
They barracked (the speaker) throughout the meeting.他们
在会上一直不断地给（演讲人）喝倒彩。2 AustrE to cheer in sup-
port(of)【澳】呐喊助威
bar.racks /^baereks; 'baereks/ n barracks [C+sing./pl. v] a build-
ing or group of buildings that soldiers live in 兵营，营房
barra.cu.da /，baere`kude;,baere'kju:de/ n -da or -das a large
fierce flesh-eating tropical fish 梭子鱼〔凶猛的食肉热带大海鱼〕
bar.rage1 /baerid3; 'baera:3/ n a bank of earth, stones etc built
across a river to provide water for farming or to prevent flood-
ing 拦河坝，堰堤
barrage2 /be`ra3; 'baera:3/ n 1 the continuous firing of a num-
ber of heavy guns, done especially to give protection to sol-
diers as they advance upon the enemy 掩护炮火 2 [(of)] a large
number of questions, statements etc, made at almost the same
time or very quickly one after the other 连珠炮似的问题[说话
等]： a nonstop barrage of questions 连珠炮似的质问」 a bar-
rage of criticism 一连串的批评
barred /bard; ba:d/ adj 1 having bars, especially of the stated
number 上了闩的： a five-barred gate 有五道门闩的大门 2 fml
having bands of different colours【正式】有不同颜色条纹的：
barred feathers 花纹羽毛
*bar.rel'/baerel; 'baerel/ n 1 a round usually wooden container
with curved sides and a flat top and bottom 〔中间鼓起的)圆
(木)桶，琵琶桶： a beer barrel 啤酒桶 | The wine is left to
mature in oak barrels. 酒存放在橡木桶中酿。2 [(of)] also 又
作 bar·rel·ful /-ful; -ful/ the amount of liquid that a barrel
contains, especially used as a unit of oil production 一桶之量
〔尤用作石油产量的计量单位)：This country produces almost
2 million barrels of oil per day.这个国家每天生产约200万桶
油。| The price of crude oil has gone up by 50 cents a barrel.
原油价格每桶上涨了50美分。3 a long tube-shaped part of a
gun 枪 [炮] 管： a rifle barrel 来福枪管 4 over a barrel infml in
a position of serious disadvantage 【非正式】处于不利地位： They're
charging an exorbitant price for fixing the car, but they've
got us over a barrel because we can't do without it.他们修理
这部汽车索价极高，我们被逼得只好听其摆布，因为我们不能没有
车。- see also 另见 lock, stock, and barrel (LOCK1),scrape
the (bottom of the) barrel (SCRAPE1)
barrel2v-I- [I] AmE infml to move fast, especially unsafely
【美，非正式】〔尤指危险地〕高速行驶，飞奔：He barreled along
the road at 90 miles an hour.他以每小时90英里的速度驱车飞
驰。| She went barreling into the teacher as she ran around
the corner.她跑着拐弯的时候一头撞在老师的身上。
barrel-chest.ed /../ adj a man who is barrel-chested has a
large strong round chest 〔指男性〕胸部厚实发达的
barrel or.gan /'../ n a big musical instrument which can be
moved from place to place and is played by turning a handle,
usually by street musicians for money. In the past, when street
musicians played barrel organs, they often had a pet monkey
who sat on the barrel organ.手摇风琴〔过去街头乐师在演奏手
摇风琴的时候经常带着一只宠物猴，并让它坐在手摇风琴上〕
bar.ren /`baeren; 'baeren/ adj1 (of women or female animals)
not able to produce children or young; INFERTILE〔妇女或雌性
动物〕不孕的，不生育的 2 (of trees or plants) producing no fruit
or seed 〔树或植物〕不结果实的，不结籽的 3 (of soil) too poor to
produce a good crop 〔土地〕贫瘠的： barren wastelands 贫瘠的
荒地 4 useless; empty; producing no result 无用的；空洞的；无
结果的； a barren discussion 毫无结果的讨论 - ~ness n [U]
bar·rette /ba`rat; be'ret/ n AmE for【美】= HAIR SLIDE
bar.ri.cade'/,baere`ked; 'baerkeid/ n a quickly built structure
of trees, earth, bricks etc, put across a road or passage to stop
anyone from passing or entering, and usually intended for use
over a limited time only〔临时构筑的〕路障：街垒
barricade2v [T] 1 to block off or close off with a barricade 
路障于；以障碍物阻塞： to barricade the street/the windows 在
街道上设路障：把窗户堵上2 [+obi+ady/prep] to defend or shut
in with a barricade （设路障来） 保卫；构筑防御工事固守于： The
terrorists barricaded themselves in (the embassy).恐怖分子
(在使馆中)筑起工事固守
Bar.rie /`baeri; 'baeri/, J.M. (1860-1937) a Scottish writer of
plays and novels, best known for his children's story PETER
PAN巴里〔(1860-1937)苏格兰剧作家和小说家，以儿童剧《彼得
潘》最为出名〕
bar.ri.er /baerie; 'baerie/ n 1 something that is used to keep
people or things apart or to prevent or control their movement
障碍物；栅栏；关卡： The police put up barriers to control the
crowd. 警察设置了栅栏以控制人群。| Show your ticket at the
barrier before you board the train.上火车前先在进站口的检
0117
票处出示你的车票。| The football fans broke through the bar
riers and rushec onto the pitch.足球迷冲破栅栏进入球场。
The cream acts as a barrier against infection. 这种润肤霜可
作为一种屏障，防止感染。2[(to)] something non-physical that
keeps people apart or prevents activity, movement etc 隔阂，
障碍：social/ethnic/language barriers 社会的[种族的；语言的]
障碍 | Lack of confidence is the biggest barrier to invest-
ment in the region.缺乏信心是在这一地区投资的最大障碍。
bar·ring /`barin; 'ba:rin/ prep except for 除·之外，除非： Bar
ring any last-minute problems (=if there are none) we should
finish the job by tonight.除非最后一分钟出问题，否则我们今
晚应能完成任务。- see also 另见 BAR3
bar·ri·o/`baerio; 'baerieu/ n AmE a poor part of an American
town or city where many Spanish-speaking people live; GHETTO
【美】美国城镇中说西班牙语居民集居的贫民区：the barrios of
Los Angeles洛杉矶说西班牙语的居民集居的贫民区
bar·ris·ter /`baeriste; 'baerste/ n especially in England and
Wales, a lawyer who has the right of speaking in the higher
courts of law〔尤指在英格兰和威尔士，可在高等法院出庭的〕讼
务律师，大律师 - compare 比较 ADVOCATE, SOLICITOR
bar-row1/`baero; 'baereu/ n 1 a small cart with two or four
wheels, on which fruit, vegetables etc are put to be sold in
street markets 〔流动小贩用的二轮或四轮〕手推车 2 a WHEEL-
BARROW独轮手推车
barrow2n a TUMULUS〔古代的)冢，古墓
barrow boy /'· ·/ n especially BrE a man or boy who sells
goods, e.g. fruit or vegetables, from a barrow; COSTERMONGER
【尤英】推车售货的男性流动小贩
Bar-ry /`baeri; 'baeri/, Marion /`maerien; 'maerien/ (1936-)a
US politician who was elected MAYOR of Washington DC for
the fourth time in 1994， although in 1990 he had been sent to
prison for using drugs. In 1997 President Clinton removed all
but his ceremonial powers after Washington was said to be
one of the worst run cities in the US.巴里〔 (1936- )，美国政
治家，尽管1990年因吸毒入狱，1994年他第四次当选为华盛顿市
市长。后来华盛顿被说成是美国治理最差的城市之一，1997年克
林顿总统免除了他一切实权〕
Bar-ry·more/`baerimor; 'baerimo:/, Mi.chael /`maikl; 'maikal/
(1952-)a British COMEDIAN who appears on humorous tele-
vision shows and GAME SHOWS (=in which people answer ques-
tions and compete to win prizes)巴里穆尔〔(1952-)，英国喜
剧演员，常演出电视喜剧及主持智力竞赛节目〕
bar snack/'/ n BrE a light meal served in a PUB【英】酒吧间供
应的小吃
Bart/bart; ba:t/ written abbrey. for 缩写= BARONET: Sir John
Brown.Bart 准男爵约翰·布朗
BART /bart; ba:t/ abbrev. for 缩写= Bay Area Rapid Transit; a
railway system in the area around the San Francisco Bay, with
tracks that go under the ground 圣弗朗西斯科湾地区高速地铁
交通网
bartend·er /`bar,tende; 'ba: tende/n especially AmE for 【尤
美】=BARMAN
bar·ter/`barte; 'ba:te/ v [I; T (for, with)] to exchange (goods)
for other goods rather than for money; TRADE 易货贸易；物物
交换，以货易货： They bartered farm products for machinery
他们用农产品交换机器。- barter n [U]
Bar·ton /`bartn: 'ba:tn/, Cla·ra/`klere; 'kleare/ (1821-1912) a
US nurse who worked in army camps during the American
Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War. She started the Ameri-
can Red Cross in 1881.巴顿〔(1821-1912)，美国护士，美国南
北战争及普法战争时期曾在军营工作，1881年创立了美国红十字
会〕
Bart's/barts; ba:ts/ St Bartholomew's Hospital; a very old and
famous hospital in London, which also trains doctors and
nurses. It was originally established in 1123.圣巴塞洛缪医院
〔伦敦一家历史悠久的著名医院，也培训医生和护士，最初建于
1123年
Ba-rysh.ni-kov /be`rifnikof; be'rifnikpf/, Mik.hail /mi`kail:
mi'kail/(1948-)a Russian BALLET dancer and CHOREOGRA-
PHER(=someone who decides what movements dancers will
do to a piece of music) who left the Soviet Union and came to
live in the US 巴里什尼科夫〔(1948-)，苏联芭蕾舞演员和编
导，后逃往美国定居〕
bas·alt/be`solt; 'baeso:lt/ n [U] a dark greenish-black rock 玄武
岩，柱石岩
*base1/bes; beis/ n 1 [(the) S (of)] the lowest part of something.
especially the part on which something stands 底部，底座，根
基，基础： the base of a mountain/statue/pillar 山脚；塑像的底
座；柱子的基础 」 The coccyx is a small bone at the base of the
spine.尾骨是脊骨底部的一块小骨。2[usually sing.一般用单
数] the original part or substance from which something de-
velops or from which a mixture is made〔构成某物或合成某混
合物的〕基础部分；主要成分：Many languages have Latin as
their base.许多语言都以拉丁语为基础。| soup with a vegetable
base 以蔬菜为主要成分的汤 3 [C] a centre from which some-
thing is controlled and where plans are made 基地，根据地，总
部： After we had reached the top of the mountain, we returned
to our base camp. 到达山顶之后，我们便返回基地。| Our com-
pany's base is in London. 我们公司的总部在伦敦。| a mili-
tary/naval base 军事基地；海军基地 」 a cruise missile base 巡
航导弹基地 4 [C] something that provides the conditions which
are necessary for a particular activity or situation〔为某种特别
活动或形势提供必要条件的)基础，支柱：The party's main power
base(=the group that provides support for its political power)
is the middle class and the skilled manual workers. 这个党的
主要力量支柱是中产阶级和熟练工人。|the nation's manufac-
turing base(=its factories, systems for producing important
materials etc)国家的生产基础〔生产重要物资的工厂和制度等〕
The company is hoping to expand its customer base to in-
clude large business customers.公司希望扩大它的顾客基础，
把做大买卖的顾客包括进来。| To finance these plans, the gov-
ernment will have to broaden the tax base. (=to get tax from
different kinds of people or activity)为了给这些计划筹措资金，
政府将不得不扩大税收范围。5 [C] tech a chemical substance
which combines with an acid to form a salt 【术语】碱 6 [C] (in
the game of BASEBALL) any of the four points which a player
must touch in order to make a run 〔棒球的)垒 7 [C usually
sing.一般用单数] tech a line from which to calculate the dis-
tances and positions of distant points when making maps【术
语】〔制地图的〕基线 8 [usually sing. 一般用单数] tech the num-
ber in relation to which a number system or table is built up
【术语】基数： Ordinary numbers use base 10， but most com
puters work to base 2.普通数系以10为基数，而大多数计算机
数系以2为基数。-- see also 另见 DATA BASE 9 off base AmE
infml completely wrong【美，非正式】大错特错的： You're way
off base if you think I'm going to do that much overtime.如果
你以为我会加班干那么多活，那就大错特错了。10 touch base
AmE spoken to talk to someone briefly to find out what has
happened since the last time you spoke to them (often used in
business and politics)【美，口】联系〔常用于商业和政治)： If he's
so interested in getting the votes, it's time he touched base
with the voters in his area.如果他很想获得选票的话，那么现
在该是同选区内的选民联系的时候了。| I asked her to just call
the father who complained to touch base with him, just to
keep up good relations with the parents, 我让她给满腹牢骚的
父亲打个电话联系一下，同父母保持良好的关系嘛
*base2v [T+obj+adv/prep; usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to
place or establish; provide with a base or centre 把基地设在，
以·为基地： Where is your company based?你们公司的总部
设在哪里？| It's based overseas/based in Paris. 它设在海外[巴
黎]。| a London-based firm 总部设在伦敦的公司」land-based
missiles 陆基导弹
base sthg. on/upon sthg. phr v [T] to form or make (some-
thing)using (something else) as the starting point 以··为基
础，以·为根据： Their marketing strategy is based on a study
of consumer spending.他们的销售策略是根据对消费者花钱的
情况所作的研究而制定的。| They based their estimate on the
figures for the last three years. 他们以过去三年的数字为根据
进行估算。| The film is based on a novel by D.H. Lawrence.
该影片是根据D.H.劳伦斯的小说改编的
base3 adj especially lit (of people, actions etc) showing a com-
plete lack of moral principles; dishonourable【尤文】〔人、行为
等〕卑鄙的，下流的，无耻的：base motives 卑鄙的动机」base
conduct 无耻的行为 - see also 另见 BASE METAL -~ly adv
~ness n [U]
base·ball /`bes`bol; 'beisbo:l/ n [U] a game played with a BAT
and ball (the baseball) between two teams of nine players each.
on a large field which has four bases which a player must touch
in order to make a RUN2 (10b) 棒球运动，棒球： a baseball
player/team 棒球运动员；棒球队 - see 参见 LITTLE LEAGUE.
MAJOR LEAGUES, MINOR LEAGUE, NATIONAL LEAGUE REFEREE
(USAGE)- see colour picture on page A12参见A12页彩图
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Baseball is one of the
most popular sports in the US, and the professional base-
ball SEASON lasts from April to September. The profes-
sional baseball teams are known together as the MAJOR
LEAGUES, which is divided into two groups called the
AL or AMERICAN LEAGUE and the NL or NATIONAL LEAGUE.
0118
Both the AL and NL have three DIVISIONS (=groups o
teams). These divisions compete with each other during
the season, and the winners from each division compete
against each other in the postseason games(=games after
the official season ends). The winner of the Americar
League Championship then plays against the winner of the
National League Championship in games called the WORLD
SERIES. Many people in the US watch baseball games on
television or listen to them on the radio. Some people are
very serious about supporting their favourite teams, but
people go to the games as a social event. Because baseball
is so popular,people in the US often call it the nationa
PASTIME.在美国，棒球是最受欢迎的体育运动之一。4月至
9月是职业棒球赛季。职业棒球队总称大联盟，分为美国棒球
联盟和全国棒球联盟。两大联盟又各分三个分组，分组内部的
球队在赛季中相互比赛，胜出的队伍角逐季后赛。美国棒球联
盟锦标赛冠军同全国棒球联盟锦标赛冠军角逐世界职业棒球
锦标赛。许多美国人通过电视、收音机来收看或收听比赛，有
些人以极热衷的态度支持自己喜欢的球队，但人们把前去观看
比赛当做是一种社交活动。棒球在美国如此受欢迎，难怪美国
人称之为全国性的消遣活动。
baseball cap /'· / also 又作 baseball hat n a brightly coloured
hat which fits close to the head and has a part that sticks out in
front to shade the eyes 棒球帽
baseball card /'·，/ n in the US, a small stiff piece of pape
with a picture of a baseball plaver on the front and information
about that player on the back 棒球卡： a baseball card collec-
tor 棒球卡收藏者|children trading baseball cards 交换棒球
卡的孩子
baseball glove /'· ，·/ also 又作 baseball mitt, mitt -- n a
thick, large leather hand covering worn to protect the hand
when playing baseball〔打棒球时护手的〕手套
base·board /`besbord; 'beisbo:d/ n AmE for【美】= SKIRTINC
BOARD
base hit /'/ n (in BASEBALL) an action of hitting the ball so
that one reaches the first BASE (one of the four points a player
must touch to win a point)〔棒球中的〕安全打
Ba·sel /`bazl; 'ba:zal/ also 又作 Basle, Bale the second largest
city in N Switzerland, on the River Rhine 巴塞尔〔瑞士北部第
二大城市，位于莱茵河畔
base·less /`beslis; 'beisles/ adj without a good reason 无根据
的，无缘无故的：baseless fears/accusations 无根据的恐惧；无
缘无故的指责
base·line /`bes laim; 'beislaim/ n 1 [C usually sing.一般用单数
a line or level used as a base, e.g. when measuring or making
comparisons 基线，准线<如测量或作对比时用的基准线>2 [the
the back line at each end of a court in games like tennis 底线
<如网球场两端的球场界限>
base·man /`besmen; 'beismen/ n -men /-men; -men/ (in BASE
BALL) the player who defends first, second, or third BASE1(6)
守垒员： Cey is the third baseman tonight. 西是今晚三垒的守
垒员。
base·ment /besment; 'beisment/ n a room or rooms completely
or partly below street level 地下室，地下层，地库： She lives in
a basement/in a basement apartment. 她住在一间地下室房间
里[地下层的一套房间里]。- compare 比较 CELLAR
base met·al /， '·/ n old use a metal such as iron or lead whicl
is not regarded as precious【旧】普通金属，贱金属<如铁、铅等>
base rate /'/ n the standard rate of interest on which a bank
bases its charges for lending and interest on borrowing 基本利
率〔银行用以计算借贷利率的标准利率〕- compare 比较DIS
COUNT RATE
bas.es /besiz; 'beisi:z/ pl. of BASIS
bash1 /baef; baef/ v [T] infml【非正式】1 [(IN, UP)] to hit hard so
as to crush, break, or hurt 猛击，痛打，击扁，击碎，打伤：She
bashed her head (on the door).她猛地（在门上）撞伤了头。|
They bashed the door in and rushed into the room.他们砸破
门后冲入房内。2 infml, especially BrE to attack with words;
find fault with 【非正式，尤英】抨击；挑剔： The Prime Minister
is always bashing the unions.首相总是抨击工会
bash2n usually infml【一般非正式】1 a hard or painful blow 猛
击，痛打： He gave me a bash on the nose.他对准我的鼻子猛击
拳。2 infml old-fash an enjoyable party with a lot of noise.
laughter etc【非正式，过时】热闹的交际性聚会；痛快的玩乐，狂欢
3have a bash (at) BrE infml to make an attempt (at)【英，非正
式】尝试，企图，试试看： I've never rowed a boat before, but l
don't mind having a bash (at it).我从未划过船，但我愿试—
试。
bash-ful /`baeffel; 'baeffal/ adj uncomfortable in social situa-
tions; SHY; SELF-CONSCIOUS 腼腆的，羞怯的，忸怩的： a bash
ful smile 羞怯的笑容 | bashful teenagers 腼腆的少年 -~ly
adv - ~ness n [U]
Bash Street Kids, The /'/ a group of schoolchildren who
are characters in the British CARTOON STRIP called The BEANO
They are difficult to control and enjoy playing tricks on their
teacher.巴什街顽童〔英国连环漫画《欢闹》中的一群学童，他们难
以管束，喜欢捉弄老师〕
ba.sic /'besik; 'beisik/ adj 1 [(to)] more necessary than any-
thing else; on which everything else rests, depends, or is built;
FUNDAMENTAL 基础的，基本的，根本的： the basic principles of
mathematics 数学的基本原理| The industry's basic problem
is the lack of demand. 工业方面的根本问题是缺乏需求。| A_
knowledge of her upbringing is basic to an understanding of
her books. 知道她成长的背景是理解她著作的基础。2 [A] be-
ing a starting point, to which more can be added 起点的，出发
点的：my basic salary(=before any additional payments)我的
基本工资[底薪] 」 a short course in basic computer skills 基础
电脑技术的短期课程[短训班] 3 [F] infml simple and without
anything more than is necessary; RUDIMENTARY【非正式】简单
的，初步的：I'm afraid the hotel is a bit basic.恐怕这家旅馆太
简陋了些。| My knowledge of car engines is pretty basic. 我
所掌握的汽车发动机知识是相当简单的。- see also 另见 BA-
SICS
BASIC /`besik; 'beisik/ n [U] a simple computer language, used
to write simple computer PROGRAMS〔电脑的) BASIC程序语
ba.sic.ally /besikeli; 'beisikli/ adv with regard to what is most
important and basic; in reality; FUNDAMENTALLY 基本上；实际
上；主要地： Basically, he's a nice person, but he doesn't al-
ways show it. 他基本上是个好人，但并不经常表现出来。| He's
basically nice. 他基本上是好的。| Basically (=the simple and
most important fact is), the company is in a mess.这家公司实
际上处于一塌糊涂的状态
ba.sics /`besiks; 'beisiks/ n [(the) P(of)] the basic parts or prin-
ciples of a subject, process etc 基础，基本原则 [原理]： The ba-
sics of education are reading,writing,and simple arithmetic.
教育的基本训练包括读、写和简单运算。| We need to get back
to (the) basics. 我们需要回到基本原则上来。| a back-to-ba-
sics approach to education 回复到基础训练的教育方法
basic train-ing /，· '·/ n [U] AmE the period in which a new
soldier is taught military rules and how to fight and is given
much physical exercise【美】〔新兵的〕基本训练
Ba.sie /`besi; 'beisi/, Count (1904-1984) a US JAZZ musician
who played the piano, and led one of the most famous bands to
play SWING (=jazz music of the 1930s and 40s)巴锡〔(1904-
1984),美国爵士音乐家，他演奏钢琴，所领导的演奏摇摆乐的爵
士乐队为最著名的乐队之一〕
bas il /`baezl; 'baezal/ n [U] a type of sweet-smelling plant (HERB)
used in cooking 罗勒〔一种带香味可用于烹调的植物〕
Basil Brush /. '/ a PUPPET who used to have his own children's
programme on British television. He looks like a FOX, and tells
silly jokes, after which he always laughs and says 'Boom,
boom!'巴兹尔·布拉什〔过去拥有自己一档英国儿童电视节目的
木偶，他形似狐狸，讲完滑稽的笑话后总会大笑并发出“呜呜”声)
ba.sil.i.ca /be`silike; be'silike/ n 1 (in ancient Rome) a long
room, round at one end, with a roof resting on two lines of
stone supports, used as a law court〔古罗马用作法庭的〕长方形
廊柱大厅 2 a church with a form like this 长方形廊柱大厅式教
堂： St Peter's Basilica in Rome is the largest Roman Catho-
lic church.罗马圣彼得教堂是最大的罗马天主教教堂。
bas.ilisk /`baese lisk; 'baeslisk/ n an imaginary snakelike crea.
ture, whose breath and look were thought to be able to kill蛇
怪〔传说中的蛇状怪物，据说其气息和目光能使人丧命〕
ba·sin /`besn; 'beisan/ n 1 especially BrE a round container
that is wide but not very deep, used for holding liquids or food;
bowl【尤英】盆；大碗；盘： a pudding basin 做布丁的盆 2 a
WASHBASIN 洗脸盆 3 [(of)] also 又作 ba·sin·ful /-ful; -ful/ the
amount a basin will hold 一盆 [一碗，一盘] 之量： a basin of hot
water 一盆热水 4 a hollow place containing water, or where
water collects 水洼；贮水池： the basin of a fountain 喷泉的水
池 5 an area of land from which water runs down into a river;
a large valley 流域；盆地；低洼地： the Amazon Basin 亚马孙河
流域 6 the deep part of a HABOUR almost surrounded by land
内港；内湾
Basin Street /'·/ a street in New Orleans in the US where
JAZZ music originally became popular. The song Basin Street
Blues made the street famous, and many jazz musicians have
recorded this song.贝辛街〔位于美国新奥尔良的一条街道，爵士
0119
乐最早就是从这里流行起来的。许多爵士音乐家都曾录制过的歌
曲《贝辛街的布鲁斯》使它成名〕
ba.sis /`besis; 'beiss/ n bases /`besiz; 'beisi:z/ 1 [(of, for)] the
facts, principles, statements etc from which something is
formed, started, or developed 基础；根据；基本原则： What is
the basis of/ for your opinion?你的看法有什么根据？ | There
is no scientific basis for these claims.这些主张没有科学根据。
This series of lectures formed the basis of a new book. 这一系
列讲座的内容就是一本新书的基础。| Is it safe to predict the
result on the basis of one opinion poll?根据一次民意测验来
预测结果可靠吗？2 the stated way of carrying out an action,
orocess etc 〔办事的某种〕方式，原则，基础： She works for us on
a part-time basis. 她以兼职形式为我们工作。| He gives ad-
vice on an individual basis. 他以个人身份提出忠告。| The
machine has been installed on a trial basis.那机器是依照试
用的原则而安装的。3 the main or most important part of some-
thing 主要成分，最重要的部分： The basis of the drink is or-
ange juice.这种饮料的主要成分是橙汁
bask /baesk; ba:sk/ v [I (in)] to sit or lie in pleasant warmth舒
适而温暖地坐着或躺着；取暖；沉浸于： to lie on the sand, bask
ing in the sunshine 躺在沙地上晒太阳 | (fig. 喻) He basked in
(=enjoyed) his employer's approval.他沉浸在雇主赞许的喜悦
中。
Baskervilles- see 参见 HOUND OF THE BASKERVILLES
*bas.ket /baeskit; 'ba:skt/ n 1 a light container made of narrow
pieces of wood, plastic, wire etc, woven together, and used for
carrying or holding things 篮子；篓子；筐子： a shopping baske
购物篮子|a basket of eggs 一篮鸡蛋 |a wastepaper basket
废纸篓 2 [(ofD] also 又作 basket·ful /-ful; -fol/ the amount a
basket will hold 一篮 [篓；筐] 之量： a basket of fruit 一篮水果 3
an open net fixed to a metal ring high up off the ground, through
which players try to throw the ball in the game of basketball
〔篮球运动的〕篮 4 a point in this game〔篮球〕投篮所得的分
He shot (=made) 10 baskets.他投篮得了 10分。
bas.ket·ball /`baeskit,bol; 'bu:sktbo:l/ n [U] an indoor game
between two teams of usually five players each, in which each
team tries to throw a large ball (the basketball) through the
other team's BASKET (3)篮球运动；篮球 — see 参见 REFEREE
(USAGE)
basket case /'· ，/ n infml 【非正式】1 a country or organizatior
that is completely disorganized and needs other countries or
organizations to help it, especially financially〔尤指经济)杂乱
无序的国家[组织] 2 someone who is so nervous or worried
that they cannot deal with simple problems and ordinary situ
ations 由于极度紧张或焦虑而无法做事的人
bas·ket·ry /`baeskitri; 'bo:sktri/ also 又作 bas·ket·work /`baeskit
w3k; 'ba:sktw3:k/ -n [U] (the art of making) baskets or
objects woven like baskets 篮筐类；像篮筐类编织的物品；编制
篮筐的技艺
basket weay-ing /'··/ n [U] the activity of making baskets.
In the US, people often make jokes about basket weaving, as
an activity that takes little skill, knowledge, or work.编篮子
在美国，人们认为编篮是一个不需要技术和知识的轻松活儿，经
常拿此开玩笑)： What did you study in college, basket weay-
ing?你以前在大学里是学什么的，编篮子吗
Bas-kin-Rob-bins /baeskin`rabinz: baeskin'robinz/ trademark
a US company that became famous for selling 31 different
FLAVOURS (=types) of ICE CREAM. There are now Baskin-
Robbins shops in many countries.【商标】巴斯金·罗宾斯公司〔
家美国公司，以销售31种不同口味的冰淇淋著称。现在许多国家
都开设有巴斯金·罗宾斯冷饮店〕
Basle /bul; ba:l/ - see 参见 BASEL
Bas.mat.i rice /bez maeti`rais; bez maeti 'rais/ n [U] a type of
high quality rice, often eaten with Indian food巴斯马提大米
〔一种优质大米，常伴印度菜肴食用)
basque /baesk; baesk/n a woman's close-fitting undergarment
reaching from under the arms to the tops of the legs 巴斯克衫
〔一种女子紧身胸衣〕
Basque /baesk; baesk/ n [C] 1 a person from the mountainous
area between S France and N Spain. Some people who live in
this area consider themselves to be a separate nation that does
not belong to either France or Spain, and some Basques in Spain
have tried to gain political independence.巴斯克人〔居住在法
国南部与西班牙北部之间的区域，他们中有人认为自己是一个独立
的民族，既不属于法国也不属于西班牙，西班牙的部分巴斯克人试
图争取政治独立〕- — see also 另见 ETA 2 [U] the language of
the Basques, which is unusual because it is not related to any
other language in the world 巴斯克语〔不属于世界上任何语系
的特殊语言)-- Basque adj: Basque separatists (=people who
want the Basque area to become a separate state)巴斯克独立
主义者
bas-re-lief /ba ri`lif; ba: ri'li:f/ n [C; U] Fr (an example of ) a
form of art in which shapes stand out slightly from the sur
rounding surface, which has been cut away 【法】浅浮雕（作品）
半浮雕（作品）；浅浮雕艺术 -- compare比较 HIGH RELIEF
bass1/bes; beis/ n 1 [C] (a man with) the lowest male singing
voice, below BARITONE 男低音（歌手） 2 [U] the lower half of
the whole range of musical notes （乐谱的）低音部 - compare
比较 TREBLE3(2) 3 [C] a BASS GUITAR 低音吉他： He's formed
a new band with his brother on bass/playing bass,他组织了
支新乐队，由他兄弟弹低音吉他。4[C]a DOUBLE BASS 低音
提琴 - bass adj, adv: a bass saxophoneldrum 低音萨克斯管；
大鼓|to sing bass 唱低音
bass2 /baes; baes/ n bass or basses a freshwater or saltwater fish
that can be eaten 鲈鱼
bass clef / bes `klef; beis 'klef/ n tech a sign () on a musical
STAVE showing that a note written on the top line of the stave
is the A below MIDDLE C【术语】〔音乐〕低音谱号 -- compare
比较TREBLE CLEF
bas·set /`baesit; 'baest/ also 又作 basset hound /'·/ -- na
sporting dog with a long body, short legs, and large ears短脚
猎犬〔一种身长、腿短、耳大的猎犬
Bas.sey /`baesi; 'baesi/, Shir.ley /f3li; 'f3:l1/ (1937-)a popu
lar British singer born in Wales, known for her exciting emo
tional performances and her expensive-looking tight dresses.
Her songs include Goldfinger and Hey, Big Spender.巴锡
〔(1937-)，受大众喜爱的英国歌手，出生于威尔士，以激动人心
的舞台表演及外表华丽的紧身服装而闻名。她的歌曲有《金手指》
《嗨，大豪客》等〕
bass gui·tar /，bes gi`tor;beis gi'ta:/ also 又作 bass -- n an
electric GUITAR (musical instrument with six strings and a long
neck)used for playing low musical notes低音（电）吉他
bas.si·net /baese`nct; baes'net/ n a baby's bed or carriage that
looks like a basket, often with a covering at one end （婴儿）摇
篮；〔有篷盖的〕婴儿车
bas.sist /`besist; 'beisst/ n a person who plays the BASS GUI
TAR or the DOUBLE BASS 低音吉他手：低音提琴手
bas.soon /bae`sun; be'su:n/ n a large musical instrument of the
WOODWIND family, with a double REED(2)巴松管，低音管，大
管〔一种低音双簧木管乐器〕 — ~istn
bast /baest; baest/ n [U] the FIBRE from certain trees, used for
making mats, baskets etc韧皮纤维〔用于编织席子、篮子等的树
纤维〕
bas-tard /`baesta-d; 'baested/ n 1 often derog a child of unmar
ried parents 【常贬】私生子 2 slang an unpleasant, disagreeable.
or cruel person 【俚】令人讨厌的人，臭小子，坏蛋，杂种： You bas-
tard! 你这个臭小子！ | She's a real bastard to work for. 她这
个人讨厌透了，给她干活真难。3 slang any person, especially a
man, of the stated kind 【俚】家伙〔尤指男人)： That lucky bas-
tard! 那个幸运的家伙！ | The poor bastard's been sacked. 那
个倒霉的家伙被解雇了。4 slang something difficult or trouble-
some 【俚】难事，麻烦事： This pan is a bastard to clean. 这锅不
易刷净，真麻烦。|a bastard of a traffic jam 讨厌透顶的交通
阻塞
bas·tard·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`baesto daiz; 'baestedaiz/v
[T] fml to spoil by making false【正式】使变低劣；使不实：
bastardized account of the trial 对审判的虚假报道
bas·tard.y /`baestodr; 'baestedi/ n [U] fml or law the state of
being a BASTARD【正式或律】私生子身份
baste1/best; beist/ v [I; T] (in sewing) to TACK2(3)用长针脚疏
缝，粗缝
baste2y [T] to cover (meat etc) with melted fat during cooking
〔烹调时在肉上〕浇涂油脂
Bas.tille, the /bae`stil; bae'sti:l/ an old prison in Paris, attacked
and destroyed on 14 July 1789 during the French REVOLUTION.
This date is now celebrated each year as a French national holi-
day(Bastille Day).巴士底监狱〔巴黎旧时的监狱，1789年7月
14日法国大革命期间被攻破。现在这个日子被定为法国的国庆日
(即巴士底日))： The storming of the Bastille really marked
the beginning of the french Revolution,强攻巴士底监狱实际
上标志着法国大革命的开始。
bas.ti.na.do /，baeste`nedo;,baest'neideu/n -does old use a form
of punishment consisting of beating someone with a stick across
the bottoms of the feet 【旧】笞蹠（刑），打脚掌（刑） -- bastinado
ν[T]
bas.ti.on /`baestfen; 'baestion/ n 1 a part of the wall of a castle
or fort that stands out from the main part 棱堡〔城堡和堡垒的
突出部分)2 [(ofD] someone or something that is regarded as
strongly defending a particular principle or activity; STRONG-
HOLD堡垒；捍卫者： a bastion of freedom during the war 战争
0120
期间象征自由的堡垒 | The club is one of the last bastions of
male chauvinism.这俱乐部是大男子主义的最后堡垒之一。
bat1 /baet; baet/ n 1 a specially shaped wooden stick for hitting
the ball in games such as cricket, BASEBALL, and TABLE TENNIS
〔板球、棒球、乒乓球的〕球棒：球拍2BrE aBATSMAN【英】击球
手：one of the best bats in the game 比赛中的最佳击球手之一
3 at bat (in BASEBALL) having a turn to hit the ball(棒球比赛
中)轮到击球：Who's at bat now?现在轮到谁击球了？4 off one's
own bat BrE through one's own efforts; without being told to
【英】依靠自己的力量：主动地，自动地：Have you done all this
work off your own bat?你是自个儿完成这些工作的吗？5 off
the bat infml, especially AmE without delay 【非正式，尤美】马
上，立刻：I asked her to help us, and (right) off the bat she
said she would. 我请她帮助我们，她立刻就答应了
bat2v-tt-1 [T] to hit (as if) with a bat(像)用球棒击打 2 [I](in
cricket and BASEBALL) to hit a ball with a bat or have a turn to
bat〔板球、棒球〕用球棒击球：轮到击球：He's better at batting
than at catching. 他击球比接球好。| They both bat left-handed
他们两人都是左撇子击球。|Who's batting now?现在谁在击
球？ 3 bat a thousand AmE infml to perform an activity or job
very well, often without making mistakes【美，非正式】工作非
常出色：She's been batting a thousand ever since she got her
promotion.自从被提升以来，她工作非常出色。4 go to bat for
AmE infml to give support to; defend 【美，非正式】支持，为··
辩护[出力]
bat3 n 1 a flying mouselike animal
that usually eats insects or fruit and
s active at night 蝙蝠 2 be/have
bats in the belfry infml to be mad
【非正式】精神失常：异想天开-see
also 另见 BATS, BATTY, as blind as
a bat (BLIND1 (9) 3 like a bat out
of hell infml extremely quickly 【非
正式】极快地，飞速地：I ran out of
there like a bat out of hell.我飞似
地从那里跑了出来。
bat4 v [T] 1 to close and open (the
eyes) quickly, sometimes as a
sexual invitation; WINK 眨眼 2 not
bat an eye(lid) infml to show no
sign of surprise or shock【非正式】
连眼都不眨；面不改色，泰然不动：She
paid the exorbitant bill without
batting an eyelid. 她连眼睛都不眨一眨就支付了那张高额的账单
bat-boy /`baetbor; 'baetboi/ n a boy whose job is to take care of
a BASEBALL team's BATS during a game 〔比赛时为球队管理球
棒的〕棒球队球童
patch /baetf; baetf/ n [(of)] 1 a quantity of material produced in
or prepared for one operation 一次生产量[投料量]：a batch of
bread/loaves 一炉面包 | to test a batch of medicine 检验一批
药品 2 a group of people or things considered as a set 一批；一
群，一组：The prisoners were released in batches of 10.这些
囚犯10个一批，逐批释放。| a new batch of students 新来的一
批学生
batch pro.ces-sing /·/n [U] a type of computer process-
ing in which a group of PROGRAMS or jobs are run on a com
outer at one time without interruption〔电脑的)成批处理 -
compare 比较 INTERACTIVE (2) - batch process v [T]: Each
branch of the bank has a computer which can batch process
up to four million transactions a day.这家银行的每个分行都
有一台每天能成批处理多至400万宗交易的电脑
bat·ed /`betid; 'beit'd/ adj with bated breath hardly breathing
at all because of fear, anxious waiting, or other strong feeling
(因恐惧、焦急、兴奋等而〕屏着气：We waited for the news with
bated breath.我们紧张地等着消息，连气都不敢喘一下
Bates /bets; beits/, Norman the main character of the film
PSYCHO. He owns and manages the Bates Motel, where he kills
some of the people who stay there. He seems very kind, quiet.
and gentle, but he is actually crazy and dangerous.贝茨〔电影
《精神病患者》中的主人公，他经营贝茨汽车旅馆并谋杀了其中好
几位住客。他看上去十分可亲而且温文尔雅，但实际上是个疯狂
危险的人物
*bath1/bae0; ba:0/ n baths /baez; ba:0z/ 1 also 又作 bathtub
AmE【美】- a large basin in which one sits to wash the whole
body 浴缸；澡盆：a white enamel bath with brass taps 带黄铜
龙头的白色搪瓷澡盆 2 an act of washing one's whole body at
one time 洗澡，沐浴：I have (BrE 英)/take (AmE 美) a bath
every morning, 我每天早晨都洗澡。| I'm just running/draw-
ing a bath. (=pouring the water for a bath)我正在放水准备洗
燥。| a bath towel 浴巾 — see also 另见 SAUNA, TURKISH
BATH 3 (a container for holding) a liquid used for a special
purpose〔某种浸洗用途的〕液体；〔盛这种液体的〕容器； an oil bath
油槽；油浴器 | an eyebath 洗眼杯 | The fabric is plunged into
a bath of black dye. 织物被投入黑染料缸中。4 (in advertise-
ments for houses etc) a bathroom(用于有关房屋等的广告中)
浴室，洗澡间：two bedrooms, kitchen, and bath 两间卧室、厨
房和浴室 — see 参见 BATH2(USAGE); see also 另见 BATHS
bath2 BrE【英】‖ bathe AmE【美]v 1 [T] to give a bath to (a
person)为（人）洗澡：He's bathing the baby.他正在给婴儿洗
澡。2 [I] to have a bath 洗澡
□USAGE 用法说明 1 In BrE bath and bathe have slightly
different meanings. You bath to get clean.英国英语中 bath
和bathe的意义稍有不同。你 bath 的目的是把身体洗干净：
He baths every morning,(他每天早晨都洗澡。) | to bath
a baby(为婴儿洗澡)。You bathe something to make it
clean in a medical way.你 bathe 某种东西为的是用药水把
它浸洗，以进行治疗：to bathe a wound/bathe one's eyes
(用药水洗伤口[眼睛])。This difference doesn't exist in
AmE, which uses bathe for both meanings. In BrE bathe
is also the word for swimming.美国英语中则没有这种区
别，都用bathe表示。在英国英语中，此词还有“游泳”之意：to
bathe in the sea(在海里游泳)。2 Note the spelling of
bathing, bathed. These words can be formed from bath
with the pronunciation /bae0; ba0/. But they can also be
formed from bathe, with the pronunciation /beo; beid/.
bat 蝙蝠
The large basin in which you bath is a bath, or bathtub
(AmE美).请注意 bathing 和 bathed 的拼写。它们可由
bath 构成，发音为/bae0;b0/。但也可由 bathe 构成，发音
为 /beo; bero/。洗澡用的大盆叫 bath或 bathtul 3 It is
more common to say have/take a bath than to use the verb
bath alone.通常不单独用动词 bath,而更多用 have/take
a bath: I have/take a bath every day.(我每天都洗澡。)
Bath a city in SW England that was famous for many centuries
because of its natural hot waters, used by visitors to improve
their health. Now many tourists visit Bath to see its old Roman
baths and beautiful 18th century buildings.巴斯〔英格兰西南
部一城市，因其自然温泉而闻名好几个世纪，游客来此洗浴以增进
健康。现在许多游客来巴斯参观古罗马浴场及美丽的18世纪建
筑〕- see colour map on page A1参见A1页彩色地图
bath chair /' ·/ n (sometimes cap. B 有时用大写的B) a wheeled
chair for an old, sick person to be pushed in, with a covering
for the top and sometimes for the sides〔病人用的〕有篷轮椅
compare 比较 WHEELCHAIR
*bathe1 /beo; beid/ v 1 [T] especially BrE to swim in the sea, a
river etc for pleasure 【尤英】游泳；洗海水浴 2 [I] AmE to have
a bath 【美】洗澡 3 [T] to cover with or place in water or other
liquid, usually for medical reasons〔以水或别的药用液体〕洗，
浸，泡：Bathe your ankle twice a day.你每天要浸洗脚踝两次。
4 [T] lit to flow along the edge of 【文】沿着··边缘流；冲刷：The
Mediterranean Sea bathes the sunny shores of Italy. 地中海
冲刷着意大利阳光普照的海岸。5 [T (in, with) often pass.常用
被动语态] to spread over with or as if with light, water etc;
SUFFUSE〔光、水等〕充满，沐浴，沉浸：The fields were bathed in
sunlight. 田野沐浴于阳光中。| The child's eyes were bathed
with/in tears. 孩子眼泪汪汪。— see 参见 BATH2 (USAGE) -
bather n
bathe2n [S] BrE an act of bathing, especially in the sea; a swim
【英】〔尤指在海里的〕游泳，海水浴：Let's go for a bathe.我们
去游泳吧
bath.ing /beoin; 'beroin/ n [U] BrE the act of going into water
to bathe or swim 【英】游泳；洗澡：The bathing is safe here.在
这里游泳很安全。|a bathing accident 游泳事故| topless bath
ing裸露上身的游泳
bathing beau·ty /'·.·/ n old-fash an attractive young woman
in a bathing suit, especially one taking part in a BEAUTY CON-
TEST【过时】〔尤指参加选美的〕泳装美人
bathing cap /'/ n a cap worn in a swimming pool, mostly
by women, to keep the hair dry 游泳帽〔主要为女子所戴，游泳
时保持头发干燥〕
bathing ma.chine /'·./ n a wooden hut on wheels pulled
down to the sea to allow bathers to dress and undress, used in
Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries〔可推到海边的带轮子的
木造〕更衣室，更衣车〔18、19世纪在英国使用〕
bathing suit /'· ·/ also 又作 bathing cos·tume /'· ，·/ BrE
【英】- n becoming rare a SWIMSUIT【渐罕】游泳衣，泳装
bath mat /' / n a washable mat used in a bathroom to protect
the floor from water 浴室脚垫，地巾
ba.thos /`be0as; 'bei0os/ n [U] a sudden change from very beau
0121
tiful or noble ideas, words etc to very ordinary or foolish ones
突降法〔修辞上由美好、庄重的思想、词语等突然转为平庸可笑之
手法〕
bath-robe /`bae0,rob; 'ba:0reub/ n 1 a garment like a loose
coat worn before and after having a bath etc 浴袍，浴衣 2 AmE
for【美】= DRESSING GOWN
bath. room /`bae0 rum; 'ba: 0rum/ n 1 a room containing a bath
and usually a TOILET 浴室〔一般带有厕所) 2 AmE a TOILET【美】
卫生间，厕所：Is there a bathroom in this restaurant?这家餐
馆里有卫生间吗？— see 参见 TOILET(USAGE)
bathroom tis·sue /'·，·/ n [U] fml TOILET PAPER【正式】卫生
纸
baths /baeoz; ba:z/ n baths [C+sing. /pl. v] especially BrE a
public building with an indoor swimming pool and/or bath-
rooms【尤英】〔室内〕公共游泳池；公共澡堂：the public baths 公
共浴室
bath salts /'/n [P] mineral salts that are added to bath water
to soften it and make it smell nice 浴盐〔一种含矿物质的盐，加
入浴水中使之软化并带香味〕
bath sheet /'/ n a very large TOWEL 浴
bath·tub /`bae0 tab; 'ba:0tab/ also 又作 tub infml【非正式】-- n
especially AmE a BATH' (1)【尤美】浴缸,澡盆 — see 参见 BATH'
(USAGE
bath. y. scaph /bae0iskaef; 'bae0iskaef/n a ship that can be driven
deep into the sea, used in scientific tests〔用于科学实验的)深
海艇，深海潜水器
bath. y. sphere /`bae0i sfir; 'bae0isfie/n a strongly built con. 
tainer used for going deep into the sea for the purpose of watch-
ing plant life, animal life etc〔可潜入深海中观察海底生物生活
情况的〕探海球，潜水球
ba. tik /batik; be'ti:k/ n [U] (cloth decorated by) an Indonesian
method of printing coloured patterns on cloth by putting WAX
on the part that is not to be coloured 蜡染法；蜡染布
Ba. tis. ta /be`tiste; be'ti:ste/, Ful. gen. ci. o /ful`hen0io; ful-
hen0ieu/ (1901-1973) a Cuban politician who was in control
of the country during the 1950s. He put many of his opponents
in prison, and became very rich by using his political power
In 1959， Fidel CASTRO led an army against him and forced him
to leave the country. 巴蒂斯塔〔(1901-1973)，古巴政治家，20
世纪50年代统治该国，他把许多反对他的人关进监狱，并运用其
政治权力大发横财。1959年，菲德尔·卡斯特罗发动军事政变，迫
使他流亡海外〕
bat·man /`baetmen; 'baetmen/ n-men /men; men/ an officer's
personal servant in the British armed forces〔英国军官的〕勤务
兵
Bat·man /`baetmaen: 'baetmaen/ trademark a popular character
in CARTOON STRIPS, films, and television programmes, who
fights criminals and protects ordinary people. He has a partner
called Robin who sometimes helps him. Batman wears a large
black CAPE and a black MASK, and he drives a car called the
Batmobile, which contains a lot of clever equipment and can
travel very fast. When Batman has a good idea Robin usually
says 'Good thinking, Batman!' People sometimes use this
phrase humorously when someone suggests a plan. 【商标】蝙
蝠侠〔连环漫画、电影、电视节目中一个惩恶护善的人物，广受大众
欢迎。他的搭档叫做罗宾，有时会助他一臂之力。蝙蝠侠身披黑色
斗篷，头戴黑色面罩，开一辆蝙蝠车，车上装有许多智能装置，速度
极快。当蝙蝠侠想出一个好主意时，罗宾常会说，“好主意，蝙蝠
侠！”当有人提出计划时，人们有时会幽默地引用这句话〕
bat. on /bae`tan: 'baetpn/ n 1 a short thin stick used by a CON
DUCTOR(=the leader of a group of musicians) to show the beat
of the music （乐队指挥用的）指挥棒 2 a short thick stick used
as a weapon by a policeman; TRUNCHEON 警棍：riot police
with batons and tear gas 带有警棍和催泪瓦斯的防暴警察| a
baton charge 挥舞着警棍冲击 3 a short stick showing that the
person who carries it has some special office or rank官杖，权
杖：a General's baton 将军的权杖 4 a stick passed by one
member of a team of runners to the next runner 接力棒 5 a
light metal tube with decorated ends which is spun, throwr
into the air, and caught by a MAJORETTE〔军乐队指挥使用的〕
金属指挥棒
baton charge /'. /n a charge by police carrying batons, made
in order to break up a crowd or a violent DEMONSTRATION(2
〔为驱散人群或暴力性示威游行而由警察〕挥舞警棍的冲击
bats /baets; baets/ adj [F] infml, especially BrE slightly mad:
BATTY【非正式，尤英】有点疯的，疯疯癫癫的；古怪的
bats. man /`baetsmen; 'baetsmen/ n-men /-men; -men/ a person
who BATS2 (2) in cricket 〔板球〕击球手 — compare 比较 BAT-
TER3
bat·tal·ion /be`teljen; be'taeljen/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of
usually 500-1000 soldiers made up usually of four or more
companies(COMPANY(6a)营〔通常由4个或4个以上的连组
成，士兵500至1000名)：The second battalion is/are going
abroad. 第二营正要开赴国外
bat. ten' /baetn; 'baetn/ n a long board used for fastening other
pieces of wood 〔用来固定两块木料的〕板条，木条
batten2y
batten sthg. -down phr v [T] (on ships) to fasten with board
of wood （船上）钉压条于：There's a storm coming, so let's
batten down the hatches. (=fasten the entrances to the lower
parts of the ship)暴风雨即将来临，我们钉上压条密闭舱口吧。
batten on/upon sbdy. phr v [T pass. rare 罕用被动语态] es
pecially lit to live well by using the work or generosity of
(someone) for one's own advantage; EXPLOIT【尤文】〔靠剥削
别人〕养肥自己，〔损人以〕中饱私囊
Bat·ten·burg /`baetnb3g; 'baetnb3:g/ trademark a type of cake
eaten in the UK, which has a square shape divided into four
pink and yellow squares, and is covered with MARZIPAN【商
标】巴吞堡〔英国的一种蛋糕，呈四方形，为粉红和黄色，分成四块。
上浇杏仁糖浆〕
bat·ter1 /`baete; 'baete/ v 1 [T] to damage, break, or cause to
lose shape by continual hard use or beating 毁损，打坏，打烂：
The ship was battered against the rocks/battered to pieces
by the storm. 船被岩石撞坏了[被暴风雨摧毁了]。| an increase
in the incidence of baby battering (=violence by parents
against small childrer)虐待婴儿事件的增加| a battere old
car/hat 一辆残破的旧汽车；一顶破旧不堪的帽子| (fig. 喻) to
restore one's battered pride 恢复被损害的自尊心 2 [I+adv
prep] to beat hard and repeatedly 连续猛击：The police bat-
tered atlon the door. 警察猛烈地敲门。| waves battering
against the shore 冲击海岸的波浪
batter2n [U] a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk, beaten together
and used in cooking 〔面粉、鸡蛋、牛奶等调成的〕面糊：pancake
batter 做薄煎饼的面糊
batter3n a person who BATs2(2), especially in BASEBALL(尤指
棒球〕击球手 — compare 比较 BATSMAN
bat·tered /baete-d; 'baeted/ adj(of a person) having been physi-
cally harmed, usually by a member of his or her family 〔通常
是被家庭成员虐待殴打而〕身体受伤的：a battered baby 一个受
虐的婴儿| a shelter for battered women 受虐妇女庇护所
battered wife /·/ n a woman who has been physically harmed
by her husband〔受丈夫虐待殴打而身体受伤的〕受虐妻子
bat·ter·ing ram /'·/ also 又作 ram-n a large heavy log
with an iron end, used formerly in war for breaking through
the doors and walls of castles and towns 〔古代战争攻城时用于
捣毁门、墙的〕破城锤
Bat. ter. sea Dogs' Home /baeta-si`dagz hom; baetesi: 'dogz
heum/ a place in Battersea in SW London where dogs are kept
when they have been left by their owners or been officially
taken away from them(位于伦敦西南部巴特西的)巴特西犬只收
容所
Battersea Pow. er Sta. tion /，. . . ，. / a large power station ir
Battersea in SW London, which used to produce electricity for
London but is now being developed as a centre for arts and
entertainment 巴特西发电站〔位于伦敦西南部巴特西的一个大型
发电站，过去为伦敦输送电力，但现在已被改建成艺术和娱乐中
心〕
bat. ter. y /baeteri; 'baetari/ n 1 [C] an apparatus for producing
electricity, consisting of a group of connected electric CELLS
电池，电瓶，电池组：The car won't start because the battery
has gone flat. (=has lost all its power)汽车发动不起来，因为电
瓶没电了。| The radio takes four small batteries. 这台收音机
用四节小电池。- — see also 另见 DRY BATTERY 2 [C] a number
of big guns together with the men who make them work; set of
guns fixed in a warship or fort 炮兵连；炮组，排炮 3 [C] BrE a
line of small boxes in which hens are kept and specially treated
so that they will lay eggs frequently 【英】层架式鸡笼：battery
hens 在层架式鸡笼里饲养的母鸡 — compare 比较 FREE-RANGE
4 [C(of)] a group or set of things like tools, kitchen containe
knives etc that are kept together 一套，一组<如工具、厨具、刀
子等> ：a battery of cooking utensils 一套烹饪用具 5 [C (of)] a
set or number of things of the same kind coming together, es-
pecially things that are difficult or unpleasant to deal with
ARRAY(同类事物的)一群,一组,一连串: He faced a whol bat-
tery of newspaper cameras. 他面对一大排新闻摄影机。| a
battery of tests 一连串测验 | (fig. 喻) They've hired a battery
of lawyers and experts to prove their case. 他们雇了一大批律
师和专家去证实他们的论点。6 [U] law the criminal offence of
hitting another person 【律】殴打罪 — see also 另见 ASSAULT
AND BATTERY
0122
battery farm /'. / n a farm on which hens are kept in batter-
ies(BATTERY(3)层架式养鸡场
Battery Park/. . '/ a park at the southwestern end of Manhat-
tan next to the Hudson River, where people can get on a boat
to the STATUE OF LIBERTY 炮台公园〔位于曼哈顿西南端哈得孙
河畔的一个公园，人们可以从那里坐船到达自由女神像〕- see
colour map on page A5参见A5页彩色地图
batting av·e. rage /'. . . / n 1 (in BASEBALL) a set of numbers
which tells how often a player has hit the ball in comparison
with how many times he has had a chance to hit it 〔棒球〕平均
击球率：His batting average is 347. 他的平均击球率为347. 2
(in CRICKET) a number which shows how many RUNS a player
has scored during a given period as an AVERAGE〔板球〕平均得
分 3 a record of performance 使用次数：His new car doesn't
have much of a batting average — it's broken down twice in
the last week. 他的新车没用多久 — 上星期就坏了两次。
*bat. tle1/`baetl: 'baetl/ n 1 a fight between enemy forces, espe
cially forming part of a larger struggle 战斗，战役：The Battle
of Waterloo 滑铁卢之战 | It was one of the most crucial battles
in the whole war. 那是整个战争中最关键的战役之一。| a na
val battle 海战 | He was killed in battle. 他在战斗中阵亡。-
see also 另见 PITCHED BATTLE; compare 比较 WAR 2 any
struggle between opposing or competing groups, or against an
undesirable situation 斗争；争论：a battle for power between
te President's closest advisers,总统最亲密的顾问之间的权力
斗争 | The two companies are engaged in a legal battle over
the ownership of the land. 这两家公司就土地所有权正进行法
律争讼。| the battle against disease and poverty 向疾病和贫
困作战| The negotiations were a real battle of wits between
the two sides. (=a struggle to see who was the most clever)那
次谈判是双方一次斗智的真正较量。| Today's football game
will be a battle of the giants between the two strongest teams
in the country. 今天的足球赛将是全国两个实力最强的队之间的
强者之争。- — see also 另见 half the battle (HALF2 (4)) 3 win a
battle but lose the war to get one of many results you want or
win one part of an argument, but still fail to achieve the larger
and more important aim 捡了芝麻，丢了西瓜：Don't get into
conflict with your boss - if you win a battle you're likely to
lose the war. 不要同你老板发生争执 —— 就算赢了也得不偿失。|
They had won the battle to keep their jobs, but they lost the
war, and the factory closed in a year. 他们总算保住了工作，但
也只是捡了粒芝麻而已，工厂于一年后倒闭了。4 be/fight a los·
ing battle to keep trying to do something that you cannot suc-
ceed in doing 做毫无希望的事情，徒劳无功：It's important to
fight back against an illness, even if you're fighting a losing
battle. 重要的是必须同疾病进行抗争，即使最终失败也在所不
惜。| We try to teach our kids to respect our traditions, but
with TV and pop music it's a losing battle. 我们试图教会孩子
尊重传统，但在电视和流行音乐面前这只是徒劳而已
battle2v [I] 1 to take part in a struggle, especially when trying
to gain something or get somewhere 为[与]··斗争，斗争：[+adv
prep] The mountaineers battled on in spite of the bad weather
conditions. 登山运动员不顾恶劣天气继续奋力往上爬。| women
battling for equal rights 为平等权利而斗争的妇女 | After a
sleepless night battling with her conscience, she decided to
admit the truth. 她通宵未眠，同良心作了一夜的斗争后终于决定
承认事实。| [+to-y] The firemen battled to control the flames
消防员与烈火斗争以控制火势。| battling to keep control of his
company 奋力保持对他公司的控制 2 especially lit to take part
in a battle; fight 【尤文】（参加）战斗，与··作战：The two armies
battled (with each other) for half an hour. 两军 （互相） 激战了
半个钟头
bat·tle·axe BrE【英】‖-ax AmE【美】/`baetl aeks; 'baetl-aeks/ n
1 a heavy AXE formerly used as a weapon （古时的）战斧 2 infml
a fierce argumentative woman 【非正式】悍妇：My boss is a real
old battleaxe. 我的老板娘是个厉害得很的老太婆。
battle cruis. er /'·. ·/ n a large fast warship with heavy guns,
but with lighter armour than a BATTLESHIP 战列巡洋舰
battle cry /'· / n a WAR CRY〔作战时的〕呐喊
battle fa·tigue /'···/ n also 又作 combat fatigue [U] a type
of mental illness in which a person suffers from severe anxiety
and DEPRESSION, caused by the shock of being involved in a
battle 战斗疲劳〔指一个人因焦虑和抑郁而引起的一种精神病，这
是参加战争遭受打击所致〕
bat·tle·field /`baetl fild; 'baetlfi:ld/ also 又作 bat·tle·ground
/- graund; -graund/ -n a place at which a battle is or has
been fought 战场，战地：(fig. 喻) a political battlefield (=area
of disagreement)政治斗争场所
bat. tle·ments /`baetlments; 'baetlments/ n [P] a low wall round
the flat roof of a castle or fort, with spaces to shoot through〔城
堡的〕雉堞：城垛，有枪眼的防御墙
Battle of Brit-ain, the /，. . ·/ the name used for the fights
between German and British aircraft during the summer and
autumn of 1940， when British aircraft tried to prevent German
aircraft from repeatedly dropping bombs on British cities. The
bombing was stopped at the end of 1940， and British people
considered this to be a great victory. Winston Churchill praised
the PILOTS in the British Air Force who fought in this battle by
saying, 'Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed
by so many to so few. ’不列颠之战〔指 1940年夏秋英德之间的
空战，那时，英国空军试图阻止德机对英国城市的连续轰炸。空袭
于1940年底停止，英国人民视之为重大胜利。温斯顿·丘吉尔在
表扬参战的英国飞行员时说，“在人类战争史上从来没有那么多的
人如此感激这么几位战斗英雄。”〕
Battle of the Boyne — see 参见 BOYNE
Battle of the Bulge, the /. . / 1 humor an attempt to lose
weight or prevent yourself from becoming fatter【幽】试图减
肥；试图防止长胖 2 the last main attack by the German army
during World War II, when they surrounded the Allies' army
in Belgium in 1944 楔入战役〔指1944年第二次世界大战期间
德军的最后一次反攻，当时他们在比利时包围了盟军〕
battle roy. al /，·. '·/ n fml or lit a fierce battle or struggle 【正式
或文】大混战，激战
bat·tle. ship /`baetl fip; 'baetl. fip/ n the largest kind of warship. 
with the biggest guns and heaviest armour 主力舰，战列舰
bat·ty/`baeti; 'baeti/ adj infml slightly mad; CRAZY or ECCENTRIC
【非正式】有点疯的，疯疯癫癫的；古怪的 - battiness n[U]
Batty, No. ra /nore; 'no:re/ a character in the humorous British
television programme Last of the Summer Wine. She is an old
woman who is always getting angry and who is known espe-
cially for having STOCKINGS that do not fit properly and are
always loose around her ANKLES. 巴蒂〔英国电视喜剧《最后一
杯夏日美酒》中的人物，她是一位老妇人，经常发怒，尤以穿着脚踝
处松松垮垮的长统袜为人所熟知〕
bau·ble /`bobl; 'bo:bal/ n often derog【常贬】1 a cheap jewel 不
值钱的饰物 2 BrE a decoration that looks like a small ball and
is used to decorate a Christmas tree【英】〔用于装饰圣诞树的〕
球形小玩意
baud /bod; bo:d/ n baud tech a measure of the speed at which
information is sent to or from a computer, e. g. through a tele-
phone line. One baud equals one BIT of information per second
【术语】波特〔发报、数据传输速率单位；一个波特=每秒传输一个
字节的信息符号〕
Bau·haus /`bauhaus; 'bauhaus/ n a modern style of ARCHITEC
TURE and design originally taught at the Bauhaus school in
Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. Bauhaus buildings are known
for being simple and FUNCTIONAL (=designed to be useful rather
than beautiful or decorative), and for being made with steel
and CONCRETE, and this style has greatly influenced many
modern ARCHITECTS and artists. 包豪斯建筑学派〔一种现代建
筑设计风格，最初于20世纪20、30年代由德国的包豪斯建筑学院
所教授。包豪斯风格的建筑以简洁、实用及钢筋混凝土结构而著
称，这风格对近代许多建筑师及艺术家有很大的影响〕- Bau-
haus adj
baulk /bok; bo:k/ n, v BrE for【英】=BALK1. 2
Baum /bom; bo:m/, L. Frank (1856-1919) a US writer who
wrote the book The Wonderful WIZARD OF OZ 鲍姆〔 (1856-
1919),美国作家，著有《绿野仙踪》〕
baux. ite /`boksait; 'bo:ksait/ n [U] the ORE from which ALU-
MINIUM is made 铝矾土，铝土矿
Ba. va. ri. a /be`verie; be'vearie/ a PROVINCE in SE Germany
whose capital is Munich. Bavaria is called 'Bayern' in German. 
巴伐利亚州〔位于德国东南部，首府慕尼黑，德语称“拜恩州”〕
bawd /bod; bo:d/ n old use or lit a woman who keeps a house
of PROSTITUTES2【旧或文】鸨母，妓院老板娘
bawd·y /`bodi; 'bo:di/ adj about sex in a rude funny way 淫猥
的，猥亵的：bawdy jokes 淫猥的笑话 - -ily ady - -iness n
[U]
bawdy house /'. . / n old use a place where men pay to have
sex with women; a BROTHEL【旧】妓院
bawl /`bol; bo:l/ ν 1 [I; T (OUT)] to shout in a loud rough voice
(高声)叫喊，嚷着说：He bawled at me/bawled for his dinner
他对我大声嚷；他嚷着要饭吃。| The captain bawled (out) an
order. 队长大声下达命令。2 I to cry noisily 大哭，号哭：I couldn't
sleep because the baby wouldn't stop bawling. 我没法睡觉，
因为婴儿不停地哭喊。
bawl sbdy.  out phr v [T] AmE infml to speak to angrily:
REPRIMAND【美，非正式】痛骂，大声责备：She bawled me out for
being late. 她因我迟到而责骂我。
bay'/be; bei/ n (often cap. as part of a name 常用大写，作为地
0123
名的一部分) a wide opening along a coast; part of the sea or of
a large lake enclosed in a curve of the land 湾，海湾：The vil
lage overlooks a quiet little bay. 从这村子可以看到一个幽静
的小海湾。|Botany Bay in Australia 澳大利亚的植物学湾
the Bay of Biscay 比斯开湾
bay2 also 又作 bay tree /'/ -n a tree like the LAUREL, whose
sweet-smelling leaves can be used in cooking 月桂树：Add a
bay leaf to the soup. 在汤里加一片月桂叶。
bay3n 1 any of the parts into which a large room or building is
divided down the sides by walls, shelves etc〔建筑物的)开间，
架间，格距，隔间：In the library, the books on history are all
kept in one bay. 图书馆历史类的书籍全都存放在一个架间里。
There's a loading bay at the back of the warehouse. 仓库后面
有个装卸场。| a parking bay in a multi-storey car park 多层
停车场中的停车间 2 a side track at a railway station 火车站的
侧线[轨] — see also 另见BAY WINDOW,SICKBAY
bay\"y [I] 1 to make repeatedly the long deep cry of a HOUND
(=a large hunting dog)〔大猎犬〕不断地吠叫 2 bay(BrE 英)
ark (AmE 美) (at) the moon to make a great effort to do
something worthless 狂犬吠月，徒劳无功
bay°n [S] 1 the long deep cry of a HOUND〔猎犬不断的〕吠叫声
2 hold/keep at bay to keep (an enemy or something unwanted)
some distance away 使〔敌人〕不能迫近，遏制：He kept me at
bay with a long knife. 他手执长刀使我无法接近他。| (fig. 喻)
We managed to hold our creditors at bay by borrowing some
more money from the bank. 我们又向银行借了些钱，成功地挡
住了债权人（逼债）
bayn, adj (a horse whose colour is) reddish brown 红棕色的马：
红棕色的
Bay A. re·a, the /'. . / the area of land around the San Fran-
cisco Bay in California, including cities such as San Francisco. 
Oakland, Berkeley, Palo Alto, and San Jose圣弗朗西斯科湾地
区〔加利福尼亚州圣弗朗西斯科湾沿岸地区，包括圣弗朗西斯科、
奥克兰、伯克利、帕洛阿尔托、圣何塞等城市〕 — see also另见
BART
Bay. er As. pirin /，bea `esprin; beier 'esprn/ trademark a
popular type of ASPIRIN (=medicine to stop pain) sold in the
US【商标】〔畅销美国的〕拜耳阿司匹林
Bay. eux Tap. es. try, the /bai u `taepistri; bai3: 'taepstri/ a
TAPESTRY (=large piece of heavy woven cloth) made in Bayeux
N France in the 11th or 12th century, whose pictures tell the
story of the NORMAN CONQUEST of England in 1066 巴约挂毯
〔公元11、12世纪产于法国北部巴约的一种挂毯，其图案描绘了
1066年诺曼底人征服英国的故事
Bay of Bis. cay /be ev `biske; bei ev 'biskei/ a large area of sea
between the west coast of France and the north coast of Spain,
which is known for its very bad weather 比斯开湾〔位于法国西
海岸与西班牙北部海岸之间，以天气恶劣著称]
Bay of Pigs, the /. . '/ an area on the south coast of Cuba
which is famous for a military attack that took place in 1961. 
A group of Cubans living in the US tried to enter Cuba with
he aim of ending the government of Fidel CASTRO. They were
trained and supported by the US, but the attack failed and they
were all put into prison or killed. 猪湾〔位于古巴南部海岸，以
发生在1961年的军事入侵而闻名。一群居住在美国的古巴流亡
者试图进入古巴推翻卡斯特罗政府，他们由美国政府训练并资助，
但以失败告终，所有的人被关进监狱或被杀〕 — see also 另见
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
bay. o. net1/'beenit; 'beient/ n a long knife fixed to the end of
a soldier's gun(RIFLE)〔军用步枪上的〕刺刀
bayonet2v [T] to drive a bayonet into (a person)用刺刀刺〔人]
bay. ou /`baiu; 'baiu:/ n (especially in the SE US) a body of
water with a slow current and many water plants〔尤指美国东
南部的〕水流缓慢、水草繁多的小河
Bay-reuth /bar`roit: bai'roit/ a town in southern Germany, known
for its regular FESTIVALS of music by Richard WAGNER 拜罗伊
持〔位于德国南部的一个小镇，以定期举行瓦格纳音乐节而闻名)
Bay. watch /bewatf; 'beiwotf/ trademark a US television pro-
gramme about a group of LIFEGUARDS (=someone whose job
is to save people who get into difficulties when they are swim-
ming in the sea) who work on a beach in California. The ac
resses and actors are all very attractive and do not wear much
clothing.【商标】《海岸救险队》〔一个讲述加利福尼亚海滩救生员
的电视节目，剧中的男女演员都十分迷人，穿很少衣服〕
bay window /，/ n a window built outwards from the wall,
often three-sided, and built up from the ground凸窗〔凸出于墙
壁之外三面有玻璃之窗户)- compare 比较 BOW WINDOW
ba. zaar /be`zar; be'za:/ n 1 (in English-speaking countries) a
sale to collect money for some good purpose〔英语国家的〕慈
善义卖会：a church/hospital bazaar 教堂[医院]义卖会 2 (in
Eastern countries) a marketplace or a group of shops〔东方国
家的〕市场，集市
ba. zoo. ka /be`zuke; be'zu:ke/ n a long light gun that rests on
the shoulder when fired and is used especially against TANK
(2)火箭筒：反坦克火箭炮
BBC, the / bi bi`si; bi: bi: 'si:/ abbrev. for 缩写=the British
Broadcasting Corporation; a very large television and radio
organization based in the UK which includes five national ra-
dio stations, more than 30 local radio stations, two national
television stations, and the international BBC WORLD SERVICE
and BBC WORLDWIDE TELEVISION. The BBC is a public ser-
vice which is paid for by taxes, not by advertisers. 英国广播公
司〔总部设在英国的大型广播电视机构，拥有五家国家广播电台、
三十多家地方广播电台、两家国家电视台、一家国际广播电台及一
家国际电视台。它是一个公共机构，依靠税收而不是广告收入来经
营
BBC Eng. lish /，. . '. /n [U] a standard form of pronunciation
for BRITISH ENGLISH, which was traditionally taught to people
learning English in many parts of the world. For many years. 
almost al the people who appeared on BBC programmes, e. g. 
reading the news, used this form of pronunciation, but many
different types of British pronunciation can now be heard on
the BBC. (英式英语的〕标准发音，标准英语〔世界各地英语学习
者所学的英式英语的正统发音。多年来，几乎所有的英国广播公司
播音员都采用这种发音，但现在人们能从英国广播公司节目中听到
许多不同类型的英式发音〕 — see also 另见 RP
BBC World Serv·ice, the /. . ·/ — see 参见 WORLD SER. 
VICE
BBC World. wide Tel-e. vision /，. . ，. '. . / a part of the BBC
which broadcasts television programmes, especially news, to
more than 80 countries 英国广播公司国际电视台〔英国广播公
司属下的一家电视台，向全球八十多个国家播放电视节目，尤其是
新闻节目〕
BB gun /`'bi bi gan; 'bi: bi: gan/ n especially AmE a long gun
that uses air pressure to shoot small metal balls called BBs
In the US, boys often learn how to shoot with a BB gun be-
cause it is less dangerous than other types of gun. However,
BB guns can kill small animals and birds, and people are some-
times injured by them in accidents.【尤美】BB 型气弹枪〔依靠
空气压力来发射小金属弹丸(BB型气枪弹)的一种长枪。在美
国，小男孩常用这种枪来学习射击，因为它的危险性要比其他类
型的枪低，然而，BB型气弹枪可以射死小动物及鸟类，有时也能
误伤他人)
bbq /`barbikju;'ba:bikju:/n AmE【美】abbrev. for 缩写=BAR-
BECUE
BBQ n written abbrev. for 缩写=BARBECUE
BBQ sauce /，barbikju `sos;,ba:bikju: 'so:s/ n [U] a sweet, sour,
and hot-tasting SAUCE which is used especially when cooking
meat such as chicken or BEEF 烧烤酱〔一种甜、酸、辣三味兼具
的调味汁，尤其用来烹制鸡、牛肉等肉类食品〕
BC1/bi`si; bi: 'si:/ abbrev. for 缩写= Before Christ; used to show
that a date is a particular number of years before the birth of Jesus
Christ 公元前：Rome was founded in 753 BC. 罗马建于公元前
753年。| an ancient Egyptian statue from 2000 BC 一尊公元
前2000年的古埃及雕像-compare比较AD
BC2 abbrev. for 缩写= BRITISH COLUMBIA
BCCI /bi si si `ar; bi: si: si: 'ai/ abbrev. for 缩写= Bank of
Credit and Commerce International; an international bank
which failed in 1991 after it was accused of doing business in
a dishonest way. As a result many people and small businesses
in several countries lost a lot of money. 国际信贷商业银行〔-
家跨国银行，被指控以不正当手段经营后于1991年倒闭，令数个
国家的许多存户及小公司损失惨重
BCE /bi si`i; bi: si: 'i:/ abbrev. for 缩写=before common era
公元前
*b. 
e/bi; bi; strong 强读 bi; bi:/ [-see参见 TABLE 6] v [auxiliary
verb] 1 [+v-ing] (used to form the progressive tenses of verbs
用于构成动词的进行时态)；Don't disturb me while I'm working
我在工作时别打扰我。| She was reading when he called. 当他
来访时，她正在看书。| They've been asking a lot of questions. 
他们不断地提出一个又一个的问题。| When will you be hav-
ing dinner? (=when is it arranged?)你什么时候吃晚饭？ | He's
always causing trouble. 他总是在制造麻烦。2 [+v-ed] a (used
to form the passive voice of verbs 用于构成动词的被动语态)：
Smoking is not permitted. 禁止吸烟。| I was told about it yes·
terday. 我昨天听说这件事。| The house is being painted. 房
子正在上油漆。| She has been invited to the party. 她已被邀
参加聚会。| The flames could be seen several miles away. 在
几英里外都能看见火焰。| The police should have been in
formed about this. 本应向警察报告此事。b old use【旧】(used
0124
instead of have to form the perfect tenses of some verbs 代替
have 构成某些动词的完成时)：Christ is risen from the dead
(=has risen)耶稣已复活。3 [+to] usually fml【一般正式】a (ex-
presses an order or rule 表示命令或规则)：All prisoners are to
be(=must be) in bed by 10 o'clock. 所有犯人必须在10点钟就
寝。| Visitors are to leave when the bell rings. 来访者必须在
铃响时离开。| You are not to smoke here. 此处禁止吸烟。b
(shows arrangements for the future 表示将来的安排)：We are
to be married in June. 我们将在6月结婚。| We were to have
gone away last week, but I was ill. 我们本打算上周走，但是我
病了，因此去不成。c (shows what should happen 表示应该发生
什么)：Whatever am I to tell her (=what should/can I tell her)
when she finds out? 一旦她发现了，我该跟她说什么呢？| He
is more to be (=should be more) pitied than blamed. 他更该得
到怜悯而不该受到责备。d(shows what cannot or could not
happen 表示不能或不会发生什么)：We looked and looked, but
the ring was nowhere to be found. 我们找来找去，但哪儿也找
不着那只戒指。e(shows what had to happen or did happen 表
示不得不发生或已发生什么)：This discovery was to have a ma-
jor effect on the treatment of heart disease. 这个发现对心脏病
的治疗产生了重大影响。f (used in conditional sentences that
show a situation that does not or could not exist 用于与事实相
反的条件句，表示虚拟语气)：If I were to do that/Were I to do
that, what would you say?如果我做了那件事，你会说什么呢？
 — see also 另见 BEEN
*be2v1 [L](shows that someone or something is the same as the
subject 表示某人或某事与主语相同)：[+n] January is the first
month of the year. 1月是一年的第一个月。| It's me. 是我。|
Lack of money is our biggest problem. 缺钱是我们最大的问
题。| If I were you, I shouldn't do it. 如果我是你，我就不这样
做了。|[+to-v/v-ing] The difficulty is to know what to do/
knowing what to do. 困难的是要知道该做什么。| [+(that)] The
fact is (that) you know too much. 事实是你知道得太多了。|
The biggest problem was that we didn't have enough time. 最
大的问题是我们当时没有足够的时间。2[I+adv/prep](shows
position or time 表示位置或时间)：Where is he?他在哪里？
He's upstairslat homelin the office. 他在楼上 [在家里，在办公
室]。|How long has she been here?她来这儿有多久了？|
The book is on the table. 书在桌子上。| The concert was last
night. 音乐会在昨晚举行。| The party is (=will happen) on
Saturday,聚会将在星期六举行。3 [L] a (shows that someone
or something belongs to a group or has a quality表示某人或某
物属于一个群体或具有某种特性)：She's a doctor. 她是医生。
She wants to be (=become) a doctor when she leaves school. 
她毕业后想当医生。| Snow is white,雪是白的。| Horses are
animals. 马是动物。| These shoes are mine. 这双鞋是我的。
We were hungry. 我们当时饿了。| I'm not ready, 我没准备
好。| Be carefu!要小心! | It's hot today. 今天天气很热。|
It's as if we'd never even started. 似乎我们还根本没有开始
呢。| A knife is for cutting with. (=that is its purpose)刀子是
用来切割的。b(in short phrases or questions 在短语或问句中)：
It's cold, isn't it?天气真冷，是吧？ | He isn't leaving, is he?
他不是要走，对吧？|“That's not your coat!”“Yes it is!”“那不
是你的大衣！”“是我的！”4 [L](used after there to show that
something exists 用在 there 之后表示某物的存在)：There's a
hole in your trousers. 你的裤子上有个洞。— see 参见 THERE
(USAGE)5 be that as it may even if that is true; in spite of
that 即使那是真的：即使如此 — see also 另见 BEEN
*be3 y [I] 1 to exist 存在：Whatever is, is right. 一切存在的都是
合理的。2(in the INFINITIVE 用作动词不定式) to remain un-
troubled 不受打扰：If the baby's sleeping, let her be,如果婴儿
睡着了，就让她睡吧。 — see also 另见 BEEN 3 to be or not to
be, that is the question quote a phrase from Shakespeare's play
Hamlet, probably the most famous line from all his plays. 
People sometimes use parts of the phrase humorously, when a
decision must be made. 【引】生存还是毁灭，那就是问题所在〔引
自莎士比亚剧本《哈姆雷特》，可能为其所有剧本中最出名的一句
话。人们在需要作出决定的时候，有时会幽默地局部引用这句话)
beach'/bitf; bi:tf/n 1 a shore of the sea or a lake covered by
sand or small stones〔海或湖有沙、小石头的)滩，水滨：They went
down to the beach for a swim. 他们去海滩游泳。| There are
several beautiful sandy beaches along that stretch of the coast. 
沿着那片连绵的海岸有几个美丽的沙滩。— see 参见 SHORE
(USAGE)- see colour picture on page A20参见 A20页彩图 2
we shall fight them on the beaches quote part of a famous
speech made by Winston Churchill during the World War II
【引】我们将在海滩作战〔引自温斯顿·丘吉尔在第二次世界大战期
间的一篇著名演讲〕
beach2v[T] to run or drive (a boat) onto the shore 把船驶到滩
上：to beach our canoe 将独木舟驶到沙滩上 — ~ed adj: a
beached whale一条搁浅的鲸鱼
beach ball /'/n a large light ball, filled with air, for use at the
beach 沙滩球〔在沙滩上玩的大而轻的球〕
Beach Boys, the /'. / a US popular music group formed in
1961, whose songs are still popular. Many of their songs were
about young people in California enjoying themselves by surf-
ing (SURF) and swimming in the sea, having parties, and driv-
ing fast cars. Their songs include California Girls and Good
Vibrations. “沙滩男孩”演唱组〔成立于1961年的美国流行音乐
组合，他们的歌曲流行至今，其中大部分都是描写加利福尼亚州年
轻人的娱乐生活，如海上冲浪、游泳、聚会、飙车等，歌曲包括《加利
福尼亚女孩》、《美妙的共鸣》〕
beach bug·gy /'/ also 又作 dune buggy - n a motor ve-
hicle with very large tyres for use on sand beaches 海滩车〔在
沙滩上用的装有特大轮胎的机动车
beach-chair /^bitf-tfer; 'bi:tf-tfee/ n AmE for【美】=DECKCHAIR
beach. comb. er /bitf koma; 'bi:tf,keume/ n 1 a person who
searches along a beach for useful or saleable things沙滩荒
者2 a long rolling wave coming in from the ocean从洋卷
而来的长条白浪，拍岸浪
beach. head /`bitf had; 'bi:tfhed/ n an area on the shore of an
enemy's land that has been taken by force and on which an
army may be landed 滩头阵地，滩头堡- compare 比较 BRIDGE-
HEAD
beach-wear /bitf,wer; 'bi:tfwee/ n [U] clothing for the beach
海滩装
Beach. y Head /bitfi `had; bi:tfi 'hed/ an area of land with
very high cliffs on the south coast of England, known as a
place where people go to kill themselves by jumping off比奇
角〔位于英格兰南海岸的一个区域，那里岩壁高耸，作为人们跳崖
自杀之地而闻名〕
bea. con /`biken; 'bi:ken/ n 1 a guiding or warning fire on a
hill, tower, or pole〔山、塔或柱上用作信号的〕烽火 2 a tall ob-
ject or a light on or near the shore, acting as a guide or warning
to sailors〔海岸高处的)指示灯，灯标，灯塔3(in Britain) a BELISHA
BEACON 人行横道指示灯〔英国装在行人斑马线旁的闪光灯〕4 a
RADIO BEACON 无线电信标（台） 5 a flashing light to warn air-
men of heights or to guide them at an airport 〔向飞机指示建筑
物等高度的〕闪光灯；〔机场的〕灯标 6 especially lit someone or
something that provides guidance or sets a high standard to be
followed【尤文】指路明灯；指引者；楷模
bead /bid; bi:d/ n 1 a small ball of glass or other material with
a hole through it for threading on string or wire〔有孔〕珠子：玻
璃小珠：She was wearing a string of green beads round her
neck. 她脖子上戴着一串绿色的珠子。| The sheikh sat there
fingering his worry beads. (=a string of beads which are sup-
posed to calm you when played with)那位阿拉伯酋长坐在那
里拨弄他的清心[解愁]念珠。| a bead curtain 珠帘 | (fig. 喻)
beads of sweat on his face 他脸上的汗珠 2 draw a bead (on)
to take aim (at) when shooting 〔射击时)瞄准. 3 tell/say one's
beads lit or old use to say your prayers with a ROSARY【文或
旧】（数念珠）祷告[念经] — ~ed adj; a beaded headdress 带珠
子的头饰 | a face beaded with sweat 满脸汗珠
bead·ing /bidin; 'bi:din/ n [C; U] a long narrow patterned piece
of wood used for decorating walls, furniture etc〔墙壁、家具等
的〕串珠状悬饰
bea·dle /bidl; 'bi:dl/ n 1 an officer who in former times helped
a priest in keeping order in church, in giving money to the
poor etc〔旧时教区的〕执事，牧师助手 2 (in some British uni
versities)a uniformed officer who may lead university proces-
sions, help to keep order etc〔英国一些大学举行典礼时的〕仪仗
官；礼仪前导官
Beadle, Jer. e·my /d3remi; 'd3eremi/(1948-)a British tele-
vision PRESENTER. In his show called Beadle's About, people
who do not know they are being filmed are put into situations
where something bad or embarrassing happens to them and
they become angry or worried. Then Jeremy Beadle appears
and they realize it is all a joke. 比德尔〔(1948- )，英国电视节
目主持人，在他的《比德尔来了》的节目中，常使被偷拍的人物陷入
糟糕或尴尬的境地，然后杰里米·比德尔出现，他们才意识到这是
个玩笑〕
bead·y /`bidi: 'bi:di/ adj often humor (especially of an eye)
small, round, and shining, like a bead【常幽】〔尤指眼睛〕小珠
子般的，圆而亮的：Keep your beady eyes off my cigarettes. 
(=stop looking at them as if you want to steal them)别用你贼
溜溜的眼珠子看着我的香烟。
bea-gle /bigl; 'bi:gal/ n a smooth-haired dog (a kind of HOUND)
with short legs and large ears, sometimes used in the hunting
of HARES 比格尔犬，小猎兔狗〔短腿大耳软毛的猎兔犬〕
Beagle, HMS the ship on which Charles DARWIN travelled to
0125
South America, where he studied and collected many different
types of plants and animals 比格尔号船，小猎兔狗号船〔查尔斯·
达尔文去南美考察动植物，采集标本时乘坐的船只
bea-gling /biglin; 'bi:glin/ n [U] (in Britain) the sport of hunt-
ing HARES with beagles〔在英国，用比格尔犬进行的〕猎兔活动
*beak1/bik; bi:k/ n 1 the hard horny mouth of a bird, a TURTLE
etc 鸟嘴，喙；〔龟等的〕角状嘴2 anything pointed and sticking
out like this 喙状物 such as a a person's hooked nose(人的)鹰
钩鼻 b the pointed front end of an ancient warship 〔古代战船
的〕冲撞角，铁嘴
*beak2n BrE old-fash slang【英，过时，俚】1 a judge in a lower
court of law; MAGISTRATE 地方法院法官 2 a schoolmaster 〔中、
小学〕校长：男教师
bea-ker /`'bike; 'bi:ke/ n 1 especially BrE a drinking cup with
a wide mouth and usually no handle【尤英】〔口宽而无柄的〕大
杯子 2 a small glass cup shaped for pouring, as used in a chemi-
cal LABORATORY 〔实验室用的〕量杯 3 [(of)] also 又作 bea·ker·ful
/-ful; -ful/ the amount that a beaker will hold 一大杯之量：a
beaker of coffee 一大杯咖啡
be-all and end-all /. . / n [the+S (of)] the most important
thing; the whole purpose of something 首要的事情；最高目标，
一切的一切，整体；精髓
*beam1/bim; bi:m/ n 1 a large long heavy piece of wood, espe-
cially used as part of the structure of a building 梁，横梁 2 the
bar from which scales for weighing hang 秤杆 — see also另见
broad in the beam (BROAD1(9))
*beam2n 1 a line of light shining out from some bright object光
束：the bright beam of the car's headlights 汽车前灯的光束|
a moonbeam （一道）月光 | a laser beam 激光束 2 radio waves
sent out along a narrow path in one direction only, often to
guide aircraft〔常为飞机导航的〕无线电波，射束，指向波束3a
bright look or smile 喜色，微笑：“How nice to see you!” she said. 
with a beam of welcome. “见到你多好呀！”她笑脸相迎地说。4
BrE【英】off beam infml incorrect; mistaken【非正式】不正确
的，错误的，不对头的：We tried to guess the price, but we were
way off beam. (=a long way from the true figure)我们想猜那
价钱，但我们猜的和实际价钱差得太远了。
beam3v1 [I] (of the sun or other shining objects) to send out
light (and heat)〔太阳或其他发光体)发光；发热 2 [I; T] to smile
brightly and happily 笑，眉开眼笑：He beamed (a cheerful
welcome) as he opened the door. 他开门时以微笑表示欢迎。
3 [T+obj+adv/prep] to send out (radio or television signals)
in a certain direction, using special equipment〔电台、电视台)
向··发送（电波），向·广播：The news was beamed to East Af-
rca by satellite,新闻节目通过卫星向东非广播。 4 Beam me
up, Scotty a phrase used in the television SCIENCE FICTION
series STAR TREK, as a command to make someone disappear
and then reappear in the spacecraft. The phrase is often used
humorously now when someone wants to escape quickly from
a difficult or embarrassing situation. 照亮我，斯科蒂〔科幻电视
连续剧《星空奇遇记》中的话，为一句口令，能使某人在宇宙飞船中
消失然后重新出现。现在如果有人希望马上能摆脱某一难以应付
或令人尴尬的场面，也常会幽默地使用这句话〕 — see also 另见
STAR TREK
beam-ends /， '/ n BrE【英】on one's beam-ends slang (of a
person or a business) almost without any money left【俚】〔人
或商行)经济拮据：We're on our beam-ends! 我们经济十分困
难。
Beamer, Beemer /`bime; 'bi:me/ n [C] especially AmE infml
a name for any car made by BMW【尤美，非正式】宝马车：That's
his white Beamer convertible over there. 他的白色折篷宝马
车停在那里。
*bean /bin; bi:n/ n 1 a seed of any of various upright climbing
plants, especially one that can be used as food. In Britain and
the US, beans are often eaten by people who are VEGETARIANS
(=eat no meat) or people interested in eating healthy foods. 豆
〔在英美国家，豆子一般是素食者或对健康食品感兴趣的人吃
的) — see also 另见 BAKED BEANS 2 a plant that produces beans
豆科植物 3 a POD containing beans, which grows on a bean
plant and is used when young as food 豆荚：green beans 青豆
荚 | runner beans 红花菜豆 — see also 另见 BROAD BEAN. 
FRENCH BEAN 4 a seed of certain other plants, from which food
or drink can be made 其他可制成食品或饮料的豆形果实：cof-
fee beans 咖啡豆 5 [usually in negatives 一般用于否定句] es-
pecially BrE infml the smallest possible amount of money【尤
英，非正式】最少量的钱：I haven't a bean, so I can't pay you
我一文不名，因此不能付钱给你。| It's not worth a bean. 它一
文不值。6 full of beans infml full of life and eagerness【非正
式】生气勃勃；精力充沛7 not know beans AmE infml to know
nothing(about a subject)【美，非正式】〔对某一学科〕一无所知，
-窍不通：He doesn't know beans about geography. 他对地理
窍不通。8 old bean BrE old-fash slang (used to address a
friend)【英，过时，俚】〔用于称呼朋友〕老兄：Have a look at this,
old bean!喂，老兄，你瞧瞧这个！ — see also 另见 spill the beans
(SPILL1)
Bean - see参见 MR BEAN
bean. bag /binbaeg; 'bi:nbaeg/n 1 a sewn cloth bag filled with
beans, used as a child's toy 〔儿童玩的〕豆子袋 2 a very large
CUSHION filled with small pieces of POLYSTYRENE, used as a
piece of furniture for sitting on 〔内充小块聚苯乙烯的〕豆袋坐
bean curd /'/ n [U] TOFU 豆腐
bea·nie /`bini: 'bi:ni/ n AmE a small round soft hat that fits
close to your head【美】无檐小便帽
Bea. no, The /bino; 'bi:neu/ a popular British CARTOON STRIP
for children, which has funny stories and jokes, and is sold
every week. Well-known characters from The Beano include
DENNIS THE MENACE and the BASH STREET KIDS. 《欢闹》〔英国
流行的儿童连环漫画杂志，充满有趣的故事和笑话，每周一刊，其
中著名的角色有淘气阿丹和巴什街顽童〕
bean. pole /`binpol; 'bi:npeul/ n humor a person who is very
tall and very thin【幽】高瘦的人，瘦高个子
bean-sprout /binspraut; 'bi:nspraut/ n a bean which has grown
a small SHOOT2 (1)， eaten in SALADS, Chinese food etc 豆芽
bean·stalk /binstark; 'bi:nstork/ n the stem of a bean plant豆
茎
Bean-town /bintaun; 'bi:ntaun/ AmE infml a name for the US
city of Boston【美，非正式】豆城〔美国波士顿市的别称〕
bears 熊
grizzly bear 大灰熊
polar bear 北极熊
koala bear 树袋熊
*bear1 /ber; bee/ n 1 (pl. bears or bear) a usually large heavy
animal with thick rough fur that eats flesh and also fruit and
insects 熊：a brown bear 棕熊| a polar bear 北极熊 2 a per-
son who sells business shares or goods in expectation of a fall
in prices 股市看跌的人〔证券交易中估计证券或商品将会跌价而
先抛售证券或期货者〕- compare 比较 BULL1(3) 3 a rough,
bad-mannered, bad-tempered man 粗暴鲁莽的人，脾气暴躁的
人4 a bear with a sore head a person who is very bad-tem
pered and does not seem to want the company of other people
脾气暴躁而不合群的人 — see also 另见 GREAT BEAR,TEDDY
BEAR
*bear2v bore /bor; bo:/, borne /born; bo:n/ 1 [T+obj+adv/prep]
fml or lit to carry from one place to another; carry away; CON-
VEY【正式或文】运送，运走；携带；传运：The sound of music was
borne on the wind. 乐声随风飘送。| He came bearing gifts
for all the family. 他回来时为全家带来了礼物。2 [T] to sup-
port (a weight or load); hold up 支承，支撑〔重量或重物)：承担
(责任) ：I doubt if that chair will bear your weight. 我怀疑那
把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。|a load-bearing wall 一堵支
撑重物的墙 | (fig. 喻) The captain of the ship bears a heavy
responsibility. 船长肩负着重大的责任。|(fig. 喻) All the costs
of the repairs will be borne (=paid) by our company. 全部修
理费将由我们公司负担。3 [T] to have or show (a mark or char-
acteristic)具有，带有；显出〔标记或特性)：He was attacked by
a shark years ago, and his leg still bears the scars. 多年前他
被鲨鱼袭击，至今他腿上仍有伤疤。| This letter bears no sig-
nature. 这封信上没有签名。| What she says bears no rela
tion to (=is very different from) the truth. 她所说的与事实毫
0126
不相符。| The baby bears no resemblance to its father. 
(=doesn't look like him)这婴儿长得一点不像他父亲。| His lat-
est film bears witness to (=is proof of) his versatility. 他最近
拍的影片证明了他的多才多艺。4 [T] to suffer or accept (some
thing unpleasant) without complaining; ENDURE 忍受，忍耐，
容忍，经受：She bore the pain with great courage,她非常勇敢
地忍受了痛苦。| There's nothing we can do about it, so we'll
just have to grin and bear it. 我们对此无能为力，因此只好苦
笑着忍下来了。| [+y-ing] I can't bear (=greatly dislike) be-
ing kept waiting. 我无法忍受人家叫我长时间地等候。| [+to-v]
I couldn't bear to listen any longer, so I left the room. 我实在
听不下去了，便离开了房间。— see 参见 USAGE 5 [T] usually
fml to give birth to【一般正式】生〔孩子)：She bore has borne
three children. 她生了[生过]三个孩子。| [+obj(i)+obi(d)] She
bore him a daughter. (=he was the father) 她给他生了一个女
儿。| a woman of child-bearing age 育龄妇女 — see 参见
BORN' (USAGE) 6 [I; T] to produce (a crop or fruit)长（庄稼） ；
结 （果实）；产生：The tree is bearing a lot of apples this year. 
今年苹果树结了许多苹果。|(fig. 喻) Her efforts to stage the
production bore fruit - the play was an overnight success. 
她为这出戏的上演所作的努力有了成果——演出一夜之间便打响
了。7 [I+ady/prep] to move in the stated direction 转向，朝向：
Cross the field. bear left. and you'll soon reach the village. 
穿过田野，朝左边走，你很快就可到达那个村子。8 [T usually in
negatives一般用于否定句] to be suitable for; allow适宜于;容
得：Such weak arguments won't bear serious examination. 如
此软弱无力的论据经不起严格的审查。|[+v-ing] His words
don't bear repeating. 他的话不宜复述。| The consequences
simply don't bear thinking about. (=are too terrible to think
about) 那后果简直是不堪设想。9 [T] usually fml to keep (a
feeling towards someone) in one's mind【一般正式】把〔对某人
的某种感情)怀记在心：to bear love for/hatred against some-
body对某人怀有爱[怀恨在心] | Althougi they treat her
badly she doesn't bear a grudge against them. 虽然他们待她
很不好，但她对他们并不怀恨在心。|[+obi(i)+obi(d)] She
doesn't bear them a grudge. 她对他们并不怀恶意。10
T+obj+adv/prep] fml to behave or hold (oneself) in a stated
way; COMPORT【正式】表现，保持某种举止：She bore herself
with great dignity. 她举止端庄。11 bring something to bear
on) to direct something, e. g. force or persuasion (on); EXERT
把·集中于；对·施加压力；敦促：The government brought pres-
sure to bear on the company to settle its dispute with the
workers. 政府对那家公司施加压力，促其解决与工人的纠纷。12
bear in mind to remember to consider; take account of 记住
考虑：Admittedly she didn't make a very good job of it, bu
you must bear in mind that she was ill at the time. 应该承认，
她的工作做得不很好，但是你必须记住，她当时是生病了。|Bear
me in mind if you are thinking of buying tickets for that play. 
如果你在考虑买那出戏的戏票，可别忘了我
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 abide, bear, endure
stand, and 和 tolerate. 1 Abide, bear, stand, and endure
are all used with 'can' in questions and with NEGATIVE
words to express great dislike, but endure is usually used
only about something really serious. 在疑问句和表示极不
喜欢的否定语中， abide,bear,stand 和 endure 均与 can
连用；但 endure 只用于表示非常严肃的事情：I can't abide/
bear/stand black coffee. (我喝不了不加奶的咖啡。)| 
can't endure talking to people who are racists. (与那些
种族主义分子交谈，我可真受不了。)2 Bear,endure, and
stand are also used for great physical hardship; endure
suggests pain that lasts for a long time. 表示忍受肉体上的
痛苦也可用 bear, endure 和 stand; 而 endure 则指忍受长
时间的痛苦：He bore/stood the pain as long as he could
(他尽可能久地忍着疼痛。) | She had endured great pain
for a number of years. (她已忍受了好几年极大的痛苦。)
3 Tolerate is used of people or behaviour, but not of suf-
fering. 表示容忍人或行为用 tolerate,但它不能用于表示痛
苦: I won't tolerate your rudeness. (我不会容忍你的粗暴
无礼。)
bear down phr v 1 [T] (bear sbdy. /sthg.  down) fml to
defeat; OVERWHELM【正式】打败，压倒，征服；克服：His deter
mined efforts at last bore down all opposition. 他坚持不懈的
努力终于击败了所有的反对派势力。| borne down by poverty
and deprivation 被贫穷和困苦压得喘不过气来 2 [I] to use all
one's strength and effort 使劲，用力；作出巨大努力：The driver
bore down with all his strength to control the car when the
wheels slipped. 当车轮打滑时，司机使尽全力来控制车子，
bear down on/upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to come towards
forcefully and threateningly, especially at high speed向··逼
近；冲向：The enemy ship bore down on our small boat. 敌船
向我们的小船逼近。| As soon as she saw him enter the room
she bore down on him and insisted that he join her for dinner
她一看见他进房间就立刻冲到他身边，坚持邀他和她一起吃饭
bear on/upon sthg. phr y [T] to have some connection with
与·有联系，与··有关：How does your news bear on this case?
你这消息与这案件有什么关系？ — see also另见 BEARING(2)
bear sthg. out phr y [T] to support the truth of 为··作证
证实，支持〔某种说法)：The prisoner's story was borne out by
his wife. 那囚犯的供述为他的妻子所证实。| If you tell them
what happened, I'll bear you out. 如果你把所发生的事情告诉
他们，我将为你作证。
bear up phr v [I] to show courage or strength by continuing
in spite of difficulties 支持住，撑持下去，不气馁：She bore up
bravely under her continual misfortunes. 虽连遭不幸，她仍坚
忍不拔。| Bear up! The news isn't so bad. 别气馁，消息并不那
么坏。
bear with sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to show patience towards;
PUT up with 耐心对待；容忍，忍受：You must bear with his bad
temper; he's very ill. 你必须容忍他的坏脾气，因为他病得很重。|
If you'll just bear with me for a couple of minutes I'll be able
to give you an answer. 如果你能耐心地等两三分钟，我定能给
你一个答复。
bear. a. ble /berebl; 'bearebal/ adj that can be borne or suffered
TOLERABLE 忍耐得住的；可忍受的；可容忍的； The pain was just
bearable. 这痛苦勉强可以忍受。| His increase in salar made
life more bearable. 他的工资增加了，使生活没那么艰难。
opposite 反义词 unbearable --bly adv
bear claw /'/ n AmE a fruit-filled pastry with parallel cuts in
the top that look like CLAWs (1)【美】〔顶部带有平行切条的〕熊
掌形水果馅饼
*beard' /bird; bied/ n 1 hair on the face below the mouth, often
including the jaws, chin, and neck 胡须，下巴胡：Men and goats
have beards. 人和山羊都有胡子。| He has/wears a bearc. 他
留了胡子。| He's growing a beard. 他正在留胡子。-- com-
pare 比较 MOUSTACHE, WHISKERS 2 long hairs on a plant, as
on BARLEY 〔植物的〕芒 — ~ed adj: a tall, bearded man 留有胡
子的高个子男人 — ~less adj
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK, people some
times use the phrase'beards and sandals'in a joking way
to describe the type of person who is interested in protect-
ing the environment, achieving peace, and eating ORGANIC
ood(=food produced naturally, without the use of chemi-
cals). It is a STEREOTYPE used to make fun of people such
as university teachers who have beards and wear sAnDALS
(=a light open shoe worn in warm weather). 在英国，人们
有时开玩笑用短语“胡须和凉鞋”来形容对保护环境、实现和
平及吃有机食品感兴趣的一类人，并以此取笑诸如蓄胡子、穿
凉鞋的大学教师等典型人物。 — see also 另见BIRKENSTOCKS
beard2 v[T] 1 especially BrE to oppose or deal with (someone)
confidently or disrespectfully; CONFRONT【尤英】公然反抗：She
beardec the committee and demandec an explanation. 她公
然蔑视委员会，并要求委员会作出解释。2 beard the lion in his
den lit to face someone confidently on their own ground【文】
太岁头上动土,敢于在某人的势力范围内向其挑战:He's in his
office, so let's beard the lion in his den now. 他在他的办公室
里，那么让我们在太岁头上动土吧
Beards. ley /`biedzli; 'biedzli/, Au. brey /`obri; 'o:bri/(1872-
1898)a British ILLUSTRATOR (=someone who draws pictures
for books)who is known for his black and white pictures with
clear rounded lines 比尔兹利〔(1872-1898)，英国插图画家，以
其黑白画闻名，其作品线条清晰、圆润〕
bear·er /`bar·; 'beare/ n 1 (often in comb. 常构成复合词) fml a
person who bears or carries something【正式】持··人，带[抬、
担、背]着·的人：a bearer of bad news 带来坏消息的人| the
flagbearer 擎旗者 | a pallbearer at a funeral 丧礼中执绋者
[扶灵者] 2 fml a person who holds a note or cheque for the
payment of money to himself/herself【正式】〔支票或纸币的〕持
有人，持票者：The banknote says ‘payable to the bearer on
demand'. 票据上写着：“见票即付持有人”。3 especially IndE
and PakE a male servant【尤印和巴】男仆
bearer bond /'. / n a BOND'(3) that is not recorded as be-
longing to a particular person and is therefore considered to
belong to whoever holds it 无记名债券〔指不登记拥有者的姓名，
因而被认为属于持票人的一种债券〕
bear gar. den /'. / n a place where people are making a lot of
noise and behaving in a rough way 斗熊场〔指嘈杂的场所)：Shut
0127
up for a minute! It's like a bear garden in here! 静一会儿！这
里弄得像个斗熊场似的！
bear hug /'· ·/ n infml a rough tight EMBRACE【非正式】紧紧的
拥抱
bear·ing /`berin; 'bearin/ n 1 [S; U] the way a person holds
their body or behaves; DEPORTMENT 举止，姿势，风度：an
upright, proud bearing 气宇轩昂、自豪的神态 2 [S:U(on)]
connection with or influence on something 关系，联系，影响：
What you have said has no bearing on the subject. 你所说的
与本题无关。3 [C] tech the part of a machine in which a turn
ing rod is held, or which turns on a fixed rod【术语】〔机器的]
承座；轴承 — see also 另见 BALL BEARING 4 [C] tech a direc
tion or angle as shown by a COMPASS【术语】〔罗盘显示的〕方
向，方位；方位角：to take a compass bearing 取罗盘显示的方
向 | (fig. 喻) In all this mass of details I'm afraid I've rather
lost my bearings. (=become confused)面对这堆琐碎事，恐怕
我已被搞得晕头转向了
bear-ish /`berif; 'bearif/ adj 1 rude; rough; bad-tempered 没礼
貌的，粗鲁的，暴躁的2 tech marked by, expecting, or tending
to cause falling prices【术语】〔证券交易〕行情看跌的，起跌风的
- opposite 反义词 bullish — see also 另见 BEAR1(2) — ~l
adv — ~ness n [U
bear mar-ket /'. / n a situation in which prices on the STOCK
MARKET(=the place where business shares are bought and sold)
are falling 熊市，空头市场〔指股市中股票价格趋向下跌的局
面) — compare 比较 BULL MARKET
bear-skin /`ber skin; 'bee,skin/ n 1 [C; U] the skin of a bear 熊
皮：a bearskin rug 熊皮地毯 2 [C] a tall black fur cap worn on
ceremonial occasions by certain British soldiers〔某些英国士
兵在仪式上戴的〕黑色熊皮高帽
beast /bist; bi:st/ n 1 especially lit an animal, especially a four-
footed one【尤文】兽〔尤指四足兽)〕 2 derog a person (or some-
times a thing) that one does not like; BRUTE【贬】讨厌的人[东
西]，粗野凶残的人：Her husband was a real beast. 她丈夫是个
地地道道的衣冠禽兽。| a beast of a job 令人讨厌的工作| You
beast!你这个畜生！
beast·ly /bistlr; 'bi:stli/ adj infml very unpleasant; nasty【非正
式】令人不快的，讨厌的；恶劣的：a beastly person/habit 讨厌的
人；恶习| beastly weather 恶劣的天气 [ I've had a beastly
cold. 我患了重感冒。-- beastly ady: It's beastly cold today. 
今天非常冷。-- -liness n[U]
beast of bur-den /，. . '. / n fml or lit an animal, such as a horse
or DONKEY, which carries things【正式或文】驮畜，役畜<如马. 
驴>
*beat' /bit; bi:t/ v beat, beaten /bitn; 'bi:tn/ or beat 1 [I+adv/
prep; T] to hit again and again especially with a stick or other
hard instrument 〔尤指用棍或其他硬物〕接连地打，击：His father
beat him for being disobedient. 他父亲因他不听话而打他。
to beat a drum 打鼓 | The rain was beating against the win
dows. 雨正敲打着窗户。| The firefighters beat back the flames. 
消防队员把火焰压了下去。| The mechanic beat out the dent
in the car. (=removed it by beating)机修工人把小汽车上的凹
痕敲平。| The police beat the door down in order to get into
the house. 警察为了进屋强行砸开了房子的大门。| waves beat
ing against the shore 拍岸的浪涛 | (fig. 喻) The sun beat
down (on them) all day,太阳整天火辣辣地晒着他们。2 IT (UP)]
to mix with regular movements of a fork, spoon etc 搅打，搅拌
Beat (up) the egg whites until they become stiff. 把蛋白打得
黏稠。3 [I;T] to move regularly 有规律地动：The bird beat its
wings rapidly,鸟迅速地拍打着翅膀。| You can hear its heart
beating. 你能听见它的心脏在跳动。4 [T] to defeat; do better
than 打败，胜过，超越：She beat me at tennis. 她打网球赢了我。
She's hoping to beat the world record. 她盼望着打破世界记
录。| The beaten finalists were given silver medals,决赛时落
败的选手得到了银牌。| It beats me(=I can't understand) how
he can have done it. 我感到莫名其妙，他怎么竟然做出这样的
事。| That strange story beats everything (I have ever heard)!
那个奇怪的故事真是闻所未闻！| You can't beat (=there is
nothing better than) a good film. 什么也比不上一部好电影有意
思。— see 参见 WIN (USAGE) 5 [T (to)] to reach a place or
ucceed in doing something before(someone else)比〔别人)
先到，抢先一步：We left early to beat the rush-hour traffic. 我
们趁早出发，赶在交通繁忙时间到来之前。| We were hoping to
get there first, but they beat us to it. 我们本希望第一个到达那
里，但他们抢在我们前面先到了。6 beat about the bush also
又作 beat around the bush AmE【美】- to delay talking about
the most important part of a subject 说话转弯抹角，旁敲侧击，
拖延谈及正题：I wish you'd stop beating about the bush and
tell me what you really want. 我希望你不要转弯抹角，快告诉
我你到底想要什么。7 beat a path to come rushing in large
numbers 涌到··，奔向·：If you invent a cheaper way of doing
it, people will beat a path to your door. (=will be very eager
to buy it from you)如果你发明一种较经济的方法，人们会纷纷
上来抢购的。8 beat a retreat to go away quickly so as to avoid
something unpleasant 跑掉，逃走，撤退，避开：When they saw
the teacher coming, they beat a (hasty) retreat. 他们一看见老
师来就赶紧跑掉了。9 Beat it! slang Go away at once!【俚】（立
刻)滚开！10 beat one's brains out infml to spend a lot of
time thinking or worrying about something【非正式】绞尽脑汁，
冥思苦想：I've been beating my brains out trying to think whal
to do about my elderly mother. 我一直在绞尽脑汁想找出一种
办法来安置我的老母亲。11 beat one's breast lit to show(too)
great grief【文】捶胸（哀叹）（表示悲伤）12 beat someone hol-
low infml to defeat someone completely, especially in a game
or competition【非正式】〔尤指在比赛中〕彻底击败某人，完全胜
过 13 beat someone's brains out infml to beat someone very
hard, especially on the head【非正式】狠击某人〔尤指头部〕14
beat the heat AmE infml to try to become cooler【美，非正式】
使凉快：We're going swimming in the lake to beat the heat. 我
们打算到湖里去游泳，凉快凉快。15 beat the pants off some-
one infml to defeat someone completely, e. g. in a game or
competition【非正式】〔在比赛中)彻底击败某人 16 beat the rap
AmE infml to escape criminal charges or punishment【美，非正
式】逃脱罪责：The police got him for illegal possession, but
he beat the rap. 警方以非法占有罪将他逮捕，可是他却逃过了
罪罚。17 beat time to make regular movements or noises by
which the speed of music can be measured 打拍子 18 Can
you beat that/it! slang Have you ever seen/heard anything as
strange or surprising as that!【俚】你看见[听见]过如此奇怪[惊
人]的事吗？竟有这等事！19 if you can't beat 'em, join 'em
infml if you cannot win in a situation, it is better to join the
other side and gain whatever advantages you can【非正式】赢
不了就投靠对方 20 to beat the band AmE infml in large
amounts or with great force【美，非正式】大量地：大力地：迅猛
地：It's raining to beat the band. 正下着倾盆大雨。21 beat/
play someone at their own game to do something or try to do
something more successfully than someone else does, even
though they are very good at it 与人争长：The problem for the
non-commercial stations was whether or not to play com-
mercial TV at its own game. 非商业性电视台的问题是能否赶
超商业电视台。| Gorbachev was a dynamic new Soviet leader
who had beaten Reagan, the Great Communicator, at his owr
game. 戈尔巴乔夫是位精悍的新苏联领导人，交际方面胜过大交
际家里根。 — see also 另见 BEATEN, BEATING, beat one's head
against a brick wall (HEAD1)
beat sbdy.  down phr v [T (to)] infml to persuade (someone)
to reduce a price【非正式】使〔某人]把价格压低（到）：He wanted
￡10 for the dress, but I beat him down (to ￡8. 50). 这件连衣裙
他要价十英镑，但我要他减价（减到了八镑半）
beat off phr v 1 [T] (beat sbdy. /sthg.  off) to prevent (ar
attack or attacker) from succeeding; drive back; REPULSE
退，打退，赶跑：The police beat off the demonstrators to let
the President's car through. 警察赶开示威者，以便让总统座车
通过。| The company managed to beat off an attempted
takeover. 这家公司设法挫败了一次收购企图。2 [I] AmE taboo
slang to MASTURBATE【美，讳，俚】手淫 3 [T (beat sbdy.  off)]
AmE taboo slang to MASTURBATE (a male)【美，讳，俚】〔刺激
男子生殖器〕给··性快感
beat sthg.  out phr v [T] 1 to sound by beating 用敲打伴
奏，用鼓点奏出〔节拍)：The drums beat out a rhythm. 鼓敲出
节奏。| The drummer beat out the rhythm on the drums. 鼓手
在鼓上敲出了节奏。2 to put out (a fire) by beating 扑灭〔火)
beat sbdy.  up phr v [T] infml to wound (someone) se
verely by hitting【非正式】痛打，打伤，狠揍：The boys robbed
the old man and beat him up. 几个男孩抢劫了老人并把他揍了
一顿。| He claimed that he had been beaten up by the police
他声称曾被警察狠狠打了一顿。
*beat2n 1 a single stroke or blow, as part of a group〔连续敲打中
的)一击，敲击：one beat of the drum every 60 seconds 每60秒
钟敲一次鼓|a heartbeat 心跳 2 [usually sing. 一般用单数] a
regular sound produced (as if) by repeated beating 有节奏而重
复的敲打声：the beat of marching feet 列队行进的脚步声 3
[usually sing. 一般用单数] regular STRESS' (4) in music or
poetry 〔音乐或诗的)拍子，节拍：music with a strong beat 节奏
强烈的音乐 | Every member of the band must follow the beat
乐队每个成员必须跟住拍子。4 the usual path followed by some-
one on duty, especially a policeman〔尤指警察的〕巡逻路线
beat3 adj [F] infml very tired【非正式】疲惫不堪的：I'm (dead
beat after all that work!做完那些工作后，我简直筋疲力尽了！
beat·en /`bitn; 'bi:tn/ adj [A] 1 (of metal) shaped by beating
0128
with a hammer〔金属)锻打的，锤制而成的，被锤薄的：The doors
of the palace were of beaten gold. 宫殿的门包有金箔。 2 (of a
path, track etc) given shape by the feet of those who pass along
it 〔路等〕被踏成的，走出来的：We followed a well-beaten path
through the forest. 我们沿着一条人们踏出来的路穿过森林。3 off
the beaten track/path not well-known; not often visited 不出
名的：人迹罕至的：偏远的：Let's go somewhere off the beaten
track this summer. 今年夏天我们到人家不大去的地方吧。
beat·er /`bite: 'bi:te/ n 1 (often in comb. 常构成复合词) some. 
one or something which beats 打击者；拍打器；搅拌器：an egg
beater_打蛋器 | a carpet beater(清理)地毯的掸子 | a wife
beater 打妻子的人 2 (especially in Britain) a person who drives
wild birds or animals towards the guns of those waiting to
shoot them〔尤指在英国，把野生动物或鸟赶向猎人枪口的〕猎人
助手 3 AmE an old car in poor condition【美】破旧的汽车，老爷车
Beat Gen·e. ra·tion, the /'·. ，. / the group of young people in
the 1950s including the writers Jack Kerouac and Aller
Ginsberg, who refused to accept the values of Western society
and showed this by refusing to work. keeping no material
possessions, and wearing their own style of clothes 垮掉的一
代，反传统一代〔指20世纪50年代的一群年轻人，包括作家杰克
凯鲁亚克和艾伦·金斯堡，他们拒绝接受西方社会的价值观念，表
现为拒绝工作，不保留身外之物，穿着风格独特〕 — see also另见
Allen GINSBERG
bea·tif. ic /bie`tifik;bi:e'tifik/adj giving or showing great joy. 
peace, or blessedness(使)极乐的；（使）安息的：赐福的：幸福的
a beatific smile on the holy man's face 圣者脸上安详的笑容 -
~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
be. at. i. fy /br`aete fai; bi'aetfai/ v [T] (in the Roman Catholic
Church)to declare (a dead person) officially blessed and holy
〔罗马天主教)为（死者）行宣福礼--fication /baetefe`kefen;
bi. aetf'keifan/ n [C; U]
beat·ing /`bitin; 'bi:tin/ n 1 [C; U] an act of giving repeated
blows, usually for punishment 打，击；痛打〔尤指为了惩罚)：He
was given a severe beating for lying to his father. 他因为对父
亲撒谎而被狠揍了一顿。2 [C] a defeat, especially in a game or
competition 〔尤指在比赛中)失败，败北：The home side got/took
quite a beating. 主队遭到惨败。
be·at·i·tude /bi`aete tjud; bi'aettju:d/ n [U] fml or lit a state of
great happiness or blessedness【正式或文】至福，极乐
Be·at·i·tudes, the /bi`aetitjudz; bi'aettju:dz/ n [P] in the Bible
a set of eight statements made by Jesus which list the types of
people who are 'blessed'(=specially loved by God). Each state-
ment starts with the words 'Blessed are. ', for example
'Blessed are the poor in spirit'. 〔《圣经》中)耶稣登山训众的八
福词〔每句都以“··有福了”开头，如“虚心的人有福了”〕
Beat-les, the /`bitlz: 'bi:tlz/ a British popular music group who
made their first record in 1962 and became the most famous
and successful group ever. Their records include Love Me Do
I Want to Hold Your Hand, A Hard Day's Night, Yellow Sub-
marine, and Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. They
had a great influence on the development of popular music. 
When they separated in 1970， each member of the group con-
tinued to make music. The members of the Beatles were George
HaRRiSOn John lennon Paul mccartney and ringo starr
甲壳虫乐队〔英国一流行音乐组合，1962年灌制了首张唱片，从而
成为最著名、最成功的一支乐队，他们的唱片包括《请爱我》、《我愿
握着你的手》、《忙乱了一天之后的夜晚》、《黄色潜艇》和《佩珀军
士寂寞的心俱乐部乐队》。该乐队对于流行音乐的发展影响重大，
1970年乐队解散后，其成员各自从事流行音乐工作。乐队成员有
乔治·哈里森、约翰·列侬、保罗·麦卡特尼以及林戈·斯塔尔〕
beat. nik /bitnik: 'bi:tnik/ n in the late 1950s and early 1960s, a
person who showed opposition to the moral standards and ways
of life of ordinary society. People often think of beatniks as
young people with long hair and dirty clothes. 反传统一代 (beat
generation)成员，〔俗称〕披头族的人〔20世纪50年代末和60年
代初出现于美国的一群反对世俗陈规和一般社会生活方式的年轻
人，在人们的印象中他们留长发，穿脏衣服〕
Bea. ton /bitn; 'bi:tn/, Sir Ce. cil /`sasl; 'sesal/ (1904-1980) a
British photographer and designer for fashion, theatre, and film. 
He is known for his pictures of famous and wealthy people. 比
顿〔(1904-1980)，英国摄影家、时装及戏剧电影服装设计师，以拍
摄名流巨富的肖像而著名
Bea-trice /`bietris; 'bietrs/ the main female character who guides
Dante through Paradise in the DIVINE COMEDY 贝雅特里齐〔《神
曲》中引导但丁通过天堂的一位女子〕
beat·up /'/ adj AmE infml in bad condition【美，非正式】破旧
的，破烂的：a beat-up old car一辆破旧的小汽车
beau /bo; beu/ n beaux /boz; beuz/ or beaus old use or lit【日
或文】1 a fashionable well-dressed man 花花公子，纨袴子弟：衣
着入时的男子 2 a woman's admirer or lover〔女子的〕爱慕者，
追求者，情郎，男友
Beau-fort scale /`bofat skel; 'beufet skeil/ a system used for
measuring the speed of wind, in which ‘O' is the lowest and
means no wind, and '12' is the highest and means a HURRI
CANE 蒲福风级〔一种测量风速等级的单位。0为最低，表示没有
风，12为最高，表示飓风〕
Beau·jo. lais /，bo3e`le; 'beu3elei/ n [U] a type of French red
wine 博若莱葡萄酒〔一种法国红葡萄酒
Beaujolais nou. veau /boze le nu`vo;,beuzalei nu:'veu/ n [U]
a type of Beaujolais wine that is drunk almost as soon as it has
been made. In the UK there is a competition each year to see
who can bring the first bottles from France to England. 博若莱
新酿葡萄酒〔一种刚酿成就饮用的博若莱葡萄酒，英国每年举行比
赛，看谁可以最先将第一批新酒从法国运往英国〕
beau monde /bo `mand; beu 'mo:nd/ n [the] Fr the world of
high society and fashion【法】上流社会，社交界；时装界
beaut1 /bjut; bju:t/ n AmE and AustrE infml someone or some
thing that is very good (or bad); BEAUTY (3)【美和澳，非正式】
好人[事]；很棒的人[事]；丑人[事]：That black eye is a real
beaut!那只打青的眼睛真够好看的
beaut2 adj AustrE infml (of things) nice; good; MARVELLOUS
【澳，非正式】好的，妙的，棒的：The food/weather was beaut. 这
食品好极了；天气棒极了。
beau·te·ous /`bjuties; 'bju:ties/ adj poet beautiful【诗】美丽的
'It is a beauteous evening, calm and free. ' (Wordsworth)“这
是个美丽的夜晚，宁静而悠闲。”（华兹华斯） — ~ly ady
beau. ti. cian /bju`tifen; bju:'tifan/ n a person who gives beauty
treatments to skin, hair etc 美容师
*beau. ti. ful /bjutefel; 'bju:tfal/ adj 1 having beauty; giving
great pleasure to the mind or senses美丽的，美好的，优美的：a
beautiful girl/lake/sunset美丽的女孩[湖泊;夕阳] 2 infm very
good【非正式】极好的，妙极的：The soup was really beautiful
这汤真是好极了。 — see also 另见 small is beautiful (SMALL'
 — ~ly adv: a beautifully written novel 一部写得很好的小说
USAGE 用法说明 1 Beautiful is a much stronger word
to describe a person's appearance than pretty, handsome
good-looking or attractive. 在描写人的外貌时， beautiful
比 pretty, handsome,good-looking,或 attractive 都要
强烈得多。2 Beautiful and pretty can be used of women. 
children, and things, but not usually of men. 通常 beauti. 
ful 和 pretty 可用于女人、孩子和事物，但不能用于男人：a
beautiful girl/house(美丽的女孩；漂亮的房子) | a pretty
child/picture （漂亮的小孩[图画]）。Handsome is usually
used of men, but a handsome woman is good-looking in a
strong, healthy way. 描写男人通常用 handsome,但也可以
说 a handsome woman,其意思是一个强壮、健康的女人。
Good-looking can be used of men and women, but not
usually of things. 用于男、女均可的词是 good-looking,但
它不能用来描写东西。Attractive can be used of men. 
women, and things. 可用于男人、女人和事物的词是 attrac-
tive: an attractive young man （一个有魅力的青年） | an
attractive pattern(一个引人注目的图案) — see also另见
LOVELY(USAGE)
beautiful peo-ple /，· '·/n [P] AmE rich, usually famous people
【美】富人〔常指名人)，上流社会的人：The beautiful people al
spend their summers at Martha's Vineyard. 富人都在马莎葡
萄园里度夏
beau·ti·fy /`bjute,fai; 'bju:tfai/ v [T] to make beautiful 使美
丽，美化
*beau. ty /bjutr; 'bju:ti/ n 1 [U] the qualities in someone or some
thing that give pleasure to the senses or lift up the mind or
spirit 美，美丽，漂亮：a womanla poem of great beauty 非常美
丽的女人；极美的诗篇| enchanted by the beauty of the scen-
ery 为美景所陶醉 2 [C] someone (usually female) or some-
thing beautiful 美人；美好的事物：His mother was a great
beauty. 她母亲当年是个大美人。| the beauties of our city 我
们城市的美景3[C] infml someone or something very good
or bad); a perfect example【非正式】很好的人[东西]；很糟的人
[东西]：That apple is a real beauty. 那个苹果真是个佳品。|
That black eye you got in the fight is a beauty!你在斗殴中被
打青的眼睛真是够漂亮的！ 4 [the (of)] the advantage (of some-
thing); a particularly good quality that makes something spe
cial or valuable 优点，好处，妙处：The beauty (of my idea) is
that it would cost so little! （我的主意） 奥妙之处在于它花费极
少。5 a thing of beauty is a joy for ever quote a phrase from
a poem by John Keats【引】美丽的东西永远赏心悦目〔约翰·济
慈诗中的一句话)6 Beauty is in the eve of the beholder say-
0129
ing different people have different opinions about what is
beautiful【谚】美不美因人而异，情人眼里出西施 7 Beauty is only
skin deep saying a person may be attractive, but they may
also be an unpleasant person underneath【谚】美貌只是一层皮
外表好看靠不住
Beauty and the Beast /. ·/ an old story about a beautifu
young girl called Beauty, who is forced to live with a frighten-
ng creature called the Beast. She dreams about a beautiful
prince, but the Beast loves her and she gradually begins to care
about him too. He continually asks her to marry him, and when
she finally agrees, he magically becomes the beautiful prince
that he used to be. This story has often been made into films
including one by Walt Disney, and in the UK many PANTO-
MIMES are based on it. 《美女与野兽》〔一则古老的传说，讲述-
位年轻貌美的姑娘（美女）被迫与一只可怕的怪物（野兽）一起生
活。姑娘梦想得到一位英俊的王子，但是那只怪物很爱她，渐渐地，
她也开始关心起怪物来了。在怪物的不断请求下她终于同意嫁给
他。怪物奇迹般地恢复了原先的模样——一位英俊的王子。这故
事曾被改编成许多电影，其中有一部由迪斯尼公司拍摄。在英国
许多童话剧都以此为蓝本〕
beauty con·test /'··/ n a competition in which young women
are judged on how attractive they look, and the winner be-
comes a BEAUTY QUEEN. Beauty contests became much less
popular in the 1980s and 1990s, and many people disapprove
of the idea that women should be judged on their appearance
选美大赛〔以年轻女子的容貌作为衡量标准的竞赛，胜者当选为选
美王后。20世纪80、90年代，选美大赛的受欢迎程度大大下降
许多人反对以容貌作为女子的衡量标准〕
beauty mark /'· ·/ n AmE for【美】= BEAUTY SPOT (2)
beauty par-lour /'· ，·/ also 又作 beauty sal·on /'· ，·/， beauty
shop /'· ·/ AmE【美】-- n a place where women are given beauty
treatments for the face, hair etc 美容院
beauty queen /'· ·/ n the winner of a competition in which
women are judged for their beauty 选美皇后〔选美大会中的优
胜者〕
beauty sleep /'·. / n [U] usually humor sleep during the early
part of the night, believed to be the best for beauty【一般幽】美
容睡眠〔据信午夜前的睡眠最有益于美容〕
beauty spot /'. /n 1 a place known for the beauty of its sce-
nery 名胜，美景 2 also 又作 beauty mark AmE【美】a dark-
coloured mark on the skin 痣：美人斑
Beau. voir /bov`war; 'beuvwa:/, Simone de /si`mon de; si-
'meun de/(1908-1986) a French writer who had an important
influence on the development of FEMINISM and was also in
terested in the ideas of EXISTENTIALISM. Her most famous book
is The Second Sex, but she also wrote several novels. She was
for many years in a relationship with Jean-Paul SARTRE. 波伏
瓦〔(1908-1986)，法国作家，对于女权运动的发展影响重大，同时
也对存在主义思想感兴趣。除了最著名的《第二性》外，她还写了
几本小说，多年来与让·保罗·萨特维持着关系〕
bea·ver' /`bive; 'bi:ve/ n 1 [C] a water and land animal of the
rat family with a broad flat tail and valuable fur. Beavers build
DAMS across streams and are supposed to work very hard. 
狸；海狸，海獭 2 [U] the skin of this animal 海狸皮：a beaver
coat 海狸皮外衣 — see also 另见 EAGER
beaver2v
beaver away phr v [I (at)] infml, especially BrE to work
hard, especially at a desk job【非正式，尤英】〔尤指案头工作〕卖力
地干，勤奋地工作：We watched him beavering away at his com
plicated calculations. 我们看着他在孜孜不倦地做着复杂的计算
Bea·ver-brook /`bivabruk; 'bi:vebruk/, Lord (1879-1964) a
powerful and successful British businessman and politician,
who was born in Canada. He owned The Daily Express and
other newspapers, and also had several important positions in
the British government. 比弗布鲁克男爵〔(1879-1964)，一位
成功的商业、政治强人，出生于加拿大，是《每日快报》及其他几份
报纸的持有人，也在英国政府中任多个要职〕
Bea. vis & Butt head /bivis end `bathed; bi:vs end 'bathed
the two main characters in a CARTOON that was originally shown
on MTV. Beavis and Butthead are TEENAGE friends who make
rude or stupid comments about the music VIDEOS they are
watching. They laugh a lot in a silly way, and they enjoy in-
sulting each other. The programme is sometimes criticized by
parents, who think it encourages stupid behaviour,瘪四和大头
蛋〔一部卡通片中的两位主要人物，最初出现在音乐电视节目中。
他们俩是一对少年挚友，一边看音乐录像带一边发表粗俗愚蠢的评
论。他们常大声傻笑，喜欢相互辱骂。这节目有时遭到家长的批
评，因为他们认为它助长了愚蠢的行为】
be·bop /`bi. bap; 'bi:bpp/ n [U]=BOP3
be·calmed /bi`kamd; bi'ka:md/ adj (of a sailing ship) unable
to move because there is no wind〔帆船〕因无风不能前进的
*be·cause /bi`koz; bi'kpz/ conj 1 for the reason that 因为：I do it
because I like it. 我这样做是因为我喜欢这样做。| She got the
job because she was the best candidate. 她得到了那份工作，
因为她是最佳的人选。|“Why can't I go?”“Because you're
too young. ”“为什么我不能去？”“因为你太年轻了。”2 because
of by reason of; as a result of 因为，由于：I came back because
of the rain. 因为下雨我回来了。— see 参见 REASON (USAGE)
3 because it's there quote a phrase originally used by the
mountain climber George Mallory when asked to explain why
he wanted to climb Mount Everest, and now sometimes used
humorously as an answer when someone is asked why they
want to do something very difficult or dangerous【引】因为它
就在那儿〔最初为登山运动员乔治·马洛里在别人问他为何想攀登
珠穆朗玛峰时所说的话。现在，如果有人被问起为什么想做非常困
难或危险的事时，会幽默地用这句话来回答〕
be. cha·mel sauce /befemal`sos;beifemel 'so:s/ n [C; U] a
thick white SAUCE made with butter, flour, and cream 〔用黄
油、面粉和奶油等制成的〕贝夏梅尔调味白汁
Be. cher's Brook /bitfa-z `bruk: bi:tfez 'bruk/ a very difficult
part of the Grand National (=a famous horse race in the UK, in
which the horses have to jump over high fences). Many horses
fall when they try to jump over Becher's Brook. 比彻浜〔英国
全国大马赛中一个很难跳跃的障碍，许多赛马在此失足〕
beck'/bk; bek/ n at someone's/one's beck and call always
ready to do anything someone/one asks 听命于某人
beck2n NEngE a stream, especially a small hill stream【英格兰
北部】小溪流，山川，山涧
Becker, Boris (1967- )a German TENNIS player, who became
the youngest person to win the men's SINGLES competition at
WIMBLEDON when he was 17. He remained very successful
until he stopped playing international tennis in 1996. 贝克尔
〔(1967-)，德国网球运动员，17岁时成为荣获温布尔登网球公开
赛男子单打冠军的最年轻选手，1996年退役前战果辉煌
Bec·ket /`bakit: 'bekit/. Saint Thomas a (1118-1170) an En. 
glish priest who became the Archbishop of Canterbury. He had
a serious argument with the king, Henry II, who is believed to
have said, 'Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?' As a result,
Becket was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral by some of the
king's soldiers. 贝克特〔(1118-1170)，英国牧师，曾任坎特伯雷
大主教，与国王亨利二世不和。据认为亨利二世曾说过，“谁愿帮我
除掉这个狂妄的牧师？”结果，贝克特在坎特伯雷大教堂被国王的
卫兵杀害〕
Bec·kett /bakit; 'bekit/, Sam·u. el /saemjuel; 'saemjuel/ (1906-
1989)an Irish writer of plays, novels, and poetry who lived in
France and is famous for his play Waiting for Godot. In 1969
he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. 贝克特 〔 (1906-1989)，
爱尔兰剧作家、小说家和诗人，侨居法国，以剧本《等待戈多》最为
出名，1969年荣获诺贝尔文学奖〕
Beck. ham /`bkem; 'bekem/, David (1975- )a British foot-
ball player who plays for Manchester United and also for the
English national team. He is married to the singer Victoria
Adams, who was a member of the SPICE GIRLS and is usually
called 'Posh Spice'. Beckham became very unpopular during
the football World Cup in 1998， because he was sent off (=told
to leave the field because of bad behaviour) during England's
game against Argentina, and some people thought this caused
England to lose the game. 贝克汉姆〔(1975- )，英国足球运动
员，效力于曼彻斯特联队和英国国家足球运动队，他与辣妹演唱组
的“高贵辣妹”维多利亚·亚当斯结婚。在1998年世界杯英格兰与
阿根廷的比赛中，他被罚出场，有人认为这导致英格兰队输了这场
球赛，因而他一度变得非常不受欢迎〕
beck. on /`baken; 'beken/y [I(to); T] to call, order, or signal
with a movement of the head, hand etc〔用头或手的动作〕示意
召唤：I could see her beckoning (to) me from the other side of
the room. 我能看见她从房间的另一边向我示意。| She beck-
oned me to follow her. 她示意要我跟着她走。| He beckoned
with his finger and the child came running. 他用手指示意，那
孩子就跑过来了。| He stood waiting until the policeman beck-
oned him on. 他站着等候,一直到警察示意他继续往前走。| (fig. 
喻) I'd like to stay -- but work beckons, you know! 我愿意多
待一会儿—但是，你知道，工作在召唤我呀！
*be. come /bi`kvm; bi'kvm/v became /bi`kem; bi'keim/, become
1 [L] to begin or come to be 成为，变成，变得：He became king
at the age of 17. 他 17岁时成为国王。| After the death of her
father she became the richest woman in the world. 她父亲死
后，她成了世界上最富有的女人。| The weather became
warmer. 天气变得更暖和了。| We soon became acclimatized
to the warmer weather. 我们很快就适应了较暖和的气候。|
These constant delays are becoming a bit of a bore. 这些经常
0130
性的耽搁变得有点儿讨厌了。| She became increasingly anx-
ious about her husband's strange behaviour. 她对丈夫的奇怪
行为变得日益忧虑。| He withdrew from the competition when
it became clear that he stood no chance of winning. 他知道自
己在比赛中没有赢的希望时，便退出了比赛。2[T] fml to be right
or suitable to; BEFIT【正式】适合，适宜；与··相称：This sort of
behaviour hardly becomes a person in your position. 这种行
为与一个有你这样地位的人简直不相称。
become of sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to happen to, often in a bad
way〔常指坏事〕··发生[遭遇]某种情况；结果（怎么样）：I don't
know what will become of us if the company goes bankrupt. 
如果公司破产，我真不知道我们会怎么样。|Whatever became
of that nice girl you used to share a flat with?过去同你合住
一套房子的那个可爱的女孩后来怎样了？
□USAGE 用法说明 Become can be used of people and
things and with most types of adjective. become可用于人
和事物，并与大部分不同类型的形容词连用：Mary became
angry/famous. (玛丽生气了[成名了]。)| The sky became
cloudy. (天空变得多云了。) | It became clear that he was
lying. (事情已经很清楚：他在撒谎。)With adjectives of
colour, turn can be used. 在与表示颜色的形容词连用时，
可用 turn: The leaves are turning brown. （树叶在变成棕
褐色。) or go (informally, or if the change in colour is not
long-lasting; go is nonstandard in American English when
used in this way). 在非正式场合，或如果颜色不是长久不变
的话，也可用go,但这种说法在美国英语中是不标准的。Com-
pare 比较：His skin had turned/gone(infml非正式) brown
from the weeks he spent working in the sun. （在太阳底下
干了几个星期活之后，他的皮肤变得黝黑了。)|His face
went red when they made fun of him. （他们取笑他时，他脸
红了。)Go can also be used to show changes(usually for
the worse)in the following expressions. go 也可用于下列
短语，表示变化（通常指往坏处变）：He went mad/blind/deaf/
bald. (他变疯了 [瞎了； 聋了；秃了]。) | The meat's gone
bad. (肉变坏了。)
be. com. ing /bi`kamin; bi'kvmin/ adjfml【正式】1 apprec(of
colour, clothes etc) looking very good on the wearer【褒】〔颜
色、衣服等〕合适的；相配的，好看的：Blue always looks very be-
coming on her. 她穿蓝色的衣服总是很合适的。2 proper or suit-
able; APPROPRIATE 适当的，适宜的：His laughter was not
very becoming on such a solemn occasion. 在如此严肃的场合，
他的笑声不很得体。- opposite 反义词 unbecoming — ~ly adv
bec. que. rel /bak`ral;,beke'rel/ n a unit used for measuring levels
of RADIOACTIVITY贝克（勒尔）〔放射性强度单位
single bed 单人床
bunk beds 双层床
cot BrE/crib AmE
床：a room with two beds 有两张床的房间 | I like reading in
bed. 我喜欢躺在床上看书。| a comfortable bed for the night
夜间睡觉用的舒适的床|a 40-bed hospital (=with beds for 40
patients)有40张病床的医院 | It's time for bed. (=time to go
to sleep)是睡觉的时候了。| It's time those children went to
bed. 那些孩子该上床睡觉了。| You look ill, young man: bed
is the place for you! 年轻人，你看来病了，该卧床了。| He
helped me to make the bed. (=make it ready for sleeping in)
他帮我铺好床铺（准备睡觉）。|He tried to get her to go to bed
with him. (=have sexual relations with him)他企图拉她上床
(与他发生性关系)。| He took to his bed. (=went to bed and
stayed there because of illness)他因病卧床。2 [C] a surface
that forms the base or bottom of something事物的底部，基座：
the bed of a river 河床 | the seabed 海底| The hut rests on a
bed of cement. 小屋建于水泥地基上。3 [C] a piece of ground
prepared for plants; a FLOWERBED 苗床；圃；花坛 4 [C] a band
of rock lying above or below others; STRATUM 地层，层：In
this part of the country you can see the rock beds clearly,
one on top of the other. 在这个地区，你可清楚地看到一层层不
同的岩层。5 be brought to bed of lit or old use to give birth
to (a child)【文或旧】生（小孩） 6 get out of bed on the wrong
side infml【非正式】‖also 又作 get up on the wrong side of
the bed AmE infml【美，非正式】to be in a bad temper 心情不
好 7 you've made your bed and you must lie on it saying
you must accept the bad results of your actions【谚】自作自受，
自食其果 — see also 另见 BED OF ROSES 8 be in bed with
someone also 又作 get into bed with BrE【英】to join or start
working with another business company or political group, in
order to get a business or political advantage, used especially
when you disapprove of this arrangement(often used in news-
papers,television news etc)〔公司或政治团体间〕勾结〔使用者常
带有不满之意，多见于报纸、电视新闻等)：It's a union town —
which means that the politicians are in bed with the unions. 
小镇气氛融洽得可以——也就是说政客同工会互相勾结。|BT
immediately got into bed with MCI, America's second big-
gest long-distance phone company. 贝尔公司立即与美国第二
大长途电话公司——微波通讯公司勾结上了。| Once again, the
government has been caught in bed with the tobacco industry. 
那个政府再一次被发现与烟草业有勾连。
bed2v-dd- [T] 1 [+obj+adv/prep] to fix on a base (or beneath
the surface); EMBED 固定在·上，嵌入，埋置：The machine is
bedded in cement. 这台机器安装在水泥座上。2 [T (OUT)] to
plant in a bed or beds 栽种于花坛[苗床]里：These young plants
will soon be ready for bedding (out) in the border. 这些幼苗
很快就可以移植到路边的花坛里。3 old-fash to persuade(a
woman) to have sexual relations with one【过时】诱使〔女子)
与其发生性关系
bed down phr v1 [T](bed sbdy. /sthg. down) to make (a
beds 床
person or animal) comfortable for the night使〔人或牲畜)安睡
2 [I] to make oneself comfortable for the night 使自己安睡：
I'll bed down on these chairs. 我将睡在这些椅子上。
bed and board /·/ BrE【英】‖room and board AmE【美】
n [U] food and a place to sleep 膳宿
bed and break. fast /·/ also 又作 b and b - n [C; U] (a
private house or small hotel that provides)a place to sleep for
the night and breakfast the next morning for a fixed price〔提
供〕床铺宿夜和次日早餐（的私人住家或小旅馆）
be. daub /bi`dob; bi'do:b/ v [T(with)] fml to make dirty with
something wet and sticky; SMEAR2【正式】〔用湿黏的东西)乱涂，
抹，弄脏：a wall bedaubed with mud 涂满了泥浆的墙
bed bath /'/ n a thorough, whole body wash given by nurses
etc to someone who is unable to leave their bed〔护士等)给卧
病不起的人洗的澡
bed·bug /`bad,bvg; 'bedbvg/ also 又作 bug - n a wingless
blood-sucking insect that lives in houses and especially beds
臭虫；木虱，床虱
bed. cham. ber /bad,tfemba; 'bed,tfeimbe/ n [C] old-use a
bedroom【旧】卧室
futon
bed. clothes /`bad kloz; 'bedkleuoz/ n [P] the sheets, covers
etc on a bed 寝具，铺盖〔包括被单、床罩等)- compare比较 BED
LINEN
bed. ding /`badin;'bedin/ n [U]1 bedclothes 床上用品，铺盖，
寝具 2 materials on which an animal can sleep〔家畜的)垫草，
动物做窝的物品：This straw will make good bedding for the
animals. 这些稻草可给牲畜做个很好的窝。
bedding plant /'. /n a plant, often with flowers, that is planted
out into a garden in the spring and that only lasts for one sum-
cradle 摇篮
mer 在园中种植的花草〔在春天种植，只存活一个夏天〕
bed·dy-bye /`badi bai; 'bedi bai/ AmE【美】bye-byes BrE
【英】-n time for beddy-bye (used by or to children) time to
0131
go to bed and to sleep该上床睡觉了〔儿童或对儿童使用〕
Bede /bid; bi:d/, the Venerable (？673-735) an English priest
who wrote about early English history, and is thought of as the
first English HISTORIAN 比德〔(？673-735)，英国牧师，写有讲述
早期英国历史的著作，被认为是首位英国历史学家〕
be-deck /bi`dk; bi'dek/ v [T (in, with)] fml or lit to hang deco-
rations, jewels, flowers etc on; DECK out【正式或文】用··装饰，
以··点缀：The cars were all bedecked with flowers for the
ceremony. 为了这次庆祝仪式，汽车全都用花装饰起来了
be-dev. il /br`davl; bi'deval/ ν-ll- BrE【英】‖-l- AmE【美】[T]
to continually cause trouble and difficulty for someone or some-
thing〔尤指不断地〕使混淆，使迷惑，使苦恼；搅扰，纠缠，搞糟：
The whole project has been bedevilled by arguments over
the plans. 整个工程由于对计划争论不休而被搞得乱糟糟的。-
~ment n [U]
be. dewed /bi`dud; bi'dju:d/ adj [F(with)] lit made wet as with
drops of water【文】被沾湿的，被滴湿的：cheeks bedewed with
tears 泪水沾湿了的双颊
bed·fellow /`bed,felo; 'bed,feleu/ n 1 a person who shares a
bed 同床者，共睡者 2 a close companion or partner, especially
in business or politics〔尤指在商业或政治上〕关系密切的伙伴，
同事，同盟者：The two old rivals made strange bedfellows
(=unexpected partners) when they agreed to work together
against the government. 那两个老对手一致同意合作反对政府，
虽各怀鬼胎，还是成为盟友了。
Bed. ford. shire /badfa-df; 'bedfedfe/ a COUNTY in S England. 
whose main town is Bedford 贝德福德郡〔英格兰南部一郡，主
要城镇为贝德福德
be. dimmed /bi`dimd; 'bi'dimd/ adj [F (with)] lit made less
able to see or understand clearly【文】使看不清的，（因··而）朦
胧的：eyes bedimmed with age 随年岁的增加而变得昏花的眼
睛
bed. lam /badlem; 'bedlem/ n 1 [S; U] infml a wild untidy noisy
place or activity【非正式】吵闹嘈杂的地方；喧闹的活动：If I leave
the children on their own it's absolute bedlam by the time I
get back. 如果我让孩子喜欢怎么搞就怎么搞，到我回来时那准是
·塌糊涂。2 [C] old use a hospital for mad people【旧】精神病
院，疯人院
bed lin·en /'·/ n the sheets and PILLOWCASEs for a bed 被单
和枕套 — compare 比较 BEDCLOTHES
bed of ros. es /·/ n [S] a happy comfortable state 安乐舒适
的状况，称心如意的处境：Life isn't always a bed of roses, you
know. 要知道，人生并非总是事事如意的。
bed. ou·in /`baduin; 'bedusn/n bedouin or bedouins (often cap
常用大写) a wandering Arab of the desert 贝都因人〔沙漠地带
游牧的阿拉伯人)
bed·pan /`bed paen; 'bedpaen/ n a low wide container for body
waste, used by a person who is unable to get out of bed 〔病人
在床上用的〕便盆 — compare 比较 CHAMBER POT,POTTY
bed. post /'bad,post; 'bedpeust/ n one of the main supports at
the four corners of an old-fashioned bed〔旧式床的)床柱，床架
杆 — see also 另见 between you, me, and the bedpost
(BETWEEN1(5)
be. drag. gled /bi`draegld; bi'draegald/ adj wet and LIMP or
muddy (as if) after being out in the rain 又湿又脏的：a be-
draggled appearance 不修边幅的样子 | She looked rather be. 
draggled. 她显得有些邋里邋遢的。
bed·rid. den /bad,ridn; 'bed, ridn/ adj unable to get out of bed
because of illness or old age(因生病或年老)卧床不起的：He's
bedridden with flu. 他因患流感而卧病在床。
bed. rock /`bad,rak; 'bedrok/ n [U] 1 the main stretch of solid
rock in the ground supporting all the soil above it 基岩，底岩，
床岩 2 the main facts or principles on which a belief, activity
etc rests〔信仰、活动等依据的〕基本事实[原则]，根底，基础：Let's
get down to bedrock, and find out the truth. 让我们寻根究
底，查明真相。| the bedrock cost of running the business 经营
企业的基本费用
bed·roll /badrol; 'bedreul/ n AmE covers, especially BLANKETS
(thick woollen covers), rolled together to be carried easily and
used for sleeping outdoors, especially formerly【美】铺盖，铺
盖卷：The cowboy strapped his bedroll behind the saddle. 那
个牛仔把铺盖卷系在马鞍后面。
bed. room1/`bad,rum; 'bedrum/ n a room for sleeping in 卧室：
The children's bedroom is on the top floor. 孩子的卧室在顶
层。| a hotel with 230 bedrooms 拥有230间客房的旅馆
bedroom2 adj [A] about or suggesting sexual relations 有关或
暗示男女性关系的：bedroom scenes in a film 电影中的床上镜
头
bed-roomed /`badrumd; 'bedrumd/ adj having a specific num
ber of bedrooms 有特定数目卧室的：a two-bedroomed apart-
ment 一套有两间卧室的公寓房
bed·side /`bed said; 'bedsaid/ n the side of a bed 床侧，床边
He has been called to the bedside of his sick father. 他被叫到
病重的父亲的床边。| a bedside lamp 床头灯
bedside man·ner /··/ n a calm, gentle way of talking to
sick people, used by doctors in order to show people that they
do not need to worry 医生对病人说话时安慰的态度
bed-sit·ter /· '·/ also 又作 bed-sit·ting room /，· `· ·/ fml【正
式】， bed-sit /'··/ infml【非正式】- n BrE a room used for
both living and sleeping in. Bed-sitters are cheap to rent, and
so are usually rented by young, single people who have little
money. 【英】起居室兼卧室的两用房间〔这种房间租金低，所以通
常为年轻、没钱的单身者所租用〕— see 参见HOUSE(USAGE)
bed. sore /`bad,sor; 'bedso:/ n a sore place on a person's skin
caused by having to lie in bed for long time〔长期卧床引起的〕
褥疮
bed·spread /bad,sprad; 'bedspred/ n a decorative cloth cover
for a bed 床罩
bed·stead /`bad,sted; 'bedsted/ n the main framework (wooden
or metal) of a bed〔木制或金属制的〕床架
bed. time /`bad,taim; 'bedtaim/ n [C; U] the right time for go-
ing to bed 就寝时间：It's long past your bedtime, children! 孩
子们，你们应该上床睡觉的时间早就过啦！|a bedtime story 哄
孩子睡觉时讲或读的故事
bed wet·ter /'·/ n someone, especially a child, who passes
water in his sleep 尿床的人〔尤指孩子)，遗尿症患者：Our son
was a bed wetter till he was 11. 我们的儿子11岁之前一直尿
床。- bed-wetting n[U]
*bee /bi; bi:/ n 1 a stinging insect that makes sweet HONEY, lives
in large social groups, and is supposed to be very busy 蜜蜂
2 AmE infml a meeting of women for work【美，非正式】〔为工
作而举行的〕妇女聚会：a sewing bee 妇女间的缝纫聚会 3 a
friendly competition 友好的比赛：a spelling bee 拼字比赛 4 'bee
in one's bonnet infml a fixed idea about something; OBSESSION
【非正式】〔对某事物的〕固执想法，死心眼的想法：He's got a bee
in his bonnet about health foods. 他对保健食品着了魔。5 the
bee's knees BrE infml the best person or thing at an activity,
in a place etc【英，非正式】〔某一活动、某一地方等的〕最佳的人
或物：John thinks he's the bee's knees around here but there
are better students in the class. 约翰认为自己是这里的尖子，
可是班上还有比他强的学生呢。
Beeb, the /bib; bi:b/ infml the BBC【非正式】英国广播公司
beech /bitf; bi:tf/ n [C; U] (the wood of) a large forest tree with
a smooth grey trunk, spreading branches, and dark green or
copper-coloured leaves 山毛榉（木）
Bee. cham /`bitfem; 'bi:tfem/, Sir Thomas (1879-1961) an
English CONDUCTOR who established the London Philharmonic
Orchestra in 1932 and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in
1946比彻姆〔(1879-1961)，英国指挥家，1932年创立伦敦爱乐
交响乐团，1946年创立皇家爱乐交响乐团〕
Beecham's pow. ders /. . / trademark a popular type of
British medicine for colds or FLU, sold as a powder that you
mix with water【商标】“比彻姆”感冒药粉〔英国制造的一种畅销
药粉，用来治疗伤风和流行性感冒，与水拌和服用〕
Bee. ching /`bitfin; 'bi:tfin/, Lord (1913-1985) a British busi-
nessman who, in the early 1960s, was given the job of making
the national railway system more profitable. He is remembered
for closing many small railway lines all over the UK. 比钦
〔(1913-1985)，英国商人，20世纪60年代早期被要求促使国家
铁路网赚取更多利润。在人们印象中他封闭了英国许多小的铁路
线〕
beef1 /bif; bi:f/ n 1 [U] the meat of farm cattle. ROAST beef with
YORKSHIRE PUDDING is a TRADITIONAL British Sunday LUNCH
牛肉〔烤牛肉加约克郡布丁是星期天传统的英式午餐〕：beef steak
牛排；牛肉的厚切片| roast beef烤牛肉 | a beef farmer 菜牛
饲养者 — see 参见 MEAT (USAGE) 2 [U] infml the power of
the muscles【非正式】肌肉，肌力：Come on, put some beef into
the job! 来,加把劲干活吧! 3 [C] infml a complaint【非正式】
牢骚；怨言；不满意：My main beef is that it went on too long. 
我最不满意的是这件事拖的时间太长
beef2 v [I (about)] infml often derog to complain, especially
repeatedly【非正式，常贬】〔反复地〕抱怨：Stop beefing (about
your pay) and do some work! 不要（对你的薪水）没完没了地发
牢骚了，做点儿事吧！
beef sthg. /sbdy.  up phr v [T] infml to strengthen or improve
【非正式】加强；改进：It's quite a good story but it needs beef-
ing up a bit before we can publish it. 这是个相当好的故事，但
还要充实一下我们才能发表
beef·bur. ger /`bifb3g; 'bi:fb3:ge/ n especially BrE a HAM-
BURGER【尤英】汉堡包
0132
beef. cake /`bif kek; 'bi:fkeik/ n [U] infml (photographs of
strong attractive men with large muscles【非正式】〔肌肉发达
的〕健美男子；健美男子的照片 — compare 比较 CHEESECAKE
(2)
Beef·eater /`bif,ite-; 'bi:f i:te/ n a guard at the Tower of Lon. 
don, who wears a traditional old-fashioned red uniform and
guards the CROWN JEWELS. The Beefeaters are also called the
‘YEOMEN OF THE GUARD’. 伦敦塔的卫兵〔身穿传统的红色老式
制服，看护御宝的卫兵，又称王室卫士〕
beef tea /'/n [U] a drink made from beef juice, often given
formerly to sick people〔尤指昔时给病人食用的〕牛肉汤，牛肉
汁
beef Wel-ling. ton /·. / n [U] a piece of BEEF (=meat from a
cow) covered with PATE DE FOIE GRAS and cooked in a pastry
case 威灵顿牛肉馅饼〔用涂了鹅肝酱的牛肉在烤箱中烘制作馅的
一种馅饼〕
beef. y /`bift; 'bi:fi/ adj infml (of a person) big, strong, and per
haps fat; HEFTY【非正式】〔人〕大块头的，强壮的，肥实的
Bee Gees, the /`bi d3iz; 'bi: d3i:z/ a British popular music
group of three brothers, who were very successful during the
1960s and 1970s. They are best known for writing and per-
forming the music for the film SATURDAY NIGHT FEVER, and
for the fact that they can sing very high notes. “比吉”乐队 〔20
世纪60、70年代极其成功的英国流行音乐三兄弟组合，以自己创
作并演奏演唱电影《周末的狂热》的插曲及高亢的嗓音最为出名)
bee·hive /`bi,haiv; 'bi:haiv/ n 1 a HIVE'(1)蜂窝；蜂箱 2 a
women's HAIRSTYLE in which the hair is piled high on the head
〔女子的〕蜂窝式发型：She wore her hair in a beehive. 她把头
发盘成了蜂窝型
bee-line /`bi`lain; 'bi:lain/ n make a beeline for infml to go
quickly and directly towards【非正式】迅速直奔；径直前往：The
children ignored all the other food and made a beeline for
the cakes. 孩子们对其他食品看都不看,径直奔向蛋糕
Be. el. ze. bub /br`clzibvb; bi'elzbab/ a devil, especially Satan
魔鬼〔尤指撒旦〕
been /bin; bi:n/ 1 past participle of BE: They've been photo
graphed. 他们被人家拍下照片了。2(to have) gone and come
back from 到过，去过：Have you ever been to India? 你去过印
度吗？ 3 BrE (to have) arrived and left【英】来过：The postman
hasn't been yet. 邮差还没有来过。— see 参见 GO' (34) (USAGE)
4 been there, done that (seen the movie, bought the T-shirt)
spoken used in order to say that you are no longer interested in
doing something because you already have a lot of experience
of it【口】由于经历太多而对某事失去兴趣，厌烦：“I'd like to live
in the country. ” \"Not me. I grew up in the middle of nowhere -
been there, done that, don't ever want to go back. \" “我想搬到
乡下去住。”“我才不呢。我在穷乡僻壤长大，受够了那个地方，再
也不想回去了。” | Rosemary's been there, done that, and got
the T-shirt, so she now gives others with sports injuries her
advice. 罗斯玛丽对那一行已经厌倦了，她现在只是为受伤的运动
员提些建议。
beep /bip; bi:p/ n the sound of a car horn 〔汽车喇叭发出的)嘟嘟
 - beep y [I; T] He sat out front in his car and beeped his
horn for her to come out. 他坐在门外的汽车前座里，按喇叭叫
她出来。| All night long the traffic kept him awake -- horns
beeping, tyres squealing, car doors slamming. 整夜车来车往
使他没法入睡——喇叭声、车轮声，还有汽车的关门声吵个没完
beep. er /`bipe; 'bi:pe/ n AmE BLEEPER【美】传呼机
from MALT and made bitter with hops (HOP3) （一杯）啤酒； a pint
of beer 一品脱啤酒 | Would you like a (glass of) beer?您要不
要喝（杯）啤酒？| They brew several excellent beers in this
district. 他们在这一地区酿造出好几种味道极好的啤酒。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK, people usu
ally say 'beer'when they are talking about a brown or dark. 
brown form of the drink, such as BITTER or STOUT. People
in the US usually call this darker type of beer ALE or'dark
beer'. The clear, pale yellow, CARBONATED (=with gas
form of the drink, which is simply called 'beer'in the US
and in most other countries, is usually called LAGER in the
UK. 在英国，“beer”一词指的是一种棕色或深棕色饮料，如苦
啤酒或烈性黑啤酒，美国人则称之为麦酒或黑啤酒。在美国和
其他大多数国家里，被称为“beer”的一种浅黄色透明的气体饮
料、在英国常被叫作淡啤酒
2 [U] (in comb. 用于复合词) any of several kinds of drink
usually non-alcoholic, made from roots or plants用植物或根
茎制成的通常不含酒精的饮料：ginger beer 姜汁汽水| root beer
根汁汽水 3 I'm only here for the beer a phrase originally
used in a British advertisement for a particular kind of beer. 
now used humorously to mean 'I am not here to offer support
or because I am interested but because there is free drink. ’我
只是为喝啤酒而来的〔最初用于一则英国啤酒广告，现在幽默地用
来表示“我不是来这里帮忙的，或者不是因为我感兴趣，而是因为
有免费饮料可以喝。”)4 not all beer and skittles BrE infml
not just full of pleasure and enjoyment【英，非正式】并非只是
娱乐享受：An actor's life isn't all beer and skittles. 演员的生
活并不全是吃喝玩乐。 — see also 另见 SMALL BEER - beery
adj: unpleasant beery breath 满嘴难闻的啤酒气味 - see Fea-
ture on page B23参见B23页文化特写
beer bel. ly /'/ beer gut /'/ n infml an unattractive fat stom-
ach caused by drinking too much beer【非正式】〔由于喝啤酒过
量而造成的〕大肚子，啤酒肚
beer mat /' / n BrE a small flat circular or square object made
of card, which you put under a glass to protect the table, espe-
cially in a PUB【英】〔尤指小酒馆里的〕啤酒杯垫子
beer tent /'/ n a large tent in which beer and other alcoholic
drinks can be bought at an outdoor event 〔在户外活动时出售啤
酒及其他酒精饮料的〕啤酒棚
bees. wax /`biz,waeks; 'bi:zwaeks/ n 1 [U] a fatty substance
(WAX)made by bees, used for making furniture polish, candles
etc 蜂蜡〔用于制造家具擦光油、蜡烛等〕 2 none of your bees-
wax especially AmE infml not concerning you【尤美，非正式】
没有你的事，不关你的事
beet /bit; bi:t/ n [C; U] 1 also 又作 sugar beet - a root vege-
table from which sugar is obtained 甜菜 — see also 另见 SUGAR
2 AmE a BEETROOT【美】甜菜根 3 red as a beet AmE infml
very red in the face【美，非正式】脸极红的：He turned red as d
beet when I found the letter. 我发现那封信时，他脸涨得通红。
Beet·ho·ven /`bethoven; 'beitheuvan/, Lud·wig van /`ludvig
vaen; 'lodvig vaen/ (1770-1827) a German COMPOSER, one of
the best known and most admired ever, who continued writing
music after he lost the ability to hear at the age of 30. His
many famous works include the Fifth Symphony and the Em-
peror Concerto. 贝多芬〔(1770-1827)，德国作曲家，有史以来最
著名、最受仰慕的作曲家之一，他在30岁丧失听觉以后仍继续创
作，众多名曲中包括《第五交响曲》和《皇帝协奏曲》
bee. tle1 /`bitl; 'bi:tl/ n any of many kinds of insect with hard
wing coverings 甲虫
beetle2v [I+adv/prep] BrE slang (of people) to go quickly. 
especially as if trying not to be noticed【英俚】〔人]赶紧离去，
悄悄溜掉：I saw you beetling offlaway early last night. 昨晚我
看见你提早溜掉了。
Beetle BrE【英】‖Bug AmE infml【美，非正式】a small car made
by Volkswagen which has a high, rounded top. It was first
produced in the 1930s and has been popular ever since be-
cause of its unusual shape. In 1998 a Beetle with a completely
new design went on sale. 甲壳虫车〔大众汽车公司制造的一种
小型轿车，其车顶高而且圆。这种车最初生产于20世纪30年代，
由于造型特别，畅销至今。1998年又推出全新款式的甲壳虫车〕
Bee-ton /`bitn; 'bi:tn/. Mrs (1836-1865) a British woman who
wrote a famous book called The Book of Household Manage
ment, which was very popular during the 19th and early 20th
century. The book gives RECIPES (=instructions for cooking
particular dishes), and also gives advice about managing a
home. 比顿夫人〔(1836-1865)，英国女士，著有名作《家政管
理》，畅销于19世纪及20世纪初，书中包含菜谱及有关家政管理
的建议〕
beet·root /`bit rut; 'bi:tru:t/ BrE【英】‖ beet AmE【美】- n -root
or -roots [C; U] a plant with a large round red root, cooked
and eaten as a vegetable 甜菜根：beetroot salad 甜菜根沙拉
She turned as red as a beetroot when they laughed at her. 他
们嘲笑她时，她满脸绯红。
be. fall /bi`fol; br'fo:l/v-fell /-`fl;-'fel/,-fallen /-`folen; -'fo:len
[I; T] fml (usually of something bad) to happen to, especially
as if by fate【正式】〔常指不幸的事〕发生（于）；注定降临（到）：
Some misfortune must have befallen them. 某种灾祸必定是落
到他们的头上了。
be. fit /bi`fit; bi'fit/ v-tt-[T] fiml to be proper or suitable to【正
式】适合，适宜：He always travels first class, as befits a person
in his position. 他总是乘头等舱旅行，这样做适合他的身份。| a
sober suit befitting the occasion 适合那场合的一套庄重朴素
的服装 — ~tingly adv
*be. fore1/bi`for;bi'fo:/ prep 1 earlier than 早于；在·以前：be-
fore 1937 1937 年以前 | He got there before me. 他比我先到
了那里。| The new road will be completed before the end of
the year. 这条新道路将在年底以前筑成。| the day before yes
terday (=two days ago)前天| I usually take a bath before
having my breakfast. 我通常在吃早餐之前洗个澡。2 at an ear-
0133
lier point in an order than: ahead of 〔次序上)较··为先；在·. 之
前：Your name comes before mine in the list. 名单上你的名字
排在我的前面。3 for the consideration of 供··考虑：The pro-
posal was put before the planning committee. 该项建议被提
交计划委员会审议。4 fml or lit in front of【正式或文】在··前
面：The priest stood before the altar, 那位教士站在圣坛前面。|
The great plain stretched out before them. 广阔的平原展现在
他们面前。5 in a more important position than〔重要性)在·之
前，比··更重要：I've always put quality before quantity. 我向
来认为质量比数量重要。— see 参见 LAST'(USAGE)
*before2 adv 1 at an earlier time; already; formerly先前；从前：
以前：Haven't I seen you before? 我以前见过你吧？ | I thought
he'd take it easy after the accident, but he carries on driving
like a maniac, as before. 我原以为出了那次事故，他会变得稳
重点，可是他还是像以前那样，一开起车来就像疯子。| We had
met on the Saturday before. 我们在前一个星期六已经见过面。
(compare 比较 We met last Saturday. 我们上星期六会面了。)
— see 参见 AGO (USAGE) 2 becoming rare in advance; ahead
【渐罕】预先；（较所定时间）更早地
*before3 conj1 earlier than the time when〔时间上)在··之前
Say goodbye before you go. 你临走之前去告别一下吧。| It will
be some time before we know the full results. 还要过一些时间
我们才能知道全部结果。2 more willingly than; rather than 与
其··，（宁愿··） ； He will die before he tells them what they want
to know. 他宁愿死也不愿向他们说出他们想知道的事。 3 if not:
or else; otherwise 要不然；否则：Get out before I call the police
滚出去，要不然我就叫警察了。
be. fore. hand /bi`for haend; bi'fo:haend/ adv before something
else happens; in advance 事先，预先，事前：We knew they were
coming, so we bought some food beforehand. 我们知道他们
要来，所以预先买了一些食品。
be-friend /bi`frend; bi'frend/ v [T] fml to act as a friend to
(especially someone who is younger, or needs help)【正式】〔尤
指对较年轻者或需要帮助者〕以朋友态度对待：They befriended
me when I first arrived in London as a student. 我初到伦敦求
学时，他们如同朋友一般地照顾我
be-fud. dled /br`fad]d; br'fadald/ adj completely confused 极其
迷惑[糊涂]的：Many couples who get divorced are befuddled
by all of the legal papers they have to sign. 许多离婚夫妇被一
大堆需要签署的法律文件弄得昏头昏脑。
*beg /bag; beg/ v-gg-1 [I (for); T] to ask (especially for food
money etc) in a way which shows little pride or self-respect
求施舍：乞讨〔尤指食物、金钱等)：He lives by begging. 他以行
乞为生。| He begged (for) money (from the people in the
street). 他 （向过往行人）乞讨钱。| a begging letter 乞求信 2 [I:
T (of, for)l to ask (for) with great eagerness or anxiety 请求. 
恳求：to beg a favour (of someone)恳请 （某人）帮忙 | to beg
(for) forgiveness 恳求宽恕 | She begged and begged until I
said yes. 她一再恳求，直到我同意为止。| [+to-v] He begged
to be allowed to go. 他恳求获准离开。| [+that] He begged
that he (should) be sent home,他请求将他送回家去。
[+obj+to-v] She begged me not to tell her parents. 她求我不
要告诉她的父母。3 [T](in certain phrases) to request politely
客气地请求：I beg your pardon. (=I am sorry. )请您原谅。|
[+to-v] I beg to differ. (=I don't agree with you. )恕我未敢苟
同。4 [I](of a dog) to sit up with its front legs held against its
chest〔狗〕竖起身体用后腿站立，前腿举于胸前 5 beg the ques-
tion to take as true something that is not yet proved 以假定作
为论据进行讨论，以未经证实的观点为立论根据6BrE【英】go. 
ing begging able to be got or used; AVAILABLE可得到的；可用
的：Those cakes are going begging if anyone would like them
那些糕点随便食用，如果有谁对它们感兴趣的话。
beg off phr v [I] to excuse (oneself) from doing something
one had agreed to do 恳求免除已经承诺的责任，请求原谅：Jane
has just begged off- can you take her place in the team?简
刚刚推辞不干了
be. get /bi`gat; bi'get/v begot /bi`gat; bi'got/ or (bibl圣经)
begat /bi`gaet; bi'gaet/, begotten /bi`gatn; bi'gotn/ [T] espe
cially bibl or old use to become the father of【尤圣经或旧】成
为…之父:〔父亲)生(子): 'Abrahar begat (=bego) Isac. ' (The
Bible,Matthew 1：2)“亚伯拉罕生以撒。”(《圣经·马太福音》1：2)|
(fig. 喻) Hunger begets (=produces) crime. 饥饿招致犯罪。
beg. gar1 /`bago; 'bege/ n 1 a person who lives by begging
丐 2 infml any person, especially a man or boy【非正式】家伙
[尤指男人或男孩)：He's a cheerful little beggar!他是个快乐
的小家伙！ | So you're off to San Francisco tomorrow, you
lucky beggar!这么说，明天你要动身去圣弗朗西斯科了，你这幸
运的家伙！3 beggars can't be choosers saying people in need
must accept what they can get, without worrying about the
quality【谚】要饭的哪能挑肥捡瘦；饥不择食
beggar2ν [T] 1 fml to make very poor【正式】使贫穷：They wer
beggared by trying to pay for their childrer's education. 他
们为了要支付几个孩子的学费而陷于贫困。2 beggar(all) de-
scription BrE lit to be beyond the powers of language to de
scribe【英，文】非言语所能形容：The valley was so beautiful as
to beggar description. 这山谷的景色之优美难以用笔墨形容。
beg. gar. ly /`bgali; 'begeli/ adj much too little in amount;
MEAGRE 极少的；贫乏的：to earn a beggarly salary 挣得微薄
的薪水 - -liness n [U]
beggar-my-neigh-bour /. . ·/n [U] a card game in which
the aim is to obtain all your opponents' cards, leaving them
with none“吃光”〔一种纸牌游戏，吃光对手所有的纸牌者为胜
Beggar's Op. e. ra, The /. . / a funny OPERA by John Gay. 
first produced in 1728. It tells the story of a thief called
Macheath, who is sent to Newgate prison, where he meets a
woman called Lucy and makes his wife Polly jealous. A mod-
ern opera called the THREEPENNY OPERA, by Bertolt Brecht, is
based on this. 《乞丐的歌剧》〔由约翰·盖依创作的一部滑稽歌剧，
1728年首演。该剧讲述了一个名叫麦克希思的小偷被送往纽盖特
监狱，在那里他遇见了一位名叫露西的女子，这使他妻子波莉妒火
中烧。现代歌剧《三便士歌剧》、由贝托尔特·布莱希特据此改编而
成〕
beg. gar. v /`begeri; 'begeri/ n [U] the state of being very poor
赤贫：They were reduced to beggary by the failure of their
farm. 由于农场歉收，他们落到一贫如洗的境地
begging bowl /'·/ n BrE a polite request for money, made
especially by an organization or country that does not have
enough money for the basic things it needs【英】〔尤指组织机构
或国家为购买必需品而发出的)捐款号召：Some schools are now
going to parents with a begging bowl to raise money for new
books. 目前一些学校正在向学生家长发出捐款号召，以筹集购买
新书的款项
*be. gin /bi`gin; bi'gin/ v began /bi`gaen; bi'gaen/, begun /bi`gvn
bi'gvn/ [I; T] 1 to do or be the first part of (a process or activity);
make a start (on)开始；着手：I'll begin whenever you're ready
你什么时候准备好我就开始。| Work on the new bridge will
begin next month. 修筑新桥的工作将于下月开始。| She curled
up in bed and began her book. 她蜷卧在床上，开始读书。| The
book began with the death of a reporter. 该书以一名记者之死
开头。 We'll begin by dancing/with a storylat the beginning
我们将以跳舞开始；我们将以讲故事开始；我们将从头开始。
[+to-v] It began to rain. 开始下起雨来了。| Even his greatest
admirers are beginning to wonder if he is too old for the iob
甚至他最热诚的仰慕者，也开始怀疑他是否太年迈而难以胜任此
职。| Icouldn't (even) begin to explain. (=It's quite impos
sible to explain. )我 （甚至）无法开口解释。| [+v-ing] She be-
gan learning English five years ago. 5年前她开始学英语。|
We can't possibly go-to begin with (=the first reason is)
it's too cold, and besides, we have no money. 我们是去不成
了——首先,天气太冷:此外,我们没有钱。— see 参见 START
(USAGE) 2 to (cause to) come into existence （使）开始存在：
The war began in 1939. 战争始于 1939年。| She began a
club for bird-watchers. 她创立了一个观鸟者的俱乐部
Be. gin /`begin; 'beigin/, Me. na. chem /me`nakim; me'na:km/
(1913-1992) an Israeli politician and PRIME MINISTER from
1977 to 1983. In 1979 he signed a peace TREATY with President
Sadat of Egypt which was known as the CAMP DAVID agreement
贝京〔(1913-1992)，以色列政治家，1977年至1983年期间任以色
列总理。1979年与埃及总统萨达特签署和平条约，即戴维营协议)
be. gin. ner /bi`gine; bi'gine/ n a person who is just beginning
to do or learn something 生手；初学者：I scored three goals
the first time I played, but they put it down to beginner's
luck. (=unusual success at the start which is not expected to
last)初次上场我就进了三个球，但是他们却把这全归因于新手的
好运。 — compare 比较 STARTER
*be. gin. ning /br`ginin; bi'ginin/ n [C; U] 1 the point at which
something begins; start; origin 开始；起点；起源：at the begin-
ning of the month （在）月初 | She knows the subjectfrom
beginning to end. (=completely)她从头到尾了解这个题目。—
see 参见 PREFACE (USAGE) 2In the beginning was the Word
the first words of St John's Gospel in the Bible 太初有道〔《圣
经·约翰福音》开头的一句话〕3 the beginning of the end the
point at which something good starts to come to an end or be
less good 预示好事结束的先兆
be. gone /br`gon; bi'gon/ v [I usually imperative 一般用于祈使
句] poet to go away at once【诗】立即走开：Begone with you!
你快快离去吧！
be. go. ni. a /bi`gonie; b'geunie/ n a type of tropical plant with
bright yellow, pink, red, or white flowers 秋海棠
be. got /bigat; bi'got/ past tense of BEGET
0134
be·got·ten /bi`gatn; bi'gptn/ past participle of BEGET
be·grudge /bi`grvd3; bi'grvd3/ also 又作 grudge - ν [T] to
give or allow (something) unwillingly, especially because it is
unwanted or undeserved 吝啬；舍不得给；不愿；嫉妒：She be-
grudged every minute taken from her work. 她吝啬从她工作
中占去的每一分钟时间。|[+v-ing] I begrudge spending so
much money on train fares. 我舍不得把这么多钱花在火车票
上。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)] We shouldn't begrudge him his success
我们不该嫉妒他的成功。
be·guile /bi`gail; bi'gail/ v[T] 1 to charm or attract 迷住：诱惑
a beguiling smile 迷人的微笑 2 [(AWAY, by, with)] BrE to
cause (time) to pass especially in a pleasant way【英】消磨〔时
间)：消遣：We beguiled (away) the time by telling jokes/with
a bottle of wine and some good music. 我们讲笑话[以一瓶酒
和优美的音乐]消闲作乐。3[(into)] to deceive; cheat 欺骗；哄
骗：I was beguiled by his flattery into trusting him. 我被他的
恭维话所骗而信任了他。一~ment n[U]
be·gum /`bigem; 'beigem/ n (often cap. 常用大写) (in India and
Pakistan) a Muslim lady of high rank; often used as a title of
respect for any married woman〔印度和巴基斯坦的〕穆斯林贵
妇；夫人，太太〔常用作对已婚女子表示尊敬的称呼〕
be·gun /bi`gan; bi'gan/ past participle of BEGIN
be·half /bi`haef; bi'ho:f/n on behalf of also 又作 in behalf of
AmE【美】- for, in the interests of, or as the representative of
(someone else) 为了··的利益：代表：On behalf of everyone here
I'd like to thank our special guest for his entertaining speech. 
我代表在座诸位，感谢我们的特邀嘉宾令人愉快的讲话。| The
President can't be here today. so I'm going to speak on his
behalf. 今天总裁不能来此，所以我将代表他发言。
Be. han /`bien; 'bi:en/, Bren. dan /`brenden; 'brenden/(1923-
1964)an Irish writer who describes his experience of being in
prison because of IRA activities, in his play The Ouare Fellow
and in his novel Borstal Boy贝汉〔(1923-1964)，爱尔兰作家，
在剧本《怪人》以及小说《管教所的少年》中描述了自己因参加爱尔
兰共和军活动而身陷牢狱的经历
*be. have /br`hev; bi'heiv/ v 1 [I+adv/prep] to act in a particular
way 举动；表现：She's been behaving rather oddly. 她一直表
现得颇为古怪。| Ouantum mechanics is the branch of phys-
ics which studies the way atoms behave. 量子力学是研究原子
运动方式的物理学分支。| My car has been behaving well since
it was repaired. 我的汽车自修理后一直运行正常。2 [I; T] to
act in a socially acceptable or polite way(使)举止规矩有礼：
Behave (yourself)! 规矩点！ | a well-behaved/badly-behaved
child 守规矩[不守规矩]的孩子
*be·hav·jour BrE【英】‖-ior AmE【美】/br`hevia; bi'heivie/ n
[U] 1 way of behaving 举止，行为 2 be on your best behaviour
to be very polite; show your best manners 举止有礼；行为检点
~al adj; behavioural science 行为科学 — ~ally adv
be·hav·iour·is·m BrE【英】|-ior-AmE【美】/bi`hevjaizem;bI
'herviorizam/ n [U] tech the idea that the scientific study of the
mind should be based only on outward behaviour and physical
states, not on people's reports of their thoughts and feelings
【术语】行为主义〔认为科学的心理研究只应该以研究对象本身表
现出的行为和身体状态为依据，而不应该以人们对自身的思想和情
感所作的陈述为依据〕- -ist n
be-head /br`hed; br'hed/ v [T] to cut off the head of, especially
as a punishment; DECAPITATE 将··斩首，杀··的头〔尤指作为刑
罚〕
Be. he. moth /br`hima0; b'hi:mp0/ an extremely large, MYTHICAL
creature mentioned in the Bible, whose name is now used to de
scribe something very big 比希莫特〔《圣经》中所提到的巨兽，现
用来描述庞然大物)；five warships, including two 64,000-ton
behemoths 5艘战舰，包括2艘64,000吨的巨型舰船 — see also
另见LEVIATHAN
be. hest /bi`hest; bi'hest/ n [S] fml an urgent request or command
【正式】紧急的要求：命令； at the behest of his mother 在他母亲
的要求下
'be-hind1/bi`haind; bi'haind/ prep 1 at or towards the back of
在[向]··后面：She ran out from behind a tree. 她从树后跑了出
来。| (fig. 喻) I wonder what's behind (=what is the real rea-
son for) his sudden change of plan. 我不知道他突然改变计划
的真正原因是什么。|(fig. 喻) Now you can put all these wor-
ries behind you. (=forget them)现在你可以将这些烦恼全部撇
在脑后了。 — opposite 反义词 in front of (FRONT1) 2 lower
than, in position or quality; below 落后于；劣于；低于：We're
three points behind the team in first place. 我们以三分之差落
后于第一名的球队。| He's always behind the rest of his class
in mathematics,他的数学成绩总是不如班里其他同学。| The
trains are running behind schedule. (=later than the proper
time)那几班列车已晚点了。 — opposite 反义词 ahead of
(AHEAD) 3 in support of; encouraging 支持··；作·后盾：We're
(right) behind you all the way! 我们自始至终支持你！ - see
also 另见 behind someone's back(BACK1(10), behind the
scenes (SCENE), behind the times (TIME1), behind closed door:
(DOOR)
*behind2 ady 1 at or towards the back 在后面；向后：a house
with a garden behind 一座后面带有花园的房子 | The motor
cyclists came first, with the President's car following close
behind. 摩托车队先行开路，总统专车紧随在后。- compare 比
较 in front (FRONT1)2 in the place where something or some-
one was before 留在后面：I can't unlock the car because I've
left the keys behind. 我忘了带钥匙，打不开汽车的门。| They
went for a walk but I stayed behind to look after the baby. 他
们去散步，我却留下照看婴儿。3 [(with,in)] late;slow;
BEHINDHAND 迟；慢；落后：I'm a month behind with the rent
(=I should have paid it a month ago)我的房租已拖欠了一个
月。
behind3n euph slang the part of the body that a person sits on:
BUTTOCKS【婉，俚】臀部，屁股：I gave him a kick in the behind. 
我朝他屁股踢了一脚。
be. hind-hand /bi`haind haend; bi'haindhaend/ adv [(with, in)]
rather fml late or slow in doing something, paying something
etc【较正式】迟；慢；过期；拖欠：We're a month behindhand with
the rent. 我们的房租已拖欠了一个月
be·hold /bi`hold; bi'heuld/v beheld /bi`hald; bi'held/ [T] espe-
cially lit or old use to see; look at【尤文或旧】见到,看,注视
They beheld the great city of Babylon. 他们看见了雄伟的巴比
伦城。 — see also 另见 LO AND BEHOLD — ~er n
be·hold·en /bi`holdn; bi'heuldan/ adj [F (to)] having to feel
grateful or having a duty (to)(对··)感激的；（对··）负有义务的：
I like to do things for myself and not feel beholden to anyone
else. 我喜欢自己做自己的事，而无须感到欠了别人的人情。
be·hove /bi`hov; bi'heuy/ also 又作 be·hoove /bi`huy; br'hu:y/
AmE【美】-—ν it behooves one to it is right and necessary to
对··是应当（做） 的， ··是责无旁贷：It would behoove you to
work harder if you want to succeed here. 你若要在这里取得成
功，就应该更努力工作。
Bei·der·becke /`baida-bk; 'baidebek/, Bix /biks; biks/(1903-
1931)an American JAZZ musician who played the piano and
CORNET and was one of the few white musicians to influence
the early development of jazz 贝德贝克〔(1903-1931)，美国爵
士音乐家，演奏钢琴和短号，是影响早期爵士乐发展的少数白人音
乐家之一〕
beige /be3; ber3/ adj pale dull yellowish brown 米黄色的；淡棕
色的 - beige n[U]
Bei·jing /be`d3in; bei'd3in/ the capital city of the People's
Republic of China. In English, it was formerly called Peking,
and this name is stil sometimes used. 北京〔中华人民共和国首
都，英语中旧称Peking,这个名称有时仍在使用〕 — see also另
见FORBIDDEN CITY
be·ing1/`biin; 'bi:in/ n 1 [U] the state of existing 生存，存在：
When did the universe first come into being?宇宙是何时开始
形成的？ | This rule was brought into being because the old
law was obsolete. 旧的法律已完全过时，因此制定了这项条例。
2 [C] a living thing, especially a person 生物〔尤指人)：a hu-
man being 一个人 | strange beings from outer space 来自外
层空间的奇怪生物 | the Supreme Being (=God) 至高无上的上帝
sentient being (=a being with a mind)有感知的生物 3 [U]
the central qualities or nature of a thing, especially a living
thing 〔尤指生物的〕本质；本性：The news shook me to the very
roots of my being. 那个消息震撼了我的整个身心。
being2 present participle of BE: They're being photographed. 
有人正在给他们拍照。| All being well (=if everything goes
well), we should arrive by tomorrow. 如果一切顺利，我们明天
就该到了。 — see also 另见 for the time being (TIME1(28)
Bei·rut /be`rut: bei'ru:t/ the capital and largest city of Lebanon
It was badly damaged during the CIVIL WAR of the 1970s and
1980s贝鲁特〔黎巴嫩首都和最大的城市，20世纪70、80年代的
内战期间遭受严重破坏
be·jew·elled BrE【英】‖bejeweled AmE【美】/bi`d3ueld:
bi'd3u:eld/-adj lit wearing jewels or decorated with jewels
【文】戴珠宝的；饰以珠宝的
Be-kaa Val-ley /bi ka `vaelr; bi,ka: 'vaeli/ a long valley in Leba-
non and Syria, which has been fought for in many wars贝卡谷
〔黎巴嫩和叙利亚之间的一条谷地，是多次战争争夺之地〕
be·la·bour BrE【英】‖ -bor AmE【美】/bi`leba; bi'leibe/ - v
[T (with)] old use to beat severely【旧】痛打，猛击
Bel. a. rus /，bjele`rus;,bele'ru:s/ a country in E Europe, sur-
rounded by Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, and Poland. It
used to be part of the Soviet Union. Population: 10,100,000
0135
(1995). Capital:Minsk. 白俄罗斯〔欧洲东部的一个国家，与拉脱
维亚、立陶宛、俄罗斯、乌克兰及波兰诸国接壤，以前是苏联的一部
分。人口：10,100,000(1995)，首都：明斯克)- Belarusian ad
be. lat·ed /br'letid: bi'leitd/ adj delayed; happening or arriving
(too) late 延误的；来得（太）迟的：a belated apology/birthday
card 为时已晚的道歉[生日贺卡] — ~ly adv: The letter arrived
belatedly, when the wedding was over. 那封信来得太迟了，那
时婚礼已经举行完了
be. lay /bi`le; bi'lei/ y [I; T] tech (on ships) to fix (a rope) by
winding under and over in the shape of the figure 8 onto a
special hook(a belaying pin)【术语】〔在船上〕将〔绳〕以8字形
系绕于特制的钩[索栓]上
belch /beltf; beltf/ v 1 [I] (of a person) to pass gas noisily from
the stomach through the mouth 〔人〕打嗝 2 [T (OUT)] to throw
out with force or in large quantities 猛烈喷出，大量冒出：fac
tory chimneys belching (out) smoke 冒出浓烟的工厂烟囱 -
belch n; He gave a loud belch. 他打了个响嗝。
be·lea·guer /bi`lige; bi'li:ge/ v [T usually pass. 一般用被动语
态] fml【正式】1 to surround with an army so as to prevent
scape; BESIEGE 围困；围攻：a beleaguered city 受到围困的城
市 2 to worry and annoy continuously; HARASS 不断地烦扰，缠
住：beleaguered parents 饱受烦扰的父母
Bel-fast /balfaest; bel'fa:st/ the capital city of Northern Ire
land. Belfast is often mentioned in the news because of the
fighting there between illegal military groups who claim to
represent the Catholics and the Protestants. 贝尔法斯特〔北爱
小
兰首府，因声称代表天主教徒和新教徒的非法军事团体争斗不断
而频上新闻)- see colour map on page A1参见A1页彩色地
图
bel-fry /'balfri; 'belfri/ n a tower for a bell, especially on a church
〔尤指教堂的〕钟塔，钟楼 — see also 另见 be/have bats in the
belfry(BAT3(2)
Bel-gian /`bald3en: 'beld3an/ n someone who comes from Bel-
gium - Belgian adj: the Belgian football team 比利时足球队
Bel-gium /'bald3iem; 'beld3am/ a country in NW Europe be. 
tween France and Germany. Population: 10,100,000 (1995)
Capital:Brussels. 比利时〔欧洲西北部的一个国家，位于法国和
德国之间。人口：10,100,000(1995)，首都：布鲁塞尔〕
Bel-grade /bel`gred; bel'greid/ the capital city of Yugoslavia
on the river Danube 贝尔格莱德〔南斯拉夫首都，位于多瑙河畔〕
Bel-gra·no Af-fair, the /bel`grano fee: bel'gra:neu e fee/ a
political argument that followed the British government's or-
der to sink a ship called the General Belgrano, belonging to
Argentina's navy, during the FALKLANDS WAR. The ship was
sailing away from the Falkland Islands, not towards them, at
the time when it was sunk, and some people criticized the Brit-
ish government's action. 贝尔格拉诺事件〔福克兰群岛战争期间、
因英国政府下令击沉阿根廷海军舰艇“贝尔格拉诺将军号”而引起
的一场政治争端。当时该船是驶离而不是驶向福克兰群岛，因此有
人批评英国政府这一做法〕
Bel-gra. vi. a /bel`grevie; bel'greivie/ a part of west central Lon-
don where there are many expensive houses and shops, and
many foreign embassies(EMBASSY)贝尔格莱维亚〔伦敦中西部
一区，那里有许多豪宅、高级店铺以及大使馆〕
be·lie /br`lai; bi'lai/ v [T] fm/【正式】1 to give a false idea of 使
对·产生错觉，使人对··误解；掩饰：Her smile belied her true
feelings of displeasure. 她的微笑掩饰了她内心不快的真实感情。
2 to show(hopes, promises etc) to be false or mistaken显示
希望、诺言等〕不真实：The poor sales of the product belied
our high hopes for it. 产品销路不佳证明我们当初对它期望过
高。
*be-lief /br'lif; b'li:f/ n 1 [S; U (in)] the feeling that something
is true or that something really exists 信心；信念；相信：(a) be-
lief in God 笃信上帝 | [+that] It's my belief that (=I believe
that) her death was not an accident. 我相信她的死亡并非意外
事故所致。| She started taking money from her employer, in
the mistaken belief that she would not be discovered. 她误以
为自己不会被发觉，开始偷起雇主的钱来。|His story is beyond
belief. (=too strange to be believed)他说的事令人难以置信。
 — compare 比较 DISBELIEF, UNBELIEF 2 [S; U (in)] a feeling
that someone or something is good or can be depended on;
trust or confidence 信任，信赖：The failure of the operation
has shaken my belief (=weakened my trust) in doctors. 手术
的失败动摇了我对医生的信心。3 [C] an idea which is consid-
ered true, often one which is part of a system of ideas 信仰；信
条：religious/political beliefs 宗教[政治]信仰 — see also 另见
to the best of your belief (BEST3(10)
be. lie·va. ble /bi`livebl; b'li:vebal/ adj that can be believed可
信的 — see also 另见 UNBELIEVABLE - -bly adv
式] 1 [T] to consider to be true, honest, or real 相信：You can't
believe anything she says. 你不能相信她说的任何事情。| The
police didn't believe him/his account of the accident. 警方不
相信他（的话）[他对事故的陈述]。| I asked my boss for a
month's holiday and, believe it or not, she agreed! 我向老板
请一个月的假，信不信由你，她居然同意了！|“He says he's
given up smoking. ” \"Don't you believe it - I saw him hav-
ing a cigarette only ten minutes ago!”“他说他已戒烟了。”“别
信他的话——我10分钟前还看见他在抽烟呢！”| [+(that)] It's
hard to believe that she's only 25. 很难相信她才25岁。| I
can't believe (=I'm extremely surprised) he's getting mar
ried after all these years. 我简直无法相信，经过这么多年，他
现在竟然要结婚了。| He said I needed a face-lift -- would/
can you believe it! (=expresses surprise or shock)他说我需要
做去掉脸部皱纹的整容术—这话你能信吗？| He tore up the
contract and stormed out - I could hardly believe my eyes!
(=I was extremely surprised)他撕掉合同，气冲冲地走了出去
我简直不能相信自己的眼睛！ — see 参见 CAN (USAGE),DIS-
BELIEVE (USAGE), and see also 并见 make believe (MAKE')2
[T] to hold as an opinion; think; suppose 认为；想：[+(that)] /
believe they're getting married. 我看他们就要结婚了。|“Has
he arrived yet?” “I believe so. ”“他到了吗？”“我想是到了。”|
According to the poll, 65% of the public believe the Presi
dent's economic policies are right. 根据民意调查， 65%的人
认为总统的经济政策是正确的。|[+obi+to-y] The banks are
widely believed to be planning a cut in interest rates. 人们普
遍认为银行正在计划降低利率。| The jury believed her to be
innocent. 陪审团认为她是无辜的。3 [I] to have a firm religious
faith 笃信宗教
believe in sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to think that (something)
exists 相信；相信··的存在：Do you believe in fairies/magic. 
你相信有神仙[魔法]吗？2 to have faith or trust in 信仰；信任
Christians believe in Jesus. 基督徒信仰耶稣。| I don't be-
lieve in astrology. 我不信占星术。3 to have confidence in the
value of 确信·的价值； I don't believe in all these so-called
health foods. 我不相信这些所谓保健食品有什么价值。|[+v-ing]
He believes in taking plenty of exercise. 他相信多锻炼身体有
益处。
be. liev. er /bi'live; b'li:ve/ n 1 a person who has faith, espe-
cially religious faith有（宗教）信仰者；信徒 — opposite反义词
unbeliever 2 [+in] a person who believes in (something or
perhaps someone)相信··的人：I'm a great believer in fresh
air as a cure for illness. 我深信新鲜空气能治病
Be. li. sha bea. con /be`life biken:
be, li: fe 'bi:ken/ n in the UK, a flash-
Belisha beacon
ing orange light on a pole at a ZEBRA
行人过道指示灯
CROSSING(=place where people can
walk across a busy street)(英国的)
行人过道指示灯〔装于灯柱上，用以标
明人行横道线的橘黄色闪光灯〕
be. lit. tle /bi`litl; bi'litl/ v [T] fml to
cause to seem small or unimportant
DISPARAGE【正式】轻视，贬抑：Don't
belittle yourself/your efforts. 不要
小看你自己[自己的努力]。
Be. lize /b8`liz; be'li:z/ a country in
Central America on the Caribbean
Sea, which was a British COLONY
until it became independent in 1981. 
Population:230,000(1993). Capital: Belmopan. 伯利兹〔中美
洲国家，濒临加勒比海，1981年独立以前为英国殖民地。人口：
230,000(1993),首都：贝尔莫潘〕
*bell /bal; bel/ n 1 a round hollow metal object, usually open-
ended which makes a ringing sound when struck, or an electri-
cal instrument which makes a similar sound钟；铃：电铃； church
bells 教堂的钟 | a bicycle bell 自行车铃 | a doorbell 门铃
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Many of the larger and
older Christian churches in both the US and the UK have
large bells, which are traditionally rung on Sundays to tell
people that a church service will begin soon. Some churches
also ring their bells at weddings or when someone from
the church has died,英美两国许多大而古老的基督教教堂里
都有大钟，按惯例每逢星期天敲响，宣布礼拜仪式即将开始。
有些教堂也在人们举行婚礼或教区中有人去世时鸣钟
2 [usually sing. 一般用单数] the sound of a bell, especially as
a signal or warning 〔尤指用作信号或警告的〕 钟声；铃声：the din-
ner bell 招呼吃晚餐的铃声 3 something shaped like a bell. 
hollow and widening towards the end 钟状物：the bell of a
0136
flowerlof a musical instrument 钟状的花萼；乐器的钟形部位
4 Ask not for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee quote a
slightly changed phrase from a work by John Donne, used when
saying that every person should feel involved in the misfor-
tunes of others【引】不要问丧钟为谁而鸣,丧钟为你而鸣〔约翰
多恩作品中稍作修改的一句话，表示每个人都应当设身处地去感受
别人的不幸)5 give someone a bell BrE infml to telephone
someone【英，非正式】给某人打个电话 — see also 另见 DIVING
BELL, ring a bell (RING3), as sound as a bell (SOUND3) 6 saved
by the bell spoken said when you realize that you will not
have to do something difficult, because there will not be time
or somethins unexpectec has happened【口】(因时间不够或突
发事件而)不必做费力的事，得以幸免：We'll have to postpone
the last item on the agenda - saved by the bell, Jim. 我们得
推迟议程的最后一项——绝处逢生啊，吉姆。|“I haven't brought
my diary, so we'll set the whole thing up later. \" \"Saved by
the bell. ”“我没带工作日志，因此一切稍后再作安排。”“侥幸，侥
幸。”
Bell, Al. ex. an. der Gra. ham /elig`zaenda`greem; aelig. 
za:nde'greiem/(1847-1922) a Scottish scientist and inven-
tor who lived in the US, best known for inventing the tele-
phone in 1876. He also started the Bell Telephone Company
贝尔〔(1847-1922)，侨居美国的苏格兰科学家、发明家，以1876
年发明电话最为出名。他还创立了贝尔电话公司〕
Bel. la /`bale; 'bele/ a British weekly magazine for women, which
gives advice about fashion, health, cooking etc《贝拉》〔英国的
份女性周刊，发表有关时装、保健、烹饪方面的建议〕
bel. la. don. na /，ble`dane;,bele'done/ n [U] 1 DEADLY NIGHT
SHADE 颠茄 2 a drug, used in medicine, obtained from this
plant 颠茄剂
Bel. la. my /`belemi; 'belemi/, David (1933- ) a British scien-
tist who often appears on television. He has a big BEARD and a
cheerful and excited manner, and is known for his knowledge
of plants and his work to protect the environment. 贝拉米
(1933-),英国科学家，常出现在电视上。他蓄着大胡子，性格
开朗，表情兴奋，以他对植物的了解以及对环境保护所做的工作而
闻名〕
bell-bot. toms /'·/n [P] trousers with legs that become wider
at the bottom. Bell-bottoms were very fashionable in the 1960s
but are not considered fashionable now,喇叭裤〔20世纪60年
代非常流行，现在已不再被视为时髦了〕— see 参见 PAIR
(USAGE)
bell-boy /`bal,bor; 'belboi/ also 又作 bell·hop AmE【美】-- n a
messenger or PORTER in a hotel or club〔旅馆或俱乐部的〕信差
做杂役的男侍者
belle /bal; bel/ n a popular and attractive girl or woman 美女，美
人，佳丽：the belle of the ball(=the prettiest girl at the dance)
舞会之花，舞会上最美的女子
Belle Dame Sans Mer. ci. La /，bal,dam san mer`si; bel da:m
sa:n mee'si:/ a famous poem by John KEATS in which a KNIGHT
meets a beautiful magical woman who says she loves him but
then disappears《无情的美人》〔约翰·济慈的一首著名诗作，讲述
一位骑士爱上了一位美丽迷人的女子，她说爱他但却消失不见了〕
belles-let. tres /，bal `latre;,bel 'letre/ n [U] Fr literature that is
of value for its beauty rather than for its practical importance
【法】美文学：纯文学〔指强调其文学之美而不注重其实用意义的文
学〕
bell-hop /belhap; 'belhop/ n AmE someone, especially a young
man, whose job is to carry bags in a hotel or take messages to
people staying there; BELLBOY【美】〔尤指年轻的旅馆〕信差；做
杂役的男侍者
bel-li-cose /bale,kos; 'belikeus/ adj fml warlike; ready to quarrel
or fight【正式】好战的；好争吵的；好斗的 - -cosity /bale`kasetr;
beli'kosti/n [U]
bel. lig. er. ent1 /be`lid3erent; b'lid3erent/ adj1 angry and ready
to fight; AGGRESSIVE 怒气冲冲的，好斗的；好寻衅的：a bellig-
erent personlattitude 好寻衅的人；好斗的态度- compare比
较 PUGNACIOUS 2 [A] tech (especially of a country) at war【术
语】〔尤指国家〕交战中的 - -ency,-ence n [U]
belligerent2n tech a person or country that is at war【术语】交
战国；交战者
Bel. li. ni /b`lini; be'li:ni/, Ja. co. po /jakepo; 'jaekepeu/ (？1400
?1470)a painter from Venice. He trained his sons Gentile
Bellini(?1429-1507) and Giovanni Bellini (？1430-1516)， who
were also painters. 贝利尼〔(？1400-？1470)，威尼斯画家，他的
两个儿子秦梯利·贝利尼(？1429-1507)和乔凡尼·贝利尼(？1430
1516)也都是画家，受过他的训练)
bell jar /'/ n a large bottle made of thick glass, used to protect
something inside it, or in scientific EXPERIMENTS〔起保护作用
的〕钟形玻璃罩；〔科学实验使用的〕钟形玻璃容器
Bell La. bor. a. to. ries /'. . / Bell Labs /'/ a group of labor-
atories (LABORATORY) in the US where scientists have made
many important discoveries and developments in science and
TECHNOLOGY. Scientists who work for Bell Laboratories are
generally considered to be very successful and impressive. 贝
尔实验室〔美国科学家在科技上取得重大发现和进步的一组实验
室，那里的科学家通常被认为是大有成就、令人钦佩的〕
bel. low /balo; 'beleu/ v 1 [I] to make the loud deep hollow
sound typical of a BULL （公牛般地〕吼叫 2 [I (with); T (OUT)]
to shout (something) in a deep voice 以低沉声音叫喊，咆哮：to
bellow with pain 疼得嗷嗷叫| to bellow out orders 大声发令
- bellow n
Bellow. Saul /sol; so:l/ (1915-)a US writer, born in Canada. 
who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1976. His novels
include Humbolt's Gift and Herzog. 贝洛〔(1915- )，美国作
家，出生于加拿大，1976年获诺贝尔文学奖，他的小说包括《洪堡
的礼物》和《赫尔索格》〕
bel. lows /`baloz; 'beleuz/ n bellows [C+sing. /pl. v] an instru-
ment used for supplying a stream of air (e. g. to make a fire
burn more quickly or to make an organ produce sound)〔送风
催火或使风琴发声的〕风箱 — see 参见 PAIR (USAGE)
bell pep. per /'·/ n AmE for【美】=PEPPER1(2)
bell-ring. ing /'/ n [U] the activity of ringing church bells. 
especially as a member of a team that does this 教堂鸣钟 -
bellringer n
Bell's /belz; belz/ trademark a type of popular Scottish WHISKY
【商标】“贝尔斯”牌威士忌酒〔一种畅销的苏格兰威士忌酒〕：
bought a bottle of Bell's. 我买了一瓶“贝尔斯”牌威士忌酒。
bel. ly' /`bali; 'beli/ n 1 infml【非正式】a the part of a person's or
animal's body, between the chest and the legs, which contains
the stomach, INTESTINEs etc; ABDOMEN 肚子，腹部 b the stom
ach 胃：a full belly 吃得饱饱的肚子 2 a surface or object curved
or round like this part of the body 腹状表面；腹状物体：the belly
of the planelof a violin 飞机的机腹；小提琴的腹板 3 -bellied
/-balid;-belid/ having a belly of the stated type 有·肚子的
pot-bellied大肚皮的
belly2v
belly out phr v [I; T (=belly sthg. out)] to (cause to) swell
or become full(使)鼓起，（使）胀起：The wind bellied out the
sail. 风把船帆张满。| The sail bellied out in the wind. 船帆迎
风鼓起。
bel. ly. ache1/`bali ek; 'beli-eik/ n 1 [C; U] an ache in the belly
肚子痛，腹痛2[C] slang, often derog a complaint, especially
about something unimportant【俚，常贬】〔尤指对琐事的〕抱怨
I'm sick of listening to your bellyaches. 我听够了你的牢骚话
了。
bellyache2v [I (about)] slang, often derog to complain repeatedly. 
especially about something unimportant【俚，常贬】〔尤指对琐
事〕没完没了地发牢骚：Stop bellyaching and get on with the
job!不要发牢骚了，继续干活吧！
belly but. ton /'. . / n infml a small mark or sunken place in
the middle of the stomach; NAVEL【非正式】肚脐
belly dance /'. /n a dance of Eastern origin, performed by a
woman using movements of the belly and HIPS 肚皮舞〔一种源
于东方，由女性运用腹部及臀部动作表演的舞蹈〕 — ~dancer n
belly flop /'/n infml a DIVE (=an act of jumping head first
into water), in which the front of the body falls flat against the
water【非正式】俯跳入水时腹部平拍水面的跳水动作
bel-ly. ful /`bel ful; 'belifol/ n [S (of)] infml an amount that is
more than one can bear【非正式】超出人承受能力之量；过量：I've
had a bellyful of your complaints. 我已经听够了你的牢骚。
belly-land-ing /'. / n infml an act of landing a plane without
use of the landing equipment【非正式】〔飞机不用起落装置〕以
机腹着陆
belly laugh /'. /n infml a deep full laugh, as if coming from
the belly【非正式】开怀大笑
Bel-mont Stakes, the /，balmant `steks; belmont 'steiks/ a
famous race for three-year-old horses that is held every year in
New York on the first Saturday of June 贝尔蒙特大奖赛〔由三
岁的马匹参加的一项著名马赛，每年六月的第一个星期六在纽约举
行〕
*be. long /be`lon; bi'lon/ v [I+adv/prep] to be in the right place
or situation 处在（适当位置），该在：That chair belongs in the
other room, 那把椅子应该摆在那个房间里。| I don't really feel
I belong here. 我觉得我并不适于呆在这个地方。|“Does this
book belong here?” \"No, it belongs with the dictionaries on
the top shelf. ”“这本书是摆在这儿的吗？”“不，它应该和书架顶
层的那些辞典放在一起。”| Put it back where it belongs. 把它
放回到应放的地方。
belong to sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] 1 to be
0137
the property of 属于：That dictionary belongs to me. 那本辞典
是我的。| (fig. 喻) The credit for this success belongs to the
President. 这次成功归功于总统。 2 to be a memb of, or be
connected with 是··的一员；与··有关联：What party do you
belong to?你是哪个党的党员？
be. long. ings /be`loninz; bi'loninz/ n [P] those things which
belong to one, which are one's property 所有物；财产，财物：
She lost all her belongings in the fire. 她在火灾中失去了全部
财产
Bel. o. rus. sia /，belo`rafe;,beleu'rvfe/ the former name of
BELARUS 白俄罗斯〔Belarus的旧称〕
be. lov. ed /brlavid; bi'lavd/ n, adj (a person who is) dearly
loved 所深爱的 （人） ：beloved by/of her friends 深受她的朋友
爱戴的 | His beloved wife died. 他的爱妻去世了。| (usually
humor 一般幽) It was a gift from my beloved. (=from my wife. 
husband etc)这是一件我心爱的人给我的礼物。— see 参见 LOVE
(USAGE); see also 另见 dearly beloved (DEARLY (3)
*be. low1/be`lo; bi'leu/ ady 1 in a lower place, on a lower level. 
or at a lower position 在较低处；在较低级别；在较低地位：I live
on the fifth floor; she lives on the floor below. 我住在6楼；她
住在我下面那一层。| We looked down from the mountain to
te valley belov. 我们从山上俯瞰下面的山谷。| officer of the
rank of captain and below 上尉及上尉以下的军官 | children
of seven and below (=younger) 7岁及小于7岁的儿童 -- op-
posite 反义词 above — compare 比较 BENEATH', UNDERNEATH
2 under the surface 在某平面之下，底下：The captain told the
sailors to go below. (=to a lower DECK of the ship)船长叫水手
下到舱里去。3 on a later page or lower on the same page 在下
面一页；在（本页）下文：See p. 85 below. 见以下第85页。|The
information below was compiled by our correspondent. 以下
资料是我们的记者收集整理的。— opposite 反义词 above 4 lit
on Earth rather than in heaven【文】在世上，在人间：‘My words
fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts
never to heaven go. ' (Shakespeare, Hamlet)“我的言语高高飞
起，我的思想滞留在地：没有思想的言语永远不会上升天界。”（莎
士比亚《哈姆雷特》)5 infml (of a temperature) lower than zero
【非正式】〔温度〕低于零度，在零下：temperatures of 20 °below
气温零下20度
*below2prep in a lower place than or on a lower level than在·. 
的下面；低于：a skirt that reaches to below the knee 长及膝盖
以下的裙子 | a mile below the village 从村庄再往下走1英里
just below the surface of the water 刚好在水面以下 | chil-
dren below the age of seven (=vounger than seven)不到7岁
的儿童 | A captain is below a general. (=lower in rank)上尉
(的军阶)在将军之下。| His work is well below (=much less
than) average. 他的工作大大低于一般水平。| families living
below the poverty line 生活在贫困线以下的家庭 | Industrial
production is still way below(=very much lower than) its 1982
level. 工业生产仍然远远低于 1982年的水平。— see 参见 UN
DER (USAGE); compare 比较 BENEATH2, UNDER1
Bel-sen/`belsn; 'belsan/ a Nazi CONCENTRATION CAMP in N
Germany during World War II. Thousands of people, espe-
cially Jews, were killed in Belsen. It was the first concentra-
tion camp that British soldiers entered after the war ended
and they were extremely shocked to see many dead bodies and
many people who were very thin because of lack of food. 贝尔
森集中营〔第二次世界大战期间位于德国北部的纳粹集中营，成千
上万的人，尤其是犹太人在那里被杀害。它是战争结束后英军最先
进入的集中营，当他们看到那么多尸体以及那么多因缺少食物而瘦
骨嶙峋的人后大为震惊〕
*belt'/belt; belt/ n 1 a band worn around the waist, to support
clothing, as a decoration etc 腰带；带子：a leather belt 一条皮
带 2 a circular band of leather or other material used for driv-
ing a machine or for moving things from one place to another
(e. g. in an industrial process)〔带动机器的〕传动带；〔传送物品
的)输送带 — see also 另见 FAN BELT, CONVEYER BELT 3 (often
cap. 常用大写) an area that has a particular quality or part(特
定的〕区域，地带：the stockbroker belt 证券经纪人聚居区| the
Corn/Cotton Belt (=where corn/cotton is the chief crop)玉蜀
黍[棉花]产区 — see also 另见 BIBLE BELT. COMMUTER BELT
GREEN BELT 4 infml an act of hitting someone hard; powerful
blow【非正式】狠揍；猛击 5 below the belt infml unkind in an
unfair way【非正式】不公道的[地]，不正当的[地]：That remark
was a bit below the belt. 那句话并不公道。| an unfair remark
that hit him below the belt 暗地里伤害他的流言飞语 6 under
your belt achieved or finished 获得，完成：Once you have a
degree under your belt, you'll find it easier to get a job. 你一
旦获得学位，就会觉得更容易找工作了。 — see also另见 BLACK
BELT, LIFE BELT, SEAT BELT, tighten one's belt (TIGHTEN)
belt2y 1 [T (UP)] to fasten with a belt 用带束紧：She belted (up
her raincoat. 她把雨衣的腰带束紧。2 [T] to hit (as if) with a
belt; THRASH （好像）用皮带打：抽打：He gave the boy a real
belting. 他用皮带把那个孩子着实打了一顿。3 [T] infml to hit
very hard, especially with the hand【非正式】〔尤指用手)重打，
揍，掴：I belted him in the eye. 我揍了他的眼睛一下。| The
tennis player belted the ball right out of the court. 网球手用
力一击，把球打出了场外。4 [I+adv/prep] slang, especially BrE
to travel fast【俚，尤英】快速行进：belting along/down the
motorway沿着高速公路急驶
beltsthg. → outphr v [T] infml to sing loudly【非正式】大声
唱：to belt out a song 引吭高歌
belt upphr v [I usually imperative 一般用于祈使句] BrE
slang to stop talking or making a noise【英俚】住口；别做声：If
you don't belt up I'll throw you out. 如果你还不住口，我就把
你赶出去。
Bel. tane/`balten; 'beltein/ n an ancient Celtic celebration on
May 1st when fires were built(Beltane fires) and the cattle
brought to them to guard against illness in the coming year五
朔节〔古时塞尔特人在5月1日庆祝的节日，人们生火、牵牛为来
年驱走疾病〕
belt·ed /`baltid; 'beltd/ adj provided with a belt 有带子的：d
belted raincoat有腰带的雨衣
belt·way/`bεlt,we; 'beltwei/ n AmE for【美】= RING ROAD
Be·lu·shi/be`lufi; be'lu:fi/, John(1949-1982) a US actor and
COMEDIAN, best known for the television programme SATUR
DAY NIGHT LIVE, and the film The BLUES BROTHERS. He died
of taking too many drugs. 贝鲁希〔(1949-1982)，美国演员和
滑稽演员，以电视节目《星期六夜生活》及电影《福禄双霸天》最为
著名,死于过量吸毒〕
be·moan/bi`mon; bi'meun/ v [T] fml to express sorrow or dis-
appointment because of【正式】因··而表示忧伤或失望；悲叹：感
叹：He bemoaned his bitter fate. 他自叹命苦。| She bemoaned
the lack of money for her new project. 她为没有钱进行她的新
项目而叹息。
be·mused/bi`mjuzd; bi'mju:zd/ adj unable to think or under-
stand properly; confused 茫然的；发呆的；困惑的：a bemused
expression 困惑的表情 | bemused by/with all the questions
被一大堆问题弄得茫无头绪
ben/ben; ben/ n ScotE (often cap. as part of a name 常用大写
作为名字的一部分) a mountain or hill【苏格兰】山：Ben Nevis
尼维斯山
Ben & Jer·ry's/'·'·/ trademark a type of US ICE CREAM
which is known for being very thick and creamy, and for hav-
ing exciting unusual tastes. The company that produces it is
also known for being concerned about the environment. 【商
标】“本和杰里斯”牌冰淇淋〔美国的一种冰淇淋品牌，以浓厚及口
味刺激著称，生产该种冰淇淋的公司也以关注环境闻名〕
bench'/bentf; bentf/ n 1 [C] a long usually wooden seat for
two or more people, especially one used outdoors〔尤指户外用
的)长凳：a park bench 公园里的长凳 2 [the] a judge or the
seat where a judge sits in court 法官；法官席：to speak from the
bench 以法官身份发言| The bench declared. . 法官宣布··
3 [the+sing. /pl. v] judges as a group 法官 （的总称） ：What does
do the bench feel about this?法官（们）对此事的看法如何？
He retired from the bench in 1982. 他 1982年从法官的岗位上
退休了。4 [C] a long heavy worktable 长形工作台：a carpenter's
bench 木工工作台 5 a seat on which members of a sports team
sit when they are not playing 替补队员席：The manager was
shouting instructions from the bench. 球队经理在替补队员席
上大声喊指令
bench2v [T] AmE to remove from a game for a short period
because of breaking the rules or because of poor performance
〔因队员犯规或发挥欠佳而〕罚出场；将队员换下：Mr Morris
benched me for takin. food into the playground. 莫利斯先生
因我把食物带进场地而不让我上场。| Hershiser may be
benched for the next few games because of shoulder problems
赫尔希什因为肩伤，接下几场可能要坐冷板凳
Bench-ley/bentfli: 'bentfli/, Rob-ert Charles/rabat tfarlz:
'robet tfa:lz/(1889-1945) a humorous US writer and theatre
CRITIC who wrote articles for the magazines Vanity Fair and
The New Yorker. He was also an actor and he appeared in
many films. 本奇利〔(1889-1945)，一位幽默的美国作家和戏剧
评论家，曾为杂志《名利场》和《纽约人》撰稿。他同时也是一名演
员，演出过许多电影
bench mark/' / n 1 a mark made on something fixed at a
point of known height, from which heights and distances can
be measured, especially in surveying (SURVEY1(3)〔测量用的)
水准（基）点 2 something which can be used as a standard by
which other things are judged or measured 标准；规范：The
new salary deal for railway workers will be a bench mark for
0138
pay settlements in the public sector. 给铁路工人的新工资待
遇将会成为解决公务部门工资问题的尺度。| The new software
Dackage establishes several bench marks for other spread-
sheet manufacturers. 这套新的软件包为其他设计电子表格程序
的厂家确立了数项标准，
*bend' /band; bend/ v bent /bent; bent/ 1 [T] to force into a
curve, angle, or sloping position, away from a straight or up-
right position 使弯曲：to bend the wire 把金属线弄弯 | to bend
one's head in worship 俯首表示崇拜 | an old woman who
was bent down with age 因年迈而驼背的老妇人 | He pleaded
with heron bended knee . (=kneeling) 他跪下来求她。| (fig
喻)I think we canbend the rules(=let them be broken slightly)
on this occasion. 我想就这一次我们可以稍稍放宽一下规则。2
I] to have or take on a curved shape or sloping position 具有
[呈现]弯曲[倾斜]状：变弯曲：This wire bends easily. 这根金属
线容易弯曲。| The branches bent in the wind. 树枝被风吹弯
了。| I bent down to pick up the box from the floor. 我弯下身
子从地板上拾起那个盒子。| (fig. 喻) They refused to bend to
the hiiackers' demands,他们拒绝屈从于劫机者的要求。| 
talked to her for an hour but I couldn't get her to bend. 
(=change her mind)我跟她谈了一小时，还是没法使她改变主意
3 [T+obi+ady/prep] to direct (one's efforts)集中〔全力)（于）
She bent her mind to the job,她专心致志于这项工作。 4 bend
over backwards to make every possible effort to be helpful
竭尽全力 5bend someone's ear infml to talk to someone, es-
becially about something that is worrying you【非正式】和某人
谈心〔尤指谈令人烦恼的事〕 — see also 另见 BENT
*bend2n 1 a curved part, especially in a road or stream〔尤指道
路或溪流的)弯曲处：a bend in the road/river 道路 [河流]的弯
曲处 2 an act of bending 弯曲（动作） ：forward bends to stretch
the spine 用以伸展脊柱的前倾动作 3around/round the bend
infml, often humor mad【非正式，常幽】发疯的：This pink wall-
paper woulddrive/send me around/round the bend . 这种粉
红色墙纸真会使我发疯的。| That old man next door must bel
have gone round the bend -he's been cutting the grass with
a pair of scissors! 隔壁那位老人一定是疯了 —— 他一直在用一
把剪刀割草
bend·er /`band; 'bende/ n 1 go on a bender infml a wild
period of uncontrolled drinking【非正式】纵酒：After he got his
exam results, he went on a bender for two days. 他拿到考试成
绩后就去纵酒狂欢了两天。2 to drink a lot of alcohol for fun. 
especially by going to several different bars 〔尤指去几间不同
的酒吧〕饮酒作乐[欢闹]：After finishing their exams. Kim and
Jo went on a two-day bender in Las Vegas. 考试结束后，金和
乔去拉斯维加斯饮酒作乐了两天。3 an offensive word for a man
who is sexually attracted to other men; HOMOSEXUAL 男同性
恋〔该词会令人不快〕 — see also 另见 GENDER-BENDER
bends /bendz; bendz/ n [the+sing. /pl. v] a painful and occa-
sionally fatal condition caused by gas in the tubes through
which blood flows, suffered especially by deep-sea DIVER s who
come to the surface too quickly 潜水夫病，潜函病，减压病〔尤
指深水潜水员浮出水面过快引致的一种血管中出现气泡而感到异
常疼痛的病，有时能致命〕
*be-neath1 /br`ni0; br'ni:0/ adv fml【正式】1 in or to a lower po
sition; below 在下面；朝下：We looked down from the plane at
the fields spread out beneath. 我们从飞机上俯瞰下面一片片的
土地。2 directly under; UNDERNEATH 在正下方；在底下 - see
参见 UNDER(USAGE);compare 比较 BELOW
rectly under, especially so as to be covered or sheltered by【正
式】在·之下；在·正下方；在··底下：The ship sank beneath the
waves. 轮船沉没于波涛之下。| a village beneath the hills 山
下的村庄 | to feel the sand beneath one's feet 感觉到脚底下的
沙子 2 lower than in rank, social position etc〔等级、社会地位
等)低于：She was very contemptuous of those beneath her. 她
十分蔑视那些身份比她低的人。3 not suitable to; not worthy of
与·不相称：不值得·：Such behaviour is beneath you/beneath
contempt. 这种行为与你身份不符[令人不齿]。— see 参见 UN-
DER (USAGE), and compare 并比较 BELOW
ben·e·dic. tine /，bene`diktin;,ben'dikti:n/n [U] (often cap
常用大写) a strong alcoholic drink (LIOUEUR) first made by
members of the Benedictine order, usually drunk from a small
glass after a meal 本尼狄克特甜酒〔最初是由本笃会修士酿造的
种烈酒，一般在饭后倒在小酒杯里喝
Ben. e. dic. tine /，bane`diktin; ben'diktin/ n a member of a
Christian group of MONKS which obeys the rules made by Saint
Benedict 本笃会修士
ben. e. dic. tion /，bane`dikfen;,ben'dikfan/ n (a prayer or reli-
gious service giving) a blessing〔祈祷时或宗教仪式中所作的〕
祝福；祝祷（仪式）
ben·e·fac·tion /，bane`faekfen;,ben'faekfan/ n fml【正式】1 [U
doing good or giving money for a good purpose 〔为慈善目的
善行，施惠助人：捐款 2 [U] money so given 慈善捐款
ben·e·fac. tor /bane faekta; 'ben faekte/ ben. e·fac·tress /-tris;
-trs/ fem. 【阴性】-- n a person who does good or who gives
money for a good purpose 行善者；捐 [赞] 助人；施主；恩人 -
compare 比较 MALEFACTOR
ben. e. fice /`benefis; 'benofos/ n the pay and position of the
Christian priest of a PARISH〔教区牧师的〕薪俸，圣俸；圣职
be. nef. i. cent /be`nfesnt; bi'nefsant/ adj fml doing good; kind
or generous【正式】行善的；仁慈的；宽厚的 - -cence n [U] -
~ly adv
ben·e·fi. cial /bene`fifel;bend'fifal/ adj[(to)] (especially of
an action or event) producing favourable effects or useful results
〔尤指行动或事件)有益的，有利的，有用的：His holiday has had
a beneficial effect. 假期对他大有裨益。| The fall in prices
will be beneficial to small businesses. 价格的下跌将有利于小
企业。 — ~ly adv
ben·e·fi. cia. ry /bene`fiferi;ben'fiferi/ n [(of)] the receiver
of a benefit or advantage, especially of money or property〔尤
指金钱或财产的)受益人，受惠者：People on high incomes will
be the main beneficiaries of these changes in the tax laws. 高
收入人士将成为税务法修正条文的主要受益者。| His eldest son
was named in his will as the chief beneficiary. (=who would
receive his property when he died)他在遗嘱中指定其长子为主
要的受益人
ben·e·fit' /`banefit; 'benfit/ n 1 [U] anything that brings help
advantage, or profit 好处，益处，裨益，利益，恩惠：She has had
the benefit of a first-class education. 她因受过一流教育而获
益。| For the benefit of those people who arrived late, I'll
just go over the plan again. 为了那些迟到的人，我将把计划再
讲一遍。| My holiday wasn't of much benefit to me. 我的假期
对我没有多大好处。| Let's give this new planthe benefit of
the doubt. (=the right to favourable consideration until we
know whether it is good or bad)在确定这项计划有什么不当之
前，让我们先假定它是可行的。2 [C;U] in Britain, the general
money provided by the government to people who need it, es-
pecially to those who are sick or unemployed 〔英国政府提供
的、尤指给生病者及失业者的)救济金，津贴：Are you entitled to
unemployment benefit?你有资格领取失业救济金吗？| child/
housing benefit儿童 [住房]津贴 3 [C] an event, especially a
theatrical performance, to raise money for some person or spe-
cial purpose〔为某人或某特殊目的筹款的〕义演；善举； a benefit
for old actors 为老演员所举办的义演 | a benefit concert to
raise money for the famine victims 为饥荒灾民筹款的慈善音
乐会| a benefit match/year for a veteran player 为一位老运
动员举行的义赛[捐款的年度]4[U]AmE for【美】=RELIEF(3)
 — see also 另见 CHILD BENEFIT, FRINGE BENEFIT
benefit2v1 [T] (especially of an action or event) to be useful. 
profitable,or helpful to〔尤指一行动或一事件)有益于，有利于，
有助于：It's an expensive investment but it will benefit the
company in the long run. 这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远
看来，它将对公司有好处。2 [I (from)] to gain advantage; re-
ceive benefit (as a result of something)获益；受益，得到好处：
can see the advantage of this for you, but how will I benefit?
我能够看出这事对你的好处，可是我将怎样受益呢？| Who is
most likely to benefit from/by the old lady's death?谁最可能
因那老妇人去世而获益呢？ | These small businesses have ben
efited greatly from the fall in interest rates, 小企业因利率下
降而得到了很大的好处。
benefit of cler. gy /，. . . ·. / n [U] old use the special rights of
priests in the law【旧】法律上规定的神职人员的特权
Benefits A. gen. cy, the /'·，. ·/ a British government organi-
zation which pays money to people who are unemployed, old. 
or ill救济社〔给失业人员、老人或患病者发津贴的一个英国政府
机构) — see also 另见 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SECURITY
Be. ne. lux /`banelaks; 'benlaks/ the Benelux countries Bel-
gium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg considered together
as one group 比利时、荷兰、卢森堡三国；比荷卢联盟
Ben·et·ton /benitn; 'bentan/ trademark an Italian company
with shops all over the world which sell SWEATERS and other
clothes for women, men, and children. Benetton is known for
its clever and unusual advertisements, which some people dis-
approve of. 【商标】贝纳通公司〔意大利一家公司，其专卖店遍布世
界各地，出售针织服装及其他男女服饰、童装等，以其思路巧妙而
独特的广告而闻名，但也有人对此持有异议)
be. nev. o. lent /be`nevelent; b'nevelent/ adj having or show-
ing a wish to do good and help others仁慈的，仁爱的；慈善的
乐善好施的 -compare 比较MALEVOLENT --lence n [U]-
~ly adv
0139
Ben. gal /ben`gol; ben'go:l an area of southern Asia that in
cludes Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal 孟加拉
〔南亚的一个地区，包括孟加拉国和印度的西孟加拉邦
Ben·ga·li /ben`goli; ben'go:li/ n 1 [U] the language spoken ir
Bangladesh and West Bengal 孟加拉语 2 [C] someone who
comes from Bengal 孟加拉人 - Bengali adj
Ben-Gu-ri-on, David /ban `gurien; ben 'guarien/(1886-1973)
an Israeli politician who is considered responsible for estab
lishing the independent Jewish nation of Israel. He was also
Israel's first Prime Minister. 本-古里安〔(1886-1973)，以色列
政治家，据认为对建立以色列这个独立的犹太人国家有功，他也是
以色列第一任总理
Ben Hur /bEn `h3; ben 'h3:/ a novel by Lewis Wallace, whose
story takes place during the time of Jesus Christ. The story
was made into a famous film in 1959， in which Charlton HESTON
played the main character. 《宾虚传》〔刘易斯·华莱士所著的一部
小说，以耶稣基督生活的时代为背景，1959年被改编成一部著名影
片，由查尔顿·赫斯顿主演〕
Ben. i. dorm /'banidorm; 'benido:m/ a town on the Mediterra-
nean coast of Spain which is a popular place for tourists. People
in the UK think of it as a typical place for an inexpensive PACK
AGE HOLIDAY. It provides things that some British people like. 
such as FISH AND CHIPS and English-style PUBS. 贝尼多姆〔西
班牙地中海沿岸的一个小镇，为游览胜地。英国人认为它是作廉价
包价旅游的典型地点，在该镇可找到一些英国人喜爱的东西，如炸
鱼加炸马铃薯条和英式小酒馆〕
be. night. ed /br`naitid; bi'naited/ adj lit completely without
knowledge or understanding, especially of moral principles
【文】愚昧的；蒙昧无知的；未开化的；benighted minds 愚昧的头
脑 — ~ly adv
be. nign /br`nain; bi'nain/ adj 1 rather fml kind and gentle【较
正式】慈祥的；和蔼的，亲切的：a benign nature/smile和善的性
情[微笑] 2 med (of a disease) not dangerous to life; not MA-
LIGNANT(2)【医】〔疾病〕无致命危险的：非恶性的，良性的：a
benign tumour 良性肿瘤 — ~ly adv: to smile benignly 慈祥地
微笑 — ~ity /bi`nigneti;bi'nignti/n [U]fml【正式】
Be. nin /be`nin; be'ni:n/, the People's Republic of a country
in W Africa, between Togo and Nigeria, which was a French
COLONY, formerly called Dahomey. It became independent
in 1960 and changed its name to Benin in 1975. Population:
5,400,000(1995). Capital: Porto Noyo,贝宁人民共和国〔西非
国家，位于多哥与尼日利亚之间，旧称达荷美，为法国殖民地。该
国于1960年独立，1975年改名为贝宁。人口：5,400,000(1995)，
首都：波多诺伏〕
ben·i·son /`benizn; 'benizan/ n [C; U] lit, old use God's BLESS
ING(=protection and help)【文，旧】（上帝的）赐福，保佑
Benn /ban; ben/, Tony (1925-)a British politician in the
Labour Party, known for his strong LEFT-WING opinions. He
was born with the title of Viscount Stansgate, but he gave up
his title so that he could become a member of the House of
Commons. He was a minister in the Labour governments of
the 1960s and 1970s, and his political diaries （ DIARY) (=a daily
record of events) provide a detailed description of political life
in the UK. 本〔(1925-)，英国工党政治家，以激进的左翼思想而
闻名。他出生时即拥有斯坦斯盖特子爵的贵族头衔，但为了成为下
议院议员而放弃爵位。他曾任20世纪60、70年代工党政府的大
臣，他的政治日志对英国的政治生活作了详细描述〕
Ben-nett /`banit: 'bent/, Al. an /`aelen; 'aelen/ (1934-) a writer
and actor from the N of England who has written many films
and plays for the theatre and for television. His characters are
especially funny because he is very good at noticing the strange
way that people behave and the funny things they say. 贝内特
〔(1934-)，来自英格兰北部的作家和演员，曾为戏剧界和电视台
写过大量电影和戏剧剧本。由于他善于观察人们的古怪行为以及
人们所说的趣事，所以他笔下的人物极为有趣
Bennett, Arnold (1867-1931) a British writer known for his
novels about the 'Five Towns', which describe the lives of or-
dinary people in the area of the Midlands in the UK, where
POTTERY was made 本涅特〔(1867-1931)，英国作家，以其关于
“五个小镇”的小说而闻名，这些小说描述了英格兰中部制陶区普
通人的生活〕
Ben Ne. vis /ben `navis; ben 'nevs/ a mountain in Scotland
which is 1343 metres high and is the highest mountain in the
UK本尼维斯山〔位于苏格兰，高1343米，为英国最高的山〕-
compare 比较 SCAFELL PIKE - see colour map on page Al 参
见A1页彩色地图
Ben-ny /`beni; 'beni/, Jack (1894-1974) a US COMEDIAN who
had a very popular radio programme and later a popular tele-
vision programme, called The Jack Benny Show. He is famous
for pretending to always be 39， for playing the VIOLIN badly,
and for making jokes about how much he dislikes spending
money. 本尼〔(1894-1974)，美国喜剧演员，曾有一个极受欢迎的
广播节目，以及后来的一个流行电视节目《杰克·本尼的表演》，他
以装扮成永远39岁的样子、小提琴拉得糟糕，以及讲述他多么吝
啬的笑话而出名〕
Ben·son and Hedg. es /，bensn and `had3iz;,bensan end
hed3z/ trademark a type of cigarette made by a British com-
pany and sold in a gold coloured packet【商标】“本森和赫奇
斯”牌香烟〔一家英国公司生产的香烟，烟包为金色
bent1/bent; bent/ past tense and participle of BEND: a piece of
bent wire 一段弯曲的金属线
bent2 adj 1 BrE slang dishonest, especially by allowing one-
self to be influenced by money or gifts(BRIBES)【英俚】不老实
的，不诚实的：收受贿赂的：a bent copper(=policeman)受贿的
警察 — opposite 反义词 straight 2 [F+on/upon] with one's
mind set;completely determined专心致志的；下定决心的；倾
心于··的：She's bent on a career on the stagelbent on becom
ing an actress. 她倾心于舞台生涯[决心成为一名女演员]。3 old-
fash derog HOMOSEXUAL【过时，贬】同性恋的
bent3n [(for)] a natural tendency or special natural skill(in)倾
向，癖性；特长，天赋：He has a bent for artlan artistic bent. 他
生性爱好艺术
Ben·tham /`ban0em; 'ben0am/, Jer·e·my /`d3remi; 'd3eremi/
(1748-1832) a British PHILOSOPHER who believed that the ac-
tions of people and governments should be based on what would
bring happiness to the largest number of people 边沁〔(1748-
1832),英国哲学家，主张人民和政府的行为应该建立在为大多数
人谋幸福的基础上〕
Bent·ley /`bantli; 'bentli/ trademark a type of large, comfortable
and very expensive British car, similar to a ROLLS-ROYCE and
owned by wealthy people【商标】宾利轿车〔一种宽敞、舒适、昂
贵的英国汽车，形似劳斯莱斯轿车，为富人拥有
be. numbed /bi`nvmd; bi'nvmd/ adj having all sense of feeling
taken away, especially by cold〔尤指因寒冷而)失去感觉的；麻
木的
Benz /banz; benz/ n AmE an informal name for a Mercedes-
Benz car【美】奔驰汽车〔梅塞德斯-奔驰汽车的非正式名称〕-
compare 比较MERC
Benz, Karl /karl; ka:l/ (1844-1929) a German engineer who
built the first petrol-driven car in 1885. His factory later
joined with one started by Gottlieb Daimler, and became the
MERCEDES-BENZ car company. 本茨〔(1844-1929)，德国工程
师，1885年制造了第一辆以汽油为燃料的内燃机汽车。他的工厂
后来与戈特利布·戴姆勒创建的工厂合并组成梅塞德斯-奔驰汽车
公司〕
ben·zene /`banzin: 'benzi:n/ also又作 ben·zol/`bnzl; 'benzpl/
- n [U] a colourless liquid (CH) which is obtained chiefly
from coal. Benzene burns quickly and is used to make certain
types of engine run, and in making various chemical products
苯〔一种主要从煤提炼而成的无色液体，分子式CH。,易燃且易
转成气体，用来发动某些类型的引擎及制造多种化学制品)
ben. zine /`banzin; 'benzi:n/ n [U] a mixture of liquids obtained
from PETROLEUM that burns quickly and is used to make cer-
tain types of engine run, and for cleaning 轻油精，轻质汽油，奔
散油
Be. o. wulf /'beowulf; 'beieuwulf/ an EPIC (=long poem about
gods and great men and women) written in the 8th century in
Old English, about a man called Beowulf who kills powerful
frightening creatures and becomes a king《贝奥武甫》〔公元8
世纪以古英语写成的一首英雄史诗，讲述一个叫做贝奥武甫的人杀
死几头强壮可怕的怪物并成为国王的故事
be·queath /bi`kwio; bi'kwi:0/ v [T (to)] fml to give to others
after death【正式】遗赠：遗留：Her collection of paintings was
bequeathed to the National Gallery when she died. 她去世
时，她的全部藏画遗赠给了国家美术馆。|[+obj(i)+obj(d)]His
father bequeathed him a fortune. 他父亲遗留给他一笔财产，
be-quest /bi`kwest; bi'kwest/ n fml money or property that is
bequeathed【正式】遗产；遗赠物：a bequest of ￡5000 to his
daughter留给他女儿的5000英镑遗产
be. rate /bi`ret; bi'reit/ v [T (for)] fml to speak to angrily be. 
cause of a fault; REBUKE【正式】严责；训斥
Ber-ber /`b3ba; 'b3:be/ n 1 [C] a member of a group of people
from NW Africa who live in the area between Morocco and
Tunisia〔居住于非洲西北部，摩洛哥和突尼斯之间的〕柏柏尔人2
[U] one of the languages spoken by these people 柏柏尔语
be·reave /be`riv; be'ri:v/ v bereaved or bereft /bi`raft; bo'reft/
[T (of) usually pass. 一般用被动语态] fml to take away, espe. 
cially by death【正式】〔尤指被死亡)夺去，使丧失：He was be-
reaved (of his wife). 他丧失了妻子。| bereft of all hope 失去
了一切希望的
0140
□USAGE 用法说明 Bereaved is used only of someone
who has lost a close relative or friend through death. be. 
reaved 仅用来指某人痛失死去的至亲好友：He was be. 
reaved (of his wife). (他痛失爱妻。)
be-reaved /be`rivd; b'ri:vd/ adj. n bereaved fml (someone)
whose close relative has just died【正式】刚刚丧失亲人的（人）
a bereavec mother痛失孩子的母亲 | The bereavec was/were
grief-stricken. 死者的亲人极为悲伤
be·reave·ment /be`rivment; b'ri:vment/ n [C; U] the state or
an occasion of having been bereaved 丧亲（之痛），死别；居丧
saddened by illness and bereavement 由于疾病与亲人故世而
哀伤 | a series of bereavements 连连痛失亲人
be·reft /bi`reft; bi'reft/ adi fml completely without (very formal. 
usually used in poetry or with abstract nouns)【正式】失去··的
〔这个词非常正式，常用于诗歌或与抽象名词连用)：He was be
reft of all hopelideaslemotion/comfort etc. 他失去了一切希望
[念头：感情：安慰等]
be. ret /be`re; 'berei/ n a round usually woollen cap with a tight
headband and a soft full flat top 贝雷帽〔通常为毛织的扁圆无
檐柔软小帽〕
Ber·ge·rac /`b33eraek: 'b3:3eraek/. Cv. ra. no de /`sireno de:
'sireneu de/(1619-1655) a French writer and soldier who fought
more than 1000 DUELS (=sword fights between two people)
and was known for his extremely large nose. His name is alsc
the title of a famous play about his life, written by Edmond
Rostand, and several films have been based on this story. 贝尔
热拉克，大鼻子情圣〔(1619-1655)，法国作家和战士，曾与人决斗
1000多次，以其硕大的鼻子而闻名。他的名字也是一部有关他生
平的戏剧名，由埃德蒙·罗斯丹所创作，而好几部影片也以该故事
作为蓝本〕
Berg. man /`b3gmen; 'b3:gmen/, Ing. mar /`inmar; 'inma:'
(1918-)a Swedish film maker who is regarded as one of the
most important directors in the history of the cinema. His films
which include The Seventh Seal (1956) and Fanny and
Alexander (1983)， often deal with very serious subjects, and
with characters who experience a lot of emotional suffering
伯格曼〔(1918-)，瑞典电影制片人，被认为是电影史上最重要的
导演之一，他的影片常涉及十分严肃的题材，以及描述经历多次情
感创伤的人物，包括《第七个印章》(1956)和《范妮和亚历山大》
(1983)〕
Bergman, In-grid /ingrid; 'ingrid/(1915-1982) a Swedish ac-
tress who went to Hollywood in 1939 and became internation-
ally famous by acting in films. She appeared with Humphrey
Bogart in the film CASABLANCA. 褒曼〔(1915-1982)，瑞典女
演员，1939年赴好莱坞发展并成为国际知名影星，她曾与亨弗莱
博加特共同演出《卡萨布兰卡》〕
ber·i·ber·i /beri`beri;beri'beri/ n [U] a disease of the nerves
caused by lack of VITAMIN B 脚气病
Be-ring Strait, the /，birin `stret; bearin 'streit/ a narrow pas-
sage of water between Asia and N America that connects the
Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean 白令海峡〔亚洲与北美洲之间连
接白令海和北冰洋的一条狭窄水道〕
berk, burk /b3·k; b3:k/ n BrE slang a fool【英俚】傻瓜：You mighi
have told me it was a formal affair - I felt a right berk in
jeans and T-shirt. 你本该告诉我那是正式场合——我穿着牛仔
裤和T恤在那儿显得傻气十足
Berke. ley /`b3kli; 'b3:kli/ a city on the eastern side of the San
Francisco Bay area in California. In the 1960s, many students
who studied at the University of California in Berkeley pro-
tested against the Vietnam War. Now the people who live and
study there are generally considered to be intelligent and not
to have traditional values about society,伯克利〔位于加利福尼
亚圣弗朗西斯科湾东岸的城市。20世纪60年代，加利福尼亚大学
伯克利分校的大批学生抗议越战。现在，在那里生活学习的人通常
被认为很聪明，但缺乏传统社会价值观〕
Berkeley. Busby (1895-1976) a US CHOREOGRAPHER (=some
one whose job is to arrange the movements in a dance) who
directed the dancing in many films in the 1930s. He is known
for his impressive and imaginative style of dances, which were
performed by groups of young women. The dancers made com-
plicated patterns and were often filmed from above. 贝克莱
(1895-1976),美国舞蹈编导，曾为20世纪30年代的许多电影
编舞。他以令人印象深刻、富有想像力的舞蹈风格而闻名，其舞蹈
由年轻的女子舞蹈队来表演，人们常以俯摄镜头拍摄舞蹈演员做出
的复杂图案
Berke. ley Square /，barkli`skw;,ba:kli 'skwee'/ a square
in London known in the 17th and 18th centuries as the home
of many famous people including Robert Walpole and Clive
of India 伯克利广场〔位于伦敦的一个广场，以17、18世纪众多
名人的聚居地而闻名，其中包括罗伯特·沃波尔和印度的克莱武)
Berk-shire /`bakfo; 'ba:kfe/ a COUNTY in the south of England
伯克郡〔英格兰南部一郡〕
Ber. lin /b3`lim; b3:'lin/ the capital city of Germany. Berlin
was divided into East Berlin and West Berlin after World War
II. East Berlin was controlled by the COMMUNISTS. Berlin be-
came a united city again when the Berlin Wall was destroyed
in 1989 and in 1990 the German Democratic Republic (East
Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (West
Germany) became one country again. 柏林〔德国首都，第二次
世界大战后被分为东柏林和西柏林，东柏林由共产主义者掌管。
1989年柏林围墙被推倒后，柏林又成为一个完整的城市。1990年
德意志民主共和国（东德）与德意志联邦共和国（西德）统一
Berlin, Ir-ving /3vin; '3：vin/ (1888-1989) a US songwriter who
wrote many popular songs and successful MUSICALS(=plays
or films that use singing and dancing to tell a story). His songs
include Alexander's Ragtime Band and WHITE CHRISTMAS
伯林〔(1888-1989)，美国歌曲作家，写过许多流行歌曲以及成功
的音乐剧，歌曲有《亚历山大雷格泰姆乐队》和《白色圣诞节》〕
Ber. lin. guer /，barlin`gwaa;beelin'gwee/, En. ri. co /en`riko
en'ri:keu/(1922-1984) an Italian politician, leader of the Com-
munist Party 贝林格〔(1922-1984)，意大利政治家、共产党领袖)
Berlin Wall /，. '/ a wall that divided East and West Berlin. 
which was built in 1961 and destroyed in 1989. The COMMU-
NIST government of East Germany built the wall in order to
prevent people from escaping to West Berlin. When ordinary
people started to destroy the wall, this event was shown on
television around the world and seemed to represent freedom and
the end of the COLD WAR. 柏林墙〔划分东、西柏林的一堵墙，筑于
1961年，1989年被推倒。东德的共产党政府为防止人们逃往西柏
林而修筑此墙。当普通百姓动手推倒此墙时，世界各地的电视台都
进行了转播。这一事件似乎代表自由的来临以及冷战的结束〕
Ber·li·oz /`barlioz; 'beelieuz/, Hector /`hakt; 'hekte/(1803-
1869) a French COMPOSER, whose most famous work is the
Symphonie Fantastique 伯辽兹〔(1803-1869)，法国作曲家，最
著名的作品为《幻想交响曲》〕
Berlitz /b3lits; 'b3:lits/ trademark a company which has many
schools all over the world for teaching foreign languages, and
which produces phrase books and travel guides for people vis-
iting foreign countries【商标】贝利茨公司〔一家教授外语、出版
短语手册与旅游指南的公司〕
Ber·lus. coni /`berlus`koni; 'beelus'keuni/,Sil. vi. o /`silvio
'silvieo/(1936-)an Italian businessman and RIGHT-WING
politician. He established a powerful and successful group of
television companies, and started the political party called Forza
Italia. In 1994 the party won elections and he became Prime
Minister, but he was soon forced to leave this position because
he was charged with dishonest business dealings. In 1998， a
court found him guilty of dishonestly offering money to tax
officials. 贝卢斯科尼〔(1936-)，意大利商人和右翼政治家，他建
立了一个强大而成功的电视公司集团，并创建政治党派意大利福尔
扎党。1994年该党赢得大选，他成为意大利总理，但不久因被指
控进行不正当交易而被迫辞职。1998年，一家法庭判他贿赂税务
官员罪名成立〕
Ber·mu. da /ba`mjude; be'mju:de/ a group of islands in the W
Atlantic Ocean which is a popular place for tourists. Bermuda
is a British COLONY, but has its own local government. Popu-
lation:72,000(1992). Capital: Hamilton. 百慕大〔位于西大西
洋的一群岛屿，为旅游胜地。它是英国的殖民地，但有自己的地方
政府。人口：72,000(1992)，首都：哈密尔顿〕
Bermuda shorts /. / Bermudas n [P] short trousers that go
down to the knee and are made from thin cloth, often in very
bright colours 百慕大短裤〔以薄织物制成，常为色彩极艳丽的齐
膝短裤〕
Bermuda Tri·an. gle, the /·，. ··. / an area in the W Atlantic
Ocean between Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico where many
ships and aircraft are believed to have strangely disappeared
without any reason 百慕大三角区〔位于西大西洋的百慕大、佛罗
里达以及波多黎各之间的一个区域，据信许多船只和飞机在此神秘
失踪〕
Ber·na·dette /b3ne`dt:b3:ne'det/. Saint also 又作 St
Bernadette of Lourdes / ，· · '/ (1844-1879) a girl who
claimed to have seen the Virgin Mary at LOURDES, which made
Lourdes a place of PILGRIMAGE, especially for the sick 贝尔娜
黛特〔(1844-1879)，一位自称在卢尔德见到圣母马利亚的小女
孩，卢尔德因此成为人们尤其是病人朝圣之地
Bern·hardt /b3nhart; 'b3:nha:t/, Sa. rah /sere; 'seare/ (1844
1923)a famous French ACTRESS, thought of by many people
as one of the best actresses ever 伯因哈特〔(1844-1923)，法国
0141
著名女演员，不少人认为她是有史以来最出色的女演员之一〕
Bern·stein /`b3nstain; 'b3:nstain/, Leon. ard /`lene-d; 'lened/
(1918-1990) a US musician, famous both as a CONDUCTOR of
classical music and as a writer of popular MUSICALS(=plays
or films that use singing and dancing to tell a story), including
WEST SIDE STORY伯恩斯坦〔(1918-1990)，美国音乐家，既是一
位著名的古典音乐指挥家，又是一位知名的通俗音乐剧曲作家，作
品包括《西城故事》〕
Ber. ra /`bere; bere/, Yogi (1925-) a famous US BASEBALL
player for the New York Yankees team from 1946 to the 1960s,
who was the MVP (=most valuable player) of the AMERICAN
LEAGUE in 1951， 1954， and 1956. He later became a COACH,
and he is famous for saying 'It ain't over till it's over'. 贝拉
((1925),著名的美国棒球运动员，1946年至1960年代效力于纽
约扬基队。他是1951、1954及1956年美国棒球联盟最有价值球
员，后来成为了一名教练。他的一句名言是“比赛终场前永远不算
结束。”〕
blackberries 黑莓
elderberries 接骨木浆果
fruit, usually with seeds 浆果，莓：to pick berries 采摘浆果
blackberry jam 黑莓酱|a strawberry 草莓
Berry, Chuck (1926- ) a US singer, GUITAR player, and
songwriter whose music was in the RHYTHM AND BLUES style. 
His many popular songs include Johnny B. Goode and No
Particular place to go. and his style had a big influence
on 1960s musicians such as the ROLLING STONES. 贝里
〔(1926-)，美国歌手、吉他手和歌曲作家，其音乐属于节奏布鲁
斯风格，众多的流行歌曲包括《乖一点约翰尼》和《无处可去》。他
的音乐风格对于20世纪60年代的音乐家，如滚石乐队等，产生过
很大的影响〕
ber·serk /`b3s3k; b3:'s3:k/ adj[F] mad with violent anger 狂怒
的，暴跳如雷的：My husband will go berserk if he finds you
here. 要是我丈夫发现你在这儿，一定会气得发疯的。
berth1 /b30; b3:0/ n 1 a place where a ship can stop and be tied
up, as in a HARBOUR〔港内〕船舶的泊位，碇泊处 2 a sleeping
place in a ship or train; BUNK〔船或火车上的〕卧铺，铺位；舱位
3 old-fash, BrE infml a job【过时，英，非正式】差事，职位 4 give
someone/something a wide berth infml to stay at a safe dis-
tance from someone or something dangerous or unpleasant【非
正式】避开危险或令人讨厌的人或物
berth2 v [I; T] to come or bring into a berth(使)停泊：The cap
tain berthed his ship at midday. 中午时分船长把船停于泊位。
ber·yl /`barel; 'berl/ n [C; U] a usually green precious stone 绿
柱石，绿玉
be. seech /bi`sitf; bi'si:tf/ v besought /bi`sot; bi'so:t/ or be. 
seeched [T (of)] fml or lit to ask eagerly and anxiously【正式
或文】祈求，恳求，哀求，央求：to beseech a favour 祈求恩惠
[+obj+to-v] I beseech you to go. 我恳求你们离去。
be·set /bi`set; bi'set/ v beset; present participle besetting [T
(by, with)] to trouble from all directions; attack continuously
困扰；不断围攻：I was beset by doubts. 我疑虑重重。| The plan
was beset with difficulties from the beginning. 这项计划自开
始就困难重重。| Laziness is my besetting sin . (=the one that
most often influences me)懒惰是我难以摆脱的恶习。
*be. side /bi`said; bi'said/ prep 1 at or close to the side of; next
to 在··旁边；在·的近旁：sitting beside the driver 坐在驾驶员
身旁 | a town beside the sea海边的城镇 2 compared with 与··
相比：This year's sales figures don't look very good beside
last year's results. 与去年的成绩相比，今年的销售额看来不佳。
3 beside oneself (with) almost mad (with anger, excitement
etc)〔由于气愤、激动等而〕发狂；忘形：He was beside himself
with joy when he heard he had Dassed the exam. 他得知自己
考试合格时欣喜若狂。4 beside the point having nothing to do
with the main point or question 离题，与本题无关，不得要领：
berries 浆果，莓
Her age is beside the point; the question is, can she do the
job?她的年龄与本题无关，问题在于她是否能胜任这项工作？-
see参见 BESIDES (USAGE)
*be·sides1/bi`saidz; bi'saidz/ adv in addition; also 而且；还有：I
don't want to go; besides. I'm too tired. 我不想去，再说我也
太累了。| This is my best suit; I have two others besides. 这
是我最好的一套衣服，我另外还有两套衣服
*besides2 prep as well as; in addition to 除·之外：There were
three other people at the meeting besides Mr Day. 除了戴先
生之外，另外还有三人出席了这次会议。| Besides being a pro-
fessional pianist, he is also a keen amateur singer. 他除了是
专业钢琴家之外，还是一位热心的业余歌手。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 besides and 和 except. 
Besides means'as well as. besides的意思是“除·之外还
有”：Ten of us passed besides John. (=John passed too)
(除了约翰及格之外，我们还有十个人及格了。)；except means
‘but not' or ‘leaving out'. except 的意思是“不包括··在内”
或“除去··”：All of us passed except John. (=John did not
pass)(我们都及格了，约翰除外。)
be·siege /bi`sid3; bi'si:d3/ v [T] 1 to surround (a town, castle
etc) with armed forces so as to prevent the people inside from
getting out 包围；围困；围攻 2 to press all round in a crowd 拥
集在·周围：Worried relatives besieged the airline office
waiting for news of the crash. 焦虑不安的乘客亲属团团围住了
航空公司的办事处，等待有关飞机失事的消息。3[(with)]to
trouble or annoy continuously; HARASS 烦扰；困扰：We were
besieged with doubts/with requests for help. 我们为种种疑问
[一大堆求助的请求]所困扰。
be·smear /bi`smir; bi'smie/ v [T (with)] to cover with dirty. 
sticky,or oily marks〔以泥垢、油污〕涂抹；弄脏：hands be-
smeared with dirt 满是污垢的双手
be·smirch /bi`sm3tf; bi'sm3:t[/v [T] fml to damage (a person
or their character) in the opinion of others【正式】败坏，诋毁
〔某人或其人格〕
be. som /bizem; 'bi:zam/ n a brush made of sticks tied together
on a long handle; BROOM (1)长柄扫帚
be. sot. ted /bi`satid; bi'sotd/ adj [F(with)] made foolish or
unable to behave sensibly by strong drink or powerful feeling
〔因酒或强烈感情而〕痴迷的；沉醉的，昏了头的；besotted with
drink/love/power 被酒[爱情；权势]弄昏了头
be-sought /bi`sot; bi'so:t/ past tense and participle of BESEECH
be. spat. tered /bi`spaeted; bi'spaeted/ adj [(with)] marked all
over with drops of liquid; spattered (SPATTER)被泼溅的；溅污
的； The windscreen of the car was so bespattered with dirt
that it was difficult to see through it. 汽车的挡风玻璃溅满了污
泥，以至很难看清外面的东西
be. speak /bi`spik; bi'spi:k/ v bespoke /bi`spok; bi'speuk/ be-
spoken /bi`spoken; bi'speuken/ [T] fml to show; be a sign of
【正式】显示；表示：The efficiency of the organization bespoke
careful planning. 这个组织的效率表明他们计划周密。
be. spec. ta. cled /bi`spaktekld; bi'spektekeld/ adj fml or hu-
mor wearing glasses【正式或幽】戴眼镜的
be. spoke /bi`spok; bi'speuk/ adj especially BrE (of clothes)
specially made to someone's measurements; MADE-TO
MEASURE【尤英】〔衣服〕订做的 — compare 比较 off the peg
(PEG1)
*best1/bast; best/ adj(superlative of GOOD, GOOD的最高级) 1 the
highest in quality, skill, or effectiveness; the most good最好
的，最佳的，最优秀的，至上的：the best tennis player in the
world 世界最佳网球选手 | the best man I ever knew 我所认识
0142
的最好的人 | She's my best friend. 她是我的至交。| This has
been the company's best year ever. 这是公司历来生意最兴隆
的一年。| What's the best way to get there?怎样去那里最好？
see also 另见 SECOND BEST 2 the best part of most of ··的
大半：··的绝大部分； I haven't seen her for the best part of a
month. 我大半个月都没有看到她了。3 the best things in life
are free an old saying 生活中最好的东西不用花钱〔谚语〕
*best2 adv (superlative of WELL, WELL 的最高级) 1 in the best
way (··得) 最好：The one who does best will get the prize. 干
得最出色的人将会得奖。2 to the greatest degree; most 最，极
Tuesday would suit me best. 星期二对我最合适。| You can't
argue with him -- he always thinks he knows best. 你没法和
他争辩——他总认为自己知道得最清楚。| She chose the more
expensive one. for reasons best known to herself. (=she
knows why, but no one else does)出于只有她自己才晓得的原
因，她挑选了价钱比较昂贵的那一个。| one of our best-lovea
national monuments 我们最喜爱的国家纪念碑之一 3 BrE【英】
as best one can as well as one can尽最大努力，竭力：Do it as
best you can. 尽力而为吧。4 had best ought to; had better
(BETTER2)最好·，宜·
*best3 n best 1 [the] the greatest degree of good 最佳；至上；至
善：Only the best is good enough for her. 只有最好的才能够符
合她的要求。| We all want the best for our children. 我们都
希望给自己的孩子以最美好的东西。| We can't go to Spain, but
perhaps it's all for the best. (=it's a good thing really)我们去
不成西班牙了，但也许这倒是件好事。2[the+C] a person or thing
that is best 最好的人；最佳之物：Even the best of us sometimes
forgets things. 甚至我们当中的佼佼者也未必什么都记得住。
They're all good players, but he's definitely the best of the
bunch. 他们全是优秀选手，但他无疑是其中的尖子。| dressed
in my (Sunday) best(=my best clothes) 穿着我最好的衣服
He's not very cheerful (even) at the best of times. (=when
things are most favourable)即使在最顺利的时候，他也不面露
喜色。3 [S] one's best effort or best state 最大的努力；最佳的
状态，巅峰：I'll do/try my best to finish it on time. 我会尽力按
时把它完成。| I'm never at my best early in the morning. 在
大清早我从来不处于最佳状态。| The garden's at its best in
spring. 春天是花园中景色最美的时候。| I can't possibly pay
you $100 for it; $75 is the best (=the most) I can offer you. 我
不可能出100美元买你这件东西，我至多能付75美元。|10. 3sec
onds is my personal best(=the fastest I have ever run) in the
hundrea yard dash. 10秒3是我个人100米短跑的最好成绩。
4 All the best! (used when saying goodbye) I wish you suc-
cess and happiness!〔用于告别时)祝一切顺利！万事如意！ 5 at
best in the most favourable conditions or according to the most
favourable judgment 在最有利的情况下；据最好的估计，充其量，
至多：This is, at best, only a temporary solution. 这充其量不
过是临时的解决办法。| His answers were at best evasive (=this
s the most favourable thing that can be said about them), at
worst downright misleading. 他的回答往好里说是含糊其词，往
坏里说就完全是误导。6 have/get the best of infml to win or
succeed at/in【非正式】赢得；在··中取胜[占上风]；取得··优势
When we exchanged rooms I got the best of the bargain
because her old room was nicer. 我们交换房间时我占了便宜，
因为她的旧房间比我的好。7 make the best of to do as well as
one can with (a thing or situation that is unsatisfactory)善用，
尽可能设法利用〔不能令人满意的事物或处境)：We must try to
make the best of things until we can afford a bigger house. 在
我们能买得起一所较大的房子之前，我们应该尽量利用目前的条件
把住处安排得像样一些。8 make the best of a bad job to accept. 
especially in a cheerful way, bad or unsatisfactory conditions
and do the best one can in the situation. 对逆境以乐观态度泰然
处之，善处逆境；在困境中尽力补救 9 the best of both worlds/
of all possible worlds the advantages of two different situa-
tions/of every possible situation, especially without their dis-
advantages 两全其美；各取其长； He lives on a farm and works
in a big city, so he has the best of both worlds. 他住在农庄而
在大城市工作，因此他享受着两者的优点。10 to the best of one's
knowledge/belief/ability as far as one knows/believes/is able
就某人所知[所信、能力所及]； I will do the work to the best of
my ability, 我会竭尽全力做好此工作。 — see also 另见 six of
the best (SIX)
best'y [T] old use in BrE, not unusual in AmE to defeat【英旧
般美】击败，胜过：After a long struggle, we bested them. 经
过一番苦斗，我们打败了他们。
Best, George (1946-) a football player from Northern Ire. 
land who played for Manchester United in the 1960s and is
considered to be one of the greatest players ever. He was often
seen in the newspapers, photographed with attractive young
women, but he also drank too much alcohol, and he stopped
playing football when he was still young. 贝斯特〔 (1946- )，
来自北爱尔兰的足球运动员，20世纪60年代曾效力于曼彻斯特
联队，被认为是有史以来最佳球员之一。他与美女的照片常常见
报，但他还酗酒，很早就退出了球坛〕
best be. fore date /. / n a date stamped onto food and
drink containers, showing the date before which the product
should be eaten or drunk〔印在食物或饮料容器上的〕食品保质
期：There's no best before date on these beans. 这些豆子上没
有标出保质期
best friend /，'/ n 1 the special friend that a child likes most
(孩子)最好的朋友：Who's your best friend, Jimmy?谁是你最
好的朋友，吉米？2 best friends very friendly, especially after
an argument 言归于好：They're best friends again now. 他们
现在又言归于好了。
bes·ti·al /^`bastiel; 'bestial/ adj 1 of or like an animal 野兽的，兽
性的；野兽般的2(of human beings and their behaviour) very
cruel or inhuman; BRUTAL〔人及其行为〕残忍的；野蛮的；兽性
的：bestial cruelty 兽性般的残暴 — ~ly adv
bes·ti·al·i·ty /besti`eletr;besti'aelti/n [U] 1 derog the state
of being bestial【贬】兽性；残忍 2 sexual relations between a
human being and an animal 人兽交合，兽奸
bes·ti·ar·y /`besti Eri; 'bestieri/ n a book (especially of the
Middle Ages in Europe) with information about animals that
is intended to amuse people or to teach moral lessons〔尤指欧
洲中世纪的〕动物寓言集
be·stir /bi`st3; bi'st3:/ v-rr- [T] fml to cause (oneself) to move
quickly or become active【正式】使〔自己〕发奋，振作：We must
bestir ourselves(to finish the job). 我们必须振作起来（完成那
件工作)。
best man/ '/ n the man who helps the BRIDEGROOM (=the
man getting married) at a wedding ceremony. The best man is
usually a friend of the bridegroom, and he is responsible for
making sure that the bridegroom arrives at the wedding and
for giving him the wedding ring during the ceremony. He usu-
ally makes an amusing speech after the ceremony. People some-
times make jokes about the best man losing the wedding ring. 
〔婚礼时陪伴新郎的〕男傧相〔一般为新郎的朋友，他负责确保新郎
准时到达婚礼现场，婚礼上给新郎递结婚戒指。婚礼过后他常作一
段有趣的演说，人们有时用男傧相弄丢了结婚戒指来开玩笑〕-
compare 比较 BRIDESMAID, FLOWER GIRL, MATRON OF HONOUR
PAGE BOY
be·stow /bi`sto; bi'steu/ v [T (on, upon)] fml to give【正式】给
予，赠给；授予：Several gifts were bestowed on the royal visi-
tors. 有好几样礼物赠给皇室宾客。 — ~al n[U]
be. strew /bi`stru; bi'stru:/v bestrewed, bestrewn /bi`strun
bi'stru:n/ or bestrewed [T] lit【文】1 to lie scattered over 散布
在·之上，撒满于··之上：Flowers bestrewed the grave of the
dead soldier. 阵亡士兵墓上撒满了鲜花。2 [(with)] to scatter
things over (a surface); STREW 把·撒于(·的表面)：They
bestrewed the grave with flowers. 他们将花撒在坟墓上
be. stride /bi`straid; bi'straid/ v bestrode /bi`strod; bi'streud/. 
bestridden /bi`stridn; bi'stridn/ [T] fml to sit or stand on or
over (a thing) with legs apart; STRADDLE【正式】叉开腿跨骑[跨
立]于··上：to bestride a horse/a fence 跨在马上[围栏上]
best-sel-ler /'/ n 1 something (especially a book) that sells
in very large numbers 畅销品〔尤指畅销书)2 a writer or per-
former whose work sells very well 畅销书作家；畅销唱片灌制
者〔指歌星等〕 - -ling adj: a best-selling novelist 畅销小说作
bet'/bt; bet/ n 1 [(on)] an agreement to risk money on the
result of a future event, by which the person who guesses
wrongly gives the money to the other person 打赌：We had/We
made a bet on the outcome of the next election. 我们就下次选
举的结果打了赌。| to place a bet(with a bookmaker) （向赛马
赌注登记经纪人)下赌注 | to win/lose a bet 赌赢[输] 2 a sum
of money risked in this way 赌金，赌注：a f5 bet 五英镑赌金 3
a future result that is expected 预期的结果，推测：[+(that)] My
bet (=my opinion) is that she'll be well known in a few years
time. 我的预测是她用不了几年就会出名。| It's a safe bet(=cer
tain) that he'll turn up drunk tonight. 毫无疑问，他今晚会喝得
酩酊大醉。| He may be very charming, but he's a bad betfor
marriage. (=he will not be a good husband)他也许很有魅力，
但不会是理想的丈夫。4 infml a plan of action【非正式】办法
Your best bet is to say nothing about it. 你最好的办法就是对
此事闭口不谈。 — see also 另见 hedge one's bets (HEDGE2)
bet2y bet or betted; present participle betting 1 [I; T (on)] to
risk (money) on the result of a future event 下赌注；（与·. ）打
赌：I bet （￡5） on a horse called Silver Star, but it came in
last!我把（五英镑）赌注下在一匹叫做银星的马上，可它竟然跑了
个倒数第一名！| [+obj(i)+obj(d)+(that)] I'll bet you ￡5 that
0143
you can't do it. 我与你赌五英镑，你干不了这件事。2 IT (+obj
+that] to state confidently (what will happen or has happened);
PREDICT 敢于肯定〔将发生或已发生的事)；预言：I/I'll bet that
it will rain tomorrow/I/I'll bet it rains tomorrow,我敢肯定明
天一定下雨。| I bet you she won't agree. 我有把握对你说她是
不会同意的。| If there's any hard work to be done, you can
bet he won't come. 如果有什么艰苦工作要做的话，你可以肯定
他是不会来的。| I'll bet you didn't think I'd be back so soon
我敢肯定你没想到过我会这么快回来。3bet your boots/bottom
dollar/shirt/ass infml to be certain【非正式】确信，确有把握：You
can bet your boots that he'll be late again. 准没错，他肯定又
要迟到的。4 You bet slang you can be sure; certainly【俚】的
确，当然，一定：“Will you tell her?”“You bet (I will)”,“你会
告诉她吗？”“当然（会）啦。
be. ta /`bete; 'bi:te/ n the second letter(B, β) of the Greek alpha. 
bet, sometimes used in Britain as a mark for better than ave
rage work by a student 希腊字母表的第二个字母〔在英国有时
用以表示学生的乙等成绩〕
beta-block. er /'·，·/ n a drug used for preventing HEART AT. 
TACKSβ阻断药〔一种用以预防心脏病的药物)
be·take /bitek: bi'teik/ y betook /bi`tuk: bi'tok/ betaken /bi-
`teken; bi'teiken/ betake oneself lit to go【文】去，往，赴：He
betook himself to the palace to see the king. 他前往王宫觐见
国王。
be·tel /`bitl; 'bi:tl/ n [U] a leaf which is wrapped round pieces
of bitter red nut (betel nut) and other things, and is chewed
(CHEW) by people in India and Southeast Asia because it has
some of the effects of a drug 蒟酱叶，蒌叶〔在印度及东南亚，人
们用此叶包卷槟榔果等物来咀嚼，因为它有某种药效〕
bete-noire /，bet `nwar;bet `nwa:/n betes-noires /，bat `nwarz;
bet 'nwa:z/ Fr the person or thing one dislikes most【法】为人
最厌恶或憎恨的人[事物]
Beth. a·ny /`b0eni; 'be0ani/ a village near Jerusalem and the
MOUNT OF OLIVES, where several of the important events of
the New Testament took place 贝瑟尼〔耶路撒冷和橄榄山附近
的一个村庄，《新约》中记载的一些重大事件发生在此地〕
beth·el /`ba0el; 'be0al/ n 1 especially BrE a place of worship
for Christian Nonconformists【尤英】非英国国教基督徒的礼拜
堂 2 especially AmE (often cap. 常用大写) a place of worship
for sailors【尤美】海员的礼拜堂
be·think /br`0ink; br'0ink/v bethought /br`0ot; br'05:t/ bethink
oneself of lit or old use to think about; consider【文或旧】想到
考虑：You should bethink yourself of your duty, my lord! 大
人，您应当考虑到您的职责
Beth-le·hem /`be0lihem: 'be0lihem/ a town on the W Bank of
the River Jordan, near Jerusalem, thought to be where Jesus
Christ was born 伯利恒〔耶路撒冷附近，约旦河西岸一城镇，相
传为耶稣基督的出生地) — see also 另见 O LITTLE TOWN OF
BETHLEHEM
be·tide /br`taid; bi'taid/ y [I] lit【文】1 to happen 发生：We shall
remain friends whatever may betide. 无论发生什么事，我们将
依然是朋友。2 woe betide you/him/them etc especially lit or
humor you/he/they etc will be in trouble【尤文或幽】愿天降祸
于你[他；他们]：Woe betide them if they're late!如果他们迟到
的话，就让他们活该倒霉！
be·times /bi`taimz; bi'taimz/ adv lit early; in good time【文】早
及时，适时
Be·tie·man /`betfimen: 'betfmen/. Sir John (1906-1984) a
British poet who became Poet Laureate (=the poet employed
by the Queen to write special poems on important occasions),
and who is known for his humorous poems about British soci-
ety贝杰曼〔(1906-1984)，英国桂冠诗人，以描述英国社会的幽默
诗篇闻名〕
be·to·ken /bi`token; bi'teuken/ v [T] fiml to be a sign of【正式】
预示；显示·的征兆：black clouds that betoken a storm 预示着
暴风雨即将来临的乌云
be. tray /bi`tre; bi'trei/ v [T(to)] 1 to be disloyal or unfaithful to
对··不忠；背叛：To betray one's friends/one's principles 背叛
朋友[原则]2 to hand over to the power of an enemy by disloy
alty 叛卖，出卖：The resistance group was betrayed (to the
government) by one of its own members. 抵抗组织被其内部-
名成员出卖（给政府）了。3 to give away or make known(es-
pecially a secret)泄露（尤指秘密）：He betrayed the plans to
enemy agents. 他把计划泄露给了敌方的间谍。4 to be a sign of
(something one would like to hide); show the real feelings or
intentions of 暴露〔欲隐藏的事)，表现出··的真实情感[意图]
Her trembling hands betrayed her nervousness (to him). 她
颤抖的双手（向他）表明了她的紧张不安。|[+wh-] Her expres-
sion betrayed how angry she really was. 她的神情暴露出她内
心是多么愤怒。| He tried to seem angry, but his smile be
trayed him. 他尽力显出发怒的样子，但他脸上的笑容使他露了马
脚。 — ~er n
be. tray. al /bi`treel; bi'treiel/n [C; U] (an example of) the act of
betraying 背叛，出卖；泄露；暴露：a betrayal of my principles
对我的原则的背弃行为
be-troth /bi`tro0; bi'treuo/ v[T (to)] old use to promise to marry
or give in marriage【旧】许配；给·定亲；和·订婚：Her father
betrothed her to him at an early age. 父亲在她年幼时已把她
许配给他。| a betrothed couple 已订了婚的一对男女 | He
kissed his betrothed. (=the woman he was betrothed to)他吻
了他的未婚妻。 — ~al n [C; U]: to celebrate their betrothal 庆
祝他们俩订婚
*bet·ter'/bete: 'bete/ adi 1 (comparative of GOOD. GOOD的比
较级) higher in quality, skill, or effectiveness; more good 较好
的，更好的：Their house is better than ours. 他们的房子比我们
的好。| The sales figures are better than expected. 销售额比
所预料的要好。| I'm worse at sums than Jean, but better at
history. 我的算术比琼差，但历史比她强。| I know a better way
to do it. 我知道干这事有更好的方法。| He's no better than
(=almost as bad as) a thief. 他比小偷好不了多少。| You'll feel
all the better for a breath of fresh air. 你呼吸一阵新鲜空气就
会感觉好些。2 [F] (comparative of WELL, WELL 的比较级) a
improved in health 〔健康状况)有所好转的：I'm feeling a little
better today. 我今天觉得好一些。b completely well agair
after an illness 痊愈的，康复的； Now that he's better he can
play football again. 他既然康复了，就可以再踢足球了。3 be
better than one's word to do more than one has promised做
的比许诺的还要多 4 Better luck next time!(said to encour
age someone who has done badly this time in an examination. 
race,competition etc)下次好运！〔用来鼓励在这次考试、竞赛等
中失败了的人)5 for better or for worse a phrase from the
Christian marriage service. The people getting married prom-
ise to love each other 'for better or for worse'(=if things are
good or bad). 不管发生什么；无论顺境逆境〔基督教结婚典礼上
说的话，新人起誓无论顺境逆境都要彼此相爱)6no better than
she should be old-fash euph infml of low sexual morals【过
时，婉，非正式】〔指女人〕淫荡的；行为不正派的7 the better part
of more than half 多半，大半：I haven't seen him for the better
part of a month! 我已有大半个月没有见到他了！ — compare
比较WORSE
*better2 adv (comparative of WELL, WELL 的比较级) 1 in a bet
ter way 更好地； It works better if you put a bit of oil in. 你要是
加进一点儿油，它会运转得更好。| He swims better than he used
to. 他游泳游得比过去好。| You would do better (=it would be
better/wiser) to get some professional advice. 你要是听听专
业人士的意见可能会更明智。2 to a greater degree更，更加：更
多：She knows the story better than I do. 对那件事她比我知道
得更清楚。| She got the job because she was better qualified
than the others. 她得到这个职位是由于她比别人更符合条件。|
He has written several novels. but he is better known for his
plays. 他写过几部小说，但使他更出名的是他的剧本。3 go one
better (than) infml to do better(than)【非正式】（比·. ）做得更
好：That was a good story, but I can go one better. 那个故事
写得不错，不过我可以写个更好的。4 had better ought to; should
应该：最好还是：You'd better go home now,现在你该回家了。
We'd better not tell him. 我们最好还是不告诉他。|“I won't
forget again, I promise. ”“You'd better not!”“我保证再也不
会忘记了。”“你可是别再忘了！” — compare 比较 WORSE
USAGE 用法说明 1 Had better is one of the most com-
mon expressions in conversation when giving firm advice
about what a person should or ought to do, especially to
avoid some problem, unpleasantness, or danger. had bet-
ter 是谈话中要作出坚决的劝导时最常见的表达方式之一。它
表示某人尤其为了避免某种难题、不快或危险时而理应做什
么，或应当做什么：You'd better leave now before you
cause any more trouble. (你还是趁着没惹起更多的麻烦时
赶紧离开为妙。) | You'd better give me your telephone
number in case someone wants to contact you,(你最好还
是把你的电话号码给我，说不定有人想和你联系。)A diffe-
rence between had better on the one hand, and should and
ought to on the other, is that had better is only used to
talk about present or future time, but should and ought to
can also talk about the past. had better 跟 should 和 ought
to 之间的区别在于，had better 只用于指现在或将来，而
should 和 ought to 则还可以用于指过去。We can say 我们
可以说 You should have called me before you left. （你走
之前就应该打电话给我的。)| She ought to have told her
mother she was pregnant. (她本该把怀孕的事告诉她母亲的。)
0144
Had better can't be used in this way. had better 则不可以
这样使用。2 Had better is not used to compare two courses
of action. Instead we use expressions like 在比较两种行为
过程时我们不用 had better 而是使用诸如 It would be bet-
ter to, You'd be better to, or 或 Your best plan would
be to 等表达方式：“Do you think I should fly directly to
Australia or break my journey in Hong Kong?” \"It would
be better to/You'd be better to/Your best plan would
be to spend a few days in Hong Kong. There are so many
things to see there. ”(“你认为我应该直接飞往澳洲，还是中
途在香港停留一下？”“你最好是在香港停留几天，那儿可看的
东西太多啦。”)
better3 n 1 [the] a person or thing that is better 较好的人[东西]
Which is the better of these two cars?这两辆汽车中哪一辆比
较好？|There's been a change for the better(=an improve-
ment) in his health. 他的健康状况已经有所好转。2 for better
or (for) worse whatever happens: whether one likes it or not
无论发生什么；不管是好是歹3[the] get the better of to defeat
(someone) or deal successfully with (a difficulty)胜过，打败
〔某人)；成功地解决〔困难)：I wouldn't argue with her if I were
you -- she'll get the better of you! 我要是你的话，就不会和她
争辩——你说不过她的！ — see also另见 BETTERS;compare 比
较WORSE2
better4y fml【正式】1 [I; T] to (cause to) improve 改善；改进：a
policy aimed at bettering the lot of the poorest nations一项
旨在改善极贫困国家命运的政策 — compare 比较 WORSEN 2 [T]
to go beyond in quality; SURPASS 胜过，超过，优于：This year's
results are unlikely to be bettered. 今年的成绩不大可能被超
过。3 better oneself: a to earn more money 赚更多的钱，获得
更高的薪金 b to educate oneself 自求上进，充实自己 — ~ment
n[U]
Better Busi-ness Bu. reau, the /. . ·. / a US organization
for businesses and their customers. When customers believe
they have been treated unfairly by a company or have bought a
bad product, they often ask the Better Business Bureau for
advice. 商业监督局〔美国一家为商家及顾客而设立的机构，顾客
如果认为受到商家不公正对待或购买了劣质产品，可去该局寻求解
决办法〕
better half /· '·/ n infml, humor one's husband or wife【非正
式，幽】妻子；丈夫；老伴：Hello, George! Where's your better
half?喂，乔治！你老婆呢？
Better Homes and Gar-dens /. . . . / a US magazine with
lots of pictures of beautiful houses, and articles about how to
make your home more beautiful. There is a similar magazine
in the UK called HOMES AND GARDENS. 《美化宅院》〔美国杂志，
刊有大量美丽住宅的照片以及如何美化家庭的文章。英国一本类
似的杂志名为《宅院》〕
bet·ter·ment /`batoment; 'betement/ n [U] fml improvement. 
especially in the financial situation of a person or a country
【正式】〔尤指个人或国家在经济上的〕提高，改善：The discovery
of oil offers the hope of economic betterment. 石油的发现有
望改善经济局势
bet·ters /`bato-z; 'betez/ n [P] people of higher rank or greater
worth (than someone)上司；比自己好的人：to be polite to one's
elders and betters 对长辈和上级彬彬有礼
betting shop /'. . / n a place where the business of taking BETS
on horse races and other competitions is carried on. Betting
shops are found in towns and cities in Britain. 赌注登记处，博
彩店〔赌赛马或其他比赛的场所，遍布英国的城镇〕
Bet. ty Boop /beti `bup; beti 'bu:p/ a US CARTOON STRIP char-
acter originally drawn in 1930. Betty Boop is a sexually at-
tractive, slightly silly young woman with a very short dress
short curled black hair, and large eyes. She often says 'Boop-
Boop-A-Doop'. 贝蒂·布普〔美国连环漫画中的人物，最初创作于
1930年。她是一个性感并稍带点傻气的年轻女子，身穿很短的裙
头短而卷曲的黑发，眼睛大大的，常发出“布一布一阿一杜”的声
音〕
Betty Crock. er /beti `krake; beti 'kroke/ a US company that
makes mixes (MIX), sold in packets, for cakes and other sweet
baked foods such as MUFFINS and BROWNIES贝蒂妙厨公司〔美
国的一家包装食品制造商、生产蛋糕及其他如松饼、果仁巧克力蛋
糕等烘制甜点的包装混合粉〕
Bet. ty Ford Clin. ic, the /beti ford `klimik; beti fo:rd 'klinik
an expensive hospital in the US where rich and famous people
go for treatment to help them stop drinking too much alcohol
or taking illegal drugs 贝蒂·福特诊所〔美国一家收费昂贵的医
院，名流巨富在那里接受戒酒或戒毒的治疗
*be. tween' /be`twin; br'twi:n/ prep 1 a in or into the space or
time that separates〔表示空间或时间的间隔)在··之间：standing
between Sue and Brian 站在苏与布赖恩之间 | It happened
between five and six o'clock in the morning. 这事发生在早晨
5点至6点之间。| between five and six miles away 有5至6英
里远| You shouldn't eat between meals. 你不该在两餐之间吃
零食。|I hope nothing ever comes between us. (=separates
us)我希望我们之间永无隔阂。b in the range that separates (two
things or amounts)在〔两种事物或数量〕之间：It will cost be-
tween 8 and 10 million dollars. 这将要花费 800万至1000万
美元。2(showing connection 表示关系，联系)：a regular air
service between London and Paris 来往于伦敦与巴黎之间的
定期班机飞行| a friendship between Sue and Brian 苏与布赖
恩之间的友谊 | talks between the management and the unions
资方与工会之间的谈判| co-operation between the two com-
panies 两家公司之间的合作 3(showing division or sharing be-
tween two or more 表示分配，或在二者或数者之间分享)：Di-
vide it between the children. 把它分给孩子们。| a choice be-
tween two possibilities 两种可能性之间的抉择 | What's the
difference between spaghetti and noodles?意大利面条与普通
面条有什么区别？| a guarrel between Sue and Brian 苏与布
赖恩之间的争吵 | a football match between Manchester
United and Liverpool 曼彻斯特联队与利物浦队之间的足球赛
| They all did the job between them. 他们是大家一齐动手做这
件工作的。| Between us, we collected ￡17. 我们共募集到17
英镑。| Between cooking, writing, and running the farm, she
was very busy. 她既要做饭、写作，又要经营农场，忙得不可开交。
4 between a rock and a hard place AmE infml in a situatior
where both of two possible choices seem undesirable【美，非正
式】左右为难，进退两难 5 between you and me also 又作 be-
tween you, me, and the gatepost/bedpost, between ourselves
infml without anyone else knowing; privately【非正式】你我私
下说说，不让其他人知道：私下里：Between you and me. (I think)
he's rather stupid. 这是我们私下里说的话，（我认为）他很笨。6
in between at some point (e. g. in space or time) between 介于
·之间；在其间：I'm not sure where it is, but it's somewhere
in between New York and Chicago,我不能肯定它在哪儿，总
之是在纽约和芝加哥之间的某个地方。| She did a university de-
gree and a teacher's training course, with a year off in be-
tween (the two). 她取得了一个大学学位，然后又修读了一个教
师训练课程，在此（二者）之间她曾休学一年。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 among and 和 between. 
When you are talking about only two things (or people)
use between. 当你仅谈及两个东西或人时，使用 between:
He divided the money between the two children. (他把钱
分给了那两个孩子。) If you are talking about a group of three
or more things (or people) use among. 如果你谈及3个或3
个以上的东西或人时，使用 among: He divided the money
among the three children. (他把钱分给了那3个孩子。)
The mountains were hidden among the clouds. (群山隐没
在云层之中。)
between2 adv in or into a space or period of time that is between
(指空间或时间)在其间，当中，中间：I ate breakfast and dinner
but nothing (in) between. 我吃了早餐和晚餐，但在这中间却未
吃过任何东西。 — see also 另见 few and far between (FEW)
be·twixt /be`twikst; bi'twikst/ also 又作 twixt -- prep, adv old
use or poet between【旧或诗】在·之间；在其间：not a sailor
nor a soldier but something betwixt and between (=partly
one and partly the other)既不是水手也不是士兵，但两样都沾点
边儿
Bev·an /`byen: 'bevan/, A·neu·rin /e`nairin; e'naiern/ (1897. 
1960) also called Nye, a British politician in the Labour Party
who is known for starting the NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE when
he was Minister of Health from 1945 to 1951. Members of the
Labour Party with LEFT-WING opinions used to be called
Bevanites. 比万〔(1897-1960)，又叫做奈，英国工党政治家，以
1945年至1951年任卫生大臣期间创立国民保健制度而闻名，左
翼工党成员过去被称为Bevanites(比万派)〕
bev-el'/`bevl; 'beval/ n 1 a sloping edge or surface that does
not form a right angle, usually along the edge of wood or glass
〔常见于木材或玻璃边缘上的〕倾斜边，斜面2 an instrument for
making such a sloping edge or surface 斜角规
bevel2ν-ll- BrE【英】‖ -l- AmE【美】[T] to make a bevel on (e. g. 
a piece of wood)斜切，将··切成斜面[斜角]- bevelled adj:a
bevelled mirror 边缘切成斜面的镜子
bev·er·age /`beyrid3: 'bevarid3/n fml a liquid for drinking. 
especially one that is not water or medicine【正式】饮料：alco
holic beverages 含酒精的饮料| hot beverages(=tea, coffee
etc)热饮（料）（如茶、咖啡等）
0145
Bev. e. ridge Re. port, the /`baverid3 ri,port; 'bevarid3 ri,po:t/
an important report produced by the British ECONOMIST Wil. 
liam Beveridge in 1942. It introduced the idea of the WEL
FARE STATE (=the idea that the government should provide free
health care, and money for old people and for people who can-
not get a job). 《贝弗里奇报告》〔英国经济学家威廉·贝弗里奇于
1942年所作的一份重要报告。报告提出了建立福利国家的想法
即政府应当提供免费医疗，并为老人和失业者提供救济〕
Bev·er·ly Hill-bil-lies, The /byeli`hilbiliz: beveli 'hilbiliz
a popular and funny US television programme of the 1960s
and 1970s in which a poor family discover oil on their land. 
become rich, and move to Beverly Hills《贝弗利乡巴佬》〔20世
纪60、70年代很受欢迎的一出美国滑稽电视节目，讲述一户贫苦
人家在自己的地下发现石油，致富后移居贝弗利山庄的故事)
Beverly Hills /，bevali `hilz; beveli 'hilz/ an expensive part of
Los Angeles, California where many famous film stars live贝
弗利山〔加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的一处高级住宅区，为许多著名影星
的聚居地〕
bev·y /`bavi; 'bevi/ n [C+sing. /pl. v]1 a large group or collection
especially of girls or women 〔尤指少女或妇女的)一群：a bevy
of beauties 一群美女 2 a group of certain kinds of birds, espe-
cially QUAIL〔鹌鹑等某一种鸟类的)一群 3 dial slang an alco-
holic drink【方言，俚】酒
be. wail /bi`wel; bi'weil/ v [T] fml to express deep sorrow for or
disappointment about, sometimes by crying tears【正式】为·
而悲伤，为··而痛哭；哀悼；悲叹
be·ware /bi`wer; bi'wee/ v [I (of); T+wh-; bj] (used, with no
change of form, in giving or reporting warnings 用于提醒他人
当心等时其形式无变化) to be very careful 谨防，当心，注意：Be·
ware of the dog. 当心有狗。| Beware how you handle this
dangerous substance. 注意你处理这种危险品的方法。
be·wigged /bi`wigd; bi'wigd/ adjlit or humor wearing a WIG
【文或幽】戴假发的
be. wil. der /bi`wilde; bi'wilde/ v [T] to confuse, especially by
the presence of many different things at the same time 使迷惑
使昏乱〔尤指同一时间出现多种事物时)：Big city traffic bewil-
ders me. 大城市的交通使我晕头转向。| a bewildering mass of
details 令人感到茫无头绪的大量细节 | a bewildered look 困
惑的神情 — ~ment n [U]: Imagine my bewilderment when
she said that!你想像一下,她那样说时把我搞得多糊涂!
be. witch /bi`witf; bi'witf/ v [T] 1 to have a magic effect on:
put under one's power by magic 施魔力于；使着魔 2 to charm
as if by magic 使着迷，使心醉：a bewitching smile 使人着迷的
微笑
*be. yond' /bi`jand; bi'jond/ adv on or to the further side; fur-
ther 在更远处；往更远处；再往前去；在那边：They crossed the
mountains and travelled to the valleys beyond. 他们越过群
山，到了那边的谷地。| (fig. 喻) to prepare for the changes of
te 1990s and beyon为20世纪90年代及以后的转变而做准
备
*beyond2 prep 1 on or to the further side of 在[向]··的那一边
越过·：What lies beyond the mountains?山的那一边是什么？
2 later than; past; after 迟于；过了··以后：Don't stay there
beyond midnight. 不要过了午夜还留在那儿。| The new law
extends this ban beyond 1998. 新的法律将这条禁令延长至 1998
年后。3 more or greater than (an amount or limit)超出〔某种数
量、限度)：The level of inflation has gone beyond 10%，通货
膨胀的水平已超出10%。| people who continue to work be. 
yond the normal retirement age 超过规定的退休年龄而继续工
作的人 4 outside the range or limits of 超出··的范围，非··可
及：The switch on the wall was beyond the baby's reach. 装在
墙上的开关婴儿是摸不到的。| The town had changedbevond
recognition. (=so much that it could not be recognized)这个
城镇已变得使人认不出来了。| His guilt has been established
beyond reasonable doubt . (=with certainty)他的罪行已被无
可置疑地证实。|It's beyond belief(=impossible to believe)
that anyone could be so stupid. 有人居然会这么愚蠢，这真令
人难以置信。| success beyond our wildest dreams (=far bet-
ter than we could have expected)大大超出我们预料的成功[
It's beyond me (=too hard for me to understand) why she
married him. 她为什么嫁给他，这我就不懂了。5 besides; ex
cept for 除·以外：I own nothing beyond the clothes on my 
back. 除了身上穿的衣服之外，我一无所有。| I can't tell you
anything beyond what you know already,除了你已经知道的
以外，我无可奉告了
beyond3 n [the] (often cap. 常用大写) life after death; HEREAF-
TER2来世，再生：What can we know of the beyond?我们对来
世能知道些什么呢？ — see also 另见 BACK OF BEYOND
Beyond the Fringe /'/ a humorous show for the theatre in
the 1960s, written and performed by Alan BENNETT, Jonathan
MILLER, Peter COOK, and Dudley MOORE. They invented a new
style of humour which was unusual and clever, and which in-
fluenced many later British COMEDIANS《天边外》〔20世纪60
年代的一部滑稽舞台剧，由艾伦·贝内特、乔纳森·米勒、彼得·库克
和达德利·穆尔编写并演出。他们创造了一种新的幽默方式，独特
而且巧妙，影响了后来众多的英国喜剧演员)
be·zique /be`zik; b'zi:k/ n [U] a card game for two or fou
plavers, plaved with 64 cards 比齐克牌戏〔2人或4人玩的一种
纸牌游戏，共用64张牌〕
BFA /bi sf`e; bi: ef: 'ei/ n abbrev. for 缩写= Bachelor of Fine
Arts; a degree given by some US universities for studies in art
music, and acting. BFA is sometimes written after someone's
name to show that they have this degree. 美艺术学士〔美国一些
大学的学位，授予学习艺术、音乐及表演的学生，有时置于人名后
以表示拥有该学位〕
BFG, the /bi sf`d3i; bi: ef'd3i:/ a children's story by ROALD
DAHL about a GIANT (=extremely large tall man) who is called
the BFG because he is a big friendly giant and is not bad or
frightening like most giants《友善的巨人》〔罗阿尔德·达尔撰写
的儿童故事，讲述一个叫做BFG的巨人，因为他是个高大(Big)
友善(Friendly)的巨人(Giant),不像大多数巨人那样邪恶，令人
害怕〕
BFl, the /，bi f`ar; bi: ef 'ai/ the British Film Institute; a British
organization which was started in 1933 to encourage people to
make films, and which includes the NATIONAL FILM THEATRE
英国电影协会〔创建于1933年，其目的是鼓励人们制作电影。该
协会拥有国家电影院
BFPO /，bi af pi `o; bi: ef pi: 'eu/ British Forces Post Office:
used as part of the address of someone in the British army 英军
邮局〔用作英国军队现役人员地址的一部分〕 — compare 比较
APO,FPO
Bhag. a·vad-Gi·ta, the /bagevad `gite;bageved 'gi:te/ one
of the most important holy books of the Hindu religion《薄伽
梵歌》〔印度教最重要的宗教书籍之一
Bhagwan - see参 RAJNEESH
bha-ji, bhajee /`bad3i; 'ba:d3i/ n a SPICY (=strongly tasting and
smelling) Indian vegetable cake fried in BATTER (=a liquid
mixture of flour, egg, and milk or water)印式油饼〔蔬菜外裹以
面糊油炸而成的一种印度食品，味辛辣)：mushroom/onion bhaji
印式蘑菇[洋葱]油饼
bhang /baen; baen/ n [U] a not very strong form of the drug
CANNABIS used in India 大麻烟〔印度人用的以大麻制成的一种
不太强烈的麻醉品〕 — compare 比较 HASHISH,MARIJUANA
Bhan-gra /bangre; 'bangre/ a style of popular music in the UK
that combines western music with traditional music from In-
dia 彭戈拉音乐〔英国的一种流行音乐风格，融合了西方音乐与传
统的印度音乐〕
Bho. pal /bo`pal; beu'pa: l/ a city in the north of India, where in
1984 over 2000 people died after poisonous gas escaped from
a factory owned by Union Carbide, an American-owned com-
pany博帕尔〔印度北部城市，1984年，美国的联合碳化物公司设
在该城的一家工厂泄漏毒气，导致2000多人死亡〕
BHS /bi etf`s; bi: eitf 'es/ trademark British Home Stores; a
large store in many UK towns, which mainly sells clothes but
also things for the home【商标】英国家庭用品商店〔在英国许多
城镇都有分号的大型商店，主要出售服装，也出售家居用品)
Bhu·mi·bol /`pumi. pon: 'pu:mi. peun/ King A·dul·ya. dej
/a`dunle, det; a:'dunle, deit/(1927-)the king of Thailand since
1946, who is greatly respected by his people and has been king
for longer than anyone in Thailand's history 普密蓬〔 (1927-)
泰国国王，1946年至今一直在位。他极受人民尊敬，是泰国历史
上在位时间最长的国王〕
Bhu. tan /bu`tan; bu:'ta:n/ a mountainous country in the
Himalayas, surrounded by India, China, and Sikkim. Population:
1,700,000(1995). Capital:Thimbu. 不丹〔地处喜马拉雅山脉的
个山区国家，与印度、中国、锡金接壤。人口：1,700,000(1995)，
首都：廷布〕
Bhut. to /`buto; 'bu:teu/, Ben. a. zir /`bnaezi; 'benaezie/
(1953-)the leader of the Pakistan People's Party, which was
started by her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. She also became
Prime Minister in 1988， and in 1993 she was elected a second
time, but in 1996 she was forced to leave her position because
some people believed she had used government money
dishonestly. 布托〔(1953-)，巴基斯坦人民党领袖，该党由她父
亲佐勒菲卡尔·阿里·布托所创建。1988年，她成为巴基斯坦总理。
1993年第二次当选，因有人认为她盗用政府资金而于1996年被
迫辞职〕
Bhutto, Zul-fi-kar Al·i /`zulfikar `ali; 'zulfika:' 'aeli/(1928
1979)a Pakistani politician who was President (1971-1973) and
then PRIME MINISTER (1973-1977) of Pakistan. He was over
0146
thrown (OVERTHROW) in a military COUP in 1977 and executed
(EXECUTE)in 1979. His daughter Benazir Bhutto was Prime
Minister from 1988 to 1996. 布托〔(1928-1979)，巴基斯坦政
治家，先后任巴基斯坦总统(1971-1973)和总理(1973-1977)，其
政府在1977年的军事政变中被推翻，1979年被处以极刑。他的
女儿贝娜齐尔·布托于1988年至1996年间任巴基斯坦总理〕
bi— see 参见 WORD FORMATION
BIA/ bi ar`e: bi: aI'ei/ n BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 印第安事
务局
bi. an·nu. al /bar`aenjuel; bar'aenjuel/ adj happening twice each
year一年两次的-compare 比较 BIENNIAL
Biar. ritz / bi`rits; bie'rits/ a town on the coast of SW France
where rich and famous people go on holiday 比亚里茨〔法国西
南海岸一镇，为富豪名流的度假地
bi. as'/`baies; 'baies/ n [C; U] 1 a tendency to be in favour of or
against something or someone without knowing enough to be
able to judge fairly; PREJUDICE'偏见，成见；倾向性；癖好：They
complained of bias in the way the news media reported the
story. 他们投诉新闻传播媒介在报道这一事件的方式上表现出偏
见。| an anti-government bias 反政府倾向 2 a tendency of
mind 思想倾向，偏爱：Her scientific bias showed itself in early
childhood,她的科学头脑早在儿童时代就已显示出来了。3on
the bias on the CROSS' (13)； diagonally (DIAGONAL)偏斜地：
成对角地：cloth cut on the bias (=cut at an angle to the WEAVE
not parallel to it)斜裁的布料
bias2v-s- or -ss- [T often pass. 常用被动语态] to cause to form
fixed opinions for or against something without enough infor-
mation to judge fairly; PREJUDICE2使有偏见；使倾向一方：The
fact that she was a woman biased some members of the com. 
mittee against her. 她是女人这一事实使委员会的一些成员对她
抱有偏见。| The judge was biased in favour of the second
candidate, who was educated at the same college as himself
评判人对第二名候选人有偏袒，他们俩在同一所学院受过教育。
biased reporting 有偏见的报道
bias bind·ing /，. '. / n [U] cloth in the form of a narrow band
cut on the bias, for use when sewing curved edges or corners
〔用于缝制边、角的〕斜裁布条
bi. ath. lon /bai`ae0len; bai'ae0len/ n a sporting competition in
which the competitors take part in skiing (SKI) across country
and RIFLE shooting 现代冬季两项全能运动〔包括越野滑雪及步
枪射击) — compare 比较 DECATHLON,PENTATHLON
bib /bib; bib/ n 1 a piece of cloth or plastic tied under a child's
chin to protect its clothes when eating 〔系于幼儿下巴底下的〕
围嘴 2 the upper part of an APRON or DUNGAREES, above the
waistline 围裙或工装裤腰部以上的部分 3 one's best bib and
tucker infml one's best clothes【非正式】（某人）最好的衣服
Bi. ble /`baibl; 'baibal/ n 1 the Bible the holy book of the Jew-
ish and Christian religions. The Jewish Bible is made up of 39
parts that tell the story of God's relationship with the Jewish
eople in ancient times. These 39 parts also form part of the
Christian Bible and are called the Old Testament. The Chris-
tian Bible has another 27 parts called the New Testament. 
which tell the story of Jesus Christ. 犹太教《圣经》；基督教《圣
经》〔犹太教《圣经》共由39个篇目组成，讲述古时上帝与犹太人的
交往。这39个篇目组成基督教《圣经》的一部分，称为《旧约全书》。
基督教《圣经》还有另外27个篇目，称为《新约全书》，记述耶稣基
督的言行]2 [C] a copy of this book《圣经》：There was a Bible
on the table next to her bed. 她床头的桌子上放着一本《圣经》。
3 [S] infml the most useful and important book on a particular
subject【非正式】〔某一专业的〕权威书籍：The ‘Larousse
Gastronomique' is considered to be the bible for chefs. 《拉鲁
斯食经》被奉为烹饪界的权威著作。
Bible Belt, the /'· / an area in the south of the US known for
its very religious Christian people, who follow the teachings
of the Bible very strictly 圣经地带〔美国南部一地区，以当地居
民笃信基督教、恪守《圣经》教义而闻名〕
bible school /'· / also 又作 vacation bible school n AmE (in
the US)(a school, often in a church building, where there is) a
set of daily activities for children, usually for a week or more
of the summer holidays, during which children have some re-
ligious education, but mostly play and learn CRAFTS【美】圣经
学校；圣经学校为儿童举办的日常活动〔通常设于教堂内，在暑假
举行，一般为期一周或以上。期间，儿童接受一些宗教方面的教育，
但以玩耍和学习技艺为主) ：Jennifer's in bible school this week
珍妮弗这星期在上圣经学校
bible thump. er /'. . ·/ AmE infml humor or derog a person
who tries to attract people to Christianity in a loud and un-
oleasant way, usually by warning them of terrible things that
will happen to them if they do not become Christians【美，非正
式，幽或贬】狂热宣传基督教的布道者〔他们以大吼大叫令人生厌
的方式来吸引人们入教，常警告别人，如不信仰基督教，将会有灾
难降临〕
bib. li-cal /`biblikl; 'biblikel/ adj(sometimes cap. 有时用大写)
of, like, or about the Bible, especially the AUTHORIZED VER-
SION (=English translation of 1611)《圣经》的；像《圣经》的；有
关《圣经》的〔尤指《圣经》1611年钦定的英译本)：to write En-
glish in a biblical style 以《圣经》体裁进行英语写作
bib. li·og. ra. pher /bibli`agrefe;bibli'pgrefe/ n a person who
makes a bibliography 书目编著人；文献目录编著人：书志学家
bib. li. og. ra. phy /biblr`agrefi;bibli'pgrefi/ n a list of writings
on a subject, especially a list of all the written materials used
in the preparation of a book or article, usually appearing at the
end〔有关某一专题的〕书目：文献目录；〔尤指书后或文章后列出
的〕参考书目
bib-li-o-phile /biblie fail; 'bibliefail/ n a person who loves books
珍爱书籍者；藏书家
bib o·ver·alls /'. ·/ n [P] AmE another name for OVERALLS
(2)【美】〔穿在其他衣服外面的〕宽大罩衫
bib. u. lous /`bibjeles; 'bibjgles/ adj humor or pomp liking to
drink too much alcohol【幽或夸张】嗜酒的
Bic /bik; bik/ trademark【商标】a type of simple cheap pen; BrE
【英】BIRO“碧”牌圆珠笔；“拜乐”牌圆珠笔〔一种廉价、设计简单
的圆珠笔〕
bi. cam. er. al leg. is. la. ture /bar`kaemerel `lad3is,letfe; bai-
kaemerel 'led3sleitfe/ n a law-making body consisting of two
parts, like the Senate and the House of Representatives which
make up the US Congress 两院制的立法机关<如美国国会的参. 
众两院>
bi·car-bon·ate /bar`kgrbenit; bar'kg:bant/ also又作 bicarbon-
ate of so·da /，·· · '·/， sodium bicarbonate, baking soda,
bi·carb /bai`karb; 'baika:b/ infml【非正式】-- n [U] a chemi-
cal substance used especially in baking and taken with water
as a medicine 小苏打，碳酸氢钠
bi. cen·te·na·ry /，baisen`tneri;,baisen'ti:neri/ especially BrE
【尤英】‖bi·cen·ten·ni·al /baisen`teniel;baisen'teniel/ espe-
cially AmE【尤美】-- n the day or year exactly 200 years after
a particular event 二百周年（纪念）：This year is the bicentenary
of the school's foundation. 今年是该校建校 200周年。| the
bicentennial of the American Revolution 美国革命战争 200周
年纪念一
bicentenary adj: bicentenary celebrations 200周
年纪念活动
bi. ceps /`baiseps; 'baiseps/ n biceps [C+sing. /pl. v] the large
muscle on the front of the upper arm〔上臂前侧的〕二头肌，肱
二头肌
bick·er /`bike; 'bike/ v [I (about, over, with)] to quarrel, espe-
cially about unimportant matters〔尤指为琐事〕争吵，口角：The
two children were always bickering (with each other) (overl
about their toys). 那两个小孩总是（为了他们的玩具）（互相）争吵。
*bicy. cle'/`baisik]; 'baisikel/ also 又作 cycle, bike infml【非正
式】-n a two-wheeled vehicle which one rides by pushing its
PEDALS with the feet. It has recently become fashionable among
people concerned about the ENVIRONMENT to travel by bicycle
because bicycles do not cause any POLLUTION自行车，脚踏车，
单车〔因为自行车不会造成污染，所以近来关心环境保护的人骑自
行车已成为一种时尚)：She goes to work on her bicycle/by
bicycle. 她骑自行车上班。- see picture at 参见 BICYCLE 图
USAGE 用法说明 You ride (on) a bicycle or a horse. 
At the beginning of your journey you get on(to) it or (fml
正式) mount it. At the end of your journey you get off it or
(fml正式)dismount(from it). 骑自行车或骑马用 ride (on)。
上车或上马用 get on(to) 或 mount。下车或下马用 get off
或 dismount (from)。- — see also 另见 DRIVE (USAGE),
STEER (USAGE), TRANSPORT (USAGE)
bicycle2 also 又作 cycle, bike infml【非正式】-— ν [I+adv/prep
to travel by bicycle 骑自行车[脚踏车，单车] - bicyclist n
bicycle shed /'· ·/ also 又作 bike shed n especially BrE a
building where bicycles can be kept for a time under shelter. 
especially at a school or factory. In Britain, people sometimes
make jokes about young people smoking cigarettes or having
their first sexual experiences behind the school bicycle sheds. 
【尤英】自行车[脚踏车，单车]棚〔尤指学校或工厂里存放自行车的
地方。在英国，人们有时会讲一些年轻人在学校自行车棚后面抽烟
或第一次做爱之类的笑话〕
bid'/bid; bid/ ν bid; present participle bidding [I; T] 1 [(for)]
to offer to pay (a price) for goods or to charge (a price) for
one's work or services 出价；投标：He bid (f10) for an old
book at the auction. 在拍卖会上他为一本旧书出价（十英镑）。
What am I bid for this old book? (=What price will people
0147
mudguard BrE/
fender AmE挡泥板
rear lamp
尾灯
reflector
反光板
offer me for it?)人家会出多少钱来买我这本旧书？|Several
companies are bidding for the contract to build the bridge. 
有几家公司在投标争取承包建桥工程。2(in playing cards)to
make a BID2(3)〔玩纸牌时)叫牌：Have you bid yet?你叫牌了
吗？| I bid two hearts. 我叫两红心。 — ~der n
bid2n 1 [(for)] an offer to pay a certain price at a sale, espe-
cially at an AUCTION〔尤指拍卖时的)出价：a bid of f5 for the
old book 为那本旧书出价五英镑2[(for)] an offer to do some
work at a certain price; TENDER3投标：Bids for building the
bridge were invited from British and American firms. 英国和
美国的几家公司被邀来参加建造那座桥梁的投标。|Have they
put in a bid for the contract?他们有没有投标争取承包合同？ 3(a
chance or turn to make)a declaration of the number of TRICKS
(=games)a cardplayer says he/she intends to win〔玩纸牌者
的)叫牌；叫牌机会：a bid of two hearts 叫两红心|It's your
bid now, Peter. 彼得，现在该你叫牌了。4 [(for)] an attempt to
get, win, or attract〔企图取得、赢取、吸引所作的)努力：He made
a bid for freedom by climbing over the wall. 他企图翻越这堵
高墙以获得自由。|a bid for power 争取权力的努力| a rescue
bid 营救的尝试 | [+to-v] They brought in new tax laws in a
bid to restore their popularity. 他们提出了新的税务法，力求
重新赢得人心。
bid3 v bade /baed; baed/ or bid, bidden /`bidn; 'bidn/ or bid;
present participle bidding [T] old use or lit【旧或文】1 to say
or wish (a greeting or goodbye to someone)向〔某人)致〔问候
或告别语)：[+obj(i)+obj(d)] He bade me good morning as he
passed. 他走过时对我说了一声早安。2[+obj+to-v] to order
or tell(someone to do something)命令[吩咐]〔某人做某事]：
She bade him enter. 她叫他进来。| Do as you are bidden. 照
吩咐你的去做吧。3 [(to)] to invite 邀请：guests bidden to a
wedding 被邀请参加婚礼的宾客 4 bid fair(to do something)
to seem likely(to do something)很有可能（做某事）：This agree-
ment bids fair to establish a lasting peace. 这项协议使得建立
持久和平大有希望。 — ~der n
bid. da. ble /bidebl; 'bidebal/ adj especially BrE (of a person)
easily influenced or controlled【尤英】〔人〕听话的；顺从的；易
于受人影响的
bid. ding /`bidin;'bidin/ n [U] order;command 吩咐；命令
(especially in the phrases 尤用于以下短语 at someone's bid-
ding 在某人的要求下，do someone's bidding 服从某人)
bid. dy /`bidi; 'bidi/ n infml an old woman【非正式】老太太：a
couple of old biddies 几个老太太
bide /baid; baid/ v bide one's time to wait, usually for a long
time, until the right moment等待良机：I'm planning to change
my job, but I'm just biding my time until the right opportu-
nity comes up. 我打算换工作，不过得等到有合适的机会。
bi. det /br`de;'bi:dei/ n a kind of small low bath across which
bicycle 自行车
bell车铃
crossbar 横梁
brake lever制动手柄
gear lever BrE/
shifter AmE变速杆
pump打气筒
brake 制动器
front lamp 前灯
fork 前叉
tyre BrE/
tire AmE轮胎
axle 车轴
spokes 幅条
one sits to wash the lower parts of the body, used especially in
France〔专洗下身的〕坐浴盆，洗肛器〔尤在法国使用)
bi. en. ni. al /bai`niel; bai'eniel/ adj1(of an event) happening
once every two years〔事件〕两年一次的 2 (of a plant) living
for two years and producing flowers and seed in the second
year〔植物〕二年生的 — compare 比较 ANNUAL, BIANNUAL -
~ly adv
bier /bir; bie/ n a movable frame like a table, sometimes with
wheels, for supporting a dead body or COFFIN, or for taking it
to the grave〔可移动的或有轮子的〕棺材架；停尸架
Bierce /birs; bies/,Am. brose /aembroz;'aembreuz/(1842-?1914)
a US writer known for his short stories, who disappeared in
Mexico and was never found比尔斯〔(1842-？1914)，美国作
家，以短篇小说闻名，在墨西哥失踪后再也找不到他
biff /bif; bif/ v [T] BrE slang to hit with a quick hard blow【英，
俚】狠打，猛击，揍：He biffed me on the chin!他在我下巴上狠
狠揍了一拳！ - biff n
bi. fo. cals /bai`fok]z; bai'feukalz/ n [P] glasses for the eyes with
an upper part made for looking at distant objects, and a lower
part made for reading 双光眼镜，远近两用眼镜〔镜片上部用以
视远处物体，下部用以阅读)— see 参见PAIR(USAGE)- bi-
focal adj
bi. fur. cate /baifa ket; 'baifekeit/ v [I] fml (of roads, branches,
rivers etc) to divide into two branches or parts; FORK2(2)【正
式】〔道路、树枝、河流等〕分为两支[枝、部分]，分叉--cation
/,baifa`kefen; baife'keifen/ n [C;U]
*big /big; big/ adj-gg- 1 of more than average size, weight,
amount, force,importance etc大的；重的；规模大的；重大的：a
big box 一只大箱子 | a big field 一大片场地 | a big increase
in prices 价格的大幅度增长 | the biggest hotel in New York
纽约最大的旅馆|How big is it? 它有多大？ | no bigger than
a pin 并不比大头针大 | That child is big for his age. 按那个孩
子的年龄来说，他长得个子很高大。| The big question is what
to do next. 重要的问题是下一步该做什么。[ a big landowner
(=who owns a lot of land)拥有大量土地的地主|(fig. 喻)big-
hearted (=generous)慷慨大方的 | Don't cry: you're a big
girl now. 不要哭，你现在是个大女孩了。| The big day has come
at last. 那重要的日子终于到来了。| The big advantage of this
system is that it is easy to use. 这套系统的主要优点就是使用起
来很简便。| John's a big spender. (=spends money freely)约
翰是个花钱大手大脚的家伙。| You should go into merchant
banking-that's where the big money is. (=that is where
high wages can be earned)你应该到商业银行界去工作，那儿才
是挣大钱的地方。| a big eater 食量很大的人| his big (=older)
sister/brother 他的大姐[大哥] — see 参见 LANGUAGE
NOTE: Intensifying Adjectives 2 infml very popular and
successful, especially in sports and the entertainment business
0148
【非正式】〔尤指在运动和娱乐业中〕极受欢迎的，极成功的：Frank
Sinatra is very big in Las Vegas. 弗兰克·西纳特拉在拉斯维加
斯红得发紫。3 [F+with] old use (of a woman) PREGNANT【旧】
〔妇女〕怀孕的； big with child 怀了孩子的 4 be big of to be
generous of 大度的；慷慨的：It was big of him to lend you his
car. 他把汽车借给你，真够大方的。5 have a big mouth to talk
too much, especially to give away secrets多嘴多舌；嘴巴不严
(尤指泄露秘密)：Be careful what you say to her -- she's got
a big mouth. 对她讲话要小心 —— 她的嘴不严。6 have big ideas
infml to have plans or aims to do something important or to
become important【非正式】有雄心大志 7 the bigger they come
the harder they fall saying the more important someone is
and the more power that they have, the worse it is for them
when they lose power【谚】爬得越高，摔得越重 8 too big for
your boots infml believing yourself to be more important than
you really are【非正式】自以为了不起，妄自尊大 — see also 另
见 think big (THINK1) — ~ness n [U]
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 big,large, and 和
great. 1 Big and large are both common when talking about
actual size, though large is slightly more formal. 在谈到尺
寸的实际大小时 big 和 large 都是常用的，但 large 稍为正
式些：That shirt doesn't fit me; it's too big/large. （那件衬
衫太大了，我穿着不合适。)2 Great means ‘famous' or ‘im. 
portant' when used of people. 用于指人时 great 意为“著
名的”或“重要的”：He's a great man. (他是一位伟人。)
When used of things, great(lit 文) means'very large and
impressive'. 当用于指物时，great 意为“巨大而令人印象深
刻的”：The great ship sailed into the harbour. (那艘巨轮
驶进了海港。)3 Great (not big or large) can be used with
uncountable nouns. great 可以与不可数名词连用，big 或
large 则不行：She showed great courage,(她显示出超乎
寻常的勇气。) 4 Notice that large (not big) is usually used
in the expressions. 注意 large(而不是 big)一般用于下列
表示“大量”的用法中：a large amount/number/quantity。
big. a. my/bigemi: 'bigemi/ n [U] the state of being married to
two people at the same time. Bigamy is a crime in Britain and
the US. 重婚〔在英美两国重婚是一种犯罪行为)- compare 比
较 MONOGAMY, POLYGAMY - -mist n - -mous adj - -mously
adv
Big Ap. ple, the /·/ a popular name for New York City 大
果城〔纽约市的诨名)：He went to the Big Apple to make his
fortune. 他去大苹果城赚大钱了。
big bad wolf /· '·/ [the] (often cap. 常大写) an evil WOLF
who appears in various stories, trying to frighten, hurt, or eat
other characters. The name is often used to describe something
or someone that takes on this character. 大恶狼，大灰狼〔许多
故事中试图恐吓、伤害或吃掉其他人物的一条恶狼。这名称常用于
形容具有这种特性的物或人)：“We are not the big bad wolf of
the chemical industry,”said a spokesman, yesterday. “我们
不是化学工业界的大恶狼，”昨天一位发言人如是说。
big band /'/ n a type of large band that plays popular music
for people to dance to. Big bands were especially popular in
the 1940s, and usually consisted of a leader and a lot of instru
ments that are played by blowing, especially the TRUMPET
TROMBONE, and CLARINET. Their style of music was known as
the big band sound, and famous leaders include Glenn MILLER. 
Duke ELLINGTON, and Benny GOODMAN. 大乐队〔一种演奏流
行音乐给人们跳舞的大型乐队，尤其盛行于20世纪40年代。乐
队常由一名领队以及许多管乐器，特别是小号、长号、黑管等组成，
其音乐风格称“大乐队音乐”。著名的领队有格伦·米勒、埃林顿公
爵和本尼·古德曼
Big Bang / / the name given to the changes in the system and
rules of the London STOCK EXCHANGE which came into effect
on December 27th 1986“大爆炸”改革〔指伦敦证券交易所于
1986年12月27日生效的体系及规章制度上的改革)：ByOcto
ber 1987， a year after Big Bang, the inflated City salaries
were slipping. 到了1987年10月，“大爆炸”改革实行一年之后，
伦敦市内膨胀的薪金正在下滑。
Big Bang, the n the explosion at the beginning of time, which
most scientists believe caused the universe to exist 大爆炸〔指
大多数科学家认为形成宇宙的一次爆炸)：the Big Bang theory
大爆炸学说
Big Ben / '/ the large bell in the tower of the HOUSES OF PAR-
LIAMENT in London, which rings regularly to tell the time and
can often be heard on the radio in the UK. The tower of Big
Ben is often used to represent London or the UK. 大本钟〔位于
伦敦议会钟楼内的大钟，它按点报时，其钟声在英国的广播中常可
听到。大本钟钟楼常被用作伦敦或英国的象征〕 - see colour pic
ture on page A14参见A14页彩图
Big Bird/'/ a character in the American children's television
show SESAME STREET, which is a large yellow bird who talks
and behaves like a human 大鸟〔美国儿童电视节目《芝麻街》中
的角色，为一只言行像人一样的黄色大鸟〕
Big Blue/'/ an informal name for the computer company IBM
深蓝〔电脑制造商，国际商用机器公司的绰号〕
big board/' / n [the] AmE (the electronic sign showing chang-
ing share prices at) the New York Stock Exchange【美】纽约证
券交易所；〔纽约证券交易所电子显示的〕大行情板
big boys, the /' / n [P] the most successful and powerful
people or organizations 大人物；大公司，巨头：Small businesses
like ours can't really compete with the big boys. 像我们这样
的小公司实在是无法同大公司竞争的。
Big Broth. er /'. / a character in the novel NINETEEN EIGHTY
FOUR by George Orwell. Big Brother is the leader of the state. 
and although no one has ever met him there are pictures of him
everywhere with the message 'Big Brother is watching you'. 
People now use the expression'Big Brother'to describe any
government or organization that has complete power, allows
no freedom, and carefully watches what people are doing. “老
大哥”〔乔治·奥威尔所著的小说《一九八四》中的人物。“老大哥”为
一国之君，虽无人得以亲眼见过他，但到处张贴着他的照片，旁边还
写着“老大哥在注视着你”。“老大哥”现用来形容专制组织或政府〕
Big Broth. ers /'·/ a US organization to help boys, especially
boys who do not have fathers or who come from families ex-
periencing difficulties. Each boy has his own Big Brother, a
man who meets him regularly to give advice, listen to his
problems, play games, and be a ROLE MODEL. Big Brothers are
VOLUNTEERS (=people who work without being paid), and there
is a similar organization for girls called BIG SISTERS. “大哥哥”
志愿团〔美国的一个组织，其目的是帮助男孩子，尤其是失去父亲
或家庭有困难的男孩子。每个男孩都有一位他自己的“大哥哥”同
他定期会面，以提供建议、倾听问题、玩游戏，并作为他的行为榜
样。“大哥哥”都是志愿服务者，而女孩子也有一个类似的组织叫做
“大姐姐”志愿团〕
big bucks /· / n [P]AmE infml a lot of money【美，非正式】很
多钱，一大笔钱：She's earning big bucks now. 目前，她正在赚
大钱。
big busi·ness /· '·/ n [U] 1 a business activity that produces a
lot of profit, e. g. by providing a service that a lot of people
want 赚钱的生意，大买卖：Alternative medicine is big business
in LA. 非传统医学在洛杉矶是一项有利可图的行当。2 very large
powerful companies considered together as a group, especially
when you are talking about their influence on governments〔尤
指对政府有举足轻重影响力的)大企业集团，大财阀：The Repub-
lican Party always had a lot of support from big business. 共
和党一直有大财阀鼎力相助。
big cat // n not tech a large member of the cat family, such
as a lion or tiger【非术语】大型猫科动物<如狮、虎等> - see pic-
ture at 参见 BIG CATS图
big cheese // n infml humor a very important person in an
organization, institution etc【非正式，幽】要人，大人物：So you're
the big cheese around here, are you?这么说你是这里的大人
物了，是吗？
big day / '/ n [S] a wedding day 大喜的日子；婚礼日：Are you
looking forward to your big day?你在盼望大喜之日的到来吗？
big deal / '/ n, interj [S] slang【俚】(showing that one consid-
ers something unimportant 表示对某事满不在乎)：“Be careful
how you speak to him. He's the company president. ” \"Big
deal!”“你得注意同他讲话的方式，他可是公司的总裁啊。”“有什
么了不起！”| What's the big deal?有什么了不起的大事呀？
Big Dip. per /'/ n 1 a kind of smal railway in a fair or AMUSE-
MENT PARK that people ride on for fun and excitement. It goes
up and down steep slopes and around sharp curves; a ROLLER-
COASTER〔游乐场中的)过山车，云霄飞车 2 the Big Dipper es-
pecially AmE a name sometimes given to the CONSTELLATION
(=group of stars) called the PLOUGH【尤美】北斗七星
Big Ears /' / a character in the British children's stories about
NODDY. Big Ears has unusually large ears, is short, has a white
beard, wears a pointed cloth hat, and is Noddy's best friend. 大
耳朵〔有关诺迪的英国儿童故事中的人物，长着一对大耳朵，身材
矮小，蓄白胡子，头戴尖顶布帽，是诺迪的好朋友〕
Big Ea. sy, the // AmE an informal name for NEW ORLEANS
【美】忘忧城〔新奥尔良市的非正式名称)：Slick Mo's Club plays
some of the best jazz outside of the Big Easy. 斯利克·莫俱乐
部在忘忧城外演奏爵士乐名曲。
big end /'/ n BrE tech the part of a connecting rod in a car
engine which joins onto the CRANK【英，术语】大端，连杆头〔汽
车引擎的连杆与曲轴相连接的部分)：I think your big end's gone. 
0149
lion 狮
我想是你的连杆头掉了。
Big. foot/bigfut; 'bigfut/ Sasquatch an animal like a large hairy
human, which some people claim to have seen in the north-
west US, but which has never been proved to exist. Stories
about Bigfoot are very popular in US newspapers. 大脚，北美
野人〔一种大而多毛、酷似人类的动物，一些人自称在美国西北部
见过，但至今仍无法证实它的存在，美国报刊上常有此类传闻〕
big game/,'/ n [U] the largest wild animals hunted for sport,
such as lions and elephants. Big-game hunting used to be con-
sidered an adventure, but now many people disapprove of it
because so many animals have been killed and there are only
small numbers of some kinds(SPECIES) left. 大猎物<如狮、象
等>〔过去猎捕大猎物被视为是一种冒险，但由于许多动物遭猎杀，
某些种类的动物已所剩无几，现在许多人都不赞成此项活动)：a
big-game hunter 猎捕大猎物的人
big. gie/`bigi; 'bigi/ n infml someone or something very large,
important,or well-known【非正式】要人，大亨；庞然大物；重要
事情：Have you heard their new record? I think it's going to
be a biggie. 你听过他们新灌的唱片了吗？我觉得它会成为大热门。
big girl's blouse/,. '/ you big girl's blouse BrE spoken a
humorous and slightly insulting expression said when a boy or
man is not being brave【英，口】胆小鬼〔幽默并稍带点侮辱性，
专指男性)：Go on then, try and hit me, you big girl's blouse. 
继续来打我呀，你这个胆小鬼。| You can't sit in a pub and drink
Coke, you big girl's blouse!你总不能坐在小酒馆里喝可乐吧，
胆小如鼠的家伙！
big-gish/`bigif; 'bigif/ adj BrE fairly big, but not very big【英】
较大的：The office is easy to find - it's a biggish white build-
ing near the station. 那家办事处很好找——就是车站附近那栋
较大的白色建筑物。
Big. gles/`biglz; 'bigalz/ a character in stories by Captain W. E. 
Johns. Biggles is a military pilot in World War I who is fa-
mous for his flying skills, his courage, and his ability to be
calm even when he is being attacked by the enemy. In the past
he was a popular hero with British boys. 比格尔斯〔W. E. 约翰
斯上尉小说中的人物。他是第一次世界大战期间的空军飞行员，以
big cats大型猫科动物
jaguar 美洲豹
lynx 猞猁
cheetah
猎豹
tiger 虎
cougar 美洲狮
其飞行技巧、勇气以及在敌人的枪林弹雨中保持冷静的能力著称。
过去，他是受英国男孩子喜爱的一位英雄〕
big gov. ern·ment/'·/ n [C; U] AmE derog a government
which becomes involved in many parts of people's lives in
order to help them take care of themselves. People who do not
think WELFARE(=financial help for poor people) is a good idea,
or who think that there are too many government programmes
for disadvantaged people, often talk about big government to
describe the kind of government that provides too many of
these kinds of services. 【美，贬】大政府〔指为帮助民众自理而在
太多方面干预他们生活的政府，那些不赞成社会福利或认为为生活
条件差的民众制定了太多政府计划的人，经常用“大政府”来指提
供太多这一类帮助的政府〕
Biggs /`bigz; bigz/, Ron-ald /`ranld; 'roneld/(1929-)a fa-
mous British criminal who took part in the GREAT TRAIN ROB-
BERY in 1963， and later escaped to Brazil. The British police
have tried several times to EXTRADITE Biggs to the UK(=legally
force him to return), but they have never succeeded. 比格斯
〔(1929-)，英国一臭名昭著的罪犯，于1963年参与了火车大劫案，
后逃往巴西。英国警方曾数次试图将他引渡回国，但始终没有成功〕
▲注：比格斯最终于2001年5月返回英国，向警方自首。
big gun/ '/ n AmE slang an important person who can influ-
ence events【美俚】大人物，有影响的人物
big hair/,'/ n [U] a woman's hair style that was fashionable
especially in the 1980s, in which the hair has been combed so
that it is high up above the head and far out at the sides蓬蓬头
〔尤其流行于20世纪80年代的一种女子发型，即把头发梳成高出
头部许多的式样)
big. head/big hed; 'bighed/ n infml someone who has too high
an opinion of their own importance【非正式】自高自大的人-
bigheaded adj
Biggles 比格尔斯
big-heart. ed// adj kind and loving 仁慈的，慈爱的：She'd
give you the coat off her back she's so big-hearted. 她心肠非
常好，甚至愿意把自己的衣服脱下来给你穿。
big. horn /`bighorn;'bigho:n/又作 bighorn sheep /，·/na
wild sheep with long curved horns which lives in the Rocky
Mountains in the US〔生活在美国落基山脉的)大角羊
bight/bait; bait/ n 1 a curve in a coast larger than, or curving
less than, a BAY`海岸线弯曲的部分，大湾 2 a LOOP made in the
middle of a rope〔绳子中间的)绳环，绳套
Big Is. sue, The/'·/ a British magazine which is sold on the
streets in the UK by people who have nowhere to live. The Big
Issue was started as a way of helping homeless people, and the
people who sell it are allowed to keep part of the money they
receive from buyers. 《畅销》〔一本由无家可归者沿街兜售的英国
杂志，其创刊目的是为了帮助流浪者，出售该杂志的人可以保留一
部分书款〕
Big League, the/,'/ n the MAJOR LEAGUES(=the teams that
play at the highest level of professional BASEBALL in the US)
0150
〔代表美国职业棒球最高水准的)大联盟-compare 比较LITTLE
LEAGUE
Big Mac /. / trademark a type of large HAMBURGER, which is
one of the most popular foods sold in McDonald's restaurants
【商标】巨无霸汉堡〔麦当劳餐厅最受欢迎的食品之一〕
Big Man on Cam. pus /. ·/ n AmE used jokingly to talk
about a boy or man at school or university who is very proud
of his achievements and social position【美】校园名人〔开玩笑
地指因优异的成绩或社会地位而洋洋自得的大学男生
big. mouth /`bigmau0; 'bigmau0/ n [U] infml someone who
cannot be trusted to keep secrets【非正式】守不住秘密的人，多
嘴的人
big name /'/ n infml an important or well-known person or
group【非正式】重要人物，知名人士[集团]：They've lined up
quite a few big names for the concert. 他们已为音乐会安排了
几位知名人物。
big noise // a BIG SHOT 要人；有影响力的人
big. ot /`biget; 'biget/ n someone who thinks unreasonably that
their own strong opinion is correct, especially about matters of
religion, race, or politics〔尤指对宗教、种族或政治〕固执己见的
人，思想顽固的人，执拗的人 — ~ed adj: bigoted people/opin
ions 有偏见的人[看法]
big. ot. ry /`bigetri; 'bigetri/ n [U] behaviour or beliefs typical
of a bigot 偏执的行为[信念]
big screen, the // n(film made for) the cinema, as op-
posed to television 〔相对电视而言的)电影，大银幕：Her career
took off when she transferred her talents to the big screen. 她
改行拍电影后事业开始腾飞了。
big shot // n a person of great importance or influence要
人，大人物；有影响力的人：talking to some big shot in the ad
vertising business 同广告界的大人物谈话
Big Sis. ters /·/ a US organization to help girls, especially
girls who do not have mothers or who come from families ex-
periencing difficulties. Each girl has her own Big Sister, a
woman who meets her regularly to give advice, listen to her
problems, play games, and be a ROLE MODEL. Big Sisters are
VOLUNTEERS(=people who work without being paid), and there
is a similar organization for boys called BIG BROTHERS. “大姐
姐”志愿团〔美国的一个组织，其目的是帮助女孩子，尤其是失去母
亲或家庭有困难的女孩子。每个女孩都有一位她自己的“大姐姐’
同她定期会面，以提供建议、倾听问题、玩游戏，并作为她的行为榜
样。“大姐姐”都是志愿服务者，而男孩子也有一个类似的组织叫做
“大哥哥”志愿团〕
big stick /'/ n [the] the threat of using military or political
force to get what one wants 大棒（政策）〔用军事或政治压力达
到目的的威吓〕
Big Ten, the / '/ also 又作 the Big 10 n a group of ter
midwestern US universities who compete with each other in
sports. These teams are generally thought to be the best in col-
lege sports, and their players often go on to join professional
teams. “十强”〔指美国中西部地区在体育运动方面互相竞争的十
所大学，他们的球队一般被认为是大学里最优秀的，其队员通常都
加入职业球队〕 — compare 比较 PAC TEN
Big Three, the // AmE General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler,
which are the three largest American car makers【美】美国汽车
工业三巨头〔指通用、福特和克莱斯勒三大汽车制造商)：The Big
Three have all announced incentives to boost flagging auto
sales. 汽车工业三巨头均宣布了改善汽车销售不景气的奖励措施。
big-tick·et /'· ·/ adj AmE infml expensive【美，非正式】昂贵的
高价的：big-ticket items such as refrigerators and stereos 如
电冰箱、音响等贵重商品
big time1 /'/ n [the] infml the highest level of importance or
success
〔运动或演艺界的〕头号地位：最高成就：第一流水平：She was
fairly successful as an actress. but never really hit (=reached)
the big time. 她作为一名女演员还算成功，但从未真正达到第
流明星的地位。 — compare 比较 SMALL-TIME - big-time /'··/
adj: a big-time gangster 一个臭名远扬的匪徒[黑社会分子] -
big-timer n
big time2 ady infml in a very extreme and noticeable way【非正
式】非常地：极其引人注意地：He took his driving test, but
screwed it up big time. 他参加了驾驶测验，但考得一团糟
big toe / '/ n the largest toe on the inside of the foot 大拇趾，
大脚趾头
big top // n a very large tent used by a CIRCUS (=a
performing animals, people etc)马戏团用的大帐篷
big wheel /，· '·/ n 1 BrE【英】‖ also 又作 ferris wheel espe·
cially AmE【尤美】- a machine used in amusement parks, con-
sisting of a large upright wheel carrying seats which remain
HORIZONTAL as the wheel turns round 大转轮，摩天轮〔游乐场
的一种娱乐设备〕2 a BIG SHOT 要人，大人物
big. wig /big wig; 'bigwig/ n humor or derog slang a person
with a high position in an organization【幽或贬，俚】〔机构中的]
大头头，要人
bi. jou /`bi3u; 'bi:3u:/ adj [A] (especially of a building) small
and pretty〔尤指建筑物)小巧雅致的：The estate agent described
this little house as a desirablebijou residence . 房地产经纪人
说这所小房子是一处理想的雅舍
bike1/baik; baik/ n infml【非正式】1 a two-wheeled vehicle; BI-
CYCLE 自行车，脚踏车，单车 2 AmE infml MOTORCYCLE【美、
非正式】摩托车 3 get on your bike BrE infml to go out and
make an effort to find a job. The phrase is connected espe-
cially with the former British politician Norman Tebbit. 【英，
非正式】加紧找工作〔这短语尤其与英国前政治家诺曼·特比特有
关)- bike v[I+adv/prep]
bike2v infml【非正式】1 [I+ady/prep] to go somewhere on a bi-
cycle 骑自行车[脚踏车，单车]：She bikes to work every day. 
她每天骑自行车上班。2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to send a package,
document etc to another place by means of a bicycle or motor-
cycle 用自行车或摩托车运送〔包裹、文件等)：We'll have the
contract biked over to you this afternoon. 今天下午我们会派
人骑车把合同送达贵处
bik. er /`baike; 'baike'/ n 1 someone who rides a MOTORBIKE
especially one of a group often wearing black leather bearing
the name of the group and/or other words and SYMBOLS 摩托
车手〔尤指某一组织成员，经常身穿标有该组织名称或其他文字和
标记的黑皮衣) — see also 另见 HELLS ANGEL 2 someone who
rides a BICYCLE 骑自行车的人
bike·sheds /`baikfadz; 'baikfedz/ n [P] BrE【英】behind the
bikesheds often mentioned as the place at school where chil-
dren hide when they are smoking or kissing 在自行车棚后〔常
被提及的一个儿童在学校偷偷地吸烟或接吻的地方〕- compare
比较BLEACHERS
bi. ki. ni /bi`kini; b'ki:ni/ n a small two-piece bathing suit for
women 比基尼式游泳衣，三点式泳装
Bikini At. oll /·. ·/ an island in the Pacific Ocean where the
US performed NUCLEAR weapons tests from 1946 until the
1960s比基尼环礁〔位于太平洋中的一个岛屿，1946年至20世纪
60年代为美国核武器试验基地
Bi. ko /`biko; 'bi:keu/. Steve /stiv; sti:v/ (1946-1977) a black
South African political leader who started the Black Conscious-
ness Movement, an organization that fought against APART
HEID(=the system in which black people had no political rights. 
and black and white people had to live in different areas). He
died while being questioned by the police, and most people
think the police murdered him. The film Cry Freedom is about
his life. 比卡〔(1946-1977)，南非黑人政治领袖，反种族隔离制
度组织“黑人觉醒运动”的创始人。他在被警方审讯时去世，多数
人认为是警方谋杀了他。电影《自由呼声》讲述了他的生平〕
bi. la. bi. al /barlebiel; bai'leibiel/ n, adj tech (a consonant sound
such as /b/) made using both lips【术语】（双）唇 （辅）音<如 /b/>;
双唇（音）的
bi. lat·er·al /bai`laeterel; bai'laetarel/ adj concerning or includ-
ing two groups or nations 双边的，双方的，两国间的：a bilat. 
eral agreement on arms control 关于军备控制的双边协定
compare 比较 MULTILATERAL, UNILATERAL — ~ly ady
bil-ber·ry /`bilberi; 'bilbari/ also 又作 whortleberry -- n (the
blue-black fruit of) a low bushy plant growing on hillsides and
in high woods in Northern Europe 欧洲越橘 — compare 比较
BLUEBERRY
bile /bail; bail/ n [U] 1 a bitter green-brown liquid formed in
the LIVER, which helps in the DIGESTION of fats 胆汁 2 fml bad
temper and bitterness【正式】坏脾气；乖戾
bilge /bild3; bild3/ n 1 [C] the broad bottom of a ship〔船的〕舱
底 2 [U] dirty water in the bottom of a ship 舱底污水 3 [U]
old-fash slang foolish talk【过时，俚】蠢话，傻话：Don't give me
that bilge!不要对我说这样的蠢话！
bil. har. zi. a /bil`hazie; bil'ha:zie/ n [U] a serious disease of the
LIVER that you can get while swimming in rivers or lakes in
hot countries 血吸虫病，裂体吸虫病
bi. lin. gual1/bai`lingwel;bai'lingwel/ adj1 of, containing,or
expressed in two languages 两种语言的；包含两种语言的；用两
种语言表达的：a bilingual French-English dictionary 法英双
语词典 2 able to speak two languages equally well 能说两种语
show with
言的：a bilingual secretary 会讲两种语言的秘书
bilingual2n a person who is able to speak two languages equally
well 能说两种语言的人 — compare 比较 MONOLINGUAL
bil. i. ous /`biljes; 'bilies/ adj 1 sick from having too much bile
in the body胆汁（过多而致）病的：
Fatty food makes some
people bilious. 多脂肪的食物使某些人患上胆汁病。2 bad-
0151
tempered; IRASCIBLE 脾气坏的；易怒的，暴躁的 — ~ness n [U]
bilk /bilk; bilk/ v [T (out of)] to cheat (someone), especially
causing them to lose money; SWINDLE蒙骗〔某人〕〔尤指使其
丧失钱财
Bil-ko /`bilko; 'bilkeu/, Sergeant the main character in a hu-
morous television programme about a US army camp. Bilko is
an army officer, played by Phil Silvers, who talks very fast and
oves playing cards and finding ways to make money. 中士比
尔科一个描写美国军营生活的电视节目中的主人公。他是一位军
官，话说得非常快，喜欢打牌和想办法赚钱，由菲尔·西尔弗斯扮演
*bill1/bil; bil/ n 1 [(for)] a list of things bought, used, eaten etc,
showing the total amount that must be paid 账单：Could we
have the bill please?请给我们结账好吗？ | Have you paid the
phone bill yet?你付清电话费了吗？ | The bill for the repairs
came to ￡650. 修理费用达到 650英镑。2 a written plan for a
new law, which is brought to parliament for it to consider议
案，法案； a debate in Parliament on the government's new
Transport Bill 议会对政府的新运输法案所进行的辩论
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 How a bill becomes a
law Because US law is based on the British legal system
the UK and the US have a similar process for making a bill
into a law. In the US a bill is first presented in the SENATE
or the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. This is called the Firs
Reading. A special committee then looks at the details of
the bill and can add suggestions and make changes, after
which they must vote on it. The committee returns the bill
to the House or Senate for the Second Reading, when it is
ead carefully, discussed, and sometimes changed. They
read the bill one more time(this is known as the Third
Reading) and then vote on it. If they vote for the bill, the
bill is then sent to the other side of Congress to be discussed
possibly changed, and voted on. Once both the Senate and
House of Representatives have agreed on the bill, they send
it to the President. If the President agrees with the bill, he
or she signs it and it becomes a law. If the President does
not agree with the bill he or she can VETO it (=decide not
to sign it). The Senate or House of Representatives must
then discuss the bill and vote again. If two-thirds of that
house votes to support the bill, they can then send it to the
other house for discussion and a vote. If two-thirds of the
other house also vote 'yes', the bill becomes a law, even if
the President does not agree with it. 议案如何成为法律：由
于美国法律以英国司法制度为基础，所以英美两国有着类似的
立法程序。在美国，首先由参议院或众议院提交议案，称“初
读”。经一个特别委员会审阅议案细节内容，作增补或修改后
投票表决。接着该委员会将议案送回众议院或参议院作“二
读”。在此期间，议案经仔细审议，有时还要作些修改。之后，
再次审阅议案，称“三读”，并作投票表决。如果表决通过，议
案会送到参议院或众议院进行审议，作些必要的修改，并投票
表决。议案一旦经参，众两院通过将提交总统。如果总统同意
即签署议案使之成为法律，反之，他[她]可以否决这项立法。
在这种情况下，参议院或众议院必须再次审议该议案并投票表
决，如果三分之二多数投赞成票，那么议案将被送往众议院或
参议院作审议并投票表决，如果也有三分之二多数投票赞成的
话，即使总统反对，该议案也可以成为法律
In the UK when a new bill is first presented to the
HOUSE OF COMMONS, this is known as the First Reading
Later the MPs discuss the bill, sometimes adding sugges. 
tions and making changes, and then the bill is read again
This is called the Second Reading. Next comes the com
mittee stage, when a committee examines the details of
the bill. This is followed by more discussion, called the
report stage. The committee returns the bill to the House
of Commons, where they read it for a third time. After this
Third Reading, the House of Commons sends the bill to
the HOUSE OF LORDS, where it is also read and discussed
The House of Lords can add suggestions, but they cannot
refuse the bill. Once the bill has been agreed by both Houses
of Parliament, the Queen gives it her ROYAL ASSENT (=she
signs it) and it officially becomes a law. 在英国，新议案先
递交给下议院，称“初读”。经下议院议员审议，有时作些增补
或修改后再次审议，称“二读”。然后是委员会审阅阶段，由
个委员会仔细审阅议案细节内容，接着是就议案反复审议的讨
论处理阶段。之后，该委员会将议案送回下议院作“三读”。“三
读”后下议院将议案递交给上议院进行审议，上议院可对议案
作增补，但不能否决。议案一旦经议会上、下两院通过，女王即
御准。至此，议案正式成为法律。- see Feature on page B17
参见B17页文化特写
3 AmE a piece of paper money; NOTE1(4)【美】纸币，钞票：a
five-dollar bill 一张5美元的钞票 4 a printed notice 招贴，海
报；广告；传单：Stick No Bills (a public warning on a wall, fence
etc)禁止招贴！5 the (old)bill BrE infml the police【英，非正
式】警察 — see also 另见 BILL OF FARE/HEALTH/LADING/
RIGHTS/SALE, fit the bill (FIT'), foot the bill (FOOT2), top the
bill(TOP3)
bill2v[T] 1 [(for)] especially tech to send a bill to【尤术语】给··
开账单；给··送账单：I can't pay now: please bill me for it later
我现在不能付款，请日后给我送张账单来。2 [(as)usually pass. 
一般用被动态]to advertise in printed notices用海报宣传，用招
贴做广告：It's been billed as the race of the year. 海报上宣传
这是本年度的大赛。| [+obj+to-v] He's billed to appear as
Hamlet. 海报上写着由他扮演哈姆雷特。| (fig. 喻) The follow-
ing election is being billed (=generally described) as the most
important in 30 years. 即将举行的选举被大事宣扬成30年来最
重要的一次。
bill3n 1 tech the beak of a bird【术语】鸟嘴，喙 2 BrE (usually
cap. as part of a place name一般用大写作为地名的一部分)a
long narrow piece of land sticking out into the sea【英】岬角
〔突入海中的狭长陆地)：Portland Bill 波特兰岬
bill4v bill and coo infml (of lovers) to kiss and speak softly to
each other【非正式】〔情侣间〕接吻和低声地谈情说爱
Bill, The a popular British television programme about a police
station in London and the crimes solved by its police officers
《犯罪克星》〔一个受欢迎的英国电视节目，讲述伦敦一家警察局及
其破案的故事〕
bil-la. bong /`bilebon; 'bilebon/ n AustrE a shallow lake or pool
that sometimes dries out【澳】〔有时会干涸的〕死水潭
Bill and Ben /，'/ two characters, whose full names were Bill
and Ben the Flowerpot Men, in a British television
programme for young children that was popular in the 1950s
and 1960s. Bill and Ben were little men made out of FLOWER
POTS who spoke in strange voices and lived in a garden. They
had a friend called Little Weed, who was a tall flower. 比尔和
本〔流行于20世纪50、60年代的一部英国儿童电视节目中的两个
人物，他们的全称是花盆矮人比尔和本。他们是两个用花盆做出来
的小矮人，嗓音奇特，居住在花园里。他们有一个朋友叫做利特尔
威德，是一朵高高的花〕
bill-board /`'bil bord; 'bilbo;d/ n AmE for【美】= HOARDING(2
Billboard a US weekly magazine about popular music, that
gives the Hot 100 (=a list of the 100 most popular records that
week)《流行榜》〔美国一本流行音乐周刊，每周评出前100张畅
销唱片〕
bil-let1/'bilit; 'bilst/ n a house (usually a private home)where
soldiers are put to live for a while 士兵临时营舍〔通常是民房〕
billet2v [T (on)] to provide (a soldier) with a billet 给〔士兵)提
供住宿处：The captain billeted his men on old Mrs Smith
(=in Mrs Smith's house)上尉把他手下的士兵安顿在史密斯太
太家中
bil-let-doux /`bili`du;,bilei 'du:/n billets-doux /，bili`duz;,biler
'du:z/ Fr, humor or lit a love letter【法，幽或文】情书
bill-fold /`bil fold; 'bilfeuld/ n AmE for【美】= WALLET(1)
bill-hook /`bil huk: 'bilhok/ n a tool consisting of a blade with
a hooked point and a handle, used especially in cutting off
branches of trees and cutting up wood for fires〔剪枝、砍木柴
用的〕钩镰，钩刀
bil-liards /bilja-dz; 'biljedz/ n [U] any of several games played
on a cloth-covered table (a billiard table) with balls which are
knocked with CUES (=long sticks) against each other or into
pockets at the corners and sides of the table桌球，台球戏，撞球
戏 — see also 另见 POOL, SNOOKER - billiard adj [A]: bil
liard balls 台球
Bil. lings. gate /bilinzget; 'bilinzgeit/ a large fish market in east
London. The word 'Billingsgate' was also formerly used to
mean swearing and offensive language, because the people who
worked in the market were known for this. 比灵斯盖特〔伦敦东
部一大鱼市。这个词以前指粗俗的骂人话，因为该市场的工作人员
以此著称〕
bil-lion /`biljen; 'biljen/ determiner, n, pron billion or bil-
lions 1 (the number) one thousand million; 1,000,000,000；
109十亿 2 BrE old use (the number) one million million;
1,000,000,000,000;102【英，旧】万亿 — ~th determiner, n
pron, adv
bil. lion. aire /bilie`nc:bilie'nee/ n a person whose money. 
property etc is worth one billion dollars, pounds etc 亿万富
翁
bill of ex·change /. ···'/ also又作 promissory note AmE
【美】- n tech a promise, which must by law be fulfilled, to
repay a debt to someone on a fixed date【术语】汇票
0152
bill of fare /. / n bills of fare old-fash a list of dishes to be
served in a restaurant; MENU【过时】[餐馆的]菜单
bill of goods /·'/ n [U] AmE infml【美，非正式】sell some-
one a bill of goods deceive; cheat 欺骗某人：The roofers sold
me a bill of goods when they fixed the roof; it leaks even
worse than it did before. 屋面工修屋顶的时候骗了我，房子漏
得比以前更厉害了
bill of health /. /n a clean bill of health a favourable re-
port on the health of a person or the satisfactory condition of a
machine,organization etc〔人的〕健康良好证明书：〔机器，组织
等的)合格证明：The school was given a clean bill of health by
the inspector. 这学校经教育当局视察人员评定合格。
bill of lading /. . / bills of lading n tech an official docu-
ment stating that goods to be shipped have been received, and
giving the conditions under which they will be carried 提货
单，提单
bill of rights /. '/ n bills of rights (usually caps. 一般用大
写)a written statement of the most important rights of the citi
zens of a country 人权法案；权利法案
Bill of Rights, the part of the US CONSTITUTION (=the basic
laws of the country that cannot easily be changed) which is a
ist of the rights of US citizens, e. g. freedom of speech (=the
right to say what you want to say, including criticizing the
government), and freedom of religion. In the original Bill of
Rights(1791), ten rights were listed(=ten AMENDMENTS), but
since then several more have been added. 《人权法案》〔美国宪
法的一部分，列举了美国公民的权利，如言论自由，宗教信仰自由
等，最初的《人权法案》(1791)列举了10条权利，但自那时起又加
入了数条) — see also 另见 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
STATES, FIRST AMENDMENT
bill of sale /，'/ n bills of sale an official written statemen
that something has been sold by one person to another卖据
卖契
bil. low1/`bilo; 'bileu/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数]1 lit a wave. 
especially a very large one【文】波涛；巨浪 2 a rolling mass (as
of flame or mist) like a large wave 波涛般滚滚而来之物<如火
焰或雾霭>：billows of smoke 滚滚浓烟 — ~y adj
billow2v [I] 1 to rise and roll in waves 在波涛中翻滚，汹涌奔腾
2 [(OUT)] to swell out as a sail does 〔像帆一样地)扬起，鼓起
billowing skirts 扬起的裙子
bill pos. ter /'·/ also 又作 bill sticker n a person who puts up
advertising POSTERS, either as a job or (if unofficially) against
the law 张贴广告的工人
bil-ly /`bili; 'bili/ also 又作 bil-ly·can /bili kaen; 'bilikaen/ BrE
and AustrE -n a tin pot for cooking or boiling water when
camping【英和澳】〔露营时煮饭烧水用的〕铁皮罐
billy club /'. / also 又作 nightstick n AmE a short stick carried
by a police officer【美】警棍
billy goat /'. / n (used especially by or to children) a male
goat 公山羊〔尤用于儿语) — compare 比较 NANNY GOAT
billy-o/'. /n like billy-o BrE old-fash slang a lot; very strongly. 
fast,or fiercely【英，过时，俚】极度地；很强地；很快地；猛烈地
to run like billy-o 跑得很快
Billy the Kid /. / (1859-1881) a famous criminal in the
southwest US who killed many people and stole cattle until
he was finally caught and killed. There are many stories and
films about him. 小魔王比利〔(1859-1881)，美国西南部一个臭
名昭著的罪犯。他杀人偷牛，最终被捕并处决。有关他的小说和电
影有许多〕
bil. tong /bil,tan; 'bilton/ n [U] SAfrE meat dried in the sun
【南非】晒干的肉
bim. bo /'bimbo; 'bimbeu/ n infml an attractive but unintelli
gent young woman, especially one who has a sexual relation
ship with a politician or other public figure【非正式】[年轻貌
美但头脑简单的〕女子〔尤指和政界人物或其他社会名流有性关系
的人)：He's been seen with some blonde bimbo at nightclubs
around town, and his wife is furious,有人看到他和某个金发
女子一起出入镇上的夜总会，他太太气得发疯
bi. month. ly /bai`man0l; bar'man0li/ ady, adj appearing or
happening a every two months 两月一次地 [的]：a bimonthly
magazine 双月刊 b twice a month 一月两次地[的
bin'/bin: bin/ n (often in comb. 常构成复合词) 1 a large storage
container,e. g. for grain or coal大贮藏箱<如用于装谷物或煤的
容器>2 BrE a wide-mouthed container (especially one with a
lid) used in the home for bread, flour etc, or for waste〔尤指带
盖的)宽口箱<如面包箱、面粉罐、垃圾桶等>：a bread bin面包
箱 | a rubbish bin 垃圾箱 — see also 另见 DUSTBIN. LITTER
BIN,LOONY BIN
bin2v-nn- [T] BrE to put into a container for things to be
thrown away【英】把··扔进垃圾桶：“What shall I do with this
letter?”“Just bin it. ”“这封信我该怎么处理？”“就把它扔进垃圾
桶里。”
bi·na·ry /`baineri: 'bameri/ adj tech【术语】1 consisting of two
things or parts; double 由两个东西[部分]组成的：二重的，双的
2 (of a system of counting) using the two numbers. 0 and 1， as
a base. The binary system is used in computers because the
two numbers, 0 and 1， can be represented by an electrical sig-
nal that is either off or on. (电脑运算系统〕二进制的
binary weap. on /，. . . / n [C] a weapon made of two different
chemicals which are stored separately and are harmless when
they are separate, but which can kill people when they are
combined〔由两种相对无毒的化学物质组成，一旦结合可致命的)
合成化学武器
*bind'/baind; baind/ v bound /baund; baund/ 1 [T] usually fml
or lit to tie together, especially with rope【一般正式或文】〔尤
指用绳)捆，绑：Bind the prisoner's arms. 把那囚犯的双臂绑起
来。| The hostages were bound hand and foot. (=tied by
their hands and feet)人质的手脚都被捆住了。| Bind the pris-
oner to her chair. 把那个女囚绑在她坐的椅子上。|(fig. 喻)
shared commercial interests that bind the two companies to-
gether 把这两家公司的命运连在一起的共同商业利益| (fig. 喻)
We feel bound together by our past experiences. 我们感到我
们过去的经历把我们紧紧地联系在一起。2[T(UP)] to tie up
firmly 束紧：包扎：She bound (up) her hair,她把头发扎了起
来。| to bind up a wound with bandages 用绷带包扎伤口 3 [T
to fasten (a book) together and enclose it in a cover 装〔书
籍)4 [T] to strengthen or decorate with a border of material给··
加上饰边：给··镶边：to bind the edges of a rug 给小地毯镶上
边5 [I; T(TOGETHER)] to (cause to) stick together in a mass
(使)黏合；（使）凝结：This flour mixture isn't wet enough to
bind properly. 这面粉浆糊水不够，所以不黏。| The rain will
help to bind the earth (together). 这场雨有助于使泥土更黏固
6 [T] fml to cause to obey, especially by a law or a solemn
promise;have a duty(to)【正式】使受法律[承诺]约束；使负有
义务：I am bound by my promise, 我必须遵守自己的诺言。
[+obi+to-y] They bound him to remain silent,他们要他答应
定保持沉默。 — see also 另见 BOUND
bind sbdy. over phr v [T] BrE law to order (someone) to
cause no more trouble under threat of legal punishment【英，
律】命令〔某人〕具结[保证]不再闹事：The two young offenders
were bound over to keep the peace for 18 months. 两名少年
犯被勒令依法具结在一年半的时间内不得有妨害治安的行为
bind2 n [S] infml an annoying or difficult situation【非正式】窘
境：困境：Their refusal to sign the contract has put us in a bit
of a bind. 他们拒绝签约，从而使我们的处境有些困难。- see
also 另见 DOUBLE BIND
bind. er /`bainde; 'bainde/ n 1 [C] a machine or person that
binds, especially books〔书籍的)装订机：装订者：Your book is
still at the binder's. 你的书仍在装订商那里。2 [C] especially
AmE a usually removable cover, especially for holding sheets
of paper, magazines etc【尤美】活页封面，活页夹 — see also另
见 RING BINDER 3 [C; U] a substance that makes things stick
together 黏合物 4 [C] AmE an agreement involving a payment
of money(DEPOSIT) by someone to show that they intend to
buy some property【美】〔购买不动产时包括预付订金在内的〕保
证书，临时契约
binder pa-per /'. . / n [U] AmE paper used by students to
write notes on, with small holes in the left side so that it can be
put in a binder【美】〔左侧带有小孔，可放入活页夹内供学生做笔
记用的〕活页纸
bind. ing1/^baindin; 'baindin/ n1 [C] a book cover 书籍的封面：
The binding of this book is torn. 这本书的封面撕破了。2[U]
material sewn or stuck along the edge of something, such as a
dress, for strength or decoration〔衣服等的〕镶边；边饰；滚条
binding2 adj (of something written) having the power to de-
mand obedience (e. g. to a law) or fulfilment (e. g. of a promise)
〔书面材料〕有约束力的；应履行的；a binding agreement 具有
约束力的协议 | The contract is binding on everyone who
signed it. 所有签约者均应遵守合约。
bind-weed /baind,wid; 'baindwi:d/ n [U] a plant which curls
itself round other plants; wild CONVOLVULUS 旋花属植物；旋
花蔓
binge' /bind3; bind3/ n 1 infml a period of drinking, wild
behaviour etc【非正式】饮酒作乐：They went on a binge and
didn't get back until three in the morning!他们昨夜饮酒作乐
直到清晨3点钟才回来！ 2 tech a period of eating a very large
amount of food, done by someone suffering from an EATING
DISORDER【术语】〔因患饮食失调症而引起的〕食欲过盛 -com
pare 比较JAG
binge2v [I (on)] to eat a lot of food very quickly, especially as
0153
a result of an EATING DISORDER (=a medical condition in which
you either eat too much or too little)〔尤因患饮食失调症而引
起)暴食：She used to binge on chocolate and cookies. 她过去
常大吃巧克力和小甜饼！
bin. go /bingo; 'bingeu/ n, interj1 [U] a game played for money
or prizes, in which numbers chosen by chance are called ou
and players cross out these numbers if they appear on their
own cards. The first player to cross out all the numbers on his
or her card shouts out 'Bingo!' or 'House!' In Britain, bingo is
generally thought of as a game played by working-class womer
in the evening. In the US, it is usually played by older people
and games are often run by the Catholic Church or on Native
American lands (RESERVATIONS). Bingo is illegal in some
American states because it is considered to be gambling
(GAMBLE). 宾戈游戏〔一种彩票式游戏，玩者使用一张有数字的
牌，把开叫的号码划去，第一位划去自己的牌上所有号码者喊“宾
戈！”或“满！”。在英国，宾戈通常被认为是劳动阶级妇女晚上所玩
的游戏。在美国，宾戈通常是年纪较大的人玩的游戏，一般由天主
教会主持或在印第安人居住的地方进行。宾戈游戏在美国有些州
为非法，因为它被视为是一种赌博〕2 infml (an expression of
pleasure at a sudden successful result)【非正式】〔对突然成功所
表示的兴奋叫声)好！妙！：Bingo! That will make a great photo!
好！拍得不错！
Bin Laden. Osama (1956- ) a businessman from Saudi Arabia
who is regarded by the US government as a TERRORIST. Bin
Laden comes from a very wealthy family, but he now lives ir
Afghanistan, where he is believed to operate a military camp
for training people to take part in the JIHAD (=holy war) against
the US. American officials believe he has been responsible for
several terrorist attacks, including the bombing of the US EM
BASSY in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998， and in 1998 President
Clinton ordered US forces to bomb Bin Laden's camp in
Afghanistan. 本·拉登〔(1956-)，沙特阿拉伯商人，被美国政府
视为恐怖分子。他出生于一个极其富有的家庭，但目前居住在阿富
汗，据说他在那里建立了一个军营训练民众参加反美圣战。美国官
员认为他与几宗恐怖主义袭击有关，包括1998年美国驻肯尼亚和
坦桑尼亚大使馆爆炸事件。1998年克林顿总统命令美国军队炸毁
本·拉登在阿富汗的营地〕
bin-lin. er /'. / n BrE a plastic bag which is placed inside a
DUSTBIN and used to collect waste【英】〔放于垃圾箱内的〕塑料
垃圾袋
bin. man /`binmaen; 'binmaen/ n-men /-man; -men/ BrE infm
one of the men who come to people's houses to empty their
DUSTBINS【英，非正式】上门收垃圾的清洁工
bi. noc. u. lars /bai`nakjele-z; bi'nokjglez/ n [P] a pair of glasses
like short TELESCOPES for both eyes, used for looking at dis-
tant objects 双筒望远镜：I watched the horse-race through my
binoculars,我用双筒望远镜观看赛马。-- see_参见 PAIR
(USAGE)-binocular adj
binocular vi·sion /·，·'·/ n [U] tech the ability to FOCUS both
eyes on one object, possessed by humans, monkeys, and some
birds【术语】〔人、猴及某些鸟类具有的〕双眼视觉
bi. no·mi·al /bar`nomiel; bai'neumiel/ n, adjtech (an expression)
consisting of two numbers, letters etc, connected by the sign +
or the sign -(like a+b or x-7)【术语】〔数学〕二项式（的）<如
a+b或x-7>
bio- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
bi. o. chem. is. try /baio`kemistri;,baieu'kemstri/ n [U](the
scientific study of) the chemistry of living things 生物化学
bi. o. da·ta /`baio,dete; 'bareu, deite/ n [U] a short piece of writ-
ing giving information about someone's life and work, used
especially to tell you about the writer of a book or article 〔尤指
作者的〕生平简介
bi·o·de·gra·da·ble /baiodi`gredebl;baieudi'greidebal/ad
tech, usually apprec able to be broken down into harmless
products by the natural action of living things (e. g. bacteria)
【术语，一般褒】能被细菌等生物的自然作用分解成无害物的，微生
物可降解[分解]的：biodegradable packaging 可借微生物降解
处理的包装材料
bi. o. di·ver. si·ty /，baiodai`v3siti;,baieudai'v3:sti/ n [U] all the
different types of plant and animal that live in an area, used
especially when you are talking about protecting the environ-
ment生物多类状态，生物多样性〔尤在讨论环境保护问题时使用)：
a new international agreement to preserve the forest's biodi-
versity一项旨在保护森林中生物多样性的国际协定
bi. o·feed·back /，baio`fidbaek;,baieu'fi:dbaek/ n [U] a method
of learning to consciously control usually unconscious physi-
cal tension, by using an electronic machine to measure this
tension (such as blood pressure) and watching which of vari-
ous mental and physical exercises are successful at reducing it
生物反馈〔指对通常是无意识的生理紧张加以有意识的控制，其方
法是运用一电子仪器测量紧张程度（如血压），并观察何种心理或
生理上的锻炼能有效地降低这种紧张程度〕
bi. og. ra·pher /bai`agrefe; bai'pgrefe/ n a writer of biography
传记作者：Dr Johnson's famous biographer, James Boswell
为约翰逊博士写传的著名传记作家詹姆斯·鲍斯韦尔
bi. og. ra·phy /bai`agrefi; bai'pgrefi/ n 1 [C] an account of a
person's life written by someone else〔由他人撰写的〕传记：
Boswell wrote a famous biography of Dr Johnson. 博斯韦尔
为约翰逊博士写过一本著名传记。2[U] this branch of litera
ture 传记文学 — compare 比较 AUTOBIOGRAPHY --phical
/baie`graefikl; baie'graefikel/, --phic adj--phically /-kli
-kli/ adv
biological clock /baielad3ikl `klak; baielod3ikel 'klDk/ also
又作 body clock n [S] the system in plants, animals, and hu-
mans which controls some types of behaviour. In animals, this
includes sleeping, eating, and biological events such as the
MENSTRUAL CYCLE in females. Women sometimes talk about
being conscious of their biological clock when they realise that
they will soon be too old to have children. 生物钟〔指植物、动
物以及人类控制某些行为的一个体系。对于动物，这包括吃、睡以
及一些生命现象，如女性的月经周期。当女性意识到自己不久将因
年龄太大而不能生育时，有时会谈及对自己的生物钟的感觉〕
biological con. trol /，··. '/n [U] the control of PESTS (=usually
small animals or insects which harm or destroy food supplies)
by biological means (e. g. by the introduction of something
harmless to humans and crops which eats, lives on, or co
petes against the pest)生物控制〔指利用天敌通过生物方式对害
虫进行控制〕
biological war·fare /，·· '·/ also 又作 germ warfare - 
[U] methods of fighting a war in which living things such as
BACTERIA are used to poison, spread disease, damage crops
etc 生物战，细菌战 — compare 比较 CHEMICAL WARFARE
bi. ol. o. gy /bai`aled3i; bai'pled3i/ n [U] 1 the scientific study
of living things 生物学：She has a degree in biology. 她具有生
物学的学位。| a biology lesson 一堂生物学课 2 the scientific
laws of the life of a certain type of living thing〔某种生物的)生
活规律（和现象）；生态学：the biology of bacteria 细菌的生态
学[生活规律] - -gist n--gical /，baie`lad3ik];,baie'lod3ikel/
adj- -gically /-kli; -kli/ adv: Biologically speaking, they're
plants. 从生物学的角度说，它们是植物
bi. o. mass /baiomaes; 'baieumaes/ n [U] tech matter from dead
or living plants or animals; organic matter, especially when
burned to provide heat【术语】生物量：cow dung, wood, and
other biomass fuels 牛粪、木柴以及其他有机燃料
bi. on. ic /bai`anik; bai'onik/ adj infml having greater than hu-
man powers (such as speed, strength etc)【非正式】〔速度、力量
等〕超人的
bi. o. phys. ics /baio`fiziks;baieu'fiziks/ n [U] the science con-
cerned with the study of matter and natural forces in living
things 生物物理学
bi. o. pic /`baio pik; 'baieu,pik/ n a film that tells the story of
someone's life 传记影片：a biopic about Gandhi 一部有关甘
地生平的电影
bi. op. sy /bar`apsi; 'baiopsi/ n the removal of cells, liquids etc,
from the body of a sick person to discover the nature of the
disease or to find out which parts of the body are infected 活组
织检查，活体检视
bi·o. rhyth·ms /`baio rioemz; 'baieu,riamz/n [P] the supposec
regular increases and decreases in the activity of the living
processes of a person or animal, that are believed to influence
behaviour and feelings 生物节律〔一种据认为存在于生物体内的
周期性的变化现象，被认为会对行为与情感产生影响
bi. o-scope /`baieskop; 'baieskeup/ n SAfrE a cinema【南非】电
影院
bi. o. sphere /`baie,sfir; 'baiesfie'/ n [the] tech the part of the
world in which life can exist【术语】生物圈〔地球上生命可存在
的区域〕
bi·o·tech·nolo. gy /baiotsk`naled3i;,baieutek'noled3i/n [U]
1 the use in science and industry of living things such as cells
and bacteria to make drugs and chemicals, destroy waste mat-
ter etc 生物技术学 2 AmE ERGONOMICS【美】工效学，人类工程
学
bi. par. ti. san /bai`partezn; baipa:t'zaen/ adj of or represent-
ing two political parties 两党的；代表两党的：a bipartisan com-
mittee 由两党组成的委员会 | The new law has bipartisan
support. 新法令获两党的支持
bi·par. tite /bai`partait; bai'pa:tait/ adj 1 having two parts 具有
两部分的，由两部分构成的：a bipartite leaf二裂叶2 agreed
upon or shared by two groups 双方同意的；双方共有的：a bi-
0154
partite treaty 双边条约 — compare 比较 TRIPARTITE
bi·ped/`baiped; 'baiped/ n tech a two-legged animal【术语】两
足动物- compare比较QUADRUPED
bi. plane/`bai plen; 'baiplein/ n an aircraft, especially of a type
built in the early 20th century, with two sets of wings, one
above the other 双翼飞机〔尤指20世纪初期有上下两层机翼的
飞机) — compare 比较 MONOPLANE
birch1/b3tf; b3:tf/ n 1 [C; U] (wood from) a tree, common in
northern countries, with a smooth BARK and thin branches 桦
树；桦木 — see also 另见 SILVER BIRCH 2 [C; the] a stick made
from birch wood, used for punishing. The birch is still avai-
lable as a punishment on the Isle of Man, but nowhere else ir
Britain or the US. Some older people in Britain would like to
bring back the birch'for football HOOLIGANS and VANDALS
〔用于体罚的〕桦条，桦木笞〔在英国或美国，除马恩岛外其他地方
已不再用桦条笞打作为惩罚了。英国一些年纪较大的人则希望“恢
复桦条笞打的方法”，以惩罚足球流氓和故意破坏公物者〕-see
also 另见 SILVER BIRCH
birch2v [T] to whip or hit, especially with a birch, as a punish-
ment〔用桦条〕抽打，鞭笞
swallow
燕子
thrush
鸫；画眉
beak
鸟喙
breast
胸脯
wing
翅膀
claw 爪
*bird/b3d; b3:d/ n 1a creature with wings and feathers which
can usually fly in the air 鸟，禽 2 BrE slang, becoming old
fash a young woman (usually considered offensive to women)
【英俚，渐过时】年轻女人，少女，小妞〔通常被认为是对妇女无礼的
称呼)：Who was that bird I saw you with last night?昨天晚上
我见到你陪着的那个小妞是谁？3 old-fash infml a person,es
becially one who is odd or remarkable【过时，非正式】〔奇特的]
人，家伙；非凡的人：He's a strange old bird. 他是个古怪的老
头。4 saying a bird in the hand (is worth two in the bush)
something you already have or are sure of getting (is better
than something else which you may not get in the end)【谚】双
鸟在林不如一鸟在手：已到手的东西〔总比不一定能到手的东西
强)；有把握得到的东西 5 birds of a feather infml people of
the same kind (often bad)【非正式】同类的人，一丘之貉〔常指坏
人)：I'm not surprised those two are such friends; they're
birds of a feather!那两个家伙交情这么好我并不感到奇怪,他
们是臭味相投的一对！ 6 do bird BrE slang to spend a period
of time in prison【英俚】蹲监狱 7 for the birdsAmE infml silly:
not practical or sensible【美，非正式】荒唐的；不实用的，不合理
的 8 give someone the bird infml, especially BrE to make
rude noises to show disapproval of someone【非正式，尤英】向
某人发嘘声，对某人喝倒彩：The crowd gave him the bird. 人群
向他发出一片嘘声。9(strictly) for the birds slang, especially
AmE worthless; silly【俚，尤美】毫无用处的；乏味无聊的 10 the
bird has flown infml the person needed or wanted has gone
away or escaped【非正式】要抓的人跑了；需要的人走了 11 the
birds and bees euph or humor the facts about sex, especially
as told to children; FACTS OF LIFE【婉或幽】〔尤指可对儿童讲
的)有关两性的基本常识：He knows all about the birds and the
bees. 他对男女间的事知道得一清二楚。 — see also 另见 EARLY
BIRD, WATER BIRD, eat like a bird (EAT (7))， kill two birds
with one stone (KILL') 12 give someone the bird AmE【美】
also 又作 flip (someone) the bird a to make a very rude sign
by putting your middle finger up and your other fingers in a
fist, when someone has done something that makes you angry
〔以手握拳竖起中指〕做下流手势：The guy in the blue Mustang
just gave me the bird. What's his problem?坐在蓝色野马车里
的家伙对我做了个下流手势，他脑子有毛病吧？| The ad shows
Graham flipping the bird during an outdoor concert in Sar
francisco. 广告上格雷厄姆在圣弗朗西斯科的户外音乐会上做下
流手势。b BrE to show strong disapproval of someone who is
singing, acting, or speaking in public【英】[对在公众场合演唱、
表演、演讲的人)表示强烈反对：He wasn't much good, and the
audience really gave him the bird. 他表演不佳，观众极其不满。|
When he put forward these ideas, he was given the bird, even
by the socialist delegates. 当他提出这些想法时遭到大家的反
对，即使是社会主义代表也对他表示很不赞成
birds鸟
Bird, Lar. ry /`laeri; 'laeri/ (1956- ) a US BASKETBALL player
who led the Boston Celtics to win the NBA (=National Bas-
ketball Association) CHAMPIONSHIP three times. He was con-
sidered one of the best players of the 1980s, and he stopped
playing in 1992. 伯德〔(1956-)，美国篮球运动员，曾率领波士
顿凯尔特人队3次夺得美国全国篮球协会冠军，被认为是20世纪
sparrow
80年代最出色的球员之一。他于1992年退役〕
麻雀
bird·bath /`b3-dba0; 'b3:dba:0/ n a small, usually round bath
that is not very deep and is put in a garden for birds to bathe in
〔放在园中供鸟洗澡的〕鸟澡盆
bird-brained/'· ·/ adj infml stupid; silly【非正式】笨的；愚蠢的
bird dog/'· ·/ n AmE for【美】= GUNDOG
bird·ie'/`b3-di; 'b3:di/ n 1 (used to or by children) a little bird
〔几语)小鸟儿 2 (in GOLF) a SCORE of one stroke less than PAR
on a hole 小鸟球〔高尔夫球赛中比规定击球次数少一击的入穴)
-1
3 AmE SHUTTLECOCK【美】羽毛球 4 watch the birdie humor
woodpecker
a phrase said by someone who is just about to take a photograph
啄木鸟
【幽】看镜头〔准备按快门时用语〕 — compare 比较 say CHEESE
birdie2v [T] (in GOLF) to play (a hole) in one stroke under PAR
〔高尔夫球中〕以比规定击球次数少一击的成绩打入
bird·lime/`b3d laim; 'b3:dlaim/ also 又作 lime - n [U] a sticky
substance spread on branches to catch small birds〔涂在树枝上
捕小鸟用的〕黏鸟胶
kingfisher
bird of par. a. dise /'·. / n a brightly coloured bird of the
翠鸟
New Guinea area 天堂鸟，极乐鸟〔新几内亚地区的一种羽毛鲜
艳的鸟〕
bird of pas. sage/'·. / n 1 a bird that flies from one country
or area to another, according to the season 候鸟 2 BrE infml a
person who never stays in one place very long【英，非正式】漂
tail feather
泊不定的人
尾羽
bird of prey/,'/ n a bird that kills other birds and small
animals for food 猛禽
Bird's/b3dz; b3:dz/ trademark a type of powder that is mixed
with milk and sugar to make CUSTARD(=a thick yellow liquid
made with eggs and eaten with sweet food, especially in the
UK)【商标】雀牌蛋奶甜羹粉
bird·seed /`b3d sid; 'b3:dsi:d/ n [U] a mixture of small seeds
for feeding caged birds〔喂给鸟吃的〕鸟食
Bird's Eye /'/ trademark a company that produces several
types of frozen foods, especially fish. Its products are adver-
tised by Captain Bird's Eye, a cheerful old sailor with white
hair and a white beard. 【商标】雀目公司〔一家生产冷冻食品尤其
是冷冻鱼的公司，其产品由雀目船长—一位白发白须的快乐老
水手来做宣传广告〕
bird's-eve view /，·'·/ n [(of)] a view seen from above or
from the sky 鸟瞰（图），〔自高处俯视的)全景：a marvellous
bird's-eye view of the whole city极出色的全城鸟瞰图
bird-song/`b3dson; 'b3:dson/ n [U] the musical noises made
by birds 悦耳的鸟鸣
bird-watch. er/',·/ n a person who watches wild birds in their
natural surroundings, and tries to recognize different types野
鸟观察者；野鸟生态研究者
bi. ret·ta /be`rete; b'rete/ n a square cap worn especially by
Roman Catholic priests〔尤指天主教神职人员戴的〕四角帽，法冠
bir. i·a. ni, biryani /，biri`ani;,bIri'a:ni/ n [U] a hot tasty Indian
rice dish mixed with meat, fish, vegetables etc 〔一种混有肉、
鱼、蔬菜等辛辣美味的〕印度烩饭
Bir. ken. stocks /b3kenstaks; 'b3:kenstoks/ trademark a type
of leather SANDAL (=a shoe that is open at the toes and heel)
0155
with a wide flat bottom, which is designed to be comfortable
rather than fashionable. They are often thought of as being
worn by people who want to protect the environment, who only
eat natural food, and who want a simple life without too many
possessions. 【商标】“伯肯斯托克斯”牌凉鞋〔一种鞋底宽平的皮制
凉鞋，是为追求舒适而非时髦设计的。在人们印象中，穿这种鞋的
人常常是环境保护主义者，他们只吃天然食品，没有太多物质财
富，渴望过简朴生活)
Bir·ming. ham /`b3minem: 'b3:minem/ 1 a city in the West
Midlands of England, the second largest city in the UK, known
in the past as a dirty industrial city where cars were made, but
now also known as a centre of art and classical music 伯明翰
〔位于西英格兰中部地区，为英国第二大城市。该市过去是一个肮
脏的汽车工业城市，现在以艺术及古典音乐中心闻名〕- see
colour map on page A1 参见A1页彩色地图 2 a city in Ala
bama in the US. During the 1960s, there were many protests in
Birmingham about the way that black people were treated, as
part of the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. Some of these protests
were violent, such as the race RIOTS of 1963， and others were
non-violent, such as the protests led by Martin Luther KING. 伯
明翰〔位于美国亚拉巴马州的一个城市，20世纪60年代，作为民
权运动一部分的抗议黑人所受待遇的事件此起彼伏。其中有些是
暴力性的，如1963年的种族暴乱，有些是非暴力的，如马丁·路德
金领导的抗议活动)- see colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-
3页彩色地图
Birmingham Six, the /，. . '/ six Irishmen who were sent to
prison in 1974 for putting IRA bombs in two Birmingham pubs
killing 21 people. They always said that they were not guilty
and they were let out of prison in 1991 after new facts were
discovered about the way the police had dealt with their case. 
伯明翰六君子〔指被认定于1974年在伯明翰两家小酒馆里为爱尔
兰共和军放置炸弹，炸死21人而入狱的6名爱尔兰人，但他们始
终坚持自己是无辜的。1991年，在当时警方审理该案件的方式中
发现新的事实后，他们获得释放〕 — see also另见 BRIDGEWATER
FOUR, GUILDFORD FOUR
Bir-nam Wood /，b3nem `wud;,b3:nem 'wud/ the wood near
Birnam in Perthshire, Scotland. In Shakespeare's play
Macbeth, Macbeth is told that he will only be defeated when
Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane. Later, his enemy's army
comes through Birnam Wood and each soldier cuts a large
branch to hide himself, so that when the army moves on it
looks as if the wood is moving. Macbeth is defeated and killed. 
伯纳姆森林〔苏格兰珀斯郡伯纳姆附近的一处森林。在莎士比亚戏
剧《麦克白》中，麦克白知道除非伯纳姆森林被移到邓西嫩来，否则
他永不失败。后来，敌人的军队穿过伯纳姆森林时，士兵各砍下大
树枝来隐蔽自己，这样部队前进就如森林在移动一般，麦克白战败
了并被刺死
bi. ro /bairo; 'baiareu/ biros BrE trademark a type of BALLPOINT
【英，商标】“伯罗”牌圆珠笔：原子笔：written with a birolin biro
用圆珠[原子]笔写的
Birt /b3t; b3:t/. Sir John (1944-) a British businessman who
worked for many years in television, and who became the Di
rector-General(=chief manager) of the BBC in 1992. He made
a lot of changes in the way the BBC was organized, and some
people have criticized him for paying too much attention to
ideas about management. 伯特〔(1944-)，英国商人，从事电视
行业多年，1992年成为英国广播公司总裁。他对该公司的组织结
构作了大量变动，有人批评他把太多的心思花在管理理念上〕
*birth /b30; b3:0/ n 1 [C; U] the act, time, or process of being
born, of coming into the world out of the body of a female
parent 出生，分娩，出世，诞生：the birth of a child 一个婴儿的
出生 | The father was present at the birth,那婴儿出生时其父
亲在场。| Last year there were more births than deaths. 去年
的出生人数大于死亡人数。| The baby weighed eight pounds
at birth,那婴儿生下来时重八磅。| She gave hirth to a fine
healthy baby. 她生了一个健康漂亮的婴儿。| (fig. 喻) the birth
of a new nation/political party 一个新国家[新政党]的诞生 -
comipare 比较 DEATH (1) — see also 另见 DATE OF BIRTH 2 [U
family origin 出身；血统；家世，家系，门第：of noble birth 出身
高贵She is French by birth,她的父母是法国人。
birth cer. tif. i. cate /'. . / n an official document that shows
when and where you were born, and gives the names of your
parents 出生证明书
birth con-trol /'·/ n [U] the practice of limiting, by any of
various methods, the number of children born; CONTRACEP-
TION 节育；避孕：to practise birth control 实行节育 | a birth
control clinic 节育诊所
*birth. day /`b30,de; 'b3: 0dei/ n 1 a day which is an exact year
or number of years after one was born 生日，诞辰：my 21st
birthday 我的21岁生日| a birthday party 庆祝生日的聚会|
Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐！ — compare 比较 AN
NIVERSARY
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Most people in the US
and the UK celebrate their birthdays, and their friends and
family usually give them presents and birthday cards(=a
folded piece of card with a picture on the front and a mes-
sage inside). Young children often have a birthday party
in their homes. They decorate the house with BALLOONS
and play games such as MUSICAL CHAIRS. In the US they
traditionally eat cake and ICE CREAM, and in the UK they
eat JELLY and ice cream. Both children and adults often
have a special birthday cake with small CANDLES on it. 
Their friends and family sing them a song called'Happy
Birthday to You', and then the person whose birthday it is
blows out all the candles. Adults sometimes have a su
1r
prise party(=one that their friends or family organize
without telling them), and people often celebrate with a
big party for special ages such as 18 and 21， and then 30. 
40. 50,60etc. 英美两国大多数人都庆祝生日，他们的朋友和
家人一般送礼物和生日卡。小孩子常在家举办生日聚会。他
们用汽球来装饰屋子，玩随乐声抢椅子游戏。在美国，人们习
惯上吃蛋糕和冰淇淋；在英国，人们吃果冻和冰淇淋。不管是
小孩还是成年人一般都会得到一个插着小蜡烛的蛋糕，朋友和
家人为他唱《祝你生日快乐》，之后便由寿星来吹灭蜡烛。成年
人有时会举办惊喜聚会，即为某人准备但事先瞒着他的聚会。
人们常在特定年龄过大生日，如18岁、21岁、30岁、40岁、50
岁、60岁,以此类推。- see Cultural Note at参见
CELEBRATION. WISH 文化注释
2 in one's birthday suit infml humor having no clothes on;
NAKED【非正式，幽】一丝不挂的；赤条条的
Birthday Hon. ours, the /'·，. ·/ n [P] special honours given to
a number of British people by the Queen each year on her
birthday, as a reward for their achievements or good work英
女王在生日时颁发的荣誉称号〔授予英国公民以表彰他们所取得的
成就或出色的工作) — see also 另见 NEW YEAR'S HONOURS
birth. ing /`b30in; 'b3:0in/ adj [A] birthing room/chair/poola
special room, chair, or pool used by a woman when she is giv-
ing birth to a baby 分娩时所用的产房[产椅、产盆]
birth-mark /`b30,mark; 'b3: 0ma:k/ n a usually red or brown
mark on the skin at birth 胎记，胎痣
birth pa. rent /'·/ n the mother who actually gave birth to
you, or your natural father; used in comparison with other sorts
of parents, such as adoPTive, SURROGATE, FOSTER etc(指与
养父[母]、代父[母]相对而言的〕生父[母]，亲生父[母]
birth·place /`b30,ples; 'b3:0pleis/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数]
the place where someone was born 出生地；发源地：Stratford-
upon-Avon was Shakespeare's birthplace. 埃文河畔的斯特拉
特福是莎士比亚的出生地。| (fig. 喻) Cooperstown, New York,
is said to be the birthplace of baseball. 据说纽约州的库珀斯
敦是棒球的发源地。
birth. rate /`b30 ret; 'b3: 0reit/ n the number of births for every
100 or every 1000 people in a particular year in a particular
place 出生率：a birthrate of three per 100 3%的出生率 | a
rapidly increasing birthrate 迅速增长的出生率-compare比
较DEATH RATE
birth. right /`b3·0,rait; 'b3:0rait/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] a
right or set of rights that belongs to someone because of the
family or nation they come from 与生俱来的权利；由于出身
国籍等而获得的权利：Freedom is our birthright. 自由是我们
与生俱来的权利。
birth. stone /b30ston; 'b3:0steun/ n the valuable stone which
is connected with the month of the year in which one was born
诞生石〔象征出生月份的宝石〕：If you were born in July, then
your birthstone is a ruby. 如果你是7月出生的，那么你的诞生
石是红宝石。
Birt whis tle /`b3twisl; 'b3:twisal/, Sir Harrison (1934-)an
English COMPOSER known for his modern music for voices and
instruments, including Tragoedia and Ring a Dumb Carillon
伯特威斯尔〔(1934-)，英国作曲家，以现代声乐器乐曲闻名，包
括《特拉戈蒂亚》和《敲响沉默的排钟》〕
bir. ya. ni /，biri`ani;biri'a:ni/ — see 参见 BIRIANI
Biscay, Bay of -see 参见 BAY OF BISCAY
bis cuit /`biskit; 'bisk|t/ n 1 [C] BrE【英】‖ cookie AmE【美】-
a flat thin dry cake, sweetened or unsweetened, usually sold in
packets or tins 饼干：We had coffee and biscuits. 我们喝咖啡
吃饼干。2 [C] AmE for【美】= SCONE 3 [U] a light yellowish
brown colour 淡褐色，饼干色 4 [U] tech cups, plates etc made
of baked clay, after their first heating in the fire but before the
0156
GLAZE is put on【术语】素坯瓷，本色陶瓷器〔已经烧过一次但尚
未上釉的黏土制品)5 take the biscuit BrE slang to be the best/
worst thing one has ever seen or heard of【英俚】所见到或听到
的最妙[最糟]的事：This latest excuse of his really takes the
biscuit!他最近这个借口真是妙不可言！
bi. sect/bai`sckt; bai'sekt/ v [T] tech to divide into two usually
equal parts【术语】把··一分为二；把·二等分 — ~ion /bar`sakfen;
bai'sek[an/ n [U]
bi·sex·u·al /bai`sckfuel; bari'sek fuel/ adj1 possessing qualities
of both sexes 具有雌雄两性特征的，雌雄同体的，两性的：a bi
sexual plant 雌雄同株的植物 2 sexually attracted to people of
both sexes 对男女两性都有性欲的 — compare 比较 HETERO
SEXUAL, HOMOSEXUAL, LESBIAN - bisexual n — ~ly adv -
~ity /baisckfu`aeleti;bai. sekfu'aelati/n[U]
bish·op/`bifep; 'bifep/ n 1 (often cap. 常用大写)(in some
branches of the Christian Church) a high-ranking priest ir
charge of all the churches and priests in a large area (a DIOCESE)
〔基督教某些教派管辖大教区的)主教：Archbishop Desmond
Tutu 德斯蒙德·图图大主教 | the Bishop of Durham 达勒姆郡
的主教 2 (in CHESS) a piece that can be moved any number of
squares from one corner towards the opposite corner〔国际象
棋的)象 — see also 另见 as the actress said to the bishop
(ACTRESS)
bish. op. ric /bifeprik; 'bifoprik/ n the position of a bishop, or
the area (DIOCESE) that a bishop is in charge of 主教之职位；主
教管辖的教区
Bis-marck /`bizmark; 'bizma:k/, Ot. to von /`ato van; 'Dted
von/(1815-1898) a German politician who was mainly respon. 
sible for joining all the separate German states together to form
one country, and who then became CHANCELLOR of Germany. 
He was known as the 'Iron Chancellor'. 俾斯麦 〔 (1815-1898)，
德国政治家，他的功劳在于把分散的德国各州统一成一个国家，并
成为德意志帝国的宰相。他以“铁血宰相”著称〕
bis. muth /`bizme0; 'bizme0/ n [U] a grey-white metal that is a
simple substance (ELEMENT), is easily broken, and is used in
medicine〔金属元素〕铋
bi·son /`baisn; 'baisan/ also 又作 buffalo - n bison or bisons
a large wild animal like a cow formerly common in Europe
and N America, with a very large head and shoulders covered
with hair 犁牛〔昔日常见于欧洲和北美的一种野牛，头部巨大，肩
部长满鬃毛〕
bisque /bisk; bisk/ n [U] thick cream soup, especially made
from SHELLFISH〔尤指贝类煮成的〕奶油浓汤：lobster bisque 龙
虾奶油浓汤
Bis. quick /`biskwik; 'biskwik/ trademark a type of mixture of
flour and other substances needed to make PANCAKES. 
WAFFLES,or BISCUITS(2)【商标】“必是快”牌小麦混合粉〔用来
做薄煎饼、华夫饼或烤饼的原料〕
Bis to /`bisto; 'bisteu/ trademark a type of GRAVY (1) in pow
der form, known especially for its advertising phrase 'Aah!
Bisto!', and the children used in its advertisements, called the
Bisto Kids【商标】“百事图”牌肉松〔一种粉状肉松，尤其以广告
词“啊，百事图”闻名，广告中出现的孩子被称为百事图儿童〕
bis. tro /`bistro; 'bi:streu/ n-tros a small BAR' (3) or restaurant;
especially one that is fashionable and popular〔尤指时髦、大众
化的〕小酒吧：小餐馆
*bit'/bit; bit/ n 1 [C (of)] a small piece or amount 一小块；一小
片；少量，少许：The floor was covered in bits of paper/bits of
broken glass. 地板上覆盖着碎纸片[碎玻璃]。2 [C (of)] espe-
cially BrE any part or piece of something larger【尤英】部分；
片段：小块：Who would like the last bit of cake?哪位想吃剩下
的一小块蛋糕？ | I liked the bit when the shark suddenly ap. 
peared behind the boat - that was the best bit in the whole
film. 我喜欢鲨鱼突然出现在船尾时的那一段情节，整个电影最精
彩的就是那一段了。3 [S+of] especially BrE a certain amount:
some【尤英】一点儿; 一些; a bit of bad news 一些坏消息 | I'm
going to do a bit of Christmas shopping. 我要去买一点儿过圣
诞节用的东西。| There's been a bit of trouble at the office. 办
公室里出了点儿麻烦。| I did a bit of teaching before I be·
came a writer, 我成为作家之前教过一点书。4 [S] a short time
短时间，片刻：I'm going out for a bit. 我要出去一会儿。5 [C]
infml【非正式】a BrE a small coin, especially one worth three
or six old pence【英】〔尤指价值3或6旧便士的)小硬币：a
sixpenny bit 一枚6便士硬币 b AmE 12 /2 cents【美】12. 5 美分
I wouldn't give you two bits(=25 cents) for that old book!那
本旧书连2角5分钱都不值！ — see also 另见 TWO-BIT 6 a bit
infml to some degree; rather【非正式】有点儿；稍微：I'm a bit
tired, 我有点儿累。| We need a bit more time, 我们还需要一
点儿时间。| Your article is a bit (too) long for our paper. 你
的文章对我们的报纸来说稍微长了一点儿。| Could you turn the
radio down a bit, please,请您把收音机的音量稍微调低一点儿。
| He's a bit of a bore. (=he's rather BORING)他多少有点儿招
人厌烦。|I wasn't a bit worried. (=I wasn't worried at all)我
一点儿也没担忧。| She's not a bit like her sister,她一点儿也
不像她姐姐。— see 参见 MORE (USAGE); see 参见 LAN-
GUAGE NOTE: Gradable and Non-gradable Adjectives 7 a
bit much also 又作 a bit thick - especially BrE more than is
acceptable or fair; unreasonable【尤英】太过分；不合理：I think
it's a bit much that she expects us to work at weekends. 我认
为她要求我们在周末工作是太过分了。8 bit by bit also 又作 a
bit at a time - infml gradually; little by little【非正式】逐渐
地，一点一点地 9 bits and pieces/bobs infml small things of
various kinds【非正式】各种零碎的小东西：Let me get my bits
and pieces together. 让我来把自己的零星杂物收拾好。10 do
your bit BrE infml to do one's share of work that needs to be
done【英，非正式】尽自己的本分：We'll soon get it finished if
we all do our bit. 如果我们都尽力而为，就会很快做完那工作的。
11 every bit as infml just as【非正式】完全一样；同样是：She's
every bit as clever as her sister. 她像她姐姐一样聪明。 12 to
bits into small pieces 成为碎片：The bridge was blown to bits
by the explosion. 那座桥被炸得粉碎。| (fig. 喻) My nerves
have gone (all) to bits lately. 近来,我的精神全垮了。-- see
also 另见 BIT OF FLUFF, BIT PART 13 a bit on the side BrE
spoken used about someone you are having a secret sexual
relationship with when you are already married or are in a se-
rious romantic relationship【英口】情妇；情夫：Angela was the
last to find out about her husband's bit on the side - in the
end one of her friends told her. 安吉拉是最后发现丈夫有了情
妇的人—结果还是她一个朋友告诉她的。| Maybe I should
have a bit on the side to make Graham pay for what he has
done. 也许我该有个情夫，让格雷厄姆为他的所作所为付出代价。
□USAGE 用法说明 Use a bit before adiectives, a bit 用
于形容词之前：I'm a (little) bit tired. （我有点儿累。） Use a
bit of before nouns. a bit of 用于名词前：a bit of money
(一点儿钱)| a bit of a problem （多少有点儿问题）
*bit2n 1 a metal bar, part of a BRIDLE, that is put in the mouth of
a horse and used for controlling its movements马嚼子，马衔
2 the sharp part of a tool for cutting or making holes〔工具的)
刃片；刀头；钻头：a drill bit 钻头 3 champ/chafe at the bit to
be restless and difficult to control because of being impatient
to do something 急不可耐；躁动不安 — compare 比较 strain. 
ing at the leash (STRAIN1) 4 take the bit between one's teeth
to make a serious and determined effort to deal with some-
thing difficult or unpleasant 决心认真处理棘手的事情，全力以
赴
*bit3n tech the smallest unit of information that can be used by a
computer【术语】位，比特，位元〔电脑使用的最小信息单位〕：a
16-bit processor 16位处理机 — compare 比较 BYTE
bit4 past tense of BITE
bitch1 /bitf; bitf/ n 1 a female dog 母狗 2 derog a woman,
especially when unkind or bad-tempered【贬】坏女人，泼妇，狗
婆娘，婊子：You bitch! 你这条母狗！ — see also 另见 SON-OF-
A-BITCH
bitch2v [I(about)] slang【俚】1 to complain continually 没完没
了地埋怨，大发牢骚：I wish you'd stop bitching. 但愿你别再发
牢骚了。2 to make nasty or hurtful remarks about other people
说别人的坏话：恶语伤人
bitch·en /`bitfen; 'bitfen/ adj AmE slang good【美俚】棒的：
That's a bitchen car! 那汽车不错。
bitch. y/bitfi: 'bitfi/ adi nasty and hurtful towards other people
恶意的，坏心眼的：She's really bitchy. 她实在是不怀好意。| a
bitchy remark 恶毒的话 - -ily adv - -iness n [U]
*bite1/bait; bait/ v bit /bit; bit/, bitten /`bitn; 'bitn/ 1 [I; T] to
cut, crush, or seize (something) with the teeth or to attack
(someone or something) with the teeth 咬；咬住；咬掉：Be
careful. My dog bites. 当心，我的狗咬人。| The boy bit into
the piece of cake. 那男孩咬了一口蛋糕。| He bit a large piece
out of it. 他从那东西上咬掉一大块。| Their dog bit me on the
leg/bit a hole in my trousers. 他们的狗咬了我的腿[把我的裤
子咬了个窟窿]。| Do your children bite their fingernails?你
的孩子咬手指甲吗？2 [I; T] (of insects and snakes) to make a
hole in the skin (of) and draw blood〔昆虫〕叮，螫：〔蛇〕咬伤：
The mosquitoes are really biting this evening! 今天晚上蚊子
叮得真厉害！|(fig. , infml 喻，非正式) You've been in a bad
mood all day -- What's biting you? (=What is wrong?)你整
天都心情不好，到底什么事烦扰着你？3 [I] (of fish) to accept
food on a fisherman's hook and so get caught〔鱼〕吞饵，上钩：
I've been sitting here for hours but the fish just aren't biting
0157
today. 我已在这儿一连坐了好几个钟头，可是今天鱼就是不上钩。
(fig. 喻) I hoped she would be interested in my plan, but
she didn't bite. (=express any interest)我本希望她会对我的计
划感兴趣，但她并无此意。4 [I] to take hold of something firmly;
GRIP 抓紧；卡紧；把住，咬住，吃住：The ice on the road was so
hard that the tyres wouldn't bite. 路面上的冰硬邦邦的，车胎
在上面老打滑。5 [I] to have the intended, usually unpleasant. 
effect 达到预期的 （坏） 效果：The new higher taxes are really
beginning to bite. 新的高税收真开始叫人吃不消了。 6 be bit
ten with infml to develop (a strong desire for something or a
strong, almost uncontrollable interest in something)【非正式】
热衷于，迷上：Ever since he was 16 years old, he's been bit-
ten with a love of motorcycles. 他自从16岁起，就对摩托车着
了迷。7 bite off more than one can chew infml to attempt
more than you can deal with or succeed in finishing【非正式】
试图承担力所不及的事，贪多嚼不烂：I told him he would be
biting off more than he could chew if he tried to rebuild the
house himself. 我告诉他，要是他打算自己重建那所房子，那他
是太不自量力了。8 bite your tongue to make a great effort to
stop yourself saying what you really feel 强忍住不说 9 bite
someone's head offinfml to speak to or answer someone rudely
and angrily【非正式】蛮横粗暴地说话 [回答]：I only asked you
what time it was -- there's no need to bite my head off!我不
过是问问你几点钟而已，何必那么凶呢！10 bite the bullet infml
to suffer bravely something very unpleasant【非正式】忍辱负
重，咬紧牙关，硬着头皮，死撑到底11 bite the dust infml to be
killed or defeated or come to an unsuccessful end【非正式】倒
毙，阵亡；一败涂地，以失败告终：The project bit the dust when
the new management came in. 新班子一接手，那套方案就告吹
了。12 bite the hand that feeds one to harm someone who has
treated you well 恩将仇报：以怨报德 13 once bitten, twice
shy saying if you have failed at something or been hurt by it
once, you will be more careful next time【谚】一次吃亏，二次小
心；吃一堑长一智
bite sthg.  back phr v [T] infml to prevent yourself from
saying (something that would cause offence or something that
is supposed to be secret)【非正式】抑制住；强忍住不说〔会得罪
人的话；秘密的事情)：Peter was about to tell the secret, but
he bit his words back. 彼得刚要讲出这个秘密，但又把话咽了回
去。
*bite2n 1 [C] an act of biting or a piece removed by biting 咬；咬
去的一块：The cat gave its owner a playful bite, 猫顽皮地轻咬
了主人一下。| I took a bite out of the apple. 我咬了一口苹果。
Cut the meat into bite-sized pieces. 把肉切成适于入口的小块，
2 [S] infml something to eat【非正式】食物：I haven't had a
bite (to eat) all day. 我从早到晚连一口东西都没有吃。3 [C;U
a wound made by biting 被咬[叮、螫]的伤口：My face is cov
ered with insect bites!小昆虫螫得我满脸都是伤! | He was
taken to the hospital to be treated for snake bite. 他因遭蛇咬
而被送到医院治疗。4 [C] an act of taking food from a
fisherman's hook (by a fish) 〔鱼的)吞饵，上钩：Sometimes I sit
for hours without getting a bite. 有时我坐上几个钟头连一条鱼
也不上钩。5 [S;U] sharpness or bitterness 辛辣；刺激：This
cheese has no flavour: I like cheese with more bite in it. 这种
干酪没味道，我喜欢吃有点辣味的。| a political satire without
much bite to it 一部语言算不上尖刻的政治讽刺作品 6 another
a second bite at the cherry BrE a second chance to do or get
something one wants【英】做好某事[得到某物]的第二次机会
bit. ing /baitin; 'bartin/ adj sharply painful to the body or minc
刺痛的；尖刻的； a cold and biting wind 刺骨的寒风 | biting
remarks 尖刻的话 - — ~ly adv: a bitingly cold wind刺骨的寒
风
bit. map /'bitmaep; 'bitmaep/ n tech a computer image or picture
consisting of an arrangement of BITS on the screen【术语】位
图，位映像
bit of fluff/,'/ n BrE old-fash slang a young woman, espe-
cially one who is sexually attractive【英，过时，俚】〔尤指有性
魅力的〕年轻女子、小妞
bit of rough/,'/ n BrE humor a man who is from a lower
social class than the woman that he is having a sexual relation-
ship with【英，幽】与比自己社会地位高的女子有性关系的男子
bit part/'/ n a small, unimportant character played by an
actor in a play or film〔戏剧、电影中的〕小角色
bit. ten /`bitn; 'bitn/ past participle of BITE
*bit. ter'/`bito; 'bitet/ adj 1 having a sharp, biting taste, like
beer or black coffee without sugar 有苦味的，苦的 — compare
比较 SWEET' (1)， SOUR` (1) 2 (of cold, wind etc) very sharp
and biting; HARSH〔指寒冷、风等〕刺骨的；严寒的：It's really
bitter out there today. 今天外边冷极了。3 causing pain or grief
hard to accept 引起痛苦[悲伤]的，辛酸的，惨痛的：难以接受的：
the bitter truth 令人难以接受的事实 | It was a bitter disap
pointmenta bitter blow when we found out they had beer
cheating us all along. 当我们发现他们一直在欺骗我们时，我们
感到伤心失望[受到沉重打击]。| I must warn you-- and I speak
from bitter experience- not to do business with those
people. 我必须警告你不要和那些人做生意，我是有过惨痛的教训
才说这话的。4 filled with or caused by hate, anger, unfulfilled
expectation, or other unpleasant feelings 怀恨的；怨愤的；失望
的；伤心的；讥刺的：bitter enemies 死敌| bitter tears 伤心泪|
bitter opposition to the government's policies 对政府政策的
激烈反对 | He's still very bitter about the way she treated
him. 一想到那个女人曾那样对待自己，他至今还是充满着怨恨。
5 a bitter pill (to swallow) something very unpleasant that
one has to accept 不得不接受的苦衷；不得不忍受的耻辱：The
defeat was a bitter pill to swallow. 那次失败是一颗难以吞咽
的苦果。6 to the bitter end infml to the end in spite of all
unpleasant difficulties; until no more effort is possible【非正
式】坚持到底；拼到底：to struggle on to the bitter end 奋斗到底
 — ~ly adv: bitterly cold 严寒的 | bitterly disappointing 令人
大失所望的 — ~ness n[U]
bitter2n [U] BrE bitter beer【英】苦啤酒：A pint of bitter, please. 
请来一品脱苦啤酒。 — see also 另见 BITTERS
bit. tern /`bito-n; 'biten/ n bitterns or bittern a brown Euro-
pean waterbird with long legs which makes a deep hollow sound
麻鹊〔产于欧洲的褐色长腿水鸟
bit. ters /`bitoz; 'bitez/ n [U+sing. /pl. v] a bitter usually alco-
holic mixture of plant products for mixing into drinks〔掺入饮
料中的〕苦味配剂
bit·ter. sweet/bito swit;bite'swi:t/ adj1 pleasant, but mixed
with sadness 苦乐参半的； bittersweet memories of childhood
对童年时代甜蜜而又辛酸的回忆 2 of or being a type of choco-
late made with very little sugar 甜味极淡的巧克力的
bit·ty /`biti; 'biti/ adj BrE infml often derog【英，非正式，常贬】
1 having too many different parts that do not seem to be con-
nected to each other 七零八碎的，东拼西凑的，不连贯的：I
thought the film was rather bitty. 我认为那部影片有点儿七拼
八凑。- -tiness n [U] 2 little bitty/itty bitty AmE infml very
small【美，非正式】极小的：He ripped the letter into itty bitty
pieces. 他把信撕得粉碎。
bi. tu. men /br`tjumen; 'bitfumn/ n [U] any of various sticky
substances(such as ASPHALT or TAR), used especially in road-
making 沥青，柏油 - -minous /br`tjumenes; be'tju:mnes/ ad
bi. valve/bai vaelv; 'barvaelv/ n tech any shellfish with two shells
joined together, such as an OYSTER【术语】双壳贝类<如牡蛎>
biv·ou·ac'/`bivu aek; 'brvu-aek/ n a camp without tents 〔无帐篷
的〕露营（地）；露天营地
bivouac2v-ck- [I] to spend the night in the open without tents
露宿：The climbers bivouacked halfway up the mountain. 登
山者爬到半山腰上露营过夜。
biv. vy bag /`bivi baeg; 'bivi baeg/ also 又作 bivouac bag /'. ·/
fml【正式】- n a small tent with no poles for one person〔供一
人使用，无支杆的〕小帐篷
bi. week. ly /bar`wikli; bar'wi:kli/ adv, adj appearing or hap-
pening a every two weeks; FORTNIGHTLY 两周一次地[的]：a
biweekly magazine 双周刊 b twice a week; SEMIWEEKLY 一周
两次地[的]
biz/biz; biz/ n [S] infml a particular type of business, especially
one connected with entertainment【非正式】〔尤其与娱乐业有关
的)商业；生意：the music biz 音乐业界
bi·zarre /bi`zar; b'za:/ adj noticeably odd or strange 古怪的；
奇异的：his bizarre appearance/behaviour 他古怪的外貌[举
止] | This is one of the most bizarre murder cases we have
ever dealt with. 这是我们所经手的最奇特的谋杀案之一。 — ~ly
adv
Bjork(1966-)an Icelandic female singer and songwriter liv-
ing in the UK, who makes popular music in many different
styles, and uses her voice in new and unusual ways 比约克
〔(1966-)，旅居英国的冰岛女歌手和歌曲作家，她的嗓音新奇独
特，所制作的音乐风格多样〕
blab /blaeb; blaeb/ v-bb- [I] infml to tell a secret, especially
about criminal activity, sometimes unintentionally【非正式】泄
露秘密；〔有时无意地〕泄露犯罪活动
blab. ber /`blaebe; 'blaebe/ v [I (ON)] infml to talk foolishly or
too much【非正式】瞎说，胡扯；喋喋不休； I wish she'd stop blab-
bering (on) about her job. 我真希望她别再没完没了地讲她那
些工作上的事
blab-ber·mouth /`blaeba mau0; 'blaebemau0/ n derog slang a
person who tells secrets by talking too much【贬，俚】饶舌（而
泄密)者；嘴巴不牢的人；碎嘴子
*black'/blaek; blaek/ adj 1 of the colour of night; completely
0158
without light 黑色的，黑的：black shoes 黑色的鞋 | black clouds
乌云|her thick black hair 她浓密乌黑的头发|(fig. 喻)Go
wash your hands -- they're black! (=very dirty)你这双手太
脏了，快去洗洗吧！2 a (of a person) of a dark-skinned race. 
especially of the Negro race〔人〕黑人血统的，黑种的：a black
American 美国黑人 b of or for black people 黑人的；为黑人的
black Africa 黑非洲 | He's trying to win the black vote. 他正
在想办法赢得黑人的选票。— see 参见 USAGE;compare 比较
WHITE'(3)3(of coffee) without milk or cream〔咖啡)不加奶
[奶油]的：I'll have my coffee black, please. 请不要在我的咖啡
里加奶。 — opposite 反义词 white 4 very bad, threatening, or
hopeless 极糟糕的；险恶的；不吉利的；无希望的：According to
the latest sales figures, things look very black for us. 从得到
的最新销售数字看来，情况对我们十分不妙。| black despair 大
失所望 | She painted a black picture of the company's
prospects. 她把公司的前景描绘得极为惨淡。 — see also 另见
BLACK COMEDY, BLACK HUMOUR 5 full of anger, hate, or evil
怒气冲冲的；凶恶的；怀恨的；邪恶的，黑心的，阴险的：He gave
me a black look. 他恶狠狠地瞪了我一眼。| (lit 文) a black
hearted villain 心肠狠毒的恶棍| (lit文) his black deeds 他的
恶行 6 especially BrE not approved of, or not to be handled,
by members of a trade union during a STRIKE【尤英】〔罢工期
间〕遭工会会员抵制的：a black cargo 被抵制装卸的货物| black
labour 非工会会员的工人 7 any colour so long as it's black
quote a phrase used by Henry Ford when he was asked what
colours were available for a particular kind of car【引】只要是
黑的什么颜色都有〔亨利·福特在有人问他某一型号的汽车有哪些
颜色时所说的话)8not as black as one is painted not as bad
as people say you are 并不像人们所说的那样坏 — see also 另
见 BLACKLY, BLACK AND WHITE, PITCH BLACK and see Fea-
ture on page B3 并见 B3页文化特写 — ~ness n [U]
□USAGE 用法说明 In the US, the adjective black is now
less common: black people there prefer to be called Afri
can-American. In the UK, black is still common, but Afro
Caribbean is also often used. It is better to avoid using
black as a noun (e. g. Most of the students there are blacks)
as this is often considered offensive. Older words that used
to be common, such as coloured, negro and negress should
all be avoided because they are considered offensive. Some
people also use the polite expression people of colour to
talk about anyone with dark skin, such as people from Af-
rica or India. 在美国，black 这个形容词现在已不常使用了，
黑人喜欢被称做 African American(非洲裔美国人)。在英
国，black 仍常使用，但人们也常使用 Afro-Caribbean 一词。
尽量避免把 black 用作名词（如 Most of the students there
are blacks. 那里大多数学生是黑人)，因为它常被认为有侮辱
性。应该避免使用诸如 coloured,negro 和 negress 等过去
常用的旧称，因为这些词被认为有侮辱性。有些人使用礼貌的
表达方式 people of colour 来指非洲人或印度人等黑皮肤的
人。
*black2n1 [U] the colour that is black: the darkest colour 黑色
After her husband died, she dressed in black for a year. 她在
丈夫去世后穿了一年黑色丧服。| Put some more black(=black
colouring) round your eyes. 在你的眼圈上再涂些黑色眼影
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US and UK, people
traditionally wear black clothes when they go to a funeral. 
as a sign of sadness. In some old stories and films,espe. 
cially WESTERNS, the bad character always wears black
clothes, and the good character always wears white clothes
在英、美两国，人们参加葬礼习惯上穿黑色服装以表悲伤。在
以前的一些小说和影片，尤其是西部片中，坏人常穿黑衣服
好人常穿白衣服
2 [C] a person of a dark-skinned race 黑人：There were both
placks and whites at the meeting. 参加会议的有黑人也有白人，
3in the black having money in a bank account〔银行存款)有
盈余，有存款：Our account is (nicely) in the black this month
这个月我们的账户上有（不少）盈余。 — opposite 反义词 in the
red
black3 ν [T] 1 to make black 使变黑，弄黑：to black shoes 给鞋
涂上黑鞋油 | to black someone's eye by hitting them 把某人
的眼睛打得发青 2 BrE (especially of a trade union) to refuse
to work with (goods, a company etc)【英】〔尤指工会〕抵制，杯
葛〔货物、公司等)：They've blacked his ships because he re-
fuses to recognize the union. 他拒绝承认工会，因此他们已拒
绝给他的船装卸，
black out v1 [T] (black sthg. out) to darken so that no
light is seen 使··变得一片漆黑；对··实行灯火管制；使灯光熄灭：
During the war the cities were all blacked out. 战时城市实行
了灯火管制。| The whole country was blacked out because of
te Dower strike. 由于电力工人罢工,整个地区陷入一片黑暗。2
[I] to lose consciousness; faint 失去知觉；昏厥：After the acci-
dent he blacked out and couldn't remember what happened
出事故后他就失去了知觉，完全记不起发生过什么事。3[T](black
sthg. out) prevent (news or information) from becoming
publicly known; SUPPRESS 封锁；删除；停止发布〔新闻、消息〕：
They blacked out all reports of the anti-government
demonstration. 他们禁止发表所有有关反政府示威的报道。
(fig. 喻) He blacked the terrible accident out of his mind. 他
再也不去想那次可怕的事故。 — see also 另见 BLACKOUT
Black, Cil-la /`sile; 'sile/ (1943- ) a British entertainer from
Liverpool. She was a successful popular music singer in the
1960s, and later became the PRESENTER of a popular television
show called BLIND DATE. 布莱克〔(1943- )，英国艺人，来自利
物浦，是20世纪60年代成功的流行歌手。之后，她成为大众喜爱
的电视节目《初次约会》的主持人
Black, Conrad (1940-) a Canadian businessman, whose com-
pany owns more than 500 newspapers in various countries,
including the DAILY TELEGRAPH in the UK and the Chicago
Sun-Times in the US布莱克〔(1940-)，加拿大商人，他的公司
在各国拥有500多种报纸，包括英国的《每日电讯报》和美国的《芝
加哥太阳时报》〕
Black, Roger (1966- )a British ATHLETE who has won many
races, and who was second in the men's 400 metres running
race in the 1996 Olympic Games 布莱克〔(1966- )，英国运动
员，曾在多项赛跑比赛中获胜，是1996年奥运会男子400米赛跑
的亚军〕
Black Af-ri-ca /. / the part of Africa below the SAHARA Desert
where most of the people are black 黑非洲〔指撒哈拉沙漠以南
的非洲地区，那里的居民多为黑人〕
black·a·moor /`blaeke,mur; 'blaekemue'/ n old use or humor
derog a black person, especially a man【旧或幽，贬】黑人〔尤指
男性〕
black and blue // adj (having the skin) darkly discoloured
as the result of being hit, especially repeatedly; bruised （ BRUISE)
〔皮肤〕（被打得）青一块紫一块的；有瘀痕的：After the fight,he
was black and blue all over. 打完了架,他浑身青一块紫一块
的。
Black and Tans, the /··/ [P] a British military force that
was active in Ireland from 1918 to 1920， opposing the people
who were fighting for independence. They were known for the
cruel and violent way in which they did their work. 黑与棕，爱
尔兰王室警吏团〔1918年至1920年间活跃于爱尔兰的一个英国
军事组织，它镇压当地争取独立的民众，以行为残暴而著称〕
black and white //n [U] 1 the showing of pictures in
black, white, and grey, without additional colours〔无彩色的〕
黑白图像，黑白影片：an old film in black and white 一部旧的
黑白影片 | a black-and-white television 黑白电视机 2 usu-
ally derog a too simple way of explaining events. in which
people or things are regarded as either completely good or com-
pletely bad【一般贬】〔把人或事物看成非全善即全恶的〕非黑即白
的简单化是非观；绝对化：She sees the situation very much in
black and white terms, but in fact it's much more compli-
cated than that,她用简单的非好即坏的观点来看待那种形势，但
实际情况要复杂得多。3in black and white in writing 以书面
形式；见诸文字：I want this agreement in black and white. 我
要求以书面形式把这项协议写出来，
black art // also 又作 black arts pl. -n [the] BLACK MAGIC
巫术；妖术
black·ball /`blaek bol; 'blaekbo:l/ v [T] to vote against (a person
who wants to join a club)投票反对〔某人〕参加俱乐部等；排挤
Black Beau. ty /'·/ the name of the horse that is the main
character in the children's book Black Beauty (1877) by Anna
Sewell, which has been made into films and television
programmes 黑美人〔安娜·休厄尔所著的儿童读物《黑美人》
(1877)中的主角，为一匹马。该书曾被改编为电影和电视剧〕
black belt /'/ n (a person who holds) a high rank in the prac-
tice of certain types of Eastern self-defence, especially JUDO
and KARATE 黑腰带级；〔尤指柔道及空手道的〕黑腰带级选手
black. ber. ry /`blaek beri; 'blaekbari/n the black or purple berry
of a type of BRAMBLE 黑莓：blackberry jam 黑莓果酱 — ~ing
n [U]: to go blackberrying (=picking blackberries)去采黑莓
black. bird /blaek b3d; 'blaekb3:d/ n a common European anc
American bird of which the male is completely black 黑唱，
黑鹂〔产于欧洲及美洲，其雄鸟遍体黑色〕
black·board /`blaek,bord; 'blaekbo:d/ also又作 chalkboard
AmE【美】- n a dark smooth surface (usually black or green)
0159
used especially in schools for writing or drawing on, usually
with chalk 黑板 — compare 比较 WHITEBOARD
black box / / n a FLIGHT RECORDER 黑匣子，飞行记录器
black com·e·dy /. '·. ·/ n [C: U] (an amusing play, story etc
based on)BLACK HUMOUR 黑色幽默：基于黑色幽默的喜剧[小
说等]
Black Coun-try, the /'. ·/ an industrial area in the West Mid. 
lands of England 黑乡〔英格兰中部地区西部的工业区〕
black cow / / n AmE【美】also 又作 root beer float old-fash
【过时】a drink made with ice cream and ROOT BEER“黑牛”汽
水〔一种加冰淇淋的根汁汽水〕：Two black cows,please. 请来
两杯黑牛汽水。
black. cur. rant /，blaek`kent;,blaek'kvrentn a European gar
den plant with small round blue-black berries 黑加仑子，黑醋
栗：blackcurrant jelly 黑加仑子果子冻
Black Death, the// the illness (probably BUBONIC PLAGUE)
that killed large numbers of people in Europe and Asia in the
14th century. In Britain the Black Death is connected with men
going round the streets to collect the dead bodies who called
out'Bring out your dead!'. 黑死病〔指14世纪在欧洲及亚洲使
大量人口死亡的瘟疫，可能是腺鼠疫。在英国，黑死病常使人们联
想起在街上喊“抬出死者！”的收尸人)
black e. con. o. my /，'. / n [the] business activity that is car-
ried on unofficially, especially in order to avoid taxation 地下
经济活动，黑市经营〔指为逃避税收而暗中进行的经济活动)；the
recent growth in the black economy 地下经济活动近来的增加
 — compare 比较 BLACK MARKET
black. en /'blaeken; 'blaeken/ v [I; T] to make or become black
or dark （使）变黑[暗]；把··弄黑[暗]：The sky blackened as the
rainclouds approached. 团团乌云渐近,天色随即转暗。| The
smoke had blackened the white walls of the kitchen. 烟把厨房
白色的墙壁熏黑了。|(fig. 喻) false accusations that black
ened her good name 玷污了她的好名声的诬告
black En-glish /， '·/ n [U] the variety of English that is spok-
en by some black Americans and by some black British people
in the US 黑人英语〔某些美国黑人或在美国的英国黑人所讲的英
语
black eve /. '/ n darkness of the skin round the eve as a result
of being hit 被打成青黑色的眼眶：If he says that again I'll give
him a black eye. 要是他再说一遍那句话，我就把他揍得眼眶发
青。
black-eyed pea /·· '·/ also 又作 cowpea AmE【美】， black·
eyed bean BrE【英】- n (a plant which produces) a small bean
with a black spot on it 黑眼豆，豆
black. face /`blaekfes; 'blaekfeis/ n [U] a colouring of a whit
person's face so that they look black, used formerly by some
entertainers, especially in VAUDEVILLE〔尤指在早先的综艺节目
中由白人艺人)扮演黑人时所化的妆：Al Jolson used to appear
in blackface when he sang ‘Mammy'. 阿尔·乔尔森以前在唱
《黑人女佣》时经常扮成黑人
Black-foot /`blaekfut; 'blaekfot/ n 1 the Blackfoot a Native
American tribe whose members live mainly in Montana and
Alberta and are known for their horses 黑脚族〔美洲土著部落
主要生活在美国蒙大拿州和加拿大阿尔伯达省，以其马匹闻名)2
a member of this tribe 黑脚族人 — see Cultural Note at 参见
NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释
Black For. est, the /· an area of SW Germany where there
is a very large forest, which is a popular place for tourists黑森
林〔位于德国西南部的一大片森林，为旅游胜地〕
Black Forest Gat. eau /. ··/ n [C: U] a cake made with
chocolate,cherries(CHERRY), and cream(用巧克力、樱桃和奶
油制成的〕黑森林蛋糕
black gold /，'/ n [U] infml oil, called this because if you find
it, it can make you rich【非正式】黑金〔指石油，因为找到它就能
发财，因而命名
black. guard /`blaegad; 'blaega:d/ n old use or humor a man of
completely dishonourable character; SCOUNDREL【旧或幽】恶
棍，流氓，无赖：You blackguard!你这无赖！
black-head /`blaek hed; 'blaekhed/ n a small spot on the skir
with a black centre 黑头粉刺
Black Hills, the /， '/ a group of hills in South Dakota in the
US, one of which is Mount RUSHMORE 布莱克丘陵〔位于美国
南达科他州，其中有拉什莫尔山〕
black hole /'/ n 1 an area in space, far away from the Earth
that pulls everything into it, including light 〔宇宙中能吸纳一切
东西，包括光线的)黑洞 2 infml something that seems to use up
all your money【非正式】无底洞〔指极耗费金钱的事物) ：That old
car of hers is a real black hole. 她那辆旧车可真是个费钱的无
底洞
Black Hole of Cal-cut·ta, the /·. ··. '·/ a small room used as
a prison in Calcutta, India. In 1756， 146 British prisoners were
put into it, and most of them died in one night. People some-
times say that a small very crowded room or dark place is 'like
the Black Hole of Calcutta'. 〔印度的〕加尔各答黑牢〔1756年
146名英国罪犯被囚禁于此，大部分罪犯一夜之间送命。人们有时
把拥挤的小房间或漆黑的场所说成“像加尔各答黑牢一样”〕
black hu. mour /'·/ n [U] humour dealing with the unpleas-
ant side of human life 黑色幽默 — see also 另见 BLACK COM
EDY
black ice // n [U] hard slippery ice that does not appear
different from the surface of the road it covers 黑冰〔颜色与路
面颜色看起来相同的硬而滑的冰)：Black ice made the roads
extremely dangerous. 黑冰使驾车者在路上行车变得极其危险。
black-ing /blaekin: 'blaekin/ n [U] a substance, such as a very
thick liquid or polish, that is put on an object to make it black
黑色涂料
black·ish /`blaekif;'blaekif/ adj slightly black稍黑的，带黑色的
black·jack /`blaek,d3aek; 'blakd3aek/ n1 [U] also 又作 pon. 
toon BrE【英】‖ twenty-one AmE【美】- a card game, usu-
ally played for money 〔通常用来赌钱的〕二十一点牌戏 2 [C]
AmE for【美】= COSH'3 [C] AmE for【美】=TRUNCHEON
Black Lace /'/ n one of a British series of romantic novels
written mainly for women, which contain a lot of sexual detail
《黑色花边》〔英国女性系列浪漫小说，其中包含大量有关性的细节
描写) — compare 比较MILLS AND BOON
black lead /，blaek`led; blaek 'led/ n [U] a black mineral
substance,GRAPHITE 石墨，黑铅，炭精
black-leg /`blaek leg; 'blaekleg/ n BrE derog someone who con-
tinues to work when their fellow workers are on STRIKE; SCAE
(3)【英，贬】罢工期间继续上工的人：拒不参加罢工者：工贼-
compare 比较 STRIKEBREAKER - blackleg ν[I] -gg-
black-list /blaek, list; 'blaek, list/ n a list of people, groups, coun-
tries etc, who are disapproved of for some reason and are to be
avoided or punished in some way 黑名单：It was revealed that
the council kept a blacklist of people suspected, but not con-
victed of child abuse. 据披露，该委员掌握了一份虐待儿童嫌疑
犯的黑名单。- blacklist ν [T]: blacklisted for non-payment
of debts由于不清偿债务而被列入黑名单
black lung /'/ n [U] AmE a lung disease of people who work
in coal mines, caused by breathing in coal dust over a long
period of time【美】〔矿工因长期吸入煤尘而引起的〕黑肺病，煤肺
病 — compare 比较 SILICOSIS
black·ly /`blaekli; 'blaekli/ adv angrily or threateningly 气冲冲
地；恶狠狠地；阴险地
black ma. gic / ·/ n [U] magic believed to be done with the
help of evil spirits and used for evil purposes 巫术；妖术 -
compare 比较 WHITE MAGIC; and see Feature on page B3 并见
B3页文化特写
Black Magic // trademark a popular type of chocolates
sold in the UK in a black box【商标】“魔法”牌巧克力〔英国的
·种受欢迎的巧克力，装在黑盒内出售)：He gave me a box of
Black Magic. 他给了我一盒“魔法”牌巧克力。
black-mail /`blaek mel; 'blaekmeil/ n [U] 1 the practice of ob
taining money or advantage by threatening to make known
unpleasant facts about a person or group 敲诈；勒索；讹诈 -
compare 比较 HUSH MONEY 2 the influencing of someone's
actions by threats, causing anxiety etc 威迫；恐吓，挟人就范
He accused his mother of using emotional blackmail to stop
him leaving home,他指责母亲使用感情手段逼他留在家里。-
blackmail y [T (into)]: Don't think you can blackmail me
(into doing that). 不要以为你能要挟我（去做那件事）。-
~er /
Black Ma. ri·a /，blaek me`raie;,blaek me'raie/ BrE【英】usually
一般用 police wagon, paddy wagon AmE【美】- n infml a
vehicle used by the police to carry prisoners【非正式】〔警方的〕
囚车
black mark // n a black mark against someone if there is
a black mark against you or against your name, someone such
as your employer or the police thinks you have done some-
thing bad, and this makes them have a bad opinion of you for a
long time 污点，不良的评语：Mo wasn't fired, but the incident
left a black mark against her name for the rest of her career. 
莫没被开除，但该事件为她今后的事业留下了污点
black mar-ket /'. /n [S] the buying and selling of goods
foreign money etc, when such trade is not legal 黑市（交易）
They bought dollars on the black market. 他们在黑市上买到
了美元。| black-market butter 黑市牛 [黄] 油 | There's quite
a big black market in foreign currency. 黑市兑换外币的规模
相当可观。 — compare 比较 BLACK ECONOMY
black mar-ket. eer /，·. '/ n a person who sells things on the
black market 黑市商人
0160
Black Mass / / n [C; U] a ceremony performed by people
who pray to the Devil, parts of which are similar to the cer-
emonies performed by Christians 黑弥撒〔崇拜魔鬼者用类似基
督教崇拜形式举行的仪式〕
Black Mon. day /·/ 1 Monday, 19 October 1987， the day on
which SHARE prices on the STOCK EXCHANGE suddenly fell by
a large amount, and many people lost a lot of money 黑色星期
一〔指1987年10月19日，那天股市的股票价格暴跌，许多人损
失惨重)2 Monday. 28 October 1929， the day on which share
prices on the Stock Exchange suddenly fell by a large amount. 
leading to the GREAT DEPRESSION of the 1930s 黑色星期一〔指
1929年10月28日，那天股市的股票价格暴跌，导致20世纪30
年代的大萧条〕
Black Mus. lim /·/ n a member of a group of black people in
the US who believe in the religion of Islam 黑人穆斯林〔指居
住在美国信仰伊斯兰教的黑人团体成员〕
black. out /`blaek aut; 'blaekaut/ n 1 a period of darkness or
dered by the government during wartime or caused by a fail-
ure of the electric power supply 〔战时政府规定的〕灯火管制；停
电2 a loss of consciousness for a short time短时的知觉丧失：
She had a blackout after the accident and couldn't remem-
ber what had happened. 事故发生后她一时昏了过去，记不得
当时出了什么事。3 a sudden turning off of stage lighting dur
ing a play〔演剧时突然的)舞台熄灯4 an intentional preven-
tion of the reporting of certain facts新闻封锁，〔对报道等的)删
除：The government imposed a news blackout on all infor-
mation about the accident at the nuclear power station. 政府
对有关核电站事故的所有消息实行新闻封锁。 — see also 另见
BLACK out
Black Pan-thers, the / '·/ also 又作 the Black Panther Party
a group of black people in the US in the 1960s and 1970s, who
supported the use of violence to get better treatment for black
people黑豹党〔20世纪60、70年代的一个美国黑人团体，主张使
用暴力来提高黑人待遇〕
black pep·per / '·/ n [U] PEPPER made from crushed seeds
from which the dark outer covering has not been removed黑
胡椒（粉末）
Black. pool /`blaekpul; 'blaekpu:l/ a town on the NW coast of
England, a popular place for people, especially WORKING-CLASS
people, to go for the day or for a holiday. Blackpool is famous
for its TOWER(=the Blackpool Tower) and ILLUMINATIONS
(=attractive coloured lights). It also has an important CONFE-
RENCE centre where Labour Party conferences are usually held. 
布莱克浦〔英格兰西北沿岸一镇，尤其为工人阶级的度假胜地，以
布莱克浦塔及灯饰闻名。当地还有一座重要的会议中心，工党会议
常在那里举行)- see colour map on page A1参见A1页彩色
地图
black pow. er /·/ n [U] (often cap. 常用大写)(a political
movement in favour of) the belief that in any country black
eople should have a share of political and ECONOMIC power
in accordance with the number of black people in that country
黑人权力〔认为黑人在任何国家都应按照其在该国的人口数目比例
而享有相应的政治及经济权力的信念)；提倡黑人权力的运动
Black Prince //， Edward the (1330-1376) the oldest son
of King Edward III of England, who wore black ARMOUR (1)
in battle 黑王子〔(1330-1376)，英格兰国王爱德华三世的长子，
作战时身穿黑色盔甲
black pud. ding /·/ n [C; U] BrE a kind of thick dark. 
coloured SAUSAGE, made of animal blood and fat, and grain. It
is usually cut into SLICES and cooked in fat. Black pudding is
connected in people's minds with the N of England, where it
is popular, especially with WORKING-CLASS people. 【英】血肠
〔用动物血、脂肪及谷物制成的粗黑香肠，通常切片油炸。血肠常使
人联想起英格兰北部地区，在那里，血肠尤其受工人阶级欢迎〕
Black Rod / '/ the title of one of the officials who takes part
in the ceremony for opening the British Parliament each year
He wears special old-fashioned clothes, and his job is to go to
the House of Commons and tell its members to come to the
House of Lords so that they can hear the Queen's speech. 黑
杖，黑杖侍卫〔指参加每年议会开幕仪式的礼仪官员之一，他身穿
旧式制服，其职责是召集下议院议员到上议院去聆听女王训谕〕
Black Sash // an organization of South African women that
was started in 1955 to protest against APARTHEID (=the system
in which black people had few political rights, and black and
white people had to live in different areas)“黑腰带”组织〔南非
妇女反对种族隔离的一个组织，创立于1955年〕
Black Sea, the / '/ a large sea that is surrounded by land, and
is between Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and
Georgia 黑海〔处于土耳其、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、乌克兰、俄罗斯
和格鲁吉亚之间的一大内海〕
black sheep / '/ n black sheep someone who is thought by
other members of their group to be a failure or to have brought
shame on the group 害群之马，集体中的败类：the black sheep
of the family 败家子
Black-shirt /`blaek f3t; 'blaekf3:t/ n a member of the Italian
Fascist Party before World War II, whose members wore black
shirts. They were also copied by the members of the British
Union of Fascists in the same period, led by Sir Oswald
MOsLEY. 黑衫党党员〔指第二次世界大战前意大利法西斯党成员
他们身穿黑色衬衫，与之同一时期由奥斯瓦尔德·莫斯利领导的英
国法西斯主义者同盟的成员也仿效这种穿着
black·smith /`blaek smi0; 'blaek,smi0/ also 又作 smith -- n a
metalworker who makes and repairs things made of iron, es-
pecially horseshoes 锻工，铁匠〔尤指马蹄铁匠〕
black spot /'· ·/ n especially BrE【尤英】1 a part of a road where
many accidents have happened交通事故多发地段，交通黑点
2 any place or area of serious trouble or difficulties 出现严重
乱子的地区：The city is one of Britain's worst unemployment
black spots. 该市是英国失业问题最严重的地区之一
black-strap mo. las. ses /，blaekstrep me`laesis; blaekstraep
me'laess/ n [U] AmE a very dark MOLASSES (thick liquid pro
duced from sugar plants) from which most of the sugar has
been removed【美】赤糖糊〔指已除去大量糖分的一种废糖蜜〕
black-tie / / adj (of parties and other social occasions) at
which people wear EVENING DRESS (a DINNER JACKET and a
black BOW TIE for men)穿晚礼服的〔在这种社交场合男士要穿
无尾晚礼服，配戴黑领结)：a black-tie dinner-dance 要穿礼服
的聚餐舞会 — compare 比较 WHITE-TIE
black·top /`blaektap; 'blaektop/ n AmE【美】1 the black substance
used to cover roads, car parks, playgrounds etc; TARMAC 沥青
2 the area covered by this substance 铺沥青层面的地方：The
children were playing kickball on the blacktop. 孩子正在铺了
沥青的操场上踢球
Black Watch, the / / an unofficial name for the Royal High-
land Regiment, a large group of soldiers that are part of the
British Army and are based in Scotland. They wear a KILT as
part of their uniform, made of material with a dark blue and
green pattern, called the Black Watch tartan,黑色警卫〔英国
陆军苏格兰高地警卫团的别称，团员穿着一种由深蓝绿色，名为黑
色警卫格子花呢制成的有褶短裙作为制服的一部分〕
black·wa·ter fe·ver /`blaek,wota `five;blaekwo:te 'fi:ve/
[U] a very severe form of the disease MALARIA, especially in
W Africa 黑尿热〔尤见于西非的严重疟疾〕
black wid. ow /·/ n a very poisonous type of SPIDER 黑寡妇
蜘蛛〔一种毒性极大的蜘蛛〕
blad·der /`blaed; 'blaede/ n 1 a bag of skin inside the body of
a person or animal, in which waste liquid collects before it is
passed out 膀胱 2 a bag of skin, leather, or rubber (such as the
rubber bag inside a football) which can be filled with air or
liquid〔可充气或充水的〕囊；袋
*blade /bled; bleid/ n 1 the flat cutting part of a knife, sword etc
刀刃；刀锋；刀片：The blade needs sharpening. 这刀刃需要磨
磨。| a packet of razor blades 一包剃刀刀片 2 the flat wide
part of an OAR, a PROPELLER, a BAT etc 桨叶；螺旋桨叶；板球的
击球板；叶片状物 3 a long flat leaf of grass or a grasslike plant
〔狭长而扁平的〕草叶；叶片； a blade of wheat小麦的叶片 4 old-
fash an amusing irresponsible man【过时】花花公子，浮华男子
see also 另见 SHOULDER BLADE
Blade Run-ner /'/ (1982) a US film by the DIRECTOR Rid-
ley Scott, in which Harrison FORD appears as a policeman in
Los Angeles in the year 2019. when the Earth's environment
has been destroyed, and it rains all the time. His job is to find
and kill a group of intelligent machines that look exactly like
people. 《银翼杀手》(1982)〔由里德利·斯科特执导的一部美国影
片。故事发生在2019年，那时地球环境已遭破坏，整日下雨。哈
里森·福特在片中扮演一名洛杉矶警官，他的职责是找寻并摧毁一
群外型酷似人类的智能机器〕
blag1 /blaeg; blaeg/ v [T] BrE slang to get something that you
want by cleverly persuading someone to let you have it【英俚】
〔巧妙地)获得，得到：He blagged his way into the club by say
ing he was a friend of the owner. 他自称是老板的一位朋友，从
而巧妙地混进了俱乐部。
blag2n BrE slang a crime, especially stealing【英俚】罪，罪行
〔尤指偷窃〕
blah1/bla; bla:/ adj AmE infml dull; colourless; without strong
taste【美，非正式】乏味的；单调的；味道淡的：a blah stew of vege-
tables 一道淡而无味的炖蔬菜 | The inside of the house was
pretty blah. (=the decoration was uninteresting)房间布置得很
单调
blah2 n [U] 1 BrE slang empty talk; nonsense【英俚】空谈，废
0161
话，瞎说：the usual blah about everybody working harder 要
大家努力干的陈词滥调 2 blah,blah, blah (used to show that
more was said but that it was uninteresting) and so on 等等，以
及其他〔用于表示还说了一些其他的无聊话题)：He talked about
boats and sailing blah, blah, blah. 他讲了一些船啦，航行啦等
等的无聊话题
Blair /blea; blee/, Tony (1953-) a British politician who be
came leader of the Labour Party in 1994， and Prime Minister
in 1997. After becoming party leader, he made a lot of changes
to make the party more modern, and called it 'New Labour'
Some traditional supporters of the Labour Party thought his
olicies were too RIGHT-WING, but he won a large victory in
the elections of 1997， and this ended 18 years of government
by the Conservative Party. His wife, Cherie Blair, is a well
known lawyer. 布莱尔〔(1953-)，英国政治家，1994年成为工
党领袖，1997年当选英国首相。成为工党领袖之后，他做了许多
改革，使该党更具现代气息，并称之为“新工党”。一些传统的工党
支持者认为他的政策太右翼化，但布莱尔在1997年的选举中大获
全胜，结束了18年来由保守党执政的局面。其妻切丽·布莱尔是
位著名的律师〕
Blake /blek; bleik/, William (1757-1827) an English poet and
artist whose work is an example of ROMANTICISM, and whose
best-known poems are Songs of Innocence and Songs of
Experience. He also wrote the popular HYMN(=religious song)
called JERUSALEM. 布莱克〔(1757-1827)，英国浪漫主义诗人和
艺术家，最著名的诗作是《天真之歌》以及《经验之歌》。他还曾写
过一首叫做《耶路撒冷》的赞美歌，广受欢迎)
*blame1/blem; bleim/ v [T]1 to consider (someone or something)
responsible for (something bad)责怪，怪罪，把·归咎于：Don't
blame me if it doesn't work -- it's not my fault. 要是它不灵可
别怪我 ——那不是我的过错。| [+obj+on] They blamed the fail-
ure of the talks on the Russians. 他们把会谈的失败归咎于俄国
人。[[+obi+for] They blamed the Russians for the failure of
the talks. 他们责怪俄国人使会谈失败。| They blamed the rise
in oil prices for the big increase in inflation. 他们把通货膨胀
大幅度增长归咎于石油价格的上涨。| If he fails the exam he's
only got himself to blame. (=it is his fault and no one else's)
如果他考试不及格，那只能怪他自己。2 to find fault with 找··
的差错；责备；责难：Critics blamed the documentary for its
one-sided presentation of the situation,评论家指责那部记录
片片面地反映了当时的事态。|“She's left her husband. ”“I
don't blame her (=I quite understand her feelings/agree with
her action), after the way he treated her. \"“她离开她的丈夫
了。”“他那样对待她，也难怪她这样做。”3 be to blame(for)to
be at fault or be guilty (of)应（为·）承担责任：该（为··）受责
备：The children were not to blame for the accident. 那次事故
怪不着孩子们。
*blame2n [U(for)] responsibility for something bad〔对坏事所
应负的)责任：The judge laid/put the blame for the accident
on the driver of the car. 法官把事故的责任归咎于汽车司机。|
We were ready to take/bear the blame for what had
happened. 我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。| It is the job of
the committee to discover the cause of the accident, not to
apportion blame. 委员会的职责是找出事故的原因，不是去分摊
事故的责任
blame·less /`blemlis; 'bleimles/ adj free from guilt or blame:
INNOCENT 无罪的；无可指责的，清白的：a blameless life 清白
的一生 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
blame·wor·thy /`blem,w3oi; 'bleim,w3:oi/ adj fml deserving
blame or disapproval【正式】该受责备的：blameworthy behaviou
应受谴责的行为 - -thiness n[U]
blanch/blaentf; bla:ntf/y 1 [T] to make (a plant or plant product)
colourless by keeping it out of the light〔避开日光〕使〔植物或
其产品)变白：blanched celery因缺少日照而变白的芹菜2[I]
to become white or pale with fear, cold etc〔因惧怕，寒冷等)变
得 （脸色） 苍白：He blanched with shock. 他吓得脸都白了。3 [T
to put (a fruit or vegetable) into very hot water for a short time,
especially in order to remove the skin more easily 用沸水烫
〔水果或蔬菜，尤指以便去皮)：blanched almonds in a cake 蛋
糕上去了皮的杏仁| Blanch the peaches and remove the skins
before slicing them into the jar. 将桃子用沸水烫一烫、去皮，
再切成薄片放入罐中
blanc·mange /ble`man3; ble'mon3/ n [C; U] a sweet dish con
sisting of a cold solid mixture of CORNFLOUR, sugar, milk, and
other sweet foods 牛奶冻〔由玉米粉、糖、牛奶和其他甜料混合调
制成的冷冻甜食〕
bland /blaend; blaend/ adj 1 (of food) without much taste(食
物)淡而无味的：This soup is too bland for me. 这汤对我来说
味道太淡了。2(of people or their behaviour) showing no strong
feelings or opinions or other noticeable qualities, especially so
as to avoid causing trouble or giving offence 〔人及其行为〕平
和的，温和的；无动于衷的，不动感情的：the radio station's bland
coverage of the election campaign 广播电台对竞选活动温和
的报道 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
Blan. da /`blaende; 'blaende/, George (1927- )a US FOOTBALL
player who is famous because he played professional football
for 26 years and scored more points than any other NFL player. 
布兰达〔(1927-)，美国橄榄球运动员，以其长达26年的职业生
涯及在全国橄榄球联盟中得分最多而闻名〕
blan. dish. ments /`blaendifments; 'blaendifments/ n [P] FLAT-
TERY intended to persuade or influence a person, especially to
do something wrong 奉承，讨好，甘言劝诱〔尤指使人作恶)：She
resisted his blandishments. 她不受他那甜言蜜语的诱惑
blank1/blaenk; blaenk/ adj 1 without writing, print, or other
marks 无字迹的；空白的：a blank page 空白的一页 | Please
write your name in the blank space at the top of the page. 请
把姓名写在这一页上端空白的地方。| If you press this key the
screen will go blank. 如果你按一下这个键，屏幕上就什么都没
有了。| a blank cassette (=with nothing recorded on it) 一盒
空白磁带 2 empty or expressionless; without understanding or
interest 空虚的；无表情的；发呆的；漠然的；无兴趣的； I tried to
explain, but he just gave me a blank look. 我想向他解释，可他
只是毫无表情地看了我一眼。| My mind went completely blank
and I forgot what I was supposed to be doing. 我脑子完全木
了，连我本来在做什么都想不起来了。 — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
blank2n 1 an empty space 空白处：Fill in all the blanks on the
form. 请填写表上全部空栏。|(fig. 喻) When I tried to remem-
ber his name, my mind was a complete blank, 当我想回忆他
的名字时，脑子里却是一片空白。2a BLANK CARTRIDGE空（包）
弹 — see also 另见 draw a blank (DRAW1)
blank car-tridge / '. / n a CARTRIDGE that contains an explo. 
sive but no bullet 空（包）弹〔有火药而无弹头的子弹〕
blank cheque BrE【英】‖ blank check AmE【美】/· ·/ n 1 a
cheque signed and given to someone to write in whatever
amount they want to receive 〔签过名而由收款人任意填写金额
的)空白支票 2 infml complete freedom to take whatever ac-
tion one believes to be necessary to gain a result; CARTE
BLANCHE【非正式】自由处理权，全权：[+to-v] She was given a
blank cheque to get the company back on its feet. 她被授以全
权来使公司恢复元气
blan-ket'/`blaenkit: 'blaenkt/n 1 a thick usually woollen cov-
ering used especially on beds 毛毡；毯子 2 [(of)] a thick cover-
ing 厚覆盖层：The valley was covered with a blanket of mist
snow. 山谷为雾霭所笼罩[为白雪所覆盖]。 — see also另见WET
BLANKET
blanket2v [T (with) usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to cover as
if with a blanket 覆盖；笼罩：The country was blanketed with
snow. 皑皑白雪覆盖着乡间大地。
blanket3 adj [A] including all cases, classes, or possible events;
unlimited 综合性的；适用于全体的；全面的；无限的；总括的：a
blanket rule 总则| a blanket ban on smoking throughout the
building 在整座大楼内一律不准吸烟的禁令
blankety-blank /，blaenkiti `blaenk; blaenkti 'blaenk/ adj [A]
AmE euph infml for【美,婉,非正式】=DAMN' 该死的: The
blankety-blank key is stuck! 该死的钥匙转不动了
blank verse /， '·/ n [U] poetry that does not RHYME 无韵诗：
Most of Shakespeare's plays are written in blank verse. 莎士
比亚的大部分戏剧都是以无韵诗写成的。
blare /bler; blee/ v [I; T (OUT)] (of a horn or other loud sound-
producing instrument) to produce (sounds) loudly and
unpleasantly〔喇叭或其他高音器具〕刺耳地大声鸣响：The radio
blared out (the news). 收音机高声响着 （广播新闻） 。| blaring
car horns/sirens 发出刺耳声音的汽车喇叭[警报器] -- blare n
[S]: the blare of a brass band 铜管乐队刺耳的吹奏声
blar·ney /`blarni; 'bla:ni/ n [U] infml pleasant talk intended to
persuade or deceive; FLATTERY【非正式】甜言蜜语；奉承话
Blarney Stone, the /'·/ a stone in the wall of Blarney Castle
in Ireland. People believe that if you kiss it, it will bring you
good luck, and the ability to persuade people to do what you
want. 巧言石〔爱尔兰布拉尼城堡墙上的一块石头，相传吻此石后
即有好运降临，并能使人变得口齿伶俐，循循善诱〕
bla. se /bla`ze; 'bla:zei/ adj seeming not to be concerned. 
worried, or excited about something or about things in general
漠不关心的：无动于衷的：不感兴趣的，厌倦的：The pop star is
very blasé about money now. 那位红歌星现在对金钱好像无所
谓的了。
blas·pheme /blaes`fim; blaes'fi:m/ v [I (against); T] to speak
without respect for or use bad language about (God or reli-
gious matters)亵渎〔上帝或宗教事务)；辱骂，中伤，口出恶言：blas
pheming (against) God亵渎上帝 - — ~phem n
0162
blas. phe·my /blaesfimi; 'blaesfmi/ n [C; U (against)](an ex
ample of) disrespectful or bad language about God or holy
things 对上帝[圣物]的亵渎；亵渎的言辞：Their conversation
was full of blasphemies. 他们的谈话中充满了渎犯神明的言辞。|
What you're saying is blasphemy!你所说的话是对上帝的亵
渎！--mous adj: a blasphemous suggestion 带有亵渎意味的
暗示 - -mously ady
blast' /blaest; bla:st/ n 1 [C] a sudden strong movement of wind
or air 一阵疾风； 一股气流：the icy blast(s) of the north wind -
阵凛冽的北风 2 [C] an explosion 爆炸：Police say that the
blast occurred at 3 p. m. 警方说这次爆炸发生在下午3点。3
[U] the very powerful rush of air caused by an explosion, es-
pecially by a NUCLEAR explosion 爆炸引起的强烈气浪〔尤指核
爆炸引起的冲击波)； Enormous numbers of people would be
killed by blast, 核爆炸冲击波会使很多很多人死亡。4 [C] the
loud sound of a brass musical instrument 铜管乐器的响亮声音
He blew several loud blasts on his horn. 他用小号响亮地吹了
几声。5 [U] AmE infml an enjoyable party with many guests
【美，非正式】宾客众多的热闹聚会：a beer blast 啤酒狂欢会6 [U]
AmE infml an enjoyable and exciting experience【美，非正式】
欢乐而刺激的经历：We had a blast at the fair. 我们在游乐场上
玩得很开心。| The bicycle trip was a real blast. 那次骑自行车
旅行真是有意思极了。7(at) full blast as hard or as fast as
possible; at full power 全力地；全速地；开足马力：We're work-
ing (at) full blast to complete the order before the holidays. 
我们正全力以赴，力求在假期到来之前把订单的任务完成。|aca
going at full blast down the motorway 沿着高速公路开足马力
疾驶的汽车 8a blast from the past spoken used about some
one or something from the past that you suddenly remember,
ee, or hear about, that reminds you of that time in your life
【口】〔突然记起，看见或听见〕令人想起过去的人或物：The re-
quest is for a real blast from the past: that lovely Peter, Paul,
and Mary song, 'The Cuckoo'. 要求点播的是一首十足的怀旧
曲目：彼得、保罗、玛丽三重唱所唱的可爱儿歌《布谷鸟》。1“He
used to eat Yodels all the time. ” \"Wow, Yodels, that's a blast
from the past. I haven't had one in years. \"“他过去常吃约德
尔斯巧克力蛋糕卷。”“哇，约德尔斯巧克力蛋糕卷，这个名字让我
想起了过去。许多年没吃了。”
blast2v1 [I; T+obj+adv/prep] to break up (especially rock) by
explosions 爆破（尤指岩石）：The road is closed because of
blasting. 这条道路由于有爆破作业而被关闭。| to blast away
the face of the rock 炸开这块岩面 | They're blasting a tunnel
through the mountain, 他们在炸穿那座山开隧道。2 [T] to at-
tack with explosives 以炸药攻击； The planes blasted the port. 
机群轰炸了港口。3 [T] lit to cause to dry up and die, espe-
cially by great heat or cold, or by lightning【文】〔以高热、产寒
或闪电)使枯萎；摧毁：Every green thing was blasted by the
icy breath of winter. 冬天的寒气使所有绿色植物都凋谢了。| a
blasted oak (=struck by lightning)遭雷击的栎树|(fig. 喻)
The news blasted (=destroved) our hopes,这消息使我们的希
望破灭了。4 [I;T] (used to express annovance) DAMN〔用于表
示厌烦〕该死：Blast you!你这该死的！|Oh, blast! 真讨厌！|
Get that blasted dog out of here! 把那该死的狗从这儿弄出去
blast off phr v [I] (of a spacecraft) to leave the ground; take
off 〔航天器〕离地升空；发射 — see also 另见 BLAST-OFF
blast fur·nace /'·/ n a very tall steel container in which iron
is separated from iron ORE by the action of heat and air blown
through at great pressure〔炼铁的〕高炉，鼓风炉
blast-off /'/ n [U] the moment when a spacecraft takes off:
TAKEOFF〔航天器的〕离地升空时刻：ten seconds to blast-off 发
射前十秒钟 — see also 另见 BLAST off
bla·tant /bletnt; 'bleitant/ adj shameless; offensively notice-
able 无耻的；露骨的：his blatant disregard for the law 他对法
律的公然漠视| blatant disobedience/discrimination 明目张
胆的违抗[歧视] — ~ly adv - -tancy n [U]
blath. er /`blaeo; 'blaeoe/ n,v BLETHER 连篇废话；胡扯
blaze1 /blez; bleiz/ n 1 [S] (the sudden sharp shooting up of) a
bright flame 火焰；烈火：The fire burned slowly at first, but
soon burst into a blaze. 这场火起初烧得很慢，但不久就成了熊
熊烈焰。|(fig. 喻) In a blaze of anger she shouted at them. 她
怒火中烧，对着他们大吼起来。2[C] a big dangerous fire 危险
的大火：The firemen were unable to control the blaze, 消防员
无法控制这场大火。3 [S (of)] a bright show (of lights, colours
etc)〔光线、色彩等的〕光辉，闪耀；五彩缤纷：The garden was a
blaze of reds and yellows. 花园里盛开的红花和黄花艳丽夺目。
(fig. 喻) The new car was launched in a blaze of publicity. 在
大张旗鼓的宣传中这种新车被投放到市场上。4 [S (of)] a rapid
continuous firing of a gun 〔枪的〕急促而连续的射击：a blaze of
machinegun fire 一阵机枪的扫射 — see also 另见 ABLAZE
BLAZES
blaze2v1 [I] to (begin to) burn with a bright flame 冒出火焰；熊
熊燃烧：A wood fire was blazing (away) in the hearth, but
there was no other light in the room. 壁炉里一堆木柴熊熊地
燃烧着，除此而外房间里没有其他灯光。| They fled from the
blazing house. 他们从燃烧的房子里逃出来。|(fig. 喻)eyes
blazing with anger 闪着怒火的双眼 | (fig. 喻) Lights were
blazing in every room. 每个房间都灯火通明。| (fig, 喻) a blaz-
ing row 激烈的争吵 2 [I (AWAY)] to fire guns rapidly and con-
tinuously 快速而连续地射击：blazing away at the enemy 不停
地向敌人猛烈射击 3 [T+obj+adv/prep; usually pass. 一般用
被动态] to make (news) widely known 使〔消息〕广为人知，宣
扬，传播：The news was blazed in great headlines across the
tops of the daily papers. 各家报纸都在头版把那条消息以大字
通栏标题宣扬出去。4blaze a trail: a to make marks along a
TRAIL (=path) for others to follow 沿路做出记号以供他人跟随
b to lead the way, especially in some new development or
activity〔尤指在某种新发展或新活动中〕带头，开路，做先导：The
company has blazed a trail with its innovative use of robots
in manufacturing. 这家公司在创造性地将机械人用于生产方面
开拓了新路。
blaze3 n a white mark, especially one down the front of a horse's
nose〔尤指马鼻上的一条〕白斑
blaz. er /`bleze: 'bleize/ n a loose-fitting JACKET sometimes
with the special sign of a school, club etc on it 〔有时带有学校、
俱乐部等特殊标记的)宽松运动外衣：a school blazer 印有校名
的运动外衣
blaz·es /`bleza·z: 'bleiz/z/ n old-fash infml【过时，非正式】(used
for adding force to expressions of extreme annoyance 用于加
强语气，表示极端厌烦)：Go to blazes!见鬼去吧！| What the
blazes do you think you're doing?你到底在搞什么鬼？
bla·zon1/`blezn; 'bleizan/ n a COAT OF ARMS 盾形纹章，盾徽
blazon2v [T] 1 [(OUT, FORTH)] to declare loudly and publicly
(公开)宣告，宣布2[(on,with)] to EMBLAZON用〔纹章〕装饰
bleach1 /blitf; bli:tf/ v [T] to cause to become white or pale
especially by means of chemicals or by the action of sunlight
使〔颜色〕变淡，变白；漂白；晒白：to bleach handkerchiefs 把手
帕漂白| hair bleached by the sun 被阳光晒得颜色变淡的头发
bleach2n [U] a chemical used in bleaching 漂白剂：My shirt
was so dirty that I had to use bleach on it. 我的衬衫太脏，只好
用漂白剂来洗。
bleach·ers /`blitfo·z; 'bli:tfez/ n [the+P] AmE cheap unroofed
seats arranged in rows of different heights and used for watch-
ing a sport【美】〔棒球场的)廉价露天看台（座位）：sitting in the
bleachers on a hot summer day在炎热的夏天坐在露天看台上
bleak /blik; bli:k/ adj 1 cold and cheerless 阴冷的；阴郁的，凄凉
的：a bleak January day, with a cold wind and grey skies 一月
间寒风飕飕，阴阴沉沉的一天 | a bleak hillside struck by the
full force of the east wind 被强劲的东风无情地吹打着的荒凉
山坡 | They showed me into a bleak waiting room with plain
walls and a few uncomfortable-looking chairs,他们引我来到
一间阴冷的会客室内，墙壁上没有任何装饰，屋内只有几把破旧不
堪的椅子。 — see also 另见 IN THE BLEAK MID-WINTER 2 not
hopeful or encouraging; DEPRESSING 没有希望的，暗淡的，令人
沮丧的：The company's prospects look pretty bleak. 这家公司
的前景异常暗淡。| The outlook for borrowers is bleak, as in-
terest rates are certain to rise. 因利率肯定要升，贷款人的前途
暗淡。 — ~ly adv
Bleak House /'/ a novel written by Charles Dickens in 1852-
1853. It is the story of members of the Jarndyce family who
fight each other in a court of law about money and property
that belongs to the family. The legal system is so complicated
that the case lasts for a long time, and they have to pay their
lawyers so much money that in the end none of them gets
anything. 《荒凉山庄》〔查尔斯·狄更斯作于1852-1853年间的小
说，讲述了贾恩戴斯一家人在法庭上争夺财产的故事。由于国家的
司法体系十分复杂，以致该案悬而未决拖延了很长时间，同时他们
必须支付给律师一大笔费用，结果人人空手而归)
blear. y /bliri; 'bliari/ adj (especially of eyes) red and unable to
see well because of tiredness, tears etc〔因疲劳、流泪等〕眼睛
发红而视力模糊的：A bad cold has made himbleary-eyed . -
场重感冒使他眼睛发红，视力模糊。- -ily adv: She crawled
blearily out of bed. 她睡眼惺忪地爬下床。 -- -iness n [U]
Bleas. dale /`blizdel; 'bli:zdeil/ Al. an /`aelen; 'aelen/ (1946-)
a British writer of plays for the theatre and television. His work
is often humorous and serious at the same time, and deals with
social and political subjects, especially the problems of people
who are poor, unemployed, or unfairly treated by society. 布利
斯达尔〔(1946-)，英国电视剧及舞台剧作家。他的作品常常是幽
默和严肃兼具，并涉及社会和政治话题，尤其是穷人、失业者或受
社会不公正对待者的问题〕
0163
bleat' /blit: bli:t/ y [I] 1 to make the sound of a sheep, goat, or
CALF〔羊、小牛等〕咩咩地叫 2 infml to complain, especially in
a weak,shaking voice; WHINE【非正式】低声诉苦；声音颤抖地
哀诉：As usual, the opposition are bleating about unfair cov-
erage by the media,反对派照例是抱怨一通,责怪传播媒介报道
不公。
bleat2n [usually sing. 一般用单数] the sound made by a sheep. 
goat,or CALF〔羊、小牛的〕咩咩叫声
*bleed /blid: bli:d/ y bled /bled; bled/ 1 [I] to lose blood 流血，
出血：Your nose is bleeding. 你的鼻子流血了。| He lay on the
floor, bleeding profusely. 他躺在地上，鲜血直流。|(fig. 喻)
My heart bleeds for (=I feel very sorry for) those poor
childrer,我为那些可怜的孩子感到悲伤。2 [T] infml to make
(someone) pay too much money; EXTORT money from【非正
式】向〔某人〕榨取金钱，勒索：He bled them for every penny
they'd got. 他榨尽他们的每一文钱。| They bled us white (BrE
英)/bled us dry (AmE美). (=took all our money)他们榨干了
我们的钱财。3 [T] to draw blood from, as doctors did in former
times to treat diseases 给·放血 4 [T] to draw off liquid or air
rom (a machine or apparatus) in order to make it work prop
erly 从〔机器或仪器)中抽液；抽气：to bleed the radiators in a
central heating systen从中央供暖系统的散热器中放水| to
bleed the brakes on a car 从汽车的制动器中排气
bleed·er /`blide; 'bli:de/ n 1 BrE slang a person you do not
like【英俚】讨厌的家伙； I told that bleeder not to come here
again! 我叫那讨厌鬼不要再到这里！ 2 BrE slang any person
【英俚】〔任何)人：You lucky bleeder!你这幸运儿！3 AmE infml
HEMOPHILIAC【美，非正式】血友病患者
bleed·ing /blidin; 'bli:din/ adj [A] BrE slang (used for giving
force to an expression, especially of annoyance) BLOODY2【英
俚】〔用于加强语气，尤表示非常厌烦〕该死的，讨厌的：What a
bleeding waste of time! 真是白费时间！
bleeding heart lib·e·ral /，· · ，·/ also 又作 bleeding heart -
n AmE derog a person who wants to help other people, espe-
cially socially and politically, but who is not very practical
and sometimes behaves as though they were better than the
beople they are trying to help【美，贬】假同情者〔尤指在社会和
政治方面想帮助别人的人，但他们不很实际，有时还表现得高人一
等〕
bleep'/blip; bli:p/ n a high, usually repeated, sound sent out by
a machine to attract someone's attention〔机器所发出以引起人
们注意的〕哔哔声 — compare 比较 BLIP
bleep2v 1 [I] to send out bleeps 发出哔哔声 2 [T] BrE infml to
call (someone) using a bleeper【英，非正式】〔用传呼机)召唤（某
人)：They're bleeping you, doctor. 医生，他们正用传呼机叫你
呢！ 3 [T (OUT)] infml to prevent (a word or words) from being
heard on television or radio with bleeps【非正式】〔电视或收音
机中〕用哔哔声干扰[盖过]〔说话〕：The obscene words in the
song were bleeped (out). 这首歌中的污秽歌词已用哔哔声干扰
掉。
bleep·er /`blip; 'bli:pe/ BrE【英】‖ beeper, pager AmE【美】-
n a small machine which can be carried in a pocket, fastened
to clothing etc and which bleeps when the attention of the per
son wearing it is needed〔可放进口袋或挂在衣服上的〕传呼机
blem. ish1 /`blamif; 'blemif/ v [T] to spoil the beauty or perfec. 
tion of 有损·的完美，玷污：His reputation was blemished by
a newspaper article alleging he'd evaded his taxes. 报纸上
篇文章说他漏税，他的声誉因而受到了玷污。一 see also 另见
UNBLEMISHED
blemish2n something that spoils perfection 瑕疵，污点，缺陷
The wine glasses were sold at half price because of blem-
ishes in the crystal. 这些酒杯半价出售，因为水晶玻璃上有瑕疵
blench /blentf; blentf/ v [I] to make a sudden movement in
fear;RECOIL〔因害怕而〕退缩，退避，畏缩
blend1/bland; blend/ v 1 [T] to mix together thoroughly, espe-
cially so that the different parts can no longer be separated混
和，掺和，调和〔尤指混和不同成分使之不可分离)：Blend the
sugar,flour, and eggs (together). 把糖、面粉和鸡蛋和在一起。|
Blend the flour into the eggs and sugar. 把面粉和到鸡蛋和糖
中。— see 参见 MIX (USAGE) 2 [T] to produce (tea, coffee. 
WHISKY etc) out of a mixture of several varieties 〔用不同品种
的茶、咖啡、威士忌等〕混合调制：blended whisky 加料威士忌
酒3 [I(IN, into, with)] to become combined, especially so as
to produce a pleasing effect; HARMONIZE 与··融合：与··调和：
Their voices blend well with each other. 他们的声音配合得非
常好听。| These houses seem to blend into the countryside. 
这些房子似乎与乡村景色融为一体了
blend2n something produced by blending 混合物，混成品：a
good blend of coffee 一种上佳的混成咖啡 | His speech to the
staff was a judicious blend of optimism and caution. 他对员
工明智的讲话既乐观又审慎。
blend·er /`blande; 'blende/ also 又作 liquidizer BrE【英】-- n
a small electric machine used in the kitchen for making solid
foods into soups, juices etc〔厨用电动)食品搅拌器；榨汁机
Blen. heim Pal. ace /blenim `paelis; blenm 'paels/ a very large
and beautiful house in Oxfordshire in the UK, owned by the
family of the Duke of Marlborough. It can be visited by the
public, and its gardens are a typical example of the work of
Capability BROWN. 布伦海姆宫〔位于英国牛津郡的一座漂亮的
大型建筑，为马尔伯勒公爵家族所有。它向公众开放，其庭园是“大
地改造者”布朗的作品的典范〕
*bless /blas; bles/ v blessed or blest /blast; blest/ [T] 1 to ask
God's favour or protection for 祈求上帝祝福[保祐]，求神赐福
于：The priest blessed the new ship. 牧师祈求上帝保祐这艘新
船。2 to make or call holy 使神圣；把·视为圣物；赞颂：The
priest blessed the bread and wine, 牧师把面包和酒祝圣。
Bless the name of the Lord! 颂扬天主的圣名！ 3 old-fash (in
expressions of good-humoured surprise 用于表示惊喜)【过时】
呀！啊！：Bless me! He's won again! 天呀！他又赢了！ | Well
I'm blessed!噢，真奇怪！ — compare 比较 DAMN4(2)4 be
blessed with to be lucky enough to have 有幸得到··：I've al-
ways been blessed with good health. 我有幸身体一向很好。
5 Bless you! (used when someone has sneezed (SNEEZE)别人
打喷嚏时说的话)长命百岁
bless·ed /`blesid; 'blesd/ adj 1 holy; favoured by God 神圣
的，受上帝祝福的，有福的：the Blessed Virgin (=the mother of
Christ)圣母（马利亚） | Blessed are the peacemakers. 使人和
睦的人有福了。2[A] bringing happiness; desirable 令人愉快
的，可喜的：快乐的； a few moments of blessed silence 令人惬
意的片刻宁静 3[A] infml (used to give force to expressions of
annoyance 用于加强恼怒语气)【非正式】该死的，倒霉的：It pours
with rain every blessed time I go out. 真倒霉，我每次外出总要
碰上倾盆大雨。 — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
bless·ing /`blesin; 'blesin/ n 1 [C (on, upon)] an act of asking
or receiving God's favour, help, or protection （上帝的）祝福
赐福，保祐；恩典：The blessing of the Lord be upon you all. 愿
主赐福于你们大家。| to ask a blessing (=say a praver of thanks
to God) before a meal 饭前做祈祷 2 [C] a gift from God or
anything that brings happiness or good fortune 上帝的恩赐；幸
事，幸运：When you feel sad, count your blessings. (=remem
ber how lucky you are)在你伤心时，想想自己的福气。| It was a
blessins that no one was injurea. 没有人受伤,真是幸运。|
This rain will be a blessing for the farmers. 对农民来说，这场
雨真是一场甘霖。3[U] infml approval or encouragement【非
正式】准许，同意：鼓励：The government has given its blessing
to the new plan. 政府已批准了这项新计划。| Do you think this
was done with the President's blessing?你认为这件事是在总
统同意之下做的吗？4 a blessing in disguise something that
seems unpleasant but is really a good thing after all 表面上带
来麻烦或不愉快而实际使人得福的事，祸中得福：The storm was
a blessing in disguise because it kept us at home when you
phoned. 你打来电话时，我们正被暴风雨困在家里，真可谓坏事变
好事了。 — see also 另见 MIXED BLESSING
bleth·er /`blao; 'bleoe/ also 又作 blather -v[I (ON)] espe
cially ScotE & NEngE to talk for a long time, especially fool-
ishly or untruthfully; CHATTER【尤苏格兰和英格兰北部】瞎说-
通，胡扯；喋喋不休- blether n[C;U
blew /blu; blu:/ v past tense of BLOW
Bligh /blar; blai/, Captain William (1754-？1817) an officer in
the British navy who was in command of the ship HMS
BOUNTY. Blight was unpopular because he was supposedly a
very cruel and strict leader, so the men on his ship attacked
him, took power from him, and made him leave in a small
boat. The film MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY is about this story, but
some people now believe that Captain Bligh was not as cruel
as shown in this story. 布莱〔(1754-？1817)，英国海军军官，“帮
蒂”号船船长。据认为他是一名十分残暴而严厉的领导者，所以不
受人欢迎。他受到船员的袭击，失去了指挥权，并被放入一条小船
中随波逐流。影片《叛舰喋血记》讲述的就是这个故事，但现在有
人相信布莱船长并不像该故事中所描述的那样残暴〕
blight' /blait; blait/ n 1 [U] a disease of plants that results in the
drying up and dying of the diseased parts〔植物〕枯萎病，病虫
害2 [C] something that causes annoyance, unhappiness, or
destruction〔导致烦恼、不幸或毁灭的〕坏因素；阴影：The acci-
dent cast a blight on our happiness. 那场意外事故使我们的幸
福生活蒙上了一层阴影。3 [U] a condition of ugliness, disorder,
and decay 丑陋，杂乱，腐败：the problem of inner-city blight
市中心人口稠密区的肮脏混乱问题
blight2ν [T] to infect or spoil with blight 使枯萎；摧残；挫折：
blighted fruit trees 枯萎的果树 | (fig. 喻) Her life was blighted
0164
by ill health. 她的一生被疾病所摧残。| blighted hopes 破灭的
希望
blight·er /`blaite; 'blaite/ n BrE old-fash slang【英，过时，俚】
1 a person, especially a man, you do not like 令人讨厌的人〔尤
指男人)：I told that blighter not to come here again! 我叫那
个讨厌鬼不要再来这里！2 any person〔任何〕人，家伙：You lucky
blighter!你这走运的家伙！ Poor little blighter!可怜的小家
伙!
Bligh·ty /`blaitr: 'blaiti/ old use BrE a name for Britain, which
was used especially by British soldiers and other British people
working abroad for the British Empire during the 19th and early
20th century【旧，英】英国老家〔尤为19世纪和20世纪早期在国
外服役的英国士兵及为大英帝国服务的人员所使用〕
bli. mey /`blaimi; 'blaimi/ interj BrE slang (used for expressing
surprise 用于表示惊愕)【英俚】呀！天啊！
blimp /blimp; blimp/ n a small AIRSHIP 小型飞艇
Blimp n — see 参见 COLONEL BLIMP
blind from birth 天生双目失明 | blind in one eye 一只眼睛瞎
了 | [also 又作 n, the+P] a special library service for the
blind 为盲人设立的特殊图书馆服务 — see 参见 BLIND
(USAGE) and see also 并另见 COLOUR-BLIND 2 [A] intended
for blind people 为盲人的：a blind school 盲人学校 3 [F (to)]
unable or unwilling to recognize or understand(something bad)
缺乏识别能力的：〔对坏事物〕视而不见的：They seem to be blind
to the possible consequences of this policy. 他们似乎看不到
这项政策可能带来的后果。| He is blind to her faults. 他无视
她的过错。4 without thought, judgment, or reason 盲目的，轻
率的，鲁莽的：blind hastelanger 瞎忙：无端的生气 | in a blind
panic 陷于盲目的恐慌状态| blind faith/loyalty 盲目的信仰[忠
诚] 5 operating without purpose or human control盲目的，漫
无计划的；不受人力操纵的：the blind forces of nature 人难以
驾驭的自然力量 6 done wholly by using instruments within an
aircraft and without looking outside〔飞机上)单凭仪表操纵的：
blind flying 只靠仪表飞行[导航] | flying blind 只凭仪表操作
进行飞行|a blind landing 不用肉眼单凭仪表操纵着陆 7 at or
in which it is difficult to see 隐蔽的，不易看见的； a dangerous
blind corner/turning 看不见的危险的角落[拐弯处] 8 [A] BrE
slang (used to add force to an expression用于加强语气)
slightest【英俚】极少的，一点点：I tried to warn her, but she
didn't take a blind bit of notice. 我试图警告她，可她一点都不
把我的话当一回事。| It doesn't make a blind bit of difference. 
那没有一星半点的差别。9 (as) blind as a bat infm/ having dif-
ficulty in seeing【非正式】视觉有困难的：I'm as blind as a ba
without my glasses. 我不戴眼镜，就什么也看不见。10 (a case
of) the blind leading the blind people with little information
advising people with even less 盲人给瞎子引路 11 turn a blind
eye (to) to pretend not to see or notice (something, especially
something illegal)对〔尤指不合法的事情〕假装看不见；对··熟
视无睹； You shouldn't really drink here, but I'm willing to
turn a blind eye (to it). 你不该在这儿喝酒，不过我愿意（对此事）
睁一只眼闭一只眼。 — see also 另见 effing and blinding (EFF),
and compare 并比较 turn a deaf ear to (DEAF) — ~ly adv -
~ness n [U]
*blind2v [T] 1 to make unable to see, either for a time or for ever
使〔暂时或永久〕失去视力：The glare of the headlights blinded
me for a moment. 耀眼的汽车前灯照得我一时什么也看不见。
blinded by the smoke 因有烟而看不见 | The soldier was
blindea in battle. 那士兵在作战中两只眼都瞎了。| blinde in
one eye一只眼被弄瞎了| a blinding flask of light令人眩目的
闪光 2 [(to)] to make unable to notice or understand; take away
the good sense or judgment of 使失去理解力或判断力； His de-
termination blinded him to all the difficulties. 他的执拗使他
看不到存在的一切困难。|blinded by emotion 被感情蒙住了眼
睛 3 blind with science to confuse or fill with admiration by a
show of detailed or specialist knowledge 以炫弄专业知识蒙骗
人
USAGE 用法说明 Blinded and deafened are used wher
we mention a particular event in which a person becomes
blind or deaf. 当某人在一特别事件中变瞎或变聋，可用
blinded 与 deafened: He was blinded by dust/blinded in
the war. (他因灰尘迷眼而什么也看不见了：他在战争中失
明。) | The music was so loud I was nearly deafened. （音
乐声音太大，我的耳朵几乎要震聋了。) For describing a state
use the adjectives blind or deaf. 描述状态时就要用形容词
blind 或 deaf: He became blind. (他失明了。) | a deaf
child(失聪的孩子)
*blind3 n 1 also 又作 window shade AmE【美】- a piece of
cloth or other material, which can usually be rolled or folded
up for covering a window 〔能上下卷叠的)窗帘，遮帘，百叶窗 -
see also 另见 ROLLER BLIND, VENETIAN BLIND 2 a way of hid-
ing the truth by giving a false idea 欺瞒；掩饰；借口：His news
paper job was only a blind for his real business, which was
receiving stoler goods. 他在报社的工作只是一种掩护,他真正
的营生是窝赃。3 especially AmE a hidden place from which
to watch animals, especially when hunting; HIDE3【尤美】〔尤指
打猎时〕窥视猎物的隐蔽处，埋伏处
blind al-ley /， '·/ n a little narrow street with no way out at the
other end 死胡同，死巷：trapped in a blind alley 被逼进死胡同 
(fig. 喻) We tried one idea after another, but they all seemed
to be blind alleys. 我们接连地试过许多办法，但是看来都行不
通。
blind date /'/ n infml a social meeting (DATE) between a boy
and a girl who have not met before【非正式】从未晤面的男女间
的约会
Blind Date a popular British television show in which one per. 
son chooses a partner from three people that they cannot see,
by asking them silly questions. They then go away for a short
holiday together, and go back on the show the next week to
talk about their experiences and say whether they liked each
other. There is a similar programme on American television
called The Dating Game. 《初次约会》〔英国的流行电视节目，参
加者单凭一些无聊的问题从三位不能见面的人中选择一位搭档，接
着两人一起去度个短假，下周再回到节目中叙述旅途经历，并表明
是否相互赞赏。美国一档类似的电视节目为《约会游戏》〕
blind drunk /， '·/ adj [F] BrE slang extremely drunk【英俚】烂
醉（如泥）的
blind·er /`blainde; 'blainde'/ play a blinder BrE infml to do
something extremely well, especially in a game or musical
performance【英，非正式】〔尤指在体育比赛或音乐表演中〕表现
极其出色：Marinello played a blinder in his first game for
Arsenal scoring a brilliant goal against manchester united
马里内洛在为阿森纳队踢的首场比赛中表现极佳，以一个漂亮的入
球攻破曼彻斯特联队的球门
blind·ers /`'blainde-z; 'blaindez/ n [P] AmE for【美】=BLINKERS
blind-fold' /`blaind fold: 'blaindfeold/ n a piece of cloth that
covers the eyes to prevent seeing 蒙眼布；障眼物
blindfold2v [T] to put a blindfold on 蒙住··的眼睛：The pris-
oner was blindfolded. 囚犯被蒙住了眼
blindfold3 BrE【英】‖ blindfolder AmE【美】- adv with a blind-
fold over one's eyes 蒙上眼地：I could do it blindfold. 我蒙着
眼都能做（这件事）
blind man's buff /，· '/‖ also 又作 blindman's bluff AmE
【美】- n [U] a children's game in which one child, whose
eyes are covered with a blindfold, tries to catch the others捉迷
藏（游戏）
blind·side /`blaindsaid; 'blaimdsaid/ ν [T] AmE infml【美，非正
式】1 to deliberately ask someone a difficult question or give
them an unpleasant surprise that confuses them, so that they
do not know how to react 故意刁难：The Senator was clearly
blindsided by the question. 显然议员被那个问题难住了。2 to
hit someone unexpectedly from the side 偷袭，偷击：One of
the gang blindsided Sammy with a baseball bat. 那伙人中的
个用棒球球棒偷袭萨米。
blind spot /'/n 1 the point in the eye where the nerve enters,
which is not sensitive to light 盲点〔眼神经无光感处) 2 a place
or an area that cannot be seen easily, especially the part of the
road slightly behind and to the side of the driver of a car 〔尤指
驾驶者后面两侧一带)不易看见的地方，死角3 something that
one is unable and perhaps unwilling to understand 不理解的事
物；偏见，无知：I have a blind spot where computers are
concerned. 我对电脑一窍不通。
blink1/blink; blink/ v [I; T]1 to shut and open your eyes quickly
眨眼：I blinked as I came out into the sunlight. 我走出房间来
到太阳底下时直眨眼睛。2 if lights blink, they shine less brightly
and then more brightly, or they go on and off quickly〔灯光)时
闪时灭，闪烁：The light on your answering machine is blinking. 
你的电话答录机上的指示灯在闪烁。3 not (even) blink to not
seem at all surprised 丝毫不惊奇：She didn't even blink when l
told her the price. 我告诉她售价时，她毫不惊讶。4 blink and
you miss it BrE infml used to mean that something happens
for a very short time or is very small, so that it is easy not to
notice it【英，非正式】一眨眼就错过了，稍纵即逝：It's a tiny little
village -- blink and you miss it. 这是个极小的村庄 -- 稍不留
神就错过了。
blink2 n 1 an act of blinking 眨眼睛；闪烁 2 on the blink infml
(of machinery) not working properly 〔机器)失灵，出毛病：The
radio's on the blink again. 这台收音机又出毛病了。
0165
blink·ered /`blinked; 'blinked/ adj 1 (of a horse) wearing
blinkers 〔马)戴眼罩的 2 derog showing an inability to under-
stand or accept anything beyond one's own familiar ideas
customs,beliefs etc【贬】狭隘的，偏见的，片面的：保守的
blinkered opinion: 狭隘的见解 | She's so blinkered!她是那
样的片面
blink·ers /`blinke·z; 'blinkez/ n [P] 1 also 又作 blinders AmE
【美】- a pair of flat pieces of leather fixed beside a horse's
eyes to prevent it seeing objects on either side 〔系于马眼旁使
之不能侧视的)马眼罩：(fig. 喻) David has blinkers on when it
comes to politics. 谈到政治戴维就搞不清楚了。2 AmE for【美】
=WINKERS
blink·ing /`blinkin; 'blinkin/ adj [A] BrE euph infml for【英
婉，非正式】= BLOODY2: Don't be such a blinking fool! 别再当
大傻瓜了！
blintze, blintz /blints; blints/ n AmE a thin flat breadlike cake
made in Jewish cooking and rolled around cheese or fruit【美】
〔用干酪或水果作馅的〕犹太式薄饼卷
blip /blip; blip/ n 1 a very short sound produced by a machine
such as a RADAR apparatus or a machine that measures a sick
person's heartbeat （仪器等发出的）极短促的哔哔声 — compare
比较 BLEEP 2 an image produced by a RADAR apparatus雷达
上的影像，光点 3 a short pause in a process, usually caused by
a small problem〔常由小故障引起的〕生产流程的暂停
bliss /blis; blis/ n [U] complete happiness 无上幸福，福祐，至福
a young couple in married bliss 一对沉浸在美满婚姻中的年轻
夫妇| It'ssheer bliss to be able to spend the day in bed. 整天
都可躺在床上真是幸福。 — ~ful adj — ~fully adv: blissfully
happy极其快乐 | The Dassengers carried on drinkin and
dancing,blissfully unaware of the impending disaster. 旅客
们继续喝酒跳舞，快活得对那临头大祸竟毫不察觉
B-list /bi list; 'bi: list/ adj [A] B-list celebrities, actors etc are
people who are fairly well known because they are on
television, in the newspapers etc, but who are not really famous
〔名人、演员等〕比较有名的，二流的：They'd invited some B-lis
celebrity to open the new supermarker. 他们邀请了某个颇有
名气的人来为那家新超级市场剪彩
blis. ter1 /bliste; 'bliste/ n 1 a thin watery swelling under the
skin, caused by rubbing, burning etc〔皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤而起
的)脓疱，水泡：These new shoes have given me blisters. 新鞋
把我的脚磨起了泡。2 a similar swelling on the surface of things
such as painted wood or a rubber TYRE〔在油漆过的木料或橡胶
轮胎等上的〕气泡，浮泡
blister2v[I; T] to (cause to) form blisters 起泡；使起水泡：Wher
I play tennis my hands blister from holding the racquet. 一打
网球，我的手就会因握球拍而起水泡。| The heat blistered the
paint on the building. 高温使那房子的油漆起了泡
blis·ter·ing /`blisterin; 'blistarin/ adj 1 very hot 炎热的，酷热
的：the blistering heat of the desert 沙漠中的酷热 2 full of
anger and severe disapproval; SCATHING 愤怒的；猛烈的；严厉
的，刻薄的：a blistering attack on the government 对政府的猛
烈攻击 — ~ly adv: blisteringly hot 酷暑
blister pack /'· / also 又作 bubble pack n a packet for small
products with a clear plastic front fixed to a thick paper backing
包装小商品的〕透明塑料封套
blithe /blaio; blaio/ also 又作 blithe·some /-sem; -sam/ lit【文】-
adj sometimes derog (especially of a person's behaviour)
happy and unworried【有时贬】〔尤指行为、举止〕快乐的，无忧无
虑的：a blithe lack of concern 毫不在乎，毫不关心 — ~ly adv
They blithely carried on chatting, ignoring the customers who
were waiting to be served,他们无忧无虑地闲聊着，全然不理
会那些正在等候的顾客。
blith. er. ing /`blioerin; 'blioerin/ adj [A] slang stupid; talking
nonsense【俚】傻的，愚蠢的；胡说八道的：Youblithering idiot
你这胡说八道的傻瓜！
blitz1/blits; blits/ n 1 also 又作 blitz·krieg /`blitskrig; 'blitskri:g/
a (period of) sudden heavy attack, especially from the air闪电
般的猛烈袭击〔尤指空袭)；闪电战2[(on)] infml a period of
great activity for some special purpose【非正式】〔为某个特殊
目的的)大规模行动：an advertising blitz 一阵大规模的广告宣
传 | Let's have a blitz on all these letters that need answering. 
我们对这些需要答复的信件来个闪电式的突击清理吧
blitz2y [T] to make blitz attacks on 对··进行猛烈空袭，以闪电
战攻击：London was badly blized in 1940. 伦敦于 1940 年遭
到猛烈的空袭
Blitz, the the time during World War II when German planes
dropped many bombs on British cities, especially London第
二次世界大战期间德国对英国城市的空袭〔尤指对伦敦的空袭〕
Sam had rescued three people from a burning house during
the Blitz. 伦敦受空袭期间，萨姆从一幢着火的房子里救出三人。
blitzed /blitst; blitst/ adj especially AmE infml very tired or
very drunk【尤美，非正式】极累的；烂醉如泥的
Blix·en /`bliksn; 'bliksan/ Baroness Kar. en /`kaeren; 'kaeren
(1885-1962) a Danish writer who wrote in English using the
man's name Isak Dinesen. She wrote many short stories, but
her most famous book, Out of Africa, describing her life on a
coffee farm in Kenya, was made into a film in 1985. 布利克森
〔(1885-1962)，以英语写作的丹麦作家，使用男子笔名埃萨克·迪
内森。她写过许多短篇小说，但最出名的作品是《走出非洲》，描述
了她在肯尼亚一家咖啡园上的生活，1985年被改编成电影
bliz. zard /`blize-d; 'blized/ n a long severe snowstorm 暴风雪
雪暴 — see 参见 RAIN(USAGE)
bloat·ed/`blotid; 'bleutd/ adj unpleasantly swollen 发胀的
膨胀的；浮胖的，臃肿的：the bloated body of a drowned dog 淹
死的狗那发胀的尸体 | I felt absolutely bloated after our Christ
mas dinner. 吃完圣诞节晚餐后，我觉得肚子很胀。| (fig. 喻) a
bloated estimate of the cost 对成本过高的估计
bloat. er /`blote; 'bleute/ n a large fat fish (especially a
HERRING) that has been treated with salt and smoke 腌熏鱼〔尤
指鲱鱼〕
blob /blab; blob/ n [(of)] a drop or small round mass 一滴，一小
圆团：a blob of paint on the floor 地板上的一滴油漆
bloc /blak; blok/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of people (especially
politicians), political parties, or nations that act together 集团，
阵营：the Communist bloc 共产主义阵营 — see also 另见 EN
BLOC; compare 比较 BLOCK
*block1 /blak; blok/ n 1 [C (of)] a solid usually straight-sided
mass or piece of hard material such as wood or stone,一大块
<如木、石等通常有直切边或坚硬的物体>：a block of ice 一大块
冰 | The floor was made of wooden blocks. 地板是用木块拼成
的。2[C] especially BrE a large building divided into sepa-
rate parts【尤英】〔大建筑物的〕栋，座，幢：a block of flats 一栋
住宅楼宇 | an office block 一幢办公大楼 — see also 另见
TOWER BLOCK 3 [C] especially AmE (the distance along one
of the sides of) a building or group of buildings built between
two streets【尤美】街区，街段，地段：The office is four blocks
from here,办事处离此有四个街区远。| We live on the same
block. 我们住在同一个街区。4 [C (of)] a quantity of things
considered as a single unit 一组，一批，一套，一叠：a block of
seats in a theatre 剧院中的一片座位 | a block of shares in a
business 企业中的大宗股票 5 [C usually sing. 一般用单数]
something that stops movement or activity 障碍物，堵塞物：d
block in the water pipe水管中的堵塞物 | I seem to havea
mental block about computers. (=I can't understand them a
all. )对于电脑，我脑子好像堵塞了一样，一点儿都不懂。| a nov-
elist suffering fromwriter's block(=feeling unable to write)
苦于文思不畅的小说家 — see also 另见 ROADBLOCK 6 [the
the large piece of wood, with a hollow for the neck, on which
people's heads were cut off as a punishment in former times
〔昔时的〕断头台7 [C] a piece of wood or metal with words or
line drawings cut into the surface of it, for printing 〔印刷用的
版垫，衬版，印版，木印板8[C] a movement in sport that stops
your opponent from getting the ball or scoring (SCORE)阻挡
〔指体育比赛中防止对手得球或得分〕9 [C] tech a physical unit
of stored information on a MAGNETIC TAPE or DISK【术语】块
信息组〔指磁带或磁盘上储存信息的物理单位)：How big are the
blocks on this tape?这盘磁带上的块有多大？ 10someone's
been around the block (a few times) AmE spoken used in
order to say that someone has a lot of experience of life in
general or of a particular kind of situation【美，口】某人在生活
或某方面经验丰富：The man responsible for the crime spree
was no beginner. When it comes to bank robbery he's been
around the block. 那个疯狂作案的家伙绝不是新手。谈到抢劫
银行，他可在行呢。| We were all staring at this older womar
who was standing in line in front of us. You could tell she'd
been around the block a few times - too much makeup, hair
dyed pink, and a skirt that was way too short. 我们都在盯着
排在前面的这个上了年纪的女士。她可是在社会上混过的——化
浓妆，头发染成粉红色，穿很短的裙。-compare 比较BLOC;see
also 另见 BLOCK AND TACKLE, BLOCK LETTERS, STUMBLING
BLOCK, chip off the old block (CHIP1), knock someone's block
off(KNOCK1(7)
*block2v [T] 1 to prevent movement through 阻挡，堵塞，封锁
Something's blocking the pipe. 有东西阻塞了管道。| a blocked
pipe 被阻塞的管道 | The road was blocked by a big truck. 道
路被一辆大货车堵死了。| My nose is all blocked up and I can't
breathe. 我的鼻子不通，不能呼吸。| The police have blocked
off the road where the bomb was found. 警察已将发现有炸弹
的路段封了。2 [(OFF)] to shut off from view 挡住 （视线）：The
trees outside the window block (off) the sun. 窗外的树木挡住
0166
了阳光。3 to prevent from happening, advancing, or succeed-
ing 阻止，妨碍，阻挠：One of the directors blocked her
appointment. . 由于一名董事的反对,任命她的计划受到了阻挠。
The legislation was blocked by the House of Lords. 该项立法
受到上议院的阻挠。4 tech to limit the use of (a particular
nation's money)【术语】限制使用（某国货币），冻结（通货）
blockea currency冻结货币
block sthg. in/out phr v [T] to make a quick drawing
showing the general idea of 画出·的草图，画·的简略图：I've
blocked inloui a rough plan of the campus. 我已勾勒了该大学
校园的简图
block. ade'/bla`ked; blo'keid/ n the surrounding of a place by
warships or soldiers to prevent people or goods from coming
in or going out （对某地的）封锁：They are threatening to im-
pose a blockade on the country. 他们威胁要对该国实行封锁。
to run a blockade(=get through it)越过封锁线 | to raise/lift
a blockade(=end it) 解除封锁 — compare 比较 EMBARGO'
blockade2y [T] to put under a blockade 封锁：The ships block-
aded the harbour. 军舰封锁了港口。
block·age/blakid3; 'blokid3/ n 1 something that causes a block
OBSTRUCTION 堵塞物：障碍，阻碍：There's a blockage in the
pipe somewhere. 管内某处被阻塞了。 2 a state of bein blocked
堵塞 （状态） ：The strike has caused a blockage in food supplies. 
罢工已导致食物供应受阻
block and tack·le/. ·'·/ n [C; U] an arrangement of wheels
and ropes for lifting heavy things〔搬提重物的〕滑车装置，滑轮
(组) ，绞辘：We moved the fallen tree with (a) block and tackle
我们用滑车装置把倒下的树木搬走
block. bust·er/`blak basto; 'blok,baste/ n 1 infml something
very effective or remarkable, especially a very successful film
or book【非正式】轰动一时的东西〔尤指风靡一时的电影、书籍〕：
The new James Bond picture is a real blockbuster. 新推出的
詹姆斯·邦德影片大为轰动。2 an extremely powerful bomb爆
炸力巨大的炸弹
block. head/`blak hed; 'blokhed/ n infml an extremely stupid
person【非正式】大笨蛋，大傻瓜
blockhouse/blak haus; 'blokhaus/ n-houses /- hauziz; -hauzz
a small fort used as a shelter from enemy gunfire or for watch-
ing dangerous operations (such as powerful explosions)碉堡：
掩体
block let·ters/, '·/ also 又作 block cap·i·tals /，· '·/ —n [P]
the writing of words with each letter formed separately and
written in its CAPITAL (=big) form. It is usual to write in block
letters when completing official forms. 印刷体大写字母〔填写
正式表格时通常使用) ：Please write your name in block letters
请把你的名字用印刷体大写字母写出来。
block par. ty/'. ·/ n AmE a party held in the street for all the
people living on that block【美】〔为居住在同一街区里所有人举
办的〕街头露天聚会
block vote/'/ n a single vote that is made by a representa
tive of a large group, such as a trade union, and is regarded as
representing the votes of all the members of the group 集团投
票〔由工会等组织的一位代表为其全体成员所投的一票〕
Bloc Que. be. cois/,blak keb`kwa;,blok keibe'kwa:/ a politi. 
cal party in Canada which wants the PROVINCE of Quebec to
be a separate country 魁北克人党〔加拿大的一个要求魁北克省
独立的政治党派〕
bloke/blok; bleuk/ n BrE infml a man【英，非正式】人，家伙
blok·ish/`blokif; 'bleukif/ adj BrE infml a man who is blokish
is relaxed and friendly when he is with other men, and enjoys
doing traditionally male things【英，非正式】〔指男士与其他男
性在一起时〕轻松友好的；〔男性〕传统的
blond/bland; blond/ adj 1 (of hair) light-coloured (usually
yellowish)金发的 2 also 又作 blonde fem. 【阴性】- having
light-coloured usually yellowish hair and light skin 〔女性)白
肤金发的 — compare 比较 BRUNETTE
blonde/bland; blond/ n a woman or girl with light-coloured
usually yellowish hair. People sometimes use the phrase
Gentlemen prefer blondes', which is the title of a book by
Anita Loos. 金发女人(人们有时引用阿妮塔·露丝的书名说“绅士
更爱金发女人”) — see also 另见 DUMB BLONDE
Blon. die/blandi; 'blondi/ the main female character in the US
CARTOON STRIP which is also called 'Blondie'. Blondie is a
kind, attractive HOUSEWIFE who is always helping her husband
Dagwood whenever he does something wrong. Many people
consider Blondie to be an old-fashioned STEREOTYPE of the
perfect housewife. 金发女〔美国连环漫画《金发女》的同名女主人
公，她是一位和善迷人的家庭主妇，无论丈夫达格伍德何时做错事，
她都愿意帮助他。许多人认为她是旧式的完美家庭主妇的典型〕
*blood1/blad; blad/ n 1 [U] the red liquid which flows through
the body 血，血液：The knife was covered in blood. 那把刀子
上沾满了鲜血。| It was a serious cut and she lost a lot of
blood. 刀伤很重，她流失了很多血。| The way they treat their
children makes my blooc boil, (=makes me very angt) 他们
对待孩子的方式使我非常气愤。| The sound of footsteps in the
dark made his blood run cold. (=frightened him)黑暗中的脚
步声使他毛骨悚然。| He's under police protection because
he knows the rest of the gang are after his blood. (=hate him/
want to harm him physically)他处于警方的保护下,因为他知
道那伙人中其他的成员恨死他，一定想收拾他。| (lit 文) The in-
vading army spilled the blood of our people. (=killed them)
侵略军杀害了我们的同胞。2[U] family relationship 血统，血
缘，家世，门第：a woman of noble blood 门第高贵的妇人
princes of the blood (royal) (=of the royal family)有皇族血
统的王子 | Both her parents are actors, so acting is/runs in
her blood 她的父母都是演员，所以演戏是她家传的天赋。3[U]
strong especially unpleasant feeling; temper 脾气：Her blood
is up (=She is very angry. )她大发脾气。4 [C] old use a fash-
ionable young man【旧】花花公子，纨袴子弟：young bloods
drinking and shouting in the street 在街上饮酒吵闹的公子
哥儿 5 blood is thicker than water saying family relation-
ships are stronger or more important than relationships with
other people【谚】血浓于水；疏不间亲 6 blood, sweat, and tears
quote a slightly changed phrase from a speech made by Win
ston Churchill in 1940. He said that all he could offer the Brit-
ish government and people was 'blood, toil, tears, and sweat'. 
【引】热血、汗水和眼泪〔为1940年丘吉尔一次演说中的一句话，
稍作修改。他说他能够奉献给英国政府和英国人民的只有“热血
苦干、眼泪和汗水”)7 get blood from/out of a stone to try to
get something, especially money, from a person, group etc that
is unwilling to give it 想从石头里榨出血来；想从吝啬的人手上
拿到钱：Getting my boss to agree to a pay rise is like getting
blood from a stone. 要想叫我的老板同意提高工资，那就如同要
从石头里榨出血来一样难。8 in cold blood cruelly and on pur-
pose 冷血地；蓄意地；残忍地； They killed the old man in cold
blood!他们残忍地杀了那个老人。 — see also 另见 COLD
BLOODED 9 have (someone's) blood on your hands to be re
sponsible for someone's death对（某人的）死亡应负责任，双手
沾满 （某人的） 鲜血：He has my son's blood on his hands, and
I hope it haunts him for the rest of his life. 他对我儿子的死亡
应负责任，我希望这能使他不安一辈子。|These people lead a
terrorist organization and have blood on their hands,这些人
领导一个恐怖组织，他们的双手沾满鲜血。10-blooded/-`blvdid;
'bladad/ having a certain kind of blood, or a certain character
有（某种）血的；有（某种）特性的；纯血统的：warm-blooded ani
mals 温血动物 — see also 另见 BAD BLOOD, BLUE BLOOD
FLESH AND BLOOD, NEW BLOOD, RED BLOOD CELL
blood2v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] 1 BrE to give (someone)
a first experience of a new activity; INITIATE【英】使〔某人)取
得新经验 2 to give (a hunting dog) its first taste of blood使〔猎
犬〕初尝血腥味
blood-and-guts/·'/ adj infml full of action or violence【非
正式】激烈的，猛烈的：a blood-and-guts struggle between the
two teams 两队之间的激烈争夺
blood-and-thun. der/,. '·/ adj [A] BrE (of a film, story etc)
full of exciting action and meaningless violence【英】〔电影、小
说等〕充满血腥和暴力场面的
blood bank/'/ n a store of human blood for use in hospital
treatment 血库
blood-bath/`blvd,bae0; 'bladba: 0/ n the killing at one time of
many people; MASSACRE 血洗；大屠杀
blood broth. er/. '. / n one of two or more men who have
promised loyalty to one another, during a ceremony in which
their blood is mixed together 歃血盟誓的兄弟，结盟的拜把弟兄
blood count/' /n a medical examination of a person's blood
to see if it contains all the right substances in the right amounts
血球计数，血细胞计数
blood. cur. dling /blad,k3-dlin; 'blad,k3:dlin/ adj extremely
frightening; HORRIFYING 令人心惊胆战的：bloodcurdling cries. 
stories令人毛骨悚然的叫声[故事]
blood do. nor/'. / n a person who gives some of their blood
for use in the treatment of other people who are wounded or
ill. In Britain and the US, blood donors are not paid for giving
blood. 献血者，捐血者〔在英美两国，献血是无偿的〕
blood feud /' / n a long-lasting quarrel between people or
families, with murders or physical harm on both sides 〔家族之
间连续好几代的〕宿仇，血仇
blood group/' / also 又作 blood type - n any of the four
classes into which human blood can be separated according to
the presence or absence in it of certain substances. The blood
0167
groups are called A,B,AB and O. 血型〔血型分为A型、B型
AB型和O型
blood heat /' / n [U] a temperature about that of the human
body;about 37°℃人体血温<约37°℃)
blood-hound /blad,haund; 'blvdhaund/ n 1 a large hunting
dog with a very sharp sense of smell, used for tracking people
or animals〔一种嗅觉灵敏，用于追踪人或动物的〕大警犬 2 infm
a DETECTIVE【非正式】侦探
blood. less /blvdlis; 'blvdles/ adj 1 without killing or violence
不流血的；没有暴力的：a bloodless victory/coup 不流血的胜利
[政变]2 lacking in human feeling; lifeless 冷酷的，无情的：没
精打采的，无生命的：bloodless statistics 无情的统计数字-
compare 比较 BLOODY` — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
blood-let. ting /`blad latin; 'blvd, letin/ n [U] 1 killing; BLOOD
SHED 流血，杀戮 2 the former medical practice of treating sick
people by removing some of their blood 〔古代医疗术的)放血
blood lust /'/ n [C; U] a strong desire to kill or wound 杀戮欲
blood. mo. bile /bladme bil; 'bladme bi:l/ n AmE a special
vehicle with equipment to take blood from people who are giv-
ing their blood for the treatment of others【美】〔为捐血者抽血
的〕流动献血车
blood mon-ey /'·/ n [U] 1 money paid for murdering or for
helping murderers 付给凶手或帮凶的酬金 2 money paid to the
family of a murdered person 偿付给被害人亲属的抚恤金
blood plas·ma /'·/ n[U] PLASMA 血浆
blood poi·son·ing /' ，·/ also 又作 septicaemia tech【术语】-
n [U] a serious condition in which an infection spreads from a
small area of the body through the blood 血中毒，败血症
blood pres·sure /'·/ n [C; U] the measurable force with
which blood travels through the body血压：He suffers from
high blood pressure. 他患有高血压症。
blood red /· ·/ adj red like blood 血红（色）的：a blood red
sunset血红的落日
blood re. la. tion /'. ·/n a person related by birth rather thar
by marriage 血缘，血亲，骨肉
blood·shed /`blad,fed; 'blvdfed/ n [U] the flowing of blood or
killing of people, usually in fighting; SLAUGHTER〔常指搏斗中
的〕流血，虐杀，残杀：To prevent further bloodshed, the two
sides agreed to a truce. 为避免进一步的流血伤亡，双方同意休
战
bloodshot /`blad fat; 'bladfot/ adj (of the eyes) having the
white part coloured red 〔眼睛)充血的，有血丝的：His eyes were
bloodshot from too much drinking. 他饮酒过度，眼睛布满了血
丝。
blood sport /' ·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] derog the hunting
and killing of birds and animals for pleasure【贬】以猎杀（鸟
兽)为乐的运动[活动]：The group campaigns against all blood
sports, especially foxhunting. 这个团体发起运动反对所有以捕
杀鸟兽为乐的活动，尤其是反对猎狐。
blood. stain /`blad,sten; 'blvdstein/ n a mark or spot of blood
血污，血迹：There were bloodstains on the floor where they
had been fighting. 那些人打斗过的地板上血迹斑斑。 — ~ed adj
bloodstained clothing 血迹斑斑的衣服
blood. stock /blvd,stak; 'bladstok/ n [U] horses that have been
bred for racing 〔用于赛马的)纯种的马：a bloodstock auction
纯种马拍卖
blood·stream /`blvd strim; 'blvdstri:m/ n [(the)] the blood as
it flows round the body 循环于体内的血液，血流：The drug is
injected directly into the bloodstream. 药物直接注射入血液
中
blood·suck·er /blvd sake; 'blad,sake/n 1 any creature, such
as an insect or LEECH, that bites and then sucks blood from the
wound 吸血的动物，吸血虫<如蚂蟥> 2 derog infml a person who
uses other people for his/her own advantage, especially to get
money from them【贬，非正式】吸血鬼，剥削者；放高利贷者
blood·thirst. v /`blvd,03-str; 'blvd,03:sti/ adj 1 taking pleasure
in killing and violence; eager for BLOODSHED嗜杀成性的；耽
于暴力的2 dealing with killing and violence 涉及凶杀和暴力
的：a bloodthirsty movie 一部充满凶杀场面的电影 - -ily ady
-iness n [U]
blood trans. fu. sion /'·/ n [C; U] the process of putting
blood from one person into another person's bloodstream, usu-
ally after an accident or illness 输血
blood type /'/ n a BLOOD GROUP 血型
blood ves. sel /'/n any of the tubes of various sizes through
which blood flows in the body血管
blood. y1 /`bladi; 'blvdi/ adj 1 bleeding or covered with blood
流血的：血淋淋的，染满血的，血迹斑斑的：a bloody nose 血糊
糊的鼻子 2 with a lot of wounding and killing 血腥的，伤亡很
重的；残忍的：a bloody battle 血腥的战役 — compare 比较
BLOODLESS --ily adv --iness n [U]
bloody2 adj, adv [A] especially BrE infml, not polite【尤英，非
正式，不礼貌】1(used for giving force to an expression or judg-
ment 用于加强语气或判断)很，太，十分，非常：Don't be such a
bloody fool!别做这样的大傻瓜！| It's bloody marvellous!真
是好极了！|Bloody hell!该死的！2(used as an almost mean. 
ingless addition to angry speech 生气时用以发泄的用语)该死
的，讨厌的：I got my bloody foot caught in the bloody chair
didn'tI?我这只该死的脚被这把该死的椅子绊住了，不是吗？
\"Will you lend me ￡10？”“Not bloody likely!”(=Certainly
not!)“你借给我十英镑行吗？”“休想！
bloody mar. y /. ·/ n a drink made by mixing VODKA and
TOMATO juice 伏特加酒掺番茄汁调制的一种鸡尾酒
Bloody Mary — see 参见 MARY I
bloody-mind. ed /. . / adj BrE infml opposing the wishes
of others unreasonably and on purpose; intentionally unhelp-
ful and OBSTINATE【英，非正式】无理作对的；故意刁难的；顽固
的 — ~ness n[U]
Bloody Sun-day /. '·/ Sunday, 30th January 1972， when Brit-
ish soldiers in Northern Ireland used force to control a large
crowd of people who were protesting against the policy of IN-
TERNMENT(=putting people in prison without a trial if they
were believed to be members of the IRA). 13 people were killed
when the soldiers fired at the crowd. 血腥星期日〔指 1972年 1
月30日星期天，英国士兵在北爱尔兰动用武力镇压反对拘禁政策
的示威群众，13人遭射杀〕
bl
loom1 /blum; blu:m/ n 1 [C] apprec a flower【褒】花：What
beautiful blooms! 多美的花啊！ | The roses are in (full) bloom
(=flowering)玫瑰花盛开了。2 [S; U] a covering of fine pow-
der on ripe GRAPES, PLUMs etc〔葡萄、李子等成熟时表面所生的
一层〕粉霜，粉衣 3 [the+of] especially lit the best or most
favourable time of【尤文】最佳时期，茂盛时期； in the bloom of
youth 正值豆蔻年华 | the first bloom of love 爱情之花初绽
bloom2v [I] 1 to produce flowers, come into flower, or be in
flower 开花；（花）盛开：The roses are blooming. 玫瑰花正在盛
开。2 [usually in progressive forms 一般用进行式] to be in a
healthy growing state; FLOURISH 兴旺，繁盛，健康成长：The
children are blooming. 孩子正在健康成长。 — compare 比较
BLOSSOM2
Bloom, Le. o. pold /liepold; 'li:epeuld/ the main character in
the novel Ulysses by James JOYCE, which tells the story of one
day in Bloom's life. In Dublin people celebrate 'Bloomsday'. 
which is based on the day that Bloom made his journey around
the city. 布卢姆〔詹姆斯·乔伊斯小说《尤利西斯》中的主人公，故
事讲述布卢姆一天的生活。在都柏林，人们庆祝“布卢姆斯日”，即
布卢姆作环城游览的日子
bloom. er /blume; 'blu:me/ n 1 BrE humor slang a stupid
mistake【英，幽，俚】大错，大失策，大败笔：I made a terrible
bloomer. 我犯了一个大错。2 BrE a loaf of bread which is baked
at the bottom of the OVEN and has lines marked on the top【英】
〔置于炉底烘烤，顶部带有条纹的〕开花面包
bloom·ers /bluma·z; 'blu:mez/ n [P] 1 a woman's garment of
short loose trousers gathered at the knee, worn in Europe and
America in the late 19th century〔19世纪末欧美妇女所穿的长
及膝部的〕灯笼裤 2 infml for【非正式】=KNICKERS — see 参见
PAIR (USAGE)
bloom·ing /`blumin; 'blu:min/ adj, adv [A] especially BrE
(used for giving force to an expression 用于加强语气)【尤英】
很，太，非常：It's blooming ridiculous! 这真是太荒唐了
Bloo. ming. dale's blumindelz; 'blu:mindeilz/ a large DEPART-
MENT STORE in New York City. It sells many different kinds
of goods but is known especially for selling expensive clothes. 
布卢明代尔斯百货公司〔纽约市的一家大百货商店，出售多种商
品，尤以出售高级服装闻名
Blooms. bu. ry /blumzberi; 'blu:mzbari/ a busy area in the centre
of London which has attractive buildings and SQUARES(=oper
areas with grass and trees, surrounded on four sides by roads
and buildings), where many writers and artists lived in the early
part of the 20th century 布卢姆斯伯里〔位于伦敦市中心的一个
繁华区域，那里有漂亮的建筑和广场。20世纪初期，许多作家、艺
术家居住于此〕
Bloomsbury Group, the /'. / a group of artists and writers
who lived and met each other regularly in Bloomsbury in the
early part of the 20th century. The most famous member of the
group was Virginia Woolf. 布卢姆斯伯里（文化）团体〔指20世
纪初期在布卢姆斯伯里地区居住并定期聚会的一群艺术家和作家
他们中最著名的是弗吉尼亚·吴尔夫〕
bloop. er /blupe; 'blu:pe'/ n AmE humor slang a stupid mistake
【美，幽，俚】差错，洋相
blos. som1 /`blasem; 'blosam/ n 1 [C] the flower of a tree or
0168
bush, especially one that produces fruit〔尤指果树的)花； apple
blossoms 苹果树的花 2 [U] the mass of such flowers on a single
plant, tree, or bush 花丛，花簇，花团：a tree covered in blos-
som 开满花的树 | pear trees in blossom (=blossoming) 正在
开花的梨树| cherry blossom 樱桃花
blossom2v[I] 1 (of a plant, especially a tree or bush that pro. 
duces fruit) to produce flowers〔尤指结果实的树或灌木〕开花
The apple trees are blossoming. 苹果树正在开花。2 [(OUT)
to develop in a pleasing or favourable way 发展，成长，繁荣. 
兴旺：a blossoming friendship 发展中的友谊 | Jane is blos
soming (out) into a beautiful girl. 简出落成一个漂亮的女孩。
He used to be very quiet, but he's really blossomed out (=become
cheerful and wanting to talk) since he came to live here. 他从
前沉默寡言，但是自从来这里住以后他就变得活泼开朗了。一
compare 比较 BLOOM2
blot1 /blat; blot/ n [(on)] 1 a spot or mark, especially of ink
that spoils or makes dirty〔尤指墨水的)污点，污渍：a blot of ink
on the paper 纸上一处墨水渍 | (fig. 喻) That hideous build-
ing is a real blot on the landscape. (=it spoils the
surroundings)那幢难看的大楼实在是煞风景[破坏了周围的景
致]。2 a fault or shameful action, especially by someone usu-
ally of good character 〔尤指品行良好者的〕污点，瑕疵，缺点：a
blot on one's character 一个人品行上的污点 3 blot on one's
escutcheon BrE lit or humor something shameful that spoils
one's good record【英，文或幽】名誉上的污点
blot2v-tt- [T] 1 to make blots on 〔用墨水等〕把·弄脏：污损：
She blotted the paper with ink spots. 她把纸弄脏了，在上面弄
了很多墨水渍。2 to dry with blotting paper 用吸墨纸吸干 3
blot one's copybook infml to spoil one's good record【非正
式】玷污自己的好名声：She had a clean driving licence until
she blotted her copybook by speeding. 她的驾驶执照上原没有
任何违章记载，直到这次她超速行车才玷污了自己的良好记录。
blot sthg.  out phr v [T] to make (something) difficult or
impossible to see; cover; hide 把··遮住，遮盖，涂去；遮掉；掩
藏：The mist blotted out the sun. 薄霭遮住了阳光。
blotch /blatf; blotf/ n a large irregular spot or mark on the
skin, one's clothes etc〔皮肤上大的〕斑：疤：疙瘩：〔衣服等上的]
大片污渍； a blotch of ink on my dress 我衣服上的一大块墨水
渍 — ~y adj: blotchy skin 满是点的皮肤
blot. ter /`blate; 'blote/ n 1 a large piece of blotting paper
against which writing paper can be pressed to dry the ink吸墨
纸 2 AmE a book where records are written every day, before
the information is stored elsewhere【美】临时记录簿，记事本
(often in the phrase 常用于短语 police blotter 警察临时记事
本)
blotting pa. per /'··/ n [U] special thick soft paper used to
dry wet ink on paper after writing 吸墨纸
blot to /`blato; 'bloteu/ adj [F] BrE slang extremely drunk【英
俚】烂醉的
blouse /blaus; 'blauz/ n blouses /`blauziz; 'blauzz/ a garment
for women, similar to a shirt, reaching from the neck to the
waist or below 女式宽松短衫，女衬衫：She was wearing a black
skirt and a white blouse. 她穿了一条黑裙子和一件白衬衫。
blou. son /`bluzan; 'blu:zDn/ adj a blouson JACKET or dress is
pulled in fairly tightly around the waist with ELASTIC, and has
a lot of loose cloth above the waist 〔短上衣或连衣裙〕腰部有松
紧带而上身宽松的
*blow1/blo; bleo/ v blew /blu; blu:/, blown /blon; bleon/ 1 [I]
to send out a strong current of air 〔风〕吹，刮；吹气；喷气：The
wind is blowing hard tonight. 今晚风很大。| She blew on her
coffee to cool it down. 她把咖啡吹凉。 2 [I+adv/prep;
T+obj-ady/prep] to move by the force of a current of air_吹动;
刮走； The wind blew my hat off. 风把我的帽子刮走了。| flags
blowing in the wind 迎风飘扬的旗帜 | I shut the window to
stop my papers blowing about. 我关上窗户免得把纸吹得到处
都是。| I blew the dust off the book. 我吹掉书上的灰尘。LA
sudden draught blew the door shut. 一阵突如其来的穿堂风把
门吹得关上了。| The force of the explosion blew the car into
the air. 爆炸的气浪把汽车掀起飞到空中。| Several trees were
blown down in the storm. 在暴风雨中一些树被刮倒了。3 [I; T]
to (cause to) sound by blowing 吹奏；（使）鸣响； to blow a trum-
pet 吹号[喇叭] | The horn blew loudly. 汽车喇叭大声响着。
4 [T] to make or give shape to (glass) by blowing 吹制〔玻璃)
to blow glass 吹制玻璃器皿 | He blew a beautiful glass animal. 
他吹制出一个漂亮的玻璃（玩具）动物。5 [I;T] a (of an electri-
cal FUSE) to suddenly stop working because a part has melted
(保险丝)烧断：The iron's not working - the fuse must have
blown. 熨斗出毛病了，一定是保险丝断了。b to cause (a fuse)
to do this 使〔保险丝〕烧断 6 [T] slang to lose (a favourable
chance) as the result of foolishness; BUNGLE【俚】失掉，断送（良
机)：搞砸，做坏：We've blown our chances of getting the
contract. 我们失去了得到那份合同的良机。| I've blown it! 我
把事情搞糟了。7 [T (on)] slang to spend (money) freely or
wastefully【俚】乱花（钱） ：They blew about ￡5000 on a holiday. 
他们一个假日就花掉了5000英镑。8 [I] slang to leave suddenly
and quickly【俚】突然而匆忙地离去：Let's blow before they
catch us! 赶快走吧，免得让他们捉住我们。9 [T] BrE euph slang
for【英，婉，俚】= DAMN: Blow it! I've missed my train. 糟糕
我没赶上火车！ | Well, I'll be blowed! He's won again! 咳，真
没想到！他又赢了！|Well, blow me (down)! 唉，真是的！ 10 blow
hot and cold (about) infml to be changeable in your opinions. 
especially by seeming sometimes interested and at other times
not interested in a plan【非正式】（对·）反复无常，摇摆不定，打
不定主意 11 blow your lines to make a mistake when speak-
ing in a play 〔演员〕念错台词 12 blow your nose to clean the
nose by forcing a sudden current of air through it into a hand-
kerchief 擤鼻子 13 blow your own trumpet/horn infml, usu-
ally derog to praise oneself【非正式，一般贬】自吹自擂，自夸：
She's very good at blowing her own trumpet. 她很善于自吹自
擂。14 blow your top/stack slang to explode with anger, lose
your temper【俚】发脾气，大发雷霆 15 blow someone a kiss to
kiss your hand and then wave or blow over it towards the per-
son you would like to receive the kiss 向··飞吻 16 blow
someone's brains out infml to kill someone by a shot through
the head【非正式】〔以枪弹射入头部〕枪杀某人17 blow someone's
mind slang to fill someone with wonder; AMAZE【俚】使惊奇，
使吃惊 — see also 另见 MIND-BLOWING 18 blow something
sky-high to destroy something completely with an explosion
把··炸得粉碎；彻底摧毁：(fig,喻) The new evidence blew the
suspect's alibi sky-high. 新的证据彻底粉碎了那个嫌疑犯说自
己不在场的申辩。19 blow the gaff BrE old-fash to let some-
thing secret become known【英，过时】泄露秘密，告密 20 blow
the whistle on slang to cause something undesirable to stop. 
especially by bringing it to the attention of the public【俚】〔尤
指向公众揭露以〕制止〔坏事)；揭发：It's about time someone
blew the whistle on his dishonest practices. 是该有人出来公
开揭露他的欺诈行为的时候了。21 blow town AmE slang to
leave a town suddenly【美俚】突然离开城镇 22 There she
blows! (supposed to be said on a WHALE-hunting ship by the
first person who sees a WHALE)它〔鲸鱼〕喷水了！〔据认为是捕
鲸船上首先看见鲸鱼者说的话〕
blow sbdy. away phr v [T] AmE slang to kill by shooting
with a gun【美俚】枪杀某人
blow in phr v [I] 1 infml to arrive, often unexpectedly【非正
式】〔常指意外地)到来，来访：Jim has just blown in: we weren't
expecting him until Tuesday. 吉姆突然来了,我们原预料他星
期二才到。2 tech (of an oil well) to start producing【术语】〔油
井〕开始出油
blow off phr v [T (blow sthg. /sbdy. off) AmE slang to treat
something or someone as unimportant; to not pay attention to
【美俚】视〔某事或某人)不重要，不重视，不理会：He blew off his
tests without a thought for the future. 他对考试掉以轻心，根本
不为将来着想。| Mom wanted me to stay in and study but I
blew her off. 妈妈要我在家学习，可我没理会她。
blow out phr v 1 [I; T (=blow sthg.  out)] to (cause to)
stop burning by blowing 吹灭；熄灭：I blew the candle out. 我
吹灭了蜡烛。2 [I](especially of a TYRE) to burst 〔尤指车胎〕破
裂：爆裂：The tyre blew out as I was driving to work. 在我开车
上班的路上，汽车轮胎爆裂了。 — see also 另见 BLOWOUT
blow over phr v [I] 1 (of bad weather) to stop blowing; come
to an end 〔暴风雨等)停止，平息；过去了：The storm has blowr
over. 暴风雨已经停了。2 to be forgotten or no longer seem
important 被遗忘；（重要性） 消失：It caused quite a scandal at
the time, but the whole thing blew over in a few weeks. 那时
候这成了轰动一时的丑闻，但是事隔几周，整个事情就被遗忘了。
blow up phr v 1 [I; T (=blow sthg. up)] to (cause to)
explode or be destroyed by exploding(使)爆炸，（使）炸得粉碎
to blow up a bridge 炸毁一座桥梁 | The plane blew up in
midair. 那架飞机在半空中爆炸了。|(fig. 喻)Her father blew
up (=was very angry) when she came home at 3 o'clock in the
morning. 她在凌晨3点钟才回家，她父亲气得大发雷霆。2JI;T
(=blow sthg.  up)] to (cause to) become firm by filling with
air 给··充气，打气：We've got a rubber boat that blows up. 我
们有一条可充气的橡皮艇。| Be sure to blow up the tyres be-
fore you set off. 务必把轮胎打足气才出发。3 [T] (blow sthg
up) to make (a photograph) larger 放大〔照片〕4 [T](blow
sthg. up) to cause (something) to appear more serious or
important than it really is; EXAGGERATE 夸大：It was just a
minor disagreement but it was blown up out of all propor-
tion by the media. 这本来只是一场小争论，但竟被新闻媒介夸
0169
大到很不像样的地步。5 [I] (of bad weather) to begin to de-
velop or arrive 〔恶劣天气)来临：There's a storm blowing up
暴风雨要来了。|(fig. 喻) Our old argument has blown up
again. 我们之间过去那场争论现在又要开始了。 — see also另
见BLOW-UP
*blow2n 1 [C] an act or example of blowing 一吹； 擤鼻：Give
your nose a good blow. 好好擤擤你的鼻子。2 [S] infml a strong
wind or windy storm【非正式】强风，风暴
*blow3n 1 a hard stroke with the open or closed hand or with a
weapon 重击：a blow on the head 在头上的一记重击 | The
children came to blows with each other. (=started fighting
孩子们互相殴打起来。| (fig. 喻) They struck a blow for free-
dom by assassinating the colonial governor. 为了争得自由，
他们暗杀了那个殖民地总督。2 [(to)] (an action or event that
has) a bad effect on your confidence, hopes, likelihood of SUC-
CESS etc〔对信心、希望、成功的可能性等的〕打击：Being beaten
by a younger man came as/was a big blow to his pride. 败在
一个黄毛小伙子手下，他的自尊心受到一次极大的打击。| The
sudden rise in oil prices has dealt a (serious) blow to the
company's chances of recovery. 石油价格的突然上涨（沉重地）
打击了这家公司复兴业务的可能性。3 a shock or misfortune 突
然的打击；不幸：It was a great blow to her when her mother
died. 她母亲的去世对她是一大打击。 — see also 另见 BODY
BLOW,DEATHBLOW
blow-by-blow /'/ adj [A] with full details; describing all
the events in the order in which they happened 〔叙述〕极其详
尽的：I want a blow-by-blow account of the match/the
meetings. 我要一份对这场比赛[这次会议]的详细报道。
blow-dry /'· ·/ y [T] to dry and usually give a shape to (hair)〔用
吹风机〕吹干〔头发)：把〔头发〕吹出发型 - blow-dry n; a cut
and blow-dry 剪发并吹风 -- blow-dryer n: My blow-dryer
broke, I need a new one. 我的吹风机坏了，我要一个新的。
blow·er /^`blo: 'bleue/ n 1 [C] a machine that blows 吹风[鼓
风] 机：to use a snow blower to clear snow from the roads 用
吹雪机清除道路上的积雪 2 [the] BrE slang the telephone【英
俚】电话：Get on the blower to him at once!马上打电话给他
 — see also 另见 GLASSBLOWER
blow·fly /`blo, flar; 'bleuflai/n a fly that lays its eggs especially
on meat or in wounds〔尤指产卵于腐肉、创口的〕丽蝇，绿头苍
蝇
blow-hard /`blo hard: 'blauha:d/ n AmE infml someone who
has too high an opinion of himself/herself; BRAGGART【美，非
正式】自吹自擂者
blow-hole /`blo hol; 'bleuheul/ n 1 a hole in the surface of ice
to which water animals (such as SEALS) come to breathe 〔海豹
等动物游去呼吸的结冰水面上的〕冰孔 2 a NOSTRIL in the top
of the head of a WHALE 鲸鱼的喷水孔
blow job /'· ·/ n taboo slang for【讳，俚】= FELLATIC
blow·lamp /`blolaemp; 'bleulaemp/ especially BrE【尤英】|
blow·torch /- tortf; -to:tf/ especially AmE【尤美】-- n a lamp
or gas-pipe from which a mixture of gas and air is blown out
under pressure so as to give a small very hot flame used espe
cially for burning off paint 喷灯；焊灯
blown /blon; bleun/ past participle of BLOW
blow·out /`blo aut; 'bleuaut/ n 1 a sudden bursting of a TYRE
(车辆的)轮胎爆裂：We had a blowout and crashed the car. 我
们的汽车爆胎，结果车子撞坏了。2 slang a very big meal【俚】
美餐；盛宴 — see also 另见 BLOW' out
blow. pipe /`blo,paip; 'bleupaip/ also 又作 blow·gun /-gvn;
-gan/-n a tube for blowing small stones, poisoned ARROWS
or DARTs, used as a weapon〔土人作为武器用的〕吹箭筒，吹矢
枪
blow-torch /'/ n especially AmE a blow-lamp【尤美】喷灯
blow-up /'/ n 1 [(of)] a photographic ENLARGEMENT 放大的
照片：Look at this blow-up of the child's face. 看看这张放大
照片里那小孩的脸。2 a sudden moment of anger 突然一阵发怒
-see also另见BLOW up
blow·y /`blor; 'bleui/ adj infml windy【非正式】刮风的，风大的：
a blowy day 刮风的日子
blow·zy, blowsy /`blauzr; 'blauzi/ adj (of a woman) fat, dirty
red-faced, and untidily dressed〔妇女〕面红体胖而又穿着邋遢的
BLT /，bi l `ti;, bi: el 'ti:/ n a SANDWICH made of BACON, LETTUCE
and TOMATO 熏肉、生菜、番茄三明治
blub. ber1 /`blvba; 'blabe/ n [U] the fat of sea animals, espe
cially WHALES, from which oil is obtained 海兽脂肪〔尤指鲸
脂〕
blubber2v old-fash, usually derog【过时，一般贬】1 [I] to WEEF
(=cry tears) noisily 号哭：I wish you'd stop blubbering! I can't
hear what you're saying. 我希望你别再哇哇地哭个不停！我根
本听不清楚你在说些什么。2 [T(OUT)] to say while crying in
this way 边哭边说；哭诉：He blubbered out a pathetic apology
他边哭边表示歉意，样子怪可怜的
bludge /blad3; blad3/ v [I; T] AustrE, NZE slang to get some-
thing without working or paying for it; SCROUNGE【澳，新西
兰，俚】乞讨，（向人）索取 - bludger n
blud·geon' /'blad3en; 'blvd3an/ n a heavy-headed stick used
as a weapon〔作武器用的〕大头棒
bludgeon2v [T] to hit (someone) repeatedly with something
heavy 用重物接连重击〔某人)：They bludgeoned him to death. 
他们用重棒把他痛打致死
bludgeon sbdy. into sthg. phr v [T] to force (someone) to do
(something) by threats or repeated arguments 强迫[威胁]〔某
人)做〔某事)； They bludgeoned him into submission/into let-
ting them borrow the car. 他们威胁他屈服；他们强迫他把汽车
借给他们。
*blue1 /blu; blu:/ adj 1 of the colour of the clear sky or of the
deep sea on a fine day 蓝色的，蔚蓝 （色） 的，青色的：She wore
a dark blue dress. 她穿了一条深蓝色的连衣裙。| He painted
the door blue. 他把门漆成蓝色。| an ambulance with its blue
lights flashing 一辆闪着蓝色灯光的救护车 | Your hands are
blue with cold,你的双手冻得发紫了。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 When someone in the US
or the UK has a baby boy, people often buy him clothes,
cards etc made in a pale blue colour called BABY BLUE
When someone has a baby girl, people often buy her things
that are pale pink. 在英国或美国，如果生了个男孩，人们常
会给他买淡蓝色的衣服、贺卡等物,这种颜色被称为“婴儿
蓝”。如果生了个女孩，人们常给她买淡粉红色的东西。-see
Cultural Note at 参见 PINK 文化注释
2 [F] infml sad and without hope; DEPRESSED【非正式】忧郁
的，沮丧的，悲观的：I'm feeling rather blue today,我今天心情
不好。3 infml concerned with sex; rather improper; RISQUE
【非正式】下流的，淫猥的，有伤风化的：Some of her jokes were
a bit blue. 她的某些笑话有点下流。 — see also 另见BLUE FILM
4 till you are blue in the face unsuccessfully for ever 直到脸
色发青，永不会成功：You can call that dog till you're blue in
the face but he'll never come. 不管你怎么叫唤那条狗，它也不
会过来的。 — ~ness n [U] - see Feature on page B3 参见 B3
页文化特写
*blue2n 1 [C; U] the colour that is blue 蓝色：dressed in blue穿
着蓝色衣服 | A light blue would be a nice colour for the
curtains. 窗帘（布）用淡蓝色一定很好看。| The room was
painted in various shades of blue. 那房间是用深浅不一的蓝色
粉刷的。2 [C] BrE (usually cap. 一般用大写) (a title given to)
a person who has represented Oxford or Cambridge Univer-
sity in a sport【英】“蓝色选手”，校队选手〔给予曾代表牛津或剑
桥大学运动队队员的一种荣誉)：He's a rugger Blue. 他是橄榄
球队的“蓝色选手”。3 [C]AustrE slang a fight【澳俚】打斗 4 AmE
(usually cap. 一般用大写) (a member of) the army in the US
Civil War which fought for the US to remain whole and against
slavery (the UNION army)【美】〔美国南北战争中的)北军，北军
士兵：The Blue and the Gray 北军和南军 — see also 另见 GRAY
5 out of the blue unexpectedly 意外地；突如其来地：John ar-
rived completely out of the blue. 约翰突然来了。 — see also 另
见 BLACK AND BLUE, BLUES, NAVY BLUE, PRUSSIAN BLUE
ROYAL BLUE, SKY-BLUE, TRUE-BLUE, bolt from the blue (BOLT'
(6))
Blue, Rab-bi Li. o. nel /raebai `laienl; 'raebai 'laienal/(1930-)
a Jewish religious leader in the UK, known for telling humor-
ous stories on the radio 布卢〔(1930- )，英国犹太教领袖，以在
广播中讲述幽默故事而闻名〕
blue ba-by /'/ n a baby whose skin is slightly blue when it is
born because there is something wrong with its heart〔心脏有
先天性缺陷、皮肤发青的〕青紫婴儿
Blue·beard /`blubied: 'blu:bied/ an evil character in old Euro-
pean stories who got married many times, and each time killed
his wife 蓝胡子〔欧洲传说中一个连续娶妻杀妻的邪恶人物
blue·bell /blu bel; 'blu:bel/ n a blue bell-shaped flower, espe
cially the wild HYACINTH 蓝色风铃花〔尤指野生风信子〕
blue. ber. ry /`blu,berr; 'blu:bari/ n (the blue-black fruit of) a
low bushy plant growing in N America(北美洲产的)紫浆果，
蓝莓浆果；乌饭树，蓝莓 — compare 比较 BILBERRY
blue. bird /`blu,b3d; 'blu:b3:d/ n a small blue singing bird of N
America〔北美的〕蓝色知更鸟，蓝鸫
Blue Birds /'/ n [P] an organization in the US for young girls
who meet to play games and learn practical skills, and who
also go camping together. When they are older they can join a
related organization called CAMP FIRE. 蓝鸟少女团〔美国的一
0170
个少女组织，其成员在一起玩游戏、学习实用技能，并且一起去露
营，长大之后可加入一个叫做营火团的相关组织〕
blue-black /·/ adj very dark blue 深蓝色的
blue blood // n [U] the quality of being a nobleman or noble. 
woman by birth 贵族血统，名门出身，高贵门第：Members of
noble families are said to have blue blood in their veins. 据说
出身贵族的人血管中流着蓝色的血。- blue-blooded /··√ adj
blue book /'/ n 1 an official report printed by the British
Government, usually the report of a committee 蓝皮书〔由英国
政府印行，通常为某个委员会的官方报告〕- compare比较
GREEN PAPER, WHITE PAPER 2 a book of paper with a blue
cover which is used in American colleges for writing answers
to examination questions〔美国大学生笔试用的〕蓝皮簿
blue. bot. tle /`blu batl; 'blu: botl/ n a large blue fly; the meat
fly or BLOWFLY 反吐丽蝇，肉蝇，青蝇
blue cheese // n [C; U] (a) cheese marked with blue lines
of decay〔带有蓝色霉菌条纹的〕蓝奶酪
blue chip // n, adj (an industrial share) that is expensive and
in which people have confidence 热门股票（的），蓝筹股（的）：
We only deal with blue chip companies. 我们只跟蓝筹股公司
做生意
blue-col-lar /·/ adj [A] of or concerning workers who do
hard or dirty work with their hands 蓝领阶级的，体力劳动者的
blue-collar workers 蓝领工人| a blue-collar union 蓝领工人
的工会 — compare 比较 PINK-COLLAR,WHITE-COLLAR
Blue Cross // an American medical insurance company 
十字会〔美国一家医疗保险公司〕
Blue Dan. ube, The // the title of an extremely popular
WALTZ(=a type of music for dancing to), written by Johann
STRAUSS IN 1866《蓝色多瑙河》〔小约翰·施特劳斯于1866年创
作的一首极受人喜爱的华尔兹舞曲〕
blue-eyed boy /. ·'/ n infml, especially BrE, usually derog
someone's favourite(male)person【非正式，尤英，一般贬】（男）
宠儿，红人：Smith is the boss's blue-eyed boy at the moment
史密斯目前是老板的宠儿。
blue film / '/ also 又作 blue movie - n a film about sex; a
pornographic film(PORNOGRAPHY)色情电影 — see also另见
BLUE1(3)
blue. fish /`blu fif; 'blu: fif/ n bluefish a sea fish with a bluish
colour which is caught for sport and food off the coast of N
America 青鱼，鲑鱼
blue. grass /`blu graes; 'blu:gra:s/ n [U] 1 a kind of lively mu
sic from the Southern US, played on instruments with strings
such as the GUITAR, VIOLIN, and BANJO, and usually without
an AMPLIFIER to make it louder 蓝草乡村音乐〔美国乡村音乐
起源于南方，通常用吉他、小提琴或班卓琴演奏，不用扩音器〕：a
bluegrass band/concert 蓝草乡村乐队[音乐会] 2 a type of grass
found in N America, especially in Kentucky, which is known
as ‘the Bluegrass State’六月禾〔一种禾本科植物，生长在北美，
尤其在肯塔基州，因而该州又称“六月禾州”〕
blue gum /'/ n an Australian tree of the EUCALYPTUS family
〔产于澳洲的〕蓝桉树
blue jay /' / n a common N American bird with a blue back
and a growth of big blue feathers on its head〔产于北美的〕蓝背
樫鸟
blue jeans /'·/ n [P] AmE for【美】=JEANS
blue law /' ·/ n AmE infml a law to control sexual morals, the
drinking of alcohol, working on Sundays etc【美，非正式】〔管
理性道德、喝酒、星期日工作等的〕清教徒法规，蓝色法规
blue moon //once in a blue moon infml not very often【非
正式】偶尔，难得一次：We only clean the car once in a blue
moon. 我们隔很久才洗一次汽车
blue mo·vie /， ·/ n AmE for【美】= BLUE FILM
blue mur-der / ·/ n scream/shout blue murder infml to
complain very loudly【非正式】大声抱怨，高声叫嚷，大叫救命：
When the doctor stuck the needle into her arm, the child
screamed blue murder. 医生把针扎进小孩的胳膊时，她大叫起
来。
Blue Nile, the // one of the two rivers that form the River
Nile. It starts in Ethiopia in E Africa, and flows north to
Khartoum in the Sudan, where it joins the White Nile. 青尼罗
河〔汇合成尼罗河主流的两大河流之一，发源于东非的埃塞俄比
亚，向北流经苏丹，在喀土穆同白尼罗河汇合〕
blue-pen. cil /·/v [T] infml old-fash to cross out anything
offensive from (a piece of writing); CENSOR2【非正式，过时】删
除（文字中）不雅的话：〔检查官)删改：to blue-pencil (the dirty
words in) a play 删除剧本（中的猥亵字句）
blue pe·ter / ·/ n [(the+) S] (sometimes cap. 有时用大写) a
blue flag with a white square in the middle, flown on a ship to
show it is ready to leave port 启航旗〔船上悬挂的信号旗，蓝底. 
中间有白色方块，表示准备开航〕
Blue Pe. ter / '·/ a children's programme that has been or
British television since the late 1950s. It is known for encour-
aging children to collect money or things for people who are
poor or sick, and for showing them how to do and make useful
things. The well-known phrase 'Here's one I made earlier'
comes from the part of the programme which shows children
how to make toys and presents out of old boxes, old newspa-
pers etc. 《开船旗》〔20世纪50年代末期在英国开播的儿童电视节
目，以鼓励孩子为穷人或病人筹集财物及教他们如何做有益的事，
制作有用的东西而闻名。该节目有一部分是教孩子如何利用旧盒
子、废报纸等制作玩具和礼物，“这个是我以前做的”是其中一句广
为人知的话〕
blue. print /`blu print; 'blu: print/ n a photographic copy of a
plan for making a machine or building a house or other struc-
ture 蓝图：the blueprints of a new engine 新发动机的设计蓝图
(fig. 喻) The report is a blueprint for the reform of the nation's
tax system. 该报告是一份关于国家税收制度改革的计划。
blue rib·bon / '·/ n AmE a small blue piece of cloth given as
first prize to the winner of a competition【美】蓝绶带〔指颁发给
竞赛优胜者作为一等奖标志的蓝色布片〕- blue-ribbon adj: a
blue-ribbon recipe (=a prize-winning or very good recipe)获
奖的[一流的]食谱
Blue Ridge Moun·tains, the /···/ also 又作 the Blue Ridge
the part of the APPALACHIANS (=a group of mountains in the
eastern US) that goes from southern Pennsylvania to northern
Georgia. When people in the US talk about the Appalachians,
they usually mean just the part that is the Blue Ridge Mountains. 
蓝岭山脉〔美国阿巴拉契亚山脉的一部分，从宾夕法尼亚南部延伸
至佐治亚州的北部，美国人说起阿巴拉契亚山脉的时候通常指的就
是蓝岭山脉这一段〕
blue rinse //n a slight blue colouring of the hair, thought
typical of old CONSERVATIVE'(1) ladies青黑色染发剂〔青黑色
头发被认为是过去保守妇女的特征〕- blue-rinsed adj: the
blue-rinsed hordes who form the backbone of Tory support
构成保守党支持者中坚力量的黑发帮
blues /bluz; blu:z/ n blues 1 [C; the+sing. /pl. v] (a song in) a
slow, sad style of music originally from the southern US布鲁
斯音乐[歌曲]〔起源于美国南方的一种缓慢、忧郁的乐曲〕：The
blues was/were first performed by the black people of New
Orleans. 布鲁斯音乐最先是由新奥尔良的黑人演奏的。| a well
known blues singer 著名的布鲁斯音乐歌手 | Play us a blues. 
为我们演奏一首布鲁斯乐曲吧！ — see also 另见 RHYTHM AND
BLUES 2 [the] infml the state of being sad; a feeling of deep
unhappiness【非正式】忧郁，沮丧：a sudden attack of the blues
忽然涌上心头的忧郁感
Blues Broth·ers, The /'·/ a humorous US film with Dan
AYKROYD and John BELUSHI, about two musicians who wear
SUITs,hats, and SUNGLASSES《福禄双霸天》，又译《布鲁斯兄弟》
〔由丹·阿克洛伊德和约翰·贝鲁希主演的一部美国喜剧影片，讲述
两位穿西装、戴礼帽、架墨镜的音乐家〕
blue-sky /'/ adj blue-sky plans, tests etc do not have a defi-
nite practical purpose but are intended to test new ideas〔计划. 
测试等)纯理论的，不切实际的：a piece of blue-sky research -
项纯理论的研究项目
blue. stock·ing /blu,stakin; 'blu: stokin/ n derog old-fash a
woman who is thought to be too highly educated【贬，过时】
(被认为)有学者气派的女性，才女
bluff1 /blvf; blvf/ v 1 [I; T (into)] to try to frighten or persuade
(someone)by pretending to be stronger, cleverer, braver etc
than one actually is 虚张声势以恐吓，欺骗：The terrorists say
they'll blow up the plane if their demands are not met, bu
the police think they're only bluffing. 恐怖分子威胁说，如果
他们的要求得不到满足，他们就要炸毁飞机，但警方却认为他们只
不过是虚张声势进行恐吓罢了。| He bluffed the police into
thinking that his gun was loadea. 他虚张声势恐吓警方,使他
们误以为他的枪是上了膛的。2 bluff it out infml to escape
trouble by continuing a deception 继续蒙骗以脱离困境：George,
here comes my husband; do you think we can bluff it out?乔
治，我丈夫来了，你看我们有办法继续把他蒙骗过去吗？3bluff
one's way out (of) to get out of (a difficult situation) by bluff-
ing以欺骗的手段摆脱（困境）
bluff2n [S; U] the action of bluffing 虚张声势，装出吓唬人：She
threatened to sack me, but it's all (a) bluff. 她威胁说要解雇
我，但那不过是吓唬人而已。 — see also 另见 DOUBLE BLUFF. 
call someone's bluff (CALL1(15))
bluff3 adj (of a person or manner) rough, cheerful, and direct. 
perhaps without considering the feelings of others; HEARTY
〔人或其态度〕率直的，爽快的，粗率的：He has a kind heart in
spite of his bluff manner. 他待人粗率，可是心地很好。 — ~ly
0171
adv — ~ness n [U]
bluff'n a high steep bank or cliff(临河或海的)峭壁，悬崖；海角：
They sat on a bluff and watched the sea. 他们坐在陡峭的悬崖
上观看大海
blu·ish /^bluif; 'blu:if/ adj slightly blue 浅蓝色的；带青色的
Blume /blum; blu:m/, Ju·dy /`d3udi; 'd3u:di/ (1938-)a US
writer, whose novels for TEENAGERS(=young people aged be. 
tween 13 and 19) are very popular, because they deal with prob-
lems that often affect teenagers, such as DIVORCE or having
sex for the first time布鲁姆〔(1938-)，美国作家，所著的青少
年小说涉及离婚、首次性行为等对他们有影响的问题，因此极受欢
迎〕
blun. der1/`blando; 'blande/ n a stupid unnecessary mistake
愚蠢之错，疏忽：I made an awful blunder - switched off his
computer while he was working on it. 我犯了个愚蠢的错误
他正在电脑上工作时，我把电源给关了
blunder2y [I] 1 to make a blunder 犯愚蠢之错误；出漏子 2 [+ady/
prep] to move awkwardly or unsteadily, as if blind 瞎闯；跌跌
撞撞：He blundered through the dark forest. 他在黑暗的森林
中跌跌撞撞地前进。3 someone had blundered quote a phrase
from the poem The Charge of the Light Brigade by Tennyson
【引】有人铸错〔出自丁尼生诗作《轻骑旅的冲锋》〕 — see also另
见 CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE — ~er n
blun. der-buss /`blande bas; 'blandebvs/ n a type of gun used
in former times, which has a barrel with a wide mouth and
fires a quantity of small SHOT' (5) for a short distance 〔老式带
喇叭状枪口的〕短程霰弹枪
blunt1/blant; blant/ adj 1 (of a knife, pencil etc) not sharp〔刀
铅笔等〕钝的。不锋利的，不尖的：My pencil's blunt — can l
borrow your sharpener?我的铅笔钝了，能用用你的铅笔刀吗
2 speaking roughly and plainly, without trying to be polite or
o hide unpleasant facts〔说话〕不客气的，直言不讳的，粗鲁的
a blunt man 一个粗鲁的人 | To be quite blunt. I think the
government has made a complete mess of things. 坦率地说，
我认为政府把事情搞得一团糟。 — ~ly ady: To put it bluntly, I
think your chances of passing the exam are almost non-
existent. 不客气地讲，我认为你能通过这次考试的可能性几乎等
于零。 — ~ness n [U]
blunt2v [T] to make less sharp or forceful 把··弄钝；减弱：The
bad weather has rather blunted their enthusiasm for going
camping. 不作美的天公大大减弱了他们去露营的热情
Blunt, Anthony (1907-1983) a British man who was a well-
known PROFESSOR of the History of Art at the University of
London, and who was employed by the Queen to be in charge
of her art collection. In 1979 it was discovered that he had
been working as a SPY (=someone who secretly collects infor
mation for an enemy country) for the Russians, together with
three other men, Guy BURGESS, Donald MACLEAN, and Kim
PHILBY. 布伦特〔(1907-1983), 英国伦敦大学艺术史名教授, 女
王美术收藏品御用主管。1979年被揭露与其他三人盖伊·伯吉斯、
唐纳德·麦克莱恩以及金·菲尔比一起为前苏联当间谍〕
blur1 /bl3; bl3:/ n [S] something whose shape is not clearly
seen 模糊不清的事物，隐隐约约看不清的东西：The houses ap
peared as a blur in the mist, 房子在薄雾中隐隐约约看不清楚。
(fig. 喻) My memory of the accident is only a blur. 我对那次
事故的记忆已模糊
blur2v-rr- [T] 1 to make (something) difficult to see or see
through clearly 使模糊，使看不清楚：Tears blurred my eyes
泪水模糊了我的眼睛。| windows blurred with rain 被雨水弄
得模糊不清的窗子|a very blurred photograph 一张非常模糊
的照片2 to make less clear or noticeable使不起眼，使不清楚
The newspaper report deliberately blurs the distinction be-
tween the union's members and its leadership. 报纸上的报道
有意使工会普通成员与其领导之间的区别暧昧不明
Blur a British popular music group whose singer is Damor
Albarn, and whose music is an example of BRITPOP. Their songs
include Girls and Boys and Parklife. “模糊”乐队〔英国一流行
音乐组合，歌手是戴蒙·阿尔巴恩，其音乐属于典型的英式流行乐
风格，歌曲包括《女孩和男孩》和《园林生活》〕
blurb /bl3-b; bl3:b/ n 1 a short description of the contents of a
book, printed on the cover or in advertisements 书的内容提要
(印在书的护封或广告上)2 infml printed information, often in
ARGON, which is produced by officials to provide details of
something, especially for people who may not know much
about it【非正式】〔官方出具的〕书面介绍〔常用行话写成，尤其为
对此所知不多的人提供详细资料)：estate agents' blurb 房产商
的书面介绍| I can't be bothered to read all the blurb! 我可不
想费神把整篇介绍都看完
blurt /bl3t; bl3:t/ v
blurt sthg. out phr v [T] to say suddenly and without
thinking, especially from nervousness or excitement〔尤指因
紧张或激动而)不假思索地说出，脱口说出：Peter blurted out the
news. 彼得脱口说出了那个消息
blush1/blaf; blaf/ v [I] to become red in the face, from shame
or because people are looking at one〔因羞愧或受人注视而〕脸
红：He blushed (with embarrassment) when the girls whistled
at him in the street. 街上的女孩子向他吹口哨，他（窘迫地）脸
红起来。| It made me blush when the teacher told everyone
how good my work was. 老师对大家说我的功课做得多么好时，
我脸红了。| Here comes the blushing bride. 满脸羞红的新娘
来了。| (fig. 喻) When I see the prices that tourists are
charged, it makes me blush. (=I feel ashamed)看到游客被敲
竹杠，我感到惭愧。 — ~ingly adv
blush2n 1 a case of blushing 脸红，赧颜：His remark brought a
blush to my cheeks. 他的话使我的脸颊羞红了。| You shouldn't
say such nice things about me -spare my blushes! (=don't
make me blush)你不该说如此夸奖我的话，不要使我脸红嘛！
2 at first blush fml or lit at the first sight【正式或文】猛一看，
乍看时：It seemed a good idea at first blush, but its draw-
backs soon became apparent. 这个主意乍一看似乎很好，但很
快就暴露出它的缺点。
blush-er /`blafe; 'blvfe/ n [C; U] (a container of) a cream or
powder for colouring the cheeks 胭脂霜或粉（盒）
blus. ter' /'blaste; 'blaste/ v [I] 1 to speak loudly and roughly. 
in a noisy or BOASTFUL way 咆哮，叱喝，叫嚷 2 (of wind) to
blow roughly 〔风)狂吹 — ~er n
bluster2n[U]1 noisy or BOASTFUL talk 气势汹汹的话，恫吓之
词 2 the noise of rough wind or waves〔狂风恶浪的〕呼啸声
the bluster of the storm 暴风雨的怒吼声
blus. ter-y /`blasteri; 'blasteri/ adj (of weather) rough, windy. 
and violent〔天气〕恶劣的，狂风大作的：a blustery winter day
个狂风怒吼的冬日
blvd written abbrev. for 缩写= BOULEVARD
Bly. ton /`blaitn; 'blaitn/, E·nid /`inid; 'i:nd/ (1897-1978) an
English writer of books for children, who invented the charac-
ters NODDY, the FAMOUS FIVE, and the Secret Seven. Her books
are very popular with children, but they have sometimes been
criticized for showing women and girls in an old-fashioned
way, for being RACIST, and for using very simple language. 布
莱顿〔(1897-1978)，英国儿童读物作家，塑造了诺迪、五名人、秘
密七人组等人物。她的作品深受儿童喜爱，但有时因以过时的方式
来表现女性形象、带有种族歧视及语言过于浅易而受到批评〕
BM'/, bi`sm;bi: 'em/ abbrev. for 缩写= BRITISH MUSEUM
BM2n abbrev. for 缩写= Bachelor of Medicine; the lowest level
of medical degree. BM is sometimes written after someone's
name to show that they have this degree. 医学士〔医科学位最
低的一级，有时置于某人姓名后表示某人拥有该学位〕
BMA, the /bi sm`e; bi: em 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写= the British
Medical Association; an organization that represents medical
doctors in the UK. There is a similar organization in the US
called the A. M. A. 英国医学会〔在英国，作为医生代表的一个组
织。美国的一个类似组织称美国医学会)
BMJ, the /，bi sm `d3e; bi: em 'd3ei/ abbrev. for 缩写=the
British Medical Journal: a magazine for DOCTORS. NURSES, and
others in the medical profession《英国医学杂志》
BMOC /，bi sm o`si; bi: em eu 'si:/ n AmE【美】abbrev. for 缩写
= BIG MAN ON CAMPUS
B-mov·ie /'bi muvi; 'bi: mu:vi/ n a cheaply-made cinema film
of low quality〔廉价制作、质量不高的〕二流影片
BMW /，bi sm `dvbl ju; bi: em 'dvbalju:/ trademark a type of
high quality expensive German car, often driven by people who
want to show how successful they are. BMW also make very
powerful MOTORCYCLES. 【商标】宝马车〔一种优质昂贵的德国轿
车，常为想展露其成功的人士所驾驶，还有同一品牌马力强劲的摩
托车)
BMX / bi em `cks: bi: em 'eks/ trademark a type of bicycle
designed to be ridden over rough ground, with a strong frame
and small wide wheels. These bicycles are ridden especially
by children, who often perform tricks while riding them. 【商
标】越野自行车〔一种为崎岖地形所设计的自行车，车架结实，车轮
小而宽，尤为儿童所使用。他们在骑行时常作些特技动作〕-com-
pare 比较 MOUNTAIN BIKE
9. 
nai B'rith /be ne `bri0; be. nei 'bri0/ an international organi
zation of Jewish people that works to oppose ANTI-SEMITISM
(=unfair treatment of Jewish people or violence against them)
and that helps Jewish people all over the world 圣约之子会〔犹
太民族的一个国际性组织，旨在抵抗反犹太主义并且帮助全世界犹
太人〕
BO /，bi `o;, bi: 'eu/ n [U] abbrev. for 缩写= body odour; an
unpleasant smell that comes from someone's body, especially
0172
from under their arms, and is caused by SWEAT 体臭，狐臭
bo·a1 /`boe; 'beue/ also 又作 boa con·stric. tor /'··. ·/ -- n a
large non-poisonous South American snake, that kills animals
or people by crushing them 〔南美的无毒〕大蟒蛇
boa2 also 又作 feather boa-n a long snake-shaped garment
(a kind of STOLE) made of feathers, worn round a woman's
neck especially in former times〔尤指昔时一种长蛇形〕女用羽
毛围巾
Bo. a·di·ce. a /boedi`sie;beued'si:e/ — see 参见 BOUDICCA
boar /bor; bo:/ n 1 a male pig that is not castrated (CASTRATE)
and is kept for breeding 〔未阉过的〕公猪，种猪 — compare 比
较 HOG1(1, 2), SOW2 2 a WILD BOAR 公野猪
*board1 /bord; bo:d/ n 1 [C] a long thin flat piece of cut wood:
PLANK 长形木板 — see also 另见 FLOORBOARD 2 [C] (often in
comb. 常构成复合词) a flat piece of hard material used for a
particular purpose 〔特殊用途的)硬质板：Pin the list up on the
board. (=the NOTICE BOARD) 把这份名单钉在布告牌上。| Put
the bread on the board (=the BREADBOARD) before cutting it. 
面包要放在切板上切。| The teacher wrote a sum on the board
(=the BLACKBOARD or WHITEBOARD)老师在黑板[白板]上写
了一道算术题。| I want to play chess but I can't find the board
(=the CHESSBOARD)我想下棋，可是找不到棋盘。3[U](the cost
of) meals 膳食；膳食费：I pay ￡30 a week for board and lodg
ing/bed and board. 我每周付30英镑膳宿费。 — see also 另见
BED AND BOARD, HALF BOARD, FULL BOARD; compare 比较
LODGINGS 4 [C+sing. /pl. y] a an official body or group that
has responsibility for a particular organization or activity理事
会，委员会，董事会：〔官方的〕部，局：the school's board of gov-
ernors 学校的董事会 | a board of advisers/examiners 顾问
[考试]委员会 | the English Tourist Board 英国旅游局 b also
又作 board of directors - a committee of the directors of a
company, which is responsible for the management of the com-
pany 董事会； Mary is the only woman on the board (of
directors). 玛丽是董事会中惟一的女性。| The boar islare
meeting tomorrow. 董事会明天开会。| We'll need the approval
of the board before we can do that. 我们需要经董事会批准才
能办那件事。5 go by the board(of plans, arrangements etc) to
be no longer possible or practical〔计划、安排等〕落空，失败，被
弃：We had intended to get a new car, but that's gone by the
board now that I've lost my job. 我们原来打算买一辆新车，但
我失业了，这个计划也就告吹了。6 on board in or on (a ship or
public vehicle)在船上；在公共交通工具上：go/get on board the
train/the aircraft/the ship 上火车；上飞机；上船 | As soon as
I'm on board I always feel sick. 一上船，我总是想吐。- see
参见 BOAT(USAGE), PLANE(USAGE); compare 比较 ABOARD
7 take on board to fully understand or accept 完全理解；接受：
The management's offer shows that they have not really taken
on board the union's demands. 资方的提议说明他们根本就没
接受工会的要求。 — see also 另见 BOARDS. ABOVEBOARD, 
ACROSS-THE-BOARD. DRAWING BOARD, sweep the board
(SWEEP1)
board2v1 [T (OVER, UP)] to cover with boards 用木板铺[盖，
封]上：a boarded floor 已铺上木板的地 | Board the windows
up. 用木板把窗户封上。2 [T] to get into (a ship or public
vehicle); go on board 登上（船或公共交通工具）：The hijackers
boarded the plane at Heathrow Airport. 劫机者在希思罗机场
登机。3 [I+adv/prep; T] to get or supply meals and lodging
for payment 为··提供膳宿；寄宿，寄膳：She arranged to board
some students from the university. 她为那所大学的一些学生
提供膳宿。| I'm boarding with a friendlat a friend house. 我
在一个朋友家寄宿。
board sbdy. /sthg. out phr v [T] to arrange for (a person or
animal) to live and get food away from home 为〔人或动物)在
外面安排膳宿：We'll have to board the cat out while we're or
holiday. 在我们度假期间，要为猫在外面找个地方寄宿。
board. er /`borda; 'bo:de/ n 1 a pupil at a BOARDING SCHOOL
寄宿学校的〕寄宿生，住校生 2 a person who pays to live and
receive meals at another person's house; LODGER〔住在他人家
里的)寄宿者，寄膳宿者：to take in boarders 招收寄宿者[生] 3
(in old naval fighting) a man who jumps onto an enemy ship
(古时海战中)登上敌舰战斗的人：Stand by to repel boarders. 
准备战斗，击退登舰的敌人！
board game /'/n any game played on a specially made board
of wood, card, or stiff paper, e. g. CHESS, Monopoly etc 棋类游
戏
board·ing /`bordin; 'bo:din/ n [U] boards laid side by side 并排
的木板：The windows were covered with boarding. 窗户用一
排木板封住了。
boarding card /'. / n an official card to be given up when one
enters an aircraft 登机证
board-ing-house /bordin haus; 'bo:dinhaus/n -houses /- hauziz:
-hauzz/ a private lodging house, not a hotel, that supplies
meals供膳宿的私人住房[公寓]
boardinghouse reach /. ·/ n [U] AmE infml the practice of
reaching across the dinner table for what one wants, rather than
asking for it to be passed to one【美，非正式】伸手横过餐桌夹菜
[取东西]
boarding school /'· / n [C; U] a school at which pupils live
as well as study. Most British PUBLIC SCHOOLS are boarding
schools寄宿学校〔英国的大多数公学都是寄宿学校)：a small
country boarding school 一间不大的乡村寄宿学校 — compare
比较 DAY SCHOOL(1) and see Feature on page B9并见B9页文
化特写
Board of Ed·u. ca-tion /，. '/n in the US, a group of people
who are elected to make decisions about how schools and col-
leges are managed, and about how children are educated in a
particular COUNTY or state 地方教育委员会〔在美国，决定某县
或州的学校如何管理及儿童如何接受教育的一组人员，他们经推选
产生〕
board-room /`bord rum; 'bo:dru:m/ n a room in which the di-
rectors of a company hold meetings 董事会会议室：Nervous
muttering is being heard in boardrooms all over the country. 
全国各地董事会的会议室里都能听到人们在紧张地窃窃私语。-
see also 另见 BOARD'(4b)
boards /bordz; bo:dz/ n [P] the boards 1 in BASKETBALL, the
high board behind the basket, which the ball often hits against
if it does not go into the basket 〔篮球架的)篮板：Our team
played hard defense and did a good job on the boards. (=got
a lot of REBOUNDS)我队防守坚固，抢到了很多篮板球。2 in ICE
HOCKEY, the low wooden wall around the ICE RINK where the
teams play 〔冰球场四周的)护板 3 old-fash or humor the theatre
or the profession of being an actor in the theatre【过时或幽】剧
院；舞台表演
board·walk /`bord, wok; 'bo:dwo:k/ n a footpath often made of
boards, usually beside the sea〔常在海滨〕用木板铺成的小道
boast1 /bost; beust/ ν1 [I (about, of); T+that; obj] derog to
talk or state with unpleasant or unreasonable pride【贬】夸口，
夸耀，吹嘘：He's always boasting about his children/about
how clever his children are. 他总是夸耀他的孩子[他的孩子是
多么聪明]。| Don't believe her; she's just boasting. 别信她，
她只是在吹嘘罢了。| He boasted that he could speak six lan-
guages fluently. 他吹牛说他能流利地讲六种语言。2 [T not in
progressive forms 不用进行式] not derog (not of people) to
have or contain (something that is unusual or a cause of rea-
sonable pride)【非贬】〔事物〕以有·而自豪，很可夸耀地拥有：The
new computer boasts a number of ingenious features. 这种新
电脑具有不少值得一提的独特之处
boast2n 1 derog an act of boasting【贬】夸口，自夸，吹嘘 2 not
derog a cause for being proud【非贬】值得夸耀的理由； It is one
of their proudest boasts that they have halved the death rate
from typhoid. 他们使伤寒病者的死亡率降低了一半，这是他们最
感骄傲的事之
boast·er /`boste: 'beuste/ n derog someone who tends to boast
【贬】自夸者，自诩者
boast-ful /`bost fel; 'beustfal/ adj derog (of a person or their
words) full of self-praise【贬】〔人〕好自夸的；〔言辞〕自吹自擂的
 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
*boat1 /bot; beut/ n 1 (often in comb. 常构成复合词) a small
open vehicle for travelling across water 小船，小舟，小艇：
small fishing/sailing/rowing boat 小渔船[帆船；划艇]| a po-
lce Datrol boat警察巡逻艇| We'll cross the river by boatl in
a boat. 我们将乘小船渡河。| We had to take to the boats
(=get into the ship's lifeboats) because the ship was sinking
船在下沉，我们不得不乘船上的救生艇逃生。 — see also 另见
FLYING BOAT, NARROW BOAT 2 infml any ship【非正式】船：Are
you going to America by boat or by air?你到美国是乘船还是
乘飞机? 3 (usually in comb. 一般用于复合词) a boat-shaped
dish for serving liquid food at meals〔盛汤类食物的)船形器皿：
a sauceboat 盛调味汁的碟| a gravy boat 盛肉汁的碟 - see
also 另见 miss the boat (MISS'), push the boat out (PUSH'), 
rock the boat (ROCK'), in the same boat (SAME1)
□USAGE 用法说明 1 Boats are usually smaller than
ships but the word can be used informally of a large
passenger ship. 通常 boat 所指的船比 ship 要小些，但 boat
在非正式的用法中可以用来指大客轮：There were over 2000
passengers on the ship/boat. (轮船上有2000多名乘客。)2
When you are in control of a boat, you row a rowing boat. 
sail a sailing boat, and sail or pilot other kinds of boat
0173
When you direct the course of a boat you steer or pilot it
表示操纵一条船时，可说 row a rowing boat （用桨划船），sail
a sailing boat （驾驶帆船），其他种类的船可用 sail 或 pilot
(驾驶)。表示要引导船只按航线行驶时，可用steer 或pilot
(操纵，驾驶，掌舵)。As a passenger you travel by boat, or
on a particular boat. At the beginning of your journey you
get in(to) a very small boat but with a bigger boat you get
on(to) it, go on board or (fml) embark. At the end of your
journey you get out of a very small boat, but with a larger
boat you get off it or (fml) disembark. 作为乘客乘船时，
用 travel by boat, 如果指特定的某一条船，则用 travel on
表示上船，若是小船便说 get in(to) a boat, 若是乘大船就要
用 get on(to), go on board, 正式的说法则是 embark。表
示下船，若是小船便说 get out of, 若是大船就说 get off, 正
式的说法是 disembark。 — see also 另见 DRIVE' (USAGE). 
TRANSPORT (USAGE), VESSEL (USAGE)
boat2ν [I] to use a small boat for pleasure 乘[划]小船游玩
Let's go boating on the lake. 我们到湖上划船去吧。
boat·er /bote; 'beute/ n 1 a stiff hat made of STRAW. Boaters
are often thought of in connection with rich young men at uni-
versity in Britain in the early part of the 20th century. 硬草帽
〔人们通常把它和英国20世纪初期大学里年轻富有的男生联系在
一起)2 a person in a boat, especially a boat used for pleasure
乘船的人〔尤指游船乘客〕；划船的人〔尤指划船娱乐者)：boaters
enjoying the lake on a Sunday afternoon星期日下午坐船欣赏
湖面风光的人
boat hook /'/ n a long pole with an iron hook on the end, 
used to pull or push a small boat 〔一端有钩，用来钩住或推开小
船的〕钩篙
boat·house /`bot, haus; 'beuthaus/ n -houses /-hauziz; -hauzz
a small building by the water in which boats are kept 〔水边停
放船只的〕船库
boat·man /`botmen; 'beutmen/ n -men /-men; -men/ a mar
who has small boats for hire, or who rows or sails small boats
for pay 出租小船的船主；船夫；桨手
boat peo. ple /'·/ n [P] people who escape from bad condi-
tions in their country in small boats, hoping to find safety in
other countries. Since the late 1970s, many boat people have
left Vietnam in this way. 乘船出逃的难民，船民〔20世纪70年
代末期大批越南难民以这种方式出逃〕
Boat Race, the /'/ (in the UK) a rowing race on the River
Thames, held every year between teams from Oxford Univer-
sity and Cambridge University. The Boat Race is a popular
national event and is shown on television. 〔英国牛津和剑桥大
学一年一度在泰晤士河上举行的〕划船比赛〔该赛事是深受欢迎的
全国性活动，由电视直播〕
boat-swain, bosun /`bosn; 'beusan/ n a chief seaman on a ship. 
who calls the men to work and looks after the boats, ropes, and
other equipment 〔船上的〕水手长；掌帆长：Are we ready to sail, 
boatswain?水手长，我们准备好启航了吗？
boat train /'/ n a train that takes people to or from ships in
port〔与港口船只配合的〕联运火车
bob1 /bab; bob/ v -bb- 1 [I+adv/prep; T+obj+adv/prep] to
(cause to) move up or down quickly or repeatedly(使)上下快
速移动：The small boat was bobbing on the rough water of
the lake. 小船在波涛汹涌的湖面上不停地忽升忽降。| a little
bird bobbing its head up and down 一只不停地上下摆动着头
的小鸟2 [T](of a woman, especially in former times) to make
a CURTSY quickly〔尤指昔时女性)迅速地行屈膝礼 3 bob for
apples to try to pick up apples floating in water using only
your mouth and not your hands. It is done especially at
Hallowe'en parties for children. 咬苹果〔指试图不用手拾起而
是用口咬住漂浮在水上的苹果。这是儿童游戏，尤其在万圣节聚会
上玩〕- bob n
bob up phr v [I] to appear or reappear quickly or suddenly
〔迅速或突然地)呈现；再现：If you try to sink an apple in wa-
ter it keeps bobbing up to the surface. 假使你把苹果压在水
下，它会一次又一次地浮上水面。| I haven't seen him around
for a while, but I'm sure he'll bob up again soon. 我有好几天
没看见他了，不过我敢肯定他很快又会露面的。
bob2n bob infml old-fash a former British coin, the SHILLING
(=5p)【非正式，过时】〔昔时的英国硬币〕一先令〔即五便士)：It'll
cost you ten bob. 你得花十先令。
bob3 v-bb- [T] to cut (a woman's hair) so as to be hanging
loosely to shoulder-length or shorter把（妇女的）头发剪短〔至
肩或更短处)：to have one's hair bobbed 把头发剪短 - bob
n: to wear one's hair in a bob 留短发
Bob n BrE Bob's your uncle! say this after you have explained
how to do something, to show that it is very easy to do【英】没
问题，放心吧：You just put the video in here, press play, and
Bob's your uncle!你就把录像带放进去，按下“播放键”，没错的！
bob. bin /`babin; 'bobn/ n a small round stick or tube on which
thread is wound, as in a sewing machine 线轴，绕线筒 -- com-
pare 比较 REEL
Bob. bitt /`babit; 'bpbt/, Lo. re. na /le`rene; le'reine/ (1969-)
a US woman who became famous in 1993 for cutting off her
husband's PENIS. People now sometimes use the name Bobbitt
in jokes to mean the action of cutting off a man's penis. Her
husband, John Wayne Bobbitt, had an operation to have his
penis put back, and later became well known as an actor in
PORNOGRAPHIC films. 博比特〔(1969-)，美国一女子，1993年
因割下丈夫的阴茎而声名大噪，现在人们有时开玩笑时用博比特这
个名字表示割下男子的阴茎。其丈夫约翰·韦恩·博比特通过手术
重植了断下的阴茎，之后成为色情电影明星〕
bob. ble1 /`babl; 'bobal/ n BrE a small, often FLUFFY, ball (of
wool etc) used for decoration【英】〔用于装饰的〕小羊毛球，小
绒球：cushions with bobbles on them 带小绒球的座垫 | 
bobble hat (=with a bobble on its top)顶上饰有小绒球的帽子
bobble2v [T] AmE to drop or handle something awkwardly. 
especially a ball; FUMBLE (2)【美】〔尤指接球〕失误；弄糟：The
shortstop bobbled the ball and the runner ran home. 游击手
接球失误，跑垒者跑回本垒。
bob. by /`babi; 'bpbi/ n BrE infml, becoming rare a policeman
【英，非正式，渐罕】警察：The Council wants more bobbies on
the beat. 郡议会要求更多警察来巡逻
bobby pin /'. ·/ n AmE for【美】=HAIRGRIP
bobby socks, bobby sox /'·/ n [P] AmE girls' socks reach-
ing above the ankle and with the tops turned over. They were
fashionable in the 1950s, especially worn with SADDLE SHOE
and wide full skirts. 【美】女孩穿的短袜〔流行于20世纪50年代，
尤其与凉鞋和多褶的宽松裙子配穿〕
bobby sox·er /`babi saksa; 'bobi sokse'/ n AmE old-fash a
young girl between the ages of about 13 and 18， especially
during the 1950s【美，过时】〔尤指20世纪50年代13至18岁
的〕少女
bob. cat /babkaet; 'bobkaet/ n a wild cat of N America 红猫，短
尾猫〔一种北美野猫〕
bobs /babz; bobz/ n — see 参见 bits and bobs (BIT1)
bob·sleigh /`bab sle; 'bobslei/ also 又作 bob·sled /- slad; -sled/
- n a small vehicle that runs over snow on metal blades, built
for racing down an ice-covered track and having a movable
front part to control direction 雪橇〔一种供比赛用的雪上小型
车辆，可在结满冰的赛道上高速下滑，前端有可控制方向的活动装
置〕- bobsleigh ν[I]
bob. tail /`bab tel; 'bobteil/ n (a horse or dog with) a tail cut
short 截短了的尾巴；截短尾巴的马或狗 — ~ed adj
Boc. cac. ci·o /bo`katfio; bo'ka:tfieu/, Gio. van. ni /deu`vani;
d3eu'va:ni/(1313-1375) an Italian writer whose book of stor-
ies called The DECAMERON had an important influence on Eu-
ropean literature 薄伽丘〔(1313-1375)，意大利作家，所著的故
事集《十日谈》对欧洲文学产生重大影响〕
Bo. chco /`batfo; 'botfeu/, Steven (1943- ) a US television
writer and PRODUCER (=someone who controls the making of
films or television programmes) who made the popular
programmes LA Law, NYPD Blue, Hill St Blues, and Murder
One博乔〔(1943-)，美国电视剧作家和制片人，曾制作过《律政
风云》、《纽约重案组》、《山街蓝调》和《一级谋杀》等受欢迎的节
目〕
Boche, the /baf; bof/ BrE infml a name used for German sol-
diers during World War I and World War II【英，非正式】德国
佬〔指第一次世界大战及第二次世界大战中的德国士兵
bod /bad; bod/ n 1 BrE infml a person【英，非正式】人：He's a
bit of an odd bod. 他这人有点古怪。2 AmE infml a person's
body【美，非正式】〔人的〕身体：He has a great bod! 他的身体
很壮实！
bode1 /bod; beud/ v bode well/ill (for) especially lit to be a
good/bad sign for the future (for)【尤文】预示·的吉[凶]：These
early sales figures bode well for the success of the book. 本书
的初步销售数字预示着它的销路会很好。
bode2 past tense of BIDE
bo. de. ga /bo`dege; beu'di:ge/ n AmE a small food store in a
city neighbourhood, operated by Spanish-speaking people【美】
〔城市住宅区里由操西班牙语者经营的〕小食品店
bodge /bad3; bod3/ bodge up BrE n [S] infml a mistake or
something that is much worse than it should be【英，非正式】差
错；比预想的要糟得多的东西：The builders have made a com-
plete bodge up of the kitchen. 建筑工人把厨房盖得一团糟。
bod-ice /`badis; 'bods/ n 1 the part of a woman's dress above
0174
the waist 女服腰以上的部分 2 old use a woman's undergarment;
CORSET【旧】妇女紧身胸衣
bodice-rip. per /'·. ·/ n usually derog a book with a romantic
story usually set in the past, containing violent love scenes【-
般贬】〔通常以旧时为背景，内容有狂热性爱描写的〕浪漫小说
bod·i. ly'/`badli; 'bpdli/ adj [A] of the human body; PHYSICAL
人体的，肉体的；bodily comforts 肉体的享受| bodily functions
人体的功能 | The police charged him with grievous bodily
harm. 警方控告他犯有严重的人身伤害罪
bodily2 ady taking hold of the whole body (or whole thing)整
体地，全部地：Her son wouldn't move, so she picked him up
bodily and carried him to bed. 她的儿子不肯动, 于是她一把抱
起他来，送到床上去。
bod. kin /badkin; 'bodkn/ n a long thick needle without a point
(钝头)粗长针
Bod. lei. an Li. bra. ry, the /，badlien `laibreri; bodlien 'laibreri/
the university library of Oxford University, which holds many
of the country's oldest and most famous books and papers博
德利图书馆，牛津大学图书馆〔该馆藏有许多英国最古老、最著名
的书籍和手稿〕
bod. y /`badr; 'bodi/ n 1 [C] a the whole physical structure of a
person or animal as opposed to the mind or soul〔人或动物的〕
身体，躯体：Her body was covered from head to toe in painful
red spots. 她全身从头到脚长满了令她疼痛不堪的红斑点。| The
murderer buried the body of his victim. 凶手把受害者的尸体
埋了。b this without the head or limbs〔除头和肢体以外的〕躯
干部； He had a wound on his leg and two more on his body. 
他腿上有一处伤，身上另有两处伤。2 [the (of)] the main or larg-
est part of something 〔事物的〕主要[最大] 部分：We sat in the
body of the hall. 我们坐在会场的大厅中。| Should this infor
mation go in the main body of the text, or in the notes at the
end?这个资料是放在正文中，还是放在最后的注释部分？3[C
(of)] a large amount 大量：a body of information 大量的资料
The oceans are large bodies of water. 海洋乃是广阔的水域。
There is now a substantial body of opinion that opposes this
law. (=many people oppose it)现在有相当多的人反对这项新
法规。4 [C] (sometimes cap. 有时用大写) a number of people
who do something together in a planned way 团体，机构，群
体：The House of Representatives is an elected body/a legis-
lative body. 众议院是一个经选举组成的[立法]机构。| the gov-
erning body of the college 学院的行政管理部门| a fine body
of men 一批优秀人才 | They marched in a body/in one body
(=all together) to the headmaster's office. 他们全体朝着校长
的办公室走去。5 [C] tech an object; piece of matter【术语】物
体: the speea at whick a falling body travels落体坠落的速度
The sun, moon, and stars are heavenly bodies. 太阳、月亮和
星星都是天体。| a foreign body (=something that should not
be there) in one's eye 眼中的异物 6 [C] the frame and outer
covering of a car 汽车的外壳；车身：The factory produces car
bodies, but does not make the engines, 这家工厂生产汽车车
身，但不生产汽车引擎。7[U] a full strong quality 浓郁；醇厚：
丰满； I like a wine with plenty of body. 我喜欢味道醇厚的酒。|
This conditioner will give your hair more body. 这种护发剂
可使你的头发增添丰满之感。8 [C] old-fash infml a person
usually a woman【过时，非正式】人〔常指女性)：Mrs Jones was
a dear old body. 琼斯太太是一位可爱的老妇人。9 keep body
and soul together to have enough money, food etc, to live on
勉强维持生活，苟延残喘：She hardly eats enough to keep body
and soul together. 她吃的东西太少，恐怕活不下去。10 over my
his/her dead body (used to show your determination that some-
thing will not happen 用以表示绝不让某事发生) not if I/he/she
etc can prevent it 休想：You'll come into this house over
my dead body. 除非我死，不然你休想进这房子来。11 -bodied
/-badid; -bodid/ having the stated kind of body 具有··身躯[形
体]的：big-bodied 身材粗大的 | a wide-bodied jet 宽体喷气式
飞机-see also另见 ABLE-BODIED, FULL-BODIED
USAGE 用法说明 Your figure is the shape of your body
considered with regard to whether the shape is pleasing or
attractive, or whether it suits a particular style of clothes. 
某人之 figure 是指其身材，涉及有关体态是否令人喜爱或富
有吸引力，或是否适合穿某种样式的服装：She has an excel. 
lent figure. （她的身材优美。） Body would formerly have
been considered impolite here, but is now becoming
acceptable. 从前 body 表示身材的意思被认为是不礼貌的
但现在这一用法已被接受。Figure is usually used of women
For both men and women we can use build. 指女性时通常
用 figure, 男性和女性都可用的词是 build: a man/woman
of small/heavy build. (一个体型瘦小[强壮]的男人[女人])
body ar·mour BrE【英】body armor AmE【美】/'·，·/ n [U]
special clothing worn by the police, important politicians etc
to protect them from bullets 防弹衣
body bag /'· ·/ n AmE a large bag in which a dead body is
carried away from the scene of a crime, an accident, or a battle
【美】运尸袋：Large numbers of body bags coming back from
the war would lower support for US action, 从战场运回的大
量尸袋将降低民众对美国政府行动的支持。
body blow /'. / n 1 (in BOXING) a usually heavy blow that
strikes your opponent between the neck and the waist 〔拳击
中〕打向对手上半身（颈与腰之间）的重拳 2 [(to)] a serious loss. 
disappointment, or defeat 严重损失；大败北；大挫折：His in-
jury was a body blow to our chances of winning the match. 
他受伤对我们打赢这场比赛的希望是一大打击
bod. y. build. er /badi, bilda;'bodi, bilde/n someone, especially
a man, who does a lot of hard physical exercise using heavy
weights, and develops big muscles参加健美运动的人；健美运
动员〔尤指男性〕- bodybuilding n[U]
body clock /'·/ n — see 参见 BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
body count /'. /n [S] the number of people killed in a fight
or war, or the number of deaths shown in a film〔冲突、战争或
影片中〕死亡人数
body doub. le /'·. ·/ n an actor in a film who takes the place of
a famous actor during sex scenes 在电影性爱场面中代替名演
员的替身演员
bod. y. guard /`badi gard; 'bodiga:d/ n 1 a man whose job is to
guard an important person 〔重要人物的〕警卫员，卫士，保镖：The
Queen's bodyguards stopped a man who was carrying a gun. 
女王的卫士拦住了一个携枪的人。2[+sing. /pl. v] a group of men
with this job 警卫队：The President's bodyguard is/are wait
ing in the hall. 总统的卫队在大厅里等候。
body lan-guage /'·，. ·/ n [U] the use of bodily movements and
signs as a way of expressing one's feelings or intentions with-
out using words身体语言，肢体语言〔不用语言而用动作或姿势
等方式来表达感情或意图〕
body pier. cing /'·，. ·/ n [U] the action of putting a small hole
through part of your body, such as your nose, tongue, or NAVEL, 
so that you can wear jewellery there〔为佩带饰品)在身体上<如
鼻、舌、脐等>穿洞眼
body pol. i·tic /，· '·/ n [the] fml the people of a nation form-
ing a state under the control of a single government【正式】政
治实体，国家；〔被视为一个整体的〕人民，民族
body search /'. / n a detailed examination of a person for
hidden items (e. g. drugs or weapons)〔为找出隐匿物品如毒品、
武器等而作的〕安全检查；搜身 - body-search ν [T]: She was
body-searched at the airport. 她在机场接受了安全检查。
Body Shop /'. / trademark a company started by Anita
RODDICK, which produces MAKE-UP, soap, SHAMPOO etc and
sells them all over the world in its own shops. The company is
known for making products which have not been tested on
animals and for working to protect the environment. 【商标】美
体小铺〔由阿妮塔·罗迪克创建的一家生产并销售化妆品、香皂、洗
发水等产品的公司，在世界各地都设有专卖店。该公司以生产未经
动物试验的产品以及致力于环境保护而闻名〕
body snatch. er /'. . ·/ n (in former times) a person who dug
up dead bodies and sold them to doctors for scientific study
〔昔时卖死尸给医生作解剖用的〕掘墓盗尸者
body stock-ing /'·. ·/ n a closely-fitting garment in one piece
that covers the body and often the arms and legs 上下身相连的
紧身衣服
bod-y-suit /badisut; 'bodisu:t/ n [C] a piece of tight-fitting cloth-
ing that women wear on the top half of their body 女子紧身衣
bod·y. work /badiw3k; 'bodiw3:k/ n [U] the main outside struc
ture of a motor vehicle, as opposed to the engine, wheels etc
〔汽车的〕车身：The engine works well, but there is a lot of
rust in the bodywork. 汽车引擎运转良好，但车身有许多铁锈。
Boe·ing /`boin; 'beuin/ trademark a US company that makes
aircraft. Its passenger planes, such as the Boeing 747， are the
most common ones used by AIRLINES. 【商标】波音公司〔美国的
一家飞机制造商，其客机如波音747等在各航空公司中使用最为
广泛
Bo. er /bor; bo:/ n a white South African belonging to a group
of people who originally went to South Africa from Holland
in the 17th century. The language of the Boers is AFRIKAANS
布尔人〔南非白人，是17世纪移民南非的荷兰人后裔，操南非荷兰
语)- Boer adj
Boer War, the /· '·/ also 又作 the South African War (1899-
1902)a war in South Africa in which the British army suc-
cessfully fought against two Boer REPUBLICs called the
Transvaal and the Orange Free State, and made them part of
0175
the British Empire 布尔战争〔(1899-1902)，指发生在南非的一
场战争。英国战胜，吞并了德兰士瓦和奥兰治自由邦这两个布尔人
共和国〕
bof. fin /bafin; 'bofen/ n 1 BrE old-fash infml a scientist【英
过时，非正式】科学家，科技人员 2 BrE infml a clever person【英
非正式】聪明的人
bog1 /bag; bog/ n 1 [C; U] (an area of) soft wet ground, consist-
ing of decaying vegetable matter, into which the feet sink〔腐
朽植物所形成的〕沼泽（区）2[C] BrE slang a TOILET【英俚】厕
所 — ~gy adj:boggy ground沼泽地
bog2ν-gg
bog down phr v [I; T(=bog sthg. /sbdy.  down) usually
pass. 一般用被动语态] to (cause to) sink and become stuck(as
if) in a bog （使）陷入（困境） ：The car got bogged down in the
mud. 汽车陷入了泥泞中。| (fig. 喻) The talks with the staff
boggea down on the question of workins hours. 与员工的谈
判，在有关工作时间的问题上陷入了僵局。|(fig. 喻)Let's try
not to get too bogged down in these detailed points. 我们还是
不要让这些细节把我们拖住吧！
Bo. gart /`bogart; 'beuga:t/, Hum. phrey /hvmfri; 'hvmfri/
(1899-1957) a US film actor whose films include The Maltese
Falcon. CAsablanCA. and The African oueen. He was mar-
ried to the actress Lauren BACALL. 博加特〔(1899-1957)，美
国电影演员，演出过《枭巢喋血记》、《卡萨布兰卡》和《非洲皇后》，
娶女演员劳伦·白考尔为妻〕
bo. gey /`bogi; 'beugi/ 1 also 又作 bogey man /'·，·/
boogeyman -(used by children or to threaten them) an imagi-
nary evil spirit 妖怪，鬼（儿语）：The bogey man's coming to
get you!妖怪马上要来抓你了！ 2 a cause of fear, especially an
imaginary one〔尤指想像出来的〕恐惧的根源
bog. gle /`bagl; 'bogal/ v [I (at)] 1 to pause before taking any
action, especially owing to fear or surprise ； HESITATE 畏缩不
前；犹豫不决：I rather boggled at having to pay ￡30 for the
tickets. 买票要花 30英镑, 我对此颇感踌躇。 2 to be very
surprised, shocked, or overwhelmed(OVERWHELM)吃惊，受
惊：The mind boggles at the amount of research yet to be
done. 要进行的研究工作数量之大把人吓昏了。 — see also 另见
MIND-BOGGLING
bo·gie', bogey, bogy /`bogi; 'beugi/ n 1 BrE a set of four or six
wheels set in a frame under a railway engine or carriage, that
make it able to go round curves 转向架[盘]〔放在火车头或车厢
下以助其转弯的四轮或六轮底盘)2 a small light cart (TROLLEY)
小货车：手推车 3 (in GOLF) a SCORE of one stroke over PAR on
a hole〔高尔夫球中〕超过标准杆数的一击
bogie2 v [T] (in GOLF) to play (a hole) in one stroke over PAR
〔高尔夫球中〕（对洞）打出超过标准杆数的一击
Bog. nor Re. gis /bagne`rid3is; bogne'ri:d3s/ Bognor a town
on the south coast of England, popular with tourists, especially
older British people 博格诺里吉斯〔英格兰南部沿岸一镇，尤其
受上了年纪的英国游客的喜爱)
Bog·o·ta /boge`ta;boge'ta:/the capital city of Colombia, built
high up in the Andes mountains 波哥大〔哥伦比亚首都，位于安
第斯山脉高处
bog roll /' / n [C; U] BrE slang (a roll of) TOILET PAPER【英
俚】（一卷）卫生纸
bog-stan-dard / '·√ adj BrE infml of the ordinary type, and
not special or interesting in any way【英，非正式】普通的，平常
的：How much do you have to pay for a basic, bog-standard
computer these days?近来买一台基本配置的普通电脑要花多
少钱？
bo. gus /`boges; 'beuges/ adj derog pretended; intentionally false
【贬】假的，伪造的：The reporter could not get to see the
minister, so she made up a completely bogus interview with
him. 记者见不到那位部长，于是她虚构了一篇对他的采访记
Boheme, La — see 参见 LA BOHEME
bo. he. mi. an /bo`himien; beu'hi:mien/ n, adj becoming rare
(a person) that does not follow the accepted practices, customs
and standards of social behaviour【渐罕】不拘于传统的（人），放
荡不羁的（人）：Many writers, artists, and musicians are
thought to be bohemians/to lead bohemian lives. 不少作家、
艺术家和音乐家都被视为不拘于传统的人[过着狂放不羁生活的
人]。
Bohr /bor; bo:/, Niels Hen. rik Da. vid /nils `hanrik `daevid:
ni:ls 'henrik 'daevd/ (1885-1962) a Danish scientist who made
important discoveries in NUCLEAR PHYSICS, especially discov
eries about the structure of atoms. He won the Nobel prize for
Physics in 1922. 玻尔〔(1885-1962)，丹麦科学家，在核物理学
领域，尤其是原子结构方面作出了重大发现，1922年获诺贝尔物
理学奖
*boil' /boil; boil/ v [I; T] 1 a to cause (a liquid or its container) to
reach the temperature at which liquid changes into a gas 使达
到沸点，煮沸，烧开：Peter boiled the kettle. 彼得将水壶（里的
水)煮开了。| I'm boiling the soup. 我在煮汤。b (of a liquid or
its container) to reach this temperature 沸腾：Is the milk/the
kettle boiling yet?牛奶[水壶里的水]开了没有？ | (fig. 喻) boil
ing with rage 怒气冲冲 | The way these newspapers print
such blatant lies makes my blood boil. (=makes me extremely
angry)报纸竟报道如此无耻的谎言，真使我气愤之极。2 to cook
in water at 100℃（用开水）煮（食物）：Boil the potatoes for 20
minutes. 把马铃薯煮20分钟。| The potatoes have been boil-
ing (away) for 20 minutes. 这些马铃薯已经煮了20分钟了。|
Shall I boil you an egg?要我给你煮个鸡蛋吗？ | boiled eggs
煮好的鸡蛋(fig. 喻)a boiling hot(=extremely hot) day酷
热的一天 3 boil dry to (cause to) become dry because the liq-
uid has changed into gas by boiling （把液体）煮干：Don't let
the pan/the vegetables boil dry. 不要把锅[蔬菜] 煮干了。--
see 参见 COOK (USAGE); see also 另见 HARD-BOILED, SOFT
BOILED
boil away phr y [I] to be reduced to nothing (as if) by boil-
ing 煮干，汽化； 化为乌有：The water had all boiled away and
the pan was burned. 水煮干了，锅也烧坏了。
boil down phr v [I; T (=boil sthg.  down)] to reduce in
quantity by boiling 煮稠，浓缩：Put plenty of spinach in the
pan because it boils down (to almost nothing). 锅里要多放-
些菠菜，因为一煮就没多少了。|(fig. 喻)Try to boil the report
down (to the main points). 想法子把报告压缩一下[压缩成几个
要点]。
boil down to sthg. phr v [T] infml (of a statement, situation. 
argument etc)to be or mean, leaving out the unnecessary parts
【非正式】等于是··，归结起来是··：It's a long report, but it re-
ally boils down to a demand for higher safety standards. 这
篇报告很长，其实归结起来就是要求有更高的安全标准
boil over phr v [I] (of a liquid) to swell as it boils, and flow
over the sides of a container 沸腾而溢出：Turn off the gas; the
milk is boiling over. 关掉煤气吧，牛奶开得溢出来了。|(fig. 
喻) The argument boiled over into open war. 争论演变成了公
开的论战。
boil up phr v [I] (of troubles) to develop and reach a danger
ous level〔麻烦等〕发展到了危险程度：Trouble was boiling up
in the Middle East. 中东在酝酿动乱，局势一触即发
boil2 n [S] an act or state of boiling 煮沸；沸腾：Give the sheets
a good boil to get them white. 把被单好好煮一煮，好让它们白
一些。| The milk has nearly come to the boil. 牛奶快要开了。|
Bring it to the boil, then turn down the heat. 把它煮开，然后
把火关小。| to go/take off the boil 不要再煮 | (fig. 喻) Try to
keep them interested in the deal-we don't want them to go
off the boil. (=lose interest)要尽力使他们对这笔买卖保持兴
趣，我们并不想让他们的热情冷下来。
boil3 n a painful infected swelling under the skin 疖子，疔，暗疮
boiled sweet /'/ n BrE a hard, small sweet which often tastes
of fruit【英】〔常带有水果味的〕硬糖
boil-er /boile; 'boile'/ n a container for boiling water, e. g. in a
steam engine, or to provide heating in a house 锅炉 — see also
另见 DOUBLE BOILER, POTBOILER
boiler suit /'· ·/ also 又作 coveralls AmE【美】— n [C; U] a
garment made in one piece, worn for dirty work; OVERALLS 连
衣裤工作服 -compare 比较 DUNGAREES
boil-ing /`boilin; 'boilin/ adj 1 very hot 极热的，炎热的：Can I
open a window? It's boiling in here. 我能开一扇窗吗？这里热
极了。| It's been boiling hot all summer. 炎热的天气持续了
整个夏天。— see 参见 COLD 2 very angry 气愤至极的：I was
boiling with pent-up rage. 我怒火中烧
boiling point /'/'n 1 the temperature at which a liquid boils
沸点：Oil has a low boiling point. 油的沸点低。- compare 比
较 FREEZING POINT 2 the point at which high excitement, an-
ger etc, develops into action 极度兴奋；盛怒；白热化：Relations
between the two countries have almost reached boiling point
两国间的紧张关系几乎已经达到白热化的程度。
bois. ter. ous /`boisteres; 'boistares/ adj 1 (of a person or
behaviour) noisily cheerful and rough〔人、行为〕喧闹的，活泼
的；粗暴的：Her sons are nice boys, but rather boisterous. 她
的几个儿子都是好孩子，就是有点吵闹。2(of weather) wild and
rough 〔天气〕狂暴的，猛烈的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
bok choy /，bak `tfor; ，bok 'tfoi/ n [U] a vegetable with green
leaves eaten especially in E Asia(尤在东亚地区食用的)小白菜，
青菜
Bo-lan /`bolen; 'beulen/, Marc /mark; ma:k/ (1947-1977)a Brit-
ish singer and songwriter in the 1970s with the popular group
T. Rex. His songs include 20th Century Boy and Get It On
He died young in a car crash. 博兰〔(1947-1977)，20世纪70
0176
年代的英国歌手和作曲家，“恐龙王”乐队中的一员，歌曲包括《20
世纪的男孩》和《继续》，因遭遇车祸而英年早逝)
bold /bold; beold/ adj 1 (of a person or behaviour) brave. 
confident, and adventurous; not afraid to take risks 〔人或行为)
果敢的，冒险的，无畏的：The council today announced its bold
new plans for the city centre. 市议会今天宣布了大胆改造市中
心的新计划。| He's a bold thinker, with lots of original ideas. 
他是个敢于思考的人，富有创新观点。2 derog (of a person or
behaviour) without respect or shame; INSOLENT【贬】〔人或行
为〕无耻的，冒失的，不客气的：She's a bold child. 她是个大胆
的女孩。|He sat there (as) bold as brass (=extremely boldly)
and refused to leave. 他厚颜无耻地坐在那里不肯离开。3 (of
the appearance of something) strongly marked; clearly formed
〔事物的外表〕显眼的，轮廓清晰的；the bold shape of the cliffs
悬崖清晰的轮廓 | a drawing done in a few bold lines 以几笔
粗线条画成的画4 [no comp. 无比较级](of print) in boldface
(印刷)用黑体铅字排的：The headwords in this dictionary are
printed in bold type. 这部词典的词目是用黑体字排印的。5 be/
make (so) bold (as) to fml or humor (especially in social
matters) to dare to【正式或幽】〔尤指在社交上〕冒昧，胆敢，恕. 
无礼：That's a very unusual dress you're wearing, if I might
make so bold (as to say so). 恕我冒昧说一句，你穿的这件连衣
裙颇为与众不同。 — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
bold-face /`'bold fes; 'bouldfeis/ n [U] (in printing) thick black
letters〔印刷〕黑体字，粗体字
bold-faced /`bold`fest; beuld'feist/ adj 1 without respect or
shame; BOLD(2)无耻的，鲁莽的 2 [no comp, 无比较级](of
print)in boldface〔印刷〕黑体字的，粗体字的
bold-ly /`boldli: 'beoldli/ to boldly go where no man has gone
before a phrase from the television SERIES Star Trek, describ. 
ing the idea of discovering new and exciting places in space. 
The phrase is also one of the most famous examples of a SPLIT
INFINITIVE, which is considered by some people to be bad
English. 大胆涉足人迹未至之地〔电视连续剧《星空奇遇记》中的
一句话，指勇于探索的思想。该短语也是说明分裂不定式最著名的
范例之一，有些人认为这是不规范的英语〕 — see also 另见 STAR
TREK
bole /bol; beol/ n the TRUNK(=the main stem) of a tree 树干
bo. le. ro'/be`laro: be'leareo/ n -ros (a piece of music written
for)a Spanish dance〔（西班牙〕博莱罗舞（曲）
bol-e-ro2 /bo`laro; 'bolereu/ n -ros a (woman's) short JACKET. 
open at the front and usually not reaching the waist 女用短上
衣〔前面开口，长不及腰部〕
Bo-leyn /be`lin; be'lin/, Anne (1507-1536) the second wife of
the English king HENRY VIII, who was the mother of Queen
Elizabeth I. Henry wanted to end his first marriage in order to
marry Anne Boleyn, but the Pope would not allow it, and this
led to the separation of the Church of England from the Ro-
man Catholic Church. Henry later had Anne's head cut off. 博
林〔(1507-1536)，英国国王亨利八世的第二任妻子，女王伊丽莎
白一世的母亲。国王亨利为娶安妮·博林而欲结束第一次婚姻，但
遭到教皇的反对，从而导致英格兰教会脱离了罗马天主教会。后来
安妮被国王下令斩首〕
Bol-i-var /`bolivar; 'bolava:/, Simon (1783-1830) also known
as the Liberator; a soldier and political leader who, at the time
when many parts of South America were ruled by Spain, fought
against the Spanish army and won independence for Venezuela. 
Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador. He is greatly respectec
in South America, and the country Bolivia is named after him. 
玻利瓦尔〔(1783-1830)，又称“解放者”，军事家和政治领袖。南
美洲许多地方受西班牙统治时期，他率军与西班牙军队作战，为委
内瑞拉、秘鲁、玻利维亚、哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔争取独立。他深受
南美洲人民尊敬，玻利维亚就是以他的名字命名的〕
Bo. liv. i. a /be`livie; be'livie/ a mountainous country in the west-
ern part of South America, surrounded by Brazil, Chile
Argentina, Peru, and Paraguay. Population: 7, 040, 000(1995)
Capital:La Paz. 玻利维亚〔位于南美洲西部的山地国家，与巴西. 
智利、阿根廷、秘鲁和巴拉圭接壤。人口：7, 040, 000(1995)，首都：
拉巴斯
boll /bol; beul/ n the seed case of the cotton plant 〔棉桃外面的〕
圆荚，荚壳
bol-lard /`balad; 'boled/ n a short thick post a BrE at the end
of streets closed to cars so that they may not enter【英】〔街道尽
头阻止汽车进入的)安全柱，矮桩 b BrE in the middle of a street. 
where walkers wait【英】〔行人安全岛的〕护柱 c on a ship or
beside the water, for tying ships' ropes to 〔船上或码头上的)系
缆柱
bol-lock /`balek; 'bplek/ v [T] BrE slang to tell someone an-
grily that you do not like what they have done【英俚】臭骂：I'll
bollock him for sticking his rubbish in my cupboard. 他把乱
七八糟的东西塞进了我的柜子，我要好好骂他一顿
bol-lock. ing /`balekin: 'bplekin/ n [C] give someone a
bollocking BrE to tell someone that you are very angry about
something they have done【英】斥责，责骂：I expect I'll get d
bollocking from my boss when she finds out. 我估计老板发现
后我要挨她一顿臭骂| 
bol-locks'/baleks; 'boleks/ n, interj BrE taboo slang【英，讳
俚】1 [P] TESTICLES 睾丸 2 [U] derog complete nonsense【贬】
废话 3 be the (dog's) bollocks BrE slang a rude expression
used in order to say that someone or something is extremely
good【英俚】绝了，棒极了〔为粗鲁的表达方式)：Their new
album's the dog's bollocks. 他们的新专辑真是一绝。| I went
to that club in Camden on Friday night. It's definitely the
bollocks. 星期五晚上我去了卡姆登区的那家俱乐部，简直棒极了。
bollocks2 v
bollocks sthg. up BrE【英】‖bol·lix sthg. up AmE【美】
/`baliks; 'boliks/-phr v [T] taboo slang to spoil; BUNGLE
【讳，俚】搞乱，弄糟 - bollocks-up /'··/n
boll wee. vil /. /n an insect that attacks the cotton plant 棉铃
象鼻虫
Bol-ly. wood /'balrwud; 'boliwod/ n an informal name for the
Indian film industry, based on the names 'Hollywood' and
\"Bombay', the city where most popular Indian films are made
孟莱坞〔印度电影业的别称，取自“好莱坞”和“孟买”，孟买是广受
欢迎的大部分印度影片的制作地
bo. lo. gna /be`lonr; be'leoni/ n [U] AmE a popular SAUSAGE
meat made of BEEF, VEAL, and PORK, commonly served in sand-
wiches(SANDWICH). Children often take bologna sandwiches
to school. 【美】博洛尼亚香肠，大香肠〔由牛肉、小牛肉、猪肉制成
的一种大众化香肠，通常夹在三明治里食用。学童常带这种三明治
去学校〕
Bo-lo. gna /be`lonje; be'leunje/ the capital city of Emilia-Romagna
in N central Italy, built below a group of mountains called the
Apennines 博洛尼亚〔意大利中北部艾米利亚-罗马涅区首府，位
于亚平宁山麓
Bol. o. gnese /bole`njez;bole'neiz/ adj cooked with a thick
liquid made of TOMATOes and very small pieces of meat 博洛
尼亚风味的〔指加入番茄酱和肉末的调味方法)：Bolognese sauce
博洛尼亚风味汁| spaghetti Bolognese博洛尼亚风味的意大利
面条
bo. lo. ney, baloney /be`loni; be'leuni/ n [U] slang foolish talk
nonsense【俚】胡说八道，废话：That's a lot of boloney. 那全是
胡说八道
bo. lo tie /`bolo tai; 'beuleo ，tai/ also 又作 string tie n AmE a
string worn around the neck with ends hanging down the front
of a shirt, held together by a decorative object and worn usu-
ally by men in the western US【美】波洛领带〔挂于颈部、两端垂
在胸前并用饰扣系住的一种细带，常为美国西部男子所戴〕
Bol-she-vik /balfivik; 'bolfvik/ n 1 a member of the political
party led by Lenin, which took power in Russia in the RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION of 1917 and later became the Communist Party
布尔什维克〔指由列宁领导的政党党员，该党在1917年俄国革命
中夺取了政权，为共产党前身)2 an insulting word for a Com-
munist or anyone with strong LEFT-WING opinions 共产党党员；
极左翼分子：极端激进分子〔为侮辱性词语〕
Bol-shoi Bal-let, the /，bolfoi bae`le; bolfoi 'baelei/ a famous
Russian school and theatre for BALLET, based in Moscow 大居
院（芭蕾舞团）〔位于莫斯科，是俄罗斯著名的芭蕾舞学校和剧院)
bol-shy, bolshie /`bolfi; 'bplfi/ adi BrE infml derog unhelpful
or unwilling and tending to argue【英，非正式，贬】不愿帮忙的，
不合作的；爱争吵的：I asked her to do some typing but she's
being a bit bolshy about it. 我请她帮忙打字，可是她有点不大
乐意
bol. ster' /'bolste; 'beolste/ n a large long PILLOW that goes
across the head of a bed under the other pillows(床头上的)长
枕垫
bolster2v [T(UP)] to support, strengthen, or increase 支持，增
强，鼓励；增加：These price cuts are sure to bolster demand
for their products. 降价肯定会增加他们产品的需求量。| to
bolster up someone's pride 增强某人的自尊心
bolt1 /bolt; beult/ n 1 a screw with no point, which fastens
through a piece of metal (NUT (2) to hold things together 螺栓
2 a metal bar that slides across to fasten a door or window(
窗的)金属插销 3 a short heavy ARROW to be fired from a
CROSSBOW〔短而粗的〕弩箭，矢 4 a flash of lightning; THUN-
DERBOLT 闪电，霹雳 5 a large quantity of rolled cloth 〔布的〕 一
卷，一匹 6 bolt from the blue something unexpected and un-
pleasant 飞来横祸，晴天霹雳：His sudden death came as a bolt
from the blue. 他的突然去世，犹如晴天霹雳。 — see also 另见
NUTS AND BOLTS, have shot one's bolt (SHOOT1)
0177
bolt2v 1 [I] to move fast or run away suddenly 奔，窜；逃跑：My
horse bolted and threw me in the mud. 我的马突然一窜，把我
摔在泥里。| The thief bolted when he saw the policeman. 小
偷一看到警察就急忙逃跑了。2 [T (DOWN)] to eat very quickly
狼吞虎咽：She bolted (down) her breakfast. 她匆匆忙忙地吃了
早餐。3 [I;T] to (cause to) fasten with a bolt 用栓闩上：She
bolted the door. 她把门闩了起来。| This door bolts on the
inside. 那门是从里面闩住的。| These two metal parts bolt
together; this one bolts onto that one. 这两块金属片是栓在一
起的，这块栓在那块上面。| Let me out! I'm bolted in. 让我出
去！我被闩在里面了。4 [T] AmE, becoming rare to break away
from (a political party)【美，渐罕】脱〔党〕，退〔党)：He bolted
the Republicans. 他退出了共和党
bolt3n [S] an act of suddenly running away 逃跑，急跑：The
prisoner made a bolt for (=towards) the door. 犯人夺门而逃
bolt4 adv bolt upright straight and stiffly 笔直地，僵直地：He
made the children sit bolt upright. 他让孩子们挺直身子坐着
bolt. hole /`bolt hol; 'beultheul/ n BrE a place to which one
can escape【英】避难所，藏身处
*bomb1/bam; bom/ n 1 [C] a hollow metal
container filled with explosive, or with
other chemicals of a stated type or effect
炸弹；爆炸装置：They planted a bomb in
the post office. 他们在邮局安放了一枚炸
弹。| Enemy aircraft dropped bombs
on the city. 敌机轰炸了那个城市。| A
time bomb explodes some time after it
is placed in position. 定时炸弹放好后，
到时就会爆炸。| The crowd threw petro
bombs at the police. 人群向警察投掷汽
油弹。 — see also 另见 LETTER BOMB 2
[thel the nuclear bomb. or nuclear
weapons in general, considered from a
political point of view. The phrase 'ban
the bomb' was used by people opposing the use of nuclear
weapons, especially in the 1960s. 〔从政治观点考虑的〕核弹，
核武器〔尤其在20世纪60年代，“禁止核武器”是人们反对使用核
武器时说的一句话)：At that stage. China did not yet have the
bomb. 那时，中国还未拥有核武器。3(go) like a bomb BrE
infml (to go) very well【英，非正式】非常有效地 （行进） ：My new
car goes like a bomb. 我的新车跑得棒极了。4 spend/cost a
bomb BrE infml to spend/cost a lot of money【英，非正式】花
很多钱：值很多钱
*bomb2v1 [I; T] to attack with bombs, especially by dropping
them from aircraft〔尤指从空中〕轰炸，向··投炸弹，炸毁2
[I+ady/prep] infml to move quickly【非正式】快速前进：He
came bombing along the road towards them, 他沿着公路急急
忙忙朝他们跑来。3 [I(OUT)]AmE infml to fail【美，非正式】失
败；不及格：“How did he do on the last test?”“He bombed. '
“他的最近一次测验考得怎么样？”“不及格。”
bom·bard /bam`bard; bpm'ba:d/ v [T (with)] 1 to keep at-
tacking heavily (as if) with gunfire(用炮火)猛轰, 轰击: The
warships bombarded the port. 战舰炮轰了港口。| The speaker
was bombardec with questions. 演讲者受到连珠炮似的质问
2 tech to direct a stream of fast-moving PARTICLES at (an atom)
【术语】以高速粒子撞击[轰击]〔原子〕
bom. bar. dier /bambe`dir;bambe'die/n 1 the person on a
military aircraft who drops the bombs〔飞机上的)轰炸员，投弹
手 2 a soldier with a low rank in the Royal Artillery(=part of
the British army)〔英国皇家炮兵〕下士
bom. bard. ment /bam`bardment; bom'ba:dment/ n [C usu-
ally sing. 一般用单数；U](an) attack with big guns 炮轰，轰击：
aerial bombardment飞机轰炸
bom·bast /`'bambaest; 'bombaest/ n [U] derog important-sound-
ing insincere words with little meaning【贬】高调，大话；豪言壮
语 — ~ic /bam`baestik; bom'baestik/ adj: a bombastic person/
speech 唱高调的人；夸大其词的发言 — ~ically /-klr; -kli/ adv
Bom. bay /bam`be; bom'ber/ the largest city in India, on the
west coast of the country. It is the capital of Maharashtra state. 
an important port and industrial centre, and the centre of the
Indian film industry, 孟买〔印度最大的城市，位于该国西海岸，
为马哈拉施特拉邦首府，是重要的港口和工业、电影业中心〕
Bom. bay duck /. /n [U] an Indian food of salty dried fish
〔印度的〕咸龙头鱼干
bomb dis·pos·al squad /，. . ·，·/n a team of people whose
job it is to make safe bombs which have been discovered, and
prevent them from exploding 未爆弹处理小组
bombed /bamd; bomd/ adj [F] slang very drunk, or affectec
by illegal drugs【俚】烂醉如泥的；因吸毒而昏晕的：They went
out and got completely bombed. 他们出去喝得烂醉如泥，
bomb. er /`bame; 'bome/ n 1 an aircraft that carries and drops
bombs 轰炸机 — compare 比较 FIGHTER (2) 2 a person who
throws or places bombs投弹手；放置炸弹的人
bomber jack. et /'. . / n a warm leather JACKET worn by Ameri-
can and British PILOTS during World War II. Jackets like these
are seen by some people as fashionable. 短夹克〔第二次世界大
战期间美军和英军飞行员穿的一种皮夹克，有些人认为这种式样很
时髦〕
bombing cam. paign /'. /n a number of bomb attacks by
the same organization over a short period of time, often aimed
at the general public rather than at anything particular and usu-
ally done by TERRORISTS 炸弹运动〔指同一组织在短时间内制造
的以公众为目标的一连串炸弹爆炸事件，常由恐怖分子所为)
bomb. proof /bam`pruf; 'bompru:f/ adj giving protection
against bombs 防弹的；避弹的； a bombproof shelter 防空洞
bomb scare /'/ also 又作 bomb threat AmE【美】- n a warn-
ing that a bomb has been planted in a certain place and is about
to explode 炸弹恐吓〔指恐吓某地已放置炸弹并即将爆炸)：The
station was closed because of a bomb scare. 由于有炸弹恐
吓，车站关门了。
bomb炸弹
bomb·shell /`bam fl; 'bomfel/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数]
infml【非正式】1 a great and usually unpleasant surprise 令人
震惊之事，突发意外事件：The news of their divorce came as a
bombshell to us. 他们离婚的消息使我们大吃一惊。2 old-fash
an extremely attractive woman (especially in the phrase 尤用
于短语 a blonde bombshell金发美人)【过时】非常吸引人的女性
bomb shel·ter /'. ·/ n a room or building, usually underground. 
which is built to protect people from the effects of a bomb, 
especially a NUCLEAR bomb. In the 1950s and 1960s, people
in the US were encouraged to build bomb shelters for their
BOMB
families because people were afraid of war with the Soviet
Union. 防空洞〔指人们为躲避炸弹尤其是核弹而造的建筑，一般位
于地下。20世纪50、60年代，美国人因害怕与苏联交战而被鼓励
为家人修建防空洞〕
bomb·site /`bam sait; 'bomsait/ n an open space in a town. 
where a bomb has destroyed all the buildings 被炸后的废墟
bo. na fide /`bone `faidi; beune 'faidi/ adj, adv real(ly);
sincere(ly)真正的[地]；真实的[地]；真诚的[地]：The hotel car
park is only for bona fide guests. (=for people actually stay-
ing at the hotel)旅馆的停车场专为真正住在旅馆的客人泊车之
用。
bona fi-des /'bone `faidiz; beune 'faidiz/ n [P] fml or law
sincerity; honest intentions【正式或律】真诚，善意，诚意
bo. nan. za /bo`naenze; be'naenze/ n especially AmE something
very profitable【尤美】走红运，获利之道，致富之源：The film was
a box-office bonanza. 那部电影很卖座，进账可观
Bonanza a US television show first made in the 1960s, which
continued for many years. It is about a family who live in the
WILD WEST on a RANCH (=large farm) called the 'Ponderosa'. 
Many people have seen the show and know the music that is
played at the beginning. 《吉星高照》〔20世纪60年代首拍并连
播多年的一部美国电视剧，讲述居住在西大荒黄松牧场的一家人。
许多人看过该剧，熟悉片头音乐〕
Bonaparte — see 参 NAPOLEON
bon-bon /`banban; 'bonbon/ n a sweet made of chocolate with
a soft filling 软夹心巧克力糖
bond'/band; bond/ n 1 [C often pl. 常用复数] something that
unites two or more people or groups, such as a shared feeling
or interest〔因共同利益或感情而使人联系起来的〕纽带，维系，联
结物，关系：There's a close bond between them. 他们之间有一
种紧密的关系。| two countries that are linked by bonds of
friendship 被友谊的纽带联结在一起的两个国家 2[C] a writ-
ten agreement or promise with the force of law 契约，盟约：to
enter into a bond with someone 与某人订契约 | (pomp 夸张)
His word is (as good as) his bond. (=his spoken promise can
be completely trusted. )他的话（像契约一样）很可靠。3 [C] an
official paper promising to pay a sum of money to the person
who holds it, especially one by which a government or com-
pany borrows money from the public with the promise of pay-
ing it back with interest at a fixed time 债券，证券，公债；付款
保证书，借款字据：4. 5% National Savings bonds 利息为4厘半
的国家储蓄债券 — see also 另见 BEARER BOND, ZERO COUPON
BOND 4 [S] a state of being stuck together 结合，黏合：This
new glue makes a firmer bond. 这种新胶水黏合力较强。5 in/
out of bond (of goods brought into a country) in/out of a bonded
WAREHOUSE〔进口货物〕存入关栈中以待完税：已完税出关：You
can buy the whisky in bond or duty-paid. 你可以 （在海关保税
仓库)纳税购买威士忌酒，或购买已经完税的。 — see also另见
BONDS
bond2ν1 [I; T (TOGETHER, to)] to (cause to) stick together, e. g
0178
with glue〔例如用胶)（使）黏合：bonded wood 粘在一起的木头
2 [I] AmE to develop strong and lasting feelings for someone, 
especially between a mother and her new baby, or a father and
his new baby【美】〔尤指父母与新生儿之间〕培养长久亲密的感情：
Parents should have plenty of time with their new baby to
allow bonding to occur. 父母应该有充足的时间与新生儿在一
起，以培养他们之间一种持久的亲情。3[T] to put (goods) into
a bonded WAREHOUSE〔把货物〕存入关栈[保税仓库]中
Bond, James a character in the novels by Ian Fleming. James
Bond is a brave attractive SECRET AGENT who works for the
British government and is sometimes called '007'. Many of
the James Bond stories have been made into popular films that
involve a lot of dangerous and exciting scenes, beautiful
women, and special secret equipment for attacking people, 
sending messages etc. When James Bond introduces himself
to people, he often says 'The name's Bond, James Bond'. 詹姆
斯·邦德〔伊恩·弗莱明小说中的人物，他是一位勇敢、独具魅力的
英国特工，有时称作007。许多有关他的传奇故事被改编成电影，
广受喜爱，其中有大量的惊险场面、美女以及特制的秘密武器、收
发报机等。在作自我介绍时，他常说，“我名叫邦德，詹姆斯·邦
德”) — see also 另见 Sean CONNERY
bond. age /bandid3; 'bondid3/ n 1 especially lit the condition
of being a slave, or any state which seems like this; SERVITUDE
【尤文】奴役，束缚：in bondage to a cruel master 处于残酷主人
的奴役下 2 sex involving the physical RESTRAINT of a partner
将对方捆绑后性交
bonded ware-house /，. . / n an official store for goods that
are brought into a country and on which tax has not yet been
paid〔海关的〕关栈，保税仓库
bond. hold. er /band holda; 'bond, heulde/ n someone who
holds government or industrial bonds 债券持有人
Bon-di Beach /bandai `bitf; bondai 'bi:tf/ a popular beach in
Sydney, Australia, where people go SURFING and where there
are a lot of attractive young women and men邦迪海滩〔位于澳
大利亚悉尼的一处受人喜爱的海滩，在那里人们可以冲浪，迷人的
青年男女随处可见〕
bond. ing /`bandin; 'bondin/ n [U] a process during which a
special close relationship develops between two or more people
亲密关系的形成：male bonding(=when two or more men form
a close relationship with each other by spending time together
and talking about things that men are typically interested in)
〔通过交往，谈论男性感兴趣的典型话题所致的〕男子间亲密关系
的形成
bonds /bandz; bondz/ n [P] lit chains, ropes etc used for tying
up a prisoner【文】镣铐，桎梏<如锁链、绳索等>：to escape from
one's bonds 挣脱枷锁
Bond Street /'/ a street in London famous for its expensive
shops邦德街〔位于伦敦的一条街，以出售高价商品的店铺而闻名〕
make up the frame of a human or animal body, which protect
the organs within, and round which are the flesh and skin 骨，
骨头：He broke a bone in his leg and the doctor set it. 他腿部
骨折，医生把它接好了。| The dog was chewing/gnawing a
bone. 狗在啃着一根骨头。| a jawbone 颌骨| She's very
attractive; she's got good bone structure. (=in her face)她极
富魅力，她脸部的线条十分优美。| Put the fishbones on the side
of the plate. 把鱼骨头放在盘子边上。 — see also 另见 SKEL-
ETON12 [U] the hard substance from which these parts are
formed 骨质物，骨状物：The archaeologists found fragments
of bone in the burial chamber. 考古学家在墓穴中发现了碎骨
片。| a knife with a bone handle 带有骨柄的刀子 3 bone of
contention something that causes argument 争执的原因：The
island has been a bone of contention between our two coun-
tries for years. 多年来那个岛屿一直是我们两国之间争执的焦点。
4 chilled/frozen to the bone infml feeling cold right through
the body【非正式】寒冷入骨[刺骨] 5 close to/near the bone
slightly rude or improper; INDECENT or stating the truth in a
cruel way 近乎淫秽的，下流的：Some of his jokes were rather
close to the bone. 他的一些笑话有点下流。6 cut something to
the bone to reduce (costs, services etc) as much as possible
减到最低程度：The bus service has been cut to the bone. 公共
汽车服务已被削减到最低限度。7 have a 'bone to pick with to
have something to complain about to对·不满，对·有抱怨：
I've got a bone to pick with you. Why have you been spread-
ing these rumours about me?我对你有意见，你为什么散布我
的谣言？8 make no bones about (doing) something to feel
no doubt or shame about (doing) something 对··毫无顾忌，对. 
毫不踌躇：She makes no bones about her prejudice against
them. 她毫不隐讳自己对他们的偏见。9 not make old bones
old-fash not to live to be old【过时】活不到老，不会长寿10-boned
/-bond;-beund/ having bones of the stated kind 有··骨头的：
big-boned 骨头粗大的 — see also 另见 BARE BONES, FUNNY
BONE, feel in your bones (FEEL1), skin and bones (SKIN1)-
~less adj
bone2v [T] 1 to take the bones out of 剔掉·的骨头，去掉··的
骨：Will you bone the fish for me?替我把鱼骨头去掉好吗？|
boned meat 去掉骨头的肉 2 to stiffen (a garment) with pieces
of bone用骨架撑〔衣服〕
bone up phr v [I(for, on)] infml to study hard, especially for
a special purpose【非正式】〔尤指为某一特别目的〕钻研，用功：
You'd better bone up on the traffic rules if you want to pass
your driving test. 你要想通过驾驶考试，最好下点功夫熟记交通
规则。
bone chi. na /，. /n [U] (cups, plates etc made of) fine white
clay mixed with crushed animals'bones; a kind of PORCELAIN. 
Bone china is considered to be a high quality material and things
made from it are generally quite expensive. 骨灰瓷〔被视为一
种优质材料，其成品一般都很昂贵〕
bone-dry // adj infml perfectly dry【非正式】极干的，干透
的
bone. head /`bon, hed; 'beunhed/ n slang a stupid person【俚】
笨蛋，傻瓜 — ~ed/bon`hdid;beun'hedd/adj
bone-i·dle /，'·/ also 又作 bone-lazy - adj extremely lazy
懒到极点的
bone mar. row/'. / n MARROW(1)骨髓
bone meal /'/ n [U] crushed bones, used for improving the
soil〔用作肥料的〕骨粉
bon·er /`bone; 'beune/ n [S] 1 AmE taboo an ERECTION【美，
讳】（阴茎）勃起状态 2 AmE infml a stupid or embarrassing
mistake【美，非正式】愚蠢的错误；令人尴尬的错误
bone. shak. er /'bon feka; 'beun feike/ n infml, often humor
an uncomfortable shaky old vehicle, especially a bicycle【非正
式，常幽】破旧颠簸的交通工具〔尤指自行车〕
bonfire篝火，营火，火堆
bon. fire /`ban fair; 'bonfaie/ n a large fire made in the open
air, either for pleasure or to burn unwanted things 篝火，营火，
火堆：to build a bonfire 生起篝火 — see Feature on page B12
参见B12页文化特写
Bonfire Night /'·/ BrE GUY FAWKES'NIGHT【英】篝火之夜，
营火之夜，盖伊·福克斯之夜
bon·go ^`bango; 'bongeu/ also 又作 bongo drum /'. / -n -gos
or-goes either of a pair of small drums played with the hands
小手鼓，拉丁小鼓
bon. ho. mie /，bane`mi; 'bonemi/ n [U] Fr cheerfulness; easy
friendliness【法】友好，和蔼，性情随和：a spirit of bonhomie 和
蔼的态度|his irritating bonhomie他那过分的亲热劲头
bonk'/bank; bonk/ v 1 [T] infml to hit, usually not very hard
【非正式】敲，碰，撞：He bonked me on the head with the end
of the ladder. 他用梯子的一端撞了我的头。2 [I(AWAY);T]BrE
slang to have sex(with)【英俚】（与·. ·）性交
bonkn 1 infml an act of hitting someone; hit【非正式】碰撞
2 BrE slang humor an act of having sex【英俚，幽】性交
bonk. bust. er /`bank bast; 'bonk baste/ n infml humor a
novel which includes a lot of sex and which is very popular
and makes a lot of money【非正式，幽】畅销的淫秽小说 - com-
pare 比较 BLOCKBUSTER
bon. kers /`bankaz; 'bonkez/ adj [F] BrE slang humor mad
【英俚，幽】疯的：The noise is driving me bonkers! 那吵闹声简
直要使我发疯了！
bon mot /b3 `mo; bon 'meu/ n bons mots /`b3 `moz; bon
'meuz/ Fr a clever saying or remark【法】隽语，机智的妙语
Bonn /ban; bon/ the capital city of the Federal Republic of Ger-
many from 1949 until 1990波恩〔1949年至1990年间为德意
志联邦共和国首都〕
bon-net /`banit; 'bont/ n 1 a round head-covering tied under
the chin, and often with a BRIM(=a piece in front) that shades
the face, worn by babies and, especially in former times, by
0179
women〔尤指昔时妇女用的，在颏下有带子帽前有宽边的〕包头软
帽 2 BrE【英】‖ hood AmE【美】- a metal lid over the front of
a car 汽车引擎盖； to look under the bonnet 在引擎盖下查看 3
a soft flat cap worn by men, especially soldiers, in Scotland
〔苏格兰男子，尤指军人戴的〕无边软帽 — see also 另见 bee in
one's bonnet (BEE)
Bon-nie and Clyde / bani end `klaid; boni end 'klaid/ two
young criminals, Bonnie Parker (a woman) and Clyde Barrow
(a man), who stole money from banks and businesses in the
US in the 1930s. A popular film was made about them in 1967. 
邦尼和克莱德，雌雄大盗〔即两名年轻的罪犯邦尼·帕克（女）和克
莱德·巴洛（男）。20世纪30年代，他们从美国的银行、公司里偷
钱。1967年他们的故事被搬上银幕，影片广受欢迎〕
Bon-nie Prince Char. lie /. . / (1720-1788) the popular name
of Charles Edward Stuart, sometimes also called the Young
Pretender. He was the grandson of King James II, and be-
lieved he had the right to be the British king instead of King
George II. He led the second JACOBITE RISING against the king
in 1745-46， but was defeated at the Battle of CULLODEN. After
this he escaped to the island of Skye with the help of a woman
called Flora Macdonald. He is regarded as a very romantic
character, and there are many Scottish stories and songs about
him. 英俊的查理王子〔(1720-1788)，查尔斯·爱德华·斯图尔特
的别称，有时也被称为小王位觊觎者。他是国王詹姆斯二世的孙
子，认为自己有权取代国王乔治二世成为英国国王。1745年至
1746年他领导了第二次詹姆斯党人叛乱，但在卡洛登战役中战败。
之后，他在一位名叫弗洛拉·麦克唐纳的女士的帮助下逃往斯凯岛。
在人们印象中他是个多情种，苏格兰有许多关于他的传说和歌
曲) — see also 另见 STUART, JAMES EDWARD
bon·ny /`bani; 'boni/ adjapprec, especially ScotE【褒，尤苏格
兰】1 pretty and healthy健美的：a bonny baby健康可爱的婴儿
2 [Al fine or skilful 优良的；技术熟练的； a bonny fighter 技术
高超的拳击手 - -nily adv
bon·sai/`bansai; 'bonsai/ n bonsai [C; U] (the art of growing)
a plant in a small pot that is prevented from reaching its natu. 
ral size, especially a tree 盆景，盆栽（艺术）
bo. nus /`bones; 'beunes/ n 1 an additional payment beyond
what is usual, necessary, or expected, such as a share of the
profits paid to those who work for a business 奖金；红利；特别
津贴：The staff got a Christmas bonus/a productivity bonus
员工在圣诞节得到了奖金；员工得到了生产奖金。| a cost of liy-
ing bonus paid to workers because of rising prices 因物价上
涨而发给工人的生活津贴|A no-claims bonus(BrE英) is a
reduction allowed in the cost of motor insurance when no
claim has been made during previous years, 未索赔鼓励金是
一种汽车保险优惠，即近年未曾索偿者可酌情少交保险费。2
[usually sing. 一般用单数] infml anything pleasant in addition
to what is expected【非正式】额外令人高兴的事情：We like our
new house, and it's a real bonus that my mother lives so near
我们喜欢我们的新房子，特别使我高兴的是母亲住得也很近
bon vi·vant /bon vi`va;bon vi:'vont/ also又作 bon viv·eur
/-viv3; -vi:'v3:/ especially BrE【尤英】— n a person who likes
good wine and food and cheerful companions 讲究饮食和生活
的人，享乐主义者
bon. y /`boni; 'beuni/ adj 1 very thin so that the bones can be
seen 很瘦的，瘦得皮包骨的：her bony hand 她那瘦骨如柴的手
2 (of food) full of bones〔食物〕多骨的； bony fish 多刺的鱼
bon. zer /`bonze; 'bonze'/ adj AustrE old-fash slang good; nice;
fine【澳，过时，俚】极好的，上等的，美好的：a bonzer new car
辆漂亮的新车
boo1/bu; bu:/ interj, n boos 1 a shout of disapproval or strong
disagreement 〔表示强烈反对的〕嘘声：A loud boo came from
the back of the hall. 从大厅后面传来不满的嘘声。2 (a word
usually shouted very suddenly at someone, often a child, to
give them a sudden fright 小孩子惊吓别人时发出的声音)：Boo!
Scared you! 喂!你吓坏了吧! 3 can't/couldr't say boo to a
goose infml to be easily frightened; lack courage【非正式】非
常胆小
boo2v [I; T] to express disapproval (of) or strong disagreement
(with), especially by shouting ‘boo’发嘘声以示反对：The crowd
booed (the speaker). 人群 （向演讲者）发出嘘声。| They booed
him off the stage. 他们发出嘘声把他哄下了台。| The audience
started booing and hissing when the actor forgot his lines
当那位演员忘了台词时，观众开始喝倒彩
boob' /bub; bu:b/ especially BrE【尤英】‖ boo-boo /`bubu;
'bu:bu:/ especially AmE【尤美】— n infml a silly mistake【非
正式】愚蠢的大错
boob2v infml, especially BrE [I] to make a silly mistake【非正
式，尤英】出错：I've boobed again. 我又出了一次大错
boobs /bubz; bu:bz/ n [P] infml a woman's breasts【非正式】
〔妇女的〕乳房，奶子
boob tube /'/ n 1 infml a woman's short garment for the
upper body made of stretchy material【非正式】女子弹力短上
衣 2 [the] AmE humor infml television【美，幽，非正式】电视机
boo·by /`bubi; 'bu:bi/ also 又作 boob AmE【美】- n infml a
foolish person【非正式】傻瓜，蠢材
booby hatch /'·/ n slang, especially AmE for【俚，尤美】=
MENTAL HOSPITAL
booby prize /'. /n a prize given (often as a joke) for the worst
performance in a competition〔常指出于善意的玩笑而发给的〕
末名奖
booby trap /'. /n 1 a hidden bomb which explodes when a
harmless-looking object is touched 伪装地雷[炸弹]，饵雷 2 any
harmless trap used for surprising someone, especially as a joke
〔目的在吓人一跳，开玩笑的〕机关，陷阱，恶作剧的把戏：Heput
a bag of flour on top of the door as a booby trap. 他把一袋面
粉放在门上，搞了个恶作剧的把戏。- booby-trap ν[T] -pp-
boog·er /`bug; 'buge/ n AmE infml【美，非正式】1 a word used
by or about children, to describe someone who has done some-
thing bad or annoying 坏蛋；讨厌鬼〔儿语或指小孩子)：Come
back here, you little booger! 回来，你这个小坏蛋！ 2 a piece of
the soft sticky substance that develops in your nose 鼻涕
boo. gey. man /`bugimaen; 'bu:gimaen/ n -men /-men; -men/
see 参见 BOGEY(1)
boo. gie /`bugi; 'bu:gi/ v especially AmE to dance to boogie-
woogie music or to ROCK or similar music【尤美】随着〔布吉伍
吉音乐、摇滚乐等类似的〕乐曲起舞
boogie board /'. / n a short board similar to a SURFBOARD
which people lie on to ride on the waves in the sea 卧式冲浪板
- boogie boarding n [U]: Sue and I went boogie boarding
in Honolulu. 我和苏在火奴鲁鲁玩卧式冲浪
boo. gie-woo. gie /bugi`wugi;bu:gi 'wu:gi/ n [U] a style of
BLUES(1) piano plaving, with the left hand continuously re-
peating the same phrase while the right hand provides the tune
or MELODY(2)布吉伍吉音乐（风格）（布鲁斯音乐的一种钢琴演
奏风格，演奏者左手不断重复同一乐句，右手弹出主旋律〕
boo. hoo /bu `hu: bu: 'hu:/ interi (a word meant to be like the
sound of loud childish crying 〔似孩子大声哭闹的拟声词〕呜呜
boo-hoo v [I]
*book'/buk; buk/ n 1 (a written work in the form of) a set of
printed pages fastened together inside a cover, as a thing to be
read 书，书籍：She's writing a book on/about her travels in
China. 她正在撰写一本有关她在中国旅行的书。| They bought
me a book for my birthday. 他们买了一本书给我做生日礼物，
Have you read that book yet?你读了那本书没有？ | This book
was first published in 1978. 此书首次出版于 1978 年。| a his-
tory book 一本历史书 | a book of poems 一本诗集 | Jane
Austen's 'Persuasion'is one of the set books for this year's
English exam. 简·奥斯汀的《劝导》是今年英语考试规定阅读的
书之一。2 a set of sheets of paper fastened together inside a
cover, as a thing to be written in 簿，本，册：an exercise book
练习本| a rent book (=in which a record of rent payments is
kept) 租金簿 | an autograph book 签名册 3 any collection of
things fastened together, especially one with its own covers装
订成册并有封皮之物：a book of stamps/tickets/matches 集邮
册；一本票簿；一包纸板火柴| a cheque book 支票簿 4 one of
the main divisions of a larger written work, such as a long
poem or the Bible 〔长诗或《圣经》的〕卷，篇 5 the words of a
light musical play〔轻歌剧的)歌词，脚本 — compare 比较 LI-
BRETTO 6 according to/by the book according to the estab. 
lished rules rather than using your own ideas or methods 按规
矩，照规章：It's safer to go by the book/to do everything strictly
by the book. 按规则办事更为保险；一切事情都严守规章制度更
为稳妥。7 bring someone to book to force someone to give
an explanation, or to be punished〔为某事〕要求某人解释：处罚，
斥责：He was finally brought to book for fiddling the accounts. 
他因在账目上做手脚，最终受到了惩罚。8 in one's book accord
ing to your own opinion or way of doing things 按照个人的观
点：In my book this is not the way to handle it. 依我看，这不是
处理此事的办法。9 make (a) book on to offer to receive and
pay out money on the results of a competition or a race 〔尤指
赛马〕收赌注并派发中奖彩金 — see also另见 BOOKS, CLOSED
BOOK, COFFEE-TABLE BOOK, GOOD BOOK, throw the book at
(THROW'(24) 10 one for the books AmE infml an unusual
event【美，非正式】不寻常的事：John's cleaned his room -
that's one for the books! 约翰把自己的房间打扫过了 -- 那真
难得！ 11 read someone like a book to be able to understand
exactly what someone is thinking or feeling 〔对某人的思想、情
感)完全理解：A good employer is so consistent you can read
him like a book. 好的雇主始终如一，你完全能理解他的思想。
0180
I know Bob was upset- I can read him like a book. 我知道鲍
勃生气了——我完全能理解他的感受
book2v [I: T (UP)] to arrange in advance to have (something):
RESERVE 预订，预约，订票：to book seats on a planela table in
a restaurant 订飞机票；预订餐馆的座位 | I'm afraid these seats
are already booked. 对不起, 这些座位都有人订了。| You'll
have to book (up) well in advance if you want to see that show
要想看那场演出，你得提前很久预订座位。| She booked a band
to play at the reception. 她为招待会预约了一支乐队来演奏。|
He was booked on the early flight (had a seat booked on it)
but had to go later because of a problem at the office. 他在早
班飞机上预订了座位，但因办公室有事情不得不推迟走。2[T]
infml to enter charges against, especially in the police records
【非正式】〔尤指警察〕把··记录在案：She was booked on 
charge of speeding. 她因超速行车被警方记名。3 [T] to write
the name of (a RUGBY or football player) in a book for break-
ing the rules 因犯规而给〔橄榄球或足球队员〕记名警告：The ref
eree booked both players. 裁判给两位球员都罚了记名警告
book in phr v 1 [T (=book sbdy. in)] to book a room for
(oneself or someone else) at a hotel 为··预订旅馆房间：I've
booked you in at the Grand Hotel. 我已为你在格兰德旅馆订了
房间。2 [I] to report your arrival at a hotel desk, an airport etc:
CHECK in〔到达旅馆、机场后〕办理登记手续：We booked in at 3
o'clock. 我们3点钟办理了登记手续。
book sthg.  up phr v [T usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to
keep (all the seats, rooms in a hotel, service etc) for people
who have made arrangements in advance 把··预订一空，订满
I'm sorry, the hotel is (fully) booked up. 真抱歉，旅馆 （的房
间)已全部被预订了。| That singer is always booked up for a
year ahead. 那位歌星总是提前一年就订满演出合同。
book·a·ble /`bukebl: 'bukebal/ adi that can be booked in ad-
vance 可预订的：All seats for the show are bookable. 演出的
所有座位都可预订。
book. bind·ing /`buk, baindin; 'buk, baindin/ n [U] the art of
fastening the pages of books together and enclosing them in
covers〔书籍的〕装订，装订术[业] - -er n
book-case /`buk kes; 'buk-keis/ n a piece of furniture contain. 
ing shelves to hold books 书架，书柜
book club /'/ n a club that offers books cheaply to its members
〔廉价卖书给会员的〕（读）书会；读书俱乐部
book·end /`buk, nd; 'bukend/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] ei. 
ther of a pair of supports to hold up a row of books书挡，书靠
Book-er Prize, the /`buke praiz; 'buke praiz/ n an important
prize given every year for the best novel in English written by
a citizen of the UK or the British COMMONWEALTH 布克奖 〔-
年一度英国或英联邦公民撰写的最优秀英语小说奖)：Booket
Prize-winning author Roddy Doyle 荣获布克奖的小说作者罗
迪·多伊尔 — compare 比较 PULITZER PRIZE
book·ie /`buki; 'buki/ n infml a BOOKMAKER【非正式】马票商
book·ing /`bukin; 'bokin/ n [C; U] 1 a case or the act of mak
ing a formal arrangement or promise to give a performance
provide a service etc 预约；登记；演出契约：She has bookings
for several concerts. 她签定了几个音乐会的演出合同。2 espe-
cially BrE a case or the act of booking a seat, hotel room etc
RESERVATION【尤英】预订：All bookings must be made by post
所有预订都必须通过邮寄进行办理。| She bought a ticket at
the booking office/from the booking clerk. 她在订票处[向订
票员]订购了一张票。3 a case or the act of booking (BOOK2 (2
3))违章事件[犯规]的记录：There were five bookings in the
match. 那场比赛有五次记名警告。
book·ish /`bukif; 'bukif/ adj often derog【常贬】1 fond of books
and readings; STUDIOUS 嗜书的；好读书的；喜欢学习的 2 show
ing more interest in ideas from books than in practical experi-
ence 学究气的，书呆子的 — ~ness n [U]
book. keep·ing /buk kipin; 'buk ki:pin/ n [U] the act or skill
of keeping the accounts of a business company or other organ
ization 记账，簿记，管账 - -er n
book-let /`buklit; 'buklt/ n a small book, usually with a paper
cover; PAMPHLET 小册子：I picked up a free booklet on tooth
care at the dentist's. 我在牙医那里拿了一本关于牙齿保健的免
费小册子。
book·mak·er /`buk, meke; 'buk, meike/ especially BrE【尤英】
also 又作 book·ie infml【非正式】， turf accountant BrE fml
【英，正式】- n a person whose job is to take money(BETS)
risked on the results of competitions, especially horse races
〔尤指赛马〕马票商，经营（赛马）赌注登记者
book·mark /`'bukmark; 'bukma:k/ also 又作 book·mark·er /`buk. 
marke; 'bukma:ke/-n something, such as a piece of RIB-
BON or leather, put between the pages of a book to mark a
place in it 书签
book. mo. bile /`bukme bil; 'bukmebi:l/ n AmE for【美】=MO-
BILE LIBRARY
Book of Com-mon Prayer, The /. . . '/ a book used ir
Church of England and Episcopal churches, which contains
the words spoken by the priest and by the people in church at
weekly services and at weddings, funerals etc《英国国教祈祷
书》〔英国教会和英国圣公会使用的祈祷书，载有在教堂内举行的
每周礼拜仪式、婚礼、葬礼上牧师和信徒的祷词〕
book. plate /buk plet; 'bukpleit/ n an often decorative piece
of paper stuck in a book to show who owns it 〔贴在书中的〕藏
书者标签
books /buks; buks/ n [P] 1 written records of business accounts
names etc 账目，账簿，会计簿；名册：Their books show a profit. 
他们的账目上显示出有盈利。|He was sacked for cooking the
books. (=stealing money by making changes in the accounts)
他因做假账偷钱而被解雇。2 in someone's good/bad books
infml in favour/disfavour with someone【非正式】得到[得不到]
某人的欢心
book-sell-er /`buk sela; 'buk, sele/ n a person who sells books
to the public 书商
book·shop /`buk fap; 'bukfop/ especially BrE【尤英】|book. 
store /-stor; -sto:/ especially AmE【尤美】- n a shop where
books are sold 书店 — compare 比较 LIBRARY (1)
book·stall /`bukstol; 'buksto:l/ n a table or small shop open at
the front, where books, magazines etc are shown for sale书报
摊，书亭
book to. ken /'·/ n BrE a gift card for a certain value that can
be exchanged for books at a bookshop【英】〔可到书店用来兑换
书刊的)购书券，书券：af5 book token 一张价值五英镑的购书
券
book. worm /`buk, w3m; 'bukw3:m/ n a person who is very
fond, perhaps too fond, of reading and study 极爱读书的人，书
虫，书呆子
Boo. le. an op. e. ra. tor /bulien `aperete; 'bu:lien 'opereite/
a word used in searching for information by means of a com-
puter PROGRAM. Boolean operators include words like 'and'. 
'or', and 'not', and they help you to be more specific about
what you are searching for. 布尔运算符，逻辑运算子
boomi /bum; bu:m/ v1 [I; T (OUT)] to make (with) a deep
hollow sound 发低沉声，隆隆作响：The guns boomed. 大炮隆
隆作响。| a loud booming voice 宏亮而低沉的嗓音 | The fog-
horn boomed out ts warning. 雾号发出呜呜的警报声。 2 [I] o
grow rapidly in activity, value, or importance 激增，猛涨，兴
隆：Business is booming, 生意日趋繁荣。
boom2n 1 a booming sound or cry 隆隆声，叫喊声：The new
aircraft creates a sonic boom. 那种新飞机会产生声震[音爆]。
2 a (period of) rapid growth or increase 繁荣（时期），迅速增长
(期)，景气：There's been a boom in exports this year. 今年的出
口激增。| the post-war baby boom 战后的婴儿出生高峰期|
The big tax cuts fuelled a consumer boom. 税额的大削减刺激
了消费的迅速增长。|a boom town(=where wealth and popu-
lation are growing very fast)(兴旺起来的)新兴城市
boom3 n 1 a long pole a on a boat, to which a sail is fastened帆
的下桁，帆杆 b used as part of an apparatus for loading and
unloading 〔装卸货物时用的)吊杆，起重臂 c on the end of which
a camera or MICROPHONE can be moved about, (一端可挂上照
相机或麦克风的)活动支架，吊杆 2 a heavy chain fixed across a
river to stop things (especially logs) floating down or prevent
ships sailing up〔横拦于河面阻挡船只，尤指防止原木等漂走的)
粗铁索挡栅
boom box /' ·/ n AmE infml a GHETTO BLASTER【美，非正式】
手提录音机
boo·mer·ang1/bume, raen; 'bu:meraen/ n a curved stick which
makes a circle and comes back when thrown, used by Austra-
lian ABORIGINES as a hunting weapon 〔澳大利亚土著居民用以
捕猎，抛出后可飞回的〕飞去来镖，回飞棒
boomerang2v [I (on)] (of a plan) to cause sudden unexpected
harm to the person who made it; have the opposite result to
what was intended; BACKFIRE〔计划〕起反作用，自作自受，自食
其果：His plan to reduce the number of workers boomeranged
(on him), and he lost his own job. 他建议裁减工人的计划伤及
了他自己，使他也丢了工作
boon /bun; bu:n/ n 1 [usually sing. 一般用单数] fml something
very helpful or useful【正式】裨益，恩物，有用之物：The radio
is a great boon to the blind. 收音机对盲人来说是极有用的东
西。2 old use a favour【旧】恩惠：to ask a boon of someone 请
求某人赐惠
boon com·pan·ion /·'·/n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a good
close friend 好友，挚友
boon·docks /`bun daks; 'bu:ndpks/ also又作 boo·nies /`buniz:
0181
bu:niz/ n [the+P] AmE infml humor a rough country area far
from any town, where few people live【美，非正式，幽】偏僻乡
村，荒僻的地方
boon·dog·gle /`bun. dagel; 'bu:n. dpgal/ n [S] AmE infml an
officially organized plan or activity that is very complicated
and wastes a lot of time, money, and effort【美，非正式】庞大而
浪费的计划[活动]
Boone /bun; bu:n/, Daniel (1734-1820) one of the first white
Americans to go to Kentucky, where he started to build a town, 
so that other people could start living there. In pictures he is
usually shown wearing a hat made of RACCOON skin. 布恩
〔(1734-1820)，最早进入肯塔基州的美国白人之一，在那里他建立
了一个小镇, 因而其他人可以开始生活, 图画上他常头戴浣熊皮帽
boor /bur: bue/ n a rude insensitive person, especially a man
粗鲁的人，没礼貌的人〔尤指男子〕 — ~ish adj — ~ishly adv -
~ishness n [U]: She was revolted by his utter boorishness. 他
那种十足的粗俗举止使她很反感
boost1/bust; bu:st/ v [T] 1 [(UP)] to lift by pushing up from
below 向上推起，提升：If you boost me up, I can just reach the
window. 假如你托我一把，我正好可以够到窗户。2 to increase:
raise 增加，提高：These changes will help to boost share prices/
profits/demand. 这些变化将有助于提高股票价格[利润；需求
量]。| plans to boost production by 30% next year 来年增产
30%的计划 3 to help to advance or improve; encourage 促进：
改善；激励：We need a holiday to boost our spirits. 我们需要
休假以激励士气。| She's always trying to boost his ego by
telling him how clever he is. 她总夸奖他是多么聪明，试图以此
增强他的自信心。4 infml, especially AmE to help or favour
the interests of, especially by speech and writing; PLUG2 (2)
【非正式，尤美】吹捧，大肆宣传，宣扬：a special promotion to
boost their new product 为推销他们的新产品而专门展开的宣
传活动
boost2n [usually sing. 一般用单数] 1 a push upwards 推起 2 an
increase or improvement 增加，改进：This has given share
prices a big boost, 这已使股票价格大大提高。 3 an act that
brings help or encouragement 促进，激励：That holiday has
given her spirits a boost. 那次休假大大振奋了她的精神。| an
ego-boost自我激励
boost·er /`buste: 'bu:ster/n 1 a person or machine that boosts
推动者，热心的拥护者；推进器：升压机；放大器：When the boost-
ers have helped to lift a space station into orbit, they sepa. 
rate from it and return to Earth. 助推火箭把太空站推入轨道
后，就自行脱落返回地球。2 an additional amount of a drug, to
strengthen the effect of some of the same drug that was given
earlier〔增强药效的)附加剂量，加强剂：This injection will pro-
tect you against the disease, but after six months you'll need
a booster. 这种注射剂可以防止你得那种病，但半年后需要再注
射以增强药力。3 infml, especially AmE a person who is very
much in favour of something or someone【非正式，尤美】热心
支持者
*boot1 /but; bu:t/ n 1 [C usually pl. 一般用复数] a covering of
leather or rubber for the foot and ankle, usually heavier and
thicker than a shoe 长统靴子，高腰鞋：He laced up his boots
他系紧靴子的带子。| army boots 军用靴子 | a pair of foot-
ball boots 一双足球靴 — see also 另见 WELLINGTON 2 [C]
BrE【英】‖ trunk AmE【美】- an enclosed space at the back
of a car for bags and boxes 〔汽车后部的〕行李箱 3 [C usually
sing. 一般用单数] infml a kick with the foot【非正式】用脚一踢
4 [the] slang the taking away of someone's job by an employer:
DISMISSAL; SACK`(2)【俚】解雇，革职，开除：They gave her the
boot for continually being late. 他们因她连续迟到而把她解雇
了。[ She got the boot. 她被开除了。5 put the boot in slang, 
especially BrE to kick someone hard, usually when they are
already on the ground【俚，尤英】〔对已倒地的人〕猛踢 6 the
boot is on the other foot infml the situation has changed to
the opposite of what it was before【非正式】局势逆转 — see
also 另见 BOOTS, too big for your boots (BIG), die with your
boots on (DIE1)
boot2v [T+obj+adv/prep] infml【非正式】1 to kick 踢：He booted
the ball across the field. 他把球踢到场地的另一头。2 [T] AmE
for【美】= CLAMP2(2): Watch out! They're booting cars today
当心！他们今天锁扣违章停放的车辆！
boot sbdy.  out phr v [T] infml to send away rudely and
sometimes with force, especially from a job【非正式】赶走；开
除：They booted him out for being drunk at work. 他们把他解
雇了，因为他工作时喝醉了酒。
boot3n tech the action of loading an OPERATING SYSTEM for a
computer from a DISK into the computer's memory【术语】〔电
脑的〕引导启动程序〔将整个操作系统自磁盘载入存储器的做
法〕- boot ν[T(UP)]
boot4n to boot old use or humor (often of something
unpleasant) besides; in addition【旧或幽】并且，加之〔常指令人
不快的事)：He is dishonest, and a coward to boot. 他不诚实，
而且还是个胆小鬼。
boot·black /`but blaek; 'bu:tblaek/ n becoming rare a person
who cleans and polishes shoes, especially in the street for
money【渐罕】〔尤指街头的〕擦鞋者
boot camp /'/ n a training camp for people who have just
joined the US navy, army, or Marine Corps〔美国海、陆军或海
军陆战队的〕新兵训练营
boot. ed /`butid; 'bu:td/ adj having boots of a stated type 穿靴
的：black-booted soldiers 穿黑皮靴的士兵
boot·ee /bu`ti; 'bu:ti:/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a baby's
woollen boot 婴儿毛绒鞋
booth /bu0; bu:/ n 1 (at a market or FAIR3) a tent or small
building where goods are sold or games are played〔市场或展
销会上的〕售货棚，摊位，摊档 2 a small enclosed place for one
person 〔围起供一人使用的〕小间：a telephone booth 电话亭|
a voting booth 投票站里的圈票处 | a listening booth in a
record shop唱片商店的试听间 3 a partly enclosec place in a
restaurant with a table between two long seats〔餐馆内的)火车
座，卡位，雅座
Booth /bu0; bu:0/, John Wilkes /d3an wilks; d3on wilks/
(1838-1865) the man who shot and killed US President
Abraham Lincoln布思〔(1838-1865)，枪杀美国总统亚伯拉罕
林肯的凶手〕
Booth, William(1829-1912) a British religious leader who
started the SALVATION ARMY布思〔(1829-1912)，英国宗教领
袖，曾创立“救世军”组织〕
Booth-royd /bu0roid; 'bu:0roid/, Bet·ty /bati; 'beti/ (1929-)a
British politician who was a Member of Parliament for the
Labour Party for many years, and then in 1992 became the
SPEAKER(=the person responsible for controlling discussions)
of the House of Commons. She was the first woman to have
this job, and was famous for keeping control of the House, 
where most of the members are men. 布思罗伊德〔(1929-)，
英国政治家，曾任工党议员多年，1992年成为下议院首位女议长，
并因管理以男议员为主的议会而闻名〕
boot-lace /`but les; 'bu:tleis/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a LACE
(2)for boots靴带，鞋带
boot-leg /`but lag; 'bu:tleg/ v-gg- [I; T] to make, carry, or sell
(especially alcoholic drink) illegally. In the US, bootlegging
is often connected with the time of PROHIBITION(1920-1933), 
when alcohol was forbidden except for medicinal or religious
purposes. 非法私酿[运卖]〔尤指酒。在美国，非法私酿酒通常与
禁酒时期(1920-1933)有关，当时酒除了作为药用或宗教用途外
一律禁止) - bootleg adj: bootleg records/whisky 走私的唱片
[威士忌酒] — ~ger n
boot. less /butlis; 'bu:tles/ adj lit bringing no advantage/useless
【文】无益的，无用的：bootless care 无用的照顾
boots /buts; bu:ts/ n boots BrE old use a male hotel servant
who cleans shoes and carries bags【英，旧】〔旅馆中擦鞋及搬运
行李的〕男杂役
Boots trademark a British shop in almost every town in the
UK, where you can buy medicines, soap, MAKEUP etc and have
photographic film made into photographs. 【商标】布茨药店〔几
乎遍及英国各镇的药房连锁店，经营药品、肥皂、化妆品等，也提供
胶卷冲印服务〕
boot sale /' ·/ BrE【英】also 又作 boot fair, car boot sale BrE
【英】‖ garage sale or yard sale AmE【美】- n a sale in a car
park, school, or other open space, where a number of people
sell things, especially SECOND-HAND things, from the BOOTS
of their cars. In the US, garage or yard sales are held in and
around the garage or YARD (=garden) of the seller. 旧货出售：
宅前出售，清宅旧货出售〔指在停车场、学校或其他露天场所，人们
把货品，尤其是二手货陈列在车后行李箱内出售的一种形式。在美
国，人们在自家的车库、院内或附近进行清宅旧货出售】
boot·straps /`but straeps; 'bu:tstraeps/ n haul/pull yourself up
by your own bootstraps infml improve yourself or your situ-
ation by your own efforts, without help from anyone else【非
正式】靠自己的努力改善境遇
boot·y /`buti; 'bu:ti/ n [U] especially lit goods stolen by thieves
or taken by a victorious army【尤文】赃物；战利品：to share out
divide up the booty 分赃；分战利品
booze'/buz; bu:z/ v [I] slang to drink alcohol, especially too
much alcohol【俚】饮酒；狂饮：He's out boozing with his friends
他在外边跟朋友痛饮
booze2n [U] slang alcoholic drink【俚】酒
booz·er /`buze; 'bu:ze/ n slang【俚】1 a person who boozes
often 豪饮者，酒徒，酒鬼 2 BrE a PUB【英】酒馆
0182
booze-up /'/ n BrE slang an occasion, e. g. a party, when a lot
of alcohol is drunk【英俚】狂饮作乐的聚会
booz. y /`buzi; 'bu:zi/ adj showing signs of heavy drinking of
alcohol 酒醉的，暴饮的：a boozy party/old man 狂饮的聚会；醉
醺醺的老人 - -ily ady - -iness n [U]
bop1 /bap; bop/ v-pp- [T] infml to hit with the hand or some-
thing held in the hand【非正式】〔用手或手中之物〕打，揍 - bop
n: a bop on the head 打在头上的一击
bop2v-pp- [I] infml, especially BrE to dance in an informal
way, especially to popular music in a DISCO【非正式，尤英】〔尤
指随着流行音乐在迪斯科舞厅里)随便地跳舞：bopping(around)
to the latest hits 随着最新的流行乐曲跳舞 - bop n: Shall we
have a bop?我们跳个舞好吗？
bop3 also 又作 bebop -n [U] a type of JAZZ music developed
in the 1940s, which typically has difficult instrumental parts
and complicated RHYTHMS 博普爵士音乐〔发展于20世纪40年
代，主要特征是演奏难度大、节奏复杂〕
Bo Peep /bo `pip; beu 'pi:p/ — see 参见 LITTLE BO PEEP
Bor-deaux /bor`do; bo:'deu/ n [C; U] 1 a red or white wine
from the Bordeaux area of SW France. Some of the most ex-
pensive red wines in the world come from this area. 波尔多葡
萄酒〔指法国西南波尔多地区所产的红葡萄酒或白葡萄酒，部分世
界上最昂贵的红葡萄酒即产于该地区)2 a port and a city in SW
France, famous for its wine and good food 波尔多〔法国西南部
一港口城市，以葡萄酒和美食著称〕
bor-del. lo /bor`delo; bo:'deleu/ n-los especially lit a BROTHEL
【尤文】妓院
Bor·den /`bordn; 'bo:dn/, Liz. zie /`lizi; 'lizi/ (1860-1927) a US
woman who, many people believed, killed her father and his
new wife with an AXE in 1892 博登〔(1860-1927)，美国一女
子，据信她于1892年用斧头砍死了父亲及后母
*bor. der1 /borde; 'bo:de/ n 1 an edge running around or along
something, often having a decorative purpose〔常起装饰作用
的)边，边饰：a white handkerchief with a blue border 一块带
蓝色花边的白手帕| a border of flowers round the lawn 草坪
四周的花坛 2 [(between, with)](land near) the dividing line
between two countries 国界，边境，边界：soldiers guarding the
border守卫边界的士兵 | to cross the border into spair 越过
边界进入西班牙| within our borders 在我们的国境以内| a
town in eastern France, near the border with Germany 位于
法国东部，靠近德国边界的市镇| a border town/arealdispute
边境城镇[地区；纠纷] 3 north of the border BrE in Scotland
【英】在苏格兰：Let's now look at the election campaign north
of the border. 现在我们来看看苏格兰的竞选活动
*border2v [T] 1 to form a border to 形成··的边界，毗邻：fields
bordered by woods 毗邻树林的田地 2 to share a borde with
与·接壤：France borders Germany along parts of the Rhine. 
法国沿莱茵河部分河段与德国接壤。3[(with)] to provide with
a border, especially for decoration〔尤指装饰〕在·上加边，给·. 
镶边：to border a skirt with lace 给裙子镶上花边
border on/upon sthg. phr v [T] to be very much like; VERGE
on 近似，接近：strange behaviour that borders on madness 近
乎疯狂的古怪行为
bor-der·land /`borde-laend; 'bo:delaend/ n 1 [C] land at or near
the border of two countries 边境地带 2 [S] a condition be
tween two other conditions and like each of them in certain
ways 介乎于两种状况之间的状态：边缘状态：the borderland
between sleeping and waking半睡半醒的朦胧状态
bor·der·line /`borda lain; 'bo:delain/n [(between)] 1 [C usu. 
ally sing. 一般用单数](a line marking) a border 分界线，边界
国境线：the borderline between France and Germany on the
map 地图上法国与德国的国境线 2 [S] an uncertain dividing
line between two (opposite) conditions 介于两种不同情况之间
的不明确界线；暖昧状况，含混的情景：the borderline between
genius and madness/between passing and failing the exam
介乎于天才与疯狂之间的状态；处于考试及格与不及格之间| Ann
will certainly pass the exam, but Susan is a borderline case. 
(=may or may not pass)安考试肯定会及格，但苏珊的情况就难
说了。
Bor·ders, the /`bordaz: 'bo:dez/ [P] an area in Scotland close
to the border with England, known for its low hills 博德斯〔苏
格兰邻近英格兰边境的一个地区，以其丘陵著称
bore1 /bor; bo:/ past tense of BEAR2
bore2n 1 [C] derog a dull uninteresting person whom other
people quickly become tired of, especially one who talks con-
tinually or repeatedly in an uninteresting way【贬】〔尤指以无
聊的长话)令人厌烦的人：She's become an awful bore since
she got married to him. 她自从与他结婚后，就变得令人厌烦极
了。| Don't mention computer -- he's a real bore on the
subject. 别提电脑的事，他一谈起这个就没完没了，真是烦死人。
a crashing bore 非常惹人厌烦的人 2 [S] infml, especially BrE
something which is rather unpleasant or annoying; NUISANCE
【非正式，尤英】使人讨厌的事物：It's a bore having to go out
again on a cold night like this. 在这么冷的夜晚还要再出去，真
讨厌。
bore3 v[T] to make (someone) tired or uninterested, especially
by continual dull talk （尤指以无聊的长话）使 （人）厌烦：He bored
us all by talking for hours about his new car. 他连续几个钟头
大谈他的新车，使我们大家都感到厌烦。|(slang 俚)That guy
really bores the pants off me. 那家伙真使我讨厌透了。
bore4v [I+adv/prep; T] to make a round hole or passage (in
something)钻（孔），开凿，挖（洞）：This machine can bor
through solid rock. 这种机器能钻透坚硬的岩石。| Worms have
borec into the wood. 虫子已蛀穿了木料。| to bore a holela
well 打孔；钻井 | (fig. 喻) to bore one's way through a crowd
of people 在人群中挤出一条路来
bore5 n 1 (often in comb. 常构成复合词) a measurement of the
size of a hole, especially of the width of the inside of a gun
barrel or pipe〔尤指枪炮或管子的〕口径，内径：a 12-bore shot-
gun 12口径的猎枪 | a small-bore rifle 小口径步枪 2 also又
作 borehole - a hole made by boring, especially for oil, wa-
ter etc〔尤指油井、水井的〕钻孔，井眼
bore6 n a very large wave caused by a movement of the sea
running up a narrow river〔海水进入狭窄河域引起的〕激潮，涌
潮：a tidal bore 潮浪
bored /bord; bo:d/ adj [(with)] tired and uninterested 厌烦的，
不感兴趣的：She's bored with her job. 她对自己的工作不感兴
趣。| a bored expression on her face 她脸上的厌烦表情 | I
was bored stiff/bored to death/bored to tears by their trivial
conversation. 我对他们那无聊的对话厌烦得要死。
bore·dom /`bordem; 'bo:dem/ n [U] the state of being bored厌
倦，厌烦：She made no attempt to conceal her boredom. 她并
不想掩饰自己的厌倦。
bore·hole /`bor hol; 'bo:heul/ n a BORE5 (2)钻孔，井眼
bor. er /`bore; 'bo:re/ n a person, tool, or insect that makes round
holes 钻孔的人；钻孔器；蛀虫
Borg /borg; bo:g/, Bjorn /bjorn; bjo:n/ (1956-) a Swedish ten-
nis player who won the men's SINGLES (=when one man plays
against another man) competition at Wimbledon every year
for five years, from 1976 to 1980波格〔(1956-)，瑞典网球运
动员，1976年至1980年间连续5次荣获温布尔登网球赛男子单
打冠军〕
Bor. ges /`borhes; 'bo:hes/, Jor. ge Lu. is /horhe lu`is; 'ho:her
lu'i:s/(1899-1986) an Argentinian poet and writer of short
stories. He is known for his imaginative style of MAGIC REA
LISM (=a type of literature in which impossible events are de-
scribed as if they are real)博尔赫斯〔(1899-1986)，阿根廷诗
人和短篇小说家，以富有想像力的魔幻现实主义风格闻名〕
Bor. gias, the /bord3iez; 'bo:d3iez/ a powerful wealthy Italiar
family in the 15th and early 16th centuries, known for their
cruel determination to gain political power. Lucrezia Borgia
(1480-1519) became the Duchess of Ferrara and invited the
best writers and artists to stay at her house. Her brother Cesare
Borgia (1476-1507) was a successful soldier and ruler, and the
Prince in Machiavelli's book The PRINCE is based on him. 博
尔吉亚家族〔15世纪和16世纪早期意大利一个强大、富有的家族
以不择手段获取政治权力闻名。卢克雷齐娅·博尔吉亚(1480
1519)成为费拉拉公爵夫人，曾邀请最优秀的作家和艺术家来家小
住，其兄西泽尔·博尔吉亚是一位成功的军事家和统治者，马基雅
弗利所著《君主论》中的国君即以他为原型
bor. ing /borin; 'bo:rin/ adj dull or uninteresting; TEDIOUS无
趣的，无聊的，令人生厌的：a boring job/film/person 枯燥的工
作；乏味的电影；无聊的人| The lecture was deadly boring
(=extremely boring)那讲座真是乏味极了。 — ~ly adv: boringly
predictable令人生厌的老一套
born1 /born; bo:n/ past participle of BEAR2
USAGE 用法说明 This is one of the two past participles
of bear when it means ‘to give birth to'. bear 一词作“生、
生育”之意时有两个过去分词：born, borne。Compare 比较
He was born in 1950. (他生于 1950年。) and_和 She had
borne (fml 正式) three children. (她生过三个孩子。)
*born2 adj [no comp. 无比较级] 1 [F] brought into existence by
or as if by birth 出生的，问世的，诞生的：Shakespeare was born
in 1564. 莎士比亚生于 1564 年。| The baby was born at 8
o'clock. 这婴儿是8点钟出生的。| Don't try and tell me an
lies; I wasn't born yesterday, you know! 不要对我撒谎。你要
明白，我可不是小娃娃！| He's a countryman born and bred
(=was born and grew up in the country), so he doesn't like big
0183
cities. 他是土生土长的乡下人，不喜欢大城市。| The people won
their independence, and a new nation was born. 人民赢得了
独立，于是一个新的国家诞生了。| He spoke with a cynicism
born of bitter experience. 他说话冷嘲热讽是因为他有过痛苦的
经历。2[F] from or by birth; originally 原本为，出身为：He
was born French, but applied for Canadian citizenship when
he grew up. 他生为法国人，长大以后申请入了加拿大国籍。3 hav-
ing a stated quality from or as if from birth 天生的，有天才的. 
命中注定的：a born leader/writer 天才的领袖[作家] | He was
born lucky. 他生来就幸运。| [F+to-v] She was born to succeed
=it was always clear that she would do so)她命中注定会成功
的。4 born with a silver 'spoon in one's mouth having money
and social advantages from birth 生在富贵人家 5 in all my
born days infml in all my life【非正式】在我的一生中，有生以
来 6 there's one born every minute a phrase used when say
ing that someone has acted very foolishly 随时有人犯傻[上当]
7 -born born in the stated way 生为··的：American-born 生于
美国的|first-born 第一胎的|still-born(=born dead)死胎的
 — see also 另见 UNBORN, to the manner born (MANNER)
born-a-gain /'. ·/ adj having accepted a particular religion
especially EVANGELICAL Christianity, often through a deep
spiritual experience 再生的〔常指经过悟性体验后接受了基督教
福音主义教派的人)：a born-again Christian 一个面貌焕然一
新的基督教徒|(fig. 喻)a born-again non-smoker/jogger
个重新振作起精神的戒烟[慢跑]者
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 born-again Christians
People who become born-again Christians believe that their
new faith in Jesus Christ helps them to start a new life
People think of a typical born-again Christian as someone
who has very traditional ideas about family life, sex etc
and who is very eager to persuade other people to join their
religious organization. They usually belong to EVANGELI-
CAL churches, and in the US they are known for support-
ing the MORAL MAJORITY. 基督教再生教徒：基督教再生教
徒相信对于耶稣基督新的信仰有助于他们开始新的生活。人
们认为典型的基督教再生教徒对于家庭生活、性等持有牢固的
传统观念，并热切要说服别人加入他们的宗教团体。他们一般
属于基督教福音派教会，在美国，他们以支持争取道德多数运
动而著称
borne /born; bo:n/ 1 past participle of BEAR2 — see 参见 BORN
USAGE)2 borne in on/upon brought firmly to the conscious
ness of 意识到，完全认识到：Slowly it was borne in on the citi-
zens that the enemy had surrounded them. 市民渐渐地意识到
敌人已经把他们包围住了。3-borne carried as stated 由··所携
带的[传播的]：waterborne diseases 由水传播的疾病 | Some
plants have windborne seeds. 有些植物靠风传播种子。
Bor-ne. o /`bornio: 'bo:nieu/ the largest island of the Malay Ar
chipelago (=a group of many islands) in SE Asia. Part of it
belongs to Malaysia and part of it to Indonesia, and it also
includes the Sultanate of BRUNEI. Its population is 12. 5 mil-
lion (1991)， and it is known for its tropical forests, 婆罗洲〔东
南亚马来群岛中最大的岛屿，分属马来西亚、印度尼西亚，并包括
文莱苏丹国在内。人口：12, 500, 000(1991)，以热带森林著称)
bo-rough /`b3o; 'bvre/ n (sometimes cap. 有时用大写) a town
or a division of a large town, with some powers of local gov-
ernment 享有某些自治权的市镇[区]：the Borough of Brooklyn
布鲁克林（自治）区
borough coun·cil /. '. ·/ n especially BrE the organization re. 
sponsible for local government in a borough【尤英】自治市[镇]
议会
*bor. row /`baro; 'boreu/ v [I; T (from)] 1 to take or receive
something)from another person, usually with that person's
permission, and with the understanding that it will be returned
after a certain time 向别人借，借来，借入：He borrowed a car
from a friend for a few days. 他向朋友借了辆车用几天。| Can
I borrow your pen for a moment?我可以借你的笔用一下吗？
They borrowed heavily from the bank to start their new
business. 他们向银行贷了巨款来创办新企业。| She could not
pay back all the money she had borrowed. 她无力偿还她借的
全部款项。 — compare 比较 LEND, LOAN2 2 to take or copy
(especially ideas, words etc) and use them as one's own(擅
自)借用，采用；抄袭（尤指思想、文字等）：English has borrowed
(words) from many languages. 英语从很多不同语言中借用了
词汇。 — see also 另见 live on borrowed time (LIVE1) 3 bor
row trouble AmE infml to worry unnecessarily【美，非正式】
自寻烦恼
or. row. er /`baroa; 'boreue/n 1 a person who borrows
(something)借入方 2 neither a borrower nor a lender be
quote a phrase from the play Hamlet by Shakespeare【引】不要
向人借钱，也不要借钱给人〔出自莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》〕
bor. row. ing /baroin; 'boreuin/ n a word or phrase which has
been borrowed by one language from another 借用的词语，外
来语：English has many borrowings from French. 英语从法语
借用了很多词语。 — see also 另见 LOANWORD
borrowing pow. ers /'. ，. / n [P] the amount of money a com
pany is allowed by its own regulations to borrow〔公司章程所
规定的〕举债能力；借款权
borscht, borshcht /borft; bo:ft/ also 又作 borsch /borf; bo:f/
-n [U] a BEETROOT soup often served with sour ream 罗宋
汤，甜菜汤
bor·stal /`borstel; 'bo:stl/ n [C; U] BrE (often cap. 常用大写) a
prison school for young criminals between the age of 16 and
21【英】〔管理16至21岁少年罪犯的〕教养院，少年管教所：He
was sent to borstal for stealing. 他因偷东西被送进了少年管教
所。
bor. zoi /`borzoi; 'bo:zoi/ n a large long-haired hunting dog origi-
nally from Russia 俄国大猎犬
Bosch /baf; bof/, Hie. ron. y. mus /haie`ranimes; haie'ronmes
(?1450-1516)a Flemish painter known especially for his reli-
gious paintings and his pictures of Hell in his most famous
work The Garden of Earthly Delights. His paintings are full
of small details and show strange and unnatural creatures and
situations. 博斯〔(？1450-1516)，佛兰德斯画家，尤以宗教作品及
在他最著名的《人间乐园》中对地狱的描绘而闻名。他的画充满细
节，展现了怪异的生物及环境
bosh /baf; bof/ n, interj [U] infml, especially BrE foolish talk:
nonsense【非正式，尤英】废话，胡说
Bos·ni·a /`baznie; 'boznie/ also 又作 Bosnia-Herzegovina a
country in eastern Europe between Croatia and Yugoslavia. It
was formerly a part of Yugoslavia, but it joined with Herzegovina
in 1992 to form a new country. Population: 4, 400, 000 (1993). 
Capital:Sarajevo. 波斯尼亚〔东欧国家，位于克罗地亚和南斯拉
夫之间，原为南斯拉夫一部分，但1992年与黑塞哥维那合并成立
了一个新的国家。人口:4, 400, 000(1993), 首都:萨拉热窝)-
Bosnian adj
Bosnian War, the /. / (1991-1995) a war in Bosnia-
Herzegovina, where the three different groups of people living
in this area - Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims - fought
each other to gain land. The war is known for the practice of
ethnic cleansing', when thousands of people, mainly Bosnian
Muslims, were forced to leave the towns where they lived and
some of them were killed. 波黑战争〔(1991-1995)，发生在波
斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那，由于当地3个部族——塞尔维亚人、克罗
地亚人以及波斯尼亚穆斯林——之间为争夺土地而引发战争，以
施行种族清洗著称。当时，成千上万的民众，多为波斯尼亚穆斯林
被迫背井离乡，有些人还惨遭杀害
bos·om /`buzem; 'buzem/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] espe-
cially lit【尤文】1 the front of the human chest, especially the
female breasts, or the part of a garment covering this 胸部；（女
人的)乳房：（衣服的）胸襟：She held the child to her bosom. 她
把孩子抱在怀里。| She carried the letter in the bosom of her
dress. 她把信放在她衣服的胸襟里带着。 2 this part considered
as the centre of feelings 胸怀，心胸，内心；亲密关系：Her bos
om was torn by sorrow. 忧伤使她心碎。| a bosom friend/
buddy (=a very close friend) 密友：心腹之交 | He spent his
last years in the bosom of (=living in a close relationship
with)his family. 他在最后几年的岁月中在家人的关怀下享尽天
伦之乐。 — compare 比较 BREAST'
bos. om·y /`buzemi; 'buzemi/ adj infml having large breasts
【非正式】胸部隆起的，乳房丰满的：a bosomy actress 胸部丰满
的女演员 — compare 比较 BUXOM
Bos·por·us, the /`basperes; 'bospares/ also 又作 the
Bos·pho·rus /`basfres; 'bosfares/ the narrow sea between the
European and Asian parts of Turkey, connecting the Black Sea
with the Sea of Marmara 博斯普鲁斯海峡〔位于土耳其欧亚两
部分之间，连接黑海和马尔马拉海的狭窄海域
boss' /bos; bos/ n infml【非正式】1 a person who is in charge of
workers; an employer or manager 工头；领班；老板，上司：He
asked the boss/his boss for more money. 他要求老板多给些
钱。| Who's(the) boss here?(=who's in charge?)谁是这儿的
头儿？ | (fig. 喻) You can't let the children just do what they
like - you've got to show them who's boss!你不能让孩子想
干什么就干什么，你得让他们知道谁是老子！— see 参见 FATHER
(USAGE)2 especially AmE, usually derog a political party
chief, especially one who controls a local party organization
【尤美，一般贬】〔尤指操纵地方党派组识的〕党魁，头目
ooss2v [T (ABOUT, AROUND)] infml to give orders (to), espe-
cially in an unpleasant way【非正式】（向··）发号施令，把··呼
0184
来喝去：Tom likes to boss younger children about. 汤姆喜欢
对（比他）年幼的小孩子发号施令
boss3 adj, slang excellent or fashionable【俚】极好的；时髦的：a
boss suit 一套时髦的衣服 | a boss car 一部靓车
boss4n a round decoration which stands out from the surface of
something, e. g. on a shield or the inside of a church roof 突起
的圆形装饰物<如盾牌上或教堂天花板上的浮凸饰物>
boss5 adj make a boss shot (at) BrE old-fash slang to make a
first, probably not very good, attempt (at)【英，过时，俚】初次
尝试：（在··上）失误
bos. sa no·va /base `nove; bose 'neuve/ n [the] a dance which
came from Brazil and is like the SAMBA新鲍萨舞〔一种类似桑
巴舞的巴西舞蹈〕
boss-eyed /'/ adj BrE slang for【英俚】= CROSS-EYED
boss·y /`bosi; 'bpsi/ adj infml too fond of giving orders【非正
式】好发号施令的，专横的：a bossy person/manner 好发号施令
的人；霸道的态度|She's an old bossy-boots. (=is very bossy)
她是个霸道的老太婆。- -iness n [U]
Bos. ton /'bastn; 'bostan/ a city in Massachusetts on the Atlan-
tic coast, the most important city in New England, and one of
the oldest cities in the US. It is often thought of as being less
noisy and more relaxed than other American cities, and is
known for its old brick buildings. In Boston and the surround-
ing area, there are many famous colleges and universities, in-
cluding HARVARD and MIT. 波士顿〔位于马萨诸塞州大西洋沿岸
新英格兰最重要的城市，为美国最古老的城市之一。比起其他美国
城市，它更安静悠闲，以古老的砖结构建筑闻名，在波士顿及其邻
近地区，有许多著名的大学，包括哈佛大学和麻省理工学院〕— see
colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
Boston Globe, the /，. / a US newspaper sold especially in
New England《波士顿环球报》〔美国报纸，尤其在新英格兰发行
Boston Mas-sa-cre, the /，. '. / one of the events that started
the AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR. In 1770 a group of Bos-
ton citizens, who were angry because the British army was in
their town, threatened a British soldier. Other soldiers fired
their guns into the crowd, killing five people. 波士顿惨案〔美
国独立战争的导火线之一。1770年一群因英国在当地驻军而愤怒
的波士顿市民扬言要惩罚一名英军士兵，其他士兵便向人群开枪
射杀5人〕
Boston Pops, the /. '/ an ORCHESTRA (=large group of
musicians) from Boston, known for its performances and
records of well-known pieces of CLASSICAL music and famous
tunes from films and MUSICALS. For many years, its CONDUC-
TOR was Arthur Fiedler. Most of the musicians in the Boston
Pops are members of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. 波士顿
通俗交响乐团〔波士顿一交响乐团，以精彩的表演及灌制古典音乐
和电影、音乐剧中的名曲而著称。阿瑟·菲德勒曾任该乐队指挥多
年，其中大部分演奏家是波士顿交响乐团成员〕
Boston Sym·pho. ny Or. chestra, the /. . . . / a US OR
CHESTRA(=a large group of musicians) based in Boston, Mas-
sachusetts 波士顿交响乐团
Boston Tea Par·ty, the /. . . / a protest in Boston in 1773
against the British tax on tea, when tea was thrown from Brit-
ish ships into the water. This is often considered to be the event
that started the AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 波士顿茶党
案，波士顿倾茶事件〔指1773年，发生在波士顿的一次反对英国政
府征收茶叶税的抗议活动，当时英国船只上的茶叶被倾入海里。该
事件常被认为是美国独立战争的导火线〕
bo·sun ^bosn; 'beusan/ n a BOATSWAIN 水手长
Bos·well /`bazwel: 'bpzwel/, James (1740-1795) a Scottish
lawyer and writer, famous for his book about the life of Samuel
JOHNSON鲍斯韦尔〔(1740-1795)，苏格兰律师和作家，以撰写塞
缪尔·约翰逊传记著名〕
Bos. worth Field /bazwe0 `fild; bozwe0 'fi:ld/ the place where
the final battle of the Wars of the Roses was fought in 1485，
where Richard III was defeated by Henry Tudor 博斯沃思原野
〔1485年玫瑰战争最后一役的战场，在此亨利·都铎大败理查三
世) — see also 另见 WARS OF THE ROSES
bo. tan. i. cal /be`taenik]; be'taenikal/ adj [A] of or related to plants
or botany 植物（学）的：a beautiful botanical garden with
plants from all over the world 收集了世界各地植物的美丽的
植物公园| botanical drugs (=obtained from plants)植物性药
物 — ~ly /-kli;-kli/ adv
bot·a·nize‖also 又作-nise BrE【英】/`batn aiz; 'botenaiz/v[I]
to study plant life and collect examples of plants研究并采集植
bot. a. ny /`batni; 'boteni/ n [U] the scientific study of plants植
物学--nist n
Botany Bay /，. . / a place in SE Australia, close to Sydney, 
where a narrow part of the sea reaches into the land, which
was visited in 1770 by Captain COOK. In the early 19th century. 
another place in this area was used as a place for sending Brit-
ish criminals as a punishment, and this was also given the name
Botany Bay'. 植物（学）湾〔位于澳大利亚东南部，邻近悉尼。那
里有一处狭窄的海域深入大陆，1770年库克船长在此登陆。19世
纪早期，该区域的另一个地方被用作英国罪犯的流放地，也取名为
“植物学湾”〕
botch /batf; botf/ v [T (UP)] infml to do (something) badly. 
especially to repair (something) badly through carelessness or
lack of skill【非正式】〔尤指修理东西不经心或缺乏技术而〕把. . 
做得拙劣； I'm afraid I've rather botched (up) the dinner
tonight. 恐怕我今天把晚饭做坏了。| a botched job 拙劣的工
作- botch, botch-up /'·/ n: I've made a botch/botch-up of
repairing the car. 我把修车的活儿弄得一团糟。 — ~er n
*both /bo0; beo0/ predeterminer, determiner, pron 1 the two
together; the one as well as the other 两者，双方，俩：Both her
parents are doctors. 她的父母亲都是医生。| Both of them are
doctors. 他们俩都是医生。| They are both doctors. 他们两人
都是医生。| Both sides are keen to reach an agreement. 双方
都很想达成协议。| She and her husband both like dancing
她和丈夫都喜欢跳舞。|“I don't know which to buy. ”“Why
not buy both(of them)?”“我不知道该买哪一个。”“何不两个都
买下来呢？”| “I can afford one, but not both. ”“我只付得起一
个的钱，不能两个都买。”| They both started speaking together. 
他们俩开始一起讲起来。2 both. and. not only. but also. 
不仅··而且；既··又：We visited both New York and London
我们不但访问了纽约，还访问了伦敦。|He spoke with both kind-
ness and understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理。| both in
Holland and in Denmark 不仅在荷兰而且在丹麦 | both then
and now 那时如此，现在也如此 | She both speaks and writes
Swahili. 她不仅会说斯瓦希里语，而且还会写。
□USAGE 用法说明 1 You can use both or both of be
fore nouns with a determiner. 在名词前可用 both 或 both
of, 但要带限定词 (such as 如 the, those, his): I like both
(of) the paintings. (两幅画我都喜欢。) | Both (of) their
children are grown-up. (他们两个孩子都已成年。)2 Both
(but not both of) can be used before nouns without a
determiner. 在名词前使用 both 也可不带限定词（但 both
of 不可以这样) ：I like both paintings, (我两幅画都喜欢。)|
Both paintings are by the same artist. （两幅画都是同一个
画家画的。)3 Both of is used before personal pronouns
both of可用于人称代名词前：Both of them speak French
(他们俩都会讲法语。)| I'd like both of you to come. (我
希望你们俩都来。)You can also put both after the pronoun
with the same meaning. both 也可放在代名词之后，用于表
达相同的意思：They both speak French. (他们俩都会讲法
语。) | I'd like them both to come. (我希望他们俩都来。)-
see also 另见 EACH (USAGE)
Bo. tham /`bo0em: 'be0am/, l. an /ien; 'i:en/ (1955-)an En
glish CRICKETER who played for the English national team for
many years during the late 1970s and the 1980s, and became a
well-known broadcaster. He was very successful both as a
BATSMAN and as a BOWLER. 博瑟姆〔(1955-)，英国板球运动
员，20世纪70年代末期至80年代，曾效力英国国家队多年，并成
为了著名的播音员。他是一位出色的击球手和投球手〕
both. er'/`baoe; 'booe/ v1 [T] to cause trouble, worry, or
annoyance to (someone) especially repeatedly or continually, 
in little ways 打扰，烦扰，使苦恼：I'm busy: don't bother me
just now. 我很忙，别在这个时候打扰我。| What bothers me
most is the fact that he seems to take no interest in his work. 
最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。|His old
injury still bothers him (=gives him pain) a bit. 旧伤仍使他觉
得有些疼。| Will it bother you if I turn the radio on?我打开
收音机会打扰你吗？|(polite 礼貌语)I'm sorry to bother you
but can you tell me the time?对不起打扰你一下，请问现在几
点了？|Don't bother yourself/bother your head(=worry)
about all these details. 不要为这些琐事伤脑筋。| You're look-
ing rather hot and bothered - what's the matter?你看上去
有些忧心忡忡的，怎么啦？|/ can't be bothered(=am unwill-
ing to take the trouble) to look for it just now. 我现在不想费神
去找它。2 [I (with, about)] to cause inconvenience to oneself;
trouble oneself 为·而烦恼，因··操心：Don't bother with/about
it. 不必麻烦了。| [+to-v] You needn't bother to lock the door
你不必锁门了。| I sent them an invitation, but they didn't
even bother to reply. 我给他们寄了张请帖，但他们竟连话都懒
得回。| [+v-ing] Don't bother locking the door. 不用锁门了。|
Goodbye-and don't bother coming back! (=I don't want
you to come back)你走吧，不要再回来了！ 3 [I; T imperative
0185
用于祈使句]especially BrE(used for adding force to expres-
sions of displeasure 用以加强不快的语气)【尤英】讨厌；真可恶：
Bother! I've missed my train! 真糟糕！我误火车了！ | Bother
the lot of you! Go away!你们这些家伙真讨厌！快走开！
bother2n1 [S; U] (a) trouble, inconvenience, or anxiety (usually
caused by small matters and lasting a short time)麻烦，不便，
忧虑；烦恼的事：We had a bit of bother finding our way here. 
我们费了点劲才找到这里。|“I don't want to be a bother(to
you), but could I stay here tonight?\"\"Certainly. It's no bother
at all. ”“很不好意思麻烦你，请问今晚可以在这里过夜吗？”“当然
可以，没有什么麻烦的。”2[U] BrE infml fighting or public
disorder【英，非正式】纠纷，骚乱；街头斗殴：There was a spot
of bother here today. 今天这里出了点事。| The gang have
gone out looking for bother. (=to make trouble)那帮家伙出
去惹事生非去了。
both. er. a. tion /，baoe`refen;, booe'reifan/ interj old-fash, es-
pecially BrE(used for expressing slight annoyance用于表示
轻微的不快)【过时，尤英】可恶：Botheration -I've dropped my
glasses. 真讨厌，我的眼镜掉了。
both. er. some /baoasem; 'booesam/ adj causing bother 引起
麻烦的，讨厌的，令人为难的：bothersome demands/people 惹
人讨厌的要求[人]
Bot-swa·na /bats`wana; bot'swa:ne/ a country in central south-
ern Africa. Capital: Gaborone. Population: 1, 487, 000(1995). 
博茨瓦纳〔非洲中南部一国。首都：哈博罗内，人口：1, 487, 000
(1995)〕
Bot. ti. cel. li /，bati`tfli;, boti'tfeli/, San. dro /`saindro;
'saendreu/(?1444-1510) an Italian painter of the RENAISSANCE, 
best known for Primavera and The Birth of Venus 波提切利
〔(？1444-1510)，意大利文艺复兴时期画家，最著名的作品是《春》
和《维纳斯的诞生》〕
medicine
bottle
药瓶
made of glass or plastic, with a rather narrow neck or mouth. 
and usually no handle 瓶：an empty milk bottle 一个空牛奶瓶|
to unscrew the top of a bottle 拧开瓶盖 | to uncork a wine
bottle 拔酒瓶塞 |(infml 非正式) Why don't we crack open
another bottle of champagne?我们何不再开一瓶香槟酒呢？2[C
(of)] also 又作 bot·tle·ful /-ful; -ful/ - the quantity held by a
bottle 一瓶之量：We drank a whole bottle/two bottlefuls of
wine!我们喝了一整瓶[两瓶]酒！3[the] alcoholic drink酒：
He hit the bottle when he lost his job. 他失业后就猛喝酒。|
She gave up for a while, but she's back on the bottle again
now. 她戒了一阵子酒，但现在又喝起来了。4 [C usually sing. 
一般用单数] milk in bottles used in place of mother's milk〔喂
婴儿用的)装在奶瓶中的牛奶：to give the baby its bottle给婴
儿喂牛奶 5 [U] BrE slang courage; daring; NERVE【英俚】勇
气，胆量：You have to hand it to her - she's got (a lot of)
bottle. 你不得不佩服她，她胆子真大。
bottle2v [T] 1 to put into bottles 把··装进瓶中：a machine for
bottling wine 装酒入瓶的机器 2 to preserve(fruit etc) in bottles
把〔水果等〕装瓶制成蜜饯
bottle out phr v [I (of)] BrE slang to refuse to do something
because one is afraid【英俚】因胆怯而拒绝做某事
bottle sthg. up phr v [T] to control (feelings) in an un-
healthy way 抑制（感情），勉强忍住：Tell us what's worrying
you—don't bottle it up!有什么烦恼事告诉我们，别憋在心里！
bottle bank /'. / n BrE a container in the street into which
people can put empty bottles, so that the glass can be reused
【英】〔大街上〕回收玻璃器皿的空瓶箱
bottle-feed /'. /v-fed /-fad;-fed/ [T] to feed (a baby or baby
animal)with a bottle, rather than with the breast 用牛奶[奶瓶]
喂育，人工喂养 — ~ing n[U]
bottle green /. / adj very dark green 深绿色 - bottle green
n [U]
bot. tle. neck /batl, nk; 'botlnek/ n a narrow part of a road
which slows down traffic〔交通最挤的)狭窄路段，瓶颈路段：(fig. 
喻)a bottleneck in production妨碍生产进度的工序
bottle o. pen. er /'. . / n a small metal instrument, used to
open bottles, especially beer bottles, with metal lids〔尤指啤酒
瓶的〕开瓶器
bottle tan /'. / n AmE infml a TAN2(2)(=a brown colour of
the skin)which is obtained by applying a special liquid to the
skin, rather than by the action of the sun alone【美，非正式】抹
上特殊液体后变成的棕褐色的肤色：She's too busy to go to the
beach so she has a bottle tan. 她忙得没有时间去海滩，所以她
的皮肤是抹上特殊液体后变成棕褐色的。— bottle tan ν[I]:
She's too busy to go to the beach so she's bottle tanning. 她
忙得没有时间去海滩，所以就用一种特殊液体把皮肤变成棕褐色。
*bot. tom1/`batem; 'botem/ n 1 [the (of)] the lowest part of
something 底部，基部；下端，末尾：I eventually found the keys
at the bottom of my bag. 我终于在提包底找到了钥匙。| at the
bottom of the page/list 书页下端；名单末尾 | It's on the third
line from the bottom of the page. 它在该页的倒数第三行上。|
The body was found at the bottom of a deserted mine shaft. 
尸体在一口废矿井的井底找到了。| the bottom floor of a build-
ing 楼房的底层 | The police searched the house from top to
bottom. 警方把那幢房子从上到下搜了一遍。|(fig. 喻)She
bottles 瓶
thanked them from the bottom of her heart. (=very sincerely)
她由衷地感谢他们。2[C(of)] the base on which something
stands （东西的）底：The wet bottoms of the glasses made marks
on the table. 玻璃杯的湿底在桌子上留下了印迹。| to pack the
bottles bottom up(=upside down)把瓶子底朝上倒放着包装
3 [C] the part of the body on which one sits; BUTTOCKs 臀部，
屁股：to smack a child's bottom 打孩子的屁股 4 [the; U] the
ground under the sea, a lake, or a river 水底；海底；湖底；河底：
They sent the enemy ship to the bottom (of the sea). 他们把敌
船击沉了。| This part is too deep for swimming: I can't touch
bottom. 这一带水太深不适宜游泳，我都碰不到底。| the river
bottom 河底 5 [the; U] the least important, least valuable, or
least favourable part of anything; the lowest level最无关紧要
wine bottle
[最无价值]的部分：He is always at the bottom of the class. 他
酒瓶
的成绩在班上总是排最末。| He started life at the bottom(of
the ladder), and worked his way up. 他参加工作从基层开始，
级一级地升了上去。| They bought their house when prices
were at rock bottom. 房价最低时，他们买下了房子。| Sheffield
United are at the bottom of League Division One. 设菲尔德联
队是联盟第一小组中积分最低的一个球队。6[the(of)]the far
end 尽头，末端：I'll walk with you to the bottom of the road. 
我陪你走到路的尽头。| (BrE 英) We grow vegetables at the
bottom of our garden. 我们在花园的尽头种了蔬菜。7 [the+of]
the starting point; cause or origin 起点；起因，根源：Who is at
the bottom of all this trouble? I intend to get to the bottom
of it. (=find out the cause)是谁挑起这场纠纷的？我打算找出这
事情的真正原因。8 [(in) U] the lowest GEAR of a motor vehicle
〔机动车的〕低速挡9[C] also 又作 bottoms pl. - the lower
part of a two-piece garment〔两件一套衣服中的)裤子：pyjama
bottoms 睡裤 10 [C] naut the part of a ship below the water
【海】船体在水下的部分 11 AmE the second half of an INNING
【美】〔棒球或垒球一局中的]后半局：It's the bottom of the sev-
enth and the score is tied 3-all. 这是第七局的后半局，比分为
三平。12 at bottom really; in spite of appearances 实际上，内
心里：He pretends to be very tough, but he's a kind man at
bottom. 他装出一副凶相，实际上是个好心肠的人。13 Bottoms
'up! infml, especially humor Empty your glasses! Finish your
drinks!【非正式，尤幽】干杯！ 14 the bottom has fallen out of
the market prices and demand for products have fallen to a
very low level〔产品价格和需求)暴跌15-bottomed /-`batemd;
-'bptemd/ having the stated kind of bottom 有··底的：round-
bottomed glasses 圆底的玻璃杯| a fat-bottomed woman 臀
部肥胖的女人 — see also 另见 bet your bottom dollar(BET2), 
knock the bottom out of (KNOCK1(9); compare 比较 TO
bottom2v
bottom out phr v [I] to reach the lowest point before rising
again〔回升前〕降到最低点：The price of oil bottomed out at
$12 a barrel and has now startea to rise again. 石油价格降到
了每桶12美元的最低点，现在价格又开始回升。
0186
Bottom a humorous character who is changed into a DONKEY
in SHAKESPEARE's play A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM博顿
〔莎士比亚的剧作《仲夏夜之梦》中的一个喜剧人物，后变成了一头
驴〕— see Feature on page B24 参见 B24页文化特写
bottom drawer /，·/ BrE【英】‖hope chest AmE【美】- n
[usually sing. 一般用单数] old use infml the clothes, sheets, 
and other things needed for starting a home which a girl col-
lects before getting married【旧，非正式】女子结婚前准备的衣
物，嫁妆 — compare 比较 TOP DRAWER
bot. tom-less /batemlis; 'botemles/ adj with no bottom or limit:
very deep 无底的，深不可测的，极深的； a bottomless well 极深
的井 | (fig. 喻) The bank's chairman said that giving loans
to that country was like pouring money into a bottomless
pit. 银行董事长说，向那个国家贷款就像往无底洞里倒钱一样。
bottom line /. / n [the] 1 the amount of money shown (as
profit or loss) at the bottom of a set of accounts 账本底线，〔账
目上)盈亏一览结算线 2 the most important result in the end. 
especially with regard to money; OUTCOME〔尤指与钱有关的)
最后结果 [成果]：If we make all the changes I am proposing
the bottom line is that the company will save ￡50, 000. 如果大
家按我建议的进行更改，最终公司将可节省5万英镑
bottom-up /. / adj a bottom-up plan or method is one ir
which you start by paying attention to details, rather than think-
ing about general principles〔计划、方式等〕从细节到整体的 -
compare 比较 TOP-DOWN
bot. u. lis. m /`batfe lizem; 'botfglizam/ n [U] serious food poi-
soning caused by bacteria in preserved meat and vegetables肉
毒中毒，腊肠毒菌病
Bou·dic. ca /budike: 'bu:dike/ also 又作 Boadicea -(died AD
60) the Queen of the Iceni people of eastern Britain, who led
them in battle against the Romans. In pictures, Boudicca is
usually shown driving a CHARIOT. 布狄卡〔（死于公元60年）
东不列颠爱西尼民族的王后，曾率领爱西尼人与罗马人作战。图画
上她常驾驭一辆双轮战车〕
bou. doir /bu`dwar; 'bu:dwa:/n (especially in former times) a
woman's dressing room, bedroom, or private sitting room〔尤
指昔时女子的〕闺房
bouf-fant /bu fant;'bu:fon/ adj(of hair or a piece of clothing)
puffed out(PUFF out)〔发〕蓬松的；〔衣〕鼓起的
bou. gain. vil. le. a, -laea /bugen`vilie; bu:gen'vilie/ n a climb-
ing plant with large red and purple flowers which grows in hot
countries 九重葛属植物〔一种开红、紫色花的热带攀缘植物〕
bough /bau; bau/ n especially lit a main branch of a tree【尤
文】粗大的树枝
bought /bot; bo:t/ past tense and participle of BUY
bouil. la·baisse /bulje`bes;bu:je'bes/ n [C; U] a strong-tasting
STEW made from fish 浓味炖鱼
bouil-lon /'buljan; 'bu:jon/ n [C; U] a clear soup made by boiling
meat and vegetables in water 肉菜清汤
boul-der /`bolda; 'beulde/ n a large stone or mass of rock巨
石，巨砾
Boulder Dam /，. '/ the former name for the HOOVER DAM博
尔德水坝〔胡佛水坝的旧称〕
boules /bul; bu:l/ n [U] an outdoor game played especially in
France, in which one tries to throw or roll a big, usually metal, 
ball as near as possible to a small ball (the JACK)滚球戏〔把-
金属球尽量滚近小球的户外游戏，尤为法国人玩
boule·vard /`bole vard: 'bu:lya:d/ (written abbrey, 缩写为
blvd)n (part of the name of) a broad street in a town, some-
times having trees on each side 林阴大道：Sunset Boulevard
夕阳大道
Bou-logne /bu`lon; bu'loin/ a city on the NE coast of France
known for being one of the ports where ships bringing passen-
gers and cars arrive after crossing the English Channel from
Dover 布洛涅〔位于法国东北沿岸一城市，为从多佛尔穿越英吉利
海峡而来的渡船停泊的港口之一，并以此著称〕
bounce'/bauns; bauns/ v 1 [I; T] a (of a ball) to spring back or
up again after hitting a surface; REBOUND〔球〕弹回，反弹，跳
起：The ball hit the wall and bounced off it. 球打在墙上又反弹
回来。b to cause (a ball) to do this 使〔球〕弹回：to bounce a
ball against a wall把球往墙上打 | (fig. 喻) The messag is
sent across the Atlantic by bouncing radio waves off a
satellite. 电报是用无线电波发射到卫星上, 再经反射传送到大西
洋彼岸。2 [I+adv/prep; T+obj+adv/prep] to move with a
springing movement, often suddenly or noisily 跳上跳下，蹦蹦
跳跳：She bounced into the room. 她蹦蹦跳跳地走进房间里。
I bounced the baby on my knee. 我把婴儿放在膝上上下颠着。
3 [I] (of a cheque) to be returned by a bank as worthless〔支
票〕遭退票，被拒付 — compare 比较 DISHONOUR2(2)
bounce back phr v [I] to return to your former strong or
active state, after a failure or misfortune 恢复元气，重新活跃，
康复
bounce2n 1 [C] an act of bouncing 跳起，弹回，反弹 2 [U] the
quality of bouncing well 弹性，弹力 3 [U] infml liveliness;
VIGOUR【非正式】活力，精力，朝气
bounc. er /`baunse; 'baunse/ n 1 infml a strong man employed. 
especially at a club or restaurant, to throw out unwelcome
customers【非正式】〔尤指夜总会或旅馆的〕保镖2(in cricket)
a fast ball that passes or hits the BATSMAN at above chest height
after it bounces (BOUNCE)〔板球中的〕反弹球〔指反弹后以高过
击球手胸部的高度经过或击中击球手的球]
bounc·ing /baunsin; 'baunsin/ adj [A] apprec (especially of
babies) healthy and active【褒】〔尤指婴孩〕健康活泼的
bouncing bomb /. / n a bomb developed by Barnes Wallis
(1887-1979). Bouncing bombs were used during World War
Boudicca 布狄卡
II against the Germans by the Royal Air Force Dambusters
Squadron. 榴霰炸弹〔由巴恩斯·沃利斯(1887-1979)设计的一种
炸弹，第二次大战时期皇家空军水坝轰炸中队用来对付德国人〕-
see also 另见 DAM BUSTERS
bounc. y /`baunsi; 'baunsi/ adj 1 full of life and confidence
and eager for action 生气勃勃的，活跃的：a bouncy person
manner 精力充沛的人[样子] 2 that bounces well 弹性好的：a
bouncy ball 弹力强的球 - -ily ady - -iness n [U]
bouncy cas. tle /，. '·/ n a large rubber structure with three
walls and a thick floor, sometimes shaped like a castle, which
is filled with air and which children jump on for fun_ 跳跳乐充
气城堡〔一种供小孩子蹦跳玩乐的大型充气橡胶设施，有时形如城
堡〕
bound'/baund; baund/ past tense and participle of BIND1: The
prisoner was bound to a stake and shot. 犯人被绑在刑柱上枪
决了
bound2 adj 1 [F+to-y] very likely; certain 很有可能的，肯定的
I's bound to rain soon. 过一会儿肯定会下雨。 In a group as
big as this. you are bound to get occasional disagreements. 
在这么大的一个组里，肯定会不时遇到不同的意见。2[F+to-v]
having a duty, legally or morally, to do something 负有义务
的，有责任受··约束的，理应·的：The priest was bound by his
position to withholc the information from the police, 身为神
父，他有义务不向警方透露这一情况。| She thinks it's a crazy
idea, and I'm bound to say I agree with her, 她认为这是个荒
唐的主意，我得说我同意她的看法。| You are not legally bound
to answer these questions. 在法律上你没有义务非回答这些问
题不可。3[(in)](of a book) fastened within covers〔书〕（用··）装
订好的，有封面的：a cloth-bound volume 布面精装版本 | a
Bible bound in leather 一部皮面的《圣经》 4 tech (in grammar
always found in combination with another form【术语】〔语法)
附着的，黏附的：'Un-' and '-er' are bound forms in the words
‘unknown' and‘speaker'. “un-”和“-er”在“unknown”和
‘speaker”两词中都是（不能独立存在的）黏附形式。 — opposite
反义词 free 5 bound up in very busy with or interested in:
PREOCCUPIED 忙于，热中于，专心于：She is bound up in her
own problems. 她忙于处理自己的问题。6 bound up with de
pendent on; connected with 有赖于，与··有关系：His future is
closely bound up with that of the company. 他的前途与那家公
司的前程息息相关。7 I'll be bound old-fash infml I'm quite
certain【过时，非正式】我确信，我敢肯定
bound3 n a jump or LEAP 跳，跳跃，跃进：With one bound, he
was over the wall. 他纵身一跃就跳过了墙。| (fig. 喻) Jill's
making excellent progress;she's coming along in leaps and
bounds. 吉尔进步很快，她正飞速赶上。 — see also 另见 BOUNDS
bound4v [I+adv/prep] 1 to move along quickly by jumping or
leaping(LEAP) movements 跳跃，跳跃着前进：The dog bounded
away/down the hill. 那条狗跳开了[跳跃着朝山下跑去]。 2 to
spring or BOUNCE back from a surface 弹回，跳回
bound5 adj [(for)] going to or intending to go to 正在前往. 途
中的，准备前往·的；bound for home 回国的途中| homeward-
0187
bound 返航途中 | We boarded a plane bound for New York. 
我们上了飞往纽约的飞机。
bound6v [T usually pass. 一般用于被动语态] to mark or form
the boundaries or limits of 给·划界，形成·之界限：The US is
bounded in/on the north by Canada and in/on the south by
Mexico. 美国北面与加拿大接壤，南面与墨西哥毗邻。 — see also
另见BOUNDS
bound. a. ry /baunderi; 'baundari/ n 1 [(between)] the divid
ing line, especially between two areas of land〔尤指两地区之间
的)分界线：A river forms the boundary (line) between the two
countries. 河流成了两国的国界。2 the outer limit of anything
界限，范围：The boundaries of human knowledge are con-
stantly being extended. 人类知识的范围在不断地扩展。3 (ir
cricket) the outer limit of the playing area, often marked by a
rope〔板球的〕球场边界线 4 (in cricket) a shot that sends the
ball across the boundary giving 4 or 6 points〔板球中〕击球到
(或超过)边界线得分〔得四分或六分〕
bound·en /`baunden; 'baunden/ adj [A] fml, becoming rare
necessary;OBLIGATORY【正式，渐罕】必要的，义不容辞的，分内
的 (in the phrase 用于短语 bounden duty 分内的义务
bounder /baunde; 'baunde'/ n BrE old use slang a dishonourable
man who does not behave in a socially acceptable way; CAD
【英，旧，俚】粗俗无礼的人
bound·less /`baundlis; 'baundles/ adj without limits 无限的
无量的，无穷的：boundless wealth/imagination 无穷无尽的财
富[想像力] — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
bounds /baundz; baundz/ n [P] the furthest limits or edges of
something; the limits beyond which it is impossible or unde-
sirable to go 界限，极限，限度，止境：You must keep your spend
ing withir bounds. 你花钱一定要有个限度。| His greec for
power knows no bounds. 他的权力欲是无止境的。| The pub
was out of bounds (=forbidden) to the school-boys. 酒馆是中
小学男生禁止出入的场所。| It is not beyond the bounds of
possibility (=it is possible, though perhaps unlikely) that he is
telling the truth. 他所讲的也有可能是事实
boun·te. ous /`baunties; 'baunties/ adj fml or lit giving or given
freely;generous【正式或文】慷慨的，大方的；丰富的：bounteous
gifts 丰富的礼物 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
boun. ti-ful /`bauntefel; 'bauntifal/ adj fml or lit generous; in
large quantities【正式或文】慷慨的；大量的：a bountiful supply
充足的供应
boun·ty /`baunti; 'baunti/ n 1 [C] money paid by a government
especially formerly, for some special reason (e. g. as a reward
for joining the army or catching a criminal)〔尤指昔日政府为
某一特殊原因所付的〕奖励金，赏金2[U] especially lit generosity
【尤文】慷慨，好施，仁爱
Bounty trademark a kind of chocolate bar containing COCONUT
sold in the UK【商标】〔在英国出售的)“邦蒂”牌椰丝夹心巧克力
条
Bounty. The also 又作 HMS Bounty a British naval ship or
which there was a famous MUTINY (=when the ordinary sailors
take control of a ship by force) in the Pacific Ocean in 1789. 
The sailors, led by an officer called Fletcher Christian, took
power from Captain William BLIGH, and made him leave in a
small boat. There have been many books and films about this
story, including the film Mutiny on the Bounty. “帮蒂”号船〔英
国海军船只，1789年在太平洋上发生哗变，船员在军官弗莱彻·克
里斯廷的带领下，从船长威廉·布莱手中夺取了指挥权，并把他放
入一条小船中随波逐流。有许多描写该故事的小说和影片，包括电
影《叛舰喋血记》〕
bou. quet /bu`ke; beu'kei/ n 1 [C] a bunch of flowers given. 
usually to a woman, on a special occasion, e. g. her birthday, or
to say thank you for something〔在特殊场合如生日、致谢时通
常送给女子的〕花束：At the end of the concert, the singer was
presented with a bouquet of roses. 音乐会演出结束后，人们向
歌唱家献了一束玫瑰花。2 [C] a bunch of flowers carried by a
BRIDE〔新娘手中拿的〕花束 — see Feature on page B28 参见
B28 页文化特写 3 [C; U] the smell of wine 酒的芳香：a rich
bouquet 浓郁的酒香
bou·quet gar. ni /，buke gar`ni;, bu:kei 'ga:ni/ n a small bunch
of fresh or dried HERBS in a small cloth bag which is used in
cooking and removed before the dish is served 〔烹饪时使用，
上菜前拿走的〕香草袋
bour. bon /`b3ben; 'b3: ben/ n [U] a type of American WHISKE
made from MAIZE, MALT, and RYE, named after Bourbon
County in the state of Kentucky〔美国产的〕波旁威士忌〔用玉
米、麦芽和黑麦制成，因肯塔基州的波旁县而得名
bour. bon bis. cuit /b3ben`biskit; bueben 'biskt/n (often
cap. 常用大写) BrE a chocolate BISCUIT consisting of two halves
with chocolate cream in the middle【英】巧克力夹心饼干
bour·geois'/bur`3wa; 'bue3wa:/ adj 1 belonging to or typica
of the MIDDLE CLASS 中产阶级的 2 derog too interested in mate-
rial possessions and your social position【贬】过分注重名利的，
过分追求物质享受的：市侩的，庸俗的
bourgeois2n bourgeois often derog a member of the MIDDLE
CLASS, especially one who is too interested in material posses-
sions and social position【常贬】中产阶级一员〔尤指注重财富与
名利者〕
bour. geoi·sie/, bur3wa`zi;, bue3wa:'zi:/n[the+sing. /pl. v]old
fash the MIDDLE CLASS【过时】中产阶级 — compare 比较 PRO-
LETARIAT
bourn'/born; bo:n/ n old use (now used mainly in place names
现主要用于地名)a small stream【旧】小溪
bourn2n old use or lit a limit; border【旧或文】界限，境界：
. . death/The undiscovered country from whose bourn/No
traveller returns. . '(Shakespeare, Hamlet)“·死亡，那不可知
的国度，从来不曾有旅行者从其境内归来··
Bourne·mouth /bornme0; 'bo:nme0/ a town on the south coast
of England which is a popular place for people to go on holiday. 
It is also known as a centre for language schools and political
CONFERENCES, and as a popular place for people to go to live
after they have stopped workins, 伯恩茅斯(位于英格兰南部沿
岸一镇，为度假胜地，也以语言学校和政治会议中心及退休者理想
的居住地而闻名
Bour sin /buer`saen; 'buesaen/ trademark a type of soft creamy
French cheese made with GARLIC and HERBS【商标】布尔森牌
乳酪，宝山乳酪〔一种加蒜和香草制成的法国软乳酪〕
bout /baut; baut/ n 1 [(of)] a short period of great activity 〔大量
活动中的〕一次，一阵，一回，一场，一番：one of his intermitten
bouts of drinking 他一次断断续续的狂饮 2 [(of)] an attack of
illness （疾病的）发作（时期）：a bout of flu 流行性感冒发作时期
3 a BOXING match 一场拳击比赛
bou-tique /bu`tik; bu:'ti:k/ n a small shop, or a department of a
larger shop, selling up-to-date clothes and other fashionable
personal articles, especially for young people or women 出售
流行服饰的小商店，精品店；百货公司内专售高级服饰的柜台
bou·ton·ni·ere /bu tani`sr; bu: tpni'ee/ n AmE for【美】= BUT
TONHOLE1(2)
bo. vine /`bovain; 'beuvain/ adj of or like a cow or ox, espe-
cially in being slow-thinking and slow-moving似牛的；迟钝
的，缓慢的
Bov-ril /bavril; 'bovrl/ trademark a type of thick dark-brown
substance made from cow's meat, sold in the UK. It is used to
make hot drinks or added to food when cooking. 【商标】保卫牛
肉汁〔用于制作热饮料或调味
bov. ver /`bave; 'bove/ n [U] BrE old-fash slang violence or
threatening behaviour, especially by groups of young men【英，
过时，俚】[尤指青少年的〕打群架，斗殴；恐吓行为：abovver boy
小流氓| bovver boots〔青年流氓穿的〕重皮靴
bow'/bau; bau/ v1 [I (DOWN, before, to)] to bend the upper
part of the body forward, as a way of showing respect, admit-
ting defeat etc （向··）弯腰；躬身，鞠躬：He bowed (down) tol
before the Queen. 他向女王躬身行礼。| Muslims bow to Mecca
when they pray. 伊斯兰教徒祈祷时向麦加圣地俯身跪拜。2 [T
(DOWN)] to bend (one's head) forward 低头，俯首：He bowed
his head in shame/stood with his head bowed in shame, 他羞
愧地低下头。3 bow and scrape usually derog to behave to
someone with too much politeness and obedience【一般贬】〔对
人〕卑躬屈膝，点头哈腰
bow down phr v [I (to)] especially lit to admit defeat and
agree to obey【尤文】（向·）屈服；屈从：We shall never bow
down to our enemies. 我们永远不会向敌人屈服。
bow out phr v [I (of)] to give up a position or stop taking
part in something; WITHDRAW(从··)退出，退场；辞职：The
chairman will be bowing out next year, and one of the younger
directors will take over. 董事长明年辞任，一位年轻的董事将接
替他的职位
bow to sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to accept or obey, especially
unwillingly 向··投降，屈服于：to bow to someone's judgment
greater experience 屈从某人的判断；承认某人的丰富经验|I'm
not at all happy about it, but I suppose I'll have to bow to the
inevitable. 我对这件事很不高兴，但看来只好听天由命了。2 bow
to no one to claim the highest place for yourself自认为最有资
格：I bow to no one in my admiration for her work, but I have
some doubts about this latest idea of hers. 我对她的工作是最
佩服的了，但我对她最近那个想法却有些怀疑
bow2 /bau; bau/ n 1 an act of bending forward the head or the
upper part of the body, especially to show respect鞠：He
gave a deep/low bow. 他深深地鞠了一躬。 — compare 比较
CURTSY 2 take a bow to come on stage to receive praise
0188
(APPLAUSE) at the end of a performance(表演结束时)谢幕
bow3/bo; beo/ n 1 a weapon for shooting ARROWs consisting
of a long thin piece of wood held in a curve by a tight string
 — see also 另见 CROSSBOW 2 a long thin piece of wood with a
tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instru-
ments that have strings 〔弦乐器的)弓 3 a knot formed by dou. 
bling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for deco-
ration in the hair, in tying shoes etc 蝴蝶结：She tied the rib
bon in a tight/loose bow. 她用丝带打了一个紧的[松的]蝴蝶
结。 — see also 另见 BOW WINDOW, a second string to one's
bow (STRING1)
bow4/bo; beo/ v tech【术语】1 [I] to bend or curve 把··弯成弓
形2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to play (a piece of music) on a musical
instrument with a BOW3(2)用弓拉奏〔乐曲)
bow5/bau; bau/ also 又作 bows pl. - n the front part of a ship
船头 — see also 另见 a shot across the bows (SHOT'), and
compare 并比较 STERN2
Bow Bells /，bo `balz; beu 'belz/ the church bells of St Mary-
le-Bow in London. It is said that a person born within the sound
of (=in a place where you can hear) Bow Bells is a true
Cockney. 圣玛丽·勒·博教堂的钟〔据说只有在能听到该钟钟声的
地方出生的人才是真正的伦敦人) — see also 另见 COCKNEY
bowd·ler·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`baudle, raiz; 'baudleraiz/
v [T] usually derog to remove (from a book, play etc) those
parts considered rude or shocking【一般贬】删除〔书本、剧本等
中)猥亵鄙俗的字句：a bowdlerized edition of Shakespeare 莎
士比亚作品的删节本
*bow·els /`bauelz; 'bauelz/ n [P] 1 also 又作 bowel - a system
of pipes from the stomach which carries the waste matter out
of the body; the SMALL INTESTINE and LARGE INTESTINE肠
2 [+of] the deepest inner part of something (especially in the
phrase 尤用于短语 the bowels of the earth 地球内部) 内部，最
深处 - bowel adj [A]: a bowel disorder 泻肚，肠道疾病
bow. er /baue; 'baue/ n 1 a pleasant shaded place under trees
树阴处 2 old use or lit a BOUDOIR【旧或文】闺房
Bo. wie /`bor; 'beui/, David (1947-) an English singer, 
songwriter, and actor who was extremely successful in the
1970s. He invented a new and exciting style of popular music
which influenced many later musicians. Bowie was known for
wearing very unusual clothes, and he performed dressed as
different characters who sang their own songs, such as Ziggy
Stardust from the record The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust
and the Spiders from Mars (1972). 鲍伊〔(1947- )，英国歌手、
歌曲作家和演员，20世纪70年代极其成功，曾创造出流行音乐的
一种令人兴奋的新类型，影响了后来的音乐家。他以穿着特异，表
演时形象多变而闻名，如唱片《齐吉·斯塔达斯特的起跌与火星蜘
蛛》(1972)中的齐吉·斯塔达斯特〕
*bowl' /bol; beul/ n 1 (often in comb. 常构成复合词) a deep
round container open at the top, especially one deeper than a
BASIN, for holding liquids, flowers etc 碗；钵；盘：a soup bowl
汤碗| cereal bowl盛麦米的碗| a sugar bowl糖钵| a fruit
bowl 盛水果的盘| a glass bowl 玻璃碗 2 [(of)] also又作
bowl-ful /-ful; -ful/ - the amount a bowl will hold 一碗（之
量)：a bowl of fruit/rice 一碗水果[米饭] 3 anything in the
shape of a bowl 碗形物：the bowl of a tobacco pipelof a spoon/
of a toilet 烟斗的斗；匙子舀物的部分；抽水马桶的桶身 4 a bowl
of cherries a very pleasant thing, usually in the phrase life
isn't just a bowl of cherries 愉快的事〔通常用于短语 life isn't
just a bowl of cherries 生活里并非总是事事如意〕
bowl2v1 [I; T] a (in BOWLS or BOWLING) to roll (a ball) along
a surface(玩滚木球戏或保龄球时)使（球）滚动 b (in cricket) to
throw (a ball) at the BATSMAN〔玩板球时向击球员〕投（球） 2 [T
(OUT)](in cricket) to force (a BATSMAN) to leave the field by
hitting the WICKET behind him with a ball 〔玩板球时以球击中
三柱门)迫使（击球员）出局：He bowled me (out) with the very
first ball!他投第一球就击中三柱门使我出局了！
bowl along phr v [I] to move smoothly and quickly along平
稳而快速地行驶：The car bowled along at 90 mph. 汽车以每小
时90英里的速度平稳快速地行驶
bowl sbdy.  over phr y [T] 1 to knock down by running 撞
到：Someone ran round the corner and nearly bowled me over, 
有个人从拐角处跑来，差点把我撞倒。2[usually pass. 一般用
被动语态] to give a great, especially pleasant, surprise to使大
为惊喜：I was really bowled over by the news. 这消息确实令
我喜出望外
bowl3n 1 a ball for rolling in the game of BOWLS〔滚木球戏所
用的)木球 2 an act of rolling the ball in BOWLS or BOWLING滚
木球戏；保龄球戏
bow-legged /`bo lagd; 'beu legd/ adj (especially of a person)
having the legs curving outwards at the knee 弓形腿的，罗圈腿
的，外弯腿的
bowl-er1/`bola; 'beule/ n a person who BOWLs2, especially in
cricket〔尤指板球的〕投球手
bowler2 also 又作 bowler hat /·/ BrE【英】‖derby AmE
【美】-n a man's round hard hat, usually black, worn espe. 
cially by men who work in the City of London. Bowler hats
are not often worn now and are thought of as being old-
fashioned, but they still appear in humorous drawings and ad-
vertisements which show the typical Englishman. (男用硬圆顶
黑色〕常礼帽〔尤为在伦敦市工作的男子所戴，现在人们不常戴这
种帽子了，它被认为已经过时，但仍出现在一些幽默画和广告中，
代表典型的英国人)：the bowler hat brigade 那些常戴礼帽的
人
bowl game/' / n (in FOOTBALL (2) a match played as a spe-
cial event, sometimes to determine the best team in a group of
(usually college)teams〔美式橄榄球的〕季后赛〔有时用以选出最
佳球队，通常为大学生队)：Many bowl games are played
around Christmas and New Year's Day. 许多季后赛在圣诞节
和元旦期间举行。
bowl·ing /`bolin; 'beulin/ also 又作 tenpin bowling — n [U]
an indoor game in which a large heavy ball is rolled along a
wooden track in an attempt to knock down bottle-shaped
wooden objects 保龄球（运动） — compare 比较 BOWLS
bowling alley /'. / n a place for rolling the ball in BOWLING, 
or SKITTLES保龄球场[道]；撞柱戏球道
bowling ball /'. / n the heavy ball used in bowling, which
contains holes for fingers and thumb 保龄球
bowling green /'. / n an area of short smooth grass for play-
ing BOWLS 滚木球场
bowls /bolz; beulz/ n [U] an outdoor game played on grass in
which one tries to roll a big ball as near as possible to the JACK
(=a small ball). Bowls is usually played by older people. (草
地)滚木球戏〔玩滚木球戏者通常为较年长的人〕 — compare 比较
BOWLING
bow·man /`bomen; 'beumen/ n -men /-men; -men/ old use an
ARCHER【旧】弓箭手
bow·shot /`bo fat; 'beufot/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] espe. 
cially lit the distance from the place where an arrow is fired
to the place where it lands【尤文】〔弓箭的〕射程，一箭之遥
bow·sprit /bau sprit; 'beu, sprit/ n a pole sticking out from the
front of a ship(BOW5), to which ropes from the sails are fas-
tened 船首的斜桅〔系船帆绳索的地方〕
Bow Street /`bo strit; 'beu stri:t/ a street in London where there
is a police court 博街〔伦敦一街名，为警察法庭的所在地)：He
was remanded in custody until 28 June by Bow Street
Magistrates. 他被博街地方法官拘留至6月28日
Bow Street run. ner /，. . '·/ n a member of the first police
force in London, set up in 1748伦敦警察〔成立于1748年，为
伦敦第一警察部队的成员〕
bow tie /bo `tar; beu 'tai/ n a short TIE fastened at the front
with a knot in the shape of a BOW3 (3)， worn especially on
formal occasions 蝶形领结：a bow tie affair 需佩带领结的（正
式)场合
bow win dow /，bo `windo;, beu 'windeu/ n a window built
outwards from the wall in a curve 弓形窗，圆[凸]肚窗 - com-
pare 比较 BAY WINDOW
bow·wow /`bau`wau;, bau'wau/‖also又作 arf or woof AmE
【美】- interj(a word meant to be like the sound a dog makes)
汪汪〔即狗叫声〕
*box1 /baks; boks/ n 1 [C] (often in comb. 常构成复合词) a con
tainer for solid objects or substances, usually with stiff straight
sides and often with a lid 盒，匣，箱； a wooden/cardboard box
木箱；硬纸板箱| a tool box 工具箱| a shoebox 鞋盒| a box
of matches/tissues 一盒火柴；一盒纸巾 2 [C (of)] the amount a
box will hold 一盒 （之量） ：We ate a whole box of chocolates. 
我们吃了一整盒巧克力糖。3 [C] a small room or enclosed space
小室；隔开的小间：a telephone box 电话亭 | the witness box in
a law-court 法院的证人席 | the signal box on a railway line
铁路的信号亭 4 [C] a small enclosed space with seats in a
theatre, separate from the main seating area 〔戏院的〕包厢：the
royal box 王室专用包厢 5 [C] an apparatus used by cricketers
to protect the male sex organs〔板球运动员使用的〕下体护身
6 [the] slang television【俚】电视机：What's on the box tonight?
今晚电视有什么节目？7 [C] a PO BOX 邮政信箱 8 open the
box a phrase from a British television game show of the 1950s. 
In the game, a person had to choose between accepting an
amount of money and opening a special box that might con-
tain more money or a special prize, or might contain nothing
at all. 打开盒子〔20世纪50年代英国一电视游戏节目上说的一句
话。在游戏中，参加者必须作出选择：接受一笔钱，或者打开一个
0189
特别的盒子，盒子里可能装有更多的钱，也可能什么都没有〕-
see also 另见 BLACK BOX, CHRISTMAS BOX, MUSICAL BOX. 
WINDOW BOX
box2v [T] 1 to put in a box or boxes 把·装入箱[盒] 中：a boxea
set of books by the same author 同一个作者的一套盒装书 2
box the compass: a to name all 32 points of the COMPASS in
their correct order 依次列举罗盘的 32个方位 b to change course
completely; do the opposite of what was done at the beginning
彻底改变路线；一百八十度大转变，倒转过来
box sbdy. /sthg. in/up phr v [T often pass. 常用被动语态]
to enclose in a small space; CONFINE 把··困在狭小空间内：She
feels very boxed in/up in that tiny flat. 她呆在那套狭小的房子
里感到很闷气。
box3v [I(with, against); T] 1 to fight (someone) with the FISTS
(=closed hands), especially as a sport 与〔人)拳击〔尤指拳击比
赛) — compare 比较 WRESTLE 2 box someone's ears infml to
hit someone on the ears with the hands, especially as a
punishment【非正式】打（某人）耳光
box4n give/get a box on the ears infml to hit/be hit on the ears
【非正式】打耳光；吃耳光
box5n 1 [C; U] a small tree that keeps its dark stiff leaves dur-
ing the winter, often planted in rows as a wall or fence 黄杨
〔一种冬天不落叶的小树，常用作围墙)：a box hedge 黄杨篱笆
墙 2 [U] also 又作 boxwood - the hard wood of this tree 黄杨
木
Box and Cox /. . '/ adj, ady BrE old-fash infml sharing some-
thing by taking turns【英，过时，非正式】轮流的[地]，互相交替
的[地]
box. car /`baks kar; 'bokska:/ n AmE a roofed railway carriage
that carries goods【美】〔铁路上的〕有盖货车，棚车
box end wrench /，··'·/ n AmE for【美】= RING SPANNER
box·er /`bakse; 'bokse/ n 1 a person who boxes, especially
professionally 〔尤指职业〕拳击手 2 a large short-haired dog
usually light brown in colour 拳师狗
boxer shorts /'·/ n [P] underclothes for men, covering the
lower part of the body and the top part of the leg and made of
thin material, usually cotton 平脚短裤 — see 参见 PAIR
(USAGE)
box·ing /`baksin; 'boksin/ n [U] the sport of fighting with the
FISTS (=closed hands)拳击（运动）：a boxing match 拳击比赛
— see 参见 REFEREE (USAGE)
Boxing Day /'· / BrE the day after Christmas, which is a pub-
lic holiday in the UK, or the first Monday after Christmas if
Christmas is on a Friday or Saturday. It is called'Boxing Day
because traditionally it was the day when servants were given
a ‘Christmas box'(=a gift, usually of money) by their
employers. 【英】节礼日〔英国的法定假日，在圣诞节次日：如果圣
诞节是星期五或星期六，那么节礼日就推至星期一、按照传统，仆
人在那天可以收到其主人赠送的一个圣诞礼盒，常为金钱，因而得
名〕— see Feature on page B1 参见B1页文化特写
box junc·tion /'·/ n BrE a road JUNCTION with a pattern of
crossed yellow lines to warn drivers not to enter the area until
the way out is clear of traffic【英】〔前方有车辆时不得驶入的)
路口方形黄线区域
box lunch /'/ n AmE a meal that you buy in a box, especially
for taking to school or work【美】〔尤指带去学校或上班的〕盒装
午餐
box num·ber /'，·/ n also 又作 post office box, PO Box a
number used as a mailing address, especially in replying to
newspaper advertisements(邮政)信箱号码
box of·fice /'·/ n a place in a theatre, cinema, concert hall etc
where tickets are sold〔戏院、电影院、音乐厅等的〕售票处，票房：
Let's meet at the box office. 我们在售票处碰头吧。| The play
got bad reviews, but in box-office terms it was a great success
(=it was popular and therefore profitable)这出戏虽未受到好
评，但从票房上来看却非常成功。
box-room /`baksrum; 'boksrum/ n BrE a small room in a house
where SUITCASES, furniture etc are stored【英】〔家中放皮箱
家具等的〕储存室，杂物室
box·wood /`baks, wud;'bokswud/ n [U] BOX5(2)黄杨木
*boy1 /boi; boi/ n 1 a young male person 男孩，少年：Our new
baby is a boy. 我们新生的婴儿是个男孩。|“Come here, boy!'
shoutec the old man. “小孩, 过来!”老人喊道。 | Ther's a new
boy in our class at school. 我们班里来了一个新的男生。| a
boy actor 男童星 — see 参见 CHILD (USAGE) 2 a son, espe. 
cially a young one 〔尤指年轻的)儿子：My little boy hates
sausages, 我的小儿子不喜欢吃香肠。| We've got two boys and
one girl. 我们有两个儿子, 一个女儿。 3 (often in comb. 常构成
复合词) a boy or man working at a particular job 从事某种职业
的男子或男孩：a cowboy 牧童，牛仔| a delivery-boy 送货员
an office boy 办公室杂务员 4 infml, especially AmE a male
person of any age from a particular place【非正式，尤美】在某
地出生的男人：The people are proud of the local boy who be
came President. 当地人引为骄傲的是，他们那里的人当上了总
统。5 becoming rare (now considered offensive) a male ser-
vant of any age【渐罕】男仆〔带侮辱性)6 old-fash or humor【过
时或幽】(used in forming phrases for addressing men 对男性讲
话时的招呼用语)：Thank you, my boy/dear boy/old boy. 谢谢
您，老兄。7 boys will be boys saying it is in the character of
boys to do rough and dangerous things【谚】男孩子总归是男孩
子〔指男孩子生性淘气，爱冒险〕8 what are little boys made
of? a line from a NURSERY RHYME (=an old song or poem for
children). The answer is 'slugs and snails and puppy dogs'
tails'. 小男孩是什么做成的？〔儿歌中的一句，回答是“鼻涕虫、蜗
牛和小狗的尾巴”) — see also 另见 what are little girls made
of? (GIRL) - — see also 另见 BOYS, BLUE-EYED BOY, OLD BOY, 
PRINCIPAL BOY, WHIPPING BOY, WIDE BOY
boy2 interj infml, especially AmE【非正式，尤美】(expressing
excitement 表示兴奋的惊叹语)：Boy, what a game! 嘿！ 真是-
场精彩的比赛！
boy band /'/n a group of young men who sing, dance, and
make popular music records, such as Take That, Boyzone, and
BOYZ II MEN. Their records are bought especially by girls of
12-15 years old. 男孩乐队〔指唱歌、跳舞并灌制流行音乐唱片的
年轻男子组合，如“接招”乐队、“男孩地带”乐队和“从男孩到男
人”乐队等，他们的唱片尤为12至15岁的女孩所购买〕
boy. cott /boi kat; 'boikot/ v [T] to refuse to do business with. 
attend, or take part in, as a way of showing disapproval and
opposition 抵制，排斥；拒绝参加：They're boycotting the shop
because the people there are on strike. 他们拒绝与那家商店
做生意，因为那里的店员在罢工。|to boycott a meeting 拒绝出
席会议 - boycott n: to declare a boycott 宣布抵制行动
Boycott, Geof·frey /`d3fri; 'd3efri/ (1940- ) an English
CRICKETER, born in Yorkshire, who was a very successful BATS-
MAN and played for the English national team for many years. 
He became a cricket broadcaster, and is known for his strong
opinions about the game. 博伊科特〔(1940-)，英国板球运动
员，出生于约克郡，是一位出色的击球手，曾效力英国国家队多年，
并成为一名板球评论员，以对比赛的看法深入而闻名〕
boy friend /boi frend; 'boifrend/ n 1 a frequent or regular male
friend of a girl or woman, to whom she is not married. The
word is used especially when talking about the relationships
of young people. Older people usually prefer to use the word
partner'or‘friend'. 〔女子的〕男朋友〔该词尤用于指年轻人之
间的关系，年纪稍大的人更爱用“partner”或“friend”〕2 euph a
male lover【婉】情郎
Boy George /，/ (1961-)a British popular music singer and
songwriter who became successful with the group Culture Club
in the early 1980s, and was known for dressing like a woman
and wearing MAKE-UP. He later became a successful DISC
JOCKEY. 男孩乔治〔(1961-)，英国流行歌手和作曲家，20世纪
80年代初在“文化俱乐部”乐队中取得成功，他以女子装扮、化妆
而闻名，后来成为一名颇有成就的音乐节目主持人〕
boy·hood /`boihud; 'boihud/ n [C usually sing. 一般用单数； U]
the state or time of being a young boy 男孩的童年，少年时代
 — see also 另见 CHILDHOOD, GIRLHOOD
boy-ish /`boi-if; 'boi-if/ adj often apprec of or like a boy, espe
cially in appearance【常褒】男孩的，少年的；男孩似的，男孩子气
的；天真烂漫的〔尤指外表)：his boyish charm 他那天真少年的
魅力| her boyish figure 她那男孩般的身材 — ~ly adv — ~ness
n[U]
Boyne /boin; boim/, the Battle of the a famous battle in 1690
near the River Boyne in Ireland, in which Britain's Protestant
King William III defeated the former King James II(a
Catholic), and finally ended the attempts by the Catholic part
of the royal family to rule in Britain. It is still celebrated by
Protestants in Northern Ireland as a great victory over the
Catholics. 博因河战役〔指1690年信奉新教的英国国王威廉三世
在爱尔兰博因河附近打败信奉天主教的前国王詹姆斯二世的一次
战役，最后粉碎了王室中的天主教成员统治英国的企图，北爱尔兰
的新教教徒至今仍把该战役作为对天主教徒的胜利来庆祝〕— see
Feature on page B12参见B12页文化特写
boys /boiz; boiz/ n [the+P] infml a man's male friends; a group
of men【非正式】〔男人的〕男性朋友们；一群男伙伴：to spend a
night out with the boys 同一群男性朋友一起度过一晚
Boys' Bri-gade, the /'/ an organization which was set up
in Britain in 1883 to encourage boys to develop team spirit
and responsible behaviour 少年大队〔1883年成立于英国的一个
组织，旨在培养男孩子团队精神和责任心
boy scout / '·/ a SCOUT1 (1a)童子军
0190
boy·sen·ber. ry /boisn beri; 'boizanbari/ n a fruit similar to the
BLACKBERRY博伊森莓
Boys' Own // adj (used to describe men) doing brave ex. 
citing things, like a HERO in an adventure story. The Boys
Own Paper was a boys'magazine sold in the late 19th cen-
tury and early 20th century in Britain which contained adven-
ture stories〔形容男子〕有英雄般举动的〔《男孩专刊》是19世纪
末、20世纪初在英国销售的一份登载冒险故事的男童杂志)：He
has been callec a swashbuckling Boys' Own hero. 他一直被
称作神气活现的英雄。| His background is the stuff of boys
own papers. 他的经历充满冒险故事
Boyz ll Men /，boiz tu `mEn;, boiz tu: 'men/ a US BOY BAND (=
group of attractive young men who sing and dance, and are
popular especially with young girls)who perform RHYTHM AND
BLUES music. Their songs include End of the Road and I'll
Make Love To You. “从男孩到男人”乐队〔美国男孩乐队组合, 
演唱节奏与布鲁斯歌曲，包括《路之尽头》和《我要向你求爱》〕
bo. zo /`bozo; 'beuzeu/ n -zos slang, especially AmE a person
who is stupid or foolish, or who behaves like a CLOWN【俚，尤
美】笨蛋，傻瓜
BP /，bi `pi;bi: 'pi:/ 1 trademark abbrev. for 缩写= British
Petroleum; a British company producing petrol and chemicals
In 1998， BP joined with the US oil company Amoco to form
BP Amoco, one of the largest companies in the world. 【商标】
英国石油公司〔1998年与美国石油公司合并组成了英美石油公司. 
为世界规模最大的公司之一)2 British Pharmacopeia; a book
listing drugs with their uses etc, as approved by the British
medical bodies《英国药典》
BPhil /，bi `fil; bi: 'fil/ n Bachelor of Philosophy; a university
degree at a level higher than a BA or MA, but lower than a
PhD. BPhil is written after someone's name to show that they
have this degree. 哲学学士〔大学学位，高于文学学士和文学硕士
低于哲学博士，置于某人名字后以示拥有该学位)：O. P. Sharma
BPhil哲学学士O. P. 夏尔马
B. P. O. E. written abbrev. for 缩写= The Benevolent and Pro-
tective Order of Elks — see 参见 ELKS
Br written abbrey, for 缩写= 1 BROTHER'(2) in a religious
society 〔宗教组织的〕修士：Br Maurice 莫里斯修士 2 British
英国人；英国的
BR /bi`ar;bi: 'a:/ abbrev. for 缩写= BRITISH RAII
bra /bra; bra:/ also 又作 brassiere fml【正式】-n a woman's
close-fitting undergarment worn to support the breasts. In the
1960s many women who supported the WOMEN'S LIBERATION
movement burnt their bras as a protest. 乳罩〔20世纪60年代
许多支持妇女解放运动的女士焚烧乳罩以示抗议〕
braai /brai; brai/ n SAfrE【南非】1 an outdoor party with food
that is cooked outdoors; BARBECUE 烧烤野餐 2 a metal frame
over a fire, used for cooking food outdoors烤架
brace1/bres; breis/ n 1 BrE a frame made of metal wires, which
some children wear on their teeth to make them grow straight:
BRACES【英】（儿童）牙齿矫正器 2 something that is worn or used
to support something 支撑物，支架：She had to wear a neck
brace for 6 weeks. 她必须戴六个星期颈托。3 a brace of some-
thing two birds or animals that have been killed for food or
sport 〔指猎杀的鸟类、兽类〕一对，一双：three brace of pheas. 
ants 三对野鸡 4 one of a pair of signs {} used to show that the
information printed between them should be considered to
gether 一对大括弧{}中的一个
brace2v [T] 1 to make stronger, especially by supporting with
a brace 支撑；加固：We had to brace the walls when we put the
new roof on. 我们盖新屋顶时，不得不把墙支撑住。2 [(for)] to
prepare (yourself) for something unpleasant or difficult准备
迎接（困难）；使振作精神：Brace yourself for a shock! 准备听
坏消息吧！ | The country is bracing itself for the threatened
enemy invasion. 这个国家正准备奋起抵抗敌人的入侵威胁
brace and bit /'/ n a simple hand tool used for making
holes in wood 手摇曲柄钻孔器
bracelet /`breslit; 'breislt/ n a band or ring worn round the
wrist or arm as a decoration 手镯；臂镯：a gold bracelet 一只金
手镯 — compare 比较 BANGLE
brac·es /`bresiz; 'breisz/ n [P] 1 BrE【英】two long thin pieces
of cloth that stretch over someone's shoulders and fasten to
their trousers at the front and back, to stop the trousers falling
down; AmE【美】SUSPENDERS 〔裤子的〕背带 — see 参见 PAIR
(USAGE) 2 especially AmE【尤美】a frame made of metal
wires, which some children wear on their teeth to make them
grow straight; BrE【英】BRACE （儿童）牙齿矫正器：Tara's get-
ting braces. 塔拉戴着牙齿矫正器
brac·ing /`bresin; 'breisin/ adj apprec (especially of air) fresh
and health-giving; invigorating(INVIGORATE)【褒】〔尤指空气)
令人心神清爽的，提神的；令人振奋的：a bracing sea breeze令
人精神爽快的海风|a bracing climate 令人心神清爽的气候
brack·en /`braeken; 'braeken/ n [U] a plant (a kind of FERN)
which commonly grows in woods and forests, on hills etc, and
becomes a rich red-brown in autumn蕨；羊齿植物
brack. et1 /`braekit; 'braekt/ n 1 a structure of metal, wood, or
plastic, often in the shape of a right angle, fixed to a wall to
support something, such as a shelf or lamp〔钉在墙上的)托架，
托座，角撑架 2 [usually pl. 一般用复数] a also 又作 square
bracket - either of the pair of signs [ ] used for enclosing a
piece of information 一对方括弧[]中的一个：to put something
in brackets 把··放在方括弧内 b also 又作 angle bracket
. . 
either of the pair of signs < >used for enclosing a piece of
information 一对尖括弧<>中的一个 c also 又作 round bracket
- either of the pair of signs( )； PARENTHESIS 一对圆括弧()
中的一个 — compare 比较 BRACE1 (3) 3 a group or class fixed
according to certain upper and lower limits 〔按一定标准区分
的)等级，类别阶层：The party is popular with the 18-25 age
bracket. 这个政党在18至25岁的青年中很受欢迎
bracket2y [T] 1 [(OFF)] to enclose in brackets 把·放在括弧内
2 [(TOGETHER, with)] to regard, perhaps wrongly, as belong-
ing to the same group or type 把·视为同类；将·相提并论：In
his article, the peace protesters were unfairly bracketed with
the football hooligans. 他在文章中很不公正地把和平抗议的人
同球迷闹事者相提并论
brack. ish /`braekif; 'braekif/ adj(of water) not pure; a little salty
水〕微咸的，略含盐分的 — ~ness n[U]
Brack. nell /`braeknl; 'braeknal/, Lady a character in Oscar
Wilde's play The IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST, remem-
bered especially for using the phrase'A handbag?', said with
great surprise 布拉克内尔〔奥斯卡·王尔德所著《认真的重要性)
一剧中的人物，给人们印象尤为深刻的是她十分惊讶地说“手提
包？”)
brad /braed; braed/ n AmE a small metal object like a button
with two metal sticks, used to hold several pieces of paper
together【美】圆形纸夹
brad. awl /braed, ol; 'braedo:l/ n a small tool with a sharp point
for making holes〔打孔用的〕小锥子，打眼锥
Brad. bu. ry /`braedberi; 'braedbari/, Ray (1920- )an American
writer of SCIENCE FICTION whose stories include Fahrenhei
451 and The Halloween Tree 布雷德伯里〔(1920- )，美国科
幻小说作家，作品包括《华氏451度》和《万圣树》〕
Brad-ford /`braedfa-d; 'braedfed/ an industrial city in the N of
England which is a centre of the woollen industry and where
many Asian people now live 布雷德福〔位于英格兰北部的一个
工业城市，为羊毛工业中心，现有许多亚洲人居住〕
Bradford, Bar-ba-ra Tay. lor /barbere `tela; 'ba:bere 'teile/
(1933-)a British writer of very popular novels, many of which
have been made into television films. Her stories, which are
read especially by women, are often about strong, intelligent
women who work hard to succeed in a world where men have
most of the power. 布雷德福〔(1933-)，英国畅销小说作家，许
多作品已被搬上电视。她的小说尤以女性读者居多，常讲述坚强聪
颖的女性在这个男性掌权的世界上努力工作，终于成功的故事〕
Brad·man /`braedmen; 'braedmen/, Sir Don. ald /`danld:
donald/(1908-)an Australian cricketer, one of the best bats-
men (BATSMAN) ever to have played 布雷德曼〔 (1908- )，澳
大利亚板球运动员，有史以来最杰出的击球手之一〕
Brad. shaw /`braedfo; 'braedfo:/ n the railway TIMETABLE
(=book with lists showing the times of train services) which
was used in the UK from the 19th century until the middle of
the 20th century《布拉德肖铁路指南》〔19世纪至20世纪中期英
国的铁路时刻表〕
Bradshaw, Ter-ry /teri; 'teri/ (1948- )a US FOOTBALL player
who was a famous QUARTERBACK for the Pittsburgh Steelers
team in the 1970s and helped them win four SUPER BOWLS 布
拉德肖〔(1948-)，美国橄榄球运动员，20世纪70年代匹兹堡钢
铁工人队著名的四分卫，曾帮助全队4次获得超级杯赛冠军)
Brady, lan — see 参 MOORS MURDERERS
Bra-dy Bunch, The /`bredi bantf; 'breidi, bantf/ an Americar
television programme of the 1960s and 1970s about a large
family. Some people talk about the Brady Bunch as an ex-
ample of an impossibly good family with few real problems. 
《布雷迪·邦奇一家》〔美国20世纪60、70年代播出的一部有关一
个大家庭的电视连续剧，有些人用布雷迪·邦奇一家代表一个几乎
没有现实问题存在的极其美满幸福的家庭典型)：The family
across the street seemed like the Brady Bunch at first, but we
soon learned that there were all sorts of tensions underneath. 
街对面的那家人起初似乎美满如布雷迪·邦奇一家，可很快我们就
发现他们中间其实也存在着各种紧张的关系
0191
brae /bre; brei/ n ScotE a hillside; slope【苏格兰】山坡；斜坡
brag /breg; braeg/ v-gg- [I (about, of); T+that; obj] derog to
talk too proudly about yourself, your possessions etc; BOAST
【贬】自夸，吹嘘：Don't brag!不要夸口！|She bragged about
her connections in the film world. 她吹嘘自己在电影界有不少
熟人。
Bragg /braeg; braeg/, Mel-vyn /`m3lvin; 'melvn/(1939-)a
British writer and presenter of television and radio programmes
about art, music, literature, films etc, including a well-known
brogramme called The South Bank Show. He is now called
Lord Bragg, and represents the Labour Party in the House of
Lords. 布拉格〔(1939-)，英国作家，艺术、音乐、文学、电影等广
播电视节目的主持人，包括著名节目《南岸》。他现在被称为布拉
格勋爵，在下议院代表工党〕
brag·ga. do. ci·o /braege`dofio;braege'deofieu/ n [U] espe. 
cially lit or humor noisy bragging【尤文或幽】大吹大擂
Brah-ma /'brame; 'bra:me/ one of the three main gods in the
Hindu religion, who is considered to be the god of CREATION
梵天〔印度教三大神之一，被视为创造之神〕 — see also另见
SHIVA. VISHNU
Brah·min /`bramen; 'bra:mn/ also 又作 Brahman /`bramen
bra:men/-n a Hindu who belongs to the rank of priest o
teacher in the Indian CASTE system 婆罗门〔印度种姓四大等级
中的最高等级，即僧侣)
Brahms /bramz; bra:mz/, Jo. han. nes /jo`haenes; jeo'haenes/
(1833-1897) a German writer of music known for his sympho
nies (SYMPHONY) and CONCERTOS 勃拉姆斯〔(1833-1897)，德
国作曲家，以交响乐和协奏曲闻名)
braid' /bred; breid/ especially AmE【尤美】‖plait especially
BrE【尤英】-v [T] to twist together three or more lengths of
(hair, thread etc) to form one ropelike length编，把··打成缏
子：把头发梳成辫子
braid2n 1 [U] threads of silk, gold etc, twisted to form a narrow
decorative border for material〔丝等编成的装饰性〕带子，穗带
gold braid for a naval officer's uniform 海军军官制服上的金
色穗带 2 [C often pl. 常用复数] especially AmE【尤美】‖plait
especially BrE【尤英】- a length of hair formed by twisting
together three or more lengths发辫，辫子
braille /brel; breil/ n [U] (sometimes cap. 有时用大写) a forn
of printing with raised round marks which blind people can
read by touching 〔盲人用的〕点字，盲文
*brain' /bren; brein/ n 1 [C] the organ of the body in the upper
oart of the head, which controls thought, feeling, and physical
activity 脑（子）；脑髓：The brain is the centre of higher ner
yous activity. 大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。| He suffered se-
vere brain damage as a result of the accident. 在事故中，他的
大脑受到严重损害。2 [C;U] also 又作 brains pl. - the ability
to think clearly, quickly, and well; INTELLIGENCE 智力，智慧
头脑，脑筋：a good brain 脑筋好 | She's certainly got a brain
plenty of brains. 她确实很有头脑；她确实很聪明。|He hasn't
got much (of a) brain. 他脑子不太灵。| It takes brains to think
of something like that! 能想得出那么个主意来是要有很高智慧
的。3 [C] also 又作 brains pl. - infml a person with a very
good mind【非正式】极聪明的人，智者：Some of the best brains
in the country are working on this project. 从事这项工程的是
全国一些最优秀的人才。| His partner was the brains behind
the venture. 他的同伴是为这项计划出谋献策的智囊。4 have
something on the brain infml to think about something
continually【非正式】一直想着某事：I've got that song on the
brain today. 今天我脑子里一直想着那首歌。 I He seems to have
sex on the brain! 他脑子里装的似乎全是男女之事！ 5 -brained
-brend;-breind/ having a brain of the stated type 有某类头脑
的：bird-brained(=silly)没有头脑的，愚笨的|scatter-brained
(=careless and unthinking)不专心的：轻率的，心神不定的-
see also 另见 beat one's brains out (BEAT' (10)， blow
someone's brains out (BLOW'(16), rack your brains (RACK2
brain2v [T] infml to hit (someone) very hard on the head, espe. 
cially so as to break their SKULL【非正式】重击〔人〕的头部，打
破〔人〕的脑壳
brain-child /bren tfaild; 'breintfaild/ n [S] infml someone's
idea or invention, especially if successful【非正式】智力产儿
脑力劳动成果，新创造：This festival was the brainchild of the
local mayor. 举办这个节日是当地市长想出来的好主意。
brain dam. age /'. /n [U] any INJURY or damage to the brain, 
which may be either temporary or permanent 脑损伤：She
suffered brain damage in the car crash. 在车祸中她受了脑损
伤。| irreversible brain damage 无法医治的脑损伤 - brain-
damaged adj: severely brain-damaged大脑严重损伤的 | born
brain-damaged先天性脑损伤的
brain dead . . / adj [no comp 无比较级] 1 med in a state in
which brain death has happened【医】脑死亡的，患脑死亡症的
She was pronounced brain dead on Sunday, 星期天她被宣告
脑死亡。2 infml, derog (of a person) stupid; slow to understand
【非正式，贬】〔指人〕愚蠢的，理解力差的，迟钝的：a television
film for the brain dead 为笨蛋制作的一部电视片
brain death /'/n [U] med the failure of a person's breathing
and other actions of the body because of brain damage, even
though the heart may continue to beat when the body is on a
life-supporting machine【医】脑死亡
brain drain //n a movement of large numbers of highly
skilled or professional people from the country where they were
trained to other countries where they can earn more money人
才外流
brain. less /brenlis; 'breinles/ adj silly; stupid 没有头脑的，傻
的，愚笨的 — ~ly adv
brain stem /'/n the part of the brain that connects the left
and right sides of the brain together, and is also connected to
the SPINAL CORD. It controls many of the things that your body
does, including breathing and the beating of your heart, 脑干
〔脑内连接左、右脑及脊髓的部分，控制人体大部分的活动，包括呼
吸、心跳等〕
brain-storm /bren storm; 'breimsto:m/ n infml【非正式】1 BrE
a sudden disorder of the mind or change from sensible
behaviour, lasting only a short time【英】脑猝病，〔短暂的〕突发
性精神错乱：I had a brainstorm and forgot to sign any of the
cheques. 我（一时）糊涂，所有的支票上都忘了签字。2 AmE for
【美】=BRAINWAVE
brain. stor-ming /bren stormin; 'breinsto:min/n [U] especially
AmE a method of finding answers to problems in which all the
members of a group think very quickly of as many ideas as
they can【尤美】集体解决难题，大家出主意，献计献策，合力攻关
brains trust /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖ brain trust AmE【美】— n
[C+sing. /pl. v] a group of people with special knowledge and
experience who answer questions or give advice智囊团；专家
顾问团，专业人士参谋本部
brain sur. geon /'. . / n a doctor who operates on the human
brain. Brain surgeons are thought of as very well-educated, 
clever, and skilful people 脑外科医生：She's doing alright at
school, but she'll never be a brain surgeon. 她在学校里功课
不错，但永远也做不成脑外科医生
brain. teas. er /brentize; 'breinti:ze/ n a problem to exercise
the mind, especially one that is to be answered for pleasure;
PUZZLE 测试人头脑的机敏性难题，〔尤指〕智力测验游戏
brain·wash /`bren, waf; 'breinwpf/ v [T (into)] derog to cause
(someone)to change their beliefs and ideas, by a system of
forceful continuous persuading【贬】对··进行洗脑，把某种思想
强加于，通过宣传灌输说服：to brainwash political prisoners 对
政治犯进行洗脑 | (infml 非正式) Don't let those television
advertisements brainwash you into buying that soap. 不要受
电视上的广告宣传影响而真的去买那种肥皂。 — ~ing n[U]
brain-wave /^`bren, wev; 'breinweiv/ n 1 infml ‖also又作 brain. 
storm AmE【美】a sudden clever idea【非正式】灵感，突然想到
的妙计：I've just had a brainwave. Here's what we should
do!我突然想到了一个妙计，我们应该这样做！ 2 [usually pl. —
般用复数] tech an electrical force that is produced by the brair
and can be measured【术语】脑（电）波
brain·y /`breni; 'breini/ adj infml clever; INTELLIGENT【非正式】
聪明的，多智的-see参见CLEVER(USAGE)--iness n[U]
braise /brez; breiz/ v [T] to cook (meat or vegetables) slowly in
fat and a little liquid in a covered dish 炖，焖，用文火煮； braised
celery 焖芹菜 — see 参见 COOK (USAGE)
braising steak /'. / n [U] cow meat that is cheaper and lower
in quality than steak, usually used in small pieces and cooked
in liquid to make it tender 供炖[煮]的牛肉〔价格比牛排低，质
量不及牛排，常切成小块炖煮以使其嫩
brake'/brek; breik/ n an apparatus for reducing movement of a
vehicle and bringing it to a stop, especially by means of pres-
sure on the wheels 刹车，制动器，车闸：emergency brakes 紧急
制动器 | to step hard on the brake 猛踩刹车 | (fig. 喻) The
rise in interest rates acted as a brake on expenditure. 利率的
提高起到了抑制消费的作用。 — see also另见 DISC BRAKES
brake2y [I: T] to (cause to) slow or stop by using a brake(使)
用刹车减速，用刹车（使）停住：She braked suddenly to avoid
the dog. 为了不撞上那条狗，她突然急刹车
brake3 n an area of rough or wet land with many low-growing
wild bushes and plants丛林（地带）
brake light /' ·/ n a usually red light at the back of a vehicle. 
which lights up when the driver presses the brake(位于汽车尾
部，刹车时即亮起的〕红色制动信号灯
brake shoe /'/n either of a pair of curved plates next to the
0192
wheel of a vehicle that may be pressed against it to stop it of
slow it down 闸瓦，制动瓦
bram. ble /`braembl; 'braembal/ n a common wild prickly bush
of the rose family, especially the wild BLACKBERRY 悬钩子属
植物〔尤指野生黑莓〕
Bram. ley /braemli; 'braemli/ n a type of green apple with a firm
juicy flesh, used for cooking 〔供烹食用的)绿色大苹果
bran /braen; braen/ n [U] the crushed skin of wheat and other
grain separated from the flour. It is believed that bran is healthy
because it contains a lot of FIBRE, and some people like to add
it to their breakfast CEREAL. 麦麸；糠；谷皮〔因多纤维而被认为
有益健康，有些人喜欢在谷类早餐食品中加入麸皮
Bran. agh /`braene; 'braene/, Ken. neth /^kne0; 'kene0/(1960-)
a British actor and film DIRECTOR, known especially for his
films of Shakespeare plays such as Much Ado about Nothing
Hamlet, Henry V, and Othello布拉纳〔(1960-)，英国演员和
电影导演，以拍摄根据莎士比亚戏剧改编的影片而闻名，如《无事
生非》、《哈姆雷特》、《亨利五世》和《奥赛罗》〕
*branch'/braentf; bra:ntf/ n 1 an armlike stem growing from
the trunk of a tree or from another such stem 树枝；枝状物：
monkeys swinging from the branches 在树枝上荡来荡去的猴
子 | an overhanging branch 悬垂的树枝 2 [(of)] a separate
and usually less important part of something larger 分支；支线：
支流； a branch of a river 河的支流 | a branch line on a rail-
way network 铁路 （网）的一条支线 3 [(of)] a part or divisior
of a large organization, group, area of knowledge etc 部门：分
支机构；〔学科等的〕分科：Psychiatry is a branch of medicine. 
精神病学是医学的一个分支。| The bank has branches all over
the country. 这家银行在全国都有分行。| He's the chairmar
of the local branch of the union, 他是工会的地方分会主席。
*branch2y [I] to form or become divided into branches 分支；分
岔：Turn right where the road branches. 在这条路的分岔处往
右拐。
branch off phr v [I (from)] to leave a main road, an estab-
lished course of action etc 离开干线；走入岔道；转移，分心：They
branched off from the main road and turned down a country
lane. 他们离开干道，转入乡村小路
branch out phr v [I (into)] to add to the range of one's in
terests or activities 扩大〔兴趣、活动)范围：The bookshop has
decided to branch out into selling records and tapes. 那家书
店决定扩大营业范围，加卖唱片和磁带
brand1 /braend; braend/ n 1 [(of)] a class of goods which is the
product of a particular company or producer 商标；牌子：What
is your favourite brand of cigarettes?你最喜欢哪种牌子的香
烟？| The brand name of this soap is 'Flower'. 这种肥皂的商
标名叫“鲜花牌”。| This type of coffee is the brand leader
(=the brand that is sold in the largest quantities)这种（牌子的）
咖啡最受欢迎。| (fig. 喻) He has his own brand (=special kind)
of humour. 他有独特的幽默感。— see 参见 MAKE(USAGE)2
a mark made, especially by burning, usually to show the owner
of something 烙印〔一般以标明该物属何人)：These cattle have
my brand on them. 这些牛身上打了烙印，标明是我的牛。3 lit a
piece of burnt or burning wood【文】一块燃烧着[过]的木头
poet a sword【诗】剑
brand2v [T] 1 to mark (something) by or as if by burning
especially to show who owns it 给〔某物〕打上烙印〔尤指为了
标明其主人)：The cattle are branded with the farmer's initials
这个农民给他的牛烙上了自己姓名的首字母。|(fig. 喻)His
unhappy childhood has branded him for life. (=had a lasting
effect on his character)他不愉快的童年在他心灵上留下了终身
的烙印。2 [(as)] to give a lasting bad name to; STIGMATIZE给
加上永久性的污名：It's unfair to brand all football supporters
as troublemakers. 给所有足球迷都加上闹事者的污名是不公平
的。[ [+obj+n] The press branded him a liar. 报界给他加上说
谎者的臭名。
Brand, Jo /d3o; d3e0/ (1958-)a British COMEDIAN known for
her jokes about men and about eating and being fat but not
caring about it 布兰德〔(1958-)，英国女喜剧演员，以有关男性
及吃了发胖但毫不在意的笑话而闻名〕
bran. dish /`braendif; 'braendif/ v [T] to shake or wave
(something, especially a weapon) about, often in a threatening
way （威胁性地） 挥舞〔尤指武器)：He brandished a newspaper
at me and said, \"Have you seen the news?”他向我挥舞着报
纸说：“你看过这条新闻吗？”
brand name /'/ n a TRADE NAME 商标名
brand-new /· ·√ adi new and completely unused 崭新的，未
用过的：Be careful with that record - it's brand-new! 那张唱
片是全新的 ——请小心！| a brand-new car 一辆崭新的汽车
Bran. do /`braendo; 'braendeu/, Mar. lon /`marlen; 'ma:lon/
(1924-)a US actor who is regarded as one of the best actors
in the history of the cinema. His films include The Wild One
On the Waterfront, The GODFATHER, and Apocalypse Now. 
He is known for using the style of acting called the METHOD. 
马龙·白兰度〔(1924-)，美国演员，被认为是电影史上最出色的
演员之一，演出过的影片有《野蛮人》、《码头风云》、《教父》和《现
代启示录》，以体验派表演方法闻名〕
Brands Hatch /，braendz `haetf; braendz 'haetf/ a motor-racing
CIRCUIT(1)in Kent, England布兰兹·哈奇环形赛车路线〔位于
英格兰的肯特郡
Brandt /braent; braent/, Wil. ly /`vili; 'vili/ (1913-1992) a Ger-
man politician who was Chancellor of West Germany from
1969 to 1974. He is known especially for trying to improve
relations between East and West Germany and for his support
for the European Union. 勃兰特〔(1913-1992)，德国政治家，
1969年至1974年间任西德总理，尤以致力于改善东德与西德的
关系及支持欧盟而著称
bran-dy /braendi; 'braendi/ n [C; U] (a glass of) a strong alco-
holic drink made from wine, also called COGNAC(一杯)白兰
地酒
brandy but. ter /··/ n [U] a sweet mixture of butter, sugar, 
and brandy, usually eaten with CHRISTMAS PUDDING or MINCE
PIES白兰地黄油〔用黄油、糖和白兰地混和制成，通常涂在圣诞布
丁或百果馅饼上食用〕
brandy snap /'· / n a sweet, thin BISCUIT in the shape of a
tube, sometimes filled with cream 白兰地酒味手指脆饼〔有时
夹有奶油
Bran·son /`braensn; 'braensan/. Richard (1950- ) a British busi-
nessman who started the VIRGIN companies, which include a
record company, an AIRLINE, a financial services company, and
a train company. He is seen as different from the typical
businessman, because he has long hair, does not wear a suit
etc. He has also made several attempts to go around the world
in a BALLOON. 布兰森〔(1950-)，英国企业家，曾创办维珍集团，
包括一家唱片公司、一家航空公司，一家金融服务公司和一家铁路
运输公司。因为他留长发，不穿西装等，所以看上去与典型的企业
家不一样。他曾几次尝试坐气球环球旅行〕
Bran·ston Pick. le /，braenstn`pikl; braenstan 'pikal/ trademark
a type of CHUTNEY, which is very popular in the UK and is
often eaten in SANDWICHes with cheese【商标】“布兰斯顿”酸
辣酱〔在英国极畅销的一种酸辣酱，常与奶酪一起夹在三明治中食
用〕
bran tub /'/ n BrE a TUB (=large round open container) filled
with bran and containing small presents. Children pay a small
amount of money and can then put their hand into the bran tub
to find a surprise present. 【英】摸彩桶〔指装满麸皮、内藏小礼物
的一个开口大桶。孩子付一点钱就可以伸手进去摸一件令人惊喜
的礼物〕
Braque /brak; bra:k/, Georges (1882-1963)a French painter
who worked with PICASSO and was one of those who startec
the movement known as CUBISM 布拉克〔(1882-1963)，法国
画家，曾与毕加索合作，是立体主义绘画运动的发起人之一〕
brash /braef; braef/ adj derog【贬】1 showing a disrespectful or
showy self-confidence 无礼的；傲慢的；厚颜无耻的：a loud
brash young man 一个粗俗傲慢的年轻人| the new part of the
city, with its brash and vulgar buildings 城市中建筑浮华而俗
气的新区 2 hasty and too confident, especially from lack of
experience;RASH〔尤指因缺乏经验而〕急躁的，仓促的，轻率的
莽撞的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
Bra. sil-i. a /bre`zilie; bre'zilie/ the capital city of Brazil. Brasilia
is a new city, which was built in 1960. Before that, the capital
of Brazil was RIO DE JANEIRO. 巴西利亚〔巴西首都，是建于1960
年的新兴城市。在此之前，巴西首都是里约热内卢
*brass /braes; bra:s/ n 1 [U] a very hard bright yellow metal, a
mixture of COPPER and ZINC 黄铜<铜锌合金> 2 [the+sing. /pl
v](the players of) the set of musical instruments in an OR
CHESTRA or band that are made of brass and are played by
blowing 铜管乐器：铜管乐队：The brass is/are too loud. 铜管
乐器的声音太响了。 — compare 比较 WOODWIND 3 [C] (espe-
cially in Britain) a flat piece of brass with an ENGRAVING on it. 
fixed to the floor or wall of a church in memory of a dead
person〔尤指英国为纪念已故者嵌在教堂地板上或墙壁上刻有肖
像纹章等的〕黄铜纪念牌：to go brass rubbing (=to make cop-
ies of brasses with paper and CRAYONS)(用纸及彩笔)把黄铜
纪念牌上的文字拓下来，摹拓 4 [U] infml unashamed self-
confidence; NERVE【非正式】厚脸皮； How did she have the
brass to do that?她怎么有脸做那种事呢？ 5 [U] slang, espe-
cially NEngE money【俚，尤英格兰北部】钱 6 [the+sing. /pl. v]
AmE infml for【美，非正式】=TOP BRASS 7 get down to brass
tacks infml to come to the really important facts or business
【非正式】谈正事，谈要事
0193
mouthpiece
吹口
brass band / / n a band consisting mostly of brass musical
instruments. When British people think of brass bands, they
often think of the industrial towns of the North of England
where brass bands are very popular. In the US, brass bands are
popular with older people, and are often part of street
processions. 铜管乐队〔英国人通常将铜管乐队和英格兰北部铜管
乐队非常流行的一些工业城镇联系在一起。在美国，铜管乐队深受
年龄较长的人喜爱，通常是街道游行的一部分)
brassed off /，braest `of; bra:st 'of/ adj [F (with)] BrE slang
tired and annoyed; FED UP【英俚】厌倦的，厌烦的
bras. se·rie /braes`ri; 'braeseri/ n Fr, BrE a restaurant, espe
cially one that is informal and fairly cheap, and serves French
food【法，英】〔出售法国食品的〕啤酒店，小餐馆
brass hat /，· '·/ n slang a military officer of high rank【俚】高级
军官
bras. si. ca /`braesike; 'braesike/ n a vegetable with large greer
leaves, such as a CABBAGE 芸苔属植物〔指甘蓝等具有大片绿叶
的蔬菜〕
bras·si·ere /bre`zir; 'braezie/ n fml a BRA【正式】乳罩
brass knuck·les /， '·/ n [P] AmE for【美】= KNUCKLE-DUSTER
brass-mon-key / ·/ adj infml (of weather) very cold (from
the taboo slang expression'cold enough to freeze the balls off
a brass monkey')【非正式】〔指天气〕极寒冷的〔出自禁忌俚语“冷
得能冻掉铜猴身上的睾丸”〕
brass tacks / '/n get down to brass tacks infml to come to
the really important facts or business【非正式】言归正传，谈实
质性问题
brass·y /`braesi; 'bra:si/ adj 1 like brass in colour 黄铜色的
2 like brass musical instruments in sound 声音像铜管乐器的
3 usually derog (especially of a woman) loud and self-confident
in manner【一般贬】〔尤指妇女〕吵吵嚷嚷的，厚颜无耻的
brat /braet; braet/ n derog a child, especially a bad-mannered
one【贬】小坏蛋，淘气鬼
brat·pack /`braetpaek; 'braetpaek/ n [the] a group of successful
and fashionable young actors, writers, performers, etc 一群成
功、时髦的年轻演员[作家、表演家等]：amember of the Holly-
wood bratpack 一位好莱坞青年名演员 | the literary bratpack
这一群青年名作家
brat·wurst /`braetw3st; 'braetw3:st/ n [U] Ger a SAUSAGE made
with PORK, for cooking in hot oil【德】〔供油煎食用的〕猪肉香肠
Braun /braun; braun/, E·va /`eve; 'eive/ (1910-1945) a German
Nazi who married Adolf Hitler in 1945 and then killed herself
at the same time as he did 布劳恩〔(1910-1945)，德国纳粹分
子，1945年与阿道夫·希特勒成婚，后与他一起自杀〕
bra. va. do /bre`vado; bre'va:deu/ n [U] the act of intentionally
showing your courage or confidence, especially in a way that
is unnecessarily dangerous 故作勇敢，逞强的行动，虚张声势：It
was an act of sheer bravado, 这完全是逞强的行为
*brave'/brev; breiv/ adj 1 courageous, fearless, and ready to
suffer danger or pain 勇敢的：无畏的； brave soldiers 勇敢的士
兵| a brave attempt to recapture the city from the enemy 从
敌人手中夺回城市的英勇尝试|Be brave — we'll soon have
your tooth out. 勇敢些 —我们很快就会把你的牙拔出来的。|
It was very brave of you to stand up and speak in front of all
those people. 你能面对那些人站起来讲话，真够勇敢的。|[also
又作 n, the+P] Today we remember the brave who died in the
last war. 我们今天来纪念在上次战争中英勇牺牲的人。2 [A] old
use fine; EXCELLENT【旧】美好的；极好的：a brave new world
美丽新世界 3 brave new world a phrase from The Tempest by
Shakespeare and the title of a NOVEL by Aldous Huxley 美丽
新世界〔莎士比亚《暴风雨》中的短语，也是奥尔德斯·赫胥黎一部
小说的书名〕 — ~ly ady — ~ry /`breveri; 'breiveri/ n [U]; bray-
ery in the face of terrible danger 面对极度危险的勇气
brave2y [T] to face or risk facing (danger, pain, or trouble)
without showing fear 勇敢地面对〔危险、痛苦或困难)：He
braved his parents' displeasure by marrying her. 他不顾父母
的不满娶了她。| We decided to brave the storm and try to
walk home. 我们决定冒着暴风雨步行回家
brave3 n a young Native American WARRIOR (=fighting man)
印地安人的青年武士
Brave New World /. '/ a novel written in 1932 by the Brit. 
ish writer Aldous Huxley, which imagines an advanced soci-
ety of the future in which many people seem to have easy and
tuba 大号
pleasant lives, but in fact no one has any freedom. This phrase. 
which was first used in Shakespeare's play The TEMPEST, is
slide U型管
now used to describe any society like this. 《美丽新世界》〔英国
作家奥尔德斯·赫胥黎于1932年所著的小说，它虚构了一个先进
的未来社会，在那里人们似乎过着无忧无虑的幸福生活，但实际上
毫无自由。该短语首次出现在莎士比亚戏剧《暴风雨》中，现在用
以形容诸如此类的社会〕
bra. vo /`bravo; 'bra:veu/ interj, n -vos (a shout of joy because
someone, especially a performer, has done well)好！〔表演精
彩时的喝彩声〕
bra·vu·ra /bre`vjure; bre'vjuere/ n [U] 1 a show of great skill
in performing 出色的演出 2 a show of great courage or daring
气势磅礴，雄壮
brawl /brol; bro:l/ n a noisy quarrel or fight, especially one in
which several people take part, and often in a public place(-
般指在公共场所的)争吵；打（群）架 - brawlν[I] — ~er n
brawn /bron; bro:n/ n [U] 1 human muscle; MUSCULAR strength
肌肉；膂力；体力：He's got more brawn than brains. (=he's
strong, but not very clever)他肌肉发达，头脑简单。2 BrE【英】‖
headcheese AmE【美】- (pieces of) meat from the head of a
pig, boiled and pressed in a pot with jelly 〔用猪头肉煮成的〕碎
肉冻
brawn·y /^`broni; 'bro:ni/ adj strong; MUSCULAR 强壮的；肌肉发
达的：brawny arms 肌肉发达的胳膊 - -iness n [U]
bray /bre; brei/ v [I] to make the sound that a DONKEY makes 发
出驴的叫声：(fig. 喻) He brayed with laughter. 他呵呵地笑起
来。- bray n
bra-zen' /`brezn; 'breizan/ adj 1 without shame; IMMODEST 厚
颜无耻的，恬不知耻的：a brazen lie 无耻的谎言| brazen cheek
厚脸皮 | a brazen hussy 不知羞耻的荡妇 2 [A] lit of or like
brass, especially in producing a hard loud sound as brass does
when struck【文】〔尤指敲击时似铜管乐器般〕声音宏亮的，响亮而
刺耳的 — ~ly adv
brazen2v brazen it out to face trouble or blame with unashamed
confidence, as if you have done nothing wrong 〔不顾麻烦和指
责〕厚着脸皮干
bra. zi·er /`bre3; 'breizie/ n a container for burning coals〔烧
煤的〕火盆
Bra. zil /bre`zil; bre'zil/ a country in E South America, the larg-
est country in South America. Population: 161, 790, 000 (1995). 
Capital: Brasilia. The Brazilian RAINFOREST is a huge and very
important area of trees and plants. 巴西〔位于南美洲东部，是南
美洲最大的国家。人口：161, 790, 000(1995)，首都：巴西利亚。
巴西雨林占地极广，为树木和植物的宝地〕
Brazil, An·ge·la /`end3ile; 'end3le/ (1868-1947) a British
writer of stories about life at girls' BOARDING SCHOOLS
(=schools where the students live as well as study). The typi-
cal girl in her stories was always cheerful, good at sport, and
eager to take part in every activity. 布拉齐尔〔 (1868-1947)，
英国作家，其小说讲述女子寄宿学校的生活，书中的女生总是性格
开朗，擅长运动，热衷于各项活动)：Joan was amazingly
enthusiastic, like something out of an Angela Brazil story. 琼
极其热心，就像是从安杰拉·布拉齐尔某本小说中走出来的人物。
Brazil nut /·' / n 1 a S American tree whose seeds are eaten as
nuts 巴西果（树） 2 the nut of this tree 巴西果（果实）
breach1 /britf; bri:tf/ n 1 [C; U (of)] an act of breaking
disobeving, or not fulfilling a law, promise, or duty 违反：破
坏，不履行〔法律、承诺、职责)：This new decision represents a
breach of our original agreement. 这新决定意味着破坏我们
原来的协议。| She was sued for breach of contract. 她因毁约
而被控告。| These working practices are in breach of sec-
tion 22 of the safety regulations. 这些工作程序违反了安全规
则第22条。| He was arrested for a breach of the peace
0194
(=fighting in public)他因在公众场所扰乱治安[斗殴]而被捕。
His breach of confidence (=telling of secrets) was condemned
by his colleagues. 他因泄密而遭到同事的指责。2 [C] an open-
ing, especially one made in a wall by attackers〔尤指墙上被攻
破的)缺口，破洞：a breach in the castle walls 城堡墙上被攻破
的缺口 | (fig. 喻) When I was ill she stepped into/threw her-
self into the breach and did my work as well as her own. 我生
病时，她挺身相助，除了做自己的工作外还兼做我的工作。|(fig, 
喻) The incident caused an irreparable breach between the
two countries. (=broke their friendship) 这事件在两国之间造
成了不可弥补的裂痕。3 once more unto the breach dear
friends, once more quote a phrase from the play Henry V by
Shakespeare, used by the king when encouraging his soldiers
to fight again【引】好朋友，再接再厉，向缺口冲去吧，再接再厉〔莎
士比亚戏剧《亨利五世》中国王鼓励士兵再次奋起作战时说的话)
breach2ν [T] 1 to break an opening in 攻破，打开〔缺口〕2 to
break (a promise, agreement etc)违背〔诺言、协议等)：to breach
one's contract 撕毁合同
*bread /brad; bred/ n [U] 1 a common food made of baked flour
面包：a loaf of bread一条面包| bread and butter/jam/cheese
(=bread spread with butter/JAM/cheese)涂黄油[果酱；乳酪]的
面包|white/brown/wholemeal bread 白[黑；全麦]面包 2 food
considered as a means of staying alive 赖以生存的食物，食粮，
生计：to earn one's (daily) bread as a labourer 靠出卖劳力蝴
口 3 old-fash slang money【过时，俚】钱 4 bread and butter
infml one's way of earning money to live on; LIVELIHOOD【非
正式】生计：谋生之道：I don't write just for fun - it's my bread
and butter. 我写作并非只为了乐趣，它是我谋生之道。- — see also
另见 BREAD-AND-BUTTER 5 take the bread out of someone's
mouth infml to make it impossible for someone to earn money
especially by taking their work away【非正式】抢某人的饭碗，
夺某人之生计 6 Man cannot live by bread alone saying from
the bible the needs of a person's spirit must be looked after as
well as those of their body. The phrase is now often used in a
humorous way. 人不仅靠面包活着〔出自《圣经》的谚语，意思是
人的心灵和肉体一样，也必须得到照顾。这句话现在常被幽默地引
用)； I know we're trying to save money, but man cannot live
by baked beans alone. 我知道我们在拼命省钱, 可人活着不能
光吃烘豆子呀。 — see also 另见 FRENCH BREAD, SLICED BREAD
break bread with (BREAK' (16)， know which side one's
bread is buttered (KNOW1)
bread-and-but. ter /. ·. / adj [A] concerned with the things
that are necessary for life 生活必需的，为了生计的； bread-and-
butter political issues such as jobs and housing 有关民生的政
治问题，如工作和住房
bread-and-but·ter pud·ding /····/n [U] a sweet dish
made from bread, dried fruit, milk, and eggs, baked in an OVEN
Bread-and-butter pudding is an old-fashioned British DESSERT. 
黄油面包布丁〔用面包、水果干、牛奶、鸡蛋在炉里烤制而成的一种
旧式的英式甜食〕
bread·bas·ket /`brad, baeskit; 'bred, ba:skt/ n [the] 1 an im
portant area for grain production 重要的产粮区，粮仓：The
Ukraine was the breadbasket of the former Soviet Union. 乌
克兰曾是前苏联的粮仓。2 old-fash slang the stomach【过时，
俚】肚子：Hit him in the breadbasket, Maxie! 麦克锡，往他肚
子上揍！
bread bin /' ·/ BrE【英】‖ breadbox AmE【美】— n a container
for keeping bread in, so that it stays fresh 面包箱
bread-board /bred bord; 'bredbo:d/ n a wooden board on which
to cut a loaf of bread into SLICES (=thin pieces)切面包板
bread-box /`bradbaks; 'bredboks/ n AmE【美】a container for
keeping bread fresh; BrE【英】BREAD BIN〔用来保持面包新鲜的
面包盒
bread·crumb /`bred krvm; 'bredkrvm/ n [usually pl. 一般用复
数] a very small bit of bread 面包屑：Coat the fish with
breadcrumbs, then fry it in a little oil. 把面包屑撒在鱼上，然
后放入少量油里煎。
bread·ed /`bradid; 'bredd/ adj covered in breadcrumbs 沾满面
包屑[粉]的：breaded plaice 沾满面包粉的鲽鱼
bread-fruit /brad frut; 'bredfru:t/ n [C; U] (a tropical tree that
bears)a round fruit that looks and feels like bread when baked
面包树〔一种热带树，其果实烤后像面包〕；面包果
bread·line /`bred lain; 'bredlain/ n on the breadline extremely
poor 非常穷的，勉强维持生活的
bread sauce / '/ n BrE [U] a mixture of milk, bread, onion, 
and SPICEs, usually served with chicken or TURKEY【英】〔用牛
奶、面包、洋葱和香料制成，常与鸡肉或火鸡一起端上餐桌的〕牛奶
调味汁
breadth /brad0; bred0/ n 1 [C; U] fml (the) distance from one
side of something to the other; width【正式】宽度；阔度：What
is the breadth of this river? 这条河有多宽？ | Its breadth is 16
metres. 它的宽度为 16米。| It is 16 metres in breadth. 它有
16米宽。- — compare 比较 LENGTH (1) 2 [U] the fact or quality
of including many things or people; wide range; SCOPE 幅员；
度量；范围；广博：His book shows the great breadth of his
learning. 他的著作表明他学识渊博。| It is importan. to re-
member the breadth of their support in the country. 别忘记他
们对这个国家的巨大支援。3[U] willingness to consider opin-
ions, customs etc that are different from your own; openness
宽宏大度，宽容：breadth of mind/opinions 虚怀若谷：见解宽容
breadth·ways /`brad0, wez; 'bred0weiz/ also 又作 breadth-
wise /-，waiz; -waiz/ - adj, adv in the direction of the breadth;
with the broad side nearest the viewer 横向的[地]；横着的[地]
files stored breadthways on a shelf横排在搁架上的档案
bread·win·ner /bred wine: 'bred. wine/ n a person in a fam-
ily whose wages provide what the family needs to live on 挣钱
养家的人：My mother was the breadwinner in our family. 我
母亲是挣钱维持一家生活的人。| They both work, but he is the
main breadwinner. (=he earns the most money) 他们俩都有工
作，不过他是家庭的经济支柱。
*break1/brek; breik/ v broke /brok; breuk/, broken/`broken;
breuken/1 [I; T] to (cause to) separate into parts suddenly or
violently, but not by cutting or tearing(使)突然破裂，打碎；折
断；弄坏：I dropped my cup and it broke. 我把杯子掉在地上打
碎了。| The rope broke when they were climbing it. 他们抓着
绳子攀登时，绳子断了。| Stones hit the window and it broke
into several pieces. 石头打在窗户上，玻璃被打碎了。| Some-
one has broken this chair. 有人把椅子弄坏了。| He has bro-
ken his leg/broken a bone in his leg. 他的腿断了 [骨折了]。
to break a branch off a tree 折断树上的一根树枝 | A large
piece of ice broke away from the main mass. 一大块冰从冰体
上裂开来。| You'll break your neck (=kill yourself by falling
etc) if you aren't careful! 你不留神会摔死的！ | The floor was
covered in bits of broken glass. 地板上到处都是碎玻璃片。2 [I;
T] to (cause to) become unusable by damage to one or more
parts （使） 损坏[不能再用]：I broke my watch when I fell over. 
我跌倒时摔坏了手表。| The typewriter is broken and will have
to be repaired. 打字机坏了，要拿去修理。3 [T] to split into
smaller units; divide 分成小单位；兑开：to break a ￡10 note 兑
开一张 10英镑的钞票 4 [I] (of a wave) to curl over and fall
apart as it comes in to the shore 〔波浪〕冲击：waves breaking
on the beachlagainst the rocks 冲击海滩[拍打礁石]的波浪 5
[I+adj/adv/prep; T] to force a way into, out of, or through. 
especially with sudden violence(尤指以暴力)闯入；闯出；闯过
The invaders broke through the enemy line. 入侵者突破了敌
军的防线。| With a great effort, the prisoner broke loose. 
broke fee and ran off. 犯人费了很大的劲越狱逃跑了。| The
river broke its banks and flooded the city. 河堤决口, 河水淹了
城市。| a plane that can break the sound barrier 超音速飞机
6 [T] to make an opening in the surface of 弄破·的表面：The
dog scratched me but didn't break the skin. 狗抓了我一下，但
没有抓破皮肤。| to break the soil 破土 7 [I; T] to (cause to)
come to an end （使）结束；打破；切断：A sudden cry broke the
silence, 突然一声尖叫打破了沉寂。| to break an electric cir
cuit 切断电流 | The cold weather broke at the end of March
寒冷的天气在3月底结束了。| We hope that this new offer will
break the deadlock. 我们希望这个新的报价将会打破僵局。| The
visit was broken short because there was talk of war. 访问提
前结束，因为传说将爆发战争。8 [I;T] to interrupt(an activity)
中断（活动） ：We broke our journey to Rome at Venice. 我们在
威尼斯中断了去罗马的旅行。| The bushes will break his fall
有矮树丛阻挡，他不会摔得很厉害的。| Let's break for lunch and
start again afterwards. 我们停下来吃午饭，一会儿再干吧。|
The children started shouting and broke my train of thought. 
孩子们突然叫起来，打断了我的思路。9 [I; T] to (cause to) fail, 
be destroyed, or suffer a complete loss of effectiveness, often
as a result of a long process〔由于长期积累的原因而〕（使）削
弱；挫败；损坏；失效：After years of working too hard, his health
finally broke. 多年来劳累过度终于搞垮了他的身体。| The pro-
longea bombardment broke the enem's spirit/resistance. 连
续的炮轰瓦解了敌人的士气[抵抗]。| The government brought
in the army to break the strike. 政府调动军队来瓦解罢工。|
I'm trying to break the smoking habit. 我正试图改掉吸烟的习
惯。| The prisoner may break under continuous questioning. 
在连续盘问下，犯人可能会招供。| This scandal could break
him politically. 这件丑闻会断送他的政治生涯。| The separa-
tion will make or break their relationship. 这次分居对他们今
后的关系发展来说是关键。10 [I; T] to win (a game) in tennis
from the opponent who began it〔网球)破对方发球（局）而得分
[胜] 11 [T] to fail to fulfil (an agreement), keep (a promise), or
0195
obey (a law); not act in accordance with 违背〔协议、诺言)：不
遵守，触犯〔法律)：to break the law/the rules/a promise 犯法：
违章；食言 | He has broken his word. (=not kept his promise)
他没遵守诺言。| She had to break an appointment with the
lawyer to take her son to hospital, 她要送儿子上医院，只得取
消和律师的会面。12 [T] to do better than 超过；打破〔记录〕：
The runner broke the world record for the mile. 该选手打破
了一英里赛跑的世界记录。 — see also 另见 RECORD-BREAKINC
13 [I; T] to (cause to) come suddenly into being or notice(使)
突然出现，来临；引起注意：The birds begin to sing as day
breaks. 天一破晓，鸟儿便开始歌唱。| The storm broke. 暴风
雨来临了。| The news broke. 消息一下传开了。| Break the
news to him gently. 请把消息婉转地告诉他。14 [T] to discover
the secret of 破解；破 （案） ：We finally broke the enemy's code. 
我们终于破解了敌人的密码。15[I](of the voice) to change
suddenly in level, loudness etc 〔声音)突变：His voice broke
when he was 15 years old. 他15岁时嗓音开始变声。| a voice
breaking with emotion 因激动而突然变了的声音 16 break
bread with pomp to eat a meal with【夸张】与某人共餐 17 break
camp to pack up tents and other equipment and leave a camp
拔营，开拔 18 break cover (of an animal) to run out from a
hiding place 〔动物〕从隐藏处窜出 19 break new/fresh ground
to do something new, especially to make new discoveries开始
新的事业；作出新发现20 break your back ‖also又作 break
one's ass AmE【美】- to work very hard or too hard; make
every possible effort 拼死拼活地干；尽最大的努力：They were
breaking their back. trving to keep the deadline. 他们拼命
干，试图如期完成任务。21 break someone's heart to make
someone extremely sad 使某人伤心[心碎]； It breaks my heart
to see him working so hard for nothing. 见他这样辛苦工作而
无所得，我感到心痛。| She broke her father's heart by mar-
rying John. 她嫁了约翰，使她父亲伤心极了。 — see also另见
HEARTBREAKING, HEARTBROKEN 22 break step to stop march-
ing together with a regular beat 〔正步走后的)便步走 23 break
the back of infml finish the main or the worst part of【非正式】
完成··的主要的或最艰难的部分：If we start early, we can break
the back of the journey before it gets hot. 如果早些出发，我们
可以在天转热之前完成这次旅程最艰苦的一段。24 break the
bank: a to win all the money, e. g. at a game of cards 赢了（庄
家)全部的钱 b infml to take all your money【非正式】花掉某人
所有的钱：Come on; it only costs ￡5 -- that won't break the
bank!来玩吧，只要花5英镑，不会使你破产的。25 break the
ice infml to remove feelings of awkwardness or nervousness, 
especially between people who do not know each other, e. g. at
the beginning of a party【非正式】打破沉默[冷场] 26 break
wind euph to let out gases from the bowels【婉】放屁 — see
also 另见 keep/break ranks (RANK') 27 give me a break!
spoken said when you do not believe what someone has just
said【口】我才不信呢！别瞎说了！[表示不相信别人所说的话〕
\"You look just like Lisa Bonet, when she was on 'The Cosby
Show'. \" \"Give me a break, Mandy, I wish I did look like her. '
“你看上去真像电视连续剧《科斯比节目》中的莉莎·博内特。”“得
了吧，曼迪，我要是像她就好了。”|“It took me almost an hour
to finish. ” “Oh, give me a break, there's no way it took that
long. ”“我花了差不多一小时才做好。”“哦，别瞎说了，决不可能要
那么长时间。”| also 又作 give someone a break: You should
give that kid a break- he's doing his best. 你应当给那小伙子
一次机会
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 break, tear, cut
smash, crack, and 和 burst. You cannot break soft things
like cloth or paper, but you can tear them, which means
pull apart so as to leave rough edges', or cut them, which
means ‘divide by using a sharp edge'. 你不能折断(break
软的东西，如布、纸等，但你能撕开(tear)它们（使成毛边）或
剪开(cut)它们（使成光边）：He tore the letter into pieces
(他把信撕碎。) | I cut the cake with a knife. （我用刀把蛋
糕切开。)Things made of glass or CHINA may break(or
be/get broken)or smash, which means 'break suddenly
into small pieces'. 用玻璃或瓷做的东西会打碎(break), 
或被打碎(be/get broken), 也可用 smash, 即会“突然打
成粉碎”：The dish smashed on the floor. （碟子掉在地上
摔得粉碎。)Crack means ‘break without the parts becom
ing separated'. 而 crack 意思是“裂开”：You've cracked
the window, but luckily you haven't broken it. (你把窗户
玻璃弄裂了，幸而没有弄碎。)Burst means‘break suddenly
by pressure from inside'. burst 的意思是“爆裂，胀破”：She
blew up the paper bag until it burst. (她一个劲儿地把纸
袋吹胀，直到把它吹破。)
break away phr y [I (from)] 1 to escape, especially with a
sudden violent effort 〔从·〕逃脱，挣脱，逃离：The prisoner
broke away from the two policemen who were holding him. 
囚犯从两个警察手中挣脱逃掉了。2 to end your connection with
a group, organization, way of thinking etc 摆脱，放弃：脱离〔团
体、组织、某种思想体系)：This extremist faction broke away
from the main party in 1979. 极端派于 1979年从该党中分离
出去。| an innovative musician who broke away from the
classical tradition 一位摆脱古典传统的革新派音乐家 — see
also 另见 BREAKAWAY
break down phr v 1 [T] (break sthg.  down) to destroy
knock to the ground, or reduce to pieces 破坏；打倒；捣碎：The
police broke the door down. 警察把门砸开了。| The old cars
were broken down for their metal and parts. 这些旧汽车被拆
掉为的是利用其金属和零件。2 [I;T(=break sthg. ← down)]
to (cause to) be defeated, or lose effectiveness(使)失败：（使）
失效：I tried to break down her opposition to our plan. 我试图
使她反对我们计划的意见不起作用。|His resistance broke
down. 他的反抗失败了。| This agreement will break down
te barriers to free trade, 这个协议将冲破对自由贸易设置的
障碍。3 [I](especially of machinery) to stop working; fail〔机
器〕停止运转；坏掉：The car broke down. 汽车坏了。4 [I] to
come to an unsuccessful end 挫折；失败：The peace talks broke
down without any agreement being reached. 和谈失败了，没
有达成任何协议。5 [I] to lose control of your feelings 感情失
去控制：Peter broke down and wept when his mother died, 彼
得的母亲死了，他失声痛哭。6[I;T(=break sthg. ← down)] to
(cause to) separate into different kinds or divide into types把. 分
类；把··分解为：Chemicals in the body break our food down
into useful substances. 人体内的化学物质把食物分解成有用的
成分。| The figures must be broken down into several
categories. 这些数字必须分成若干类别。 — see also 另见
BREAKDOWN
break even phr y [I] to make neither a loss nor a profit in
doing business 收支平衡；不赔不赚 - — see also 另见 BREAKEVEN
break in phr v 1 [I] to enter a building by force 闯入：They
broke in through an upstairs window and stole some jewellery
他们从楼上的窗户闯进屋里，偷走了一些珠宝。 — see also 另见
BREAK-IN 2 [I (on, upon)] to interrupt 打断，插嘴：She broke
in with some suggestions of her own. 她插了话，提出了自己的
些建议。| The sudden banging at the door broke in on the
silencelor my thoughts, 突如其来的敲门声打破了宁静[打断了
我的思路]。3 [T (break sthg. /sbdy.  in)] to make (a person
or animal) used to something new 使〔某人〕熟悉工作；驯〔动
物)：Young horses have to be broken in. (=taught to obey)小
马驹必须驯一驯。| A week in the new office should be enough
to break you in. 在新的办公室工作一周该足以使你适应了。4 [T]
(break sthg. in) to wear (new shoes or boots) to make them
lose their stiffness and become comfortable使〔新鞋、新靴)逐
渐舒适合脚
break into sthg. phr v [T] 1 to enter by force 闯入：to break
into a house and commit a burglary 破门入屋盗窃 2 to begin
suddenly 突然·起来：to break into song/laughter/cheers突
然唱[大笑；欢呼]起来 | The horse broke into a gallop. 马突然
奔跑起来。3 to use part of, unwillingly(勉强)动用一部分：We'll
have to break into our savings. 我们不得不动用存款。
break sbdy. of sthg. phr v [T] to cure of (a bad habit)使某人
改掉[放弃]（坏习惯）：Doctors are trying to break him of his
dependence on the drug. 医生正设法使他摆脱对毒品的依赖。
break off phr v [I; T (=break sthg. ← off)] 1 to (cause to)
end, especially suddenly(使)突然结束，中断，解除：The two
countries have broken off diplomatic relations (with each
other), 这两个国家突然中断了外交关系。| The talks broke off
without any solution being reached. 会谈中断了，没有达成任
何决议。| We broke off (work) for a cup of coffee. 我们歇了歇
手，喝了杯咖啡。2 to (cause to) become separated from the main
part by breaking or being broken （使）折断：A branch broke off
(the tree) in the wind. 一根树枝被风刮断了。| I broke off a
piece of chocolate and gave it to the little boy. 我掰了一块巧
克力给那个小男孩
break out phr v [I] 1 (of an undesirable condition) to begin
suddenly and often violently 〔不愉快之事〕突然发生，爆发：War/
Fighting/Panic/A fire broke out. 战争爆发了；发生了战斗[恐
慌；大火]。2 [(in)] to suddenly become covered (especially
with spots on the skin) 被 〔尤指疹子等) 覆盖：The allergy caused
him to break out in spots/a rash. 过敏症使他突然长满了疹子
[长出一片皮疹]。| I broke out in a cold sweat when I realized
there was a burglar downstairs. 当我知道楼下有人正在行窃
时，顿时出了一身冷汗。3 [(of)] to escape (from)逃出：to break
out of prison 越狱逃跑 — see also 另见 BREAKOUT, OUTBREAK
0196
break through phr y 1 [I; T (=break through sthg. )] to
force a way through 突破；突围；冲垮：At last the sun broke
through (the clouds), 太阳终于从云层中钻了出来。| to break
through the enemy's defences 突破敌军的防线 2 [I] to make a
new advance or discovery, especially after dealing success-
fully with problems and difficulties〔尤指历尽艰辛之后)突破，
作出新发现：Scientists hope to break through soon in their
search for a cure for this type of cancer. 科学家希望在研究对
这种癌症的治疗方面不久将有突破。 — see also 另见 BREAK
THROUGH
break up phr v 1 [I; T (=break sthg. up)] to (cause to)
become separated into smaller pieces 打碎；拆散；碎开：The
frost will break up the soil. 霜冻会使土壤碎裂成块。| The ship
broke up on the rocks. 船触礁裂开了。| We are putting some
illustrations in the book in order to break up the text. 我们在书
里加进一些插图，使正文分成几个部分。2[I;T(=break sthg. 
up)] to come or bring to an end, especially by separating结束
解散，驱散：Their marriage broke up. 他们婚姻破裂了。| The
police broke up the fight. 警察制止了斗殴。| The conference
broke up without reaching any agreement. 会议没有达成任何
协议就结束了。3 [I] to stop being together; separate or go ir
different directions 分离：断绝关系：散开：What will happen to
the children if Jim and Mary break up?如果吉姆和玛丽离婚、
孩子们怎么办呢？| The crowd broke up. 人群散开了。4 I
BrE (of a school or pupil) to begir the holidays【英】(学校或学
生)开始放假：When does your school break up?你们学校什
么时候开始放假？| We break up on Tuesday. 我们星期二开始
放假。5 [T (break sbdy. ← up)] AmE to amuse greatly【美】使
〔人)捧腹大笑：His account of the meeting really broke me
up. 他对会议的描述使我笑破了肚皮。 — see also 另见BREAKUP
break with sbdy, /sthg, phr y [T] to end a friendship or con-
nection with 与··断绝关系：与··决裂； to break with one's
former friends/with old ideas 同老朋友断绝来往；与旧思想决
裂
break2 n 1 an act of breaking or a condition produced (as if) by
breaking 破裂；裂缝，裂口； a break in the clouds 云层中之缝隙
a break in an electrical circuit 电路的断路 | The break with
her husband was painful, but she thought it was for the best
同丈夫离婚是件痛苦的事，但她认为这样做到头来会有好处。|
You'll have to make the break sometime if you want to get
away from this town. 如果你不愿待在这市镇，那么你就得迟早
下决心离开。2 a pause for rest between activities 小憩，间歇，
中间休息； a coffee break 工间喝咖啡休息时间 | to take/have a
weekenc break 周末休息 | We've worked 24 hours without
a break. (=continuously)我们连续工作了24小时没休息。3
[(from, in, with)] a change from the usual pattern or custom
〔旧方式或生活习惯的〕改变：The queen's decision to send her
children to ordinary schools was a break from/with tradition. 
女王改变传统做法，决定把子女送到普通学校读书。| a break in
the weather 天气的突变 4 infml a chance (especially to make
things better); piece of good luck【非正式】机会，机缘；（好）运
气：Give him a break and he'll succeed. 给他一个机会，他会
成功的。| He's had a good year with several big/lucky breaks. 
今年是他的吉利年，他遇到几次好运气。5 an escape, especially
from prison （尤指越狱）逃跑 6 (in cricket) a change of direc
tion of the ball on first hitting the ground〔板球〕球第一次落地
时改变方向 7 (in the game of BILLIARDS) the number of points
made by one player during one turn at hitting the balls 〔台球)
在一次击球机会中连续得分 8 (in tennis) a case of winning a
game from the opponent who began it 〔网球〕破对方的发球局
而得胜：She needs a break of serve now. 她现在需要破一次对
方的发球局。| two break points 破对方发球局所得的两分9 break
of day lit for【文】= DAYBREAK 10 make a break for it infml
to try to escape by running away【非正式】企图逃跑
break. a. ble /brekebl; 'breikebal/ adj made of a material that
breaks easily, such as glass 易碎的：If you're sending anything
breakable, be sure to pack it well. 如果运送易碎物品，务必捆
扎结实
break. a. bles /`brekeb]z; 'breikebalz/ n [P] things that are easy
to break 易碎物品； Put all the breakables into this box. 请将所
有易碎物品放入这个盒子里。
break. age /`brekid3: 'breikid3/ n [C; U] 1 (the causing of) a
broken place, part, or object 损毁；破损处；损毁之物：a break-
age in the gas pipes 煤气管的一处裂口 2 (the cost of) damage
caused by breaking things 破损；损耗量，损耗补偿，破损赔偿额：
Any breakages will be paid for by the company that is trans-
porting the goods. 一切损耗补偿将由运输货物的公司支付。
break·a·way /`breke, we; 'breikewei/ n 1 a person or thing that
breaks away 脱离了原来关系的人；脱离了整体的东西2 an act
or example of breaking away (e. g. from a group or custom)脱
离；背弃；戒除，摆脱 — see also 另见 BREAK away - break-
away adi [A]: A breakaway faction within the movement has
formed a new terrorist group. 从这个运动中脱离出来的一个
派系组成了新的恐怖主义团体。|breakaway republics seeking
independence from the Soviet Union 脱离苏联寻求独立的共
和国
break-dance /`brek daens; 'breikda:ns/ v [I] to perform a style
of dancing to ROCK music, in which the dancers often spin
round on their heads or shoulders or perform other difficult, 
ACROBATIC moves 跳霹雳舞〔指伴随摇滚乐起舞，舞者常以头或
肩支地旋转，或表演其他有难度的杂技动作〕- breakdancing n
-breakdancer n
break-down /`brek daun; 'breikdaun/ n 1 a sudden failure in
operation or effectiveness〔突然出现的〕故障；损坏；崩溃；中断
挫折：Our car had a breakdown on the road. 我们的汽车在路
上抛锚了。} a breakdown of talks between the staff and the
management 劳资谈判的破裂 | a complete breakdown of law
and order 法律和秩序的完全破坏 2 [(of)] a division by types
or into smaller groups, especially for the purpose of explana-
tion 分类；分成细目；分析；详细解释：I'd like a breakdown of
these figures, please. 请把这些数字分类开列。- — see also另见
BREAK down, NERVOUS BREAKDOWN
breakdown truck /'··/ also 又作 breakdown lor·ry /'·，·/
BrE【英】‖towtruck AmE【美】— n a TRUCK fitted with appa-
ratus for lifting and pulling along motor vehicles which have
broken down〔拖运抛锚车辆的〕牵引车，拖车
break. er /`breke; 'breike/ n 1 a large wave with a white top
that rolls onto the shore 〔冲击岸边带有白浪花的〕碎浪 2 a user
of a CB radio 民用无线电通讯波段使用者 3 -breaker a person
or thing that breaks something 违反··的人；破坏者；破碎装置：
law-breakers 犯法者
break·e·ven /`brek`iven;, breik'i:van/n [U] a level of busi-
ness activity at which a company makes neither a loss nor a
profit 不赔不赚；收支平衡：After two difficult years, the com
pany hopes to reach breakeven this year, and to be in profit
next year. 经过两个困难的年头，公司希望今年能达到收支平衡，
明年能有盈余。 — see also 另见 BREAK even
*break-fast /brakfest; 'brekfest/ n [C; U] 1 the first meal of the
day 早餐：We usually have breakfast at 7 o' clock, 我们通常7
点钟吃早餐。| It happened atlduring breakfast. 那件事是在吃
早餐时发生的。|She likes eggs for breakfast. 她早餐喜欢吃鸡
蛋。| a working breakfast (=at which business is talked about)
工作早餐 — see also 另见 COOKED BREAKFAST, DOG'S BREAK-
FAST, ENGLISH BREAKFAST, WEDDING BREAKFAST 2 have/eat
someone for breakfast to defeat someone easily in business, 
a fight, an argument etc〔生意、打斗、争吵等方面)轻而易举地战
胜某人：The great players of yesterday would have had some-
one like Vinny for breakfast! 以前的优秀选手能轻而易举地打
败像文尼那样的人！| My concern was that American man-
agement was so devoted to the short-term that unless we were
careful, the Japanese would wake up one day and have us all
for breakfast. 我担心的是美国管理层如此热衷于短期效应，除非
我们小心翼翼，否则日本人总有一天会醒悟过来，轻而易举地战胜
我们。- breakfast v[I (on)]: We breakfasted early (on eggs
and coffee). 我们早餐吃得很早（吃鸡蛋和咖啡）
breakfast ce·re·al /'···/n [C: U] CEREAL(2)谷类早餐食品
breakfast nook /'· / n AmE a small separate area of a room
near the kitchen in some houses, which has a table and chairs
and is used as a place to eat breakfast【美】〔厨房附近小而独立
的〕早餐室
breakfast tel-e. vi. sion /，·. ·. ·/n [U] television programmes
which are broadcast in the early part of the morning, usually a
mixture of news, sport, and conversation 电视晨播节目〔通常
有新闻、体育及谈话节目〕
break-in /'/n the entering of a building illegally and by force
非法强行进入，闯入：a break-in at the bank 闯入银行打劫
一
see also 另见(BREAK in)
breaking and enter-ing /. . / n [U] the crime of entering
a house by force 破门侵入（罪），非法入屋行窃
break·neck /`brek nek; 'breiknek/ adj [A] very fast and dan-
gerous 高速而危险的：driving at breakneck speed 以危险的高
速开车
break. out /`brek aut; 'breikaut/ n a violent or forceful escape
from an enclosed space or a difficult situation, especially an
escape from prison, usually by several prisoners at once 逃脱，
(结伙)越狱：突围 — see also 另见 BREAK out
break. through /`brek 0ru; 'breik0ru:/ n (the making of) an
important advance or discovery, often after earlier failures突
破：重要的新发现：关键问题的解决：重大进展：a maior break-
through in the treatment of cancer 癌症治疗的重要突破| The
0197
negotiators have achievedl made a dramatic breakthrough in
the arms control talks. 谈判人员在军备控制会谈上取得了戏剧
性的突破。 — see also 另见 BREAK through
break·up /`brek, vp; 'breikvp/ [(of) usually sing. 一般用单数] n
1 a coming to an end, especially of a relationship or association
〔关系、联盟的〕终止，完结；解散；别离；瓦解；崩溃；the breakup
of a marriagelof an alliance 婚姻的破裂；联盟的瓦解 2 a divi-
sion into smaller parts分裂；分散；分解（成小部分）：the breakup
of the large farms 大农场的分解 - — see also 另见 BREAK up. 
BREAKDOWN
break·wa·ter /brek, wot; 'breik, wo:te/ n a thick wall buil
out into the sea to lessen the force of the waves防波堤
bream /brim; bri:m/ n bream or breams a kind of freshwater
fish, or a similar saltwater fish (sea bream)欧鳊〔鲤科欧鳊属
淡水鱼〕：真鲷〔鲷科海鱼
Bream, Ju·li·an /`d3ulien; 'd3u:lien/ (1933-)a British CLAS-
SICAL musician, known for his GUITAR and LUTE playing 布里
姆〔(1933-)，英国古典音乐演奏家，以弹奏吉他和诗琴闻名)
*breast1 /brast; brest/ n 1 either of the two parts of a woman's
body that produce milk 〔妇女的)乳房：a baby at its mother's
breastlat the breast吃母乳的婴儿 | a breast cance screer-
ing service乳腺癌检查服务(机构) — compare 比较 CHEST(1)
2 the upper front part of the body between the neck and the
stomach, especially in birds or animals〔尤指鸟和动物的)胸部
胸脯，胸口：a bird with an orange breast 橘黄色胸脯的鸟
the breast pocket of a jacket夹克的上胸口袋 | They had
chicken breasts for lunch. 他们午餐吃鸡胸肉。3 lit the part of
the body where the feelings are supposed to be【文】胸怀；心
情，内心； a troubled breast 心烦意乱 — compare 比较 BOSOM
(2), HEART(2)4 make a clean breast of to tell the whole truth
about (something bad that you have done); admit to 把〔心里的
话〕和盘托出；完全承认〔过失等)：His guilty conscience forced
him to make a clean breast of everything. 他的内疚使得他把
切和盘托出。- — see also 另见 beat your breast (BEAT'(11)
breast2v [T] fml or lit to meet and push aside with your chest
【正式或文】以胸部触；挺胸面对：The winner of the race
breasted the tape. 赛跑的胜利者以胸部触线跑过终点。|(fg. 
喻) The ship breasted the waves. 轮船破浪前进，
breast·bone /`brast`bon; 'brestbeun/ also 又作 sternum med
【医】- n the upright bone in the front of the chest, to which
the top seven pairs of RIBS are connected 胸骨
breast-feed /' / ν-fed /-，fd; -fed/ [I; T] (of a woman) to feed
(a baby) with milk from the breast, not from a bottle(用母乳)
喂养，哺乳：breast-fed babies 吃母奶的婴儿 — compare 比较
NURSE2(3), SUCKLE
breast·plate /brast plet; 'brestpleit/ n a piece of armour worn
to protect the chest 护胸甲，胸铠
breast pock. et // n an outside pocket on a shirt or JACKET
over the breast, usually used for a handkerchief or pens〔通常
放手帕或钢笔用的〕胸前口袋
breast·stroke /`brest, strok; 'brest-streuk/ n [(the) S; U] a way
of swimming on your front, by pushing the arms in front of the
nead through the water while drawing the knees forwards and
outwards, and then sweeping them back while kicking back. 
wards and outwards 蛙泳
breast·work /`brast, w3k; 'brestw3:k/n a defensive earth wall
usually built as high as a man's chest 胸墙〔其高及胸的防御工
事〕
*breath /bra0; bre0/ n 1 [U] air taken into and breathed out of
the lungs 气息，呼吸：I was out of breath/short of breath of
ter running for the bus. 我因为追赶公共汽车，弄得上气不接下
气。| She paused for a few moments to get her breath (back)
她停了片刻喘口气。| Tooth decay often causes bad breath. 
(=breath that smells bad)蛀牙时常引起口臭。| He fiercely
criticized her speech. scarcely even pausing for breathlto
draw breath between successive points. 他猛烈批评她的讲话，
几乎是一口气列举出了好多点来。| Remember to hold your
breath (=take no air in) when you dive into the water. 记住潜
入水里时要屏住气。|(fig. 喻)All Europe held its breath
(=waited anxiously) to see who would win the election. 全欧
洲都屏息而待，看谁能在选举中获胜。|(infml 非正式) He said
he'd come as soon as he could, but he's so unreliable, I
shouldn't hold your breath. 他说是会尽快来的，可他这人说话
很不算数，我不想让你空等。| (lit 文) The new leader yowed to
fight for the rights of his people as long as he had breath. 
(=until he died)这位新领袖发誓，只要一息尚存就要为人民争取
权利。2 [C] a single act of breathing air in and out once （一次）
呼吸，一口气，一息：He took a deep breath and then dived into
the water. 他深深地吸了一口气，然后潜入水中。| (fig. 喻) Let's
go out for a breath of (fresh) air. 我们出去吸口新鲜空气吧。|
She claimed not to like the place, but in the next breath (=the
next moment) said she was taking her holiday there. 她声称
自己并不喜欢那地方，但瞬息间又说她会去那儿度假。| He cursed
them with his last/dying breath. (=at the last moment of his
life)他临终时还咒骂他们。3 [S+of] a slight sign of (something);
SUGGESTION(一丝)痕迹；迹象：There's a breath of spring in
te air today, 今天的天气已露出了一丝春天的气息。| the breath
of scandal 丑闻的迹象 4 take someone's 'breath away to make
someone unable to speak from surprise, pleasure, or shock〔因
惊讶、高兴或恐惧而)使某人目瞪口呆，使大吃一惊：His sheer
rudeness took my breath away. 他如此无礼，使我吃惊得目瞪
口呆。 — see also 另见 BREATHTAKING 5 under your breath
in a low voice or a whisper 低声地 6 don't waste your breath
also 又作 save your breath spoken used in order to tell some-
one not to say anything because there is nothing they can say
that will change the situation【口】不要多费口舌，省点唾沫：
Don't waste your breath making excuses - I can see you're
drunk, 别再多费口舌制造借口了 ——我看得出你已经喝醉了。|
If I were you I'd save my breath, Rosalie - he's already
made up his mind. 我要是你的话就会省点唾沫，罗莎莉——他
主意已定了。- — see also 另见 with bated breath (BATED), catch
one's breath (CATCH1), waste your breath (WASTE2)
breath. a·lyse BrE【英】‖-lyze AmE【美】/`bra0e laiz;'bre0el-
aiz/ v [T] infml to test (a driver) with a breathalyser【非正式】
用呼气测醉器对〔驾车者〕进行测醉检查，呼气测试
breath·a·lys·er BrE【英】‖Breathalyzer AmE trademark【美
商标】/`brεθe, laize; 'breθel-aize/ also 又作 drunkometer Amb
infml【美，非正式】— n an apparatus used by the police to mea-
sure the amount of alcohol that the driver of a car has drunk. In
many countries it is illegal to drive after you have drunk more
than a legal limit of alcohol. 呼气测醉器〔警察用于测定司机喝
酒量的仪器。在许多国家，喝酒超过一定量后驾车是违法的〕
*breathe /brio; bri:0/ v 1 [I; T (IN, OUT)] to take (air, gas etc)
into the lungs and send it out again 呼吸：Fish cannot breathe
out of water. 鱼离开水就不能呼吸。| The doctor told me to
breathe in deeply (=take air in) and then breathe out. 医生要
我深深吸气，然后把气呼出来。| He became ill after breathing
(in) coal dust for many years. 他因长年累月吸带煤尘的空气而
得了病。| They walked through the forest breathing (in) the
scent of pines. 他们步行穿过森林，呼吸着松树的芳香。|She
moved to another seat to get away from the man opposite
who was breathing alcohol/tobacco fumes all over her. 她调
换了一个座位，以躲避对面那个男人喷出的酒气[烟味]。|(lit文
I'll remember this day as long as I breathe. (=until I die)只要
我一息尚存，我就会记住这一天。| breathing apparatuslequip
ment for deep sea divers 深海潜水员的供氧装置 2 [T] to say
softly; whisper 轻声说话；低语：He breathed words of love into
her ear. 他轻声在她耳边倾吐爱情。| She breathed a sigh of
relief when she heard she had passed the exam. 她听到自己
考试及格之后，轻松地舒了一口气。| Don't breathe a word of
it to anyone. (=don't tell anyone about it. )不要将此事告诉任
何人。3 [T (into)] to give or send out as if by breathing 像呼气
那样发出来，给··注入；以··赋与：His enthusiasmbreathed new
life into the department, 他的热情给这个部门注入了新的生命。
(fig. 喻) She really breathes fire when she gets angry!她-
生气就像吃了火药一样！4 [I] (of flowers, wine etc) to take in
air or feel the effects of air〔花、酒等〕透空气；发散气味：Open
the wine so that it can breathe before we drink it. 把酒打开，
在喝之前让它接触接触空气（味道会更好）。| The shoes have
leather soles, so your feet can breathe. 这双鞋是皮底的，所以
你的脚可以透气。5 breathe again to feel calm after feeling
anxious 〔在紧张焦虑之后〕安下心来，宽心；松一口气：He's gone;
you can breathe (freely) again. 他走了，你可松口气了。6 breathe
down someone's neck infml to keep too close a watch on
someone【非正式】密切注视某人；严密监视某人：I can't work
properly with you breathing down my neck all the time. 你总
是盯着我，使我无法正常工作。7 breathe one's last fml or euph
to die【正式或婉】断气，死 - breathing n [U] — see also 另见
heavy breathing
breath. er /brio; 'bri:oe/ n infml a short pause for a rest【非
正式】短暂休息：We've been working quite a long time now:
let's haveltake a breather. 我们已工作很长时间，休息一会吧。
see also 另见 heavy breather
breathing space /'· / n [S; U] (a) short period when one is
free from work, worry, pressure etc 喘息的时间；歇息的机会：
They gave her a breathing space of two weeks before she had
to pay back the debt. 在她必须还清债务之前，他们给她两个星
期的喘息时间。
breath. less /`bre0lis; 'bre0les/ adj 1 breathing heavily or with
difficulty 气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的：By the time I got to the
0198
top I was completely breathless, 我到达山顶时，已经上气不接
下气了。2 causing one to stop breathing or breathe with diffi-
culty 使人屏息的；令人透不过气来的：a breathless silence dur-
ing the exciting last game of the tennis match 最后一场激烈的
网球比赛中，使人屏声静息的时刻| breathless haste/hurry匆
忙得令人喘不过气来的 3 with no wind 无风的； a hot and breath-
less afternoon 一个又热又闷的下午 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
breath. tak·ing /`bra0, tekin; 'bre0, teikin/ adj 1 very exciting
使人兴奋的，激动人心的，惊险的：a breathtaking finish to the
race 赛跑中激动人心的冲刺 2 very surprising or shocking; caus-
ing ASTONISHMENT 吃惊的；震惊的；令人惊愕的：breathtaking
beauty/stupidity/rudeness令人惊叹的美，令人震惊的愚蠢[无礼]
~ly adv: breathtakingly beautiful 美得令人惊叹
breath test /'/ n a test made with a BREATHALYSER 呼气测
醉试验：The breath test showed him to be over the limit
(=having drunk too much alcohol to drive a car)呼气测醉试验
表明他饮酒过量（不宜开车）。
breath-y /`bra0r: 'bre0i/ adj (especially of the voice) with no-
ticeable noise of breath 〔尤指嗓音〕带有气音的，带有喘息声的：
the breathy sound of the flute 带有气音的长笛声 -- -ily adv
-iness n [U]
Brecht /brakt: brekt/, Ber·tolt /`b3tolt; 'b3:teult/(1898-1956)
a German writer of plays and poetry, known especially for his
plays The Threepenny Opera, The Caucasian Chalk Circle
and Mother Courage. Brecht's plays deal with political ideas and
are similar in form to ancient Greek plays, 布莱希特〔 (1898-
1956), 德国剧作家和诗人，尤以创作了《三分钱歌剧》、《高加索灰
阑记》和《大胆妈妈》闻名。他的戏剧涉及政治观点，形式上同古希
腊戏剧相类似) - Brechtian adi; a Brechtian style 布莱希特风格
Brec·on Bea·cons /braken `bikenz: breken 'bi:kenz/ [the+P]
a mountainous area and national park between South and Mid
Wales, popular with walkers 布雷肯比肯斯山国家公园〔位于威
尔士南部和中部之间，深受徒步旅行者喜爱〕
breech /britf; bri:tf/ n the back end of the barrel of a gun, into
which the SHOT' (5) or bullet is put 〔枪炮的〕后膛
breech birth /'/ also 又作 breech de·liv·er·y /'··，·/ a birth
in which the baby is turned feet first or sideways rather than
head first 臀位分娩〔指分娩时婴儿的脚或身体一侧而不是头部先
露出母体〕
breech·es /`britfiz; 'bri:tfz/ also 又作 britches AmE【美】/`bri
tfiz; 'britfz/ n [P] 1 short trousers fastened at or below the
knee 〔长及膝盖的〕半长裤；马裤：riding breeches 马裤 2 now usu
ally humor trousers【现一般幽】长裤 — see 参见 PAIR (USAGE)
produce young〔动物〕繁殖，下崽，下蛋，生：Some animals will
not breed if they are kept in cages. 有些动物关在笼子里就不
繁殖。| (fig. 喻， derog 贬) Those people breed like rabbits
(=have a lot of children)那些人真能生孩子。2 [T] to keep
(animals or plants) for the purpose of producing and develop-
ing young animals or new plants育种，饲养繁殖；培植；改良
(品种) ：He breeds tropical fish. 他饲养热带鱼。| They've bred
a new variety of rose with larger flowers. 他们栽培了能开大
花朵的新品种玫瑰花。| The winning horse was bred in Ireland
获胜的马是在爱尔兰繁殖的。 — see also另见 CROSSBREED2
3 [T] to cause (an undesirable condition or feeling) to develop;
produce 引起；酿成，招致〔一般指不良之事)：Flies and dirt
breed disease. 苍蝇和污物会引起疾病。| All this uncertainty
breeds insecurity. 这样变来变去使人产生不安全感。|They
oppose corporal punishment because they believe that vio-
lence breeds violence. 他们反对体罚，因为他们相信暴力只会招
致暴力。 — see also 另见 WELL-BRED
usually developed under human influence 品种〔常指人工培育
的动、植物)：a strong breed of dog 强壮的种狗| a new breed
of rose 新品种玫瑰花 | (fig. 喻) the first of a new breed of
satellites第一颗新型人造卫星| (fig. 喻) Traditiona
printworkers could soon be a dying breed (=no longer exist)
because of new technology. 由于新技术的发展，传统印刷工人
很可能即将遭到淘汰。 — see also 另见 CROSSBREED
breed·er /`bride; 'bri:de/ n a person who breeds animals or
plants 育种者；饲养者：繁殖者：栽培者
breed-ing /`bridin; 'bri:din/ n [U] 1 the producing of young by
animals or plants〔动物、植物的)繁殖；培育：the breeding sea
son 繁殖季节 2 the business of keeping animals or plants fo
the purpose of obtaining new and better kinds, or young for
sale 动植物优良新品种的培育（业）：cattle-breeding 种牛饲养
业|selective breeding 有选择性的育种| a horse-breeding
farm 种马场 3 training in good manners, as shown by a person's
social behaviour 教养；礼貌；教育：a person of breeding有教
养的人
breeding-ground /'. / n [(of)] 1 a place where the young
especially of wild animals or birds, are produced〔尤指野生动
物的)繁殖场：Sea cliffs are the breeding-ground of many
seabirds. 海边悬崖是许多海鸟的繁殖地。2 a place where some-
thing bad can develop freely〔坏事物的〕滋生地，温床：Dirt is
te breeding-ground of disease, 污物是疾病的温床。| These
overcrowded slums are a breeding-ground of crime. 这些拥
挤的贫民窟是滋生罪恶的温床。
breeze1 /briz; bri:z/ n 1 [C] a light gentle wind 微风，和风：The
flags flapped gently in the breeze. 旗帜在微风中轻轻飘动。-
see 参见 WIND (USAGE) 2 [S] slang, especially AmE some-
thing easily done【俚，尤美】轻而易举之事：Learning English
is a breeze! 学英语易如反掌！ — see also 另见 shoot the breeze
(SHOOT1)
breeze2v [I+adv/prep] infml to move or go quickly and in a
carelessly confident way【非正式】飘然出现，漫不经心地行动
He just breezed in, poured himself a drink, and breezed out
again. 他飘飘然地走进来，自己斟了一杯饮料，又一阵风似地走了
出去。| She breezed along, smiling at everyone. 她漫不经心
地走过，对每个人都笑了笑。| She simply breezed through the
exam. (=passed it easily)她毫不费力地通过了这次考试
breeze·block /`briz blak; 'bri:zblpk/n BrE【英】‖cinderblock
AmE【美】- a light brick for building, made of cement and
CINDERS 煤渣混凝土空心砖，煤渣砖
breez. y /`brizi; 'bri:zi/ adj 1 of or having fairly strong breezes
有微风的：通风良好的； It's breezy today, so the clothes we
washed will dry quickly. 今天吹微风，我们洗的衣服很快会干
的。2 quick, cheerful, and light-hearted in manner 愉快的；轻
松活泼的：She looked very bright and breezy in her yellow
sundress. 她穿着黄色的背心裙看上去非常轻松活泼。| a breezy
personality 轻松活泼的性格 - -ily adv -- -iness n [U]
Brem·ner /`bramne; 'bremne/, Ro. ry /`rori; 'ro:ri/ (1961-) a
UK IMPRESSIONIST (=someone who copies the way that fa-
mous people talk and behave, in a humorous way) who has his
own television show, and who copies the speech and behaviour
of well-known politicians in order to criticize them as well as
to make people laugh 布雷姆纳〔(1961-)，英国滑稽模仿演员，
有自己的电视节目。他模仿政治名流的言行举止不仅为了逗人发
笑，而且也为了批评那些人〕
Bren gun /`bran gan; 'bren gan/ n a light MACHINEGUN 布伦式
轻机枪
Brer Rabbit /，brer `raebit; bree 'raebt/ the main character in
the children's stories by Joel Chandler Harris. Brer Rabbit is a
clever rabbit from the South of the US, who always manages
to escape from danger or from being caught, usually by run-
ning into a BRIER PATCH (=group of bushes with sharp points
on their branches). 兔子大哥〔乔尔·钱德勒·哈里斯所著儿童读
物中的主人公，为一只机灵的兔子。它来自美国南部，常奔入荆棘
丛中躲避危险〕
breth·ren /`breoren; 'breoren/ n [P] (used as a form of address
to people in church or in speaking of the members of a
profession, association, or religious group) brothers教友们；
弟兄们；同胞们；会友们〔用于称呼同教的教友或在谈话中称呼同
行)：dearly beloved brethren 亲爱的弟兄们
Breu·ghel /`brogl; 'breugal/ — see 参见 BRUEGEL
breve /briv; bri:v/ n a long musical note, with a time value twice
as long as a SEMIBREVE〔乐曲的〕倍全音符，二全音符
bre. vi. a. ry /brivi, eri; 'bri:vieri/ n a book used in the Roman
Catholic Church, containing the prayers to be said on each day
by priests〔罗马天主教的〕每日祈祷书，简本大日课经
brev·i·ty /`breveti; 'brevti/n [U] fml【正式】1 shortness in time
短暂，短促：the brevity of life 人生的短促 2 expression in few
words; the quality of being CONCISE〔言辞的)简洁；简短：the
brevity of her speech她简洁的发言
brew1 /bru; bru:/ν1 [T] to make (beer)酿造（啤酒） 2 [I;T
(UP)] a to mix(tea or coffee) with hot water and prepare for
drinking 冲咖啡；泡[沏]茶 b (of tea or coffee) to become ready
for drinking 〔茶或咖啡〕冲好；泡开：Don't pour the tea yet --
it's still brewing. 先别倒茶 -— 让它多泡一会儿。3 [T (UP)] to
prepare (especially something bad); PLOT 图谋，策划〔尤指坏
事) ：I'm sure he's brewing trouble. 我确信他在图谋闹事。4 [I]
(especially of something bad) to be in preparation or ready to
happen; develop 酝酿；孕育〔尤指坏事)：It looks as if a storm
i brewing. 看样子一场风暴即将来临。| The childrer have been
whispering about something - I'm sure there's mischief
brewing. 孩子们在叽叽咕咕低声说话, 肯定要搞什么鬼。
brew2n the amount or kind of liquid brewed 酿造物的种类；酿
造量：a strong brew of tea 一杯浓茶 — see also 另见 HOME BREW
brew. er /`brua; 'bru:e'/ n a person or company that makes beer
酿啤酒者；啤酒公司
0199
Brew·er's /`brua·z; 'bru:ez/ also 又作 Brewer's Dictionary of
Phrase and Fable a British dictionary of phrases and stories. 
that first came out in 1870. Brewer's Dictionary of 20th Cen
tury Phrase and Fable now includes political events, film stars. 
famous murders etc《布氏短语和寓言词典》〔于1870年首次出
版，现在使用的《布氏二十世纪短语和寓言词典》收进了政治事件、
电影明星、臭名昭著的杀人犯等条目〕
brew. er. y /brueri; 'bru:eri/ n a place where beer is made啤酒厂
Brezh·nev /`bra3nf; 'bre3nef/. Le. o. nid /`lienid; 'li:enid/
(1906-1982) the leader of the Soviet Union from 1977 to 1982
勃列日涅夫〔(1906-1982)，1977年至1982年期间的苏联领导人]
bri. ar /`braie; 'braie/ n 1 [C] a tobacco pipe made from the
root of a BRIER 欧石南根烟斗 2 [C;U] a BRIER 欧石南
bribe' /braib; braib/ v [T (with)] to influence the behaviour or
judgment of (especially someone in a position of power or trust)
unfairly or illegally by offering them favours or gifts 向·行
贿，收买，用贿赂影响：She was charged with attempting to bribe
a police officer. 她被控告企图贿赂警官。| I bribed him into
giving me the documents. 我向他行贿, 让他给我提供了文件。
He bribed his way onto the committee. 他用行贿手段进了该委
员会。| [+obj+to-v] They tried to bribe the judge to acquit
them. 他们企图用贿赂影响法官，使他宣判他们无罪。|(fig. 喻)
The child was bribed with a piece of cake to go to bed quietly. 
用蛋糕哄孩子乖乖上床睡觉。
bribe2n something, especially money, offered or given in brib-
ing 贿赂，私礼〔尤指钱)：The policeman was accused of tak-
ing/accepting bribes. 该警察被控告受贿
brib. er. y /braiberi; 'braiberi/ n [U] the giving or taking of bribes
行贿；受贿：charges of bribery and corruption 贪污腐化罪
bric-a-brac /`brik e braek; 'brik e, braek/ n [U] small objects of
various kinds, kept for decoration and sometimes valued be-
cause they are old, unusual, or rare小饰品，小摆设；小古玩，古
董：The house was cluttered with a lot of worthless bric-a-
brac. 房子里杂乱地放了许多不值钱的小摆设。
baked clay used for building 砖； a brick wall 砖墙| He built
his own house, brick by brick, 他的房子是他自己一块砖一块
砖砌起来的。| brick-red (=brownish red) trousers 褐红色的裤
子 2 [C] something in the shape of a brick 砖状物：a brick of
ice cream 冰砖 3 [C] especially BrE a small building block as
a child's toy【尤英】积木玩具 4 [C] BrE old-fash infml a very
nice dependable person; good friend【英，过时，非正式】可靠的
人；好朋友 5 make bricks without straw to do a job without
the necessary materials 做无米之炊 — see also 另见 drop a
brick (DROP2), bang your head against a brick wall (HEAD')
like a ton of bricks (TON)
brick2ν
brick sthg. up/in phr v [T] to fill or enclose completely
with bricks 用砖堵住[围住]：All the windows were bricked up
所有的窗户都用砖堵住了。| He murdered his wife, and bricked
up her body in the kitcher. 他杀死了妻子, 然后把她的尸体藏
在厨房里，用砖砌死
brick-bat /`brik baet; 'brikbaet/ n a piece of something hard like
a brick, especially when thrown in anger〔生气时投出的)一块
硬东西：(fig. 喻) The minister got a lot of parliamentary brick-
bats(=was attacked in words) for his handling of the affair. 
部长对事件的处理，受到议会一连串的抨击
brick·lay·er /`brik lea-; 'brik. leie/ also 又作 brick·ie /`briki:
'briki/ BrE infml【英，非正式】— n a workman who builds walls
etc with bricks 泥瓦匠，砌砖工人 - -laying n[U]
brick. work /brik, w3k; 'brikw3:k/ n [U] building work in which
bricks are used 砌砖工程；砖建筑物：〔建筑物的〕砖结构；decora-
tive brickwork round the windows 窗户周围装饰性的砖结构 |
There are some cracks in the brickwork. 砖墙上有一些裂缝
brick. yard /brikjard; 'brikja:d/ also
又作 brick·field /`brik fild; 'brik-
fi:ld/ BrE【英】- a place where
bricks are made 砖厂
brid. al /braidl; 'braidl/ adj of a bride
or the marriage ceremony新娘的
婚礼的：a bridal dress 新娘的结婚
礼服|the bridal couple新婚夫妇
bride /braid; braid/ n a woman about
to be married, just married, or re-
cently married 新娘；即将出嫁的女
子：The bride wore a beautiful
white dress. 新娘穿了一身漂亮的白
色礼服。— see Feature on page B28
参见B28页文化特写
bride. groom /`braidgrum; 'braid-
gru:m/ also 又作 groom — n a man about to be married, or just
married 新郎 — see Feature on page B28参见 B28页文化特写
Brideshead Re. vis. it. ed /，braidzhed ri`vizitid;braidzhed
ri:'viztd/ a novel by Evelyn Waugh, written in 1945 and made
into a television film in 1980. It is about a rich family who live
in a large house in the country, and about UPPER-CLASS young
men at Oxford University in the 1920s. People remember it
especially because it gives an idea of upper-class English life
before World War II. 《旧地重游》〔伊夫琳·沃于1945年创作的
部小说，1980年被改编成电视片。故事讲述居住在乡间大宅的
一户有钱人家及20世纪20年代牛津大学上流社会的青年。人们
记得这本书，主要是因为它让人了解了第二次世界大战前英国上流
社会的生活〕
brides·maid /braidz med; 'braidzmeid/ n 1 an unmarried girl
who helps the bride at a marriage ceremony 女傧相；伴娘
compare 比较 BEST MAN, FLOWER GIRL, MATRON OF HONOUR
PAGEBOY and see Feature on page B28 并见 B28页文化特写 2
be always the bridesmaid and never the bride to be some-
one who is never the centre of attention and never wins any-
thing 两手空空；从不受人关注
bride-to-be /·· '/ n a woman who is about to be married 快要
当新娘的女子，准新娘：beauty tips for the bride-to-be 准新娘
美容指导
*bridge1 /brid3; brid3/ n 1 a structure that carries a road or rail-
way over a valley, river etc 桥，桥梁：How many bridges are
there across the River Thames?泰晤士河上有多少座桥？ | the
Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco 圣弗朗西斯科市的金门
桥 | a road bridge over a railway line 架在铁路线上方的公路
桥 | (fig. 喻) The training programme is seen as a bridge
between school and work. 那培训计划被看作是学校与工作之
间的桥梁。2 the raised part of a ship on which the captain and
other officers stand when on duty 船桥，舰桥，驾驶台 3 the bony
upper part of the nose, between the eyes 鼻梁 4 the part of a
pair of glasses that rests on the bridge of the nose 眼镜的鼻梁
架 5 a small movable part of a stringed musical instrument. 
used for keeping the strings stretched〔弦乐器的〕弦柱，弦马. 
琴马 6 a small piece of metal for keeping artificial teeth in
place, fastened to the natural teeth 〔假牙上的)齿桥 — see also
另见 build bridges (BUILD1), burn one's bridges(BURN'(12). 
Don't cross your bridges before you come/get to them
(CROSS2), water under the bridge (WATER1)
bridge2v [T] to build a bridge across 在·上架桥：to bridge a
river 在河上架桥 | (fig. 喻) These tax reforms are an attempt
to bridge the gap between the rich and poor. 这些税收改革旨
在弥合贫富之间的差距。
bridge3 n [U] a card game for four players developed from the
game of WHIST 桥牌：Make up a four for bridge at Sally's. 凑
四个人到莎莉家打桥牌。| a bridge club 桥牌俱乐部 — see also
另见CONTRACT BRIDGE
bridge-head /brid3 had; 'brid3hed/ n 1 a strong position far
forward in enemy land from which an attack will be made桥
头堡 2 a position well forward, from which further advances
can be made 用以向前推进的立足点：This discovery will be a
bridge-head for further advances in computer science. 此发
现将成为计算机科学进一步发展的立足点。 — compare 比较
BEACHHEAD
Bridge. wa. ter Four, the /，brid3wote `for; brid3wo:te 'fo:/ four
British men who were put in prison for killing a boy called
Carl Bridgewater in 1978. One of the men died in prison, but
in 1997 it was shown that police officers had behaved dishon-
estly in order to prove that the men were guilty, so they were
let out of prison. 布里奇沃特谋杀案四凶犯〔指1978年因杀害—
名叫卡尔·布里奇沃特的小男孩而入狱的4个英国人，其中1人死
在监狱中。但在1997年有情况表明当时的警官为证实4人有罪
而做了手脚，因此他们被释放〕
bride and groom
bridge·work /`brid3, w3k; 'brid3w3:k/ n [U] especially AmE
新娘和新郎
the BRIDGES1(6) in a person's mouth【尤美】〔假牙的)齿桥
bridging loan /'/ n money lent by a bank for a short time to
help a borrower to buy something, especially a new property. 
before they have sold something else, especially an old property
〔银行借出的短期〕临时贷款
bri. dle' /`braidl; 'braidl/ n leather bands put on a horse's head
to control its movements马笼头；马勒〔缰、辔、口衔的总称]
bridle2v1 [T] to put a bridle on 给套上笼头：to bridle a pony
给小马套笼头 | (fig. 喻) Learn to bridle (=control) your tongue. 
(=to be careful in what you say)要学会管住自己的嘴巴，不要
随便乱说。 — see also 另见 UNBRIDLED 2 [I (at)] to express
anger or displeasure, sometimes by making a proud upward
movement of the head 昂首〔表示轻蔑、愤怒)：I asked her to
do it, but she bridled at the suggestion. 我要求她做那件事，但
0200
她扬起头对我的建议嗤之以鼻。
bridle path /'· / n a path made especially for horse riding, but
not for vehicles〔不能通车的〕骑马专用道
Brie /bri; bri:/ trademark a type of soft round French cheese
which is creamy inside and white outside【商标】布里干酪〔一
种外侧布满白霉，内部柔滑的圆形法式软干酪〕
brief1 /brif; bri:f/ adj 1 short, especially in time 短时间的；短暂
的：a brief visit/letter 短暂的访问；一封短信 | Please be brief
(=say it in a few words) because I'm in a hurry. 我有急事，请
长话短说。| The fans only got a brief glimpse of their idol at
the airport. 崇拜者在机场对他们的偶像只看到了一眼。| His
remarks were brief and to the point. (=short and expressing
his meaning exactly)他的话简洁，而且说到了点子上。| a brief
swimsuit (=covering only a small part of the body)裸露式游泳
衣 2 in brief in as few words as possible 简而言之；简单地说：
the news in brief 新闻摘要 — ~ly adv: The President stopped
off briefly in London on his way to Geneva. 总统去日内瓦途
中在伦敦作短暂停留。
brief2n 1 a short spoken or written statement giving facts or
arguments about a law case 概要，摘要；案情摘要；诉讼案件
〔律师的)辩护状 2 especially BrE the instructions about
someone's duties【尤英】工作指示，指令，简短命令：The new
minister's brief is to ensure that the water supply is improved. 
新部长指示要确保改进供水状况。3 BrE【英】hold no brief for
to not support or be in favour of 不支持；不赞同：I hold no
brief for the policies of this government, but on this occasion
I think they're right. 我并不支持本政府的政策，但这次我认为
他们是对的。 — see also 另见 BRIEFS
brief3 v[T (on)] to give (someone) necessary instructions or
information, in order to prepare them for an activity〔在行动前
摘要地〕给〔某人〕指示；为··提供资讯：to brief astronauts be-
fore their mission 在出发前给太空飞行员作指示 | to brief re-
porters on the new legislation 向新闻记者通报新的立法内容|
The President was briefed by his advisers before the interview
总统在接受采访前得到顾问的资讯。 — compare 比较 DEBRIEF
brief. case /`brif kes; 'bri:fkeis/ n a flat, often leather case for
papers, especially one that opens at the top. When people think
of briefcases, they typically think of businessmen, 公文皮包，
公事包〔人们通常把公文包和生意人联系在一起〕 — compare 比
较ATTACHE CASE
Brief En. coun. ter /，. '·/ a film by David LEAN made in 1945
from a play by Noel COWARD. It is an English love story, of a
housewife and a doctor, who fall in love but then decide to
separate. It is remembered for the romantic scenes in a railway
station and is known for its realism and artistic filming. 《相见
恨晚》，又译《偶遇》〔由大卫·里恩于1945年根据诺埃尔·科沃德
的剧本所改编的一部影片。这是一个英国爱情故事，讲述一位家庭
主妇和一位医生彼此相爱却又决定分手。人们印象尤为深刻的是
在火车站的那一幕浪漫场景。这部电影以现实主义表现手法和富
有艺术性的镜头而著称]
Brief History of Time, A /. . / a book by Stephen HAWK-
ING in which he explains his ideas about how the universe and
time began and how they have developed. Although it deals
with very complicated technical subjects, millions of people
bought the book. But there is a joke that most of them could
not understand it. 《时间简史》〔由斯蒂芬·霍金所著的一本书，阐
述了他对于宇宙和时间如何形成、演变的见解。尽管该书涉及到非
常复杂的技术问题，但还是有上百万人购买。但有一则笑话说大多
数人都对其内容无法理解〕
brief. ing /`brifin; 'bri:fin/ n [C; U] an act of giving necessary
instructions or information 简明指示；情况简介；简报会；Be
fore the meeting, let me give you a quick briefing. 开会之前，
我先给你们简单地通报一下情况。
briefs /brifs; bri:fs/ n [P] UNDERPANTS or KNICKERS. This is the
word used especially by people who make or sell underpants
or knickers. 贴身短内裤，三角裤〔该词尤其为短内裤的生产商或
销售商所使用)；a pair of briefs 一条三角裤 | bikini briefs 比
基尼式泳装的三角裤 — see 参见 PAIR (USAGE)
brier, briar /`braie; 'braie/ n [C; U] a wild bush covered with
sharp THORNS, especially the wild rose bush 荆棘〔野生荆棘灌
木，尤指野蔷薇
Bri-ers /`braiez; 'braiez/, Richard (1934- ) an English actor
known especially for his part in the British television COMEDY
SERIES of the 1970s, The Good Life 布赖尔斯〔 (1934- )，英国
演员，尤以在20世纪70年代的英国电视连续喜剧《美好生活》中
演出的角色而出名〕
brig /brig; brig/ n 1 a ship with two MASTs and large square
sails 横帆双桅船 2 AmE infml a military prison【美，非正式】
〔军队的〕禁闭室；监狱
bri-gade /bri`ged; bri'geid/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] 1 a part of an army. 
of about 5000 soldiers 旅〔约有5000名士兵)2 an organization
formed to carry out certain duties 〔担负特殊使命的〕队，组：the
Fire Brigade消防队
brig. a. dier /，brige`dir;, brige'die/ n a military rank 准将 — see
参见TABLE3
brigadier-gen·eral /，· '·/n a military rank 准将 — see 参见
TABLE3
brig. and /'brigend; 'brigend/ n fml or lit an armed thief, one of
a band of thieves living especially in mountains; BANDIT【正式
或文】土匪；强盗；山贼
brig·an·tine /`brigen tin; 'brigenti:n/ n a ship like a BRIG, but
with fewer sails 纵横帆双桅帆船
*bright /brait; brait/ adj 1 giving out or throwing back light very
strongly; full of light; shining 光亮的；闪光的；发光的：bright
sunlight 灿烂的阳光 | The weather forecast said it would be
mostly cloudy with a few bright intervals. 天气预报说，多云间
晴。| She longed for the bright lights (=interesting and excit-
ing activity) of the big city. 她渴望大城市五光十色的生活。
(fig. 喻) one of the brightest moments in our country's his-
tory 我国历史上最光辉灿烂的时刻之一 | (fig. 喻) It's rather a
dull film - the only bright spots are the dancing scenes. 除
了若干活泼的舞蹈镜头，这是一部枯燥无味的影片。2(ofa
colour) strong, clear, and easily seen〔颜色〕鲜艳的，鲜亮的：
bright red 鲜红的 3 full of life; cheerful; happy 生气勃勃的
欢快的；幸福的：Her face was bright with happiness. 她容光焕
发，满脸喜悦。| bright eyes 炯炯有神的眼睛 4 clever; quick at
learning 聪明的；伶俐的：a bright child/idea 聪明的孩子；好主
意 | She should do well- she's very bright. 她应该能做好，
她是很聪明的。|(infml 非正式) That child is as bright as a
button, (=very clever and full of life) 那孩子机灵极了。— see
参见 CLEVER (USAGE) 5 showing hope or signs of future suc-
css有希望的;前途光明的: You have a bright future ahead of
you!你的前途光明远大。| The long-term prospects for this
industry are beginning to look brighter. 这种工业已出现更
光明的远景。 — see also 另见 ALL THINGS BRIGHT AND
BEAUTIFUL, look on the bright side (of things) (LOOK') -
ly adv: shining/smiling brightly 闪闪发光；笑容满面 — ~ness
n[U]
bright. en /`braitn; 'braitn/ v [I; T(UP)] to (cause to) become
bright(使)发光；（使）明亮；（使）高兴；（使）有希望；（使）聪明：She
brightened (up) when we reached the hotel. 我们一到旅馆，她
就高兴起来。|These new curtains will brighten (up) the room. 
新窗帘将使这个房间变得明朗
bright-eyed and bush. y-tailed /. / adj infml work-
ing well and quickly, and full of new ideas【非正式】干练的，聪
明能干的，机灵敏捷的
Bright. on /`braitn; 'braitn/ a large town on the S coast of
England, which has been a popular place for holidays since
the 18th century. It is famous for the Brighton Pavilion, a
large building with an unusual ORIENTAL design, and it also
has two universities, many language schools, and a well-known
centre for CONFERENCES. 布赖顿〔英格兰南部沿岸一大镇，自18
世纪以来一直是人们的度假胜地，以具有独特东方风格的大型建筑
布赖顿宫闻名。那里还有两所大学、多家语言学校和一家著名的会
议中心〕 — see colour map on page Al 参见A1页彩色地图
brights /braits; braits/ n [P] AmE infml car HEADLIGHTS which
are on as brightly as possible【美，非正式】〔汽车开着的〕车头
灯：Do you have your brights on?你把车头灯打开了吗？
bright spark // n BrE infml, especially humor or derog a
clever or cheerful person【英，非正式，尤幽或贬】聪明伶俐的人；
快乐的人
brill' /bril; bril/ adj infml, especially BrE very good; BRILLIANT
(2); used only by young people【非正式，尤英】非常好的；卓越
的〔仅为年轻人使用〕
brill2n [C; U] a European food fish with a flat body 菱
bril-liant1 /`briljent; 'briljent/ adj 1 very bright, splendid, or
showy in appearance 光亮的，光辉夺目的，灿烂的：The sun
shone in a brilliant blue sky. 太阳在明媚蔚蓝的天空中放射着
光芒。| brilliant colours 五彩缤纷 2 causing great admiration
or satisfaction because a very clever 聪颖的；才华横溢的；英明
的；a brilliant idea/invention/scientist 绝妙的主意：卓越的发
明；杰出的科学家 b highly skilled; extremely good 技艺高超
的；精彩的：a brilliant speaker 出色的演说家 | a technically
brilliant performance 技术上高水平的表演 — see 参见 CLEVER
(USAGE) — ~ly ady - -liance, -liancy n [U]: her brilliance
as an engineer 她作为工程师的才华
brilliant2n tech a precious stone cut with many surfaces to make
it shine【术语】〔以闪烁效果最佳之切法琢成的〕宝石
bril-lian. tine /^briljen, tin; 'briljenti:n/ n [U] an oily mixture for
making men's hair shine and stay in place. It has not been used
0201
much since the 1950s except by older men. (男性)润发油〔该
词自50年代起除了年纪较大的人已不常使用了〕
Bril. lo pad /brilo, paed; 'brileu, paed/ trademark a type of pan
cleaner produced in the UK, made of a ball of thin wire filled
with soap【商标】“布里洛”牌钢丝绒刷扫〔英国制造的圆形钢丝刷
扫，内装肥皂
brim1/brim; brim/ n 1 the top edge of a cup, bowl etc, espe-
cially with regard to how full it is 〔杯、碗等的〕缘，边〔尤用于
表示满的程度)：The glass was full to the brim. 玻璃杯中的液
体已满到要溢出来了。2 the bottom part of a hat which turns
outwards to give shade or protection against rain帽边，帽缘：
You can wear the hat with the brim turned up or down. 你戴
这顶帽子时可把帽边翻上去或翻下来。— see picture at 参见 HAT
图3-brimmed /-brimd; -brimd/ having the stated kind of BRIM
(2)有（某种）边的：a broad-brimmed hat 宽边帽
brim2v-mm-[I(with)] to be ful to the brim(以·)注满；充盈：
His eyes brimmed with tears. 他热泪盈眶。
brim over phr v [I (with)] 1 to become full and begin to
overflow 满到溢出来：Turn off the taps - the sink is brim-
ming over. 关上水龙头 — 水池子的水满得都流出来了。2 to
express a lot of (a good feeling)充满；洋溢着〔常指美好的情
感)：brimming over with self-confidence/happiness 充满自信
心[欢乐]
brim-ful, -full /`brim`ful; 'brim, ful/ adj [F (of, with)] full to
the brim;overflowing(OVERFLOW)满到边的；溢出的；充满
的
brim. stone /brim, ston; 'brimsteun/ n [U] especially old use
the chemical SULPHUR【尤旧】硫磺 — see also 另见 fire and
brimstone(FIRE)
brin. dled /brindld; 'brindld/ adj (especially of cows, dogs, and
cats)brown with marks or bands of another colour〔尤指牛、狗
和猫〕褐色底上带斑纹的
brine /brain; brain/ n 1 [U] water containing a lot of salt, used
for preserving food 卤水；浓盐水 2 [the+S] lit or humor the
sea【文或幽】海；海水 — see also 另见 BRINY - briny adj
carry, or lead (to or towards)带来；拿来；领来：Bring your friend
to the party. 带你的朋友来参加聚会吧。| She brought some toys
for the children. 她带了一些玩具给孩子。| The defendant was
brought before the judge. 被告被带到法官面前。| The new
manager started last week, bringing with him plenty of new
ideas. 新经理上星期上任了，还带来了许多新点子。|[+obj(i)
+obj(d)] Bring me the book. 把书拿给我。— see 参见 USAGE
2 to cause or lead to 造成，引起，导致：The minister's speech
brought an angry reaction from his opponents. 部长的讲话激
起其政敌的愤怒。| The long drought brought great hardship
for the farmers. 长期干旱给农民带来了极大的困苦。|[+obj(i)
+obj(d)] The play's success brought her great satisfaction. 
这出戏的成功给她带来极大的满足。3 to cause to come(to a
particular place, condition, or course of action)促使〔采取某种
行动)；使处于〔某种场合或状态)：His sad letter brought many
offers of help. 他那封凄惨的信促使许多人向他伸出援助之手。|
[+obj+adv/prep] It was their interest in photography that
brought them together. 对摄影的共同兴趣把他们拉到一起来。
The gas is brought ashore by a pipeline. 煤气通过管道送到岸
上。| That brings the total to ￡200. 这使总数达到200英镑。|
The sight brought tears to our eyes. 那情景使我们的眼泪夺眶
而出。| What brings you here today? (=what is your reason
for coming?)今天是什么风把你吹来的？| It was my secretary
who brought the matter to my attention/notice. 是我的秘书提
醒我注意这个问题的。| Put the milk in a pan and bring it to
the boil. 把牛奶倒在锅里煮开。| The company was brought
into being (=started) last year. 这家公司是去年成立的。| The
fraudulent behaviour of a few individuals has brought the
whole profession into disrepute. 个别人的欺诈行为败坏了整
个行业的声誉。| A walkout by factory workers has brought
production to a standstill. 工厂工人的罢工使生产停顿了。[A
few extra classes will be all that is needed to bring her up to
the standard of the rest of the class. 她只需补几节课，就能赶
上其他同学。| She brought the meeting to an end/close as it
was getting late. 由于时间已晚，她便结束了这次会议。|
[+obj+v-ing] Her screams brought the neighbours running. 
她的惊叫声引得邻居都跑来了。|[+obj+to-v]I couldn't bring
myself to tell her the bad news. (=couldn't bear to tell her)我
实在不忍心把这坏消息告诉她。4 to be sold for 能售得〔某一价
格)，能产生〔收入、利益)：This old car will bring about ￡10. 
这辆旧车大约可卖10英镑。|[+obj(i)+obj(d)] The pictures he
sells bring him ￡12, 000 a year. 他卖画每年给他带来12, 000英
镑的收入。5[(against)] law to make officially【律】向·提起
诉讼：Do you think they'l bring charges (against him)?你认
为他们会起诉他吗？|to bring a libel action对诽谤行为提起诉
讼
□USAGE 用法说明 Bring, take, fetch, and carry are all
used to talk about movement of something along with a
person, caused by that person. Bring suggests movement
of something towards the speaker or the place where the
speaker is. bring, take, fetch 和 carry都含有“某人带某
物与自己一道移动”的意思。bring 表示把某物带给说话人，
或送向其所在之处：Bring that book here. (把那本书拿来。)|
They came to my party and brought me a present. (他们
来参加我的聚会，并带给我一件礼品。)Take suggests move-
ment of something to another place. take是指把某物带到
另一处地方：Take your umbrella when you go out. (你出
去时把伞带着。) | We went to her party and took her a
present. (我们去参加她的聚会，并带了一件礼物给她。)Fetch
means'go and get something and bring it back'. fetch是
指去取某物并把它带来：Please fetch the scissors from the
kitchen. (请到厨房把剪刀拿来。) Fetch is not often used in
American English. Instead, get or go and get are used for
this meaning. fetch在美国英语中不常用，表示这种意思的时
候通常用 get 或 go and get: Get the sheets from the
cupboard. (把床单从柜子里拿出来。)| Will you go and get
some eggs at the store? （请到商店去买些鸡蛋好吗？）Carry
does not give any idea as to the direction of movement, 
but suggests support with the arms or body. carry 不含任
何方向的意思，而是指用手或身体的某个部分携带：They car-
ried the body down the mountain. (他们把尸体抬下山。)|
She carried the bag on her back. (她把口袋背在背上。)
bring sthg.  about phr v [T] to cause to happen 引起；导致；
造成；带来：Science has brought about many changes in our
lives. 科学为我们的生活带来许多变化。| The increase in busi-
ness activity was brought about by the fall in oil prices. 石油
价格下跌导致生意增加。
bring sbdy. around/round phr v[T] 1 [(to)] also 又作 bring
over - to persuade into a change of opinion 说服（某人）转变
想法：I'm sure we'll be able to bring him around to our point
of view. 我确信我们能说服他接受我们的观点。2 also又作bring
to - to cause to regain consciousness 使恢复知觉：She opened
all the windows in the hope of bringing him round. 她把所有
窗子都打开，希望他能苏醒过来。
bring sbdy. /sthg.  back phr v [T] 1 to cause to return 把·. 
送回；把··归还；使恢复：All library books must be brought back
before June20. 图书馆的所有图书必须在6月20日前归还。|
If I go with you in your car, will you be able to bring me
back?如果我搭你的车同去，你能送我回来吗？|Even if the Re-
publicans abolish the tax, the Democrats would be sure to
bring it back. 即使共和党废除了这项税收，民主党将来也一定会
把它恢复的。|[+obj(i)+obj(d)] Bring us back our books, 
please. 请把书还给我们吧。2 to obtain and return with 把·带
回来：He brought some beautiful carpets back from Iran. 他
从伊朗带回一些美丽的地毯。|[+obj(i)+obj(d)] When you go
to the post office, will you bring me back some stamps/bring
me some stamps back/bring some stamps back for me?你去
邮局时，请给我带些邮票回来。3 to cause to return to the mind
使想起，使忆起：Hearing the song brought back happy
memories. 听到这首歌使人回忆起往昔的欢乐。|Seeing her
again brought it all back. 再次看到她，不由得想起了过去的一
切。
bring sbdy. /sthg.  down phr v [T] 1 to cause to fall or
come down 使落下，使倒下；打下；降低：The pilot brought the
plane down gently. 驾驶员使飞机平稳地降落。| He brought
the bird down with one shot. 他一枪就把鸟打了下来。| The
good harvest brought down the price of strawberries. 大丰
收使草莓的价格降下来。| Don't try to bring me down (=to
lower my behaviour) to your level. 休想把我的人格降低到你
的水平。2 slang to discourage or disappoint【俚】使泄气，使失
望，贬低，杀〔某人〕威风 — see also 另见 bring the house down
(HOUSE1)
bring sthg. down on sbdy. phr v [T] to cause (something
bad) to happen to 使〔坏事〕发生于·，使·落在. ·. ：His reck-
less spending brought down disaster on his whole family. 他
胡乱花钱给全家带来了灾难。
bring forth sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] old use to produce, espe-
cially give birth to【旧】生，生产〔尤指生孩子)；结（实）；开（花）；
出（芽）：“Bring forth men children only. ”(Shakespeare, 
Macbeth)“让妇女们只生养儿郎。”（莎士比亚《麦克白》）
bring sthg.  forward phr v [T] 1 to introduce or produce
for examination; show 提出，提议：A plan was brought for-
0202
ward to allow workers to share in the profits. 一项让工人分
享利润的计划提出来了。| Can you bring forward any proof
of your story?你能为你所说的情况提供证据吗？2 also又作
put forward - to bring (something in the future) nearer to
the present time 提前：The election will be brought forward
from July to June. 选举从7月提前到6月举行。3 (in BOOK
KEEPING) to move (the total at the bottom of the last page) to
the top of a list of figures, before adding in the figures on the
new page 把〔账目〕结转〔到次页〕
bring sbdy. /sthg. in phr v [T] 1 to cause to come in; intro
duce 把··带进；引入；提出； to bring in a bill in Parliament 在
议会提出议案 | They brought experienced people in to help
他们请有经验的人来帮忙。| The policeman brought in (=to
the police station) two boys he had caught stealing. 警察把当
场抓住的两个偷东西的男孩带到警察局。|Everyone who is
going to work on the project should be brought in on it
(=should take part in it) from the planning stage. 凡是参加这
个工程的人，应该从订计划阶段开始就参与其事。2 to produce as
profit or income; earn 获利；赚钱：The sale brought in over
f200. 这次销售赚了200多英镑。| She's bringing in ￡250 a
week. 她一星期赚 250英镑。 3 to give (a decisior) in cour_裁
决，宣判；宣读判决书：The jury brought in a verdict of guilty
陪审团宣判（被告）有罪。
bring sthg. off phr v [T] to succeed in doing (something
difficult)使成功：圆满完成〔困难的事)：to bring off a big busi
ness deal(好不容易)做成了一大笔生意
bring sthg. → on phr v [T] 1 to cause or result in (an unde-
sirable condition or situation)引起，导致；惹来：Her fever was
brought on by going out in the rain. 她发烧是因冒雨外出引起
的。| The crisis in our industry was brought on by intense
competition from foreign producers. 我们这行业的危机是由
于外国厂商的激烈竞争造成的。2 to cause to develop or improve
有助于：改善：促进：This warm weather should bring on the
crops. 温暖的气候会有助于农作物的生长。| A month in Lon-
don will bring on your English. 在伦敦待一个月，你的英语就
会有进步。
bring sthg. on/upon sbdy. phr v [T] to cause (something
unpleasant) to happen to 使〔尤指不愉快的事〕发生；招来，惹来：
You've brought the trouble on yourself. 这是你自找的麻烦。
bring sbdy. /sthg. out phrv [T] 1 to present (a new product)
to the public; introduce for sale 推出（新产品）：推销：They're
bringing out a new model of the car next year. 明年他们将推
出这种汽车的新型号产品。| A special issue of the magazine
was brought out to commemorate the occasion. 为纪念这个
节日，这家杂志出版了专刊。2 to cause to be seen; make clear
使··明显；显示出；发挥；诱导：The increased responsibility
brought out her best qualities. 她的担子加重了, 这就使她身上
的优点得以发挥。| That friend of his seems to bring out the
worst in him, 他那个朋友似乎把他最丑陋的一面都诱发出来了。
3 also又作 draw out - to help (someone) feel less nervous
or awkward in the company of others 帮助〔某人)使（他）不害
羞[怕生]，鼓励使不怯场：Mary is very shy; try to bring her out
at the party. 玛丽很害羞，在聚会上要鼓励她，使她自然些。4
especially BrE to cause (workers) to go on STRIKI2 (1)【尤英】
使〔工人)罢工：They've threatened to bring the men out if their
demands aren't met. 如果他们的要求得不到满足，他们威胁要
煽动工人罢工
bring sbdy. out in phr v [T] BrE to cause to suffer the stated
skin condition【英】使皮肤过敏：Eating a lot of cheese always
brings me out in spots. 乳酪吃多了，我的皮肤就会出现斑点。
Strawberries bring him out in a rash. 吃了草莓，他就会出皮
疹。
bring sbdy. round phr v [T] to BRING around 使苏醒
bring sbdy. through (sthg. ) phr v [T] to cause to come suc-
cessfully through (a difficult or dangerous situation)使脱离险
境；使渡过难关：The doctor brought him through (a serious
illness). 医生把他（从重病中）抢救过来。| The people's cour-
age brought them through (the war). 民众的勇气使他们经受
住（战争的）考验。- — see also 另见 PULL through (1)
bring sbdy. /sthg. up phr y [T] 1 to educate and care for (a
child) until grown-up 养育，教养（孩子） ：to bring up children
养育孩子|well/badly brought up 受过很好[不好]的教养
She was brought up to believe that money is the most impor
tant thing in life. 她所受的教养使她相信，金钱是生活中最重要
的东西。2 to mention or bring to attention (a subject)提出〔议
题)：Don't bring up that embarrassing topic. 不要提出那个令
人尴尬的话题。 — compare 比较 COME up (1) 3 especially BrE
to VOMIT (your food)【尤英】呕吐； He brought up his dinner
他把晚餐吃的东西都呕吐出来了。4 bring someone up short
to cause to stop suddenly 使 （某人）突然停住：I was about to
enter the room, when I was brought up short by a note on the
door. 我正要走进房间时，门上的字条使我突然停住了。— see
also 另见 bring up the rear (REAR1)
bring-and-buy sale /，···，/ also 又作 bring-and-buy /，· ·'·/
- n BrE a sale, usually to raise money for a CHARITY, where
people bring goods to be sold and buy goods brought by other
people【英】义卖〔通常指慈善救济性质的买卖〕
bringing-up /. / n [U] AmE the act of educating and caring
for a child until it is an adult【美】〔儿童的〕教育，抚养：教养：
She had a terrible bringing-up. 她的教养很差。 — see also 另
见 UPBRINGING
brink /brink; brink/ n [the+S (of)] 1 an edge, e. g. at the top of a
cliff or a river 峭壁的边缘；水边：They stood on the brink of
the Grand Canyon. 他们站在大峡谷峭壁的边缘上。2 as far as
one can go without actually being in a condition or situation;
VERGE 边缘；关头：His failures brought him to the brink of
(=dangerously near) ruin. 他的失败使他濒临破产的边缘。|a
rare animal on the brink of extinction 濒临绝种的稀有动物
brink·man·ship /`brinkmenfip;'brinkmenfip/ BrE【英】‖
brinks·man·ship /`brinksmen-; 'brinksmen-/ AmE【美】- n
[U] infml the art of trying to gain an advantage by going to the
limit of safety, especially in international politics, before
stopping【非正式】〔尤指国际政治中的〕边缘政策，冒险政策
brin·y /`braini; 'braini/ n [the+S] lit or humor the sea【文或幽】
海
bri. oche /`'briof; 'bri:f/ n a small cake made with a lot of eggs
and butter 黄油蛋糕卷
bri-quette /bri`ket; bri'ket/ n coal dust pressed into a block for
burning in a fireplace煤砖，煤饼
Bris. bane /`brizben; 'brizben/ a port and the capital city of
Queensland state in the east of Australia, the third largest city
in the country 布里斯班〔澳大利亚东部一港市，为昆士兰省的首
府，是该国第三大城市〕
brisk /brisk; brisk/ adj 1 quick and active 轻快的；活泼的；敏捷
的：a brisk walker/walk 步履轻快的人；轻快的散步 | a brisk
manner 活泼的举止 | ice-cream vendors doing brisk business
during the heat wave 大热天生意兴隆的冰淇淋小贩 2(especially
of wind and air) pleasantly cold and strong 〔尤指风、空气〕清新
凉爽的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
bris. ket /`'briskit; 'briskt/ n [U] meat from an animal's chest
〔动物的〕胸肉
bris·tle1 /`brisl; 'brisal/ n [C; U] (a) short stiff hair 短而硬的毛
发：His chin was covered with bristles. 他的下巴长满了胡子
楂。| The brush is made of animal bristle(s). 刷子是用动物的
鬃毛制造的。
bristle2v [I (UP, at, with)] (of an animal's hair or fur) to stand
up stiffly (e. g. because of anger, distrust etc)〔动物因愤怒等原
因而毛发)竖立；硬挺：The dog's hair bristled (up) when the
visitors came to the door. 当来访者走近大门时, 那条狗的毛都
竖起来了。| (fig. 喻) They bristled (with anger) at his deni-
grating description of their activities. 听到他在污蔑他们的活
动，他们都怒发冲冠。
bristle with sthg. phr v to have plenty of (especially some-
thing unpleasant or unattractive); be full of 到处都是〔尤指不
愉快的事)；··重重，··丛生：The streets bristled with armed
guards after the latest terrorist attack. 恐怖分子最近一次袭击
后，大街上布满了武装卫队
bris·tly /`brisli; 'brisli/ adj 1 like or full of bristles 长满硬毛的：
硬毛般的：a bristly chin 胡子拉碴的下巴 2 difficult to deal with
because easily angered or annoyed 容易发怒的；不好对付的
Bris. tol /bristl; 'bristl/ an industrial city and international port
in the SW of England, where the local government for Avon is
based. The CLIFTON SUSPENSION BRIDGE is in Bristol. 布里斯
托尔〔英格兰西南部一工业城市和国际海港，为埃文郡地方政府所
在地。城内建有克利夫顿悬索桥〕 — see colour map on page Al
参见A1页彩色地图
Bristol Chan·nel, the /，· '·/ n an area of water between S
Wales and SW England which goes from the Atlantic Ocean
to the mouth of the Severn River 布里斯托尔海峡〔位于威尔士
南部和英格兰西南部之间，为大西洋至塞文河河口的水域〕
Bristol Cream /，·'·/ trademark a type of very sweet SHERRY
which is made by Harvey's; it is one of the best known types
of sherry in the UK【商标】布里斯托尔浓醇雪利酒〔由夏薇公司
生产的一种甜味雪利酒，是英国最著名的雪利酒之一〕
Brit /brit; brit/ n infml a British person【非正式】英国人：There
were five of us -- three Brits and two Americans. 我们共有五
个人
三名英国人和两名美国人。 — see also 另见 BRIT
AWARDS
Brit·ain /`britn; 'britn/ Great Britain or the UK 大不列颠，英国
see 参见 (USAGE); see also 另见 BATTLE OF BRITAIN and
0203
see colour map on page A1 并见A1页彩色地图
Bri. tan. nia /britaenje; br'taenje/ a female figure representing
Britain, formerly shown on some coins. Britannia is usually
shown sitting down, wearing a HELMET, and holding a TRI
DENT(=an ancient weapon with three points, which looks like
a large fork). Next to her feet she has a SHIELD with the design
of the British flag on it. There is a popular national song called
RULE BRITANNIA. 大不列颠像〔旧时印在一些硬币上象征英帝国
的女性形象，常以头戴钢盔、手持三叉戟的坐姿出现，脚旁放有一
面带有英国国旗图样的盾牌。有一首家喻户晓的爱国歌曲叫作《顶
住狂涛，英国》) — see also 另见 ROYAL YACHT
Brit Awards, the /'·/ a set of prizes given every year at a
public ceremony to the best British popular musicians. There
are similar prizes in the US called the GRAMMY AWARDS. 布里
特奖〔一年一度颁发给英国最杰出的流行音乐家的一系列奖项，美
国有一类似的系列奖项称格莱美奖〕
britch·es /`britfiz; 'britfz/ n [P] AmE for【美】= BREECHES
Brit-ish /`britif; 'britif/ adj of Britain (or the British
Commonwealth)不列颠的，英国的；英联邦的：a British citizen
passport 英国公民[护照] | the British government 英国政府 | 
I'm German, but my husband is British. 我是德国人，但我丈
夫是英国人。| to speak British English 说英国英语| [also又
作 n, the+P] The British drink a lot of tea. 英国人喝很多茶
-see参见UK(USAGE)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 British people are often
thought of as being RESERVED (=quiet and unwilling to
show their feelings) and as always keeping a'stiff upper
lip'(=trying to seem calm when they are really upset or
worried). People also believe that the British use a lot of
RONY and UNDERSTATEMENT in their humour. Some
people now think of violence at football games when they
think of British people, especially young British people. 
人们通常认为英国人保守、镇定，其幽默的话语中使用大量讽
刺和低调的陈述。现在人们一想到英国人，尤其是年轻的英国
人，就会联想起足球比赛时的暴力事件
British A. cad·e. my, the /. . . / a society that was started in
1901 to encourage the study of language, literature, history
economics etc. Most of its members are university teachers
who have done important work in their subjects. There is a
similar society for people working in scientific fields, called
the ROYAL SOCIETY. 英国学会〔成立于1901年，旨在鼓励研究
语言、文学、历史、经济等的一个团体，其成员大多数为在各自领域
中做重要研究工作的大学教师。一个为科技工作者设立的类似团
体称英国皇家学会〕
British Ae. ro. space /britif`rospes;britif 'eareuspeis/
abbrev. 缩写为 BAe the largest British company producing
aircraft for both passenger and military use. It also produces
MISSILES, space systems, and other weapons. 英国航空航天工
业公司〔英国最大的民用和军用飞机制造公司，也研制导弹、航天
系统及其他武器装备〕
British Air·ways /· '·/ abbrey, 缩写为 BA the largest British
AIRLINE 英国航空公司〔英国最大的一家航空公司〕
British Board of Film Classification, the /. ·. ·. ，. 
special committee in the UK whose job is to watch new films
and decide whether children or young people will be allowed
to see them. They give each film a CERTIFICATE, showing which
ilms can be shown to anyone (U), which can be seen by chil-
dren if an adult goes with them(PG), and which films can only
be seen by people over a particular age (12， 15， and 18). For
example, a film with an '18'certificate probably has a lot of
sex and violence in it, so can only be seen by people who are at
east 18 years old. There is a similar organization in the US
called the MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. 英国电
影分级委员会〔在英国审查新影片以决定儿童或年轻人是否获准观
看的一个特别委员会。他们给每部影片颁发证明，标明U级为所
有人都可以观看的影片，PG级为由成人陪同的儿童观看的影片，
有些影片仅供超过某些特定年龄的人观看（如12. 15和18岁）。例
如，标有‘18的影片也许涉及大量性与暴力的镜头，仅供18岁及
18岁以上人士观看。美国有一类似机构，称美国电影协会
British-born /，·. ·/ adj born in Britain 出生于英国的：a Brit
ish-born Australian 英国出生的澳大利亚人
British Broad. cast·ing Cor. po. ra-tion, the
the BBC英国广播公司
British Co·lum·bi·a /···/ (abbrev. 缩写为 BC) a PROVINCE
in W Canada, bordering on the Pacific Ocean 不列颠哥伦比亚
省〔加拿大西部一省，濒临太平洋〕
British Com·mon·wealth /· ·/ — see 参见 COMMONWEALTH
British Coun-cil, the
1935 to represent the UK's interests abroad in areas such as
education and the arts, not in politics or business. A lot of its
work is connected with the teaching of English, and it also
supports educational visits between the UK and other countries. 
and libraries, musical and theatre visits etc. 英国文化委员会
〔成立于1935年，代表英国在教育、艺术等非政治、商业方面海外
利益的一个机构。它的大量工作与英语教学有关，同时也支持英国
同其他国家之间教育、图书、音乐和剧院等机构的互访〕
British Em-pire, the /，· '·/ the group of countries formerly
connected with and controlled by Great Britain, which was at
its largest at the time of World War I, when it included 25 per
cent of the world's area 大英帝国，不列颠帝国〔指原与大不列
颠有关联并受其控制的一些国家，第一次世界大战时期最为鼎盛，
占有全世界25%的面积)— see Feature on page B6参见B6页
文化特写
British En-glish /，· '·/ n [U] the type of English used in the
UK, which is different in some ways from the English used in
other places, especially in its pronunciation and in some of its
words英式英语〔在英国使用的英语，尤其在发音和一些单词方面
与其他地方使用的英语有所不同〕 — compare 比较 AMERICAN
ENGLISH
Brit-ish-er /`britife; 'britife/ n AmE a person who comes from, 
or whose parents come from Britain【美】英国人
British Film In. sti-tute, the /. . . / a British organization
which encourages film making and manages the NATIONAL
FILM THEATRE 英国电影协会〔鼓励电影制作并管理国家电影院的
个英国组织〕
British Gas /. / trademark a company in the UK which pro. 
duces and sells natural gas, and which used to be owned by the
British government【商标】英国天然气公司〔英国一家开采和销售
天然气的公司，原为政府所有
British Home Stores /··/ the full name of BHS 英国家庭用
品商店
British Isles /. '/ n [the+P] the group of islands made up of
Great Britain, Ireland, and the smaller islands around them, 
such as the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 不列颠群岛
〔包括大不列颠、爱尔兰及其周围的小岛，如海峡群岛和马恩岛
等〕— see 参见UK(USAGE)
British Le-gion, the /，·. '. ·/ the Royal British Legion a Brit
ish organization which helps people who have been in the armed
forces and their families. The British Legion collects money
by selling poppies (POPPY) for REMEMBRANCE Day. 英国皇家
军团〔向退伍军人及其家属提供帮助的一个组织，在阵亡将士纪念
日那天通过出售人造罂粟花来募集钱款
British Li. bra. ry, the /. · '. / the national library of the UK. 
with centres in London and in Yorkshire, which receives a copy
of every book produced in the UK. Its large new building in
London was eventually completed in 1996， after many delays
and arguments about its design. 英国图书馆〔英国国家图书馆，
其中心分设在伦敦和约克郡，收藏英国出版的每一本书。位于伦敦
的新大楼经多次延期以及对其设计的争论后终于在1996年竣工)
British Li. ons /. · ·/ n [the+P] the Rugby Union team choser
from players from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland to
play in international matches 不列颠雄狮队〔一支参加国际性比
赛的联盟橄榄球球队，其队员选自英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔
British Mu. se·um, the /. . . / a famous building in London
which contains a large and important collection of ancient art, 
writings, coins, drawings etc不列颠博物馆，大英博物馆[伦敦
的一幢著名建筑，藏有古代艺术、书籍、钱币、绘画等大量珍品]
. 
see colour map on page A4 参见A4页彩色地图
British O·pen, the /··/ also又作 the Open the most impor-
tant British GOLF competition, which is held every year in dif-
ferent parts of the UK英国公开赛〔英国最重要的高尔夫球赛事，
每年在英国的不同地区举行
British Rail /·. / the national railway system of the UK, which
used to be owned by the government. In 1996 and 1997， parts
of the system were sold to private companies such as
RAILTRACK and VIRGIN, 英国铁路〔指英国国家铁路运输系统，原
为政府所有，1996年和1997年有一部分售予私营企业，如铁路轨
道公司和维珍公司等〕
British Sum·mer Time /· ·/ abbrev. 缩写为 BST n [U]
time shown on clocks that is one hour ahead of Greenwich
/, . `. . . , . /n
Mean Time, used in the UK from late March to late October
英国夏令时间〔比格林尼治标准时间快1小时，英国在3月底至10
月底之间使用夏令时间〕 — compare 比较 DAYLIGHT SAVING
TIME
British Tel·e·com /· ··/ abbrev. 缩写为 BT the largest com-
pany providing telephone services in the UK. It used to be
owned by the government and was then the only telephone
0204
company in the UK. Since it became a private company, other
companies have also been allowed to provide telephone
services, but British Telecom is still used by most people and
businesses. It is known for using the phrase 'It's good to talk'
in its advertising. 英国电信公司〔英国最大的电信服务商，原为
政府所有。当时是英国惟一一家电话公司，自从成为私营企业后，
其他公司也可以经营电信业务，但大多数人和公司仍租用英国电信
公司的线路。它以广告中的短语“相谈其欢”而闻名〕
Brit. on /`britn; 'britn/ n (used especially in newspapers or in
writing about history) a British person 英国人〔尤为报纸和描
写历史的作品所使用)：Fifty-five people were killed in the plane
crash, including seven Britons. 飞机失事死了 55人，包括7名
英国人。| the ancient Britons 古代英国人
Brit. pop /`britpap; 'britpop/ n [U] a type of British popula
music of the 1990s. It often has tunes that are easy to remember. 
clever or interesting words, and is suitable for dancing. It is
usually played by small bands with a DRUMMER, one or two
GUITAR players, and a singer. Well-known Britpop bands in
clude BLUR and OASIS, 不列颠流行音乐[20世纪90年代的一种
英国流行音乐，其曲调易记，歌词灵巧、有趣，适合跳舞，一般为由
位鼓手，一、两位吉他手和一位歌手组成的小乐队所表演。著名
的不列颠流行音乐乐队包括“模糊”乐队和“绿洲”乐队〕-see
Feature on page B6参见B6页文化特写
Brit. tan. v /briteni; 'britani/ an area of NW France with a long
coast, between the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel. It
is a popular place for British people to go on holiday. 布列塔尼
[位于比斯开湾和英吉利海峡之间的法国西北部一地区，有着长长
的海岸线，是英国人的度假胜地〕
Brit. ten /britn; 'britn/, Ben. ja. min /band3emin; 'bend3emn
(1913-1976)a British musician, COMPOSER, and CONDUCTOR
=someone who directs a group of musicians) known espe
cially for writing A Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra
(1945), A War Requiem (1962) and the OPERAS Peter Grimes
(1951) and Billy Budd (1951). In 1948 he started the
ALDEBURGH Festival with his life-long companion, the singer
Sir Peter PEARS. 布里顿〔(1913-1976)英国音乐家、作曲家和指
挥家，以作品《青年管弦乐队指南》(1945)、《战争安魂曲》(1962)
及歌剧《彼得·格赖姆斯》(1951)、《比利·巴德》(1951)而闻名
1948年，他与终生伙伴、歌唱家彼得·皮尔斯爵士共同创办了奥尔
德堡音乐节
brit. tle1 /`britl; 'britl/ adj 1 hard but easily broken 易碎的，脆
的：brittle glass 易碎的玻璃|(fig. 喻) a brittle friendship 不
牢固的友谊 2 lacking warmth or depth of feeling 冷淡的，缺少
人情味的；brittle humour 没有人情味的幽默
brittle2n [U] a mixture of nuts, butter, and sugar made into a
hard sweet 果仁薄脆糖：peanut brittle 花生薄脆糖
Brix. ton /brikstn; 'brikstan/ an area of S London which is known
for having a large black population 布里克斯顿〔伦敦南部一地
区，以黑人人口密集而著称〕
bro /bro; breu/ n AmE, infml short for 缩略形式= brother; used
especially by black Americans【美，非正式】兄弟；弟弟；哥哥〔尤
为美国黑人使用〕
broach /brotf; breutf/ v [T] 1 [(to)] to introduce as a subject of
conversation; start to talk about (something difficult or likely
to cause argument)提及，谈起〔难题或会引起争论的话题]：A
last he broached the subject of the new contract to them. 最
后他向他们提出新合同的问题。2 tech to open (a bottle or barrel)
【术语】开〔瓶、桶
B-road /bi rod; 'bi: reud/ n in Britain, a less important country
road (often shown in yellow on maps) with the letter B before
its number B级公路，乙级公路〔指英国较为次要的乡间公路，地
图上通常用黄色表示，标号前带有字母B
*broad1 /brod; bro:d/ adj 1 large, or larger than usual, when
measured from side to side; wide 宽的，阔的：broad shoulders
宽肩膀 | a broad river 宽阔的河流 | a broad smile 满面笑容
 — compare 比较 NARROW1(1)2 [after n 用于名词后](after an
expression of measurement) in width; across 宽度为. ：fou
metres broad 宽度为四米 3 stretching out far and wide; EX-
TENSIVE 辽阔的；广大的；广泛的；broad plains 辽阔的平原| a
sports centre catering for a broac range of activities可进行
多种活动的体育中心|a broad-spectrum antibiotic(=one that
has effect on a wide range of infections)广谱抗菌素| a policy
that enjoys broad popular support (=is supported by most
people)一项获广泛支持的政策 4 not limited in thought, ideas
etc 开明的；丰富的；广博的； the broad sweep of the writer's
imagination 作家丰富的想像力 |Her taste in literature is very
broad. 她在文学方面的兴趣是非常广泛的。 — see also 另见
BROADMINDED 5 [A] not particular or detailed; general 粗略
的，概括的，一般的：广义的：Just give me a broad outline of
the plan. 只把这项计划的大概情况给我讲讲好了。6 [A] full and
clear; plain; open 非常清楚的；明亮的；明白的；公开的：The
burglars broke into the house in broad daylight. 窃贼竟在大
白天闯入屋里偷窃。| a broad hint 明白的暗示 7 (of a way of
speaking) strongly marked; showing clearly where the speaker
comes from 〔说话〕口音重的，地方音重的：He spoke broad
Scots. 他说话带有很重的苏格兰口音。| a broad Texas accent
浓重的得克萨斯州口音 8 (e. g. of jokes) rather rude, especially
about sexual matters; not acceptable in polite society〔如笑话
等〕粗俗的，下流的：broad comedy/humour粗俗的喜剧：近乎
淫亵的幽默 9 broad in the beam infml having broad HIPs:
rather fat; more often used of women【非正式】屁股肥大的，肥
胖的〔多指女性) 10 It's as broad as it's long especially BrE it
does not matter which of two things or courses of action you
choose, because neither is clearly better than the other【尤英】
反正都一样：半斤八两：不分高低：It's cheaper by bus, but the
trair is a lot quicker, so it's as broac as it's long. 乘公共汽车
便宜，但坐火车快得多，所以各有优点。— see 参见 WIDE
(USAGE) 11 a broad church BrE used about an organization
or group that includes people with very different opinions or
beliefs【英】成员观点或信仰迥异的团体[组织]：Romania's Na-
tional Salvation Front is certainly a broad church, with sup-
porters from the whole political spectrum. 罗马尼亚民族解放
阵线真是个大拼盘，其支持者来自各个不同的政治派别。|My
ambition is to create an exciting theatre, and I want it to be a
broad church. 我的愿望是建立一座令人兴奋的剧院，并使它兼
收并蓄。 — ~ly adv: Broadly (speaking), I agree with you. 大
体上说来，我同意你的意见。| Her job is broadly similar to
mine. 她的工作和我的工作大致上相似。 — ~ness n [U]
broad2 n 1 [usually pl. 一般用复数] (usually cap. as part of a
name 一般用大写作为地名的一部分)an open area of water
formed where a river broadens out, especially in eastern
England〔尤指英格兰东部由河川变宽而成的)湖沼地区；the Nor-
folk Broads 诺福克郡湖沼地区 2 AmE derog slang a woman
【美，俚，贬】女人，娘儿们
broad. band /`brodbaend; 'bro:dbaend/ adj tech a system of send-
ing radio signals which allows several messages to be sent at
the same time【术语】〔无线电〕宽频带的，宽波段的
broad bean / '/ also 又作 fava bean AmE【美】- n a large
flat pale green bean 蚕豆
broad brush //n [S] a way of talking about only the main
features of something 笼统的概括：He painted the situation
with a broad brush. (=explained it only generally, not giving
many details)他大概说了一下情况。- broadbrush /^`brodbrvf;
'bro:dbraf/ adj: a broadbrush strategy for increasing sales
提高销售的一个纲要性策略
*broad. cast1/brod kaest; 'bro:dka:st/n an act of sending sound
and/or pictures by radio or television 无线电[电视]广播；播送
节目：a live broadcast of the football game 足球比赛的实况转
播| a television/radio news broadcast 电视[电台]新闻广播
*broadcast2v broadcast 1 [I; T] to send out (radio or televi-
sion PROGRAMMEs) 广播；播送：The BBC broadcasts to all
parts of the world. 英国广播公司向世界各地广播。| The con-
cert is being broadcast live. 这场音乐会正被现场转播。 2 [T]
to make widely known 使广为传播，散布：He broadcast the
news to al his friends. 他向所有的朋友都讲了这件新闻。 — ~er
n — ~ing n[U]
Broadcasting Com·plaints Com·mis. sion, the/·. . ·. . ·
a group of people who deal with complaints about radio or
television programmes in the UK 英国广播电视节目投诉委员
Broadcasting House /·/ the central office of the BBC （英
国广播公司)中央大楼
Broadcasting Stan-dards Coun. cil, the
. ·. / in the
UK, a group of people who watch television and radio
programmes, and decide whether they contain too much sex or
violence or are offensive or unsuitable in any way 英国广播电
视节目标准委员会〔审查广播电视节目，以判定节目是否含有太多
色情、暴力内容或在某些方面带有侮辱性或不适合播放的内容〕
broad. cloth /`brod klo0; 'bro:dklp0/ n [U] thick woollen cloth
of very good quality 上等黑色呢绒
broad. en /brodn; 'bro:dn/ v [I; T (OUT)] to make or become
broader 加宽；（使） 变宽；使扩大：The river broadens (out) at
this point. 河流在这里开始变宽。| Travel broadens the mind. 
旅行开阔人的心窍。| His parents hoped the course would
broaden his horizons. 他的父母希望这门课程能开阔他的视野
compare 比较 WIDEN
broad gauge /'/ n a size of railway track of more than stan-
dard width〔铁路的〕宽轨
broad jump, the /' / n AmE for【美】= LONG JUMP
oroad-loom /brod lum; 'bro:dlu:m/ n [U] tech a CARPET that
0205
is woven in a wide piece, especially in one single colour【术
语】〔尤指单色的〕宽幅地毯
broad·mind·ed /brod`maindid;bro:d'maindd/ adj apprec
willing to respect the opinions and behaviour of other people. 
even if very different from your own【褒】气量大的，心胸开阔
的，能容纳不同意见的 — opposite 反义词 narrow-minded
~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
Broad·moor /`brodmor; 'bro:dmo:/ a special hospital in the
UK for very dangerous criminals who are mentally ill布罗德
莫精神病院〔英国的一家特殊医院，收治十分危险的精神病刑事罪
犯〕
Broads, the /brodz; bro:dz/ the Norfolk Broads〔诺福克郡的
布罗兹区 — see 参见 NORFOLK
broad-sheet /brodfit; 'bro:dfi:t/ n something (such as a news
paper or advertisement) printed on a large sheet of paper 宽幅
印刷品<如报纸、广告等>
broad·side' /`brod said; 'bro:dsaid/ n 1 a forceful spoken or
written attack 〔口头或书面的)猛烈攻击：She delivered a with
ering broadsid e against the committee's decision, 她发表了
激烈的演说，猛烈抨击委员会的决定。2 the firing of all the guns
on one side of a ship at the same time 舷炮同时齐射 3 broad
side on BrE【英】‖ broadside AmE【美】sideways 侧向地：The
truck hit the car broadside on, 卡车撞了小汽车的侧面。
broadside2v [T] especially AmE to crash into the side of an-
other vehicle【尤美】撞上〔另一车辆的侧面]
broad. sword /brod sord; 'bro:dso:d/ n old use or lit a heavy
sword with a broad flat blade, especially one held and swung
with both hands【旧或文】〔尤指需两手持握的〕大砍刀；阔剑
Broad·way /brodwe; 'bro:dwei/ a famous street in New York
City where there are many theatres. Broadway and the area
around it is the centre of the city's theatre industry. 百老汇〔位
于纽约市的一条著名街道，有许多剧院，该区域为纽约戏剧业中
心)：The new show will open on Broadway next month. 那出
新戏将于下月在百老汇上演。|a Broadway musical 百老汇音
乐剧 — see also 另见 OFF BROADWAY and see colour map or
page A5 并见A5页彩色地图
bro. cade'/bro`ked; bre'keid/ n [U] decorative cloth with a raised
pattern of gold or silver threads 织锦，锦
brocade2v [T] to decorate (cloth) with a raised pattern 在〔织
物)上织出凸花纹：a brocaded waistcoat 有凸花纹的马甲
broc. co. li /brakeli; 'brokeli/ n a vegetable whose young green
or purple flower heads are eaten花茎甘蓝；花椰菜，西兰花菜
bro-chure /bro`fur; 'breufe/ n a book, often with pictures and
of various sizes with a thin paper cover, especially one giving
instructions or details of a service〔尤指说明书一类的〕小册子：
a holiday brochure一本度假须知小册子| an advertisin: bro-
chure 一本广告宣传小册子
broque1 /brog; breug/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a strong thick
shoe with a pattern made in the leather 粗革厚底皮鞋；皮革上
有装饰性花纹的厚皮鞋 — see 参见 PAIR(USAGE)
broque2n [usually sing. 一般用单数] a way of speaking, espe
cially the way in which the Irish speak English 〔尤指爱尔兰人
说英语时的〕土腔
broil /broil; broil/ ν 1 [T] AmE for【美】= GRILL — see 参见
COOK (USAGE) 2 [I; T] to (cause to) be very hot or too hot 灼人：
使受炙热：It's really broiling (hot) today! 今天真热死人了。|
I'm broiling in this hot sun! 这火辣辣的太阳快把我烤焦了！
broil-er /`broile; 'broile/ n 1 a young small chicken bred to be
cooked by broiling 〔适于烧烤的〕嫩鸡 2 infml a very hot day
【非正式】大热天：Yesterday was a real broiler! 昨天真热呀！
3 AmE for【美】= GRILL2 (1) — see 参见 COOK (USAGE)
Bro-kaw /`brake; 'brauke/, Tom a US news presenter at NBC
布罗考〔美国国家广播公司新闻节目主持人)
broke'/brok: breuk/ past tense of BREAK'
broke2 adj [F] infml completely without money【非正式】破产
的，一文不名的：I'm flat broke/stony/stone broke(BrE英). 
我一文不名了。| His firm has gone broke. 他的商行破产了。
bro. ken1 /broken; 'breuken/ past participle of BREAK1: The
broken
破的；损坏了的
window was broken by a ball. 窗户被球打破了。
broken2 adj1 damaged, spoilt, or made useless by breaking破
的；损坏了的；破碎的：Be careful of the broken glass. 当心碎玻
璃。| a broken window 破窗 | a broken clock/leg 坏了的钟：
摔断了的腿 | a broken-down car (=in a state of disrepair)出
了毛病的汽车 2 not fulfilled;disregarded 未被遵守的，违约的：
被漠视的：a broken promise/agreement 未被遵守的承诺[协议]
3 discontinuous;interrupted 不连续的；中断的；断断续续的：a
broken journey/night's sleep 断断续续的旅程；时而醒时而睡
的一夜 | broken clouds 一片片零散的浮云 4 made weak or
discouraged, especially by misfortune, ill-health etc 衰弱的；
沮丧的：a broken man(=without hope or confidence)绝望的
人| a broken spirit 颓丧的精神| a broken heart 破碎的心 5
[A] destroyed by the separation of a husband and wife〔夫妻〕
离异的，破裂的：a broken marriage 破裂的婚姻 6 (of a lan-
guage other than your own) imperfectly spoken or written〔使
用外语)不规范的，蹩脚的，拙劣的：broken French 蹩脚的法语
~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
broken-heart·ed /·'·√ adj HEARTBROKEN 伤心的，心碎的；
失恋的 — ~ly adv
broken home /，. / n a home that is showing the effect of a
husband and wife separating, e. g. by lack of money or other
family problems 〔夫妻分居造成的〕破裂家庭：children from bro-
ken homes 破裂家庭的孩子 | He came from a broken home
but is now a successful footballer. 他来自一个破裂的家庭，但
现在是一名出色的足球运动员
bro-ker' /`broke: 'brouke/n a person who does business for
another, e. g. in buying and selling business shares or foreign
money〔股票、外币等的〕经纪人，掮客；中间人，代理商：an insur
ance broker 保险经纪人 | a commodity broker 商品代理商 -
see also 另见 POWER BROKER
broker2v [T] to make it possible for an agreement to be made
between opposing groups or countries, by first discussing the
details of the agreement with each side〔通过先与各方讨论协
议细节〕作为中间人促使相对立的两派[两国]达成协议：The
peace settlement was brokered by a US senator. 一位美国参
议员促成了和平解决方案
bro. ker·age /`brokerid3; 'breukerid3/ n [U] 1 the (place of)
business of a broker 经纪业；掮客业务；经纪行：a brokerage
firm/house 经纪行 2 the sum of money charged by a broker佣
金，手续费，经纪费
brolly /`brali; 'broli/ n BrE infml for【英，非正式】= UMBRELLA
bro. mide /`bromaid; 'breumaid/ n 1 [C; U] a chemical com-
pound used in medicine to calm excitement 溴化物〔作为镇静
剂的药物〕2 [C] fml rare a statement or idea without newness
or freshness;PLATITUDE【正式，罕】老生常谈，陈词滥调3[C]
tech a photograph on specially treated paper used for printing
【术语】〔用溴化银感光相纸晒的用于印刷的〕照相稿：the bro-
mides of a book 书的照片原稿
bron-chi-al /brankiel; 'bronkiel/ adj of the bronchial tubes支
气管的：bronchial pneumonia 支气管肺炎
bronchial tube /'·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] any of the
branches or divisions of the bronchus _支气管
bron. chi. tis /bran`kaitis; bron'kaits/ n [U] an illness
(INFLAMMATION) of the bronchial tubes that brings a cough
and blocks up the nose 支气管炎 -- -tic /-`kitik; -'kitik/ adj; a
bronchitic cough 支气管炎引起的咳嗽
bron. chus /brankes; 'bronkes/ n pl. -chi /-kai; -kai/ either of
the two branches connecting the WINDPIPE(=breath tube) with
the lungs 支气管
bron. co /`branko; 'brpnkeu/ n-cos a wild or half-wild horse
of the western US〔美国西部的〕野马；半野性的马
Bron. te /branti; 'bronti/ the family name of three sisters from
Yorkshire in the north of england, who wrote some of the most
famous novels in English. Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) wrote
Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte (1818-1848) wrote Wuthering
Heights. and anne bronte (1820-1849)wrote The tenant of
Wildfell Hall. 勃朗特〔指来自英格兰北部约克郡姐妹三人的姓
氏，她们的作品可归入最著名英语小说的行列。夏洛蒂·勃朗特
broken 破的：损坏了的
(1816-1855)著有《简爱》，爱米丽·勃朗特(1818-1848)著有《呼
啸山庄》，安妮·勃朗特(1820-1849)著有《怀尔德菲尔庄园的佃
cracked
户》〕
有裂缝的
bron·to. sau. rus /，brante`sores;, bronte'so:res/n -ri /-rai; -rai/
a very large four-footed plant-eating DINOSAUR 雷龙〔以植物
为生的一种恐龙〕
Bronx, the /branks; bronks/ a COUNTY, and one of the five
BOROUGHS of New York City. The Bronx is a poor area of
New York, but contains the ZOO and Yankee Stadium(=the
olace where a BASEBALL team plays). 布朗克斯县，布朗克斯区
〔纽约市五个行政区之一，为纽约贫困地区，但建有动物园以及扬
0206
基棒球场)：a tough Bronx kid 一个粗野的布朗克斯小伙子
Bronx cheer // n AmE slang a rude sound made by putting
your tongue out and blowing; RASPBERRY (2)【美俚】讥笑声
嘘声〔将舌头伸出并吹气表示轻蔑，喝倒彩
bronze1 /branz; bronz/ n 1 [U] (the dark reddish-brown colour
of) a hard metal made mainly of copper and tin 青铜，古铜：青
铜色：a bronze statue 青铜塑像 | bronze autumn leaves 古铜
色的秋叶 2 [C] a work of art made of bronze 青铜艺术品：many
fine bronzes in this collection藏品中许多精美的青铜艺术品
3 [C] a BRONZE MEDAL铜（奖）牌
bronze2v[T] to give the appearance or colour of bronze to 在·. 上
镀青铜；使成青铜色；使像青铜：bronzed by the sun 被太阳晒成
古铜色
Bronze Age, the /' / the period in history, about 4000-6000
years ago, when people used bronze for making tools and
weapons, before they discovered how to make iron 青铜器时
代〔铁器时代前，距今约4000至6000年〕 — compare 比较IRON
AGE, STONE AGE - Bronze Age adj: a Bronze Age burial
ground青铜器时代墓址
bronze med. al /·/ also 又作 bronze - n a usually round
flat piece of bronze given to the person who comes third in a
race or competition 铜牌〔奖给竞赛中第3名的奖牌)：She won
the bronze medal in the women's 100 metres. 她在女子 100 米
赛跑中得了铜牌[第3名]。
brooch /brotf; breutf/ also 又作 pin AmE【美】— n a small deco
rative object worn on women's clothes, fastened on with a pin
〔女用〕胸针，饰针 — compare 比较 BADGE
brood1 /brud; bru:d/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] 1. a family of young
creatures, especially birds 〔尤指雏鸟的)一窝； a brood of duck
lings 一窝小鸭 2 infml the children of one family【非正式】（一
家的)孩子们：She brought the whole brood with her. 她把孩
子们全带来了。
brood2v [I] 1 [(over, about)] to spend time thinking anxiously
or sadly about something; worry or PONDER沉思：忧思：深思：
Don't just sit there brooding (over your problems) - do
something!不要老是坐在那里想（你的问题），采取点行动嘛！|
He brooded for several days over what she had said. 几天来
他一直暗自思忖着她所说的话。2[(over)] to hang closely 笼罩
(在··上)，低覆：Dark clouds were brooding over the city. 城
市上空笼罩着乌云。一 ~er n
brood3 adj [A] tech kept for giving birth to young【术语】为育
种豢养的，繁殖用的：a brood mare 传种用的母马
brood·v /`brudi; 'bru:di/ adj1 (of a mother bird) wanting to sit
on her eggs 〔雌鸟〕想孵卵的；爱抱窝的：(fig. 喻) Anne always
gets broody when she sees a baby. (=she wants one of her
own)安妮一看见婴儿就想自己也生一个。2 [F] sad and silent
because of self-pity, unhappy thoughts etc 闷闷不乐的，抑郁
的；沉思的 -- -ily ady - -iness n [U]
brook1 /bruk; bruk/ n a small stream 小河，溪
brook2 v [T usually in negatives 一般用于否定句] fml to allow
or accept without complaining; TOLERATE【正式】容忍，忍受. 
忍耐，捱：He would brook no interruptions from his listeners. 
他不容忍听众打岔
Brooke /bruk; bruk/, Ru·pert /rupat; 'ru:pet/ (1887-1915)a
British poet who was a soldier in World War I, known espe-
cially for his poems about war and his romantic poems about
England, including The Old Vicarage and Grantchester. 布鲁
克〔(1887-1915)，英国诗人，第一次世界大战时参军，尤以战争题
材的诗歌及其有关英国的浪漫诗歌闻名，作品包括《牧师旧宅》和
《格兰切斯特》〕
Brooke Bond /'/ trademark a British company that makes
various food products but is best known for making tea, in
cluding PG TIPS【商标】布鲁克·邦德公司〔英国的一家食品制造
商，但以制造包括英国茶包在内的茶最为出名〕
Brook-ings In-sti-tu. tion, the /brukinz inste tjufen; 'brukinz
inst tju:fan/ a US organization based in Washington, D. C. 
which examines social and economic problems 布鲁金斯学会
〔总部设在华盛顿，研究社会、经济问题的一个美国机构〕
Brook. lyn /bruklin; 'brukln/ an industrial and international
ort area of New York City, and one of the city's five
BOROUGHS. It is known as an area where people of many dif-
ferent races live. People from Brooklyn often have a very strong
ACCENT(=way of pronouncing words) which is easy to
recognize. 布鲁克林〔纽约市的一个工业区和国际性港口，为该市
的五个行政区之一, 以多种族居民区著称, 那里的人常带有很重的
口音〕 — see colour map on page A5 参见A5页彩色地图
Brooklyn Bridge, the /，·/ a bridge connecting Brooklyn
with MANHATTAN. In the US there is an old joke that IMMI
GRANTS could be sold the Brooklyn Bridge because they did
not know the well-known buildings and customs of the city. 
So'being sold the Brooklyn Bridge'has come to mean being
fooled in a business deal. 布鲁克林大桥〔连接布鲁克林和曼哈
顿的一座桥梁。在美国，有一则老笑话说，有人会向外来移民兜售
布鲁克林大桥，因为他们不知道当地的著名建筑和习俗。因此
“being sold the Brooklyn Bridge”的意思就成了“在做生意时遭
人欺骗”) — see colour map on page A5 参见A5页彩色地图
Brooks /bruks; bruks/, Garth /gar0; ga:0/ (1956- )a US singer. 
one of the most popular COUNTRY AND WESTERN singers of
the 1990s布鲁克斯〔(1956-)，美国歌手，20世纪90年代最受
欢迎的乡村歌手之一〕
Brooks, Mel /mal; mel/ (1926-)a US actor and film director. 
known for his humorous films such as Blazing Saddles, The
Producers, and High Anxiety布鲁克斯〔(1926-), 美国演员
和电影导演，以其喜剧片如《耀眼的马鞍》、《制片人》和《忧心忡
忡》而闻名〕
Brook-side /`bruksaid; 'bruksaid/ a popular SOAP OPERA on
British television, about a group of people who live in
Liverpool. It is known for dealing with serious social ques-
tions affecting the lives of its characters, such as love between
people of the same sex. 《小溪边》〔英国流行电视肥皂剧，讲述居
住在利物浦的一群人。该剧以涉及影响其人物生活的严肃社会问
题如同性恋等著称〕
broom /brum; bru:m/ n 1 [C] a large sweeping brush, usually
with a long handle 扫帚 - — see also 另见 NEW BROOM 2 [U] a
large bushy plant with yellow flowers that grows on waste land
金雀花
broom·stick /brum, stik; 'bru:m, stik/n a broom, especially in
children's stories, on which WITCHes fly through the air 〔尤其
在儿童故事中，女巫骑着它飞行的〕扫帚柄
Bros. /bras; bros/ written abbrev. for 缩写= Brothers (in the
name of a company)兄弟公司（用于公司名称）：Jones Bros. 琼
斯兄弟公司
Bros·nan /`braznen; 'broznen/, Pierce /pirs; pies/ (1953-)an
Irish actor most famous for appearing as the character James
BOND, in films such as Golden Eye (1995)布鲁斯南〔 (1953- )，
爱尔兰演员，以在电影如《金眼睛》(1995)中饰演詹姆斯·邦德最
为出名
broth /bro0; bro0/ n [U] soup in which meat, fish, rice, or vege
tables have been cooked. Broth is often given to people who
are ill because it is easily eaten. 肉汤；鱼汤；菜汤〔因其饮用简
便，所以常给病人熬制)：chicken broth 鸡汤 — see also 另见 too
many cooks spoil the broth(COOK2), SCOTCH BROTH
broth. el /`bro0el; 'bro0al/ n a house of PROSTITUTES, where
sex can be had for money 妓院
*broth. er1 /braoo; 'braoer/ n 1 a male relative with the same
parents （同胞）兄弟；哥；弟：John and Peter are brothers. 约翰
和彼得是亲兄弟。| John is Peter's elder/younger brother, 约
翰是彼得的哥哥[弟弟]。| Mary has five brothers and a sister
玛丽有五个兄弟，一个姊妹。2(pl. often 复数常用 brethren)a
male member of a religious group, especially a MONK〔同教会
的男性)教友，主内兄弟：僧侣：a community of Christian broth-
ers 基督教修士团体 | Brother John 约翰修士 3 a male mem-
ber of the same group or nationality, or one who shares the
same interests; often used of and by men who are active in a
TRADE UNION(男性)同胞：同仁；同志：会友：同业：同事〔常指工
会中活跃的男性或为他们所使用)：a brother doctor 医生同行
We must all stand together, brothers! 弟兄们，我们要团结在
起！ 4 brothers in arms soldiers who have fought together
in a war 战友 5 Am I my brother's keeper? bibl saying the
affairs of other people are not my responsibility【圣经，谚】我
岂是看管我兄弟的？别人的事难道要我负责？ — see also另见
BIG BROTHER, BLOOD BROTHER
*brother2 interj especially AmE (an expression of slight annoy-
ance and/or surprise)【尤美】〔表示轻微的不耐烦、惊讶〕哇！呀！
哎！：Oh, brother!哎，真讨厌！
Brother can you spare a dime /. . . / the title of a song
written about the GREAT DEPRESSION of the 1930s in the US. 
In the song, a man who had been rich and respected before the
Depression asks people to give him money, as he is now poor. 
The song has come to represent the sadness and lack of money
during the Depression. 《兄弟，给我一毛钱吧》〔一首描写美国20
世纪30年代大萧条前曾经富有并受人尊敬的人，在落魄时向人行
乞的歌曲名。这首歌表现了大萧条时期人们痛苦的心情和贫困的
生活〕
broth-er-hood /`brvo hud; 'brvoehud/n1 [C+sing. /pl. v] a
society of men living a religious life 〔宗教性的〕兄弟会 2 [U] a
condition or feeling of friendliness and companionship, which
is the result of shared interests, activities etc兄弟关系，手足之
情，同胞之爱 3 [C+sing. /pl. v;usually sing. 一般用单数] the
whole body of people in a stated business or profession 同业公
0207
会，协会，兄弟会：the medical brotherhood 医生同业公会
brother-in-law /'··，·/n brothers-in-law or brother-in-laws
1 the brother of your husband or wife 内兄，内弟；大伯，小叔
2 the husband of your sister 姐夫；妹夫 3 the husband of the
sister of your husband or wife 连襟〔配偶之姊妹的丈夫〕
broth·er·ly /`braooli; 'braoeli/ adj typical of a (loving) brother
情同手足的，兄弟的，兄弟般的：brotherly advice 兄弟般的劝告
-liness n [U]
Brothers Grimm, the /·/ — see 参见 GRIMM
brough·am /`bruem; 'bru:em/ n a light closed carriage with
four wheels, pulled by one horse and used in former times〔古
时由一匹马拉的〕四轮箱型马车
brought /brot; bro:t/ past tense and participle of BRING
brou·ha·ha /bru`haha: 'bru:ha:ha:/n [U] old use or pomp dis. 
orderly or unnecessary noise and activity; COMMOTION【旧或
夸张】喧闹，嘈杂；骚动；动乱
brow /bray; brau/ n 1 [C usually pl. 一般用复数] an EYEBROW
眉，眉毛2 [C] the FOREHEAD 额 3 [the+S (of)] the upper part
of a slope 斜坡的上部：We reached the brow of the hill. 我们
到达山脊上。 — see also 另见 knit one's brows (KNIT)
brow-beat /`brau. bit: 'braubi:t/y-beat, -beaten /-`bitn;-bi:tn/
[T (into)] to frighten or force to obey with threatening looks
or words 〔以言辞或表情〕威逼，恫吓：They browbeat him into
signing the document. 他们威逼他在这份文件上签了字。
*brown'/braun: braun/ adi of the colour of earth, wood, or coffee
褐色的：棕色的：brown shoes/eves/bread 褐色皮鞋[眼睛]；黑面
包| She's very brown (=from being out in the sun) after her
holiday. 假期回来后，她皮肤晒得很黑。-brown n [C;U]:
dressea in brown身着褐色衣服 a light/dark brown 淡[深]褐色
brown2y [I; T] to (cause to) become browner （使）变成褐[棕]
色：browned by the sun 被太阳晒黑 | First brown the meat in
hot fat. 先在沸油中把肉炸成褐色
Brown, Capability (1716-1783) a British garden designer, who
planned many large and famous gardens in castles and large
country houses in England. One of his best-known gardens is
at BLENHEIM PALACE. 布朗〔(1716-1783)，英国园林设计师，曾
为英格兰的城堡和乡村巨宅设计了许多著名的大花园，布伦海姆宫
花园是其最著名的作品之一〕
Brown, Charlie trademark a character from the US CARTOON
STRIP called PEANUTS by Charles Schultz. Charlie Brown is a
nice boy who is not very confident and is often unlucky. He
has a pet dog called Snoopy. 【商标】查理·布朗〔查尔斯·舒尔茨
创作的美国连环漫画《花生》中的人物，是个缺乏信心而且常不走
运的乖男孩，他有只宠物狗叫作史努比
Brown, Gordon (1951-)a British politician in the Labour
Party, who became CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER (=the
government minister in charge of financial decisions) after the
Labour Party won the election in 1997 布朗〔(1951- )，英国
工党政治家，1997年工党赢得大选后任英国财政大臣〕
Brown, James (1928-) a US popular musician, singer, and
songwriter, regarded as one of the greatest SOUL singers ever
and known for his exciting stage performances. He is known
as ‘the Godfather of Soul'. 布朗〔(1928-)，美国流行音乐家
歌手和作曲家，被视为有史以来最伟大的灵歌歌手之一。他以充满
激情的舞台表演著称，被誉为“灵乐教父”
Brown, Jerry (1938- ) a US politician, who was governor of
California from 1975 to 1983 and was known as 'Governor
Moonbeam'because of his psychic beliefs. He ran for the US
presidency three times. 布朗〔(1938-)，美国政治家，1975年
至1983年间任加利福尼亚州州长，因其相信特异功能而以“月光
州长”著称。他曾3次竞选美国总统〕
Brown, Jim /d3im: d3im/ (1936- ) a US football player who
set a record for making TOUCHDOWNS and later became an ac-
tor布朗〔(1936-)，美国橄榄球运动员，曾创下持球过底线得分
记录，后成为演员〕
Brown, John (1800-1959) a US ABOLITIONIST (=someone who
worked to end slavery) who tried to use violence to end slavery. 
With followers, he took over a government weapons estab-
lishment at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. He was caught and
hanged for TREASON. Many people felt that he was a MARTYR
(=someone who dies for a just or holy cause), and during the
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, a song called John Brown's Body be. 
came popular in the North. The song is still well known and
contains the words. 布朗〔(1800-1959)，美国废奴主义者，试图
用暴力来废除蓄奴制度。他和他的追随者夺取了政府在弗吉尼亚
州哈珀斯费里的一个军火库，被俘后以叛国罪被处以绞刑。许多人
认为他是烈士，在南北战争期间，北方流行着一首名为《约翰·布朗
的遗体》的歌曲，这首歌至今仍广为人知，其中一句是：
John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave
But his soul goes marching on. 
约翰·布朗的肉体在墓中腐化. 
但英魂却勇往直前。)
Brown, Tina /tine: 'ti:ne/ (1953- ) a US JOURNALIST who was
until 1998 the EDITOR of the New Yrker magazine, who was
born in the UK and was formerly the editor of two other
magazines, Tatler and Vanity Fair 布朗〔(1953- )美国新闻工
作者，1998年前任《纽约人》杂志编辑。她出生在英国，曾担任过
另外两家杂志《闲谈者》和《名利场》的编辑)
brown-bag / '/y [I] AmE to bring one's LUNCH to work, usu-
ally in a small brown paper bag【美】自带午餐上班〔常装入棕色
纸带内，因而得名)：I'm brown-bagging this week. 我这星期上
班自己带午饭
browned-off /· ·√ adi IF (with)] BrE infml annoved and
discouraged;FED UP【英，非正式】厌烦的；泄气的；厌倦的；感到
无聊的：I got browned-off with waiting and went home. 我等
得不耐烦就回家去了
brown goods /'/ n [P] BrE electrical goods bought to pro-
vide entertainment, such as TVs, home computers etc【英】棕
色家电〔指诸如电视机、电脑等供娱乐用的电子产品〕-compare
比较 WHITE GOODS
brown·ie /`brauni; 'brauni/ n 1 a friendly little FAIRY 棕仙〔传
说中夜里替人做家务的小仙童〕2 AmE a chocolate cake with
nuts in it【美】果仁巧克力蛋糕 — see also 另见 BROWNIES
Brownie point /'·. / n [P] get/score/earn Brownie points to
get praise or approval by doing something good or useful 获得
表扬，受到赞许：people who stay late, hoping to get Brownie
points希望得到表扬而逗留得很晚的人
Brown·ies /`brauniz; 'brauniz/ also 又作 Brownie Guides /'. ·
/BrE【英】-n [the+P] 1 (in Britain) a division of the GUIDEs
(5) for younger girls(英国的)幼年女童子军 2 (in the US) a di-
vision of the Girl Scouts (SCOUT'(1) for younger girls〔美国
的)幼年女童子军 — compare 比较 CUB SCOUT
Brow·ning /`braunin; 'braunin/, E·liz·a·beth Bar·rett /r`lizebe0
baeret; I'lizebe0 'baeret/ (1806-1861) an English poet who mar-
ried the poet Robert Browning in 1846布朗宁〔(1806-1861)
英国诗人，1846年与诗人罗伯特·布朗宁结婚〕
Browning, Robert /rabat; 'rpbet/ (1812-1889) an English
poet, married to Elizabeth Barrett Browning, whose poems
include The Ring and The Book and Home Thoughts from
Abroad布朗宁〔(1812-1889)，英国诗人，娶妻伊丽莎白·巴雷特·
布朗宁，其诗歌包括《指环和书》以及《海外乡思》)
brown·ish /`braunif; 'braunif/ adj slightly brown 略带褐色的
brown-nose /'/n AmE slang someone who tries to win favour
by insincere means【美俚】马屁精：Ted's a real brown-nose. 
泰德是个十足的马屁精。- brown-nose v [I;T]: brown-nos-
ing around the boss 拍老板的马屁
brown-out /braunaut; 'braunaut/ n AmE a cut in power to some
but not all electric lights in an area【美】部分停止供电
brown owl /， '/ n (usually caps 一般用大写) a woman leader
of a group of BROWNIE GUIDES 幼年女童子军队长：Ask Brown
Owl if we can go. 问一下女童子军队长我们是否可以去。
brown pa-per /·/ n [U] a strong brown-coloured kind of
paper, used for wrapping parcels〔结实的〕棕色包装纸，牛皮纸
brown rice // n [U] unpolished rice which still has its outer
covering, which is considered to be more healthy than white
rice 糙米〔被视为比白米更有益健康〕
brown-stone /braun ston; 'braunsteun/ n a house with a front
of soft reddish-brown stone, common in New York City 用褐
(砂)石作外墙的楼房，褐（砂）石房屋〔多见于纽约市)— see colour
picture on page A17 参见A17页彩图
Brown v. Board of Ed. u. ca. tion of To. pe. ka /，braun v3ses
bord ev Ed3e kefen ev te`pike; braun v3:ses bo:d ev edj-
keifan ev te'pi:ke/ Brown vs Board, Brown decision a US
legal case which resulted in a famous decision by the US Su-
preme Court in 1954. It was decided that black students should
be allowed to attend the same schools and universities as white
students, and this officially ended SEGREGATION in the US edu-
cation system. Following this, some children were taken by
bus to different schools in order to mix blacks and whites. 布
朗诉托皮卡教育局案〔指1954年美国最高法院的判例，裁定黑人
学生应该获准与白人学生一样在同一所学校和大学读书。这正式
结束了美国教育体系中的种族隔离制度，随后，一些学生由公共汽
车接送到不同的学校以便黑人与白人学生共同接受教育〕— see
also 另见 BUSING, CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, PLESSY V. 
FERGUSON, SEGREGATION
browse /brauz; brauz/ v [I] 1 [(through)] to look through or
read parts of a book, magazine etc without any clear purpose. 
especially for enjoyment 随意翻阅，浏览〔书刊等)：to browse
through/among someone's books 浏览某人的书籍 2 to feed
on young plants, grass etc 吃嫩枝[青草]：cows browsing in the
fields 在田野里吃草的牛 - browse n [S (through)]: I had
0208
a browse through the books on her shelf. 我浏览了她书架上的
书。
brow. ser /`brauze; 'brauze/ n a computer PROGRAM that al-
lows users to look at information from the Internet. To use a
browser, you type in the URL (=address) of a WEBSITE, and the
browser then connects your computer to the website, and shows
the information there on your screen. Two of the best-known
browsers are NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR and Internet Explorer. 网
络浏览器〔指允许用户查看互联网信息的电脑软件，使用时先输入
网址，接着，由网络浏览器连接电脑与网站，将信息显示在屏幕上。
两个最知名的网络浏览器是“导航者”和“探索者”〕-compare比
较SEARCH ENGINE
Bru. beck /brubak; 'bru:bek/, Dave /dev; deiv/(1920-)an
American JAZZ musician, piano player, and COMPOSER布鲁贝
克〔(1920-)，美国爵士音乐家、钢琴家和作曲家)
Bruce /brus; bru:s/, Len-ny /`lani; 'leni/ (1926-1966) a US CO-
MEDIAN who is remembered for making jokes about subjects
such as sex and race. Some people were shocked by his jokes
and the language he used, and this sometimes got him into
trouble with the police. 布鲁斯〔(1926-1966)，美国喜剧演员，
在人们印象中他拿性、种族等来开玩笑。他的笑话和语言令人感到
吃惊，这有时惹得警察来找他麻烦〕
Bruce, Rob·ert (the)/rabat; 'robet/ (1274-1329) the King of
Scotland from 1307 till his death. Scotland was recognized as
independent under him in 1328. The story that most people
know about Robert the Bruce is that he watched a SPIDER show-
ing determination, which encouraged him to do the same. 布鲁
斯〔(1274-1329)，1307年起任苏格兰国王直至去世。在他统治
时期，苏格兰于1328年获承认为独立国家。大多数人知道有关罗
伯特·布鲁斯的故事是他看到一只意志坚定的蜘蛛而受到了鼓舞〕
bru. cel. lo. sis /bruse`losis;bru:s'leuss/ n [U] a serious dis-
ease of people and cattle, caused by a bacterium 布鲁氏菌病，
地中海热，马耳他热
Brue. gel /`broigil;'broigl/, Pie. ter /pita;'pi:te/, Brueghel
or Breughel(?1525-1569) a Flemish painter of LANDSCAPES
and ordinary people, also known as Bruegel the Elder. His
sons Pieter(Bruegel the Younger) and Jan were also painters. 
勃鲁盖尔〔(？1525-1569)，佛兰德斯风景和普通人物画家，以老勃
鲁盖尔闻名。他的儿子彼得，即小勃鲁盖尔和扬也是画家)
bruise1/bruz; bru:z/ n a mark caused by a blow or fall, result-
ing in discolouring of the skin of a human, animal, or fruit but
not breaking of the skin〔人、动物、水果因碰撞，跌压等造成的〕
青瘀，伤痕，擦伤：minor cuts and bruises轻微割损和擦伤
bruise2v1 [T] to cause a bruise on 使碰伤，擦伤，使成瘀伤：She
fell and bruised her knee. 她跌倒了，膝盖被擦伤。| a bruised
apple 一个有擦伤的苹果|(fig. 喻)bruised feelings/pride 被
伤害的感情；受挫的自尊心2[] to show a bruise 出现瘀伤，变
青肿：Her skin bruises easily. 她的皮肤很容易受瘀伤。
bruis. er /`bruza; 'bru:ze/ n infml a big rough strong man【非正
式】彪形大汉，粗暴的大汉
bruit /brut; bru:t/ v
bruit sthg.  abroad/about phr v [T+that] fml or pomp to
spread(news)everywhere【正式或夸张】传播（新闻），散布：It's
been bruited abroad that you're going to get married. 到处在
传你要结婚了。
Brum /bram;bram/ BrE infml Birmingham【英，非正式】伯明翰
Brum. mell /`braml; 'brvmal/, Beau(1778-1840) an English
DANDY(=a man who is very interested in clothes and likes to
be very fashionable), who was a friend of George IV before he
became king 布鲁梅尔〔(1778-1840)，英国一纨袴子弟，他是乔
治四世即位前的朋友〕
Brum. mie1 /`brami; 'brami/ n BrE infml a person from
Birmingham【英，非正式】伯明翰人 - Brummie adj: a Brummie
accent伯明翰口音
Brummie2 adj BrE infml having an ACCENT1(1) typical of
Birmingham【英，非正式】带伯明翰口音的
brunch /brantf; brantf/ n [C; U] infml, especially AmE a meal, 
usually taken in the middle of the morning, that combines a
late breakfast and an early LUNCH【非正式，尤美】早午餐〔早餐
午餐并为一餐〕
Brunei /bru`nai; bru:'nai/ a country in the NW of the island of
Borneo in E Asia, which is under British protection and be-
came an independent member of the COMMONWEALTH in 1984. 
Population: 276, 981(1995). Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan. It
is a rich oil-producing country, and its ruler, the Sultan of
Brunei, is known as being one of the richest people in the world. 
文莱〔东亚婆罗洲西北一国，是英国的保护国，1984年成为独立的
英联邦成员国。人口：276, 981(1995)，首都：斯里巴加湾市。它
是一个富有的产油国，其统治者文莱苏丹以世界巨富之一而闻名〕
Bru. nel /bru`nal; bru:'nel/, ls. am. bard King. dom /izembard
`kindem; 'izamba:d 'kindem/(1806-1859)an English engineer
famous for his railway engines, bridges, and iron ships 布律内
尔〔(1806-1859)，英国工程师，以设计机车、桥梁和铁船而闻名)
bru·nette‖also又作 brunet AmE【美】/bru`nat; bru:'net/ - n
a woman of a fair-skinned race with dark hair 深色头发的白种
女人 — compare 比较 BLOND(2)
Brun. hil. de /brun`hilde; brun'hilde/ a character in the RING OF
THE NIBELUNGEN who is a princess. She is usually shown as a
large, strong, fair-haired woman in ARMOUR, whose face shows
proud determination. 布伦希尔特〔《尼伯龙根的指环》中的公主，
一般被描述成高大强壮、身着盔甲的金发女子，脸上流露出自豪、
坚定的神情〕
Bru. no /`bruno; 'bru:neu/, Frank (1961-)a British BOXER from
London, who used to be the European CHAMPION. He was also
the WBC World Champion from September 1995 to March
1996. He often appears on television in the UK and sometimes
acts in PANTOMIMES. He is known for his friendly manner and
for using the phrase 'You known what I mean, Harry'. 布鲁诺
〔(1961-)，来自伦敦的英国拳击手，曾是欧洲冠军，也是1995年
9月至1996年3月间世界拳击理事会冠军。他常出现在英国电
视节目中，有时也在英国童话剧里担任角色，以其友善的态度和那
句“你懂我的意思，哈里”而闻名〕
brunt /brant; brant/ n [the+S (of)] the main or most damaging
part of (an attack)冲击最重的部分；矛头，冲力：The brunt of
her argument was directed at the trade union leader. 她抨击
的矛头对准了工会的领导人。| I had to bear the brunt of his
anger. 他发脾气时，我是首当其冲。
brushes刷子；扫帚；毛笔
hairbrush 发刷
toothbrush 牙刷
nailbrush 指甲刷
scrubbing brush 地板刷
paintbrushes
brush/broom
漆刷；画笔
扫帚；长柄刷
*brush1/brvf; brvf/ n 1 (often in comb. 常构成复合词) an in-
strument for cleaning, smoothing, or painting, made from
lengths of sticks, stiff hair, nylon etc, fixed to a handle刷子；
毛刷；画笔；毛笔：a clothesbrush 衣刷| a toothbrush 牙刷|a
hairbrush 发刷| a paintbrush 画笔；油漆刷子 2 [usually sing. 
一般用单数] an act of brushing 刷，擦，拂拭：I'll just give my
coat/hair a quick brush. 我要把外衣[头发]很快地刷[梳]一
下。3[usually sing. 一般用单数] a quick light touch 轻触，轻
擦：He felt the brush of her silk dress against him as she
passed. 她走过时，他感觉到她的绸衣轻轻地从他身上一擦而过。
4[(with)] a short usually unpleasant meeting or argument with
someone; ENCOUNTER小冲：小争；小战头；I had a brush
someone;ENCOUNTER小冲突；小争吵；小战斗：I had a brush
with the law. (=with the police)我和警察发生了小小的争吵。
5 tech the tail of a fox【术语】狐狸尾巴 — see also 另见 tarred
with the same brush(TAR2)
*brush2v1 [T] to clean or smooth with a brush(用刷子)刷，擦，
拂拭：to brush one's coat/the floor/one's teeth/one's hair （用
刷子)刷大衣[地板、牙齿、头发] 2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to remove
(as if) with a brush 刷掉；拂去：to brush away a fly with your
hand 用手赶走苍蝇 | to brush crumbs off the table 把桌上的
面包屑拭掉 |to brush your coat clean 把大衣刷干净 | to brush
someone/yourself down (=to clean someone's/your clothes
with a brush)用刷子把某人[自己]身上的灰尘刷掉 3 [I+adv/
0209
prep; T] to touch against lightly or carelessly in passing 轻擦
而过：The light wind gently brushed his cheek. 微风轻拂着他
的脸颊。| He brushed past the reporters without making any
comment. 他从记者身边掠过，什么话都没有说。— see 参见
SWEEP(USAGE)
brush sbdy. /sthg.  aside phr v [T] to refuse to pay atten-
tion to; DISREGARD 不理会；不顾，漠视：to brush difficulties/
opposition/objections aside 漠视困难；不顾反对；力排异议
brush sbdy. off phr v [T] to refuse to listen to, talk to, or
accept the friendship of 冷淡地拒绝〔某人)，把··打发走，摒弃：
The President brushed off their pleas for him to reconsider
his decision. 他们请总统重新考虑已做出的决定, 但他拒绝了他
们的请求。 — see also 另见 BRUSH-OFF
brush (sthg. ) up phr v [I+on; T] to improve your knowl. 
edge of (something known but partly forgotten) by study 温习：
重新学习：I must brush up (on) my French before I go to Paris
去巴黎之前，我要好好温习一下法文。- brush-up /'·/
*brush3n [U] 1 small branches broken off from trees or bushes
砍下[折断]的树枝；柴枝 2 (land covered by) small rough trees
and bushes 灌木林（地），杂树丛
Brush, Basil — see 参见 BASIL BRUSH
brush-off /'/ n [the+S] infml a clear refusal to be friendly or
to listen; rude dismissal【非正式】拒绝，碰钉子：I wanted to
speak to her, but she gave me the brush-off. 我想和她说话. 
但她让我碰了一鼻子灰。 — see also 另见 BRUSH2 off
brush·wood /`braf. , wud; 'bra[wud/ n [U]=BRUSH3(1)
brush·work /`braf. w3k: 'brvfw3:k/ n [U] the method of put
ting on paint with a brush, especially the characteristic style of
an ARTIST in doing this 画法；绘画风格：vigorous brushwork
刚健的画法
brusque /brask; bru:sk/ adj quick and rather impolite; CURT 莽
撞的；粗鲁无礼的，唐突的：a brusque person/manner/refusal
莽撞的人；粗鲁的举止；粗暴的拒绝 — ~ly adv — ~ness n[U]
Brus·sels /`brvslz; 'brvsalz/ the capital city of Belgium in the
centre of the country, from which the business of the Euro-
pean Union and NATO is run. In the UK, politicians and news-
paper writers who do not like the European Union sometimes
use the name Brussels to mean the officials of the European
Union, when they are criticizing them for making too many
complicated rules about things that they should not be involved
in. 布鲁塞尔〔比利时首都，位于该国中部，是欧盟和北大西洋公约
组织总部所在地。在英国，对欧盟没有好感的政治家和记者批评欧
盟对不应干涉的事物制定过多复杂的规定时，有时借布鲁塞尔这个
名字来指欧盟官员)— see Feature on page B17参见B17页文
化特写
brus·sels sprout /，· '·/ also 又作 sprout - n [usually pl. 一般
用复数](often cap. B 常用大写的B) a vegetable that is a small
tight round bunch of leaves like a very small CABBAGE, and
grows in groups on the sides of a high stem球芽甘蓝（菜），抱
子甘蓝
bru·tal /`brutl: 'bru:tl/ adi showing a complete lack of kind or
sensitive human feelings; very cruel or severe 无情的，野蛮的，
凶残的，冷酷的；brutal violations of human rights 对人权的粗
暴践踏 | a brutal attack/attacker 野蛮的袭击；暴徒 | a brutal
dictatorship 暴政| the brutal (=unpleasantly correct) truth
严峻的事实 — ~ly adv — ~ity /bru`taeleti; bru:'taelti/ n [C;
U]: the brutality/brutalities of war 战争的野蛮[暴行]
bru·tal·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`brutl aiz; 'bru:tal-aiz/ν[T]
1 to make brutal or unfeeling 使残忍；使变无情； people who
have been brutalized by poverty and disease 因饱受贫穷与疾
病折磨而变得无情的人 2 to treat brutally 虐待：He brutalized
the children. 他虐待孩子。-- -ization /，brutl-e`zefen;bru:tal-
ai'zeifan/ n [U]
brute1 /brut; bru:t/ n 1 sometimes humor a rough, cruel, insen-
sitive person, especially a man【有时幽】残忍无情的人，粗暴的
人〔尤指男人)：an unfeeling brute 无人性的家伙| a great brute
of a man 一个高大野蛮的男人 | You brute! 你这个畜生！ 2
sometimes deros an animal, especially a large one【有时贬)
〔大的)畜生，动物，兽：Does that great brute of yours bite?你
那只大兽咬人吗！ | The horse broke its leg when it fell and
the poor brute had to be destroyed. 那匹可怜的马跌断了腿，
只好给它以人道毁灭
brute2 adj [A no comp. 无比较级] like (that of) an animal in
being unreasonable, cruel, or very strong 野兽般的，没有理性
的：残忍的：蛮劲十足的：brute force/strength 暴力：蛮劲
Bru·te /`brute; 'bru:tei/ Et tu, Brute? (=and you, Brutus?) quote
a phrase from Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, used by Cae-
sar when he realizes that even his good friend Brutus has be-
traved (BETRAY) him and is going to kill him【引】布鲁图，你也
在内吗？[莎士比亚戏剧《尤利乌斯·凯撒》中，当凯撒意识到就连他
的好朋友布鲁图也背叛了他并企图谋害他时所说的话〕 — see also
另见JULIUS CAESAR
brut. ish /`brutif; 'bru:tif/ adj derog typical of animals rather
than people【贬】畜生似的，兽性的，没有人性的：brutish igno
rance 蠢如驴 — ~ly adv
Bru-ton /`brutn; 'bru:tn/, John (1947-) an Irish politician. 
leader of the Fine Gael Party and Prime Minister of Ireland
from 1994 to 1997布鲁顿〔(1947-)，爱尔兰政治家，为爱尔兰
统一党领袖，1994年至1997年间任爱尔兰总理
Bru·tus /`brutes: 'bru:tes/, Mar. cus /`markes: 'ma:kes/ (？85-
42 BC)a Roman politician who was the chief member of the
PLOT to murder Julius Caesar 布鲁图〔（公元前？85-前42），罗
马政治家，密谋杀害尤利乌斯·凯撒的主要人物〕 — see also另见
Et tu, Brute? (BRUTE)
Bry. ant /braient; 'braient/, Paul 'Bear' (1913-1983) a US col-
lege FOOTBALL(2) COACH(=teacher) who set a record for win. 
ning the most games 布赖恩特〔(1913-1983)，美国大学橄榄球
教练，曾创下获胜次数最高记录〕
Bryce Can-yon Na. tion. al Park /brais kaenjen naefenl`park;
brais kaenjon, naefanel 'pa:k/ a large park in the US state of
Utah, known for its scenery of unusually shaped pink and white
rock布赖斯峡谷国家公园〔位于美国犹他州的大公园，以奇形怪状
的粉红和白色岩石所组成的自然美景而著称〕
Bryl-creem /`brilkrim; 'brilkri:m/ trademark a type of oil used
on hair, usually by men, to make it smooth. It was popular
especially in the 1950s and 1960s but is now thought old-
fashioned. 【商标】“百利”牌男用发膏〔尤其流行于20世纪50、60
年代，但现在被认为过时)- Brylcreem v: Brylcreemed hair
搽过“百利”牌发膏的头发
Bryn. ner /`brime; 'brime/, Yul /jul; ju:l/ (1915-1985) an Ameri-
can actor, born in Russia, who was known especially for hav-
ing no hair. He played the King in The King and I on stage
and on film, and was the leader in The Magnificent Seven. 布
里纳〔(1915-1985)，出生于俄罗斯的美国演员，以光头闻名。他
曾在舞台剧和电影《国王与我》中饰演国王，在《七条好汉》中饰演
首领
Bry-son /`braisn; 'braisan/, Bill (1951- ) a US writer who lived
in the UK for many years, and is known for his intelligent and
humorous travel books, including The Lost Continent and
Notes From A Small Island, and for his books about the En-
glish language, Mother Tongue and Made in America 布赖森
[(1951-), 美国作家，曾旅居英国多年，以著有《失去的大陆》、
《小岛随笔》等充满智慧和幽默的旅游书，及《母语》、《美国制造》
等有关英语语言的书籍而闻名〕
BS /bi`s; bi: 'es 1 British Standard; used in the numbers of
standards drawn up by the BSI 英国标准〔用于英国标准协会制
定的标准号之前)：This product conforms to BS 2001. 本产品
符合英国标准第2001号。2 AmE for【美】=BSC
BSc /bi es`si: bi: es 'si:/n Bachelor of Science; a university
degree in a science subject. BSc is sometimes written after
someone's name to show that they have this degree 理学士〔有
时置于人名后以示拥有该学位)：She's studying for her BSc. 她
正在读理学士学位。|Bill Harris, BSc 比尔·哈里斯理学士
BSE /bi s `i; bi: es 'i:/ n [U] abbrev. for 缩写= bovine
spongiform encephalitis; a serious disease that affects cows
and gradually destroys their brain. Its non-technical name is
mad cow disease'. It is possible that humans who eat mea
from cows with BSE may develop a similar brain disease called
CJD. Because of this risk, many British cattle were destroyed
during the 1990s because they were believed to have been in-
fected with BSE. 牛海绵状组织脑病，疯牛症〔人类如果食用了受
感染的牛肉也许会得一种被称为克雅二氏症的类似疾病。因为有
这种风险，20世纪90年代英国大批被认为感染牛海绵状组织脑病
的牛遭宰杀
BSI, the /bi es `ar; bi: es 'aI/ British Standards Institution; ar
organization which sets standards for units of measurement
clothes sizes etc, and safety standards for electrical and other
goods used in Britain 英国标准协会〔英国制定衡量单位、服装
尺寸以及电器和其他产品安全标准的一个机构
B-side /bi said; 'bi: said/ n the side of a POP record that has the
less important song on it. The side with the main song is called
the A-SIDE. 流行音乐唱片的B面〔该面的曲目较为次要，含有主
打曲目的一面被称为A面
BSkyB /，bi skai `bi; bi: skai 'bi:/ trademark British Sky
Broadcasting, another name for SKY TV(=a television company)
【商标】英国卫星电视台〔SkyTV的别称〕
BST /，bi as `ti; bi: es 'ti:/ abbrev. for 缩写= 1 BRITISH SUMMER
TIME 英国夏令时间 2 bovine somatotropin; a HORMONE which
is fed to cows to increase the amount of milk they give. The
use of BST has been criticized because the effects of the hor-
0210
mone on humans over a long period of time are not known. 牛
生长激素〔一种提高牛奶产量的荷尔蒙，有人对使用该激素持批评
态度，因为它对人体的长期影响还不清楚〕
BT /，bi `ti; bi: 'ti:/ abbrev. for 缩写= BRITISH TELECOM
btu, BTU /，bi ti `ju;bi: ti: 'ju:/ abbrev. for 缩写= British ther-
mal unit; a unit that measures the amount of heat that a piece
of equipment can produce 英（制）热单位〔指一件设备所产热量
的单位)：a gas boiler with an output of 80, 000 btu an hour每
小时供热80, 000btu的燃气锅炉
btw or BTW written abbrey. for 缩写= by the way, used espe-
cially in messages sent by EMAIL另外，还有〔尤其在电子邮件
中使用〕
bub /bab; bab/ n AmE slang BUDDY(2)【美俚】小兄弟，老兄，老
弟〔对熟人亲昵的称呼〕
bub. ble1 /`'babl; 'babal/ n 1 a hollow ball of air or gas in a
liquid (or sometimes in a solid)泡；气泡；泡沫：When water
boils, bubbles rise to the surface. 水开时，水面起泡泡。| The
children amused themselves by blowing bubbles with the soap
solution. 孩子们吹肥皂泡玩。| She examined the crystal care-
fully for bubbles. 她仔细地检查那块水晶，看有没有气泡
compare 比较 FOAM1(1)2 something which is unsteady, risky
or unlikely to last 泡影；妄想，幻想；欺诈性的投机事业[公司、
计划]：the bubble of real-estate speculation 房地产投机买卖
的骗局 | News of the defeat quickly burst the bubble of our
self-confidence. 失败的消息使我们的自信心迅速破灭了。
bubble2v [I+adv/prep] 1 to form, produce, or rise as bubbles
起泡，冒泡；沸腾：The gas bubbled to the surface of the water
气体成泡升到水面上。2 [(AWAY)] to make the sound of bubbles
rising in liquid 沸腾而发出噗噗声：We could hear the pot bub-
bling (away) quietly on the fire. 我们能听到水壶在火上发出的
单调的沸腾声。3 [(OVER)] to be full of life, high spirits, happi-
ness etc 洋溢，兴奋，欢乐：She was bubbling over with happi-
ness and enthusiasm. 她洋溢着喜悦与兴奋。| bubbling wit 情
趣横溢 4 AmE for【美】=BURBLE
bubble and squeak /··'/ n [U] BrE potatoes and CABBAGE
that have already been cooked and are then cooked together in
fat【英】油炒熟马铃薯和卷心菜
bubble bath /'·/ n [C: U] a soap which makes BUBBLES in the
water of a bath〔在浴水中产生泡沫的〕泡沫剂，泡沫皂
bubble gum /'·/ n [U] CHEWING GUM that can be blown into
bubbles. In American English it is especially connected with
young children. 泡泡糖〔在美国英语中，该词尤其和幼童有关)：
a magazine aimed at the bubble-gum set 以泡泡糖族[幼童]为
对象的一份杂志
bubble pack /'· ·/ n a BLISTER PACK〔包装小商品的〕透明塑料
封套
bub. bly'/`babli; 'babli/ adj 1 full of bubbles充满泡沫的 2 full
of life and high spirits; VIVACIOUS 生气勃勃的；得意扬扬的：a
bubbly personality 活泼的个性
bubbly2 n [U] old-fash infml for【过时，非正式】= CHAMPAGNE
bu. bon·ic plague /bju banik `pleg; bju: bonik 'pleig/ n [U] a
disease(common in former times) that spreads quickly from
rats to people, produces swellings under the arms anc
elsewhere, and usually causes death 淋巴腺鼠疫
buc. ca·neer /，bake`nir;bake'nie/n a sea-robber; PIRATE海盗
Bu. chan·an /bju`kaenen; bju:'kaenen/, James (1791-1868) the
15th President of the US(1857-1861)布坎南〔(1791-1868)
美国第15任总统(1857-1861))
Bu. cha·rest /，buke`rest;, bu:ke'rest/ the capital and largest city
of Romania 布加勒斯特〔罗马尼亚首都和最大的城市〕
Buch·wald /`bakwold; 'bakwo:ld/, Art (1925- ) a US writer
known especially for his humorous newspaper articles on po. 
litical subjects 布赫瓦尔德〔(1925-)，美国作家，尤以刊登在报
纸上有关政治话题的幽默文章而闻名〕
buck1 /bak; bak/ n 1 (pl. bucks or buck) doe fem. 【阴性】-
[C] the male of certain animals, especially the deer, the rat. 
and the rabbit 某些雄性动物〔尤指鹿、鼠和兔) — compare 比较
DOE 2 (pl. bucks or buck) [C] an ANTELOPE 羚羊 3 [the]
infml responsibility for making a decision【非正式】〔做决策的)
责任：I don't know enough about it to decide, so I'll pass the
buck to you. 我不了解情况，无法做出决定，只好由你负责了。[
The Buck Stops Here'(sign on the American President Harry
S Truman's desk)“责任到此不能再推”〔美国总统杜鲁门的座右
铭〕4 [C] infml, especially AmE a dollar【非正式，尤美】1美
元：600 bucks 600美元| to make a quick/fast buck (=make
money quickly and usually easily)赚一笔来得快而易的钱 5 [C]
old use infml a fine well-dressed young man in early 19th-
century England【旧，非正式】〔英国19世纪初的〕纨袴子弟；花
花公子：Regency bucks 摄政时期的纨袴子弟
buck2v1 [I] (especially of a horse) to jump up with all four feet
off the ground 〔尤指马〕弓背四足跳起 — compare 比较 REAR
(2)2 [T(OFF)](especially of a horse) to throw off (a rider) by
doing this 〔马〕 跳起来把〔骑手〕摔下：The wild horse bucked its
first rider(off). 这匹野马跳起来，把骑在它身上的第一位骑手摔下
来。3 [I] AmE (especially of a car or truck) to move in a sharp
up-and-down way【美】〔尤指小汽车或卡车〕颠簸着行驶：The car
bucked and stalled. 轿车颠簸了一下就熄火了。 4 [T] infm to
oppose in a direct manner; RESIST【非正式】反抗；抵抗：It's no
use trying to buck the system. 企图反抗这种制度是徒劳的。
The growth of the company has bucked the recessionary trend
in the industry. 公司的发展顶住了该行业的衰退趋势。
buck up phr v infml【非正式】1 [T (buck sthg. ← up)] BrE
to try to improve【英】力图改进：You'd better buck up your
ideas (=improve your behaviour, work harder etc) if you want
to pass that exam. 如果你想通过考试，就得加紧学习。2 [I] BrE
to hurry up【英】赶快：If you don't buck up we'll be late. 你还
不快些，我们就要迟到了。3 [I;T(=buck sbdy. up)] to (cause
to)become happier or more cheerful; CHEER up(使某人)振作
起来，（使··）快活起来；鼓励，鼓舞：Buck up! Lots of people fail
their driving test first time. 别灰心, 许多人第一次参加驾驶考
试都没通过。 — see also 另见 BUCKED
Buck, Pearl S. (1892-1973) a US writer who lived for many
years in China until 1931 and wrote several novels about that
country. She won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. 赛珍
珠〔(1829-1973)，美国作家，旅居中国至1931年。她著有数本取
材于中国的小说，1938年获诺贝尔文学奖〕
buck. a. roo /bake`ru;, bake'ru:/ n AmE (used especially in
children's stories) a COWBOY (=man who looks after cattle)
【美】〔尤指儿童读物中的〕牛仔，牧人
buck-board /`bak bord; 'bakbo:d/ n (especially in the US in
the 19th century) a light four-wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse
〔尤指美国19世纪的〕一匹马拉的四轮轻型马车
bucked /bakt; bakt/ adj [F (by, at)] BrE infml made more
cheerful;pleased【英，非正式】使振奋的，高兴的，欢欣鼓舞的：We
were bucked bylat the good news. 这个好消息使我们十分高
兴。
*buck. et1 /`bakit; 'bakt/ n 1 an open metal, plastic, or wooden
container with a handle for carrying liquids. Young children
on a holiday by the sea in Britain and the US often have a
bucket and spade BrE【英】/sand pail AmE【美】for building
sandcastles. 水桶〔英美两国在海边度假的小孩常拿着水桶、铁锹
或沙桶堆沙堡〕2 [(of)] also 又作 buck·et·ful /-ful; -ful/ - the
quantity held by a bucket 一桶之量：He poured a bucket/two
bucketfuls of water over me. 他把一桶[两桶]水泼到我身上。|
(fig. 喻) The rain came down in buckets. (=it rained very
hard) 大雨倾盆而下。- — see also 另见 kick the bucket (KICK'
(11)3 a drop in the bucket a small amount which is not
enough 微不足道，沧海一粟：The money budgeted is a drop in
the bucket compared to what is needed. 预算经费比起实际需
要来说简直是杯水车薪。
bucket2ν [I] 1 [(DOWN)] BrE infml to rain very hard【英，非正
式】〔雨〕倾盆而下：It's been/The rain's been bucketing down
all day. 大雨已下了一整天。2 [+adv/prep] to move very roughly
and irregularly 颠簸而行；颠动：The car bucketed down the
steep road. 汽车在陡峭的路上颠簸着前进。
Bu·cket /bu`ke; bu:'kei/, Hyacinth a female character in a hu-
morous British television programme called Keeping Up
Appearances. She always keeps her house very clean and tidy. 
and is a typical example of an English SNOB (=someone who
thinks social class is very important and is eager to be accepted
by people of a higher social class). She pronounces her name
to sound like 'bouquet'(=an arrangement of flowers) instead
of like ‘bucket'. 布凯〔英国电视喜剧《装门面》中的女性人物，她
把家收拾得干净、整洁，是一个典型的英国势利小人。她将自己的
名字读成布凯(“bouquet”), 即花束之意而不是意为水桶的贝克
特(“bucket”)〕
bucket seat /'·/ n a round-backed separate seat for one per-
son in a car, especially a racing or sports car, or aircraft〔汽车
或飞机上的〕单人圆背座位
bucket shop /'··/ n infml, especially BrE a business that ob-
tains large quantities of tickets for air travel and sells them to
the public at a low price【非正式，尤英】廉价机票分销店
Buck·ing. ham Pa. lace /，bakinem `paelis;, bakinem 'pael s/ alsc
又作 the Palace the official home of the British royal family
in London, containing almost 600 rooms. Since 1995， some
parts of the building have been open to tourists. The name of
the Palace is sometimes used to mean the officials who are in
charge of organizing the Queen's public life. 白金汉宫〔英国王
室在伦敦的住所，有近600间房间。自1995年起，其中一部分对
游客开放。皇宫的名称有时被用来指负责女王公共事务的官员)：
0211
Buckingham Palace announced today that Her Majesty would
be visiting Japan next year. 白金汉宫今天宣布女王陛下将于明
年出访日本。— see colour map on page A4 参见 A4页彩色地
图
Buck. ing. ham. shire /bakinemfo;'bakinemfe/ a COUNTY in
central S England白金汉郡〔位于南英格兰中部一郡)
buck. le1/bakl; 'bakal/ n a metal fastener used for joining the
two ends of a belt or STRAP, for fastening a shoe, bag etc, or
for decoration〔皮带等的〕金属扣子，扣环：带扣
buckle2v [I; T] 1 [(ON, UP, TOGETHER)] to (cause to) fasten
with a buckle 用扣环扣住[扣紧]：He buckled (up) his beli
tightly. 他把带子束紧。| The two ends buckle (together) at
te back. 带子两端在背后扣起来。} He buckled on his swo. 
他把剑扣挂在身上。| She buckled herself into her seat. 她系
好安全带稳坐在座位上。 — opposite 反义词 unbuckle 2 to
(cause to) become bent or wavy through heat, pressure etc〔由
于高温、压力等〕（使）弯曲；扭曲；（使）变形：The accident buck-
led the wheel of my bicycle. 我自行车的轮子在事故中弄弯了。|
The wheel buckled. 轮子扭曲了。| (fig. 喻) to buckle unde
the attack and run away 被打得狼狈而逃
buckle down phr v [I (to)] to begin to work seriously (at)开
始认真从事；埋头于：to buckle down to work/to writing the
book开始埋头工作[著书]
buckle to phr y [I] BrE to begin to work seriously【英】努力
工作；全力以赴； If we all buckle to, we'll soon get the job done. 
我们如果加把劲干，很快就会完成这项工作
buck. ler /bakle; 'bakle/ n especially lit a small circular shield
with a raised centre【尤文】小圆盾
Buck-ley /`bakli; 'bakli/, William F. (1925- ) a well-known
US political writer who started the CONSERVATIVE magazine
the National Review, and is still its EDITOR 巴克利〔(1925-)，
美国著名的政治作家，创办了保守的《全国评论》，现仍为该杂志主
编〕
buck na. ked /. / adj AmE, infml (of a person) completely
NAKED【美，非正式】〔指人〕赤身裸体的，全裸的
buck·ram /`bakrem; 'bvkrem/ n [U] stiff cloth used, especially
in former times, for covering books, stiffening clothes etc硬
粗布〔尤指旧时用来做书的封面或使衣服挺直的粗布〕
buck's fizz //n [C; U] (a glass of) a mixture of CHAMPAGNE
and orange juice(一杯)香槟橙汁饮料
buck. shee /bak`fi; bak'fi:/ adj, ady BrE old-fash slang free
without payment【英，过时，俚】免费的[地]
buck. shot bvk fat; 'bvkfot/ n [U] middle-sized lead shot used
especially for hunting〔打猎用的〕中号铅弹
buck. skin /`bak skin; 'bak. skin/ n [U] strong soft yellowish
leather made from the skin of a deer or goat 鹿皮；硝好的羊皮
buck·tooth /`bak. tu0;bak'tu:0/n-teeth /- ti0; -'ti:0/ [usually
pl. 一般用复数] a large front tooth that sticks out 龅牙，獠牙
buck. wheat /`bak hwit: 'bakwi:t/ n [U] small black grain of-
ten used as food for hens, and for making PANCAKES 荞麦
bu. col. ic /bju`kalik; bju:'kolik/ adj lit of or concerning the coun-
try and country people【文】农村的；田园生活的：bucolic dances
乡村舞蹈 — ~ally /-kli; -kli/ ady
bud1/bad; bad/ n a young tightly rolled-up flower or leaf be-
fore it opens 芽；苞；蓓蕾：daffodil buds 黄水仙蕾 | rose
buds 玫瑰花苞 | The new buds appear in the spring. 春天嫩
芽初绽。| The magnolia has come into bud. 玉兰树已长出花
蕾。| The roses are in bud. 玫瑰花正含苞待放。 — see also 另
见 TASTE BUD, nip in the bud (NIP1)
bud2v-dd- [I] to produce buds 发芽，长出花蕾，含苞 — see
also 另见 BUDDING
bud3 n slang, especially AmE【俚，尤美】= BUDDY (2)
Bud n infml a BUDWEISER (=type of beer)【非正式】百威啤酒：Hey. 
would you like a Bud?嗨，来瓶百威啤酒怎么样？
Bu. da. pest /budepest; bju:de'pest the capital and largest city
of Hungary, on the River Danube 布达佩斯〔匈牙利首都和最大
的城市，地跨多瑙河两岸
Bud. dha /bude: 'bude/ 1 the
Buddha (？563-？483 BC)
the title given to Gautama
Siddhartha, a wealthy man
from N India who gave up
all his possessions and fam-
ily to teach the ideas on
which the religion of Bud-
dhism is based 佛陀〔（公元
前？563-前？483)，对乔答
摩·悉达多的尊称。他是印度
北部的一位富人，放弃所有
财产弃家出走，宣讲佛教教
义]2 [C] a STATUE or picture of the Buddha 佛像
Bud-dhis. m /'budizem; 'budizam/ n [U] a religion of E, S, and
central Asia, growing out of the teaching of the Buddha that
one must become free of human desires in order to escape from
the suffering that is a necessary part of life. Followers of Bud-
dhism believe in REINCARNATION (=the idea that people are
born again after they die, and that their next life depends on
how well they behaved in their previous life). 佛教〔流传于东
亚、南亚和中亚的一种宗教，起源于佛陀关于人类要摆脱生命中必
有的痛苦就必须舍弃一切欲念的教义。佛教徒都信仰轮回转世
说) — see also 另见 NIRVANA - Buddhist adj, n: a Buddhist
monk 一位佛教僧侣| He became a Buddhist. 他成为了一名佛
教徒
bud. ding /^badin; 'badin/ adj [A no comp. 无比较级] begin-
ning to develop or become successful开始发育的；成长中的；
新获得成功的，初露头角的；a budding poet 初露头角的诗人
bud·dy /`badi; 'badi/ n 1 infml a companion; partner【非正式】
同伴，伙伴：He's my buddy. 他是我的伙伴。|We're good
buddies. 我们是好朋友。2 slang, especially AmE (used as a
form of address to a man, often in anger 用于称呼男子，常带怒
意)【俚，尤美】老兄；喂：Get out of my way, buddy! 喂，别挡道
呀！ 3 a VOLUNTEER who acts as a friend and helper to a person
with AIDS 善待并帮助爱滋病患者的志愿者
buddy sys·tem /'·. . ·/ n AmE an arrangement in which one
person is paired with another to help each other, especially to
keep each other safe【美】结伴制，搭伴制〔指两人结伴互相帮助，
尤指相互保护对方的安全)：The camp uses a buddy system for
swimmers in the lake, 营队采用了在湖中结伴游泳的方法。
budge /bvd3; bad3/ v [I; T] to (cause to) move a little （使）稍微
移动：We tried to lift the rock but it wouldn't budge/we couldn't
budge it. 我们试图把大石抬起来，但它连动都没动一下[但我们挪
不动它]。|(fig. 喻) She wouldn't budge from her opinions. 
她连稍微改变一下自己的看法都不愿意。
bud. ger. i. gar /`bad3eri, gar; 'bad3eriga:/ also 又作 bud·gie
/`bad3i; 'bad3i/ infml【非正式】- n a small bright-coloured bird
of Australian origin, often kept as a caged bird〔原产地为澳洲
的〕虎皮鹦鹉
bud. get /bad3it; 'bad3t/ n 1 a plan of how to spend money, 
especially during a particular period or for a particular purpose. 
taking account of what one will earn or receive and of what
one will probably have to spend 预算：a family/weekly budget
家庭[每周的]预算 | The sales director is preparing the
company's advertising budget for 1989. 销售业务董事正在制
定公司1989年的广告费预算。| It is important to balance
one's budget. (=make sure that no more money is being spent
than is being earned)保持收支平衡是很重要的。| The new road
was completed two months early and well within/below
budget. (=for less than the planned cost)新公路比预计早两个
月完工，而且费用大大低于预算。2(sometimes cap. 有时用大
写)an official statement made usually once a year that gives
details of what a government plans to spend, how it intends to
collect the money needed, and so how much tax people will
have to pay 政府预算案: The president is seeking approval
from Congress for his budget. 总统正在想法子让国会通过他
提出的预算案。[ The Chancellor will present his budget to
Parliament tomorrow. 财政大臣明天将向议会提出预算案。-
see also 另见 BUDGET DAY 3 the amount of money stated in
either type of plan 〔一项计划中的)预算额，经费：Our research
budget for this year is ￡10, 000. 我们今年的研究经费是 10, 000
英镑。| more cuts in the education budget 削减更多的教育经
费 — ~ary adj
budget2v [I (for); T] to make plans for the careful use of (money, 
time etc) in a way that will bring most advantage(为·. )制定预
算：按预算来安排（开支）；作好安排：She budgeted for(=planned
to save enough money for) a holiday/buying a new car. 她为
了去度假[买一辆新车]而计划节省开支。| She has so many
commitments she has to budget her time very carefully. 她答
应下来的事太多，因而不得不精心安排自己的时间。
buddha 佛像
budget3 adj [A] not needing a lot of money; cheap 经济的，特
价的，买得便宜的：a budget holiday 经济度假
Budget, the in the UK, a plan for how the government will
collect all the money it needs, which is announced each year
by the CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER (=the minister in
charge of financial matters). The Chancellor is always shown
going to Parliament carrying a special red case that contains
the Budget speech. The speech is broadcast on television and
radio, and most people take an interest in the effects of the
Budget on taxes and on the price of things like petrol, alcohol, 
and cigarettes. 英国政府预算案〔指英国政府如何解决其经费来源
的计划，每年由财政大臣公布。财政大臣总是提着一只装有预算案
0212
讲稿的红色箱子去议会做演说。演说通过广播或电视播出，大多数
人就预算案对税收及对汽油、酒类和香烟等价格的影响颇为关注)
bud. get. a. ry /`bad3i teri; 'bvd3tari/ adj connected with the
way that money is spent according to a budget 有关预算开支
的：tight budgetary controls 严格的预算开支控制
Budget Day /'. / the day in March or April when the British
Chancellor of the Exchequer makes the Budget speech ir
parliament. The Chancellor goes to parliament carrying the
speech in a special red case. The speech is broadcast, and ordi-
nary people take great interest in its effect on such things as
the price of petrol, cigarettes, and alcohol. 预算日〔指英国财政
大臣于3月份或4月份在议会发表政府预算案演讲的那一天。财
政大臣提着装有讲稿的一个红色箱子，去议会做演说。演说通过广
播或电视播出，普通民众极为关注政府预算对石油、香烟和酒类价
格的影响)
Bud·wei·ser /`badwaize; 'bvdwaize/ also 又作 Bud infml【非
正式】-- trademark a type of US beer【商标】百威啤酒〔一种美
国啤酒〕
Bue. nos Ai·res /bwenes `airiz; bweinps 'airiz/ the capital city
of Argentina, an important international port and one of the
largest cities in South America 布宜诺斯艾利斯〔阿根廷首都，
是重要的国际性港口，为南美洲最大的城市之一
buff1 /baf; baf/ adj AmE slang very attractive, and with a strong. 
healthy-looking body【美，俚】健美的：He's totally buff. 他的
身材绝对棒
buff2 adj, n [U] 1 (of) a pale yellowish-brown colour 浅黄色的；
米色的：a buff envelope 浅黄色信封 2 a soft leather of this
colour made from cowskin 浅黄色软（牛）皮：a buff jacket -
件浅黄色软皮夹克 3 in the buff old-fash infml with no clothes
on【过时，非正式】赤身裸体，一丝不挂
buff3 v[T (UP)] to polish (metal) with something soft 用软物擦
亮〔金属〕
buff4n infml a person who is very interested in and knows a lot
about the stated subject【非正式】爱好者，行家； ·迷； ·狂：a film
buff影迷 |a wine buff 酒徒
buf·fa·lo /`baflo; 'bvfeleu/ n -loes, -los, or -lo 1 a large Asiar
and African animal of the cattle family, with long flattish curved
horns 水牛 — see also 另见 WATER BUFFALO 2 also 又作 bi-
son - a large wild cowlike animal formerly common in Eu. 
rope and N America, with a very large head and shoulders cov
ered with hair. In the US in the late 1800s and early 1900s
buffaloes were hunted for their skins to make buffalo robes
and were almost made EXTINCT. The smaller numbers of buf-
falo made life more difficult for the Native Americans, who
ate buffalo meat, and this worsened the disagreement between
the Native Americans and white men. 北美野牛；欧洲野牛〔19
世纪末和20世纪初，在美国，人们大肆猎杀野牛，取其皮缝制野牛
皮长袍，使它们濒临绝灭。余下的一些野牛数量不多，以吃野牛肉
为生的美国土著居民生活更加困难了，这样更加深了他们与白人之
间的敌对情绪〕
Buffalo Bill /. . / (1846-1917) a SCOUT (=a soldier sent out to
get information about the enemy) for the US army, who was
also a buffalo hunter. After leaving the army, he organized the
Wild West Show', in which he and people such as Annie
OAKLEY and SITTING BULL showed their skill at shooting and
horseriding, and tried to give people an idea of what life was
like in the American West. Buffalo Bill's real name was Wil-
liam Cody, 野牛比尔〔(1846-1917)，美国陆军侦察兵，也是一位
野牛猎手。退役后他组织了“西大荒演艺会”，与安妮·奥克莉及“坐
牛”一起表演射击和马术，试图为人们展现美国西部的生活。他的
真名叫威廉·科迪〕
buff-er1 /`bafe: 'bafe/ n 1 a spring put on the front and back of
a railway engine or carriage to take the shock when it is con-
nected to another carriage or hits the end of the track〔铁路车
辆的〕缓冲器 2 a person or thing that protects someone or some-
thing or lessens a shock 起缓冲作用的人；缓冲物； A little money
can be a useful buffer in time of need. 在急需时，很少一点钱
就能解燃眉之急。3 a a place in a computer's memory to store
information temporarily 〔电脑的〕缓冲存储器 b a quantity of
information stored in such a place 缓冲存储器内的信息量
buffer2v[T] to act as a buffer to 缓冲，缓和；保护
buffer3 n BrE infml a foolish but perhaps likeable old man【英
非正式】老家伙，老糊涂(especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 old
buffer 老糊涂)
buffer state /'· ·/ also 又作 buffer - n a smaller peaceful
country between two larger ones, that reduces the likelihood
of war between them 缓冲国
buffer stock /'· / n [often pl. 常用复数] a store of goods which
is bought or collected up when supplies are plentiful, and which
is sold or given out when supplies are less plentiful调节性库
存储备〔起调剂余缺作用的库存〕
buffer zone /'. / n a NEUTRAL area separating opposing forces
or groups 缓冲地带
buffet' /`bafit; 'bvft/ v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] to strike
forcefully or repeatedly （用力连续）打击，冲击：We were buf-
fetea by the wind and the rain. 我们遭到风雨的袭击。 | We
were buffeted about (=thrown from side to side) during the
rough boat trip. 船在大浪中航行，我们被颠得左右摇晃。
buffet n
buf. fet2 /bu`fe; 'bufei/ n 1 (a place where one can get) a meal
consisting usually of cold food, which people serve for them-
selves and eat standing up or sitting down nearby自助餐；自助
餐厅：摆放自取食物的长桌2AmE a SIDEBOARD【美】餐具柜
Buffet, Jimmy (1946-)a US singer and songwriter who was
especially popular in the 1970s. His songs are often humorous
and include My Head Hurts, My Feet Stink, and I Don't Love
Jesus and Cheeseburger in Paradise. 比费〔(1946- )，美国歌
手和歌曲作家，20世纪70年代尤其受人欢迎。他的歌曲常常诙谐
有趣，包括《头痛、脚臭，我不爱耶稣》和《天堂里的干酪汉堡》〕
buffet car /'. / n a carriage in a train where one can get drinks
and light meals〔火车上的〕餐车
but. foon /ba`fun; be'fu:n/ n a very stupid person, especially
one who is rough and noisy 丑角；粗俗而愚蠢的人 — ~ery n
[U]
bug1 /bag; bag/ n 1 [C] especially AmE any small insect【尤
美】小虫子：The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋
袋的米里长满了虫子。2[C] infml a small living thing causing
disease; GERM【非正式】病菌，细菌：I'm not feeling well; I mus
have picked up a bug somewhere. 我感觉不舒服，一定是在什
么地方感染病菌了。| There's a nasty bug going around. 一种
讨厌的传染病正在流行。3[C] a BEDBUG臭虫 4 [C] slang an
apparatus for listening secretly to other people's conversations
【俚】窃听器：The police searched the courtroom for bugs. 警
方检查法庭，看有没有窃听器。5 [C] infml a fault or difficulty
in a machine, system, computer PROGRAM etc【非正式】〔机器、
体系、电脑程序等的〕毛病，故障，干扰：to iron out all the bugs
from the new process 排除新工序中所有的故障 — see also另
见 DEBUG 6 [the+S] infml an eager but sometimes not lasting
interest in the stated thing【非正式】〔对·暂时的〕热衷，着迷；痛
好； ·迷， ··狂：bitten by the travel bug 患了旅行热| the pho
tography bug 摄影迷
bug2v-gg- [T] slang【俚】1 to fit with a secret listening appara-
tus 在··装窃听器；窃听：The police have bugged his office. 警
方在他的办公室里装了窃听器。2 to annoy; IRRITATE 打扰；激
怒；使厌烦：It really bugs me when people come around with-
out telephoning first. 有些人不先打电话就来，实在讨厌。
Bug n AmE infml a BEETLE (=type of small Volkswagen car)
【美，非正式】甲壳虫车〔大众公司制造的一种小型轿车〕
bug. a. boo /`bage bu; 'bvgebu:/n-boos infml, especially AmE
an imaginary cause of fear【非正式，尤美】吓人的东西；妖怪；无
端的恐惧：childish bugaboos 幼稚的吓唬人的东西
bug. bear /`bag ber; 'bagbee/ n something that causes anxiet
or concern, perhaps without reason 使人烦恼[担心]的东西：无
谓的恐慌：the bugbear of rising prices 怕物价上涨的恐慌心理
bug-eyed /，'/ adj having eyes that stick out or BULGE, e. g. 
because of lack of sleep〔缺乏睡眠等原因引起的〕眼球突出的
bug·ger1 ^bag; 'bvge/n slang, especially BrE【俚，尤英】1 ta-
boo an offensive or disagreeable person【讳】坏蛋，可鄙的家伙
2 taboo a SODOMITE【讳】鸡奸者 3 a person or animal 家伙；东
西〔指人或动物)：The poor bugger broke his leg skiing. 这个
可怜的家伙滑雪时把腿摔断了。| You lucky buggers!你们这些
幸运的家伙！| The cheeky little bugger! 这个厚脸皮的小东西！4
something that causes a lot of trouble or difficulty 造成困难的
事物；令人头痛的事：That job's a real bugger! 那件工作真令人
头痛！| a bugger of a job 难办的事
bugger2ν[T] BrE【英】1 taboo or law to be guilty of SODOMY
【讳或律】犯鸡奸罪，搞鸡奸2 slang【俚】(used for adding force
to expressions of displeasure or surprise 用以加强不悦或惊讶
语气)：Bugger it! I've missed my train! 真倒霉，没有赶上火
车！ | Bugger the lot of you! 岂有此理，你们这些家伙！| Well
bugger me -- he's done it! 真该死，他已经做完了！
bugger about phr v BrE taboo slang【英，讳，俚】1 [I (with)]
to behave in a silly or foolish way 胡闹 2 [T (bugger sbdy. 
about)] to cause difficulties to 给人添麻烦，烦扰：I wish the
tax office would stop buggering me about. 我希望税务局不要
再来纠缠我。
bugger off phr y [I usually imperative 一般用于祈使句] BrE
taboo slang to go away【英，讳，俚】走开，滚开：He told me to
bugger off!他叫我滚开！
bugger sthg. up phr v [T] BrE taboo slang to spoil; ruin
0213
【英，讳，俚】损害；搞糟：Losing our luggage really buggered
up our holiday. 我们度假时把行李弄丢了，真叫人扫兴。
bugger all /，· '·√ n [U] BrE taboo slang nothing【英，讳，俚】
没有，无：Like it or not, there's bugger all we can do about it. 
不管喜不喜欢，反正我们毫无办法
bug·gered /`bvgad; 'bvged/ adj [F] BrE taboo slang【英，讳，
俚】1 extremely tired 精疲力竭的 2 very surprised or shocked
非常吃惊的：Well, I'm buggered! 哦， 我真的非常吃惊！
bug·ger·y /`bvgeri; 'bvgeri/ n [U] BrE taboo or law for【英，讳
或律】=SODOMY
bug. gy /`bagi; 'bvgi/ n 1 BrE a light folding PUSHCHAIR with
small wheels【英】折叠式轻便婴儿车 2 a light carriage pulled
by one horse〔一匹马拉的〕轻型马车 3 also又作 baby buggy
AmE for【美】=PRAM
bug-house /`baghaus; 'baghaus/ n AmE slang, old fash MEN
TAL HOSPITAL【美，俚，过时】精神病院，疯人院
bu. gle /`bjugl; 'bju:gal/ n a brass musical instrument, played by
blowing, like a TRUMPET but shorter, used especially for army
calls 号角；军号 - -gler n
Bugs Bun. ny / '/ a CARTOON rabbit who likes CARROTs and
often uses the phrase ‘What's up, Doc?’宾尼兔，兔巴哥〔一只
喜欢吃胡萝卜的卡通兔子，经常说：“怎么了，医生？”〕
bug zap. per /'. / n AmE infml a special type of light that is
designed to attract insects such as MOSOUITOS and kill them
with electricity【美，非正式】灭虫灯〔以灯光吸引蚊子等昆虫，并
用电流将它们击死的一种特制灯具
Bu. ick /'buik; 'bu:ik/ trademark a type of US car made by Gen-
eral Motors【商标】别克轿车〔通用汽车公司制造的一种美国小汽
车〕
*build1/bild; bild/ v built /bilt; bilt/ [I; T] 1 to make (a structure
by putting pieces together; CONSTRUCT 建筑，建造，建设，盖
建，造：That house is built of brick(s). 那房子是用砖建的。
They're building (new houses) in that area now. 他们现在那
个地区建住宅。[to build roads/bridges/computers/aircraft
建公路[桥梁]：制造电脑[飞机] | These birds build their nests
out of straw. 这些鸟用稻草筑巢。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)] He built
me a model ship out of wood. 他用木料为我做了一条模型船。
+obj+for] He built a model ship for me. 他给我造了一条模型
船。2 [(UP)] to (cause to) develop; form(使)发展：（使）构成：
创建，建立；树立；培养：Hard work builds (up) character. 艰苦
的工作可以磨练个性。| The queue of people waiting for tick-
ets is building fast. 等候买票的人很快就排成了一条长龙。| to
build a relationship/a business 建立关系：兴办企业| efforts
to build confidence between the two sides 建立双方信任感所
作的努力 3 build bridges to try to establish a connection or
friendly relationship, especially between opposing groups or
ideas, 沟通〔尤指对立的团体或思想〕4 -built formed in a stated
way 用··构造的，有·造型的：a brick-built house 一座砖盖的
房子| a well-built man 体格强壮的人
build sthg.  in/into sthg. phr v [T usually pass. 一般用被
动语态]1 to make so as to be a fixed part, usually of a room把
·嵌[插、建、装] 入：These cupboards are built in/built into
the walls. 这些碗橱是装在墙内的。2 to cause to be a part of
something which cannot be separated or removed from it 使成
为某物不可分的部分：The rate of pay was built into her
contract. 她的薪金额已订入合同。 — see also 另见 BUILT-IN
build on phr ν [T often pass. 常用被动语态] 1 (build sthg
→on) to make as an additional building 加建，扩建，增建：Thi
part of the hospital was built on later. 医院的这部分是后来加
建的。2(build on sthg. ) to use as a base for further develop-
ment 以··作为发展的基础； In the new job she'll be able to
build on her previous experience in marketing. 她可以凭借以
前的推销工作经验来开展她的新工作。3 also 又作 build upon
- (build sthg. on sthg. ) to base on 建立在··之上：The com-
pany's success is built on its very popular home computers
公司的成功全靠其行销很广的家用电脑。|His argument is buil
on facts. 他的论点是以事实为依据的。4(build on sthg. ) to de
pend on; BANK on 依靠；指望
build up phr v 1 [I; T (build sthg.  up)] to (cause to)
increase, develop, or become gradually larger(使)增进；增加
加强;扩大; 振兴: t build up one's strength agair afte an
illness病后逐步恢复体力 | The clouds are building up, 云正
在密集起来。| He has built up a good business over the years. 
几年来，他经营的企业日益兴旺。| Traffic going out of the city
is already building up. 往城郊的交通正变得越来越拥挤。2 [T
(build sbdy. /sthg.  up) to praise so as to influence the opin-
ion of others; PROMOTE (3)捧起，赞扬，宣传：The singer has
been built up into a great success. 这位歌星已经被捧红了。-
see also 另见 BUILDUP, BUILT-UP
build2n [C; U] shape and size, especially of the human body
〔尤指人的〕体格；体形：a powerful build 强壮的体格 |My
brother and I are of the same build. 我们弟兄俩体型一样。一
see 参见 BODY (USAGE)
build·er /`bild; 'bilde/ n 1 ‖ also 又作 building contractor
AmE【美】- a person whose job is building things, especially
houses〔尤指建房子的〕建筑工人；营造商；建筑师；建造者：a firm
of local builders 本地的建筑公司 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)
something that helps to form or develop a quality or condition
增进[增强]·之物；塑造··之物：Hard work is a great character-
builder. 艰苦工作能大大磨练人的性格。
builders'mer. chant /'·，·/n BrE a person who owns or works
in a place (builders' merchant's) where building materials
such as bricks, cement, sand etc are sold【英】建材商
*build·ing /`bildin; 'bildin/ n 1 [C] a structure, usually with a
roof and walls, that is intended to stay in one place and not to
be taken down again 建筑物：Houses and churches are build-
ings. 房屋和教堂都是建筑物。| The World Trade Center is
one of the world's tallest buildings. 世界贸易中心是世界上最
高的建筑物之一。2 [U] the process or business of making build-
ings 建筑，建造；建筑业：the building industry 建筑工业
building block /'· ·/ n 1 blocks of wood or plastic used by
young children to play games, especially by placing one or
top of another 积木 2 (fig. 喻) any of the pieces out of which
something is built 成分，构成要素；砌块； Atoms are the build-
ing blocks of the universe. 原子是构成宇宙的最小单位。
building con. tract. or /'. . ·/n a builder(1)建筑承包商，营造
商，建造商
building site /'· / n a piece of ground where a building is
being built 建筑物施工现场；建筑工地
building so·ci·e·ty /'· ·，·/ BrE【英】‖ savings and loan asso
ciation AmE【美】— n a business organization into which
people pay money in order to save it and gain interest, and
which lends money to people who want to buy houses购房互
助协会〔接受会员存款并付给利息，会员购房可贷款的商业机构)
build·up /`bild Ap; 'bild-vp/ n 1 [(of, in)] a process of increas-
ing 增长；加强；集结；储备：the buildup of our military forces/
of traffic on the roadlof tension in the region 军队的集结；公
路交通流量的增长：地区紧张形势的加剧2 favourable public
attention or praise in advance （预先的）吹捧，舆论宣传：Despite
the big buildup, the play was a flop. 尽管事前做了很多宣传，
这出戏还是彻底失败了。 — see also 另见 BUILD Up
built-in // adj forming a part of something that cannot be
separated from it 作为固定装置而建造的，装在结构里的，固定的
内在的，固有的； a built-in disadvantage of the system 体制本
身固有的不利条件 |a built-in cupboard 壁橱 — see also 另见
BUILD in
built-up/'·/ adj covered with buildings 布满建筑物的； a built-
up area 建筑物密集的地区
Bu. kow·ski /bu`kauski; bu:'kauski/, Charles (1920-1994) a
US writer, born in Germany, who wrote several novels, short
stories, and collections of poetry. His work often shows both
anger and humour, His novels include post office and ham
on Rye, and his best-known short story collection is called
erections. Eiaculations. Exhibitions. and General Tales of
Ordinary Madness. 布科夫斯基[(1920-1994)，出生于德国的
美国作家，著有小说、短篇故事以及诗歌集，他的作品愤怒中带有
幽默，小说包括《邮局》和《黑面包上的火腿》，最著名短篇小说集为
《勃起、射精、暴露及普通神经错乱之综述》)
bulb /balb; balb/ n 1 a round root of certain plants 〔植物的〕球
茎，鳞茎，球根：a tulip bulb 郁金香球茎 2 any object of this
shape, especially (the glass part of) an electric lamp that gives
out light 球状物；电灯泡：a 100-watt light bulb 100瓦电灯泡
the bulb of a thermometer 温度计的 （水银）球部
bul. bous /balbes; 'bvlbes/ adj often derog shaped like a bulb;
fat and round【常贬】又肥又圆的；球茎状的：a bulbous nose 蒜
瓣鼻子
Bul-ga. ri. a /bal`gerie; bal'gearie/ a country in SE Europe next
to the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey. Population:
10, 319, 000(1995). Capital: Sofia. 保加利亚〔欧洲东南部一国，
濒临黑海，与罗马尼亚和土耳其接壤。人口：10, 319, 000(1995)
首都：索非亚〕
bulge1 /bald3; bald3/ n 1 a swelling of a surface caused by
pressure from inside or below 膨胀，肿胀，鼓起部：The apple
made a bulge in his pocket. 苹果把他口袋塞得鼓了起来。2 a
sudden unusual increase in quantity, which does not last 〔数量
上暂时性的〕骤增，膨胀，暴涨：The bulge in the birthrate after
the war made more schools necessary. 战后出生率骤增，因而
需要增设更多的学校。- bulgy adj - bulginess n [U]
bulge2v [I(with, OUT)] to swell or curve outwards 凸出，鼓起
His stomach bulged (out). 他的肚子突了出来。| His pockets
0214
were bulging with presents. 他的口袋里鼓鼓囊囊塞满了礼物。
(fig. 喻) a bulging bank account (=with a lot of money in it)
有大量存款的账户
Bulge — see 参见 BATTLE OF THE BULGE
Bul. ger mur. der, the /`buld3a ，m3da; 'buld3e, m3:de/ the
murder in 1992 of a young boy called James Bulger, in
Liverpool in the UK. The case shocked people and was talked
about a lot, because James Bulger's killers were two ten-year-
old boys, and many people thought this proved that children in
general were becoming more violent. 巴尔杰谋杀案〔指1992
年英国利物浦一位名叫詹姆斯·巴尔杰的小男孩遭谋杀的案件，因
凶手是两个10岁的男孩而令人震惊，并引起广泛议论。许多人认
为，这起案件证实儿童从总体上来说变得更加凶暴了〕
bul. gur /`balge; 'bvlge/ n [U] a form of wheat which has been
cooked, cracked, and dried 熟的干麦粉
bu. lim·i·a /bju`limie; bju: 'limie/ n [U] tech an illness in which
there is a great and uncontrollable desire to eat. It is most often
young women who suffer from it and they usually VOMIT after
eating too much in order not to gain weight. 【术语】易饥症；食
欲过盛症〔患此症的多为年轻女子。为了不增加体重，她们吃得过
量以后通常会把食物吐出来〕— see 参见 EATING DISORDER
bulk1 /bvlk; bvlk/ n 1 [U] largeness of size, shape, or mass体积
大；大块；大批；大量：It was difficult to move, not because of
its weight but because of its bulk. 移动它很困难，不是由于它
的重量，而是由于它的体积很大。2 [C] an unusually large, fat. 
or shapeless body 异常肥大的躯体；庞然大物，笨重而不成形的
东西：The elephant lowered its great bulk. 大象蹲下了它的庞
大身躯。3 [the+S (of)] the main or largest part 主要部分；大半：
The bulk of the work has already been done. 大部分工作已干
完了。| The publishing sector provided the bulk of the
company's profits. 出版部门提供了公司的大部分利润。4 in
bulk in large quantities and not packed in separate containers
整[大]批的；未分开包装的；散装的：to buy/sell in bulk 整批购
买[出售]| a tanker carrying milk in bulk 一辆装载着未包装
牛奶的罐形汽车
bulk2 adj [A] (of buying and selling) in large quantities 〔买卖)
大批的：a bulk purchase of grain 购进大批粮食 | a bulk order
大宗定货单
bulk3 v bulk large to appear important or play an important
part 显得重要，起重大作用：The threat of economic crisis is
beginning to bulk large in the government's thinking. 经济危
机的威胁已经开始引起政府的重视。
bulk (sthg. →) out also 又作 bulk up — phr v [I; T] to
(cause to) swell or to be or seem thicker or fuller(使)膨胀，
(使)看起来更厚实[丰满]：She uses gel to bulk her hair out. 她
用喷发胶把头发弄得蓬松。
bulk·head /`bvlk hed; 'bvlkhed/ n [often pl. 常用复数] a wal
which divides a ship, TUNNEL, spacecraft etc into separate parts
so that if one part is damaged, water or air will not pass through
隔离壁〔用于船舱、隧道、太空飞行器等，以防止在一部分损坏时
水或空气流入其他部分〕
bulk mail //n [U] AmE the sending of letters, especially
advertisements, to many people for a smaller charge than usual
【美】大量邮件寄送〔尤指发送大量邮寄广告，费用比普通邮件要
低〕
bulk·y /`balki; 'balki/ adj 1 having bulk, especially if large of
its kind or rather fat 庞大的，笨重的：a bulky parcel 笨重的包
裹 2 having great size or mass in comparison with weight〔与
重量相比较〕体积大的：a bulky woollen sweater 宽大的毛绒衫
-ily adv --iness n [U]
bull'/bul; bul/ n 1 the adult male form of cattle, supposed to be
fierce and hard to control, kept on farms to be the parent of
young cattle 公牛：(fig. 喻) a great bull of a man (=big and
strong)体壮如牛的男人 — compare 比较 BULLOCK; see also
另见 BELLOW 2 the male of certain other large land or sea
animals〔某些陆地或海洋的躯体庞大的〕雄性动物：a bull el-
ephant 一只雄象 — compare 比较 COw' (2) 3 a person who
buys business shares or goods in expectation of a price rise or
who acts to cause such a rise〔股票投机中的)多头，买进股票等
待价格上涨以图谋利者；股市看涨的人；哄抬证券价格的人：abull
marker (=in which prices are rising)看涨的市场, 牛市 _-- com-
pare 比较 BEAR'(2) 4 infml for【非正式】= BULL'S-EYE (1) 5 a
bull in a 'china shop infml a rough and careless person in a
place where skill and care are needed【非正式】笨手笨脚到处闯
祸的人：He's like a bull in a china shop, always knocking
things over. 他笨手笨脚，总是撞倒东西。6 take the bull by
the horns infml to face difficulties fearlessly and with
determination【非正式】挺身面对困难
bull2n an official letter from the POPE(=the head of the Roman
Catholic Church)罗马教皇训谕[敕书]
bull3 n, interj [U] slang foolish talk; nonsense【俚】废话：That's
a load/lot of bull!那是连篇废话! - — see also 另见 shoo the
bull(SHOOT1)
Bull, John — see 参见 JOHN BULL
bull-dog /`bul dog; 'buldog/ n a fierce dog of English origin
with a short neck and short thick legs set far apart, often re-
garded as having great determination. The bulldog is some-
times used as a SYMBOL of the British character. 斗牛犬〔有时
用来象征英国人的性格〕
bulldog clip /'··/ BrE【英】‖elephant clip AmE【美】n a small
metal apparatus with a spring, used like a PAPER CLIP〔有弹簧
的〕金属纸夹
Bulldog Drum. mond /，buldog `drvmend; buldog 'drvmend/
a character in the adventure stories of the writer 'Sapper'(Cyril
MacNeile), written in the early 20th century. Bulldog
Drummond is a former British army officer who is ugly but
likeable, and the books show the typical attitudes of the Brit-
ish UPPER CLASS during the time of the British Empire, espe. 
cially their negative attitudes towards foreigners. 顽强的德拉
蒙德〔20世纪初系列惊险小说中的人物，作者“萨珀”（即西里尔
麦克尼尔)。德拉蒙德是一名前英国军官，模样丑陋但讨人喜爱。
该系列书籍揭示了英帝国时期英国上流社会的典型心态，尤其是他
们对外国人所持的消极态度〕
bull-doze /`bul doz; 'buldeuz/ v [T] 1 to force (objects, earth
etc) out of the way with a bulldozer in order to form a level
surface〔用推土机)推平，平整：to bulldoze the ground before
building 盖房之前用推土机平整土地 2 [+obj+adv/prep] to force
insensitively, without regard for the feelings or opinions of
others 强行，胁迫：Despite public opposition, he bulldozed his
plan through Parliament. 他不顾公众的反对，在议会强行通过
他的计划。They bulldozed her into agreeing. 他们强迫她同
意
bull. doz. er /`bul, doze; 'buldeuze/n a powerful machine used
for pushing heavy objects, earth etc out of the way when a
level surface is needed 推土机
*bul. let /`bulit; 'bult/ n a type of shot fired from a fairly small
gun, usually longer than it is broad and with a rounded or
pointed end 枪弹，子弹，弹头：The bodies of the hostages were
found riddled with bullets. 在人质的尸体上发现了很多弹孔。
police fired rubber bullets into the crowc, 警察向人群发射橡
皮子弹。| a bullet wound 枪伤| A bullet-proof car/vest stops
bullets from passing through it. 防弹车[背心]能防止子弹穿
透。 — see also另见 bite the bullet (BITE1(10), and compare
并比较SHELL1(2), SHOT1(5)
bull 公牛
bullet-head·ed /，·. '·/ adj derog (especially of a person) hav-
ing a small round head【贬】〔尤指人〕头又小又圆的
bul. le. tin /buletin; 'buletn/ n 1 a short usually official notice
or news report intended to be made public without delay 公告
公报；告示；新闻快报：Here is the latest bulletin about the Presi-
dent's health. 这是总统健康情况的最新公告。| to read a news
bulletin on television 在电视上宣读新闻快报 2 a short printed
newspaper, especially one produced by an organization or club
〔尤指团体出版的)小报；会刊：the company's quarterly bulle-
tin公司（出版）的季刊
bulletin board /'· ·/ n especially AmE for【尤美】= NOTICE
BOARD
bull-fight /`bul fait; 'bulfait/ n a form of public entertainment
in Spain, Portugal, and Latin America, in which men ceremo-
nially excite, fight, and often kill bulls. Many people now think
that bullfights are cruel for the animals. 斗牛（表演）〔现在许多
人都觉得斗牛娱乐对动物很残忍〕 — ~er n — ~ing n[U]
bull-finch /bul fintf; 'bul, fintf/ n a small European songbird
with a bright reddish breast and a strong rounded beak〔欧洲产
0215
的鸣禽〕红腹灰雀
bull-frog /bul frag; 'bulfrpg/ n a large-headed American FROG
that makes a loud noise(CROAK2)牛蛙〔美国产大型水栖蛙
bull-head. ed /`bul`hadid; bul'hedd adj often derog (of a
berson) going determinedly but stupidly or thoughtlessly after
what one wants【常贬】〔指人〕愚笨固执的，顽固的 — ~ly adv
 — ~ness n [U]
bull-horn /`bulhorn; 'bulho:n/ n AmE an instrument shaped like
a widening tube which is powered electrically and held to the
mouth to make the sound of a voice louder【美】手提式扩音器
 — compare 比较 MEGAPHONE
bul-lion /`buljen; 'buljen/ n [U] bars of gold or silver 金条，金
块：银条，银块：gold bullion 金条
bul-lish /`bulif; 'bulif/ adj 1 tech marked by, tending to cause
or hopeful of rising prices (as in a STOCK EXCHANGE)【术语】股票
行情看涨的，做多头的：There was a bullish trend in the market
市场行情有上涨趋势。 — opposite 反义词 bearish 2 showing
confidence about the future; full of OPTIMISM〔对未来)抱有
信心的；乐观的：He is very bullish about the prospects for his
business. 他对自己企业的前景非常乐观。 — ~ly ady — ~ness
n[U]
bull mar-ket /'·/ n a situation in which prices on the STOCK
MARKET(=the place where business shares are bought and sold)
are going up 牛市，多头市场〔指股市中股票价格趋向上涨的局
面) — compare 比较 BEAR MARKET
bull-necked /`bul nekt; bul'nekt/ adj (of a person) with a shor
and very thick neck 〔指人〕颈部短粗的
bul-lock /`bulek; 'bulek/ n a male animal of the cattle family
which cannot breed; OX (1)阉牛；小公牛 — compare 比较 BULL
HEIFER, STEER2
bull pen /'/ n 1 the area in a BASEBALL field which is used by
PITCHERs2 to get ready to play〔棒球场中)投手练习区 2 the
PITCHERS2 of a BASEBALL team(棒球队的)全体投手：The Dodg
ers have a strong bull pen. 洛杉矶道奇队投手实力很强
bull-ring /`bul rin; 'bol, rin/ n an ARENA where BULLFIGHTS are
held, surrounded by rows of seats 斗牛场
Bull Run /'/ the place in NE Virginia in the US where there
were two important battles in the AMERICAN CIVIL WAR which
the Union forces lost to Confederate forces. Many men were
killed or hurt in these battles. 布尔河〔美国弗吉尼亚州东北部-
地，美国内战期间曾发生过两次重大战役，北军败于南军，伤亡惨
重〕
bull ses·sion /'·/ n AmE infml a time when a group of people
get together to talk【美，非正式】闲聊，漫谈
bull's-eye /' ·/ n 1 also 又作 bull infml【非正式】- the circula
centre of a TARGET that people try to hit when shooting or play-
ing DARTS 靶心，鹄的； to score a bull's-eye (=hit this centre)
击中靶心 | (fig. 喻) Your last remark really hit the bull's-
eye: it was exactly right. 你最后一句话击中要害，说的一点不
错。2 BrE a large hard round sweet tasting of PEPPERMINT
【英】薄荷味圆形大硬糖果
bull-shit1 /`bul fit; 'bul fit/ n, interj [U] taboo slang foolish
talk;nonsense【讳，俚】瞎扯，胡说八道，废话
bullshit2y-tt- [I; T] taboo slang to talk nonsense, especially
confidently in order to deceive, persuade, or get admiration
【讳，俚】乱说，瞎吹〔尤指为了欺骗、劝诱或骗取赞誉等]
bull ter-ri-er / '·/n a short-haired dog of English origin which
is a mixture of BULLDOG and TERRIER, bred for fighting 短毛
〔原产于英国，为斗牛犬和便交配生的杂种打斗犬〕 — see also
另见 PIT BULL TERRIER
bul. ly1 /`buli; 'buli/ n a person, especially a schoolboy or
choolgirl, who hurts or intentionally frightens weaker people
〔尤指男女学生中的〕恃强凌弱者，以大欺小者：流氓，暴徒
bully2v [T (into)] to act like a bully towards, often with the
intention of forcing someone to do something 欺侮，仗势欺人
威逼； He bullies all the other little boys in the playground. 他
在运动场上称王称霸，欺侮其他小男孩。| I wanted to stay at
home but they bullied me into going. 我想呆在家里，但他们逼
我去。
bully off phr v [I] to start a game of HOCKEY 曲棍球赛开始
- bully-off /'· ·/ n
bully3 adj bully for you/him etc humor slang (used to express
approval, often insincerely, of what someone has done)【幽
俚】好极了！太棒了！〔用于表示赞同某人的做法，但不一定出于真
心〕
bully beef /'· / n [U] BrE CORNED BEEF, especially as used in
the army【英】罐头咸牛肉〔尤为军用品]
bul-ly-boy /`buli bor; 'buliboi/ n BrE infml a rough man who
behaves in a threatening way【英，非正式】恶棍，流氓，暴徒
Bullyboy tactics won't work on me -- I'm not scarced. 耍流
氓对我没用——我不怕
bul-rush, bullrush /`bul rvf; 'bolrvf/ also 又作 cattail AmB
【美】- n a tall grasslike waterside plant 宽叶香蒲，水蠋，水莞
bul·wark /`bulwak; 'bulwek/ n 1 [often pl. 常用复数] a strong
wall built for defence, often made of earth露天掩体，壁垒，堡
垒：(fig. 喻) Our people's support is a bulwark against the
enemy. 人民对我们的支持就是抗拒敌人的堡垒。2 also 又作
bulwarks pl. - the wall round the edge of a ship〔船的)舷墙
bum1 /bam; bam/ n slang, especially BrE the part of the body
on which a person sits; BUTTOCKS【俚，尤英】屁股
bum2 n AmE and AustrE derog slang【美，澳，贬，俚】1 [C] a
wandering person who lives by begging; TRAMP2 以乞讨为生
的流浪汉，无业游民 2 [the+S] AustrE the life of wandering and
begging【澳】飘泊乞讨的生涯，游荡生活：John lost his job and
went on the bum. 约翰失业后过着流浪生活。3 [C] someone
who spends a lot of time on the stated activity or amusement
沉湎于·活动[娱乐等]的人，··迷，··狂：a beach bum 在海滨
流连忘返的人4[C] someone who is considered worthless, lazy
or unable to do their job 懒鬼，寄生虫，无赖，工作差劲者
bum3v -mm- [T (off)] slang to get by begging; SCROUNGE【俚】
乞求，索取：Can I bum a cigarette(off you)?可以向您要支香
烟吗？
bum around/about phr v slang【俚】1 [I] to spend time la-
zily without any clear purpose 游手好闲，游荡：I didn't do any
thing last summer; I just bummed around. 去年夏天我什么也
没干，只是游游荡荡过日子。2[I;T(=bum around/about sthg. )]
to spend time travelling for amusement 漫游：He's been bum-
ming around (on) the continent for a few months. 几个月来，
他一直在欧洲大陆漫游
bum4 adj [A] slang bad or worthless【俚】蹩脚的，毫无价值的
He gave me some bum advice about buying a car. 他给我出了
个馊主意，叫我买车。
bum. bag /`bambaeg; 'bvmbaeg/ n BrE【英】a small bag for
money, keys etc, which you wear in front of your body on a
belt around your waist; AmE【美】FANNY PACK 腰包
bum·ble ^`bambl; 'bambal/ v [I] slang【俚】1 [(ON, about)] espe-
cially BrE to speak so that the words are hard to hear clearly【尤
英】说话含糊（不清）：He kept bumbling on about his operation
but I didn't really understand all the details. 他喃喃不清地大
谈他的手术经过，但对那些细节我根本就听不懂。2[(ABOUT
AROUND)] to move or behave in an awkward or unskilful way
笨拙地行动：bumbling incompetence 笨手笨脚，不能胜任
bum·ble·bee /`bambl. bi: 'bambalbi:/n a large hairy bee which
makes a loud noise when flying 大黄蜂，熊蜂
bumf, bumph /bamf; bamf/ n [U] BrE derog slang writter
material, often printed information or advertisements, that is
uninteresting, unnecessary, or unwanted【英，贬，俚】令人乏味
的文件；无大用处的印刷品<如广告、资料等)
bum. mer /`bame; 'bame'/ n infml an unpleasant experience
which makes one sad【非正式】令人不愉快的经历[事件]：It was
a real bummer standing in line for so long and still not get-
ting tickets to the concert. 排了这么长时间的队结果还是没买
到音乐会门票，真让人难过
bump1/bamp; bamp/ v 1 [I+adv/prep; T] to hit or knock against
(something, especially something solid and heavy) with force
or violence 猛碰，撞：The car bumped the tree. 汽车撞在树上。
The ball bumped down the stairs. 皮球碰碰撞撞地滚下楼梯去。
The two cars bumped into each other. 两辆车子撞在一起。| 
bumped my knee against/on the table, 我的膝盖碰在桌子上。
2 [I+adv/prep] to move along in an uneven way, like a wheeled
vehicle going over bumps 颠簸而行：The cart bumped along
the track. 马车在小路上颠簸着前进。|(fig. 喻) The circula
tion of the magazine has been bumping along for some time
at around 30, 000. 一段时间以来，杂志的销路一直在3万份上
下摇摆。3 things that go bump in the night humor GHOSTS
MONSTERS etc that make strange noises at night 〔夜里发出怪声
的〕鬼[怪物等东西]
bump into sbdy. phr v [T] infml to meet by chance【非正式】
巧遇，邂逅，碰见：I bumped into an old college friend in the
restaurant. 我在饭店里碰见了大学的一位老同学
bump sbdy. → off phr v [T] slang to kill; murder【俚】杀死
bump sthg. up phr v [T] infml to increase, especially to a
desired level【非正式】提高，增加〔尤指到所要求的水平)：You
need a good result to bump up your average. 你必须取得好成
绩，才能提高平均分数。|to bump up production/the price 增
加产量；抬高物价
bump2n 1 (the sound of) a sudden forceful blow, like some
thing heavy hitting a hard surface 砰然一声；撞击：We heard a
bump in the next room. 我们听到隔壁房间传来砰的一声。| He
fell off the bed and landed on the floor with a bump. 他从床上
0216
扑通一声滚到了地板上。2 a raised round swelling, often caused
by a blow 〔常指因撞击而成的〕肿块，瘤； a bump on his knee 他
膝盖上的肿块 3 a raised uneven area on a surface〔路面上〕隆
起之处：She had to drive slowly because of the bumps in the
road. 她不得不把车子开慢点，因为路面高低不平
bump·er1 /`bampe; 'bvmpe/ n 1 a bar fixed on the front or
back of a car to protect the car when it knocks against anything
〔汽车车身前后的)保险杠：The traffic was bumper-to-bumper
(=very close together) all the way home. 回家时一路上车子都
是一辆紧接着一辆。2 AmE for【美】=BUFFER'(1)
bumper2 adj [A] of unusually large size or amount 特大的；丰
盛的：a bumper crop/harvest/edition/pay increase 大丰收；印
数很大的一版；大大提高的薪酬
bumper3 n old use a full cup or glass【旧】满杯：a bumper of
ale一满杯淡色啤酒
bumper car /'· ·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] especially AmE a
small electric car which people drive while trying to hit other
cars in an enclosed space in an AMUSEMENT PARK【尤美】碰碰
×
bumper stick·er /'· ，·/ n AmE a small sign on the BUMPER
1) of a car, with a humorous, political, or religious message
【美】贴在汽车保险杠上的小标语 — compare 比较CAR STICKER
bump·kin /`bampkin; 'bampkàn/ also 又作 country bumpkin
n derog infml an awkward foolish person from the country
(rather than the city)【贬，非正式】乡下佬
bump. tious /`bampfes; 'bampfes/ adj derog noisily showing
your high opinion of yourself; CONCEITED【贬】自吹自擂的，自
高自大的，自负的：a bumptious young man 一个自高自大的年
轻人 | her bumptious manner 她的傲慢态度 — ~ly adv -
~ness n [U]
bump. y /`bampI: 'bampi/ adj with many BUMPS2(3); uneven
崎岖的，不平的：a bumpy ride 颠簸的旅程 |(fig. 喻) I think
we've got a bumpy road (=a period of difficulties) ahead of
us. 我觉得我们前面将要度过一段困难时期。- -ily ady - -iness
n[U]
bun /ban; ban/ n 1 BrE a small round sweet cake【英】小圆甜
(糕)饼2 AmE a small round kind of bread, usually plain but
sometimes sweetened【美】小圆（甜）面包 3 a mass of hair
twisted and fastened into a tight round shape at the back of the
head 〔盘在脑后的〕圆发髻：She wears her hair in a bun. 她把
头发盘成一个髻。4 have a 'bun in the oven old-fash humor
to be PREGNANT【过时，幽】怀孕，身怀六甲
*bunch1 /bantf; bantf/ n [(of)] 1 a number of things (usually
small and of the same kind) fastened, held, or growing together
at one point 一束，一捆，一丛，一扎，一簇：a bunch of flowers
grapes/keys 一束花；一串葡萄；一串钥匙 | The little girl wears
her hair in bunches. (=tied at each side of the back of the
head)那小女孩把头发扎成两束。2[+sing. /pl. v] infml a group
【非正式】一群，一伙：A bunch of girls was/were sitting on the
grass. 一群女孩坐在草地上。| My students are quite a nice
bunch. 我的学生确是一伙好孩子。| My friend John is the pick/
the best of the bunch. 我的朋友约翰是同伙中的佼佼者。3 a
bunch of fives BrE slang an act of hitting someone with your
closed hand;PUNCH【英俚】〔打人〕一拳
bunch2v [I: T (UP. TOGETHER)] to (cause to) form into one or
more bunches or close groups （使）聚成堆 [群]：The captain told
the players not to bunch (up) together, but to spread out over
the field. 队长告诉队员不要聚在一起，要在运动场上散开。|This
cloth bunches up, (=tends to gather into folds), 这种布料容易
皱起来[起折子]。| Traffic often bunches on the big highways. 
在干线公路上，交通往往十分拥挤。| The children were all
bunched together in the corner of the room. 孩子们全挤在房
间的角落里
bund /band; band/ n BrE a high man-made bank of earth built
to hide something such as ugly industrial buildings, to limit
noise from a MOTORWAY, or to protect from enemy attack【英】
〔为隔离难看的厂房、汽车噪音而建的〕土墙：〔阻挡敌人进攻的〕掩
体
Bun-des·bank, the /`bundez baenk; 'bundez. baenk/ the national
bank of Germany. Its decisions about rates of INTEREST (=the
additional amount you have to pay back when you borrow
money) have a lot of influence on interest rates in other Euro-
pean countries. 德意志联邦银行〔德国国家银行，它决定的利率对
其他欧洲国家的利率有很大影响
bun·dle' /`bandl; 'bandl/ n 1 [C (of)] a number of articles tied
fastened, or held together, usually across the middle 捆，把，
扎，束：a bundle of sticks 一捆棍子 | She tied up her few be-
longings into a bundle. 她把自己仅有的几件东西束成一捆。2[S]
slang a large sum of money【俚】一大笔钱：He must have made
a bundle out of selling that house. 他出售那座房屋一定赚了一
大笔钱。3 infml a bundle of in a state of【非正式】处于某种状
况之中：I'm so anxious I'm just a bundle of nerves. 
(=extremely nervous)我焦急得神经紧张极了。| She's not ex-
actly a bundle of fun/laughs. (=not at all amusing to be with)
她这个人并不容易相处
bundle2v1 [I+adv/prep; T+obj+adv/prep] to (cause to) move
or hurry in a rather quick and rough manner （使）匆促行动：They
arrested a man on the street and bundled him into a police
car. 他们在街上逮捕了一个人，并匆匆把他推上了警车。[They
bundled the children off to school, 他们匆匆把孩子们赶去上
学。| We all bundled into the taxi. 我们急急忙忙挤进了出租
车。2[T+obj+adv/prep] to put together or store hastily and
untidily 把··乱堆在一起，把··乱塞：She bundled her clothes
into a bag. 她把衣服往袋里乱塞。
bundle (sbdy. ) up phr v [I; T] to dress warmly 给（某人）穿
上暖和的衣服：She bundled (herself) up in several warm sweat-
ers before going out into the freezing cold. 外面天寒地冻，她
外出前穿上了几件暖和的毛线衣。
Bundt cake /`bant kek; 'bant keik/ trademark a sweet cake
shaped like a ring, made in a Bundt pan. In the US, a Bundt
cake is a typical gift that people take with them when they
visit a new neighbour. 【商标】邦特烤饼〔即用邦特烤盘烘制的环
形甜饼。在美国，它是人们拜访新邻居时所赠的典型礼物〕
Bundt pan /`bant paen; 'bant paen/ trademark a type of ring-
like baking pan with high sides and a hole in the middle, used
for baking cakes【商标】“邦特”牌烤盘〔一种边沿高起。中间留有
-孔的环形烤盘，用于烘制烤饼)：Pour the batter into a greased
Bundt pan. 将面糊倒入涂过油脂的邦特烤盘中
Bun-dy /`bandi; 'bandi/, Ted /ted; ted/ (1956-1989) a US man
who killed many young women in the 1970s and 1980s. He
was finally caught, and in 1989 he was executed (EXECUTE). 
(=officially killed)邦迪〔(1956-1989)，美国人，20世纪70、80
年代间曾谋杀了许多年轻女子，最终被擒获并于1989年处决
bung1 /ban; ban/ n a round piece of rubber, wood, or other
material used to close the hole in a container 塞子
bung2v[T] BrE infml to put, push, or throw, especially roughly
【英，非正式】投，推，掷，扔：He picked up a stone and bunged
it over the fence, 他拾起一块石头，扔过篱笆。| [+obj(i)+ob
(d)] Bung me a cigarette, will you?扔给我一支香烟，好吗？
bung sthg.  up phr v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] BrE
infml to block; stop up【英，非正式】阻塞，塞住：to bung up a
hole 塞住一个洞 | My nose is bunged up. 我的鼻子不通了。
bun·ga·low /`bange lo; 'bangeleo/ n 1 BrE a house which is
all on ground level. In Britain, many old people live in bunga-
lows. 【英】平房〔在英国，许多老人住在平房里〕— see colour pic
ture on page A17 参见A17页彩图 2 AmE a small house which
is usually all on ground level【美】单层小屋：多于一层的小屋
-see参见house(USAGE)
bun-gee jump·ing /^band3i, d3vmpIn; 'bvnd3i, d3vmpin/ n [U]
the sport of jumping from a very high place and falling almost
to the ground, when you are held by a long rope that stretches
a little 蹦极跳〔一种体育运动，即人从高处跳落，即将触及地面时
被系在双脚脚踝处的一根略有弹性的长绳拉起
bung-hole /`bvn hol; 'bvnheul/ n a hole for emptying or fill-
ing a barrel 桶孔，桶口
bun·gle /`bvng]; 'bvngal/ v [T] to do badly; BOTCH 做坏，搞糟
to bungle a job 把工作搞糟 - bungle n - bungler n
bun-ion /banjen; 'banjen/ n a painful red swelling on the first
joint of the big toe 拇趾囊肿
bunk1 /bank; bank/ n 1 a narrow bed that is usually fixed to the
wall(as on a ship or train)〔船或火车上的)靠壁床铺，铺位，卧
铺 2 also 又作 bunk bed /' / - either of a pair of beds that
are placed one above the other 双层床的一层
bunk2v [I+adv/prep, especially DOWN] infml to sleep; have
one's sleeping-place【非正式】睡（在床铺上）；有床铺睡：She
bunked (down) with some friends/on a sofa for the night. 她
和几个朋友一起睡：她睡在沙发上过夜
bunk3 n [U] slang nonsense; BUNKUM【俚】瞎说，废话：That's a
load of bunk. 那是满口胡言。
bunk4 n do a bunk BrE slang to run away; leave, especially
when one should not【英，俚】逃跑；擅自离开，开小差
bunk5 ν
bunk off phr v [I] BrE slang【英，俚】1 to leave in a hurry or
when one should not 仓皇离去，擅自离开 2 to stay away from
school without permission; play TRUANT 逃学
bun. ker /`banke; 'bvnke/ n 1 a place for storing coal, espe-
cially on a ship or outside a house 〔尤指屋外或船上的)煤仓 2 a
strongly built shelter for soldiers, especially one built mainly
underground with openings for guns〔士兵用的)掩体，地堡，掩
蔽壕 3 BrE【英】‖trap, sand trap AmE【美】- (in GOLF) a
0217
place dug out and filled with sand, from which it is hard to hit
the ball〔高尔夫球场的〕沙坑
Bunker, Archie /atfi; 'a:tfi/ one of the main characters in the
humorous US television programme from the 1970s called All
in the Family. Archie Bunker is a working-class man who is
very proud of being American, always thinks that he is right, 
and believes that foreign people should not be allowed to live
in the US because they will change it too much. People some
times use 'Archie Bunker'as a name for anvone who has simi-
lar strong opinions. There was a similar character on British
television called Alf GARNETT. 邦克〔美国20世纪70年代电视
喜剧《合家上下》的主要人物之一。阿奇·邦克是一名以身为美国人
而极其自豪的工人阶级男子，他一直相信自己是正确的，并认为外
国人不应获准在美国居住，因为他们会大大改变这个国家。人们有
时用“阿奇·邦克”指拥有相同激进观点的人，英国电视上也有一个
类似的人物叫作阿尔夫·加尼特
Bunker Hill, the Battle of /，. '/ the first main battle of the
AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR, in Boston, Massachusetts in
1775. Although the British army won the battle, the American
COLONIsTs killed and wounded more than 1000 British soldiers
and proved that their army was more powerful and effective
than the British expected them to be. 邦克山战役〔1775年发生
在马萨诸塞州波士顿的美国独立战争第一场主要战役。尽管英国
军队获得胜利，但是美国殖民地居民打死打伤了1000多名英军士
兵，从而证明了他们的军队要比英国人预料的更强大、善战
bunkhouse /`bank haus; 'bvnkhaus/n -houses /-hauziz;-hauzz/
a building where workers sleep, for those who have to live at
their place of work 工棚；简易工人宿舍
bun-kum /`bankem; 'bankem/ n [U] slang foolish talk; nonsense
【俚】废话，胡说八道
bunk-up /'· ·/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] BrE infml a push up
from below to help someone climbing【英，非正式】〔帮助别人
攀登时向上的)一推，一托：I want to have a look over the wall
-— can you give me a bunk-up?我要看看墙的另一边，你能托
我一把吗？
bun·ny /`bani; 'bani/ 1 also 又作 bunny rab·bit /'·，·/ -—
(used especially by or to children) a rabbit 〔（儿语〕兔子 2 AmE
【美】not a happy bunny 不开心 — see 参见 not a happ:
camper(CAMPER(3))
bunny girl /'·/ n a waitress, especially in a night club, who
wears a special COSTUME with long ears and a furry tail like a
rabbit's 兔女郎〔打扮成兔子模样的（夜总会）女招待〕
buns /banz; banz/ n [P] infml a person's BUTTOCKS (=the part
of the body they sit on), used especially to talk about their
shape or the condition of the muscles【非正式】屁股，臀部〔尤
其在谈论其形状和肌肉时使用)：some exercises to help you have
great buns 做点运动有助你臀部结实
Bun·sen burn·er /`bansn `b3na;, bansan 'b3:ne/ also 又作
Bunsen-n a gas apparatus that produces a hot smokeless
flame for use in practical scientific work 本生灯〔实验时用的
·种煤气灯〕
bunt /bant; bant/ n a deliberately short hit in the game of
BASEBALL〔棒球比赛中的〕触击 - bunt ν [I]: He bunted to
ward thiro base. 他朝三垒触击。
Bun-ter /`bante; 'bante'/, Billy the main character in children's
stories by Frank Richards about life in an English PUBLIC
SCHOOL(=a private school where the students live as well as
study). Bunter is a fat stupid boy with glasses who loves eat-
ing and is always getting into trouble. 邦特〔弗兰克·理查德所
著有关英国公学生活的儿童读物中的主人公。他是个又胖又蠢的
小男孩，戴眼镜，爱吃，老是惹麻烦〕
bun·ting /`bantin; 'bantin/ n [U] small paper or cloth flags
tied together on a string and used as decorations for special
occasions〔用绳子穿成一连串的〕小彩旗
Bun·u·el /`bunjusl; 'bu:njuel/, Lu·is /lu`is; lu:'i:s/ (1900-1983
a Spanish film director known for his dreamlike images and
humorous attacks on the Catholic Church and middle-class
moral values. His films include Le Charme Discret De La
Bourgeoisie and Cet Obscur Objet Du Desir. 布努埃尔〔(1900-
1983), 西班牙电影导演，以其梦幻般的镜头及对天主教会和中产
阶级道德价值观幽默的抨击而闻名，影片包括《资产阶级审慎的魅
力》和《欲望的不可捉摸的对象》〕
Bun·yan /`banjen; 'banjen/, John (1628-1688) an English
PREACHER who wrote The PILGRIM'S PROGRESS while he was
in prison for his beliefs 班扬〔(1628-1688)，英国传道士，因其
信仰而入狱，期间著有《天路历程》一书〕
Bunyan, Paul /pol; po:l/ a GIANT (=an extremely large man) in
old American stories. He was a LUMBERJACK (=someone whose
job is to cut down trees) from the forests of Canada and the
north US, who travelled with a blue OX called Babe. They
changed the shape of the land as they walked along, e. g. by
making mountains and also the GRAND CANYON. 班扬〔美国古
老传说中的巨人，带着蓝牛娃娃在加拿大和美国北部森林里伐木。
他们所经之处，改变地貌，如耸起高山，或造就大峡谷)
buoy'/bor; boi/ n a floating object fastened to the bottom of the
sea, e. g. to show ships where there are rocks 浮标，航标 — see
also 另见 LIFE BUOY
buoy2v [T(UP) usually pass. 一般用被动语态] 1 to keep float-
ing 使浮起：buoyed by the water 浮在水面 2 to support; keep
high 支持；维持；支撑：profits buoyed (up) by a steady increase
in demand 因需求稳步增长而维持在高水平的利润 3 to raise the
spirits of; make confident 振奋··的精神；使具有信心；鼓励：They
were buoyed up by hopes of success. 成功的希望使他们受到
鼓舞。
buoy. an. cy /`borensi; 'borensi/ n [U] 1 the tendency of an ob-
ject to float, or to rise when pushed down into a liquid〔物体在
液体里的〕浮性：the buoyancy of light wood 轻质木材的浮性
2 the power of a liquid to make an object float 浮力：the buoy-
ancy of water 水的浮力 3 the ability to recover quickly from
disappointment, bad news etc〔从失望、噩耗等中)恢复正常的能
力，恢复乐观 4 the ability, e. g. of prices or business activity, to
remain or return quickly to a high level after a period of
difficulty〔价格、营业状况等的〕维持力；恢复力；上涨行情；增长
趋势：the buoyancy of the American market 美国市场的复苏
buoy·ant /`boient; 'boient/ adj showing buoyancy 有浮力的；轻
松愉快的，开朗的；容易复原的：Cork is a very buoyant material. 
软木是极易浮起的材料。| a buoyant mood 愉快的心情| a
buoyant economy/stockmarket欣欣向荣的经济；行情看涨的证
券市场 — ~ly adv
BUPA /`bupe; 'bu:pe/ abbrev, for 缩写= British United Provi-
dent Association; a company which sells private health insur-
ance and runs its own hospitals outside the National Health
Service 保柏保险公司，英国有远见者联合会〔一家提供私人健康
保险的公司，它开设的医院不属于国民保健制度的范围)：Are you
in(=insured by)BUPA?你投保了英国保柏保险公司吗？
1
bur /b3;b3:/ n a BURR2刺果（壳），针球
Bur-ber. ry /`b3 beri; 'b3:bari/ trademark an expensive type of
RAINCOAT, made from a special cloth with the same name【商
标】“柏帛丽”牌雨衣〔以同名布料制成〕
bur·ble /`b3·bl; 'b3:bal/‖also 又作 bubble AmE【美】-—v1 [I]
to make a sound like a stream flowing over stones 发出汩汩声
潺潺而流 2 [I (ON, AWAY); T] to talk or say quickly but fool-
ishly or in a way that is hard to hear clearly 嘟嘟囔囔地说话；滔
滔不绝地说：He would burble on/burble away for hours about
his stamp collection. 谈起自己的集邮，他可以滔滔不绝地讲上
几个小时。| She quickly burbled her thanks and left the room
她仓促地嘟囔了一句道谢之后，就离开了房间
burbs /b3bz; b3:bz/ n [the] AmE infml for【美，非正式】=
SUBURBS: I know, you'll just get married and live in the burbs
lke everybody else!我知道, 你也会和所有其他人一样, 结婚并
住到郊区去！
bur·den1 /`b3dn; 'b3:dn/ n fml【正式】1 [C] something that is
carried; a load 担子；负荷：a heavy burden 很重的负担 — see
also 另见 BEAST OF BURDEN 2 [C] a heavy duty or responsibil-
ity which is hard to bear 重担，负担：divorced parents who
have to bear/carry the burden of maintaining two households
必须挑起维持两个家庭担子的离婚父母 | People on high in
comes face a huge tax burden. 高收入的人面临巨额税款的重
负。| the burdens of high office 高级官员的重大职责 3 [the+S
(of)] the main subject or point 要点，要旨，主旨：The burden of
his complaint was that. . 他投诉的要点是··
burden2y [T(with)] to load or trouble 装载货物于；使背负；使
苦恼；使麻烦：I will not burden you with a lengthy account of
what happened. 我不想把事情的经过详加叙述，免得给你增加麻
烦。| burdened with heavy taxation 负担很重的捐税 — see
also 另见 UNBURDEN
burden of proof /，·· '·/ n [the+S] the duty or responsibility of
proving something 举证责任：The burden of proof lies with
the person who makes the charge. 提供证据是控方的责任。
bur·den·some /`b3dnsem; 'b3:dnsam/ adj fml causing or be-
ing a burden; ONEROUS【正式】沉重的，成为负担的，累赘的；令
人烦恼的：burdensome duties 繁重的职务
bu·reau /`bjuro; 'bjuereu/ n bureaux /`bjuroz; 'bjuereuz/ 1
BrE a large desk or writing-table with a wooden cover which
shuts or slides over the top to close it【英】〔附有开闭式或滑动
式木盖的〕大书桌，大写字台2 AmE for【美】= CHEST OF DRAW
ERS 3 an office or organization that collects and/or provides
facts 提供或收集消息的机构：an information bureau 问讯处
4 especially AmE a division of a government department【尤
美】〔政府部门的〕司；局：处；署
0218
bu·reauc·ra·cy /bju`rakresi; bjua'rpkresi/ n usually derog【-
般贬】1 [S] a group of government, business, or other officials
who are appointed rather than elected 官僚〔指委派而非选举之
政府官员的总称)；工商业的高级管理人员：the Civil Service
bureaucracy 公务员官僚架构 2 [C;U](a system of) govern-
ment by such officials 官僚制度，官僚政治3[U] a system of
doing things officially which is annoyingly and unnecessarily
difficult to understand or deal with and usually ineffective官
僚主义（架构），官僚主义作风：the company bureaucracy 公司
官僚式的繁文缛节
bu·reau. crat /`bjure kraet; 'bjuarekraet/n usually derog a mem
ber of a bureaucracy【一般贬】官僚，官僚主义者：官僚作风的
人
bu. reau. crat. ic /，bjuro`kraetik;, bjuare'kraetik/ adj usually
derog of or like a bureaucracy or a bureaucrat【一般贬】（像）官
僚的；官僚主义的；官僚作风的：bureaucratic rules 官僚主义的规
则| In this company you have to go through complex bu-
reaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil. 在这个公司里
即使是领一支新铅笔，也必须通过烦琐拖拉的手续。 — ~ally/-klr
-kli/ adv
bureau de change /`bjuro de `fand3; bjuareu de 'fond3/n Fr
an office or shop where people can change foreign money into
local money or change local money into foreign money【法】外
币兑换所[店]
Bureau of In. di·an Af·fairs, the /. ··. ·. '/ also 又作 the
BIA - n a US government organization which is concerned
with the WELFARE and education of Native Americans and with
other legal matters concerning RESERVATIONS (=areas set aside
for Native Americans to live on)印第安人事务局〔美国政府机
构，负责处理印第安人福利事务和教育事务，以及有关印第安人居
留地法律事务〕
bur·geon /`b3d3en; 'b3:d3an/ v [I] fml to grow or develop
quickly【正式】急速成长[发展]：the burgeoning home computer
industry 迅速发展的家用电脑工业
burg. er /`b3-g; 'b3:ge/ n 1 a round flat cake mainly of meat
often contained in a bread roll; a HAMBURGER 汉堡包 2 -burger:
a a HAMBURGER in which the meat is covered with the stated
substance 肉片加上某种物料的汉堡包：a cheeseburger 乳酪肉
饼汉堡包 b something like a HAMBURGER, but made of a dif-
ferent substance 类似汉堡包但夹心不同的饼子：a nutburger果
仁包| a soyaburger 大豆包
burger bar /'. / n BrE a type of restaurant selling burgers, 
where food is ordered from a bar【英】〔直接在柜台点食物的〕
汉堡包店
Burger King /'. / trademark a restaurant in the US and many
other countries, which serves HAMBURGERS and other types of
FAST FOOD【商标】“汉堡王”餐厅〔出售汉堡包和其他快餐食品的
家餐厅，在美国和其他国家都有连锁店〕
bur·gess /`b3·d3is: 'b3:d3s/ n old use or pomp a free man of a
city or country, having the right to elect representatives to the
government【旧或夸张】〔英国自治市有选举权的〕市民，公民
Burgess, Guy (1911-1963) an Englishman who was a SPY for
the former Soviet Union and escaped there in 1951 伯吉斯
〔(1911-1963)，英国人，前苏联间谍，1951年逃往前苏联〕-see
also 另见 Anthony BLUNT, Donald MACLEAN, Kim PHILBY
burgh /b3g; 'bvre/ n ScotE for【苏格兰】= BOROUGH
bur-gher /`b3ge; 'b3:ge/ n often humor a person who lives in
a particular town【常幽】〔自治市的)市民：Their wild behaviour
outraged the respectable burghers of Oxford. 他们的粗野行
为激怒了一向爱体面的牛津市民
bur. glar /`b3gle: 'b3:gle/ n a thief who breaks into houses
shops etc with the intention of stealing, especially during the
night. Humorous drawings of burglars show them wearing
striped(STRIPE) jumpers and carrying a large bag marked SWAC
(=things they have stolen). 〔尤指夜间入屋行窃的〕小偷，窃贼〔幽
默画中他们身穿横条套头衫，肩背标有“赃物”字样的大袋〕— see
also 另见 CAT BURGLAR; compare 比较 HOUSEBREAKER, 
ROBBER, THIEF
burglar a-larm /'·/n an apparatus that makes a loud warn
ing noise, or operates a warning system at a police station etc, 
when a thief breaks into a building 防盗警报器[铃]
bur. glar. ize /`b3-gleraiz; 'b3:gleraiz/ v AmE for【美】= BURGLE
bur·glar·v /`b3gleri: 'b3:gleri/ n [C; U] (an example of) the
crime of entering a building (especially a home) by force with
the intention of stealing 入室盗窃（罪）
bur·gle /`b3·gl; 'b3:gal/ also 又作 burglarize AmE【美】--ν[T]
to break into a building and steal from (it or the people in it)入
室盗窃，闯入··行窃：Their house was burgled while they were
away on holiday. 他们去度假时，家里被盗了
Bur-gun. dy /b3-gendi; 'b3:gendi/ n [C; U] a red or white wine
from the Burgundy area of eastern France. Some of the most
expensive wines in the world come from this area. 勃艮第红
[白]葡萄酒〔产于法国东部，世界上某些最昂贵的葡萄酒即产于勃
艮第地区〕
*bur. i. al /`beriel; 'beriel/ n [C; U] the act or ceremony of putting
a dead body into a grave 埋葬；葬礼：a burial site/ground 墓址
墓地
burk /b3k; b3:k/ n a BERK 傻瓜
Burke /b3k; b3:k/, Ed·mund /8dmend; 'edmend/(1729-1797)
a British Whig politician, born in Dublin, Ireland. He wrote
many works of political THEORY and was also a great speaker
伯克〔(1729-1797)，英国辉格党政治家，生于爱尔兰的都柏林，曾
撰写过不少政治理论方面的著作。他也是一位伟大的演说家〕
Burke and Hare /. '/ two men in 19th century Edinburgh
who robbed graves and killed at least 15 people in order to sell
dead bodies to be cut up by medical scientists_伯克和黑尔〔19
世纪爱丁堡的两名盗墓人，他们为把尸体卖给医学家解剖而盗墓，
并至少杀死了15人
Burke's Peer. age / '. / a book that gives details of all the
NOBLE families in the UK who have special titles like 'Duke'
and‘Earl’《伯克氏系谱》〔一本介绍英国公爵、伯爵等贵族的书
籍〕
Bur-ki-na Fa. so /burkine faeso; bue ki:ne 'faeseu/ a very poor
dry country in W Africa, to the north of Ghana and the east
of Mali, which was formerly called Upper Volta. Population:
9, 810, 000(1993). Capital: Ouagadougou. 布基纳法索〔位于非
洲西部的一个极其贫困干旱的国家，与加纳北部和马里东部接壤
旧称上沃尔特。人口：9, 810. 000(1993)，首都：瓦加杜古)
bur·lap /`b3laep; 'b3:laep/ n [U] AmE for【美】= HESSIAN
bur·lesque1 /ba`lask; b3:'lesk/ n 1 [C; U] speech, acting, or
writing in which a serious subject is made to seem foolish or
an unimportant subject is treated solemnly as a joke 讽刺性或
滑稽性的文字、讲话或演出：a burlesque of a famous poem 对
·首名诗讽刺性的模仿 2[U](formerly in the US) VARIETY(4)
usually including STRIPTEASE〔以往美国的〕杂耍〔常包括脱衣
舞〕
burlesque2v [T] to cause to appear amusing by means of
burlesque〔用夸张、模仿手法〕讽刺，嘲笑，使滑稽化：to burlesque
a writerla poem 讽刺一位作者；讥笑一首诗
bur·ly /`b3li; 'b3:li/ adj (of a person) strongly and heavily built
(人)壮实的，魁梧的：a big burly construction worker 一位壮
实的建筑工人 - -liness n[U]
Bur. ma /`b3me; 'b3:me/ the former name of MYANMAR, a coun
try in east Asia. Burma is the name preferred by the National
League for Democracy, led by AUNG SAN SUU KYI. 缅甸(旧称
Myanmar, 东亚国家。由昂山素季领导的全国民主联盟偏爱 Burma
这个国名〕
Burma Road, the /· / a road leading from Burma (Myanmar)
to China, which was used during World War II to supply Al-
lied forces in China 缅甸公路，滇缅公路〔由缅甸通往中国的
条公路，第二次世界大战期间被用作驻中国盟军的补给线
Burma shave /'. / trademark a type of SHAVING CREAM that
used to be very popular in the US. It is remembered especially
for its clever advertisements which appeared on BILLBOARDS
(=large signs) next to busy roads. Each billboard contained
one sentence from an advertising SLOGAN, and as people
drove past them they eventually read the whole slogan. 【商
标】“伯马”牌剃须膏〔过去在美国极畅销的一种剃须膏，其设置在
繁忙公路旁的公告牌上巧妙的连续广告给人印象很深刻。每块公
告牌上都写有一句广告标语，人们驱车经过最终能读完其全部广
告词〕
*burn1 /b3n; b3:n/ v burnt /b3nt; b3:nt/ or burned 1 [I]
(especially of wood, coal, paper etc) to give out heat, light, 
and gases 燃烧：Is the fire still burning?火还在烧着吗？ | This
type of coal does not burn very easily. 这种煤不容易烧着。| a
burning matck 燃着的火柴 2 [I; T] to (cause to) be on fire. 
especially to destroy or be destroyed by fire(使)烧起来，焚烧，
烧毁； The house is burning -- call the fire brigade! 房子烧起
来了 ——快叫消防队！ | I burnt all his old letters. 我把他的旧
信付之一炬。| The house was burnt to ashes/burnt to the
ground. (=completely destroyed by fire)房子被烧成了灰烬。
Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake. (=killed by burning)圣女
贞德被活活烧死在火刑柱上。|(fig. 喻) That ￡100 is burning
a hole in his pocket. (=he wants to spend it)他老想花掉口袋
里那100英镑。3 [I; T] to (cause to) be hurt or damaged, by
fire or heat （使）烧 [烫]伤 [坏]，（使） 烤焦：I've burnt my hand. 
我烧[烫]伤了手。| The toast has burnt. 面包烤焦了。| burnt
by the sun 被太阳晒黑[伤]了 | You burnt a hole in my skirt
with your cigarette. 你的香烟头把我的裙子烧了个洞。4 [I] to
produce light; shine 发光，照亮：a light burning in the window
0219
窗子里亮着的灯光 5 [T] to use for power, heating, or lighting
点，烧：lamps that burn oil 点油的灯 | a coal-burning ship 烧
煤的轮船 6 [T](of a chemical) to damage or destroy; CORRODE
(化学品)损坏；烧毁，腐蚀：The technician's overalls were burnt
by acid. 技术员的工作服被酸烧坏了。7 [I] to produce or expe
rience an unpleasant hot feeling 使发烧：刺痛：感觉火辣[灼热. 
刺痛]：I'm afraid the ointment will burn a bit. 恐怕这种油膏会
使皮肤有灼热感。| My ears were burning after being out in
the cold wind. 我在外面让寒风一吹，耳朵感到火辣辣的。8[1
(with) especially in progressive forms 尤用于进行式] to ex-
perience a very strong feeling 〔情感上〕因··而兴奋；充满··；渴
望；因··而发怒；因··而激动：burning with anger/desire 怒火
中烧；产生强烈的欲火| [+to-v] She is burning to tell you the
news. 她心急如焚地要告诉你这条消息。9 [I+ady/prep] to travel
at high speed 高速行进：We burned up the motorway. 我们在
高速公路上高速驾驶。| supersonic planes burning through
the stratosphere 在同温层中疾飞的超音速飞机 10 [T] to lose
a lot of money, especially in a business deal〔尤指生意上)亏损
严重：A lot of people got burned buying junk bonds, 许多人因
购买垃圾债券而损失惨重。11 [T] to lose confidence in another
person because they have done something to hurt you〔因受过
其伤害而〕对某人失去信心：He's been burned in his relation-
ships with womer before. 他吃过女人的亏。 12 burn your
boats/bridges infml to destroy all means of going back, so
that you must go forward【非正式】破釜沉舟，自绝后路，背城借
13 burn your fingers also 又作 get your 'fingers burnt --
infml to suffer the unpleasant results of a foolish action【非正
式】自作自受；自食其果：George got his fingers badly burnt when
the firm went out of business. 乔治的商行倒闭了，他因而吃了
大亏。14 burn the candle at both ends infml to work or be
active from very early until very late; use up all your strength
by trying to do too many different things; get too little rest【非
正式】夜以继日；废寝忘食；过分消耗精力，体力耗尽15 burn the
midnight oil infml to work or study until late at night【非正
式】读书[工作]到深夜，开夜车
USAGE 用法说明 In British English the past tense anc
participle burned is usually only used when the verb is
intransitive, 英国英语通常只把 burned 这个过去式和过去
分词用于不及物的场合：The fire burned brightly, (火烧得
通红。)| The love of freedom burned in their hearts. (他
们的心中燃烧着渴望自由的火焰。)Compare 比较：I've
burnt my hand. (我烧伤了手。) | He burnt her letters
(他把她的来信付之一炬。)In American English burned is
used both when the verb is intransitive and when it is tran-
itive and burnt is not used very much. 美国英语中该词作
为不及物动词和及物动词时都使用 burned, burnt 则不常
用。
burn away phr v [I; T(=burn sthg. away)] to destroy or
be destroyed by burning; make or become less or nothing as a
result of fire 烧毁；烧光，烧掉：The pile of paper burnt away to
nothing. 这堆纸烧成了灰烬
burn down phr v 1 [I; T (=burn sthg.  down)] to destro
(usually a building)or be destroyed by fire〔常指建筑物〕全部
(被)焚毁：The building (was) burnt down and only ashes were
left. 那座楼烧得只剩下灰烬。2 [I] also 又作 burn low -
(especially of a fire)to flame less brightly or strongly as the
coal, wood etc is used up〔在煤炭、木头等烧完时〕火力减弱，火
头变小 — compare 比较 BURN out, BURN up
burn sthg.  off phr v [T] to destroy by burning 烧掉：His
hair was burnt off. 他的头发被烧掉了。| The farmers are burn-
ing off the stubble from the fields. 农民在把田里的谷物残茬烧
掉。
burn out phr v 1 [T usually pass. 一般用被动语态] (burn
sthg. out) to make hollow by fire 烧空：The building was burnt
out and only the walls remained. 房屋烧空了，仅余四壁。| the
burni-out shell of a building建筑物烧剩的空壳 — compare
比较 BURN down, BURN up 2 [I; T(=burn sthg. out)] to stop
itself) burning because there is nothing left to burn 烧完自灭
燃尽：That small fire can be left to burn (itself) out. 那堆小
火，让它自己烧完了吧。3 [I;T (=burn sthg. out)] to (cause to)
stop working through damage caused by heat 〔由于过热而)（使）
烧坏：The engine has/is burnt out. 发动机（被）烧坏了。4 [T
(burn sbdy, out)] to ruin your health and stop being active
through too much work, pressure, alcohol etc （元气）大伤，（精
力)耗尽：You'll burn yourself out if you work so hard. 你这样
拼命工作，会把身体搞垮的。|a burnt-out poet 才思枯竭的诗
人5 [I](of a ROCKET, JET etc) to use up all its FUEL and stop
operating〔火箭、喷射机等〕燃料耗尽 — see also 另见 BURNOUT
burn up phr v1 [I] to flame more brightly or strongly 旺起
来，烧起来：Put some more wood on the fire to make it burn
up. 加点木柴，使火烧得更旺。2 [I;T(=burn sthg. → up)] to
destroy or be destroyed completely by fire or great heat 烧毁，
烧尽：All the wood has been burnt up. 所有木柴都烧完了。
The rocket burnt up when it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. 
火箭在返回大气层中焚毁。 — compare 比较 BURN down, BURN
out 3 [T (burn sbdy.  up)] slang to fill (someone's) mind
completely; OBSESS【俚】使〔某人〕充满··；使着迷：He was burnt
up with jealousy. 他妒火中烧。4 [T (burn sbdy. ← up)] to
make angry 激怒，使某人生气：The way he treats her really
burns me up. 他对待她的那种方式着实让我生气
*burn2n 1 a hurt place or mark produced (as if) by burning
伤，烫伤；火伤；烧痕，烙印：She was treated for/She suffered
severe burn, . 她因灼伤而接受治疗;她灼伤得很严重。| rope
burns 被绳索磨伤 | a burn on the surface of the table 桌面的
烧痕 |first-degree burns 第一度灼伤 2 an act of firing the
motors of a spacecraft 太空船发动机的点火：a short burn 短时
间的发动机点火
burn3n especially ScotE a small stream【尤苏格兰】溪流，小川
Burne-Jones /b3n `d3onz; b3:n 'd3eunz/, Edward (1833
1898)a British painter who was one of the PRE-RAPHAELITES
He often painted women with pale skin and long red hair. He
also worked in TAPESTRY (=heavy cloth with pictures woven
into them) and STAINED GLASS. 伯恩一琼斯〔(1833-1898)，英
国拉斐尔前派画家，其作品中的女性常有着苍白的皮肤和长长的红
发。他还为挂毯和教堂的彩色玻璃画设计图案)
burn·er /`b3na; 'b3:ne/ n 1 (often in comb. 常构成复合词) a
person or thing that burns, especially the part of a cooker, heater
etc, that produces flames 烧火的人，火夫；燃烧器[炉]；炉头，火
眼； a two-burner stove 两个火眼的煤气炉 2 put something on
the back burner to delay dealing with something until a later
time 暂时搁置某事稍后才处理 — see also 另见 BUNSEN BURNER;
see 参见 COOK (USAGE)
Bur. nett /b3`nct; b3:'net/, Fran. ces Hodg. son /`fraensis
`had3sn; 'fra:nss 'hod3san/ (1849-1924) an American writer
born in England, best known for her children's books Little
Lord fauntleroy and The Secret Garden伯内特(1849-
1924), 出生于英国的美国作家，其儿童读物《方特勒罗伊小爵爷》
和《秘密花园》最为出名〕
burn-ing /^`b3·nin; 'b3:nin/ adj [A] 1 on fire 燃烧着的：a burn
ing house 正在燃烧的房屋 | (fig. 喻) burning cheeks (=cheeks
that are hot and red)通红发烫的双颊 |(fig. 喻) a burning
(=very strong) interest in science 对科学的强烈兴趣 |(fig. 
喻) a burning ambition 雄心勃勃 2 producing a sensation
of great heat or fire 发热的，烫手的，火辣辣的：a burning fe-
ver 发高烧 | a burning sensation on the tongue 舌头上火辣
辣的感觉 | burning sands 烫脚的沙子 3 very important
and urgent 极重要的；紧急的：Mass unemployment is one of
the burning questions/issues of our time. 大量失业是我们
时代亟急待解决的问题之一。4 the boy stood on the burn-
ing deck quote a well-known phrase from a poem by Felicia
Hemans【引】男孩站在燃烧的甲板上〔费利西娅·赫门兹诗中的
名句〕
bur. nish /`b3nif; 'b3:nif/v [T] to polish (especially metal), usu-
ally with something hard and smooth 〔尤指金属〕磨，打磨，抛
光擦亮；使光滑：burnished brass 磨光的黄铜
bur·nous, burnouse ‖also 又作 burnoose AmE【美】/ba`nus;
b3:'nu:s/ - n a long one-piece loose outer garment worn by
Arabs, with a soft covering for the head, neck, and shoulders
〔阿拉伯人穿的〕带包头巾的宽松外衣
burn·out /`b3n aut; 'b3:naut/ n [C; U] 1 the moment when the
engine of a ROCKET or JET uses up all its FUEL and stops
operating〔火箭等燃料用尽时的〕熄火 2 a state in which your
health has been ruined by too much work, pressure etc 〔过多的
工作、压力等导致〕健康的丧失，精疲力竭
Burns /b3nz; b3:nz/, George (1896-1996) a US COMEDIAN and
ACTOR who was popular in VAUDEVILLE, on radio, and on
television. He was known for always smoking a cigar and for
talking to the AUDIENCE (=the people watching). 伯恩斯〔(1896-
1996), 美国喜剧表演家和演员，在综艺节目、广播、电视节目中广
受欢迎，以抽雪茄烟和与观众谈话而闻名〕
Burns, Rob-ert /rabot; 'robet/ (1759-1796) a Scottish poet
who wrote in the SCOTS dialect and is regarded as Scotland's
national poet. He wrote about love, country life, and national
pride, and his best-known poems include Tam o'Shanter and
To a Mouse. Scottish people all over the world celebrate his
birthday on 25 January, Burns Night. 彭斯〔(1759-1796)，苏
格兰诗人。他以苏格兰方言写作，被视为苏格兰民族诗人，其诗歌
以爱情、乡村生活和民族自豪感为题材，最出名的诗歌包括《汤姆·
0220
奥桑特》和《致小鼠》。世界各地的苏格兰人于每年的1月25日
即“彭斯之夜”纪念他的诞辰
burnt /b3nt; b3:nt/ past tense and`participle of BURN'— see参
见BURN1(USAGE)
burnt of·fer·ing /，. '·. /n 1 something (usually a plant or animal)
which is burnt as an offering to a god 燔祭，供品〔炙熟以祭神
之牲畜或果菜)2 humor food that has been accidentally burnt
during cooking【幽】烧焦的食物
burp /b3p; b3:p/ v infml【非正式】1 [I] to BELCH 打嗝 2 [T] to
help (a baby) to get rid of stomach gas, especially by rubbing
or gently striking the back帮助（婴儿）打嗝（尤指按摩或轻拍其
背部〕-burp n
burr' /b3; b3:/ n [S] 1 a long loud sound of humming (HUM1)
嗡嗡声；嘎嘎声：the burr of a sewing machine 缝纫机的嘎嘎声
2 a way of pronouncing English with a strong 'r'-sound 〔发英
语 “r”音时颤动小舌的)粗喉音: She speaks with a soft rural
burr. 她说话时带有柔和的乡间粗喉音。
ourr2, bur n a seed-container of certain plants, covered with
PRICKLES which make it stick onto clothes〔某些植物〕带芒刺
的种子壳，刺果，针球
Bur-rell Col-lec. tion /`barel ke lckfn; 'bvrel ke lekfan/ an art
collection in Glasgow in Scotland, given to the city by Sir
William Burrell 伯勒尔艺术收藏品〔即由威廉·伯勒尔爵士捐赠
给格拉斯哥市的艺术收藏品〕
bur-ri. to /be`rito; be'ri:teo/ n-tos a type of hot SANDWICH made
with a TORTILLA which is folded around meat or beans and
cheese〔卷上肉或豆子和干酪的一种〕玉米面饼
bur. ro /b3o; 'bureu/ n -ros especially AmE a DONKEY, usu
ally a small one【尤美】小毛驴
Bur-roughs /`baroz; 'bvreuz/, Ed gar Rice /`dge rais; 'edge
rais/(1875-1950) a US writer, known for his stories about
TARZAN 巴勒斯〔(1875-1950)，美国作家，以其关于“泰山”的故
事而闻名〕
Burroughs, William (1914-1997) a US writer who wrote about
subjects such as drugs, death, and HOMOSEXUALITY. His most
famous novel is The Naked Lunch (1959)，巴勒斯〔 (1914-
1997), 美国作家，以毒品、死亡和同性恋为写作题材，最著名的小
说为《裸体午餐》(1959)〕
bur. row' /`b3o; 'bareu/ n a hole in the ground made by an
animal, especially a rabbit, as a place to live in〔动物，尤指免
子所掘的〕地洞，洞穴
burrow2ν1 [I+adv/prep; T] to make or move by digging 掘
洞；钻洞； The rabbits burrowed into the hillside/under the
fence. 兔子在山腰上掘洞；兔子在篱笆下打洞。| to burrow a
hole 挖洞 | They burrowed their way under the hill. 他们
在山下钻洞前进。2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to move or press as if
looking for warmth, safety, or love(使)钻进. ·，（使）偎依于. 
She burrowec her head into my shoulder, 她把头紧靠在我
的肩膀上。3 [I+adv/prep] to search for something as if by
digging 寻找，翻找：She burrowed into her pocket for a
handkerchiet. 她把手伸进口袋去找手帕。| What are you
burrowing around in my drawer for?你在我的抽屉里乱翻
什么？
bur. sar /`b3sa; 'b3:se'/ n especially BrE a person in a college
or school who is responsible for the accounts, buildings etd
【尤英】〔大中学校〕掌管财务[财产]的人
bur·sa·ry /^`b3·seri: 'b3:seri/ n especially BrE【尤英】1 a bursar's
office 财务处 2 a SCHOLARSHIP(1)奖学金
*burst1 /b3st; b3:st/ v burst 1 [I; T] to (cause to) break open or
break apart suddenly and violently, usually as a result of pres
sure from within and often causing the contents to become
widely scattered(使)破裂；（使）爆裂；（使）爆炸；（使）胀破：We
drove over some glass and one of our tyres burst. 我们驶过一
些玻璃碎片，汽车的一只轮胎就爆裂了。| After ten days of rain
the river burst its banks and flooded the vallev. 一连下了 10
天雨之后，河水冲决了堤岸，淹没了河谷。| to burst a balloon
吹炸了气球 |(fig. 喻) You'll burst if you eat any more of that
cake. 如果你再吃蛋糕，你的肚子要胀破的。|(fig. 喻)The storm
burst (=suddenly started) and we all got wet. 暴风雨突然袭
来，我们都淋湿了。| (fig. 喻) I felt as if my heart would burst
(with griefljoy). 我觉得自己悲伤得心都快碎了[高兴得心花怒
放]。— see 参见 BREAK (USAGE) and see also 另见 fit to
burst (FIT2(5)2 [I+adv/prep; T+obj+adv/prep] to (cause to)
come into the stated condition suddenly and often violently突
然打开；忽然出现：He burst free (from the chains). 他猛地一下
挣脱（镣铐）。| The police burst through the door/came burst-
ing into the room. 警察破门而入；警察闯进了房间。| In spring
the young flowers burst open. 春天百花绽蕾。3 [I (with) only
in progressive forms 只用于进行式] to be so full as to be al-
most breaking open 充满：The town is bursting with tourists
镇上到处都是游客。| [+to-v] She's bursting to tell you the
news. 她迫不及待地要告诉你这条消息。| The bus was full to
bursting point. 公共汽车上挤得不能再挤了。| (fig. 喻) burst
ing with prideljoy 充满了自豪[喜悦] 4 burst at the seams to
be extremely and usually uncomfortably full 胀满：I've had so
much to eat that I'm bursting at the seams. 我吃得那么多，肚
子都要胀破了。| There were so many people that the hall
was bursting at the seams. 大厅内人山人海。5 burst the
bubble also 又作 prick the bubble BrE to do something
that ends a happy or successful situation or that destroys
someone's happiness or hopes【英】扫兴；破灭幸福[希望]；拆
穿西洋镜：The Sharks went into the game with confidence
but the Penguins burst the bubble by beating them 5-3. 鲨
鱼队上场时雄心勃勃，但企鹅队以5：3的比分使他们的希望成为
泡影。| Cathy refused to let Edward's bad mood prick the
bubble of happiness. 卡西不愿让爱德华的坏情绪破坏开心的
气氛。
burst in on/upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to interrupt suddenly
and usually noisily 吵闹地闯进，打扰；突然插嘴：They burst in
on me while I was working. 我正在工作，他们忽然闯了进来。
to burst in on someone's thoughts 扰乱某人的思路
burst into sthg. phr v [T] 1 to begin suddenly to make (a
sound with the voice), especially when laughing, crying, or
singing 突然··起来〔尤指哭、笑、唱等)：to burst into tears
(=start crying)突然哭起来 | to burst into song/laughter 突然
唱起来[哈哈大笑] 2 burst into flames to begin burning sud-
denly and uncontrollably突然起火〔指火势失去控制〕
burst out phr v 1 [I+y-ing] to begin suddenly (to use the
voice without speaking)突然发出声音：They burst out laugh-
ing/crying. 他们突然哈哈大笑[放声大哭]。2 [T] to say suddenly
and with strong feeling 突然说出：“I don't believe it!”she
burst out angrily. 她愤愤然脱口而出：“我才不信呢！” — see also
另见OUTBURST
*burst2n 1 an act or result of bursting 破裂，爆炸；裂口；喷出：a
burst in the water pipes 水管上的裂口 2 [(of)] a sudden short
period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling; outbreak 爆
发；突发；一阵；一下子；一口气：a burst of laughter/thunder/
applause/machinegun fire 一阵大笑[雷鸣；掌声；机关枪声]
With a final burst of speed she overtook the leading runner
and won the race. 她以最后一股劲猛冲，超越了领先的运动员. 
赢得了这场赛跑。
bur·then /`b3oen; 'b3:0an/ n, v lit for【文】= BURDEN
bur·ton /`b3tn; 'b3:tn/ n (often cap. 常用大写) gone for a bur
ton BrE slang lost, broken, or killed【英俚】遗失了；损坏了；死
了：The radio's gone for a burton. 收音机不响了。
Burton, Richard (1925-1984) a Welsh film and theatre actor. 
regarded as one of the best of his time. He was married twice
to Elizabeth Taylor, and the marriages attracted almost as much
attention as his acting. 波顿〔(1925-1984)，威尔士电影和戏剧
演员，被认为是当时最出色的演员之一。他与伊丽莎白·泰勒的两
度婚姻和他的表演一样引人注目
Bu. run-di /be`randr; bo'rondi/ a mountainous country in E cen
tral Africa, surrounded by Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Demo-
cratic Republic of Congo. Population: 6, 393, 000 (1995). 
Capital: Bujumbura. In many people's minds, Burundi is con-
nected with the violence between the Tutsi and Hutu tribes
during the mid-1990s, which led to many deaths. 布隆迪〔中非
东部一山地国家，与卢旺达、坦桑尼亚和刚果民主共和国接壤。人
口：6, 393, 000(1995)，首都：布琼布拉。讲到布隆迪，人们就会联
想到20世纪90年代中期导致大批人死亡的图西族和胡图族之间
的暴力冲突)- -dian n, adj
*bur. y /`beri; 'beri/ v [T] 1 to put (a dead body) into a grave 埋葬
死者：Both my grandparents were buried here. 我的祖父母都
葬在此地。|(fig. 喻) to bury an old quarrel 永不再提旧日的争
执 2 [(in)] to hide or cover over, especially with earth〔尤指用
土)埋藏，掩盖：The dog has buried a bone. 狗把一块骨头埋了
起来。| buried treasure 埋在地下的宝藏| The climbers were
buried under an avalanche of rocks. 登山者被埋在崩塌的岩石
堆中。|(fig. 喻) The true facts are buried in a secret govern-
ment report. 事实真相被隐藏于政府的一个秘密报告中。| She
was sitting with her head buried in a newspaper. 她坐着埋头
看报纸。| (fig. 喻) He buried his hands in his pockets. 他两手
插在口袋里。| buried in thought 在沉思中 3 bury the hatchet
to become friends again after a quarrel 息争言和 - — see also 另
见 bury one's head in the sand (HEAD1)
Bury My Heart at Wound·ed Knee /. . . / a book b
Dee Brown which tells the story of the American West in a
way that is sympathetic to the Native Americans《把我的心埋
在受伤的膝盖下》〔迪伊·布朗所著的一本书，它以同情美国土著居
民的口吻讲述发生在美国西部地区的故事〕
0221
carrying motor vehicle, espe-
cially one which carries the pub-
lic for payment 大客车；公共汽车，
巴士：to go by bus乘公共汽车前
往 | I saw him on the bus. 我在公
共汽车上看见他。| London's fa-
mous double-decker buses 伦敦
出名的双层公共汽车|yellow school
buses 黄色校车 | to get/catch/
miss the bus 搭乘[赶上；错过]公
共汽车 | to pay one's bus fare 付
(公共汽车)车费，买车票|There is
no bus service (=buses do not run)
to our village. 我们村里没有公共
汽车服务。 — see also 另见 DATA
BUS
□USAGE 用法说明 You can travel by bus, but you travel
or ride in or on a particular bus. 表示乘坐公共汽车旅行，
一般用 travel by, 但指明乘坐某一辆车时则用 ride 或 travel
in [on]. At the beginning of your journey you get on(to)
the bus and at the end of your journey you get off (it), get
out of it, or alight(fml正式)(from it). 表示上车，用 get
on(to);表示下车，用 get off, get out of 或 alight (from)
 — see also 另见 DRIVE (USAGE), STEER(USAGE), TRANS-
PORT(USAGE)
bus2v [T] 1 to take people somewhere by bus, especially(in the
US in the 1950s) to take school students by bus to schools in
other areas〔尤指美国20世纪50年代〕用公共汽车运送-see
参见 BUSING 2 especially AmE to take away dirty dishes from
the tables in a restaurant【尤美】收拾〔餐馆饭桌上的脏碗碟〕：
Frank has a weekend job bussing tables. 弗兰克周末在一家餐
馆打工收拾饭桌。
bus boy /'/ n AmE a person employed to help a waiter in a
restaurant by taking away used dishes【美】餐馆侍应生的手下
杂工〔帮助收用过的餐具等工作〕
bus. by /`bazbi; 'bazbi/ n 1 a fur hat worn by certain British
soldiers〔某些英国士兵戴的〕毛皮高顶小帽 2 infml for【非正式】
=BEARSKIN(2)
Busby, Sir Matt (1909-1994) a British football manager, who
for many years was the manager of MANCHESTER UNITED. His
players, known as the Busby babes, were very successful dur-
ing the 1950s, but in 1958 eight members of the team were
killed in a plane crash in Munich. 巴斯比〔(1909-1994)英国足
球队领队，曾任曼彻斯特联队领队多年。他的队员被称为“巴斯比
小伙儿”，在20世纪50年代表现非常出色。1958年该队8名成
员在慕尼黑的一次空难事件中丧生〕
and with many stems 灌木，矮树丛：a rose bush 玫瑰丛 2 [the+S]
uncleared wild country, especially in Australia or Africa〔尤指
澳洲、非洲)未开垦的丛林地 — see also另见 beat about the
bush (BEAT1(6), a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
(BIRD(4)
Bush, George (1924-)the 41st President of the US(1989-
1993). He is remembered especially for promising before his
election that he would not increase taxes, using the phrase'Read
my lips - no new taxes'. But after he became President, he
did in fact increase some taxes. 布什〔(1989-1993)，美国第41
任总统，他参加竞选前一句不增税的承诺“仔细听我说——不赋新
税”给人印象尤为深刻。但事实上，在他就职以后提高了部分税收〕
▲注：其子布什(GeorgeW. Bush)(1946-)于2001年当选为
美国第43任总统。
bush. ba. by /`buf, bebi; 'buf, beibi/ n a small African animal
with large eyes and ears, a long tail, and long back legs with
bushed /buft; buft/ adj [F] especially AmE infml very tired
【尤美，非正式】筋疲力尽的
bush. el /`bufel; 'bufel/ n a unit of CAPACITY, especially for
measuring grain, vegetables, and fruit蒲式耳〔谷物、蔬菜、水
果等的计量单位〕 — see also 另见 hids your light under a
bushel(HIDE) and see 并见 TABLE 2
Bush House // the building in London from which the BBC
World Service broadcasts radio programmes abroad 布什广播
大楼〔位于伦敦，英国广播公司国际电台从这里向海外播送广播节
目〕
bush league /'/ adj AmE unprofessional or badly done(from
a name for the MINOR LEAGUES in BASEBALL, in which the
players have not yet reached professional standards)【美】非专
业的；差的，拙劣的〔语出棒球小联盟的别称，其队员未达职业标
a London bus
准)：His work is still strictly bush league. 他的工作还是极为
伦敦公共汽车
业余。
Bush. man /`bufmen; 'bufmen/ n -men /-men; -men/ 1 a mem-
ber of a race of NOMADIC people of southern Africa 布须曼人
〔非洲南部的游牧民族)2 (not cap. 不用大写) one who lives in
6
the Australian bush 澳大利亚丛林居民
bush. ran·ger /buf, rend3a; 'buf, reind3e/n 1 someone who
lives in an uncultivated or forested area with a small popula-
tion away from civilization〔远离文明的)丛林居民；偏僻地区居
民 2 a criminal living in such an area 隐匿在丛林地带[偏僻地
区]的罪犯
bush tel·e. graph /'. ·/ n [U] BrE humor the fast spreading
of information by unofficial means【英幽】〔消息)小道传播：The
news spread through the whole school by bush telegraph. 该
消息在全校经小道传播，不胫而走。
bush·whack /`bufwaek; 'bufwaek/ v [I; T] AmE to push or cut
your way through trees or bushes【美】在丛林中开道：Tom bush-
whacked a trail ahead of us. (丛林里)汤姆走在我们前面开道。
bush. whack. er /`bufwaeke; 'bufwaeke/ n AmE someone who
makes a path through thick woods, especially GUERRILLAS or
others who fight in or attack from woods or rough land【美】丛
林中的开道者〔尤指游击队员或在丛林中战斗、伏击的队员〕-
bushwhacking n [U]
bush. y /bufi; bofi/ adj (of hair) growing thickly〔毛发)浓密
的，多毛的：a bushy beard/tail 大胡子；蓬松的尾巴 - -iness n
[U]
bus. i. ly /biz]i; 'bizli/ adv — see 参见 BUSY1
*busi·ness /`biznis; 'bizns/ n 1 [U] the activity of buying and
selling goods and services; COMMERCE商业，买卖，交易，生意：
She wants to go into business when she leaves college. 她大
学毕业后想经商。| It's a pleasure to do business with you. 很
高兴同你做生意。| He set up in business as a property
developer. 他是作为一个产业开发商而开始立足于商界的。|I'm
here on business. (=for work and not for pleasure)我是来谈生
意的[出差的]。| the oil/insurance business (=the branch of
business concerned with oil/insurance)石油业；保险业|He
may be a friend, but business is business (=is a serious matter)
and he's not the man for the job. 他也许是朋友，但是公事公
办，他不是这项工作的合适人选。|a business lunch 工作午餐|
Our business hours are from 9 to 5. 我们的营业时间从上午9
时至下午5时。2 [U] the amount or value of trade being done
营业额，交易量：“How's business?”“Business is booming. ”
(=doing very well)“生意好吗？”“生意兴隆。”| They are now
doing almost twice as much business as they were last year. 
他们现在的营业额几乎为去年的两倍。|They advertised their
services to drum up business. (=increase it)他们登广告宣传
自己的服务项目，以招揽生意。3[C]a particular money-earning
activity or place, such as a shop or factory商店，企业，公司，
事务所，工厂；行业，事业：to start up a new business 开设一家
新商号 | He runs a small business in the town. 他在镇上经营
一家小铺子。| a profitable business 有利可图的行业 4 [U] one's
responsibility or concern职责，关心的事，本分，任务：A
teacher's business is to help children learn. 教师的本分是帮
助儿童学习。| What I do with my money is none of your
business. (=does not concern you)我如何花钱，与你无关。|I
wish you would mind your own business. (=not pay attention
to things that do not concern you)我希望你不要多管闲事。|
You had no business (=no right) to meddle/meddling in my
affairs. 你无权干预我的事务。5 [S] an affair or matter事情；事
务，业务：I don't understand this business. 我对此事并不内行。|
Let's get down to the main business of the meeting. (=the
matter to be considered)我们来认真研究一下这次会议的主要
议题。| a strange business 一桩怪事 | Investing in shares
can be quite a risky business. 投资于股票可能是件很冒险的事
情。6 [U] tech (in the theatre) things done by an actor apart
from speaking, such as movements of the hands, the look on
the face etc【术语】〔舞台上〕演员的动作，表情：stage business
舞台动作 7 business as usual a phrase, sometimes written on
a sign, meaning that a shop or other business is working nor-
mally(NORMAL)even though it is having difficulties, e. g. there
has been a fire 照常营业〔有时写在商店或其他营业场所的告示
上，表示虽然有些不便，例如发生了火灾，但生意照常进行〕8busi-
ness before pleasure saying you should do your work first
and then enjoy yourself afterwards【谚】先工作后娱乐 9 get
down to business to start dealing with the most important
matter or subject 着手处理重要问题，认真干起来：We'd better
stop chatting and get down to business. 闲话少说，还是言归正
传吧。10 like 'nobody's/no one's business infml, usually
apprec very fast or very well【非正式，一般褒】很好[快]地：He
0222
can play the piane like nobody's business. 他钢琴弹得很好
11 not in the business of not having the aim or purpose of没
有·的目标[意图]：This government is not in the business of
cutting taxes simply in order to help the rich, 本政府毫无为了
帮助富人才减税的意图。12 out of business no longer able to
operate as a business 停业；无法继续经营：These big increases
in rents could put a lot of small shops out of business. 租金的
大幅度增加会使许多小店铺关门歇业。 — see also 另见 BIG BUSI-
NESS, FUNNY BUSINESS, MONKEY BUSINESS, SHOW BUSINESS
mean business (MEAN2) 13 something is the business BrE
spoken used in order to say that something is very good or
works well【英，口】〔指物品〕棒极了；运作良好：This computer
is the business, it's so fast. 这台电脑运行良好，效率很高。| Your
new camera looks the business - how much did you pay for
it?你的新照相机看上去棒极了——买了多少钱？14 we're in
business also 又作 we'll be in business spoken used in order
o say that you are ready to start an activity, job etc【口】准备就
绪：You've got the paint -- I'll get the brushes. OK, now we're
in business. 你拿来了油漆 — 我去拿刷子，好了，现在开始工
作。| We're in the wrong lane if we want to take the next exit, 
but we can turn around up there and then we'll be in business
如果想从下一个出口出去的话，我们是跑错车道了，但在那里掉头
后就可以出去了。
business card /'· ，·/ also 又作 card — n a card given and
received by business people stating the owner's name, position
company, and address〔印有姓名、职务、公司和地址的)商业名片
 — compare 比较 VISITING CARD
business class /'· ·/ also 又作 club class AmE【美】- n [U]
(on an aircraft) the travelling conditions which are better and
dearer than TOURIST CLASS but worse and cheaper than FIRST
CLASS〔飞机上的〕二等舱，商务客位：I always travel business
class. 我旅行时都是坐商务客位。| a business-class ticket 二
等舱机票
business end /'. / n [the+S (of)] infml the end of something
such as a tool or weapon, that performs the job for which the
thing is made【非正式】起作用的一端，实用部分：the business
end of a gun(=the barrel)枪管
business hours /'. ，/ n [P] the time during the day when a
shop, office etc is open for business 营业时间，办公时间：Please
call during business hours. 请于办公时间内来电话。
ousi·ness. like /`biznis laik; 'bizns-laik/ adj having qualities
that bring success in business, especially an effective and prac. 
tical way of working 处事务实的，有效率的，井然有序的； a busi-
nesslike persor/manner务实的人[态度] } The talk. were e frank
and businesslike. 谈话是坦诚和务实的
busi. ness lunch /'/ n a meal at which people discuss
business, especially when one person is trying to persuade an-
other to buy or sell something〔为谈生意而安排的〕商务午餐
busi·ness. man /biznis maen; 'biznsmen/, busi·ness·wom·an
/-, wumen; -，wumen/ fem. 【阴性】— n -men /-men; -men/ 1 a
person who works in business, especially as an owner, director. 
or top manager of a company 商人；实业家，从事工商业的人：a
successful young businessman 一位成功的青年实业家 | a small
businessman (=one who runs a small business)小本经营者
2 a person who has the qualities necessary to be successful in
business 具有经营者所必需素质的人，生财有道者：I'm not much
of a businessman. 我这人不太会做生意。- — see also 另见 SMALL
BUSINESSMAN
business park /'. ，/ n an area where a lot of companies and
businesses have buildings 商业区
ousiness rep·ly mail /，· ·'··/ n AmE for【美】= FREEPOST
business stud·ies /'·. ，·/ n [P] a course of study at a school or
college covering economic and financial subjects 商业学，商业
经济研究
business suit /'· ，/ n AmE for【美】= LOUNGE SUIT
busi·ness·wom·an /`biznis, wumen; 'bizns, wumen/-womer
/-, wimin; -，wimin/ n1 a woman who works in a business, es-
pecially as a manager or as the owner of a company 女商人；女
实业家；从事工商业的女性 2 a woman who is good at making
money by doing business 善于经营的女性
bus·ing, bussing /`basin; 'bvsin/ n [U] in the US in the 1950s
the practice of taking school students by bus to schools in other
areas. The aim of this was for black children to attend mainly
white schools, so that children of different races would be edu
cated together. 用公共汽车接送〔指20世纪50年代，在美国，用
公共汽车把学童送至其他地区，其目的是让黑人孩子就读于白人学
生较多的学校，以便他们共同接受教育〕 — see also 另见 BROWN
V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA
busk /bask; bask/ v [I] BrE infml to play music in the street or
other public place in order to earn money【英，非正式】沿街卖
艺 — ~ern
bus lane /' / n a part of a wide road, marked for the use of
buses only 公共汽车专用车道：We shouldn't drive up here --
it's the bus lane. 我们不该开到这条道上来——这是公共汽车车
道。
bus·man's hol·i·day /`bvsmenz `hale de; basmenz 'hol di/n
[usu. sing. 一般用单数] a holiday spent in doing your usual
work 照常工作的节假日，有名无实的假日：The painter spent a
busman's holiday painting his own house. 这个油漆匠以油漆
自己的房屋来度过假日
bus pass /' / n a special ticket given to old people, school-
children etc in Britain which allows them to travel free on buses
〔在英国，发给老人、学童等人的〕免费乘车证
bus ser. vice /'. / n the operation of buses in a particular area
〔某一地区的〕公共交通服务
bus shel-ter /'. ·/n a small building which keeps the rain off
people who are waiting for a bus 公共汽车候车亭
Bus·sell /`basl; 'basal/, Darcey /`darsi; 'da:si/ (1969- ) an En
glish BALLERINA who is known for becoming a leading dancer
with the ROYAL BALLET at the age of 19 巴塞尔〔 (1969- )，
英国芭蕾舞女演员，以19岁即成为皇家芭蕾舞团的主要演员而闻
名〕
bus·sing /`basin; 'bvsin/ n [U] — see 参见 BUSING
bus sta·tion /'. / n (the buildings at) a place where buses
start and finish their journeys, and where passengers can get
on and off 公共汽车总站
bus stop /'/ n a fixed place at the side of a road where buses
stop for passengers 公共汽车站：waiting at the bus stop 在公
共汽车站候车
bust1/bast; bast/ n 1 a piece of SCULPTURE showing a person's
head, shoulders, and upper chest 半身雕塑像：a bust of
Beethoven 贝多芬的半身塑像 — compare 比较 STATUETTE 2 euph
a woman's breasts; BOSOM【婉】〔妇女的〕乳房；胸部 3 a mea-
surement round a woman's breasts and back 〔妇女的〕胸围：Do
you have this dress in a bigger bust size?你有胸围比这件大
些的衣服吗？
bust2v busted or bust [T] 1 infml to break【非正式】打烂，打
碎，弄坏：I bust(ed) my watch this morning. 今天早晨我把表摔
坏了。| They busted the door down. 他们把门砸烂了。2 AmE
infml to burst【美，非正式】使爆裂，使胀破：a busted balloon -
只爆裂的气球| The pipes will bust under that pressure. 管子
在这样的压力下会爆裂的。3 slang【俚】(of the police)a to
charge with an offence, especially one connected with drugs;
ARREST 控以吸毒罪；因··而逮捕：He was busted for posses-
sion of cocaine. 他因藏有可卡因而被捕。b to enter (someone's
house) without warning to look for something illegal, espe-
cially drugs; visit on a RAID1(2)查抄〔住宅)，突击搜查〔尤指毒
品)；突袭搜捕 4 infml, especially AmE to lower (a military
person) in rank;DEMOTE【非正式，尤美】贬降··的军阶；使降职
5-buster infml a person who breaks up or destroys the stated
thing【非正式】挫败[阻挠、破坏] ··的人：a crimebuster (=who
catches criminals)执法人员，办案人员，刑事警探，扑灭罪行者
6 bust a gut slang【俚】a to make a great effort (to do
something)费很大劲〔做某事)：I nearly bust a gut finishing
that work on time, 我差不多要费尽劲才能如期完成那项工作。
b to laugh very hard 大笑，笑破肚皮：I thought I'd bust a gut
when he fell off the wall. 他从墙上摔下来的时候，我觉得自己
肚子都快笑破了。7(somewhere or something) or bust usually
humor a phrase used when saying that you will make a great
effort to go somewhere or do something or fail completely【-
般幽】不然就糟了〔表示某人无论如何也要去某地或做某事，否则
就会失败)：San Francisco or bust!无论如何也要去圣弗朗西
斯科，否则就完了！ | I'll do it by Wednesday or bust. 我不论怎
样也要在星期三之前做完，否则就会坏事。
USAGE 用法说明 In American English the past tense
and participle busted is used more often than bust. 在美国
英语中，busted 作为过去式和过去分词形式比 bust 常用。
bust up phr v infml【非正式】1 [I] (especially of a relation. 
ship or partnership) to separate(关系或合作)破裂：They bust
up after six years of marriage. 他们结婚6年后离异了。2 I] to
laugh very hard 大笑：We busted up laughing. 我们大笑起来。
3 [T (bust sthg.  up)] AmE to damage or spoil【美】损坏；搞
糟：The travel company's failure bust up their holiday. 旅行
社办事失误，把他们的假期弄得一团糟。 — see also 另见 BUST-
UP
bust3n slang a police ARREST2 or RAID1【俚】〔警察的〕拘捕，搜
查，突袭：Several big dealers have been rounded up in a ma-
jor drugs bust. 在一次毒品大搜查中，几个大毒贩被逮住了。
0223
bust' adj infml【非正式】1 broken 破的；坏了的：My watch is
bust. 我的表坏了。2 AmE a complete failure【美】完全失败 3
go bust (of a business) to fail; go BANKRUPT 生意失败，破产
倒闭：I'm not surprised he went bust, considering the risks
he was taking. 以他冒的风险来看，他破产我是毫不感到奇怪
的。
bus·ter /`baste; 'baste'/ n slang, especially AmE, often derog
(used as a form of address to a man)【俚，尤美，常贬】〔用作对
男子的称呼〕喂，老兄：Come here, buster!过来，小子！
bus. ti·er /busti`e; 'bu:stiei/ n a piece of tight women's cloth-
ing that covers only the chest and back but not the shoulders
〔妇女的〕无吊带紧身褡
bus. tle' /`basl; 'basal/ v [I] to be busily active, often with much
noise 忙忙碌碌；熙熙攘攘：She is always bustling about the
house, 她总是为家务忙个没完。| a bustling market town 举
行集市贸易的、繁忙热闹的市镇| a town bustling with ac
tivity 非常热闹的市镇 - bustle n [S (of)]; I enjoy the hustle
and bustle of life in a big city. 我很喜欢大都市热闹繁忙的生
活。
bustle2n a frame worn for holding out the back part of a
woman's skirt in former times〔旧时妇女用来撑裙子的〕裙撑. 
腰垫
bust-up /'/ n slang【俚】1 a noisy quarrel 争吵，吵架 2 a com-
ing to an end of a relationship or partnership; BREAKUP〔关系
的)终止；破裂，分手，分离：the bust-up of their marriage 他们
婚姻的破裂 — see also 另见 BUST up
bust. y /`basti; 'bvsti/ adj infml (of a woman) having large breasts
【非正式】〔妇女〕有大乳房的
*bus. y' /'bizi; 'bizi/ adj 1 having a lot of work to do; actively
working or doing things 忙碌的；正在工作的：She's rather busy
now and can't see you until later. 她现在正忙，要迟些才能见
你。| busy with some important work 忙于某项重要工作 | a
busy man 一个大忙人 | All this filing will keep you busy for
te rest of the morning, 这些归档存卷的工作会使你忙一个上
午。[ [+v-ing] I was too busy working to notice the time. 我忙
着工作，没注意时间。2 full of work or activity繁忙的，忙碌的：
热闹的，繁华的：a busy day/town 繁忙的一天；热闹的市镇| one
of the busiest airports in the world 世界上最繁忙的机场之一
3 especially AmE (of telephones) in use; ENGAGED【尤美】（电
话)占线的：I'm sorry, the line is busy. 对不起，电话占线。
see 参见 TELEPHONE (USAGE) 4 derog too full of small details
【贬】过于琐碎的，繁杂的：This wallpaper's too busy for our
bedroom, don't you think?你不觉得我们卧室用这种墙纸太花
了吗？ 5 as busy as a bee/as bees very busy 忙得不亦乐乎 - -il
adv: busily working 忙碌地工作着 | The new government is
busily changing all the laws made by its predecessors. 新政
府正忙于修改前任制订的所有法律。
*busy2v [T (with)] to keep (yourself) busy 忙着，（使）忙于：To
forget his troubles, he busied himself with answering letters
in his garden, 为了忘掉烦恼，他忙于写回信[在花园里忙个不停]，
不使自己闲下来。
bus. y. bod. y /bizi, badi; 'bizi, bodi/ n derog a person who takes
oo much interest in other people's affairs【贬】好管闲事的
busy Liz. zie /，bizi `lizi;bizi 'lizi/ n BrE a popular POT PLANT
which grows close to the soil, spreads quickly, and has usually
pink flowers【英】凤仙花
busy sig·nal /'· ，·/ AmE【美】‖engaged tone BrE【英】-- 
the sound you hear when the number you are calling on the
telephone is already in use〔电话的〕忙音
bus·y·work /`bizi, w3k; 'biziw3:k/ n [U] especially AmE work
that does not produce any useful result, but is done only in
order to make someone look as if they are busy【尤美】无实效
但看上去忙忙碌碌的工作
*but1 /bet; bet; strong 强读 bat; bat/ conj 1 against what might
be expected; in spite of this 但是，然而，尽管如此：The situa-
tion looked desperate, but they didn't give up hope. 形势看来
非常危急，但他们没有放弃希望。| They are poor but proud. 
他们人穷志不穷。| It was cheap, but it goes quite well. 它虽
便宜，但走[运转]得很好。2 yet at the same time; on the other
hand 但与此同时；另一方面；不过，诚然··但：It wasn't cheap
but it's very good. 诚然它并不便宜，但质量非常好。| These
changes will cost quite a lot, but they will save us money in
the long run. 这些改动相当费钱，但从长远的角度看就为我们省
了钱。| an expensive but immensely useful book 一本很贵却
大有用处的书 | It has some limitations, but then (again) what
do you expect from a ￡100 computer?这台电脑的功能有限. 
不过对于只值100英镑的机子又能期待什么呢？3 rather; instead
毋宁说，而是：They own not one but three houses! 他们不是拥
有1幢，而是3幢房屋！ | The purpose of the scheme is not to
help the employers but to provide work for young people. 这
个计划的目的不是为了帮助雇主，而是为青年人提供工作机会。4
except that; however 只因为，可是只有··：He would have won
easily, but he fell and broke his leg. 他本来胜利在握，可惜跌
倒把腿摔断了。| I would like to go, but I'm too busy. 我很愿
意去，可是太忙了。| We were coming to see you, but it rained
(so we didn't). 我们本预备来看你，只是下起雨来了（所以没来
成)。| We had no alternative but to dismiss her. 我们没有其
他办法，只得解雇了她。| There's no doubt/no question but
(that) he's guilty. 毫无疑问他是有罪的。| (lit 文) There was
not a man but had tears in his eyes. (=they all had tears in
their eyes) 没有一个人不热泪盈眶。| But for (=without) your
help I'd be stranded. 要不是你帮助，我肯定陷入困境。5 (used
to express surprise, disagreement, or other strong feeling 用于
表示惊奇、不同意，或其他强烈的情感)：But how wonderful!喔，
真了不起！|But that's outrageous! 啊，这太可恶了！ 6(used
to give force to a statement 用于加强语气)：It'll be the event of
the year -- everyone, but everyone, is coming. 这将是一年中
最重大的事——每个人，对，就是每一个人，都会来。7(used to
change the subject 用于改变话题) anyway 无论如何，反正，
好·：But now to the main question. . 好，现在谈谈主要问题··
but2 prep 1 other than; except 除··以外：There's no one here
but me. 这里除我以外，没有别人。| You can come any day but
Thursday. 除星期四外，你哪天来都行。| This car has been
nothing but trouble! 这辆车子，除了添麻烦，什么用处都没有！|
Who but George would do such a thing?除乔治外，还有谁会
做出这种事呢？| What can we do but sit and wait?我们除坐
等外，还能做些什么呢？2 the last/next but one/two/three es
pecially BrE one/two/three etc. from the last/next【尤英】倒数
第二、三、四(··) ：His house is the last but one in this street. 
他的房子就是这条街上的倒数第二家。 — see also 另见 all but
(ALL2)
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 but, except, and 和
save. In this sentence we can use all three. 在下面的句子
中，这3个词都可以用：We're all here but/except/save(fml
正式)Mary. (除玛丽外，我们都在这里。)But in this sentence
but cannot be used 但在下句中，就不能用 but: The win-
dow is never openea except/save in summer. (除夏天外, 
窗子从来不打开。)Use but only after words like no, all
nobody, anywhere, everything, or after question-words like
who?, where?, what? But is usually followed by a noun or
pronoun. 在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 或疑问
词 who?, where?, what?等后，只能用 but。又 but 后面通
常跟名词或代词：Who else but John would have played a
trick like that?(除约翰外, 还有谁会如此恶作剧呢?) They
gave a toy to everyone but me. （他们给了每人一件玩具，
就是没给我。)
but3 adv 1 especially lit only; just【尤文】只能，仅仅，不过，至
少，刚刚，好歹：He is still but a child! 他不过是个孩子罢了！|
We can but try. 我们只能试试看。2 AmE slang【美俚】(used
to add force 用于加强语气)：Go there but fast!去吧，可要快
呀！ They're rich, but I mean rich!他们有钱，我是说很有钱
呀！
but4 /bat; bat/ n (There are) no buts about it infml (there is)
no doubt about it or argument against it【非正式】（对此）没有
怀疑[反对]的理由 — see also 另见 ifs and buts (IF2)
bu·tane /bjuten; 'bju:tein/ n [U] a natural gas used for cooking. 
heating, and lighting 丁烷〔用于煮食、取暖、照明的天然气〕
butch /butf; butf/ adj derog (of a woman) showing a lot of
male tendencies; sometimes used as an offensive word to de-
scribe LESBIANS【贬】〔女子〕有男子气的，男性化的〔有时用于描
写女同性恋者时有冒犯性
Butch Cas-si-dy and The Sun-dance Kid /，butf kaesidi end
e`sandaens kid; butf kaesdi end e 'sanda:ns kid/ a film
made in 1969 with Robert Redford and Paul Newman, about
two American BANDITS who were hunted and finally died in a
SHOOT-OUT《虎豹小霸王》〔摄制于1969年的一部影片，由罗伯
特·雷德福和保罗·纽曼联袂主演。影片讲述一对美国匪徒被警方
追捕，最终死于一场枪战的故事〕
butch-er' /`butfa; 'butfe/ n 1 a person who owns or works in
a shop(butcher's) which sells meat 屠宰商，肉商：I bough
some lamb at the butcher's. 我在肉铺买了些羊肉。2 a person
who causes suffering or death cruelly and unnecessarily 残杀
者；刽子手；屠夫
butcher2v [T] 1 to kill (animals) and prepare them for sale
as food 屠宰〔牲口)2 to kill (especially large numbers of
people) bloodily or unnecessarily 血腥屠杀 — see 参见 KILL
(USAGE) 3 infml to spoil through carelessness or lack of
0224
skill【非正式】弄坏，搞糟：That hairdresser really butchered
my hair -- it looks awful. 理发师把我的头发理坏了 -- 真难
看。
butch·er·y /`butferi; 'butferi/ n [U] 1 the preparation of meat
for sale 屠宰业 2 cruel and unnecessary killing of human be. 
ings残杀（无辜），屠杀
Bu. the. lez. i /，bute`lezi;, bu:te'leizi/, Chief Man. go. su. thu
Gat·sha /`maengo, sutu `gaetfe; 'maengeu, su:tu: 'gaetfe/ (1928-)
the South African leader of the Zulu Inkatha Freedom Party, 
the third largest political party in South Africa. In 1994， he
became a minister in Nelson Mandela's government. 布特莱齐
〔(1928-)，南非第三大党祖鲁因卡塔自由党领袖，1994年成为
纳尔逊·曼德拉政府的内政部长〕
but. ler /`batla; 'bvtle/ n (especially
formerly)the chief male servant of a
house, in charge of the others. In
Britain, the STEREOTYPE of a butler is
of a very calm, EFFICIENT, polite man
who has no sense of humour and never
appears to be shocked or surprised by
anything. People sometimes make
jokes about the fact that, in old Brit-
ish DETECTIVE stories in which some-
one is murdered, it is often the butler
who is found to be the murderer. 〔
指旧时的〕男管家，仆役长〔在英国，典
型的男管家是一个沉着能干、彬彬有礼
的人。他没有丝毫的幽默感，不为任何
事所动。人们有时开玩笑说，在过去一
些讲述谋杀案的英国侦探故事里，凶手
往往是男管家〕
Butler, Rhett /rst; ret/ the main male character in the novel
GONE WITH THE WIND. In the film of this book, Rhett Butle
was played by Clark Gable, and he is remembered especially
for saying to Scarlett O'Hara 'Frankly my dear, I don't give a
damn!’白瑞得〔小说《乱世佳人》中的男主人公。在根据小说改编
的影片中，白瑞得一角由克拉克·盖博扮演。给人们印象尤为深刻的
是他对郝思嘉所说的一句话“坦白说亲爱的，我一点儿也不在乎！”〕
But-lins /`batlinz; 'batlnz/ trademark a group of HOLIDAY
CAMPS in various seaside towns in the UK, providing rooms, 
food, and a wide variety of entertainment and organized ac-
ivities all for a fixed price. They were started by Sir Billy
Butlin (1899-1980) with the aim of providing inexpensive
holidays for ordinary working people, and they were especially
popular in the 1950s and 1960s. 【商标】巴特林休假营地〔开设
于英国众多海滨小镇的一个连锁休假营地，提供客房、餐饮及各种
娱乐项目，并安排集体活动，其价格固定。该连锁休假营地由比利·
巴特林爵士(1899-1980)创办，目的是为普通工薪阶层提供廉价
的度假方式，20世纪50、60年代尤为流行〕
butt' /bat; bat/ v [I; T] to strike or push against (someone or
something) with the head or horns〔以头或角〕顶，撞，抵：butt-
ing its head against the wall 用头顶墙壁 -- butt n: The goat
gave me a butt in the stomach! 山羊用头撞了我肚子一下！
butt in phr v [I (on)] slang, often derog to interrupt, usually
by-speaking【俚，常贬】插嘴：Stop butting in (on our conversation)!
(我们谈话时)不要老插嘴
butt out phr v [I] infml used to rudely tell someone to stop
getting involved in a private situation【非正式】滚开〔粗鲁地告
诉别人不要干涉私事时所说的话)：It's not your business, so just
butt out!不关你的事，滚开！
butt2n [(of, for)] a person or thing that people make fun of笑
柄，笑料，嘲笑的对象：Poor John was the butt oflfor all their
jokes. 可怜的约翰成为他们说笑的对象。
butt3n 1 a large, thick, or bottom end of something 〔工具等)粗
大的一端，柄：a rifle butt 枪托 | a cigarette butt (=the last
unsmoked end)烟蒂 2 slang the part of the body on which a
berson sits【俚】屁股：Get off your butt and do some work! 别
老坐着，起来做点事吧！ 3 get your butt in gear also 又作 get
your arse/ass in gear AmE spoken a rude expression used in
order to tell someone to hurry or try harder【美口】抓紧时间；加
油干〔为粗鲁的表达方式〕：Come on, get your arse in gear!
We're late already. 快点，别磨蹭！我们已经迟到了。| If you
get your butt in gear, we might actually get done tonight. 如
果你加油干的话，今晚我们确实可以完成。
butt4 n a large barrel for liquids 大桶
butte /bjut; bju:t/ n AmE a hill which stands on its own and has
steep sides and a flat top【美】〔有平顶和陡坡的〕孤山
*but. ter1 /`bate; 'bate/ n [U] 1 fairly solid yellow fat made
from milk or cream and spread on bread, used in cooking etc
黄油，牛油，奶油； a butter dish 盛黄油的小碟子 — compare 比
较 SOFT MARGARINE 2 Butter wouldn't melt in his/her mouth
infml he/she pretends to be kind, harmless, sincere etc but is
not really so【非正式】他[她] 装出一副忠厚善良的样子 — ~y adj:
a buttery taste 黄油味道| buttery fingers 黄油饼干条
butter2v [T] to spread butter on 涂黄油于·：to butter a slice of
bread在一片面包上涂黄油
butter sbdy. up phr v [T] infml to praise (someone) too
much with the hope of gaining something in return; FLATTER
【非正式】奉承〔某人〕，讨好
but·ter·ball /`bato bol; 'bate, bo:l/ n AmE infml a round fat
person, especially a fat child【美，非正式】胖墩〔尤指儿童〕
butter bean /'·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a large pale yel-
low bean, often sold in its dried form 利马
but·ter. cream /`bvto krim; 'bvtekri:m/ n a soft creamy spread
butler 男管家，仆役长
made with butter and sugar and used inside or on top of cakes
甜奶油酱：buttercream icing/filling 甜奶油酥皮[馅]
but·ter. cup /`bate kap; 'bvtekap/ n a common small yellow
wild flower which often grows in fields 毛茛〔一种黄色的野
花〕
but·ter·fin·gers /`bato fingoz; 'bvte fingez/ n butterfingers
infml someone who often drops things they are carrying or
trying to catch【非正式】拿不稳东西的人
Butterfingers trademark a type of chocolate bar in the US
which has a hard centre made from PEANUT BUTTER【商标】
“白脱指”牌巧克力条〔美国的一种巧克力条，其中心为一硬花生
酱块〕
but·ter. fly /`bato flai; 'bateflai/ n 1 [C] a type of insect with
large often beautifully coloured wings, which develops from a
CATERPILLAR 蝴蝶 — compare 比较MOTH(1)2 [C] someone
who seems to be only interested in pleasure 游手好闲的人；轻
浮的人：a social butterfly 交际花 3 [(the) S] a way of swim-
ming on your front, moving the arms together over your head
while kicking the feet up and down together 蝶泳 4 have but-
terflies (in your stomach) infml to feel very nervous before
doing something【非正式】〔临大事前〕情绪紧张，感到恶心，心里
发慌
but·ter·milk /`bvte milk; 'bvte, milk/ n [U] the liquid that re-
mains after butter is made from milk 脱脂乳，酪乳
butter moun·tain /'··/ n [the] the large SURPLUS of butter
which has been built up by the countries of the EU 〔欧盟成员
国的〕黄油过剩
but·ter·scotch /`bato`skatf; 'bvteskpt[/ n [U] a sweet food
made from sugar and butter boiled together 黄油硬糖，奶油糖
Butthead — see参 BEAVIS & BUTTHEAD
but·tock /`batek; 'batek/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] either of
the two fleshy parts of the body on which a person sits屁股
臀部
*but. ton1 /`batn; 'batn/ n 1 a small usually circular fastener. 
made of plastic, bone, metal etc, which is fixed to one part of a
garment and passed through a hole in another part in order to
join the two parts together 纽扣，扣子：One of the buttons has
come off my shirt. 我衬衫上的一颗扣子脱落了。| Will you help
me do up(=fasten) my buttons?你帮我扣上扣子好吗？|(fig. 
喻) a button nose (=a small broad flattish nose)扁鼻子，塌鼻
梁 2 also 又作 push button - a button-like object that is
pressed to start a machine 按钮，开关：I pressed the button, 
and the bell rang. 我按了一下按钮，铃就响了。| Push this but
ton to call the elevator. 要召唤电梯按这个电钮。3 AmE a small
metal or plastic BADGE【美】金属 [塑料]小徽章：He had but-
tons all over his lapels. 他的上衣翻领上别满了徽章。4 on the
button slang, especially AmE exactly right【俚，尤美】非常准
确；丝毫不差 — see also 另见 BUTTONS, PUSH-BUTTON, bright
as a button (BRIGHT)
button2v [I; T (UP)] to (cause to) close or fasten with buttons
用纽扣扣住，扣上·的扣子：Button (up) your coat- it's cold
outside. 扣好上衣 -— 外面很冷。| My dress buttons at the
back. 我的连衣裙是背后开扣的。
button up phr v1 [I] slang to keep quiet; SHUT up【俚】住
嘴，别吭声：Button up, will you - I'm trying to get on with
some work! 别说话，好不好——我想做点工作呢！2[T(button
sthg. → up)] infml to complete successfully【非正式】胜利完
成：The new contract is all buttoned up now. 新的合同已全部
完成。
button-down /'. / adj [A] having the ends (of a collar) fas-
tened to the garment with buttons 用扣子扣住（硬领）的，有活
动衣领的：a button-down collar/shirt 可扣住的硬领〔领尖顶有
纽扣的领圈〕；有活动衣领〔配有领尖顶纽扣领圈〕的衬衫
but·ton-hole1 /`bvtn hol; 'batnheul/ n 1 a hole for a button to
be put through to fasten a shirt, coat etc 纽孔，纽扣眼 2 BrE
0225
【英】‖ boutonniere AmE【美】a flower to wear in a buttonhole
or pinned to your coat or dress 扣在纽孔内或别在衣服上的花：
wearing a rose as a buttonhole 在衣襟上别有一朵玫瑰花
buttonhole2v [T] to stop(someone) and force them to join in
a conversation 强留〔某人〕谈话：She buttonholed me in the
corridor and asked me about my plans. 他在走廊里强拉住我，
询问我的计划。
but·tons /`batnz; 'bvtnz/ n old-fash for【过时】= BELLBOY
Buttons a character in the PANTOMIME Cinderella. He is
Cinderella's friend. 巴顿斯〔英国童话剧《灰姑娘》中的人物，是
灰姑娘的朋友〕
button-through /'·/ BrE adj (of a piece of clothing) fas
tened (FASTEN) from the top to the bottom with buttons【英】
(衣服)从上到下都有纽扣的：a button-through skirt/dress从
上到下都有纽扣的裙子[连衣裙]
but. tress' /bvtris; 'batres/ n a solid structure built against a
wall as a support 扶壁，撑墙，拱壁 — see also 另见 FLYING BUT
TRESS
buttress2 v [T (UP, with)] to support or strengthen (as if) with
a buttress〔用扶壁〕支撑，加固；支持：Buttressed by its pas
profits, the company stayed in business through a difficult
period. 由于有过去的利润作后盾，公司得以安渡困难时期。
but·ty /`bati; 'bvti/ n BrE dial for【英，方言】= SANDWICH
bux. om /`baksem; 'baksem/ adj apprec (of a woman) attrac
tively fat and healthy-looking, especially having large breasts
【褒】〔女性〕胖得很健美的；〔尤指乳房〕丰满的：a buxom barmaid
乳房丰满的吧女 — compare 比较 BOSOMY
*buy1/bar; bai/ v bought /bot; bo:t/ 1 [I; T] to obtain (something
by paying money 买，购：We bought the house for ￡75, 000. 我
们用76, 000英镑购置了这座房子。| Whether you are buying
or selling, our prices are the best in town! 无论你是买还是
卖，我们的价钱在全镇都是最优惠的。| I'll buy the drinks. 我
来买饮料。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)] Let me buy you a drink. 让我请
你喝杯酒。| [+obj+for] Let me buy a drink for you. 让我买杯
酒给你喝。| We bought it from/(infml 非正式) off our
neighbours. 这是我们从邻居那里买来的。|[obj+adj] I boughi
my car cheaplsecondhand. 我的车买得很便宜；我买的车是二
手货。| I bought it for a song. (=at a very small price)我是以
极低廉的价格买下它的。| A pound doesn't buy as much now
as it did ten years ago. 如今1英镑买不到10年前所能买到的那
么多东西。| (fig. 喻) They bought peace with their freedom
他们以自由为代价换得和平。 — opposite 反义词 sell 2 [T] slang
to accept; be willing to believe【俚】接受；相信：The police will
never buy that story! 警方决不会相信这种说法！ 3 buy it AmE
infml to die, especially as the result of an accident【美，非正
式】死〔尤指死于意外事件)：He fell off a cliff and bought it. 他
坠崖身亡了。4 buy time infml to delay an action or decision in
order to give oneself more time【非正式】设法推迟〔行动，决定
等)，争取时间：I tried to buy time by telling them their cheque
was in the post. 我告诉他们支票已交邮寄出，想以此拖一段时间
buy sthg.  in phr v [T] BrE to buy (a supply of something
in case of future need【英】大量买〔某物]
buy into sthg. phr v [T] AmE infml to believe (an idea)【美
非正式】相信〔观点)：I could never buy into that Scientology
stuff. 我决不会去相信科学论派那套东西。
buy sbdy.  off phr v [T] to pay money to (someone) in
order to persuade them not to cause trouble or carry out a threat
BRIBE买通〔某人〕，向〔某人〕行贿：用钱疏通
buy sbdy. /sthg.  out phr v [T] 1 to gain control of (a
business) by buying all the shares and business rights of (other
people in the business)收购··的股份[股权]，买下·的全部产
权：to buy out a business 收购了一家公司 | He bought his
partner out. 他收买了合伙人的全部股权。 — see also 另见
BUYOUT 2 [(of)] to gain (someone's) freedom, especially for-
merly from the armed forces or slavery, by paying money 出钱
买回自由〔尤指旧时出钱免服兵役或摆脱奴役)：to buy oneself
out (of the army)花钱使自己（从军中）退役
buy sthg.  up phr v [T] to buy all the supplies of 把·全部
买下；囤积；整批收购：All the available building land has been
bought up by property developers. 房地产开发商把所有可供
建筑的地皮都买下来了。
buy2n infml something bought, especially something of value
at a low price【非正式】买下之物；廉价品，便宜货，合算的买卖
It's a good buy at that price! 用这个价钱买下来，很合算！ |
That dress was a bad buy -- I've only worn it once. 那件衣服
买得不合算—我只穿了一次
buy. er /`baie; 'baie/ n a person who buys, especially profes
sionally, for a company or large shop购买者，买主：〔尤指大公
司的)采购员，进货员，买手：a buyer for Harrods 哈罗兹公司
的买手 — compare 比较 SELLER(1)
buver's mar·ket /· '·/ n [S] a situation in which goods are
plentiful, buyers have a lot of choice, and prices tend to be low
买方市场〔货物供过于求而对买者有利的商情〕 — compare 比较
SELLER'S MARKET
buy. out /`baiaut; 'baiaut/ n a situation in which a person or
group gains control of a company by buying all or most of its
shares 全部买下，收购全部或大部分股份[权]：a management
buyout(=by which the managers of a company gain control of
it)经理人员对股份的大量收购〔指经理级人员由此获得对公司的
控制权〕 — see also 另见 BUY out
buzz1 /baz; baz/ ν1 [I] to make the continuous sound that bees
make; HUM 作嗡嗡声：the buzzing of the bees 蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡
声 | (fig. 喻) The crowd/room buzzed with excitement. 人群
中[房间里]发出一片兴奋的说话声。2[I(for);T] to call(some
one) by using a buzzer 用蜂音器召唤〔某人)：She buzzed (for)
her secretary. 她用蜂音器叫自己的秘书。3 [T] infml to fly low
and fast over【非正式】低空掠过：Planes buzzed the crowd as
a warning. 飞机低空掠过人群以示警告。
buzz off phr v [I usually imperative 一般用于祈使句] slang
to go away【俚】走开，滚开：Buzz off and stop bothering me!
快走开，不要烦扰我！
buzz2n 1 [C] a buzzing sound 嗡嗡声，嗞嗞声 2 [S] infml a
telephone call【非正式】一次电话：I'll just give him a buzz. 我
给他打个电话吧。3 also 又作 buzz cut AmE infml a CREW CUT
【美，非正式】平头，板刷头〔发式〕
buz. zard /`baze-d; 'bazed/ n 1 BrE a large bird (a kind of HAWK)
that kills and eats other creatures【英】鸶，鹈鹛〔鹰科猛禽〕 2 AmE
a large black bird (a kind of VULTURE) that eats dead flesh
【美】美洲兀鹰
buzz. er /`baze; 'baze/ n (the sound of) an electric signalling
apparatus that buzzes 蜂音器（的声音） ：Come in when you hear
the buzzer. 你听到蜂音器响就进来
buzz saw /'· ·/ n AmE for【美】= CIRCULAR SAW
buzz. word /bazw3d; 'bazw3:d/ n sometimes derog a word or
phrase related to a specialized subject, which is thought to ex-
press something important but is often hard to understand【有
时贬】〔重要而难懂的)专门术语：the latest computer buzzword
最新的电脑术语
BWL /bi dabelju `ar; bi: dabalju: 'ai/ abbrey, for 缩写= Balti-
more-Washington International airport; a large airport between
Baltimore. Maryland and Washington. D. C. 巴尔的摩一华盛
顿国际机场〔位于马里兰州巴尔的摩与华盛顿市之间的一个大型机
场〕
*by1 /bai; bai/ prep 1 (used, especially with a passive verb, to
show the person or thing that performs an action or causes a
result)被, 由(尤用于被动语态动词之后): I was attacke by a
dog. 一条狗向我猛扑过来。| The building was designed by a
famous architect. 这座建筑物是由一位著名建筑师设计的。
Our crops were destroyed by the storm. 我们的庄稼给暴风雨
毁了。| The plan is opposed by most of the members. 这项计
划遭到大多数成员的反对。| a request by the police for more
public cooperation 由警方提出的要求公众加强合作的呼吁|We
are all alarmed by the rise in violent crime. 我们都由于暴力
犯罪案件的上升而感到震惊。| We were held up by a traffic
jam. 我们由于交通拥挤而被耽搁了。— see 参见 WITH (USAGE)
2 through the use or means of 用··，靠·，借；乘，通过：to trave
by car/bus/train 乘汽车[公共汽车；火车]旅行 | Send it by air
mail, 用航空邮件寄吧。| You can reserve the tickets by phone. 
你可以用电话预定票子。| It's not fair to judge people by their
appearance. 以貌取人是不公平的。| I know her by sight. (=
know what she looks like. ) 我认识她的样子。| [+v-ing] They
but out the fire by pouring water on it. 他们泼水救火。| She
earns her living by selling insurance. 她以推销保险为生。3 pass-
ing through or along 经过，沿，顺，经由：They came in by the
back door. 他们从后门进来。| It's quicker if you go by the
main road. 你如果走大路，可以快些。4 near; beside 靠近，在
旁边：standing by the window 站在窗旁 | Sit by me. 挨着我坐
吧。| I always have/keep a spare set by me. (=close enough
to reach easily)我总多备一套[一副]放在身边。5 past 经过·. ·
旁边：He walked/passed by me without noticing me. 他走[经]
过我身旁而没有注意到我。| I go by the house every day. 我每
天都走过这座房子。6 (used to show the name of the person
who wrote a book, directed a film, made a work of art etc)由·. 
所创作[编著、导演]：a play by Shakespeare 莎士比亚写的戏剧| 
Jaws - a film by Steven Spielberg based on the novel by
Peter Benchley《大白鲨》——由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格根据彼得·本
奇利所写小说改编的影片 7 not later than; before 不迟于，在·
之前：Be here by four o'clock. 在4点钟前来到这里。| Will
you finish it by tomorrow?你可以不迟于明天把它完成吗？
By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died. 在医生到
0226
达时，病人已经死了。|By 1995 the population will have risen
to over 20 million. 到 1995年，人口将超过 2000万。8 in ac-
cordance with 按照；依据：to play by the rules 按照规则比赛|
Profits were f6 million, but by their standards this is quite a
bad result. 利润达到600万英镑, 但按照他们的标准, 这成绩还
很不理想。9 to the amount or degree of 数量[程度]达到··：
The price of oil fell by a further $2 a barrel. 每桶油价又下跌了
2美元。| They overcharged me by ￡3. 他们多收了我3英镑。
It's better by far. (=much better) 它要好得多。10 (used to
show the part taken, held etc 表示手所拿或握的部分)：He led
her by the hand. 他牵着她的手。| I grabbed the hamme by
the handle. 我抓住锤子的柄。11 (in expressions of strong feel-
ing and solemn promises 表示强烈的情感和庄严的诺言)：By
God he's done it! 天哪，他成功了！ | to swear by heaven 对天
发誓 12 (in measurements and numbers 用于量度和数字)：a
room 15 feet by 20 feet 一间 15英尺宽 20英尺长的房间| to
divide 10 by 5 10除以5 |to multiply 10 by 5 10乘以5 13
(used to show a rate or quantity 表示比率或数量)：paid by the
hour 按小时计酬 | You can buy them singly or by the dozen. 
你可以单个买，也可以成打买。14(used to show the size of units
or groups that follow each other 表示次第或逐一)：little by little
一点一点地 | The animals went in two by two. 牲畜一对一对
地进去。| day by day 一天一天地 15 during 在·期间：Cats
sleen by day and hunt by night. 猫在白天睡觉, 夜里捉老鼠。
16 with regard to 关于，就·来说，在··方面是：a doctor by pro
fession职业为医生| frenck by birth_生在法国而为法国人
It's alright by me if you go. 你要去我认为是没问题的。17 (used
without a or the) as a result of 由于；成为··结果〔不与冠词 a
the 连用)：I did it by mistake/by accident. 我做这件事是由于
疏忽[出于偶然]。| better by design 因设计而更好 18 having
(the stated person or animal) as a father 由··所生：She had two
children by her first husband. 她与前夫生了两个孩子。19 (all)
by yourself (completely) alone 单独，独自：He was sitting by
himself. 他孤零零地一个人坐着。| I did it all by myself! （这
全是我自己做的！
*by2 adv 1 past(由旁边)经过：He walked by without noticing
me. 他从旁边经过而没注意到我。| A lot of time has gone by
since then. 从那时起，已经过去很久了。2near在附近：some
people standing by 有些站在一旁的人 3 away or aside for fu-
ture use 存放起来；收着：Try to putlkeep a bit of money by for
the holidays. 试试存一点钱供假日开支。4 especially AmE at
or to another's home【尤美】在[去]别人家中：Stop by/Come by
for a drink after work. 下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。5 by
and by especially lit or old-fash before long; soon【尤文或过
时】不久，很快：You will forget him by and by. 你不久就会忘记
他的。6 by and large on the whole; in general 大体上，一般地
说，总的说来：By and large, your plan is a good one, 总的来
说，你的计划是好的。7 by the by (used when talking about a
subject of secondary importance); INCIDENTALLY 顺便说，顺
便提一句〔用于谈论次要话题时〕：I was doing some shopping
yesterday, by the by bread's gone up again, when I saw Mrs
Jones. . 我昨天正在购物的时候，顺便提一句，面包价格又上涨
了，我看到了琼斯夫人
by- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
By. ars /`baioz; 'baiez/, Bet. sy /`batsi; 'betsi/ (1928- )a US
writer of novels for young people between the ages of 10 and
18. Many of her stories are about the Blossom family. 拜厄斯
〔(1928-)，美国作家，其小说对象为10至18岁的年轻读者群
许多作品都是关于布洛瑟姆一家人的故事〕
bye1 /bai; bai/ also 又作 bye-bye / '/ - interj infml goodbye
【非正式】再见
bye2n (in cricket) a run made off a ball that the hitter (BATSMAN)
did not touch〔板球〕球越过击球员及守门员时得的分数
bye3 n a situation in a sporting competition in which a player or
a team does not have to play against another team until the
next round of the competition 轮空〔指体育比赛中因没有对手
而不用比赛就可进入下一轮)：Our volleyball team has three
byes this seasor. 我们的排球队在本赛季中有三次轮空。
bye-byes /`bai`baiz; 'baibaiz/ especially BrE【尤英】‖ beddy. 
bye AmE【美】- n go to bye-byes (used by or to children) to
go to sleep〔儿语〕去睡觉
by-e·lec·tion, bye-election /'· ··/ n especially BrE a special
election held between regular elections to fill a position whose
former holder has left it or died【尤英】〔英国议会的〕补缺选举
By·el·o·rus·sia /bi. lo`rvfe; bi. eleu'rvfe/ n — see 参见 BELARUS
by. gone1 /`bai gon; 'baigon/ adj [A no comp. 无比较级] gone
by; past; former 过去的，已往的，以前的：in bygone days 昔日
relics of a bygone era 以往时代的遗迹
ygone2n 1 a bygone object or machine no longer in use 不再
使用的旧物[机器] 2 let bygones be bygones infml to forget
and forgive past quarrels【非正式】过去的事就让它过去吧
by·law /`bar lo; 'bailo;/ n 1 BrE a special law or rule made not
by a national government, but by a local council, a railway etc
【英】〔地方议会、铁路等所订的〕地方法；规则 2 AmE a rule made
by an organization for governing its own affairs【美】〔组织、社
团的〕章程，会章
by-line /'/ n a line at the beginning of a newspaper or maga-
zine article giving the writer's name〔报纸、杂志文章题目下的)
作者署名行
BYOB /bi wai o `bi; bi: wai eu 'bi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= Bring
Your Own Bottle, or Bring Your Own Booze (=alcoholic
drink); written on a party invitation to ask guests to bring an
alcoholic drink with them. In Australia, this expression is also
used to mean a restaurant where customers can bring their own
alcohol. 酒类自带〔用于宴会请柬上。在澳大利亚，该词也指顾客
能自带酒类饮料的餐馆)：IsitaBYOB?这是个自己能带酒来喝
的餐馆吗？
by. pass1 /`bai paes; 'baipa:s/ n 1 a road that passes round the
side of a town or other busy area〔市镇或热闹地区为疏散交通
的)旁道，间道，小路：Take the bypass to avoid the traffic in
the town centre. 为避开市镇中心的交通拥挤，还是走旁道吧
2 tech an apparatus for sending a flow of gas, liquid etc, round. 
instead of through, something else【术语】〔使气体、流质等绕道
流通的〕旁通管，分流器，辅助管：He's had heart bypass surgery
(=directing blood through new blood tubes outside the heart)
他做了心脏分流手术
bypass2v [T] to avoid, especially by going round 避开：绕·. 而
行：If we bypass the town we'll miss the rush hour traffic. 如
果我们绕过市中心，就可避开交通高峰时间的拥挤。|Ibypassed
the usual complaints procedure by writing directly to the
owner of the company. 我绕过通常的投诉程序，直接写信给公
司的老板。
by. play /`bai ple; 'baiplei/ n [U] action of less importance go-
ing on at the same time as the main action, especially in a play
〔尤指戏中的〕穿插动作：枝节
by-prod. uct /'·/ n [(of)] 1 something additional that is pro-
duced during the making of something else 副产品：Silver is
often obtained as a by-product during the separation of lead
from rock. 在分离岩石和铅的过程中，往往会获得银这个副产品。
2 an additional result, sometimes unexpected or unintended
意外收获，额外收获；附带的结果 — compare 比较 END PRODUCT
byre /bair; baie/ n BrE old-fash a farm building for cattle:
COWSHED【英，过时】牛棚
Byron /`bairen; 'baiaren/, Lord (1788-1824) an English writer
of ROMANTIC and SATIRICAL poetry, best known for poems
such as Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. He is also
remembered for his romantic life which included many famous
love affairs and for his death of fever in Greece while fighting
against the Turks for Greek independence. 拜伦〔(1788-1824)，
英国诗人，著有浪漫主义和讽刺诗集，以《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》
和《唐璜》等诗最为出名。他的多次著名恋爱的浪漫生活，以及在
抗击土耳其争取希腊独立的过程中因发高烧而病逝于希腊的经历，
都给人们留下深刻印象
by. stand·er /bai staende; 'bai staende/ n a person standing near. 
but not taking part in, what is happening; ONLOOKER 旁观者，
局外人，看热闹的人：The police asked some of the bystanders
about the accident. 警方向一些旁观者了解出事的情况。| I
wasn't involved in the fight-I'm just an innocent bystander. 
我没有卷入这场打架，我只是个不相干的旁观者
byte /bait; bait/ n tech a unit of computer information equal to
eight BITS3【术语】〔电脑的〕二进位组；位元组〔由八位元构成〕-
compare 比较 BIT3
by·way /`bai, we; 'baiwei/ also 又作 by·road /`bairod; 'baireud/
— n a mall road or path which is not much used or know_偏
僻小路，间道：the highways and byways of Britain 英国的公路
和偏僻小道|(fig. 喻) the byways (=less well-known parts) of
English literature 英国文学中鲜为人知的部分
by·word /`bai w3·d: 'baiw3:d/ n [(for)](the name of) a person. 
place, or thing that is regarded as representing some quality
〔人、地、物的〕别名，绰号；代名词：The dictator's name had
become a byword for cruelty and injustice. 那独裁者的名字成
了残暴和非正义的代名词。
by. zan·tine /bi`zaentin; bai'zaentain/ adj fml, often derog secret, 
indirect, and difficult to understand; very COMPLICATED【正式，
常贬】错综复杂的；弄不明白的；诡计多端的：the byzantine com. 
plexity of our tax laws我们繁杂难懂的税务法
Byzantine adjof or concerning the ancient city of Byzantium
or the EMPIRE of which it was the centre. Constantine the Great
was responsible for the establishment of the Byzantine empire. 
which is said to date from the setting up in 330 AD of the city
0227
of Constantinople, on the place where Byzantium had formerly
stood(关于)拜占庭城的；拜占庭帝国的；拜占庭风格的〔君士坦
丁大帝建立了拜占庭帝国，据说这要追溯到公元330年在拜占庭
原址建立君士坦丁堡的时候)：Byzantine art/architecture/mu-
sic拜占庭风格的艺术[建筑；音乐]
By. zan·ti·um /br`zaenfrem; bi'zaentiem/ an ancient city, centre
of the Byzantine Empire. The city was renamed Constantinople
by Constantine the Great, and is now called Istanbul. 拜占庭
〔古代城市，为拜占庭帝国的中心。君士坦丁大帝曾将它改名君士
坦丁堡，现称伊斯坦布尔〕
0228
C. c /si; si:/ C's, c's or Cs, cs 1 the third letter of the English
alphabet 英语字母的第3个字母 2 the ROMAN NUMERAL
(=number) for 100 罗马数字一百 3 a mark given to a student's
work to show that it is of average standard 〔表示学业成绩的〕
丙级，中等 — see also另见GRADE1(3)
c written abbrev. for 缩写= 1 also 又作 ca - CIRCA (=about)大
约，左右：born c 1830生于1830年前后2 CUBIC立方3CEN-
TIMETRE(S)厘米 4(in a small circle) COPYRIGHT〔置于小圆圈
内〕版权
C11 the first note in the musical SCALE of C, or the musical KEY
based on this note C 大调音阶的第一个音符，C音：C调2a
GRADE given to a student's work. An exam or piece of written
work that gets a C is of average quality. (表示中等学业成绩的)
C级，丙级，丙等，中 — see also另见 C-SECTION, C-IN-C, C OF E
C2 written abbrev. for 缩写= CELSIUS(=CENTIGRADE)摄氏的：
Water boils at 100℃. 水在摄氏100度时沸腾。
C++n [U] a language used for writing computer programs, es-
pecially programs that have pictures, sound, VIDEO etc in them
It is based on an earlier computer language called ‘C'. C++语
言〔电脑应用程序设计语言，尤用于编写带有图像、声音、动画等的
程序，它以早期的C语言为基础
C& A/, si end `e; si: end 'ei/ trademark a large British store i
many towns in the UK, known for selling inexpensive clothes
【商标】C&A商店〔英国大型服装连锁店，以出售廉价服装著称〕
C& W/ si end`dablju;si: end 'dabalju:/n [U] abbrev. for 缩写
= COUNTRY AND WESTERN
C1 /，si `wan; si: 'wan/ n BrE a word used by advertising
companies, political parties etc to talk about a typical WORKING-
CLASS person who does a MANUAL job (=working with the
hands)that needs a lot of skill【英】〔广告公司、政治党派等所指
的)技术工人：Most of the voters in this area are CJs. 这个地
区的大多数选民是技术工人。— compare 比较 C2
C2/si`tu; si: 'tu:/n BrE a word used by advertising companies, 
political parties etc to talk about a typical WORKING-CLASS
person who does a low-paid job that does not need much skill
【英】〔广告公司、政治党派等所指的〕普通工人：trying to capture
the C2 vote 设法获得普通工人的选票 | advertising aimed
mainly at the Cls and C2s 主要针对技术工人和普通工人的广
告 — compare 比较C1
C4 written abbrey, for 缩写= CHANNEL 4
CA written abbrev. for 缩写= CALIFORNIA
CAA, the /si e`e; si: er 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写= the CIVIL AVIA
TION AUTHORITY
cab /kaeb; kaeb/ n 1 a taxi 出租车：Shall we walk or take a cabl
go by cab?我们步行（去）还是坐出租车（去）？2 the part of a
bus, railway engine etc, in which the driver sits or stands 〔公共
汽车、火车等的司机室，驾驶室3(in former times)a horse-
drawn carriage for hire〔旧时的〕出租马车
CAB /si e `bi; si:eI 'bi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= CITIZEN'S ADVICE
BUREAU
ca-bal /ke`bael; ke'bael/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] derog a small group of
people who make secret plans for (especially political) action
【贬】〔尤指政治〕阴谋集团，秘密组织
ca·ba·la, cabbala, cabbalah /ke`bale;ke'ba:le/ also 又作
kabala, kabbala, kabbalah n 1 [U] a system of Jewish belief
based on getting hidden meanings from the Old Testament and
other writings, e. g. to see into the future 喀巴拉，犹太教神秘哲
学〔一种犹太教信仰体系，以发掘《旧约》等著作的隐含意义来预知
未来等作为基础)2 [C] an old, mysterious, or secret art or sub
jct玄术;玄说 -- cabalisn /`kaebalizen; 'kaebaliza/ n[U
- cabalistic /kaebe`listik;kaebe'listikadj
Ca. bal. le /kaebe je; kaebae'jei/, Mont. ser. rat /，mantse`raet;
montse'raet/(1933-)a Spanish OPERA singer, who is one of
the most important SOPRANOS (=women with high singing
voices) of the 20th century 卡伐勒〔(1933-)，西班牙歌剧演唱
家，20世纪最杰出的女高音之
cab. a. ret/kaebe`re; 'kaeberei/ n [C; U](a) performance of popu-
lar music and dancing while guests in a restaurant have a meal. 
usually at night 餐馆夜间的歌舞表演
Cabaret (1972) a US film with singing and dancing, in which
Liza Minelli appears as a singer in a NIGHTCLUB who lives
with her lover in Berlin in the 1930s, before the Nazis took
complete power《卡巴莱》〔(1972)，美国歌舞影片，讲述20世纪
30年代纳粹分子上台前一名夜总会歌女与其恋人住在柏林的故
事，歌女由利莎明纳利扮演〕
cab. bage /kaebid3; 'kaebid3/n 1 [C; U] a large round vegetable
with thick green leaves used (usually cooked) as food甘蓝，洋
白菜，卷心菜 — compare 比较 LETTUCE 2 [C] BrE infml【英，
非正式】a derog an inactive person who takes no interest in
anything【贬】对一切漠不关心的人 b vegetable AmE【美】some-
one who has lost the ability to think, move etc as a result of
illness, brain damage etc〔因疾病、脑部受伤等而变成〕植物人
Cabbage Patch doll /'/ trademark a type of DOLL that
looks like a small fat child. All Cabbage Patch dolls are slightly
different from one another. 【商标】椰菜娃娃，卷心菜玩具娃娃〔形
似胖小孩的一种玩具娃娃，每个玩具娃娃都略有不同〕
cab·by, cab·bie /kaebr; 'kaebi/ also 又作 cab·driv·er /kaeb drarve:
'kaeb, draive/ especially AmE【尤美】- n infml a taxi driver. 
In Britain, cabbies, especially London cabbies, are famous
for talking a lot to their passengers and expressing strong
opinions, especially about politics. 【非正式】出租汽车司机〔在
英国，出租车司机，尤其是伦敦的出租车司机，以爱与乘客交谈、表
达强烈的政治观点而闻名〕
ca. ber /keba; 'keibe/ n a long heavy wooden pole used in Scot-
land in a sports competition (tossing the caber) in which the
pole is thrown into the air as a test of strength〔苏格兰比赛力气
运动中用于投掷的〕粗大的长木柱
Cab. er. net Sau. vi. gnon /kaebane sovin jon; kaebener seovi:n-
'jon/ n 1 [U] a type of GRAPE grown for making wine 〔酿酒用
的〕卡百内葡萄2[C;U] a type of red wine produced from
Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in various countries throughout the
world 卡百内红葡萄酒〔以卡百内葡萄酿制的一种红葡萄酒，世界
各地都有生产〕
cab. in /`kaebin; 'kaebn/ n 1 a room on a ship usually used for
sleeping〔船上的)客舱，房舱 2 the smal enclosed space at the
front of an aircraft in which the pilot sits〔飞机上的)驾驶舱 3 a
small roughly built, usually wooden, house 小木屋：They lived
in a little log cabin in the mountains. 他们住在山上一座小木
屋里。
cabin boy /'·. / n a boy who is a servant on a ship 船舱服务员
[侍应生]
cabin class /'. /n [U] (on a ship) the travelling conditions
which are better and dearer than TOURIST CLASS but worse and
cheaper than FIRST CLASS〔船上的〕二等舱：I always travel
cabin class. 我每次旅行总是乘坐二等舱。| a cabin-class ticket
二等舱船票
cabin cruis. er /'. . /n a large motor boat with one or more
cabins〔有一个或多个房舱的〕大游艇
cab. i·net /`kaebonit; 'kaebnt/ n1 a piece of furniture, with
shelves and drawers or doors, used for storing or showing things
橱；陈列柜：a filing cabinet 公文柜，档案柜 | a medicine cabi
net 药品柜 | I keep my collection of old china in the cabinet
我把古瓷器收藏品存放在橱里。— compare 比较 CUPBOARD
2 [+sing. /pl. v] (often cap. 常用大写)(in various countries)
the most important ministers of the government, who meet as
a group to make decisions or to advise the head of the govern
ment 〔某些国家的政府〕内阁：The cabinet meets/meet tomor-
row to discuss this problem. 内阁明天开会，讨论这个问题。
This will be discussed in cabinet (=in a meeting of the cabinet)
next week. 此事将在下星期内阁会议上讨论
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 the Cabinet In the US
and British political systems, most important decisions are
made by the President or Prime Minister and his or her
cabinet, who have regular meetings. The members of the
cabinet are the heads of government departments, such as
the country's department of education or department of
transportation. In the UK, cabinet ministers are chosen from
the members of Parliament. In the US, however, the mem-
bers of the cabinet are not chosen from Congress. 内阁：在
美国和英国的政治体系中，重要决议是由总统或首相及其内阁
0229
作出的，他们定期会晤。内阁成员都是政府各部门首脑，如国
家教育部的首脑、交通运输部的首脑。在英国，内阁大臣从议
会议员中选出、而在美国、内阁成员不是选自国会
cabinet-mak·er /'·. . ·/ n a maker or repairer of fine furniture
制造[修理]精致家具的木匠，细木工
cabinet min. is. ter /，. . '·. / n a government minister who is a
member of the cabinet 内阁部长[大臣]
Cabinet re-shuf. fle /. . . '. / n a change in the members of the
British Cabinet, decided by the Prime Minister, in which some
members are given different jobs, some members lose their
jobs, and new members are brought in 内阁改组〔指英国内阁成
员的变动，由首相决定，包括某些内阁成员的职务变动和任免
cabin fe. ver /'. . ·/ n [U] AmE a condition that results from one
being forced to spend too much time indoors, especially in
winter because of bad weather. Sufferers become very bad-
tempered and may behave strangely. 【美】幽闭烦躁症〔尤其是
冬天天气不好的时候, 长期被迫呆在室内引起的一种病症。患者通
常脾气暴躁，可能有古怪的行为〕
ca·ble1 /`kebl; 'keibal/ n 1 [C; U] (a length of) thick strong
usually metal rope used on ships, to support bridges etc〔用于
船只、桥梁等上的〕巨缆，钢索2[C] a set of wires which carry
telephone messages, television signals etc 电缆：an underwa
ter telephone cable 海底电话电缆 | a cable connecting a
printer to a computer 连接电脑和打印机的电缆 3 [C] also_又
作ca·ble·gram /-，graem;- graem/ fml【正式】- a TELEGRAM
电报 4 [U] also 又作 cable stitch /'· ·/ - a twisted and knot-
ted pattern of thread, used in knitting (KNIT)〔编织物的〕缆索状
花样5[U] CABLE TELEVISION 有线电视
cable2v [I; T] to send (something) or tell (someone) by TELE
GRAM给〔某人〕发电报：打电报告诉〔某人〕〔某事〕；把··电汇给
We cabled the news to London. 我们把这消息用电报发往伦
敦。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)] She cabled him some money. 她电汇给
他一笔钱
Cable and Wire·less /·. '·/ trademark one of the world's
leading TELECOMMUNICATIONS companies【商标】英国大东电报
局〔世界主要电讯公司之一〕
cable car /'. / n 1 a vehicle which is supported in the air and
pulled by a continuous cable, used for carrying people to the
tops of mountains or other steep slopes （悬空）缆车，吊车 2 a
vehicle used in cities, especially in San Francisco, California, 
which is pulled by a continuously moving underground cable
〔尤指加利福尼亚州圣弗朗西斯科的〕有轨缆车
cable rail·way /'·，. ·/ n a railway along which vehicles are
pulled by a continuous cable driven by a motor, used espe-
cially where there are very steep slopes(登山)缆车索道
cable tel·e·vi·sion /，· ·'·/ also又作 cable TV /，· . '·/， cable - 
[U] a system of broadcasting television by cable, usually paid
for by the user, and giving the user a choice of more CHAN-
NELS to watch than the usual channels which every television
receives. It is also used in areas where the television picture
would otherwise not be very good. In the US, different cable
television companies operate in different areas, sometimes of-
fering a large number of different channels for a monthly
charge. 有线电视〔它能向用户提供更多的频道，也应用于电视图
像接收质量不佳的地区。在美国，不同地区有不同的有线电视公
司，有时开播大量频道，每月收费一次〕 — compare 比较 SATEL-
LITE TELEVISION
ca·boo·dle /ke`budl; ke'bu:dl/ n the whole caboodle also又作
kit and caboodle especially AmE slang the whole lot; every. 
thing【尤美俚】全部人或东西
ca·boose /ke`bus; ke'bu:s/ n AmE for【美】= GUARD'S VAN
Cab·ot /`kaebet; 'kaebet/, John (？1450-1498) an Italian sailor
and EXPLORER who worked for the English king Henry VII. 
and who reached the coast of N America in 1497 卡伯特〔 (？
1450-1498), 意大利航海家和探险家，曾效力于英国国王亨利七
世，1497年到达北美洲的海岸〕
cab rank /'· ·/ also 又作 cab·stand - n AmE for【美】= TAXI
RANK
Ca. bri·ni /kae`brini; kae'bri:ni/, St Fran. ces Xa. vi. er /`fraensis
zevir; 'fra:nss 'zeivie/ (1850-1917) also known as Mother
Cabrini; a Roman Catholic NUN (=a member of a group of
religious women), who was born in Italy but lived in the US, 
and who built schools, hospitals, and CONVENTS (=buildings
where nuns live) in many US cities. She became the first US
citizen to be named a SAINT. Many churches and other institu-
tions are named after her. 圣·卡布里尼〔 (1850-1917)，又称卡
布里尼嬷嬷，罗马天主教修女，出生于意大利但一直生活在美国，
曾在美国许多城市修建学校、医院和女修道院。她是第一位被追谥
为圣徒的美国公民。多家教堂和社会公共机构以她的名字命名)
cab·ri·o·let /kaebrie`le; 'kaebrielei/n a CONVERTIBLE2折篷汽车
cab·stand /`kaeb staend; 'kaebstaend/ n especially AmE for【尤
美】=TAXIRANK
ca. cao /ke`kao; ke'kau/ n [U](the tropical tree which produces)
a seed from which COCOA and chocolate are made 可可豆；可
可树
cac·cia·to·re /katfe`tori;kaetfe'to:ri/ adj [after n用于名词后
AmE (of meat) cooked with TOMATOes, MUSHROOMS, and
HERBS【美】〔指肉类加番茄、蘑菇以及香草〕罐焖的：chicken
cacciatore 罐焖鸡
cache /kaef; kae[/ n [(of)] a secret store of things, or the place
where they are hidden 隐藏物；隐藏处：Police discovered a
cache of weapons in the terrorists' hide-out. 警方在恐怖分子
的藏身之处发现了一批隐藏的武器
cach. et /kae`fe; 'kaefei/ n [U] something that brings respect;
PRESTIGE 声望，（高贵的）身份：He gets a lot of cachet from
having such a famous sister. 他因有如此著名的姐姐而大大提
高了自己的声望
cack-hand-ed /kaek `haendid; kaek 'haendd/ adj BrE infml
awkward and unskilful; CLUMSY【英，非正式】笨手笨脚的
cack. le1 /`kaekl; 'kaekal/ v[I] 1 to make the noise that a hen
makes, especially after laying an egg作格格声〔如母鸡下蛋
后发出的叫声)2 to laugh or talk unpleasantly with henlike
sounds 喋喋而谈；格格地笑；高声谈笑：old ladies cackling over
the latest scandal 喋喋不休地谈论着最近丑闻的几个老太婆-
-ler n
cackle2 n 1 the sound of cackling, especially a short high laugh
格格声，（尤指）格格的尖笑声：cackles of amusement 格格的欢
笑声 2 cut the cackle BrE slang to stop talking when impor-
tant action needs to be taken【英俚】停止扯谈，别再饶舌了〔还
有要事急待处理〕
ca·coph·o·ny /ke`kafeni; ke'kpfani/ n [S] an unpleasant mix-
ture of loud sounds 刺耳嘈杂的声音 - -nous adj
cac. tus /`kaektes; 'kaektes/ n -tuses or -ti
/-tai; -tai/ a desert plant protected by
cactuses
仙人掌
sharp points (PRICKLEs), with thick
fleshy stems and leaves 〔植物〕仙人掌
cad /kaed; kaed/ n old-fash derog a man
who behaves dishonourably【旧，贬】卑鄙
下流的男人，无赖：You cheated, you cad!
你骗人，你这个卑鄙的家伙！ — ~dish adj
CAD /，si e `di; si: ei'di:; kaed; kaed/ abbrev. 
for 缩写=COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
ca·dav·er /ke`daey: ke'deive/n espe. 
cially med a dead humar body【尤医】
〔人的〕尸体
ca. dav. er. ous /ke`daeveres; ke'daeveres/
adj fml looking like a dead body; very pale; thin and unhealthy
【正式】死人似的，尸体般的；面色灰白的；枯槁的：his hollow
cadaverous cheeks 他那瘦削得像死尸般的脸颊
Cad. bu. ry /kaedberi; 'kaedbari/ trademark a British company
that makes many different chocolate products【商标】吉百利公
司〔英国一家生产各种巧克力制品的公司)：a box of Cadbury's
Milk Tray chocolates 一盒吉百利巧克力
CAD/CAM /`kaedkaem;'kaedkaem/ n [U] abbrev. for 缩写=com
puter-aided design and manufacture; the use of computers to
design and make industrial products 电脑辅助设计和制造；电
脑辅助生产系统
cad-die also 又作 caddy /`kaedi; 'kaedi/ n a person who carries
GOLF CLUBS for someone else who is playing 球童，杆弟〔为打
高尔夫球者背球棒或拾球的人)- caddie ν[I(for)]
cad·dy /`kaedi; 'kaedi/ n 1 a TEA CADDY 茶叶罐，茶叶盒 2 cad. 
die 球童
Caddy n an informal name for a CADILLAC卡迪〔卡迪拉克轿车
的非正式叫法〕
ca·dence /`kedns; 'keidans/ n 1 a a regular beat of sound:
RHYTHM 节奏，韵律 b a set of CHORDs at the end of a phrase of
music〔乐章、乐曲的一组〕结尾和弦，终止式 2 the rise and fall
of the human voice, especially in reading poetry〔尤指朗读诗
歌时音调的〕抑扬顿挫
ca·den·za /ke`dnze; ke'denze/ n tech a part of a piece of music
especially a CONCERTO, that is very decorative and is played
by a single musician【术语】〔尤指协奏曲中独奏者演奏的〕华彩
乐段
ca. det /ke`dat; ke'det/ n 1 a person being trained to become an
officer in one of the armed forces or the police〔军官学校或警
官学校的)学员 2 a member of a cadet corps 军训队的成员
cadet corps // n cadet corps [C+sing. /pl. v] an organiza-
tion which gives simple military training to pupils in some
0230
British schools〔英国某些学校中给学生进行军训的)军训队（组
织)
cadge /kaed3; kaed3/ v [I; T (from, off, for)] infml derog to get
or try to get (something) by asking, especially taking advan-
tage of other people's generosity【非正式，贬】乞讨；索取：He's
always cadging cigarettes(fromloff me). 他总是（向我）讨香
烟抽。| a dog cadging for scraps 向人讨吃剩饭菜的狗
cadger n
Cad·il-lac /`kaedilaek; 'kaedilaek/ trademark Caddy infml【非正
式】a type of large, expensive, and comfortable car made in the
US【商标】卡迪拉克轿车〔美国生产的一种大型、昂贵、舒适的轿
车〕
cad·mi·um /kaedmiem; 'kaedmiem/ n [U] a soft-bluish white
metal that is a simple substance (ELEMENT)〔金属元素)镉
ca. dre /kade; 'ka:de/ n 1 [+sing. /pl. v] an inner group of highly
trained and active people in a political party or military force
〔政党或军队中的〕骨干队伍 2 a member of such a group 干部，
骨干（分子）
Caer·nar. fon, Caernarvon /kar`narven; ke'na:ven/ a smal
town in NW Wales, known for its castle where the British king
or queen's oldest son is given the official royal title Prince of
Wales. Prince Charles's INVESTITURE(=ceremony for receiv-
ing this title) took place there in 1969. 卡那封〔位于威尔士西北
部的一个小镇，以那里的一个城堡著称。这个城堡是英国国王或女
王的长子被册封为威尔士亲王的地方。1969年查尔斯王子的册封
仪式即在此举行〕
Caer. phil. ly /kar`fili; ke'fili/ n [U] a type of white cheese that
does not have a strong taste, originally made in Caerphilly in S
Wales 卡菲利干酪〔一种原产于南威尔士卡菲利的白干酪，味道不
浓〕
Cae·sar/`size; 'si:ze/, Ju·li·us /`d3ulies;'d3u:lies/ (100-44 BC)
a Roman politician, military leader, and writer, who took con
trol of the government of Rome and changed it from a REPUB-
LIC to an EMPIRE, making himself the first Roman emperor. 
For this reason, he was murdered by Brutus and Cassius, and
Shakespeare wrote a play called Julius Caesar which describes
these events. He is also known as the first Roman leader to
attack Britain. 凯撒〔（公元前100-前44），罗马政治家、军事领
袖和作家。他当时控制了政府并将罗马从一个共和国转变为帝国，
成为第一个罗马皇帝，为此遭布鲁图和卡修斯谋杀。莎士比亚在剧
本《尤利乌斯·凯撒》中描述了这些事件。凯撒还是进攻英国的第一
位罗马领袖〕
cae·sar·e·an, ce-, -ian /si`zerion; s'zearien/ also 又作 caesar
ean sec·tion /·'·/， C-section fml【正式】- n an operation
in which a woman's body is cut open to allow a baby to be
taken out, when an ordinary birth may be difficult 剖腹产（手
术) ：Our first baby was born by caesarean. 我们第一个小孩
是剖腹产生下来的
Caesar sal-ad /'. . ·/ n [C; U] a type of cold food consisting of
lettuce with croutons, and sometimes also boiled eggs. 
covered in a special SALAD DRESSING 凯撒什锦沙拉〔一种用生
菜和油炸面包丁，有时还加上熟鸡蛋，浇上特制的沙拉酱做成的冷
菜〕
cae. su. ra /si`3ure; si'zjuere/ n a pause in the middle of a line of
poetry〔一行诗中间的〕停顿
caf·e. cafe /ke`fe; 'kaefei/ n 1 a small restaurant where light
meals and drinks (in Britain only nonalcoholic drinks) are
served. Cafes are used by people looking for a cheap meal or
drink or somewhere to pass some time. 咖啡馆；小餐馆，〔英国
不供应酒的〕速简餐厅，快餐餐厅〔有些人要找个便宜的地方吃饭
喝点东西或打发时间，就会去那里)2 a place on a computer NET
WORK where people can discuss things electronically 网络聊
天室 — compare 比较 RESTAURANT, COFFEE SHOP
caf. e. te. ri. a/, kaefe tirie;, kaef'tiarie/ n a restaurant where people
collect their own food and drink and carry it to the tables, of
ten in a shop, factory, college etc〔常设在商店、工厂、学校中的〕
自助餐厅 [食堂]：The food in the school cafeteria is very good
value. 学校食堂的饭菜很实惠。 — compare 比较 CANTEEN
caf. e. tiere /，kaefe`tjer; kaefe'tjee/ n a special pot for making
coffee. It has a metal filter which pushes the coffee grounds
to the bottom of the pot. 咖啡滤壶
caff /kaef; kaef/ n [C] BrE infml a CAFE【英，非正式】咖啡馆；小餐
馆
caf-feine /`kaefin; 'kaefi:n/ n [U] a drug found in coffee and tea
which acts as a STIMULANT (=something which makes people
feel more active). Too much caffeine is now generally consid-
ered to be a bad thing, and there has been an increase in caf-
feine-free drinks, 咖啡因[碱]〔现在人们普遍认为摄入过多的咖
啡因不是件好事，因此，不含咖啡因的饮料数量正在上升
Caf-frey's /kaefriz; 'kaefriz/ trademark a type of Irish beer sold
in the UK【商标】“卡弗里斯”牌啤酒〔在英国出售的一种爱尔兰
啤酒`
caf·tan, kaftan /`kaeftaen; 'kaeftaen/ n a long loose garment, usu-
ally of cotton or silk, worn in the Near and Middle East. Caf-
tans were very popular in Britain in the 1960s and 70s, espe-
cially with HIPPIES. 〔中东及近东地区人穿的〕宽松长袍〔20世纪
60、70年代在英国很流行，尤其受嬉皮士的欢迎
*cage1/ked3; keid3/ n 1 an enclosure made of wires or bars in
which animals or birds are kept or carried 笼子：a bird cage 鸟
笼 | a tiger in its cage at the zoo 关在动物园兽笼内的老虎 2 an
apparatus for raising and lowering people and equipment in a
mine〔矿井内的〕罐笼，升降车
cage2v [T] to put into a cage 把··关进笼中：caged birds 关在笼
中的鸟 | (fig. 喻) Mothers of young children often feel caged
in staying at home all day. 带小孩子的妈妈往往有一种整天被
囚禁在家里的感觉。
Cage. Nicholas (1964-)a US actor whose films include Wild
at Heart (1990) and Leaving Las Vegas (1995)尼古拉斯·凯奇
〔(1964-)，美国演员，演过《不羁的心》(1990)和《两颗绝望的
心》(1995)
cag. ey /ked3i; 'keid3i/ adjinfml unwilling to talk freely or pro-
vide information; WARY【非正式】〔言谈〕小心谨慎的：She's very
cagey about her past life. 她对自己过去的生活守口如瓶。- -ily
adv - -iness n [U]
Cag·ney /`kaegni; 'kaegni/, James (1899-1986) a US film ac-
tor known for appearing as a GANGSTER(=a member of a vio-
lent group of criminals) in films such as The Public Enemy
(1931) and White Heat (1949). He is supposed to have said
You dirty rat'in one of his films and people often remember
this phrase when they think of him. 卡格尼〔 (1899-1986)，美
国电影演员，以在《社会公敌》(1931)、《白热》(1949)等影片中扮
演匪徒而闻名。他在一部影片中说过“你这个卑鄙小人”，人们想
起他时还常记得这句台词〕
ca. goule /ke`gul; ke'gu:l/ n BrE a long light waterproof coat
with a protective cover for the head, like a thin ANORAK【英】
带风帽的薄雨衣
ca-hoots /ke`huts; ke'hu:ts/ n in cahoots (with) slang in part
nership(with), usually for a dishonest purpose【俚】（与. ）合
伙；（与··）共谋 [勾结]：The bank robbers and the police were
in cahoots. 抢劫银行者与警察互相勾结。| The bank robbers
were in cahoots with the police. 抢劫银行者与警察互相勾结。
CAl, the /，si e `aI; si: ei 'ai/ abbrev. for 缩写= the Confedera-
tion of Australian Industry; an Australian organization that
helps Australia's industries and businesses to become more
successful 澳大利亚工业联合会〔促进澳大利亚工商业发展的一
个组织〕
Cain /ken; kein/ in the Old Testament of the Bible, ADAM and
EVE's first son, who killed his younger brother Abel, and there-
fore became the first ever murderer 该隐〔《圣经·旧约》中亚当
和夏娃的长子，曾杀其弟亚伯而成为人类首位杀人凶手〕— see
also 另见 RAISE CAIN (RAISE1(14)
Caine /ken; kein/, Mi. chael /`maikl; 'maikal/(1933-) a Brit-
ish film actor, famous since the 1960s, and known for his AC
CENT (=way of speaking) which shows that he was born in
London. His many films include Alfie (1966) and Educating
Rita (1983)， and he is also known for using the phrase'Not a
lot of people know that'. 迈克尔·凯恩〔(1933-)，英国电影演
员，成名于20世纪60年代，以其地道的伦敦口音著称。他演出过
许多影片，包括《阿尔菲》(1966)和《教育丽塔》(1983)。他还以
说过“知道那事儿的人不多”这句话闻名〕
ca. ique /ka`ik; ka:'i:k/ n a small boat used in the E Mediterra. 
nean〔地中海东部地区的〕小帆船
cairn /kern; keen/ n a pile of stones set up, especially on moun-
tain tops, to mark a place or remind people of someone or some
thing〔尤指在山顶作标记或纪念的)石堆，石冢，堆石标
Cairn-gorms, the /`kerngormz; 'keengo:mz/ a group of moun-
tains in Scotland, known as a popular place for walking and
climbing. The skiing (SKI) centre at AVIEMORE is in the
Cairngorms. 凯恩戈姆山脉〔位于苏格兰，以适宜徒步旅行和爬山
的好去处而闻名，阿维莫尔镇的滑雪中心即位于此山上〕
Cairns /kernz; keenz/ a city and port on the NE coast of Austra-
lia in the state of Queensland 凯恩斯〔澳大利亚东北沿岸一港口
城市，位于昆士兰省境内〕
Cai. ro /`kairo; 'kaiareu/ the capital and largest city of Egypt, a
port on the River Nile in the north of the country. Cairo is an
important centre for business and industry, and has many MU-
SEUMS and historic buildings. 开罗〔埃及首都和最大的城市，埃
及北部尼罗河港埠。它是重要的工商业中心，有许多博物馆和古建
筑〕
cais·son /`kesn; 'keisan/ n 1 also 又作 cofferdam, coffer - a
0231
large box filled with air, which allows people to work under
water, e. g. when building bridges〔水下施工用的)沉箱，潜水箱
2 a large box, usually on two wheels, for carrying AMMUNITION
〔两轮的〕弹药车
ca·jole /ke`d3ol; ke'd3eul/v [I; T (into, out of)] to persuade by
praise or false promises; COAX〔用甜言蜜语)哄骗，劝诱：His
technique is to cajole his staff rather than threaten them. 他
对付属下的办法是连哄带骗，而不是威吓。| She's always ca-
joling people into doing things for her. 她老是说些别人喜欢
听的好话，哄别人替她办事。
Ca. jun /`ked3en; 'keid3an/ n a member of a people living in
Louisiana in the US, who were originally French-Canadian. 
Cajuns have their own language, which is related to French. 
and they are also known for their lively music and for their
cooking, which is SPICY and uses a lot of fish and SHELLFISH
阿卡迪亚人〔居住在美国路易斯安那州，为法裔加拿大人的后代。
他们有自己的语言，与法语有渊源。他们以轻快的音乐及烹饪著
称，菜肴味道辛辣，使用大量鱼类和贝类作为原料〕 — see also另
见 GUMBO, JAMBALAYA - Cajun adj; a Cajun band 一支阿
卡迪亚人乐队| a Cajun restaurant一家阿卡迪亚人餐厅
*cake1/kek; keik/ n 1 [C; U] (a piece of) a soft food made by
baking a sweet mixture of flour, eggs, sugar etc 糕饼，蛋糕：to
bake a cake 烤蛋糕 | a chocolate cake 巧克力蛋糕 | a birth
day cake 生日蛋糕 | Woula you like some cakel slic of
cake?你要不要来点[一块]蛋糕？ — compare 比较 BISCUIT:
see also 另见 CHRISTMAS CAKE, CUP CAKE, MADEIRA CAKE
2 [C] (often in comb. 常构成复合词) a flat-shaped piece of
something, especially food 饼状物〔尤指食物)：a potato cake
马铃薯[土豆]饼| a fishcake 鱼肉饼| a cake of soap 一块肥
皂3 [the+S] the total amount, especially of money or goods. 
that is to be shared among everyone 〔人人均有份的钱或货物的)
总数，总量，总额：The people of the Third World want a big
ger slice of the cake, 第三世界的人民要求分享到更大的利益，
4 have one's cake and eat it (too) infml to have the advan. 
tages of something without the disadvantages that go with it
【非正式】得其利而无其害：You spend all your money on beer
and then complain about being poor, but you can't have your
cake and eat it, you know. 你把所有的钱都花在喝啤酒上了，却
又哭穷，但是你要知道，又想乱花钱又想不穷，二者是不可兼得的
 — see also另见 Piece OF CAKE 5 let them eat cake a a phrase
which is believed to have been said by Marie Antoinette just
before the French Revolution, when told that the poor people
were hungry because they had no bread叫他们吃蛋糕〔据说这
是玛丽·安托瓦妮特在法国大革命前夕，人们告诉她穷人因为没有
面包而在挨饿的时候说的话)6 take the cake AmE infml to be
more foolish or silly than anything else【美，非正式】最愚蠢；更
为愚蠢：I've heard some pretty dumb ideas, but that takes the
cake. 我听过一些很傻的想法，但这个是最愚蠢的。
cake2ν1 [T (with)] to cover thickly （用·）厚厚地涂于·：Her
shoes were caked with mud. 她的鞋上沾了厚厚的一层泥。2 [I
to form a hard mass when dry 〔干后〕结成硬块：Cheap lipstick
always cakes. 廉价唇膏容易结块。
cake fork /'/ n a fork with one PRONG wider than the others
and shaped like a small knife 蛋糕叉〔其中一叉尖较宽，形似小
刀〕
cake tin /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖cake pan AmE【美】n a metal container
for holding a cake while it is being baked 蛋糕烤盘
cal. a. bash /`kaele baef; 'kaelebaef/n (a tropical American tree
with)a large hard fruit whose shell can be dried and used as a
bowl〔产于热带美洲的〕加拉巴果（树）：葫芦
cal·a·boose /`kaele bus; kaele'bu:s/ n AmE rare a small prison
【美，罕】小监狱；拘留所
cal·a·bre·se /kaele`brezi;kaele'breizi/ n BrE BROCCOLI【英】花
茎甘蓝，花椰菜
Cal-ais /kae`le; 'kaelei/ an industrial city and port on the English
Channel in NW France, used especially by ferries (FERRY) to
and from Dover in England 加来〔位于法国西北部的工业城市
和英吉利海峡港埠，尤其为来自英国多佛尔的渡船用作渡口)
cal·a·mine lo. tion /`kaele, main`lofen;, kaelemain'leufan/ n[U]
a pink liquid used especially to cool skin that has been burnt
by the sun and reduce pain or itching(ITCH)炉甘石药水〔护肤
药水，可减轻日晒后的疼痛或瘙痒
ca·lam·i·ty /ke`laemeti; ke'laemati/n a sudden terrible event
causing great loss and suffering 灾难，祸患；大的不幸：It would
be a calamity for these people if the rains failed yet again. 如
果再不下雨，对这些人将是一场灾难。--tous adj: a calami-
tous flood 灾难性的洪水 - -tously adv
cal-ci-fy /`kaelse far; 'kaelsfai/ v [I; T] to (cause to) become hard
by the addition of LIME(使)石灰质化，（使）钙化；（使）硬化
cal-ci·um /`'kaelsiem; 'kaelsiem/ n [U] a silver-white metal tha
is a simple substance (ELEMENT) and is found in bones, teeth
and chalk〔金属元素〕钙
*cal. cu·late /kaelkje let; 'kaelkjlert/v [I; T] 1 to find out or make
a firm guess about (especially an amount), especially by using
numbers 计算，推算；估算，估计：They use a computer to cal-
culate the cost of wages as a percentage of the company's
income. 他们用电脑算出工资作为成本占掉公司收入的百分数。
The government has to calculate the likely effects on rey-
enues of a big drop in the oil price. 政府必须估算出油价大幅
度下降对财政收入可能产生的影响。|[+(that)] The experts cal
culate that the market for these computers will expand by
200% in the next three years. 专家预测，在未来3年中这种电
脑的市场会扩大200%。| [+wh-] The scientists calculated when
the spacecraft would reach the moon. 科学家推算出宇宙飞船
抵达月球的时间。 — see also 另见 INCALCULABLE 2 be calcu-
lated to (do something) to be planned with the intention of
(producing a particular result)旨在，用意在于；打算；适于（做）
·: The new regulations are deliberately calculated to make
cheating impossible. 新的法规旨在杜绝诈骗行为。| The new
system is hardly calculated to (=is unlikely to) make life
easier!新的一套办法不见得会使人们的日子更轻松!
calculate on sthg. phr v [T] to depend on (something hap-
pening)指望：[+obj/v-ing] We calculated on an early start
making an early start. 我们指望一早就出发。| [+obj+v-ing]
Don't calculate on him agreeing with you. 不要指望他会同意
你的看法
cal. cu. lat. ed /kaelkje letid; 'kaelkjleitd/ adj intentionally
planned to gain a particular result 故意的：蓄意的，有计划的，
存心的；经过预测的：a calculated threat 别有用心的威胁 | 
took a calculated risk when I bought those shares. 我买那些
股票时已把风险计算在内。 — see also 另见 CALCULATE (2) -
~ly adv
cal. cu·lat·ing /kaelkje letin; 'kaelkjleitin/ adj usually derog
making careful plans with the intention of bringing advantage
to oneself, without considering the effects on other people【-
般贬】用尽心机（作损人利己之事）的，工于心计的，有打算的：a
cold, calculating criminal一个冷酷而工于心计的罪犯
cal. cu. la. tion /kaelkje`lefen;kaelkj'leifan/ n 1 [C; U] the act
or result of calculating 计算（的结果）；推断；预测，估计：Thes
calculations are based on the latest statistics. 这些计算结果
是以最近的统计数字为依据的。2 [U] care in planning, espe-
cially for one's own advantage 计谋，盘算，深思熟虑，慎重的计
划：She lied with cold calculation. 她经过冷静的盘算后说了
谎。
*cal. cu. la. tor /`kaelkje leto; 'kaelkigleite/ n a small machine
which can perform calculations, such as adding and multiply-
ing 计算器：a pocket calculator 袖珍计算器
cal·cu·lus /kaelkjeles; 'kaelkjles/n -li /-lai; -lai/ or -luses 1 [U]
(in MATHEMATICS) a system for making calculations about
quantities which are continually changing, such as the speed
of a falling stone or the slope of a curved line 〔数学)微积分
(学) — see also 另见 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, INTEGRAL
CALCULUS 2 [C] med a stone of chalky matter which some-
times forms in the body【医】〔人体内的〕结石
Cal. cut. ta /kael`kvte; kael'kvte/ a city and port in E India on the
Hooghly River and capital of West Bengal state. Some people
think of Calcutta as a place with many very poor people, 加尔
各答〔印度东部一港口城市，位于胡格利河河畔，为西孟加拉邦首
府。有人认为那是个贫民聚居的地方〕 — see also 另见 BLACK
HOLE OF CALCUTTA
Cal·der /`kolde: 'ko:lde/, Alexander /elig`zaende;elig'za:nde/
(1898-1976) a US SCULPTOR best known for his large outdoor
works of art found in many cities, and for his large MOBILES
=decorations made of objects tied to wires or string which
move when air blows around them)考尔德〔(1898-1976)，美
国雕塑家，以在许多城市塑造的大型艺术作品及大型活动雕塑最为
出名〕
cal·dron /`koldren; 'ko:ldren/ n AmE for【美】=CAULDRON
Cal·e·do·ni·a /kaeli`donie; kael'deunie/ an old name for Scot-
land used in poetry and now often used in the names of Scot-
tish companies. Caledonia was originally the Roman name for
northern Britain. 喀里多尼亚〔诗歌中苏格兰的旧称，现常用于苏格
兰的公司名称中，本为对不列颠北部的罗马语称呼〕-Caledonian
/, kaeli`donien;kael'deunienadj
Caledonian Ca-nal, the /，. . . / a CANAL (=artificial river) in
Scotland which joins the Atlantic Ocean to a line of LOCH. 
(=lakes), which then connect to the North Sea喀里多尼亚运河
〔位于苏格兰的一条人工水道，通过一系列湖泊连接大西洋和北
海〕
cal. en. dar /`kaelende; 'kaelande/ n 1 a printed table that lists
0232
the days, weeks, and months of the year 日历，月历：a wall/
desk calendar 挂历；案头日历 | According to the calendar
my birthday falls on a Sunday this year. 按照今年的日历，我
的生日恰好是个星期日。| a calendar watch (=one which shows
the date)一块日历手表 2 a system by which the year is divided
into parts, and its beginning, end, and total length are fixed历
法 — see also 另见 GREGORIAN CALENDAR, HEGIRA CALEN-
DAR 3 a list of important events in the year of a particular or-
ganization 团体预定一年内要办的大事日程表：The Presidential
elections are the highlight of next year's political calendar. 
总统选举是明年政治日程表上的大事。| According to the uni-
versity calendar your examinations will be in June. 依照大学
的校历，你们的考试将在6月举行。4AmEfor【美】=DIARY(2)
calendar month /· '/ n a month measured according to the
CALENDAR(2), especially one of the 12 months of the modern
European system历月（尤指现代欧洲历法12个月中的1个）：
From January Ist to February Ist is one calendar month. 从
1月1日至2月1日是1个历月。—compare 比较LUNAR MONTH
calendar year /，. ·. / n a YEAR(2)历年
cal·en·der /`kaelende; 'kaelnde'/n tech a machine for rolling
bressing, and smoothing paper, cloth etc【术语】轧光机，压延
机，砑光机〔使纸、布产生光泽的滚压机〕
calf' /kef: ka:f/ n calves /kavz; ka:vz/ 1 [C] the young of the
cow or of some other large animals such as the elephant小牛
牛犊：〔象等某些大动物的]仔，幼兽 — see 参见MEAT(USAGE)
2 [Ul calfskin 小牛皮； a book bound in calf用小牛皮装订的书
3 in calf (of a cow) PREGNANT〔母牛)怀孕的 — see also另见
kill the fatted calf (KILL1(5)
calf2n calves the fleshy back part of the human leg between the
knee and the ankle〔人腿的〕腓，小腿肚
calf love /'/ n [U] PUPPY LOVE 青少年时期的初恋；〔尤指)对年
长异性的幼恋
calf-skin /`kaef skin; 'ka:f skin/ n [U] leather made from the
skin of the calf 小牛皮：calfskin boots 小牛皮靴子
Cal. gar. y /`kaelgeri; 'kaelgeri/ a city in S Alberta, Canada which
is next to the Bow and Elbow Rivers and contains the most
important PETROLEUM industries in the country卡尔加里〔加
拿大艾伯塔省南部一城市，位于鲍河和埃尔博河的汇合处，那里有
该国最重要的石油工业〕
Cal. i. ban /kaelibaen; 'kaelbaen/ a character in the play The TEM
PEST by William SHAKESPEARE. He is an ugly SLAVE owned
by PROSPERO and is only half human, since his mother is a
WITCH (=a woman who has magic powers), but his father is a
DEVIL(=an evil spirit). 卡利班〔威廉·莎士比亚戏剧《暴风雨》中
的人物，他是普洛斯彼罗的奴仆，相貌丑陋，因其母亲是女巫但父
亲是魔鬼，所以他只有一半像人〕
cal. i. brate /kaele, bret; 'kaelbreit/ v [T] to mark degrees and
dividing points on (the scale of a measuring instrument)标定
划分，校准〔测量器的〕刻度
cal·i·bra·tion /kaeli`brefen;kael'breifan/ n a set of degrees or
measurement marks〔测量器上的〕刻度
cal·i·bre also 又作 -ber AmE【美】/`kaelebe; 'kaelabe/ 1 [S:
U] the level of quality, excellence, or ability of something or
someone〔人的〕能力，才干，器量：〔东西的〕质量，水准，质地：This
work is of (a) very high calibre. 这项工作做得很出色。2 [C]
a the inside size (DIAMETER) of a tube or gun 〔管子或枪炮的)
内径，口径 b the size of a bullet〔子弹的〕弹径，直径
cali. co1 /`kaele ko; 'kaelikeu/ n [U] a heavy cotton cloth （厚）棉
布
calico2 adj AmE (of a cat or other animal) having three colours
usually in spots of black and reddish-brown on white【美】〔指
猫或其他动物〕有三色斑点的〔一般以白色为底，上有黑色和棕红
色的斑点〕
Cal·i·for·ni. a /kaeli`fornie;kael'fo:nie/ written abbrev. 缩写为
CA a state in the SW of the US, next to the Pacific Ocean, whose
main cities include San Francisco and Los Angeles. When
people think of California, they often think of Disneyland
Hollywood, beaches, and warm sunny weather. California is
generally considered to be more LIBERAL than other states in
the US. 加利福尼亚〔位于美国西南部一州，濒临太平洋，其主要
城市包括圣弗朗西斯科和洛杉矶，人们一想起加利福尼亚就会联想
到迪斯尼乐园、好莱坞、海滩以及阳光灿烂的温暖天气。人们普遍
认为该州要比美国其他州思想更加开放〕- Californian n, ad
— see colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
Ca. lig. u. la /ke`ligjule; ke'ligjle/(12-41AD) a Roman EMPEROR
who was known for being extremely violent, cruel, and mad
加利古拉〔（公元12-41）、罗马皇帝，以极度野蛮、残暴、疯狂著称)
calipers /`kaelepa·z: 'kaelpez/ n [P] AmE for【美】= CALLIPERS
ca·liph, khalif /^`kelf; 'keilif/ n (often cap. 常用大写) a Muslim
ruler 哈里发〔伊斯兰教国家的教主和统治者)：the caliph of
Baghdad巴格达的哈里发
ca·li·phate, khalifate /`kaeli fet; 'keilfeit/ n the country or pe. 
riod of rule of a caliph 哈里发的辖区；哈里发的统治时期
cal·is·then·ics /kaeles`0aniks;, kaels'0eniks/ n AmE for【美】=
CALLISTHENICS健美（体）操，健身操
calk /kok:ko:k/ v [T]to CAULK〔用防水物料〕填塞〔船等的〕缝隙
*call'/kol; ko:l/ v 1 [I; T (OUT)] to speak or say in a loud clear
voice; shout 高声说出，喊，叫：The teacher called (out) the
names of everyone in the class. 教师在班上高声点名。|“Stop. ”
he called out. “站住，”他高声喊道。| The frightened child
called (out) for help. 受惊的孩子大声呼救。| The fishermen
called to the men on the shore. 渔夫向岸上的人呼唤。| I've
been calling for five minutes; why don't they come?我已经喊
叫了5分钟，他们为何还不来？2 [T] to ask or order (someone)
to come by speaking loudly, sending an order or message etc;
SUMMON(高声)召唤，传唤，〔命令或传信等〕要（某人）来：Mothe
is calling me. 母亲在叫我去。| He called me over to his desk, 
他叫我到他的书桌那边去。| She has been called to give evi-
dence to the inquiry. 她被传唤去为该项调查作证。| The min-
ister called the union leaders to a meeting. 部长召集工会领袖
开会。| Call a doctor! 快去请医生！ | If you don't get out I'll
call the police. 你如再不走开，我就叫警察了。| I must go
now--duty calls!我现在得走了 --有公务在身！ 3 [I; T] to (try
to) speak to by telephone （给某人）打电话：I called him this
morning but he was out. 我早晨打电话给他，但他出去了。| The
office called to find out where you were, 办公室打电话来，问
你在哪里。-'see 参见 TELEPHONE (USAGE) 4 [I (at, in, on, 
for)] especially BrE【尤英】a to make a short visit to someone
短时间拜访〔某人)：Let's call (in) on John for ten minutes. 我
们花10分钟去约翰家拜访一下吧。| You were out when we
called. 我们来拜访时，你刚巧出去了。| He called to collect
the money. 他来收钱了。| Do you think we should call at
Bob's while we're in London?你认为我们去伦敦时该到鲍勃
家拜访吗？b(especially of people selling things) to make regular
visits 〔尤指售货者)定期上门：The milkman calls every day. 送
牛奶的人每天都来。5 [T] to cause to happen by making an of-
ficial declaration 宣布；命令：The Prime Minister called an
election, 首相宣布举行选举。| The union leaders are calling
a strike. 工会领袖号召举行罢工。6 [T+obj+n] to name 命名，
取名：把·叫做·：We'll call the baby Jean, 我们要给小娃娃取
名为琼。 She's called Karina. 她名叫卡林娜。| What do you
call your dog? (=what is its name?)你的狗叫什么名字？ 7 [T+
obi+nladi]to say or consider that (someone or something)is
(something)认为··是·；把·说成··；视为；算作：She called
me stupid. 她认为我是笨蛋。| Are you calling me a liar?你是
说我在撒谎吗？| I don't call Russian a hard language, 我不
认为俄语难学。| How can you still call yourself my friend
after what you did?你干出这样的事情，怎么还能自称为我的朋
友呢？ | Did you hear what he called me?你听到他把我说成
是什么吗？ | I don't know what I owe you, but let's call it ￡5. 
我不知道欠你多少钱，就算是5英镑吧。| I paid for the meal
and you paid for the tickets, so let's call it quits. (=agree that
we don't owe each other anything)我付了饭钱，你付了票钱，
我们就算两清了。8 [T] to waken(someone)叫醒〔某人)：Please
call me at 7 o'clock. 请在7点钟叫醒我。 9 [I (to); T] (of an
animal) to make the usual cry (to another animal)〔动物间互
相)鸣叫，叫唤，啼：The birds are calling (each other). 鸟儿
(对着)鸣叫。10 [I:T](in card games) a BrE to BID'(2)【英】
〔纸牌戏〕叫牌：Who called last?谁最后叫牌？ | What did she
call?她叫的是什么牌？ b to say what will be TRUMPS 说出什么
是王牌 c to demand to see other players'cards (in POKER)〔扑
克中)叫他人摊牌 11 call a spade a spade infml to speak the
plain truth without being delicate or sensitive【非正式】直言不
讳 12 call collect AmE【美】‖ reverse the charges BrE【英】-
to make a telephone call to be paid for by the person who re
ceives it 打由受话人付费的电话 13 call it a day infml to stop
work or an activity【非正式】今天的工作就到此为止：It's get-
ting pretty late - let's call it a day. 天已不早，今天就做到这
里吧。14 call one's shot AmE slang to state exactly what you
intend to do【美俚】明明白白地说出想做的事情 15 call someone's
bluff to tell someone who claims to be or know something, or
who is threatening to do something, to prove his/her claims or
to do what he/she threatens to do 促使某人实行其所威胁要做的
事；要求某人亮出底牌[摊牌]，接受某人挑战：When he threat-
ened to dismiss me I called his bluff. 当他威胁要解雇我时，我
就说你解雇吧。16 call someone to the colors AmE lit to ask
someone to serve in the armed forces, especially during a war
【美，文】〔尤在战时〕动员某人入伍 17 call someone to order
to order someone to obey the rules of a formal meeting 命令某
人遵守议事规程：The chairman called the hecklers to order
0233
called the meeting to order. 主席命令提出质问的人遵守议事
规程[参加会议者遵守秩序]。18 call something into question
to raise doubts about something 对某事提出疑问：I'm afraid
that this incident calls into question his suitability for the
job. 恐怕这一事件会叫人怀疑他是否称职。19 call the tune/shots
infml to be in a position to give orders, decide what will hap-
pen etc【非正式】定调子；发号施令；操纵 20 call to mind to re-
member 回忆起，想起：I'm sure I know that man, although I can'
call to mind where I've met him. 我肯定认识那个人，尽管想不
起来在什么地方见过他。 — see also 另见 SO-CALLED 21 don't
call 'us, we'll call 'you a phrase used humorously to someone
after they have just given a poor performance of acting or sing-
ing (from the phrase that is believed to be used by a DIRECTOR
at the end of an unsuccessful AUDITION)别给我们打电话，我们
会打电话给你〔在一场很差的表演或演唱结束时幽默地对表演者说
的一句话，据说这是有位导演在看了一次不成功的试演后说的〕
call back phr ν1 [I] BrE to pay another visit【英】再来（访
问) ：The salesman will call back later. 推销员迟些会再来。2 [I;
T (=call sbdy. back)] to return a telephone call （给··）回电话
Will you call me back later?你过一会儿给我回个电话好吗？
 — see also 另见 CALL' (3)； see 参见 TELEPHONE (USAGE)
call by phr v [I] BrE infml to visit when passing【英，非正
式】顺路拜访；路过顺便到··：I'll call by at the shop on my way
home. 我回家时顺路去一下商店吧
call sbdy. /sthg.  down phr v [T] 1 [(on)] to ask for some-
thing to come down (as if) from heaven; INVOKE 祈求降祸 [降
福]于·：The priest called down God's anger on the people
神父祈求上帝降祸于这些人。2 AmE infml to speak to angrily;
REPRIMAND【美，非正式】申斥，责骂：He called me down for the
way I spoke to the teacher. 他责骂我对老师说话时态度不恭。
call for sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to demand 把·召来；要求：to
call for the waiter/the bill 招呼服务员过来：要[索取]账单 | 
The opposition have called for an immediate inquiry into the
behaviour of the Dolice. 反对派要求立即对警方的行为进行调
查。2 to need or deserve 需要；值得：That remark was not
called for. (=was nasty or unfair) 那样的评语是不适当的。
This sort of work calls for a lot of patience. 这种工作需要极
大的耐性。| You're getting married? This calls for a celebration!
你要结婚了？这值得大大庆祝一番！ — see also另见 UNCALLED
FOR 3 BrE to go and get (someone) from their house, office
etc; collect【英】去接（某人） ：I'll call for you at 9 o'clock. 我9
点钟来接你。
call sthg. forth phr v [T] fml to cause (especially a quality)
to appear to be used; EVOKE【正式】用出，拿出，唤起〔尤指某种
品格)；引起
call sbdy. /sthg.  in phr ν [T] 1 to ask to come to help 请·
来〔帮助)：Call the doctor in. 请医生来。2 to request the re-
turn of 收回；要求归还：The makers have called in some cars
with dangerous faults. 制造商收回了一些有危险性缺陷的汽
车。| to call in a loan (=ask for it to be repaid)讨还债款
call sthg.  off phr v [T] 1 to cause (a planned event) not to
take place 取消，撤销〔计划的活动)：The football match was
called off because of the snow. 由于下雪，足球比赛取消了
2 to order (an activity) to be stopped 下令停止：After three
days of searching, the police chief called off the hunt for the
escaped prisoner. 在搜索了3天之后, 警长下令停止搜寻逃犯的
工作。3 to order to keep away 叫··走开：Call off your dog
i's attacking me!把你的狗叫走 ——它要咬我!
call on/upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to pay a short visit to 对. . 
作短暂访问：We can call on Mary tomorrow. 明天我们可以去
看玛丽。2[+obj+to-v] fml to ask (someone) to do something, 
especially formally【正式】要求〔某人)做某事：The congress has
called on the President to answer these charges. 国会要求总
统答复这些责问。| I now call on the best man to make a
speech. 我现在请男傧相讲几句话。3 to need to use 需用：to
call on all one's strength 需要付出最大的气力
call sbdy.  out phr v [T] 1 to officially order (especially a
group) to come together in order to provide help 使〔尤指一伙
人)出动；召集：The Government had to call out the army to
restore order. 政府要出动军队来恢复秩序。2 especially BrE
to order to go on STRIKE【尤英】给··下令罢工：The miners
leader called out his men. 矿工领袖下令矿工罢工
call up phr ν 1 [I; T (=call sbdy. ← up)] especially AmE to
telephone【尤美】〔给··〕打电话：I'll call you up this evening
我今晚会打电话给你。2 [T](call sbdy. up) to order (someone)
to join the armed forces; DRAFT 征召. 入伍：He was called up
in 1917. 他是1917年被征入伍的。 — see also 另见 CONSCRIPT
3 [T](call sbdy. /sthg.  up) to bring back; cause to come
back （使） 回忆起；把··召唤回来：This song calls up memories
of my childhood. 这首歌唤起我对童年的回忆。| The magician
says he can call up the spirits of the dead. 魔法师说，他能召回
死者的灵魂
*call2n 1 [C] a shout or cry 呼喊声；叫声：We heard a call for
help. 我们听到呼救的声音。| This bird has a very distinctive
call. 这只鸟的鸣叫声很特别。| Give me a call when you're
ready to leave. 你走的时候, 给我打个招呼。 2 [C (for)] a re-
quest or command for someone to do something or go some-
where 号召；召唤；呼吁；命令：The minister waited for a call to
the palace. 大臣等着应召进宫。| Most of the staff ignored the
union's strike call and went into work. 大部分职工不理工会的
罢工号召，照常上班去了。| The finance minister has rejected
calls from businessmen for lower interest rates. 财政部长拒
绝了工商界人士关于降低利率的呼吁。| [+to-y] There have been
calls for the government to release the detainees. 一直有人呼
吁政府释放被拘留者。| (fig. 喻) He felt the call of the sea
(=its attraction)他感觉到大海的呼唤。3[C] an attempt to speak
to someone by telephone （一次）电话；通话：I have a call for
you from London. 有一个从伦敦打来的电话找你。| I have a
few calls to make. 我要打几个电话。| Ask her to retur my
call when she gets home, please. 她到家时，请告诉她给我回个
电话。4 [C(on)] a short visit, especially of an official or pro-
fessional kind 〔尤指官方的或职业上需要的〕短暂访问：The doc-
tor is out on a call. 医生出诊看病人去了。| The President is
making/paying a call on the King. 总统正拜会国王。5 [C; U
(for, on)] a demand or need 需求，需要；理由：We don't stock
men's hats -- there isn't much call for them nowadays. 我们
没有男帽的存货 ——现在对这种货需求不大。| She has so many
calls on her time that it is almost impossible to see her. 她的
事情多得几乎占去她所有的时间，要见她几乎是不可能的。|[+t0-
v] You have no call to say that! 你没有理由那样说！ 6 [C] BrE
(in card games) a BID2(3) or a player's turn to bid【英】〔牌戏
的)叫牌（权）：Whose call is it?现在轮到谁叫牌？7 [C](in sports
and games) the decision of an UMPIRE or REFEREE〔运动、比赛
中〕裁判员的判决 8 [C] an act of waking someone 叫醒：He
asked the hotel clerk for a seven o'clock call. 他要旅馆服务员
7点钟叫醒他。9 [C] an instrument used by hunters, which
makes a sound like the cry of a bird or animal in order to at-
tract it 〔猎人用的〕模仿鸟兽叫声的哨子：a duck call 鸭声哨子
10 [C] the right to buy a certain quantity of something, e. g. 
shares, at a fixed price within a given time(股票)认购期权〔指
按规定的价格和日期购买一定数量的商品如股票等的权利〕-
compare 比较 PUT211 on call not working but ready to work if
needed 随时听命的，待命的，随叫随到的：The nurse is on call
tonight. 这位护士今晚值班（待命）。12 within call near enough
to hear a call 在附近（能听到叫声的地方） — see also 另见 CALL
OF NATURE, CURTAIN CALL, PORT OF CALL 13 a wake-up call
AmE an event that makes people finally realize that a situation
is very bad or dangerous, and that they must do something to
change it, stop it, get away from it etc【美】警钟：The Oregon
game was our wake-up call. We knew we'd never get to the
playoffs if we kept losing like that. 俄勒冈的一场比赛给我们敲
响了警钟。照这样输下去的话，我们永远参加不了决赛。|Serv
ing as a wake-up call to the nation, the committee delivered
a report on education which showed how low students' sci-
ence and math scores were. 为唤醒国民，委员会发表了一篇教
育调查报告，其中指出学生的理科和数学成绩极低
Cal-lag. han /`kaelehen; 'kaelehen/, James (1912-) a British
politician in the LABOUR Party who was Prime Minister from
1976 to 1979. His official title is Lord Callaghan. 卡拉汉
((1912-), 英国工党政治家，1976年至1979年间任英国首相，
其正式头衔为卡拉汉勋爵]
cal·la·net·ics /，kaele`netiks;kaele'netiks/ [U+sing. /pl. y] trade-
mark a type of physical exercise intended to develop healthy
and strong bodies without developing big muscles【商标】卡伦
健身操〔一种有助于增强体质，但不会形成大块肌肉的体操〕
Cal·las /`kaeles; 'kaeles/. Ma·ri·a /me`rie; me'ri:e/ (1923-1977)
a US OPERA singer whose parents were Greek. She was known
for her powerful voice and for being able to act as well as sing. 
She is regarded as one of the greatest opera singers of the 20th
century. 卡拉斯〔(1923-1977)，美国歌剧演唱家，其父母都是希
腊人，她以嗓音洪亮，演唱俱佳而闻名，被视为20世纪最伟大的歌
剧演唱家之一〕
call box /'· ·/ also 又作 phone booth, phone box, telephone
booth, telephone box - n BrE a small hut or enclosure con-
taining a public telephone【英】公用电话间[亭] — see 参见
TELEPHONE (USAGE)
call-er /`kole; 'ko:le/ n 1 a person who makes a short visit 作短
暂访问的客人，来访者：John's a regular caller here. 约翰是这
里的常客。2 a person making a telephone call, especially as
addressed by the OPERATOR 打电话者(尤指接线员对打电话者
0234
的称呼)：I'm sorry, caller, the number's engaged. 先生 [女
士]，很抱歉，电话占线。| An anonymous caller warned the
police about the bomb on the train. 一个不知姓名的人来电话
警告警方，说火车上有炸弹。3 a person who calls out numbers
in a game (such as BINGO)〔游戏中)报数字的人<如在宾果
(bingo)游戏中> 4 AmE a person who calls out the steps for a
SOUARE DANCE【美】〔方形舞中〕喊出舞步的指挥
call girl /' / n a woman PROSTITUTE who makes her arrange
ments by telephone 用电话召唤的妓女，应召女郎
cal-lig-ra·phy /ke`ligrefi; ke'ligrefi/n [U](the art of producing)
beautiful writing by hand 书法（艺术）
call-in /'· ·/ n AmE for【美】= PHONE-IN
call·ing /`kolin; 'ko:lin/ n 1 a strong urge or feeling of duty to
do a particular kind of work; VOCATION〔对做某种工作的〕强
烈冲动，欲望；使命感，天职2 fml a person's profession or trade
【正式】职业，行业
cal·li·pers also 又作 calipers AmE【美】/`kaelipo·z; 'kaelpez/ [P]
1 an instrument consisting of two legs fixed together at one
end, used for measuring thickness, the distance between two
surfaces, and inner width (DIAMETER)测径规；卡钳；两脚规 -
see 参见 PAIR (USAGE) 2 BrE metal supports fixed to the legs
to help a person with weak legs to walk【英】〔装在腿上帮助腿
力弱者行走的〕金属支架
cal·lis·then·ics, calisthenics /kaeles`0eniks; 'kaels'0eniks/ n
[U+sing. /pl. v] physical exercises intended to develop healthy. 
strong, and beautiful bodies 健美（体）操，健身操 - -ic adj [A]
call let·ters /' ，·/ n [P] AmE【美】— see 参见 CALL SIGN
call num·ber /'. ·/ n AmE the number written on a library
book that tells what part of the library it is kept in【美】图书编
目号码
call of na·ture /· · '·/ n euph a need to pass liquid or solic
waste matter from the body【婉】要解手，要大[小]便
call op·tion /'··/ n tech the right to buy a fixed number of
SHARES'(2) at a particular price within a set period of time （术
语】股票购买选择权，认购期权，看涨期权〔指按规定的价格和日期
购买一定数量的股票的权利〕
cal·lous /`keles: 'keles/ adj 1 unkind; without sympathy for
the sufferings of other people 冷漠的；缺乏同情心的：his cal-
lous disregard for the safety of his workers 他对工人安全的漠
不关心 2 med (of the skin) hard and thick【医】〔皮肤〕变硬的，
起老茧的 — compare 比较 CALLUS — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
call-out /'/ n BrE an action of calling e. g. a service engineer
to come and do a job in one's house【英】电话约请〔如要求维
修人员上门服务等)：Do you have a call-out charge as well as
a charge for labour?除人工费外，你们还收上门费吗？| a ￡30
call-out fee 30英镑的上门费
cal-low /kaelo; 'kaeleu/ adj derog (of a person or behaviour
young and without experience; IMMATURE【贬】〔人或行为〕幼
稚的，缺乏经验的，不成熟的：a callow youth 没有经验的青年
call sign /'· ·/ also 又作 call letters AmE【美】- n a name, made
up of letters and numbers, given to people operating radios, or
to radio stations, to prove who they are〔电台的)呼号，呼叫信
号
call-up /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖ draft AmE【美】- n an order to serve in
the armed forces 征兵令：He got his call-up papers in July. 他
于7月间接到征兵令。 — see also 另见 CALL up(2)
cal·lus /`kaeles; 'keles/ also 又作 cal·los·i·ty /ke`laseti; ke-
lpsti/ — n an area of thick hard skin 老茧；胼胝； calluses on
his hands 他手上的老茧 — compare 比较 CALLOUS
*calm1 /kam; ka:m/ adj 1 free from excitement, nervous activity
or strong feeling; quiet and untroubled 镇静的，沉着的；宁静
的，心平气和的：The police chief advised his men to stay/keep
calm and not lose their tempers. 警长劝他手下的人要保持冷
静，不要发脾气。| a calm manner 镇静的态度 | After yesterday's
fighting on the border, the situation is now fairly calm again. 
在昨天的边界冲突之后，现在形势又相当平静了。2 a(of weather)
not windy 〔天气)无风的：After the storm it was calm. 暴风雨
过后，天气又平静下来了。b (of water) not rough; smooth; still
〔水面)平静的，风平浪静的：The sea was calm. 海面风平浪静。
~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
calm2n [S; U] 1 peace and quiet; absence of excitement or
nervous activity 安静；宁静；镇静，不紧张：working in the calm
of the library 在图书馆安静的环境中工作 2 an absence of wind
or rough weather; stillness （天气〕无风，无浪 （状态） ：the calm
after the storm 暴风雨后的宁静
calm3 v [T] to make calm 使安静[平静、镇静]：She calmed the
baby by giving him some milk. 她给婴孩牛奶喝, 使他安静下
来。 This announcement will calm the fears of conservationists. 
这项公布将消除自然资源保护论者的担忧
calm down phr v [I; T (=calm sbdy. down)] to make or
become calm （使） 安静下来：Calm down -- there's nothing to
worry about! 安静下来吧 -— 没有什么可担心的！ | We tried
to calm him down, but he kept shouting and swearing. 我们试
图使他平静下来，但他仍不停地叫骂着
cal-or gas /`kael gaes; 'kaele gaes/ BrE trademark (sometimes
cap. 有时用大写) a type of gas (BUTANE) sold in metal con-
tainers for use where there is no gas supply【英，商标】液化气
(家庭用的罐装丁烷气体) ：When we camp we usually cook with
Calor gas. 我们去露营时，常用液化气做饭。
cal. o. rie /kaelori; 'kaeleri/n 1 a measure used to show the amount
- -pher, -phist n
of heat or ENERGY (3) that a food will produce. When people
are trying to lose weight by avoiding certain foods, they some
times say that they are counting their calories or watching
their calories. 卡（路里）〔食物的热量单位，人们在尽量以不吃某
些食物来减肥时，有时会说他们正在计算或注意自己的卡路里摄入
量)：One thin piece of bread has 90 calories. 一薄片面包有
90 卡路里。| a calorie-controlled diet 控制热量的饮食 2 a
unit of heat 卡 （路里）〔热量单位) — compare 比较 BTU
cal. o. rif. ic /，kaele`rifik;, kaele'rifik/adj 1 tech heat-producing
【术语】产热的，生热的：This coal has a high calorific value
这种煤有很高的发热量。2 infml (of food) tending to make one
fat【非正式】〔食物)使人发胖的：That chocolate cake looks very
calorific. 那巧克力蛋糕看来会使人发胖
ca. lum·ni·ate /ke`lvmniet; ke'lvmni-eit/ v [T] fml to speak
calumnies about (someone); SLANDER【正式】诽谤，中伤
cal·um·ny /`kaelemni; 'kaelemni/ n [C; U (against)] fml (the act
of making) an incorrect and unjust report about a person with
the intention of destroying the good opinion that other people
have of him/her【正式】诬蔑，中伤，诬陷之词
cal·va. ry /`kaelveri; 'kaelveri/ n a model which represents the
death of Christ (CRUCIFIXION)耶稣基督（被钉在十字架上的）受
难像
Calvary the Roman name for the place near Jerusalem where. 
according to the Bible, Jesus Christ died by being crucified
(CRUCIFY). Its Aramaic name was Golgotha. 髑髅地〔位于耶路
撒冷附近一地的罗马语名称，据《圣经》记载为耶稣基督受难处，阿
拉姆语称各各他〕
calve /kaev; ka:v/ v [I] to give birth to a CALF 生小牛，产犊：The
cow calved yesterday. 母牛昨天生了小牛
calves /kavz; ka:vz/ pl. of CALF
Cal. vin /`kaelvin: 'kaelvn/, John (1509-1564) a French PROT-
ESTANT leader and THEOLOGIAN (=someone who studies reli-
gion and religious beliefs), whose ideas strongly influenced
the REFORMATION (=the time when many Christians left the
Catholic religion and started the Protestant religion)加尔文
〔(1509-1564)，法国新教领袖和当时的神学家，他的思想对当时
的宗教改革运动产生极大的影响〕 — see also另见 CALVINISM
Cal·vin·ism /kaelvinizem; 'kaelvnizam/ n [U] the Christian
religious teachings of John Calvin, which are based on the idea
that events on Earth are controlled by God and cannot be
changed by humans, and which led to the establishment of the
PRESBYTERIAN church 加尔文教义[主义][即认为地球上的一切
事件皆由上帝决定，人类无法左右。这一教义导致基督教长老会的
创立〕
Cal-vin·ist /kaelvinist; 'kaelvnst/ adj 1 connected with or fol-
lowing the ideas of Calvinism 加尔文教派的 2 also 又作 Cal-
vinistic - having very strict ideas about moral behaviour and
tending to disapprove of pleasure or enjoyment. These atti-
tudes are thought to be typical of people who believe in
Calvinism. 清教主义的；道德观念十分严格的〔这些被认为是信仰
加尔文教义者的典型态度〕- Calvinist n
ca. lyp. so /ke`lipso; ke'lipseu/n -sos or -soes a West Indian
song based on a subject of interest in the news, often played by
a STEEL BAND〔西印度群岛以时事为主题，常由钢鼓乐队演奏的)
“卡利普索”即兴歌曲
ca·lyx /`keliks; 'kaeliks/ n calyces /`keli siz; 'kaelsi:z/ or ca. 
lyxes tech a ring of leaves (SEPALS) which protects a flower
before it opens and later supports the opened flower【术语】花
萼
cam /kaem; kaem/ n a wheel or part of a wheel shaped to change
circular movement into backwards-and-forwards movement
轮，铿〔把圆周旋转运动改变为上下或前后运动的装置〕
ca·ma·ra·de·rie /kaeme`raderi:kaeme'ra:deri/ n [U] the friend-
liness and goodwill shown to each other by friends, especially
people who spend time together at work, in the army etc 同志
[同事]情谊，友情，友爱
Ca-marque, the /kae`marg: kae'ma:g/ a flat area in S France at
the DELTA of the River Rhone. It is a national park which is
known for its white horses and its large variety of wild animals. 
especially birds. 卡马尔格〔位于法国南部罗讷河三角洲的一个平
0235
坦地区，它是一个国家公园，以白马及种类繁多的野生动物，尤其
是鸟类而闻名〕
cam. ber /`kembe; 'kaembe/ n [C; U] a slight upward curve
towards the centre of a road or other surface, which causes
water to run off to the side〔道路等的)中凸形，拱势，弯度，翘曲
〔中间高两边低的弯度，以使水向两边流〕
Cam. bo. di. a /kaem`bodie; kaem'beudie/ a country in SE Asia
between Thailand and Vietnam. Population: 10, 300, 000(1995). 
Capital: Phnom Penh. Its former name was Kampuchea. Cam-
bodia experienced terrible suffering during the 1970s under
the government of POL POT, and during the CIVIL WAR that
followed in the 1980s. But there were free elections in 1993，
and the country began to be rebuilt after many years of war. 柬
埔寨〔东南亚国家，位于泰国和越南之间，人口：10, 300, 000(1995)。
首都：金边，旧称Kampuchea。20世纪70年代波尔布特政府时
期以及之后的80年代内战期间，该国历尽苦难。1993年进行自由
选举，开始了长期战乱后的重建工作)- Cambodian adj, n
Cam. bri·an Moun. tains, the /kaembrien `mauntnz; kaem-
brien 'mauntanz/ a group of mountains that go from N to S
through the middle of Wales 坎布里亚山脉〔由北向南纵贯威尔
士中部的一条山脉〕
cam-bric /kembrik; 'keimbrik/ n [U] a fine white cloth of cot-
ton or LINEN 细白棉布；麻纱
Cam. bridge /kembrid3; 'keimbrid3/ 1 a city in E England next
to the River Cam, which is famous for its old university and
for its SCIENCE PARK, where there are many computer and elec-
tronics companies剑桥〔位于英格兰东部一城市，临卡姆河，以当
地历史悠久的大学及拥有许多电脑、电子公司的科学园区而闻名〕
— see colour map on page A1参见A1页彩色地图 2 Cam-
bridge University one of the two oldest and most respected
universities in the UK, established in the 13th century. The
university is made up of about 30 separate colleges, where the
students live and also receive some of their teaching. 剑桥大学
〔建立于13世纪，为英国历史最悠久、最有名望的两所大学之一。
该校由30多个独立的学院组成，学生住校，并在不同学院接受教
育)：Several government ministers went to Cambridge. (=were
students there)好几位政府部长曾在剑桥大学就读。| a Cam-
bridge graduate 一位剑桥大学毕业生 — see also 另见 OXFORD
(2), Cultural Note at OXBRIDGE, CANTAB 文化注释 3 a city in
E Massachusetts, US, which is next to the Charles River and
across from Boston. HARVARD University, Radcliffe College, 
and MIT are all in Cambridge. 剑桥〔位于美国马萨诸塞州东部
一城市，临查尔斯河，与波士顿隔河相望，当地有哈佛大学、拉德克
利夫学院和麻省理工学院〕
Cambridge Cer. tif. i. cate, the /，. . / an examination in the
English language for speakers of other languages, set by the
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate
(UCLES). There are examinations at various levels, including
the First Certificate of English, the Certificate of Advanced
English, and the Certificate of Proficiency in English. 剑桥英
语证书〔由剑桥大学地方考试评议会特别委员会设立的英语语言考
试，对象为操其他语言的人，考试分不同级别，包括英语第一英语
证书、高级英语证书和熟练英语证书)
Cam. bridge. shire /kembrid3fa; 'keimbrid3fe/ a COUNTY in
E England whose main town is Cambridge 剑桥郡〔位于英格兰
东部一郡，首府为剑桥市〕
cam. cor. der /`kaem korda; 'kaem-
ko:de/ n a VIDEO camera and re-
corder in one machine, which can
be carried around 手提摄录机
Cam. den /`kaemden; 'kaemden/ a
BOROUGH in N London which is
a fashionable place to live. It in-
cludes Camden Town, an area
with many unusual clothes shops, 
night clubs, restaurants, and a
market at CAMDEN LOCK. 卡姆登
〔伦敦北部一自治区，为时髦的居住
地，包括卡姆登镇。卡姆登镇有许多风格独特的服装店、夜总会、
餐厅以及位于卡姆登洛克的一个集市〕
Camden Lock /，·. / a market area in Camden, N London, which
sells ANTIQUES(=valuable old furniture, plates, and other
objects), SECOND-HAND clothing, unusual jewellery etc, espe-
cially at weekends 卡姆登洛克〔位于伦敦北部卡姆登的一个集市
区，尤其在周末出售古董、二手服装、独具风格的珠宝等〕
came /kem; keim/ past tense of COME
cam. el /kaeml; 'kaemal/ n either of two large long-necked ani-
mals used for riding or carrying goods in desert countries
驼：a also 又作 dromedary - the Arabian camel with one
large HUMP on its back〔产于阿拉伯的)单峰骆驼 b the Bactrian
camel from Asia with two large HUMPs on its back〔产于亚洲
的)双峰骆驼 — see also 另见 the straw that breaks the
camel's back(STRAW)
Camel trademark a type of cigarette made in the US, with a
picture of a CAMEL on the packet【商标】“骆驼”牌香烟〔美国制
造的一种香烟，其包装盒上有一骆驼图案〕
cam·el. hair /`kaem]her; 'kaemalhee/ n [U] 1 a thick yellowish-
brown cloth made from a mixture of types of wool, usually
used for making coats 驼绒，骆驼呢 2 fine hair used in making
paintbrushes〔制画笔用的〕细驼毛
ca. mel. li. a /ke`milje; ke'mi:lie/ n (a bush with) a large sweet-
smelling flower like a rose山茶（花）
Cam·e. lot'/kaemelat; 'kaemelot/ according to old stories about
King Arthur, the place where Arthur and his KNIGHTS lived. It
is believed to have been in Somerset in SW England, and is
thought of as a magical, beautiful, and peaceful place. 卡米洛
〔古老的亚瑟王传奇中，亚瑟及其骑士的居住之地，据信位于英格
兰西南部的萨默塞特，在人们印象中它是个神秘、美丽、宁静的地
方)— see 参见 ARTHURIAN LEGEND
Camelot2 trademark a company in the UK set up to run the
NATIONAL LOTTERY. Camelot has sometimes been criticized
for making too much profit from the National Lottery and for
paying its managers too much money. 【商标】卡默洛特公司〔英
国一家经营全国博彩的公司，人们有时批评该公司从全国博彩中获
利过多，以及给经理支付太高的薪金〕
Cam·em·bert, camembert /kaemember; 'kaemembee/ trade-
mark a type of round soft French cheese which is yellow in-
side and white outside【商标】卡门贝干酪〔一种圆型法式软干酪，
其内部为黄色，外表呈白色〕
cam·e. o /`kaemi, o; 'kaemi-eu/ n -eos 1 (a piece of jewellery
consisting of) a raised shape or figure on the background of a
small fine flat stone of a different colour多彩浮雕宝石；〔宝石
上的)多彩浮雕：a cameo brooch 浮雕宝石胸针 2 a short piece
of writing or acting, especially a small part in a film or play
acted by a well-known actor〔文学、戏剧中的)小品；〔尤指由名
演员演的〕戏剧[电影]片段
camera 照相机
film rewind
self timer
button 胶片
自拍器
viewfinder
反卷按钮
取景器
shutter
button
快门按钮
lens 镜头
zoom lens
变焦镜头
*cam. e. ra /`kaemere; 'kaemare/ n 1 an apparatus for taking still
or moving photographs 照相机；摄影机 2 the part of the equip-
ment used for making television pictures which changes im-
ages into electrical signals(电视)摄像机 3 in camera (especially
camcorder 手提摄录机
of a law case) held in secret; privately(尤指讼案)秘密地，禁止
旁听；私下地：The case involved official secrets, so it was held
in camera. 此案牵涉到官方机密，所以不公开审理。
cam·e·ra·man /kemere, maen; 'kaemaremen/ n-men /-men;
-men/ a person who operates a camera for films or television
〔电影或电视的〕摄影师
camera-shy /'. / adj (of a person) not liking to be photographed
〔指人〕不喜欢照相的
Cam·e·roon, Cameroun /kaeme`run; kaeme'ru:n/ a country in
W Africa, east of Nigeria and next to the Gulf of Guinea. 
Population:13, 200, 000(1995). Capital: Yaounde. 喀麦隆〔西非
国家，位于尼日利亚以西，濒临几内亚湾，人口：13, 200, 000(1995)，
首都：雅温得)- Cameroonian n, adj
cam-i-knick·ers /`keme, nikaz; 'kaemi, nikez/ n [P] BrE a
woman's undergarment worn especially in former times, com-
bining camisole and KNICKERS. Cami-knickers are becoming
popular again and are considered to be more sexy than other
underclothes. 【英】〔尤指旧时妇女穿的〕连裤内衣〔连裤内衣现又开
始流行了，并被视为比其他内衣更性感)-see参见PAIR(USAGE)
cam·i. sole /kaeme sol; 'kaemseul/ n a short undergarment worn
especially formerly by women on the top half of the body〔尤
指旧时妇女穿的〕短内衣，贴身胸衣
cam·o·mile, chamomile /kaeme, mail;'kaememail/ n [C; U] a
0236
plant whose small sweet-smelling white and yellow flowers
have medicinal qualities 洋甘菊；春黄菊； camomile tea 甘菊茶
cam·ou·flage1 /`kaeme, fla3; 'kaemefla:3/ n [C; U] 1 the way
that the colour or shape of something can make it difficult to
see in its surroundings 伪装：Many animals have a natural
camouflage which hides them from their enemies. 许多动物
有天然伪装，使它们能躲避敌人。2 the use of branches, paints. 
nets, smoke etc to hide something, especially a military object
〔尤指军事目标〕伪装的使用：The soldiers covered their hel-
mets with leaves as camouflage. 士兵用树叶遮盖钢盔作伪装
camouflage2v [T] to hide by using camouflage〔用伪装〕遮掩，
掩饰：The soldiers camouflaged the guns with branches of
trees. 士兵用树枝把炮遮掩起来
camp'/kaemp; kaemp/ n 1 [C: U] a place where people live in
tents or huts, usually for a short time 营地：We pitched our
camp (=put it in position) near the mountaintop. 我们在靠近
山顶处扎了营。| We'll soon be back in camp. 我们将很快回到
营地。| Let's go back to camp; it's getting dark. 我们回营地
吧，天快黑了。 Tomorrow we'll have to break camp. (=take
up the tents and put them away)我们明天必须拔营。| When
we went to the coast we stayed in a holiday camp. 我们去海
边时，就住在休假营地。 — see also另见 DAY CAMP 2 [C] (usually
in comb. 一般用于复合词) a place where people live in tents or
huts, often unwillingly and for a long time〔非出于自愿而不得
不长期居住的〕营房；收容所：a labour camp 劳改营 | a refu
gee camp 难民营 | a military training camp 军训营 — see
also 另见 CONCENTRATION CAMP, PRISON CAMP 3 [C+sing. /
pl. v] a group of people or organizations who share the same
ideas or principles, especially in politics 阵营；派别，集团：This
is the policy favoured by the pro-nuclear camp, 这是提倡核
军备派所赞成的政策。| The party divided into two separate
camps on the issue. 该党在这个问题上分裂成两派
*camp2 v [I] to set up a camp or live in a camp 扎营；宿营：The
hunters camped near the river. 猎人在河的附近设营。| We
go camping every summer. 我们每年夏季都去露营。| a shop
that sells camping equipment 一家出售露营设备的商店
camp out phr ν [I] 1 to sleep outdoors 露宿 2 infml, espe. 
cially BrE to live in uncomfortable conditions for a short time
【非正式，尤英】〔在不舒服的环境下〕勉强暂住：We'll just have
to camp out until all our furniture arrives. 在所有的家具运到
之前，我们只能凑合着住一下了。
camp up phr v camp it up infml to act or behave in a funny
unnatural way, with too much movement of the hands and too
much expression in the voice; OVERACT【非正式】过分做作：夸
大[不自然]地行动
camp3 adj infml【非正式】1 (of a man) behaving or looking like
a woman, especially in an intentional way〔男人〕像女人似的，
娘娘腔的：camp mannerisms 十足的女人气2 so unreal, unnatural
or pretended etc, as to be amusing 过分做作的，夸大的 3 HO
MOSEXUAL 同性恋的
cam-paign1 /kaem`pen; kaem'pein/ n 1 a connected set of mili
tary actions forming a separate part of a war 战役 2 a con
ected set of actions intended to obtain a particular result, es
pecially in politics or business〔政治性或商业性的)运动：游说
宣传活动：She fought a successful election campaign. 她的竞
选活动很成功。| an advertising campaign 广告宣传活动| The
government has launched a campaign against smoking. 政府
开展了戒烟运动。| He is a campaign coordinator for a well-
known charity. 他在一家著名的慈善机构担任活动协调员
campaign2v [I (for, against)] to lead, take part in, or go on a
campaign 领导[参加、推行]一场运动：Joan is campaigni
for women's right to equal pay. 琼正发起为妇女争取同工同酬
权利的运动。 — ~er n
Campaign for Nu. cle. ar Dis. ar-ma. ment, the/. . 
the full name of CND 核裁军运动〔全称
Cam·pa-nel-la /kaempe`ncle;, kaempe'nele/, Roy /roi; roi/(1921. 
1993) a US BASEBALL player who was famous for his skill as a
CATCHER, and was also one of the first black players in the
MAJOR LEAGUES康帕内拉〔(1921-1993)，美国棒球运动员，以
接球技巧出名，他也是职业棒球大联盟的首批黑人运动员之一〕
cam. pa. ni. le /，kaempe`nili;kaempe'ni:li/ n a high bell tower
which stands separately from any other building （独立的）钟楼
cam·pa. nol. o. gy /kaempe`naled3i; kaempe'npled3i/ n [U] the
art of ringing bells 鸣钟术 - -gist n
Cam·pa. ri /kaem`pari; kaem'pa:ri/ trademark a type of BITTER
red alcoholic drink often drunk before a meal. It is usually
nixed with SODA and is drunk especially by women. 【商标】金
巴利开胃酒〔一种常在餐前饮用的红色苦味酒，一般加上苏打水
喝，尤为女士饮用
camp bed /，· '·/ BrE【英】‖ usually 一般作 cot AmE【美】- n a
light narrow bed which folds flat and is easily carried 行军床
折叠床：露营床
Camp. bell Soup Com. pa. ny, the /，kaembl`sup kvmpeni:
kaembal 'su:p kvmpani/ trademark a food company known
especially for its soup【商标】“金宝”汤类食品公司：Campbell's
tomato soup“金宝”牌番茄汤
Camp Da. vid /. '. / the country home of the US President, where
the President goes to relax. It is remembered especially for the
Camp David Agreement, which established peace betweer
Egypt and Israel and was signed at Camp David in 1979. 戴维
营〔美国总统乡村休憩的住所，1979年埃及和以色列在此签署以
建立和平为目的的戴维营协议，人们印象尤为深刻
camp. er /`kaempe; 'kaempe/ n 1 a person who camps 露营者
2 a contained room fitted onto a PICK-UP (2) big enough to live
in when on holiday, having cooking equipment and beds in it
野营拖车〔一种拖挂在小卡车后，有床、厨房设备等供度假者使用
的封闭房屋) — compare 比较 CARAVAN(1)3 not a happy
camper AmE spoken used about someone who is not happy
about a situation【美，口】心里别扭，不开心：Gary is not a happy
camper -- he finished third. 加里心里挺别扭的
他跑了第
三名。| Jack had just picked up the two cards I need to win
and I was not a happy camper. 杰克摸到两张我需要的赢牌，我
心里挺窝囊的
camp. fire /`kaemp fair; 'kaempfaie'/n a wood fire made in the
open air by campers 营火，篝火
Camp Fire /' / an organization in the US for girls and boys. 
which teaches them practical skills and helps them develop
their character 营火团〔美国一个少男少女的组织，传授其成员实
用技能并帮助他们培养品性〕
camp fol. low. er /'. . / n 1 often derog a follower or sup. 
porter (e. g. of a political plan, party, or leader) who is not ac-
tually a member of the main group【常贬】〔党派、领导人、主张
等的〕追随者：盲从者，附和者2(especially formerly)a person
(especially a PROSTITUTE) who is not a soldier but who fol-
lows the army from place to place to provide services 随军队
行动的人<如为军队提供服务的商人>；[尤指随军的〕营妓
camp-ground /kaemp graund; 'kaempgraund/ n especially AmE
an area in which people may camp【尤美】（野）营地
cam. phor /`kaemfa; 'kaemfe'/ n [U] a strong-smelling white
substance with various medical and industrial uses, which is
also used to keep insects away 樟脑
camping gas /'· / BrE n gas, usually in a small CYLINDRICAL
container, used to produce light and heat for cooking when
camping 野营用燃气〔通常装在圆柱型容器内，野营时用以照明和
做饭〕
Cam·pi. on /`kempien; 'kaempien/, Jane (1954-)a New
Zealand film DIRECTOR who made the film The Piano (1993)
坎皮恩〔(1954-)，新西兰电影导演，曾制作影片《钢琴别恋》
(1993))
camp rob. ber /'. / n an American bird which seems unafraid
of people and often flies away with food and other things that
attract it 灰噪鸦〔一种美洲鸟，似乎不害怕人类，常窃得吸引它的
食物等东西后飞走
camp. site /`kaemp sait; 'kaempsait/ n 1 especially BrE a place
such as a field, used for camping in【尤英】（野）营地 2 AmE a
place, often within a campground, for one group, family, or
person to camp in【美】〔野营地内〕扎营的地
方
camp. stool /kaempstul; 'kaempstu:l/ n AmE a small folding
seat with no back【美】轻便折凳
cam·pus /`kaempes; 'kaempes/ n [C; U] the grounds and build. 
ng
ings of a university or college 〔大学的)校园：The new library
was built in the centre of the campus. 新图书馆建在校园的中
心。| a campus university (=one in whic all the buildings are
. . 
in the same area, often outside a town)〔建筑物集中于同一地
区，且常设在郊外的)校园大学 | Do you live on campus or in
the town?你住校还是住在城里？
CAMRA /`'kaemre; 'kaemre/ abbrev. for 缩写=Campaign for Real
Ale; a British organization that encourages people to drink beer
that has been made using traditional methods. It also supports
PUBS that sell this type of beer. “纯正麦酒运动”组织〔英国的一
个组织，鼓励人们饮用按传统方法酿造的啤酒，还赞助出售此类啤
酒的小酒馆
cam-shaft /`kaem, faeft; 'kaemfa:ft/ n a rod to which a CAM is
fastened 凸轮轴
Ca. mus /kae`mju; kae'mju:/ Al. bert /`aelber; 'aelbee/(1913. 
1960) a French EXISTENTIALIST writer and PHILOSOPHER who
believed that life has no meaning, but that people can still be
happy. He is best known for his novels L'Etranger (1942) and
La Peste(1948). 加缪〔(1913-1960)，法国存在主义作家和哲学
家，他相信生命毫无意义，但是也相信人们仍能够快乐，以小说《局
0237
外人》(1942)和《鼠疫》(1948)最为出名〕
*can1/ken; ken; strong 强读 kaen; kaen/ v [modal+te-v] 3rd per-
son sing. 第三人称单数为 can, negative short form 否定缩略
形式为 can't 1 to be able to 能，有能力：He's so tall he can
touch the ceiling. 他那么高，手能碰到天花板。| This machine
can perform two million calculations per second. 这台机器每
沙钟能运算200万次。| I can't remember where I put it. 我不
记得把它放在哪里了。| They have everything that money can
buy, 他们拥有金钱所能买到的一切。| Can you lift this box?
你能抬起这箱子吗？ | The police still haven't found her, but
they're doing all they can. 警方还没有找到她，但在尽一切努
力去做。2 (used to show what is possible or likely)有可能，会
I'm sure we can settle this problem. 我肯定我们会解决这个问
题的。| I am confident that a solution can be found. 我有信心
会找到解决的办法。| There can be no doubt that he is guilty. 
他有罪，这是毋庸置疑的。| The word ‘bank' can be used in
several different ways/can have several different meanings. 
“bank”这个词可有几种不同的用法[意思]。| Can he still be
alive after all this time?拖了这么长时间，他还可能活着吗？
3 to know how to 懂得，会：She can speak French. 她会说法
语。4 to be allowed to or have permission to; may 可以：You
can't play football here. 你们不可以在此踢足球。|“Can we
go home now, please?”“No, you can't. ”“我们现在可以回家
了吗？”“不，不行。”| You can't pick the ball up in football. 
(=it is against the rules)踢足球时，不能用手拾球。5 [usually
in questions or negatives 一般用于疑问句或否定句] to allow
oneself to 容许（自己） ：She's left her husband, but can you
blame her after the way he treated her?她离开了丈夫，但在
他那样对待她之后，你能责怪她吗？| It's a very kind offer, but
I really can't accept it. 这个建议很好，但我真的不能接受。6 to
have to; must 必须：If you won't keep quiet you can get out!
如果你不保持安静，那就只好请你出去了！7(used when asking
someone to do something, give something etc 用于拜托、请求)：
Can you help me to lift it, please?你能帮我抬起这件东西吗？|
Can I have one of your cigarettes?我可以向你讨支香烟吗？
 — compare 比较 COULD (5) 8 (used especially in expressions
of surprise) may perhaps〔尤用于表示惊讶〕究竟··；可能·吗？：
What can it possibly be?那究竟是什么呢？| You can't be
serious! 你不会是认真的吧！ | Whatever can they want?他们
究竟想要些什么呢？ 9 (used to show what sometimes happens
用于表示可能性)：It can get quite cold here at night. 夜间这里
可能很冷。| He can be quite annoying sometimes. 他有时会
是相当讨厌的。10(used with verbs expressing actions of the
five senses and of the mind 与表示五种感官和知觉的动词连用)
I can see/hear you easily from here. 从这里我很容易看到你
[听见你说话]。| I can't understand him when he speaks so
fast. 他说得太快时我就听不懂。| You can imagine how an-
noyed she was!你可以想像得出她是多么生气！ — see also 另见
CANNOT, CAN'T, COULD; see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Modals
USAGE 用法说明 1 Except in formal writing, can is
now more common than may to express ‘permission’在表
示“许可”时，如今 can 比 may 更为通用，但正式书面语除
外：You can go now. (你可以走了。) It is also used to ex-
press permission for the future. 此外 can 也可用于表示将
来的许可：You can borrow my car tomorrow. (明天你可以
借用我的汽车。)2 Can expresses present ability. can 表示
现有的能力：I can swim now. (我现在能游泳了。) To express
future ability use will be able. 表示将来的能力用 will be
able: I'll be able to play the Beethoven violin concerto if
I practise for long enough. (经过长期练习，我定能演奏贝
多芬的小提琴协奏曲。) For past ability see COULD (USAGE)
关于过去的能力，可参阅 could 的用法。3 Can is not usu
ally used to express the idea of 'perhaps'(uncertainty)
Instead, we use may, might, or (less commonly) could. 通
常不用 can 来表示“或许”〔不确定〕而以 may, might 或
could 〔较少用)代之：The road may/might/could be
blocked. (=Perhaps the road is blocked. )(道路可能被封了。)
But can is used to ask questions about possibility. 但 can
可用于有关“可能性”的问话里：Can this be true? (=I am
surprised)(这会是真的吗？) and to say that something is
impossible 也用于说某件事是不可能的：This can't be true
(这不可能是真的。)4 Can is often used with verbs that
concern the mind and the senses. 另外 can 常和涉及心思或
感觉的动词连用， such as 如：believe, feel, hear, see; I'm
looking at this photograph; I can see some famous people
in it. (我正在看这张照片：我在其中看到一些知名人士。)-
see also 另见 COULD (USAGE), MIGHT (USAGE), NOT
(USAGE), SEE (USAGE)
*can2/kaen; kaen/ n 1 [C] a closed metal container in which foods
are preserved without air; TIN' (2)罐头〔食品)：He opened a
can of beans/of beer. 他开了一罐豆子 [啤酒]。2 [C] a usually
round metal container with an open top or removable lid and
sometimes with handles, used for holding milk, oil, waste, ashes
etc 〔上面开口或有盖的〕金属圆罐 [桶]：a petrol can 汽油桶 3 [C
(of)] also 又作 can·ful /-ful; -ful/ the contents of a can 一罐
桶] （之量） 4 [the+S] slang【俚】a prison 监狱 b AmE a TOILET
【美】厕所 5 in the can infml (of films) completed and ready
for showing【非正式】〔影片〕已拍摄好准备放映的 6 can of
worms a very difficult situation which was hidden before(过
去隐藏着的)极为困难的[棘手、麻烦的]局面：The court case
has opened up a real can of worms. 法庭上的案件揭开了一个
一直隐蔽着的十分麻烦的问题。 — see also 另见 carry the can
(CARRY)
can3/kaen; kaen/ v-nn- [T] to preserve (food) by putting it in a
closed metal container without air 把〔食品)装入密封罐头：The
fish is canned in this factory. 鱼是在这家工厂装罐头的。|
canned fruit 罐头水果 — see also 另见 CANNED, CANNING
can4 /kaen; kaen/ v-nn-[T] AmE infml【美，非正式】1 to dismiss
from a job; SACK 解雇，开除 2 to stop 使·停下来：Can the
noise, I'm on the telephone. 别吵了，我在打电话。
Ca. na /`kene; 'keine/ according to the Bible, an ancient town in
GALILEE where Jesus performed his first MIRACLE, in which
he changed water into wine 迦拿〔《圣经》中位于加利利的一个
古镇，是耶稣首次行神迹将水变成酒的地方〕
Ca. naan /kenen; 'keinen/ the name for ancient Palestine which. 
according to the Bible, God promised to Abraham and his
people. Because of this, Canaan is also called the PROMISED
LAND. 迦南〔古代巴勒斯坦名，据《圣经》记载，该地由上帝应许赐
给亚伯拉罕及其后裔，因此也叫“应许之地”〕
Can-a-da /`kaenede; 'kaenede/ a country in N America, north of
the US, which is made up of ten PROVINCEs. Population:
29, 500, 000 (1995). Capital: Ottawa. Canada is the second larg-
est country in the world. It is a member of the COMMONWEALTH
and it used to be part of the BRITISH EMPIRE. Before that, part
of it was governed by France, and its official languages are
English and French. 加拿大〔北美国家，位于美国以北，由10个
省组成。人口：29, 500, 000(1995)，首都：渥太华。为世界第二大
国。它是英联邦成员国，过去是英帝国的一部分，再之前受法国统
治。官方语言为英语和法语〕 — see also 另见 QUEBEC - Ca-
nadian /ke`nedien; ke'neidien/ n, adj
Canada Dry/. . '/ trademark a type of SOFT DRINK product
especially GINGER ALE【商标】卡纳达软饮料〔尤指姜汁啤酒〕
Canadian ba. con /ke, nedien `beken; ke, neidien 'beiken/ n [U]
AmE BACON which does not have much fat on it【美】〔一种不
含太多脂肪的〕加拿大熏猪肉
ca. nal /ke`nael; ke'nael/ n an artificial stretch of water dug in the
ground a to allow ships or boats to travel along it 运河：The
Panama canal joins two oceans. 巴拿马运河连通两个大洋。
The coal is delivered by canal. 煤通过运河运输。b to bring
water to or remove water from an area〔引水或排水用的〕沟渠，
水道：Canals have been built to irrigate the desert. 已开渠灌
溉沙漠。- — compare 比较 CHANNEL' (1)； see also 另见 ALI-
MENTARY CANAL
canal boat /. / n a long narrow boat for use on a canal 运河船
〔行驶于运河上的狭长平底船只〕
Can. a. let. to /kaenl`sto;, kaene'leteu/, An. to. ni. o /aen`tonio;
aen'teunieu/(1697-1768) an Italian painter, known especially
for his paintings of Venice and of the River Thames in London
卡纳莱托〔(1697-1768)，威尼斯画家，尤以其描绘威尼斯和伦敦
泰晤士河的作品而闻名〕
can·a·lize also 又作 -lise BrE【英】/`kaen] aiz; 'kaenel-aiz/ v[T]
1 to deepen, straighten, or widen (a river), usually to stop flood-
ing 挖深[修直、加宽]河道 2 [(into)] to direct (a variety of
actions) to one particular purpose 把·疏导到·，把··引向某一
目标：The company intends to canalize all its efforts into im
proving its image with the public. 公司有意集中所有力量来改
进它在公众心目中的形象。-- -lization /kaen]e`zefen;kaenelai-
'zeifan/ n [U]
can. a. pe /kaenepi; 'kaenepei/ n a small piece of bread spread
with cheese, fish, or meat and usually served with drinks at a
party〔加有乳酪、鱼、肉等的〕小片开胃面包
ca. nard /ke`nard; kae'na:d/ n Fr a false report or piece of news
【法】谣言；虚报；假新闻
ca. nar. y /ke`neri; ke'neari/ n a small yellow bird often kept as a
pet for its singing 金丝雀
Ca-na-ry Is. lands, the /'·. ·/ also 又作 the Canaries a group
of islands near NW Africa which belong to Spain. British tour-
ists often visit the Canary Islands because the weather is al-
0238
ways warm and sunny, 加那利群岛〔位于非洲西北部附近海域
属西班牙。那里天气温暖、阳光普照，所以英国人常去旅游)
Canary Wharf /. / part of the DOCKLANDS area in E London. 
which includes Canary Wharf Tower, the tallest building in
the UK, and many other large office buildings that were built
in the 1980s 加那利码头〔伦敦东部码头区的一部分，建有英国最
高的建筑加那利码头大厦，还有许多建于20世纪80年代的其他
大型办公楼〕
ca·nas. ta /ke`naeste; ke'naeste/ n [U] a card game in which two
sets (PACKS) of cards are used 凯纳斯特纸牌戏〔用两套纸牌-
起玩的牌戏
an·ber·ra /`kaenbere; 'kaenbare/ the capital city of Australia
堪培拉〔澳大利亚首都〕
can. can /kaenkaen; 'kaenkaen/ n (especially in France in the 19th
century) a fast dance performed on stage in which women kick
their legs high and shake their long skirts肯肯舞，康康舞〔19
世纪流行于法国的一种快节奏表演性舞蹈，以女表演者掀裙高踢腿
为特征〕
can·cel /`kaensl; 'kaensel/ν-ll- BrE【英】‖ -l- AmE【美】[T] 1 to
give up (a planned activity, event etc); state or decide that
(something) will not happen 放弃；撤销，取消，中止：She can
celled her trip to New York as she felt ill. 她觉得身体不适，故
取消了纽约之行。| The match had to be cancelled owing to
the bad weather. 由于天气不好，球赛不得不取消了。| We re
gret to announce that the 10. 30 train to Glasgow has been
cancelled. 我们深感抱歉地宣布，10：30开往格拉斯哥的列车将停
开。 — compare 比较 POSTPONE 2 to destroy the force, 
effectiveness, or value of 使作废，废除；注销；删除：I've can
cellea my subscription to the magazine. 我已取消订购那本杂
志。| to cancel a cheque/postage stamp (=by drawing a line
through it)使支票[邮票]作废<在上面画一条线>
cancel sthg. out phr v [T] to match exactly and so take
away the effect of; balance 抵消；均衡；中和：The losses of our
overseas section cancel out the profits made by the company
at home. 我们海外部的亏损抵消了国内公司赚得的利润。| The
two factors cancel each other out. 这两种因素正好相互抵消，
can·cel·la·tion /kaense`lefen;, kaense'leifan/ n 1 [C; U](an
example of) the act of cancelling 取消；勾销，注销：The can-
cellation of the order for planes led to the closure of the
factory. 购置飞机订单的取消导致这家工厂的倒闭。| The flight
is fully booked. but if there are any cancellations we will let
you know. 这班机的机票已预订一空，如有取消预订的，我们一定
通知你。2 [C] the mark used when cancelling something, such
as a postage stamp 注销[盖销]记号
can. cer /`kaense; 'kaense/ n [C; U] (a serious medical condi. 
tion caused by) a diseased growth in the body, which may cause
death. Cancer is a common cause of death in Western coun-
tries and is a disease that people are very frightened of getting
癌（症）〔在西方国家癌症是一种常见的死亡原因，人们对此极为恐
惧)：lung cancer 肺癌 | He's got a cancer in his throat. 他得
了咽喉癌。| cancer of the breast 乳 （腺） 癌 | (fig. 喻) Vio
ence is the cancer (=the spreading evil)of modern society
暴力是现代社会之毒瘤。 — compare 比较CANKER;see also 另
见 CARCINOGENIC — ~ous adj: a cancerous growth 癌性瘤状
物
Cancer n 1 [U] the fourth sign of the ZODIAC, represented by a
CRAB 巨蟹宫[座] 2 [C] Cancerian someone born between 22
June and 22 July 出生于巨蟹座时段的人〔即在6月22日至7月
22日之间出生的人) — see also 另见 ZODIAC (USAGE), tropic
of cancer (TROPIC)
can·de·la·brum /kaendl`ebrem;kaend'la:brem/n-brums or
-bra /-bre; -bre/ a decorative holder for several candles or lamps
〔可插多支蜡烛或几个灯泡的〕装饰性烛[灯]台 — compare 比
较CANDLESTICK
can. did /`kaendid; 'kaendd/ adj open, honest, and sincere in
manner; directly truthful, even when telling the truth is unwel-
come 坦诚的，率直的；耿直忠厚的，直言不讳的：I would like your
candid opinion of these proposals. 我欢迎你对这些建议提出
坦诚的意见。| To be quite candid, I don't like your hairstyle. 
说老实话，我不喜欢你的发式。 — see also 另见 CANDOUR -
~ly adv: She talked quite candidly about her unhappy
marriage. 她对自己不愉快的婚姻谈得十分坦率。
can-di-da /kaendide; 'kaendde/n [U] a type of FUNGUS (2) from
the Candida group, especially Candida albicans which causes
THRUSH(2)念珠菌〔假丝酵母属的一种真菌，尤指引起真菌性口
炎的白色念珠菌〕
can·di·da. cy /kaendidesi;'kaenddsi/ also又作 can·di·da·ture
/`kaendidetf; 'kaenddtfe/ especially BrE【尤英】— n [C; U]
cancan 肯肯舞
the fact of being a candidate, especially for a political office
〔尤指政治性的〕候选人资格[身份]：He announced his candi
dacy for the next presidential election, 他宣布了自己竞选下
届总统的候选人身份
can·di·date /`kaende, det; 'kaenddt/ n1 [(for)] a person who
wants to be chosen for a job or elected to a position, or whom
other people have suggested as a suitable person for such a job
or position 候选人；候补人：They are interviewing candidates
for the job of sales manager. 他们在面试应征做推销经理的人
选。| a parliamentary candidate 议会议员候选人 2 especially
BrE a person taking an examination【尤英】投考者，应考人
Can-dide /kan`did; kon'di:d/(1759) a book by the French writer
VOLTAIRE which is a SATIRE (=humorous criticism) on the be-
lief that 'everything is for the best in the best of all possible
worlds'. Candide is a young man who is taught to be an
OPTIMIST, but his experiences show him how bad life is, and
he decides that it is best to 'cultivate (=look after) one's own
garden'. 《老实人》〔(1759)，法国作家伏尔泰创作的一部小说，是
一部讽刺“诸事皆完美”的信念的作品。主人公康第德是一名受乐
观主义教育的年轻人，但他的经历向他表明世事多么险恶，最终他
决定最好还是去“打理自家的花园”〕
can-died /'kaendid; 'kaendid/ adj [A] covered with shiny sugar
糖渍的，蜜饯的；凝成冰糖状的；candied fruit 蜜饯水果
*can. dle /`kaendl; 'kaendl/ n 1 a usually round stick of WAX con-
taining a length of string (WICK) which gives light when it burns
蜡烛 2 can't hold/is not fit to hold a candle to infml to be not
nearly as good as【非正式】远逊于，简直不能与·相比：No one
can hold a candle to him when it comes to playing the guitar. 
说到弹吉他，谁也比不上他。3 Out, out brief candle! quote a
phrase from Shakespeare's play Macbeth, said by Macbeth
when he is talking about how short and meaningless our lives
are【引】熄灭了吧，熄灭了吧，短促的烛光！〔出自莎士比亚戏剧《麦
克白》，麦克白在说生命短暂而且毫无意义时讲的话〕 — see also
另见 ROMAN CANDLE, burn the candle at both ends (BURN1)
Candle in the Wind /'·. ··/ a song originally written in 1973
and sung by Elton John. It was recorded again with different
words in 1997， in memory of Diana, Princess of Wales, and it
sold more copies than any other record ever made. 《风中之烛》
〔埃尔顿最初作于1973年并演唱的歌曲，1997年为纪念威尔士王
妃戴安娜而重新填词录制，成为有史以来销量最高的唱片〕
candle-light /`kaendl lait; 'kaendl-lait/n [U] the light produced
by candles. Candlelight is thought to be ROMANTIC and to en
courage interest between the sexes. 烛光〔烛光被认为具有浪漫
情调，能增进异性之间的好感)：We dined by candlelight. 我们
在烛光下用餐
candle-lit /'· / adj lit by candles 用烛光照明的：a candle-lit
dinner for two 两人的烛光晚餐
Can·dle·mas /kaendlmaes; 'kaendlmaes/ a Christian holy day. 
February 2nd, which celebrates the presentation of Jesus Christ
in the temple and the PURIFICATION (=making pure) of his
mother Mary 圣母行洁净礼日，圣烛节〔基督教圣日，定于2月2
日，纪念圣母马利亚前往圣殿行洁身礼，并将耶稣献给上帝〕
can. dle. stick /`kaendl, stik; 'kaendl, stik/ n a holder for usually
one candle〔一般只插一根蜡烛的)烛台 — compare 比较 CAN-
DELABRUM
can·dle·wick /`kaendl, wik; 'kaendl, wik/ n [U] cloth with a deco-
rative pattern made of rows of raised short threads separated
from other rows by bare material 烛芯纱〔有凸起花纹的织物〕
a candlewick bedspread 有凸起花纹的床罩
can·dour BrE‖-dor AmE【美】/`kaende; 'kaende/ n [U] the
quality of being sincerely honest and truthful (CANDID)诚心诚
意；正直，坦率，公正
candy /kaendi; 'kaendi/ n [C; U] especially AmE (a shaped piece
of) various types of boiled sugar, sweets, or chocolate【尤美】
糖果，糖块：Eating all that candy will rot your teeth! 把这些糖
果都吃光你会蛀牙的！ | Is there a candy machine here some
0239
where?这儿什么地方有自动售糖机？ — compare
(1)
candy ap·ple /'·，·/ n AmE for【美】= TOFFEE APPLE
candy bar /'· ·/ n AmE a bar covered with chocolate and filled
with a variety of different sweets【美】巧克力糖果条：What's
your favorite candy bar?你最喜欢吃什么巧克力糖果条？
candy cane /'. /n [C] AmE a stick of hard red and white sugar
with a curved end【美】棒糖
can·dy·floss /kaendi flas; 'kaendiflps/ BrE【英】‖ cotton candy
AmE【美】- n [U] fine sticky, often coloured, sugar thread:
eaten as a sweet and usually on a stick. Candyfloss is con-
nected with CARNIVALS, FAIRS, and AMUSEMENT PARKs and in
Britain it is also sold in seaside towns, and people often eat it
when they are on holiday. 棉花糖〔它通常和狂欢节、集市、游乐
场等联系在一起。在英国，海边城镇也有出售，人们常在度假时食
用〕
can-dy-striped /'·/ adj (especially of cloth) having narrow
coloured lines on a white background 白底有条子花纹的〔布〕
a candy-striped blouse 条纹布女衬衫
candy strip. er /'·，·/ n AmE a girl who does VOLUNTARY
(=without pay) work in a hospital【美】志愿在医院里服务的小
姑娘
cane1/ken; kein/ n 1 [C] the hard smooth thin, often hollow. 
stem of certain plants (tall grasses such as BAMBOO)〔藤、竹等
的)茎 — see also 另见 SUGARCANE 2 [C] a long thin stick
used by schoolteachers, especially in the past, to beat children
as a punishment for bad behaviour〔旧时教师用来责打学生，作
为对其不良行为处罚的〕藤条；藤杖：The teacher gave him the
cane (=hit him with a cane) for fighting in school. 老师用藤条
打他，因为他在学校里打架。3 [U] lengths of cane used as a
material for making furniture （制家具用的）藤料； cane chairs
藤椅 4 [C] a length of cane used for supporting weak plants, 
for helping weak people to walk 藤条；拐杖； a walking cane手
杖 5 [C] the woody stem of certain fruit-bearing plants 某些果
树的主茎：raspberry canes 悬钩子的枝
cane2v [T] especially BrE【尤英】1 to punish (someone) by hit
ting them with a cane 用藤条鞭打〔以示责罚)：a campaign to
abolish caning in schools废除学校鞭打学生的运动2
(especially in newspapers) to defeat completely; TROUNCE(尤
用于报章文字中)大败〔对手)：England were caned by France
in last night's game. 在昨晚的比赛中，英国队大败于法国队
ca-nine /`kenain; 'keinain/ adj, n tech (of, for, or typical of) a
dog or related animal【术语】犬（的）；犬科动物（的）
canine tooth /'·/ n any of four sharp pointed teeth in the
human mouth 〔人的〕犬齿 — compare 比较 INCISOR
can. is. ter /kaeniste; 'kaenster/ n1 a usually metal container
for holding a dry substance, such as tea〔装千东西如茶叶等的)
金属小罐 2 a small container which bursts and scatters its con-
tents when thrown or fired from a gun 霰弹筒：（瓦斯弹等的）滤
毒罐：a canister of teargas 一枚催泪弹
can. ker /kaenke; 'kaenke/n [C; U] (an area of) soreness caused
by a disease which attacks the wood of trees and the flesh
(especially the mouth and ears) of animals and people 溃疡：
疮；痈；口蹄疫；（果树的）根瘤病，枝枯病：Our cat has a canker
in its ear. 我们的猫耳朵里有一处溃疡。| (fig. 喻) Violence is
the canker (=spreading evil) in our society, 暴力是我们社会的
痈疽。 — compare 比较 CANCER — ~ous adj
can·na. bis /kaenebis;'kaenebs/ also 又作dope, grass, pot
slang【俚】- n [U] the drug produced from a particular type
of HEMP plant (Indian hemp), sometimes smoked in cigarettes
to give a feeling of pleasure, leading to sleepiness. Using and
selling cannabis is against the law in most Western countries
(印度)大麻〔吸食或贩卖大麻在多数西方国家是违法的〕-com
pare 比较 BHANG, HASHISH, MARIJUANA
canned /kaend; kaend/ adj 1 (of food) preserved in a tin〔食物)
罐装的：canned beans 罐头菜豆 2 usually derog recorded in
advance and having an unoriginal or artificial quality【常贬】
录音的； canned music in the airport lounge 机场休息室里播放
的唱片音乐 | canned laughter on a TV comedy show 电视滑
稽节目中预先录制好的笑声3[F] slang drunk【俚】喝醉酒的
can. nel. lo. ni /kaen]`oni; kaen'leuni/ n [U] small quantities of
meat or cheese, each with a covering of PASTA 配有肉或干酪的
意大利面食
can·ne. ry /`kaeneri; 'kaeneri/ n a factory where food is put in
tins 罐头食品
Cannes /kaen: kaen/ a fashionable expensive town next to the
Mediterranean Sea in S France which is famous as a holiday
centre and because of the Cannes Film Festival, a yearly event
when new international films are shown for the first time and
are judged 戛纳〔位于法国南部、临地中海一时髦、高消费的小镇，
比较SWEET
以作为度假中心而闻名，还因一年一度的戛纳电影节出名。在电影
节上新的国际影片首次上映并参加评选〕
can·ni·bal /`kaenebl; 'kaenbal/ n 1 a person who eats humar
flesh 食人肉者
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US and UK, there
is an old STEREOTYPE about cannibals that is sometimes
used in CARTOONS. They are drawn as men who have a
bone through their nose or tied in their hair. They usually
wear grass skirts, and are typically shown cooking a MIS
SIONARY or an EXPLORER in a very big pot, 在美, 英两国
食人族有一个由来已久的定型化形象，有时出现在卡通片中
他们被画成这样一种人：鼻子上穿着一根骨头，或头发上系有
根骨头，一般穿草裙，大锅里煮着一名传教士或探险家
2 an animal which eats the flesh of other animals of the same
kind 同类相食的动物：Some fish are cannibals. 有些鱼是食其
同类的。 — ~ism n[U] — ~istic /，kaeneb]`istik;, kaenbe'listik
adi
can·ni·bal·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`kaenebl aiz; 'kaenbelaiz/
v [T] to take (a machine) to pieces to use the parts in other
machines 拆卸利用，拆取〔旧机器的零部件)：He cannibalized
his old car to repair the new one. 他拆旧车零件来修理新车
can·ning /`kaenin; 'kaenin/ n [U] AmE the preserving of food by
storing it in tins or JARS, especially at home【美】〔尤指家庭的
罐头食品制作：These tomatoes will be good for canning. 这些番
茄适宜于制做罐头。| I'm out of canning jars. 我没有罐头瓶了。
can·non1/`kaenen; 'kaenen/ n cannons or cannon a large pow-
erful gun, often fixed to the ground or onto a two-wheeled car-
riage or, in modern times, fixed to an aircraft 大炮，加农炮；〔飞
机上的)机关炮：a 15th century cannon 15世纪的大炮| fighter
planes armed with cannon 装有机关炮的战斗机 — see also 另
见WATER CANNON
cannon2v [I+adv/prep] to hit or knock forcefully, especially
by accident 〔尤指无意的〕碰撞，相撞：She came running round
the corner, cannoned into me, and knocked me over. 她从拐
角处跑过来，撞了我一个满怀，把我撞倒了
can·non·ade /，kaenen`ed;, kaene'neid/n continuous heavy fir
ing by large guns 连续炮击
can·non·ball /kaenen bol; 'kaenen. bo:l/n a heavy iron ball fired
from an old type of cannon〔旧时的球形〕炮弹
cannon fod. der /'. . ·/ n [U] ordinary soldiers thought of as
nothing but military material to be used without regard for their
lives 炮灰〔指士兵〕
can-not /`kaenat; 'kaenet/ fml【正式】1 can not 不能：Mr Smith
is sorry that he cannot accept your kind invitation to dinner
史密斯先生不能接受你的邀请赴宴，深表歉意。 — compare 比较
CAN'T; see 参见 CAN (USAGE), MUST (USAGE) 2 cannot but
fml or pomp must【正式，夸张】不得不，必须：One cannot but
admire her even if one may not like her. 尽管你不一定喜欢
她，但不能不佩服她
can·ny /`kaeni; 'kaeni/ adj 1 clever, careful, and not easily
deceived, especially in money matters; SHREWD〔尤指在钱财
上)精明的；不易上当的；谨慎的2NE EngE nice; good【英格
兰东北部】好的；好看的，漂亮的：a canny lass漂亮的小女孩-
-nily adv
ca. noe' /ke`nu; ke'nu:/ n a long light narrow boat, pointed at
both ends, and moved by a PADDLE held in the hands 独木舟
小划子：to paddle a canoe 划独木舟 | We crossed the lake by
canoe. 我们乘独木舟过湖去。 — see also 另见 paddle one's
own canoe(PADDLE2(5)
canoe2v canoed, present participle canoeing [I] to travel by
canoe 乘 [划] 独木舟 — ~ist n
ca·no·la /ke`nole; ke'neule/ n [U] AmE【美】1 RAPE3油菜 2 AmE
oil from the seeds of RAPE3, used in cooking【美】〔烹调用的〕
菜籽油
can. on1 /kaenen; 'kaenen/ n 1 an established law of the Chris-
tian church 〔基督教〕教规 2 fml a generally accepted standard
of behaviour or thought【正式】〔伦理或思想行为上的〕规范，准
则，标准：His attack on her honesty offends against the can-
ons of good taste. 他对她的诚实进行责难，是有失风度的。3 ar
official list of writings that are recognized as being truly the
work of a certain writer or as being part of a larger collection
of writings 原著，真作，真本（书目），真传经典：This poem is now
accepted as belonging to the Shakespearian canon. 这首诗现
在被认为是莎士比亚的真作
canon2n a Christian priest with special duties in a CATHEDRAL
大教堂教士会[参事会]成员
Canon trademark a Japanese company that makes cameras, and
various types of electronic goods, especially PHOTOCOPIERS
0240
and office equipment【商标】佳能公司〔一家日本公司，生产照相
机和各种电子产品，尤其是复印机、办公室设备〕
ca. non. i. cal /ke`nanikl; ke'nonikel/ adj 1 according to CANON
LAW 按照教规的 2 belonging to a CANON'(3)真作的，正经的
can·on·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`kenen aiz; 'kaenenaiz/v
[T] (especially in the Roman Catholic Church) to declare (a
dead person) officially a SAINT〔尤指罗马天主教〕把（死者）封
为圣人：Joan of Arc was canonized in 1920. 贞德于 1920年被
封为圣女。--ization /，kaenenai`zefen;kaenenai'zeifen/n[C;
U]
canon law /. /n [U] the body of established law of the Chris
tian church 基督教教会法 — compare 比较 CIVIL LAW, COM
MON LAW, CRIMINAL LAW
ca·noo·dle /ke`nudl; ke'nu:dl/ y [I] BrE old-fash infml (of a
man and a woman) to hold each other lovingly; CUDDLE【英
旧，非正式】〔男女)拥抱，爱抚：canoodling in the back of the
cinema 在电影院的后排搂抱着
can o·pen·er /'·/ n especially AmE for【尤美】= TIN OPENER
can. o. py /kaenepi; 'kaenepi/ n 1 a cover fixed above a baby's
PRAM to protect the baby from the sun〔婴儿车上遮太阳的)车
篷 2 a decorative cover usually of cloth fixed above a bed or
seat or carried on posts above a person on ceremonial occasions
(罩在床铺、宝座上面的)罩篷，华盖：(fig. 喻) a canopy of branches
足以阻挡强烈阳光的浓密枝叶 3 the enclosure over the front part
(COCKPIT)of a plane(飞机的)驾驶舱盖
Canseco, Jose (1964- )a US BASEBALL player who is famous
for his skill at hitting HOME RUNS坎塞科〔(1964- )，美国棒球
运动员，以本垒打技术闻名〕
canst /kenst; kenst; strong 强读 kenst; kaenst/ thou canst old
use or bibl (when talking to one person) you can【旧或圣经】你
能，你会
cant' /kaent; kaent/ n [U]1 derog insincere talk, especially about
moral or religious principles, intended to make oneself seem
better than you are【贬】〔尤指有关道德、宗教的〕伪善言辞，空洞
口号：He pretends he cares about unemployment, but that's
just politician's cant. 他假装关心失业问题，其实那不过是政客
耍的花腔。2 special words used by a particular group of people, 
especially to keep the meaning secret from others_行话, 隐语, 
黑话：thieves'cant 盗贼的黑话
ant2v [I;T(OVER)] BrE to (cause to) slope or lean【英】（使）倾
斜：The boat began to cant (over). 船开始倾斜
cant3n a sloping surface or angle斜面；斜坡；斜角
can't /kaent; ka:nt/ short for 缩略形式= 1 can not 不能：I can't
understand what this means. 我不理解这是什么意思。| You
can swim, can't you?你会游泳，不是吗？ — compare 比较
CANNOT; see参见 CAN (USAGE), MUST (USAGE) 2 (sed as
the opposite of must, to say that something is impossible or
unlikely 用作 must 的反义语，表示某事不可能或未必有可能)
They can't have gone out, because the light's on. 他们不大可
能出去了，因为灯还亮着。(compare 比较 They must have gone
out, because the light's not on. 他们一定是出去了，因为灯都
关上了。) — compare 比较 MUST1(2)
Can-tab /kaentaeb: 'kaentaeb/ used after the title of a degree from
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY 剑桥大学的〔用于学位名称之后)：Jane
Smith, MA(Cantab)简·史密斯，剑桥大学文学硕士
can·ta·loup also 又作-loupe AmE【美】/kaentl op; 'kaentelu:p
n [C; U] a type of MELON with a hard green or yellow skin and
juicy reddish-yellow flesh 罗马甜瓜，皱皮香瓜
can·tan. ker. ous /kaen`taenkeres; kaen'taenkeres/ adj infml bad. 
tempered;quarrelsome【非正式】脾气不好的，爱吵架的：a can-
tankerous old man容易发脾气的老人 - — ~ly ady -- -ness i
[U]
can·ta·ta /ken`tate; kaen'ta:te/ n a musical work, usually with a
religious subject, which includes singing by single performers
and by a CHORUS (group of singers). It is shorter than ar
ORATORIO, 清唱剧，〔通常为宗教题材由独唱、重唱、合唱组成的〕
声乐曲 — compare 比较ORATORIO
can. teen /kaen`tin; kaen'ti:n/n 1 especially BrE a place in a
factory, school, military camp etc where meals are provided
usually quite cheaply【尤英】〔工厂、学校、军营等的〕食堂，餐厅
lunch in the works canteen 在工厂食堂里吃午餐 — compare
比较 CAFETERIA 2 a small container in which water or other
drink is carried, especially by soldiers or travellers〔士兵或旅
行者携带的)水壶 3 BrE (a case containing) a set of knives. 
forks, and spoons (CUTLERY)【英】一盒（全套）刀、叉、汤匙餐具
canter' /kaente; 'kaenter/ n 1 [S] the movement of a horse which
is faster than a TROT but slower than a GALLOP〔马的〕普通跑
步，中速跑：We set off at a canter. 我们策马以普通速度跑着上
了路。2 [C] a ride at this speed 骑马小跑：I'm going for a
canter round the field, 我骑着马绕着场地小跑，
canter2v [I; T] to (cause to) move at the speed of a canter(使)
〔马〕以普通速度跑 — compare 比较 GALLOP2, TROT2(1)
Can-ter-bu-ry /kaenta-beri; 'kaentebari/ a small city in SE En
gland which is famous for its impressive 11th century
CATHEDRAL, the main church of the CHURCH OF ENGLAND坎
特伯雷〔位于英格兰东南部一小城市，以其11世纪气势雄伟的大
教堂闻名，该教堂是英国国教会的主教堂〕
Canterbury Tales, The /，· / a long poem written by Geoffrey
CHAUCER in the 14th century, in which PILGRIMS who are tray-
elling to Canterbury tell stories. One of the most famous char-
acters of the Canterbury Tales is the WIFE OF BATH. 《坎特伯雷
故事集》〔杰弗里·乔叟于14世纪创作的一部长诗，由一群去坎特
伯雷的朝圣者讲述故事，其中最著名的人物之一是巴斯妇〕
can·ti·cle /kaentikl; 'kaentikal/n a short religious song usually
taken from the Bible〔歌词一般取自《圣经》的〕圣歌，赞歌，宗教
短歌
can. ti. le. ver /kaentl ive: 'kaentli:ve/ n an armlike beam stand-
ing out from an upright supporting post or wall and used for
supporting a shelf, either end of a bridge (a cantilever bridge)
etc悬臂，支架，肱梁，悬桁
can. to /kaento; 'kaenteu/ n -tos any of the main divisions of a
long poem〔长诗的〕篇
can·ton /'kaentan; 'kaenton/ n a small political division of cer-
tain countries, especially of Switzerland or France 小行政区
〔尤指瑞士的州，法国的县或乡
Can·ton /kaen`tan; kaen'ton/ a name formerly used for
GUANGZHOU, a large city in S China 〔中国南方大城市〕广州〔E
称〕-Cantonese adj
Can·to. na /`kaentena; 'kaentena:/, Er. ic /erik; 'erik/ (1966-)a
French football player who played for the French national team
and for MANCHESTER UNITED, where he became the team's most
successful and popular player in the early 1990s. In 1994 he
was punished for kicking a man in the crowd at a game after
the man insulted him. He stopped playing football in 1997. He
has also acted in French films and appeared in television ad-
vertisements in the UK. 坎通纳〔(1966-)，法国足球运动员. 
曾效力于法国国家队和曼彻斯特联队，成为20世纪90年代初曼
联队最出色、最受欢迎的足球运动员。1994年，在一场比赛中，他
因观众中一名男士出言不逊而踢人受罚，1997年退役。他也曾演
出过法国影片和英国电视广告〕
Can·ton·ese / kaente`niz: kaente'ni:z/ n [U] the form of the
Chinese language that is spoken in S China, especially in
Guangzhou, and in Hong Kong. Cantonese is also spoken by
most of the Chinese people who live in the US and UK. 粤语，
广东话〔尤其通用于广州和香港地区，也为居住在美国和英国的大
多数华人所使用〕 — compare 比较 MANDARIN; see also 另见
CHINESE
can-tor /`kaente; 'kaente/ n 1 the man who leads the people in
prayer and who sings the music in a Jewish religious service
〔犹太教仪式中〕带领祈祷和唱诗者 2 the leader of a CHOIR
(=group of singers) in a church〔教堂中)唱诗班的领唱者
Ca-nuck /ke`nvk; ke'nvk/ n AmE infml a Canadian, especially
one whose first language is French【美，非正式】〔尤指第一语
言为法语的〕加拿大人
Ca-nute /ke`nut; ke'nju:t/ (？995-1035) the King of England from
1016 to 1035， who also became King of Denmark and Norway. 
According to an old story, King Canute once tried to show
how powerful he was by ordering the sea to stop moving to-
wards the land. People sometimes mention this story when they
are talking about something that is so powerful that it is use-
less to try to stop it. 克努特〔(？995-1035)，英格兰国王，1016
年至1035年在位，也是丹麦和挪威的国王。据一则古老的传说所
述，他曾命令海水停止涨潮，以证明自己的强大。人们有时引用这
个故事说明某事物势不可挡
can-vas /kaenves; 'kaenves/ n 1 [U] strong rough cloth used for
tents, sails, bags etc 帆布； a canyas bag 帆布袋 | We spent the
night under canvas. (=in a tent)我们是在帆布帐篷里过夜的。
2 [C] (a piece of this used for) an oil painting〔画在帆布上的〕
油画；画布：The artist showed me her canvases. (=completed
paintings)那位画家给我看了她的油画。
can-vass /`kaenves; 'kaenves/ v1 [I; T (for)] a to try to find out
opinions, win political support, or get orders for goods, by going
from place to place in (an area) and talking to (people)向. 拉
票：游说：推销：The party claims to have canvassed over 70%
of the votes. 这个党声称已通过游说争取到超过70%的选票。|
An army of salespeople canvassed the country to promote
the new product. 一群推销员跑遍全国推销新产品。|I'm can
vassins (for the Republicans) tonight, 我今晚(为共和党) 去拉
选票。b to try to find out (opinions) or win (support or orders)
in this way 详细调查；征求意见；争取支持：I've been canvass
0241
ing the views of our members about the proposed changes. 
我一直就建议中的改动在征求会员的意见。2 [T] to examine or
talk about in detail 详细检查；彻底讨论：This suggestion is be
ing widely canvassed as a possible solution to the dispute. 这
项建议作为解决争执的可行办法，正受到广泛的讨论。—~er n
canvass2n the act of canvassing 拉票；推销；调查；检查；讨论：
door-to-door/house-to-house canvass 挨家挨户的拉票活动
can. yon /kaenjon; 'kaenjen/ n a deep narrow steep-sided valley
usually with a river flowing through 峡谷〔两边为峭壁，谷底通
常有河流的深谷〕— see 参见 VALLEY (USAGE)
*cap1/kaep; kaep/ n 1 a soft flat covering for the head that has a
curved part sticking out at the front (a PEAK or VISOR) and is
worn especially as part of a uniform 便帽；制服帽：an officer's
cap 军官帽 2 a head-covering which is a sign of your position. 
profession, membership of a team or club etc〔表示地位、职业，
所属俱乐部或球队等的)帽子； a nurse's cap 护士帽 | a cricketer's
cap 板球运动员帽 3 any of several kinds of tight-fitting head-
covering 任何一种紧盖住头部的帽子：a swimming cap 游泳帽
a shower cap 淋浴帽 — see also 另见 STOCKING CAP 4 (sometime
in comb. 有时用于复合词) a protective covering for the end or
top of an object 〔一件物品头尾的〕保护盖 [套]：Put the cap back
on the bottle. 把瓶子盖盖上。|(fig. 喻) a cap of snow on the
hilltop 山顶上的积雪 — see also 另见 ICE CAP 5 an upper limit
e. g. on an amount of money that can be spent or borrowed:
CEILINO (2)(可以使用或借到的钱的)最高限额 6 also又作 Dutch
cap, diaphragm - a round usually rubber object fitted inside
woman's VAGINA to allow her to have sex without having
children〔妇女避孕用的)子宫帽 — see also 另见 CONTRACEP·
TIVE 7 a small paper container holding enough explosive to
cause a very small explosion, usually used in toy guns 啪啪纸
[玩具枪中用的纸包火药)8 cap and gown AmE the customary
clothes worn for GRADUATION from a HIGHSCHOOL or
university, consisting of a long black GOWN and a cap with a
flat, square top【美】方顶帽和黑长袍〔中学或大学毕业典礼上穿
戴的传统服饰)9 a head-covering given to a player chosen for
a special team, especially a national one, in cricket, football. 
RUGBY etc〔作为被选入板球、足球、橄榄球等运动队，尤指作为入
选国家队标志的)队员帽：Next week Shilton gets his 100th cap
for England. 下星期希尔顿将第100次入选英格兰队。10 cap
in hand in a respectful and HUMBLE way 谦恭地，恭敬地：to go
cap in hand to the government for money 恭恭敬敬地去向政
府要钱 11 set your cap at old-fash infml (of a woman) to try
o attract (a man) especially with the intention of marriage【过
时，非正式】〔女子〕向〔男人〕献殷勤〔尤指有结婚意图〕，挑逗，追
求 — see also 另见 a feather in someone's cap (FEATHER1), 
put on your thinking cap(THINKING1)
cap2v-pp- [T] 1 to cover the top of 覆盖，笼罩〔·的顶部)：cloud
capped mountains 云彩笼罩着的山顶| cap an oil well 封闭油
井 2 to improve on (what someone has said or done)胜过，超
过，居于··的上风：He capped my story with an even funnier
one. 他讲了一个故事，比我讲的更好笑。| Cap that if you can!
你有本事，就来一个更好的！ | His car was stolen, his wife lefi
him, and to cap it all (=in addition to everything else) he lost
his job!他的车子被偷走了，妻子也离开他了，更糟的是，他还丢
了工作！ 3 also 又作 charge-cap (of central government in
Britain) to punish (a LOCAL AUTHORITY) by giving them less
money than they expected because they have spent more than
a certain amount〔英国中央政府为惩罚地方当局超支而〕减少拨
款 4 to choose for a team 把··选入 （一个队） ：He's been capped
for England at cricket. 他已被选入板球队代表英格兰出赛。
cap. , caps. written abbrev. for 缩写= a capital letter 大写字母
CAP, the / si e `pi; si: ei 'pi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= the Common
Agricultural Policy; a system of laws arranged by the EUROPEAN
UNION to control the production of food and other farm crops. 
It set limits on how much farmers can grow, and provided them
with financial support. The CAP has often been criticized as a
wasteful use of European Union money, and some people think
it has given a lot of money to rich farmers who do not need it. 
共同农业政策〔指欧盟为控制粮食等农作物产量而制定的一整套法
规，它限制农民种植庄稼的数量并提供补贴。人们常批评该政策浪
费了欧盟的资金，有些人认为大量资金补贴了并不需要帮助的富裕
农民〕
ca·pa. bil. i·ty /kepe`bileti;, keipe'bilati/ n [C; U (for, as)] the
fact or quality of being capable, or a way in which someone or
something is capable 能力，才能；性能：No one doubts her ca
pability for the job. 没有人怀疑她担任这一职务的能力。| The
engineer explained the plane's technical capabilities. 工程师
说明了该飞机的技术性能。| a computer with a good graphics
capability 制图能力很好的电脑
ca-pa. ble /`kepebl; 'keipebal/ adj 1 [F+of] able; having the
power, skill, or other qualities needed (to do something)有能
力的：有本领的；有力量的：The company was not capable of
handling such a large order. 公司没有能力应付这样大批的定
货。| She's capable of murder when she loses her temper! 她
在发脾气时，连杀人的事都做得出来的！2 skilful and effective, 
especially in practical matters 熟练的；卓有成效的：a very ca-
pable doctor/manager/driver 一个非常能干的医生[经理；司
机] 3 [F+of] able (to be): ready for; SUSCEPTIBLE 有可能··的：
可以·的：会··的；容许··的：That remark is capable of being
(=could be) misunderstood. 这句评语有可能造成误解。| The
new design is capable of improvement. 新设计还有改进的余
地。 — opposite 反义词 incapable - -bly adv
ca. pa. cious /ke`pefes; ke'peifes/ adj fml able to hold or con-
tain a lot【正式】容量大的，大的；有包容力的：a capacious bottlel
suitcase 一个大瓶子 [一只大提箱] — ~ly adv - — ~ness n [U]
ca. pa. ci. tor /ke`paesete; ke'paeste/n an apparatus that col-
lects and stores electricity, as in a television set 电容器
ca. pac. i. ty /ke`paeseti; ke'paesti/ n 1 [S; U] a the amount that
something can hold or contain 容量，容积；容纳力：The fuel tank
has a capacity of 12 gallons. 这个燃料箱的容量为 12加仑。|
The seating capacity of this theatre is 500. 该剧院有500个座
位。| The hall was filled to capacity. (=completely full)大厅
已满座。| The game was watched by a capacity crowd. 观看
比赛的人坐得满满的。b the amount that something, especially
a factory, can produce〔（尤指工厂的〕产量，（最高）生产力：This
factory has a productive capacity of 200 cars a week. 这家工
厂的最高生产力为每周200辆汽车。| working at full capacity
满负荷工作 |There is a lot of surplus/excess capacity in the
steel industry. (=more can be produced than is actually needed)
在钢铁工业中还有不少剩余[超额]生产能力。2[C;U(for)]
ability or power 能力，才能；力量：He has a great capacity for
enjoying himself. 他很会想办法自得其乐。[+to-v] Her ca-
pacity to remember facts is remarkable. 她的记忆力很惊人。|
Watching the interview, one could see that he had not lost
his capacity for evasion. 从这次采访可以看出他那种闪烁其词
的能力并没有丧失。3 [C] a particular position or duty; ROLE
地位；职位；身份，资格：I'm speaking in my capacity as minis-
ter of trade. 我是以贸易部长的身份在讲话。| She is employed
by them in an advisory capacity. 她以顾问身份被他们聘用。
ca·pa. ri·son /ke`paeresn; ke'paersen/ n (especially in former
times) a decorative cloth covering for a horse (and rider)〔尤指
旧时〕华丽的马衣；马和骑士的盛装 - caparison v[T]
cape1/kep; keip/ n a loose outer garment (or part of a garment)
without SLEEVES, fastened at the neck and hanging from the
shoulders 斗篷；披肩；披风：A bicycle cape will protect you in
wet weather. 自行车雨披可使你在下雨天骑车不被淋湿。| a coat
with a cape collar 一件有斗篷式领口的大衣 — compare 比较
CLOAK1(1)
cape2n (often cap. as part of a name 常用大写作为地名的一部
分) a piece of land standing out into the sea 海角，岬：the Cape
of Good Hope 好望角| Cape Cod 科德角，鳕鱼角
Cape Ca·nav·er. al /kep ke`naeverel; keip ke'naev arel/ a cape
(2)in Florida which is famous for the KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, 
where US spacecraft are sent into space. Cape Canaveral was
formerly called Cape Kennedy. 卡纳维拉尔角〔位于佛罗里达州
一海角，以发射美国宇宙飞船的肯尼迪航天中心闻名，旧称肯尼迪
角)-see colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
Cape Cod /'/ a CAPE (2) in southern Massachusetts in the US
which is a popular place for tourists and is where people can
get on boats to Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket 科德角〔位于
美国马萨诸塞州一海角，为旅游胜地，人们可在此乘船去马莎葡萄
园和南塔基特〕
Cape Col-oured / '·/ Coloured n a South African person of
mixed race with black, white, or east Asian origins. Most Cape
Coloureds live in Cape Town and the surrounding area. 开普省
有色人〔黑人、白人或东亚人混血的南非人，他们大多居住在开普
敦及其邻近地区
Cape Hat·te. ras /kep `haeteres; keip 'haeteres/ a CAPE (2) in
North Carolina in the US, which is a popular place for tourists. 
It is also well known as a place where there are bad storms that
have destroyed many ships. 哈特勒斯角〔位于美国北卡罗来纳
州一海角，为旅游胜地，也以该地毁坏众多船只的暴风雨而出名)
Cape Horn /， '/ the extreme end of South America, known for
its very bad weather and dangerous ocean currents 合恩角〔指
南美洲的最南端，以其极恶劣的天气及危险的洋流而出名〕
Cape Ken·ne·dy / '·/ a former name of CAPE CANAVERAL肯
尼迪角〔卡纳维拉尔角的旧称〕
Cape of Good Hope, the /，. . '/ a PENINSULA (=a piece of
land surrounded on three sides by water) at the southwestern
end of South Africa, where the Atlantic Ocean meets the In-
0242
dian Ocean 好望角〔位于南非最西南端一半岛，大西洋与印度洋
在此汇合〕
Cape Prov·ince /. '. ·/ a PROVINCE in the S of South Africa. Its
full name is Cape of Good Hope Province, and it was for-
merly called Cape Colony. 开普省〔位于南非南部一省，全称为
好望角省，旧称开普殖民地
ca·per1/'kepe; 'keipe/ v [I (ABOUT)] especially lit to jump about
in a happy playful manner【尤文】（快活地）跳跃，雀跃：The
lambs were capering (about) in the fields. 羊羔在田野里跳跃
嬉戏。
caper2n 1 especially lit a playful jumping movement【尤文】嬉
戏的跳跃动作：children dancing and cutting capers(=jumping
about)跳舞雀跃的儿童 2 slang an activity, especially a dis-
honest or illegal one【俚】恶作剧；〔尤指〕欺诈[违法]行为
caper3 n a small dark-green flower BUD used for giving a spe
cial sourish taste to food 〔用于作调味料的〕续随子花芽
Cape Town /' / a large city in South Africa near the Cape of
Good Hope. It is built around TABLE MOUNTAIN, and South
Africa's parliament building is there. 开普敦〔南非一大城市，
位于好望角附近，该城围绕桌山而建，为南非议会大厦所在地〕
Cape Verde / kep `v3d; keip 'v3:d/ a country that consists of a
group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Population:436, 000(1995). Capital: Praia. 佛得角〔由大西洋中
一群岛屿组成的国家，位于塞内加尔以西。人口：436, 000(1995)，
首都：普拉亚〕
ca. pil. la. ry /kaepl ri; ke'pileri/ n a very fine hairlike tube, such
as one of the smaller blood tubes in the body 毛细管
capillary at·trac. tion /，. ·. . '. /n [U] tech the force which causes
a liquid to rise up a narrow tube, e. g. water rising from the
roots of a tree to the branches【术语】毛细管作用，毛细管引力
[摄吸]
*cap. i. tal' /'kaepetl; 'kaeptl/ n 1 [C] a town which is the centre
of government of a country or other political unit 首都；首府
省会：Paris is the capital of France. 巴黎是法国的首都。| What
is the capital of California?加利福尼亚州的首府是哪儿？| (fig
喻) Hollywood is the capital of the movie industry. 好莱坞是
电影业的中心。| Can you name all the state capitals?你能说
出所有州的首府吗？2[S;U] wealth, especially money used to
produce more wealth or for starting a business资本：资金：You
need a lot of capital to start up a new newspaper. 创办一家报
纸需要很多资金。| The company was started with a capital
of￡10, 000. 这家公司开办时的资本为一万英镑。| a successful
firm that offers investors a high return on capital 一家经营得
法、使投资者的资金获得高赢利额的商行 | They have a work-
ing capital (=money that can be used in the course of business
activity) of ￡20, 000. 他们有流动资金二万英镑。| What we need
now is a big injection of capital. 我们现在需要的是大量资金
的注入。- — see also 另见 VENTURE CAPITAL 3 [C] a letter in its
large form, especially one at the beginning of a word; a capital
letter 大写字母〔尤指词首字母)：The word DICTIONARY is
printed here in capitals. DICTIONARY 这个词在这里是用大
写字体印刷的。 — compare 比较 LOWER CASE; see also 另见
UPPER CASE 4 make capital (out) of to use to your advantage
利用··，从·中捞一把：The opposition parties are sure to make
political canital out of the governmen's difficulties, 各反对
党一定会利用政府的困难为自己捞取政治资本。
capital2 adj 1 [A] punishable by death 可处死刑的：Murder can
be a capital offence. 谋杀罪可以判处死刑。 — see also 另见
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 2 [A] (of a letter) written or printed in
its large form (such as A, B, C rather than a, b, c)〔字母〕大写体
的 — compare 比较 LOWER CASE 3 [A] of or concerning capital
in the form of money or property 资金的，资本的：a big programme
of capital investment to modernize the railways 一项使铁路
现代化的大规模投资方案4 old-fash excellent【过时】极好的：a
capital dinner 盛宴 | That's capital! 那好极了！ 5 . with a
capital. , trouble with a capital T, fast with a capital F etc
used with any word in order to emphasize that you are talking
about an extreme type of something, e. g. trouble, or that some-
thing is done in an extreme way 极其，非常〔可与任何词一起使
用，以强调所言之物的极限程度)：I was in trouble, big trouble
with a capital T. 我惹了麻烦，很大的麻烦。| A little exercise
is good for you, but it doesn't have to be exercise with a capital
E. Just get out and walk somewhere. 稍微运动运动对身体有
益，但不需要剧烈运动。出去走走就行了。| These new computer
chips are fast with a capital F. 这些新的电脑芯片速度极快
capital3 n the top part of a COLUMN(1)〔建筑上的)柱头
capital as·sets /，· '·/ n [P] the machines, buildings, and other
property belonging to a company资本资产，固定资产
capital ex·pen. di·ture /. . '·. /n [U] the buying of machinery
and other long lasting ASSETS which will be used in the pro. 
duction process of a company over a long period of time资本
支出，资本开支〔指购买公司生产过程中长期使用的机器等耐用资
产)
capital gains /，. . '/ n [P] profits made by selling possessions
资本收益[利得]〔出售固定资产所得的利益
capital gains tax /. . '. / n a tax paid on profits made by sell. 
ing possessions. For example, if someone buys a building, uses
it for business, then sells it again, they must pay capital gains
tax on the profit that they make from the sale. 资本收益税〔-
项对从出售资产获得的收益中课征的税金。例如，某人购买了房屋
作为商用，后又出售，他们必须为所获的利润缴纳税金〕
capital goods /'. / n [P] goods such as machines which are
made for the purpose of producing other goods资本货物，生产
资料〔指机器等用来制造其他商品的货物〕 — compare 比较 CON-
SUMER GOODS
capital-in. ten. sive /. . . '. / adj (of an industry) needing a lot
of CAPITAL'(2) compared with its other needs, such as workers
〔工业〕资本密集[集约]的；需大量资本投资的 — compare 比较
LABOUR-INTENSIVE
cap·i·tal·is. m /`kaepetl izem; 'kaeptl-izam/ n [U] a system of
production and trade based on the private ownership of wealth, 
free buying and selling, and little industrial activity by the gov-
ernment 资本主义 — compare 比较 COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM
cap·i·tal·ist' /`kaepetlist; 'kaep3tl-st/n often derog【常贬】1 a
person who supports capitalism 资本主义制度的拥护者 2 a per-
son who owns or controls much wealth (CAPITAL) and espe
cially who lends it to businesses, banks etc to produce more
wealth 资本家
capitalist2 also 又作 cap·i·tal·is·tic /kaepit`istik;, kaeptl'istik
-
adj 1 often derog owning or controlling a large amount of
wealth【常贬】资本家的；拥有或控制雄厚资产的；the capitalist
class 资产阶级 2 practising or supporting capitalism 资本主义
的：the capitalist countries of the West 西方资本主义国家| a
capitalist economy 资本主义经济 | the capitalist press
(=newspapers)资本主义报业
cap·i·tal·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`kaepetl aiz; 'kaeptl-aiz/v
[T] 1 to write with a CAPITAL2 (2) letter 把··大写 2 to supply
money to (a firm) to allow it to operate给〔公司〕提供资金
The bank has promised to capitalize our new business. 银行
答应为我们的新公司提供资金。| The company is seriously
under-capitalized. (=does not have enough capital to operate
effectively)这家公司的资金严重不足。3 [(at)] tech to calcu
late the value of (a business), based on the value of its shares
or its earnings【术语】〔根据一公司的股票价值或其收益〕核定（公
司)的资本--ization /kaepetle`zefen;kaeptlai'zeifan/ n [S:
U]:(a)capitalization of ￡50 million 资本总额为5000万英镑
capitalize on sthg. phr v [T] to use to your advantage 〔为自
己的利益而)利用：She capitalized on his mistake and won the
game. 她利用他的失误而赢了这场比赛。
capital lev·y /，. · '·/ n BrE a tax on private or industrial wealth
(CAPITAL) paid to the government, usually in addition to in-
come tax【英】资本税〔一般为在收入税之外根据资本额所课的税〕
capital pun. ish-ment /，. . '. / n [U] punishment by death ac-
cording to law; the death PENALTY 死刑
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Capital punishment was
used in the UK until 1965， and is still used in some states
in the US. Politicians in the US and the UK disagree about
whether capital punishment should be allowed. Some
people believe it is morally wrong to kill a criminal, no
matter what they have done. Others believe that capital
punishment is morally right if it is used for punishing
murderers. In the US, people who do not support the death
penalty often protest outside the prison where a criminal is
about to be killed. 在英国，死刑延用至1965年，但美国有些
州仍采用死刑。英美两国的政治家对此持不同观点。有人认
为不管他们做了些什么，处决罪犯在道义上是错的。也有人认
为死刑用来惩罚杀人犯在道义上是对的。在美国，反对采用死
刑的人常在即将处决一名犯人的监狱外举行抗议活动
Capital Ra·di·o /. · '·. / a radio station in London that mainly
broadcasts popular music, but also has news programmes and
information about events in London. It also has a separate sta
tion called 'Capital Gold', which plays older popular music
首都电台〔伦敦一广播电台，主要播送流行音乐，也有新闻节目以
及伦敦时事报道。它还另外设了一家叫作“首都金曲”的电台，播
放较早期的流行音乐〕
capital trans·fer tax /· '·/ n [C; U] (often cap, 常用大写)
BrE a tax paid when one received money as a gift or when
someone died. It was replaced by INHERITANCE TAX in 1986. 
0243
【英】资本转移税〔指对获得的礼金或遗产所课征的税金，1986年
被遗产继承税所取代
cap. i. ta. tion /kaepe`tefen;kaep'teifan/ n a tax paid or pay-
ment made at the same fixed amount for each person人头税
按人数均摊的费用
Cap. i. tol, the /kaepitl; 'kaeptal/ 1 the building in Washington
D. C. where the US CONGRESS meets〔位于华盛顿市的〕美国国
会大厦 2 the building that each US state has in its capital city
where government officers meet to discuss new laws and make
decisions for that state〔美国各州的〕州议会大厦
Cap. i. tol Hill / kaepit! `hil; kaeptal 'hil/ a name for the US CON. 
GRESS used especially in newspapers and news broadcasts国会山
(指美国国会，尤为报纸和新闻广播中所使用)：Arguments wors-
ened on Capitol Hill when the President refused to sign the
new bill. 总统拒绝签署新的议案, 国会山上的争吵愈演愈烈。
a Capitol Hill news conference 国会山[美国国会]记者招待会
ca. pit·u. late /ke`pitfe let; ke'pitfleit/ v[I(to)] 1 to accept de-
feat, usually on agreed conditions; SURRENDER〔有条件地)投
降 2 to accept or agree, often unwillingly; stop opposing 屈服
不再反对；停止抵抗：He finally capitulated and allowed his
daughter to go on holiday with her friends, 他最后勉强同意
让女儿同她的朋友一起去度假。--lation /ke, pitfe`lefen;ke·
pitf'leifan/ n [C;U]
Cap'n Crunch trademark a type of sweet breakfast CEREAI
which is popular especially with children in the US【商标】“嘎
吱”船长牌早餐甜麦片〔在美国尤受儿童喜爱〕
ca. pon /`kepan; 'keipen/ n a male chicken with its sex organs
removed to make it grow big and fat for eating〔供食用的)阉鸡
Ca. pone /ke`pon; ke'peun/, Al /ael; ael/ (1899-1947) one of the
most famous US GANGSTERS (=criminals who belong to a vio-
lent group). From 1925 to 1931 he was the leader of ORGAN-
IZED CRIME in Chicago, and all the main criminals worked for
him. Because he had a SCAR on his cheek he was sometimes
called Scarface. 卡彭〔(1899-1947)，美国最臭名昭著的匪徒之
一，1925年至1931年间为芝加哥犯罪集团头目，所有主要的罪犯
都为他效力。因为脸上有道疤痕，所以他有时被称为“疤瘌脸”〕
Ca·po. te /ke`poti; ke'peuti/, Tru·man (1924-1984) a US writer
best known for his short story Breakfast at Tiffany's, which
was made into a successful film, and for his book In Cold Blood
in which he describes a true crime involving two men who
murdered a whole family. 卡波特〔(1924-1984)，美国作家、以
被成功改编成影片的短篇小说《在蒂芬尼饭店进早餐》及描述两名
男子谋杀一家人的真实事件的作品《冷血》最为出名
cap. puc. ci. no /kapu`tfino;kaep'tfi:neu/ n [C; U] (a cupful
of) Italian coffee made with hot milk, and with chocolate pow-
der on top(一杯)意大利白咖啡（一种加热牛奶，上面撒有巧克力
粉的意大利式咖啡
Ca. pri /ke`pri; ke'pri:/ an island near the city of Naples in S
Italy, which is a popular place for tourists 卡普里岛〔位于意大
利南部那不勒斯市附近的一个岛屿，为旅游胜地〕
ca·price /ke`pris; ke'pri:s/ n 1 [C; U] (a) sudden often foolish
change of mind or behaviour, usually without any real cause
sudden wish to have or do something; WHIM任性；反复无常，
多变；异想天开：the caprices of spoilt children/(fig. 喻) of the
weather 娇生惯养儿童的反复无常；天气的变化莫测 2 [U] a ten-
dency to have caprices 反复无常的倾向
ca. pri-cious /ke`prifes; ke'prifes/ adj changing often, especially
suddenly and without good reason; not dependable; FICKLE 反
复无常的；善变的；任性的：He's so capricious. 他总是那样朝三
暮四的。| We can't go camping while the weather is so
capricious. 在天气这样变化莫测的时候, 我们不能去野营。-
~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
Cap. ri. corn /'kaepri korn; 'kaepriko:n/ n 1 [U] the tenth sign of
the ZODIAC, represented by a goat 摩羯宫，摩羯[山羊]座2[C
someone born between 23 December and 20 January 出生于山
羊座时段的人<即在12月23日至1月20日之间出生的人>— see
also 另见 ZODIAC (USAGE)
cap·si·cum /`kaepsikem; 'kaepsikem/ n [C; U] tech for【术语】=
PEPPER1(2)
cap. size /`kaepsaiz; kaep'saiz/ v [I; T] (especially of a boat) to
turn over （尤指船）倾覆：The boat capsized in the storm, but
luckily it didn't sink. 船在暴风雨中翻了，但幸未沉没。
cap. stan /`kaepsten; 'kaepsten/ n 1 a round drum-shaped ma
chine turned by hand or some other type of power in order to
wind up a rope that pulls or raises heavy objects, such as a
ship's ANCHOR 绞盘；起锚机 2 the bar that goes round and
round to drive the TAPE in a TAPE RECORDER〔录音机的〕主动
轮，旋转轴
cap·sule /`kaepsl; 'kaepsju:l/ n 1 an outer covering containing a
measured amount of medicine, the whole of which is swallowed
〔装入某一剂量药物以便吞服的〕胶囊2 the part of a spacecraft
in which the pilots live and work and from which the engine is
separated when the TAKEOFF is completed 〔太空船的〕密闭[密
封]舱〔太空人生活和工作的地方，能与火箭脱离的部分〕
*cap. tain'/kaeptin: 'kaeptn/ n1 a rank in the navy, army, or US
Air Force or Marines〔（陆军〕上尉；（空军〕（英）上校，（美）上尉
〔海军)上校 — see also 另见 GROUP CAPTAIN; see 参见 TABLE 3
2 the person in command of a ship or aircraft舰长；船长；机长
Are we ready to sail, Captain?船长，我们准备开船了吗？ — see
参见 FATHER (USAGE) 3 the leader of a team or group 队长；
组长：She's(the) captain of the school hockey team. 她是学校
曲棍球队的队长。|(fig. 喻) a captain of industry (e. g. the owner
of an important company)实业巨头〔如一家有影响力的公司的
所有人〕
captain2v [T] to be captain of; command; lead 担任·之长；指
挥：率领
Captain Cook — see 参见 Captain James COOK
Captain Hook /. '/ an evil PIRATE (=someone who sails on
the sea, attacking other ships and stealing from them) who has
a metal hook in place of one of his hands, and who is the en
emy of PETER PAN in the play and book Peter Pan by J. M. 
BARRIE铁钩船长〔J. M. 巴里创作的剧本《彼得·潘》中一只手为金
属钩的恶霸海盗，他是彼得·潘的敌人)
Captain Kan. ga. roo /，. . '/ a US television programme for
children which began in 1953 and continued into the 1960s
and 1970s. Captain Kangaroo was the main character, and the
other well-known character from the programme was Mr Green
Jeans. 《袋鼠船长》〔美国儿童电视节目，1953年启播，一直连续到
20世纪60、70年代，袋鼠船长是节目中的主人公，其他著名人物
还有格林·琼斯先生
cap. tion /'kaepfen; 'kaepfan/ n words printed above or below a
picture, newspaper article etc to say what it is about or give
further information〔图片、报刊文章等的〕题目，标题：说明文字：
The caption under the photo said \"The President greets the
Japanese delegation. ”照片下面的说明文字写着：“总统欢迎日
本代表团。
cap·tious /`kaepfes; 'kaepfes/ adj fml too ready to find fault;
too CRITICAL【正式】吹毛求疵的；过分挑剔的：a captious old
lady, difficult to please一位百般挑剔难以讨好的老太太 — ~ly
adv — ~ness n[U]
cap. ti·vate /kaepte vet: 'kaeptveit/ y [T] to charm, excite, and
attract 使着迷；吸引，迷住：The dancer quickly captivated her
audience. 这位舞蹈演员很快就把观众迷住了。| Venice's cap
tivating beauty 威尼斯的迷人景色 - -vation /，kaepte`vefen;
kaept'veifan/n [U]
cap. tive'/kaeptiv; 'kaeptiv/ adj 1 held as a prisoner, especially
in war 〔尤指在战争中)被俘虏的：We were held captive for three
months. 我们被拘押为俘虏达三个月。2 not allowed to move
about freely; imprisoned 不得自由行动的；被监禁的，被关押的：
captive animals 关在笼子里的动物 | a captive balloon(=one
tied to the ground by a rope)〔用绳系在地上的)系留气球 | As
we were travelling in his car, we were a captive audience
for his boring stories. 我们乘坐他的车子旅行，于是就成了不得
不听他讲那些乏味故事的听众了。
captive2n a person held as a prisoner, especially in war 战俘
俘虏
cap. tiv. i. ty /kaep`tiveti; kaep'tivti/ n [U] the state of being cap. 
tive 被俘（的状态），拘禁，囚禁；束缚：Many animals do not
breed well in captivity. 许多动物一被关入笼中就繁殖得不好。|
The hostages were released from captivity. 人质从囚禁中被
释放出来了。
cap. tor /`kaepte; 'kaepte'/ n usually fml a person who has cap-
tured someone or something【一般正式】捉拿者，捕捉者：I soon
escaped from my captors. 我不久就从捉我的人手中逃出来了。
cap. ture'keptfa; 'kaeptfe/v [T] 1 to take (a person or animal)
prisoner 捕获〔人或动物)，俘虏；逮捕：She was captured try-
ing to escape from the country. 她在试图逃出国门时被捕。
(fig. 喻) Their daring escape has captured the imagination of
the whole country. (=filled everyone with interest and admiration)
他们的大胆逃亡使全国为之惊叹。2 to take control of (something)
by force from an enemy; win; gain 〔用武力从敌人手中)夺取
赢得；获得：to capture a castle 夺取一座城堡 | (fig. 喻) They
captured over 60% of the votesla large share of the market. 
他们取得了60%以上的选票；他们夺得了很大一部分的市场。3to
preserve in an unchanging form on film, in words etc〔用胶卷、
文字等)把形象留存：I captured my baby daughter's first smile
on film. 我把我小女儿第一次笑的形象拍下来了。| In his book
he tried to capture (=describe) the beauty of Venice. 他力图
在书里记录下威尼斯的美。4 tech to put into a form that can be
used by a computer【术语】把··变换成可用于电脑的形式；记录；
0244
bumper
保险杠
headlight
车头灯，前灯
numberplate BrE/
license plate AmE
号码牌
the interior of a car 汽车内部
windscreen BrE/
windshield AmE
挡风玻璃
windscreen wiper BrE/
windshield wiper AmE
刮水器
glove compartment
杂物箱
接收；拍摄：The data is captured by means of an optical scan-
ner. 数据是用光学扫描器记录下来的。
capture2n 1 [U] the act of taking by force or of being taken by
force(被)掠夺，（被）夺取，（被）捕获：He was released yesterday, 
six months after his capture by the terrorists. 他被恐怖分子劫
走六个月之后，昨天放出来了。2[C] something that has been
taken, caught, or won by force捕获物；战利品
Cap·u·lets and Mon-ta·gues, the /kaepjulets end `manteguz;
, kaepjglets end 'montagju:z/ two families in the play ROMEO
AND JULIET by William SHAKESPEARE. The Capulets are Juliet's
family and the Montagues are Romeo's. The two families hate
each other, so Romeo and Juliet have to get married secretly. 
凯普莱特家族和蒙太古家族〔威廉·莎士比亚剧本《罗密欧与朱丽
叶》中的两大家族。朱丽叶属凯普莱特家族，罗密欧属蒙太古家族。
这两大家族互相仇视，因此，罗密欧和朱丽叶不得不秘密举行婚
礼)— see Feature on page B24参见B24页文化特写
car /kar; ka:/ n 1 also 又作 motorcar BrE fml【英，正式】‖
automobile AmE fml【美，正式】- a road vehicle with usually
245
car
car汽车
tax disc
door handle
rear window
boot BrE/
完税证牌
车门把手
后窗
trunk AmE
行李箱
windscreen BrE/ sunroof
rear light/
windshield AmE滑板
tailight
挡风玻璃
车尾灯，后灯
hubcap
wing mirror BrE/
轮毂盖
side mirror AmE
mudflap BrE/
侧镜
splash guard AmE
petrol cap BrE/
挡泥板
wing BrE/
aerial BrE/
gas tank door AmE
antenna AmE
fender AmE
翼子板
油箱门
天线
speedometer
车速计
petrol gauge BrE/
steering wheel方向盘
dashboard
gas gauge AmE
仪表板
horn
wing mirror BrE/
choke
汽油计量器
喇叭按键
side mirror AmE
风门
侧镜
indicator switch BrE/
用□
turn signal lever AmE
转向指示灯开关
lock锁
window winder BrE/
ignition点火装置
window roller AmE
accelerator BrE/
车窗升降摇柄
brake
gas pedal AmE
刹车踏板油门踏板
door handle车门把手
clutch
离合器踏板
arm rest 扶手
driver's seat
驾驶座位
seat belt座位安全带
four wheels which is driven by a motor and used as a means of
travel for a small number of people(小)汽车，轿车：She goes
to work by car. 她乘小汽车上班。| a car factory 汽车厂|You
can't park your car here. 你不能在此停放汽车。| a garage
that sells new and used cars 兼售新旧汽车的修车场 | a car
accident 车祸 2 (especially in comb. 尤用于复合词) a railway
carriage （火车）车厢：This train has a restaurant car/a sleep-
ing car. 这次列车挂有一节餐车[卧车]。3 any small vehicle in
which people or goods are carried, e. g. as part of a LIFT, 
BALLOON, AIRSHIP etc车辆，车；〔气球、飞艇等的〕吊舱；座舱；货
舱；〔电梯的〕升降室，机厢 — see also 另见 CABLE CAR, STREET-
CAR
□USAGE 用法说明 When you are in control of a car you
drive it, and when you direct its course you steer it. 表示
驾驶一辆汽车用 drive;表示操纵行车方向用 steer: She got
into the car and drove (it) home. (她坐进汽车里，向家开
0245
去。) | She steered (the car) carefully through the nar
row gap. (她小心翼翼地（把汽车）驶过狭隘的豁口。)Asa
passenger you travel by car, but travel or ride in a par-
ticular car. 一般乘汽车旅行用 travel by car, 但在指明搭乘
某辆汽车时则说 travel in 或 ride in。At the beginning of
your journey you get into it and at the end you get out of
it. 表示上车用 get into, 表示下车用 get out of。 — see also
另见 DRIVE (USAGE), STEER (USAGE), TRANSPORT
(USAGE)
Ca·rac·as /ke`rakes; ke'raekes/ the capital of Venezuela 加拉加
斯〔委内瑞拉首都〕
ca. rafe /ke`raef; ke'raef/ n (the amount contained in) a bottle
with a wide neck for serving wine or water at meals 〔餐桌上斟
水或酒的〕宽颈玻璃瓶，饮料瓶；一瓶之量
car a·larm /'/ n an apparatus that makes a loud warning
noise when somebody tries to break into a car 汽车防盗警报器
car·a·mel /`kaereml; 'kaeremal/ n 1 [U] burnt sugar used for
giving food a special taste and colour〔食品调味或着色用的)焦
糖 — see also 另见 CREME CARAMEL 2 [C; U] (a piece of)
sticky boiled sugar containing this and eaten as a sweet 〔含有
焦糖的〕糖果，糖块
car. a·pace /`kaere pes; 'kaerepeis/ n a protective hard shell on
the outside of certain animals, such as CRABS or TORTOISES
〔蟹或龟等的〕甲壳
car·at also 又作 karat AmE【美】/`kaeret; 'kaeret/ n 1 a division
on the scale of measurement for the purity of gold 开〔黄金的
纯度单位)：an 18-carat gold ring 18开的金戒指 2 a division
(equal to 200 MILLIGRAMS) on the scale of measurement for
the weight of jewels 克拉〔宝石重量单位，相等于200毫克〕
car·a·van /`kaere, vaen; 'kaerevaen/ n1 BrE【英】‖ trailer AmE
【美】- a vehicle which can be pulled by a car, which contains
cooking and sleeping equipment, and in which people live
(often on a caravan site BrE【英】| trailer park AmE【美】
or travel, usually for holidays〔带有食宿设备的)旅行拖车，（拖
车式)活动房屋 — compare 比较 CAMPER (2) 2 BrE【英】‖
wagon AmE【美】- a covered horse-drawn cart in which people
such as gipsies(GIPSY) live or travel〔吉卜赛人等居住或旅行用
的)有篷马车，大篷车 3 [+sing. /pl. v] (especially in former times
a group of people with vehicles or animals travelling together
for protection through unfriendly especially desert areas 〔旧时
带着牲口、车辆等穿过沙漠等危险地带的)旅行队：a caravan of
merchants 商队
car·a·van·ning /kaerevaenin; 'kaerevaenin/ n [U] BrE the prac-
tice of taking holidays in a caravan【英】乘旅行拖车外出度假
car·a·van·se. rai /kaere`vaense, rai;, kaere'vaenserai/n (in Asian
countries)a simple hotel with a large courtyard where CARA-
VANS (3) stop for the night 〔在亚洲国家，供旅行队过夜的、有停
车大院子的〕旅店，客栈
car. a. way /`kaere, we; 'kaerewei/ n a plant whose small strong. 
tasting seeds are used for giving a special taste to food 黄蒿
葛缕子，香旱芹〔其籽有特殊香味，用作调味料)：bread with cara-
way seeds in it 带有黄蒿籽的面包
car. bine /`karbain; 'ka:bain/ n a short light RIFLE (=kind of
gun)卡宾枪
car·bo. hy·drate /karbo`haidret;ka:beu'haidreit/ n1 [C: U]
tech any of several substances, such as sugar, which consist of
oxygen, HYDROGEN, and CARBON, and which provide the body
with heat and power(ENERGY)【术语】碳水化合物，糖类2[C
usually pl. 一般用复数] infml foods such as rice, PASTA, bread. 
and potatoes which contain carbohydrates. In the 1950s and
60s people worried about carbohydrates making them fat, but
now they are more concerned about milk fat, fat meat, and
sugar. 【非正式】含碳水化合物的食物〔指米饭、面食、面包、马铃
薯等食物。20世纪50、60年代，人们担心含碳水化合物的食物会
使人长胖，但现在他们更为担心的是乳脂、肥肉和糖〕
car-bol. ic /kar`balik; ka:'bolik/ adj coming from carbon, espe-
cially in the form of COAL TAR 煤焦油的；石碳酸的； carbolic
soap 石碳酸皂
car bomb /'/ n a bomb placed in a car, especially by
TERRORISTS 〔尤指恐怖分子放入汽车内的〕汽车炸弹：a car bomb
attack on an army barracks in Ulster 一宗针对阿尔斯特一座
军营进行的汽车炸弹袭击
car bomb·ing /'·/n [C; U] (a case of) the use of a car bomb. 
especially in attacks by TERRORISTS〔尤指恐怖分子制造的〕汽
车炸弹爆炸（事件）
car. bon /`karben; 'ka:ben/ n 1 [U] a simple substance
(ELEMENT) found in a pure form as diamonds, GRAPHITE etc
or in an impure form as coal, petrol etc 碳 2 [C; U] CARBON
PAPER 复写纸 3 [C] a CARBON COPY 复写本，副本
carbon 14 /karben for`tin; ka:ben fo:'ti:n/n [U] tech the spe-
cial form of carbon used in carbon dating【术语】碳14〔碳定年
法中使用的一种特殊形式的碳〕
car·bon·at·ed /karbonetid; 'ka:beneitd/ adj (especially of a
drink)containing CARBON DIOXIDE, which produces small
BUBBLES〔尤指饮料〕含二氧化碳的
carbon cop. y /，··/ n 1 also 又作 carbon - a copy, espe-
cially of something typed, made using CARBON PAPER 复写
本，副本 2 [(of)] a person or thing that is very similar to an-
other 非常相似的人 [物]：He's a carbon copy of his father. 他
和他父亲长得一模一样。| This robbery is a carbon copy of
one that took place last year. 这次抢劫和去年发生的一次很相似。
carbon dat·ing /，· '·/ BrE【英】‖radioactive dating AmE
【美】- n [U] a method of scientifically calculating the age of
an old object by measuring the amount of a special form of
carbon in it 碳年代测定法〔通过测定古物中特种的碳含量，借以
计算出其年代的方法〕
carbon di·ox·ide /，··'·/ n [U] the gas produced when animals
breathe out, when carbon is burned in air, or when animal or
vegetable matter decays. Carbon dioxide is a GREENHOUSE GAS. 
二氧化碳〔它是一种温室气体〕- — compare 比较 CARBON MO-
NOXIDE
car·bon·if·er·ous /karbe`niferes;ka:be'niferes/ adj produc-
ing or containing carbon or coal 碳质的，产碳的；产[含]煤的；
碳纪的：carboniferous rocks 石碳纪形成的岩石
car·bon·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`karben aiz; 'ka:benaiz/v
[I; T] to (cause to) change into carbon by burning without air
(使)碳化，（使）焦化
carbon mo·nox·ide /，·. '·/n [U] a poisonous gas produced
when carbon (especially petrol) burns in a small amount of
air. People are becoming worried about the amount of car-
bon monoxide being produced because it is a GREENHOUSE
GAS and too much of it will increase the temperature of the
Earth. 一氧化碳〔人们对一氧化碳的增多越来越担心，因为这是一
种温室气体，一氧化碳过多会造成地球气温上升〕 — compare 比
较CARBON DIOXIDE
carbon pa·per /'·/ also 又作 carbon - n [C; U] (a sheet of)
thin paper with a coat of dark colouring substance on one side. 
used between sheets of writing to make copies 复写纸
car. bon tet. ra. chlo. ride /karben tetre kloraid; ka:ben tetre-
'klo:raid/ n [U] a colourless liquid used for cleaning dirty marks
off clothes四氯化碳〔用于去除衣服上污迹的一种无色液体〕
car boot sale /. ·/ n BrE for【英】= BOOT SALE
car·boy /`karbor; 'ka:boi/ n a large often green glass, metal, or
plastic round bottle, often protected by a special covering, used
for holding usually dangerous chemical liquids 圆形大瓶，酸
瓶〔外有特殊保护层，多用来盛装危险化学溶液的圆形大玻璃瓶)
car·bun·cle /`karbankl: 'kg:bankal/n 1 a large painful BOIL
(=swelling under the skin)痈〔生于皮下组织的化脓性炎症)2 an
ugly addition to something. The word is sometimes used in
Britain to describe a new building in a modern style that spoils
the appearance of the older buildings around it (from a speech
by Prince Charles in which he described a planned new part of
the National Gallery as like a 'monstrous carbuncle'on the
face of an old friend). 丑陋的增加部分〔该词在英国有时用于指
破坏周围原来建筑风貌的现代风格的新大楼，语出查尔斯王子的一
次演讲，他说国家美术馆计划要新扩建的部分就像老朋友脸上的
个“难看的大痈”〕3 a red jewel, especially a GARNET 红宝石，
〔尤指〕石榴石
car·bu·ret·tor BrE【英】‖-retor AmE【美】/`karbe rete·;ka:bj-
'rete/ n an apparatus, especially used in car engines, for mix-
ing the necessary amounts of air and petrol to produce the ex-
plosive gas which burns in the engine to provide power〔尤指
用于汽车引擎内的〕汽化器，化油器
car·cass also 又作 -case BrE【英】/`kurkes; 'ka:kes/ n 1 the body
of a dead animal, especially one which is ready to be cut up as
meat 动物尸体〔尤指屠宰后用作肉食的牲畜躯体)2 the decay
ing remains of something, such as a car or a ship〔（废车船等的）
残骸，骨架：Divers have found the carcass of a wrecked ship
100 miles from the coast. 潜水员在离岸100英里处发现了一艘
失事船只的残骸。3 derog slang the body of a dead or living
person【贬，俚】死尸；〔人的〕躯体
car chase / kar tfes; ka: tfeis/ n an exciting series of scenes in
a film or television programme, showing characters in a car
chasing another car〔电影或电视节目中激烈的〕汽车追逐场面
car·cin·o·gen /kar`sined3en; ka:'sined3en/n med a carcino-
genic substance【医】致癌物质
car. cin. o. genic /，karseno`d3nik;ka:sine'd3enik/ adj mea
causing CANCER【医】致癌的：carcinogenic cleaning materi-
0246
als 致癌的清洁材料
card1 /kord; kg:d/ n 1 [C] also 又作 playing card fml【正式】-
any of a set of 52 small sheets of stiffened paper marked to
show their number and the class (SUIT) they belong to, and
used for various games _纸牌，扑克牌：The players were dealt
six cards each. 打牌的人每人发六张牌。| a pack of cards -
副牌 | a card table 打牌桌 | to shuffle the cards(=mix them
up)洗牌 — see also 另见 COURT CARD; see 参见 CARDS
(USAGE) 2 [C] (often in comb. 常用于复合词) a small sheet
of stiffened paper (or plastic), usually with information printed
on it and having various uses 卡片：a bank card 银行信用卡
a membership card 会员证 | Let me give you my business
card. 让我给你一张名片。 - — see also_另见 CASH CARD, CHARGE
CARD, CHEOUE CARD, CREDIT CARD, VISITING CARD 3 [C] a also
又作 greeting card a piece of stiffened paper usually with a
picture on the front and a message inside, sent to a person by
post on special occasions, such as on a birthday or at Christ-
mas 贺卡；慰问卡；请帖； a birthday card 生日贺卡 | I sent her
a get-well card when she was in hospital. 她住院时，我给她寄
去了一张慰问卡。b a POSTCARD 明信片 — see also 另见
CHRISTMAS CARD 4 [U] stiffened paper; cardboard 卡片纸；厚
纸片；（硬）纸板 5 [C] old-fash infml an entertaining and amus-
ing person; WAG【过时，非正式】逗人发笑的人，活宝：John's a
real card; he always makes me laugh, 约翰这人真是个活宝，
他总是逗得我哈哈大笑。6 [C] something, such as a very effec
tive argument or course of action, which gives you an advan
tage and which you keep (often secretly) until the right mo
ment 王牌，撒手锏，绝招，妙计：Things look bad for them, but
they still have a few cards up their sleeve. (=ready to be used)
情况看上去对他们不妙，但他们手上还掌握着几张王牌没有亮出
来。| Then she played her best/strongest/trump card and
threatened to resign. 于是她打出了最厉害的一张王牌——扬
言要辞职不干了。| The union can't win - the company holds
all the cards. 工会不可能取胜——因为公司掌握了所有的王牌
 — see also 另见 CARDS
card2n tech an instrument that is similar to a comb and is used
for combing, cleaning, and preparing wool, cotton etc for
spinning【术语】〔梳理送纺前羊毛、棉花等的〕梳毛[梳棉]机-
card v[I;T]
car-da·mom /`kardemem; 'ka:demem/ n [C; U] (one of) the
seeds of an Asian fruit, used for giving a special taste to food, 
especially in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking 小豆蔻〔一种
亚洲产果实的种子，用于调味，尤用于印度和中东的烹饪中〕
*card-board'/kard bord; 'ka: dbo:d/ n [U] a stiff usually brown-
ish or greyish material like thick paper, used for making boxes, 
the backs of books etc （硬）纸板，卡纸：a pad of paper with a
sheet of cardboard at the back 一本用硬纸板作衬底的便笺簿
*cardboard2 adi 1 made from cardboard 硬纸板制的：a card-
board box 硬纸板盒 2 derog unreal; unnatural【贬】不真实的；
不自然的；徒具虚名的：Her new book is full of cardboard
characters. 她那本新书里充满了胡编乱造的人物。 — compare 
比较WOODEN(2)
cardboard city /，· '·/ n an area where people with no homes
sleep on the streets, often using cardboard boxes to keep warm;
in Britain, used especially of an area in Waterloo, London纸
板区〔指城市中无家可归者露宿街头，常用纸板箱御寒的一个区域：
在英国，尤指伦敦滑铁卢的一个地区)：A bid to stop homeless
kids ending up in London's cardboard cities will be launchea
this week, 力求消除无家可归儿童流落伦敦纸板区现象的活动将
于本周发起
card-car. ry·ing /'·/ adj [A] being a full member of an
organization, especially a political one 具有（政党等组织）正式
成员身份的：a card-carrying member of the Labour party 工
党的一名正式党员
card cat·a·log /'，·/ — see 参见 CARD INDEX
card-hold. er /`kard holde; 'ka:d, heulde/ n a person who has
the use of a card, especially a CREDIT CARD〔尤指信用卡的〕持
卡人：Cardholders are advised to note down their PIN num-
ber and keep it in a safe place. 建议持卡人记下密码，并将它放
在一个安全的地方，
cardi- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
car-di·ac /`kardi, aek; 'ka:di-aek/ adj [A] med connected with
the heart or with heart disease【医】心脏的；心脏病的：cardiac
disease心脏病 | cardiac failure/arrest (=-stopping of the hear)
心力衰竭；心动停止
Car-diff /'kardif; 'ka:dif/ the capital and main port of Wales
Cardiff is an industrial city which also has a castle, cathedral, 
university, and an important RUGBY ground, Cardiff Arms
Park. 加的夫〔威尔士首府和主要港口，为工业城市，建有一座城
堡、一座教堂、一所大学和一家重要的加的夫阿姆斯橄榄球场〕-
see colour map on page Al参见A1页彩色地图
car. di. gan /`kardigen; 'ka:digen/ n a short knitted (KNIT)
woollen coat with SLEEVEs, usually fastened at the front with
buttons〔胸前开扣的〕毛线衣，〔开襟〕羊毛衫 — compare 比较
SWEATER
Car. din /kar`daen; 'ka:daen/, Pierre /pi`er; pi'ee/(1922-)a
French fashion designer known especially for designing clothes
for men卡丹〔(1922-)，法国时装设计师，尤以设计男装著称)
car·di·nal' /`kardnel; 'ka:danel/ n 1 a priest with one of the
highest ranks of the Roman Catholic Church红衣主教，枢机主
教〔罗马天主教会枢机团的成员〕2 a N American bird(FINCH)
of which the male is bright red in colour 红衣凤头鸟，北美红雀
cardinal2adj fml most important; chief【正式】最重要的，主要
的； a cardinal error/sin 重大的失误； 主罪 | This is one of the
cardinal rules of mountain climbing. 这是登山运动的主要规
则之一
cardinal3 also 又作 cardinal number - n any of the numbers
1. 2, 3 etc that show quantity rather than order 基数<如 1, 2， 3
等；有别于序数> — compare 比较 ORDINAL2
cardinal point /，· '·/ n COMPASS POINT〔罗盘上的〕基本方位
cardinal sin /. . / n (in the Christian religion) one of the seven
deadly SINs; pride, LUST, ENVY, anger, COVETOUSNESS, 
GLUTTONY, and SLOTH〔基督教中的〕七大罪之一〔七大罪是指骄
傲、淫邪、嫉妒、愤怒、贪婪、贪食、懒惰〕
cardinal vir. tue /. ·'·/n a quality in a person that is highly
respected and valued, especially PRUDENCE, JUSTICE
TEMPERANCE, and FORTITUDE大德，基本道德〔尤指审慎、公正、
节制和坚毅
card in·dex /' ，·/ BrE【英】‖ card catalog AmE【美】— n (a
box containing) a number of cards each carrying a particular
piece of information and arranged in order, as in a library(图
书馆等内的〕卡片索引[目录]（盒）
car. di·ol·o. gy /，kardi`aled3i;ka:di'pled3i/ n [U] the study or
science of the heart 心脏病学
car. di·o. pul. mo. na. ry re. sus. ci. ta. tion /，kardiopulmenEr
ri, svsi`tefen;ka:dieupulmenari ri, svs'teifan/ — see 参见 CPR
card phone /'/ n BrE a public telephone which you can use
only when you put in a special plastic card called a PHONECARD
【英】〔插入电话卡后方可使用的〕卡式公用电话
card·punch /`kard, pvntf; 'ka:dpantf/ BrE【英】‖ keypunch
AmE【美】— n a machine that puts information onto cards in
such a way that computers can read and understand it, used
especially formerly〔尤指过去的〕卡片打孔机，打卡机〔在卡片上
穿孔将信息记录下来以便电子电脑识读的一种机器〕
cards 扑克牌
heart
club
diamond
spade
红桃，红心
梅花
方块
黑桃
cards /kardz; ka:dz/ n [P] 1 games played with CARDS (1)； card
playing （扑克）牌戏，纸牌 （游戏） ：Let's play cards/have a game
of cards. 我们来玩牌 [打牌] 吧。] He always cheats at cards
他玩牌的时候总是作弊。2 get/be given your cards BrE infm
to be dismissed from your job【英，非正式】被免职，被解雇 3 lay
put your cards on the table to be completely open and honest
about your position, plans etc 摊牌；公开计划[立场等] 4 on
the cards BrE【英】‖ in the cards AmE【美】- infml probable
【非正式】很可能的：They say another price increase is on the
cards. 据说物价很可能再次上涨。| It's on the cards that she'll
be offered the job. 她很有可能获得那项工作。5 play/hold your
cards close to your chest to keep your actions or intentions
secret 守口如瓶，秘而不宣 — see also 另见 HOUSE OF CARDS
play your cards right/properly (PLAY)
□USAGE 用法说明 The cards used in card games come
in two red suits, hearts and diamonds; and two black ones
clubs and spades. Each suit has nine cards numbered two
to ten, and also an ace, a king, a queen, and a jack or
knave. 用于（扑克）牌戏中的纸牌有两组红花色，即红桃和方
块，还有两组黑花色，即梅花和黑桃。每组花色有2至10点的
牌9张，另有幺点[A]、老K、王后[Q]、和杰克[J]各一张。
We say 通常称作 the king of hearts （红桃K) | the jack
of clubs （梅花J) | the queen of diamonds （方块Q) | the
ace of spades （黑桃 A) | the ten of hearts （红桃 10）
0247
card-sharp /`kard farp; 'ka:dfa:p/ also 又作 card-shar·per
·/ - n a person who plays cards dishonestly to make money
靠诈术玩纸牌赢钱的人
card ta-ble /'. /n a square table used for playing card games. 
which can be folded and stored when not used. In the US. chil-
dren often have to sit at card tables when large families eat a
special meal together, e. g. at Thanksgiving or Christmas, be
cause there is not enough space at the regular table. 牌桌〔供玩
牌用的方桌，不用时可折叠存放。在美国，像在感恩节、圣诞节等
特别日子里，大家庭聚餐时，因普通的桌子不够用，小孩子常常不
得不坐在牌桌上吃〕
card vote /'/ n BrE a vote at a TRADE UNION meeting in which
each representative's vote counts as a vote by all the people
represented【英】凭卡投票法〔指工会大会上的一种投票方法，每位
代表所投的票的作用相当于他代表的所有人投的票〕
care1/ker; kee/ n 1 [U] the process of looking after and giving
attention to someone who needs it, such as a sick or old person
照料，照顾，看护：关怀：Our health service provides high stan
dards of medical care. 我们的卫生部门提供高水准的医疗服
务。| These disabled children need special care. 这些残疾儿
童需要特殊照料。| After the accident he was rushed to the
hospital's intensive care unit. 事故发生后，他被火速送往医院
的特别护理病房。| The article offers advice on skin and hair
care. 那篇文章教人如何保养皮肤和头发。 — see also 另见 COM-
MUNITY CARE, DAY CARE 2 [U] the responsibility for protect. 
ing or looking after someone, dealing with a problem or diffi-
culty etc; charge; SUPERVISION〔规定的〕责任：保护，保管，照管
监督；管理：Who will take care of the dog while we're away?
我们外出时，谁来负责照看这狗呢？|(BrE英)The little boy's
parents couldn't look after him, so he's been taken into care
=into a home run by the government or local council)这小男
孩的父母无法照料他，所以他被送进了收养所。| Don't worry
about your flight reservation - it's all been taken care of. 不
要为预定机票费神了——一切都有人帮你办理了。3[C;U](some
thing that causes) worry, sorrow or uncertainty; anxiety 焦急、
忧虑；烦恼；引起忧虑的事，令人烦恼的事：free from care 无忧
无虑（的）| all the cares of the world (=very many worries)
没个完的忧虑 | She hasn't a care in the world. (=she has no
worries at all)她没有一点儿心烦的事。4 [U] serious attention
and effort 关切；努力，用心：Try to do your work with a bit
more care. 你工作要更加认真一点。5 [U] carefulness in avoid-
ing harm, damage etc; CAUTION 小心，留意，谨慎：Cross the
road with care, 过马路要当心。| Take care (=be careful) not
to drop the glass. 小心别失手打碎玻璃杯。| He was charged
with driving without due care and attention. 他被指控开车
时粗心大意。6 [C] especially fml a person or thing for which
one is responsible; obiect of one's special attention【尤正式】
负责照管的人[事物]；特别关注的对象 7 care of also 又作 c/o -
(used when addressing letters to mean) at the address of由. . 
转交〔信封上用语)：John Smith, care of Mary Jones, 14 High
Street 高街 14号, 玛丽·琼斯转交约翰·史密斯收 8 Have a care!
old-fash Be more careful!【过时】当心点！ — see 参见 CARE2
(USAGE)9 Take care! (used as a way of saying goodbye. 
especially to family and friends)保重！[尤用于向家人或朋友道
别
care2v [not in progressive forms 不用进行式] 1[I (about):
T+wh-; b] to be worried, anxious, or concerned (about); mind
操心，焦虑，忧虑；（对··）关心，介意，在乎：When his dog died
Allan didn't seem to care at all. 艾伦对自己的狗死去这件事似
乎毫不在乎。| The only thing he cares about is money. 他惟
一关心的只是金钱。| I really care whether we win or lose. 我
对我们比赛的输赢是很当作一回事的。|As if I cared whether
he comes or not! (=it doesn't matter to me at all)他来不来我
才不在乎呢！| I couldn't care less what you think! 你怎么想
的，关我什么事！| We could be starving for all they care. 
=they don't care at all)我们即使在挨饿，他们也不在乎。- se
also 另见 CARING 2 [T+to-v; obj] (especially in polite suggestions]
to like; want 〔尤用于礼貌性的话〕愿意，喜欢，想：Would you care
to wait here, sir, until the manager can see you?先生，经理过
会儿才能见客，您能在这里稍候片刻吗？
USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 care (about), care
for and 和 take care of. 1 To care about something is to
think it is important. to care about sthg. 的意思是认为某
事物颇重要：She doesn't care about money, (她不看重金
钱。) | I don't care (about) what people think. （别人怎么
想我不在乎。)2 To care for means ‘to like' in negative
sentences and questions. to care for 意为“喜欢”，用于否
定句和疑问句中：I don't really care for red wine. （我其实
并不喜欢红葡萄酒。) It also means (rather literary)'to look
after'. 它的另一意思为“照料”〔较文雅的用法)：Who will
care for me when I am old? （我老了谁来照顾我？） 3 To take
care of means ‘to look after'. to take care of 意为“照料”
We will take care of you when you are old. （你年纪大了
我们来照料你。) | She asked her secretary to take care of
the travel arrangements. (她要她的秘书负责料理旅行的事
宜。)
care for sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to nurse or attend (especially
someone old or sick); look after 看护，照料〔尤指老人、病人〕
She cared for her father in his dying years. 她在父亲临终前缠
绵病榻的那几年一直看护着他。| I am glad to see that you
are being well cared for. 看到你得到很好的照料，我非常高兴。
2 [usually in questions and negatives 一般用于疑问句和否定
句] to like 喜欢，想要：I don't really care for tea; I like coffee
better. 我并不怎么喜欢喝茶，我更喜欢喝咖啡。|Would you
care for (=do you want to have) a drink?你想喝点什么吗？
CARE /ker; kee'/ abbrey, for 缩写= Cooperative for American
Relief to Everywhere; a US organization that sends special
boxes of food, clothing, and medicine called'CARE packages
to anywhere in the world where they are needed. 美国援外合作
署〔美国一组织，它向世界各地需要援助的地方送去装有食物、衣
服和药品的特殊盒子，称“爱心包裹”
ca. reen /ke`rin; ke'ri:n/ v [I+adv/prep] especially AmE to go
forward rapidly while making sudden movements from side to
side; LURCH【尤美】左右摇晃地行驶：As the bus careened down
the hill, the passengers were thrown roughly from side to
side. 当公共汽车摇晃着从小山坡上疾驶而下时，乘客被颠得东倒
西歪。 — compare 比较 CAREER3
ca. reer/ke`rir; ke'rie/ n 1 a job or profession for which you
are trained and which you intend to follow for part or the whole
of your life〔需要特别训练的并终生或长期从事的〕职业；一生的
事业：a career in nursing 护士职业 | a change of career 变换
职业 | He's very career-minded. (=keen to do well in his job)
他有很强的职业进取心。2(a part of) the general course of a
person's working life 生涯；（一段）工作经历，履历：She spent
most of her career working in Edinburgh. 她工作经历中的大
部分时间都是在爱丁堡度过的。| her outstanding political ca-
reer 她光辉的政治生涯 — see 参见 JOB(USAGE)
career2 adj [A] professional; regarding your job as a career for
a long period 职业（性） 的，专业的：He's a career soldier/diplomat, 
it's the only job he's ever done. 他是个职业军人 [外交家], 从
没做过别的工作。
career3v [I+adv/prep] to go at full speed; rush wildly 猛冲，飞
奔，疾驰：The car careered uncontrollably down the hill and
into a tree. 车子失去控制飞速驶下山坡，一头撞到一棵树上。-
compare 比较 CAREEN
career break /'/ n a period in which a person decides to
leave their job for a while, usually in order to do something
else, but with the intention of going back to work again. Many
women decide to take a career break when they have children. 
职业中断〔指一个人在一段时间里暂时把工作辞掉。他们这么做通
常是为了去干别的事情，不过还是打算今后继续工作。许多妇女在
生孩子的时候都决定暂时不工作〕
ca. reer. ist /ke`ririst; ke'riarst/ n usually derog someone who
puts success in their profession before all other things, such as
friends or family, and may be willing to act unfairly to gain
advancement【一般贬】名利心特别重的人，野心家，妄想发迹者
- -ism n[U]
careers ad·vice /·' ·，/ also 又作 careers guid·ance /·'··，·/ -
n [U] in Britain, help and information given, usually by a spe-
cially trained person, to help people decide what job they want
to do and how they can achieve it. This help is usually given at
school or at a careers office and is free. 就业指导〔在英国，指由
一位通常是受过专门训练的人所给予的帮助和所提供的信息，以指
导人们选择就业方向，确定实现自己目标的方法。这一类帮助通常
由学校或就业指导处免费提供
careers ad·vi·sor /·'·，·/ also 又作 careers offic·er /·'·，·/-
n in Britain, a specially trained person whose job is to help
other people decide what job they want to do and to give help
and information about education, TRAINING, and careers 就业
指导人员〔指在英国受过专门训练的人，其职责是指导他人选择职
业并在教育、培训和就业等方面给予他们帮助，为他们提供信息)
careers office /. '. ·/n in Britain, a place where people can go
for help and advice about education, TRAINING, and careers
The careers office does not have information about particular
jobs which are available, only general information about what
you should do if you want to be a doctor, secretary, teacher
0248
etc. Most towns have a careers office which provides a free
service, mainly for young people who have just left school. 就
业指导处〔指在英国人们可以在教育、培训和就业方面寻求帮助和
指导的地方。就业指导处不提供具体就业情报，只会告诉你如果想
成为一名医生、秘书、教师等该做些什么。大多数城镇都设有就业
指导处，主要为刚离开学校的年轻人提供免费服务〕 — see also另
见JOB CENTRE
career struc. ture /. '，. / n the organization of a career or pro-
fession in such a way that a person starting in it can in future
expect to have opportunities to do more difficult work, take
more responsibility, and earn more money职业结构〔指某一职
业的从业人员在将来有望从事更艰巨的工作、承担更大责任以及挣
更多钱的职业组织方式)：The company offers a good career
structure with the possibility of rapid promotion. 那家公司提
供良好的职业结构，有望快速晋升。
care. free /'ker fri; 'keefri:/ adj free from anxiety; having no
worries or problems 无忧无虑的，快乐舒畅的：After finishing
our exams we all felt happy and carefree. 考完试后，我们都感
到轻松愉快
*care. ful /'kerfel; 'keefal/ adj 1 [(with)] taking care (with the
intention of avoiding loss or danger); CAUTIOUS 小心的，谨慎
的； a careful driver 谨慎的司机 | You should be more careful
with your money. 你花钱要慎重一些。| [+v-ing] Be careful
crossing the road. (=when you cross the road)过马路要当心。
+to-v] I was careful not to say anything about this to the
boss. 我十分谨慎，关于这件事，我对上司只字未提。|[+(that)]
Be careful (that) you don't fall off the ladder. 小心点，别从梯
子上摔下来。| [+wh-] Be careful how you carry those glasses
你拿那些玻璃杯要当心些。2 showing attention to details; thor-
ough 细心的：周密的； a careful worker 细心的工人 | After
careful consideration, we've decided to accept their offer. 经
过周密的考虑，我们决定接受他们的提议。 — ~ly adv: Hold this
glass carefully; I don't want it broken. 小心地拿着这个玻璃
杯，我不想让它打碎。| a carefully planned operation 一项精
心设计的行动方案 — ~ness [U]
care giv. er /'/n [C] AmE someone who takes care of a child
or a sick person【美】照料小孩或病人的人
care la. bel /'. / n a small piece of cloth with cleaning instruc-
tions on it sewn inside a piece of clothing〔缝在衣服内的〕洗涤
标签
*care. less /'kerlis: 'keeles/ adi 1 not taking enough care; inat
tentive 不小心的，粗心的； 疏忽的：He's a very careless driver, 
he never thinks about what he's doing. 他是个粗心大意的司
机，他从不想一想他在干什么。| It was very careless of you to
lose the documents. 你居然把文件弄丢了，实在太大意啦。2 done
without care 草率的，敷衍的：This is careless work. Do it again!
这工作干得太马虎了，重做吧！3 free from care or worry;UN-
CONCERNED 无忧无虑的：满不在乎的：She's very careless with
money. (=she spends too much)她花起钱来大手大脚。| a care
less attitude 一副满不在乎的样子 | (fig. 喻) careless charm
(=natural charm)天生的[毫不矫饰的] 迷人风采 — ~ly adv -
~ness n [U]
care pack·age /'. / n AmE a package sent by a friend or fam. 
ily member to someone who is living away from home, typi-
cally because they are at university or living abroad, which
contains food and other things that they miss and cannot get
where they are【美】爱心包裹〔由朋友或家人寄给一般因上大学或
出国而远离家乡者的包裹，里面装有他们思念的、但在当地无法买
到的食物或其他物品〕 — see also 另见 CARE
car. er /'kera; 'keare/ n especially BrE someone who stays at
home and looks after a person who is old or ill【尤英】〔在家对
老人或病人的〕照料者
ca·ress /ke`ras; ke'res/ n a light loving touch or kiss 爱抚；抚
摸；亲吻
caress2y [T] to give a caress to 爱抚，抚摸：She caressed his
cheek lovingly, 她深情地抚摸着他的面颊。| (fig. 喻) a pictur-
esque fishing village, caressed by gentle breezes 微风轻拂下
景色如画的渔村
car. et /`kaeret; 'kaert/ n tech the mark a or used in writing
and printing to show where something is to be added【术语】脱
字号，补字符号<A>
care·tak·er /^`ker, teke·; 'kee, teike/n 1 also 又作 janitor espe
cially AmE & ScotE【尤美及苏格兰】- a person employed to
look after a school or other usually large public building and
to be responsible for small repairs, cleaning etc〔学校、大楼等
兼管打扫卫生和修补等工作的〕看管者，管理员2 a person who
looks after a house or land when the owner is absent 看管〔房
地产的)人 3 especially AmE a person who provides care, such
as a parent, teacher, or nurse【尤美】照看人，保护人，监护人<如
父母、老师或护士等>
caretaker gov·ern·ment /'. ，. ·/n a government which holds
office for a usually short period between the end of one goy-
ernment and the appointment of a new government〔旧政府已
下台、新政府产生前的〕看守政府[内阁]
care·worn /`ker, worn; 'keewo:n/ adj showing the effects of
grief, worry, or anxiety 饱经忧患的，因操心而憔悴的：the care-
worn face of the mother of a large poor family 一个贫困大家
庭的母亲那饱经忧患的面容
Ca. rey /keri; 'keari/, George (1935-)a British priest who
became ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY (=the leader of the
Church of England) in 1991凯里〔(1935- )，英国牧师，1991
年成为坎特伯雷大主教
Carey, Ma. ri·ah /me`raie; me'raie/(1970-)a US singer, known
for her powerful voice. who became very popular in the 1990s. 
Her ALBUMS include Mariah Carey and Butterfly. 玛丽亚·凯
莉〔(1970-)，美国歌手，以其洪亮的嗓音而闻名，20世纪90年代
非常受欢迎。她的专辑包括《玛丽亚·凯莉》和《蝴蝶》)
car-fare /`karfer; 'ka:fee'/ n [U] AmE the money (FARE) that a
passenger is charged for travelling in a bus, taxi etc, within a
town or city【美】〔市内公共汽车、出租车等的〕车费：How much
is the carfare to get downtown?到市中心的车费是多少？
car. go /kargo; 'ka:geu/ n -goes or -gos [C; U] (one load of)
the goods (FREIGHT) carried by a ship, plane, or vehicle 〔由船、
飞机、车辆装载的)（一批）货物：We sailed from Newcastle with
a cargo of coal. 我们满载一船煤从纽卡斯尔启航。| cargo ves
sel/plane货船;货运飞机
car-hop /karhap; 'ka:hop/ n a person who served customers at
a DRIVE-IN restaurant in the US in the 1950s. Carhops often
had to wear ROLLER SKATES and were usually attractive young
women. 〔美国20世纪50年代〕“免下车”餐馆[路边汽车餐厅]的
侍者〔她们常穿旱冰鞋，一般为迷人的年轻女性〕
Car. ib. be. an /kaere`bien; kaer'bi:en/ adj relating to or com-
ing from the Caribbean Sea or the islands in this sea 加勒比海
的；加勒比海诸岛的
Caribbean, the the islands in the Caribbean Sea and the area
around this sea. The Caribbean is a popular place for tourists
to visit. 加勒比地区〔指加勒比海各岛屿及加勒比海附近地区，为
旅游胜地〕
Caribbean Sea, the /. · / also 又作 the Caribbean the sea
between Central America, South America, and the Caribbean
islands, west of the Atlantic Ocean 加勒比海〔中美洲、南美洲、
加勒比诸岛之间的海域，位于大西洋西面〕
car. i. bou /`kaere bu; 'kaerbu:/ n -bous or -bou a N American
REINDEER 北美驯鹿
caricature 漫画
portrait 肖像
caricature 漫画
car. i. ca. ture'/kaeriketfo; 'kaeriketfue/ n [C; U] (the art of
making)a representation of someone, especially in a drawing
or painting or in literature, by which parts of their character or
appearance are made more noticeable, odd, or amusing than
they really are〔人物〕漫画；讽刺画[文]；漫画手法：Newspapers
often contain caricatures of well-known politicians, 报纸经
常登载知名政界人士的漫画。| a master of caricature 漫画大
师| (fig. , derog 喻，贬) It was a caricature of a trial. (=a
very unjust trial)这是一次荒唐不公的审判
caricature2v[T] to represent in caricature 把·画成漫画，用漫
画表现[讽刺]，使滑稽化 - -turist n
car-ies /'keriz; 'keariz/ n [U] med decay of the bones and espe-
cially teeth【医】骨疡，骨疽；〔尤指〕龋齿：dental caries 蛀牙
car·ill. on /`kaere lan; 'kaerljen/n(a tune played on) a set of
bells, often in a tower, sounded by hammers controlled from a
row of keys as on a piano KEYBOARD. Carillons are common
in churches and public buildings in Belgium and Holland. 〔钟
楼上可用键盘弹奏的〕组钟（乐曲），排钟〔在比利时和荷兰的教堂
及公共大楼里很常见〕
car·ing /kerin; 'kearin/ adj providing care and support, espe-
cially to people who need to be looked after 关心照顾人的；（尤
0249
指为老弱贫病者〕提供帮助的：the caring professions, such as
nursing and social work 关心照顾人的职业，诸如医护和社会
工作 | Is the government seen by the voters as a caring
government?该政府在选民心目中是一个照顾国民的政府吗?
car·jack·ing /`kar d3aekin; 'ko:, d3aekin/ n [U, C] AmE an act
of stealing a car by using force or violence towards the driver
劫车：There have been three carjackings in the city this week
这星期本市已发生了三宗劫车案件。| Legislators have been
urged to make carjacking a separate crime. 已敦促立法者将
劫车专门立罪
Car-ling /karlin; 'ka: lin/, Will (1965-)a British RUGBY UNION
player, who was CAPTAIN of the English national team in the
early 1990s. Some newspapers claimed that he had a relation-
ship with DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES. 卡林〔(1965-)，英国联
合会橄榄球运动员，20世纪90年代早期任英国国家队队长。有些
报纸声称他与威尔士王妃戴安娜有染〕
Carling Black La. bel /，. . '. / trademark a type of LAGER
(=light-coloured beer) sold in the UK, known especially for its
numorous advertisements in which a character says 'I bet he
drinks Carling Black Label'when another character does some-
thing very difficult or unusual【商标】卡灵黑牌啤酒〔在英国出
售的一种淡啤酒，尤以其幽默的广告著称，广告中当一个人做出高
难度或不寻常的事时，另一个人就会说：“我敢打赌他是喝卡灵黑牌
啤酒的”〕
Car. lisle /kar`lail; ka:'lail/ a city in NW England, where the
local government for Cumbria is based 卡莱尔〔位于英格兰西
北部一城市，为坎布里亚郡地方政府所在地)
Carlsberg /`karlzb3g: 'ka:lzb3:g/ trademark a type of LAGER
(=light-coloured beer) popular in the UK, and known espe-
cially for being advertised as being 'probably the best lager ir
the world'. People sometimes use these words humorously
changing them slightly, when they are talking about other
subjects. 【商标】“嘉士伯”啤酒〔英国的一种淡啤酒，尤以广告中称
为“可能是世界上最好的淡啤酒”而著称，人们有时在谈论其他事
情时幽默地将这句话稍作改动使用〕
Carl-ton /karlten: 'ka:lten/ trademark a British television com-
pany which is known for making popular programmes for ITV
【商标】卡尔顿公司〔一家英国电视公司，以为英国独立电视公司制
作广受欢迎的节目而著称)
Carlton, Steve (1944-) a US BASEBALL player who was a
famous PITCHER for the Philadelphia Phillies team in the 1970s
and 1980s, and is known for achieving more than 4000
STRIKEOUTS卡尔顿〔(1944-)，美国棒球运动员，20世纪70、80
年代费城人队的著名投手，以投出4000多次让对方队员三击未中
出局的好球而闻名〕
Carlton Club /'. / a GENTLEMAN'S CLUB in central London
Many of its members belong to the British CONSERVATIVE
PARTY. 卡尔顿俱乐部〔位于伦敦市中心的一家男士俱乐部，许多
会员属英国保守党〕
Car-lyle /kar`lail; ka:'lail/, Thom. as /`tames; 'tomes/ (1795
1881) a Scottish writer on political and social subjects, who
wrote a famous history of the FRENCH REVOLUTION 卡莱尔
〔(1795-1881)，苏格兰政治题材和社会题材作家，著有一本有关
法国大革命的著名历史书)
Car-men /`karmen: 'ka:men/ an OPERA written in 1875 by the
French COMPOSER Georges Bizet, about a Spanish GYPSY
woman called Carmen《卡门》〔法国作曲家乔治·比才于1875年
创作的一部歌剧，讲述了一位名叫卡门的西班牙吉普赛女子的故
事〕
Car·mi·chael /`kgr`maikl: 'ka:'maikal/, Stoke·ly /`stokli:
'steukli/(1941-1998)a former member of the BLACK PANTHERS
who worked actively in the 1960s to achieve social and politi. 
cal changes for black people in the US. He invented the phrase
‘BLACK POWER’, 卡迈克尔〔(1941-1998)，黑豹党前成员，20世
纪60年代曾为美国黑人实现社会地位和政治地位的改变，他提出
了“黑人权力”这一说法〕
car·mine /`karmin; 'ka:mn/ adj deep purplish red 紫红色的
洋红色的，胭脂红的- carmine n
Car. na. by Street /karnebi strit; 'ka:nebi, stri:t/ a street in
London, world famous in the 1960s for its shops selling fash-
ionable clothes for young people卡纳比街〔位于伦敦，20世纪
60年代以销售年轻人时装的小店而闻名世界〕
car·nage /karnid3; 'ka:nid3/ n [U] the killing and wounding
of large numbers of people or animals; SLAUGHTER〔对人或动
物的)大屠杀，残杀：The battlefield was a scene of terrible
carnage. 战场上是一片可怕的大屠杀景象
car·nal /`karnl; 'ka:nl/ adj [A] fml, usually derog concerning
sexual desires【正式，一般贬】性欲的：carnal desires/pleasures
肉欲：淫乐
car·na·tion /kar`nefen; ka:'neifan/ n (a small garden plant with)
a sweet-smelling white, pink, or red flower, often sold in flower
shops. It is usual for the men taking part in an English wed-
ding and the close members of the two families to wear a single
carnation pinned to their jackets or dresses, 麝香石竹（花）、康
乃馨（花）〔常在花店出售。在英国人的婚礼上，男宾以及男女双方
亲人一般在上装或礼服上别一朵康乃馨〕
car·ne /`karni; 'ka:ni/ n — see 参见 CHILLI(3)
Car·ne·gie /kar`negi: ka:'neigi/, An. drew (1835-1919) a
US businessman and PHILANTHROPIST, born in Scotland, who
started a company that produced iron and steel, became very
rich, and gave most of his money away. His money helped to
start many public libraries in the US, and he also provided
most of the money for building CARNEGIE HALL. 卡内基
〔(1835-1919)，美国实业家和慈善家，出生于苏格兰，曾创办钢
铁公司致富，但他捐赠掉大部分钱款。他捐赠的钱用来在美国建
立多家图书馆。他还提供了修建卡内基音乐厅所需的大部分资
金〕
Car-ne-gie, Dale (1888-1955) the US writer of How To Win
Friends and Influence People (1936), a book about how to
communicate with people if you want to be successful in
business, which was very popular for many years 卡内基
〔(1888-1955)，美国作家，《如何赢得朋友和影响人们》(1936)的
作者，这是一本论述如果要在商业上获得成功应该如何与人沟通的
书籍，畅销多年〕
Carnegie Hall /，. . '·/ a large concert hall in New York City
where many famous and admired musicians perform. It is there-
fore considered a great achievement to perform there, 卡内基
音乐厅〔纽约市一大型音乐厅，众多令人钦佩的著名音乐家在此演
出，因此能在那里表演被视为一大成就〕
car·ne·li·an /kar`niljen; ka:'ni:lien/ n a CORNELIAN〔一种矿石)
光玉髓，肉红玉髓
car·ney also 又作 carnie /kgrni: 'kg:ni/ n AmE a person who
works in a CARNIVAL (2)； such people are often gypsies (GYPSY)
and are not well respected, especially by the people in towns
visited by the carnival【美】流动游艺场的工作[表演]人员〔他
们通常是吉普赛人，尤其不受所到城镇居民的尊敬
car·ni·val /`karnevl; 'ka:nval/n 1 [C; U] (an occasion or pe-
riod of) public enjoyment and merrymaking, with eating, danc
ing, drinking, and often processions and shows, held especially
in Roman Catholic countries in the weeks before Lent 狂欢
(节)；（尤指天主教国家在四旬斋前举行的〕嘉年华会：carnival
time in Rio de Janeiro 里约热内卢的嘉年华会 2 AmE for【美】=
FUNFAIR 3 AmE a celebration usually held yearly by a school
in which students make and operate the amusements【美】〔学
校一年一度举行的〕嘉年华会〔其间由学生安排组织各项娱乐节
目)
car·ni·vore /`kane vor; 'kg:nvo:/n a flesh-eating animal 肉食
动物：Lions are carnivores; rabbits are not. 狮子是肉食动物，
兔子则不是。- — compare 比较 HERBIVORE, OMNIVORE - -vorous
/kar`niveres; ka:'niveres/ adj
car. ob /`kaereb; 'kaereb/ n (the beanlike fruit of) a Mediterra. 
nean tree, used instead of chocolate by people who think it is
more healthy〔产于地中海地区的〕角豆树；角豆荚〔有人认为它更
有益健康，用来替代巧克力使用)：carob cake (=made using
carob bean flour)角豆粉糕
car·ol' /`kaerel: 'kaerel/ also 又作 Christmas carol — n a re-
ligious song of joy and praise sung at Christmas. There are
many well-known carols, including O Come all ye Faithful
Silent Night and O Little Town of Bethlehem. (圣诞) 颂歌，
〔宗教性的〕祝颂歌〔著名的颂歌有许多，包括《齐来崇拜歌》、《平
安夜》和《小伯利恒歌》〕— see Feature on page B1 参见B1页
文化特写
carol2v-ll- BrE【英】|-I- AmE【美】[I] to sing carols 唱圣诞颂
歌
carol away phr v [I] BrE to sing very cheerfully【英】欢唱
Caro-linas, the / kaere lainez; kaere'lainez/ the US states of N
Carolina and S Carolina〔美国的)南北卡罗来纳州
Car. o. lin. gi. an /kaere`lind3ien; kaere'lind3ien / adj connected
with the period, starting in the late 8th century AD, when
Charlemagne was the Holy Roman Emperor and ruled most of
W Europe〔始于公元8世纪后期，查理曼为神圣罗马帝国皇帝并
统治西欧大部分地区的〕加洛林王朝时期的
carol ser. vice /'··/ n a religious service in which Christmas
carols are sung. In the Church of England the service is often
the Service of Nine Lessons (=readings from the Bible) and
Carols. The readings are about the birth of Jesus. The most
famous carol service is the one broadcast on Christmas Eve by
the choir of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, and called the
Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols. 圣诞颂歌礼拜〔指唱圣
诞颂歌的一种宗教仪式。在英国国会中通常指“读经唱诗礼拜”，
0250
选读的是关于耶稣降生的内容。最著名的圣诞颂歌礼拜是在圣诞
夜里由剑桥皇家学院教堂唱诗班所演唱并播出的“读经唱诗节”〕
carol sing·er /'·，·/ n a person who sings carols 唱圣诞颂歌的
1
carol-singing /'·，. /also 又作 car. ol·ing /`kaerelin; 'kaerelin/
especially AmE n [U] the practice of singing Christmas carols
At Christmas time, groups of people sing carols, both indoors
and outdoors, in places such as shopping centres, railway
stations, and public squares. They usually collect money for a
good cause, e. g. homeless people. Sometimes carol singers
especially children, go along the streets from house to house
singing in front of each house and asking for money. In the US
carol singers are sometimes invited into people's houses for a
drink of COCOA (2) and a biscuit. 【尤美】唱圣诞颂歌〔圣诞节时，
人们成群结队地在购物中心、火车站和公共广场等地唱圣诞颂歌，
有在室内唱的，也有在户外唱的，他们通常为某一崇高的目标如为
无家可归者筹集善款。有时候，唱圣诞颂歌的人，尤其是孩子沿街
挨家挨户在每家门口唱歌募捐。在美国，唱颂歌的人有时会被邀请
进屋喝杯可可饮料，吃块饼干〕
ca. rouse /ke`rauz; ； ke'rauz/ v [I] lit to drink a lot and be nois-
ily merry together【文】痛饮；狂饮欢闹 - -rousal n [C; U]
car·ou·sel, carr- /`kaeru zl; kaere'sel/ n 1 AmE for【美】=
MERRY-GO-ROUND 2 a circular moving belt on which bags. 
cases etc from a plane are placed for collection by passengers
(机场的)旋转式行李传送带 3 a circular piece of equipment into
which one puts the SLIDES (=small pieces of film in frames
for showing on one kind of SLIDE PROJECTOR (=machine for
showing slides)〔一种幻灯放映机上的〕幻灯片卡盘
carp'/karp; ka:p/ v [I (ON, about, at)] derog infml to find fault
and complain continuously and unnecessarily【贬，非正式】挑
剔，找茬儿，吹毛求疵：carping criticism 吹毛求疵的批评|I
wish you'd stop carping (on) about the way I dress. 关于我怎
样穿衣打扮，希望你别挑毛拣刺了。
carp2n carp or carps a large FRESHWATER fish that lives in
lakes, pools, and slow-moving rivers and can be eaten. Carp is
not commonly eaten in Britain or the US, where it is regarded
as unclean because it feeds at the bottom of rivers. 鲤鱼〔在英
国或美国，鲤鱼不常被食用，因为它在河底进食而被当地人视为不
洁〕
car park /' ·/ n especially BrE【尤英】1 parking lot AmE【美】-
an open space where cars and other vehicles may be parked
sometimes for a small payment 露天停车场 2 parking garage
AmE【美】- an enclosed building used for this purpose 公共停
车房，多层停车场：I parked on the third floor of a multistorey
car park. (=one with many floors)我把车停在多层停车场的第
三层上。— see 参见 PARKING(USAGE)
car-pen·ter /karpente: 'ka:pante/n a person who is skilled at
making and repairing wooden objects, especially one who does
this as a job 木匠，木工 — compare 比较 JOINER (1)
car·pen·try /karpentri; 'ka:pntri/ n [U] the art or work of a
carpenter 木工手艺；木匠业 — compare 比较 JOINERY
car·pet' /`karpit; 'ka:pt/ n 1 [C; U] (a shaped piece of) heavy
woven, often woollen, material for covering floors or stairs. 
Many homes have carpets from wall to wall (=fitted carpets
BrE【英】‖ wall-to-wall carpet AmE【美】) in all the main
rooms, and a stair carpet going up the stairs 地毯〔许多家庭都
在所有主要房间的地面铺上大地毯，及在楼梯上铺楼梯地毯)：a
beautiful Persian carpet 一块美丽的波斯地毯| a stair carpet
楼梯地毯 | some bits of old carpet 几小块旧地毯 — compare
比较 RUG 2 [C (of)] anything which covers the ground like this
覆盖地面的毯状物：a carpet of flowers/snow 遍地鲜花；一片皑
皑白雪 — see also 另见 MAGIC CARPET, RED CARPET, sweep
something under the carpet (SWEEP1)
carpet2v [T] 1 to cover (as if) with a carpet 在··上铺地毯；（像
是)用地毯覆盖：a carpeted waiting room 一间铺有地毯的接待
室 2 infml, especially BrE to blame for bad work, foolish
behaviour etc; REPRIMAND【非正式, 尤英】斥责, 责备, 责骂: He
was carpeted by the boss for failing to win the contract. 他因
未能争取到合同而受到老板的责备。
carpet bomb /'·/v [T] to drop many bombs over (a small
area), so that nearly everything in that area is destroved〔对某
一小区域)进行地毯式轰炸：Planes carpet bombed Dresden in
World War II and the city was devastated. 第二次世界大战
中，飞机对德累斯顿进行地毯式轰炸，全城被毁
car·pet·ing /`karpitin; 'ka:ptin/ n [U] heavy woven material
for making carpets 做地毯的料子
carpet slip-per /'·，·/n a SLIPPER 室内便鞋，地毯拖鞋
carpet sweep. er /'. . / n a nonelectric machine for sweep. 
ing carpets 〔不用电的)扫地毯器 — compare 比较 VACUUM
CLEANER
car phone /'/ n a telephone for use in a car(汽车里的)电话
car pool /'/ n 1 an agreement made by a number of car own. 
ers to take turns driving each other to work, school etc 合伙用
车协议[组织]〔指一群有汽车的人达成协议，轮流用自己的车送大
家上班、上学等)2 especially BrE a number of cars owned by a
company or other organization for the use of its members【尤
英】〔公司等拥有的供其工作人员使用的多辆〕公车
carpool lane /`karpul len; 'ka:pu:l lein/n a special LANE on a
US FREEWAY (=a large fast main road) which can only be used
by cars containing two or more people at times when the roads
are very busy 多人共乘汽车的专用车道〔美国高速公路上的一条
特殊车道，在交通繁忙时，只允许几人共乘的车辆通行〕
car-port /`kar port; 'ka:po:t/ n a shelter for a car, with only a
roof and one or two sides, often built against a side of a house
〔靠墙搭设的〕敞篷式汽车间，停车棚 — compare 比较 GARAGE'
(1)
Car. raun. too. hill / kaeren`tuel; kaeren'tu:el/ the highest moun-
tain in the Republic of Ireland, in the southwest of the coun-
try卡朗图厄尔山〔爱尔兰共和国境内最高的山，位于该国西南
部〕
car. rel /kaerel; 'kaerel/ n AmE a small enclosed space for study-
ing in a library【美】图书馆中供学习者用的小单间
Car. re·ras /kae`reres; kae'reares/, Jo. se /ho`ze; heu'zei/ (1946-)
a Spanish OPERA singer, known also for being one of the THREE
TENORS卡雷拉斯〔(1946-)，西班牙歌剧演唱家，作为三大男高
音之一而闻名〕
Car. rey /`keri: 'kaeri/, James Eugene (Jim)(1962-) a US
actor whose films include Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1993)
and The Mask(1994)金凯瑞〔(1962-)，美国演员，演过的影
片包括《神探飞机头》(1993)和《变相怪杰》(1994)〕
*car. riage /kaerid3: 'kaerid3/n 1 [C] a wheeled vehicle. espe-
cially a private horse-drawn vehicle 车辆；（私人）马车 — see
also另见 PRAM 2 [C] BrE【英】‖car AmE【美】- a railway
passenger vehicle （铁路）客车车厢：I'll be sitting in the third
carriage from the front of the train. 我将坐在火车前部的第三
节车厢里。3 [U] BrE (the cost of ) the moving of goods from
one place to another【英】运输；搬运；（货）运费：The price in-
cludes carriage. 价钱里包括运费。| to send goods carriage
forward(=with the cost of moving them to be paid by the
receiver)按运费由收货人支付的方式运货 | to send goods car-
riage paid/free(=with the cost already paid by the sender)按
运费由发货人支付的方式运货 4 [C] a wheeled support for mov-
ing a heavy object, especially a gun 轮架；（有轮）炮架 5 [C] a
movable part of a machine 〔机器的)滑架；溜板；拖板：The car-
riage of a typewriter holds and moves the paper. 打字机的滑
架用于安放和移动打字纸。6 [S;U] fml the way a person holds
and moves their head and body; DEPORTMENT【正式】体态；仪
态；姿态；举止
carriage clock /'. / n BrE a small clock in a BRASS case, 
usually with glass front, back, and sides, with a handle on top
【英】〔铜制外壳，四面皆为玻璃，顶部有把手的〕便携式时钟
car. riage. way /`kaerid3, we; 'kaerid3wei/ n BrE the part of a
road's surface on which vehicles travel【英】行车道；马路
see also 另见 DUAL CARRIAGEWAY
car·ri·er /`kerie; 'kaerie/ n 1 BrE a carrier bag【英】手提购物袋
2 a person or thing that carries, especially a business that car-
ries goods or passengers from one place to another for pay-
ment 运送人，使者，信差；运输业者；运输公司；运输工具：This
airline is one of Americo's biggest international carriers. 这
家航空公司是美国最大的国际航空公司之一。3 med a person or
thing that passes diseases to others without actually suffering
from the disease【医】带菌者：病媒〔指传播疾病而自身却不受其
害的人或物)4 a military vehicle or ship which carries soldiers. 
planes, weapons etc, especially an AIRCRAFT CARRIER〔运送军
队、飞机、武器等的〕军车；运输舰；〔尤指〕航空母舰：an armoured
personnel carrier 装甲运兵车 5 a usually metal frame fixed to
a vehicle (e. g, a bicycle) to hold bags, goods etc 〔固定在自行
车等上的〕带物架
carrier bag /'· ·/ also 又作 carrier BrE【英】‖ shopping bag
AmE【美】- n especially BrE a strong paper or plastic bag
with handles into which goods are placed in a shop so that the
customer can take them away【尤英】手提〔纸或塑料制的〕购物
袋
carrier pi-geon /'· ，·/ also 又作 homing pigeon - n a PI-
GEON (a type of bird) that has been trained to carry messages
from one place to another 信鸽
car·ri·on /kaerien; 'kaerien/ n [U] dead and decaying flesh 腐尸；
腐肉：Some birds feed on carrion. 有些鸟类以动物的腐尸为食
物
Car. roll /kaerel; 'kaerel/, Lewis (1832-1898) a British writer
0251
who wrote two very famous children's stories. Alice's Adven
tures in Wonderland and THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS. His
real name was Charles Dodgson, and he was also a teacher of
MATHEMATICS at Oxford University. 卡罗尔〔(1832-1898)，英
国作家，写过两本很著名的儿童读物《艾丽丝漫游奇境记》和《镜中
世界》，真名查尔斯·道奇森，他还是牛津大学的一名数学教师〕—
see also 又作 ALICE IN WONDERLAND
car. rot /'kaeret; 'kaeret/ n 1 [C; U] (a plant with) a long thick
orange pointed root eaten as a vegetable. People sometimes
say that carrots help you to see in the dark if you eat a lot of
them. 胡萝卜，红萝卜〔人们有时说吃大量的胡萝卜能使人在黑暗
中也看得见东西)：Have some more carrots. 请再吃点胡萝卜。
carrot soup 胡萝卜汤| We grow carrots in our garden. 我们
在菜园里种了一些胡萝卜。2 [C] infml a promised reward or
advantage for doing something, especially offered as a way of
persuading someone (from the idea that you can encourage a
DONKEY to move by putting a carrot in front of it)【非正式】〔为
使某人做某事而给予的〕报酬，好处，奖品：许诺〔源自一种想法，
即在驴子面前放一个胡萝卜就能使它走动)：They are trying to
persuade the staff to accept the new machinery by dangling
(=offering) the carrot of higher pay, 他们正试图以加薪的许
诺诱员工使用新机器。| Their method of negotiating is a com-
bination of the carrot and the stick. (=promises and threats)
他们谈判的方法就是大棒加胡萝卜[又拉又打]
carrot-top/'. / n infml a person with red hair【非正式】红头发
的人
car. rot. y /kaereti; 'kaereti/ adj(especially of the hair) orange in
colour〔尤指头发〕胡萝卜色的，橘红色的
car. ry'/kaeri; 'kaeri/ v 1 [T] to have or hold in your arms, on
your back etc, while moving 拿；提；抱；带；扛；背；搬：She
carried her baby on her back. 她把小宝宝背在背上。| I car-
ried the books in a strong paper bag. 我把这些书装在厚纸袋
里提着。 We lifted the piano and carried it down the stairs. 
我们抬起钢琴，把它搬到楼下。— see 参见 BRING(USAGE)2[T]
to act as the means by which (a person or thing) is moved from
one place to another; TRANSPORT; CONVEY传送，运送，输送
搬运：The railway system carries over 25% of the country's
goods traffic. 铁路系统担负着全国25%以上的货运业务。
Pipes carry oil across the desert. 输油管穿过沙漠把石油输送
出去。| The little boat was carried out to sea on the tide. 小
船在涨潮时被冲到海上去了。|(fig. 喻) Her outstanding abil-
ity carried her right to the top of her profession. 她的卓越才
能使她出人头地，成了本行业中的佼佼者。| He ran out of the
burning building as fast as his legs would carry him. 他拼命
快跑，冲出正在燃烧着的大楼。3 [T] to pass from one person to
another; spread 传播；散布；传达；转告：Many serious diseases
are carried by insects. 许多危险的疾病是由昆虫传播的。4 [T]
to be able to support the weight of(something) without mov-
ing or breaking 支撑，支持：These two pillars carry the whole
roof, 这两根柱子支撑着整个屋顶。5 [T] to have with you or on
your body 携带； 佩带：The police in Britain don't usually carry
guns. 英国警察通常是不带枪的。| This is a dangerous area, 
so don't carry too much cash on you. 这是个危险地区，所以你
身上不要带太多现金。6 [T no pass. 无被动语态] fml to move
or hold (yourself) in a certain way【正式】使〔自身〕保持某种姿
势；举动，处身，自处：They carry themselves like soldiers. 他
们的举止像军人。7 [T] a to support or keep in operation, espe-
cially by providing money 〔尤指用金钱等〕扶助，资助，援助：Can
the company afford to carry its loss-making overseas section
until business improves?公司是否担负得起海外分公司的亏空，
一直硬挺到经营有所改善呢？ b tech to support with food【术语】
饲养，喂养；供养：This field can carry up to ten cows. 这片田
野可以为10头母牛提供饲料。8 [T] to print or broadcast; con-
tain 登载；广播；报道； All the newspapers carried articles abou
the pop star's marriage. 所有报纸都刊登了有关那位流行歌星
婚姻状况的文章。| This radio station does not carry any ad-
vertising. 这家广播电台不播送任何广告。9 [T] to keep a sup-
ply of (goods) for sale; STOCK2备有〔货物)供销售：The store
carries a good range of sports equipment. 该店备有多种运动
器材供选购。10 [T] to have as a usual or necessary part or
result 具有·的惯例；包含·的结果；含有··意义：All our pro-
ducts carry a 12-month guarantee. 我厂所有产品均有1年的
保用期。| The plan carries with it the risk of losing popular
support. 该项计划包含着失去公众支持的风险。| This is a se-
rious crime and carries a long jail sentence. 这是一种严重罪
行，会被判处长期徒刑。|Her opinions carry (a lot of) weight
with me. (=influence me greatly)她的意见对我（很）有影响力。
11 [I] to be able to reach a certain distance 〔声音〕能达到 (·远) ；
(枪等)能打到 (··距离) ：We couldn't hear her at the back of
the hall because her voice doesn't carry (very well). 我们在
大厅后面听不到她讲话，因为她的声音不够响亮。|How far does
this gun carry? (=how far will it fire?)这枝枪射程有多远？ 12
[T usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to give approval to (especially
a law or plan), especially by voting(尤指以投票表决方式)使
〔法案、计划等)获得通过：The motion was carried by 310 votes
to 306. 该项动议以310票对306票获得通过。|I declare the
motion carried. 我宣布该项动议获得通过。13 [T no pass. 无
被动语态] to win the sympathy, support, or agreement of赢得
··的同情[支持、赞同]：The government carried most of the
country and won the election. 政府得到大部分国民的支持，在
大选中获胜。14 [I; T] to put (a number) into the next upright
row to the left when doing addition〔做加法时)将〔数字〕进位：
To add 9 and 5 you write down 4 and carry 1. 9加 5，先写下
4再把1进位。15 [T] to succeed in not showing the bad effects
of 掩饰，把··妥善地隐瞒：He carries his age very well. 他看上
去一点儿也不显老。| He can't carry his drink. (=can't drink
much alcohol without getting drunk)他酒量不大，一喝就醉。16
carry all/everything before you to be completely successful;
win a complete victory 极为成功；大获全胜 17 carry a torch
forto be in love with (especially someone who does not return
the love)对〔某人)钟情〔尤指单相思) 18 carry a tune to sing
correctly 唱准音调：He couldn't carry a tune in a bucket! 他根
本唱不准音调！19 carry something too far to do something
for too long or to too great a degree 把〔某事〕做得过分：She
carried the joke too far. 她开的玩笑太过分了。20 carry the
can BrE infml to take the blame; be responsible【英，非正式】
承担责任，〔为某人)背黑锅21 carry the day to win; be com-
pletely successful 得胜；大获成功 — see also 另见 CASH AND
CARRY
carry away phr v [T usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to fill
with strong feeling or excitement, especially so as to cause
unreasonable behaviour 使忘其所以，使忘形；使兴：Marsha
got so carried away when arguing with her husband that she
hit him. 玛莎同她丈夫争吵时过于激动，以致动手打了他。|I got
rather carried away at the clothes sale and spent far too much
money. 我在服装特价出售时忘乎所以，一下子花了好多钱
carry sthg.  forward/overphr v [T] (when adding up
accounts) to move (a total) from the bottom of an upright row
of figures to the next page for further addition 将〔账目〕转入
次页
carry sthg. offphr v [T] 1 to perform or do (a part, action
duty etc) easily and successfully 轻而易举地完成〔任务、职责
等)：She carried off her part in the plan with no difficulty. 她
轻而易举地完成了她在该项计划中承担的任务。|It's a risky
venture and I'm not sure they'll be able to carry it off. 这是一
桩充满风险的事，我不敢肯定他们能够不费力气地就做成功。2to
win (a prize, honour etc)赢得，获得〔奖品，荣誉等) ：Jean car-
ried off all the prizes. 琼赢得了全部奖品。
carry on phr v1 [I (with); T(=carry on sthg. )] to continue
especially in spite of an interruption or difficulties 〔尤指不顾
干扰或困难)继续做；坚持：We can carry on our discussion af-
ter lunch. 午饭后我们可以继续讨论。] Carry on with your
work. 继续干你的工作吧。| [+v-ing] Even after the music
started they carried on talking. 音乐响起之后，他们还继续说
话。2 [I] infml to behave in a foolish, excited, or anxious manner
【非正式】大吵大闹：You should have heard her carrying on
when we told her the news! 我们告诉她这个消息时，你真该听
听她歇斯底里的吵闹声。| I wish you'd stop carrying on
(=complaining) about it. 我希望你不要再对这件事吵吵闹闹了。
3 [I (with)] infml to have a love affair, especially an improper
one【非正式】与··有〔尤指不正当的〕暧昧关系：Did you know
she's been carrying on with the milkman?你知道她一直在跟
那个送牛奶的勾勾搭搭吗？ — see also 另见 CARRYING-ON, 
CARRY-ON
carry sthg.  out phr v [T] 1 to perform or complete; CON-
DUCT 实行，执行；完成，实现：Our planes carried out a bomb-
ing raid on enemy targets. 我们的飞机执行了一项轰炸敌方目
标的任务。| They are carrying out urgent repairs. 他们正在
做抢修工作。| An investigation into the cause of the crash
will be carried out by the Department of Transport. 有关飞机
坠毁原因的调查将由运输部负责进行。2 to fulfil (a promise, duty
etc)履行〔诺言、义务等)：They have failed to carry out their
obligations/their orders. 他们没有履行合同[执行命令]。| to
carry out a threat 实行威胁 — see also 另见 CARRYOUT
carry over sthg. phr v [T] to CARRY forward — see also
另见CARRY-OVER
carry through phr v 1 [T] (carry sbdy, through (sthg. ) to
help (someone) to continue in an effective way during (an
illness, difficult period etc); SUSTAIN 帮助〔某人〕渡过〔患病、
有困难等时期)；使渡过难关，使撑到底：His strong determina-
0252
tion carried him through (his illness). 他坚强的意志使他渡过
了（生病的）难关。2 [T] (carry sthg. ← through) to bring to a
successful end; ACCOMPLISH 实现，完成：Despite powerful
opposition, they managed to carry their reforms through. 尽
管遇到了强大的阻力，他们还是设法进行了改革。
carry2n [C; U] the distance an object will travel or has travelled
after being fired, thrown, or hit〔枪等的〕射程：〔物体〕被抛掷所
能达到的距离：a golf drive with a carry of 300 yards 使高尔夫
球飞出300码远的一击
car-ry. all /keri ol; 'kaeri-5:l/ n especially AmE a large usually
soft bag or case; HOLDALL【尤美】大手提包，装杂物的大袋子
car·ry·cot /`kaeri kat; 'kaerikpt/ especially BrE【尤英】‖ also 又
作 portacrib AmE trademark【美，商标】- n a small boxlike
container with handles in which a baby can be carried 手提箱
形的婴儿床
carrying charge /'·/ n especially AmE money added to the
price of things bought by INSTALLMENT PLAN【尤美】〔分期付
款购物的〕附加价格
carrying-on /，· '·/ also 又作 carryings-on pl. — n [U] infml
【非正式】1 foolish, excited, or immoral behaviour 蠢举，轻薄
行为；丑事：The police were called in to investigate the scan-
dalous carryings-on. 警察被召来调查这件丢脸的丑闻。2 the
activity of one person having an improper love affair with
another 〔不正当的〕暧昧关系 — see also 另见 CARRY on
carry-on /'. /n [S] infml, especially BrE a piece of silly usu-
ally annoying behaviour; FUSS【非正式，尤英】大惊小怪：不得体
的行为 — see also 另见 CARRY on
Carry On film /，. · ，/ Carry On mo·vie /，. ，. ·/ n one of a
series of very popular humorous British films made especially
in the 1960s and 1970s. Carry On films often used the same
actors, and most of the jokes are DOUBLE ENTENDRES
(=something that has two possible meanings) about sex. They
have titles such as Carry on Nurse (1959) and Carry on up
the Khyber(1968). 搞笑片〔尤指摄制于20世纪60. 70年代的
一系列很受欢迎的英国喜剧片，影片选用固定的演员，笑话大都是
带有猥亵含意的双关语，片名如《搞笑护士》(1959)、《在开伯尔
山口大搞笑》(1968)等〕
car-ry·out /`kaeri, aut; 'kaeri-aut/ adj, n AmE & ScotE for【美
苏格兰】=TAKEAWAY
carry-o·ver /'·，·/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] 1 a total that is
carried forward (CARRY forward)(账目上)转记于次页的金额
结转 2 [(from)] something that is left from an earlier time or
situation; REMNANT 遗留物；残存物；剩货：These regulations
are a carry-over from restrictions that were imposed during
wartime, 这些规定是战争期间强行实施的限制性措施中保留到今
天的那一部分。 — see also 另见 CARRY over
car-sick /kar sik; 'ka: sik/ adj sick because of the movement
of a car 晕车的 - — ~ness n [U]
Car. son /'karsn; 'ka:san/, John. ny /`d3ani; 'd3pni/ (1925-)a
US COMEDIAN and television PRESENTER, famous for appear
ing on The TONIGHT SHOW from 1962 to 1992. He was always
introduced with the words 'Here's Johnny!', and he then gave
a long humorous speech, which was often about politics and
recent events. 卡森〔(1925-)，美国喜剧演员和电视节目主持人，
以1962年至1992年间主持《今晚节目》而出名，节目开始总是
用“有请约翰尼”这句话把他引出来，然后他就开始幽默地发表长
篇大论，内容经常涉及政治和时事〕
Carson, Kit (1809-1868) a US hunter and soldier who also
worked as a GUIDE for John C. FREMONT on his journeys in the
western part of North America. Carson City in the state of
Nevada is named after him. 卡森〔(1809-1868)，美国猎人和军
人，曾为约翰·C. 弗里蒙特在北美西部探险时作向导，内华达州的
卡森城就是以他的名字命名的〕
Carson, Ra. chel /`retfel; 'reitfal/ (1907-1964) a US scientist
who worked in the area of MARINE BIOLOGY (=the study of the
creatures and plants that live in the sea). She wrote several
books, including Silent Spring, and she was one of the first
people to realize that PESTICIDES(=chemicals for protecting
crops from insects) were damaging the environment. 卡森
((1907-1964), 美国海洋生物学家，著有《寂静的春天》等几部著
作，她是最先认识到杀虫剂正在破坏环境的人之一〕
Carson, Willie (1942-)a British horse racing COMMENTATOR
(=someone who describes an event on television while it is
happening) who was formerly a successful JOCKEY (=someone
who rides horses in races)卡森〔(1942- )，英国马术比赛解说
员，原为一名出色的骑师〕
car stick. er /'，. ·/n a piece of paper or plastic made to stick on
a car window; car stickers usually have advertisements, jokes, 
or opinions on them〔粘贴在汽车玻璃上，纸或塑料制的〕车窗广
告[笑话、观点]贴 — compare 比较 BUMPER STICKER
*cart1/kart; ka:t/ n 1 a two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle
pulled by an animal, especially a horse, or pulled or pushed by
hand, and used in farming or for carrying goods〔两轮或四轮
的〕兽力车；〔尤指〕马车；大车；手推车 — see also 另见 APPLE
CART 2 in the cart slang, especially BrE in an awkward or
difficult position【俚，尤英】为难；陷入困境；处于不利地位3put
the cart before the horse to do or put things in the wrong
order 前后颠倒；本末倒置：You're putting the cart before the
horse by buying all this furniture before you've got the house
你还没有房子就买这么多家具，真是本末倒置了。4AmE for【美】
=TROLLEY
cart2v [T] 1 to carry (as if) in a cart （似）用车装运：Cart all this
rubble away. 用车子把这些碎砖头全拉走！2[+obj+adv/prep]
infml to take or remove, often disrespectfully, carelessly, or
using force【非正式】〔强行〕取走，拿走；带走：The demonstra-
tors were carted off to jail by the police. 示威者被警察强行带
走，关进监牢。| She carts the kids around with her wherever
she goes. 她无论走到哪儿，总要把几个孩子带在身边。
car tax/'/ n [C;U] ROAD TAX公路税，通行税
carte blanche /，kart `blanf;ka:t 'bla:nf/ n [U] full freedom. 
especially to make decisions or spend money 全权，自由行事
权：[+to-v] I was given carte blanche to reorganize the
department. 我被授予全权改组该部门。
car. tel /`kartl; ka:'tel/ n often derog a group of independent. 
often international, companies who agree to fix prices to limit
competition so that they can increase their profits. In Britain
and the US it is illegal to form a cartel. 【常贬】卡特尔，企业[同
业]联盟〔国际性公司之间同意为限制竞争而定价，从而增加利润
而结成的联盟，这在英美两国为非法
cart·er /`kart; 'ka:te'/ n BrE old use a person whose job is
driving carts【英，旧】（运货）马车夫；赶车人
Carter, Jimmy (1924-)the 39th President of the US from
1977 to 1981. Carter helped arrange the peace agreement be-
tween Egypt and Israel called the CAMP DAVID Agreement
Before he became President, he was in charge of his family's
PEANUT business and was the governor of the US state of
Georgia. 卡特〔(1924-)，美国第39任总统(1977-1981)，他促
成埃及与以色列之间的和平协议，称“戴维营协议”。就任总统前，
他负责家族的花生生意，曾任美国佐治亚州州长)
Car thage /kar0id3: 'ka: 0id3/ an ancient city on the north coast
of Africa, near the modern city of Tunis. Carthage was involved
in three wars against the ancient Romans, who eventually de-
stroyed it in 146 BC. 迦太基〔非洲北部沿岸一古城，位于今突尼
斯附近。在那里进行过3次反抗古罗马人的战争，最终于公元前
146年被毁〕 - — see also 另见 HANNIBAL - Carthaginian n. 
adj
carthorse /'karthors: 'ka:tho:s/ n a large powerful horse, es-
pecially used for heavy work and pulling carts〔干重活或拉车
的〕役马
Car. ti-er /kartie; 'ka:tiei/ trademark a fashionable jewellery
store, known especially for its very expensive watches【商标】
卡地亚珠宝店〔尤以其名贵的手表著称)：a Cartier watch一块
卡地亚手表
car. ti. lage /'kart]id3; 'ka:tlid3/ n [C; U] (a piece of ) strong
elastic substance found instead of bone in young animals and, 
especially round the joints, in older animals_软骨（组织） -
compare 比较 GRISTLE - -laginous /kart]`ed3enes;ka:t-
laed3enes/ adj
Cart-land /'kartlend; 'ka:tlend/, Dame Bar. ba. ra /`barbre;
'ba:bare/(1904-)a British writer known for writing hundreds
of romantic novels in a rather old-fashioned style. She is known
for wearing pink clothes and a lot of MAKE-UP and for encour
aging people to eat HEALTH FOODS. 卡特兰〔(1904-)，英国作
家，以创作数百部风格相当旧式的浪漫小说而闻名，并以穿粉红色
服装、化浓妆以及鼓励人们吃健康食物而为人认识)：Brad was
tall, rich, and handsome, like the hero of a Barbara Cartland
novel. 布拉德高大、富有、英俊，就像是芭芭拉·卡特兰小说中的主
人公一样。 — see also 另见 MILLS AND BOON
cart-load /kart lod; 'ka:tleud/ n the quantity that a cart can
hold 一货车的装载量：by the cartload(=in great numbers)大
量地
car. tog. ra·phy /kar`tagrefi; ka:'togrefi/ n [U] the science or
art of making maps 地图制作法；制图学 - -pher n
car. ton /`kartn; 'ka:tn/ n 1 a box made from stiff paper
(CARDBOARD)or plastic, used for holding goods 硬纸盒，厚纸
箱；塑料盒：a carton of cream 一盒奶油 2 AmE (often in comb. 
常用于复合词) a container holding a certain amount or number
of goods【美】装一定量商品的容器：carton of cigarettes (=10
packs of 20 cigarettes)条装香烟〔10盒20支装香烟)|milk
carton /carton of milk 牛奶盒；盒装牛奶
0253
car·toon /kar`tun: ka:'tu:n/ n1 a humorous drawing, often deal-
ing in a clever and amusing way with something of interest in
the news, usually with a CAPTION （讽刺） 漫画，幽默画 - com-
pare 比较 COMIC2 and 和 COMIC STRIP 2 also 又作 animated
cartoon -a cinema film made by photographing a set of draw-
ings 卡通（片），动画片 3 a drawing used as a model for a paint-
ing or other work of art 草图，底图 — ~ist n
cartoon strip /'/ n a set of drawings telling a short story, 
often with words showing the speech of the characters in the
pictures 连环漫画
car trans. por. ter /'. . / n a railway vehicle or large LORRY
which is built to carry a number of usually new cars to the
place where they will be sold 车辆运输车〔指一般将新车运往销
售地的火车或大卡车〕
car·tridge /`kartrid3; 'ka:trid3/ n 1 a metal, paper, or plastic
tube containing explosive and a bullet for use in a gun 弹药筒
弹壳；子弹；枪弹 2(in a record player) a small case containing
the needle (STYLUS) that picks up sound signals from a record
〔电唱机上装唱针的〕唱头，针匣 3 a container holding recorded
MAGNETIC TAPE used especially with a TAPE RECORDER 装卡
式录音磁带的盒子 — compare 比较 CASSETTE(1)
cartridge pa·per /'·. ·/ n [U] BrE strong thick white or near-
white paper for drawing on【英】〔绘画用的〕厚白纸，图画纸
cart track /'/n a narrow road with a rough surface, usually on
a farm〔一般指农场上路面不平的〕小路，小径
cart·wheel /`kart. hwil; 'ka:t-
wi:l/ n a circular movement in
which a person turns over by
putting their hands on the
ground and moving their legs
sideways in the air 侧手翻，侧
身筋斗：Jean learned to turn
cartwheels at school. 琼在学校
里学会做侧手翻。 — compare 比
较 SOMERSAULT - cartwheel
ν[I]
Cart. wright /`kartrait;
'ka:trait/, Ed. mund /`dmend;
'edmend/(1743-1823)a British
engineer who invented machines that were used in factories to
make cloth, and that did jobs which were previously done by
people卡特赖特〔(1743-1823)，英国工程师，发明了工业用织布
机以及能代替手工劳动的机械〕 — see also 另见 INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Ca. ru·so /ke`ruso; ke'ru:seu/, Enrico /en`riko; en'ri:keu/(1873-
1921)an Italian OPERA singer, considered to be one of the great-
est TENORS of the 20th century. He was one of the first opera
singers to make records, and this made him famous through-
out the world. 卡鲁索〔(1873-1921)，意大利歌剧演唱家，被视
为20世纪最伟大的男高音之一。他是最早灌制唱片的歌剧演唱家
之一，这使得他名扬全球〕
carve /karv; ka:v/ v 1 [T] to cut (usually wood or stone) into a
special shape or make (something) by cutting wood or stone
雕，刻；把〔木、石等〕雕成〔某物)：He carved the wood into the
shape of a bird. 他把木头雕成一只鸟。| They carved their
initials on the tree. 他们把自己姓名的起首字母刻在树上。| The
statue is carved out of marble. 那座塑像是用大理石雕成的。
 — compare 比较 SCULPTURE2 (2) 2 [I; T] to cut (cooked meat)
into pieces or cut (pieces) from cooked meat, especially at a
meal〔用餐时〕把〔熟肉〕切成小块；〔从熟肉上〕割下薄片：Shalll
carve you another slice of turkey?我再给你切一块火鸡肉好
吗？3 [T (OUT)] to make or gain (especially a position or
advantage) by long effort 〔经过长期努力而〕获得，创造，开辟〔地
位、利益等)：She has carved (out) a career for herselfla niche
cartoon 漫画，幽默画
for herself as a comic actress. 她为自己开创了一个做喜剧演
员的前程。[她适得其所，找了一份做喜剧演员的工作。]
□USAGE 用法说明 You can 你可以 carve wood or stone
why do you
into a shape （把木头或石块雕刻成某种形状）；也可以 carve
always bring
(out) a shape from, in, or out of wood or stone （用木头或
that elephant
石块雕刻出某种形状)；or 还可以 carve words etc on a
gun when we
wooden or stone surface （在木头或石头表面上刻字等）
go out?
我们外出时，你为
carve sbdy. /sthg. up phr v [T] 1 usually derog to divide. 
什么总是带着这枝
especially in a way favourable to yourself【一般贬】〔尤指以有
猎象枪呢？
利于自己的方式)分享；分割；瓜分：They carved up the profits
between themselves. 他们瓜分了利润。2 slang to wound
(someone) with a knife【俚】用刀伤害 〔某人) 3 BrE slang (of a
motorist) to go past (another vehicle) and drive in front of it
too soon【英俚】〔汽车司机〕急速超车，快速切入别人的行车线
carv·er /karve;'ka:ve/n 1 a person who carves 雕刻师，雕工：
切肉人2a CARVING KNIFE 切肉刀
Carver, George Washington(1860-1943) a US scientist who
studied farming and crops, and was one of the first black people
in the US to become an important scientist. He showed cotton
farmers how to grow different crops and discovered many uses
for the PEANUT and the SWEET POTATO. 卡弗〔 (1860-1943)，
美国农业科学家，美国最早成为杰出科学家的黑人之一。他教棉农
种植各种不同的庄稼，并发现了花生和甘薯的多种用途
car·ve. ry /karveri; 'ka:veri/n (part of) a restaurant that mainly
serves roasted (ROAST) meats 烤肉餐厅（区）
carve-up /'/n the division of something between people, usu-
ally to their advantage 划分，分配；瓜分：the carve-up of Ger-
many after the Second World War 第二次世界大战后德国版图
的划分
carv·ing /karvin; 'ka:vin/ n 1 [C] something made by carving
雕刻物，雕刻品；（肉的）切片 2 [U] the work, art, or skill of a
carver 雕刻工作；雕刻艺术；雕刻技巧
carving fork /'. /n a large fork used to hold meat in place for
cutting with a carving knife〔切肉时用来按住肉块的)切肉叉
carving knife /'. / n a long sharp knife used for cutting up
large pieces of meat （长的）切肉刀
car wash /'/n a special piece of equipment into which you
drives your car for it to be washed 汽车清洗机
car. y. atid /kaeri`aetid; kaeri'aetd/ n tech a PILLAR (=support
for a building) shaped like a clothed female figure【术语】女像
cartwheel 侧手翻
柱〔雕成着装妇女形状的建筑物支柱〕
Cas. a-blan. ca /kase`blaenka; kaese'blaenke/ 1 the largest city
in Morocco, on the Atlantic coast 卡萨布兰卡〔摩洛哥最大的城
市，位于大西洋沿岸) 2 one of the most popular films in the his-
tory of the cinema, made in 1942 with Humphrey BOGART and
Ingrid BERGMAN. Casablanca is a romantic story about a man
called Rick who has a cafe in Casablanca, and who helps a
husband and wife escape from the Nazis. The café has a man
called Sam who plays the piano, and there is a famous scene
when Rick asks him to play his favourite song, saying 'Play
it', though many people think he says 'Play it again, Sam'. 《卡
萨布兰卡》〔电影史上最受人欢迎的影片之一，摄于1942年，由亨
弗莱·博加特和英格丽·褒曼主演。该片讲述了一个浪漫故事：里
克在卡萨布兰卡经营一家小餐馆，在他的帮助下，一对夫妇逃离了
纳粹统治区。小餐馆里有一位名叫萨姆的钢琴师，影片中有一个著
名的镜头是里克要求萨姆弹奏一首他喜爱的曲子，说“弹吧”，不过
许多人认为他说的是“再弹一遍，萨姆”〕
Cas. a. no. va /kaese`nove;, kaese'neuve/ n a man who has had, 
or says he has had, a lot of lovers(声称)拥有许多情妇的男子，
花心男人 — compare 比较 DON JUAN
Casanova, Gia. co·mo /`d3akemo; 'd3aekemeu/(1725-1798)
an Italian writer famous for having had many lovers卡萨诺瓦
〔(1725-1798)，意大利作家，以拥有许多情人而出名
cas. bah /`kaezba; 'kaezba:/n an ancient walled (usually Arab)
city〔一般指阿拉伯国家〕有城墙的古城，卡斯巴
cas. cade' /kaes`ked; kae'skeid/ n 1 a steep high usually small
waterfall, especially one part of a bigger waterfall 小瀑布〔尤
指大瀑布的分支)2 anything that seems to pour or flow down-
wards 瀑布状物：Her hair fell over her shoulders in a cas-
cade of curls. 她的卷发垂落肩头。
cascade2v [I+adv/prep] to fall or pour in quantity 瀑布似地落
下；大量倾泻； rainwater cascading down the window 从窗户
上倾泻而下的雨水
Cascade Range, the /'/ also 又作 the Cascades a group of
mountains in the west of the US and Canada, which stretch
from British Columbia in the north down to northern California, 
where they join with the Sierra Nevada 喀斯喀特山脉〔位于美
0254
国和加拿大西部，北起不列颠哥伦比亚省，南至加利福尼亚州北
部，在那里与内华达山脉会合〕
case'/kes; keis/ n 1 [C] a particular occasion or situation, espe-
cially as it concerns or influences a particular person〔尤指涉
及或影响到某人的)状况，情形；场合：Jane's bad results were
partly due to illness, but in the case of John/in John's case, 
no such excuse is possible. 简的成绩不好，部分原因是由于她
生病，但就约翰的情况而言，这样的理由却不能成立。|They may
not offer me much money. In that case (=if that happens) I
won't take the job. 他们给我的工资可能不会多，如果是那样的
话，我就不接受这份工作。| There will be no big pay increases
this year, as has been the case in previous years. 今年将不会
大幅度地增加工资，这几年来情况一直是这样。|I'm not sup-
posed to let anyone in, but I'll make an exception in your
case. 我本不应该让任何人进来，但就你的情况来说，我就破一回
例了。2 [C] an example 事例，实例：It is simply not the case
(=not true) that educational standards have fallen, 说教育水
准下降了，这根本不符合事实。| Several cases of fever have
been reported. 据报告已经发现有若干起发高烧的病例。| The
company are losing some of their best people because of the
low salaries - the resignation of the sales director is a case
in point. (=a clear or typical example)由于薪金低，公司正失
去一些最优秀的人才——销售主管的辞职便是个明显的例子。|
House prices have gone up by over 10%， in some cases by
almost20%. 房价的上涨率已经超过10%，还有几乎达到20%
的事例。| We don't really want to sell the car, but it's a case
of having to. (=we have no choice)我们其实并不想卖掉汽车，
但这是没有办法的事。| The government's by-election defeat
is a classic case of mid-term unpopularity, 政府在补缺选举中
的失败是当政者执政中期失去民心的典型例证。3[C] a set of
events needing inquiry or action by the police or a similar body
(犯罪)案件，事件：a case of robbery with violence 暴力抢劫案
police are working on/investigating the case, 警方正在侦查
该案。4 [C] a question to be decided in a court of law 诉讼（案
件) ；官司；判例；个案：My case against the local council will
be heard(=judgec) today. 我控告地方议会的讼案将在今天开
庭审理。| He sued the newspaper for libel, but lost the case
他控告那家报社犯了诽谤罪，但官司打输了。5 [C(for, against)
usually sing. 一般用单数] all the facts and arguments that sup-
port the opinions or claims of one side in a disagreement, legal
question etc〔争论或诉讼中一方提出的〕论据，理由，事实：申述
the case for the defence 被告一方的论据 | a key piece of evi-
dence in the prosecution's case 起诉方申辩中的主要证据 | The
police have a clear case against the prisoner. 警方掌握了不
利于该罪犯的确凿事实。| She made out a good case for (=gave
good arguments for) lowering our prices, 她摆出了充分的理
由，说明我们必须降低价格。| The case for the opposition will
be put(=explained) by Mr Steel. 反对的论点将由斯蒂尔先生
作出说明。6[C;U](in grammar)(changes in) the form of a
word (especially of a noun, adjective, or PRONOUN) showing
its relationship with other words in a sentence〔语法中的〕格：
Me'is the object case of 'I'. \"Me”是“I”的宾格。| ‘Mine' is
the possessive case of I. “Mine”是“I”的所有格。 — see also
另见 LOWER CASE, UPPER CASE 7 [C] a a person having medi-
cal treatment or being dealt with by the police, someone doing
SOCIAL WORK etc 病例，患者：由警方监管的人：社会工作者的工
作对象：The doctor has several cases to see this morning, 今
天上午医生要给好几名患者看病。| a hopeless case 不可救药
的 （病）人 b a person who is difficult to deal with 难以对付的
人：I don't know what to do about him, he's a real case. 我不
知道该拿他怎么办，他实在不好对付。一 see also 另见 BASKET
CASE, NUT CASE 8 in any case no matter what happens 无论如
何，不管怎样：The cost may be lower than we first thought, 
but in any case it will still be quite substantial. 费用也许会比
我们最初想像的低，但无论如何仍相当可观。9 in case of if or
when (something) happens 要是·，在·的时候：In case of fire, 
ring the bell. 如发生火灾, 请速按铃。 10 (just) in case a so as
to be safe if (something happens)以防万一：Take your coat in
case it rains/(just) in case it should rain. 带着雨衣吧，以防
(万一)下雨。| I'll cook plenty of potatoes just in case (they
decide to stay for dinner). 我打算多煮些马铃薯，以备万一（他
们决定留下吃晚饭)。b especially AmE if【尤美】如果，假使：In
case they're late, we can always sit in the bar. 要是他们来晚
了，我们总可以在酒吧里坐一坐。11 get/be on someone's case
to keep criticizing someone or complaining about them 不停地
指责[抱怨] 某人：My boss is always on my case about some
little thing or other. 我的上司老是为这样或那样的小事指责我。
The next time your parents get on your case about playing
videc games, tell them this is the future. 下次你父母抱怨你玩
电子游戏时，告诉他们时代不同了。12 get off my case! spoken
a rude expression, used in order to tell someone who keeps
criticizing you to stop【口】不要你管！〔让老是批评你的人停下来
时说的话，为粗鲁的表达方式)：Get off my case, will you?别管
我的事，好吗？| Why don't you get off my case and think about
your own problems for a while! 干嘛老说我不对，想想你自己
的问题吧！
case2n 1 a large box or container, in which goods can be stored
or moved 大箱子；大容器：a packing case包装箱| a case of
whisky (=12 bottles) 一箱威士忌 | The porter will carry youl
cases (=SUITCASEs) up to your room. 服务员会把您的箱子送
到您房间里去的。2 a box, piece of furniture, or other container
for holding and protecting something 盒（子），匣（子）；橱，柜
鞘；套，罩；壳：a jewel case 首饰盒 | a bookcase 书橱 | a
pillowcase枕套 - — see also_另见 LOWER CASE. UPPER CASE
case3 v [T] slang to examine, especially with the intention of
robbing【俚】〔为行窃而)预先侦察，窥探：The thief was casing
the joint. (=examining the place he intended to rob)这个贼
在窥探准备作案的场所。
case his. tory /，·/ n a record of the past history of someone
suffering from an illness, social difficulties etc病历；〔社会工
作者等工作对象的〕个案史
case-load /`keslod; 'keisleud/ n the group of CASES'(7a) that a
doctor, SOCIAL WORKER etc deals with regularly 〔医生、社会工
作者等的)工作量：My caseload is really high. (=I have a lot of
cases to deal with)我的工作量实在大
case·ment win. dow /kesment`windo:keisment 'windeu/
also 又作 casement - n a window that opens like a door, by
means of HINGES along one side 〔像门那样开关的)门式窗
compare 比较 SASH WINDOW
case stud·y /'·/ n a detailed study of a person or group, espe-
cially in order to learn about their social development and re-
lationship with other people in society个案研究〔尤指对个人
或团体的社会发展及其与社会其他人的关系进行的详尽研究〕
case·work /kes w3k; 'keisw3:k/ n [U] SOCIAL WORK concerned
with direct consideration of the problems of a particular person, 
family etc 社会（福利） 工作，社会辅导工作 — ~er n
cash'/kaef; kaef/ n [U] 1 money in the form of coins and notes
rather than cheques, CREDIT CARDs etc 现款，现金：to pay in
cash 用现金支付 | I haven't any cash on me -- can I pay by
cheque?我身上没带现金—可以用支票付款吗？| We don't
accept cheques - we only take hard cash (=notes and coins)/
you have to pay cash down. (=at once) 我们不收支票 -— 我们
只收现金[你得付现金]。2 infml money in any form【非正式】
钱：The company is a bit short of cash at the moment. 公司现
在手头有点紧。3 cash on delivery — see 参见 COD — see also
另见 PETTY CASH; see 参见 MONEY (USAGE)
cash2v [T] to exchange (a cheque or other order to pay) for
cash 把〔支票、票据等〕兑成现金，兑现：Can you cash these
traveller's cheaues for me?你能把这些旅行支票给我兑成现金
吗？ | Where can I get this cashed? 我到哪儿能把这（张支票）
兑现？
cash in phr v1 [I (on)] to take full advantage or profit (from)
(靠··)赚钱；利用：The company cashed in on its rival's diffi-
culties by doubling production. 公司充分利用其竞争对手的困
难，趁机把产量扩大一倍。2 [T] to exchange (documents etc)
for cash 将〔票据等)兑成现金：When are you going to cash in
those certificates?你什么时候把那些证券兑成现金？ He cashed
in his chips at the end of the game. 赌局结束时，他将筹码兑成
了现金。3 cash in your chips spoken an expression meaning
to die, used when you do not want to say this directly【口】走完
人生〔死亡的委婉表达方式)：When my old man cashed in his
chips, my mother sold the house. 老爸走完一生后，母亲就把房
子卖了。| There are a few things I want to do before I finally
cash in my chips. 在我走完这一生之前还有些事情想去做。
Cash, Johnny (1932- )a US COUNTRY AND WESTERN singer
and song writer, known for his very deep voice and for songs
such as I Walk the Line and A Boy Named Sue卡什〔 (1932- )，
美国乡村与西部音乐歌手和歌曲作家，以其极低沉的嗓音及《我在
赤道上行走》、《一个名叫苏的男孩》等歌曲闻名〕
cash and car·ry /·'·/ n [often the 常与定冠词 the 连用] a
shop where goods are sold at low prices if they are bought in
large quantities, paid for at once, and taken away by the buyer
付现自运商店；现购自运商店
cash-book /`kaefbuk; 'kaefbuk/ n a book in which a record is
kept of money received and paid out 现金账簿
cash card /'/n a special plastic card used for obtaining money
from a cash dispenser〔用于自动提款机的)自动提款卡
cash cow /'/ n [C] the part of a business you can always
depend on to make enough profit 摇钱树，稳赚项目：seeing the
product as a high-yielding cash cow, requiring little invest
0255
ment in the mature stage of its life-cycle 把那种产品视为一棵
大摇钱树，在其成熟期不需要什么投资
cash crop /'/ n a crop grown for sale rather than for use by
the grower 商品农作物 — compare 比较 CATCH CROP, SUBSIS
TENCE CROP
cash desk /'/n the desk in a shop where payments are made
〔商店的〕收款台，柜台，付款处
cash dis. count / '·/ n an amount by which the seller reduces
the price when the buyer pays with notes or coins and not by
cheque or CREDIT CARD 现金折扣〔卖方因买方用现金而不是支
票或信用卡支付而给予的价格折让
cash dis·pens·er /' ·，·/ also 又作 ATM —n especially BrE a
machine, especially one placed outside a bank, from which
customers can obtain money at any time by putting in a cash
card and pressing numbered keys to give a special number【尤
英】自动提款机〔尤指设在银行外面，客户插入提款卡并按动键盘。
即可随时提款的机器
ca-shew /`kaefu; 'kaefu:/ n (a tropical American tree that
produces)a small curved nut〔产于热带美洲的)腰果；腰果树，
如树
cash flow /'· ·/ n [S; U] the flow of money into a business (as
income) and out of a business (for wages, materials etc)现金
流转（量），现金流程：Despite difficult trading conditions, the
company has maintained a healthy/positive cash flow this
year. 尽管生意难做，公司今年的现金流转依然处于良好状态。
cash-flow problems/crisis 现金流转问题[危机]
cashier' /kae`fir; kae'fie/ n a person in charge of money and
payments in a bank, hotel, shop etc 出纳员：[旅馆、商店等的
柜台收账员；〔银行掌管现金运用的〕财务经理
cash-ier2 /kae`fir; kae'fie/ v [T] to dismiss (especially an officer]
with dishonour from service in the armed forces 罢免；革除〔九
指军官〕的职务
cash-in-hand // adj (of a payment for services etc) given
to somebody in the form of CASH so that there is no document
as a record of the payment. People sometimes prefer to be paid
this way as a way of avoiding paying tax. 〔工资等〕用现金支付
的〔作为一种逃税手段，人们有时宁愿用这种支付方式)：a cash-
in-hand payment 一笔用现金支付的款项 | I'd rather have the
money cash-in-hand. 我情愿拿现金
cash-less /`kaeflis; 'kaefls/ adj done or operating without the
use of money in any physical form 不用现钱的，转账的：a cash-
less transaction, by which money is transferred automatically
from the buyer's account to the seller's 买方的钱可自动转到
卖方账上的一笔非现金交易|So many people have credit cards
that we are nearly a cashless society. 那么多人都有信用卡，我
们这里几乎成了一个不用现金的社会。
cash ma. chine /'/n a CASH DISPENSER自动提款机
cash·mere /kaefmir; 'kaefmie/ n [U] fine soft wool, made from
a type of long-haired goat, used for making expensive clothes
〔用于制作高档服装的〕开司米羊毛织品；克什米尔产细羊毛：a
cashmere sweater 一件开司米毛绒衫
cash-point /`kaefpoint; 'kae[point/ n BrE a CASH DISPENSER【英】
自动提款机：a cashpoint card 一张提款卡
cash reg·is. ter /'. / n a business machine used in shops for
calculating and recording the amount of each sale and the
money received, and sometimes for giving change 现金收入记
录机，现金出纳机，收银机
cash-strapped /'/ adj [A] a cash-strapped organization is
one that does not have enough money; used especially in news. 
papers and news reports〔尤用于报纸，新闻报道中，指机构，组织
等)资金不足的：Cash-strapped councils can't repair crum-
bling school buildings. 委员会资金不足，无力维修倾颓的学校
大楼
cas-ing /'kesin; 'keisin/ n a protective covering, such as the
outer rubber covering of a car TYRE〔包在物体外面起保护作用
的)罩，壳，套，管；外胎：This wire has a rubber casing. 这种导
线外面包有一层橡胶
ca. si. no /ke`sino; ke'si:neu/ n -nos a place where people play
cards or other games for money. In the US, casinos are legal
only in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and in the state of Nevada
Monte Carlo in Monaco is known internationally for its casino
赌场，〔供赌博、娱乐的〕夜总会，俱乐部〔在美国，只有在新泽西州
的大西洋城和内华达州的赌场为合法。摩纳哥的蒙特卡洛以其赌
场而闻名世界
Cas. i. o /kaesio; 'kaesieu/ trademark a Japanese company that
makes watches, CALCULATORs etc【商标】卡西欧公司〔日本一手
表、计算器等产品的制造商〕
cask /kesk; ka:sk/ n (the amount contained in) a barrel-shaped
container, especially a fairly small one, for holding and stor
ing liquids 〔装存液体等的)小桶：一桶之量：a cask of sherry
桶雪利酒
cas·ket /`kaeskit; 'ka:skt/ n 1 a small usually decorated box
for holding jewels, letters, and other small valuable things〔装
珠宝、信件等贵重物品的)小盒，小箱 2 especially AmE for【尤
美】=COFFIN
Cas. pi. an Sea, the / kaespien `si;, kaespien 'si:/ the largest IN-
LAND sea in the world, between SE Europe and Asia. It is sur
rounded by Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turk-
menistan. 里海〔世界最大的内陆海，位于东南欧与亚洲之间，被俄
罗斯、伊朗、阿塞拜疆、哈萨克斯坦和土库曼斯坦所围绕
casque /kaesk; ka:sk/ n lit or old use a soldier's metal protec. 
tive HELMET, worn in former times【文或旧】〔古代士兵用的
头盔
Cas. san-dra /ke`saendre; ke'saendre/ n in ancient Greek stories, 
the daughter of PRIAM, King of Troy. The god APOLLO gave
her the power to see what would happen in the future, but he
also made sure that no one would ever believe her, so when
she warned her father that the Greeks could use the TROJAN
HORSE to take control of TROY, no one believed her. People are
sometimes called a 'Cassandra'if they warn that something
bad will happen, but no one believes them. 卡桑德拉〔古希腊传
说中，特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯的女儿。阿波罗神给予她预卜吉凶的
本领，但又使她的预言无人相信，因此，当她警告父亲说希腊人将
用特洛伊木马来攻占特洛伊时，没人相信她。人们有时把警告他人
将有不幸发生却不被相信的人称为“卡桑德拉”〕
, 
as. satt /ke`saet; ke'saet/, Mary (1845-1926) a US painter who
worked mainly in France with the IMPRESSIONISTS 卡萨特
〔(1845-1926)，美国画家，主要在法国与印象派画家一起创作)
cas·sa·va /ke`save; ke'sa:ve/ also 又作 manioc - n [C;U]
(flour made from the thick fleshy roots of) a tropical plant木
薯：木薯淀粉
cas·se·role /kaese rol; 'kaesereul/ n 1 [C] a deep usually cov. 
ered dish in which food can be cooked and served 炖锅，沙锅，
蒸锅：a heavy iron casserole 一只沉重的铁沙锅 2 [C; U] the
food cooked in this 炖锅[沙锅]菜肴：(a) beef casserole 沙锅
牛肉
cas·sette /kae`set; ke'set/ n 1 a container holding MAGNETIC
TAPE, which can be fitted into a TAPE RECORDER or VIDEO〔录
音带、录像带的〕卡式盒 — compare 比较 CARTRIDGE(3)2a
container for photographic film which can be fitted complete
into a camera 〔摄影胶卷的〕暗盒
cassette play·er /·'·，·/ n a TAPE RECORDER 盒式磁带录音机
cassette re·cord·er /. '·. ·/n a TAPE RECORDER 盒式磁带录音
机
cassette tape //n a cassette(1)〔录音带、录像带的)卡式盒
带
cas·sock /`kaesek; 'kaesek/ n a long, heavy, usually black gar
ment, worn by some priests and by people helping at religious
services〔教士等穿的，多为黑色的〕法衣，长袍
cast' /kaest; ka:st/ v cast [T] 1 especially lit or old use to throw
or drop【尤文或旧】投，扔，掷，抛：The fishermen cast their nets
into the sea. 渔民在海上撒网。| The wicked king cast his en-
emies into prison. 邪恶的国王把他的对头一个个投入监狱。|(fig
喻)The witch cast a spell on the prince and turned him into a
frog. 女巫用咒语对王子施展法术，把他变成了青蛙。2[+obj+adv/
prep] to throw off; remove; get rid of; SHED 丢弃；抛弃；脱掉；
摆脱：Every year the snake casts off its skin. 每年蛇都要蜕皮。
to cast aside one's doubts/inhibitions/former friends 打消疑
虑；摆脱阻碍；抛弃旧友3 to turn or direct 把··投向[指向]；投
射：The evening sun cast long shadows (across the garden). 
夕阳（在花园里）投下长长的影子。| She cast a glance in his
direction. 她朝他那个方向扫了一眼。| So far, the polic in-
vestigation has not cast any light on her disappearance. (=has
not helped to explain it)警方的调查迄今还没有对她的失踪提
供任何线索。| Would you just cast an eye over (=look through
quickly) this letter before I put it in the post?在我寄出这封信
之前，你先把它看一眼，好吗？|These incidents must cast doubt
on his suitability for government office. 这些事件必定使人对
他是否适合担任政府职务产生疑问。4 [(as, in)] to give an act-
ing part to (a person) or choose actors for (a play)分派〔某人)
扮演角色；为〔戏剧〕选演员：The director cast me as a mad
scientist. 导演分派我扮演一个发狂的科学家。| Who is casting
this play?这部戏由谁在选演员？ 5 to make (a vote) in an elec-
tion （选举中）投 （票） ：The TV news showed the vice-president
casting his vote. 电视新闻中出现了副总统投票的镜头。6 to
make (an object) by pouring (hot metal or plastic) into a shaped
container (MOULD)铸造；浇铸； to cast bronze 浇铸青铜 | to
cast a statue 铸造一尊塑像 7 to calculate (a HOROSCOPE) 推算
(天宫图)，占星，占卜 8 cast your net wide to spread your ef-
forts in all directions when trying to find someone or some-
0256
thing 想尽方法寻找，千方百计搜罗：If we want the best person
for the job, we must cast our net as wide as possible by ad
vertising in all the papers, 如果我们要为这项工作找最合适的
人选，那就必须尽量扩大寻找范围，在所有的报纸上刊登征聘广
告。- — see also 另见 the die is cast (DIE2) 9 cast pearls before
swine to say useful or nice things to people who cannot appre-
ciate them 明珠暗投；对牛弹琴
cast about/around for sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态]
to search or look for in all directions 到处寻找，搜寻
cast sbdy.  away phr v [T usually pass. 一般用被动语态]
to leave somewhere as the result of a shipwreck〔因船失事而〕
使漂流：We were cast away on an island without food or water. 
我们因船只失事而漂流到了一个孤岛上，没有食物也没有水。-
see also另见 CASTAWAY
cast sbdy. → down phr v [T usually pass. 一般用被动语态]
to make sad or disappointed 使沮丧，使失望，使气馁
cast (sthg. ) off phr v [I; T] 1 a (of a boat or ship) to be set
free on the water by a rope being untied （船只）解缆 b to set (a
boat or ship) free by untying a rope 解缆放船 2 to finish mak-
ing a piece of KNITTING by removing (stitches) from the needle
in such a way that the garment does not come undone 〔编织)收
针
cast (sthg. ) on phr v [I; T] to start a piece of KNITTING by
putting (the first stitches) onto a needle〔编织)起针
cast sbdy. /sthg.  out phr v [T (of] especially lit or old use
to drive out or away; EXPEL【尤文或旧】逐出，驱逐 — see also
另见OUTCAST
cast2n 1 [C+sing. /pl. v] the actors in a play, film etc 〔一部戏或
影片中的)演员，演员阵容：The cast islare waiting on the stage. 
全体演员正在舞台上等候。| The film has a strong cast that
includes several famous names. 这部影片有很强的演员阵容，
其中包括几位著名影星。2 [C] an act of throwing something. 
especially a fishing line 投，掷，抛，扔〔尤指抛出钓丝〕；撒网，
垂钓3 [C] a hard stiff protective covering for holding a bro
ken bone in place while it gets better. People with an arm or
leg in a cast often get their friends to write their names or a
message on the cast. 〔固定骨折用的〕石膏〔一条手臂或腿上打了
石膏的人常叫他们的朋友在石膏上写上名字或一句话)：He's got
his leg in a plaster cast. 他的腿打了石膏。| Do you want to
sign my cast?你想在我的石膏上签名吗？ 4 [C] an object made
by being cast (CAST'(6)) in a specially shaped container
(MOULD)铸件，模压品：plaster casts of the statues 石膏塑像
5 [C] a small pile of earth thrown out of the ground by worms
when they make a hole 〔蚯蚓等挖洞翻到地面上的〕泥土堆 6 [S]
fml appearance, type, or character【正式】容貌，外观；特征；类
型；气质，倾向：the noble cast of his features 他相貌的高贵特
质| a philosophical cast of mind 具哲理倾向的头脑
cas·ta·nets /kaeste`ncts;kaeste'nets/ n [P] a musical instru-
ment made from two round pieces of hard wood, plastic etc
fastened to the thumb by a string and played by being knocked
together by the other fingers. Castanets are thought to be typi-
cal of southern Spain and Mexico. 响板〔响板被认为是典型的
西班牙南部和墨西哥的乐器〕
cast·a·way /kaeste we; 'ka:stewei/n a person who escapes from
a shipwreck and reaches the shore of a strange country or lonely
island. The most famous castaway in English literature is
Robinson Crusoe. 逃离沉船后漂流到异乡或孤岛的人〔英国文学
中最著名的是鲁宾逊·克鲁索〕 — see also 另见 CAST away
caste /kaest; ka:st/ n [C; U] (any of the groups in) the system by
which Indian society is divided up into different classes, ac-
cording to the principles of Hinduism〔印度社会的〕种姓（制
度)，世袭的社会等级（制度）
cas·tellat. ed /kaeste letid; 'kaestleitd/ adj tech (of a building)
having defences like a castle; made to look like a castle【术语】
〔建筑物〕有城堡式防御设施的，构造如城堡的
cast·er, -or /kaeste;'ka:ste/ n 1 a small metal or plastic wheel
fixed to the base of a piece of furniture so that it can be easily
moved〔家具脚下的〕滚轮，脚轮 2 BrE【英】‖shaker AmE【尤
美】a container with small holes in the top from which sugar, 
salt etc may be evenly spread over foods(盖上有小孔，用来装
糖、盐等的〕调味瓶
caster sug·ar /'· ·/ castor sugar BrE【英】‖ granulated
sugar AmE【美】n [U] very fine white sugar usually used in
cooking 细白砂糖 — compare 比较 GRANULATED
cast·i·gate /`kaeste get; 'kaestgeit/ v [T] fml【正式】1 to punish
or speak to severely 惩戒；斥责 2 to express strong disapproval
of (a person, behaviour, or ideas)谴责，强烈反对 -- -gation
/, kaeste`gefen; kaest'geifan/n[U]
ast·ing /kaestin; 'ka:stin/ n 1 [C] an object shaped by being
CAST1(6)模压品，铸件 2 [U] the process of choosing actors
for a play or film 挑选演员，分派角色
casting vote /，· '/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] a deciding
vote (usually belonging to the person in charge of a meeting, 
committee etc)used when both sides have an equal number of
votes〔赞成与反对票数相等时，主持人所投的〕决定性一票
cast i. ron /，·/n [U] a hard but easily breakable type of iron
铸铁
cast-i·ron adj1 made of cast iron 铸铁制的 2 infml【非正式】
a strong or insensitive 坚硬的；强健的；不敏感的：She has a
cast-iron stomach and can eat anything. 她有个强健的胃，什
么东西都能吃。b impossible to question or doubt 不容置疑的，
难以推翻的：a cast-iron excuse 理由充分的借口
castle 城堡
barbican 外堡
turret
battlements
角楼
城垛
drawbridge
portcullis
moat
吊桥
吊门，吊闸
壕沟
*cas. tle /kaesl; 'ka:sal/ n 1 a large strongly built building or set
of buildings made in former times as a safe place that could
easily be defended against attack 城堡；要塞：Windsor Castle
温莎城堡 2 also 又作 rook - a powerful CHESS piece 〔国际象
棋中的〕车〔城堡形棋子) 3 castles in the air plans, hopes, de-
sires etc that will probably not become realities; DAYDREAMS
空中楼阁，空想
Cas. tle·maine XXXX /，kaeslmen for`ks; ka:salmein. fo:r
'eks/ trademark a type of Australian LAGER (=light-coloured
beer)popular in the UK【商标】卡索曼4X啤酒〔一种畅销英国
的澳大利亚淡啤酒〕
cast-off /'/ adj [A] (especially of clothes) unwanted by the
original owner and thrown away〔尤指衣服〕被丢弃的，无用的，
废弃的 - castoff /`kaest, of; 'ka:stof/ n [usually pl. 一般用复
数]：She gave her castoffs to her younger sister. 她把自己的旧
衣服给了妹妹。 — see also 另见 HAND-ME-DOWN
cast·or /`kaeste; 'ka:ste/ n a CASTER 脚轮；调味瓶
Cas. tor and Pol. lux /，kaeste end `paleks; ka:ster end 'poleks/
in ancient Greek and Roman stories, two brothers who were
TWINS (=two children born at the same time), and who had
many adventures. The group of stars known as GEMINI or the
Heayenly Twins is named after them. 卡斯托耳与波鲁克斯〔古
希腊和罗马传说中一对历经千险的孪生兄弟，双子星座就是因他
们而得名的〕
castor oil /··V n [U] a thick yellowish medicinal oil made
from the castor-oil plant and used especially as a LAXATIVE
Many people who are now adults were given castor oil regu-
larly as children and remember it for its unpleasant taste. 〔可用
作轻泻剂的〕蓖麻油〔许多成年人小时候经常服用，现在还记得它
难吃的味道
castor sug·ar /'·，·/ n [U] CASTER SUGAR 细白砂糖
castrate /`kaestret; kae'streit/ v [T] 1 to remove all or part of
the sex organs of (a male animal or person)阉割〔动物、人)
2 to make (a man) lose his sense of being male 使·. 丧失男子
气--tration /kaes`trefen;kae'streifan/ n[U]
Cas. tro /`kaestro; 'kaestreu/. Fidel /fi`dl; fi'del/ (1927-)a
Cuban COMMUNIST leader who led the opposition to the DIC-
TATOR BATISTA, and forced him to leave the country in 1954
Castro then became Prime Minister of Cuba, and later its
President. He is known for always wearing military clothes
and having a long BEARD. 卡斯特罗〔(1927-)，古巴共产主义
领袖，曾领导人们反对独裁者巴蒂斯塔，并于1954年迫使他逃离
古巴，卡斯特罗便成为了古巴总理以及后来的主席。他以常着戎
装、留长胡子而著称〕
Castro, the an area in San Francisco which is known for being
a fashionable place where many HOMOSEXUALs live 卡斯特罗
〔位于旧金山一地区，这是一个有许多同性恋者居住的时髦之地〕
Cas·trol /`kaestrol; 'kaestrpl/ trademark a British company that
produces oil for car engines【商标】嘉实多公司〔英国一汽车发
动机润滑油制造商〕
cas. u. al /kae3uel; 'kae3uel/ adj 1 showing or feeling little inter-
est 漫不经心的；随随便便的：His casual manner/attitude an-
0257
noyed her. 他漫不经心的态度使她恼火。| She tried to sound
casual, but her excitemen was obvious, 她竭力让自己讲话的
语调听起来好像很随便的样子，但她的激动是显而易见的。|Even
to the most casual observer it was obvious she was sick. 即使
最大意的人也看得出她显然是生病了。2 without a clear aim, 
olan, or intention; not serious or thorough 漫无目的的，随便
的，不认真的，不彻底的，马马虎虎的：I took a casual glance at
te article. 我随便浏览了一下那篇文章。| not a real lecture, 
just a few casual remarks 不是真正的演说，只是随便说几句话
而已3(of clothes)intended for informal situations or occasions
〔衣服〕便装的，非正式场合穿的：casual shoes 便鞋 4 [A] a es
pecially BrE (of workers) employed for a short period of time
【尤英】〔工人)临时的，短期的：They employ casual labour to
pick the fruit. 他们雇用临时工采摘水果。 b doing something
only on some occasions but not regularly〔做事〕不定期的，不
固定的：casual readers of the paper 报纸的不定期读者| ca. 
sual users of the library service 图书馆不固定的使用者 5 now
rare resulting from chance【现罕】偶然的，碰巧的：a casual
meeting 巧遇 — ~ly adv: casually dressed 穿着随便的 — ~ness
n[U]
casual sex /，· '/ n [U] the act of sex without the thought o
forming a lasting relationship 不负责任的性行为
cas·u·al·ty /`kae3uelti; 'kae3uelti/n 1 [C] a person hurt in an
accident or killed or wounded in battle〔事故中的〕受伤者；〔战
斗中的)死者；伤者：There were ten serious casualties in the
train crash. 在火车相撞事故中，有十人受重伤。| Their army
suffered heavy casualties. (=many of the soldiers were killed
or wounded) 他们的军队伤亡惨重。| She read through the
casualty list anxiously. 她焦虑地把伤亡人员名单从头到尾看了
遍。2 [C] a person or thing that has suffered loss or destruc-
tion as a result of a particular event〔某一特殊事件造成的〕受害
者；牺牲品；损失的物品：The new school was never finished: it
was a casualty of the recent spending cuts. 新学校一直没有竣
工，它是近来削减经费开支的受害者。3[U]BrE【英】‖emer·
gency room AmE【美】a place in a hospital where people hurt
in accidents are taken for treatment 急救室：They rushed her
to casualty but she was dead on arrival. 他们赶紧把她送往急
救室，但她到达时已死去了
Casualty a British television DRAMA programme about the
doctors, nurses, and medical students who work in the casu-
alty department of a hospital《急救室》〔英国电视剧，讲述在一
家医院急救室工作的医生、护士以及医学院学生的故事〕-com-
pare 比较 ER
cas·u·ist /`kae3uist; 'kae3ust/ n fml derog a person skilled in
casuistry【正式，贬】诡辩家--istic /kae3u`istik;kae3u'istik/
--istical adj--istically /-kli;-kli/ adv
cas·u·is. try /`kae3uistri; 'kae3ustri/ n [U] fml, often derog false
but clever use of arguments and reasoning, especially when
dealing with cases of conscience, law, or right and wrong
behaviour【正式，常贬】诡辩
ca-sus bel-li /keses `belai; ka:ses 'beli/ n casus belli tech Lat
an event or political action which directly causes a declaration
of war【术语，拉丁】导致宣战的事件，开战的理由，宣战的原因
*cat /kaet; kaet/ n 1 a small four-legged animal with soft fur and
sharp CLAWS, often kept as a pet or for catching mice and rats. 
A young cat is called a kitten. 猫 — see also 另见 MANX CAT. 
MIAOW, PURR
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 People usually think tha
a cat's favourite foods are milk, cream, and fish. In CAR
TOONS they are usually shown chasing a mouse or running
away from a dog. People sometimes say that a cat has nine
lives, meaning that it always seems to stay alive and un-
hurt even in dangerous situations. In the UK, some people
believe it is good luck for a black cat to walk in front of
you; in the US, however, people think this is unlucky. 
们一般认为猫爱吃牛奶、奶油和鱼。在卡通片中，它们一般被
画成正在追逐老鼠或跑着躲开狗的样子。人们有时说猫有九
命，意思是它即使在危险的境地也能活命并且毫发不伤。在英
国, 有人认为如果面前有一只黑猫走过会走运:但在美国、人
们认为这会带来不幸
2 an animal related to this, such as the lion or tiger猫科动物
<如狮、虎等> — see also 另见 BIG CAT 3 BrE derog a mean
unpleasant woman【英，贬】心地恶毒的女人 4 a cat-o'-nine tails
九尾鞭〔旧时的一种鞭笞刑具〕5 AmE Cat got your tongue?
(used to tease someone when they are expected to speak and
do not)【美】猫吃你的舌头了吗？[用于取笑某人应该说话却不作
声)6 let the cat out of the bag infml to tell a secret, especially
unintentionally【非正式】〔尤指无意中〕泄露秘密 7 like a cat on
hot bricks BrE【英】‖ like a cat on a hot tin roof AmE【美】
infml very nervous or anxious and unable to keep still or keep
your attention on one thing【非正式】焦躁不安，心神不定，如热
锅上的蚂蚁 8 play cat and mouse with to continually nearly
catch (someone), and then allow them to escape; TEASE 把. 
当作玩物，愚弄〔某人)9 BrE put/set the cat among the pigeons
to cause trouble, especially by doing or saying something that
is unexpected or excites strong feeling【英】〔尤指以唐突或引
人反感的言行〕惹出乱子，引起轩然大波10 when the cat's
away, the mice will play saying when the person in authority
is away, the other people will enjoy themselves【谚】猫儿一跑
老鼠闹：山中无老虎，猴子称大王11 someone looks like some-
thing the cat brought/dragged in spoken used in order to say
that someone looks very untidy or ill, and unattractive【口】像
猫叼来的东西似的〔指人看上去很狼狈或病得厉害)：Sit down
and have a rest - you look like something the cat brought in. 
坐下来休息一下—你看上去像猫叼来的东西似的。|They
lookec at me as if I was something the cat had dragged in. 他
们看着我，好像我是刚被猫叼来的东西似的。一 see also 另见
CAT-AND-DOG, FAT CAT, rain cats and dogs (RAIN2 (4)， not
enough room to swing a cat (ROOM1(6)
cat·a. clys. m /kaete klizem: 'kaeteklizam/ n fml a violent and
sudden event or change, especially a serious flood or
EARTHQUAKE【正式】（地壳的）剧变〔尤指洪水或地震〕；大动乱，
大变动 — ~ic /，kaete`klizmik;kaete'klizmik/adj
cat·a·comb /kaete, kom;'kaeteku:m/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数]
an underground burial place made up of many passages and
rooms 地下墓穴
cat·a·falque /`kaete faelk; 'kaetefaelk/ n a decorated raised stage
on which a dead body may be placed before an official funeral
灵柩台
cat·a·lep. sy /`kaete lepsi; 'kaetelepsi/ n [U] med an illness in
which a person can no longer control movement of their body. 
and their limbs either become stiff as in death or else remain in
whatever position they are placed【医】强直性昏厥，倔强症 - -tic
/, kaete`leptik;kaete'leptik/ adj
cat·a·logue'‖ also 又作 -log AmE【美】/`kaetl og; 'kaetelog/n a
list of places, names, objects, goods etc (often with informa-
tion about them) put in a special order so that they can be found
easily〔人名、地名、货物等的〕目录（册），一览表：Look in the
catalogue to see whether the library has this book. 查一查目
录，看看图书馆里是否有此书。|(fig. 喻) the latest addition to
the catalogue of terrorist crimes 恐怖主义罪行录上的最新补
充 | I saw some slacks I like in the Sears catalog. 我在西尔斯
商品目录中看中了几条便裤。
catalogue2| also 又作 -log AmE【美】v [T] to make a catalogue
of (goods, objects etc) or list in a catalogue 为〔货物、物品等〕
编目录，把·列入目录中；登记分类
ca. tal. y. sis /ke`taelesis; ke'taelss/n [U] the process of quick-
ening a chemical activity by adding a catalyst 催化作用
cat-a. lyst /`kaetl-ist; 'kaetl-st/ n 1 a substance which, without
itself changing, quickens chemical processes 催化剂，触媒 2 a
person, thing, or event that causes changes to happen, but with-
out taking part in those changes 促进因素；有感染力的人，能激
发对方的人：The First World War served as a catalyst for
major social changes in Europe. 第一次世界大战对欧洲许多
重大社会变革起了促进作用。--lytic /，kaetl`itik;kaetel'itik
adj
catalytic con·ver·ter /，·. '·/ n a piece of equipment fitted to
the EXHAUST PIPE of a car that reduces the amount of poison-
ous gas sent out into the air when the engine is running 〔装在
汽车排气管上的)催化式排气净化器
cat·a·ma·ran /kaeteme`raen;, kaeteme'raen/ n a boat with a flat
surface (DECK) supported by two narrow parallel HULLS
(=floating surfaces), like two boats fastened together 双体船
cat-and-dog // adj [A] infml full of quarrels and arguments
【非正式】不和睦的，争吵不休的：In the early years of their
marriage they had led a cat-and-dog existence/life. 在婚后的
最初几年，他们曾度过一段争吵不休的日子
cat·a·pult'/`kaete pvlt; 'kaetepvlt/ n1 BrE【英】‖ slingshot AmE
【美】- a small Y-shaped stick with a rubber band fastened
between the forks, used by children to shoot small stones〔小
孩玩的)弹弓2 a machine for throwing heavy stones, balls etc. 
used in former times as a weapon for breaking down defensive
walls〔古代用以攻城、能弹射大石头等的〕石弩，弩炮
catapult2v[T+obj+adv/prep] to fire (as if) from a catapult用
弩炮发射：The attackers catapulted stones against the town
wall. 攻击者用弩炮发射石块攻打城墙。| The car stopped sud
denly and I was catapulted through the windscreen, 汽车突
然急刹车，我撞破挡风玻璃被抛了出去。|(fig. 喻) She was cata-
0258
pulted to stardom by the success of her first record, 由于灌制
的第一张唱片获得成功，她一下子就成了名歌星。
cat·a·ract /`kaete raekt; 'kaetoraekt/ n 1 a large waterfall 大瀑布
2 med a disease of the eye in which the LENS becomes clouded
and causes a gradual loss of sight【医】白内障
ca-tarrh /ke`tar; ke'ta:/ n [U] a flow of thick liquid, especially
in the nose and throat, which causes a feeling of discomfort, as
when one has a cold 卡他，〔鼻、咽等的〕黏膜炎：He suffers from
chronic catarrh. 他患了慢性黏膜炎。 — ~al adi
ca·tas. tro·phe /ke`taestrefi; ke'taestrefi/ n a sudden, unexpected. 
and terrible event that causes great suffering, misfortune, or
ruin〔突然发生的〕灾祸，灾难：惨事；严重的不幸：The flood was
a major catastrophe, causing heavy loss of life. 洪水是一场大
灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。| (fig. 喻) The party could be head-
ing for catastrophe in the election, 该党可能会在选举中遭到
惨败。— -phic /kaete`strafik;kete'strpfik/ adj - -phically
/-klI; -kli/ ady; the catastrophic consequences of a war 战争
的灾难性后果
cat. a. ton. ic /kaete`tanik;kaete'tonik/ adj suffering from or
being in a state of CATALEPSY(患)倔强症的，（患）强直性昏厥
的：a catatonic trance 强直性昏厥状态
cat bur. glar /'. ·/n a thief who enters and leaves a building by
climbing up walls, pipes etc〔爬墙、攀水管等入屋行窃的〕飞贼
cat-call /kaet kol; 'kaetko:l/ n a loud whistle or cry expressing
disapproval or displeasure, made at events like theatre per-
formances and sports matches〔表示反对或喝倒彩的〕口哨声：嘘
声；尖叫声 - catcallν[I]
*catch1 /kaetf; kaetf/ v caught /kot; ko:t/ 1 [T] to get hold of and
stop (a moving object) 抓住，截住，接住：I threw the ball, and
the dog caught it in his mouth. 我把球抛出，狗用嘴接住了球。
2 [T] to trap, especially after chasing or hunting; CAPTURE逮
住，捉住，捕获：The cat caught a mouse. 猫捉到了一只老鼠。|
to catch a fish in a net 用网捕了一条鱼 | They drove off after
the thieves but couldn't catch them. 他们驱车追窃贼，但未能
抓住他们。| The police are confident that the murderer will
be caught. 警方有把握将凶手擒获。3 [T] to discover suddenly
and by surprise (especially someone who is doing something
wrong)撞见，突然发现；当场抓住〔某人正在干坏事)：I caught
him in the act (of reading my diary). 他（在偷看我的日记时）
恰好让我撞见了。| [+obj+v-ing] The police caught him steal-
ing a car. 他在偷汽车时被警察当场抓住。| You won't catch
me mending his socks for him! (=I'll never do that)我是决不
会做出给他补袜子那种事的！ | The thieves were caught red-
handed, (=were found while actually stealing)那些小偷在作
案时被当场捉住。| (fig. 喻) This kind of cancer can be cured, 
provided it is caught early. (=if its existence is discovered at
an early stage)这种癌症如能在早期发现，是可以治愈的。4 [T]
to be in time for 及时赶上：We had to run fast in order to
catch the train. 我们为了赶上那趟火车就只好快跑。| If you
post the letter now, you'll just catch the last collection. 如果
你现在就投邮，正好可以赶上最后一趟收信。| If we go home
now, we might just catch the 10 o'clock news, 如果我们现在
就回家，也许正好能赶上10点钟的新闻节目。 — opposite 反义
词 miss 5 [T] to get (an illness); become infected with 患〔病)：
感染上··：to catch a cold伤风 6 [I; T] to (cause to) become
hooked, held, fastened, or stuck(使)被钩住：（使）被绊住：（使）
被卡住；（使） 被缠住：My skirt caught in the door/got caught in
the door. 我的裙子被门夹住了。| I caught my dress on a nail. 
我的连衣裙给钉子钩住了。| I got my finger caught in the wire
fence. 我的手指头卡在铁丝网里了。| (fig. 喻) The company is
caught between the need to invest more money and the need
to keep costs as low as possible. 公司陷入了既需要增加投资，
又需要尽可能压缩费用的两难境地。7[T] to attract(especially
interest or attention)引起〔尤指兴趣、注意)：The unusual pan-
elling on the walls caught our attention. 墙上不同寻常的镶板
引起了我们的注意。| The idea caught her imagination. 这个
主意促发了她的想像力。| I'd like another drink; try to catch
the waiter's eye. (=look at him to attract his attention)我还想
再喝一杯，递个眼色叫服务员过来吧。8 [T not in progressive
forms 不用进行式] to get or notice for a moment〔短暂地〕见
到，注意到；得到：I suddenly caught sight of her in the crowd
我突然在人群中看见了她。| The fans waited at the airport, 
hoping to catch a glimpse of their idol as he passed through
歌迷守候在机场，盼望着他们崇拜的偶像从那里经过时能看上他—
眼。| Try to catch a bit of sleep on the journey. 试着在旅途中
抓紧时间打个盹。9 [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式]
to hear clearly and/or understand 听清楚，听明白，理解，领悟：I
didn't quite catch your last point - could you say it again?
你讲的最后一点我没听太明白——你能再说一遍吗？|What did
she say? I didn't catcl it. 她说了什么?我没听懂。 10 [T] to
give a good representation of (a quality) in a picture, piece of
writing etc〔美术、摄影等〕完美地表现；〔作品等〕生动地描写：The
novel catches the mood of pre-war Britain very well. 这部小
说生动地刻画出战前英国的社会气氛。| The photograph
catches her smile perfectly. 这张照片把她的微笑完美地表现出
来。11 [I] to start to burn 着火，开始燃烧：The wind was so
strong that the fire caught quickly. 风很大，火很快就燃了起
来。— see 参见 FIRE (USAGE) 12 [T (OUT) often pass. 常用被
动语态](in cricket) to end (a player's) turn to BAT by taking
and holding a ball hit off the BAT before it touches the ground
〔板球未着地前〕接住球而使〔击球手〕出局13[T+obj+adv/prep]
to hit (a person or animal); strike 打〔人、动物)；击中； I caught
him on the chin with a heavy punch. 我一拳猛击，正打中他的
下巴。14[I] act as CATCHER in baseball〔棒球运动中)当接手：
Who's catching for the Yankees today?今天谁为扬基队当接
手？15 catch as catch can to survive in a bad situation by
doing whatever you can〔为渡过困境而〕抓住一切机会；不择手
段地：It's been catch as catch can for him ever since he lost
his job. 他自从失业后什么都做。 16 catch fire to start burning
着火 17 catch it infml to be in trouble for doing something
wrong【非正式】〔因做错事而〕挨骂，受责备，受罚：We'll really
catch it from the teacher if we're late again. 我们如果再迟
到，可真得挨老师骂了。18 catch your breath: a to stop breath-
ing for a moment from surprise, fear, shock etc〔由于吃惊、害
怕等而)屏息，暂时停止呼吸：The news was so unexpected l
caught my breath from shock. 这消息太出乎意料了，我吓得一
下子喘不过气来。b to return to your usual rate of breathing
after hard physical effort 缓口气，歇口气：Let me sit down for
a moment while I catch my breath. 让我坐下来喘口气吧。19
catch you later spoken used when you have to end a conver-
sation with someone suddenly in order to say that you will
have a chance to talk more when you see them again【口】下次
再谈〔必须突然中止与人谈话时说的话，表示下次见面时有机会详
谈) ：I have a class now, but I'll catch you later, okay?我现在
有一节课。下次再谈，好吗？| Enjoy your trip. Catch you later, 
maybe. 旅途愉快，下次有机会再谈。
catch at sthg. phr v [T] to try to take or hold 试图抓住：A
drowning man will catch at anything, even a straw. 快淹死的
人碰到什么抓什么，哪怕是一根稻草。
catch on phr ν [I] 1 to become popular or fashionable 流行，
风行，受欢迎：It was a popular style in Britain, but it never
really caught on in America. 当时在英国这是时髦式样，但在
美国却从来没有真正流行开。2[(to)] to begin to understand(开
始)明白，了解到：It was a long time before the police caught
on to what he was really doing. 过了好长时间警方才搞清楚他
其实在干什么。
catch sbdy.  out phr v [T (in)] BrE to show (someone) to
be doing something wrong or making a mistake【英】指出，看
出，识破〔错误)：The prosecuting lawyer tried to catch the
witness out by clever questioning. 原告律师试图以巧妙的盘问
找出证人的漏洞
catch up phr v 1 [I (with); T (=catch sbdy. /sthg. up)] to
come up from behind and reach the same point or level as赶
上，追上：You walk on and I'll catch up with you later/(espe-
cially BrE 尤英) I'll catch you up later. 你往前走吧，我过一会
儿就追上你。| At the moment, our technology is more ad-
vanced than theirs, but they are catching up (with us) fast. 目
前，我们的技术比他们的先进，但是他们正在很快地赶上来。2[I
(on)] to do what needs to be done in order to come up to date
赶做〔应及时完成的工作)：I have to catch up on my work to-
night, so I can't come out. 今天晚上我得赶工作，不能出来 （玩）
了。| I've been away from school for two weeks, so I've got a
lot of catching up to do. 我离开学校已经两个星期，所以有大量
功课要赶着补做。3 caught up in included in, often against your
wishes; INVOLVED in 被卷入·的，陷入·的：The government
got caught up in a bitter dispute between the miners and their
employers. 政府被卷入矿工和雇主之间的一场激烈的争执之中。
catch2n 1 [C] an act of seizing and holding something thrown
or hit, especially a ball〔对抛出、打出的东西〕抓，接；〔尤指〕接
球: a good catch 一个漂亮的接球 2 [C] (the amount of) some-
thing caught 捕获量；捕获物：The boat brought back a big catch
of fish. 这条船捕鱼满载而归。| (infml 非正式) Her husband
was a good catch - he's rich and attractive. 她可捞到了一个
好丈夫——既有钱，又长得英俊。3[C] a hook or other appara-
tus for fastening something or holding it shut 锁钩；挂钩，吊扣：
The catch on this door is broken. 这扇门上的吊扣坏了。— see
also 另见 SAFETY CATCH 4 [C] infml a hidden problem or
difficulty;SNAG【非正式】隐患，圈套，陷阱，诡计；意料不到的障
碍：That house is extremely cheap; there must be a catch in/
to it somewhere! 那房子卖得这么便宜，这里面一定有些古怪。|
0259
The salary is fantastic, but the catch is that you have to spend
sx months of the year in the Antarctio. 薪水高得出奇, 可是其
中的圈套就在于，你1年里得有6个月在南极工作。 — see also
另见 CATCH-22 5 [U] a simple game in which two or more
people throw a ball to each other 接球游戏：Let's play catch
我们来玩抛球接球吧！
catch-22 /kaetf twenti`tu;kaetf twenti'tu:/ n [U] (often cap. 常
用大写)a situation from which one is prevented from escaping
by something that is part of the situation itself(from the title
of a book by Joseph Heller about the experiences of an Ameri-
can airforce pilot)无可奈何的矛盾状态，不可逾越的障碍，无法
摆脱的困境〔源自约瑟夫·海勒关于一位美国空军飞行员经历的小
说书名)：I can't get a job unless I belong to the union, and I
can't join the union until I've got a job- it's a case of catch. 
22/it's a catch-22 situation!我不是工会会员便找不到工作；但
只有我有了工作，我才能加入工会——这可真是个无法摆脱的困
局！
catch-all1 /'/n AmE something to hold or catch various small
items, such as a bag or a drawer【美】〔包或抽屉等〕放各种小东
西的容器
catch-all2 adj [A] intended to include or take account of all
ypes, situations, or possibilities 包罗[考虑到]一切情况的，包
罗万象的，多用途的； a vague catch-all clause in the contract
to protect the rights of the author 合同中一条有关维护作者权
益的不大明确而包罗万象的条款
catch crop /'/n a quick-growing vegetable crop planted be
tween two rows of another crop to use soil not otherwise used
间种作物，填闲作物 — compare 比较CASH CROP
catch. er /`kaetfo; 'kaetfe/ n in BASEBALL, the defensive player
who stands behind the BATTER〔棒球运动中的)接手
Catcher in the Rye, The /. . . '/ a book by J. D. SALINGER
about a boy called Holden CAULFIELD who runs away from
school and goes to New York. The book has been especially
popular with young people because it describes the problems
and experiences of ADOLESCENCE (=the time when a child is
developing into an adult). 《麦田里的守望者》〔J. D. 塞林格所著
的一本书，讲述一位名叫霍尔登·考尔菲尔德的男孩从学校出逃到
纽约的故事。该书描述了青少年的问题和经历，因此尤其受年轻人
喜爱〕
catch·ing /'kaetfin; 'kaetfin/ adj [F] infml (of a disease) in-
fectious【非正式】〔疾病〕传染（性）的
catch. ment ar. e. a /`kaetfment, crie; 'kaetfment ，earie/ n 1 the
area from which a lake or river gets its water〔为江、湖等供水
的〕集水区，汇水盆地 2 the area from which a school gets its
pupils, a hospital gets its patients etc〔学校〕学生来源的区域：
〔医院〕病人集中的地区：服务对象集中区
catch·pen. ny /`kaetf, peni; 'kaetf, peni/ adj [A] derog cheap and
worthless, but made to appear attractive【贬】花哨而不值钱的
catch-phrase /`kaetf frez; 'kaetffreiz/ n a phrase, often with little
meaning, which becomes fashionable and widely used for a
time〔流行一时但往往意义浮浅的〕时髦话，新奇的词句
catch-word /kaetf w3d; 'kaetfw3:d/ n a word or phrase repeated
so regularly that it becomes representative of a political party. 
newspaper etc;SLOGAN〔政党、报纸等的〕代表性口号，标语
catchy/kaetfi: 'kaetfi/ adi (of a tune or song) easy to remember
曲调、歌曲〕容易记住的：a catchy song 一首好记的歌 - -ily adv
cat·e·chis. m /`kaete kizem; 'kaet kizam/ n a set of questions
and answers, often in the form of a small book, used for reli-
gious instruction in some branches of the Christian church〔基
督教的〕教理问答（教本）- -chist n
cat·e·chize also 又作 -chise BrE【英】/`kaete kaiz; 'kaetkaiz/
T] to teach (someone) religion by a process of question and
answer 用问答法向〔某人〕传授教义
cat·e. gor. i. cal /kaete`gorikl;kaet'gorikal/ adj unconditional;
made without any doubt in the mind of the speaker or writer绝
对的，无条件的，断言的，确信无疑的，明确的：a categorical
statement/assurance明确的声明:绝对的保证| The goverl-
ment has issued a categorical denial of this rumour. 政府对
这一谣言断然否定。 — ~ly /-kli; -kli/ adv: He categorically
denied having seen it. 他断然否认曾经看到过它
cat·e·go·rize also 又作 -rise BrE【英】/`kaetege raiz; 'kaetgeraiz/
ν [T (as)] to put in a category; CLASSIFY 把·归类；把··列作：
His politics are fairly left-wing, but he doesn't like to be cat
egorized as a socialist. 他的政治观点相当左倾，但他却不愿被
列为社会主义者。| Her writing is very individual -- it's diffi-
cult to categorize. 她作品的风格十分独特 ——很难将其归类，
--rization /kaetegerai`zefen;kaetgerai'zeifan/n [C;U]
cat. e. go. ry /kaete gori; 'kaetgari/ n a division or class in a sys
tem for dividing objects into groups according to their nature
or type 类型，类别，种类；范畴：The voters fall into three main
categories: Republicans, Democrats, and 'Don't Knows'. 选
民分成三大类：共和党、民主党以及“不知道哪个党”的。
ca·ter kete: 'keite/y [I; T] to provide and serve food and drinks. 
usually for payment, at a public or private party rather than in
a restaurant 承包伙食；（为··）承办酒席：Who's catering at your
daughter's wedding/(especially AmE尤美) Who's catering yout
daughter's wedding? 谁承办你女儿的婚宴？ — see also 另见
SELF CATERING — ~er n: a firm of caterers 承办酒席的公司
cater for sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to provide what is needed or
wanted by 为··提供服务：迎合[满足]··的要求； a holiday com
pany that caters mainly for young people 一家主要为年轻人
提供假日活动的公司 | Our newspapers try to cater for all
opinions. 我们的报纸试图满足各种观点的要求
cater to sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to try to satisfy (desires or needs
especially of a bad kind)投合，迎合〔尤指不良的愿望、需要等)：
Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes. 那些报纸迎合最
低级下流的趣味。| She refused to cater to his ridiculous
demands. 她拒绝迎合他那些荒唐的要求。
cat·er·pil. lar /`kaete pile; 'kaete, pile/n 1 a small long many-
legged wormlike creature (LARVA of the BUTTERFLY and other
insects) which feeds on the leaves of plants 毛虫〔蝴蝶等昆虫
的幼虫)2 also 又作 caterpillar track /'··/ - an endless
chain of metal plates fastened over the wheels of a heavy
vehicle, such as a TANK`(2)〔坦克等的〕履带
caterpillar trac-tor /. . ·/n a large heavy vehicle which moves
along on a CATERPILLAR (2) and is used for farm work, road
repair, or building work 履带式拖拉机
cat·er·waul/`kaete, wol; 'kaetewo:l/ v [I] to make a loud un-
pleasant catlike sound〔像猫一样〕号叫 - caterwaul n [S]
cat flap /'/ n [C] an entrance to the house for your pet cat
consisting of a piece of wood or plastic which hangs down
over a hole at the bottom of the door, and which can swing
open 供家猫进出房屋的吊门〔即开在大门底部，上悬一块能荡开
的木板或塑料板的小洞〕
cat. gut /kaetgvt; 'kaetgvt/ n [U] strong cord made from the IN-
TESTINES of animals, especially sheep, and used for the strings
of musical instruments〔以羊肠等做成用作琴弦等的〕肠线，肠弦
ca. thar-sis /ke`0arsis; ke'0a:ss/ n -ses /-siz; -si:z/ fml or tech
[C; U] the process by which strong and perhaps dangerous feel-
ings are allowed to be experienced, e. g. under the influence of
music or DRAMA, so that they lose their power【正式或术语】
〔通过音乐或戏剧而达到的〕感情净化[宣泄]作用--tic adj:
Watching tragic drama is supposed to have a cathartic effect
on people. 观赏悲剧据认为会对人的感情起净化作用。
Cath. ay Pa. cif. ic /kae0e pe`sifik; kae0ei pe'sifik/ trademark
an AIRLINE (=a company that takes passengers to different
places by plane) based in Hong Kong【商标】〔总部设在香港的〕
国泰航空公司
ca. the. dral /ke`0idrel; ke'0i:drel/ n the chief church of a Chris-
tian DIOCESE (=an area with a BISHOP), usually a very large
beautifully decorated stone structure 教区总教堂，主教座位教
堂；大教堂：Durham Cathedral 达勒姆大教堂| a cathedral
city (=one which has a cathedral)教区总教堂所在城市
Cath. er /`kaeo; 'kaeoe'/, Wil-la /`wile; 'wile/ (1876-1947)a
US writer who grew up in Nebraska at the time when Europe-
ans first went to live there. Her books include O Pioneers and
My Antonia. 凯瑟〔(1876-1947)，美国作家，她在内布拉斯加长
大，当时欧洲人刚到那里定居。其作品包括《哦，拓荒者们》和《我
的安东尼亚》〕
Cath. e. rine of Ar. a. gon /kae0rin ev`eregan; kae0arn ev
aeregen/(1485-1536) the first wife of King Henry VIII of En. 
gland and the mother of Mary I阿拉贡的凯瑟琳〔(1485-1536)
英格兰国王亨利八世的第一任妻子，玛丽一世的母亲〕
Catherine the Great /，. . '/ Catherine II (1729-1796) the
EMPRESS of Russia from 1762 to 1796 who greatly increased
the size of the Russian EMPIRE. She is known for having had
many lovers. 叶卡捷琳娜大帝〔(1729-1796)，俄国女皇，1762年
至1796年间在位，曾大大地扩大了俄国的版图。她以拥有众多
情人著称〕
catherine wheel /'. / n a circular FIREWORK that is pinned to
an upright surface and turns round when set on fire 〔点燃时会
旋转的〕轮转焰火，凯瑟琳车轮式焰火
cath. e. ter /kae0ite; 'kae0te/n a thin tube that is put into pas-
sages in the body, used especially for putting in or taking out
liquids〔医疗用的〕导（液）管
cath·ode /`kae0od; 'kae0eud/ also又作 negative pole - n tech
the part of an electrical instrument (such as a BATTERY) from
which ELECTRONS leave, often a rod or wire represented by
the sign [-]【术语】阴极，负极 — compare 比较 ANODE
cathode ray tube /，. /n a glass instrument in which streams
0260
of ELECTRONS from the CATHODE (cathode rays) are directed
onto a flat surface where they give out light, as in a television
阴极射线管，电子射线管
cath. o. lic /`kae0elik; 'kae0alik/ adj fml (especially of likings and
interests) general; including many different things; broad【正
式】〔爱好、兴趣等〕普遍的，广泛的：catholic opinions/tastes普
遍性的意见：广泛的嗜好 — ~ity/kae0e`liseti;kae0e'listi/n[U]
Catholic' adj 1 belonging to the Roman Catholic Church 天主
教会的：Is she Protestant or Catholic?她是新教教会的还是天
主教会的？2 connected with the Roman Catholic religion 与天
主教有关的：a Catholic school 一所天主教会学校 — see 参见
ROMAN CATHOLIC
Catholic2n someone who belongs to the ROMAN CATHOLIC
Church 天主教徒
cat house /'· ·/ n AmE old-fash a BROTHEL【美，过时】妓院
Cat in the Hat, The /. . . / a popular children's book by DR
SEUSS which is written in RHYME and contains drawings. It is
the story of a strange cat who wears a tall red and white hat
and plays tricks. The same character appears in other books by
Dr. Seuss. 《帽中猫》〔索伊斯博士所著的一部流行儿童读物，它以
顺口溜形式写成并配有插图，讲述一只戴红白高帽、爱搞恶作剧的
怪猫的故事。这角色也出现在索伊斯的其他作品中〕
cat. kin /'kaetkin; 'kaetkin/ n especially BrE a stringlike bunch
of soft small furry flowers that grows on certain trees such as
the WILLOW or BIRCH【尤英】〔柳树和桦树等的〕柔荑花序；杨花
柳絮
cat lit. ter /'. ·/ n [U] a special substance (LITTER'(3b) on
which house cats can empty their bowels 猫沙
cat·nap /`kaetnaep; 'kaetnaep/ n infml a very short light sleep【非
正式】瞌睡，小睡
cat·nip /`kaetnip; 'kaetnip/ n [U] a HERB whose smell is very
attractive to cats 假荆芥，樟脑草〔其香气吸引猫〕
cat-o'-nine-tails /kaet e`naintelz; kaet e 'nain teilz/ also又
作 cat - n a whip of nine knotted cords fastened to a handle, 
used formerly for punishing people 九尾鞭〔旧时的一种鞭笞刑
具〕
Cats /kaets; kaets/ a MUSICAL(=a play that uses singing and danc
ing to tell a story) by Andrew Lloyd WEBBER, which is based
on T. S. ELIOT's Poems about Cats. Cats is one of the most
popular musicals ever written, and has been seen by millions
of people. 《猫》〔安德鲁·劳埃德·韦伯根据T. S. 艾略特的《猫》诗
集创作的一部音乐剧，该剧是有史以来最受人欢迎的音乐剧之一。
上百万人曾经观看过〕
CAT scan /'kaet skaen; 'kaet skaen/ CT scan n an X-RAY image
of the body produced by a CAT scanner, an electronic ma
chine used in a hospital. CAT scans are used to discover
whether there are CANCERS or other diseased parts in someone's
body. The full name of this process is Computerized Axial
Tomography. 电脑化X射线轴向分层造影扫描〔用于探查人体内
是否有癌变或其他病变部位，这一方法的全称是Computerized
Axial Tomography)
cat's cra. dle /，'·/ n [U] a children's game played with string
wound round the fingers and passed from one finger to an-
other to make various shapes 翻绳游戏〔用线绳绕于手指上翻出
各种花样的游戏〕
cat's eye /'/n 1 a small object fixed in the middle of a road
which shines when lit by car lights in the dark〔置于道路中间
黑暗中可借车灯发光的)道路反光装置 2 a valuable stone which
REFLECTS a narrow band of light 猫眼石
Cat. skill Moun. tains, the /，kaetskil `mauntnz; kaetskil
'mauntnz/ also 又作 the Catskills n [pl] a group of moun-
tains in the SE of New York State, US, part of the Appala
chian mountain range. From the 1920s to the 1950s they were
a popular place for people to go on holiday, especially Jewish
people, and there were many large, comfortable hotels there
Many Jewish entertainers worked there before they became
famous. Today it is a popular place for people who live in New
York City to visit at the weekend. 卡茨基尔山脉〔位于美国纽约
州东南部，为阿巴拉契亚山系的一部分。20世纪20至50年代为
人们，尤其是犹太人的旅游胜地。那里有许多大型舒适的旅馆，许
多犹太艺人成名前都曾在此工作过。现在，它是纽约市居民喜爱的
周末去处〕
cat's paw /'/ n infml someone who does unpleasant or dan-
gerous jobs on the orders of another person: TOOL'(3)【非正
式】爪牙，工具，傀儡〔被他人指使干坏事或危险勾当的人〕
cat-suit /kaetsut; 'kaetsu:t/n a tightly fitting garment, worn es-
pecially by women, consisting of a combined top and trousers
〔多为妇女穿的〕紧身连衣裤
cat·sup /`kaetsep; 'kaetsep/ n [U] especially AmE【尤美】=
KETCHUP
cat's whis. kers /， '·/ infml be the cat's whiskers to be an
excellent person or thing【非正式】成为了不起的人：是绝妙的东
西：My new calculator really is the cat's whiskers! 我的新计
算器真的很棒
cat·tail /`kaet-tel; 'kaet-teil/ AmE【美】‖ bulrush BrE【英】— n a
tall grasslike plant with a thick brown top, which grows near
water 宽叶香蒲，水烛，水莞
cat·ter·y /`kaeteri; 'kaeteri/ n BrE a place where cats are looked
after or bred【英】猫窝，养猫场
*cat. tle /'kaetl; 'kaetl/ n [P] cows and BULLS, especially as kept
on farms for meat or milk 〔集合称〕牛 〔指菜牛或奶牛)：He has
twenty (head of) cattle on his farm. 他的农场养有20头牛。|
The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛圈里，
cattle grid /'·/ cattle guard AmE【美】-n a set of poles placed
over a hole in a road, which cars can go across but animals
cannot 拦畜沟栅〔平铺在路中坑洞的若干根木棍，汽车可通过而牲
畜则走不过去〕
cat·tle·man /kaetlmen; 'kaetlmen/ cat·tle·wom·an /kaetlwumen:
'kaetlwumen/ fem. 【阴性】— n -men /-men; -men/ a man who
looks after cattle 养牛人，牧牛工人
cattle mar. ket /'. . / n a place where cattle are bought and
sold 牛市场：(fig. 喻) The Miss World contest is just a cattle
market. 世界小姐选美大赛简直就像一个闹哄哄的牛市场。
cattle truck /'/ n BrE a railway vehicle or a LORRY made to
carry cattle【英】运牛的火车（车厢）[卡车]
cat. ty /kaeti; 'kaeti/ adj infml derog showing a desire to hurt or
harm someone, especially in a way that is not openly or di-
rectly expressed;MALICIOUS【非正式，贬】恶毒的；阴险的；坏心
眼的：She often makes catty remarks about her stepmother
她经常恶毒地说她继母的坏话。- -tily adv - -tiness n [U]
catty-cor·ner /'· ·/ adv AmE for【美】= KITTY-CORNER
Ca. tul. lus /ke`tvles; ke'tvles/, Gai. us Va. ler. i. us /`gaies
ve`liries; 'gaies ve'liaries/ (？84-？54 BC) an ancient Roman poet
known especially for his love poems卡图卢斯〔（公元前？84-
前？54)，古罗马诗人，尤以爱情诗闻名
cat·walk /`kaet, wok; 'kaetwo:k/n a narrow raised footway, es-
pecially along a bridge or round a large machine, or sticking
out into a room for MODELs to walk on in a fashion show 〔桥侧
的〕步行小道；〔机器房中的〕狭窄过道；〔时装表演时模特儿走的〕T
型台
Cau. ca. si·an /ko`ke3en; ko:'keizien/ adj 1 belonging to the race
that has white or pale skin 白种人的 2 from or connected with
the Caucasus 高加索人的；与高加索有关的 - Caucasian n
Cau·ca·sus, the /kokeses; 'ko:keses/ also又作 Caucasia /ko`ke3e;
ko:'keizie/ an area in the extreme SE of Europe between the
Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, which includes Russia, Georgia
Azerbaijan, and Armenia and contains the Caucasus Moun-
tains 高加索〔欧洲最东南一地区，位于黑海和里海之间，包括俄罗
斯、格鲁吉亚、阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚等国以及高加索山脉〕
Caucasus Mountains, the a group of mountains in the
Caucasus in SE Europe, which includes Mount Elbruz, the high-
est mountain in Europe 高加索山脉〔位于欧洲东南高加索地区
山脉，其中包括欧洲最高峰厄尔布鲁士山
cau. cus /`kokes; 'ko:kes/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] (a meeting of) a group
of people in a political party, who come together to decide on
political plans or to choose people who will represent the party
in an election〔政党决定政策或推举竞选人的)核心成员（会议），
决策干部（会议）
cau-dal /`kodl; 'ko:dl/ adj tech of or at the tail or tail-end of the
body【术语】尾部；尾部的，在身体后端的 — ~ly adv
caught /kot; ko:t/ past tense and participle of CATCH
caul-dron, cal-/koldren; 'ko:ldren/n old use or lit a large round
open metal pot for boiling liquids over a fire. In stories. 
WITCHes use cauldrons to make harmful substances. 【旧或文】
〔煮汤用的〕大锅〔传说中，女巫用大锅制造毒物)
Caul-field /'kolfild; 'ko:lfi:ld/, Hol-den /holdn; 'heuldan/ the
main character in the book The CATCHER IN THE RYE by J. D
SALINGER. Holden Cauldfield has a lot of difficult experiences
because he is a TEENAGER. 考尔菲尔德〔J. D. 塞林格小说《麦田
里的守望者》中的主人公，青少年时期经历了种种困苦〕
cau. li-flow. er /kole flaue; 'koli flaue/n [C; U] (the white part. 
cooked and eaten as food, of) a garden vegetable with green
leaves around a large firm white head of undeveloped flowers
花椰菜，菜花
cauliflower ear /·'/n an ear which is damaged and an odd
shape as a result of a blow to the head, especially while boxing
〔尤指拳击时，头部受击而造成的〕开花耳朵
caulk, calk /kok; ko:k/ v [T] to block up (cracks, especially in a
ship) with oily or sticky WATERPROOF material〔用含油或黏性
防水材料〕填塞〔尤指船等的缝隙〕
0261
caus. al /`kozl; 'ko:zal/ adj fml having or showing the relation-
ship of cause and effect【正式】具有〔表明〕因果关系的；构成原
因的：They denied that there was any causal connection/link
between unemployment and crime, 他们不认为失业和犯罪之
间有任何因果关系。 — ~ly adv
cau. sal·i. ty /ko`zaeleti; ko:'zaelati/n [U] fml the relationship
between a cause and its effect; the principle that events have
causes【正式】因果关系；因果性；因果律
cau·sa-tion /ko`zefen; ko:'zeifan/ n [U] fml【正式】1 the action
of causing something 导致；起因，惹起 2 the relationship of
cause and effect; causality 因果关系；因果性；因果律
caus. a·tive /`'kozetiv; 'ko:zetiv/ adj fml【正式】1 acting as a
cause; producing an effect 起因的，成为·的原因的：one of sev-
eral causative factors in the company's failure 造成公司倒闭
的几种原因之一 2 tech (of a verb or verb form) showing that
the subject of the verb is the cause of an action or state【术语】
〔动词或动词形式〕使役的 — ~ly adv
*cause1/koz; ko:z/ n 1 [C (of)] something which produces an
effect; a person, thing, or event that makes something happen
原因，起因：Ice on the road was the cause of the accident. 路
上结冰是造成那次车祸的原因。| In our view, the root cause/
underlying cause of the crime problem (=the most important
cause from which all others come)is poverty and unemployment
我们认为贫困和失业是产生犯罪问题的根本原因。| He is the
cause of all my unhappiness. 他是我所有不幸的根源。2 [U]
something that provides a satisfactory reason for an action;
JUSTIFICATION; GROUNDS 缘故，理由，根据，动机：Don't com
plain without (good) cause. 没有 （充分的） 理由就不要抱怨。
to show cause (=give a good reason) for dismissing a worker
说明解雇工人的充分理由 | The patient's condition is giving
cause for concern. 这个病人的状况令人担心。3 [C] a principle, 
aim, or movement that is strongly defended or supported 事业
原则目标：her lifelong devotion to the cause of women's rights
她对女权运动终生不渝的献身| collecting money for good
causes such as famine relief 为救济饥荒等慈善事业募捐 4 [C
law the reason for action in a court of law; a matter over which
a person takes legal action【律】诉讼事由；诉讼案件 5 make
common cause (with) fml to take action together for a par-
ticular purpose【正式】〔为某目的〕与··齐心合力，与··合作：We
made common cause with neighbouring countries against the
invaders. 我们与诸邻国团结一致，共同抵御外来侵略者。— see
also 另见 LOST CAUSE; see 参见 REASON (USAGE)
cause2v [T] to lead to or be the cause of 成为·. 的原因；导致，弓
起，使发生：What caused the accident?是什么引起那次事故？
They have been charged with causing criminal damage. 他们
被指控造成刑事毁坏。| [+obj+to-v] His illness caused him to
miss the game. 生病使他错过了那场比赛。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)]
This car has caused me a lot of trouble. 这辆汽车已经给我惹
了不少麻烦。| Her irresponsible behaviour has caused a great
deal of anxiety tolfor her family. 她不负责任的行为已经引起
她家庭的莫大忧虑。| They believe inflation is caused by big
wage increases. 他们认为大幅度提高工资是引起通货膨胀的原
因。
USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 cause, make, and 和
let. Cause with an object can be formal or informal. cause
后接宾语可作正式或非正式用法：Cigarettes may cause
cancer. (香烟会引起癌症。) | Why do you always cause
trouble? （你为什么总要惹麻烦？） Cause with an object and
infinitive with to is formal. 而 cause 后接宾语和带 to 的不
定式则是正式用法：The earthquake caused several build-
ings to collapse. (地震造成了好几座建筑物倒塌。)Make
when used with a verb has a similar meaning, but is more
common in conversation, and is followed by an object and
an infinitive without to. make 若与动词连用，其词义与
cause 相近，但 make 在日常会话中更常用，这时它后面接宾
语和不带 to 的不定式：It's a sad film; it'll make you cry
(这是一部悲惨的影片，会使你哭的。)Let(=allow)can be
formal or informal. It is usually followed by an object and
infinitive without to. let 可用于正式或非正式场合，通常后
接宾语和不带 to 的不定式：The valve lets water enter the
pump. (阀门让水流进水泵。)| Let me go!(让我走！)
cause ce le·bre /`koz se`labre; 'keuz se'lebre/ n causes cele
bres (same pronunciation 读音相同) Fr【法】1 an event which
attracts a lot of usually unfavourable attention 轰动一时的事件
〔尤指丑闻)2 a case in a court of law that receives a lot of
public interest 引起公众注目的诉讼案
cause·way /`koz we; 'ko:zwei/ n a raised road or path, espe-
cially across wet ground or water 〔穿越湿地或浅水的〕垫高的
堤道
caus. tic /kostik; 'ko:stik/ adj1 able to burn or destroy by chemi-
cal action; CORROSIVE 苛性的；腐蚀性的：caustic soda 苛性钠
[烧碱] 2 (especially of remarks) showing strong dislike or dis-
approval and intended to hurt; bitter 〔语言〕尖刻的，刻薄的，挖
苦的：John's always making caustic comments about your
work. 约翰总是对你的工作加以尖刻评论。|caustic satire/wit
辛辣的讽刺；刻薄的俏皮话 — ~ally /-klr; -kli/ adv
cau·ter·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`kote raiz; 'ko:teraiz/ ν [T]
med to burn (a wound, snake bite etc) with a very hot iron or
caustic substance to destroy infection【医】〔为防止感染用烙器
或烧灼剂等〕烙[烧灼]〔伤口等〕
cau·tion1 /`kofen; 'ko:fan/ n 1 [U] the quality of using great
care and attention, especially in order to avoid danger 小心，请
慎，慎重：Open the box with caution. 打开那个盒子时要小心。
You must exercise great caution when operating the machine
操作那台机器时得格外小心。| Their claims should be treated
with extreme caution. (=not accepted or believed without care-
ful thought)对他们提出的要求，应该极其审慎。2 [C] a spoker
warning usually given by a policeman, judge etc when a per-
son has broken the law or done something wrong but when the
crime is not serious 警告，告诫：I'll let you off with a caution
this time. 这次我就放过你，只是给你一个警告。3 [S] old-fash
a person or thing that causes amusement【过时】引人发笑的人
[事]
caution2v [T] 1 [(about, against)] to warn against possible
danger 告诫，警告，提醒·（不要·）：She cautioned the child
against talking to strange men. 她告诫那孩子不要同陌生人搭
讪。| [+that] The director cautioned that these changes could
lead to job losses. 董事告诫说，这些变化有可能导致裁员。|
[+obj+that] (law【律】) The policeman said, “I must caution
you that anything you say may be used against you lat your
trial). ”警察说：“我必须提醒你，你讲的每一句话都可能成为（审
判你时)不利于你的证据。”2 [(for, about)] BrE law to warn of-
ficially about something bad already done, often with the threat
of future punishment for doing it again【英，律】警告·不可再
做错事：The policeman cautioned me for speeding. 警察警告
我今后不要再开快车。
cau·tion. ar. y /`kofen Eri; 'ko:feneri/ adj fml or humor giving
advice or a warning【正式或幽】提醒注意的；警告的，告诫的：a
cautionary tale (=story) about a boy who had been seriously
injured while playing near the railway line 关于一个小男孩在
铁路线附近玩耍而被撞成重伤的具有告诫意义的故事
cau·tious /`kofes; 'ko:fes/ adj [(about, of, with)] using or show-
ing caution; careful to avoid risks; PRUDENT 谨慎的，小心的，
慎重的：a cautious approach to dealing with the problem 处
理该问题的谨慎办法| cautious with money 不乱花钱的| The
bank is very cautious about lending money. 银行在贷款方面
十分慎重。| a very cautious driver 一位非常谨慎的司机| cau-
tious optimis. 谨慎的乐观 - — ~ly adv: She opene the door
cautiously so as not to wake the baby. 她开门时小心翼翼，生
怕吵醒婴儿。| These suggestions were cautiously welcomed
by the committee. 这些建议得到了委员会谨慎的欢迎。 — ~ness
n[U]
cav. al. cade /，kaev]ked;kaeval'keid/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a cer-
emonial procession of riders, vehicles etc〔礼仪性的〕骑马队〔车
队等〕的行列；游行队伍
cav. a. lier /kaeve lir; kaeve'lie/ adj thoughtless and disrespectful;
OFFHAND 满不在乎的；轻慢的；唐突的：I'm annoyed at your
cavalier attitude towards this serious matter. 我很恼火，你对
待这么严肃的事态度如此轻率。| a cavalier manner 满不在乎
的态度
Cavalier 1 n a supporter of King
Cavalier 保王党成员
CHARLES I against Parliament in the En
glish CIVIL WAR, in which the Cavaliers
fought against the ROUNDHEADS. 〔英国
内战期间反对议会同圆颅党人作战的〕保
王党[骑士党]成员 2 trademark a type
of medium-sized car made by the
Vauxhall company. It is often used as a
COMPANY CAR, especially by SALES
REPRESENTATIVES. 【商标】卡瓦利耶汽车
〔由沃克斯霍尔公司制造的一种中型车，
它常作为公司提供给雇员，尤其是推销员
使用的车辆〕
cav. al. ry /`kaev]ri; 'kaevelri/ n [(the)
U+sing. /pl. v] 1 (especially in former
times)soldiers who fight on horseback
(尤指昔日的)骑兵（队）：The cavalry
was/were advancing. 骑兵队伍正在挺
0262
进。| cavalry officers 骑兵军官 2 a branch of a modern army
that uses armoured vehicles 装甲兵部队 — compare 比较 IN
FANTRY
cav·al·ry·man /`kaevlrimen; 'kaevelrimen/ n -men /-men;-men/
(especially in former times) a soldier who fights on horseback
〔尤指昔日的〕骑兵
cave1 /kev; kerv/ n a deep natural hollow place, either underground
with an opening to the surface, or in the side of a cliff or hill洞
穴；岩洞；山洞；地窖
cave2ν
cave in phr y [I] 1 (of a roof or the covering over a hollow
place) to fall in or down 〔屋顶、洞顶等〕塌落，坍塌；陷下 2 [(to)]
infml, often derog to give up opposition, especially as a result
of pressure or persuasion; YIELD【非正式，常贬】〔尤指在压力或
说服下〕（向··）屈服，投降：They refused to cave in to the ter-
rorists' demands. 他们拒绝向恐怖分子的要求屈服。--cave-in
/'· ·/ n: a cave-in at the mine 矿井中的塌方
ca. ve. at /`kevi aet; 'keiviaet/ n [(against)] fml a statement or
warning intended to prevent misunderstanding【正式】〔为防止
误解而作的〕申述，说明：预先通知：警告，注意：The evidence
looks convincing but there is one important caveat -namely, 
that it all comes from the same unreliable source, 这些证据看
起来令人信服，但是有很重要的一点需要说明，那就是，这些证据
全都出自同一个不可靠的来源。
caveat emp·tor /kevi aet `mptor;, keiviaet 'empto:/n [U] Lai
a warning principle in buying and selling that responsibility
for the quality of goods must be taken by the buyer. It means
buyer beware'. 【拉丁】购买者注意<货物售出概不退换>
cave. man /key maen: 'kerymaen/n-men /-men: -men/1 a per-
son who lived in a cave in very ancient times. The STEREO-
TYPE of a caveman is of a man with long hair and beard, wear-
ing an animal's skin round his body, carrying a piece of wood
as a weapon. and pulling his wife along behind him by her
hair. 〔史前的〕穴居人〔穴居人的典型形象是一个男性，长发长须，
身披兽皮，扛一条木棍作为武器，拽着妻子的头发一路拖在身后
2 infml a man who acts in a rough violent manner【非正式】行
为举止粗野的人
Cav·en·dish /`kaevendif; 'kaevandif/. Henry (1731-1810) a
British scientist who discovered HYDROGEN and also discov-
ered the chemical COMPOSITION of water(=the different parts
it is made from)卡文迪什〔(1731-1810)，英国科学家，他发现
了水的化学成分和氢气〕
cay·ern /`kaeve·n; 'kaeven/ n a large cave 大山洞，大洞穴
cav. ern. ous /kaevo-nes; 'kaevenes/ adj(of a space or hole) very
large and deep 大而深的； The lion opened its cavernous mouth
狮子张开了它的血盆大口。|a cavernous hall 一个大而深的厅
~ly adv
cav·i. ar. -are /，kaevi`ar; 'kaevia:/n [U] 1 the very expensive
ROE (=salted eggs) of various large fish, especially the
STURGEON, eaten as food. Caviar is a special food for most
people, but is thought to be typical of the lifestyle of the very
rich. 鱼子酱〔尤指鲟鱼的鱼子。它是多数人能享用的特殊食品，但
是吃鱼子酱被认为是非常有钱的人的典型生活方式〕2 caviar to
the general BrE lit or humor something liked and understood
only by a person of sensitivity and good education【英，文或
幽】阳春白雪，曲高和寡的事物
cav-il /`kaev]; 'kaeval/ ν-ll BrE【英】‖ -I AmE【美】[I (at)] to find
fault in an annoying and unnecessary way 挑剔，（对··）吹毛求
疵 — ~ler n
cav. i. ty /`kaeveti; 'kaevti/ n fml or tech a hole or hollow space
in a solid mass【正式或术语】洞；中空处；窟窿：a cavity in a
tooth/in a wall 龋齿的洞；墙内的中空部分
cavity wall /'·. /n a wall consisting of two walls with a nar-
row space between them, used in buildings to keep out noise
cold etc〔有防噪音、防寒等作用的〕夹层墙，空心墙：cavity wall
insulation (=material placed inside the cavity wall, to help keep
heat inside a building)〔填充〕空心墙的保温材料
ca. vort /ke`vort; ke'vo:t/ v [I] infml (especially of a person) t
jump or dance about noisily; CAPER【非正式】〔尤指人〕狂舞，
乱跳乱蹦
caw /ko; ko:/ v [I] to make the loud rough cry of various large
birds such as CROWs〔乌鸦等〕哇哇地叫 - caw n
Cax·ton /`kaekstn; 'kaekstan/, William (？1422-1491) the first
person in England to print books. He learned about printing in
Germany, where the first books in Europe were printed, then
returned to England to start a printing business there. 卡克斯顿
〔(？1422-1491)，英国印刷业先驱，他在德国——欧洲最早印刷
书籍的国家学习印刷术，之后回到英国创办了一家印刷所)：a
valuable Caxton Bible 一本珍贵的卡克斯顿版《圣经》
cay. enne pep. per /，kain `ppe;, keien 'pepe/ also 又作 cay-
enne /kai`sn: kei'en/n [U] (a powder made from) a PEPPER
(2) with long thin very hot-tasting red fruit(红)辣椒；（红）辣椒
粉
Cay·man Is·lands, the /kemen `ailendz; 'keimen ailendz/ a
group of three islands in the Caribbean Sea. Northwest of
Jamaica, which are a British DEPENDENCY. Population: 30, 000
(1995). Capital: George Town. The Cayman Islands are a popu-
lar place for tourists, and are also a financial centre because of
their low taxes. 开曼群岛〔牙买加西北面，加勒比海中的3个岛
屿的总称，为英国属地。人口：30, 000(1995)，首府：乔治敦。开
曼群岛是一个旅游胜地，又因其税收低而成为金融中心〕
CB /，si `bi; si: 'bi:1 [U] abbrev. for 缩写= Citizens' Band; a
radio communications system by which people can speak to
each other over short distances, especially when they are driv-
ing 民用波段〔尤其用于人们驾车时近距离通话的无线电通讯方
caveman 穴居人
式)2[C] a radio using this system. In the US, long-distance
TRUCK drivers often have CBs, which they use to speak so-
cially to other drivers and to warn them when there are police
around. People who use CBs often give themselves NICKNAMES. 
民用波段无线电〔在美国，长途卡车司机常用该设备相互交谈并在
警察出现时相互提醒，通话者通常给自己起有外号〕-CB-er n
CBC /，si bi`si;, si: bi: 'si:/ trademark, abbrev. for 缩写= Cana-
dian Broadcasting Corporation; a television company that is
supported by the Canadian government【商标】加拿大广播公司
〔由加拿大政府资助的一家电视台
CBE /，si bi `i;, si: bi: 'i:/ n abbrev. for 缩写= Commander of the
Order of the British Empire; a special honour given to some
British people for things they have done for their country. CBE
is written after someone's name to show that they have been
given this honour. 英帝国大勋章 （获得者） — see also 另见 MBE. 
OBE
CBL, the /，si bi`ar; si: bi: 'ai/ abbrev. for 缩写= Confederatior
of British Industry; a British organization that represents em-
ployers and managers in British businesses. It provides infor-
mation about the economic situation, and tries to influence the
government to make decisions that will help its members. 英
国工业联合会〔英国代表雇主及经理人员的一个组织，它提供有关
经济形势的信息，力图影响政府作出有助于其成员的决定〕
CBS /，si bi`ss; si: bi: 'es/ trademark, abbrev. for 缩写= Colum-
bia Broadcasting System; one of the four main national televi-
sion networks in the US. The other three are ABC. FOX, and NBC. 
【商标】哥伦比亚广播公司〔美国四大全国性电视广播网之一。其
余三家分别为美国广播公司、福克斯广播公司和全国广播公司)：a
CBS news reporter 哥伦比亚广播公司的一位新闻记者
CBSO, the /，si bi es `o; si: bi: es 'eu/ abbrev. for 缩写= the
CITY OF BIRMINGHAM SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
cc abbrev. for 缩写= 1 CUBIC CENTIMETRE 立方厘米：a 200 co
engine 容积为200立方厘米[0. 2升]的发动机2 CUBIC CAPAC-
ITY 立方容积[容量]
CCTV written abbrev. for 缩写= CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION
CD /si `di; si: 'di:/ n abbrev. for 缩写= 1 a COMPACT DISC; a
small circular piece of hard plastic on which music is recorded
光碟：激光唱片； Have you heard the new Mariah Carey CD?
你听过玛丽亚·凯莉新出的激光唱片吗？2aCD-ROM只读光碟，
只读光盘3 a CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT 存款单 4 Corps
Diplomatique; the letters CD on the back of car show that it is
used by a DIPLOMAT 外交使团〔写在汽车尾部表示该车为外交人
员所使用〕
CD-ROM /，si di `ram;si: di: 'rom/ n abbrev. for 缩写= com-
pact disc, read-only memory; a COMPACT DISC which look
like a music CD but holds large amounts of information for use
on a computer. CD-ROMs are used especially for storing SOFT-
WARE programs, or for MULTIMEDIA programs, such as large
ENCYCLOPEDIAS. 只读光碟，只读光盘，大容量光盘只读存储器
〔形似激光唱片，但储存着大量供电脑使用的信息，尤其被用来存放
程序软件或大型百科全书等多媒体程序〕 — see also 另见 DVD
0263
CDT1/, si di `ti; si: di: 'ti:/ n [U] BrE abbrev. for 缩写=Craft, 
Design, and Technology; a practical subject studied in British
schools and colleges. In 1995， it started to be replaced by DT. 
【英】工艺、设计和技术课〔英国学校里开设的一门实用学科，1995
年起为设计和技术课所取代)
CDT2 abbrev for 缩写=CENTRAL DAYLIGHT TIME
CE /si `i;si: 'i:/ abbrev. for 缩写=common era 公元 — see参
见BC
cease1 /sis; si:s/ v [I; T] fml to stop (especially an activity or
state)【正式】停止，终止，结束：It rained all day without ceasing. 
雨下了一天，一直没停。| Cease fire!(=Stop shooting!)停火
[停止射击]！| [+to-v] As from the end of the month, this regu-
lation will cease to have effect. 从本月底开始，此规章将停止
生效。|[+v-ing] The company has ceased trading in this part
of the world. 公司已终止在世界这个地区的贸易活动。 — see also
另见 wonders will never cease(WONDER2(7)
cease2n without cease fml continuously; without ceasing【正
式】持续地，不停地 — see also另见 CEASELESS
cease-fire /'/ n an agreement to stop fighting for a certain
period, especially so that a more lasting peace agreement can
be established 停火协定：to negotiate a cease-fire 为达成一项
停火协定而谈判 — compare 比较ARMISTICE, TRUCE
cease·less /sislis; 'si:sles/ adj fml unending; continuous; with-
out ceasing【正式】不停的，持续的，无休止的：ceaseless activ-
ity 持续进行的活动 — ~ly adv: She practised ceaselessly. 她
不断地练习。
Ceau. ces. cu /tfau`fesku; tfau'fesku:/, Nic. o. lae /`nikelai;
'nikelai/(1918-1989) the President of Romania from 1967-
1989. He used his secret police force to control the people, 
until he was removed from power by force, and he and his
wife were killed. 齐奥塞斯库〔(1918-1989)，罗马尼亚总统，
1967年至1989年间在任。他利用秘密警察组织来控制民众，一
直到他被迫下台。他和妻子被处决〕
ce-dar /`side; 'si:de/ n 1 [C] a tall EVERGREEN tree 雪松；西洋
杉 2 [U] also 又作 ce·dar·wood /`side·wud; 'si:dewud/ - the
hard reddish sweet-smelling wood of this tree used for making
pencils, decorative boxes, furniture etc 雪松木，杉木
cede /sid; si:d/ v [T (to)] fml to give (usually land or a right) to
another country or person, especially after losing a war【正式】
〔尤指战败后把权利、土地等〕让给，割让；放弃：By the terms of
the treaty, a third of their territory was ceded to France. 根
据条约规定，他们领土的三分之一割让给了法国。 — see also另
见CESSION
ce. dil-la /si`dile; si'dile/ n (when writing certain languages)a
mark put under a letter (as with c in French) to show that it has
a special sound〔加在字母下面表示某种特定发音的)下加符<如
法语中的c>
Cee. fax /`sifaeks; 'si:faeks/ trademark a type of service provided
by the BBC which supplies written information on a special
television CHANNEL. The information is on many subjects, e. g. 
the weather, business news, or sports results. 【商标】“看事实
图文电视〔英国广播公司提供的一种服务，即在一个特殊的电视频
道上播出文字信息。其主题众多，如天气、商业新闻、体育比赛结
果等〕
cei. lidh /kelr; 'keili/ n an evening entertainment in Scotland
and Ireland which includes singing, dancing, and story telling
同乐会〔苏格兰和爱尔兰的一种晚间娱乐活动，包括唱歌、跳舞和
讲故事〕
cei. ling /`silin; 'si:lin/ n 1 the inner surface of the top of a room
天花板，顶篷 — compare 比较 ROOF(1)2[(on)] a usually of-
ficial upper limit on prices, wages, rents etc〔物价、工资、租金
等的)最高限度，上限：The government set/imposed a ceiling
on imports of foreign cars. 政府对进口外国汽车的数量规定了
一个最高限额。3 tech height above ground【术语】〔地面以上
的)高度；升限；云幕高度：a low cloud ceiling 较低的云幕高度|
The plane has an operational ceiling of 50, 000 feet. 这种飞机
的上升限度为五万英尺。 — see also另见GLASS CEILING
cel. e·brate /`sale, bret; 'selbreit/ v1 [I; T] to mark (an event or
special occasion)by enjoying yourself, publicly or privately
庆祝，举行（仪式、庆典）：We celebrated(her birthday) with a
party/by going out to a restaurant. 我们开个晚会[一起上馆
子] 来庆祝（她的生日）。| These good results have given us
something to celebrate. 这些良好的成绩值得我们庆祝一番。2[T]
fml to praise in writing, speech etc【正式】〔以文章、演说等〕颂
扬，赞美，歌颂：poems that celebrate the joys of love 赞颂爱情
之欢乐的诗歌3[T] to perform a religious ceremony, especially
the Christian Mass solemnly and officially主持宗教仪式〔尤指
弥撒〕
cel. e. brat. ed /`salebretid; 'selbreitd/ adj [(as, for)] well-
known; famous有名的，著名的，大名鼎鼎的：a celebrated
writer/legal trial 一位名作家；一次著名的审判 | Venice is cel-
ebrated for its beautiful buildings. 威尼斯以其美丽的建筑物
闻名于世。
cel. e. bra. tion /，sle`brefen;, sel'breifan/ n 1 [U] the act of
celebrating 庆祝 2 [C] an occasion of celebrating, such as a
party 庆祝会[仪式]：the new country's independence celebra-
tions新国家的独立庆典
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Special Celebrations
People in the US and the UK often celebrate by having
parties when they have achieved something important, such
as graduating(GRADUATE) from school or university, or
getting a new job or home. Many people celebrate impor-
tant stages in their lives with religious ceremonies such as
CHRISTENINGS, BAR MITZVAHS, and weddings. Most people
celebrate their birthdays: see Cultural Note at BIRTHDAY. 
People also celebrate their wedding anniversaries
(ANNIVERSARY), especially when they have been married
for 10， 25， or 50 years. If someone has a party to celebrate
a birthday, wedding, anniversary, birth, or graduation, in
the UK guests are expected to give them cards and some-
times presents. In the US guests are usually expected to
give both presents and cards. In the US there are special
parties for women who will soon be married, called bridal
SHOWERS, and for women who will soon have a baby, called
baby showers, when friends give her useful presents for
her marriage or new baby. 特别的庆祝活动：美、英两国的人
常为毕业、谋到新的工作、搬新居等重要事情举行聚会来庆贺。
许多人用宗教仪式如受洗礼、受诚礼、婚礼等来庆祝人生的重
要阶段。大多数人过生日（参见BIRTHDAY文化注释）。人们
也庆祝结婚周年，尤其是结婚10、25或50年的时候。如果有
人举行聚会庆贺生日、结婚、周年纪念、添丁或毕业，在英国，
客人应该赠送贺卡，有时还要捎带礼物；而在美国，客人礼物
和贺卡都要送。在美国，有为即将结婚或生孩子的女士举行的
送礼会，那时朋友会送上实用的结婚礼物或新生婴儿用品。一
see Cultural Note at 参见 SHOWER 文化注释
ce. leb. ri. ty /se`labreti; s'lebrti/ n 1 [C] a famous person, 
especially in the business of entertainment〔尤指娱乐界的)名
人，名流：to interview celebrities on television 对名人进行电
视采访 2 [U] fml the state of being famous; fame【正式】名声，
名誉
ce. ler. i. ty /se`lareti; s'lerti/ n [U]fml speed; quickness【正式】
迅速，快速
cel. e. ry /sclori; 'seleri/ n [U](the bunched greenish-white stems
of)a small plant eaten cooked or uncooked as a vegetable芹
菜：He dug up a head of celery. 他从地里挖出一棵芹菜。| She
ate a stick of celery. 她吃了一根芹菜梗儿。| celery soup 芹菜汤
ce. les. ti. al /se`lastfel; s'lestiel/ adj fml of the sky or heaven
【正式】天的，天空的，天上的，天堂的：The sun, the stars, and
the moon are celestial bodies. 太阳、星星和月亮都是天体。|
Angels are celestial beings. 天使是天上的神灵。
cel. i. bate /`salebit; 'selbt/ n, adj (a person, especially a priest
or NUN, who is)unmarried and not taking part in sexual activity, 
especially as the result of a religious promise〔尤指神父、修女
等因作出宗教上承诺而〕独身的；禁欲的；独身者 — compare 比
较 CHASTE(1)- -bacy n [U]: a vow (=promise) of celibacy
奉行独身的誓言
cells 蜂窝
cell 蜂房
honeycomb 蜂巢
prison cell
plant cell nucleus
牢房
植物细胞
细胞核
*cell /sel; sel/ n 1 a small room a in a prison for one person or a
small number of people 单人牢房；小囚室 b in a MONASTERY
or CONVENT for one person〔修道院的)单人房间 2 a very small
division of living matter, with one centre of activity (NUCLEUS
(2), able alone or with others to perform all the operations
0264
necessary for life 细胞 — see also 另见 RED BLOOD CELL 3 one
of a number of small parts belonging to a larger structure, es-
pecially one of the divisions of a HONEYCOMB 〔较大结构中的)
单元，元件，小间隔；〔蜂巢中单个的〕小蜂窝，蜂房4 an appara-
tus for making a current of electricity by chemical action电池
5 [+sing. /pl. v] a small group of people operating secretly as
part of a larger, usually political organization〔政党等下属的)秘
密活动小组；支部：a terrorist cell 恐怖分子小组 6 -celled /-sald;
-seld/ having the stated number or type of cells 有·细胞的
single-celled organisms 单细胞生物体
cel-lar /`sla; 'sele/ n 1 an underground room, usually without
windows and used for storing goods 地窖，地下室：a coal cel-
lar 贮煤地窖 2 a store of wine belonging to a person, restau
rant etc〔私人或餐馆的〕酒窖：酒的贮藏
cel·lar·age /`sclerid3; 'selerid3/ n [U] 1 the amount of cellar
space 地窖总面积 2 the charge for storing something in a cel-
lar 地下室贮藏费
cell di·vi·sion /'··/n [C; U] (an act of) the process by which
plant and animal cells increase their numbers 细胞分裂 — see
also 另见 MEIOSIS, MITOSIS
cel-list /`tfelist; 'tfelst/ also 又作 violoncellist fml【正式】- n
a person who plays the cello 大提琴演奏者
cello /`tfelo; 'tfeleu/ also 又作 violoncello fml【正式】- n -los
a stringed musical instrument, like the VIOLIN and VIOLA but
larger and producing a deeper sound 大提琴
Cel. lo. phane /scle fen; 'selefeim/ trademark a type of thin trans
parent plastic material used for wrapping goods, especially food
【商标】〔包装食品等用的〕“赛璐玢”玻璃纸
cell-phone /`salfon; 'selfeun/ n especially AmE a phone that
you can take with you and use anywhere; a MOBILE PHONE【尤
美】手机，手提电话，移动电话
cel-lu-lar /`seljele; 'seljle/ adj 1 consisting of CELLS(3)由许
多小单元组成的；蜂窝状的2(of cloth) loosely woven〔布等)
有网眼的：cellular blankets 网眼毯 3 having many holes; PO-
ROUS 多孔的; cellular rock多孔的石头 4 usins a networ of
radio stations to pass on signals 利用电台网通讯的，蜂窝式| 细
胞式]无线通讯系统的：She has a cellular telephone in her car. 
她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机
cell. u. lite /`scljulait; 'seljglait/ n [U] fat which gathers just be
low the skin on a person's, especially a woman's, body and
gives the skin a slightly lumpy appearance. Cellulite is consid
ered very unattractive and is supposed to be difficult to get rid
of. 〔人体，尤其是女性的〕皮下脂肪团〔它使皮肤表面鼓起小疙瘩. 
被视为极丑陋，且不易去除〕
cel·lu·loid /`selje, loid; 'seljloid/ n [U] trademark【商标】1 a type
of plastic substance made mainly from CELLULOSE(2) and for-
merly used for making photographic film 赛璐珞〔旧时用以制
作摄影胶片的材料)2 on celluloid on cinema film 摄在电影胶
片上，在电影里：Her marvellous acting talent is preserved on
celluloid. 她非凡的表演才能在电影里被保存下来了。
cellu. lose /`selje los; 'seljleus/ n [U]1 the material from which
the cell walls of plants are made, used in making paper, plastic, 
many artificial materials etc 细胞膜质；纤维素 2 also 又作 cel
ulose ac·e·tate /，· '·/ tech【术语】- a plastic material used for
many industrial purposes, especially making photographic films
or explosives 醋酸纤维素〔工业上用于制造摄影胶片、炸药等〕
Cel·si·us /`sclsies; 'selsies/ centigrade written abbrev. 缩写为
C n a temperature scale in which water freezes at 0° and boils
at100°摄氏（温标）〔即以零度为水的冰点，以100度为水的沸点
的一种温度测量标准)：Is it measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit?
这是按摄氏还是按华氏温度测定的？ | a very hot day, with tem-
peratures reaching 36° Celsius 气温达摄氏36度的大热天-
compare 比较 FAHRENHEIT
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Celsius and Fahrenheit
Most people in the UK use Celsius measurements when
talking about the weather, although they often use the word
Centigrade', which is the older name for this system. Cel-
sius is the officially correct word used by scientists
Weather reports on television and in newspapers in the UK
give the temperature in Celsius, and sometimes also in
Fahrenheit. In the US people generally use Fahrenheit, and
weather reports are always given using Fahrenheit. Cel-
sius is used only by scientists. 摄氏温度与华氏温度：英国
的大多数人在谈论天气时使用摄氏温标，不过他们常用该温标
的旧称“Centigrade”。“Celsius”是科学家使用的正式名称. 
英国电视及报纸上的天气预报发布的都是摄氏温度，有时还加
个华氏温度。在美国，人们普遍使用华氏温标，天气预报发
布的都是华氏温度, 摄氏温标仅为科学家使用。
Celt /selt; kelt/ n 1 a member of an ancient people who lived in
Britain before the arrival of the ROMANS, and whose CULTURE
and languages are still found in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland
〔罗马人到来之前居住在不列颠的〕凯尔特人〔至今仍可以在苏格
兰、威尔士和爱尔兰找到他们的文化和语言)2 a member of a
related ancient people who lived in W Europe, especially in
parts of France and Spain, before the arrival of the ROMANS
〔罗马人到来之前居住在西欧，尤其是法国和西班牙部分地区的〕
凯尔特人 3 a Scottish, Welsh, or Irish person 凯尔特人〔指苏格
兰人、威尔士人或爱尔兰人〕
Cel. tic' /`saltik; 'keltik/ adj of (the languages of) the Celts 凯尔
特人的；凯尔特语的
Cel. tic2 /`seltik; 'seltik/ a Scottish football team based in
Glasgow. There is much competition between Celtic and
Rangers, the other main Glasgow football team, 凯尔特人足球
队〔主场设在格拉斯哥的一支苏格兰球队，他们与该市的另一支主
要球队“流浪者队”之间的竞争很激烈〕
*ce. ment1 /se`mant; si'ment/ n [U] 1 a grey powder, made from
LIME and clay, which becomes hard like stone after being mixed
with water and allowed to dry, used in building to join bricks
together and in making CONCRETE 水泥 2 a thick sticky hard-
drying ADHESIVE used for filling holes, as in the teeth, or for
joining things together 胶接剂，接合剂；〔牙科等用的〕黏固粉
cement2v [T] 1 [(TOGETHER)] to join or make firm (as if) with
cement 胶合，粘牢；巩固，加强，把··结合在一起：Our holiday
together cemented our friendship. 共度假日使我们的友谊更加
牢固。2 [(OVER)] to cover with cement 在·上抹水泥—
cement mix·er /·· ，·/ also 又作 concrete mixer - n a ma-
chine shaped like a drum which turns round and round, in which
cement, sand, and water are mixed to make CONCRETE 水泥
[混凝土]搅拌机
cem·e·tery /`seme teri; 'semtri/ n a piece of ground, usually
not belonging to a church, in which dead people are buried. In
Britain, people used to be buried in CHURCHYARDs, but now
most people who are buried are buried in cemeteries, 墓地：〔不
属于教会的〕公墓〔在英国，死者过去一般安葬在教堂墓地里，但现
在大多安葬在公墓〕 — compare 比较 CHURCHYARD, GRAVE-
YARD
cen. o. taph /`sEne taef; 'seneta:f/ n a MONUMENT built as a last-
ing reminder of dead people who are buried somewhere else, 
especially those killed in war. In Britain, 'The Cenotaph'means
the one in Whitehall, London, where the Remembrance Day
ceremony is held. 〔在葬身处以外为死难者，尤指为阵亡将士建立
的〕纪念碑〔在英国，“纪念碑”指的是伦敦白厅街的一座纪念碑，阵
亡将士纪念日的纪念活动就在白厅举行
cen-sor' /`sanse; 'sense'/ n 1 an official who examines books, 
films etc, or (especially in war or in a prison) private letters, 
with the power to remove anything offensive or (in war) help-
ful to the enemy〔书刊、电影等的〕审查员，审查官；信件检查员：
Parts of this film have been banned by the censor. 这部电影
的某些镜头遭到审查官的删剪。2 (in ancient Rome) an official
whose duties included taking the CENSUS and watching and
controlling public morals〔古罗马负责调查户口、监察社会风纪
等的)监察官 3 tech (in PSYCHOLOGY) something which pre-
vents unacceptable memories, ideas, and wishes from coming
into your consciousness【术语】〔心理学中的〕潜意识压抑力
censor2v [T] to examine (books, films, letters etc) as a censor
审查〔书刊、电影、信件等)：to censor the prisoners'letters检
查犯人的信件
cen. so. ri. ous /sen`sories; sen'so:ries/ adj fml always looking
for mistakes and faults; eager to censure; severely CRITICAL
【正式】爱挑剔的，苛评的，吹毛求疵的：censorious people
behaviour 吹毛求疵的人[行为] - — ~ly adv - — ~ness n [U]
cen-sor. ship /`sanse-fip; 'sensefip/ n [U] the work of a censor;
act or system of censoring 审查员的职权；审查（制度） ：the cen-
sorship of the presslof television programmes 报刊[电视节
目]检查制度
cen-sure1/`sEnfo; 'senfe/ n [U] fiml the act of expressing strong
disapproval; severe CRITICISM【正式】指责，谴责：The opposi-
tion passed a vote of censure on the government. 反对党通过
了一项对政府不信任的动议。
censure2 v [T] fml to express strong disapproval of (someone
or their behaviour); judge severely and unfavourably【正式】指
责；非难；谴责：The policeman was officially censured for his
handling of the incident. 这名警察由于对事件处理不善，受到
正式的谴责。
cen·sus /`senses; 'senses/n censuses 1 an official counting of
a country's total population, with other important information
about the people. In Britain and the US there is usually a cen
sus once every ten years. 人口普查〔在英美两国，人口普查通常
0265
每十年进行一次)2 an official counting of something for gov
ernmental planning 〔官方进行的)统计，调查：a traffic census
交通状况调查
*cent /sent; sent/ n 1 (a coin equal to)0. 01 of any of certain units
of money, such as the dollar; PENNY 分；分币〔相当于美元等标
准货币单位1%的辅币单位)2 get/put your two cent's worth
in AmE【美】also 又作 stick/throw in your two cent's worth
to give your opinion about something, even if nobody has asked
you for it or nobody wants you to give it 〔未经邀请而〕发表意
见：You know me. I always have to get my two cent's worth
in. 你知道我这个人的，常常没人问也会发表自己的看法。| Thou-
sands of workers lined up outside city hall on Monday to talk
to the mayor and throw in their two cent's worth about how
the city could work better. 星期一，成千上万的工人在市政厅外
排队，自告奋勇地要和市长谈谈如何使这城市变得更好。- com-
pare 比较 NICKEL, DIME, QUARTER (4)
cent- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
cen-taur /`sentor; 'sento:/n in CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY, a crea
ture with the head, chest, and arms of a man and the body and
legs of a horse〔古典神话中的〕半人半马怪物，人头马怪物
cen·ta. vo /sen`tavo; sen'ta:veu/ n -vos (a coin equal to) 0. 0
of the standard unit of money in various Spanish-speaking and
Portuguese-speaking countries 分；分币〔讲西班牙语和葡萄牙
语国家的货币单位，相当于其标准货币单位之1%〕
cen·te·nar. i. an /，sente`nerion; sent'nearien/ n a person who
is(more than)100 years old 百岁（以上）老人
cen·te·na·ry /`sente, neri; sen'ti:neri/ n [(of)] the day or year
exactly 100 years after a particular event 一百周年（纪念）
cen·ten·ni·al /sen`teniel; sen'teniel/ n AmE a centenary【美】-
百周年（纪念）
cen·ter /`sent; 'sente/ n, ν AmE for【美】= CENTRE
Center Parcs /`sento parks; 'sente pa:ks/ trademark a type of
holiday centre providing hotel and tourist services in the UK
and in Europe, especially in attractive countryside and forest
areas. Center Parcs holiday villages are known especially for
having swimming pools enclosed in a large heated DOME
structure, so that people can swim and relax in warm condi-
tions at any time of the year. 【商标】公园度假中心〔英国和欧洲
提供住宿及旅游服务的一类度假中心，主要设在迷人的乡间和森林
地区，尤以其大型穹顶室内温水游泳池而闻名，这样人们一年四季
都能在温暖的环境中游泳、休息〕
Centers for Dis·ease Con·trol, the /······/ abbrev. 缩写
为 CDC a US government organization based in Atlanta. Geor-
gia which works to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, 
and studies ways to improve people's health 疾病控制中心〔美
国一政府机构，总部设在佐治亚州的亚特兰大，从事控制传染病和
研究促进人类健康的方法等工作〕
cen·ti·grade /`sante, gred; 'sentgreid/ adj, n (often cap. 常用
大写)CELSIUS 摄氏（的）：a centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度
cen·ti·gram, -gramme /`sente graem; 'sentgraem/n a unit of
weight for measuring 厘克，公毫〔重量单位；=1%克〕 — see 参
见TABLE2
cen·time /santim; 'sonti:m/ n (a coin equal to) 0. 01 of any of
certain units of money, such as the FRANC 生丁，分；分币〔相当
于法郎等标准货币单位1%的辅币单位〕
*cen·ti·me·tre BrE【英】‖-ter AmE【美】/`sante, mite·;'sentmi:te/
(written abbrev. 缩写为 c or 或 cm) n a unit for measuring
length 厘米 — see 参见 TABLE 2
cen·ti·pede /sente pid; 'sentpi:d/n a small wormlike creature
with many legs 蜈蚣
*cen·tral /`sentrel; 'sentrel/ adj1 [A no comp. 无比较级] at or
forming the centre of a place, object or system 中心的，中部
的，中央的：the central plains of North America 北美中部的平
原地带| a city in central Asia 中亚城市 | Computer termi-
nals in various parts of the country are linked up to a central
database. 全国各处的电脑终端都与中央数据库相连接。2con-
veniently near the centre; easily reached 因靠近中心区而条件
便利的；易于到达的：Our house is very central for the shops
and theatres. 我们家邻近市区中心，去商店和剧场都十分方便。
The company is moving from its central location to new of-
fices in the suburbs. 公司从市中心区搬到郊区的新办公处。3[(to)]
of the greatest importance; main 重要的；主要的：The central
aim of this government is social equality. 本政府的主要目标
是争取社会平等。| She played a central role in the negotiations
她在一系列谈判中充当重要角色。| His sudden disappearance
was central to the plot of the book. 他的突然失踪是这部小说
情节的核心。 — ~ly adv: a centrally located office 位于市中心
的办公室| a centrally heated house (=with central heating)
有中央供暖系统的房屋| a centrally planned economy (=one
using central planning)中央计划经济
Central Af-ri-can Re-pub-lic, the /. . . . '·/ a country in cen-
tral Africa. Population: 3, 300, 000(1995). Capital: Bangui. 中
非共和国〔非洲中部国家。人口：3, 300, 000(1995)，首都：班吉)
Central A. mer. i. ca /，. . '. / a narrow piece of land joining N
and S America, and consisting of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, 
El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama 中美洲〔连接
南北美洲的一条狭长地带，由伯利兹、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦
多、尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加和巴拿马等国组成〕
central bank /·'/ n a state-owned bank which controls the
amount of money available and the general banking systems
in a country, and influences interest rates. In Britain the cen-
tral bank is the Bank of England. In the US it is the Federal
Reserve Bank. 中央银行〔负责控制货币总量、总理银行系统以及
决定利率的国有银行。英国的中央银行是英格兰银行，美国的中央
银行是联邦储备银行〕
Central Crim·i·nal Court, the /. ··/ the official name of
the OLD BAILEY, the most important criminal court in the UK
中央刑事法庭〔英国最主要的刑事法庭——“老贝利”的正式名称)
Central Day·light Time /，· · ·/ abbrev. 缩写为 CDT-n [U]
AmE the time used in the summer months in the Central TIME
ZONE of the US【美】美国中部夏令时间
central gov. ern. ment /，··/ n [C; U] the government of the
country as a whole from a political centre, as opposed to local
government中央政府
central heat·ing /，· ·/ n [U] a system of heating buildings in
which heat is produced and controlled at a single point and
carried by pipes to the various parts of the building by hot air
or water. Many private houses in Britain and the US have cen
tral heating. 中央暖气系统〔英国和美国的许多私人住宅都有中央
暖气系统〕
Central In-tel-li-gence A. gen. cy, the/, . . . , . . / the full name
of the CIA 中央情报局〔CIA的全称〕
cen·tral·is. m /`sentrel, izem; 'sentrelizam/ n [U] the practice of
or principle of bringing something under the control of the
central body of an organization, such as a political or educa-
tional system 中央集权制[主义]；集中制
cen·tral-ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`sentrel aiz; 'sentrelaiz/ v
[T] to bring under central control 使·处于中央的控制之下，把··
集中于中央，使·成为中央集权制：The process of economic
planning has been centralized. 制定经济计划的程序已集中由
中央掌握。 — see also 另见 DECENTRALIZE - -ization /sentrele-
`zefen;sentrelai'zeifan/n [U]
central lock·ing /，· '·/ n [U] a system of operating the locks
on a vehicle by one door only. The others then lock or unlock
at the same time. 〔车辆的)中央锁闭系统：My new car has cen-
tral locking. 我的新车配有中央锁闭系统。
Central Mosque, the /，· '/ the main Muslim place of wor-
ship in Britain, in Regents Park, London 中央清真寺〔英国主清
真寺，位于伦敦里根特公园内〕
central ner·yous sys·tem /，· '··/ n the part of the NER-
VOUS SYSTEM which consists of the brain and the SPINAL CORD
中枢神经系统
Central Of-fice /，. . ·/ the main office of the British Conserva-
tive Party, which is in SMITH SQUARE in London 中央办公室
〔英国保守党总部，位于伦敦的史密斯广场〕
Central Of-fice of In. for. ma. tion /. . . . . / a British gov. 
ernment organization that produces books, reports etc giving
information about the activities of the various government de-
partments〔英国〕中央新闻署
Central Park /，. / the main city park in New York City. It is a
popular place during the day, but it is considered dangerous to
go there at night. 中央公园〔纽约市的主要市立公园，是人们白天
爱去的地方，但晚上去被认为不安全〕 — see colour map on page
A5参见A5页彩色地图
central plan-ning /，· ·/ n [U] the system of arranging the
economic situation especially of a socialist country by means
of orders from a central government 中央计划〔尤指社会主义
国家根据中央政府指令对国家的经济状况作安排的方式
central pro·ces·sing u·nit /，· ·，·/ abbrev. 缩写为 CPU n
the most important controlling part of a computer system where
the main operations are performed〔电脑的)中央处理器 — see
also 另见 MICROPROCESSOR
central res·er·va·tion /，··'·/n BrE【英】‖median strip AmE
【美】- a thin area of land running down the middle of a large
road, to keep traffic apart〔大公路的)中央分道区；（道路）中间的
安全岛
Central Stan-dard Time /，· · ，·/ also 又作 Central Time. 
abbrev. 缩写为 CST - n [U] AmE the time used for Autumn
to Spring in the Central Time Zone of the US【美】〔秋、冬、春
0266
三季使用的〕美国中部标准时间
*cen·tre1 BrE【英】‖-ter AmE【美】/`sante; 'sente/ n 1 [C (of)
a middle part or point; point equally distant from all sides; the
exact middle, especially the point around which a circle is
drawn 中央；中心（点）；圆心：Although London is Britain's
capital it is not at the centre of the country. 尽管伦敦是英国
的首都，但它并不在国家的正中心。| I like chocolates with sof
centres. 我喜欢吃软心的巧克力糖。| the high cost of land in
the centre of the city 市中心地皮的昂贵价格 — see also 另见
DEAD CENTRE 2 [C] a the main or most active area in relation
to a particular activity （活动等的）中心（地区） ：Hong Kong is
a major banking and financial centre. 香港是一个主要的银行
与金融业中心。| the centre of the nation's shipbuilding in-
dustry 全国造船业的中心 b a place or building intended for a
stated activity〔供进行某种活动用的)中心（场所、建筑物等）：d
sports/leisure centre 体育运动[消闲活动] 中心 | a youth train-
ing centre 青年培训中心 | the World Trade Center in New
York 纽约的世界贸易中心 — see also 另见 CONFERENCE CEN-
TRE, DETENTION CENTRE, JOB CENTRE 3 [C] an area where a
large number of people live 人口密度高的地区，生活区：The
missiles are aimed at military targets, not at urban centresi
centres of population. 导弹所瞄准的是军事目标，不是都市人口
稠密地区。4 [the+S] a middle position, in politics, not sup
porting EXTREME1(3)ideas; a MODERATE1(3) political position
〔政治上的〕中间立场，温和派：Political parties often move to
the centre just before an election. 许多政党在大选前夕常转向
中间立场。 Her political views are slightly left of centre. 她
的政治观点是中间稍稍偏左。5[C](in games like football) a
player who plays in or near the middle of the field 〔足球等的)
中锋 — compare 比较 BACK1(6), FORWARD5; see also 另见
COST CENTRE; see 参见 MIDDLE (USAGE)
centre2 BrE【英】|-ter AmE【美】v [T] to place in or at the cen
tre 把·置于中央位置：to centre a picture on the wall 把一幅
画挂在墙正中的位置
centre(sthg. )on/upon/round/around sbdy. /sthg. phr v[T
usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to (cause to) have as a main
subject or area of concern （使）集中于··：The dispute centres
on the question of overtime pay. 争议集中于加班费的问题上，
Our thoughts were centred on the girl who had died. 我们
的心思全都集中到那个死去的女孩身上。| His interests are
centred round his family, 他关心的事情全都离不开他的家庭。
centre court /'··/ (often cap. 常用大写) the main tennis court
at WIMBLEDON, where the best players play their matches in
front of seated crowds 中央网球场〔温布尔登的主要网球场，最
佳球员在此进行比赛，观众坐在观众席观看)：Hingis is on cen-
tre court at 2. 00. 辛吉斯两点在中央网球场出场比赛。
cen·tre·fold, -terfold AmE【美】/`santa fold; 'sentefeuld/ n (a
picture covering all of) the two facing pages in the middle of a
magazine. The word is especially used to describe a picture of
a young woman with no clothes on, photographed in a posi-
tion which is intended to be sexually exciting. 〔杂志〕中心页跨
页版面[图]〔该词尤用于指裸体女子的性感照片〕
centre for·ward /，· '·/ n becoming rare (in football) an at-
tacking player who plays in the centre of the field【渐罕】〔足球
的〕中锋
centre of grav. i. ty /·. '·/n that point in any object on which
it will balance 〔物体的〕重心
centre par·ty /'··/ n a political party which is seen as having
a MODERATE'(3) political position 中间党派
cen·tre·piece, -terpiece AmE【美】/`santa pis; 'sentepi:s/n1 a
decoration, especially an arrangement of flowers, placed in the
middle of a table 置于桌子中央的装饰品〔尤指鲜花〕 2 [(of)] the
most noticeable, attractive, or important part of a larger whole
〔整体中〕最引人注目[最重要]的部分：These tax cuts are the
centrepiece of their economic programme. 削减税收是他们经
济纲领中最引人注目的地方
centre stage, -ter stage AmE【美】/，· '/ n [U] the place or per-
son to which everyone's attention is drawn 瞩目的地方；焦点人
cen·tri·fu·gal /sen`trifjugl;sentri'fju:gal/ adj tech tending to
move in a direction away from the centre【术语】离心 （力）的：
centrifugal force 离心力 — opposite 反义词 centripetal
cen. tri-fuge /sentre fjud3; 'sentrafju:d3/ n an apparatus for spin
ning a container round very quickly so that the heavier liquids
and any solids are forced to the outer edge or bottom of the
container 离心机；离心分离机
cen. trip. e. tal /sen`tripetl; sen'triptl/ adj tech tending to move
in a direction towards the centre【术语】向心（力）的：centrip
etal force 向心力 — opposite 反义词 centrifugal
cen·trist /`sentrist; 'sentrst/ n, adj (of) a person who supports
the CENTRE1(4) in politics; MODERATE〔政治上的)中间派（的），
温和派（的），走中间路线的（人）
cen·tu·ri. on /sen`tjurien; sen'tfuarien/ n an army officer of
ancient Rome, commanding a company of about 100 soldiers
〔古罗马军团指挥100名士兵的〕百人队队长，百夫长
*cen·tu. ry /`sentferi;'sentferi/ n 1 a period of 100 years 一百年
2 (sometimes cap. 有时大写) any of the 100-year periods
counted forwards or backwards from the supposed year of
Christ's birth 一世纪：The period 1900-1999 is the twentieth
century. 1900年至1999年这一段时期为20世纪。| There have
been two World Wars during this century. (=since 1900)本世
纪发生了两次世界大战。| He was born at the turn of the
century. (=about 1900)他出生于上世纪末或本世纪初。3100
runs made by one cricket player in one INNINGS〔一名板球运动
员在一局内所得的)一百分：He madelscored a century. 他在一
局比赛中得了100分。
CEO /si i`o; si: i: 'eu/ n abbrey, for 缩写= Chief Executive
Officer; the person in charge of a large company 行政总裁：
She was appointed CEO in March. 她在3月份被任命为行政
总裁
ce. phal. ic /se`faelik; s'faelik/ adj [A] tech of or connected with
the head【术语】头（部）的
ce·ram·ics /se`raemiks; s'raemiks/ n 1 [U] the making of pots. 
TILES etc by shaping pieces of clay and baking them until they
are hard 制陶[瓷]术；陶[瓷] 器制造；陶瓷工艺 2 [P] articles pro-
duced in this way 陶 [瓷]器：an exhibition of ceramics and
sculpture 陶器及雕刻品展览 - ceramic adj: ceramic tiles in
the bathroom 浴室中的瓷砖
Cer·be·rus /`s3bres; 's3:bares/ in Greek MYTHOLOGY, a dog with
three heads who guarded the entrance to HADES (=the place
where the spirits of dead people are supposed to live)刻耳柏洛
斯〔希腊神话中把守冥府大门的猛犬，长有三个头〕
ce·re·al /`siriel; 'siariel/ n 1 [C] a plant grown to produce grain
for food, such as wheat, rice etc 谷类植物，谷物：Oats and bar-
ley are cereals. 燕麦和大麦是谷类植物。| cereal crops 谷类
作物 2 [C; U] a food made from grain. In Britain and the US
cereals such as CORNFLAKES are often eaten for breakfast, [经
加工的〕谷类食品〔在英美两国，人们早餐常吃玉米片等谷类食品〕
cer·e·bel. lum /seri`belem;ser'belem/n med a part of the brain
below the cerebrum, concerned with controlling movements
of the body【医】小脑
cer·e·bral /^`serebrel; 'serbrel/ adj1 [no comp. 无比较级] med
of or connected with the brain【医】大脑的，脑的：a cerebral
hemorrhage 脑出[溢]血 2 especially fml or humor using or
needing effort of the mind rather than the feelings; (too)
INTELLECTUAL【尤正式或幽】要运用智力或理智的；诉诸理性的；
非感情方面的：a rather cerebral person/film 一个相当偏重于
理智的人；一部触动理智的影片 — ~ly adv
cerebral pal. sy /，. · ·/ n [U] a disease caused by damage to
the brain before or during birth. People with cerebral palsy
have difficulty in controlling their muscles and in speaking. 大
脑性麻痹，脑瘫〔出生前或出生时由于脑损伤引起的一种疾病，患
者有肌肉控制及言语障碍〕 — see also 另见 CONDUCTIVE EDU-
CATION
cer·e·bra. tion /sere`brefen;ser'breifan/ n [U] fml or humor
the working of the brain; the act of thinking【正式或幽】大脑的
作用[机能]：思想活动，思考
ce·re·brum /serebrem; se'ri:brem/n-brums or -bra /-bre;-bre/
med the front part of the brain, concerned with thought and
decision【医】大脑
cer·e·mo. ni·al1/, sere`moniel;ser'meuniel/ adj marked by or
done according to ceremony 礼仪的；仪式的； the President's
ceremonial duties 总统的礼仪性职责 — ~ly ady
ceremonial2n [C; U](a) special ceremony for a particular event
典礼，仪式，礼仪：religious ceremonial 宗教仪式
cer·e·mo·ni·ous /sere`monies;ser'meunies/ adj paying great
attention to ceremony and formal behaviour; extremely for-
mal or polite （过分）讲究礼仪的；隆重的；客套的 — see also 另
见 UNCEREMONIOUS - — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
*cer. e·mo. ny /`sere, moni; 'sermeni/ n 1 [C] a special formal. 
solemn, and long-established action or set of actions used for
marking an important social or religious event 典礼，大典，仪
式：a wedding ceremony 结婚典礼|The new graduates re-
ceive their degrees at a special ceremony. 毕业生在一个特别
的典礼上接受颁发的学位。 — see also 另见 MASTER OF CER-
EMONIES 2 [U] the special order and formal behaviour de
manded by custom on particular occasions 礼仪，礼节：The
queen was crowned with due ceremony, 女王按照规定的礼仪
加冕。 — see also 另见 stand on ceremony (STAND' (24))
ce. rise /se`riz; se'ri:z/ adj clear pinkish red in colour 淡红色的
0267
樱桃红的 - cerise n[U]
CERN abbrey, for 缩写= Centre Europeen de Recherche
Nucleaire (=European Nuclear Research Centre); a scientific
organization based in Geneva, Switzerland that studies PAR-
TICLE PHYSICS. Its members are from 19 European countries
and its LABORATORY is one of the largest in the world. It has
the world's largest particle ACCELERATOR(=special equipment
for making very small pieces of matter move at very high
speeds). 欧洲原子能研究中心〔从事粒子物理学研究的一个科研机
构，总部设在瑞士日内瓦，其成员来自19个欧洲国家，实验室为世
界最大的实验室之一。它拥有世界最大的粒子加速器
cert1 /s3t; s3:t/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] BrE infml a
certainty; something considered certain to happen or succeed
【英，非正式】必然发生的事；绝对确实的事：It's a(dead) cert that
this horse will win the race. 这匹马肯定无疑会在这场比赛中
获胜。
cert2 written abbrey, for 缩写= CERTIFICATE
cer·tain1 /`s3tn; 's3:tn/ adj 1 proved beyond all doubt to exist
or to be true; clearly known千真万确的，确无疑的；肯定的
确知的：There is no certain cure for this illness. 医治这种病还
没有绝对有效的药物。| It's almost certain (that) they're dead
by now. 几乎可以确定他们此刻已经死亡。| It's not certain
when he livec. 关于他生活的年代, 至今还不太清楚。2[F
(about, of)] (of people) completely confident about the truth
of something; having no doubt; sure 〔人〕有把握的，确信的：She
was quite certain (about/of it). 她（对此）很有把握。| [+(that)
I'm almost certain (that) she saw me yesterday. 我几乎可以
肯定她昨天看见我了。| [+wh-] We're not certain where he
lives. 我们不敢肯定他住在哪儿。3 sure (to happen); so likely
that there can be no real doubt 肯定会发生的；必然的：The army
marched off to face certain death. 部队开赴前线，去面对必死
的命运。| [F+to-v] She's certain to find out/to pass the exam
她肯定会发现[考试及格]。| It's certain (that) the price of gold
will go up. 金价必然会上涨。| It now looks certain that the
game will be postponed. 现在看来比赛肯定要延期举行了。4 for
certain without doubt 确定地，肯定地：I know for certain that
he's in there, but he won't answer me. 我肯定他就在里面，但
他就是不回答我。5 make certain to do something so as to be
sure 把··弄清楚，使确实；确保：Make certain (that) you know
what time the train goes. 你得弄清楚火车开车的确切时间。|
We went to the theatre early and made certain we all got
seats/made certain of getting seats. 我们很早就去剧场，以确
保我们人人都有座位。— see 参见 SURE(USAGE)
*certain2 determiner 1 of a particular but not clearly described
type; quantity, degree etc 某，某一，某种；一定的：There are
certain reasons why this information cannot be made public. 
有某些原因使得这条消息不能公开。| It's not a beautiful
building, but it has a certain charm. 这座建筑并不美，但有某
种魅力。| When the water reaches a certain level, the pump
switches itself off. 当水位达到一定的高度, 水泵即自动关闭。
2 named but not known 某某，某位〔称其名但不识其人)：A cer
tain Ms Jones phoned you today, 有位叫琼斯女士的人今天给
你来过电话。3 some but not a lot 一些：He makes a certain
profit from his business but he'll never be rich. 他做生意能赚
到一些钱，但他永远不会发大财。| I agree with you to a cer-
tain extent, but . 我在一定程度上同意你的观点，但是·
certain3 pron [+of] fml certain ones; some but not all【正式】某
几个，某些：Certain of these questions have never been
answered. 在这些问题中，有几个还一直无人解答。
cer·tain·ly ^`s3·tnlr: 's3:tnli/ ady without doubt; of course 的确. 
无疑，一定；当然：He certainly works very hard. 他的确非常努
力工作。|“Will you help me?”“Certainly (I will). ”“你会帮
我吗？”“当然（会）。”|“Shall I drive?”“Certainly not!”“我
来开车好吗？”“当然不行！
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 certainly and 和
definitely. 1 Definitely is used to give strength to
statement, definitely 用于强调某一陈述：He's definitely
the best plaver in the team. (他确实是队里最出色的球员。)
Certainly is often used when there is some doubt left in
the speaker's mind, certainly 常在说话人多少有点疑问的
情况下使用； It's certainly very bedutiful, but it's far too
expensive. (这东西的确很漂亮，但价钱太贵了。) Sometimes
the doubts are not expressed openly but only suggested有
时这种疑问并不明显地表示出来，而仅是暗示：“He's a bril
liant student, isn't he?” \"Well, he certainly works ver
hard. ”(=but I do not agree that he is brilliant)(“他是个很
有才华的学生，是不是？”“噢，他学习的确很刻苦。”)2 Defi-
nitely is more common than certainly in reply to a request
for information. 在回答具体询问时， definitely 比 certainly
更为常用：“Is he good at his job?”“Oh yes, definitely. 
(“他工作得好吗？”“啊，当然好啦。”)3 Certainly (like of
course)but not definitely can be used in reply to a request. 
回答请求时，可用 certainly(和 of course 一样)，而不能用
definitely: “Can you help me with my homework?” “Yes
certainly. ”(“你能帮帮我做作业吗？”“当然可以。”)— see
also 另见 SURELY (USAGE)
cer·tain·ty /`s3·tnti; 's3:tnti/ n 1 [C] also 又作 cert BrE infml
【英，非正式】- something that is certain to be true or certain
to happen 确定 [实]的事；必然发生的事：It's a dead (=complete)
certainty that this horse will win the race. 这匹马在比赛中获
胜是必定的。| I know for a certainty that the company has
been bought up. 我确实知道公司已经被人收购了。2 [(with) U]
the state of being certain; freedom from doubt 确实（性），确定
性；无疑，肯定：I can't say with (any) certainty what my plans
are. 我无法肯定地说我都有些什么计划。
cer·ti·fi·ab·le /`s3·te faiebl: 's3:tfaiebal/ adj that can or should
be certified (CERTIFY), especially as being mad 可以 [应该作
出]证明的：〔尤指〕可以证明为患精神病的
cer. tif. i. cate /sa`tifekit; se'tifiket/ n a DOCUMENT (=official
paper) giving a statement made by an official person that a
fact or facts are true 证明，证书；文凭；执照；凭单：a birth/mar-
riage/death certificate出生[结婚;死亡]证明书| a certifi. 
cate of health 健康证明书
cer·tif·i·cat·ed /se`tife ketid: se'tifikeitd/ adj especially BrE
having successfully completed a course of training for a
profession【尤英】完成专业培训的；有资格的；合格的；取得执照
的：a certificated nurse 持有证书的合格护士
certificate of de·pos. it /·，. ·. ·/n a document proving that
its owner has placed a specific sum of money in a bank, and
that the bank has agreed to pay a specific rate of INTEREST存
款单
certified mail /· '/ n [U] AmE mail sent by RECORDED
DELIVERY【美】挂号邮件
certified milk /，· '·/ n [U] AmE for【美】= ATTESTED MILK
certified pub·lic ac·coun·tant /，··. '·/ n AmE for【美】=
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT
cer·ti·fy /`s3te fai; 's3:tfai/ v [T] 1 to declare that (something)
is correct or true, especially after some kind of test〔尤指通过
某种检验〕证明··无误 [真实]：The bank certified my accounts
银行证明我的账目无误。| [+obj+adj] The doctor certified the
prisoner insane. 医生证明这个被拘押的人精神异常。| [+that]
I certify that I witnessed the signing of this document. 本人为
此项文件签字过程之见证人，特此证明。2 to give a CERTIFICATE
to (someone) declaring successful completion of a course of
training for a profession 给〔某人〕颁发（完成专业培训的）合格
证书：a certified teacher 持有证书的合格教师 3 to declare of-
ficially to be mad 证明〔某人〕有精神病
cer·ti·tude /`s3te tjud; 's3:tatju:d/n [U] fml the state of being
or feeling certain; freedom from doubt【正式】确实性，确定性；
确信
ce·ru·le·an /se`rulien; s'ru:lien/ adj tech or lit deep blue, like
a clear sky【术语或文】天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的
Ce. rul-lo /se`rulo; se'ru:leu/, Morris (1932- )a US Christian
leader and TELEVANGELIST (=someone who teaches religion
on television) who has his own company called Worldwide
Evangelism Inc 切鲁洛〔(1932-)，美国基督教领袖和电视福音
传道士，拥有自己的公司，名为世界基督教福音传道股份有限公
司〕
Cer. van·tes /s3`vaentiz: s3:'vaenti:z/, Mi. guel de /mi`gwel de:
mi'gwel de/(1547-1616) a Spanish writer, best known for his
novel DON QUIXOTE, one of the most important works of Euro-
pean literature 塞万提斯〔(1547-1616)，西班牙作家，以小说《唐
吉诃德》最为出名，该书是欧洲文学最重要的作品之一
cer·vi·cal /`s3·yikl; 's3:yikal/ adj med of a neck or cervix【医】
颈（部）的：子宫颈的：cervical vertebrae 颈椎骨| cervical can-
cer 子宫颈癌
cervical smear /，· '·/ ‖ Pap smear AmE【美】— n a test for
CANCER of the cervix. Women are advised to have this test
regularly. 子宫颈涂片检查〔指子宫颈癌检查，建议女性定期作此
项检查〕
cer·vix /`s3viks; 's3:viks/ n -vices /-vesiz; -visi:z/ or -vixes med
the narrow necklike opening into the WOMB【医】子宫颈
ce·sar·e·an /si`zerien:s'zearien/n a CAESAREAN 剖腹产（手
术)
ces. sa·tion /se`sefen; se'seifan/ n [C; U (of)] fml a short pause
or a stop【正式】〔暂时〕停止，休止，中断：a cessation of hostili-
0268
ties (=fighting with an enemy)休战 | a momentary cessation
of breathing 呼吸暂停
ces·sion /`sefen; 'sefan/ n [C; U] fml (an example of) the giv. 
ing of land, property, or rights【正式】〔领土的〕割让；〔财产、权
力的)转让 — see also`另见 CEDE
cess·pit /`ses, pit; 'ses, pit/ also 又作 cess·pool /^`ses pul; 'ses, pu:l/
- n an underground container or hole, in which waste from a
building, especially body waste(SEWAGE), is collected 污水
坑；化粪池
ce·tac·ean /si`tefen; si'teifan/ adj, n tech (of) a fishlike MAM. 
MAL (=an animal which feeds its young on milk) which lives
in water, such as a WHALE【术语】鲸类动物（的
Cey. lon /si`lan: s'lpn/ the former name of SRI LANKA. The name
Ceylon' is still used when talking about tea, which is an im-
portant EXPORT product of Sri Lanka. 锡兰〔斯里兰卡的旧称
人们在谈论斯里兰卡的重要出口商品—茶叶时仍使用这个名
称)：a cup of Ceylon tea 一杯锡兰茶
Ce. zanne /si`zaen; si'zaen/, Paul /pol; po:l/ (1839-1906) a
French IMPRESSIONIST painter, who helped to develop POST
IMPRESSIONISM and who influenced the development of CUB
ISM and ABSTRACT art 塞尚〔(1839-1906)，法国印象派画家，曾
对发展后印象主义起过作用，并影响了立体派和抽象艺术的发展)
cf. written abbrev. for 缩写= compare
CFC/si ef`si: si: ef'si:/ n abbrev. for 缩写= chlorofluorocarbon:
a gas used in REFRIGERATORS and in some AEROSOLS which is
believed to be responsible for damaging the OZONE LAYER. 
Because of this many countries have agreed to stop producing
CFCs. 含氯氟烃〔冰箱和某些喷雾剂中所使用的一种气体，被认为
对臭氧层具有破坏作用。由于这个原因，许多国家同意停止生产该
气体〕
Chab. lis /fae`bli: 'faebli:/ trademark an expensive type of dry
white wine produced in N Burgundy, France【商标】沙布利白
葡萄酒〔产于法国勃艮第北部的一种名贵的干白葡萄酒〕
cha-cha /`tfo `tf: 'tfo: tfg:/ also又作 cha-cha-cha /·· / - n
chas a fast spirited dance of South American origin 恰恰舞
〔源自拉丁美洲的一种节奏明快的舞蹈)
Chad /tfaed; tfaed/ a country in north central Africa, betweer
Niger and Sudan. Population: 6, 361, 000 (1995). Capital:
N'djaména. 乍得〔中非北部一国，位于尼日尔和苏丹之间。人口
6, 361, 000(1995), 首都：恩贾梅纳)
chafe /tfef; tfeif/ y 1 [I: T] to (cause to) become sore or worr
by rubbing （使） 擦痛，（使） 擦伤，（使） 擦破：Her new shoes chafed
her feet. 新鞋擦破了她脚上的皮。2 [T] to make (part of the
body) warm by rubbing 把〔身上某一部位)擦热 3 [I (at, under)]
to become or be impatient or annoyed〔因··而)恼怒，发火；焦
躁：They are beginning to chafe atlunder these restrictions. 
他们对这些限制开始感到恼火。 — see also 另见 chafe at the
bit(BIT2)
chaff1 /tfaef; tfa:f/n [U] 1 the HUSKs (=outer seed covers) sepa-
rated from grain before it is used as food 粗糠，谷壳 2 dried
grasses and plant stems used as food for farm animals饲料，草
料，秣 — see also 另见 the wheat from the chaff(WHEAT)
chaff2v [T] old-fash infml to make fun of (someone) in a friendly
way【过时，非正式】对〔某人〕友善地开玩笑，〔无恶意地〕戏弄
chaff3 n [U] old-fash infml friendly joking; BANTER【过时，非正
式】〔善意的〕玩笑，戏弄
chaf-finch /`tfaefintf; 'tfaefintf/ n a small bird with a cheerful
song, common in Europe 苍头燕雀〔常见于欧洲的一种小鸟，鸣
声悦耳
chafing dish /'· ·/ n‖also 又作 fondue AmE【美】- a con
tainer with a heater under it, used for cooking or keeping food
warm, especially at the table〔尤指放在餐桌上的)火锅，暖锅
Cha. gall /fae`gael; fae'gael/, Marc /mark; ma:k/ (1887-1985) a
Russian artist who lived in France and painted in bright colours
夏加尔〔(1887-1985)，旅居法国的俄罗斯画家，其作品色彩鲜明)
chag. rin'/fe`grin; 'faegrin/ n [U] fml annoyance and disap. 
pointment, caused by failure or unfulfilled hopes【正式】〔由失
败等引起的)懊恼，懊丧，悔恨：Much to his chagrin, he was not
offered the job. 使他极其懊恼的是，他没有得到那份工作
chagrin2v [T] to cause to feel chagrin; disappoint greatly 使懊
恼，使懊丧，使悔恨
*chain1/tfen; tfein/ n 1 [C; U] (a length of) usually metal rings
connected to or fitted into one another, used for fastening. 
supporting, decorating etc 链子，链条，锁链：The bridge was
supported by heavy iron chains hanging from two towers. 那
座桥由悬挂在两座塔架上的粗铁索承受着重量。| The Mavoress
wore her chain of office, (=her official chain) 女市长佩戴着象
征她职务的链徽。| She always wears a gold chain round her
neck. 她的脖子上总戴着一条金项链。2 [C (of)] a a number of
connected things 一系列 [一连串]事物：a mountain chain 山脉
a chain of events 一连串的事件 b a number of shops, hotels
etc under the same ownership or management 连锁商店[旅馆
等]：a well-known chain of fast-food restaurants 一家著名的
快餐连锁店 — see also 另见CHAIN STORE, FOOD CHAIN 3[C]
a number of people who are all buying houses from one another. 
so that each sale is dependent on the previous one 连环购房链：
I should be able to buy the house pretty quickly, since I'm
not in a chain. 因为不是相互连环购房，我应该能很快买下那间
房屋。4 [C] an old measurement of length 链〔旧时用的测量长
度单位) — see 参见 TABLE 2 5 in chains kept in prison or as
a slave 被监禁；被奴役
*chain2v [T+obj+adv/prep] to limit the freedom of (someone or
something) (as if) with a chain （好像）用链子拴住；束缚：The
dogs were chained up for the night. 夜间狗都被拴起来了。
The kidnappers chained the girl's hands and feet together
绑匪把那女孩的手脚用链子锁在一起。| With a sick husband
she's chained to the house all day. 丈夫有病，使她整天被困在
家里。
chain gang /'/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of prisoners chained
together for work outside their prison 被铁链拴在一起服劳役
的囚犯
chain let. ter /'. / n a letter sent to several people who are
asked to send copies to several more people. Chain letters
are meant to bring luck or sometimes great wealth, if you
are asked to send money to people on a list. 连锁信〔由一人邮
寄给数人，这些人再将此信复写多份后寄给更多的人，这种信意味
着能带来好运，如果按要求给名单上的人寄钱，有时会带来巨大财
富〕
chain-link fence /，. · '/ n especially AmE a type of fence made
from metal wires loosely woven together. Chain-link fences
are usually put around places to prevent people entering them, 
such as schools, prisons, or private gardens. 【尤美】钢丝网眼栅
栏〔常置于学校、监狱或私家花园等周围，以防闲人进入〕
chain mail /' ·/ also 又作 chain ar·mour /'· ·/ - n [U] armour
made by joining small metal rings together into a protective
garment, used especially in former times〔尤指旧时使用的)锁
子甲，连环甲
chain of com·mand /···'/n a system in an organization
by which decisions are passed from people at the top of the
organization to people lower down 行政管理体系，指挥链：Sym-
onds is third in the chain of command. 西蒙兹是第三把交椅。
chain re·ac·tion /，·'·/ n a number of related events or chemi-
cal changes, each of which causes the next 〔事件的〕连锁反应：
〔科学上的〕链式反应
chain saw /'/ n a SAW made up of a circular chain fitted with
teeth and driven by a motor 链锯 — compare 比较 CIRCULAR
SAW
chain-smoke /'/ v [I; T] to smoke (cigarettes) continually. 
especially lighting each new one from the previous one一支接
一支地吸〔烟〕- -smoker n
chain stitch /' / n [C; U] a way of sewing in which each new
stitch is pulled through the last one〔编织物的)链状针眼编织法
chain store /' / also 又作 multiple store especially BrE【尤
英】- n(any of) a group of usually large shops of the same
kind owned by one organization 连锁店〔同一公司属下的一组
相同的商店〕 — see also 另见 CHAIN'(2)
*chair1 /tfer; tfee/ n 1 [C] a piece of furniture for one person to
sit on, which usually has a back, a seat, four legs, and some-
times arms 椅子：sitting on a chair at her desk 坐在她办公桌
旁的椅子上|sitting in a comfortable chair watching TV 坐在
舒适的椅子上看电视 — see also 另见 ARMCHAIR, BATH CHAIR
DECKCHAIR, HIGH CHAIR, WHEELCHAIR 2 [C usually sing. -
般用单数](the office, position, or official seat of) a CHAIRPERSON. 
especially one in charge of a meeting〔尤指会议的)主持人，主
席；主席的席位 [职位]：Please address your remarks to the
chair. 请把你的意见跟主席说。| Who will be in the chair at
tomorrow's meeting?明天的会议由谁主持？ | She's the chair
of the housing committee. 她是住宅委员会的主席。— see 参见
CHAIRPERSON 3 [C (of)] the position of PROFESSOR 大学教授
的职位：She holds a chair of chemistry in the university. 她是
那所大学的化学教授。4 [the+S] infml (especially in the US)
the punishment of death by means of an ELECTRIC CHAIR【非正
式】[尤指美国的〕电椅死刑5[C] old use for【旧】=SEDAN CHAIR
chair2 v [T] 1 to be CHAIRPERSON of (a meeting)担任（会议）主
席[主持人]：The commission of inquiry was chaired by a well-
known judge. 调查委员会主席由一位著名的法官担任。2 BrE
to lift up and carry (someone), as a sign of admiration【英】将
〔某人〕抬起以示敬意：When he won the race his supporters
chaired him round the field. 他比赛获胜后，为他助威的人把他
抬起绕场一周
0269
swivel chair
转椅
chair lift /'/n an apparatus which carries people up and down
steep slopes in chairs that hang from a moving wire〔载运乘客
上下山的〕升降椅，空中缆椅
chair. man /`tfermen; 'tfeemen/ n -men /-men; -men/1 a
chairperson, especially a male one〔尤指男性的)主席：He was
elected chairman of the education committee. 他当选为教育
委员会主席。— see 参见 PERSON(USAGE) 2 the head, usually
male, of a large organization or company〔大组织、大公司，通
常为男性的〕董事长；会长；理事长；委员长；总裁：the chairman
of British Rail/American Airlines英国铁路[美国航空]公司的
董事长 3(in former times) a man employed to help carry a
SEDAN CHAIR〔旧时的〕轿夫
chair. man. ship /tfermen, fip;'tfeemenfip/ n [usually sing. -
般用单数]the rank, position, or period in office of chairman主
席的地位[身份、任期]：a commission of inquiry under the chair-
manship of a well-known judge 由一名著名法官担任主席的调
查委员会
*chair. per. son /`tfer, p3sn; 'tfee, p3:san/ n a person who is in
charge of a meeting or who directs the work of a committee or
organization〔主持会议或指导某个委员会或组织工作的〕主席；议
长；主持人 — see 参见 PERSON(USAGE)
chair. wom. an /tfer, wumen; 'tfee, wumen/ n-women /-，wimin;
-, wimin/ a female chairperson女主席；女议长；女主持人
chaise /fez; feiz/ n 1 a light two-wheeled or four-wheeled
carriage, used in former times, pulled by one horse〔旧时由一
匹马拉的〕二轮[四轮]轻便马车2AmE a CHAISE LONGUE【美】
躺椅；长靠椅
chaise longue /fez `lon;, feiz 'lon/ n chaises longues or chaise
longues (same pronunciation 读音相同) Fr【法】1 a COUCH, 
with an arm at only one end, on which you can sit and stretch
out your legs〔仅在一端有靠背扶手可坐可卧的〕躺椅，榻椅2AmE
a long chair for sitting back in【美】长靠椅
chal. et /fae`le; 'faelei/ n 1 a usually wooden house or hut with a
steeply sloping roof, especially common in Switzerland〔屋顶
陡斜的〕木造农舍；〔尤指瑞士的〕山地农舍式房子2 especially
BrE a small house(BUNGALOW)or hut, especially in a holiday
camp【尤英】〔尤指休假营地的)小屋 — compare 比较LODGE2
(3)
chalet par. ty /'. . /n BrE a skiing (SKI) holiday during which
a number of people, especially young, single and wealthy
people, stay in a chalet. The travel company employs others to
do the cooking and cleaning. 【英】木屋会〔尤指一群富有的单身
年轻人住在木屋别墅里滑雪度假，旅行公司雇人为他们做饭、打扫
卫生〕
chal-ice /`tfaelis; 'tfaels/ n a gold or silver decorated cup, used
especially to hold wine in Christian religious services〔用金或
银装饰的〕酒杯；〔尤指基督教的〕圣餐杯，圣杯
*chalk1 /tfok; tfo:k/n 1 [U] a soft white or grey rock (LIMESTONE)
originally formed in ancient times from the shells of very small
chairs 椅子
sea animals 白垩：chalk hills 白垩山地 | Some plants will not
grow on chalk. 有些植物在白垩土质的地方不能生长。2[C;U]
(a piece of) this substance, white or coloured, used for writing
or drawing （一支）粉笔：The teacher wrote on the blackboard
with a piece of chalk. 老师用一支粉笔在黑板上写字。| a box
of coloured chalks 一盒彩色粉笔 3 as different as chalk and
cheese BrE infml completely unlike each other【英，非正式】实
质完全不同的，截然不同的
rocking chair
chalk2 v [T(on, UP)] to write, mark, or draw with chalk 用粉笔
摇椅
书写[绘]：to chalk(up) political slogans on walls 用粉笔在墙
上写政治标语
chalk sthg. out phr v [T] to describe in a general way, in
words or with drawings〔用言语或图画)大致描述，概略地说明：
The general chalked out his plan of attack. 将军把他的进攻计
划用图大致描述了一番。
chalk sthg. →up phr v [T] infml【非正式】1 to succeed in
getting (especially points in a game)赢得〔尤指比分)；取得，达
garden chair BrE/
到：Our team has chalked up another victory. 我们队又赢得了
lawn chair AmE
一场胜利。2 [(to, against)] to charge to, or record on, someone's
折椅；草地躺椅
account or your own account 把·记在某人[自己]账上：Chalk
up the drinks to me. 把酒钱记在我账上。| Anything you do
wrong will be chalked up against you. 你做错任何事，都要记
下来和你算账的。
chalk·board /`tfok, bord; 'tfo:kbo:d/ n AmE for【美】= BLACK-
BOARD
chalk. y /`tfoki;'tfo:ki/ adj of or like(white)chalk(似)白垩的；
(似)粉笔的：chalky soil 白垩质土壤 | the chalky whiteness of
high chair
his face 他苍白的脸色 - -iness n [U]
(婴儿)高脚椅
chal. lenge1/`tfaelind3; 'tfaelnd3/ v[T] 1 [(to)] to invite
(someone)to compete against you in a fight, match etc邀请
〔某人〕比赛；向··挑战：I challenged him to a game of tennis. 
我邀他和我赛一场网球。| [+obj+to-v] I challenge you to race
me across the lake. 我跟你比一比，看谁先游过这个湖。- com-
pare 比较 DARE'(2) 2 to question the rightness, legality etc of;
DISPUTE 对〔某事的正确性、合法性等〕质疑；对··表示怀疑：She
challenged the authority of the court. 她对法院的权威性提出
疑问。|Traditional female roles are constantly being chal-
lenged by contemporary feminists. 传统的女性角色正在不断
受到当代女权主义者的质疑。3 to test the abilities of (a person
or thing); STIMULATE 考验·的能力；激发，激励：I only like to
study something if it really challenges me. 我只喜欢研究真正
对我有所考验的东西。|[+obj+to-v] The difficulty of putting
our ideas into practice challenged us to find a new method. 
我们的设想在付诸实践中所遇到的困难，激励了我们去寻求新的方
法。4 to stop and demand official proof of the name and inten-
tions of(someone)喝令站住，盘问〔其姓名、身份、意图等)：The
sentry challenged the stranger. 哨兵喝令那个陌生人站住，对
他进行盘问。5 law to declare that you will not accept (a JUROR)
before the beginning of a case【律】〔开审前在选定陪审员时)对
(某候选陪审员)表示反对 - -lenger n
challenge2n 1 [C] an invitation to compete in a fight, match
etc 挑战书；〔比赛等的〕提议：a challenge to a game of tennis
赛一场网球的挑战书 | The President faces a challenge to his
leadership from his deputy. 董事长面临着他的副手要争夺其领
导权的挑战。| [+to-v] He accepted his friend's challenge to
swim across the river. 他接受了朋友要和他比赛游泳过河的提
议。2 [C] a questioning of the rightness, legality etc of
something〔对某事的正确性、合法性等的〕质疑：This new report
represents a challenge to the accepted version of events. 这
份新报告对人们所公认的关于那些事件的说法提出了疑问。3[C;
U](something with) the quality of testing strength, skill, or
ability 挑战性；具有挑战性的事物：One of the biggest challenges
facing the present government is that of creating new jobs
and new industries. 现政府所面临的最大挑战之一是创造新的
就业机会和新的工业。| I'm looking for a job with a bit more
challenge. 我正在找一份更具挑战性的工作。4[C] a demand
to stop and give proof of your name, intentions etc喝停盘问：
The stranger was met with the challenge 'Who goes there?'
那个陌生人遇到（哨兵）喝问“什么人？”5[C] law a statement that
you will not accept a JUROR, made before the beginning of a
case【律】〔开审前在选定陪审员时〕一方对某候选人提出的反对意
见
chal-lenged /tfaelind3d; 'tfaelnd3d/ adj euph DISABLED, es-
pecially in the stated way【婉】〔尤指在某一方面〕残疾的：[also
又作 n, the+P] special facilities for the visually challenged
(=blind people, or those who cannot see well)供视力上有残疾
的人使用的特殊设备
Chal. len. ger /`tfaelind3e; 'tfaelnd3e/ a US SPACE SHUTTLE1
(2)which exploded after TAKEOFF on one of its flights in 1986，
0270
killing all the people inside. The terrible accident was watched
on television by many people and shocked the whole of the
US. “挑战者”号航天飞机〔美国一航天飞机，在1986年的一次飞
行中起飞后即发生爆炸，机内人员全部丧生。许多人在电视上目睹
了这起可怕的事件，举国震惊〕
chal·leng·ing /`tfaelind3in; 'tfaelnd3in/ adj needing the full use
of your abilities and effort; difficult, but in an interesting way
富有挑战性的；需要充分发挥能力的；困难而有趣的，具有刺激性
的：a challenging problem 一个富有挑战性的难题 | She finds
her new job very challenging. 她发现自己的新工作很有挑战
性。
cham·ber /`tfembe; 'tfeimbe/ n 1 old use a room, especially a
bedroom【旧】室，房间；〔尤指〕寝室，卧室 2 (the hall used for
meetings of) a usually elected law-making body 〔立法机构使
用的)会议厅；议会，议院：In Britain the upper chamber of
Parliament is the house of lords, the lower the house ot
Commons. 在英国，议会的上议院叫“贵族院”，下议院叫“平民
院”。3 [often pl. 常用复数] a room set aside for a special pur-
pose 作特殊用途的房间：Cases not dealt with in court are some-
times heard in the judge's chambers. 不在法庭上处理的案件
有时就在法官的专用办公室里审理。4 an enclosed space, espe-
cially in a body or machine〔动植物体内的〕室，腔；〔机器等内部
的)室：The heart has four chambers. 心脏有四个腔室。| burial
chambers 墓室
cham. ber. lain /`tfemba-lin; 'tfeimbeln/ n an important offi-
cial who manages the affairs of a king's or nobleman's court
with regard to cleaning, cooking, buying food etc宫廷内臣；贵
族的管家
Chamberlain, Nev·ille /`nvil: 'nevl/ (1869-1940) a British
politician in the CONSERVATIVE Party who was elected Prime
Minister in 1937. He was generally criticized for his policy of
APPEASEMENT towards Hitler's Germany(=agreeing to their
demands)and for British military failures at the beginning of
World War II. As a result he was replaced as Prime Minister
by Winston Churchill in 1940. People in the UK remember
him for using the phrase 'Peace in our time', and for announc-
ing on the radio that the UK was at war with Germany. 张伯伦
〔(1869-1940)，英国保守党政治家，1937年当选英国首相，因其
对纳粹德国采取的“绥靖政策”以及第二次世界大战初期英国在军
事上的失利而广受批评。结果、1940年温斯顿·丘吉尔取代他出任
首相。他说的“我们时代的和平”以及在广播中对德宣战给英国人
留下深刻印象) - — see also 另见 MUNICH AGREEMENT
Chamberlain, Wilt (1936- )a US BASKETBALL player, known
as Wilt the Stilt because of his height (2. 16 metres). He set sev. 
eral records for the number of points he won. 张伯伦〔(1936-)
美国篮球运动员，因其身高2. 16米而以“长脚威尔特”出名，他曾
多次创下得分记录〕
cham. ber. maid /`tfemba med; 'tfeimbemeid/ n a female ser-
vant employed to clean and tidy bedrooms, especially in a hotel
〔尤指旅馆中的〕房间女服务员；打扫房间的女仆
chamber mu·sic /'·，·/ n [U] music written for a small group
of instruments and suitable for performance in a private home
or small hall 室内乐〔适合在家庭或小厅堂内由小型乐队演奏的
音乐〕
chamber of com·merce /，···/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of
businessmen, especially in a particular town or area, working
together for the purpose of improving trade〔尤指某地的〕商会
chamber of hor·rors /··'··/n a place in which very unpleas-
ant or frightening objects can be seen, especially the room
which shows models of famous criminals and murders in Ma-
dame Tussaud's MUSEUM of WAXWORKS in London 恐怖室〔尤
指伦敦图索德夫人蜡像馆中陈列臭名昭著的罪犯和凶杀场面蜡像
的房间〕
chamber or. ches. tra /'·，. / n [C+sing. /pl. v] a small group
of musicians, usually with one player for each instrumenta
part 室内乐队〔每种乐器通常只有一位演奏员〕
chamber pot /'·/ n a round container for liquid and solid
body waste, usually used in the bedroom and kept under the
bed. Chamber pots are now usually used only by the old or
sick. 夜壶，尿壶〔现在一般只有老年人或病人使用〕 — compare 
比较 BEDPAN, POTTY2
cha·me·le·on /ke`milien; ke'mi:lien/ n 1 a small LIZARD that
can change its colour to match its surroundings 变色蜥蜴 2 some
one who changes their behaviour, ideas etc, to suit the situa-
tion 善变的人，见风转舵者
cham·ois1/faemi; 'faemwa:/n chamois /`faemiz; 'faemwa:z/ a
small wild goatlike animal from the mountains of Europe and
SW Asia〔产于欧洲及亚洲西南部山区的〕小羚羊
cham·ois2 /`faemi; 'faemi/ also 又作 chamois leath·er /'·，·/. 
chammy faemi; 'faemi/, shammy - n chamois `faemiz;
'faemiz/ [C; U] (a piece of) soft leather prepared from the skin
of chamois, sheep, or goats and used for cleaning and polish-
ing 羚羊皮软革〔以羚羊、山羊、绵羊皮制成，用于擦拭物体〕
cham·o·mile /`kaeme, mail; 'kaememail/ n [C;U] CAMOMILE洋
甘菊；春黄菊
champ1/tfaemp; tfaemp/ also 又作 chomp - ν[I (on, at); T]
(of a horse) to bite noisily(马)大声咀嚼：The horse is champ-
ing (at) his hay. 马在大声地咀嚼草料。 — see also 另见 champ
at the bit (BIT2)
champ2n infml for【非正式】= CHAMPION' (1)
cham·pagne /faem`pen; faem'pem/ also 又作 cham·pers /faempaz;
'faempez/ BrE infml【英，非正式】- n [U] an expensive (French)
white wine containing a lot of BUBBLES, usually drunk on spe
cial occasions. Champagne used to be drunk only by the very
rich, but now a lot of people occasionally drink it. 〔法国〕香槟
酒〔过去只有非常有钱的人才喝，现在许多人偶尔也尝一下〕：a
champagne reception (=at which champagne is served)香槟
酒招待会 — see also 另见 SPARKLING WINE
cham·pi·on1/`tfaempien; 'tfaempien/ n1 also 又作 champ infml
【非正式】- a person or animal that has won a competition of
skill, strength etc, especially a sporting competition〔尤指体育
比赛中的)冠军，优胜者：a tennis champion 网球冠军| the
world chess champion 国际象棋世界冠军| the reigning heavy-
weight boxing champion (=the champion at the present time)
现任重量级拳击冠军| a champion racehorse 一匹获得冠军的
赛马 2 [(of)] a person who fights for, supports strongly, or
defends a principle, movement, person etc〔为某一原则、运动、
人士等而奋斗的)斗士：a champion of women's rights/of the
poor 为妇女权益[贫苦大众]而奋斗的人
champion2v [T] to fight for, support strongly, or defend (a
principle, movement, person etc)为〔原则、运动、人士等〕而斗
争；支持；维护：He has championed numerous causes con-
nected with civil liberties. 他支持了许多与公民自由有关的事
业。
champion3 adj, adv N EngE infml very good or well【英格兰北
部，非正式】极好的；好得很：“How do you feel?” “Champion, 
thanks!” “你觉得怎样？” “很好，谢谢！”
cham·pi·on-ship /`tfaempien, fip;'tfaempienfip/n1 [C] alsc
又作 championships pl. - a competition held to find the cham-
pion 锦标赛，冠军赛：The championship will be held tomorrow
锦标赛将于明天举行。| the European basketball champion-
ship 欧洲篮球锦标赛 2 [C] the position, title, rank, or period
of being champion 冠军的地位〔称号、等级、保持称号的时期)：
I don't think this new boxer can take the championship from
him. 我认为这位新拳击手不可能从他手里夺走冠军的称号。3[U
(of)] the act of championing 维护；支持：The party is well known
for its championship of women's rights. 该党以维护妇女权益
而闻名。
Champs E·ly·sees, the /fanz eli`ze;fonz e'li:zei/ an impor
tant street in Paris which leads up to the Arc de Triomphe. It is
famous for its cafes, where customers sit at tables outside and
watch people passing by. 香榭丽舍大街〔巴黎的一条著名街道
通往凯旋门，以其露天咖啡馆出名。在那里人们可以坐在室外，看
行人往来〕
*chance1/tfaens; tfa:ns/ n 1 [U] the force that seems to make
things happen without cause or reason, and that cannot be con-
trolled or influenced by humans; luck; good or bad fortune偶
然性：运气，运道：机缘：Chance plays an important part in many
card games. 在不少纸牌戏中，运气往往起着重要作用。| It hap-
pened quite by chance. 这完全是偶然发生的。| Have you got
a spare stamp by any chance?你也许碰巧有张多余的邮票吧？
2 [C; U (of)](a) possibility; (degree of) likelihood that some-
thing will happen, especially something desirable 可能（性），
机会；希望，把握，胜算：You'd have more chance of catching
the train if you got a bus to the station instead of walking. 你
要是搭公共汽车而不步行去火车站，就更有可能赶上火车。| The
withdrawal of the American from the competition has greatly
increased the Italian's chances of success. 美国人退出比赛大
大增加了意大利人成功的机会。|[+(that)] There's some
chancela good chance that she'll be released without being
chargec. 她[很]有可能会被释放并免于起诉。| There's an
outside chance (=a small chance) that he'll win. 他获胜的可
能性很小。| She pinned her hopes on the chance of getting
the part. 她把希望寄托在获得这个角色的可能性上。| The thea-
tre was almost fully booked. but he went on the off chance
(=because of the unlikely possibility) of getting a ticket. 剧院
的座位几乎已预订一空，但他还是怀着一线希望（能弄到一张戏
票) 去了剧院。| You don't stand a chance of winning the case. 
(=there is no likelihood that you will)你没有胜诉的可能。|/
think I'm in with a chance of winning this competition. 我认
0271
为我在这次比赛中有获胜的可能。| Is there any chance of/What
are the chances of getting an interview with her? 有没有可能
约她作一次采访？ | Not a chance/No chance! (=certainly not)
根本不可能！|(infml 非正式) Chances are (=it is likely) she's
already heard the news. 很可能她已经听到这消息了。[ I'd say
she's got about a fifty-fifty chance of passing. (=it is equally
likely that she will pass as that she will fail)我估计她及格和不
及格的可能性各占一半。| It was a chance in a million that he
should have broken his leg on that particular day. (=he was
extremely unlucky)他太倒霉了，偏偏在那天跌断了腿。3[C
(of)] a situation that is favourable for a particular purpose:
OPPORTUNITY 机会，良机，机遇，有利时机：I never miss a chance
of playing football. 我从不错过踢足球的机会。| [+to-v] He had
no chance to apologize. 他没有机会表示歉意。| The long spell
of dry weather gave us a chance to paint the house, 长时间的
干燥天气为我们创造了油漆屋子的有利时机。| Those poor chil-
dren haver't got a chance in life. 那些贫苦的孩子在人生中连
一个机会都没有。| If I give you a second chance will you
promise to be good?如果我再给你一次机会，你会答应听话吗？|
You should accept - you may never get another chance. 你
应该接受 —因为你不一定再有机会了。| The offer of a free
trip round the world is the chance of a lifetime. 获赠免费环
球旅游是一生难得的机会。4 [C;U (of)](a) risk 冒险：The rope
might break, but that's a chance we'll have to take!绳子可能
会断，但我们得冒这个险！| There's always an element of
chance (=some risk) in buying stocks and shares. 买债券和股
票总要冒一些风险。| Let's find another place to park — I
don't want to take the chance of getting a fine. 我们另找个停
车地点吧，我可不愿冒险挨罚。5 given half a chance also 又作
if you give someone half a chance used in order to say that
someone is very likely to do something if they have an
opportunity （如果有机会的话）极可能：I don't blame you for
asking-I'm sure I'd have done the same thing myself, given
half a chance. 我不是怪你打听——如果有可能的话，我肯定也
会这样做的。| He'll start telling you all his war stories if you
give him half a chance. 他一有机会就会开始向你讲他的战争经
历。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 chance, opportunity
and 和 occasion. 1 Both chance and opportunity can mean
a time suitable for doing something you want to do'. 名词
chance 和 opportunity 均可表示机会、时机：I'll have a
chance/an opportunity to visit the Louvre when I'm in
Paris. (我到了巴黎将有机会参观卢浮宫。)2 You can use
chance, but not opportunity, to talk about possibility alone
在只表示可能性时，可用 chance, 但不能用 opportunity
There is a chance (=a possibility) that I'll see him, (我有
可能见到他。)3 An occasion is either a moment when some-
thing happens, 而 occasion 则指某事发生的某一时间：I was
punished by the teacher on several occasions, (我有好几
回被老师罚。) or a reason 或表示某事发生的某种理由：I did
not wish to go to Paris, and had no occasion (fml正式) to
go. (=no reason to go)(我不想到巴黎去，也没有什么理由
去。)
chance2y [not in progressive forms 不用进行式] 1 [T] fml to
take a chance with; risk【正式】拿··碰运气；冒·的险； to chance
all one's money on a game of cards 赌牌时拿所有的钱孤注-
掷去碰运气 2 [I+to-v; it+I+that] fml to take place by chance;
happen by accident【正式】偶然发生；碰巧：She chanced to be
in the park when I was there. 我在公园时碰巧她也在那儿。| It
chanced that we were both travelling on the same plane. 我
们俩碰巧坐同一架飞机旅行。3 chance it/chance your luck/
chance your arm infml to take a chance of succeeding, even
though failure is possible【非正式】试试看，碰碰运气：The po-
lice may catch us, but we'll just have to chance it/chance ou
luck. 警察可能抓到我们，但我们只能去碰碰运气了。
chance on/upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to meet or find by
chance 碰巧遇到；偶然找到：She chanced on some valuable
documents when she was cleaning out the attic. 她打扫阁楼
时偶然发现了一些有价值的文件
chance3 adj [A no comp. 无比较级] accidental; unplanned 偶然
的，意外的：a chance meeting 偶然的相遇
chan. cel /tfaensl; 'tfa:nsal/ n the eastern part of a church, where
the priests and CHOIR (=singers) usually sit 高坛，圣坛〔通常在
教堂东侧，牧师和唱诗班坐的地方〕
chan. cel. ler. v /`tfaenseleri; 'tfa:nsaleri/ n 1 the building in
which a chancellor has his offices 大臣[大法官等]的办公处. 
公署 2 [+sing. /pl. v] the officials who work in a chancellor's
office 大臣 [大法官等] 办公处中的全体官员 3 also 又作 chan-
cery - the offices of an official representative （ AMBASSADOR
or CONSUL) of a foreign country 大使[领事]馆的办公处
chan·cel-lor /`tfaensele-; 'tfa:nsele'/ n 1 (often cap. 常用大写)
a a state or legal official of high rank 大臣；司法官：The most
important judge in Britain is the Lord Chancellor. 英国最重
要的法官是大法官。b(in some countries) the chief minister
〔某些国家的〕总理：Herr Willy Brandt, the former West Ger-
man Chancellor 联邦德国前总理勃兰特 2 see 参见 CHANCEL-
LOR OF THE EXCHEQUER 3 the official head of various univer-
sities 大学校长，学院院长 — compare 比较 VICE-CHANCELLOR
Chancellor of the Ex·cheg·uer /····'·/ also 又作 Chan-
cellor - n the British government minister in charge of taxes
and government spending. The work of the Chancellor of the
Exchequer is the same as that of the Finance Minister in many
other countries. 英国财政大臣〔其职责范围与其他许多国家的财
政部长相同) — see also 另见 BUDGET'(2), BUDGET DAY
chan. ce. ry /tfaenseri; 'tfa:nsari/ n 1 (in Britain) the Lord
Chancellor's division of the High Court of Justice(英国的)高
等法院的大法官法院 2 an office for the collection and safe-
keeping of official papers 档案室，公文保管处 3 a CHANCEL-
LERY(3)外国大使[领事]馆的办公处
chanc. y /`tfaensi; 'tfa:nsi/ adj infml risky; of uncertain result
【非正式】冒险的；不可靠的；不确实的：That was a chancy thing
to do; you could have been killed. 那样做很危险，当时你很有
可能送命的。| We may be able to get tickets but it's a bit chancy. 
我们也许能够弄到票，但不大靠得住。- -iness n [U]
chan. de. lier /faendl`ir; faende'lie/ n a usually large branched
decorative holder for candles or electric lights, usually hang-
ing from the CEILING 枝形吊灯
chand. ler /`tfaendle; 'tfa:ndle/ n old use a person who makes
or sells candles【旧】制造或出售蜡烛者 — see also 另见 SHIP'S
CHANDLER
Chandler, Ray-mond /`remend; 'reimend/ (1888-1959) a US
writer of DETECTIVE stories whose best-known character is the
PRIVATE DETECTIVE Philip MARLOWE. His books include The
Big sleep and Farewell. My Lovely, and many were made into
films. 钱德勒〔(1888-1959)，美国侦探小说作家，他笔下最有名
的人物是私家侦探菲利普·马洛，作品包括《长眠》和《别了，亲爱
的》，其中许多被改编成电影〕
Cha. nel /fe`nl; fe'nel/. Coco /`koko; 'keukeu/ (1883-1971) a
French fashion designer, who started the fashion company
Chanel, and who is also known for her perfumes such as
Chanel No. 5. Her clothes designs had a great influence on
20th century fashion, and she is known especially for a simple
type of women's SUIT and for the LITTLE BLACK DRESS, which
she invented. 香奈尔〔(1883-1971)，法国时装设计师，曾创办香
奈尔时装公司，还以香奈尔5号等香水闻名。她的服饰设计对20
世纪的时装有重大影响，尤以女式套装款式简洁及她首创的“黑色
小礼服”著称〕
Chang /`tfaen; tfaen/, Jung /d3un; d3un/ (1952-)a Chinese
writer known for her novel Wild Swans which tells the story
of her grandmother's, her mother's, and her own life in China, 
showing how events in China's history affected these women
张戎〔(1952-)，中国作家，以小说《鸿》最负盛名。该作品通过她
的祖母、母亲及她本人在中国的生活经历，来反映中国历史上的一
些事件是如何对这些妇女产生影响的〕
*change1/tfend3; tfeind3/ v 1 [I; T (from, to)] to make or be-
come different; give, or begin to have, a different form, nature, 
or character 改变，改换；（使）变化：In autumn the leaves change
from green to brown, 秋天树叶由绿色变为黄褐色。| Don't start
moving until the traffic lights change (to green). 交通信号灯
改变（为绿色）前不要开动汽车。| She's changed a lot since I
last saw her. 自从我上次看见她以来，她变了很多。| His atti-
tudes have changed little despite the events of the last few
years. 尽管这几年发生了一些事件，他的态度没有多少变化。|
They've changed the time of our lesson. 他们把我们的上课时
间改了。| The discovery of oil there has changed the whole
character of the area. 由于发现了石油，该地区的整个性质都起
了变化。| the rapidly-changing world of micro technology
迅速变化中的显微技术领域2[T(for)] to give, take, or put
something in place of (something else, usually of the same
kind); exchange 交换：更换〔通常指同类事物)； Her new dress
didn't fit, so she took it back to the shop and changed it (for
another). 她的新裙子不合身，因此她拿回商店去换了（一件）。|
She changed her books at the library. 她在图书馆换了几本
书。| He's changed jobs/changed his job. (=got a new job)他
换了工作。| The teams changed sides/changed over/changed
round (=each went to the opposite side) at half time. 下半场开
赛前两队交换了场地。| Let's change the subject. (=talk about
something else)我们换个话题吧。[I wouldn't change places
0272
with her for anything. (=I wouldn't like to be in her situation. )
不管怎样我也不愿意处在她的地位。| The room looks much
better now you've changed it round/changed things round. 
(=moved the furniture etc, into different positions)你把房里的
东西掉换了位置，因此房间好看多了。3 [I(into, out of);T] to
put (different clothes) on yourself （给自己）换衣服：I'm just go-
ing to change out of this suitlchange into something more
comfortable. 我正要换下这套衣服[换件更舒适的衣服]。|Can
you wait five minutes while I change (my dress)?你能等5分
钟让我换一下衣服吗？ 4 [T] a to put (fresh clothes or coverings)
on a baby, child, bed etc〔给婴孩〕更换（干净衣服）；〔给床〕换（床
单) ：to change the sheets/change a baby's nappy 换床单；换
婴儿的尿布 b to put fresh clothes or coverings on (a baby, child. 
bed etc)给〔婴孩、床等〕换干净衣服或被单等：I'm just going to
change the baby. 我正要给婴儿换尿布。5 [T (for, into)] to give
(money) in exchange for money of a different type 兑换〔货
币)：Where can I change my English money forlinto dollars?
我在哪儿能把英国钱兑换成美元？| Can you change a pound?
(=give me CHANGE2(5) for it)你能把一英镑换成零钱吗？6[I;
T] to leave and enter (different vehicles) in order to continue a
journey 换车；中途转车：To get to Manchester, you'll have to
change (trains) at Birmingham. 要到曼彻斯特去，你得在伯明
翰换（火）车。7 [I(UP, DOWN, into, to)]‖ also 又作 shift AmE
【美】- to put the engine of a vehicle into a higher or lower
GEAR'(1), usually in order to go faster or slower 变换〔成高速
或低速)排挡：Change into second gear when you go up the
hill. 你（的汽车）爬坡时要换成第二挡。| Change down before
going up the hill and then change up at the top. 上坡前要换低
速挡，到了山上再换成高速挡。8 change gear(s)‖also 又作 shift
gear(s) AmE【美】- to make a change in speed and power by
putting the engine of a vehicle into a different GEAR'(3)换排
挡：Change gear at the bottom of the hill. 到了山脚要换挡。
(fig. 喻) He began his speech quite formally, but then changed
gear and told some jokes. 他开始演说时郑重其事，但后来变换
了调门，讲起笑话来。9 change hands to go from the owner-
ship of one person to another 〔所有权的〕易手；易主：This house
has changed hands three times in the last two years. 这所房
子最近两年已3次易手。10 change your mind to form a new
opinion or wish 改变主意[想法]； I used to think she was clever
but I've changed my mind. 过去我认为她很聪明，但我现在已
不这样看了。| I wish you'd stop changing your mind. 我希望
你不要再改变主意了。11 change your spots (usually in nega-
tives 一般用于否定句) to change your character, habits, or way
of life 改变性格[习惯、生活方式] 12 change your tune to
change your opinion, decision etc, and so act in a different
way 改变态度 [意见、口气等]：He said he would never speak to
me again but he'll soon change his tune. 他说他决不再跟我说
话，但他很快就会改变态度的。13 change step(when march
ing in a group)to move from keeping time with one foot to
keeping time with the other〔在队伍中行进时〕调整步伐，换步
 — compare 比较 EXCHANGE
change into phr v [T] 1 (change into sbdy. /sthg. ) to become
(something different)变为〔不同的人、事物)：When the prince
kissed the cat it changed into a beautiful princess. 当王子吻
那只猫时，它变成了美丽的公主。2(change sbdy. /sthg. into
sbdy. /sthg. )to cause to become(something different)使变成
〔不同的人、事物〕: You can't change iron into gold. 你无法把
铁变成金
change over phr v [I (from, to)] to make a complete change
完全改变：In 1971 Britain changed over from pounds, shillings, 
and pence to the new decimal currency. 1971年英国从镑、先
令和便士的币制改变为新的十进位币制。 — see also 另见CHANGE
OVER
*change2n 1 [C; U(in, of)] (an example of) the act or result of
changing 改变；改换：变化，变更； a sudden change in the
weather_天气的突然改变 | the pace of technologica I change
技术改革的速度 | Many old people find it difficult to cope
with change. 许多老人难以适应变化。| If we are to avoid de-
feat we need a change of leadershipla change in tactics. 如果
要避免失败，我们就必须更换领导[改变战术]。| There's been
a change for the better in her health. (=it has improved)她的
健康状况有了好转。| We've made a lot of changes since you
were last here. 自从你上次来过以后，我们已作了很多改变。
The government has proposed major changes in the laws re-
lating to immigration. 政府在移民法方面提出了一些重大的修
改。| The extraordinary experience brought about a com-
plete change in her outlook. 这次不寻常的经验使她的见解完
全改变了。| She's had a change of heart (=change of opinion)
about leaving the company. 关于离开公司一事，她已改变了主
意。2 [C usually sing. 一般用单数] something different, espe
cially something done for variety and excitement〔尤指为寻求
变化和提高兴致而作的)变换：Let's go to a restaurant for a
change. 我们换换口味上饭馆去吃饭吧！ | You should take a
holiday -- you need a change (from work). 你应休休假了，你
需要（摆脱工作）变换一下环境。|“The train arrived on time
today. \"\"That makes a change!\"(=that is different from what
usually happens)“今天火车准时到达。” “真是难得！”3[C(of)]
something new and fresh used in place of something else 替换
物：He took a change of clothes with him, because he was
going to stay until the next day. 他随身带了几件替换的衣服，
因为他要待到第二天才走。| This car needs an oil change. 这
辆车需要换油。4 [U] the money that is returned to someone
when the amount they have given is more than the cost of the
goods being bought 找回的零钱：If it cost 25 pence and you
gave her a pound you should get 75 pence change. 如货价是 25
便士，你付给她1镑，她应找回给你75便士。5[U]a coins of low
value 低值硬币，零钱：How much have you got in change?你
有多少零钱？|He emptied the loose change out of his pockets. 
他把口袋里的硬币全都倒出来了。b [(for)] money in low-value
coins or notes exchanged for a coin or note of higher value零
钱；兑换的零钱：Can you give me change for a 50-pence piece?
你能换给我50便士零钱吗？ — see also 另见 SMALL CHANGE:
see 参见 MONEY (USAGE) 6 [the+S] infml for【非正式】=
CHANGE OF LIFE 绝经期，更年期 7 get no/small change out of
someone infml to get no/little help from someone【非正式】得
不到[很少得到]某人的帮助 — see also 另见 ring the changes
(RING3)
change·a·ble /`tfend3ebl; 'tfeind3ebal/ adj likely to change;
often changing 很可能变化的；常变化的；易变的；可变的：change
able weather 多变的天气| a changeable temper 变化无常的
性情--bly adv--bility /tfend3e`bileti;tfeind3e'bilti/, -
ness /tfend3eblnis;'tfeind3ebalns/n [U
change. less /tfend3lis; 'tfeind3les/ adj fml unchanging; with-
out change【正式】不变的，无变化的；单调的：changeless blue
skies 毫无变化的蓝天 — ~ly adv
change. ling /`tfend3lin; 'tfeind3lin/ n a baby secretly ex-
changed for another, especially a stupid ugly child left in place
of a beautiful clever one, supposedly by fairies (FAIRY (1)被
调换的婴儿〔尤指传说中仙女把聪明漂亮的孩子换走后留下的又笨
又丑的孩子〕
change of life /，'/ also 又作 change - n [the+S] the MENO-
PAUSE绝经期，更年期
change. o. ver /`tfend3 ova; 'tfeind3, euve/ n a change from
one activity or system of working to another〔制度等的)转变，
更迭；〔装置等的〕更换；改组；逆转：Britain's changeover to deci-
mal money was in 1971. 英国在1971年转变为士进位币制。—
see also 另见 CHANGE over
change ring. ing /'. ·/ n [U] the art of ringing a set of bells (e. g
in a church tower) in continually varying order 组钟敲奏技艺，
转调鸣钟〔法〕
Changing of the Guard, the /，. . '/ a ceremony that takes
place regularly outside BUCKINGHAM PALACE in London, in
which the soldiers who have been guarding the palace are re
placed by others. The guards wear red uniforms and BEAR-
SKINS(=tall black fur hats), and the ceremony is popular with
tourists. 〔定时在伦敦白金汉宫外举行的〕英国皇家卫队换岗仪式
〔卫兵身穿红色制服，头戴黑色熊皮高帽。该仪式很受游客喜爱)
changing room /'· ·/ ‖ locker room AmE【美】- n a room
where people change clothes, especially for sport, and which
usually contains SHOWERS, LOCKERs etc〔尤指供运动员用的有
淋浴、衣柜等的〕更衣室
chan·nel'/`tfaenl; 'tfaenl/n 1 a narrow sea passage connecting
two seas 海峡 — compare 比较 CANAL 2 the deepest part of a
river, HARBOUR, or sea passage 河流[港湾、海洋航道]的最深
处：Ships must follow the channel into the port. 船只必须循水
道之最深处航行入港。3 a way, course, or passage for liquids
通道；水沟，水渠，水槽：There's a channel in the middle of the
old street to help rainwater flow away. 旧街中间有条排放雨
水的水沟。4(the shows broadcast on) a particular televisior
station 电视台播送频道；某一频道的节目：Turn to the other
channel -- I don't like this show. 我不喜欢这节目，另换一个频
道吧。| We watched the news on Channel 4. 我们看了第四频
道的新闻。5 also 又作 channels pl. - any course or system
by which information travels, requests are dealt with etc 〔传递
信息，处理申请等的〕途径；手段；系统；渠道：You should go
through the official channels if you want a grant from the
government. 如果你想得到政府的补助金，就要依照官方规定的
手续去办理。| The information was received through intelli-
gence channels. 这条消息是通过情报系统获得的。6 a way. 
course, or direction of thought or action〔思想或行动的〕发挥
0273
方式；方向；途径：He needs a new channel for his energy. 他需
要有一种新的途径去发挥他的精力。
channel2v-ll-BrE【英】‖-I- AmE【美】[T (into)] 1 to direct
towards a particular purpose 把··导向〔某一特定目的)；引导；
集中；朝向：I decided to channel my energies into something
useful. 我决定把自己的精力用到有益的事上。| The famine re-
lief money was channelled through volunteer groups. 饥荒救
济金是通过志愿者团体的渠道收集来的。2to form a CHANNEL
(3)in, or take in a CHANNEL1(3)在·上挖沟渠；用水渠把·引
至··：to channel (water into) the desert 用水渠把水引进沙漠
3 AmE【美】a to act as a MEDIUM3 by speaking for the spirits of
the dead 为··充当灵媒，通灵 b to allow the power of God to
flow through your body or hands to make other people well or
healthy again 依靠上帝的能力为人治病
Channel, the the ENGLISH CHANNEL英吉利海峡
Channel 4 /tfaenl for; tfaenl 'fo:/ one of the five main televi-
sion stations in the UK. It is paid for partly by advertisements
and partly by the various ITV companies. Channel 4 broad-
casts a wide range of programmes, including programmes for
people with special or unusual interests. Several British cin-
ema films, such as Four Weddings and a Funeral, have been
made with money provided by Channel 4. 第四频道电视台〔英
国五大电视台之一，其资金部分为广告收入，部分由各家独立电视
公司提供。它播出的节目范围广泛，包括以具有特殊兴趣的人为对
象的节目。有些英国影片，如《四个婚礼和一个葬礼》等均由该电
视台赞助拍摄)：a late-night talk show on Channel 4 第四频道
电视台的午夜清谈节目|the Channel 4 News 第四频道电视台
新闻 — compare 比较 BBC, ITV, CHANNEL 5
Channel 5 /tfaen] farv; tfaenl 'farv/ the newest of the five main
television stations in the UK, which is paid for by advertisements. 
It is known for making popular programmes and for the many
films it shows. It often broadcasts the same type of programme
at the same time every day. People in some parts of the UK
complain that they cannot get Channel 5 programmes on their
television sets or that the quality of the picture is not very good. 
第五频道电视台〔英国五大电视台最新的一个，其资金来源于广告
收入，以制作流行节目及播出的大量影片著称。该电视台常在每天
的同一时间播出同一类型的节目。英国部分地区的居民抱怨他们
无法接收该台的节目或者该台节目的图像质量不高〕 — compare 
比较BBC, ITV, CHANNEL 4
chan. nel-ing /tfaen]in; 'tfaenalin/ n AmE [U] the receiving of
messages from people or beings who are not present or seen
on the earth. It is not widely believed in or practised. 【美】感应
远处的信息；接收外太空信息--lor, -ler n
Channel Is. lands /'. . / [the+P] a group of British islands in
the English Channel near the coast of France. The main is-
lands are Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark. 海峡群岛〔位
于英吉利海峡中的一群英国岛屿，靠近法国海岸，主要有泽西岛、
根西岛、奥尔德尼岛和萨克岛〕
channel-surf /'·/ also 又作 channel-hop - v [I] AmE slang
to watch television, quickly changing from one CHANNEL'(4)
to another, not watching any programme for a very long time
【美俚】频道冲浪，跳频道〔指看电视时常换频道〕
Channel Tun. nel, the /，. . / a railway TUNNEL which runs
under the English Channel, connecting England and France. It
was opened in 1993. The EUROSTAR trains use the Channel
Tunnel. 英吉利海底隧道，海峡隧道〔指英吉利海峡底部连接英国
和法国的海底铁路隧道，1993年投入使用。“欧洲之星”列车即通
行于该隧道〕
chant1/tfaent; tfa:nt/ v [I; T] 1 to sing (words) to a chant 吟唱；
〔以咏唱的方式〕赞美：a choir chanting in church 教堂里咏唱
着圣歌的唱诗班 2 to repeat(words) continuously in time 重复
而有节奏地说[喊]：The crowd chanted slogans and waved
banners. 人群一再有节奏地呼喊口号并挥舞旗帜。
chant2n 1 a regularly repeated tune, often with many words
sung on one note, especially used in religious services〔尤指在
宗教仪式上用相同曲调唱出不同歌词的)圣歌；咏唱调：aHindu
chant 印度教的吟颂 — see also 另见 GREGORIAN CHANT 2 words
continuously repeated in time 有节奏的一再重复的话语：The
crowd's chant was “More jobs! More money!”那群人一再有
节奏地高呼：“增加职位！增加工资！”
chan. try chap. el /tfaentri tfaepl;'tfa:ntri tfaepal/ n a CHAPEL
(=a small church or part of a church) paid for by someone so
that priests can pray for his or her soul there after death〔施主
为祈求冥福而捐建的〕小教堂；〔附属于教堂内的〕小礼拜堂
chan·ty‖also又作-tey AmE【美】/`faenti; 'faenti/ n a song sung
by sailors; SHANTY2水手唱的歌，船夫曲
Cha. nu. kah /hanuke; 'ha:nke/n a Jewish holiday, HANUKKAH
〔犹太教的〕献殿节，光明节
cha. os /`keas; 'kei-os/ n [U] 1 a state of complete and thorough
disorder and confusion 大混乱；无秩序状态：The failure of the
electricity supplies created utter/complete chaos in the city. 
停电使这个城市完全陷入混乱状态。| The country was plunged
into chaos following the President's assassination. 总统被刺
后国家陷于混乱之中。2 poet the state of the universe before
there was any order【诗】〔天地未形成前的〕混沌（世界）
cha. ot. ic /ke`atik; kei'otik/ adj in a state of complete disorder
and confusion 混乱的：The city traffic was chaotic. 城市交通
乱糟糟的。- — ~ally /-kli;-kli/ adv
chap1/tfaep; tfaep/ n infml, especially BrE a man or boy, a word
now sounding rather old-fashioned or upper-class【非正式，尤
英】家伙；小伙子〔现听上去已过时或带有上流社会的口气)：ade-
cent sort of chap 一个正派的小伙子 — see also 另见 CHAPS
chap2v-pp- [I; T] to (cause to) become sore, rough, and cracked
(使)变粗糙；（使）干裂：chapped hands/lips干裂的手[嘴唇]
chap. ar. ral /faepe`rael; faepe'rael/ n [U] AmE land on which
many plants, especially small oaks, grow close together, found
especially in the Southwest of the US【美】〔尤指美国西南部)
沙巴拉群落；浓密常绿阔叶灌木丛
chap. el'/tfaepl;'tfaepal/ n 1 [C] a place, such as a small church, 
a room in a hospital, prison etc (but not a PARISH church), used
for Christian worship〔医院、监狱等中的)小礼拜堂2[C] a room
or area in a church with its own ALTAR, used especially for
private prayer and small religious services〔教堂内的)私人祈
祷处；附属小礼拜堂3[C] a (especially in England and Wales)
a place of Christian worship used by NONCONFORMISTS(=those
who do not belong to the established state church or the Ro-
man Catholic Church)〔尤指英格兰和威尔士不属于英国国教或
天主教的)教堂 b(in Scotland) a Roman Catholic church〔苏格
兰的)天主教教堂 4[U] the religious services held in such places
〔小礼拜堂等的〕礼拜仪式：He goes to chapel every Sunday
night. 他每星期日晚上去做礼拜。| I'll meet you after chapel. 
我将在做完礼拜后见你。5[C+sing. /pl. v] a branch of a union
in jobs such as printing and JOURNALISM〔印刷业和报业等的)
工会: The chapel has/have voted t go back to work. 印刷工会
经表决决定复工。|a chapel meeting 印刷工会会议
chapel2 adj [F] BrE old-fash (especially in England and Wales)
NONCONFORMIST【英，过时】〔尤指在英格兰和威尔士〕不信奉英
国国教的，非英国国教徒的：He's chapel but his wife's a mem-
ber of the Church of England. 他不信奉英国国教，但他的妻子
是国教教徒。 — compare 比较 CHURCH2
chapel of love /，. . '/ n a small building or a room where
people can get married in the US. Chapels of love are often
used by people who want to get married quickly and cheaply, 
and the wedding ceremony is usually short and simple. 〔美国
的〕婚礼小礼堂〔想尽快完成结婚手续、不想过多花费的新人经常
在这样的小教堂举行婚礼，结婚仪式一般简单快捷〕
chapel of rest /，. . / n a place where bodies are kept before
being buried停尸室，太平间
chap. er·on', -one /faepe ron; 'faepereun/ n (especially formerly)
an older person (usually a woman) who goes with a young
unmarried woman in public and is responsible for her behaviour
〔尤指旧时陪同少女上交际场所并监督其行为的〕年长女伴；〔女〕
监护人
chaperon2, -one v [T] to act as a chaperon to 监护；保护；陪伴
chap. lain /'tfaeplin; 'tfaepln/ n a priest or other religious min-
ister responsible for the religious needs of a club, a part of the
armed forces, a hospital etc〔社团、军队、医院等的〕牧师[教士]：
the prison/school chaplain 监狱[学校]牧师 — see 参见 PRIEST
(USAGE)
chap. lain. cy /tfaeplinsi; 'tfaeplnsi/ n the position of a chap-
lain or the building where a chaplain works 牧师的职位；牧师
的办公处
chap. let /tfaeplit; 'tfaeplt/ n especially lit a decorative band of
flowers worn on the head【尤文】〔戴在头上的〕花冠
Chap. lin /'tfaeplim; 'tfaepln/, Sir Charles (Char. lie)(1889-
1977)a British film actor and DIRECTOR who worked mainly
in the US in humorous SILENT FILMS(=films made with no
sound)during the 1920s. He usually appeared as a humorous
character who had a small MOUSTACHE, a BOWLER HAT, and a
WALKING STICK, and who walked in a funny way with the backs
of his feet together and his toes pointing out to the sides. 卓别
林〔(1889-1977)，英国电影演员和导演，20世纪20年代主要在
美国从事无声喜剧电影工作。他一般作为喜剧人物出现：留小胡
子，头戴圆顶黑色礼帽，拿手杖，走起路来脚跟相抵脚尖朝外，模样
滑稽〕
Chap. pa. quid. dick /，tfaepe`kwidik;, tfaepe'kwidik/ an island off
the coast of the US state of Massachusetts. In 1969， Ted
KENNEDY was involved in a car accident there in which a
woman died, and it is often mentioned as a reason why he never
0274
tried to become US president. 查帕奎迪克岛〔美国马萨诸塞州
海岸附近的一个岛屿。1969年，特德·肯尼迪在此出了车祸，造成
一个女人死亡, 人们常把该事件说成他从不参加美国总统竞选的原
因〕
chaps /tfaeps; tfaeps/ n [P] protective leather covers worn over
trousers, especially when riding a horse 〔尤指骑马时穿的〕皮
套裤
Chap Stick /'/ trademark a type of WAX-like substance in the
form of a small stick, used to protect and heal sore lips【商标】
俏纯”润唇膏
chap. ter /`tfaepte; 'tfaepte/ n 1 any of the main divisions of a
book or long article, usually having a number or title〔书或文
章中通常带有编号或标题的〕章：You have to wait till the last
chapter to find out who the murderer was. 你要等到看完最后
·章才能搞清谁是凶手。| This subject is dealt with in Chap
ter 5. 这个问题在第五章里讲。|(fig. 喻) The Civil War was a
sad chapter in American history. 南北战争是美国历史上可悲
的一页。| (fig. 喻) This is the latest chapter in a bitter dispute. 
这是一场激烈争辩的最新一幕。2[+sing. /pl. v] (a general meet
ing of) all the priests connected with a CATHEDRAL 大教堂的
教士会：教士会〔在教士会堂举行〕的集会 3 especially AmE a
local branch of a society, club etc【尤美】〔团体、俱乐部等的〕
地方分会；支部
Chapter 11 /tfaepte I`laven;tfaepter I'levan/ a part of the US
BANKRUPTCY laws that allows a company with financial prob-
lems to reorganize itself so that it will not be forced to close
down〔美国〕《联邦破产法》第11章〔允许财政发生困难的公司进
行重组，使它不至于被迫倒闭)：Our competitor has filed for
Chapter 11. 我们的竞争对手已经申请要求按《联邦破产法》第11
章进行重组。| Chapter Il proceedings《联邦破产法》第11章
的重组程序
chapter and verse /. . / n [U] the exact details of where to
find a piece of information 消息的确切来源；资料的确实出处
[依据]：When the interviewer asked her to justify her statement, 
she quoted chapter and verse. 当采访者要求她证实自己的话
时，她引证了翔实的资料
chapter house /'· / n a building or room where the priests
connected with a CATHEDRAL meet〔供大教堂牧师集会用的〕牧
师礼堂
chapter of ac·ci·dents /，. ·. '··/ n [S] BrE a number of unfor
tunate events coming one after another【英】接二连三的灾祸，
连串的意外事件
char1 /tfar; tfa:/ v-rr- [I; T] to (cause to) become black by
burning （把·. ·）烧焦：There was nothing left of the house but a
few charred remains. 除了一些烧焦的残物，那房子已焚烧殆尽。
char2v-rr- [I] BrE old-fash to work as a cleaner in a house. 
office, public building etc【英，过时】〔在家庭、办公室、公共建
筑等〕当清洁工
char3 n BrE old-fash a CHARWOMAN【英，过时】清洁女工
char4 n [U] BrE old-fash slang tea【英，过时，俚】茶：a cup of
char 一杯茶
char. a. banc /faere baenk; 'faerebaen/ n BrE old-fash a large
comfortable bus used for pleasure trips【英，过时】〔大而舒适的
旅游客车，大型游览车
char·ac·ter /kaerikte; 'kaerkte/n 1 [C; U] the combination of
qualities which make a particular person, thing, place etc dif-
ferent from others;nature性质；特性；特色；品质；性格，气质：
The twins look alike but have very different character. . 这两
个孪生儿长得很像，但性格很不同。| A tendency not to show
emotions is supposed to be part of the British national
character, 情感不外露的倾向被视为英国国民性的一部分。| a
man of good character 品性良好的人 | When they pulled down
the old houses in the centre of the town, the whole character
of the place was changed. 他们拆掉市镇中心的旧房后，该地的
特色完全改变了。| I can't understand why she did that - it's
quite out of character. (=not at all typical of her behaviour)
我不明白她为什么这样做，因为这很不符合她的个性。 — compare 
比较CHARACTERISTIC2, PERSONALITY(1)2 [U] a combination
of qualities that are regarded as valuable or admirable, such as
high principles, honesty etc人格，品性；特质；好的品质<如原
则性强、诚实等>：a woman of great character 品格高尚的妇人|
a nice old house with a lot of character 很有特色的漂亮的老
房子 3 [C] a person in a book, play etc〔书、剧本等中的〕人物，
角色：It's a good story, but I find some of the characters rather
unconvincing. 这是部好小说，但我觉得有几个人物不太令人信
服。4 [C] the opinion that other people have about a person;
REPUTATION 名声，名誉，声望：a newspaper story that black
ened (=damaged) his character 败坏他名誉的新闻报道 | The
defendant is a man of previous good character. (=does not
have a criminal record)被告没有犯罪前科。5 [C] infml【非正
式】a a person 人：She's a strange character. 她是个怪人。
(derog贬) Some character just walkec up and stole my bag. 
有个家伙朝我走来，偷了我的手提包。b an odd or humorous
person 古怪或滑稽的人：She's a real character/quite a char-
acter -- she has us in fits of laughter. 她真是个滑稽人，逗得我
们阵阵大笑。| a well-known character actor (=one who of-
ten plays odd or humorous people)著名的性格演员 6 [C] a
letter, mark, or sign used in writing or printing 〔书写或印刷的)
字；字体；符号：a notice printed in Chinese characters 用汉字
印刷的通告 | The characters on my typewriter are too small. 
我打字机上的字体太小。| Our new printer operates at 60 char
acters per second. 我们的新打印机每秒钟打印60个字符。7[C
usually sing. 一般用单数] fml official position; CAPACITY【正
式】职位；资格；身份：He was there in his character as a town
official. 他以市镇官员的身份到那里。8 [C] old-fash, especially
BrE a usually written statement of a person's abilities; REFER-
ENCE【过时，尤英】〔个人才能等的〕证明书：鉴定书：推荐书：My
employer gave me a good character. 老板给我写了一份很好
的服务证明书
character as·sas·si·na·tion /'. ·. . ·，. /n [C; U] a cruel and usu-
ally unjust attack on someone's character, especially in print
〔尤指书面的〕人格诋毁，诽谤
char·ac·ter·is. tic1/, kaerikte`ristik;kaerkte'ristik/ adj [(of)]
typical; representing a person's or thing's usual character典型的
表现〔人或物的〕特征的，特有的：With characteristic generosity. 
he offered to buy tickets for all of us. 他以他特有的慷慨提出
为我们所有的人买票。| the characteristic taste of Italian wine
意大利酒特有的风味 | It's characteristic of her that she never
complained. 从来不发牢骚是她的特性。 — opposite 反义词 un-
characteristic — ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv: She gave a character-
istically outspoker interviev. 她在接受采访时以她特有的坦率
态度回答了问题
characteristic2 n [(of)] a special and easily recognized quality
of someone or something; ATTRIBUTE 特征，特性，特色：Good
planning is one of the characteristics of a successful business. 
规划周详是成功企业的特征之一。 — compare 比较 CHARACTER
(1)
char·ac·ter·i·za·tion /kaeriktere`zefen;kerkterai'zeifan/n
C; U(as)](an example of) the act or skill of characterizing特
征的表明[赋予]；人物刻画，性格描绘：The film's characteriza
tion of the explorer as selfish and untrustworthy is totally
false. 电影把探险者刻画成一个自私自利和不可靠的人是完全不
对的。
char·ac·ter·ize‖also又作 -ise BrE【英】/`kaerikte raiz;'kaerkteraiz/
ν [T] 1 to be characteristic of 是·的特征，以·为特征：An in. 
terest in people's deepest feelings characterizes all her
writings. 对人们最深沉的感情的关注, 是她所有著作的特征。
The education system there is characterized by an emphasis
on success in exams. 那里的教育制度以强调考试成绩为特征。
2 [(as)] to describe the character of; PORTRAY 描述·的特性：
描绘：Opponents of the law have characterized it as an at-
tack on free speech. 反对这条法律的人把该法律说成是对言论
自由的打击。| The hero of the book is characterized as a
person of very strong principles. 书的主人公被刻画成一个原
则性很强的人。
char. ac. ter. less /kaerektelis; 'kaerkteles/ adj derog not hav-
ing a strong character; ordinary【贬】无特征的，无特色的，无个
性的；平凡的：characterless modern houses 无特色的现代房屋
cha·rade /fe`red; fe'ra:d/ n something which is easily seen to
be false or foolish 荒谬的东西；不加掩饰的伪装；虚伪的借口
The trial was a mere charade; the verdict of guilty had al-
ready been decided. 审讯纯粹是虚伪的借口, 其实有罪的裁决早
已内定了
cha. rades /fe`redz; fe'ra:dz/ n [U] a game in which words are
acted by players, often part (SYLLABLE) by part, until other
players can guess the whole word. Charades is played at par-
ties by adults or children. 手势字谜游戏〔借动作等把词的音节
逐个表现出来，使观看者猜出整个词。聚会时大人、小孩都玩该游
戏〕
char-broil /`tfarbroil: 'tfg:broil/ y [I: T] AmE to cook over a
very hot charcoal fire【美】炭烤，炭炙：He charbroiled the steaks
on the barbecue. 他在烤肉架上烤牛排。-- -ed adj: charbroiled
steaks 炭烤牛排
char. coal /`tfar kol; 'tfa:keul/ n [U] (pieces of) the black sub. 
stance made by burning wood in a closed container with little
air, used in sticks for drawing with or sometimes as FUEL 木炭：
(画用)炭笔：a sketch drawn in charcoal 用炭笔画的素描 | a
charcoal drawing 木炭画| charcoal stoves 炭炉
chard /tfard; tfa:d/ also 又作 Swiss chard - n [U] a vegetable
with large juicy leaves and stems菜，牛皮菜；瑞士甜菜
0275
Char. don. nay /fardene; 'fa:denei/n 1 [U] a type of GRAPE
grown for making wine 〔酿酒用的〕霞多丽葡萄 2 [C; U] a type
of white wine made from Chardonnay grapes and produced in
many countries throughout the world 霞多丽白葡萄酒〔以霞多
丽葡萄酿造，世界各地许多国家都有生产
*charge1/tfard3; tfa:d3/v 1 [I; T (for)] to ask in payment 要价：
(向··)收费：索取〔金额)：How much do you charge for a
double room? 双人房间你们收费多少？ | They charge a heavy
tax on imported wine. 他们对进口酒征收重税。| This shop
doesn't charge for delivery. 这家商店不收送货费。| [+obj(i
tobi(d)] They tried to charge me ￡120 for a room for a night!
在一间房住一个晚上他们想要我付120镑！2 [T(to)] a to record
(the cost of something) to someone's debt 把··记在某人的账
上；赊购：Charge the purchases to my account. 把购货款记在
我账上。b AmE to buy something with a CREDIT CARD【美】用
信用卡购买：“Can you afford that dress?” “No, but I'll charge
it. ” “你买那条裙子钱够吗?” “不够, 不过我打算用信用卡买。”3[I
(at); T] to rush (as if) in an attack （向·）进攻，冲锋；冲向：Sud
denly the wild animal charged (at) us, 野兽突然向我们冲过
来。| The children charged into the playground. 孩子们冲进
运动场。4 [T(with)] to bring an especially criminal charge
against; ACCUSE 控告；指控：He was charged with the rob
bery/with stealing the jewels. 他被指控抢劫[偷窃珠宝]。| A
man has been charged in connection with the murder. 有一个
人因与谋杀案有牵连而被控告。5 [T+that; obi] to declare openly
that something is wrong)公开指责：The shareholders charged
that the directors had withheld vital information, 股东们公开
指责董事隐瞒了至关重要的消息。6 [T+obj+to-v/with] fiml to
instruct or command; give as a duty or responsibility【正式】指示：
命令；使负责；委以：She charged me to look after/with looking
after her son. 她要我负责照看她的儿子。7 [T (with)] a to load
( gun)给(枪)装子弹 b old use to fill (a glass)【旧】把(酒杯)
斟满：Charge your glasses with wine. 把你们的酒杯倒满酒。8
[I; T] to (cause to) take in and store electricity(使)充电； to
charge a car battery 给汽车的电池充电 | If the red light comes
on, it means the battery isn't charging. 如果红灯亮，就表示电
池没在充电
charge2n 1 [C; U (for)] the price asked or paid for goods or a
service 〔货物或劳务的)价钱；费用：The admission charge is f5
入场费是5镑。| interest charges 应付的利息| a 10% service
charge 10%的服务费 } Is there any charge for havin the
goods delivered?(=does it cost anything?)送货收不收费？|What
are the charges in this hotel?这家旅馆的住宿费用是多少？|
The faulty part was replaced free of charge, 那个出毛病的部
件已免费调换过了。| (BrE 英) She hadn't got the correct coins
for the phone box, so she had to reverse the charges. (=get the
receiver of the call to pay for it)她没有合适的硬币投入公用电
话机，所以她只得让受话人付费。 — see 参见 COST(USAGE) 2
[U(of)] a position of care, control, or responsibility for a person, 
group, organization etc 主管，掌管；责任：I'd like to speak to
the person in charge. 我想和负责人谈谈。| I had to go to d
conference so I left my deputy in charge. 我得去参加一个会，
所以让我的副手来负责。| Student nurses should not be left
alone in charge of hospital wards. 不应当让见习护士单独照
管医院病房。| She took charge of the family business when
her father died, 她在父亲死后负责掌管家里的生意。| The com-
pany is in/under my charge while the director is away. 董事
不在时由我负责公司的事务。|(fml 正式) He has charge of the
children while his wife is at work. 妻子上班时，他负责照料孩
子。3 [C] fiml a person (especially a child) or thing for which
you are responsible【正式】被照管的人〔尤指孩子〕；由（某人）负
责的事：I became my uncle's charge (=legally in his care) af-
ter my father's death. 父亲死后，我由叔父抚养。| It was a ho
day, so the playgroup leader bought some ice cream for his
little charges. 这天很热，所以游戏托儿所的领导买了些冰淇淋给
他照管的小孩子吃。4[C (against, of)] an official statement
saying that someone is responsible for a crime; ACCUSATION
控告：罪名：He was grrested on a charge of murder, 他被控谋
杀罪而被拘捕。| The police brought a charge (of murder)
against him. 警察控告他（犯有谋杀罪）。| She faces two
charges of theft. (=will have to reply to them in a court of law)
她面临两项对她提出的偷窃罪的控告。| The police have exam-
ined all the facts, and have decided not to press/prefer
charges against him. (=not to officially charge him)警方审查
了全部事实，决定不对他起诉。5[C] a written or spoken state
ment blaming someone for doing something undesirable or
morally wrong; ALLEGATION〔口头或书面的〕指责，指控：The
President tried to counter the charge (reply to it and prove
it to be false) that his budget favoured the rich. 总统竭力驳斥
关于他的预算对富人有利的指责。|This policy leaves him open
to charges of(=likely to be blamed for) favouring the rich. 这
项政策使他有可能被指责为偏袒富人。6 [C] a rushing forceful
attack by soldiers, wild animals etc_猛攻; 猛扑;_冲击 7 [C] an
amount of explosive to be fired at one time〔一次射击或爆炸
的)炸药量 8 [C;U] a (a quantity of) electricity put into a BAT-
TERY or other electrical apparatus 电荷；电量：The battery is
on charge. (=is having a charge put into it)电池正在充电。b power
or force, especially of feelings 〔尤指感情的)力量；感染力：the
strong emotional charge of the book 该书强烈的感染力| (slang
俚) They seem to get quite a charge (=a lot of excitement) out of
playing this dangerous game. 他们似乎从这种危险的游戏中得
到了极大的刺激。9 a property of matter considered positive or
negative from which comes a determination of how strong an
electrical force can be between two PARTICLES with this prop
erty 电荷 10 [C+to-v] fml an order; command【正式】命令，指
示，训令：The old servant fulfilled his master's charge to care
for the children. 老仆人履行了其主人要他照料孩子的指示
charge·a·ble /`tfard3ebl; 'tfa:d3ebal/ adj 1 [F (to)] (of costs)
that can or must be paid by someone〔费用〕可记在某人账上的
应由某人交付的：These debts are chargeable to me/my account. 
这些债务可由我负担[可记在我账上]。2 [(with)] that can be
charged, blamed, or held responsible可被指控[控告]的；可归
咎于[某人]的：a chargeable offence 可被控告的犯法行为
charge ac·count /' ·/ n AmE for【美】= CREDIT ACCOUNT
charge-cap /'/v[T] — see 参见 CAP2(3)
charge card /'/n a small especially plastic card, usually pro
vided by a particular shop, which allows one to obtain goods
there, the cost being charged to your account and paid later （可
赊购货物的〕记账卡，签账卡：a Harrods charge card 哈罗德公
司记账卡 — compare 比较CHEQUE CARD, CREDIT CARD, DEBIT
CARD
charged /tfard3d; tfa:d3d/ adj causing strong feelings or much
argument 引起强烈感情的；引起激烈争论的：Whether changes
should be made in the voting system is a highly charged po-
litical question. 选举制度应否有所改变，是个引起激烈争论的政
治问题。| an emotionally charged atmosphere 令感情激动的
气氛
char. ge d'af·faires /far`3e dae`fer; fa:3ei dae'fee/ n charges
d'affaires (same pronunciation 读音相同) Fr an official who
acts as a representative of his/her government during the ab-
sence of the AMBASSADOR or in a country to which no AMBAS-
SADOR has been appointed【法】代办〔代理大使职务的外交代表〕
charge hand /'/ n BrE a worker whose position is just below
that of a FOREMAN【英】副领班；副监工
charge nurse /' / n BrE a nurse in charge of a hospital ward. 
especially when a man【英】〔负责一病房的〕责任护士〔尤指男
性) — compare 比较SISTER(4)
Charge of the Light Bri-gade, the /. / an unsuccess-
ful attack made by the British CAVALRY (=soldiers riding
horses)during the CRIMEAN WAR. Many British soldiers were
killed because they were ordered to ride into a valley which
was full of Russian soldiers with heavy guns. TENNYSON de-
scribes this battle in his poem The Charge of the Light Brigade. 
which has many well-known lines, including 轻骑旅的冲锋〔英
国轻骑兵在克里米亚战争中一次失败的进攻，大批英军士兵因受命
进入一个满是装备了重武器的俄军的山谷而丧命。丁尼生在他的
诗《轻骑旅的冲锋》中对此战役作了描述，其中有不少名句，包括：
Half a league, half a league, 
半里格，半里格
Half a league onward
再前进半里格。
All in the valley of death
进入死亡之谷的
Rode the six hundred
有六百名骑兵。〕
charg. er'/`tfard3; 'tfa:d3e'/ n old use or lit a soldier's horse
【旧或文】战马，军马
charger2n old use a large flat plate for carrying and serving
food【旧】〔盛食物的〕大浅盘
charge sheet /' /n a record kept in a police station of charges
made and people to be tried in court〔警察所的)案件记录；被起
诉者名簿
Char-ing Cross /tfaerin `kras;, tfaerin 'kros/ one of the main
railway stations in London, which has trains going to southern
England 查灵·克罗斯火车站〔伦敦主要的火车站之一，那里的列
车开往英格兰南部地区〕
Charing Cross Road /，··'/ a street in central London, fa-
mous for its bookshops 查灵·克罗斯街〔位于伦敦市中心，以书
店出名〕
char. i. ot /`tfaeriet; 'tfaeriet/ n a two-wheeled horse-drawn ve-
hicle with no seats, used in ancient times in battles and races
〔古代车夫站立于车上的〕马拉双轮战车
char. i. o. teer /tfaerie`tir;tfaerie'tie/n the driver of a chariot
双轮战车驾驭者
0276
cha·ris·ma /ke`rizme; ke'rizme/ n 1 [U] the strong personal
charm or power to attract that makes a person able to have
great influence over people or win their admiration; MAGNET-
IM(2)非凡的个人魅力;〔能使人效忠的]领袖气质:He could
never be a film star; he's got no charisma. 他决没有可能成为
电影明星；他一点儿魅力也没有。| a political leader of great
charisma 具有很大魅力的政治领袖 2 [C] tech a power, e. g. of
curing diseases, given to a person by the favour of God【术语】
神授的超凡能力<如能治病等> — ~tic /kaeriz`maetik;kaer{z-
maetik/ adj: a charismatic leader 有魅力的领导者
charismatic move·ment, the /··，·/ n (often cap. 常用大
写)groups of worshippers within the Christian Church who
give particular importance to praving as a group and to speak-
ing by the direct influence of God 神授能力运动〔指基督教会
内部特别强调集体祈祷、应上帝感应而说话的信徒团体〕
char. i·ta. ble /`tfaeretebl; 'tfaertebal/ adj1 kind and genero
especially in giving help to the poor 仁慈的；慷慨的：慈悲为怀
的 2 kind and sympathetic in judging others 宽容的；厚道的：I
know he made a mistake, but let's be charitable - he was
tired at the time, 我知道他出了错，但我们宽容点吧，他那时是
累了。| Even on the most charitable analysis, it has not been
a great success so far. 即使根据最宽的标准来分析，到目前为
止还算不上成功。 — opposite 反义词 uncharitable 3 [A no
comp. 无比较级] concerned with giving help to the poor 慈善
的； a charitable institution 慈善机构| charitable donations
慈善捐赠 - -bly adv
char. i·ty /`tfaereti; 'tfaerti/ n 1 [U] (money or help given be. 
cause of) kindness and generosity towards people who are poor, 
sick, in difficulties etc 仁爱，慈爱，慈悲心：救济金：施舍物：捐
助：She gave the old woman some shoes out of (=because of)
charity. 她出于善心给了老妇人几双鞋。| The victims of the
disaster lived on charity until they could make new lives for
themselves, 灾民靠救济过活, 直到他们能重整家园为止。| a
charity performance given by international entertainers to
raise money for famine relief国际演艺家为救济饥荒进行筹款
而举行的义演 | They make regular donations to charity. 他们
作定期的慈善捐款。2 [C] an organization that helps people who
are poor, sick, in difficulties etc. A registered charity is al-
lowed to raise money without paying taxes. Typical charities
to which people give money are those which help blind people
sick children, or people in the Third World, 慈善团体[机构]
〔注册的慈善团体募集钱款可以免交税，人们捐款的对象主要是那
些帮助盲人、患病儿童或第三世界民众的慈善机构)：a housing
charity 住房救济会 | The flood victims received money and
clothes from several charities, 水灾灾民收到了几个慈善团体
捐赠的钱和衣服。| The Red Cross is an international charity
红十字会是个国际慈善机构。| a charity school (=one where
poor children used to be taught free)慈善学校 3 [U] sympathy
and kindness shown when judging others 宽厚，宽容，宽大：They
showed little charity towards their former leader after his
election defeat. 他们的前领导人竞选失败后，他们对他表现得不
怎么宽容。4 charity begins at home saying you must give
help to or take care of your own family, people of your owr
country etc before other people【谚】慈善始于家庭，施舍先及亲友
charity card /'· / n 1 a Christmas card sold to raise money for
a charity 爱心圣诞卡 2 also 又作 affinity card - a type of
CREDIT CARD given out by a bank or BUILDING SOCIETY. Ev-
ery time the card is used, the bank or building society gives a
small sum of money to a particular charity. 慈善信用卡〔持卡
人每次使用该卡，发卡银行或购房互助协会都会向某一慈善机构捐
赠一小笔钱) — compare 比较 CHEQUE CARD
Charity Com. mission, the /'··. ·/ a British organization that
keeps records of any organization that has been officially rec-
ognized as a CHARITY and controls the way that charities are
operated 慈善事业委员会〔英国一机构，保存由官方正式认可的慈
善团体的记录并管理他们的运作方式〕
charity shop /'·/ n a shop which sells especially SECOND-
HAND goods to raise money for a charity 慈善商店〔指尤其出售
二手商品为某一慈善团体筹款的店铺)：He gave his walking
boots to the local charity shop. 他把他的轻便靴捐给了当地的
慈善商店。
char·la·dy /`tfar, ledi; 'tfa:, leidi/ n a CHARWOMAN〔打扫房子
办公室、大厦的〕清洁女工
char·la·tan /farletn; 'fa:letan/ n a person who deceives others
by falsely claiming to have a special knowledge or skill, espe-
cially in medicine 假充内行的骗子；（尤指〕江湖医生：He's not
a doctor, he's a charlatan; he knows nothing about medicine
他不是医生，是个江湖骗子，对医术一窍不通。 — compare 比较
QUACK2(1)
Char. le·magne /farlemen; 'fa:lemein/ (742-814) the King of
the Franks who gained control of most of W Europe in 800 by
uniting its Christian countries. The Pope gave him the title of
Holy Roman Emperor'. Charlemagne had a great influence
on European CIVILIZATION, by establishing a new legal sys-
tem and encouraging art, literature, and education, 查理曼
〔(742-814)，法兰克国王，公元800年通过统一基督教国家而获
取了西欧大部分土地，教皇封他为“神圣罗马帝国皇帝”。他建立
了新的司法体系，支持艺术、文学和教育，从而对欧洲文明产生了
重大影响〕
Charles /tfarlz; tfa:lz/, Prince (1948-) the first son of the
British queen, Elizabeth II, who is expected to become the next
British king. His official royal title is the PRINCE OF WALES
Charles married Diana Spencer in 1981 and they had two sons, 
Prince William and Prince Harry, but they got a divorce in
1996. Charles is known for his interest in ARCHITECTURE(=the
us
designing of buildings) and the environment, and his speeches
on these subjects have caused a lot of discussion and disagreement. 
查尔斯〔(1948-)，英国女王伊丽莎白二世的长子，英国王位的继
承人，其正式的皇家封号为“威尔士亲王”。1981年与戴安娜·斯
潘塞成婚并育有两个儿子：威廉王子和哈里王子，但在1996年离
婚。他以对建筑设计的兴趣和对环境的关注而闻名，他就这方面的
主题所作的演讲引起了多方讨论和极大争议〕 — see also 另见
DIANA, PARKER-BOWLES
Charles I/, tfarlz oe `f3st;tfa:lz e 'f3:st/, King (1600-1649)
the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649
He often disagreed with Parliament and made many unpopular
political decisions, and so helped to cause the English CIVIL
WAR. As a result he was executed (EXECUTE) in 1649. 查理一
世〔(1600-1649)，英格兰、苏格兰及爱尔兰国王，1625年至1649
年在位。他常与议会意见相左，并作出许多不受欢迎的政治决策，
由此导致了英国内战的爆发。最后，他于1649年被处死〕
Charles ll /tfarlz e `sckend;, tfa:lz e 'sekend/, King (1630. 
1685) the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland who was the
son of Charles I. He officially became king after his father's
death in 1649， but he did not return to England to rule until the
end of the English CIVIL WAR in 1660. He is sometimes called
the Merry Monarch’查理二世〔(1630-1685)，英格兰、苏格兰
及爱尔兰国王，查理一世之子。1649年父亲死后他正式登基，但直
到1660年英国内战结束后才返回英格兰治理国家。他有时被称
为“风流国王”) — see also 另见 RESTORATION
Charles, Ray (1930- ) a US singer, songwriter, and piand
player, who is blind, and who was most successful during the
1950s and 1960s. He is known for his emotional style of sing-
ing and for his influence on SOUL MUSIC. 查尔斯〔 (1930- )，
美国盲人歌手、歌曲作家和钢琴家，20世纪50、60年代走红。他
以动人的演唱风格及其对灵乐的影响而闻名〕
Charles de Gaulle Air-port /farl de gol `Erport;fa:l de goul
eepo:t/ also 又作 Charles de Gaulle - the main Paris airport, 
named after Charles DE GAULLE 戴高乐机场〔巴黎的主要机场，
以夏尔·戴高乐的名字命名〕
Charles ton /`tfarlstn; 'tfa:lstan/ an old city (1670) in South
Carolina in the US 查尔斯顿〔美国南卡罗来纳州的一座古老城
市(1670)— see colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色
地图
Charleston, the n a quick dance popular in the 1920s, in which
the dancers do backward kicks 查尔斯顿舞〔20世纪20年代流
行的一种快舞，跳的时候舞者做向后踢腿的动作)
char-ley horse /`tfa:li hors; 'tfa:li ho:s/ n AmE infml a sud-
den pain in a large muscle, such as the leg or arm muscles, 
caused by the muscle contracting (CONTRACT3(1) after hard
exercise【美，非正式】〔剧烈运动后由于肌肉收缩引起的腿、胳膊
等处)肌肉痉挛，抽筋：“I have a charley horse in my thigh, ”
he groaned. “我的大腿抽筋了。”他呻吟道
Char. ley's Aunt /，tfarliz `aent; ，tfa:liz 'a:nt/ a popular FARCE
(=silly humorous play) by Brandon Thomas (1856-1914) about
a man who dresses up as an old lady and pretends to be the
aunt of a friend of his《查利的姑妈》〔布兰登·托马斯(1856-
1914)创作的一部受人喜爱的闹剧，讲述一名男子装扮成老太太的
模样假冒他朋友的姑妈〕
char·lie /`tfarli; 'tfa:li/ n BrE infml (often cap. 常用大写) a
fool【英，非正式】蠢人：I felt a real/proper charlie when I
dropped all the plates. 我一失手把盘子全摔坏了，当时真感到
自己活像个傻瓜
Charlie Brown // — see 参见 Charlie BROWN
Charl-ton /`tfarltn; 'tfa:ltan/. Sir Bobby (1937-)an English
football player who played for the English national team and
for MANCHESTER UNITED. He and his brother Jack played in
the English team that won the WORLD CUP in 1966， and he is
considered one of the best English players ever. 博比·查尔顿
〔(1937-)，英格兰足球运动员，曾效力于英格兰队和曼彻斯特联
0277
队。1966年，他和哥哥杰克所在的英格兰队夺得了世界杯。他被
认为是英格兰有史以来最杰出的球员之一〕
Charlton, Jack (1935-)an English football player who played
for the English national team and for LEEDS UNITED. He and his
brother Bobby played in the English team that won the WORLD
CUP in 1966， and was manager of the Irish national team from
1986 to 1995. 杰克·查尔顿〔(1935-)，英格兰足球运动员，曾效
力于英格兰队和利兹联队。1966年，他和弟弟博比所在的英格兰
队夺得了世界杯。1986年至1995年间他任爱尔兰国家队主教练〕
*charm1 /tfarm; tfa:m/ n 1 [C; U] the power or ability to please. 
attract, or delight 魔力，魅力，吸引力：This lovely old town has
a charm you couldn't find in a big city. 这个可爱的古镇有大
城市所找不到的魅力。| a man of great charm 有巨大魅力的男
人 | When she discovered how rich he was, she really turned
on the charm. (=started using her charm) 当发现他那么富有
时，她真正施展起自己的魅力来。2[C] an act, expression, or
ohrase believed to have magical powers; SPELI3魔力, 魔法;咒
语 3 [C] an object worn on a chain or BRACELET to keep away
evil or bring good luck; lucky charms include hearts and
horseshoes〔装在手链、手镯上用以避邪或表示吉祥的〕小装饰品
〔有心形的，也有马蹄形的)4 like a charm perfectly; with com-
plete success 神奇地；完全奏效地：My little plan worked like
a charm. 我的小计划完全奏效。
*charm2v [T] 1 [(into)] to delight, attract, or influence by charm
使高兴，使陶醉：吸引：迷住：The child charms everyone (into
doing what she wants). 这小女孩把所有的人都迷住了（要他们
做什么就做什么) 。| She was charmed by Venice. 她被威尼斯
深深吸引住了。2 to control (as if) by magic(好像)用魔法控制
to charm snakes 耍蛇 | It seemed as if he had a charmed life
(=protected by magic); nothing bad ever happened to him. 他
好像一生都有魔法保护，什么坏事都从不发生在他身上。
charm·er /'tfarma; 'tfa:mer/ n 1 someone who charms others
使人着迷的人 2 someone who charms animals 耍动物的人 -
see also 另见 SNAKE CHARMER
charm·ing /^tfarmin; 'tfa:min/ adj very pleasing; delightful 迷
人的，可爱的，美好的：What a charming young man!一个多么
可爱的年轻人！|charming manners 迷人的风度 | a charm
ing smile/city/garden/story 迷人的微笑[城市；花园；故事]-
~ly adv
Charming, Prince — see另见 PRINCE CHARMING
charm school /'/ n AmE a school where young people were
sometimes sent to learn how to behave in polite society. Charm
schools are now rare. 【美】礼仪学校〔现已罕见〕
graph 曲线图
50
40
30
20
10
8384
bar chart 条形图
40↑
Sales 销售量
30
20
10
pie chart 圆形分析图
France 40%
法国
char·nel house /`tfarnl haus; 'tfa:nl haus/ n lit a place where
the bodies and bones of dead people are stored【文】藏骸所；骨
灰堂；停尸间
Cha. ron /keren: 'kearen/ in Greek MYTHOLOGY, the FERRYMAN
who took the souls of dead people in his boat across the river
STYX to HADES 卡隆〔希腊神话故事中，载运死者亡灵渡过冥河去
阴间的艄工〕
chart1 /tfart; tfa:t/n 1 (a sheet of paper with) information writ-
ten or drawn in the form of a picture, GRAPH etc, usually with
the intention of making it easy to understand 图表：a sales
chart 销售图表 | a weather chart 天气图 2 a map, especially
a detailed map of a sea area 地图；〔尤指)海图 3 [usually pl. 一
般用复数] a list, produced weekly, of the most popular records
唱片的每周流行榜：That song has been in the charts for weeks. 
那首歌已有好几周都上了流行榜。|her recent chart-topping
single 她最近名列每周流行榜榜首的单歌唱片 — see also另见
BAR CHART, FLOWCHART, PIE CHART
chart2v [T] to make a map or chart of; show or record on a
chart 绘制··的地图[海图，图表]；在图表上标出：to chart the
sea area between France and Britain 绘制法国和英国之间的
海域图 | (fig. 喻) The book charts her rise to fame as an
actress. 这本书记述了她作为演员的成名史。- — see also另见 UN-
CHARTED
char. ter1 /tfarte; 'tfa:te/ n 1 [C] BrE a signed statement from
a ruler, government etc, giving rights, freedoms etc to the
people, an organization, or a person【英】〔统治者、政府等颁发
的)授予特种权利的法令；特许状；许可证：The rights of our citi-
zens are governed by charter. 我们的公民权利是由法令所规
定的。| (fig. , derog 喻，贬) This new law amounts to a tax
evader's charter. (=allows people to escape paying taxes)这
项新法律简直成了为逃税者开的许可证。 — see also 另见 CITIZEN'S
CHARTER 2 [C] a statement of the principles, duties, and pur-
poses of an organization 〔组织的〕章程，纲领，宪章，宣言：These
principles are embodied in the UN charter. 这些原则都体现
在联合国宪章里。3 [U] the practice of hiring or renting cars, 
buses, planes etc, for special use〔汽车、飞机等的)包租：They
have yachts available for charter. 他们有供包租的游艇。
charter2y [T] 1 to give a charter to, or establish by means of a
charter 发许可证给·；特许设立 2 to hire or rent out (a plane. 
train, bus etc) for a special use包租〔飞机、火车、公共汽车等)：
a chartered plane/ship/flight 包租的飞机[船只；航班] — see
参见 HIRE(USAGE)
chartered ac·coun·tant /，· ·'·/ BrE【英】| certified public
accountant AmE【美】- n an ACCOUNTANT who has success-
charts 图表
fully completed his/her training 特许会计师 — see also 另见
ACCOUNTANT
charter flight /'·. /n a low-cost journey in a plane on which all
seats have been reserved (RESERVE1) in advance by travel com-
panies for their customers 包机旅行〔指旅行社为客户预订下所
有飞机座位的一种廉价旅行方式) — compare 比较 SCHEDULED
FLIGHT
charter mem. ber /，. '. / n especially AmE an original mem-
ber of a society or organization【尤美】〔社团等的〕创始成员，
发起人，基本会员
87
Char-tists, the /tfartists; 'tfa:tsts/ a political group of people
that was active in the UK in the 1830s and 1840s. They de-
manded changes that were regarded as very extreme at that
time, such as giving all men the right to vote and to become
Members of Parliament. Some of them were sent to prisons in
Australia as a punishment. 宪章派〔19世纪30、40年代活跃于
英国的政治团体，他们要求实行在当时看来很极端的改革，如赋予
所有男子选举权以及成为议员的权力等。他们中一些人被遣送到
澳大利亚服刑〕
Char. treuse /far`truz; fa:'tr3:z/ trademark a type of green or
yellow French LIQUEUR (=a sweet and very strong alcoholic
drink), made with BRANDY and HERBS, and usually drunk from
A
a small glass after a meal【商标】沙特勒兹酒，荨麻酒〔一种绿色
Spain 20%
或黄色的法国利口酒，以白兰地和香草制成，一般在饭后倒在小酒
西班牙
杯内饮用
char·wom·an /`tfar, wumen;'tfa:, wumen/ also又作 charlady. 
char - n charwomen /-，wimin; -，wimin/ old-fash, especially
UK15%
BrE a woman who works as a cleaner in a house, office, or
英国
public building【过时，尤英】〔家庭、办公室、公共建筑物的〕清洁
女工
char·y /`tferi; 'tfeari/ adj [F (of] fml unwilling to take risks;
CAUTIOUS【正式】小心的，谨慎的：You should be chary of in-
USA 25%
vesting any money in such a risky venture. 你在这样冒险的事
美国
业里投资要十分谨慎。- -ily adv
Cha·ryb. dis /ke`ribdis; ke'ribdis/ — see 参见 SCYLLA AND
CHARYBDIS
0278
*chase1/tfes; tfeis/ v1 [I (after); T] to follow rapidly in order to
catch 追赶，追逐；追捕：The cat chased the mouse but couldn't
catch it. 猫追着老鼠，但逮不着它。| Chase after Ann and ask
her to get some eggs while she's at the shops. 赶快去追上安，
告诉她上商店时顺便买些鸡蛋。|(fig. 喻)He's always chas-
ing(after) the girls. (=trying to attract them)他老是在追求女
孩子。|(fig. 喻)We had 200 applicants chasing (=trying to
get)3jobs!我们有200个应聘者竞争3个职位。2[T+obj+adv/
prep] to make (someone) leave by chasing them; drive away
赶走，驱逐：The dog ran out into the garden and chased the
birds away. 狗奔进花园，赶跑了那群鸟。| She chased the chil-
dren out of the kitchen. 她把孩子赶出厨房。3 [I+adv/prep] to
rush; hurry 奔跑，匆忙地走：I've chased all round the building
looking for you. 我在房子周围跑了一圈寻找你。| The children
are always chasing in and out/chasing about (the house). 孩
子们老是在屋里跑进跑出[到处跑]。4[T(UP)] to make inquir-
ies about(something) or talk to (someone) in order to find in-
formation or get something done 追查〔事、人)；追寻：The po-
lice have been trying to chase (up) the dead man's sister, but
they have no idea where she lives. 警方一直在试图追寻死者的
妹妹，但他们不知道她住在哪儿。| Those books I ordered still
haven't come - I'll have to chase the manager about them. 
我预订的那些书还没来，我得向经理追查一下。5 chase the
dragon slang to take the drug HEROIN, especially by putting it
into the blood with a needle【俚】〔尤指用注射的方法)服用海洛
因
chase2n 1 [C] an act of chasing someone or something 追逐；追
捕；追猎：There was a long chase before the criminal was
caught. 经过长时间的追捕，这名罪犯才落网。| There was an
exciting car chase in the film. 在电影中有激烈的汽车追逐的场
面。2 [the+S] fml the sport of hunting especially foxes【正式】
打猎；〔尤指〕猎狐：the thrill of the chase 打猎的刺激性 3[C]
(often cap. as part of a name常大写作为名字的一部分) an area
of land set aside for the breeding of wild animals for hunting
and shooting 狩猎区，猎场：Cannock Chase 坎诺克狩猎区 4
give chase rather fml to chase something or someone【比较正
式】追赶：The old lady saw the thief running up the street and
gave chase on her bicycle. 老太太看见小偷从街上跑过，便骑
自行车去追赶。 — see also 另见 PAPER CHASE, WILD-GOOSE
CHASE
chase3 v [T] tech to decorate (metal) by marking it with a tool
without a cutting edge【术语】镂刻，雕镂〔金属制品)：chased
silver 雕镂银器
Chase, Chev. y /tfEvi; 'tfevi/ (1943-)a US COMEDIAN famous
for appearing on the television show SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE
and in the NATIONAL LAMPOON films 蔡斯〔(1943-)，美国喜
剧演员，以演出电视节目《欢乐周末》及《国民讽刺》电影而出名)
Chase Man. hat. tan Bank /. / trademark a large bank in
the US, with its main offices in New York City【商标】大通曼
哈顿银行〔美国一大银行，总部设在纽约市)
chas. er /tfes; 'tfeise/ n a weaker alcoholic drink drunk after
a stronger one, or a stronger alcoholic drink drunk after a
weaker one饮烈酒后喝的淡酒；饮淡酒后喝的烈酒：After drink-
ing a pint of beer he had a whisky as a chaser. 喝过一品脱啤
酒后，他以一杯烈性的威士忌为续酒。
chas. m /'kaezem; 'kaezam/ n a very deep crack or opening in
the surface of the earth or ice〔地面或冰上的〕宽深裂口；陷坑；
断层：(fig. 喻) There was a (deep) political chasm between
the two countries which nearly led to war. 这两国之间存在的
深刻政治裂痕使它们几乎发生战争。
chas. sis /faesi; 'faesi/ n chassis /faesiz; 'faesiz/ 1 the frame on
which the body and working parts of a vehicle are fastened or
built〔汽车等的〕底盘；底座 2 the landing apparatus of a plane
〔飞机的〕起落架；机架
chaste /tfest; tfeist/ adj 1 apprec not taking part in sexual ac-
tivity, especially immoral sexual activity【褒】贞洁的，纯洁的，
正派的 — compare 比较 CELIBATE; see also 另见CHASTITY 2
MODEST(3)端庄的，庄重的 3 pomp(especially of a style of
writing)simple; not too highly decorated【夸张】〔尤指文体)简
洁的，朴实无华的 — ~ly adv
chas. ten /`tfesn; 'tfeisan/ v [T] to make (someone) want to
improve their behaviour as a result of punishment or suffering
〔为矫正行为而〕惩戒，责罚，磨炼〔某人)：He was rather chas-
tened by the accident, which had happened because he was
driving too fast. 他因开快车而出了事，这使他得到了教训。|a
chastening experience 可引以为戒的经历
chas. tise /tfaes`taiz; tfae'staiz/ v [T] fml to punish or blame
severely, especially by beating【正式】惩罚；责骂，严厉责备；〔尤
指〕体罚 — ~ment n[C;U]
chas. ti. ty /`tfaesteti; 'tfaestti/ n [U] 1 (especially of young
women)the condition of being sexually chaste and of having a
very pure and INNOCENT attitude to sex〔尤指年轻妇女〕贞洁，
贞操：Chastity before marriage is still demanded in some
societies. 在有些社会里仍要求婚前的贞洁。2 euph for【婉】=
VIRGINITY
chastity belt /'. . /n a special belt with a lock worn by some
women in former times and intended to prevent them from
having sexual relations〔旧时防妇女私通用的〕贞操带
chas. u. ble /tfaezjubl;'tfaezjbal/n a loose-fitting garment with-
out arms, worn by some Christian priests at religious services, 
especially the Mass 十字褡〔神父做弥撒时穿的无袖长袍)
chat1/tfaet; tfaet/ v-tt- [I (about, AWAY, ON)] infml to talk in a
friendly informal manner【非正式】闲谈，聊天：She chatted with
most of the guests at the party. 她在招待会上跟大多数宾客都
攀谈了。| The two friends sat in a corner and chatted (away)
about the weather/about what they had been doing since they
last met. 两个朋友坐在角落里闲聊天气[大谈他们自上次会面以
来所做的事]。
chat sbdy. up phr v [T] BrE infml to talk to (especially
someone of the opposite sex)in a friendly way in order to be-
gin a relationship, persuade them to do something etc【英，非
正式】跟〔尤指异性〕亲切聊天；与·搭讪：The local boys chat
up all the foreign girls in the tourist season. 当地的小伙子在
旅游季节一遇到外国女孩就去搭讪。| If you chat him up a bit
he might lend it to you. 如果你跟他聊一下，他也许会把它借给
你的。
chat2n infml [C; U (about, with)](a) friendly informal
conversation【非正式】闲谈，聊天：I had a chat (about that) with
Mary. 我同玛丽聊过 （那件事）。| There's too much chat in this
office!这办公室的人聊天聊得太多！ — see also另见 CHAT SHOW
chat. eau, chat- /fae`to; 'faeteu/ n-teaus or -teaux /fae`toz;
'faeteuz/ a castle or large country house in France. The chateaux, 
especially those along the Loire, are especially popular with
tourists. 〔法国的)城堡；乡间别墅，大宅邸；庄园〔尤其是卢瓦尔河
沿岸城堡特别受游客喜爱〕
chat. e. laine /faetl en;'faetl-ein/ n 1 the female owner, or wife
of the owner, of a large country house or castle 庄园[乡间别
墅、城堡]女主人 2 (in former times) a set of chains fastened to
a woman's belt for carrying keys etc〔旧时〕妇女腰间系的钥匙
链子
chat. line /tfaetlain;'tfaetlain/ n a British telephone service which
people call to have a conversation with others who have called
the same service. After public concern that some young people
call chatlines a lot and leave their parents with very high bills, 
chatlines were closed down in Britain in 1992. 聊天热线〔英国
的一项电信服务项目，打电话到该热线的人相互之间可以进行通
话。一些年轻人频繁拨打聊天热线，给父母留下高额账单。这现象
引起广泛关注以后，聊天热线于1992年关闭〕
chat show 清谈节目
chat show /'·/ BrE【英】‖talk show AmE【美】- n a radio or
television show on which well-known people talk to each other
and are asked questions. The presenters of chat shows often
become extremely famous themselves. (电台或电视台的)（名
人)清谈节目〔清谈节目的主持人从而也声名鹊起)：a chat-show
host一位清谈节目主持人
chat. tel /`tfaetl; 'tfaetl/ n law an article of movable property
(especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 goods and chattels全部
财物)【律】（一件）动产；有形财产：(fig. 喻)He treats his wife
as if she were just a chattel. (=a piece of his property)他把妻
子只当作一件私有财产对待。
chatter1/`tfaete;'tfaete/v[I]1 [(about, AWAY, ON)](of people)
to talk quickly, continuously, and for a long time, usually about
something unimportant〔人〕唠叨，饶舌，喋喋不休：The teacher
0279
told the children to stop chattering in class. 老师要学生们停
止在课堂上没完没了地讲话。| chattering on about his new car
喋喋不休地谈论着他的新车2[(AWAY)](of certain animals and
birds) to make rapid speechlike sounds〔某些兽类和鸟类的〕鸣
叫；啁啾；吱吱叫：The monkeys were chattering away in the
trees. 猴子在树林里吱吱地叫着。3 (of the teeth) to knock to-
gether repeatedly, especially through cold or fear 〔尤指因冷或
害怕而使牙齿)咯咯作响：I was so cold my teeth were chattering
我冷得牙齿直打战。—~er n
chatter2n [U] 1 rapid informal unimportant conversation 喋喋
不休的谈话；唠叨 2 a rapid knocking sound made by teeth, 
machines etc, or the rapid speechlike sounds made by certair
animals and birds〔牙齿、机器等的〕咯咯声；〔某些兽类和鸟类的
鸣叫声； the chatter of the enemy's guns 敌人嗒嗒作响的枪声
chat. ter. box /tfaete baks; 'tfaeteboks/ n infml a person who
talks a lot, especially about things that are unimportant【非正
式】喋喋不休的人，话匣子
chattering class·es /'·. ·/ n [the+P] BrE people who are very
interested in news and CURRENT AFFAIRS, especially broad
casters and people who write for the newspapers【英】热衷于时
事新闻的人〔尤指播音员和报纸撰稿人〕
Chatterley, Lady — see 参见 LADY CHATTERLEY'S LOVER
chat·ty /`tfaetr; 'tfaeti/ adj infml【非正式】1 fond of talking or
chatting 爱说话的，健谈的：He's a friendly, chatty sort of
person, 他是个待人亲切而又健谈的人。 2 having the styl of
informal conversation 闲聊式的：a chatty letter 一封聊天式的
chat-up line /'··/ BrE【英】‖ usually 一般用 line AmE【美】—
n something that someone, especially a man, says in order to
try to start a relationship with someone they are interested in
sexually, especially the first time they meet. Certain chat-up
lines are felt to have been used so often that they are now only
used jokingly, e. g. 'Do you come here often?' and 'Haven't
we met somewhere before?'搭讪的话〔尤指男子在第一次遇见
感兴趣的异性时，试图与她结交而说的话。有些话人们已感觉用得
太多，所以现在只在开玩笑的时候才说，例如“你经常来这儿吗？”。
“我们以前是不是在哪儿见过？”
Chau. cer/tfose; 'tfo:se/, Geof. frey /^d3fri;'d3efri/(?1340
1400) an English writer known for his long poem The CAN-
TERBURY TALES, one of the most important works in English
literature. It is about a group of pilgrims travelling to
Canterbury, who tell each other stories. 乔叟〔 (？1340-1400)
英国作家，以长诗《坎特伯雷故事集》——英国文学最重要的著作
之一而闻名。该诗描写一群去坎特伯雷的朝圣者，他们之间轮流讲
故事〕
chauffeur /fof; 'feufe/ chauffeuse /fo`faz; feu'f3:z/ fem. 
【阴性】- n a person employed to drive a car for someone else
〔为他人开车的〕司机 -- chauffeur y [I;T (AROUND, ABOUT)]:
(fig. 喻) Your mother shouldn't waste her time chauffeuring
you around; you'll have to learn to drive yourself! 你母亲不
会浪费时间为你开车到处去，你得学会自己开车！
Chau. tau. qua /fe`tokwe: fe'to:kwe/ a place in the US state of
New York where many people go to enjoy special arts events
during the summer, including musical performances and plays
肖托夸〔位于美国纽约州一地，人们夏季去那里参加特别的艺术活
动，包括音乐表演和戏剧表演
chau. vin·is. m /fovin. izem: 'feuvnizam/ n [U] 1 very great
and often unthinking admiration for your country; proud and
unreasonable belief that your country is politically, morally
and militarily, better than all others 大国沙文主义；本国至上主
义；盲目的爱国主义 2 unreasonable belief that the sex to which
you belong is better than the other sex 大男[女]子主义，男性
女性] 至上主义：When she tried to become an engineer, she
ame up against (=was faced by) a lot of male chauvinism. 当
她试图成为工程师时，她面对许多大男子主义的压力。
chau. vin. istfovimist; 'feuvnst/ n, adj (a person or organization)
feeling, showing, or based on chauvinism 沙文主义（的）；本性
别至上主义者（的）：a chauvinist foreign policy 大国沙文主义
的对外政策 | Her husband's such a chauvinist that he tries
to tell her how to vote. 她丈夫大男子主义十足，竟要教她怎样
投票。-— see also 另见 MALE CHAUVINIST -
fauys'nistik/adi — ~ically 1-klr:-kli/adv
Cha. vez/tfavz;tfa:vez/, Ce. sar /se`zar; sei'za:/ (1927-1993)
a Mexican-American who was the President of the United Farm
Workers of America from 1966 to 1993. He is known for orga-
nizing BOYCOTTS that helped poor workers win better wages
and stopped farmers from using harmful chemicals to grow food. 
查维斯〔(1927-1993)，墨西哥裔美国人，1966年至1993年间任
美国农场工人联合会主席，以曾组织旨在帮助贫困工人提高工资及
阻止农场主使用有害的化学物质种植粮食的抵制活动而闻名
cheap'/tfip; tfi:p/ adj 1 low in price and good value for money;
INEXPENSIVE 廉价的，便宜的：Fresh vegetables are very cheap
in the summer. 夏天新鲜蔬菜很便宜。| Bread is cheap in this
shop because they bake it themselves. 这铺子的面包很便宜，
因为是他们自己烤制的。| This is the cheapest restaurant in
town. (=it charges the lowest prices)这是镇上最便宜的饭馆。
Houses like that don't come cheap. (=are expensive)这样的
房子不便宜。| She got those trousers on the cheap(=at a
very low price) at the market. 那条裤子是她在市场上廉价买到
的。| (derog 贬) The industry is maintained by the cheap
labour(=work done for low pay) of immigrant workers. 这种
工业是靠移民工人的廉价劳动维持的。2 low in price and of little
value or low quality 价廉质劣的；无价值的，不值钱的：Her shoes
looked cheap and nasty to me. 我觉得她的鞋子既蹩脚又难看。
fig. 喻) A hundred years ago human life was held a lot
cheaper than it is today. (=was considered to have little value)
100年前人的生命远不如今天这样受到珍视。3(of behaviour)of-
fensively unpleasant and showing a lack of principles or sin-
cere feelings; VULGAR 〔人的举止〕粗鄙的；低俗的； I hate his kind
of cheap humour. 我讨厌他那种低级的幽默。| cheap emotion
粗俗的感情 | cheap thrills 粗鄙的刺激 | I felt very cheap
(=ashamed) because I'd lied to my friend. 我觉得很惭愧，因为
我对朋友撒了谎。4 AmE infml not liking to spend money
STINGY【美, 非正式】吝啬的, 小气的 5 chea and cheerfu infml
(especially of decorations etc)looking cheap, but not ashamed
of it【非正式】〔尤指装潢等〕廉价但不失体面的 - — ~ly adv
ness n [U]
*cheap2 adv at a very low price 廉价地，便宜地：I was very lucky
to get it so cheap. 我很幸运能如此便宜地买到它
heap. en /tfipen; 'tfi:pen/ v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) become
cheaper in price or value(使)跌价，（使）变得便宜；（使）变得无
价值：The dollar's increase in value has cheapened imports, 
美元升值使进口货便宜了。2 [T] to make (especially yourself)
seem less good or honourable; DEGRADE 降低〔尤指自己的〕身
份[地位，威信]：Don't cheapen yourself by getting involved
in their shady deals. 你不要卷入他们暧昧的交易中去，以免自
贬身价
cheap-jack /' / adj [A] BrE【英】1 cheap and worthless;
SHODDY 无价值的；低劣的 2 producing or selling cheap worth
less goods 生产[销售]低劣商品的
cheap. skate /'tfip sket; 'tfi:pskeit/ n derog a person who spends
or gives very unwillingly【贬】吝啬的人，小气鬼
cheat1/tfit; tfi:t/ v 1 [I (at)] to behave in a dishonest or deceit
ful way in order to win an advantage, especially in a game 〔尤
指在游戏中〕欺骗，作弊：He always cheats at cards. 他玩纸牌
时总是作弊。| Any student caught cheating will be disquali-
fied from the exam. 任何学生作弊一经发现，即被取消考试资格。
2 [T (of, out of)] to take from (someone) deceitfully 骗取：
They cheated the old woman (out) of her money by making
her sign a document she didn't understand. 他们让那老妇人
在她不懂的文件上签字，骗了她的钱。3 [T] lit to avoid or es-
cape as if by deception【文】逃避，逃脱：The swimmers cheated
death in the stormy seas. 游泳的人们在波涛汹涌的大海中幸免
于难。4 [I (on)] infml to be sexually unfaithful (to)【非正式】
(男女关系上)（对··）不忠实：They've only just got married, 
and already she's started cheating (on him)! 他们才结婚，她
就开始（对他）不忠实了
*cheat2n 1 a person who cheats; dishonest person 骗子：I saw
you drop that card, you cheat! 我看见你弄掉那张牌了，你这个
滑头！ 2 rare an example of cheating or dishonesty【罕】欺诈
[欺骗]行为
Chech·nya /tfatfnje; 'tfetfnje/ officially called the Republic
of Chechnya. It is situated in the northern part of the CAUCASUS
Mountains in russia. It is one of the districts in the russian
Federation. It borders Georgia in the south. It has an area less
than 20, 000 km2. Population: about 450, 000. Capital: Grozny. 
The people are mostly Muslim. 车臣〔全称车臣共和国，位于俄
罗斯高加索山脉北侧，为俄联邦主体之一，南与格鲁吉亚接壤。面
积不足2万平方公里，人口约450, 000。首府：格罗兹尼。居民大
都为穆斯林。-— Chechen n, adj
~ic /fovi`nistik;
check1/tfck; tfek/ n 1 [C (on)] an examination or INSPECTION
e. g. to make certain that something is correct or in good condi-
tion 核对；检查； 查核：an airport security check 机场安全检查
a check on the quality of all goods leaving the factory 全部出
厂货物的质量检查 | They gave the car a thorough check be-
fore setting out on their journey. 他们在起程前对汽车作了彻
底检查。| The police are running a check on everyone who
was at the party. (=finding information about them)警方正对
参加过那次聚会的每个人进行审查。|I don't think I've got a
copy of the report, but I'll have a check through my files. 我
0280
看我这里没有那份报告的副本，但我会查一查我的文件档案。|
You'll have to keep a check on the oil - there's a leak in the
tank. 你必须经常检查油量，因为油箱有裂缝。 — see also 另见
CHECKUP, SPOT CHECK 2 [C] a standard against which some
thing can be tested or examined 〔检查、试验的〕标准，依据：She
glanced through his lecture notes as a check that she had
noted down all the important information. 她把他的讲义笔记
匆匆看了一遍，核实她是否已把重要资料全都记下来了。3[S(on)
U](a means of) the prevention of movement or development;
RESTRAINT 制止（手段），抑制（手段），阻止；控制：The river
acted as a check on the army's advance. 河流成了一道屏障
阻挡了军队的前进。| We've kept the disease in check for a
year now. 我们到目前为止已把这种病控制了一年。| You must
put a check on your spending. 你花钱要有节制。| The police
tried to hold the angry crowd in check. 警察试图控制住愤怒
的人群。4[C] a AmE for【美】= CHEQUE b AmE for【美】= TICK
(2)5[C] a ticket or object for claiming something; RECEIPT寄
存物品的凭证；收条；号牌：I've lost the check for my coat. 我把
我的外衣存放证丢了。6 [C] AmE & ScotE a bill at a restaurant
【美和苏格兰】〔餐馆的〕账单 7 [C;U] a pattern of squares, es
pecially on cloth （尤指布料的）方格图案； a red and white check
tablecloth 红白格子的桌布 — see also 另见 CHECKED 8 [U]
(in CHESS) the position of the king when under direct attack
from an opponent's piece(s)〔棋赛〕被“将军”的局面〔王棋处于
被攻击的位置上)：He put her in check with his knight. 他用
马”将了她一军。 - — see also另见 CHECKMATE, RAIN CHECK
check2v1 [I (for, on, UP); T] to test, examine, or mark to see if
something is correct, true, in good condition etc检查：核对：查
验：评分：Their bags were checked by security guards as they
entered the building. 他们进入大楼时，保安人员检查了他们的
提包。| She read the letter through before sending it, check-
ing for spelling mistakes. 她发信前把信从头至尾看了一遍，检
查一下有没有拼写错误。| She checked through the letter be-
fore sending it. 她发信前把信从头至尾查看了一遍。|“Is the
baby asleep?” “I'll just go and check (up). ” “宝宝睡熟了没
有？” “我这就去看看。”| The police are checking up on whal
the man told them, 警方正在核实那人告诉他们的情况。| She
asked her surveyor to check the floorboards for dry rot. 她请
房屋鉴定人查看一下地板有没有千朽。| Before you send the
letter, check with Bill (=ask him) to see if the address is right
你在发信前找比尔核查一下，看地址对不对。|[+that/wh-]I must
just check that the potatoes are cooked/whether the potatoes
are cooked, 我必须查看一下马铃薯煮了没有。2 [T] to find out
and note 查出；记下：She checked the temperature every morn-
ing before leaving home, 她每天早晨出门前都查一下气温。
3 [T] to stop, control, or hold back; RESTRAIN阻碍，制止；抑
制：More police have been recruited in an attempt to check
the increase in crime. 为了制止犯罪活动的增加，已招募了更多
的警察。| A change of wind checked the fire. 风向的改变阻止
了火势。 — see also 另见 UNCHECKED 4 [T] (in CHESS) to move
your pieces so as to put (the opponent's king) under direct attack
〔棋赛〕将〔对方的王棋〕一军5[T]AmE for【美】=TICK2(2)
6 [T] a AmE to leave or accept(something) to be looked after
【美】寄放〔物品)：接受寄放〔物品〕：They checked their coats
before taking their seats in the theatre. 他们在剧院里就座前
先寄存了他们的外衣。b [(IN)] to leave or accept (LUGGAGE) to
be taken somewhere, especially by air 〔尤指空运〕托运〔行李)；
接受托运〔行李)：He checked (in) his bags. 他托运了他的旅行
袋。| His baggage was checked through to Bangkok. 他的行
李被直接托运到曼谷。 — see also 另见 CROSSCHECK, DOUBLE
CHECK
check in phr y 1 [I (at, to)] to report your arrival at a hotel
desk, an airport etc 〔在旅馆)登记办理住宿手续；〔在机场〕办理登
机手续：He checked in at the hotel under a false name. 他用假
名登记入住旅馆。| You must check in (at the airport) an hour
before your plane leaves. 你必须在飞机起飞前一小时（到机场）
办理登机手续。 — compare 比较 CHECK out (1) 2 [T (check
sthg.  in)] especially AmE to have the return of (an article)
recorded【尤美】办理〔某物〕的归还手续；归还〔某物〕：I'm just
going to check in these books at the library. 我正打算到图书
馆去还书。- — see also 另见 CHECK2 (6b), CHECK-IN
check sthg. off phr v [T] to mark (e. g. names or items in a
list) as having been dealt with 在·上记上已检查符号；在·上
打钩〔表示检查过〕
check out phr v 1 [I (of)] to leave a hotel after paying the
bill〔在旅店)办理退房手续；结账后离开〔旅店) — compare 比较
CHECK in 2 [I; T (=check sthg. → out)] infml【非正式】a to
find out whether (something) is true by making inquiries 查
证，核实：The police are still checking out his story/his alibi. 
警察还在核实他交待的情况[他不在案发现场的证据]。b to be
found to be true after inquiries have been made _得到证实：How
does his story check out with the facts?他的说法经核实与事
实相差有多大？3[T(check sthg. out)] infml, especially AmE
to examine(something) in order to learn the qualities of【非正
式，尤美】调查，了解：Have you checked out that new Thai
restaurant?那家新开的泰国饭店你了解过没有?|boys s chec-
ing out the other team's cheerleaders 调查对方球队啦啦队底
细的那些男孩子 4 [T (check sthg. ← out)] especially AmE to
have the removal of (an article) recorded【尤美】给〔某物〕办理
借出[领取]登记手续：to check a book out (of a library) （从图
书馆)登记借出一本书 — see also 另见CHECKOUT
check sthg.  over phr v [T] to examine (something) in or-
der to make sure it is correct 核对，检查：Please check this
work over and correct any mistakes. 请把这份作业检查一遍
并把错误改掉。
check·book /tfεkbuk; 'tfekbuk/ n AmE for【美】= a CHEQUEBOOK
check card /' / also 又作 check guar·an·tee card /. . / - n
AmE for【美】= a CHEQUE CARD
checked /tfckt; tfekt/ adjhaving a pattern of squares 有格子图
案的：checked curtains 格子窗帘 — compare 比较 CHEQUERED:
see also 另见 CHECK'(7)
check·er /`tfke; 'tfeke/n 1 [C] AmE someone who works at
the CHECKOUT in a SUPERMARKET【美】〔超级市场的〕收银员
2 checkers [U] a game that two people play with 12 round
pieces each, in which the purpose is to take the other plaver's
pieces by jumping over them with your pieces; BrE【英】
draughts(DRAUGHT1(2)西洋跳棋，国际跳棋〔一种棋类游戏，
由双方各持12枚棋子，跳过对方棋子后即能将它吃掉〕 — see also
另见 CHINESE CHECKERS
Check-er, Chubby (1941-) an American singer popular es-
pecially in the 1960s, whose most famous song is The Twist 切
克〔(1941-)，美国歌手，20世纪60年代尤其受人喜爱，最著名
的歌曲是《扭摆舞》〕
check·er·board /`tfake·bord; 'tfekebo:d/ n [C] AmE【美】a board
used to play checkers, with 32 white squares and 32 black
squares;BrE【英】DRAUGHTBOARD 西洋[国际]跳棋棋盘〔由32
个白格和32个黑格所构成)
check·ered /`tfako-d; 'tfeked/ adj AmE for【尤美】= CHEQUERED
check·ers /`tfaka·z; 'tfekez/ n [U] AmE for【美】= DRAUGHTS
check-in /'/n [C; U] (a place for) the reporting of your arriva
at a hotel desk, airport etc〔旅馆的住宿〕登记手续[处]：〔机场的〕
登机手续[报到处]：The airline boasts superior service from
reservations through check-in to baggage handling. 这家航
空公司自夸服务优良，从预订机票，办理登机手续，到行李装运，样
样水平一流。| a check-in counter 办理登机手续[或旅馆入住
手续]的柜台 — see also 另见 CHECK in
checking ac. count /'. . / n AmE a bank account which usu-
ally earns little or no interest and from which money can be
taken out at any time by cheque; CURRENT ACCOUNT【美】支票
存款账户，活期存款账户 — compare 比较 DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
check. list /`tfek list; 'tfek list/ n [(of)] a complete list, e. g. of
checks to be made, things to be done etc〔核对用的)清单；检查
单；名单，名册：The crew of the aircraft went through the safety
checklist before takeoff. 飞机的机务人员起飞前仔细核对了安
全检查单上的各个项目。
check·mate1/tfck met; 'tfekmeit/ n [C: U] 1 (in CHESS) the
bosition of a king at the end of a game when under direct attack, 
from which escape is impossible 〔棋赛〕将军，将死〔王棋被将死
时的局面)2(a)complete defeat 败北，失败 — compare 比较
STALEMATE
checkmate2v[T] 1 (in CHESS) to defeat (the opponent's king
and therefore the opponent) with a checkmate 〔棋赛〕将死〔对
方的王棋)：She checkmated my king/checkmated me in six
moves. 她在六着棋内就将死了我的王棋[就把我赢了]。2 to stop;
completely defeat 阻止；彻底击败，使失败
check. out /`tfck aut; 'tfekaut/ n1 [C] a desk in a self-service
shop where one pays for goods. The sum owed is calculated
by a CASHIER who then takes the money. 〔自助商店的)付款台
〔由收银员计算总金额、收款〕2 [C: U] the time at which a guest
must leave a hotel room or be charged for another day 旅店住
客必须结账退房的时间〔否则便加算第二天租金)：Checkout is at
midday in this hotel. 这家旅馆的退房时间是中午。| checkout
time 结账退房时间 — see also 另见 CHECK out
check·point /`tfck point: 'tfekpoint/n a place, especially on a
border, where an examination of people, goods etc is made关
卡；检查站
Checkpoint Char-lie /. '·/ the best-known checkpoint in the
Berlin Wall between what was formerly East and West
Germany“查利”检查站〔柏林围墙最著名的一个关卡，位于原东德
与西德之间〕
0281
check·room /`tfek rum; 'tfekrum/ n especially AmE for【尤
美】=1 LEFT LUGGAGE OFFICE行李寄存处2 a CLOAKROOM衣
帽间
checks and balanc. es /，. . /n [P] limits put on a group, 
especially a part of a government, by stating that another group
has the power to change or VETO(disapprove)the first group's
actions or decisions 权力制衡〔指对某一个团体，尤其是对某个
政府部门的限制。它规定一个团体有权改变或否决另一个团体所
采取的措施或作出的决定)：A system of checks and balances
was built into the US government. 权力制衡制度当时就已深植
于美国政府之中。
check·up /tfk vp; 'tfekvp/ n infml a general medical exami-
nation, usually taken regularly, to test your state of health and
discover any disease at an early stage【非正式】体格[健康]检
查：to have an annual checkup 进行年度体格检查 — compare
比较PHYSICAL
Ched·dar, cheddar /`tfad; 'tfede/ [C; U] n a type of hard
smooth yellow or orange cheese. Cheddar is the most popular
cheese in the UK. 切德干酪〔英国最受人喜爱的干酪)：a mild/
mature Cheddar 一块清淡的[发酵好的]切德干酪
Cheddar Gorge /·. / a deep valley in the Mendip Hills, SW
England, famous for its CAVES切德峡谷〔位于英格兰西南部门
迪普丘陵的一处深谷，以其岩洞出名〕
eye, especially in humans 面颊：He kissed her on the cheek. 
他亲了亲她的脸颊。2[U] BrE infml disrespectful rude
behaviour【英，非正式】无礼而放肆的行为：What a cheek!多么
无礼！| Well, of all the cheek!咳，好不要脸！ | [+to-v] He had
the cheek to say that I was late!他竟厚着脸皮说我迟到！3[C]
infml either of the two soft fleshy parts at the back lower end
of the body, especially in human beings; BUTTOCK【非正式】臀
部4 cheek by jowl (with) very close together or closely con-
nected （和··）紧紧靠着；（和··）密切联系：It was incongruous to
see a bishop sitting there cheek by jowl with the terrorist
leader. 一个主教同一个恐怖头子亲切地坐在一起，这看上去很不
协调。5 turn the other cheek to take no action against some-
one who has hurt or harmed you〔对伤害自己的人)甘心容忍，
不加报复，不反抗6-cheeked/-tfikt;-tfi:kt/ having cheeks of
the stated kind 有·的面颊的：rosy-cheeked children 面色红润
的孩子 — see also 另见 tongue in cheek(TONGUE(10)
cheek2v [T] BrE infml to speak or behave rudely or disrespect-
fully towards【英，非正式】对··粗鲁无礼：She was sent to the
headmistress for cheeking the other teachers. 她被叫到女校
长那儿去，因为她对别的教师粗鲁无礼。
cheek. bone /`tfik, bon;'tfi:kbeun/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数]
the bone above the cheek, just below the eyes 颧骨，颊骨
cheek·y /`tfiki;'tfi:ki/ adj BrE【英】‖sassy AmE【美】- disre-
spectful, especially towards someone older such as your teacher
or parents;rude; IMPUDENT〔尤指对老师、父母等长者〕无礼的，
莽撞的，放肆的：a cheeky remark/little boy 无礼的话[小男孩]
— see 参见 IMPOLITE (USAGE) - -ily adv - -iness n [U]
cheep /tfip; tfi:p/ v [I] to make the weak high noise made by
young birds 〔小鸟〕吱吱叫 - cheep n
agement 欢呼；喝彩：I heard the cheers of the crowd, and I
knew our team was winning. 我听见观众的欢呼声便知道我们
的队赢了。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Three cheers! People some-
times give 'Three cheers'for someone who has achieved
something special, in order to show they are happy for them
and proud of them. One person shouts, 'Hip hip!', and the
rest of the group shout 'Hurray!' This is then repeated two
more times. 三声欢呼：人们有时会为完成特殊使命的人欢呼
三声以表示为他们感到高兴和自豪。一人欢呼“万岁，万岁！”，
其余人欢呼“万万岁！”接着再重复两次。
2 [U] fml or lit a feeling of happiness and confidence; good
spirits【正式或文】快活，欢欣：After the long hard winter, the
feeling of spring in the air filled her with cheer. 经过漫长的
隆冬之后，空气中的春意使她充满了喜悦。| The general's speech
gave cheer to his anxious troops. 将军的讲话使焦急不安的部
队振奋起来。3 [U] lit or old-fash eating, drinking, and being
merry【文或过时】宴乐；佳肴：Christmas cheer 圣诞节盛宴—
see also 另见 CHEERS
彩：The crowd cheered as the teams arrived. 运动队一到，观
众就欢呼起来。2 [T(ON)] to encourage by cheering〔用欢呼
声)鼓励：The crowd cheered their favourite rider (on). 观众
向他们最喜欢的骑师喝彩加油。3 [T] to give encouragement or
hope to 鼓励；鼓舞：The trapped miners were cheered when
they heard the rescue party. 困在矿井中的矿工听到救援队的
声音，大为鼓舞。|cheering news 振奋人心的消息
cheer up also 又作 buck up - phr v infml【非正式】1 [I; T
(=cheer sbdy. up)] to (cause to) become happier, more cheerful
(使)高兴起来；（使）振作起来：Cheer up! The news isn't too bad. 
不要发愁啦！这消息还不错嘛。| He took her to the ballet to
cheer her up. 为了使她高兴起来，他带她去看芭蕾舞。2Cheer
up! It might never happen. infml (said to someone who looks
very thoughtful and unhappy, for no reason that you can see)
【非正式】别发愁啦！不会有事的。
Cheer trademark a type of DETERGENT for washing clothes, sold
in the US【商标】“奇尔”牌洗衣粉
*cheer. ful /tfirfel; 'tfiefel/ adj 1 happy and lively; in good spir-
its 快乐的，兴高采烈的；开朗的：a cheerful person/grin 快活的
人[笑容]2 bright and pleasant; likely to cause happy feelings
令人愉快[振奋]的：cheerful music/wallpaper令人愉快的音乐
[壁纸] | high street boutiques selling cheap and cheerful
clothes 位于大街上出售既便宜又漂亮的衣服的时装店 3 pleas-
antly willing 乐意的，愿意的，欣然的：his cheerful compliance
with our requests 他对我们的要求所表示的欣然接受 — see also
另见 cheap and cheerful (CHEAP1) — ~ly adv: singing cheer-
fully 快乐地歌唱 | She cheerfully admitted her mistake. 她欣
然承认了自己的错误。— ~ness n[U]
cheer. i. o /`tfiri, o;, tfiari'eu/ interj BrE infml goodbye【英，非
正式】再见
Cheer. i. os /tfiri`oz; tfiari'euz/ trademark a type of breakfast
food, usually eaten with milk. Cheerios are hard sweet circles
of OATs and other CEREALS. 【商标】奇里奥斯甜麦片〔一种早餐
食品，通常加牛奶食用〕
cheerleaders拉拉队队员
cheer. lead·er /tfir lide; 'tfie, li:de/ n (especially in the US) a
person who calls for and directs cheering, e. g. at a football
game, using certain agreed cheers and dance-like movements. 
In the US, every HIGH SCHOOL has a team of cheerleaders
(usually girls), chosen for their attractive appearance, 
confidence, and ability to jump and perform dance-like
movements. Professional sports teams also have cheerleaders, 
who are highly paid and are often highly skilled dancers; the
Dallas Cowboys (a football team) are famous for their cheer-
leaders. 〔尤指美国的〕拉拉队队长[队员]〔在美国，每个中学都有
一支拉拉队，通常为女生，因其漂亮、自信、弹跳能力强并能表演舞
蹈动作而被选中。职业运动队也有拉拉队，她们报酬很高，通常是
技艺高超的舞蹈演员。“达拉斯牛仔”这支橄榄球队就以其拉拉队
出名)— see Feature on page B9参见B9页文化特写
cheer. less /`tfirlis; 'tfieles/ adj dull; without comfort or
happiness;saddening沉闷的；无乐趣的；不快乐的，阴郁的，凄
凉的：a cheerless rainy day 沉闷的下雨天 — ~ly adv — ~ness
n [U]
cheers /tfirz; tfiez/ interj 1 used for expressing good wishes
when drinking with someone, especially when taking the first
mouthful of a new drink. (People raise their glasses towards
each other and sometimes move them together to touch each
other, when they say ‘cheers'. )祝你健康；干杯〔用于祝酒，尤其
是喝第一口新启封的酒时。人们说“干杯”时一起举杯，有时还相
互碰杯〕2 BrE infml goodbye【英，非正式】再见 3 BrE infml
thank you【英，非正式】谢谢
cheer. y /`tfiri;'tfiari/ adj bright;cheerful 欢快的；令人愉快的，
活泼的：a cheery greeting 令人愉快的问候 --ily adv --iness
n[U]
*cheese /tfiz; tfi:z/ n 1 [C; U] (a) soft or firm solid food made
from milk 干酪；乳酪：cheese made from the milk of cows, 
sheep, or goats 牛奶、绵羊奶或山羊奶制成的干酪|English
cheeses 英国乳酪 | Will you grate some cheese to sprinkle
0282
over the pasta?你磨碎一些干酪撒在面条上好吗？ | a wine and
cheese party以葡萄酒和干酪款待客人的聚会 2 say y chee (a
phrase said by someone who is just about to take a photograph. 
to make people smile)笑一笑（即将按相机快门时叫人微笑所说
的话)：Come on, everyone, say cheese!来，各位，笑一笑！ 3 hard
cheese BrE old-fash when you are sorry for someone because
they have had bad luck【英，过时】真可惜〔对于运气不佳的人表
示同情时所说的话)：“I failed the exam. ” “Oh, hard cheese. '
“我考试不及格。” “噢，真可惜。” — see also 另见 BIG CHEESE
BLUE CHEESE, CREAM CHEESE — compare 比较 watch the
birdie(BIRDIE)
cheese. bur. ger /`tfiz b3ga; 'tfi:z, b3:ge/ n a HAMBURGER
cooked with a piece of cheese on top of the meat 干酪汉堡包. 
芝士汉堡包
cheese·cake /tfiz kek; 'tfi:zkeik/ n 1 [C; U] a cake in a sweet
pastry case, made from a mixture containing soft cheese 乳酪
蛋糕 2 [U] old-fash infml photographs of pretty women with
few clothes on【过时，非正式】显示性感女子肉体美的照片
compare 比较 BEEFCAKE
cheese-cloth /tfiz klo0: 'tfi:zklp0/ n [U] thin cotton cloth used
for putting round some kinds of cheeses, and sometimes for
making clothes 一种稀疏的薄棉布
cheesed off /，tfizd `of; tfi:zd 'of/ adj [(with)] BrE slang thor-
oughly tired of something; having lost all interest; FED UP【英
俚】（对··感到）厌倦的，厌烦的：I'm cheesed off (with this job). 
我厌倦了（这份工作）
cheese·par·ing /`tfiz perin; 'tfi:z, pearin/ n [U] too great care-
fulness when giving or spending money 吝啬，小气 - cheese
paring adj [A]: cheeseparing little economies 斤斤计较的小
节约
chee·tah /tfite; 'tfi:te/ n a long-legged spotted African animal
of the cat family, about the size of a small LEOPARD and able
o run very fast 非洲猎豹
Chee-tos /'tfitoz; 'tfi:teuz/ trademark a popular type of SNACK
food sold in bags in the US. Chee-tos are bright orange
CRUNCHY fried sticks made from corn, and have a cheese taste. 
【商标】“奇多”粟米脆〔美国流行的一种袋装休闲食品，为橘黄色松
脆的油炸粟米条，带奶酪味〕
Cheez Whiz /'tfiz `hwiz; 'tfi:z 'wiz/ trademark a type of soft
PROCESSED cheese that comes in an AEROSOL can, which is
sold in the US【商标】“奇思惠斯”牌干酪〔一种装在喷罐中加工
好的干酪〕
chef /fef; fef/ n a skilled usually male cook, especially the chief
cook in a hotel or restaurant. The STEREOTYPE of a chef is of a
man who wears a white coat or APRON and a tall white hat, and
who becomes upset or angry easily, especially if his cooking
goes wrong. 〔旅馆、餐馆等通常为男性的〕厨师；〔尤指〕主厨，厨师
长〔厨师的典型形象是身穿白色工作服或围裙，头戴白色高帽，容
易发脾气，尤其是在菜没烧好的时候)：a pastry chef 糕饼师傅
compare 比较 COOK2
Chef Boy-ar-dee /fef boiar`di; fef boia:'di:/ trademark a US
company that produces food in cans such as RAVIOLI and
SPAGHETTI, which is eaten especially by children【商标】“大厨
博亚尔迪”公司〔美国公司，生产罐装食品，如饺子、意大利面条等，
尤其为儿童食用
chef d'oeu·vre /fe`doevre; fei 'd3:vre/ n chefs d'oeuvre (same
pronunciation 读音相同) Fr fml the best piece of work by a
painter, writer etc; MASTERPIECE【法，正式】〔画家、作家等的
杰作；代表作
Che Gue. va. ra /tfe gi`vare; tfei g'va:re/ (1926-1967) a
MARXIST military leader, born in Argentina, who developed
the method of fighting known as GUERRILLA warfare. He helped
Fidel CASTRO gain control of Cuba in 1959. Later he left Cuba
and fought in other revolutions, until he was caught by the
Bolivian army and killed. After his death, Che Guevara be
came a HERO for people with strong LEFT-WING views, and
there is a famous POSTER of him(=a large printed picture) which
many people, especially students, used to put on their walls. 
切·格瓦拉〔(1926-1967)，马克思主义军事领导人，出生于阿根
廷。他发展了游击战术，曾帮助菲德尔·卡斯特罗于1959年夺取
古巴政权。之后，他离开古巴投身其他革命，最终被玻利维亚军队
俘获并杀害。切·格瓦拉死后成为持坚定的左翼观点者心目中的英
雄。过去许多人尤其是学生都把他的一张著名招贴画贴在自家的
墙上〕
Chek-hov /tfekof; 'tfekof/, An·ton /aentan; 'aenton/ (1860-1904)
a Russian writer of plays and short stories, best known for his
plays The Seagull, Uncle Vanya, and The Cherry Orchard契
诃夫〔(1860-1904)，俄国剧作家和短篇小说家，以其剧本《海鸥》、
《万尼亚舅舅》和《樱桃园》最为闻名)- Chekhovian adj
Chel. sea /'tfelsi: 'tfelsi/ an area in the Southwest of central
London. N of the River Thames, which includes the KING'S
ROAD and is known for its expensive housing, its fashionable
shops, and its football team 切尔西〔伦敦中心西南部包括国王
大道在内一地区，位于泰晤士河北岸，以那里的豪宅、时髦店铺以
及足球队著称〕
Chelsea Flow. er Show, the /，. . / a large flower show which
takes place in London in May every year and is visited by
people from all over Britain 切尔西花展〔每年5月在伦敦举行
的花展，参观者来自英国各地
Chelsea pen. sion. er /. '. / n an old or sick person who was
once a soldier in the British army and who now lives in a spe-
cial hospital in Chelsea〔英国〕切尔西皇家老残军人休养院的养
老者
Chel-ten. ham /tfeltnem; 'tfeltanem/ a town in W England
which is famous for its horse racing, its SPA, and its PUBLIC
SCHOOLS切尔滕纳姆〔位于英格兰西部一镇，以其赛马、矿泉疗养
地和公学出名〕
Cheltenham Gold Cup, the /，. . / a horse race which is
run once a year at Cheltenham, England 切尔滕纳姆金杯赛〔一
年一度在英格兰切尔滕纳姆镇举行的一项赛马活动〕
Cheltenham La. dies' Col-lege /. . . . /n a PUBLIC SCHOOI
for girls in Cheltenham, started in 1853 切尔滕纳姆女子学院
〔位于切尔滕纳姆的一所女子公学，创建于1853年〕
chem·i. cal'/kmikl; 'kemikal/ adj of, connected with, used
in, or made by chemistry 化学的；化学上的；用化学方法制造的：
A chemical reaction occurs if you put zinc into sulphuric acid. 
若把锌放进硫酸里就会起化学反应。| a chemical solution 化
学溶液| chemical engineering 化学工程 — ~ly /-klr; -kli/ adv
chemical2n a substance used in or produced by chemistry; any
of the ELEMENTS or the compounds formed from them 化学品：
化学制品[药品]：toxic/organic chemicals 有毒[有机]化学产
品
chemical re·ac·tion /，. ·. . ·/ n a process in which the atoms of
substances mix and arrange themselves differently to form new
substances, often using or making heat 化学反应：Pour this
solution into that one, and a chemical reaction will take place. 
将这种溶液倒进那种溶液中就会产生化学反应。 — compare 比
较NUCLEAR REACTION
chemical war-fare /，. · '·/ n [U] methods of fighting a war in
which CHEMICAL WEAPONS are used 化学战 — compare 比较
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
chemical weap·on /，· '·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a weapon
in war which uses non-explosive chemicals, e. g. poisonous gas
化学武器：An agreement has been reached to ban the use of
all chemical weapons. 已达成协议禁止使用一切化学武器
che. mise /fe`miz; Je'mi:z/ n a woman's simple dress that hangs
straight from the shoulder 女式无袖宽内衣；宽松连衣裙
chem. ist /kemist; 'kemst/ n 1 a scientist who specializes in
chemistry 化学家 2 also 又作 pharmacist BrE or fml AmE【英
或正式，美】- a skilled person who owns or runs a shop where
medicines are sold (a chemist's). TOILETRIES are also usually
sold there. 〔拥有或经营药店的〕药剂师；药商〔药店也出售梳妆用
品)：The chemist made up my prescription immediately. 药剂
师立刻把我的处方配好了。 — see also 另见 DRUGSTORE, PHAR-
MACY
chem·is. try /kemistri; 'kemstri/ n [U] 1 the science which
studies the substances (ELEMENTS) which make up the Earth. 
universe, and living things, how these substances combine with
each other, and how they behave under different conditions化
学2 the chemical structure and behaviour of a particular sub-
stance 物质的化学组成 [性质]：the chemistry of lead 铅的化学
性质 3 the physical CONSTITUTION of someone 身体素质：It's
part of my chemistry to need a warm climate. 需要温和的气候
是我的体质决定的。4 the feeling between two people, espe-
cially who are attracted to each other, which cannot be
plained by reason or science〔两人之间的〕感情关系〔尤指相互
爱慕的两人，这种感情无法用常理或科学来解释)：The chemis-
try was right between us. 我们俩很合得来。| I couldn't help
falling in love - it was chemistry. 我情不自禁坠入爱河 —-这
就是莫名其妙的感情
chemistry set /'·. / n a box containing the necessary chemi-
cals and equipment for usually young people to practise chem-
istry at home〔供青年人在家做化学实验的〕盒装化学实验套件
Mum bought me a chemistry set for my birthday! 我生日时妈
妈给我买了一盒化学实验套件！
chem·o·ther. a·py /，kmo`0repi;, ki:meu'0erepi/ n [U] the use
of chemical substances to treat and control certain diseases, 
especially CANCER. It usually has unpleasant SIDE EFFECTs, e. g
sickness and loss of hair on the patient's head. 〔尤指对癌的)化
学疗法；化学治疗〔这种疗法一般有令人讨厌的副作用，如恶心、掉
0283
发等)：She is having/undergoing a course of chemotherapy
她正在接受化学治疗。— -peutic /kmo08re`pjutik:ki:meo
0ere'pju:tik/, -peutical adj - -peutically /-kli; -kli/ adv
che-nille /fe`nil; fe'ni:l/ n [U] (cloth made from) twisted thread
with a soft smooth brush-like surface, used for dresses, cur-
tains etc 雪尼尔花线；绳绒线；绳绒织物：a chenille bedspread
雪尼尔花线床罩
*cheque BrE【英】‖ check AmE【美】/tfk; tfek/ n 1 a specially
printed sheet of paper supplied by a bank on which an order
can be written(银行提供的)（空白）支票 2 a written order to a
bank to pay a certain sum of money from your bank account to
yourself or to another person. It is usually made on a CHEQUE
(1). 支票：I'd like to pay by cheque, please, rather than in
cash. 对不起，我想用支票而不是现金付款。| She wrote me a
cheque. 她给我开了一张支票。| If the banks are closed you
can cash a cheque (=use a cheque to get cash) at the Post
Office. 如银行已关门，你可以拿支票到邮局兑现。| We can't is
sue the tickets for your flight until your cheque has been
cleared. (=the money has been paid from your bank account)
在你的银行账户未把你的支票兑现之前，我们不能给你机票。-
compare 比较 DRAFT1(2); see also 另见 BLANK CHEQUE. 
TRAVELLER'S CHEQUE
cheque·book /`tfεkbuk; 'tfekbuk/ BrE【英】‖ checkbook AmE
【美】- n a set of CHEQUES (1) bound together in a small book. 
When a cheque is removed, a small piece of paper (a cheque
stub)remains, on which you can write details of who the cheque
was paid to, how much it was for etc. 支票簿〔支票被撕下后留
有存根，可以在上面记录执票人、金额等细节〕
chequebook jour·nal·is. m /···/n [U] low-quality writing
especially connected with TABLOID newspapers, who pay large
amounts of money for details of famous people's private lives. 
and print shocking and sensational stories about them 低级的
新闻稿〔指尤其与小报有关联的拙劣稿件。小报出高价征集名人私
生活的详情，并刊登他们耸人听闻的故事
cheque card /'· / also 又作 banker's card, cheque guarantee
card /，· ··，·/ n a card given by a bank to those who have an
account with it, which promises that the bank will pay out the
money written on their cheques up to a certain amount, usu
ally between ￡50 and f250(银行)支票保付卡，银行支票证〔-
般在50至250英镑之间)：I'm afraid we can't accept/take a
cheque without a cheque card. 恐怕我们不能接受没有银行支
票保付卡的支票。 — compare 比较 CHARGE CARD, CHARITY
CARD. CREDIT CARD, DEBIT CARD
chequ·ered BrE【英】‖checkered AmE【美】/`tfake·d; 'tfeked
adj 1 covered with a pattern of differently coloured squares有
不同颜色方格图案的 — compare 比较CHECKED2(especially
of a person's past life) varied; with many changes of fortune
(尤指人生经历)多变的；盛衰无常的：He'd had a chequered past
but was now determined to be successful. 他过去饱经沧桑，但
现在决心要干出成绩来。|a chequered career/history 变化无
常的职业生涯[历史]
chequered flag, the /·. '/ n a flag covered with black and
white squares, used to signal the start and finish of a motor
race〔用来表示汽车赛开始和结束的)黑白格子旗
cheq·uers /`tfaka·z; 'tfekez/ n — see 参见 CHINESE CHEQUERS
Chequers the official country house of the British Prime
Minister, about 30 miles NW of London 契克斯别墅〔英国首相
的乡村官邸，位于伦敦西北30英里处
Cher /fer: fee/ (1946-)a US singer and film actress. known
for being sexually attractive. Her films include The Witches of
Eastwick (1987) and Moonstruck (1987). 雪儿〔(1946-), 美
国歌手和电影女演员，以性感著称，演出过的影片包括《伊斯特威
克的女巫们》(1987)和《月满抱佳人》(1987)〕
Cher-bourg /farbuag; 'feebueg/ a city and port in NW France
one of the ports where ships bringing passengers and cars from
the south coast of England arrive after crossing the English
Channel瑟堡〔法国西北部一港市，为英国南岸渡船经英吉利海峡
所靠的港口之一〕
cher-ish /`tferif; 'tferif/ v [T] fml【正式】1 to care for tenderly:
love 珍爱；钟爱：The old man cherished the girl as if she were
his daughter. 老人疼爱那女孩，就好像她是自己的女儿一般。
his most cherished possession 他最心爱的财产 2 to keep (hope
love, or other deep feelings) firmly in mind 心中怀有〔希望、
爱等)；怀念：I cherish the hope that he will come back. 我
怀着他会回来的希望。| cherished memories 珍藏在心底的
回忆
Cher. no. byl /tf3`nobl; tf3:'neubal/ a town in Ukraine (formerly
part of the Soviet Union) where in 1986 an explosion destroyed
arge parts of a NUCLEAR power station in the worst accident
involving nuclear power. At least 30 people were killed at the
time, but it is believed that there will be many more deaths
from CANCER in the future, as a result of the RADIOACTIVE
dust which spread over many countries after the accident. 切尔
诺贝利〔乌克兰城镇，1986年一起严重的核事故炸毁了当地一座核
电站的大部分设施，至少30人当场死亡。但据信，事故后放射性
尘埃蔓延至许多国家，未来会有更多人死于癌症〕
Cher. o. kee /`tfareki; 'tfereki:/n 1 the Cherokee [P] a Native
American tribe from the US states of North Carolina and
Tennessee. The Cherokee had a form of government similar to
that of the US, called the Cherokee Nation. Many Cherokee
died on the TRAIL OF TEARS, when they were forced to leave
their lands and go to live on a RESERVATION in INDIAN TERRI-
TORY in what is now the state of Oklahoma. 切罗基族〔美国北
卡罗来纳州和田纳西州的美洲土著，他们曾建立过一个类似于美国
政体的政府，称切罗基国。他们被迫离乡背井前往位于现在俄克拉
何马州的印第安准州的保留地，不少人死于这条“血泪之路”)2
[C] a member of this tribe 切罗基人 — see Cultural Note at参
见 NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释 - Cherokee adj: the Chero-
kee language 切罗基语
che·root /fe`rut; fe'ru:t/ n a CIGAR with both ends cut square
两端切平的〕方头雪茄烟
cher·ry /`tferi; 'tferi/ n 1 [C] a small soft fleshy red, yellow, or
black round fruit with one hard seed in the middle 樱桃：a cherry
tart 樱桃馅饼 | cherry red (=a bright red)樱桃红 2 [C; U] (the
wood of) the tree on which this fruit grows 樱桃树；樱桃木：a
cherry orchard 樱桃园 3 [C usually sing. 一般用单数] slang
the state of being without sexual experience; VIRGINITY
(especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 lose your cherry 失去童
贞)【俚】童贞，处女状态 4 the cherry on the cake also 又作 the
cherry on the top- something else that is pleasant to have. 
in addition to what is expected 意外的收获：The videos are
primarily made to entertain people. If they learn something, it's
the cherry on the top. 那些录像带主要供人们娱乐用，如果也能从
中学到东西，那真是锦上添花了。 — see also 另见 another/a
second bite at the cherry (BITE2 (6)； a bowl of cherries
(BOWL'(4))
cherry bomb /'·，/ n [C] AmE a large round red FIRECRACKER
(small loud explosive)【美】樱桃爆竹
cherry to. ma. to /. '·. / n pl. cherry tomatoes a very small
TOMATO 樱桃番茄，圣女果〔一种很小的番茄〕
cher·ub /`tferob; 'tfereb/ n 1 a fat pretty usually male child
with small wings, as shown in old paintings 〔旧绘画中的)有翅
的小天使，普智天使 2 infml a charming pretty child【非正式】
天真可爱的儿童 3 (pl. cherubs or cherubim) any of the winged
ANGELS guarding the seat of God according to the Bible〔《圣
经》中护卫上帝宝座的)有翅天使- — compare 比较 SERAPH
~ic /tfe`rubik; tfe'ru:bik/ adj — ~ically /-k]i; -kli/ adv
cher·vil /tf3vil; 'tf3:vl/ n [U] a strong-smelling garden plant
(HERB)whose leaves are used to give a special taste to food细
叶芹，有喙欧芹〔其叶用作食品调料〕
Ches. a·peake Bay /tfesepik`be; tfesepi:k 'bei/ a bay (body
of water connected to the sea) on the US east coast, important
for trade and shipping 切萨皮克湾〔位于美国东海岸，是贸易和
海运的重要港湾〕
Chesh-ire /tffa; 'tfefe/ a COUNTY in NW England, between
Liverpool and N Wales_柴郡〔英格兰西北部一郡, 位于利物浦和
威尔士北部之间〕
Cheshire cat, the /，· '/ n a character in Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland by Lewis CARROLL, who has the power to disap
pear and appear very quickly. When Alice asks it to stop dis-
appearing and appearing so quickly, the cat disappears very
slowly until only its big smile is left. People sometimes say
someone is 'grinning like a Cheshire cat' to mean that they
have a big and rather silly smile on their face. 柴郡猫，笑脸猫
(刘易斯·卡罗尔所著《艾丽丝漫游奇境记》中一只具有突然隐身和
闪现能力的猫。艾丽丝叫它不要那么快隐身和闪现，它就以极慢的
速度消失直到最后只留下大笑。人们有时说某人“咧着嘴笑得像一
只柴郡猫”，意思是说此人傻气的满脸堆着笑〕 — see also 另见
ALICE IN WONDERLAND
Cheshire cheese /，· '/ n [C; U] a type of hard white British
cheese that is not strong in taste 柴郡干酪
chess /tfes; tfes/ n [U] a game for two players, who move their
pieces in turn according to fixed rules across a board in an
attempt to trap(CHECKMATE) their opponent's king. One
player is described as 'black'and the other as‘white'. 国际象
chess·board /`tfes bord; 'tfesbo:d/ n a square board with 64
black and white squares, each square being next to a square of
a different colour, on which chess or DRAUGHTS is played国际
象棋棋盘：西洋跳棋棋盘
0284
chess·man /`tfesmaen; 'tfesmaen/ also 又作 chess piece - 
men /-men; -men/ any one of the 16 black or 16 white pieces
used in the game of chess 国际象棋棋子：She set up the chessmen
ready to play. 她摆好棋子准备开局。
chest /tfest; tfest/ n 1 the upper front part of the body betweer
the neck and the stomach, enclosing the heart and lungs 胸部
胸腔； a hairy chest 毛茸茸的胸脯 | He's got a weak chest
(=he gets a lot of coughs and colds)他的肺部很弱。| a sweater
chest size 38 胸围 38号的毛线衫 — compare 比较 BREAST
2 (the amount contained in) a large strong box in which valu
able objects are kept, goods packed etc〔用于存放贵重物品、包
装货物等的〕箱子；一箱之量：a chest of tea 一大箱茶叶 — see
also 另见 CHEST OF DRAWERS, HOPE CHEST, TEA CHEST 3 get
something off your chest to bring a worry out into the oper
by talking about it 倾吐心里的烦恼 4 -chested /-`tfestud; -'tfestd/
having a chest of the stated kind 有··胸的：a flat-chested
woman (=with small breasts)胸部扁平的妇人
Ches ter /'tfeste; 'tfeste/ a town in Cheshire in NW England
where the local government for that COUNTY is based. It has
many historical buildings, and there is a wall around the old
part of the town. 切斯特〔英格兰西北柴郡一镇，为该郡地方政府
所在地。那里有许多历史性建筑，旧城区建有城墙〕
ches·ter·field /`tfaste fild; 'tfestefi:ld/ n a long seat (COUCH)
with a back and sides, thickly filled out with comfortable soft
material and usually covered with leather(坐卧两用的)长沙发
chest. nut'/`tfesnet; 'tfesnvt/ n 1 [C] a smooth reddish-browr
nut that stays enclosed in a smooth case until ripe, and can be
cooked and eaten 栗子，板栗 2 [C; U] (the wood of) the tree
(chestnut tree) on which this nut grows 栗树；栗木 3 [C; U]
HORSE CHESTNUT 七叶树；七叶树的果实 4 [C] a reddish-brown
horse 栗色马，红棕色的马 5 [C] infml a joke or story so old
and well-known that it is no longer funny or interesting【非正
式】老掉牙的笑话；陈腔滥调：His speeches are always full of old
chestnuts. 他的演讲中总是充满了陈腐的笑料。6 pull someone's
chestnuts out of the fire BrE infml to save someone from a
difficult situation, especially at the LAST MINUTE【英，非正式】
〔尤指在最后一刻〕代人火中取栗，救人于危难之中
chestnut2 adj deep reddish-brown 栗色的，红褐色的，红棕色的
her chestnut hair 她的红褐色头发
chest of drawers /· · '/ also 又作 bureau AmE【美】- n a
piece of furniture with several drawers, usually used for hold-
ing clothes 五斗橱，衣柜
chest·y /`tfesti; 'tfesti/ adj infml【非正式】1 especially BrE
showing or suffering from a disease of the chest【尤英】有胸病
症状的；患胸部疾病的：a chesty cough 发自胸腔的咳嗽|He
was a bit chesty, so I didn't send him to school. 他胸部有点儿
病，所以我没让他上学。2 derog having large breasts【贬】乳房
突出的，有大乳房的 - -ily adv
che. val glass /fe`vael`glaes; fe'vael gla:s/ n a long movable
mirror in an upright frame〔装于直立架上可前后倾斜照到全身
的〕穿衣镜
chey. a. lier /fEve`lir; feve'lie/n rare a KNIGHT, especially one
who is a member of certain honourable associations【罕】骑士：
爵士〔尤指某种荣誉团体的成员)：a Chevalier of the Legion of
Honour in France 法国勋级会荣誉军团骑士
Chev. i. ot Hills, the /，tfEviet `hilz;tfeviet 'hilz/ also又作
Cheviots - a range of hills between England and Scotland
(位于英格兰与苏格兰之间的〕切维厄特丘陵
Chev·ro·let /favre`le; 'fevrelei/ also 又作 Chevy infml【非正
式】trademark a type of US car, made by GENERAL MOTORS
and especially popular as a family car【商标】雪佛兰汽车〔通用
汽车公司制造的一种美国汽车，尤其作为家庭用车而广受欢迎
chev. ron /`fEvren; 'fevren/ n a piece of cloth in the shape or
~. worn on the SLEEVE of a uniform to show the wearer's
rank〔佩戴在制服袖子上以表示等级的〕√或⌒形臂章
Chevron trademark a large oil and petrol company that ha
many PETROL STATIONs in the US【商标】雪佛龙石油公司〔一
家在美国拥有许多加油站的石油公司〕
Chev. y /fEvi; 'fevi/ n an informal name for a CHEVROLET 雪佛
兰汽车〔非正式名称〕
chew1/tfu; tfu:/v [I (on); T (UP)] 1 to crush or keep biting with
the teeth 咀嚼；嚼碎：Chew your food well before you swallow
it. 吞下食物前要好好咀嚼。| The dog was chewing on a bone. 
那狗在啃一根骨头。| He can't chew without his false teeth. 
他不戴假牙就不能咀嚼。| to chew tobacco 咀嚼烟草 2 chew
the cud infml to think deeply before making a decision【非正
式】〔在作出决定前〕深思，细想 3 chew the fat infml to have a
long conversation about many subjects; CHAT【非正式】闲扯，
闲聊：We sat there drinking beer and chewing the fat until it
was time to go home. 我们坐在那儿喝着啤酒聊天，一直聊到该
回家的时候。 — see also 另见 bite off more than one can chew
(BITE1)
chew sbdy. → out phr v [T] infml, especially AmE to speak
angrily to【非正式，尤美】严厉责备：He chewed out his secre-
tary for being late to work. 他严厉责备秘书上班迟到
chew sthg. over phr v [T] infml to think about (a question
problem etc)【非正式】仔细考虑〔问题等)：I'll chew it over for
a few days and then let you have my answer. 我要把这事仔细
考虑几天后再给你回音。
chew2n 1 [S] an act of chewing 咀嚼 2 [C] a sweet or piece of
tobacco made to be chewed but not alwavs swallowe口香糖
嚼用烟草：a chew of tobacco 一块嚼烟草 | a penny chew (=a
sweet bought for a small sum of money) 一便士一块的口香糖
chewing gum /'· / also 又作 gum - n [U] a sticky substance
usually having a special, often sweet, taste, made to be chewed
but not swallowed. Children often get rid of their chewing gum
by sticking it under their chairs or desks in school, sometimes
intending to chew it again later. 口香糖〔小孩子经常把口香糖
粘在学校的课桌椅底下，有时打算过后再嚼
chew·y /`tfui; 'tfu:i/ adj (of food) needing to be chewed; not
very soft 〔食物〕需要多嚼的；难嚼的：chewy meat/toffees 难嚼
的肉；需要咀嚼的太妃糖
Chex /tfcks; tfeks/ trademark【商标】1 a type of breakfast CE-
REAL sold in the US〔在美国销售的〕“切克斯”牌早餐谷类食品
2 Chex Party Mix n [U] a salty mixture made from Chex, 
nuts, and PRETZELs eaten as a SNACK“切克斯”牌什锦谷类食品
〔由“切克斯”牌谷物、坚果和咸饼干混和而成的一种咸味小吃〕
Chey·enne /far`aen; fai'aen/ n 1 the Chevenne [P] a Native
American tribe from the western PLAINS (=flat land) of the US
夏延族〔美国西部大平原上的美洲土著〕2 [C] a member of this
tribe 夏延人 — see Cultural Note at 参见 NATIVE AMERICAN
文化注释 - Cheyenne adj: the Cheyenne religion 夏延人的
宗教
Chiang Kai-shek /，tfaen kai`fak; tfaen, kai 'fek/ (1887-1975)
a Chinese military and political leader of the Chinese NATION-
ALIST Party. In 1949 the COMMUNIST Party's armies forced
Chiang and his Nationalist armies onto the island of Taiwan
where he ruled until he died. 蒋介石〔(1887-1975)，中国国民
党的军事、政治领袖。1949年共产党军队迫使他以及他的国民党
军队去了台湾岛，他在那里一直统治到去世为止〕
Chi. an. ti /ki`aenti; ki'aenti/ trademark a type of Italian wine【商
标】意大利基安蒂葡萄酒
Chi·an·ti·shire /ki`aentife; ki'aentife/ humor an area of Tuscany
in Italy, where many upper-class British people live or go to
stay【幽】基安蒂郡〔指意大利托斯卡纳一地区，为许多英国上层人
士居住或作短期逗留的地方)：The Nielsens are off there, too, 
to Chiantishire, or Tuscany as the Italians like to call it. 尼尔
森一家也去了基安蒂郡，按照意大利人的说法就是托斯卡纳。
chi·a. ro·scu. ro /ki, are`skjuro; ki, a:re'skuereu/ n [U] tech the
arrangement or treatment of light and dark parts in a picture
【术语】〔绘画的〕明暗对照法
chic /fik; fi:k/ n [U] good style, especially in one's manner or
the way you dress; a fashionable SOPHISTICATED quality 潇洒；
时髦；雅致，脱俗：She wears her clothes with great chic. 她的
穿着很有品味。- chic adj; a chic little hat 一顶漂亮的小帽子
 — ~ly adv
Chi. ca. go /fi`kago; f'ka:geu/ the third largest city in the US. 
It is in the state of Illinois, on the southwest shore of Lake
Michigan, and is an important industrial and business centre
During the 1920s and 1930s. Chicago was famous for its GANG-
STERS(=professional violent criminals working in groups), such
as Al CAPONE. Chicago has many very tall buildings, includ-
ing the SEARS TOWER, famous MUSEUMS (such as the Art
Institute). and universities (such as the University of Chicago
and Northwestern University). Its airport, O'Hare, is the busi-
est in the world. Chicago is often known as 'the Windy City'
芝加哥〔美国第三大城市，位于伊利诺伊州，密歇根湖西南岸，是重
要的工业和商业中心。20世纪20、30年代，该市以艾尔·卡彭等
0285
匪徒出名。那里有西尔斯大厦等许多摩天大楼，艺术研究院等著名
的博物馆，以及芝加哥大学、西北大学等高等学府。城中的奥黑尔
机场是世界上最繁忙的机场。芝加哥也常被称为“风城”〕— see
colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
Chicago Board of Trade, the /. . '/ an important market
in Chicago, US, in which future contracts for the delivery of
commodities (COMMODITY (1) are bought and sold 芝加哥交
易所〔美国芝加哥一重要的期货交易市场〕
Chicago Sym-pho. ny Or. ches. tra, the /. . . . . / the CSO
abbrey, 缩写 a US ORCHESTRA (=a large group of musicians)
based in Chicago, Illinois. For many years, its CONDUCTOR was
Sir Georg SOLTI. 芝加哥交响乐团〔总部设在伊利诺伊州芝加哥
的一个美国乐团，多年来，其指挥为格奥尔格·索尔蒂爵士
Chicago Trib. une, The /. ，. . / a daily newspaper produced in
Chicago and known for the high quality of its writing and
reporting. It is also sold in other parts of the US. 《芝加哥论坛
报》〔在芝加哥出版的一份日报，以其高质量的稿件和报道著称，美
国其他地区也有发行〕
chi. ca·ne. ry /fi`keneri; [i'keineri/ n [U] deception; dishonest
and deceitful practice 欺骗，欺诈
Chi. ca. no /tfikano; tfi'ka:neu/ n Chicanos AmE a person liv. 
ing in the US who comes from Mexico or whose family origi-
nally came from Mexico. The word Chicano is considered of
fensive by some people. 【美】墨西哥裔美国人〔有些人认为该词
具有冒犯性〕
chi·chi /fi`fi; 'fi:fi:/ adj infml, rather derog trying to be fash
ionable but appearing too showy or decorated【非正式，较贬】
故作风雅的，浮华艳丽的；装模作样的
chick /tfik; tfik/ n 1 a baby bird, especially a chicken 小鸟；〔尤
指)小鸡：chicks cheeping for their mother 吱吱地叫着要母亲
的小鸡 2 old-fash slang a young woman. Many women find
this word offensive. 【过时，俚】少女：少妇〔许多女性觉得该词具
有冒犯性〕
chick·a·dee /`tfikedi; 'tfikedi:/n AmE【美】1 a small America
bird 山雀（一种美洲小鸟） 2 my little chickadee especially AmE
a phrase used as an expression of fondness (first used by W. C
Fields in the film of the same name)【尤美】我的小雀儿〔用来表
示喜欢的短语，最初由W. C. 菲尔兹用于同名影片中〕
*chick. en'/tfikin: 'tfiken/ n 1 [C] a common farmyard bird. A
female chicken is a hen and a male chicken is a cock (BrE英)/
rooster (AmE 美). 鸡：He keeps chickens on his farm. 他在农
场里养鸡。 — see also 另见 CHICK, CLUCK12 [U] the meat of
this bird eaten as food 鸡肉：Do you like roast chicken?你爱
吃烤鸡吗？| chicken sandwiches 鸡肉三明治 — see 参见 MEAT
(USAGE)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 chicken soup In the US
some people give a bowl of chicken soup(=clear soup made
from chicken)to people when they are ill because they think
t
is good for them. 鸡汤:在美国, 有些人会为病人端上一碗
鸡汤, 因为他们认为喝鸡汤对病人有益
3 [C] slang a person who lacks courage; coward【俚】胆小鬼
需夫：Don't be such a chicken! 别这样胆小！4 [U] infml a
children's game to test your courage【非正式】比试胆量的游戏
to play chicken 比试胆量 5 your chickens will/have come
home to roost your bad or unwise actions will cause problems
for you now 自作自受，搬起石头砸自己的脚6 no(spring
chicken infml no longer young【非正式】年龄不小了；不再年轻
了 — see also 另见 count your chickens before they're
hatched (COUNT1) 7 a chicken and egg situation (also 又作 a
chicken and egg problem, dilemma etc) a when a problem
cannot be solved because it involves two things or situations
and each of them causes the other and results from it 恶性循环
I was facing the classic chicken and egg situation, as each
time I failed to get a job I lost confidence, and that made me
even more likely to fail next time. 我正面临着典型的恶性循环
每次得不到一份工作，我都会丧失信心，而没有了信心，我下一次
就更有可能失败。| We've got a chicken and egg problem, be-
cause we can't attract more fans unless we get better players
but it'll be hard to afford better players before we start at
tracting more fans. 我们经历着恶性循环, 因为只有引进更优秀
的运动员才能吸引更多球迷，但是吸引不到更多球迷就引进不起更
优秀的运动员。b when two things happen together and it is
hard to see which of them caused the other 因果难以区分的状
况：Shy people like to study, or else people who like to study are
shy -- maybe it's a chicken and egg situation. 害羞的人爱学
习，或者说爱学习的人害羞——也许这就是鸡与蛋孰先难以道明的
问题。| We could spend hours arguing over the chicken and
egg issue of crime and poor social conditions. 我们会花好几
个小时来讨论犯罪与贫穷的社会状况这个因果难分的问题
chicken2 adj [F] slang cowardly【俚】胆小的
chicken3 v
chicken out phr v [I (of)] derog slang to decide not to do
something because of being afraid【贬，俚】因害怕而放弃（做某
事)：I wanted to tell the director what I thought, but I
chickened out (of it) at the last minute. 我本想把自己的想法告
诉董事，但在最后一刻我退缩了
chick·en·feed /tfikin fid; 'tfiknfi:d/ n [U] slang a small un-
important amount of money【俚】一笔小数额的钱；很少一点钱
The bank offered to lend us ￡1000 but it's chickenfeed com-
Darec to what we need. 银行答应借给我们 1000英镑, 但这和
我们的需要相比是微不足道的
chicken-fried steak /，·· '·/ n [C; U] AmE a thin piece of BEEF
coated with BREADCRUMBs and cooked in hot fat【美】〔外裹面
包屑的〕炸牛排
chick·en-heart·ed /`tfikin`hartid;tfikn'ha:td/ also又作
chicken-livered -adjespecially lit lacking courage; cowardly
【尤文】胆小的，怯懦的 — ~ness n[U]
chicken Ki·ev /. '. / n [U] a dish consisting of chicken breasts
containing butter that has been given a special taste, especially
with GARLIC and PARSLEY 基辅鸡〔指用鸡脯肉加上调过味的黄
油，尤其是加上蒜和西芹做成的一道菜〕
Chicken Lit. tle /. '. / a story for children in which a chicken
called Chicken Little thinks that the sky is falling and persuades
many other animal friends that great danger is coming《小小
鸡》〔儿童故事，讲述了一只名为“小小鸡”的鸡认为天马上要塌下
来，并劝说许多其他的动物朋友相信大难即将来临〕
chicken-liv. ered /tfikin `live-d;tfikn 'livedadj AmE infml
cowardly【美，非正式】胆小的，懦弱的：You chicken-livered
idiot!你这个胆小的白痴！
chicken pox /'· / n [U] an infectious disease, caught espe-
cially by children, which causes a slight fever and spots on the
skin 水痘
chick. en. shit /tfikinfit; 'tfiknfit/ n AmE taboo a person who
lacks courage; COWARD【美，讳】胆小鬼，懦夫
chicken wire /'. /n [U] wire netting with HEXAGONAL-shaped
holes used especially for enclosing an area for chickens〔尤用
来给鸡围出一个地方的〕六角形网眼铁丝网
chick·pea /`tfik. pi; 'tfikpi:/n‖also 又作 garbanzo, garbanzo
bean AmE【美】(the bushy plant that produces) a seed like the
common PEA but bigger, which is often eaten as food. Chick
peas are the main vegetable in HUMMUS, a dish from the Middle
East which is popular in the US and Britain. 鹰嘴豆：鹰嘴豆（可
食用的)种子〔中东菜肴鹰嘴豆泥中的主料，这道菜在英、美两国厂
受欢迎
chick·weed /`tfikwid; 'tfikwi:d/ n [U] any of a large family of
plants, especially a common garden WEED with small white
flowers 繁缕；卷耳；蚤缀
chic. le /tfikl; 'tfikal/ n [U] the thickened juice (GUM2) of a tropi-
cal American tree used in making CHEWING GUM 糖胶树胶〔为
制口香糖的原料〕
chic. o. ry /tfiker; 'tfikeri/ n [U] 1 a thick-rooted European plant
with blue flowers whose leaves are eaten raw as a vegetable菊
苣〔其叶可作生菜沙拉食用〕2 a powder made from the dried
crushed roots of this plant and sometimes added to coffee to
give a special taste 菊苣根粉〔可加入咖啡内以增添味道〕
chide /tfaid; tfaid/ v chided or chid /tfid; tfid/, chid or chid-
den /`tfidn 'tfidn/ [I; T (for, with)] fml or lit to speak to
(someone who has done wrong) angrily, REBUKE【正式或文】
叱责；指责
*chief1 /tfif; tfi:f/ n 1 [(of)] a leader, ruler, or head; the person in
a group, party, organization etc who has the highest rank领袖；
首领：头目：主管人：长官：上司〔部、局、科等的长)：The Queen
is chief of the armed forces by right. 女王理应是武装部队的统
帅。| the chief of police (=of the police department) 警察局长
an American Indian tribal chief 美洲印第安人部落的酋长 2 old-
fash infml (used as a polite form of address by one man to
another)【过时，非正式】用作表示客气的称呼 3 in chief lit most
of all; in particular【文】主要地，尤其 4 -in-chief /，. '/ having
the highest rank 最高级别的；总的：In the Second World War
Eisenhower was commander-in-chief of the Allied armed
forces. 在第二次世界大战中，艾森豪威尔是盟军的最高统帅。5 too
many chiefs and not enough Indians infml too many people
in charge of something, and not enough people to actually do
the work【非正式】当头的多，干活的少
chief2 adj [A] 1 highest in rank 最高级别的；首席的；总的：the
chief clerk 书记长 | chief priest 祭司长 | the chief political
correspondent on the Washington Post《华盛顿邮报》首席政
治记者| the chief executive of IBM 国际商用机器公司总经理
0286
2 most important; main 最重要的，主要的：Rice is the chief crop
in this area. 水稻是这地区的主要农作物。| the chief cause o
crime_犯罪的主要起因 | the chief thing to remembe 要牢记
的主要事情| the prosecution's chief witness 控方最重要的证
人 — see also 另见 CHIEFLY
chief constab. le / ·. /n a British police officer in charge
of the police in a large area〔英国一地区的〕警察局长
chief cook and bot-tle-wash·er /，··. ·，. ·/ n infml humor a
person who is in charge of an event, especially someone who
has to do a lot of small unimportant jobs to make sure it goes
well【非正式，幽】百管部长；当家的：“Is there any more wine?”
Ask my husband -he's the chief cook and bottle-washer
today!” “还有酒吗?” “问我老公 ——今天他是当家的!”
chief ex·ec. u. tive /. '·/n 1 the head of a company; a chief
executive officer 总裁；首席执行官 2the Chief Executive AmE
the President of the US【美】美国总统
chief executive of·fic·er /· ·'··/n 1 AmE【美】also 又作
CEO a MANAGING DIRECTOR 首席执行官；总经理 2 BrE some. 
one in a higher position than the MANAGING DIRECTOR in a
company【英】总裁
chief in·spect. or /·'·/ n (often caps. 常用大写) a British
police officer of middle rank〔英国的)警察总督察，总巡官：Chiet
Inspector Jones 警察总督察琼斯
chief jus. tice / '·/n the judge who is in charge of the other
judges in an important US court, such as the SUPREME COURT
or the COURT OF APPEALS〔美国的〕高等法院院长；首席法官
see Feature on page B21 参见 B21页文化特写
Chief Justice n the most important judge in a country's legal
system, especially the judge who is in charge of the US SU. 
PREME COURT〔尤指美国〕高等法院法官;首席法官: chief Jus-
tice Warren E. Burger 高等法院法官沃伦·E. 伯格
chief·ly /`tfifli; 'tfi:fli/ adv 1 mainly; mostly but not wholly主
要地；大部分：Bread is made chiefly of flour. 面包主要是用面粉
做的。| The accident happened chiefly as a result of carelessness
事故主要是由于粗心大意发生的。| The company is chiefly
concerned with computer software. 该公司主要经营电脑软件。
2 above all; especially 首先，首要：Chiefly, I ask you to remem
ber to write to your mother. 首先，我要你记住给你母亲写信。
chief of staff /，··'/ n chiefs of staff (often caps. 常用大写) 1 a
high-ranking officer in the armed forces who serves as main
adviser to a commander 参谋长 2 the high-ranking official who
advises the leader of a service organization, or group of
employees〔某一服务性机构或雇员团体领导人的)参事：the White
House Chief of Staff白宫参谋长 3 one of the JOINT CHIEFS OF
STAFF参谋长联席会议成员
Chief Rab. bi /， '·/ n the main religious leader of the Jewish
people in a country. The UK and many other countries have a
Chief Rabbi but there is no Chief Rabbi in the US. 首席拉比，
犹太教会领袖〔某一国家内犹太居民的宗教领袖，英国和其他许多
国家都有，但美国没有〕
chief su·per·in·ten-dent /，··'·/ n (often caps. 常用大写) a
British police officer of high rank〔英国警察的〕总警司，警务
长：Chief Superintendent Brown 总警司布朗
chief-tain /`tfiftin; 'tfi:ftn/ n the leader of a tribe or simila
group, especially of a Scottish CLAN; chief 〔尤指苏格兰高地氏
族的〕族长；酋长；首领 — ~shipn[C;U]
Chief Whip, the / / n an important member of a British po
litical party, whose job is to make sure that the party's Mem
bers of Parliament obey party orders and vote for the party in
discussions 党鞭〔英国政党中的要员，负责确保该党议员遵从党
令，在讨论中为该党投票〕 — see also另见 THREE-LINE WHIP
chif-fon /f1 fan; '[ifon/ n [U] a soft thin silky material used fo
scarves (SCARF), evening dresses etc 雪纺绸，薄绸：a pink chif-
fon nightdress 粉红色的薄绸睡衣
chif-fo·nier, -fonnier /，fife`nir, [ife'nie/ n 1 a high CHEST OF
DRAWERS; TALLBOY 带镜高身五斗橱 2 a low movable cupboard
with a top that can be used as a side table at meals〔上面可用作
小桌的〕可移动食橱；碗碟柜
chig-ger /`tfige; 'tfige/ n AmE a tiny insect which lives in tall
grass. Chiggers bite animals and humans and suck blood. 【美】
恙螨〔生活在高草丛中，螫咬动物和人类并且吸血的小昆虫〕
chi·gnon finjan; 'fi:njon/ n Fr a knot of hair worn at the back
of a woman's head【法】〔女人的〕发髻
chi-hua. hua /tfi`wawa; tf'wa:we/ n a type of very small dog
奇瓦瓦小狗
chil-blain /`tfil blen; 'tfilbleim/ n a red painful swelling usually
on the toes or fingers, caused by coldness and poor blood supply
〔手指或脚趾上的〕冻疮
*child /tfaild; tfaild/ n child. ren /tfildren; 'tfildren/ 1 a young
human being of either sex, from before birth to the completion
of physical development 小孩，儿童：I've lived in this house
since I was a child. 我从儿时起就住在这房子里。| The dis
ease is commor amons voung childrer, 这病在幼儿中是很普
遍的。| She's an only child. (=she has no brothers or sisters. )
她是个独生女。|(fig. 喻)Peter's a child (=inexperienced) in
money matters. 彼得在金钱方面很幼稚。— see 参见 USAGE
2 a son or daughter of any age 儿子；女儿；孩子：They have two
children:their son is a doctor and their daughter is an
architect. 他们有两个孩子:儿子是医生, 女儿是建筑师。|Will
you go and collect the children from school?你愿意到学校去
把孩子接回来吗？ 3 [(of)] someone who is very influenced by a
stated person, place, or situation 深受某人[某地点、某环境]影
响的人：We are all children of the nuclear age. 我们都是核时
代的人。4 children should be seen and not heard a phrase
used especially in Victorian times to tell children to be quiet
and not talk. The phrase is now used to talk about this old-
fashioned idea of how children should behave. 小孩子不要多
说话〔尤在维多利亚时代用来叫小孩子安静，不要说话的一句话
现在用此话来指有关小孩子该如何守规矩的一种老派观念〕5get
someone/be with child old use or bibl to make someone/be
PREGNANT【旧或圣经】使某人怀孕；怀孕 6 give me/us a child
until it is seven and it is mine/ours for life a saying believed
to have been expressed first by the Jesuits 孩子被我[我们]带
到7岁，他一生便是我[我们]的了〔相传最早为耶稣会的人说的
话) — see 参见 JESUIT 7 great/heavy with child old use or
bibl (of a woman) near the time of giving birth【旧或圣经】〔妇
女)大腹便便即将临产的 — see also 另见 BRAINCHILD 8never
work with children or animals a phrase often said by people
who work in the world of acting, as children and animals are
believed to be difficult to work with, and also to get all the
attention and praise because they are very sweet 决不和小孩或
动物合作〔演艺圈内的人常说的一句话，因为他们觉得小孩子和动
物都很难合作，而且因为他（它）们可爱，会吸引所有注意力并赢得
所有赞誉〕
□USAGE 用法说明 A very young child under the age of
about 18 months, is a baby or (more formally) an infant. 
A child who has just learned to walk is a toddler. A child
up to the age of 9 or 10 is sometimes called a little girl or
little boy, especially by adults, and girl or boy can be used
about anyone up to the age of about 20. However, some-
one aged between 13 and 19 may prefer to be called a teen-
ager or a young woman or young man. Teenagers are
sometimes called young adults, especially where their
health or social behaviour is being formally discussed. A
younger teenager may also be formally called an adoles. 
cent, but this word often shows disapproval. A youth is an
older, usually male, teenager, but this word, too, usually
shows disapproval. 18 个月左右以下很小的小孩叫做 baby
或（更正式地）叫 infant。刚学步的小孩叫做 toddler。尤其
大人有时把9岁或10岁以下的孩子叫做 little girl 或 little
boy。girl 或 boy 则可以用到一个人20岁左右。但是13至
19岁的人喜欢别人称自己为 teenager、 young woman 或者
young man。十几岁的孩子有时也叫做 young adults, 尤其
是人们在正式讨论他们的健康状况或社会行为的时候。年龄
小些的少年还可以正式地叫做 adolescent, 但这个词常表示
反感。youth 通常指男性青年，但这个词也常常表示没有好感：
The police arrested several youths who were fighting. 
(警察抓了几个正在斗殴的青年。)To talk generally about
anyone between the ages of about 10 and 25， people would
usually say simply young people or (more formally) the
young. Kid (infml) is used both for children. 10岁至25
岁之间的人统称为 young people 或 the young （更正式）。
kid （正式） 可以用来指 children: Let's take the kids to the
park. (我们带孩子上公园吧。) and (especially in American
English)for young people. 也可以用来指年轻人〔尤其在美
国英语中)：We met a group of college kids. (我们遇见了
群大学生。)
Child, Ju. li. a /`d3ulie; 'd3u:lie/ (1912-)a US CHEF (=profes
sional cook) who has taught cooking through her popular tele. 
vision programmes and books. Her high voice is easily recog-
nized by many Americans. 蔡尔德〔(1912- )，美国厨师，在电
视节目和书中传授烹饪技术。她的高嗓音许多美国人一听就能听
出〕
child a. buse /'/ n [U] the act of causing deliberate physical
harm, either violent or sexual, to a child, or cruelty, or lack of
attention which might be harmful to a child 虐待儿童：the cur
rent alarming increase in cases of child abuse 目前虐待儿童
案例令人忧虑的增加| a helpline for victims of child abuse 受
0287
虐儿童求援热线 — ~rn
child-bear·ing /`tfaild, berin; 'tfaild, bearin/ n [U] the process
of being PREGNANT and giving birth to children 怀孩子；生
孩子，分娩：women of childbearing age 育龄妇女
child ben·e·fit/·. / also 又作 family allowance - n [U] (in
Britain) a small sum of money paid weekly by the government
to every family for each child 儿童津贴〔在英国，政府每星期付
给每个家庭中每个儿童的津贴
child-birth /tfaild b3·0; 'tfaildb3:0/ n [U] the act of giving birth
to a child 分娩，生孩子
child-care /'··/ n [U]‖also 又作 day care AmE【美】- the care
of young children by people who are paid to do this 〔委托别人
的)儿童保育，儿童照管：Mothers thinking of returning to work
will obviously want to explore the pros and cons of different
childcare arrangements. 考虑重返工作的母亲显然想要弄清楚
托管孩子的各种方法的利弊。|inadequate childcare provision
in Britain 英国在儿童保育方面经费和设备不足
*child-hood /`tfaild hud; 'tfaildhud/ n [C usually sing. 一般用
单数； U] the state or time of being a child 童年；儿童时代：He
had a happy childhood in the country. 他在乡下度过了快乐的
童年。 — see also 另见 BOYHOOD, GIRLHOOD, SECOND CHILD-
HOOD
childhood sweet-heart/, . / n someone of the opposite sex
and of about the same age as yourself whom you knew and
liked very much when you were a child 青梅竹马的伙伴：The
end of the movie was so romantic; he married his childhood
sweetheart. 影片的结尾十分浪漫：他娶了青梅竹马的玩伴。
child-ish /`tfaildif; 'tfaildif/ adj 1 of or for a child 孩子的；孩子
气的：适合孩子的； the little girl's high childish voice 小姑娘尖
细的童声 2 derog unsuitable for an adult; IMMATURE (2)【贬】
幼稚的，不成熟的：a childish remark 幼稚的意见| childish
behaviour幼稚的行为 } It was very childish of him to lose his
temper over something so unimportant. 他为这样无关紧要的
事发脾气真是太幼稚了。 — compare 比较 CHILDLIKE — ~ly adv
 — ~ness n [U]
child·less /`tfaildlis; 'tfaildles/ adj having no children, espe-
cially when you would like to have children 无儿女的：a child
less couple 一对没有儿女的夫妇 — ~ness n [U]
child-like /tfaild laik; 'tfaildlaik/ adj often apprec (typical) of
a child, especially having a natural lovable quality【常褒】孩童
(般)的；天真无邪的：childlike trust 天真的信赖 — compare 比
较CHILDISH
Child. Line/tfaildlain; 'tfaildlaim/ a British organization that has
a telephone HELPLINE which children can call if they are being
padly treated or if they cannot discuss their problems with their
family 儿童求助热线〔英国一组织，如果儿童受到虐待或者有问题
不能与家人说时，可以拨打求助热线〕
child-min-der /`tfaild mainde; 'tfaild, mainde/ also 又作 nanny
or baby-sitter AmE【美】- n someone who is paid to look
after other people's children, usually when both parents are at
work and usually in the childminder's own home. In Britain. 
the local authority checks to see that the childminder's home
is safe for children, that they are responsible people etc. 〔孩子
父母外出工作时，受雇在自己家里〕照看孩子的人〔在英国，地方当
局会检查他们家对儿童来说是否安全，他们是否负责等情况〕-
compare 比较 BABY-SITTER, NANNY - -ding n [U
child prod·i·gy/·/n an INFANT PRODIGY神童，天才儿童
child-proof/`tfaild pruf; 'tfaildpru;f/ also 又作 child-re·sist·ant
/'·. ·/ adi not able to be damaged, opened, worked etc by a
child 对儿童安全的；不会被儿童弄坏的：能防止儿童瞎摸弄的：a
childproof bottle (=a bottle that a child cannot break or open)
一只对儿童安全的瓶子
chil-dren /`tfildren: 'tfildren/ pl. of CHILD
Children in Need/, . . / a British CHARITY organization con-
trolled by the BBC, which organizes special televisior
rogrammes every year to collect money for children who need
help in the UK and in other countries. People often do silly
activities to collect money for Children in Need, and the or gan-
ization is represented by a yellow bear named Pudsey. “困苦儿
童”组织〔英国一慈善机构，由英国广播公司管理，一年一度为英国
和其他国家需要帮助的儿童组织特别的电视筹款节目，人们常为该
组织举行傻乎乎的活动来筹集款项。该组织的标志是一头叫帕西
的黄熊
children of ls·rael /. ·. '·/ n [P] Bibl the JEWs【圣经】以色列子
民〔指犹太人〕
children's home /'. ，/ n a house provided by the state with
professional carers to look after children whose parents cannot
take care of them because of e. g. illness, imprisonment, death
or the child's own difficult behaviour 儿童之家，儿童福利院〔由
国家提供并配备专业保育人员，以照料因父母患病、入狱、死亡或
因自身残疾等原因而得不到照顾的儿童的一个场所〕
child sex·u·al a·buse /. ·. '/n [U] sexual harm done to
children 儿童性虐待 — compare 比较 CHILD ABUSE
child's play/'/ n [U] something very easy to do 轻而易举的
事：Going on a diet is child's play compared to giving up
smoking. 节食比起戒烟来简单多了
child sup·port/'·/n [U] AmE money that a parent, usually a
father, must pay after DIVORCE to support children who live
with the other parent【美】子女抚养费〔父母离婚后，一般为父亲
的一方付给与子女同住的另一方的费用)：The court ordered him
to pay $500 a month child support. 法庭判决他每月支付 500
美元的子女抚养费
Child Support A·gen. cy, the /，. . . . / the CSA abbrev. 缩
写 a British government department which deals with CHILD
SUPPORT. It can decide, e. g. how much money a father should
pay to support his children if he no longer lives with them. 子
女抚养费事务处〔英国政府部门，处理子女抚养费问题，如由它裁
定父亲如果不再与其子女共同居住应该支付的抚养费数额〕
Chil-e /'tfili; 'tfili/ a long narrow South American country be-
tween the Pacific Ocean and the Andes mountains. Population:
14, 262, 000 (1995). Capital: Santiago. The driest desert in the
world (the Atacama) is in N Chile. Between 1973 and 1989. 
Chile had a very strict military government led by General
PINOCHET, but in 1989 it became a DEMOCRACY again. 智利〔南美
洲一狭长的国家，位于太平洋与安第斯山脉之间。人口：14, 262, 000
(1995), 首都：圣地亚哥。世界上最干旱的沙漠阿塔卡马沙漠位
于该国北部，1973年至1989年间，该国受严厉的军政府统治，由
皮诺切特将军领导，但于1989年重新恢复民主〕 — see also另见
ALLENDE - Chilean n, adj
chili/`tfili; 'tfili/ n [C; U] AmE for【美】= CHILLI
chill'/tfil; tfil/v1 [I; T] to become very cold, or to make food
or drink very cold, especially by putting it in a REFRIGERATOR
(尤指放冰箱里)（使）变冷；（使）冷却：Champagne should be
chilled before serving, 香槟酒在饮用前应该冰一下。| Let the
dough chill for at least 4 hours. 至少要让生面团冷却四小时。
2 [I] chill out infml to relax completely, instead of being angry, 
worried, or busy【非正式】完全放松：Just chill -- she'll be here
soon. 不要急 —— 她很快就到。| I'm gonna chill out and watch
some TV. 我打算放松一下看会儿电视。3 [T] to make a person
or place feel very cold 使感到冷：An Arctic storm is expected
to chill most of the west coast. 一场北极风暴预计会使西海岸
大部分地区变冷。| Come sit by the fire - you must be chilled
to the bone! (=very cold)来坐到炉火边上 —-你一定冷坏了！
4 [T] to frighten someone, especially by seeming very cruel or
violent 使··不寒而栗，使··寒心：News of the girl's murder
chilled residents of Heath Valley. 小女孩被谋杀的消息让希思
谷的居民不寒而栗。
chill2n 1 [C] an illness marked by coldness and shaking of the
body 寒战；发冷：Don't go out in this weather - you'll catch
a chill. 这种天气别出去，你会着凉的。2 [S] a slightly unpleas-
ant degree of coldness 寒气； There was a chill in the air this
morning. 今天早晨凉飕飕的。- — see also 另见 CHILLY 3 [S] an
unpleasant sensation of coldness, especially from fear or dis-
couragement 寒心；扫兴；沮丧：The bad news cast a chill over
te meeting. 坏消息使参加会议的人感到扫兴。| The thought
of them finding out about it struck a chill into her heart. 一想
到他们会发现这事，她就感到寒心。4 [S] coldness of manner;
(a state of) unfriendliness 冷淡；不友好：Recent events have
led to a chill in relations between the two countries. 最近的一
些事件使得两国间的关系变冷淡了
chill3 adj cold; chilly 寒冷的；寒气袭人的； a chill wind 寒风
(fig. 喻) a chill greeting 冷冰冰的问候
chil-ler /`tfile; 'tfile/ n infml a film or book that is purposely
made or written to be frightening【非正式】恐怖电影；恐怖书籍
chil-li/`tfilr; 'tfili/ BrE【英】‖also又作 chile, chili AmE【美】
n chillies 1 [C] the very hot-tasting seed case of a kind of
PEPPER plant 辣椒，红番椒 2 [U] also 又作 chilli powder - a
hot red powder made from this, used for giving a special taste
to food, especially Indian, African, or Mexican food 辣椒粉
compare 比较 PEPPER 3 [U] also 又作 chilli con car·ne /，tfili
ken `karni:tfili ken 'kg:ni/ - a dish of meat and beans cooked
with this powder （墨西哥）辣味牛肉豆子〔一种用牛肉、豆和辣椒
粉做成的菜肴〕
chil-ling /tfilin; 'tfilin/ adj very frightening and shocking 使人
寒心的；使人恐惧的：a chilling news report from the battle zone
从战区传来的令人寒心的消息
chill-y /tfilr; 'tfili/ adj 1 rather cold; cold enough to be uncom-
fortable 寒冷的：It soon became chilly when the fire went out
火熄灭后很快就寒气袭人了。| I feel chilly without a coat. 我
没穿外衣觉得有些冷。2 unfriendly 不友好的，冷淡的；a chilly
0288
stare/welcome 不友善的盯视[迎接] 3 causing fear, anxiety
or discouragement 令人恐惧 [焦虑、沮丧]的：the chilly facts令
人沮丧的事实 - -iness n [S;U
Chil-tern Hun-dreds /，tfilta-n `hvndredz;tfiltan 'hvndredz/n
[the+P] the job of representing a particular government area in
Buckinghamshire in Britain which no longer exists. Members
of Parliament apply for the Chiltern Hundreds when they
want to stop working before the next GENERAL ELECTION. 奇
尔特恩诸邑执事〔代表英国白金汉郡一特定政府地域的官职，现已
不复存在。下院议员“apply for the Chiltern Hundreds”是指他
们在下次大选前就想要辞去议员之职〕
chime'/tfaim: tfaim/ n 1 the sound made (as if) by a set of
bells〔组钟等的)钟声；类似钟声的声音：The chime of the clock
woke him up. 时钟的报时声把他唤醒了。2 [usually pl. 一般用
复数] a set of bells rung to produce a tune〔可敲出钟乐的)一组
钟
chime2ν1 [I; T] to (cause to) ring （使） 钟鸣；（使） 鸣响：The
church bells chimed, 教堂的组钟发出了一连串和谐的声响。2 [T]
to show (the time) by ringing 用钟声报（时） ：The clock chimed
one o'clock. 时钟敲1点钟了。3 [I (TOGETHER, with)] infml to
be in accordance or agreement【非正式】一致；协调：Her views
on this chime with mine. 她对此的看法和我一致
chime in phr v [I (with)] infml to interrupt or join in a con
versation by expressing an opinion【非正式】插话：He's always
readv to chime in with his opinior, 他总是要插嘴表示自己的
意见。|“I want to come, too, ” she chimed in. “我也想来，”她
插嘴道。
chi·me. ra, -maera /ke`mire; kai'miere/ n 1 an imaginary ter
rible female creature, made up of parts of different animals. 
which breathes fire 喀迈拉〔神话中由不同动物的部位凑成的吐
火女怪)2 a dream that can never become true; unreal fancy幻
梦，幻想：妄想
chi. me. ri. cal /ke`mirikl; kai'merikal/ adj often derog imaginary:
fanciful【常贬】幻想的；空想的；妄想的：chimerical ideas/plans
虚妄的念头[计划]
*chim. ney /tfimni; 'tfimni/ n 1 a hollow passage often rising
above the roof of a building which allows smoke and gases to
pass from a fire 烟囱，烟筒：factory chimneys pouring smoke
into the air 把烟排到空中的工厂烟囱
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Santa coming down the
chimney In the US and the UK, children are told that SANTA
CLAUS will fly to their house on the night of CHRISTMAS
EVE and come down the chimney to bring them presents
圣诞老人从烟囱里爬下来：在美英两国、人们告诉小孩子圣诞
老人将于圣诞夜飞临他们的屋子，并从烟囱里爬下来为他们带
来礼物。— see Feature on page B1参见B1页文化特写
2 tech a narrow passage on a rock face un which you can
climb【术语】〔可容人攀登的〕岩石裂缝 3 a glass tube often wide
at the centre and narrow at the top, that is put around a flame
in an oil lamp〔煤油灯等的〕玻璃灯罩
chim. ney. breast /tfimni brest; 'tfimnibrest/ n especially BrE
the wall which encloses a chimney and stands out into a room
【尤英】壁炉腔〔壁炉两旁突出于室内墙壁的部分〕 — compare 比
较MANTELPIECE
chimney cor. ner /'. . / n a seat by the side of a large oper
fireplace 壁炉边的座位
chim. ney. piece /tfimni pis; 'tfimnipi:s/ n old-fash a wooden
or brick decorative covering fixed onto or built into the wall
above and around the fire; MANTELPIECE【过时】壁炉架：壁炉
台；壁炉面饰〔壁炉上方及两旁之木或砖等的装饰〕
chim. ney. pot /tfimni pat; 'tfimnipot/ n a short pipe made of
metal or especially EARTHENWARE (=baked clay), fixed to the
top of a chimney 烟囱管帽[顶管]
chim. ney. stack /`tfimni staek; 'tfimnistaek/ n 1 the tall chim
ney of a building such as a factory （工厂等的〕高烟囱 2 BrE a
group of small chimneys sticking up from a roof【英】〔多烟道
的〕烟囱体，组合烟囱
chimney-sweep /tfimni swip; 'tfimniswi:p/ also 又作 sweep
infml【非正式】— n a person whose job is cleaning the insides
of chimneys. In the past, chimney-sweeps often employed chil. 
dren to climb up into the chimneys, and often treated them
badly. Now they use special long brushes. In Britain chimney-
sweeps are believed to bring good luck, and some people will
go to shake their hand, or even invite a chimney-sweep to their
WEDDING, for this reason, 清扫烟囱的人[过去，清扫烟囱的人
常雇用小孩爬进烟囱内部清扫，并且不好好对待他们。现在则使用
特制的长扫帚。在英国，清扫烟囱的人被认为能带来好运，因而有
人会上前同他们握手，甚至邀请他们参加婚礼
chim·pan. zee /tfimpaen`zi;tfimpaen'zi:/also 又作 chimp /tfimp;
tfimp/ infml【非正式】- n a dark-haired African APE (=large
monkey without a tail). Chimpanzees are thought to be the most
intelligent of the apes. In British Z0Os in the past, chimps were
often dressed in clothes, sat at tables, and given food to have a
chimpanzees' tea party for people to watch, but now this is
felt to be cruel. 〔非洲产的〕黑猩猩〔它们被认为是猿类中最聪明
的。过去，在英国的动物园中，人们常为它们穿好衣服，让它们坐
在桌子前并端上食物，开个黑猩猩茶会供游客观看。但现在人们感
到这样做不人道〕
chin /tfin; tfin/ n 1 the front part of the face (especially of a
human being) below the mouth(尤指人的)颏，下巴：His chin
was completely covered by his beard. 他的下巴长满了胡子。|
He punched me on the chin. 他用拳击我的下巴。 — see also 另
见 DOUBLE CHIN 2(keep your) chin up infml to (try to) stay
cheerful in a difficult situation【非正式】（努力）振作起来；不泄
气；不灰心：He's having a pretty rough time but he seems to
be keepins his chin up. 他正处于相当困难的时刻, 但他好像并
没有泄气。| Chin up! Things can't get any worse! 振作起来！
事情再糟也不过如此！ — see also 另见 CHINLESS 3 take some
thing on the chin to accept criticism or a difficult situation
without becoming upset 坦然接受批评 [困境]：Lewis took the
news on the chin, insisting he was capable of doing better
work. 刘易斯坦然接受了那个消息，坚持说他能做得更好。| One
of our team's strengths is the ability to take it on the chin and
come out fighting. 我们队的长处之一是具有忍辱拼搏的能力。
chi. na /`tfaine; 'tfaine/ n [U] 1 a hard white substance made by
baking fine clay at high temperatures 瓷，瓷料：china cups 瓷
杯 2 also 又作 chi·na·ware /`tfaine, wer; 'tfainewee/ - plates
cups etc made from china or a similar substance; CROCKERY
(瓷盘、瓷杯等)瓷制品，瓷器：Please put the china away carefully
请小心地收拾好这些瓷器。 — see also 另见 BONE CHINA, bull
in a china shop (BULL' (5)
China the largest country in eastern Asia. Population:
1, 265, 830, 000(2000). Capital: Beijing. China's population
is the largest of any country in the world. It also has one of the
oldest CIVILIZATIONS in the world. For over 2000 years, China
was ruled by a series of powerful families called dynasties
(DYNASTY). In 1912 it became a REPUBLIC and in 1949， after a
long war between the Nationalists and the Communists, it be
came a Communist state, known as the People's Republic of
China(PRC), which was led for many years by MAO ZEDONG
More recently, under the leadership of DENG XIAOPING and
JIANG ZEMIN, China has achieved a very fast rate of economic
development, and it is now one of the most important eco-
nomic and industrial powers in the world. 中国〔东亚最大的国
家。人口：1, 265, 830, 000(2000)，首都：北京。其人口为世界之
冠，亦是世界最古老的文明之一。2000多年来，中国由一系列号称
王朝的强大家族统治。1912年成为共和国。1949年，在经过国民
党与共产党的长期战争之后，成为了共产党国家，称中华人民共和
国，曾由毛泽东领导多年。近年来，在邓小平和江泽民的领导下，
中国实现了高经济增长率，现在为世界最重要的经济与工业强国之
一) - Chinese n, adj
China Sea, the /· / the western part of the Pacific Ocean that
goes along the coast of China and Vietnam 中国海〔太平洋西
部属海，沿岸有中国和越南〕
China tea /·/ n [U] a kind of tea grown in China, dried in
smoke which gives it a special taste 中国茶
Chi. na. town /tfaine taun; 'tfainetaun/ n [C; U] an area in a
city where there are Chinese shops, restaurants, and clubs, and
where many Chinese people live. The most famous Chinatown
is in the US city of San Francisco. 中国城，唐人街〔最著名的中
国城在美国的圣弗朗西斯科市〕
chin. chil. la /tfin`tfile;tfin'tfile/ n [C; U] (the soft pale grey
fur of) a small South American animal like a SQUIRREL with a
long tail〔产于南美洲类似松鼠的〕绒鼠[栗鼠]；绒鼠[栗鼠]毛皮
chine /tfain; tfain/ n tech an animal's BACKBONE (=set of bones
down the centre of the back) used as meat【术语】〔动物的)脊
骨；脊肉，排骨肉
Chi. nese /tfai`niz;tfai'ni:z/n 1 the Chinese [P] the people
of China 中国人 2 [U] the language of China, which is also
spoken by people of Chinese origin in many Asian countries. 
The spoken form of Chinese is very different in different parts
of the country, but the written language is always the same
and can be understood everywhere, because it is written in IDEO-
GRAMS(=signs that represent ideas rather than sounds). 汉语. 
中文〔也为许多亚洲国家的华人所使用，不同的地区口语差异极
大，但因为采用表意文字，其书面语是一样的〕 — see also另见
CANTONESE, MANDARIN 3 [U] Chinese food 中国菜，中餐：We
thought we'd eat Chinese tonight. 我们原以为今天晚上会吃中
0289
餐。4 [C] BrE infml a restaurant or TAKEAWAY serving Chi-
nese food【英，非正式】中餐厅；中国菜的外卖餐厅：They went to
the local Chinese. 他们去了当地的中餐厅（吃饭）。-Chinese
adj: My neighbours are Chinese. 我的邻居是中国人。| a valu-
able Chinese vase一只珍贵的中国花瓶
Chinese lan-tern /，. ·/n 1 a small box made of thin coloured
paper which can be folded, and which you put a light inside as
a decoration〔可折起的)纸灯笼 2 a plant with small orange fruits
that look like small paper LANTERNS 锦灯笼，酸浆
Chinese medi. cine /. ·. / n [U] traditional methods of pre-
venting and treating illness which were developed in China
and are still used there. These may include eating special foods, 
taking medicines made from HERBS and ACUPUNCTURE
(=putting needles into certain parts of the body). In the US and
UK, Chinese medicine is a form of ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE. 
中医，中国医学〔源于中国的防治疾病的传统方法，至今仍在那里
使用，这包括吃特殊食物、服草药和使用针灸。在美国和英国，它
是一种非传统医学)
Chinese wall /，. '/ n a system used by financial or business
organizations to stop information from being passed from one
department to another, especially in order to prevent INSIDER
TRADING难以逾越的壁垒，严重障碍〔指金融或商业机构为防止部
门间传递信息，尤其是为防止内幕交易而采取的一种方式)
Chinese whis-pers /，·. ·/ n [U] BrE a game in which some-
one thinks of a sentence which they WHISPER(=say very quietly)
to someone else. That person then whispers the sentence to a
third person, and so on until the last person has been told. The
last person then tells the group the sentence, which is usually
completely different from the original sentence, and this makes
people laugh. The usual American name for this game is
telephone. 【英】“中国式咬耳朵”，传话游戏〔游戏时，先由一个人
想出一句话，低声说给下一个人听，接着由第二个人低声说给第三
个人听，依次往下传一直到最后一个。最后一人向大家说出所听到
的话，一般会和原话完全不同，令人发笑。该游戏在美国通常称“打
电话”游戏〕
Chin. gach. gook /tfim`ga:tfguk; tfim'ga:tfguk/ a character in
several books by James Fenimore COOPER, such as The LAST
OF THE MOHICANS. He is a Native American chief. 钦加其古克
〔詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀《最后一个莫希干人》等几本小说中的人
物，他是一位美洲土著酋长〕
chink1/tfink; tfink/ n [(in)]1 [C] a narrow crack or opening裂
缝；裂口：He watched the girls through a chink in the wall. 他
通过墙上的裂缝窥视女孩们。2[C]a narrow beam(of light) shin-
ing through such a crack 〔射过裂缝的)一缕光：a chink of light
in the darkness of the room 黑漆漆的房间里的一缕光线 3[C]
a small but dangerous fault or weakness〔小而危险的〕失误；弱
点：a tiny chink in his argument 他论证中一个小小的疏漏
She prepared for the talks very carefully, knowing that any
chink in her armour (=weaknesses in her defence or
argument) would be seized upon. 她极小心地为这次会谈做准
备，因为她知道讲话出现任何漏洞都会被人抓住不放。4[S]the
sound of chinking (CHINK2)丁当声：I heard the chink of glasses
next door. 我听到隔壁丁丁当当在碰杯。
chink2v to make a high sound like that of glasses hitting each
other;CLINK1(使)发出丁当声
Chink·ie, Chink /tfinki; 'tfinki/ n 1 [C] BrE infml a restaurant
or TAKEAWAY serving Chinese food【英，非正式】中餐厅；中国
菜的外卖餐厅 2[C;U] BrE infml a Chinese meal or Chinese
food【英，非正式】中国菜，中餐；中式食品 3[C] taboo a very
offensive word for a Chinese person【讳】中国佬
chin-less /tfinlis; 'tfinles/ adj 1 having a chin that is small or
slopes inwards 无下颚的，没有下巴的，下巴内缩的 2 BrE infml
weak and cowardly【英，非正式】脆弱的；胆小的
chinless won-der /，. '·/ n BrE slang a man from an upper-
class family who appears to be rather stupid【英俚】〔上层阶级
中的男性〕低能者，笨蛋
chi. nos /tfinoz; 'tfi:neuz/ n [P] AmE trousers made from chino, 
a strong cotton material. They are produced in many different
colours and are very popular, especially with young men, be-
cause they are usually inexpensive. 【美】丝光斜纹布裤〔有各种
颜色，因为一般都不贵，所以尤其受年轻人喜爱〕-see参见PAIR
(USAGE)
chin. strap /`tfin, straep; 'tfinstraep/ n the band round the chin, 
which helps to keep a HELMET in place 〔系于颚下固定帽盔用
的〕颚带
chintz /tfints; tfints/ n [U] cotton cloth printed with usually
flowery patterns, used for making curtains, furniture covers
etc〔做窗帘、家具套等用的〕印花棉布
chintz. y /`tfintsi; 'tfintsi/ adj 1 made of or looking like chintz
(似)用印花棉布制成的2 AmE infml cheap and of low value
【美，非正式】廉价的，价值低的
chin up /' / also 又作 pull up n AmE an exercise in which you
hang on to a bar and pull up your body weight until your chin
is above the bar【美】引体向上：He did ten chin ups in quick
succession. 他一口气做了十次引体向上。
chin. wag /tfim, waeg; 'tfimwaeg/ n [S] BrE infml an informal
conversation;CHAT【英，非正式】闲谈，谈天
chips缺口；炸薯条；硅片
a chipped plate
有缺口的盘子
a silicon chip
硅片
potato chips
炸薯条
chip1/tfip; tfip/ n 1 a small piece broken off something 碎片：a
chip of glass/wood 玻璃碎片；木屑 | chocolate chip cookies
加有巧克力碎粒的甜饼干 2 a mark left when a small piece is
broken off or knocked out of an object〔物品破碎、碰损后留下
的)缺口：There's a chip in this cup. 这杯子上有个缺口。3 [usually
pl. 一般用复数] BrE【英】‖French fry AmE【美】- a long thin
piece of potato cooked in deep fat 炸马铃薯 [土豆]条：She was
frying chips. 她在炸薯条。| oven-cooked chips 用烘箱烘制的
薯条 - — see also另见 FISH AND CHIPS 4 [usually pl. 一般用复
数] also 又作 potato chip - AmE & AustrE for【美和澳】=
CRISP15 a flat plastic object (COUNTER2(2) used for repre-
senting money in certain games〔用于赌钱的)筹码 6 also又作
microchip, silicon chip - a very small piece of SILICON con-
taining a set of ELECTRONIC parts and their connections, which
is used in computers and other machines微型集成电路片，芯
片，硅片 — compare 比较 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT 7 a shot or
kick in football, RUGBY etc in which the ball is sent into the
air, especially over an opposing player, and travels only a short
distance〔足球、橄榄球等运动中，将球踢到空中，尤指越过对方球
员头顶的短距离的)撮球 8 a short GOLF shot that sends the ball
high in the air and onto the green〔高尔夫球中的)切削击球，近
穴击球 9 a chip off the old block infml, often apprec a person
very like his or her mother or father in character【非正式，常
褒】性格酷似父亲[母亲]的人10 have a 'chip on your shoul-
der infml to be quarrelsome or easily offended, especially as a
result of feeling unfairly treated【非正式】〔因感到委屈而〕好争
吵，好生气：He's got a chip on his shoulder about not having
gone to university. 他因没能上大学而心怀愤懑。11 have had
one's chips BrE infml to have lost your power, position, life
etc【英，非正式】失势；失去地位；丧命；完蛋：I'm afraid we've
had our chips - the company has gone bankrupt. 恐怕我们
一切都完了—公司已经破产。12 when the chips are down
infml when a very important point is reached at which an im-
portant decision has to be made or serious action taken【非正
式】在重要关头，在紧急时刻；万不得已时：When the chips are
down, you have only yourself to depend on. 在紧要关头，你只
有靠自己了。 — see also 另见BLUE CHIP
chip2v-pp-1 [I; T] to (cause to) lose a small piece from the
surface or edge, e. g. by breaking or dropping(使)掉碎片；（使）
〔边缘等〕稍有破损；弄缺；切掉：This china chips easily. 这瓷器
很容易碰破。| Someone's chipped my best glass. 有人把我最
好的玻璃杯碰了个缺口。| I'm afraid I've chipped a piece out
ofloff this saucer. 很对不起，我把这茶杯碟子碰破了一点。2[T]
especially BrE to cut (potatoes) into small pieces ready to be
cooked as CHIPs1(3)【尤英】把〔马铃薯〕切成小片[条] 3[T](in
football, GOLF etc) to kick or hit (a ball) in a short high ARC(足
球〕撮踢；〔高尔夫球〕切削击，近洞击
chip away phr v1 [T] (chip sthg. away) to destroy bit by
bit, by breaking small pieces off(用一点一点弄掉的方法来〕拆
毁，削去，铲掉：I chipped away the damaged brick and replaced
it with a new one. 我把那块损坏了的砖头一点点地敲掉，然后
换上一块新的。2 [I(at)] to (try to) break small pieces off some-
thing （试图）凿[敲]下碎片：He was chipping away at the rock
with a hammer. 他在用铁锤把那块岩石一小块一小块地敲下来。
chip in phr v infml【非正式】1 [I (with); T+that] to enter a
conversation between other people with an opinion 插嘴，插
0290
话：John chipped in with a remark/chipped in that it was time
to go home. 约翰插了一句话 [插嘴说该回家了]。2 [I(with); T
(=chip in sthg. )] to add (your share of money)共同出钱；捐助
凑钱：If everyone chips in (a pound) we could get her some-
thing really nice. 如果每人凑钱（一英镑），我们就能为她买点相
当不错的东西
chip-board /tfip bord; 'tfipbo:d/ n [U] board made from waste
pieces of wood mixed with glue, used as a building material创
花板
chip-munk /`tfipmank; 'tfipmank/ also 又作 ground squirrel -
n a small American animal like a SQUIRREL with a long bushy
tail and black-and-white bands along its back 〔产于美洲背部有
黑白花纹的〕花鼠，金花鼠，花栗鼠
chip. o. la. ta /tfipe`late;tfipe'la:te/ n a small thin SAUSAGE奇
珀拉特小香肠
chip pan /' /n a deep pan with a wire basket inside used for
cooking especially CHIPS (=potatoes cut into usually long thin
pieces and cooked in oil)〔内置一网架，尤用来炸薯条的〕深平底
锅
Chip. pen·dale /tfipendel; 'tfipendeil/ adj. n [U] Chippendale
furniture is made in an 18th-century style known for its grace-
ful shapes and fine decoration, named after the English furni
ture designer Thomas Chippendale(1718-1779)奇彭代尔式
样（的）〔奇彭代尔式样的家具按18世纪的风格制造，因其外形线
条优美和装饰华丽而著称，以英国家具设计师托马斯·奇彭代尔
(1718-1779)的名字命名)：a fine pair of Chippendale chairs
对精致的奇彭代尔式椅子
Chip. pen. dales, The /`tfipendelz; 'tfipendeilz/ an American
group of attractive men with well-developed muscles who en-
tertain women by performing in a show in which they remove
most of their clothes 奇彭代尔表演团〔一个由肌肉发达的英俊男
士组成的美国团体，他们以近乎裸体的表演供女子娱乐〕
chip. per /tfipe; 'tfipe/ adjespecially AmE cheerful and active;
SPRIGHTLY【尤美】兴高采烈的；活泼的：轻快的：精力充沛的
Chip. pe·wa /`tfipewa; 'tfipewa:/ Ojibwa, Ojibway 1the
Chippewa [P] a Native American tribe from the US state of
Michigan 奇佩瓦族，奥吉布瓦族〔美国密歇根州的美洲土著〕2[C
a member of this tribe 奇佩瓦人，奥吉布瓦人 — see Cultural
Note at 参见 NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释 - Chippewa adj
The Chippewa economy was based on hunting, fishing, and
farming. 奇佩瓦人的经济以狩猎、捕鱼和农业为基础。
chip-ping /`tfipin;'tfipin/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] especially
BrE a small rough piece of stone used when putting new sur
faces on roads, railway tracks etc【尤英】〔铺路用的)碎石：loose
chippings on the road 路上松散的碎石
chip. py /tfipr;'tfipi/ n NEngE slang a shop which sells cooked
fish and CHIPS'(3)【英格兰北部俚】卖炸鱼和炸薯条的商店
chip shop /' ·/ also 又作 chippy n a shop which cooks and sells
CHIPS(CHIP'(3), fish, PIEs etc which are usually taken away
to eat. Chip shops are very popular in Britain especially when
people want a quick cheap meal. 薯条店〔指制作并出售薯条
鱼、馅饼等一般供外卖的小店。在英国，尤其当人们想吃一顿廉价
的快餐时，该类店铺极受欢迎)
Chi. rac /`fierak; 'fiaraek/, Jacques /3ak; 3aek/ (1932-) a CON-
SERVATIVE French politician who was Prime Minister from
1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988， and became President of
France in 1995希拉克〔(1932-)，保守的法国政治家，1974年
至1976年与1986年至1988年间任法国总理，1995年成为法国
总统〕
chi·ro·man. cy /`kaire maensi; 'kairemaensi/ n [U] tech the art
or practice of telling someone's character or their future by
examining their hands; PALMISTRY【术语】手相术
chi·rop. o. dist /kar`rapedist; k'ropedist/ also 又作 podiatrist
especially AmE【尤美】- n a person who looks after the hu-
man foot and treats diseases of the foot 足病医生 - -dy n [U]
chi. ro. prac. tic /kaire`praektik; 'kairepraektik/ n [U] the method
of treating back, joint, and muscle pain by feeling and press
ing the bones, especially those of the back and neck〔尤指对脊
柱和颈部的〕指压疗法；按摩疗法 - -tor n
chirp /tf3p; tf3:p/ also 又作 chir·rup /`tfirep; 'tfirep/ - ν1[
(AWAY)] to make the short sharp sound(s) of small birds or
some insects 发啁啾声；唧唧叫，吱喳叫 2 [I; T (OUT)] to say or
speak in a way that sounds like this 嘁嘁喳喳地讲 （话） -- chirp
chirp. y /`tf3pi; 'tf3:pi/ adj infml, especially BrE happy and
cheerful;LIGHT-HEARTED【非正式，尤英】快活的：活泼的：轻松
愉快的：a chirpy little song 快活的小调| in a chirpy mood 愉
快的心情 - -ily adv - -inessn[U]
chis. el' /tfiz]; 'tfizal/ n a metal tool with a sharp cutting edge
at the end of a blade, used for cutting into or shaping wood
stone etc凿子，凿刀
chisel2ν-ll- BrE【英】‖-I- AmE【美】1 [I;T+obj+adv/prep] to
cut or shape with a chisel〔用凿子)凿，雕，刻：She chiselled
ai
inscription on the marble, 她在大理石上刻碑文。| He chis-
elled a hole in the door to fit a new lock. 他在门上凿了个洞以
便安装新锁。 — see also 另见 COLD CHISEL 2 [T (out of)] old-
fash slang【过时，俚】a to trick; deceive 哄骗；欺骗：He's chis. 
elled me out of ￡5！ 他骗走了我5英镑！ b to obtain by deceit 诈
取，骗取
USAGE 用法说明 You can chisel wood or stone into a
shape; chisel (out) a shape from, in, or out of wood or
stone; or chisel words etc on a wooden or stone surface. 
表示把木头或石头刻雕成像可以用 chisel. into. , 亦可用
chisel (out). from [in, out of]. ;表示在木头或石头表面
刻字等可用 chisel. on. . 
chis·el·ler BrE【英】‖-eler AmE【美】/`tfizle; 'tfizele/ n old
fash slang a person who gets things by deceitful and unfair
practices【过时，俚】骗子，行为不正的人
Chis. holm /`tfizem; 'tfizam/. Shir. ley /`f3li;'f3:li/ (1924-)a
US politician who was the first black woman to be elected as a
member of Congress in 1969奇泽姆〔(1924-)，美国政治家. 
1969年成为首位当选国会议员的黑人女性)
Chisholm Trail, the /'·/ a path used for moving millions of
cattle from Texas to Kansas during the 1800s 奇泽姆牛车道
〔19世纪用于将上百万头牛由得克萨斯州运往堪萨斯州的一条小
道〕
chit1 /tfit; tfit/ n a short letter, especially a signed note showing
money owed or paid 短信，便条；欠账[付账]字据；收条，账单
He'd brought a chit from the manager entitling him to col-
lect the goods. 他拿来了经理开的便条，凭这张便条提货. 
chit2n old-fash infml, often derog a spirited and usually disre-
spectful young woman【过时，非正式，常贬】冒失的女孩[少妇]：
a chit of a girl 莽撞的黄毛丫头
chit. chat /`tfit tfaet; 'tfittfaet/ n [U] infml informal light con-
versation or GOSSIP【非正式】聊天，闲谈 - chitchat y [I] -tt-
chit·ter·lings /`tfite·linz; 'tfitelinz/ also 又作 chit·lings, chit. 
lins /`tfitlinz; 'tfitlinz/ - n [P] especially AmE the INTESTINES
of a pig eaten as food. These are one of the foods regarded as
SOUL FOOD by black people in the US. 【尤美】〔供食用的〕猪小
肠〔被认为是美国黑人常吃的食品之一〕
chiv. al. rous /fivlres; 'fivalres/ adj (especially of men) show
ing bravery, honour, generosity, and good manners, especially
to women 〔尤指男子〕勇武的，有骑士风范的，慷慨无私的：〔对女
子)有礼的：A chivalrous old gentleman opened the door for
her. 一位很有礼貌的老绅士为她开了门。 — ~ly ady
chiv. al. ry /fivlri; 'fivalri/ n [U] 1 (in the MIDDLE AGES) the
beliefs or practices of noble soldiers(KNIGHTS) as a group(中
世纪的)骑士制度；骑士精神 2 the qualities (such as bravery, 
honour, generosity, and kindness to the weak and poor) which
this system aimed at developing 骑士品质<如勇武、有荣誉感、
慷慨、扶持弱小等>3 the age of chivalry is dead /gone men no
longer behave in the old gentle polite way towards women. 
Sometimes if a man opens a door, e. g. for a lady, someone
may say approvingly or jokingly, 'You see, the age of chivalry
is not dead. ’骑士时代已不再〔指男士对女士不再像过去那样彬
彬有礼了。譬如，有时一位男士为一位女士开门，有人也许会赞许
地或开玩笑说：“你看，骑士时代并未结束。”
chives /tfaivz; tfaivz/ n [P] a plant related to the onion, with
narrow grasslike leaves used for giving a special taste to food
〔用作调味的〕香葱，虾夷葱
chiv. y, chivvy /`tfivi; 'tfivi/ v [T (UP, ALONG)] infml to urge
(someone) to do something or to hurry, especially in an an
noying way【非正式】催促，唠叨：I'll have to chivy the children
up/along, otherwise they'll be late for school. 我必须催促孩
子们快些, 否则他们上学要迟到了。|[+obj+to-v] She chivied
him to help her with all the paperwork. 她唠叨着要他帮她干
完所有的文书工作。
Chlo. e. Chloe /`kloi; 'kleui/ — see 参见 DAPHNIS AND CHLOE
chlo. ride /kloraid; 'klo:raid/ n [C; U] a chemical compound
that is a mixture of chlorine with another substance, often usec
for cleaning and disinfecting 氯化物；漂白粉：sodium chloride
氯化钠，食盐
chlo. ri. nate /klori, net; 'klo:rneit/ v [T] to disinfect by putting
in chlorine 用氯处理[消毒]：Water is usually chlorinated in
public swimmins pools to keep it pure, 公共游泳池中的水通
常加氯消毒，使其保持清洁。| chlorinated water 经过氯处理的
水 - -nation /`klorinefen;klo:r'neifan/n[U]
chlo. rine /'klorin; 'klo:ri:n/ n [U] a greenish-yellow strong
0291
smelling gas that is a simple substance (ELEMENT) and is found
in many chemical compounds. It is usually added to the water
in public swimming pools to help to keep it clean. 氯，氯气〔通
常加入公共游泳池中有助于保持池水干净
chlo·ro·fluo·ro·car·bon /，klorofluero`karben;klo:reufluereu. 
'ka:ben/ n — see 参见 CFO
chlor. o. form1 /`klore form; 'klprefo:m/ n [U] a colourless
strong-smelling poisonous chemical used as an ANAESTHETIC
(=a substance that makes people unable to feel anything)氯
仿，三氯甲烷〔无色有毒化学品，可用作麻醉剂〕
chloroform2ν[T] to make unconscious with chloroform 用氯
仿麻醉：The kidnappers tied him up and then chloroformed
him, 绑架者把他捆起来，然后用氯仿把他麻醉了
chlo. ro. phyll /'klore fil; 'klorefil/ n [U] the green-coloured
substance in the stems and leaves of plants 叶绿素
choc /tfak; tfok/ also 又作 choc·cy /`tfaki; 'tfpki/ — n [usually
pl. 一般用复数] BrE infml a CHOCOLATE1(2)【英，非正式】巧克
力糖，朱古力糖（块）：a box of chocs一盒巧克力糖
choc·a·hol·ic /tfake`holik:tfpke'hplik/n a CHOCOHOLIC嗜
食巧克力的人
choc-ice /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖ice cream bar AmE【美】- n a brick. 
shaped piece of ice cream with a covering of chocolate 紫雪
糕，巧克力冰淇淋〔表面裹有一层巧克力的冰砖]
chock' /tfak: tfpk/ n a shaped piece of wood placed under a
door, boat, barrel, or wheel to prevent it from moving; WEDGE
When an aircraft or other vehicle is ready to start moving. 
people sometimes shout 'Chocks away!', meaning 'remove the
chocks'. (固定门、车轮等的〕垫木;塞块;楔子;轮挡;定盘〔飞机
或其他交通工具准备启动时，人们有时会喊“Chocks away!”表示
“移走轮挡”〕
chock2 v [T (UP)] to hold in place or support with a chock 用楔
子[塞块]垫阻[塞住]
chock-a-block /`tfak e`blak:tfpk e 'blpk/ adj. ady IF (with)]
infml very crowded; packed tightly【非正式】拥挤的[地]；挤满
了的[地]：The road was chock-a-block with cars again today. 
今天路上又堵满了车子
chock-full /，·'·/ adj [F(of)] infml completely full【非正式】塞
满的，挤得满满的：The train was chock-full of tourists. 列车满
载了旅游人士
choc·o·hol·ic, chocaholic /tfake`holik:tfpke'hplik/ - na
person who cannot control the urge to eat chocolate 嗜食巧克
力的人
*choco. late1 /tfokelit; 'tfoklt/ n 1 [U] a solid sweet usuall
brown substance made by crushing the cooked seeds of a tropi-
cal American tree (CACAO), eaten as a sweet. The EU does not
think that British chocolate is real chocolate, because it does
not contain enough COCOA fat. 巧克力，朱古力〔欧盟认为英国
的巧克力可可脂含量不足，所以不是真正的巧克力)：a piece/bar
of chocolate 一块 [一条] 巧克力| chocolate cake 巧克力蛋糕
chocolate biscuits 巧克力饼干 2 [C] also 又作 choc, choccy
BrE infml【英，非正式】- a small sweet made by covering a
centre, such as a nut, with this substance 巧克力糖（块） ：a half
pound box of chocolates 一盒半磅装的巧克力糖 | liqueur
chocolates 酒心巧克力 — see also 又作 CHOCOLATES 3 [C; U
(a cupful of) a drink made from hot milk or water mixed with
powder made from this substance〔加热牛奶或水的〕巧克力饮
料：a mug of hot chocolate 一大杯热巧克力饮料 — compare
比较 COCOA; see also 另见 MILK CHOCOLATE, PLAIN CHOCO
LATE
*chocolate2 adj of a variable usually brownish grey colour 巧克
力色的，深褐色的 - chocolate n[U]
chocolate box1 /'· / n a colourful attractive box in which
chocolates are sold〔精美的〕巧克力礼盒
chocolate-box2 adj [A] BrE derog pretty or SENTIMENTAL (2)
in the way that pictures on a box of chocolates sometimes are
【英，贬】〔像巧克力礼盒上的图画一样〕浪漫伤感的：a chocolate
box scene 一个感伤的场面 - chocolate-boxy, chocolate-
boxey adj: I didn't like the cottage much - too chocolate. 
boxy for my taste. 我不太喜欢那小屋 —太浪漫伤感了，不合
我口味
chocolate chip cook·ie /，··'·/ n AmE a sweet BISCUIT con
taining bits of chocolate. Chocolate chip cookies are one of
Americans' favourite sweets. They are often baked at home. 
or are freshly baked by small stores. 【美】含有巧克力片的甜饼
干，巧克力碎曲奇〔美国人最喜爱的甜点之一，常为家庭烘制或由
小店铺现做现卖〕
chocolate milk /· ·/ n [U] milk which is mixed with choco
late powder 巧克力牛奶
choco-lates /tfakelits; 'tfpklats/ n [P] a box containing CHOCO
LATEs'(2)巧克力糖礼盒：I gave her some chocolates as a small
thank-you. 我送她几盒巧克力糖，略表谢意。
Choc·taw /`tfakto: 'tfpkto:/ n1 the Choctaw [P] a Nativ
American tribe from the southeastern US 乔克托族〔美国东南
部的美洲土著〕2 [C] a member of this tribe 乔克托人 — see
Cultural Note at 参见 NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释 - Choctaw
adj: the chief of the Choctaw tribe 乔克托部落的酋长
*choice1 /tfois; tfois/ n 1 [C (between)] an act of choosing or a
chance to choose 选择，挑选，抉择：Candidates for the degree
were offered/given a choice between a thesis and an exam. 
申请学位的人可以选择写论文或参加考试。| I'm confident that
we made a good choicelthe right choice. 我深信我们做出的选
择是合适[正确]的。| I didn't have to work all weekend -- I
did it by choice, 我并不是非得整个周末都工作，我是自己选择
这样做的。| Those who come early to the sale get first choice
这次大贱卖，早到的顾客可优先选购。|a difficult choice 难以
确定的选择 2 [C (for, as)] a person or thing chosen 入选者；被
选中的东西：He was a very good choice as chairman. 选他做
会长是非常合适的。| Italy was our second choice — al the
flights to Greece were booked up. 去意大利是我们的第二选
择，因为飞往希腊的全部航班机票都已订购一空。| You can have
whichever you want --take your choice. 您想要哪件都可以, 
随便挑吧。3 [U(between)] the power or right to choose 选择
能力；选择权：Philosophers disagree about whether we have
free choice/freedom of choice. 我们有没有自由选择权| 选择自
由]，哲学家对此众说纷纭。| We had no choice but to accept
the majority decision. 除了接受大多数人的决定外，我们别无选
择。4 [C (of)] a variety from which to choose可供选择的品种
There is a wide choice of software available for this model. 
适于这种型号使用的软件，有许多种类可供选择。 — see also 另
见CHOOSE, HOBSON'S CHOICE
choice2 adj 1 fml (especially of food) of high quality【正式】
〔尤指食物)上等的：精选的，品质优良的：choice apples上等苹
果 2 belonging to a standard of meat in the US, set by the FDA
〔美国食品及药物管理局制定的美国肉类等级标准)中上级的
choice steak中上级牛排 3 lit or humor (of language) well chosen
【文或幽】〔语言〕仔细推敲的，字斟句酌的：She told him what she
thought of him in a few choice (=suitably angry) phrases. 她
用琢磨好的几句刻薄话，向他说出自己对他的看法。 — ~ly adv-
~ness n [U]
choir /kwair; 'kwaie/ n 1 [+sing. /pl. v] a group of people who
sing together, e. g. at school or during religious services 〔学校
或教堂等的)唱诗班；合唱队：The church choir is/are singing
tonight. 教堂唱诗班今晚有演唱活动。 — see also 另见 CHORAL
SOCIETY 2 [usually sing. 一般用单数] the part of a church where
these people sit 〔教堂中〕唱诗班的席位：The choir dates from
the 14th century. 教堂唱诗班的席位建于14世纪。
choir-boy /`kwair boi; 'kwaieboi/ n a boy who sings in a church
choir 唱诗班的男童歌手 — compare 比较 CHORISTER
choir loft /'/ n especially AmE a raised area, often at the
front of a church, where the choir sits【尤美】〔教堂的〕唱诗班
楼座
choir·mas·ter /`kwair maeste; 'kwaiema:ste/ n the director of
a choir 唱诗班的指挥
choir school /' / n a school for choirboys, connected with a
church〔教堂附设的〕唱诗班学校
choke1/tfok; tfeuk/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) have great difficulty
in breathing or stop breathing because of blocking of or dam-
age to the breathing passages(使)窒息，（使）噎塞，（使）呼吸困
难：He almost choked to death on a fish bone. 他差点儿被一根
鱼刺噎死。| She choked with laughter/fury. 她笑得[气得]说
不出话来。| (fig. 喻) plants choked by weeds 被杂草盖没而枯
萎的作物2[T(UP, with)] to fill (a space or passage) completely, 
so that movement is impossible 堵塞，阻塞：Leaves choked up
the pipe. 树叶塞住了管道。| The roads were choked with traffic
几条马路都塞车了。3 [T] tech to use a CHOKE2 (2) to reduce
the amount of air to (an engine) in order to make starting easier
【术语】阻塞〔引擎的〕气门〔减少石油汽化器的空气吸入量，使利于
发动〕
choke sthg.  back/down phr y [T] to control (especially
violent or very sad feelings) as if by holding them in the throat
抑制，强忍住：to choke back one's angerlone's tears 强忍住怒
火[眼泪]
choke sbdy. off phr y [T] infml to stop, get rid of, or prevent
【非正式】制止；除去；阻止：They'd ruthlessly choked off all
opposition to their plans. 他们无情地把反对他们方案的各种意
见都压制下去了。
choke2 n 1 the act or sound of choking 窒息；噎；呛[塞]住的声
音2 an apparatus that controls the amount of air going into a
car engine, especially to help a cold engine start 〔汽车引擎的)
阻气门：Pull the choke out. (=the control button that works it)
0292
把阻气门（的开关）拉开
choke chain /'/n [C] a chain that is fastened around the neck
of a dog to control it 〔控制狗用的〕狗颈链
choke·cher·ry /`tfok, tfari; 'tfeuk, tferi/ n chokecherries AmE
a kind of sour CHERRY【美】美国稠李：chokecherry jam 美国稠
李酱
choked /tfokt; tfeukt/ also 又作 choked up // BrE【英】—
adj [F] slang angry or upset【俚】生气的，发怒的；心烦意乱的：I
was really choked to hear he'd died. 听到他的死讯，我难过得
说不出话来。| She seemed choked up about it. 她似乎为那事
憋了一肚子火
chok-er /tfoke; 'tfeuke/ n a NECKLACE or narrow band of deco. 
rative material worn very tightly round a woman's neck 短项
链；刚好围住脖子的项圈
chok. y, chokey /tfoki; 'tfeuki/ n [(the) U] BrE old-fash slang
prison【英，过时，俚】拘留所；监狱
chol-er /`kal; 'kole/ n [U] lit anger; bad temper【文】怒气；暴
躁脾气 — ~ic adj — ~ically /-kli; -kli/ adv
chol·e·ra /`kalere; 'kolere/ n [U] an infectious disease caused
by bacteria, which attacks especially the stomach and bowels
causing severe DIARRHOEA, sickness etc, and often leads to
death 霍乱（病）
cho. les. te. rol /ke`leste rol; ke'lesterol/ n [U] a substance found
in all cells of the body, which helps to carry fats, and too much
of which has been said to be bad for the arteries （ ARTERY). In
Britain and the US, people are now advised to reduce the
amount of cholesterol that they eat, e. g. by eating fewer eggs
and less RED MEAT. 胆固醇〔在英，美两国，现在都建议人们减少
胆固醇的摄入量，如少吃鸡蛋、少吃红色肉类)：cholesterol-free
foods (=which contain no cholesterol)不含胆固醇的食物
see Cultural Note at 参见 HEALTHY 文化注释
chomp /tfamp; tfomp/ v [I; T] to CHAMP1〔马〕大口地嚼
Chom. sky /'tfamski; 'tfomski/, No. am /`noem; 'neuem/
(1928-)a US LINGUIST (2) whose many new ideas about lan
guage have had a great influence on the study of language
One of his important ideas is that everyone has knowledge about
grammar when they are born, which they can then use to learn
any language. He has also written books about politics, and
has often criticized the way the US uses its power. 乔姆斯基
〔(1928-)，美国语言学家。他对语言提出了许多新的观点，对语
言的研究产生了极大影响。他的重要观点之一是每个人的文法知
识是与生俱来的，他们可以利用这些文法知识来学习任何一种语
言。他还著有关于政治的书，曾经常批评美国的用权方式)
*choose /tfuz; tfu:z/ v chose /tfoz; tfeuz/, chosen /`tfozn;
'tfeuzan/ 1 [I (between, from); T] to pick out freely, and after
consideration, from a number of things, possibilities etc 挑选
选择；选取；选中：It was such a big menu I didn't know what to
choose. 菜单上的菜肴名目繁多，我不知道选什么好。| Have you
chosen (a hat) yet?(帽子) 挑好了吗？ I He chose his words
carefully, hoping to avoid a quarrel. 他选词用字很小心，希望
能避免一场争吵。| She's been chosen as the new club
president. 她被选为俱乐部的新主席。| Anyone choosing poli-
tics as a career must face intense competition. 凡是选定要搞
政治的人，都必须面对激烈的竞争。| We had to choose between
leaving early and paying for a taxi. 我们不得不在早点动身或
雇出租车之间作出选择。|There's little/nothing to choose
between them. (=they are both alike/equally good) 两者一样
好，难分上下。| There are ten to choose from. 可供选择的共
有十种。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)] She chose him a book. 她给他选了
一本书。| [+obi+for] She chose a book for him. 她给他选了一
本书。| I+obi+to-yl They chose him to represent them. 他们
选他出来代表他们。| [+wh-] I'll let you choose where we
should go to eat. 我们该到哪儿进餐，我让你来选择。2 [I; T+to
v/that; obj] to decide 选定；决定：Do as you choose. (=as you
want)你决定怎么办就怎么办吧。| They chose to ignore her
warning. 他们决定不理她的警告。| He chose not to go home
until later. 他决定晚些时候才回家。| I chose that we should
stay. 我决定我们应留下来。 — see also 另见 CHOICE'
choos·y, choosey ^tfuzi; 'tfu:zi/ also 又作 picky AmE【美】-
adj (too) careful in choosing; hard to please 喜欢挑剔的；难伺
候的：Jean's very choosy about what she eats, 琼对吃的东西
很挑剔。
chop1 /tfap; tfop/ v -pp- 1 [T] to cut by repeatedly hitting with
a heavy sharp-ended tool, such as an AXE 砍：They're chop
ping wood in the forest. 他们在林中砍柴。I I chopped a branch
off the tree. 我从树上砍下一根树枝。2 [I(AWAY, at)] to make
a quick stroke or repeated strokes with a sharp-ended tool砍
(伐)，劈：I've been chopping away (at this tree) for half an
hour but it's still standing. 这树我砍了有半小时，但还未把它
砍倒。3 [T] to make or produce by doing this 劈开；砍出：Will
you chop the fir-wood, please?请劈点木柴好吗？ | We had to
chop a path through the forest. 我们只好在森林中劈出一条路
来。4 [T] to cut into small pieces 切细，剁碎：Chop the onions
then fry them in the oil. 把洋葱切碎后再用油煎。5 [T] to hit (a
ball) with a quick downward stroke 切，削，撮〔球)6 [T often
pass. 常用被动语态] infml to bring to an end or reduce【非正
式】取消；削减：The government has chopped funding for the
arts. 政府已不再提供艺术活动经费。| The budge has been
chopped by half. 预算经费被砍掉一半。
chop sthg. down phr v [T] to cause (especially a tree) to
fall by chopping 伐倒（尤指树）：to chop down an oak tree 伐
倒一棵橡树
chop sthg.  up phr y [T] to cut into small pieces 剁碎：
Those chunks of meat are rather large - could you chop
them up a bit smaller?这些肉块相当大，还能再切小一点吗？
chop2n 1 a small piece of meat, especially lamb or PORK, usu
ally containing a bone 带骨的肉块；（尤指）羊排：猪排：We're hay-
ing lamb chops for dinner. 我们晚餐吃羊排。2 a quick short
cutting blow with an AXE or similar weapon 剁，砍，劈 3 a short
sharp blow, as in BOXING, KARATE etc〔拳击、空手道等的〕切击
4 get the chop BrE slang【英俚】a to be dismissed from work
被解雇 b to be stopped suddenly by official action 被突然中断；
被取消：Our building plan got the chop; it was too expensive. 
我们的建筑计划被取消了，工程费用太大。 — see also另见CHOPS
chop3 y -pp- [I (ABOUT)] 1 (especially of the wind) to change
direction （尤指风）突然转向：(fig. 喻) One minute you want to
go, the next you don't - I wish you'd stop chopping about. 
你一会儿要去，一会儿又不去，我真希望你别这样变来变去。2chop
and change BrE to keep changing (your opinions, plans, ac-
tivities etc)【英】〔意见、计划、活动等〕变化无常，无定见：I wish
you wouldn't chop and change (your plans) like this; make
up your mind!希望你不要这样（把你的计划）变来变去，拿定主
意吧！ 3 chop logic to use arguments which seem reasonable
but which are in fact false 进行似是而非的论证；诡辩，强词夺
理
chop-chop // adv, interj BrE infml quickly; without delay
【英，非正式】快，赶快：Chop-chop! We'll miss the bus at this
rate. 赶快！这样走路的速度我们就赶不上公共汽车了。
chop. house /tfap haus; 'tfpphaus/ n -houses /-hauziz; -hauzz/
especially old use a restaurant specializing in STEAK and
CHOPS2(1)【尤旧】〔供应牛排、猪排等的〕肉排餐馆
Chop. in /fopaen; 'fopaen/, Fred. e-ric /`fradrik; 'fredarik/ (1810-
1849) a Polish COMPOSER, one of the best known and most
admired composers of piano music. He is also known for his
love affair with the French female writer George SAND. 肖邦
〔(1810-1849)，波兰作曲家，最著名、最受人仰慕的钢琴曲作家之
一。他也以与法国女作家乔治·桑的恋情闻名
chop·per /`tfape-; 'tfpper/ n 1 a heavy sharp-ended tool for
cutting wood or meat （大）砍刀；斧头；屠刀 2 slang for【俚】=
HELICOPTER 3 slang a motorcycle with very long front FORKS
(=supports for the front wheel)【俚】〔一种前叉很长的〕摩托车
chop. pers /`tfapaz;'tfopez/ n [P] slang teeth【俚】牙齿
chopping board /'· ·/ also 又作 chopping block - n a thick
flat piece of wood or plastic on which food is placed while it is
cut into small pieces 砧板
chop·py /tfapi; 'tfopi/ adj (of water) with many short rough
irregular waves 〔水面〕波浪滔滔的 - -piness n [U]
chops /tfaps; tfops/ n [P] the fleshy covering of an animal's
jaw〔动物的〕颚，下巴，腮：(fig. , derog 喻，贬) He licked his
chops as he thought of all the money he'd make on the deal
(=looked forward eagerly to his profit)一想到这笔买卖会赚到
许多钱，他就垂涎欲滴。
chop. stick /`tfap stik; 'tfopstik/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] ei-
ther of a pair of narrow sticks held between the thumb and
fingers and used in E Asian countries for lifting food to the
mouth 筷子
Chop. sticks /tfapstiks; 'tfopstiks/ a simple tune that people
often play on the PIANO, especially when they are learning to
play the piano or are bored 筷子调〔人们尤其在学弹钢琴或无聊
时在钢琴上弹奏的一支简单的曲子〕
chop su·ey /`tfap `sur;tfop 'su:i/ n [U] a Chinese dish made
of small pieces of vegetables and meat or chicken served with
rice 杂碎〔用肉、蔬菜炒成的中国菜〕 — compare 比较 CHOW
MEIN
cho-ral /`korel; 'ko:rel/ adj of or sung by a CHOIR or CHORUS 唱
诗班的；合唱队的；合唱的：a choral group 合唱队|choral music
合唱音乐
cho. rale /ko`ral; kp'ra:l/ n a HYMN(=a song of praise) to be
sung in a church 赞美诗，圣歌：a Bach chorale 巴赫谱曲的赞
美诗
0293
choral so. ci. e. ty /'·. . . /n a group of people who sing togethe
and are not connected with a church〔不属于教堂的)合唱团，合
唱会
chord1 /kord; ko:d/ n a combination of two or more musical
notes sounded at the same time 〔音乐〕和弦，和音：the opening
chords of a sonata 奏鸣曲的起始和弦 — see also 另见 strike a
cord (STRIKE1 (16))
chord2n a straight line joining two points on a curve 〔连接曲线
上两点的)弦：a chord of a circle 圆的弦
chore /tfor; tfo:/ n 1 a regular and necessary piece of work or
job, especially in a house 家庭杂务；日常零星工作：the daily
chores of cleaning, cooking, and shopping 打扫卫生、烧饭
买东西等日常杂活|the administrative chores of the office办
公室的行政杂务 2 a piece of uninteresting, difficult, or unpleas-
ant work 困难的工作；令人厌烦的工作：It's such a chore fill-
ing in tax forms. 填写纳税表格真是令人厌烦的工作
chor. e·og. raph /korie, graef; 'koriegra:f/v [T] to make up or
arrange the steps and dances for (a BALLET or piece of music)
为〔芭蕾舞、乐曲〕设计舞蹈动作，编舞
chor·e·og·raph. er /kori`agrefe;kori'ogrefe/n a person who
choreographs a piece of music 舞蹈设计师，编舞者，舞蹈编导
chor·e·og. ra·phy /，kori`agrefi;kori'ogrefi/ n [U] the art of
making up or arranging dances for the stage 编舞术；舞蹈设计
chor. is. ter /`koriste; 'koriste/ n a member of a group of people
who sing together (CHOIR), especially a boy who sings in a
church 合唱队队员；〔尤指〕唱诗班的男童歌手 — compare 比较
CHOIRBOY
chor. tle /tfortl; 'tfo:tl/ v, n [I](to give) a laugh of pleasure and
satisfaction; CHUCKLE 格格地笑；格格地欢笑：He chortled with
delight when I told him my news. 我把自己的消息告诉他时，他
开心得格格地笑了。
cho. rus1 /`kores; 'ko:res/ n 1 [C] a part of a song repeated after
each VERSE (=a group of lines) of a song 〔歌曲的)副歌，叠句
The audience joined in the chorus. 唱到歌曲的副歌时，观众也
跟着齐唱起来。 — compare 比较 VERSE (2) 2 [C+sing. /pl. y] a
group of people who sing together 合唱队，歌咏队：the Brighton
Festival Chorus 布赖顿节日合唱队 3 [C] a Diece of musi writ
ten to be sung by such a group 合唱曲 4 [C+sing. /pl. v] a group
of dancers, singers, or actors who play a supporting part in a
film or show 〔电影、舞台表演中的)歌舞队：The chorus is/are
dressea as fairies. 歌舞队的人都打扮成仙女。| She's a star
but I'm just a chorus girl. 她是明星，我只是个歌舞队的女演
员。5 [S (of] something said by many people at one time异口
同声的话；一齐发出的声音：The election results were greeted
by a chorus of groans. 选举结果引起了一片不满之声。6[C]
tech【术语】a (in ancient Greek plays) a group of actors who
used poetry and music to explain or give opinions on the ac-
tion of the play 〔古希腊戏剧中的〕合唱队<如用诗歌和音乐解释
剧情>b(in Elizabethan plays) a person who makes a speech
before, after, or during the play, explaining or giving opinions
on the action of the play〔英国伊丽莎白时代戏剧中〕在演出前
后或演出过程中进行解说的人 — see also另见 DAWN CHORUS
chorus2 v [T] to sing or say at the same time 合唱；齐声背诵；异
口同声地说：The papers all chorused the praises of the
President. 各报都异口同声地对总统表示赞扬。
chose /tfoz; tfeuz/ past tense of CHOOSE
cho. sen /`tfozn; 'tfeuzan/ past participle of CHOOSE — see
also 另见 WELL-CHOSEN
chosen peo. ple /. · ·/ n [the+P] any of various peoples who
believe they are chosen by God, especially the JEWS上帝的选
民〔尤指犹太人〕
Chou En-lai /，tfo En `lai; tfeu en 'lai/ — see 参见 ZHOU ENLA
chow1 /tfau; tfau/ also 又作 chow chow /' / - n a dog with a
thick coat and a blue tongue, originally bred in China 雄狮狗
〔原产中国的一种狗，毛厚，舌蓝黑色〕
chow2n [U] slang food【俚】食物，食品
chow3ν
chow down phr v [I; T (=chow sthg. down)] AmE slang
to eat as though one is very hungry, and showing pleasure【美
俚】狼吞虎咽
chow. der /tfaude; 'tfaude/ n [U] a thick soup prepared from
bits of fish and other sea animals (SHELLFISH), vegetables, meat. 
and often milk〔用鱼、贝类、肉、菜、牛奶等做成的〕海鲜杂烩羹汤
clam chowder 蛤肉汤
chow mein /`tfau `men;, tfau 'mein/ n [U] a Chinese dish made
of bits of vegetables and meat or chicken mixed with NOODLES
炒面 — compare 比较 CHOP SUEY
Chre·ti·en /`kretjaen; 'kreitiaen/, Jean /3an; 3Dn/ (1934-)the
Prime Minister of Canada since 1993， and the leader of the
LIBERAL PARTY 克雷蒂安〔(1934-)，1993年上任的加拿大总
理，自由党领导人)
Chretien de Troves /kretjaen de `trwa; kreitiaen de 'trwa;
(late 12th century) a French poet who wrote five long poems
about King ARTHUR and his followers, which influenced many
other writers 克雷蒂安·德·特罗亚〔(12世纪晚期)，法国诗人
曾写过5首有关亚瑟王及其追随者的长诗，对许多作家产生影
响) — see also 另见 ARTHURIAN LEGEND
Christ1 /kraist; kraist/ Jesus Christ, Christ Almighty interj ar
expression used to show annoyance or surprise, which is of-
fensive to some Christians 天哪！〔用于表示厌烦、吃惊等，对于
有些基督徒来说具有冒犯性)：Oh Christ! I've lost my keys. 噢，
天哪！我把钥匙弄丢了。
Christ2 1 also called Jesus Christ or Jesus, the man whose life
teachings, and death the Christian religion is based on 基督，耶
稣基督 — see 参见 JESUS' 2 the Christ — see 参见 the MES-
SIAH1
chris. ten /krisn; 'krisan/ v [T] 1 to make (someone, especially
a baby) a member of a Christian Church by the ceremony of
BAPTISM and usually the giving of a name 为··施洗礼，（施洗礼
时)把··命名为：The baby was christened by the priest. 牧师
为婴儿施了洗礼。| [+obj+n] We christened our baby John
我们让孩子受洗并给他取名为约翰。|(fig. 喻) The ship was
christened the Oueen Mary. (=given this name at a ceremony)
船在建成仪式上被命名为玛丽女王号。|(fig. 喻) Party mem-
bers who did not support her policies were christened (=giver
the NICKNAME) 'Wets' by the Prime Minister. 首相把党内不支
持她政策的人戏称为“Wets”。2 infml, especially BrE to use
for the first time【非正式，尤英】首次使用：Have you christened
your new car yet?你那辆新车开始使用了吗？ — ~ing n [C; U]
Chris. ten. dom /krisndem; 'krisandem/ n [U] old use【旧】1
all Christian people 基督教徒 2 all the Christian countries of
the world 信奉基督教的国家
Chris. tian1 /kristfen; 'kristfan/ n 1 a person who believes in
the teachings of Christ or belongs to a Christian church 基督
徒； When did you first become a Christian?你最初是什么时
候成为基督徒的？ 2 infml (used by Christians) a good person
【非正式】〔基督徒用语〕正派人，高尚的人
Christian2 adj 1 believing in the ideas taught by Jesus Christ
or belonging to one of the groups in the Christian religion 信基
督教的；基督教的；基督徒的：a society for Christian college
students 基督教大学生的一个社团 2 based on the ideas taught
by Jesus Christ 以基督教为基础的：Christian doctrine 基督教
教义 3 christian behaving in a good kind way that shows you
care for other people 慈善的；仁爱的：It isn't very christian to
laugh at people's misfortunes like that. 那样嘲笑人们的不幸
是不仁慈的
Christian3 the main character in the book The PILGRIM'S
PROGRESS by John BUNYAN 基督徒〔约翰·班扬《天路历程》一书
中的主人公〕
Christian Aid /. / a Christian CHARITY organization that pro-
vides money, equipment, advice etc in order to help poorer
countries develop their farming and industry 基督教援助委员
会〔一基督教慈善机构，提供资金、设备、建议等帮助贫困国家发展
农业和工业〕
Christian Co. a-li·tion, the /，. ·. ·. / a RIGHT-WING Christian
political group in the US, which tries to influence government
decisions, so that laws are based on traditional Christian morals. 
It is known for opposing ABORTION and equal rights for women
and HOMOSEXUALS. 基督教联盟〔美国右翼基督教政治团体, 试
图影响政府决策来使法律以基督教的传统道德为基础。它以反对
人工流产及为妇女和同性恋者争取平等权利而著称〕
Christian Dem. o. crat /. . / n a member of the Christian
Democrat Union (CDU), a RIGHT-OF-CENTRE political party
which is one of the main parties in Germany 基督教民主联盟
成员〔基督教民主联盟是德国主要政党之一，偏向保守〕 - Chris
tian Democrat adj
Christian e. ra /，. . / n [the+S] the system of time counted
from the birth of Christ 公元，西历纪元 — see also 另见 AD
BC, CE
Chris. ti. an. i. ty /kristfi`aeneti; kristi'aenti/ n [U] the religior
based on the life and teachings of Christ. Christianity began in
Palestine in the first century and was spread by missionaries
(MISSIONARY). In the West it later split into a number of re. 
lated divisions. The three main divisions of the Christian
Church are the Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Eastern Or-
thodox Churches. 基督教〔基督教于公元1世纪在巴勒斯坦创立
并由传教士加以传播，后在西方分成几个教派，基督教会的3大主
要教派为新教、天主教和东正教)：He converted to Christian
ity in 1987. 他于 1987年皈依基督教。| ‘Love thy neighbour
is one of the basic tenets of Christianity. “爱你的邻人”是基督
0294
教基本教义之一。
Christian name /'. / n (especially in Christian countries) a
person's FIRST NAME 教名，洗礼名 — see 参见 FIRST NAME
(USAGE)
Christian Sci-ence /. ··/ n [U] a branch of Christianity started
by Mary Baker Eddy in America in 1866. It includes the belief
that illness is cured by means of faith. Christian Scientists do
not take medicines or have SURGERY; instead, they talk with a
Christian Science Practitioner, who helps them find a way
to cure or deal with their illness according to their religion. 基
督教科学派〔基督教的一个分支，1866年由玛丽·贝克·埃迪在美
国创立。其中一个特点是主张信仰疗法。其信徒不服药，不动手
术，而是与本派的信仰疗法术士交谈，并由他帮助根据他们的信仰
找到治愈或应付疾病的方法〕- -entist n
Christian Science Mon. i. tor, The /. . . . / a US daily
newspaper, owned by the Christian Science religion, which is
known for its articles about politics, national and international
news, and for its short stories《基督教科学箴言报》〔美国一份
由基督教科学派主办的日报，以其关于政治的文章、国内外新闻及
简要报道著称〕
Chris·tie /`kristi; 'kristi/, Ag·a·tha /`ege0e; 'aege0e/(1890-
1976)a British writer known for her many popular novels about
murders and the DETECTIVES who try to find out who did them. 
Her most famous characters are Miss MARPLE and Hercule
POIROT, and two of her best-known books are Murder on the
Orient Express and Death on the Nile, which have both been
made into films. 克里斯蒂〔(1890-1976)，英国作家，以其大量
畅销的侦探小说闻名，其中最出名的人物是马普尔小姐和赫邱尔·
波洛，最著名的两本小说为《东方快车谋杀案》和《尼罗河上的惨
案》，都已被搬上银幕〕
Christie, Lin-ford /linfa-d; 'limfed/ (1960- ) a British SPRINTER
(=someone who runs in fast races over short distances) who
won a GOLD MEDAI, at the 1992 OLYMPIO GAMES. _克里斯蒂
〔(1960-)，英国短跑运动员，曾在1992年的奥运会上夺得一枚
金牌〕
Chris. tie's /kristiz: 'kristiz/ a famous AUCTION HOUSE with its
main offices in London and New York City, where valuable
paintings, old furniture, rare books etc are sold_克里斯蒂拍卖
行〔一家总部设在伦敦和纽约的著名拍卖行，拍卖名画、旧家具、珍
本书籍等〕
Christ-mas /krismes; 'krismes/ n 1 Christmas Day a special
day in the Christian religion on December 25th, when people
celebrate the birth of Christ. It is also a public holiday. 圣诞节
Christmas dinner 圣诞大餐 | a Christmas present 圣诞礼物
see also 另见 BOXING DAY, CHRISTMAS CARD, CHRISTMAS
TREE 2 the period just before and after Christmas Day 圣诞节
节期：They usually go skiing at Christmas. 他们通常在圣诞节
期间去滑雪。| the Christmas holidays 圣诞节假期 — see also
另见 the ghost of Christmas past (GHOST1 (6)， XMAS and see
Feature on page B1并见B1页文化特写
Christmas bo. nus /，. '·/ n an additional payment made at
Christmas by some employers to their workers. In the UK, the
government also gives a Christmas bonus to all OAPs (older
people who no longer work). 圣诞节红包〔圣诞节时由雇主发给
员工。在英国，政府也发圣诞节红包给领养老金的人〕
Christmas box /'· / n in the UK, a gift of money to the person
who delivers your letters, newspapers, milk etc to thank them
for their services during the year. Very few people still give
such a gift. 圣诞节礼金[赏钱]〔在英国，给为自己服务的邮递员
送报工人、送奶工人等以示感谢的礼金，现在几乎没人这样做了
Christmas cake /'. / n [C; U] a sweet heavy cake eaten in the
UK at Christmas. It contains a lot of dried fruit and is covered
with ICING (=powdery sugar mixed with water). 圣诞蛋糕〔英
国人圣诞节时吃的一种味道浓郁的甜蛋糕，里面加有大量果干，表
面涂上一层糖霜〕 — compare 比较 CHRISTMAS PUDDING
Christmas card /'. / n a card with a picture on it that one
person sends to another at Christmas with good wishes 圣诞
(贺)卡：I'll put him on my Christmas card list. 我将把他列入
我要寄圣诞卡的人的名单里
Christmas carol /，· '·/ n — see 参见 CAROL
Christmas Carol, A a short novel by Charles DICKENS about
an unpleasant old man called SCROOGE who hates to spend
money. On CHRISTMAS EVE several GHOSTS visit him to warn
him about what will happen if he does not change. When he
wakes up the next morning, he becomes a happy generous
person, especially to his worker Bob CRATCHIT and Cratchit's
sick son, TINY TIM. 《圣诞颂歌》〔查尔斯·狄更斯所著的短篇小说，
讲述一位讨厌花钱的坏脾气老人斯克鲁奇的故事。圣诞前夕，几个
鬼魂来看他，警告他如果再不改变将会发生何等事情。第二天早晨
醒来时，他变成了一个快乐慷慨的人，对工人鲍勃·克拉基伊特及
其患病的儿子小蒂姆尤为慷慨〕
Christmas cook·ie /，·. '·/ n a flat sweet type of cake with IC-
ING (=powdery sugar mixed with water) on the top, eaten in
the US at Christmas 圣诞小甜饼〔美国人圣诞节时吃的一种食品，
表面涂上一层糖霜〕
Christmas crack. er /，. ·/ n a brightly coloured tube of paper
that makes a harmless exploding sound when two people pull
it apart. It usually contains a small cheap toy, a joke, and a
paper hat, and is used at meals or parties at Christmas, espe-
cially in the UK. 圣诞彩包爆竹〔一种拉开时劈啪作响的彩纸筒。
里面一般装有一只廉价的小玩具、一个笑话和一顶纸帽，尤其在英
国的圣诞宴会或圣诞晚会上使用〕
Christmas Day /，· '/ — see 参见 CHRISTMAS (1)
Christmas din·ner /. ··/ n [C; U] a meal eaten on or before
Christmas Day with your family or friends. In the US and UK. 
it typically includes TURKEY with various vegetables and
SAUCES, and in the UK, this is usually followed by CHRISTMAS
PUDDING, 圣诞大餐〔圣诞节或圣诞节之前与家人、朋友一起吃的
顿饭。在美国和英国，餐桌上总有配以蔬菜和酱汁的火鸡，在英
国，随后还上一道圣诞布丁〕
Christmas Eve /，. '/ n [U] the day, and especially the eve
ning, before Christmas. Christmas Eve is not a public holiday
in Britain or the US 圣诞前夕，圣诞夜，平安夜〔圣诞前夕在英国
或美国都不是公众假期)：I always go to my parents' house on
Christmas Eve. 每年圣诞前夕，我总是要到父母亲那里去。
Christmas pres·ent /'·，·/ n a present given at Christmas圣
诞礼物
Christmas pud. ding /，· '·/ n [C; U] a sweet PUDDING eaten
in the UK at the end of Christmas dinner. It contains a lot of dried
fruit and is often covered with burning BRANDY (=strong alcohol). 
圣诞布丁〔在英国，圣诞大餐结束时的食品，里面加有大量果干，食
用时把白兰地浇在上面点上火) — compare 比较CHRISTMAS
CAKE
Christmas stock·ing /. · '·/ n a long sock which children hang
beside a FIREPLACE or beside their bed on Christmas Eve so
that it can be filled with small presents. TANGERINES and nuts
are often put into the sock. Small children are told that the
presents are brought by SANTA CLAUS who has climbed down
the CHIMNEY during the night. 圣诞袜〔圣诞前夕，小孩子挂在
壁炉旁或床边盛放小礼物的长袜子，里面常放进橘子和干果。小孩
被告知这些礼物是圣诞老人晚上从烟囱里爬下来送的〕
Christ·mas·time /krismes taim; 'krismestaim/ n [U] the sea-
son when people prepare for and celebrate Christmas, from
mid-December to the end of the year 圣诞节节期〔指12月中旬
至年底，为圣诞节作准备并庆贺的一段时间)：I hope to see all
of my relatives at Christmastime. 我希望在圣诞节期间见到所
有的亲戚。
Christmas tree /'·. / n a FIR or
SPRUCE' tree, either real or artifi-
Christmas tree 圣诞树
cial, that you decorate specially for
Christmas with TINSEL, thin
coloured glass balls, small coloured
lights (FAIRY LIGHTS) etc. It usu
ally has a star, a fairy, or an ANGEL
on the top. A family's Christmas
presents are often placed around the
bottom of the tree. 圣诞树〔顶端通
常有一颗星星、一位仙女或天使，一
家人的圣诞礼物常放在树下〕
Chris. to /kristo; 'kristeu/ (1935-)
a US artist, born in Bulgaria, who
works with his wife, Jeanne-Claude
He is known for his large temporary works that change the
appearance of the land or of large buildings. In 1995 he wrapped
the Reichstag building in Berlin in silver plastic for two weeks
克里斯托〔(1935-)，出生于保加利亚的美国艺术家，与妻子珍
尼-克劳德一起合作，以改变土地或高大建筑外貌的大型临时作
品闻名。1995年，他用银色塑料将柏林的德国国会大厦包裹了两
个星期
Chris·to·pher /`kristefe-; 'kristefe'/, Saint (？-？250 AD) a man
who was supposed to have carried the Christ across a river. 
and who, as a result, became the PATRON SAINT of travellers克
里斯托弗〔(？-？250)，据信曾背负耶稣过河的男子，结果成为了旅
行者的主保圣人) — see also 另见 SAINT CHRISTOPHER
Christopher Rob·in /· '·/ a character in stories and poems
by A. A. MILNE. He is a small boy who is a friend of WINNIE
THE POOH. 克里斯托弗·罗宾〔A. A. 米尔恩创作的故事和诗歌中
的一位小男孩，他是小熊温尼普的朋友〕
chro·mat·ic/kro`maetik; kreu'maetik/ adj1 of colours; coloured
(有)颜色的；有色彩的；彩色的2 of the musical SCALE1(5)
0295
(chromatic scale /·，· '·/) which consists of SEMITONES 半音
(阶)的
chrome /krom; kreum/ n [U] a hard ALLOY (=combination of
metals) of chromium with other metals, especially used for
covering objects with a thin shiny protective metal plate 铬合
金：The trimmings on the car are made of chrome. 车上的装
饰品都是铬合金做的
chrome yel-low /，· '·/ n [U] a bright yellow 铬黄色
chro. mi·um /kromiem; 'kreumiem/ n [U] a blue-white metal
that is a simple substance (ELEMENT) found only in combina
tion with other chemicals, used for covering objects with a
thin shiny protective plate 铬：chromium-plated 镀铬的
chro·mo·some /`krome, som; 'kreumeseum/n tech a thread
like object found in all living cells, which passes on and con
trols the nature, character etc of a young plant, animal, or cell
【术语】染色体 — see also 另见 X CHROMOSOME, Y CHROMO
SOME
chron— see 参见 WORD FORMATION
chron·ic /`kranik; 'kronik/ adj1 (of a disease) continual: last
ing a long time 〔疾病)慢性的：chronic hepatitis 慢性肝炎 | (fig
喻)chronic unemployment 长期失业 — compare 比较 ACUTE
(4)2 [A] suffering from a disease over a long period长期患病
的； a chronic alcoholic/invalid 酒鬼；长期病号 | chronic de-
pression长期抑郁| (fig. 喻) a chronio complainer 老爱抱怨
的人 3 BrE slang very bad; terrible【英俚】恶劣的；糟透的：The
food was absolutely chronic!食物糟透了！ — ~ally /-kli;-kli/
adv: chronically ill长期患病的
chronic fa·tigue syn. drome /·. / n AmE【美】— see 参见
M. E. 
chron. i. cle1/kranik]; 'kronikal/ n [(of)] a record of historical
events, arranged in order of time 编年史，年代记：The Daily
Chronicle (=title of a newspaper)《纪事日报》 | (fig. 喻) Every
time I visit my grandmother she gives me a chronicle of her
complaints. 我每次探访祖母，她总是向我数说她的怨屈
chronicle2ν[T] to make a chronicle of (events)记录〔大事)：把. 
载于编年史中； to chronicle the growth of a town 记述某城镇
的发展情况 - -cler n
chron. o. graph /krane graef;'kronegra:f/n tech an instrument
for measuring and recording periods of time【术语】记时器，录
时器
chron·o. log·i. cal /krane`lad3ikl;krone'lod3ikel/ adjar
ranged according to the order of time 按年代顺序排列的：We'll
talk about the causes of the war in chronological order. 我们
将按照年代顺序来讲述战争的起因。 — ~ly/-klr; -kli/ adv
chro. nol. o. av /kre`naled3i; kre'nled3i/ n 1 [U] the science
which measures time and gives dates to events 年代学 2 [C] a
list or table arranged according to the order of time 年表：a
chronology of the events of last year 一份去年的大事年表
chro·nom·e·ter /kre`namete; kre'nomte/n tech a very exact
clock for measuring time, especially as used for scientific
purposes【术语】精密记时钟表；〔航海用〕天文钟
chrys. a·lis /`kris]is; 'krisels/ n chrysalises /-siz; -siz/ the PUPA
(=an insect in its inactive stage) of a MOTH or BUTTERFLY in
its hard outer shell〔为硬皮所包住的蛾或蝶的〕蛹 — compare
比较COCOON
chry·san·the. mum /kris`aen0emem;kri'saen0mem/n‖also又
作 mum AmE infml【美，非正式】-- a garden plant with large
brightly coloured bushy flowers 菊（花）
Chrys·ler /`kraizle; 'kraizle'/ trademark【商标】1 a large US
company that makes cars of many different types and sizes. In
1998, Chrysler joined with the German car maker Daimler-
Benz to form a new company. 克莱斯勒汽车公司〔美国大型汽
车制造商，生产多种不同型号和大小的汽车。1998年，与德国汽
车制造商戴姆勒-奔驰公司合并组成新的公司)2 a type of car
made by this company 克莱斯勒汽车
Chubb /tfvb; tfvb/ trademark a type of strong lock on a door
made by the British company Chubb【商标】“查布”保险锁〔由
英国查布公司制造的一种坚固的门锁
chub. by /`tfabI; 'tfabi/ adj(especially of children and young
adults) pleasantly fat〔尤指小孩或年轻人)圆圆胖胖的，丰满的
chubby cheeks 胖乎乎的脸颊 — see 参见 FAT(USAGE) - -bines
n[U]
chuck1 /tfak; tfak/ v [T] 1 infml to throw (something), espe
cially with a short movement of the arms【非正式】抛；扔：[+ob
(i)+obj(d)] Chuck me the ball. 把球扔给我。|[+obj+adv/prep
Chuck the ball to me. 把球扔给我。 I chucked the empty
packet away/chucked it in the bin. 我把那个空袋子扔掉了【扔
进垃圾箱了]。| (fig. 喻) Don't make so much noise, or the
driver will chuck us off (the bus). 不要这样吵闹，否则司机会
把我们（从公共汽车上）赶下去的。2[(IN)] slang to stop or give
up; leave【俚】停止；放弃；辞职：He got fed up with his job and
chucked i (n). 他对自己的工作感到厌烦, 于是便离职不干了。
3 chuck someone under the chin to touch someone gently or
playfully under the chin 轻轻抚弄某人的下巴
chuck sbdy. /sthg. → out phr v [T] infml【非正式】1 [(of)] to
force (a person) to leave 赶走，撵走：The owner threatened to
chuck us out (of the restaurant) if we didn't stop singing. 餐
馆老板扬言，如果我们不停止唱歌、就会把我们（从餐馆里）撵出
去。2 to throw away (something useless or unwanted); get rid
of; DISCARD 扔掉，抛弃（废物等）：I'm going to chuck out these
old shoes. 我打算扔掉这些旧鞋子。- chucker-out /，· `/ n
chuck2 n 1 a gentle or loving stroke under the chin 轻抚下巴
2 give someone the chuck/get the chuck BrE infml to dis-
miss someone/be dismissed from a job or relationship【英，非
正式】把某人解雇；被辞退；断绝与某人的关系
chuck3n 1 [U] meat, especially BEEF, from the side of an ani-
mal just above the top of the front legs 〔尤指牛的)前腿上方的
肩肉：chuck steak 牛肩肉排 2 [C] an apparatus for holding a
tool etc, in a machine〔车床等的〕夹盘，卡盘
chuck·le /`tfvk];'tfvkal/ v[I] to laugh quietly 低声轻笑，轻声发
笑：I could hear him chuckling to himself as he read his book
他看书时，我能听见他在轻声发笑。— see 参见 LAUGH'(USAGE)
- chuckle n: He gave a chuckle. 他轻声一笑。
chuck wag. on /'·/ n AmE a truck which carries and provides
food for a group of people【美】流动炊事车
chuffed /tfaft; tfvft/ adj [F] BrE infml pleased or happy【英，非
正式】满意的：喜欢的；高兴的：She's very chuffed about her new
job. 她对新的工作十分满意
chug /tfvg; tfag/v-gg-1 [I+adv/prep] (of an engine or vehicle)
to make, or move while making, a low repeated knocking sound
〔引擎、机动车等)发出嘎嚓声地前进：I heard the little car chug
ging alons/away. 我听到那辆小汽车突突地响着开过去[开走
了]。| They watched the old steam engine chugging up the
hill. 他们望着那辆老式蒸汽机车嘎嚓嘎嚓地开上山坡。2[T]AmE
infml to drink quickly【美，非正式】咕噜咕噜地喝，大口喝：He
chugged his lemonade. 他咕噜咕噜地喝柠檬汽水。-- chug n
[S]: the chug of the motorboat 汽艇的突突声
chuk. ker /`tfake;'tfake/ also 又作 chuk. ka /-ke;-ke/-
-non
of the periods of seven minutes each into which the game of
POLO is divided 〔马球比赛的〕一局〔每七分钟一局〕
chum1 /tfvm; tfvm/ n especially BrE infml a good friend, espe-
cially among children; a word used especially by MIDDLE-CLASS
and UPPER-CLASS adults【尤英，非正式】〔尤指儿童之间的〕密友，
好友〔该词尤其为中上层阶级的成年人使用)：his school chums
他很要好的几个同学
chum2ν-mm-
chum up phr v [I (with)] especially BrE infml to make friends
【尤英，非正式】（与·）成为好朋友：She's chummed up with the
girl in the next room. 她同隔壁房间一位女孩成了好朋友
chum. my /`tfami; 'tfami/ adj [(with)] especially BrE infml
friendly【尤英，非正式】亲密的，友好的，交情好的
chump /tfamp; tfamp/ n 1 infml a fool; a word used especially
by MIDDLE-CLASS and UPPER-CLASS people【非正式】笨蛋，傻
瓜〔该词尤其为中上阶级人士使用)：You chump, Rodney!你这
个傻瓜，罗德尼！2 also 又作 chump chop /'· ·/ - especially
BrE a thick piece of meat with a bone through one end【尤英】
〔一端有骨的)厚肉块 3 (go) off your chump BrE slang (to
become)mad【英俚】发疯，发狂
chunk /tfank; tfank/ n 1 [(of)] a thick piece or lump with a
usually irregular shape 厚块，大块； a chunk of coal/cakelcheese
一大块煤[蛋糕；乳酪] 2 infml a large part or amount【非正式】
相当大的部分[数量]：The car repairs took quite a chunk ou
of her salary. 她花在修理汽车上的费用占掉她工资相当大的
部分。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 chunk, hunk, slice
and 和 lump. All these words are used about pieces of
something, but give different ideas of size, shape, and
material. 这几个词均用于表示物品的零块，但在大小、形状和
质料方面，概念各有不同。A chunk is a large, usually un
even piece of a solid material that can be cut or divided. 
chunk 用于形状不均匀，可以切碎和分开的固体材料：achunk
of meat （一大块肉）。Hunk is similar in meaning but is used
especially of food that can be broken or cut off. hunk 的含
义与之相似，但专指可以分开、掰开、切开的食品：a hunk of
bread （一块面包） 。A slice is a thin, flat, cleanly cut piece
of something, especially food. slice 用于薄而扁平，整齐地
切开的东西，尤指食品：a slice of bread/sausage/cheese （一
片面包[香肠；干酪])。A lump is a mass of a solid material
0296
of no regular size or shape, especially one which has no
been shaped by human control, lump 用于指大块的固体物
品，其大小、形状不规则，尤指未经人工加工定形者：alump
of rock(一块岩石)。(But a lump of sugar is usually regu-
lar in size and shape. 但 a lump of sugar 通常指大小及形状
都有规则的方块砂糖。)
chunk·y/^tfanki; 'tfvnki/ adj1 short, thick, and solid 短粗而结
实的 2 infml, sometimes apprec (of a person, especially a man)
having a broad chest and strong-looking body, and not very
tall【非正式，有时褒】〔尤指男人〕矮而壮实的 3 (of materials. 
clothes etc) thick and heavy （材料、衣服等〕厚的；重的； a chunky
woollen sweater 一件厚毛线衫 | a chunky silver bracelet 沉
甸甸的银镯 4 (of food) containing thick solid pieces 〔食品内含
有〕大块[厚片]的：chunky marmalade 含有橘子块的橘子酱
Chun·nel, the /`tfvnl; 'tfanl/ a name used especially in news-
papers for the CHANNEL TUNNEL 英吉利海底隧道〔尤为报纸上
所使用的名称〕
*church1/tf3tf; tf3:tf/ n 1 [C] a building for public Christian
worship 教堂，礼拜堂：Our house is opposite the Baptist
church. 我们的家在浸礼会教堂对面。| the church spire 教堂
的尖塔 | a Gothic church 一座哥特式教堂 2 [U] the religious
services held in a church 礼拜仪式：They go to church every
Sunday, 他们每星期日都去做礼拜。| I saw them at church/
after church. 做礼拜时[做礼拜后]，我看见他们了。| a church
service(一次)礼拜仪式
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US and the UK
churches have regular SERVICES(=religious ceremonies
on Sundays, and have special services on religious holi-
days such as Easter and Christmas. Christians also go to
church for special ceremonies such as weddings, CHRIS
TENINGS, and funerals, and people who are not Christian
are invited to these ceremonies too. 在英国和美国，教堂在
星期天举行定期的礼拜活动，在复活节、圣诞节等宗教节日里
举行特别礼拜活动。基督教徒还去教堂参加特殊的仪式、如婚
礼、洗礼和葬礼，非基督教徒也被邀请参加这些仪式
3 [the+S] the profession of the CLERGY (=priests and people
employed for religious reasons)神职；牧师的职位：to enter
join the church 成为神职人员 4 [U] religious power as com-
pared with state power 〔与政权相对而言的〕教权，教会：the sepa-
ration of church and state 政教分离 5 [C] (usually cap. 一般
用大写) the organization of Christian believers, or of any of
the various branches of Christianity 教会（组织），教派：the
Catholic Church 天主教会 | the Church of England 英国国教
会，英国圣公会 — see also 另见 CHAPEL, HIGH CHURCH, LOW
CHURCH — compare 比较 MEETING HOUSE
church2 adj [F] BrE old-fash (in England and Wales) belong-
ing to the established state church【英，过时】〔英格兰、威尔士
属于国教的：My uncle's church, but none of the rest of us are. 我
叔叔是国教教徒，我们其余人都不是。 — compare 比较 CHAPEL2
Church Com. mis. sion-ers, the /. '. /n a group of people
who are responsible for managing the buildings and money of
the Church of England 英国国教会财政管理委员会
church-go. er /tf3tf. goa; 'tf3:tf. geue/n a person who regu-
larly attends public Christian worship in a church 常去教堂做
礼拜的人
Chur. chill/tf3tfil;'tf3:tfil/, Sir Win. ston /winstn; 'winstan/
(1874-1965) a British politician in the CONSERVATIVE Party
who was Prime Minister during most of World War II and again
from 1951 to 1955. He is still remembered and admired by
most British people as a great leader who made possible
Britain's victory in the war. He is also famous for the many
speeches he made during the war, especially on the radio, en-
couraging British people to believe that they would eventually
win. Pictures of Churchill usually show him wearing a hat and
smoking a large CIGAR. He is also known for making the V
SIGN to show his belief in a British victory in the war. 丘吉尔
(1874-1965), 英国保守党政治家，第二次世界大战期间大部分
时间任英国首相，1951年至1955年间再次出任英国首相。作为
一位使英国赢得战争的伟大领导人，他仍为英国大部分民众所牢记
和钦佩。他也以战时所作的演说，尤其是电台演说而出名，其中他
鼓励英国民众相信他们最终必会取得胜利。照片上，他通常戴礼
帽，抽一支大雪茄烟。他也以做Ⅴ型手势，表示他对英国打赢这场
战争的信念而闻名) — ~ian /tf3`tfilien;tf3;'tfilien/ adj: a stir-
ring Churchillian speech 丘吉尔的一篇令人振奋的演说
church. key /`tf3tfki; 'tf3:tfki:/ n AmE infml BOTTLE OPENER
【美，非正式】开瓶器
church·man /`tf3tfmen;'tf3:tfmen/ n -men /-men; -men/ a
priest;CLERGYMAN 牧师；教士；神父
Church of Eng-land, the /. /n the state religion in
England, which separated from the Roman Catholic Church in
the 16th century. Its priests can marry, its official leader is the
Queen or King, and its most important priest is the ARCHBISHOP
OF CANTERBURY. Members of the Church of England are called
‘Anglicans'. 英国国教会，英国圣公会〔英国国教，16世纪与天主
教分裂，其神职人员可以结婚。正式首脑是女王或国王，职位最高
的神职人员为坎特伯雷大主教，教徒称为“Anglican”〕 — see also
另见ANGLICAN COMMUNION, CHURCH OF ENGLAND, C OF E
Church of Ire-land, the /·n an independent ANGLICAN
church in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland 爱尔兰
圣公会
Church of Je-sus Christ of Lat-ter-day Saints, the /
····'·/ n the official name of the MORMON church, estab-
lished in the US by Joseph SMITH in 1830 耶稣基督末世圣徒教
会〔摩门教会的正式名称，1830年由约瑟夫·史密斯在美国创立)
Church of Scot-land, the /，. . '·/n the official PRESBYTERIAN
church in Scotlanc苏格兰长老会
church school /'/ n in Britain a PRIMARY SCHOOL that is
partly controlled by a church〔英国的〕教会小学
church·war·den /`tf3tf`wordn;tf3:tf'wo:dn/ n (in a Church
of England church)either of two people who are not priests
and are elected, by the people who attend a church, to be re-
sponsible for that church's property and money 〔在英国国教会
中由信徒选出通常为非神职人员的两名负责教会财务的)教会执
事，教区委员
church wed·ding / '·/n a wedding which takes place in a
church, especially a TRADITIONAL wedding 教堂婚礼〔尤指传
统的结婚仪式〕
church·yard /tf3tfjard; 'tf3:tfja:d/n a piece of ground around
and belonging to a church, in which dead members of that
church are buried. Not all churches have a churchyard, espe-
cially in the US. 〔在教堂周围的〕教堂墓地〔尤其在美国，不是所
有教堂都有墓地〕 — compare 比较 CEMETERY, GRAVEYARD
churl /tf3l; tf3:l/ n old use【旧】1 a rude person 粗鄙的人 2 a
person of low social class 社会地位低下的人
churl-ish /`tf3lif; 'tf3:lif/ adj bad-tempered and rude 粗暴的
无礼的：a churlish reply 无礼的答复 | It would be churlish to
refuse such a kind offer. 拒绝这样善意的建议，似乎不太礼貌。
 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
churn1/tf3n; tf3:n/ n 1 a container in which milk is shaken
until it becomes butter 〔制造黄油的)搅乳器 2 BrE a large metal
container in which milk is stored or carried from the farm【英】
大盛奶罐，奶桶
churn2v1 [T] to make (milk) into butter or make (butter) from
milk using a churn〔用搅乳器〕搅〔乳〕；搅制〔黄油〕2[I;T(UP)]
to (cause to) move about violently 剧烈搅动；（使）剧烈翻腾：The
ship churned the water up as it passed. 轮船驶过时把水搅动
得浪花翻滚。| (fig. 喻) My stomach started to churn when I
thought about my exams. 一想到自己考试的情况，我就觉得胃
里直翻腾。
churn sthg.  out phr v [T] infml, often derog to produce in
large amounts, by or as if by machinery【非正式，常贬】大量炮
制，粗制滥造：She churns out three or four new books every
year. 她每年粗制滥造地出版三四本新书。
chute /fut; fu:t/ n 1 a long narrow structure that slopes down, 
used for sliding things from one place to another or for people
to slide down 斜槽；滑运道；倾卸槽；滑梯：The pool has the
added attraction of a water chute, 游泳池内更有一个吸引人的
水上滑梯。2 infml a PARACHUTE【非正式】降落伞
Chutes and Lad·ders /'·/ [U] trademark the name used in
the US for the children's game of SNAKES AND LADDERS【商
标】“滑道与梯子”棋〔在美国使用的名称，即儿童游戏“蛇与梯子”
棋〕
chut-ney /`tfvtni; 'tfatni/ n [U] a mixture of various fruits, hot-
tasting seeds, and sugar, eaten with other dishes such as meat
or cheese, and especially with CURRY 酸辣酱：mango chutney
芒果酸辣酱
chutz-pah /`hutspe; 'hotspe/ n [U] apprec slang especially AmE
disrespectful confidence; NERVE【褒，俚，尤美】肆无忌惮，放肆，
厚脸皮
CIA, the /si ai`e; si: ai 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写= the Central Intel-
ligence Agency; the US government department that collects
information, especially secret information, about other
countries. Formerly, one of its main aims was to prevent the
spread of COMMUNISM, and it actively supported RIGHT-WING
governments and opposed Socialist governments, e. g. in Cuba
and Chile. Some people have criticized it for having too much
0297
secret influence on other countries. (美国)中央情报局〔从事收
集他国情报，尤其是秘密情报工作的美国政府部门。原先，其主要
目标之一是防止共产主义的传播。它极力支持右翼政府，反对社会
主义政府，如古巴和智利。有人曾批评它在暗中对别国施加了太多
的影响〕 — compare 比较 FBI
ci·a·bat. ta /tfie`bate;, tfie'ba:te/ a type of Italian bread made
with OLIVE oil and popular in the UK （意大利式）恰巴塔面包
ciao /tfau; tfau/ interj It (used to say HELLO or goodbye)【意】
喂！你好！再见！
ci. ca. da /si`kede; s'ka:de/ n a tropical insect with large trans
parent wings that makes a high singing noise 蝉
cic·a·trice /`siketris; 'siketris/ also 又作 cic·a·trix /-triks; -triks/ -
n cicatrices /，sike`traisiz;sike'traisi:z/ lit or med a SCAR【文
或医】瘢痕；疤痕；痂
Ci-ce-ro /`sisero; 'sisereu/ Mar. cus Tul-li·us /markes `talies;
'ma:kes 'tvlies/ (106-43 BC) a Roman politician who was
known as an orator (=someone who is good at making speeches)
and is considered to be one of the greatest Latin writers 西塞罗
〔（公元前106-公元前43），罗马政治家，以作为演说家闻名，被认
为是最伟大的拉丁语作家之一
CID /，si aI`di; si: aI 'di:/ abbrev. for 缩写= the Criminal Inves
tigation Department; the part of the British police that consists
of DETECTIVES, who try to solve serious crimes using any in-
formation they can find. CID officers do not wear police
uniform, so they are sometimes called 'plain-clothes'officers
The CID's head office is at New Scotland Yard in central
London, but each main police station in the UK has its own
CID. 刑事侦缉部〔英国的一个警察部门，由侦探组成，他们试图用
自己所能获得的情报侦破重大的刑事案件。其成员不穿警察制服，
所以有时被称做“便衣”警察。总部设在伦敦市中心的新苏格兰场，
但是英国的每个主要警察局都设有自己的刑事侦缉部
Cid, The — see 参见 EL CID
ci-der‖also又作 cyder BrE【英】/`saide; 'saide/ n [C; U] 1 BrE
(a glass of) an alcoholic drink made from apples. A lot of cider. 
especially strong cider, is made in the West Country. 【英】(-
杯)苹果酒〔尤其是烈性苹果酒大都产于英格兰西部)：Two
glasses of cider and a beer, please. 请来两杯苹果酒和一杯啤
酒。 — see also 另见 SCRUMPY 2 AmE a fresh non-alcoholic
drink made from apples【美】苹果汁 — see also 另见 HARD CI-
DER
Cider with Ro·sie /saide wio `rozi;saide wi 'reuzi/ a nove
by Laurie LEE about a boy growing up in a small country vil-
lage in England during the 1920s and 1930s《同萝西共饮苹果
汁》〔劳里·李所著的一部小说，讲述20世纪20、30年代一个小男
孩在英格兰小乡村长大的故事
ci-gar /si`gar; si'ga:/n a tube-shaped roll of uncut tobacco leaves
for smoking, usually larger and more expensive than a cigarette. 
Cigars are connected in people's minds with certain famous, 
and often rich, men, e. g. Winston Churchill and Groucho Marx. 
雪茄烟〔在人们印象中，雪茄常常和某些有名望的、往往还是有钱
的男士联系在一起，如温斯顿·丘吉尔和格劳乔·马克斯〕— see
also 参见 close, but no cigar (CLOSE3)
*cig·a·rette‖also又作 -ret AmE rare【美，罕】/sige`rat;sige'ret
also 又作 fag BrE infml【英，非正式】— n a thin paper tube of
finely cut tobacco for smoking 纸烟，香烟：She lit her ciga-
rette and then stubbed it out almost immediately. 她点着一支
香烟，但随即又把它捻灭了。|a packet of cigarettes 一包香烟
an ashtray full of cigarette ends 一只装满烟头的烟灰缸
cigarette card /·· ·/ n a card bearing a picture of e. g. a car
bird etc, formerly found in cigarette packets and intended to
be collected into sets 香烟牌〔印有汽车、鸟等图片的卡片，以前
装在香烟盒内以供集齐成套〕
cigarette end /·· ，·/ also 又作 cigarette butt especially AmE
【尤美】- n the part of a cigarette that remains when you have
finished smoking it 烟头，烟蒂
cigarette hold·er /·'，. ·/n a narrow tube for holding a ciga. 
rette when smoking it 香烟烟嘴
cigarette light·er /·'·，·/ a LIGHTER` 打火机
cigarette pa. per /·. . ·/ n [C; U] (a piece of) thin paper used
in making your own cigarettes, including cigarettes contain-
ing MARJUANA, an illegal substance in Britain and the US 卷
烟纸〔用来自制香烟，包括含有大麻的香烟。大麻在英国和美国是
违禁品〕
cig·gy ^`sigi; 'sigi/ n BrE infml a cigarette【英，非正式】纸烟，香
烟：Want a ciggy?要来支烟吗？
ci-lan·tro /si`lantro; si'la:ntreu/ n [U] AmE for【美】= CORIAN-
DER
Cil·la /`sile; 'sile/ — see 参见 Cilla BLACK
C-in-C /，si in `si;, si: In 'si:/ n COMMANDER IN CHIEF 总司令
cinch /sintf; sintf/ n [S] infml【非正式】1 something done easily
容易办的事：The exam was a cinch. 考试很容易。2 something
certain to happen 必然会发生的事； It's an absolute cinch that
this horse will win the race. 这匹马会跑赢是肯定无疑的事。
Cin. cin. nat. i /sinsi`naeti; sins'naetia city in SW Ohio in the
US, next to the Ohio River, which is an important industrial
centre辛辛那提〔位于美国俄亥俄州西南部一城市，临俄亥俄河，
为重要的工业中心) — see colour map on pages A2-3 参见A2-3
页彩色地图
cinc·ture /`sinktfe;'sinktfe/n lit a belt【文】束带，腰带
cin-der /`sinde; 'sinde/ n a very small piece of burnt or partly
burnt wood, coal etc 炭渣；煤渣；炉渣；余烬：Clear out yesterday's
cinders before you make the fire. 你生火前先把昨天的炉渣清
除干净。| The cake wasburnt to a cinder . (=burnt black) 那
块饼给烤焦了
cinder block /'· ·/ n [C;U] AmE for【美】= BREEZE BLOCK
Cin-de. rel. la /sinde`rale; sinde'rele/ 1 the main character in a
FAIRY TALE called Cinderella. Cinderella is a beautiful young
woman who is treated like a servant by her cruel STEPMOTHER
and stepsisters. When PRINCE CHARMING invites all the young
women to a BALL (=a large formal party where people dance), 
Cinderella cannot go because she has only old torn clothes
Then her FAIRY GODMOTHER appears and says 'You shall go
to the ball!', and she magically changes six white mice into
horses and a PUMPKIN (=a large round yellow vegetable) into a
carriage to take her to the ball. She then magically changes
Cinderella's old clothes into a beautiful dress and gives her a
pair of glass SLIPPERS (=shoes). Cinderella goes to the ball, 
but her fairy godmother tells her that she must come home
before midnight, when the magic will stop working and her
carriage will turn back into a pumpkin. At the ball the Prince
falls in love with her and dances with her all the time and
Cinderella forgets her fairy godmother's warning. When the
clock starts to STRIKE midnight, she suddenly runs away, but
she loses one of her glass slippers. The Prince finds the slipper
and then makes every unmarried woman in the country try it
on, and he promises to marry the woman that it belongs to. 
Cinderella puts on the slipper, the slipper fits, and she marries
the prince. In the UK, the story is often performed as a PANTO-
MIME (=a humorous play for children) at Christmas. 灰姑娘
〔童话故事《灰姑娘》中的主人公，她是一位美丽的年轻女子，被继
母和继母的女儿当佣人使唤。一天，王子邀请所有的年轻女子参加
舞会，但灰姑娘因为只有一身破旧的衣服而去不成。接着仙姑出现
了，对她说，“你应该去参加舞会！”，并不可思议地把六只老鼠变成
马，把一只南瓜变成了马车载着她去参加舞会。她还神奇地把灰姑
娘的旧衣服变成美丽的礼服并给了她一双玻璃鞋。灰姑娘去参加
舞会了，但是仙姑告诉她必须在午夜之前回家，因为那时魔力将消
失，马车会变回南瓜。舞会上，王子爱上了她，一直与她共舞，灰姑
娘忘记了仙姑的忠告。午夜的钟声开始敲响，灰姑娘突然逃离舞
会，不慎遗失了一只玻璃鞋。王子找到这只鞋后让国内每一位未婚
女子都来试穿一下，并答应娶玻璃鞋的主人为妻。灰姑娘穿上了这
只鞋，正合脚，然后便嫁给了王子。在英国，该故事常在圣诞节时
以童话剧的形式上演〕 — see also 另见 The UGLY SISTERS 2
someone or something that does not get as much attention or
respect as it deserves 未得到应得的注意或敬重的人[事物]：the
British film industry. for so long the Cinderella of the cin-
ema world 英国的电影工业，长期以来电影界的灰姑娘| the
Cinderella professior of teaching未能得到足够尊重的教师职
业
cinder track /'· / n a race track covered with fine CINDERS
(=small piece of burnt wood, coal etc)煤渣跑道
cine— see参 WORD FORMATION
cin·e·ma /`sineme;'sinme/n1 [C] BrE【英】‖movie theater
AmE【美】- a theatre in which films are shown 电影院：There
is only one cinema in our town. 我们镇上只有一家电影院。 a
new eight-screen cinema complex一家有八个放映厅的综合电
影院 2 [the+S] also 又作 pictures`BrE infml【英，非正式】‖
movies especially AmE【尤美】- a showing of a film 电影放
映：Let's go to the cinema tonight. 今晚我们去看电影吧。3 [the+S]
especially BrE【尤英】‖ movies especially AmE【尤美】- the
art or industry of making films 电影艺术；电影业：He's worked
in the cinema all his life. 他毕生从事电影工作。| a leading
figure in the Italian cinema 意大利电影界数一数二的人物 -
see also 另见 BRITISH BOARD OF FILM CLASSIFICATION
cin·e·ma·to. gra. phy /，sineme`tagrefi;, sinme'togrefi/ n [U]
tech the art or science of making films【术语】电影摄影术[学]：
电影制片术[学] - -pher n
Cin-na-bon /`sineban; 'sineban/ trademark a type of CINNA-
MON ROLL sold in the US, especially at special Cinnabon shops
at MALLS and airports【商标】辛纳蒙肉桂酥饼〔尤指设在美国的
购物中心、飞机场内的辛纳蒙小吃店所出售的一种肉桂酥饼〕
0298
cin·na·mon1/`sinemen; 'sinemen/ n [U] the sweet-smelling
BARK(=outer covering) of a tropical Asian tree, used for giv-
ing a special taste to food 肉桂（树）皮，桂皮香料：a cinnamon
stick (=a stick-shaped rolled-up piece of this bark)一条桂皮
cinnamon2adj having a light yellowish-brown colour 浅黄棕
色的，肉桂色的 - cinnamonn[U]
cinnamon roll /· '/ n a small round PASTRY with a sweet
cinnamon taste. Cinnamon rolls are a popular food for break-
fast in the US. 肉桂酥饼〔美国广受喜爱的早餐食品〕
Cinque Ports, the/sink ports; 'sink po:ts/ five sea ports in SE
England (Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich)
which, until 1685， had to provide ships for the British king or
queen in order to protect the country from attack by sea 五港同
盟〔英格兰东南部的五个海港，即黑斯廷斯、罗姆尼、海斯、多佛尔
和桑威奇。1685年以前他们必须向英王提供战舰，以保卫该国不
受海上攻击〕
Cin. za. no/tfin`zano; tfin'za:neu/ trademark a type of sweet
Italian VERMOUTH, usually drunk with a MIXER (2)【商标】“辛
扎诺”苦艾酒〔一种甜味的意大利苦艾酒，一般与其他饮料调在-
起喝〕
ci. pher1, cypher /`saife; 'saife/n 1 (a system of) secret writing
CODE 密码；暗号：a message written in cipher 密码信 2 a per
son of no importance or influence 无重要性[无影响力]的人物：
He's a mere cipher in the company. 他在公司里只是个无足轻
重的人物。3 lit the number 0； zero【文】〔数字〕零 4 rare a
MONOGRAM【罕】组合文字，花押字〔用姓名、公司名等首字母组成
的图案〕
cipher2v [T] to put a message into cipher 将·译成密码，以密码
书写 — compare 比较 DECIPHER
cir·ca/`s3ke; 's3:ke/ (written abbrev. 缩写为 c. or 或 ca) prep
fml (used especially with dates 尤与日期连用) in about【正式】
大约在：He was born circa 1060 and died in 1118. 他生于
1060年前后，卒于1118年
cir. ca·di·an/s3`kedien; s3:'keidien/ adj [A] tech (especially of
changes in the body) related to a period of about 24 hours【术
语】〔尤指体内变化〕昼夜节律的，以24小时为周期的，生理节奏的
studying the circadian rhythms of unborn babie. 研究未出
生婴儿的生理节奏| Flying from San Francisco to Rome has
upset his circadian clock, so he feels as if it is the middle of
the night. 从圣弗朗西斯科到罗马的航程打乱了他的生物钟，所以
他觉得此刻仿佛是午夜时分。
Cir. ce/`s3si; 's3:si/ in CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY, a woman who
did magic and who changed people into pigs, including the
friends of Odysseus 喀耳刻〔古典神话中曾将人们，包括奥德修
斯的朋友在内，变成猪的女巫〕
*cir. cle1/`s3kl; 's3:kal/ n 1 (a flat round area enclosed by) a
curved line on which every point is equally distant from one
fixed point inside the curve 圆；圆周 2 something having the
general shape of this curve; a ring 圈；环状物：a circle of trees
of chairs 一圈树 [椅子] | children standing in a circle 站成一
圈的孩子 3 [+sing. /pl. v] also 又作 circles pl. - a group of
people connected in an informal way by common interests〔具
有共同利益或兴趣的人形成的〕圈子，··界，社会，集团：She has
a large circle of friends, 她交际范围很广。| In political circles
there is talk of war. 政界人士在谈论战争。| She move in dif-
ferent circles (=has different groups of friends) from me. 她的
活动圈子与我的有所不同。4 an upper floor in a theatre, usu
ally with seats set in curved rows 〔戏院中半圆形的〕楼座：Are
we going to sit in the circle or in the stalls?我们是坐楼座还
是正厅前排[堂座]的座位？ — see also另见 DRESS CIRCLE 5 a
process or chain of events which finishes where it began; CYCLE
周期；循环； The circle of the seasons has brought us again to
spring. 四季循环，春天又来了。| We seem to be arguing in a
circlelto be going rounc in circles. 我们的辩论似乎在绕圈子
我们好像在绕圈子。6 come full circleto go through severa
changes or developments and end up back at the starting point
兜了一圈回到原位：After several years of working in a band
he has now gone back to being a solo musician, so his career
has come full circle. 在乐队工作数年后，他现在回过头来又当
独奏乐师，可以说他的事业是兜了一个圈子。7 square the circle
to attempt something impossible 试图做不可能的事 — see also
另见 CORN CIRCLE, GREAT CIRCLE, ROUNDABOUT, VICIOUS
CIRCLE
circle2v 1 [T] to draw or form a circle around 在·上画圆圈；圈
出；围绕：The teacher circled the pupils' spelling mistakes in
red ink. 老师把学生拼写错误的地方用红笔圈出来。2 [I;T] to
move or travel in a circle (around)盘旋；环行；环绕·. 移动：The
plane circled (around) the airport before landing. 飞机着陆
前在机场上空盘旋。| a spacecraft circling the Earth 绕地球
环行的宇宙飞船 | The vultures were circling overhead. 几只
兀鹰在空中盘旋。
cir-clet/`s3klit; 's3:klat/ n a narrow round band of gold, silver, 
jewels etc, worn on the head, arms, or neck as decoration, es-
pecially formerly〔尤指旧时的〕环形饰物<手镯、项链等)
cir. cuit/`s3kit; 's3:kt/ n 1 (movement along) a curving path
that forms a complete circle round an area 环行；环行线路：We
madeldid the circuit of the old city walls. 我们围着旧城墙兜
了一个圈子。| She ran three circuits of the track. 她在跑道上
跑了三圈。| the circuit of the Earth round the sun 地球绕太阳
的运行 2(the places on) a regularly repeated journey from place
to place made by a person or group for usually professional
purposes〔通常为业务目的而进行的〕巡回旅行；巡回地区：The
iudge is on circuit for most of the year. (=visits different
courts)法官一年大部分时间都在各地巡回审判。| He retired this
year after over ten years on the tennis circuit. (=places vis-
ted by professional players for important games)他十多年来
在各地巡回比赛网球，今年终于退休了。| a well-known enter-
tainer on the night club circuit到各处夜总会巡回演出的一位
著名演艺人员 — see also 另见 CIRCUIT COURT 3 the complete
circular path of an electric current 电路，回路，线路：A break in
the circuit had caused the lights to go out. 电路断路使灯光都
熄灭了。| a circuit diagram 电路图 — see also 另见 CLOSED
CIRCUIT TELEVISION, PRINTED CIRCUIT, SHORT CIRCUIT 4 a
group of establishments offering the same films, plays etc〔轮
流演出同一电影、戏剧等的〕联号剧场[影院]；轮映系统：院线
circuit board/'··/ n [C] a set of connections between points
on a piece of electrical equipment which uses a thin line of
metal to CONDUCT (=carry) the electricity; PRINTED CIRCUIT
电路板，印刷电路
circuit break·er/'·, ·/ n tech a SWITCH or other apparatus
which interrupts an electric current if this becomes necessary, 
e. g. for safety reasons【术语】（电流）断路器
circuit court/'. , / n a court that is held regularly at several
places outside the country's main city, only at particular times
of the year, when a judge visits it 巡回法院
cir. cu. i. tous/s3`kjuites; s3:'kju:tes/ adj fml going a long way
round instead of in a straight line; not direct【正式】迂回的；绕
道的；间接的； the river's circuitous course 迂回的河道 | a cir-
cuitous route 迂回的路线 — ~ly adv
cir. cuit. ry/`s3kitri; 's3:ktri/n [U] a system of electrical cir-
cuits电路，电路系统
circuit train·ing/'··/ n [U] BrE several different exercises
done quickly after each other, in order to make you able to do
sport better【英】循环训练〔指快速进行数种有难度项目的锻炼，以
增进运动机能)
*cir. cu. lar1/`s3kjele;'s3:kle/ adj1 round and usually flat;
shaped like a circle 圆 （形）的：a circular table 圆桌 2 forming
or moving in a circle 环形的；环行的；循环的：a circular bus
route 环行公共汽车线路 | (fig. 喻) a circular argumen that
doesn't lead anywhere 得不出结果的循环论证
circular2n a printed advertisement, paper, or notice given or
sent to a large number of people for them to read 通知；通告；传
单；传阅的文件：There were only bills and circulars in the
post this morning. 今天早晨的邮件只是些广告和传单。
cir·cu·lar·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`s3kjele, raiz; 's3:kjleraiz/
v[T] to send circulars to (a group of people)给··发通知[传单
等]；传阅〔文件等〕
circular saw/·. / n a SAW2 which cuts with sharp teeth on a
round metal blade and is driven by a motor 〔电动)圆锯 - com-
pare 比较 CHAIN SAW
cir·cu·late/`s3kjelet; 's3:kjleit/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) move
or flow around in a closed system, always remaining within
that system （使） 循环；（使） 流通：Blood circulates through the
body. 血液在体内循环。| Money circulates in the economy. 
货币在经济领域中流通。2 [I;T]to (cause to) spread widely;
DISSEMINATE （使） 流传；传播；散布：The news of the enemy's
defeat quickly circulated round the town. 敌人惨败的消息很
快地传遍全城。| A lot of false information has been circulated. 
许多流言飞语散布开了。| Rumours of a military coup began
to circulate. 要发动军事政变的谣言开始流传开来。3 [I] to move
from person to person, especially at a social gathering; MINGLE
〔尤指在社交聚会上〕到处走动，来回周旋；混合：He circulated
at the party, talking to lots of people. 他在聚会上来回周旋，和
许多人谈了话。- -latory /`s3kjele, tori;s3:kj'leiteri/ adj
circulating cap. i·tal/·. ·/n [U] — see 参见 FLOATING CAPI
TAL
cir·cu·la·tion/s3kje`lefen;s3:kj'leifan/ n 1 [C; U] the flow
of gas or liquid around a closed system, especially the move-
ment of blood through the body 〔气体、液体的〕环流；〔尤指血液
的)循环：Bad circulation makes you feel cold, 血液循环不畅
0299
会使人发冷。2 [U] the movement of something, such as news
or money, from place to place or from person to person〔货币
等的〕流通：〔消息等的〕传播：the circulation of rumours 谣言
的传播 | The government has reduced the number of ￡5 notes
in circulation, 政府已经减少了面额为5英镑的钞票的流通额。
These ideas have been in circulation for some time. 这些想法
已经流行了一段时间。|She's out of circulation (=not taking
bart in social life) at the moment because she's working for
her exams. 她因为在准备考试，眼下不参加社交活动了。3 [S] the
average number of copies of a newspaper, magazine etc that
are regularly sold 〔报刊等的)发行量，销售量：This magazine has
a large circulation/a circulation of 400, 000. 这本杂志发行量
很大[发行量达40万份]。| Our circulation will fall if we in-
crease the price to 45p. 如果我们把价格提高到45便士，发行
量就会下降。| a mass-circulation newspaper (=read by a large
number of people)发行量很大的报纸
circum- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
cir·cum·cise /`s3·kem saiz; 's3:kemsaiz/ v [T] 1 to cut off the
skin at the end of the sex organ (=the FORESKIN) of (a male)割
去〔男性的〕包皮；对··行割礼 2 to cut off the CLITORIS of (a
female)割除〔女性的〕阴蒂
cir·cum·ci·sion /s3·kem`si3en;s3:kem'si3an/n [C; U] the act
of circumcising, especially of a baby boy, especially as part of
a Jewish or Muslim religious ceremony, or because it is be-
lieyed to be wise for health reasons〔犹太教、伊斯兰教为男婴
施行的〕割礼；（包皮）环割术
cir-cum·fer·ence /sa`kvmferens; se'kvmfarens/n1 [C; U] the
length round the outside of a circle; distance round a round
object 圆周；周长； the circumference of a wheellof the Earth
车轮[地球]的周长| It is 3 metres in circumference. 这东西的
圆周长为3米。2 [(the) S(of)] the line round the outside edge
of a figure, object, or place of any shape; PERIPHERY 周线，周
界：〔任何形状物体的〕周边的长度；周围的距离 - -ential /sa-
kvmfe`renfel; se kvmfe'renfel/ adj
cir·cum·flex /`s3·kem flcks: 's3:kemfleks/ adj [A] (of an AC. 
CENT'(3) put above a letter to show pronunciation) being the
mark overé（标）有音调符号的；字母e上的·符号的 - com
pare 比较 ACUTE(6), GRAVE3
cir·cum·lo·cu·tion /s3kemlo`kjufen;, s3:kemle'kju:fan/n[C:
U] fml (an example of) the use of an unnecessarily large num
ber of words to express an idea, especially when trying to avoid
answering a difficult question directly【正式】冗长啰唆的话：婉
转曲折[迂回]的说法；遁词--tory /-`lakje, tori;-'lnkjeteri/
adj
cir·cum·nav·i·gate /s3kem`naeveget;s3:kem'naevgeit/v[T]
fml to sail completely round (the Earth, an island etc)【正式】环
绕〔地球、岛屿等〕航行- -gation/, s3kemnaeve`gefen;, s3:kem-
naev'geifan/n [C;U]
cir·cum·scribe /s3kem`skraib; 's3:kemskraib/v[T] 1 [often
pass. 常用被动语态] fml to keep within narrow limits; RESTRICT
【正式】限制，约束：His activities have been severely circum-
scribed since his illness. 自从患病以后，他的活动受到了严格
的限制。2 tech to draw a line round【术语】在··周围画线：to
circumscribe a square by drawing a circle round it 在正方形
周围画一外接圆--scription /s3kem`skripfen;s3:kem'skripfen
n[U]
cir. cum·spect /`s3kem spekt; 's3:kemspekt/ adj (of a persor
or an action)acting or done after careful thought:CAUTIOUS
(人或行动〕考虑周到的；小心谨慎的：I'm surprised he got mar-
ried in such a hurry - he's usually pretty circumspect. 他这
样匆匆忙忙就结了婚，我感到吃惊——他通常是相当慎重的啊！—
~ly ady --spection /s3kem`spEkfen;s3:kem'spekfan/ n [U]
cir·cum·stance /`s3·kem, staens; 's3:kemstaens/n 1 [C usually
l. 一般用复数] a fact, condition, or event concerned with and
influencing another event, person, or course of action 情形；条
件；情况；状况，境况：We can't judge what he did until we know
all the circumstances. 直到了解了全部情况，我们才能对他的所
作所为作出判断。| This rule can only be waived in exceptional
circumstances, 这条规定只有在特殊情况下才能撤销。| The
level of the fine depends on the circumstances of the case. 罚
款多少要依案件的具体情况而定。| They have been living in re-
duced circumstances (=with very little money) since she lost
her job. 自从她失业以来, 他们一直过着经济拮据的生活。2[U]
the combination of facts, conditions, or events that influence
your action, regarded as being outside your control 环境；境遇：
Force of circumstance compelled us to close the business. 环
境的压力迫使我们把公司关闭了。| a victim of circumstance
环境的受害者 3 [U] formal and usually official ceremony 礼
仪；隆重仪式：the pomp and circumstance of a royal wed-
ding 皇室婚礼的盛大场面 4in/under no circumstances never
whatever happens 决不，无论如何都不：Under no circumstances
must you leave the house. 你无论如何也不能离开这屋子。5 in/
under the circumstances considering the situation at a par-
ticular time 在这种情况下；既然这样：I wanted to leave but then
my uncle died, so under the circumstances I decided to stay. 
我本想离开的，但正遇上伯父去世，这样我就决定留下来了。|The
result was the best that could be expected in the circumstances
这是在那种情况下可以期待的最好的结果
cir·cum·stan·tial /，s3·kem`staenfel;, s3:kem'staenfel/ adj1 (of
information, especially concerning a crime) based on or deal-
ing with related circumstances, but not really proving anything
INCIDENTAL〔尤指与罪案有关的情报、消息〕按照情况推测的，看
情形的，视状况而定的；次要的；偶然的：You can't convict him
merely on circumstantial evidence, 单凭间接推测的证据是不
能定他有罪的。2 fml (of a description) containing all the details
【正式】〔叙述〕详尽的：a circumstantial account of the visit 关
于这次出访的详细叙述 — ~ly adv
cir·cum·vent /s3kem`vent;, s3:kem'vent/ v [T] to avoid or
defeat (as if) by passing round, especially as the result of clev-
erness 绕过；巧妙地规避；设法回避：The company opened an
office abroad in order to circumvent the tax laws. 公司在国
外开设了一个办事处，以避开（本国的）税法。--vention/-`vanfen;
-'venfan/ n [U]
cir. cus /`s3-kes; 's3:kes/ n 1 (a performance by) a travelling group
of people and animals who entertain the public with acts of
skill and daring. Circuses are generally considered to be enter-
tainment for children. They include performances by CLOWNS
and wild animals such as lions, tigers, and elephants. The RING-
MASTER introduces all the acts. A circus will usually stay in an
area for a few days and then move on to another town. 马戏团
马戏（表演）〔一般认为这是孩子的娱乐活动，包括小丑表演和狮
子，老虎，大象等野兽的表演。所有节目由马戏团领班介绍。他们
通常在一个地区逗留数日，然后继续转到另一个城镇〕2 the place. 
usually covered with a tent, where this performance takes place. 
with seats round a ring in the middle 马戏场 3 BrE a round
open area where a number of streets join together【英】〔由几条
街交汇形成的〕圆形广场，圆形交叉路口：Oxford Circus 牛津广
场 4 derog a noisy badly behaved meeting etc【贬】乱哄哄的聚
会[热闹场面]5(in ancient Rome) a space surrounded by seats
for the public in which fights, races etc took place(古罗马的)
圆形竞技场
cirque /s3k; s3:k/ n tech a steep-sided bowl-shaped hollow on
a mountain side, originally formed by ice【术语】冰围地，冰斗
〔由天然冰在山凹形成的圆形洼地〕
cir-rho·sis /si`rosis: s'reusds/ n [U] med a very serious disease
of the LIVER, which often leads to death. Cirrhosis of the liver
is often caused by drinking too much alcohol. 【医】肝硬化（症）
〔常由于饮酒过量引起〕
cir-rus /`sires; 'sires/ n [U] light feathery white cloud very high
up 卷云 — compare 比较 CUMULUS, NIMBUS (1)
Cirrus trademark a type of service that allows people to get
money from their bank account by using any of the CASH MA
CHINES that have a Cirrus sign on them. Cirrus is used by banks
in many different countries. 【商标】“西鲁斯”自动提款机联网工
程〔指允许人们在有“西鲁斯”标志的任何一台自动提款机提款的
服务，为许多国家的银行所采用〕
cis·sy /`sisi; 'sisi/ n, adj SISSY 娘娘腔的 （男子）
Cis. ter. cian /si`st3fen; s'st3:fan/ n a MONK (=member of an
all-male Christian religious group) belonging to a group that
started in France in 1098. The Cistercians follow the rules of
St BENEDICT, which include little sleep, hard work, and not
eating, but they do this even more strictly than the Benedictines. 
西多会修士〔属于1098年创建于法国的一个团体，奉行本笃会教
规，包括少睡觉、勤劳和禁食，但他们做起来要比本笃会修士更严
格) - Cistercian adj: a Cistercian monastery 一座西多会修
道院
cis·tern /`siston; 'sisten/ n a container with a pipe leading in
and out, used for storing water, especially for a TOILET 贮水槽：
〔尤指抽水马桶的〕水箱
cit·a-del /`sitedl; 'sitedal/ n 1 a strong heavily armed fort, usu-
ally in, near, or above a city, built to be a last place of safety
and defence in time of war 城堡；要塞；堡垒；最后的靠山2 fml
or lit a place where something is kept safe or kept in existence;
STRONGHOLD【正式或文】保卫··的地方；有保障的地方：the last
citadel of freedom 自由的最后堡垒
ci·ta. tion /sai`tefen; sai'teifan/ n 1 [C (for)] an official state
ment concerning a person's qualities or actions, especially bray-
ery in battle〔尤指对作战英勇者的〕传令嘉奖；嘉奖状 2 [C] a
short passage taken from something written or spoken; QUO
TATION 引文，引句，引语 3 [U] the act of citing or being cited
0300
引证，引用
cite /sait; sait/ v [T] 1 to mention, especially as an example in a
statement, argument etc; QUOTE 引用，援引，引证，做例证：The
minister cited the latest crime figures as proof of the need for
more police. 部长引用最近的刑事案件数字，作为需要增加警力
的佐证。2 to call (someone) to appear before a court of law;
give a SUMMONS to 传唤；传讯〔到法院)：He was cited in a
divorce case. 他在一场离婚官司中受到传唤。3[(for)]fml to
mention as worthy of praise; COMMEND【正式】嘉奖；表扬：cited
for bravery in an official report因表现勇敢而在一份官方报告
中受到表扬
Cit-i-bank /sitibaenk; 'sitibaenk/ trademark a very large US bank
with branches in many countries and its main offices in New
York City【商标】花旗银行〔一大型美国银行，在许多国家设有分
行，总部设在纽约市〕
cit. i. zen /sitezn; 'sitzan/ n 1 a person who lives in a particula
city or town, especially one who has voting or other rights there
〔尤指享有选举权或其他权利的〕市民，城镇居民 2 a person who
belongs to a particular country by birth or by being naturalized
(NATURALIZE), who gives loyalty to it, and expects protection
from it, whether or not he/she actually lives there 公民，国民
She's a British citizen but lives in India. 她是英国公民，但居
住在印度。| She became a US citizen after living there for
several years. 她在美国住了几年后，成了美国公民。 — compare 
比较 ALIEN2 (2)， NATIONAL2, SUBJECT' (5)； see also 另见 CITI
ZENSHIP
Citizen Kane /sitizn `ken; sitzan 'kein/ a famous US film
made in 1941 by Orson WELLES, and thought by some people
to be the greatest film ever made. It tells the story of the life of
a very rich businessman who owned several important
newspapers. Orson Welles was the DIRECTOR, writer, and main
actor in the film. 《公民凯恩》〔奥森·韦尔斯于 1941年摄制的-
部著名的美国影片，有人认为这是有史以来最杰出的电影，讲述一
位拥有数家有影响力报纸的富商的生活。奥森·韦尔斯是该片的导
演、作者兼主角〕
cit·i·zen·ry /`siteznri; 'sitzanri/ n [U+sing. /pl. v] old use all
the citizens in a place【旧】全体公民[市民]
Citizens Ad·vice Bu·reau, the /，··'· ·，/ also 又作 CAB
abbrev. 缩写 a British organization supported by the govern-
ment which gives free advice to ordinary people about legal, 
financial, and other problems. Most towns and cities in the
UK have a Citizens Advice Bureau, and most of the people
who work for it are VOLUNTEERS (=they are not paid for their
work). 市民咨询处，公民来访接待处〔英国一由政府资助的机构，
向公众免费提供法律、财政和其他方面的咨询。英国的许多城镇都
设有该机构，其服务人员大都为志愿人士〕
citizen's ar·rest /· ·'·/ n an act by someone who is not a po-
lice officer of arresting (ARREST) a person who has done some-
thing illegal 公民（对罪犯）采取的逮捕行动：Peter clapped his
hand on the man's shoulder and said \"I am making a citizen's
arrest. ”彼得拍了一下那个男人的肩，说：“我正在实行公民对罪犯
的逮捕行动。’
Cit·i·zens' Band /，·`/n[U] — see 参见 CB
Citizens' Char-ter, the /，. . '·/ a statement by John Major's
Conservative government of the standards of service which
the public has a right to expect from British government de-
partments and organizations《公民宪章》〔即约翰·梅杰的保守党
政府所作的声明，有关公众有权从英国政府部门和政府机构获得的
服务标准〕
cit·i·zen·ship /`sitezn fip; 'sitzanfip/ n [U] the rights of a
citizen; state of being a citizen 公民 [市民]权利；公民[市民]身
份：After eight years in the country he applied for citizenship
他在该国居住八年之后，申请了公民资格。|Canadian citizen
ship 加拿大公民权
cit-ric ac·id /sitrik `aesid;sitrik 'aesd/ n [U] a weak acid ob
tained from the juice of some fruits, especially LEMON and LIME
juice 柠檬酸
Cit·ro·en /sitro`en; 'sitreuen/ trademark a French company that
makes cars, or a car made by this company【商标】〔法国〕雪铁
龙汽车公司；雪铁龙汽车 — see also另见 DEUX-CHEVAUX, 2cv
cit-ron /`sitren; 'sitren/ n 1 [C] a pale yellow thick-skinned fruit
like a LEMON 香橼，枸橼 2 [U] the preserved skin of this fruit, 
used for giving a special taste to cakes 香橼皮蜜饯〔做蛋糕用的
调味料〕
cit-ro·nel. la /sitre`nle;sitre'nele/ n [U] a plant similar to grass
which is used to produce citronella oil, which smells of LEM-
ONS and is used to keep insects away 亚香茅〔以此制造出带有
柠檬味的香茅油，可用于驱虫
cit·rus' /`sitres; 'sitres/ also 又作 citrus tree /'· ·/ — n any of
several types of prickly trees of the orange family grown in
warm countries for their juicy fruit 柑橘属果树
citrus2, citrous adj [A] of citrus trees and their fruit 柑橘属果树
[果实]的：citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and limes 诸
如橙子、柠檬和酸橙之类的柑橘属水果
*cit. y /`siti; 'siti/ n 1 a large group of houses and other buildings
where people live and work, usually having a centre of enter-
tainment and business activity. It is usually larger and more
important than a town, and in Britain it usually has a
CATHEDRAL. 市，城市，都市：an office in the city centre 在市中
心的办事处 | the city of St Albans 圣奥尔本斯市 | Paris is the
capital city of France. 巴黎是法国的首都。 — compare 比较
TOWN, VILLAGE 2 [+sing. /pl. v] all the people who live in a
city 全市居民：a city living in fear 生活在恐惧中的市民 — see
also 另见 GARDEN CITY, INNER CITY 3. city spoken used in
order to say that there is a lot or too much of a particular thing
in a particular place or situation, or that a situation or place
makes you feel something strongly【口】··（太）多的境地；〔强烈
感到〕··的情形[地方]：I can't believe it. It's been sun city all
week, and now it rains on our wedding day. 我真不敢相信，整
个星期都阳光普照，可现在我们要举行婚礼了，就偏偏下起了雨。
It was heartbreak city -- I cried all night. 真令人伤心啊
我哭了一整夜
City, the also 又作 the City of London /，· · '·/ n BrE an area in
central London where there are many large banks and finan-
cial organizations, including The BANK OF ENGLAND and The
STOCK EXCHANGE. The City has an area of about one square
mile (about 2. 5 square kilometres), and it is sometimes called
the Square Mile', especially in newspapers. Not many people
live there but many people travel there each day to work. Its
name is sometimes used to mean the people who work there
and make important financial decisions. There is a similar area
in New York City called WALL STREET. 【英】伦敦商业区；伦敦
城〔指伦敦的中心区域，那里有英格兰银行、证券交易所等许多大
型银行和金融机构，占地约1平方英里（约2. 5平方千米），尤其在
报纸上有时被称为“平方英里城”。那里的居民不多，但每天有许
多人去那里上班。该名称有时指在那里上班并作出重要金融决策
的人。纽约市内有一个类似的区域，称“华尔街”)：The City is op
timistic about the outlook for inflation. 伦敦城对于通货膨胀
的看法持乐观态度。| a firm of City stockbrokers 一家伦敦商
业区的证券经纪人公司
city desk /'·/ n AmE a department within a newspaper which
deals with local news (=news of the city in which the newspa-
per is produced) rather than national or international news【美】
〔报社的〕本地新闻部：Lou Grant ran the city desk for the
Herald. 卢·格兰特负责《先驱报》的本地新闻部
city-dwel-ler /'··/ n a person who lives in a city 城市居民，城
里人
city fa·ther /. ·'. ·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] pomp, especially
AmE a member of the governing body of a city【夸张，尤美】市
政府官员；市议员
city gent /，· '/ n BrE a man who wears a dark or pinstripe suit
to his job in the business or government institutions of central
London. When people think of city gents they have in their
minds a picture of a man wearing a BOWLER HAT and carrying
a black UMBRELLA, even though few people look like this today. 
【英】城市绅士〔指身穿黑色或细条纹套装，在伦敦中心区的商业机
构或政府机构上班的男士。人们心目中城市绅士的形象是头戴圆
顶黑色礼帽，手持黑色雨伞，但这种打扮现在已很少见到了〕
city hall /· / n [C; U] especially AmE (a public building used
for) a city's local government【尤美】市政府（大楼） — compare
比较TOWN HALL
City of Bir·ming-ham Sym-pho-ny Or-ches·tra, the/·
, · '··. ·/ abbrev. 缩写为 CBSO a British ORCHESTRA (=a large
group of musicians) based in Birmingham. For many years, its
CONDUCTOR was Sir Simon RATTLE. 伯明翰市立交响乐团〔英
国一交响乐团，总部设在伯明翰，多年来，其指挥为西蒙·拉特尔〕
City of Da·vid, the /·'·/ a name for JERUSALEM, used in the
Bible 大卫城〔指耶路撒冷，用于《圣经》中〕
city slick-er /，· '·/ n sometimes derog a person who lives and
works in a city and has no experience of (the hardships of)
country life【有时贬】对农村生活（的艰难）毫无体验的城市居民：
city slicker. hitting the holiday trail to a workin, ranc假期
出发去大牧场劳动的城里人
city-state // n (especially in former times) a city which, 
with the surrounding country area, forms an independent state
〔尤指旧时的)城邦：Athens was one of the city-states of ancient
Greece. 雅典曾是古希腊诸城邦之一。 — compare 比较 NATION
STATE
civ·et /`sivit; 'siv|t/ n 1 [C] also 又作 civet cat /'· ，·/ - a small
catlike animal of Asia and Africa 〔产于亚洲和非洲的〕灵猫，麝
0301
香猫 2 [U] a strong-smelling liquid obtained from a civet and
used in making PERFUME〔可作香料的〕灵猫香，麝猫香
civ-ic/`sivik; 'sivik/ adj [A] of a city or its citizens 城市的；市民
的；公民的：The President's visit was the most important civic
event of the year. 总统的访问是该市一年里最重要的大事。
civic duties/pride 公民的义务；公民的自豪感
civic cen. tre/, · ·/ n an area in a town where there is a planned
group of public buildings, e. g. local government offices, thea-
tres etc 市中心〔指城镇中建有地方政府办公室、戏院等经过规划
的公共建筑群的区域)
civic du. ty/, · '·/ n any of the things which a citizen is
pected to do, e. g. helping a police officer who asks for help公
民义务
civic-mind. ed/, ··/ adj AmE favouring or supporting the
interests of the COMMUNITY【美】关心公益的；热心公民事务的：
No civic-minded person would leave a wreck like that in their
front yard. 没有一个关心公益的人会把那样一个破东西放在自己
的前院里。
civ. ics/`siviks; 'siviks/ n [U] a social science dealing with the
rights and duties of citizens, the way government works etc公
民（学）科；市政学
civ·jes/^`sivIz;'sIviz/ n [P] CIVVIES〔与军服相对的〕便服
civ. il/`siv]; 'sival/ adj 1 [A no comp. 无比较级] of, belonging
to, or consisting of the ordinary population of citizens; not
military or religious 公民的，平民的：非军事的；非宗教的：国民
间的；民用的：We were married in a civil ceremony, not in church
我们结婚采用了非宗教仪式，没有去教堂举行婚礼。|civil strife
unrest/disorder (=fighting between citizens)民间冲突[骚乱]
civil aviation (aircraft for ordinary citizens. rather than mili-
tary aircraft)民航 — compare 比较 CIVILIAN 2 [A no comp. 无
比较级]belonging to, or judged under, CIVIL LAW 民事的；根据
民法的：It was a civil case so he was not sent to prison. 这是
民事案件，因此他没有被判处监禁。| a civil offence 触犯民法
 — compare 比较 CRIMINAL'(1, 2) 3 polite enough to be
acceptable, though without being friendly; COURTEOUS 文明
的；有礼貌的；客气的；郑重的：Try to be civil to her, even if you
don't like her. 你即使不喜欢她，也要对她礼貌点。| Keep a civil
tongue in your head!(=stop speaking rudely!)讲话要文明
点！| That's very civil of you. (=that's very kind of you. )您真
是个好心人。 — see also 另见 CIVILLY
civil a. vi. a. tion/, ···/n [U] the operation of aircraft for any. 
thing except military purposes 民航，民用航空：Civil aviation
has been suspended within 100 miles of the war zone. 战区
100英里范围内的民航均已暂停
Civil Aviation Au·thor·i·ty, the/·····/ abbrey, 缩写
CAA a British organization that controls the operation of the
air travel industry, especially by making safety rules and di-
recting the traffic of planes in the UK. There is a similar or gan
ization in the US called FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. 
(英国)民用航空局〔美国的一个类似机构称“联邦航空局”〕
civil de. fence/, ·. '/ n [U] the protection of the ordinary popu-
lation of a country against military attack by an enemy, espe
cially from the air〔尤指预防空袭等的〕民防
civil dis. o. be. di·ence/, · ·'·/ n [U] refusal to obey laws that
you think are unjust, especially in a non-violent way that you
hope will force the government to change its position. Henry
David Thoreau wrote an ESSAY called Civil Disobedience in
the mid-19th century from where many of the ideas about and
reasons for this practice come. One of the most famous ex-
amples of civil disobedience was the action taken by Mahatma
Gandhi in India in the early 1920s. 非暴力反抗，不合作主义〔尤
指用非暴力手段拒绝遵守自己认为不公正的法令，希望这样能迫使
政府改变立场。亨利·戴维·梭罗曾在19世纪中期写过一篇题为
《论公民的不服从》的文章，许多关于非暴力抵抗的观点以及为什
么要进行非暴力抵抗的理由都源自于此文。最著名的非暴力抵抗
例证之一是圣雄甘地于20世纪20年代早期在印度发起的运动)
civil en. gi. neer. ing/. ·/n [U] the planning, building, and
repair of public works, such as roads, bridges, large public
buildings etc 土木工程 - civil engineer n
ci. vilian/se`viljen; s'vilien/ n, adj (a person) not of the armed
forces 平民，文职人员；非军职的，平民的；文职（人员）的； a re-
turn to civilian government after years of military rule 经多
年军事统治后恢复文官政府| civilian clothes 便服| the shoot-
ing of innocent civilians 开枪射击无辜平民 — compare 比较
CIVIL(1)
ci. vil. i. ty/se`viletr; s'vilati/ n [C; U] (an act of) politeness and
good manners 礼貌，客气；彬彬有礼的行为：He greeted us with
civility. 他很有礼貌地迎接我们。| We exchanged a few civilities. 
(=polite remarks)我们互相有礼貌地交谈了几句。
*civ·i·li·za·tion| also 又作 -sation BrE【英】/，sivle`zefen;sivel
ai'zeifan/ n 1 [U](the people or countries that have reached)
an advanced stage of human development marked by a high
level of art, religion, science, and social and political organi-
zation 文明；文明国家[人民]； the benefits of modern civiliza-
tion 现代文明带来的好处 | a danger that threatens the whole
of civilization 威胁整个人类文明的危险 — compare 比较 CUL-
TURE 2 [C] a civilized society of a particular time or place文
明社会：the civilization of ancient China 古代中国的文明社会
3 [U] infml life in a place which has all the comforts of the
modern world【非正式】现代文明生活：When we get down this
mountain and back to civilization, I want a hot bath! 当我们
下了这座山回到文明生活的时候，我要先洗个热水澡！4[U]the
process of civilizing or of being civilized 开化，教化 5 the end
of civilization as we know itthe end of the world. This phrase
is used, not too seriously, especially in films and books about
situations in which the Earth is in great danger. 人类文明的结
束，世界末日〔该短语尤用于讲述地球正面临巨大威胁的书和影片
中，语气不是很严肃)：Will these aliens invade? Could this
mean the end of civilization as we know it? 这些外星人会入侵
地球吗？这是不是就意味着人类文明要结束了？
civ·i·lizealso 又作 -lise BrE【英】/`sivl aiz; 'sivalaiz/ ν [T] 1 to
bring from a lower stage of development to a highly devel-
oped stage of social organization 使文明，使开化：The Romans
hoped to civilize all the tribes of ancient Europe. 罗马人曾希
望教化古代欧洲各部族。2 to cause to improve in habits and
manners 使有教养；使文雅：the teacher's civilizing influence
on her young pupils 老师对其小学生所产生的文雅的影响
civ·i·lizedalso 又作 -lised BrE【英】/`sivl, aizd; 'sivelaizd/ adj1
[no comp. 无比较级] having a highly developed social
organization; in a state of civilization 文明的，开化的：The
dictator's terrible crimes will be condemned by all civilized
nations. 该独裁者骇人听闻的罪行将受到一切文明国家的谴责，
2 pleasant, charming, and without roughness of manner or style
令人愉快的；有教养的；文雅的：a very civilized person 一位很
有教养的人| We spent a rather civilized evening in a quiet
little wine bar. 我们在一个安静的小酒吧里度过了一个颇具雅趣
的晚上。
civil law/· ·/ n [U] 1 the body of law concerned with judging
private quarrels between people and dealing with the rights of
private citizens, rather than with criminal or military cases 民
法，民事法 2 also 又作 Roman Law - the body of law be-
longing to ancient Rome and the modern systems of law based
upon it 罗马法 3 the law of a particular state as opposed to
other kinds of law, such as international law〔与国际法相对的〕
国内法 — compare 比较 CANON LAW, COMMON LAW, CRIMI-
NAL LAW
civil lib·er·ty/, · '·/ also 又作 civil liberties pl. - n [U] free-
dom of opinion, thought, speech, action etc, so long as this
does not harm other people 公民自由〔指以不损害他人为限的
思想、言论、行动等方面的自由〕 — compare 比较 CIVIL RIGHTS
civil list/'· ·/ n [the+S] (in Britain) the sum of money voted
yearly by Parliament to the King or Queen as head of state
and to certain other related people〔英国议会每年批给王室的)
王室费
civ. il-ly/`siv]i; 'sivali/ adv 1 politely; in a civil way 彬彬有礼
地；客气地：If you can't behave civilly you'd better leave. 你
要是无法表现得举止有礼，那就最好离开。2 in accordance with
CIVIL LAW 根据民法，民事上
civil mar-riage/'. . ·/n (in law) a marriage performed by some-
one who is not a priest(法律上)〔由非神职人员主婚的〕民事婚
姻，公证结婚
civil par-ish/, · '·/ n a PARISH (2)地方行政区〔行政上最小的单
位〕
civil rights/·/ n [P] the non-political rights of freedom, equal. 
ity etc which belong to a citizen without regard to race, religion, 
colour, sex etc 民权，公民权：Do blacks and whites have the
same civil rights in your country?贵国的黑人和白人享有同样
的公民权吗？| equal civil rights for men and women 男女平
等享有的公民权 — compare 比较CIVIL LIBERTY;see also另见
BILL OF RIGHTS
Civil Rights Act of 1964， the/, sivl raits aekt ev naintin siksti
`for; sival, raits aekt ev, nainti:n siksti 'fo:/ a US law which
says that businesses must treat people equally whatever their
colour or religion, and that they cannot refuse to employ some-
one because of their colour. This law also says that restaurants
and hotels cannot refuse to serve someone because of their
colour. During the 1960s many white people, especially in the
south, disliked this law and often ignored it. People in the US
remember news reports about black people going to restau-
rants which previously only served white people, and that this
0302
caused anger among white RACISTS and sometimes led to
violence. 《1964年公民权利法案》〔美国一法律，规定工商企业必
须平等待人而不管他们的肤色或宗教信仰，不得以肤色为理由拒绝
雇用员工。该法案还规定，餐厅、旅馆不得以肤色为理由拒绝为客
人提供服务。20世纪60年代，许多白人，尤其是南方的白人不喜
欢该法案, 并常常不加理会。美国人还记得黑人走进以前只为白人
服务的餐厅的新闻，以及由此引起白人种族主义者愤恨而有时导致
暴力冲突的报道〕
civil rights move·ment, the /. ，. / in the US, the attempt
from 1954 onwards to get equal rights for black people, and
people of any race or colour, through non-violent actions, was
led especially by Dr Martin Luther King, Jr. Several cases in-
volving civil rights went to the US Supreme Court; the most
important was BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA. 
In 1964 a Civil Rights Act was passed making unequal treat-
ment of races illegal, and in 1965， the government banned (BAN)
the last tests and restrictions which some states had used to
stop black people from voting; this gave all adults the right to
vote, regardless of colour. 民权运动〔在美国，自1954年以来
尤其是由马丁·路德·金领导的通过非暴力运动为黑人以及各种族. 
各肤色的人民争取平等权利的尝试。几起涉及民权的案例曾上诉
到美国最高法院，其中最有影响力的是布朗诉托皮卡教育局案。
1964年通过的一项《公民权利法案》使不公平对待各种族人民成为
非法。1965年政府取消了曾被某些州用来阻止黑人民众参加投票
的最后规定和限制，这使所有成年人，不论其肤色都有选举权〕—
see also 另见 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964， JIM CROW, Martin
Luther KING, Cultural Note at SOUTH(1)文化注释
civil ser·vant /·'·/ n a person employed in the CIVIL SERVICE
文职人员，公务员 — see 参见 OFFICER(USAGE)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK, the STEREO
TYPE of a civil servant is a boring man who wears a darl
formal suit. He typically pays too much attention to smal
unimportant rules in order to seem very official, and people
think that he actually does not do much useful work. 在英
国, 公务员的典型形象是穿深色正规套装的乏味男子, 总是关
心琐碎的规章制度以让人看上去很官派，人们认为他实际上
没做多少有用的工作
civil ser·vice, the /，· `·/ n (often caps. 常用大写) 1 all the
various departments of the British and US national govern-
ments except the armed forces, law courts, and religious
organizations. In Britain, people enter the civil service by tak-
ing examinations in competition with other people. Civil ser
vants are not allowed to take any active part in politics. They
do not change when the government changes. In the US, most
people enter through examinations, but some people receive
civil service posts as a reward for political services, and so the
holders of these posts change depending on which party forms
the government. 〔军队、宗教团体、法院除外的〕政府文职机构，公
职〔在英国，人们通过考试选拔后才能担任公职。公务员不得积极
参加任何政治活动，不随政府改变而变动。在美国，多数人都通过
考试才担任公职，但有些人则是由于在政治活动中的表现而获得公
职作为嘉奖，因而这些职位的变动取决于政府是由哪一个政党组成
的)：She works in the civil service. 她在政府文职机关工作。2
[+sing. /pl. v] all the people who are employed in these depart-
ments 全体公务员，文职人员：The civil service get/gets longer
holidays than we do. 公务员的假期比我们的长。
civil war /，· '·/ n 1 [C; U] (a) war between opposing groups of
people from the same country, fought within that country内
战：Civil war broke out after the President's death. 总统去世
后内战爆发了。| The country is now in a state of civil war. 该
国目前正处于内战状态。2 [the] also 又作 American Civil War. 
the War Between the States a war (1861-1865) between the
American North and South, which began when 11 southern
states rebelled (=opposed and fought) against the US Federal
government. These rebel states formed a separate government
called the CONFEDERACY, and together tried to secede
(=separate)from the UNION(=the US). The northern states (also
11 in number at that time), under the US government, formed
the Union army and fought to keep the South. The war was
caused mainly by the disagreement over slavery(=owning
slaves). The South's economy depended on slavery and
farming, while the North depended on industry and Northern-
ers wanted an end to slavery. As new states in the West were
joining the US, members of CONGRESS had argued over whether
the new states should be allowed to have slavery, and whether
the government should be allowed to forbid it. The disagree-
ment over the balance of power between the Federal (=central)
government and state governments was a bitter one. When
President LINCOLN was elected, the southern states feared that
he would abolish (=forbid) slavery altogether, so they seceded
from the Union. The Confederacy's president was Jefferson
DAVIS, and its army was led by Robert E. LEE. The Union, or
Yankees, under Lincoln, fought under the command of Ulysses
S. GRANT. The South won many battles, and Lee was much
admired for his military excellence, but the North had more
soldiers and supplies. More than 600, 000 soldiers died before
the North won a victory which kept the Union (=North and
South)together. During the war, Lincoln declared the slaves
of the Confederacy to be free (— see 参见 EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION). After the war, slavery was abolished altogether
by the 13th Amendment (=change) of the CONSTITUTION. The
period of rebuilding the country, especially the South, that fol-
lowed the war was called RECONSTRUCTION. 美国南北战争〔美
国南部11个州反抗美国联邦政府而爆发的一场战争(1861-1865)。
叛乱诸州成立了一个独立的政府，称南部邦联，合力试图脱离联邦。
北方诸州当时也有11个州，在美国政府的领导下组建联邦军队，奋
力保住南方诸州。战争主要是由双方在蓄奴制度上的分歧引起的。
南方经济依赖于蓄奴制度和农业，而北方经济则依赖于工业，因而
希望废除蓄奴制度。随着西部诸州不断并入美国，国会议员对于新
并入的各州是否可以保留蓄奴制度，或政府对此能否加以禁止等问
题争论不休。联邦政府和州政府在权力平衡问题上严重不和。林
肯当选总统后，南方诸州担心他会彻底废除蓄奴制度，所以脱离了
联邦。南部邦联的总统是杰斐逊·戴维斯，其军队由罗伯特·E. 李率
领。支持联邦政府或称北方佬的各州，在林肯的率领下由尤利塞斯·
S. 格兰特指挥作战。南军多次获胜，李的军事才能大受敬仰。但是
北军的兵力更雄厚、补给更充足，在损失60多万士兵后终于获得胜
利，维护了联邦政府的统一。战争期间，林肯总统宣布南部邦联的
奴隶获得自由。战后，宪法第13条修正案彻底废除了蓄奴制度。战
争结束后，该国尤其是南方诸州的重建阶段称Reconstruction)3
[the] also 又作 the English Civil War - a war (1642-1651)
resulting from a power struggle between King Charles I and
the English parliament led by Oliver Cromwell, during which
the King, Charles I, was defeated and executed (EXECUTE)英
国内战〔由于国王查理一世与奥利弗·克伦威尔领导的英国议会之
间的权力之争而引起的一场战争(1642-1651)。期间，国王查理一
世战败并被处死〕 - — see also 另见 SPANISH CIVIL WAR
civ·vies, civies /`siviz; 'siviz/ n [P] slang the kind of clothes
ordinary people wear, as opposed to a military uniform. This
word is used mainly by people in the armed forces. 【俚】便服
(主要为军人使用)：an army officer in civvies 一位穿便服的军
官
civ. vy street /`sivi strit; 'sivi stri:t/ n [U] slang, now rare life
outside the armed forces. This word is used mainly by people
who are or have been in the armed forces. 【俚，现罕】平民生活：
非军人生活〔该词主要被现役或退役军人所使用〕
CJD /si d3e `di;si: d3ei'di:/n[U] abbrev. for 缩写= Creutzfeldt. 
Jakob Disease; a dangerous disease that affects the brain and
usually causes death. It is considered to be related to BSE, a
disease that affects cows. 克雅二氏症, 克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各
布病〔一种致命的严重脑病，被认为与牛海绵状脑病有关系〕
clack /klaek; klaek/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) make one or more
quick sharp sounds 发出咔嗒声；使咔嗒咔嗒地响：The typewrit-
ers clacked busily. 几台打字机啪嗒啪嗒地响个不停。2 [I] infml
to talk quickly and continuously; CHATTER【非正式】喋喋不休
唠叨：clacking tongues (=people talking quickly and continuously)
喋喋不休的人们 - clack n [S]: the incessant clack of knitting
needles 织针连连相碰发出的声响
clad /klaed; klaed/ adj[(in)] especially lit (often in comb. 常用
于复合词) covered or clothed【尤文】被·覆盖的；穿·衣服的：
She was clad all in silk and lace. 她全身穿着华丽的服装。|
poorly-clad children 衣衫褴褛的小孩 | an armour-clad ship
装甲舰[船]
Clai-borne /kleborn; 'kleibo:n/ Craig /kreg; kreig/(1920-2000)
a US writer of COOKERY BOOKS and articles about food in news-
papers 克莱本〔(1920-2000)，美国烹饪书籍和报章食品类文章作
家
claim1/klem; kleim/ v 1 [I (on, for); T] to ask for, take, or stat
that you should have (something to which you have a right)
〔根据权利而〕（对··）提出要求；索取；认领；声称有·的权利：Did
you claim on the insurance after your car accident?你出车
祸后有没有向保险公司索取赔偿？| Old people are entitled to
claim a special heating allowance from the government. 老
年人有权向政府索取一笔特别的取暖津贴。| If no one claims
the lost umbrella, the person who found it can keep it. 要是无
人认领这把丢失的伞，那么拾伞人就可以把它拿走。| A small ter-
rorist group has claimed responsibility for the bombing in
London. 一小撮恐怖分子已经声称伦敦的爆炸事件是他们干的。|
(fig. 喻) The flood claimed hundreds of lives. 水灾夺走了数百
0303
人的生命。2 [T+to-v/(that); obj] to declare to be true; state
especially in the face of opposition; MAINTAIN〔尤指面对反对
意见〕断言；声称；主张；认定：They claim to have discovered/
claim that they have discovered a cure for the disease, but
this has not yet been proved. 他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的
种药物，但此事尚未得到证实。3 [T] to deserve or need 值得
需要：This problem claims our undivided attention. 这个问题
值得我们密切注意。
claim2n 1 [C; U (for, on)] a demand or request for something
which you have a right to have 〔根据权利而提出的〕要求：The
management is considering the union's pay claim. 资方正在
考虑工会的工资要求。| When her house was burgled, she made
a claim on the insurance. 她的住宅失窃后她向保险公司提出索
取赔偿的要求。| He put in a claimfor his travelling expenses. 
他申请出差费。| He laid claim to the throne. (=said it was his
by right)他声称对王位有继承权。2 [C; U (to, on)] a right to
something〔对某事物的)权利；要求权；所有权：He has a right-
ful claim to the property; it was his mother's. 这产业曾是他母
亲的，他对其拥有合法的所有权。| You may be my sister, but
that doesn't mean you have any claims on me. 尽管你和我是
姐妹，但这并不意味着你有权向我要求什么。| The town's claim
to fame is that it has the country's oldest church. 这座小城之
所以出名，是因为它有全国最古老的教堂。3 [C] a statement that
something is true or real, especially one that other people may
disagree with; ASSERTION 声称；（尤指他人可能反对的〕主张；断
言：The government say they have reduced personal taxation, 
but I would dispute this claim. 政府声称已经减收了个人税，对
于这种说法我持有异议。| [+to-y] I make no claim to under
stand all the complexities of the matter, 我不敢断言自己对此
事各种复杂的细节都了解。|[+that] I don't accept the claim
that they have reduced taxes. 我不接受他们已经实行了减税的
说法。4 [C] something claimed, especially an area of land or a
sum of money 要求 （得到）的东西（尤指土地或钱财〕 — see also
另见 jump a claim (JUMP1 (10)， stake a claim (STAKE2)
clai·mant /`klement; 'kleiment/ n [(to)] fml or law a person
who asks for something, especially money, because they think
they have a right to it【正式或律】申请人；要求者；索赔人；认领
人：rival claimants to the throne 争夺王位的对手 | claimants
of unemployment benefit 失业津贴申请人
clair. voy. ant /kler`voient; klee'voient/ n a person who claims
to be able to see what will happen in the future 声称能够预见
未来的人 - clairvoyant adj: clairvoyant powers 预见能力
--ance n [U]
clam'/klaem; klaem/ n a small soft-bodied sea animal with a
shell in two parts that can open and close, that lives in sand or
mud and can be eaten 双壳纲的软体动物<如蛤、蛤蜊、蚬等>：(fig. 
喻)She shut up like a clam (=stopped talking suddenly) when
they started to ask questions. 他们一开始提问题，她顿时就沉
默不语了。
clam2v -mm- especially AmE go clamming to collect clams
by digging in the sand or mud【尤美】〔在泥沙中〕挖蛤
clam up phr v [I] slang to become silent, especially because
of fear or unwillingness to give information【俚】〔因恐惧、不
愿提供消息等而〕沉默不语，拒不开口：She clammed up when-
ever I mentioned her husband. 我只要一提到她丈夫，她就一声
不吭了。
clam·bake /`klaem bek; 'klaembeik/ n especially AmE【尤美】
1 an informal party by the sea, especially one where clams etc
are cooked and eaten 海滨野餐聚会〔尤指烤蛤蜊的野餐)2 slang
a noisy, high-spirited party or political meeting【俚】喧嚣的社
交[政治]集会
clam. ber /klaembe; 'klaembe/ v [I+adv/prep] to climb using
both the feet and hands and usually with difficulty〔费劲地手
脚并用地〕攀登，爬：We clambered down the side of the cliff
我们沿着峭壁艰难地爬了下来。| Tell the children to stop clam-
bering (about) over my new furniture. 叫孩子别在我的新家具
上爬来爬去。
clam-my/`klaemi; 'klaemi/ adjunpleasantly sticky, slightly wet. 
and usually cold 黏糊糊的，潮湿的，冷而黏湿的：clammy hands/
weather 湿冷的双手 [天气] -- -mily adv - -miness n [U]
clam·our'BrE【英】‖clamor AmE【美】/`klem;'klaeme/n
1 [S] a loud continuous, usually confused noise or shouting吵
闹声，喧嚷声；a clamour of voices/of bells 嘈杂的人声[铃声]
2 [U (for)] a continuous strong demand or complaint made by
a large number of people〔一大批人连续不断的〕强烈要求[抗
议]声：The government ignored the clamour for a public in-
quiry into these events. 政府没有理睬要求公开调查这些事件的
强烈呼声。- -orous adj: clamorous demands 大声疾呼的要
求
clamour2 BrE【英】‖clamor AmE【美】- ν[I] 1[I(for)] to
express (a demand) continually, loudly, and strongly 大声疾
呼：强烈要求：The people were clamouring for his execution
人民在强烈要求处决他。| The children were clamouring to
be fed. 孩子们吵吵嚷嚷要东西吃。2 to make a loud confused
noise 喧嚷，吵闹
clamp1/klaemp; klaemp/ n 1 [C] an apparatus for fastening or
holding things firmly together, usually consisting of two parts
that can be moved nearer together by turning a screw 夹具：夹
钳 2 [C; the+S] also 又作 wheelclamp fml【正式】‖Denver
boot AmE【美】- an apparatus that is fastened to the wheels
of a car etc in order to prevent it from moving 车轮固定夹
clamp2v1 [T+obj+adv/prep] to fasten or hold with a clamp〔用
夹钳)夹住；夹紧：Clamp the two pieces of wood together until
the glue dries. 用夹钳把两块木板夹紧，等胶水干了再松开。
Clamp it onto the edge of the table. 把这个东西夹在桌子的边
上。2 [T] also 又作 wheelclamp BrE fml【英，正式】‖ boot AmE
【美】- to prevent (a car etc) from moving by putting a clamp
on the wheels. In Britain, vehicles are usually clamped in a
town because they have been parked in the wrong place. Their
owners have to pay to get them back. 夹住〔车轮〕〔在英国，车
辆如果在某一镇上停错地方通常会被夹住车轮。车主必须在付罚
款后才能取回)：Oh no! My van's been/I've been clamped
again! 噢，坏了，我的[小货]车又被钳住了！ — ~er n
clamp down phr v [I (on)] to use your power to limit or
prevent practices that are disapproved of 限制；取缔；箝制：The
police are determined to clamp down on violence at football
matches. 警方决意要镇压发生在足球赛中的暴力行为。— see
also 另见 CLAMPDOWN
clamp. down /`klaemp, daun; 'klaempdaun/ n [(on)] a sudden
usually official limitation or prevention of doing or saying
something 取缔；严禁；压制，镇压：The government has ordered
a (total) clampdown on public demonstrations. 政府已命令
(彻底)取缔公众示威游行。- — see also 另见 CLAMP down
clan /klaen; klaen/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] 1 (especially in Scotland) a
group of families, all originally descended from one family
and all usually having the same family name. In the past, each
clan had a chief and wore cloth decorated with a particular
pattern(a TARTAN). 〔尤指苏格兰高地人的〕宗族，氏族〔在过去. 
各宗族都有族长，他们都身穿特定的格子花呢图案的衣服)：the
McIntosh clan 麦金托什宗族 2 humor a large family or group
of related people【幽】大家族；一群亲戚：The whole clan is/are
coming to stay with us at Christmas. 我们那一大帮亲戚要在
圣诞节期间来我们这里住
clan·des. tine /klaen`destin; klaen'destn/ adj done secretly or
privately, and often against the law 秘密的，暗中从事的；私下
的：a clandestine meeting/marriage 秘密会议[婚姻] — ~ly
adv ~ness nU]
clang /klaen; klaen/ v [I; T] to (cause to) make a loud ringing
sound like the sound of metal being hit(使)发丁当声 - clang
n[S]
clang. er /`klaen; 'klaene'/ n BrE slang a very noticeable mis
take or unintentionally foolish remark【英俚】明显的错误；疏忽；
不适当的话：She dropped a clanger when she mentioned his
ex-wife. 她说了句不该说的话，提到了他的前妻
clan-gor‖also又作 -gour BrE【英】/`klaeng;'klaene/ n [(the)
S] especially lit a sound of repeated clanging【尤文】〔持续的)
铿锵声，丁当声：the clangor of the bells 丁丁当当的钟声 — ~ous
adj — ~ously adv
clank /klaenk; klaenk/ v [I; T] to (cause to) make a short loud
sound, like that of a heavy metal chain being moved(使)发当
啷声<如重铁链被移动时的声音> - clank n [S]: the clank of
chains as the ship's anchor was lowered into the sea 船锚投
入海中时锚链发出的当啷声
clan-nish /`klaenif; 'klaenif/ adj often derog (of a group of
people) closely united and tending not to trust or welcome
people from outside the group【常贬】〔一伙人〕自成一帮的；排
外的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
clans·man /`klaenzmen; 'klaenzmen/ clans·wom·an /-，wumen;
-, women/ fem. 【阴性】- n -men /-men; -men/ a member of a
CLAN 宗族[氏族]的成员
clap1/klaep; klaep/ v-pp-1 [I; T] to bring (your open hands)
together with a quick movement and loud sound, especially to
show approval of a performance 拍（手）；鼓掌：The audience
clapped loudly/enthusiastically at the end of the play. 剧终
时，观众大声[热烈]鼓掌。 — see also 另见 HANDCLAP 2 [T+
obj+on] to hit lightly with the open hand in a friendly manner, 
usually on the back〔友好地用手掌)轻拍〔背部)：His boss
clapped him on the back approvingly. 老板拍拍他的背，表示
赞许。3 [T+obj+adv/prep] infml to put or place, usually quickly
and effectively【非正式】急速[用力] 放置：The judge clapped
0304
her in prison before she had time to explain. 法官不容她分辩
就急忙将她投入监狱。| He clapped his hand over his mouth
as soon as he realized what he had said. 他知道自己说错了话
连忙用手捂住了嘴。4 clap eyes on BrE infml to see【英，非正
式】看见：I haven't clapped eyes on her for years. 我有好几年
没有见到她了。
clap2n 1 [C] a loud explosive sound 爆裂声；轰隆声：a clap of
thunder 一声雷鸣 2 [S] an act of clapping the hands 拍手，鼓
掌：Give him a clap, everyone!大家都来为他鼓掌吧！ 3 [S (on)
a light friendly hit, usually on the back, with the open hand〔表
示友好的〕轻拍〔背部]
clap3, the n euph slang the disease GONORRHEA【婉，俚】淋病
clap·board /klaebad; 'klaepbo:d/ n [U] AmE for【美】= WEATH-
ERBOARD(1)护墙板，隔板：a clapboard house 装有护墙板的
房子
Clap. ham Junc. tion /klaepem`d3vnkfn; klaepem 'd3vnkfan
a very busy railway station in SW London where a lot of people
catch a train to work or change trains 克拉珀姆枢纽站〔伦敦西
南部一繁忙的火车站，许多人都在此搭乘火车去上班或换车〕
clapped-out /，'·/ adj infml, especially BrE【非正式，尤英】
 (of a thing) old and worn out （东西）破旧的：a clapped-out
old car 破烂的旧汽车 2 [F] (of a person) very tired 〔人〕疲惫不
堪的
clap. per /'klepo; 'klaepe/ n 1 the hammer-like object inside a
bell which strikes it to make it ring 钟锤；铃的击锤 2 an appa-
ratus that makes a repeated loud noise 响板：Some farmers use
clappers to keep birds off their crops. 有些农民使用响板来轰
走飞到田里的鸟。 — see also 另见 CLAPPERS
clap. per-board /klaepo bord; 'klaepebo:d/ n a wooden board
on which a short description of a scene to be filmed for the
cinema or television is written. It is held up in front of the
camera and its two connecting parts are clapped together. (拍
摄电影、电视用的〕场记板，分场记录板
clap·pers /`klaepoz; 'klaepez/ n like the clappers BrE infml
very fast【英，非正式】飞快地，急速地：to go/run like the clap
pers 很快地走开[跑掉]
Clap. ton /'kleptn; 'klaepten/, Er. ic /arik; 'erik/ (1945-)a Brit
ish GUITAR player and singer, known especially for his great
skill at playing the guitar. He first became popular as a BLUES
musician in the 1960s, when people in the UK sometimes wrote
the words 'Clapton is God'on walls. He has continued per-
forming and making records since then and his songs include /
Shot the Sheriff and Layla. 克拉普顿〔(1945-)，英国吉他演
奏家和歌手，尤以其高超的吉他演奏技艺闻名，20世纪60年代他
最初作为布鲁斯音乐家走红。那时，在英国，有人在墙上写出“克
拉普顿是上帝”的字样。自那时起，他不断参加演出并灌制唱片
歌曲包括《我向警长开枪》和《莱拉》〕
clap-trap /klaep traep; 'klaeptraep/ n [U] infml empty, insincere. 
or foolish talk or writing; nonsense【非正式】华而不实的大话
噱头：胡说：He talked a lot of dangerous claptrap about the
glories of war. 他危险地胡说了一通战争如何的光荣伟大。
claque /klaek; klaek/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of people hired
to give support by clapping (CLAP), especially at a politica
meeting〔受雇到政治集会等上〕鼓掌捧场的一伙人
Clare /kler; klee/ a COUNTY in the W of the Republic of Ireland. 
known for its mountains and lakes and its wild land on the
coast of the Atlantic Ocean 克莱尔〔爱尔兰共和国西部一郡，以
其山脉、湖泊及大西洋沿岸的荒野而著称]
Clare, Dr Anthony (1942-)a British PSYCHIATRIST(=a doc
tor who treats mental illnesses) who talks to famous people on
the radio and on television, and asks them questions about their
character and feelings. His best-known programme is called
In the Psychiatrist's Chair. 克莱尔〔(1942-)，英国精神病专
家。他在电视上与名人交谈，并询问他们有关性格和感情的问题。
其最著名的节目叫做《坐在精神科医生的椅子上》
Clare, John (1793-1864) a British poet, who wrote mostly abou
the English countryside and country life. He became mentally
ill, in the later part of his life. 克莱尔〔(1793-1864)，英国诗
人，其作品大多描写英国乡村以及乡村生活。他后半生精神错乱)
Clar-ence House /klaerens `haus;, klaerens 'haus/ the home in
London, next to St James's Palace, of Queen Elizabeth, the
Queen Mother 克拉伦斯宫〔伊丽莎白王太后在伦敦的住所，位于
圣詹姆斯宫旁
clar·et' /`klaeret; 'klaeret/ n [U] 1 red wine, from the Bordeaux
area of France〔法国波尔多地区产的)红葡萄酒 2 a deep pur-
plish red colour 暗紫红色
claret2 adj having a deep purplish red colour 暗紫红色的
Clari. dge's /klaerid3iz; 'klaerd33z/ a London hotel. Claridge's
is thought to be a place where only the rich upper classes eat
and stay. 克拉里奇斯饭店〔伦敦一家饭店，被认为是只有富有的
上层阶级才能吃、住得起的地方〕
clar. i. fi. ca. tion /klaerefe`kefen;klaerf3'keifan/ n [C; U] the
act of clarifying or an example of something being clarified澄
清，阐明；阐明的实例：They asked for further clarification/for
a clarification of the government's plans. 他们要求政府对各
项计划作进一步的说明[加以说明]
clar·ify /`klaere fai; 'klaerfai/ v[T] 1 fml to make clearer and
easier to understand, especially by explaining and giving more
details【正式】澄清，讲清楚，阐明：Will you clarify that statement?
你能把那句话的意思讲清楚点吗？| When will the government
clarify its position on equal pay for women?政府何时才会阐
明它对妇女同工同酬问题的立场呢？2 to make (a fat, especially
butter) clear and pure, especially by gentle heating(尤指通过
稍稍加热〕使〔黄油等〕纯净
clar. i. net /klaere`net; klaer'net/ n a musical instrument of the
WOODWIND family, with a single REED(2)单簧管，黑管
clar. i·net. tist, -netist / klaere`nctist; klaer'netst/ n a clarinet
player 单簧管演奏者
clar·i. on /`klaerien; 'klaerien/ n(the sound made by) a kind of
TRUMPET used in former times(旧时的)尖音小号（声）：(fig. 喻)
the clarion call(=very clear call) of duty 责任心的强烈呼唤
clar. i·ty /klaereti; 'klaerti/ n [U] clearness, especially the qual-
ity of being easy to understand 清晰；清楚（易懂），明确：clarity
of expression 表达清晰
Clark /klark; kla:k/, Dick (1929- ) a US television PRESENTER
of several GAME SHOWs and other programmes including
AMERICAN BANDSTAND. He is considered to look very young
for his age. 克拉克〔(1929-)，美国电视游戏节目以及《美国乐
坛》等其他节目的主持人，大家都认为他看上去比实际年龄小得
多〕
Clark, Sir Ken-neth /`kene0; 'kene0/ (1903-1983) a British
writer and broadcaster on the history of art, known in the UK
especially for his 1960s television programme Civilization 克
拉克〔(1903-1983)，英国艺术史作家和播音员。在英国尤以其20
世纪60年代的电视节目《文明》著称〕
Clark, William (1770-1838) a US EXPLORER 克拉克〔(1770-
1838), 美国探险家) — see also另见 LEWIS AND CLARK
Clarke /klark; kla:k/, Sir Arthur C. (1917-) a British scien
tist and writer of SCIENCE FICTION. Many of his books are about
journeys in space, and the film 2001：A Space Odyssey was
based on one of his stories. 克拉克〔(1917-)，英国科学家和
科幻小说作家，其作品大都描述太空旅行，电影《2001年太空漫
游》即根据他的一本小说改编而成〕
Clarke, Ken-neth /`kene0; 'kene0/ (1940-) a British politi-
cian and member of the Conservative Party, who was CHANCEL-
LOR OF THE EXCHEOUER from 1993 to 1997 克拉克〔(1940-)，
英国政治家，保守党成员，1993年至1997年任英国财政大臣〕
Clarks /klarks; kla:ks/ trademark a type of good-quality shoe
made by a British company, known especially for selling
children's shoes in many different siz
es
, according to their
width as well as their length【商标】“其乐”鞋〔英国一家公司生
产的优质鞋，该公司尤以出售根据儿童脚掌长度及宽度制造的不同
尺码的童鞋而著称)：I got Jenny some sandals from Clarks. 我
给詹尼买了几双“其乐”凉鞋
Cla. ry /`kleri: 'kleari/ Ju·li. an /`d3ulien:'d3u:lien/(1959-)a
British COMEDIAN, known for making jokes about him being
HOMOSEXUAL and making jokes about sex. He wears unusual
clothes and a lot of MAKE-UP. 克拉里〔(1959-)，英国喜剧演
员，以拿自己是同性恋开玩笑及讲猥亵的笑话而闻名。他身着奇装
异服，化浓妆〕
clash1 /klaef; klaef/ v1 [I (with)] to be in opposition or come
into opposition 发生抵触；冲突：Police and demonstrators
clashed (=met and fought) outside the palace. 警察和游行示
威群众在宫外发生了冲突。| This shirt clashes with my
trousers. (=the colours do not match)这件衬衣的颜色同我裤
子的颜色很不协调。| Her wedding clashed with (=was at the
same time as) my exam so I couldn't go. 她的婚礼和我的考试
撞期了，因此我未能参加婚礼。2 [I;T(TOGETHER)] to (cause
to) make a loud noise, as of two metal objects struck together
(使)发出〔金属相碰的〕撞击声：The cymbals clashed. 铙钹碰
击作响。| She clashed two pans together to wake us up. 她当
当地敲着两个平底锅唤我们起床。
clash2n 1 [C (of, between)] an example of opposition or
disagreement; CONFLICT 矛盾；抵触；冲突：a border clash be-
tween two armies 双方军队的边境冲突 | a serious clash of
opinions/interests 意见[利益] 的严重冲突 | There have been
angry clashes in the Senate between supporters and oppo-
nents of the President. 参议院中支持和反对总统的两派之间已
经有过多次激烈的交锋。| They're both very determined
people, so there's rather a clash of personalities. 他们俩都是
0305
极有主见的人，因此性格上比较难以相容。2[S] a loud metallic
noise 金属撞击声：the clash of cymbals/swords 铙钹[刀剑] 的
碰撞声
Clash, Thea British PUNK band which started performing in
1976. Their success continued even when PUNK was no longer
fashionable. “碰撞”乐队〔英国的一支庞克组合，1976年首次登台
表演。即使在庞克已过时的年代，该乐队依然成功〕
clasp1/klaesp; kla:sp/ n 1 a usually metal fastener for holding
together two things or two parts of one thing 钩，扣子：the clasp
on a belt 皮带上的扣子 2 [usually sing. 一般用单数] a tight
firm hold, especially by someone's hand or arms; GRIP紧抱：
紧握；握手
clasp2v [T] fml【正式】1 to take and hold firmly with the hands
or arms 抱紧；握紧；握（手） ：He clasped the child in his arms
他把那个孩子紧紧抱在怀里。| The two men clasped hands
warmly. 那两个男人热烈地握手。2[+obj+adv/prep] to fasten
with a clasp 〔用扣环等〕扣紧，钩住：I clasped the necklace round
her neck. 我把项链扣牢在她的脖子上。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 clasp, grasp, and 和
grip. Clasp means 'to take and/or hold firmly inside your
hand or arms', clasp 的意思是用手握紧或用手臂抱紧：The
little girl was clasping a large doll. (小姑娘怀里抱着一个
大洋娃娃。)Grasp means ‘to catch onto and hold firmly, 
especially with your hands'. grasp 的意思是用双手抓住并
握紧：I was able to save myself by grasping a rope. (我双
手抓住一根绳子才救了自己一命。)Grip means ‘to take and
keep a very tight hold of something, especially with your
fingers or with a tool'. grip 的意思是用手指或工具抓牢，夹
住：He gripped my arm in fear. （他害怕得紧紧揪住我的胳
膊。)
clasp knife/'/ n a large knife whose blades fold into the
handle; JACK KNIFE 折刀，折叠式小刀
*class1/klaes; kla:s/ n 1 [C+sing. /pl. v] also 又作 classes pl. -
a social group whose members have the same political, social. 
and ECONOMIC position and rank 阶级，社会等级：the ruling
class/classes 统治阶级| a member of the landowning class
地主阶级的一员 — see also 另见 LOWER CLASS, MIDDLE CLASS. 
UPPER CLASS, WORKING CLASS 2 [U] the system of dividing
society into groups with different social and political positions
社会等级制度：Class distinctions have become less important
during the last 50 years. 在过去50年间，社会等级差别已变得
不那么重要了。- — see also 另见 CLASS SYSTEM 3 [C+sing. /pl
v] a group of pupils or students who are taught together班；班
级，年级：The English class is/are reading Shakespeare. 英语
班的学生正在读莎士比亚的著作。| We were both in the same
class. 那时我们在同一个班。| a class of 25 children 有 25名
孩子的一个班 4 [C] AmE a group of students who will finish
studying in a particular year【美】同届学生； the class of 1979
1979 年毕业的学生 5 [C; U] a period of time during which
pupils or students are taught （一节） 课：What time does the next
class begin?下一节课几点开始？ | She's attending evening
classes in computer studies. 她在夜校上电脑课。| He told them
off for talking in class. 他因他们在上课时讲话而把他们训斥了
顿。6 [C] a division of people or things according to their
quality, level of performance etc〔人或事物的)等级：What class
(of degree) did you get? First, second, or third?你得了什么
等级（的学位）？甲级、乙级还是丙级？|a first-class rail car-
riage头等(客)车厢| a top-class scientist/orchestra 第一流
的科学家[管弦乐队] | Your mother's cooking is in a class of its
own— it's marvellous! 令堂的烹饪技术独一无二 -— 真是好
极了！ — see also 另见 BUSINESS CLASS, CLUB CLASS, ECONOMY
CLASS, FIRST CLASS, SECOND CLASS, TOURIST CLASS 7 [C] tech
a division of animals or plants below a PHYLUM and above an
ORDER1(15)【术语】〔动、植物分类学上的〕纲 8 [U] infml a styl-
ish quality, e. g. in clothes or social behaviour, that attracts
admiration【非正式】〔衣着、行为等的〕优雅，高尚：令人赞赏的风
度[外表]：a girl with real class 很有风度的女孩
class2v [T (as, among, with)] to regard as belonging to a par-
ticular class or type; consider 把··归入某等级[类型]；把·看
作：In some countries, people who disagree with the govern-
ment are classed as criminals. 在某些国家，凡是同政府持有不
同意见的人都被视为罪犯
class ac·tion/, · '·√ n AmE a LAWSUIT set up by a group of
people for their own advantage and also for that of all others
with the same complaint【美】集体控告[诉讼]〔为利益相关的一
群人所提供的一种诉讼手段)：The miners with lung diseases
brought a class action against the company, 得了肺病的矿工
集体控告那家公司。- class-action adj: a class-action suit 集
体诉讼案
class-con-scious/'. ·/ adj often derog very conscious of your
own social position and sometimes distrustful of, or unfriendly
towards, people from other classes【常贬】社会等级意识强烈的
She's too class-conscious to be friendly with the cleaners. 她
的社会等级意识非常强烈，不能和清洁工人友好相处。一~ness n
[U]
clas·sic/`klaesik; 'klaesik/ adj [A no comp. 无比较级] 1 of the
highest quality or class and especially serving as a model. 
standard, or perfect representative of a particular type 最优秀
的，第一流的；（可作）典范的；经典的：a classic horse race一场
水准一流的赛马 | This film is a classic western movie. 这是一
部优秀的西部影片。2 of a very typical and well-known kind
典型的；众所周知的；a classic example/caseof love at first sight
一见钟情的典型例子| a classic mistake 典型错误| (infml 非
正式)He didn't really say that? That's classic! 他真的没有那
样说吗？这太典型了！3 simple in style and likely to remain
fashionable for a long time 式样简朴的；传统式样的：a simple
classic suit 一套素雅的传统服装
classic2n 1 a book, play, or other work of art that is regarded as
being a very fine example of its type and having lasting impor-
tance 经典作品；杰作，名著：Shakespeare's plays are among
the great classics of English literature. 莎士比亚的戏剧是英
国文学中的伟大经典著作。| a modern classic 一部现代佳作|
His production of 'Dracula'is one of the classics of the pre
war cinema. 他制作的影片《吸血鬼》是战前电影中的经典作品之
一。| (fig. 喻) That joke's a classic. 这个笑话是第一流的。2 a
famous especially sporting event, usually with a long history
传统有名的活动〔尤指重大的比赛〕 — see also 另见 CLASSICS
clas·si·cal/`klaesikl; 'klaesikel/ adj [no comp. 无比较级] 1 con. 
nected with, belonging to, or influenced by the art, life and
literature of ancient Greece and Rome 古典的；古典派的；与古
希腊罗马有关的；受古希腊罗马影响的：classical authors/lan
guages 古典作家 [语言]| a classical education 希腊文与拉丁
文的教育| a building in the classical style of architecture 按
古典建筑风格设计的建筑物 2(of music) written with serious
artistic intentions and having an attraction that lasts over a long
period of time 〔音乐)古典的：She prefers pop music and jazz
to classical music. 她比较喜爱流行音乐和爵士乐，不大喜爱古
典音乐。| the works of several classical composers, includ-
ing Bach and Mozart 包括巴赫、莫扎特在内的几位古典音乐作
曲家的作品 3 based on or belonging to an old or established
system of principles or methods, e. g. in art or science; TRADI-
TIONAL or ORTHODOX 经典的；传统的，正统的：Classical sci-
entific ideas about light were changed by Einstein. 爱因斯坦
改变了科学上关于光的传统观念。| How do you explain this in
terms of classical Marxist theory?你怎样用经典的马克思主
义学说来解释这一点呢？
classical my. thol. o. gy/. . . '. /n the ancient stories of the
Greeks and Romans 古典神话〔指希腊和罗马的古代传说〕
classic car/· '·/ n a model of car, usually not as old as a VIN-
TAGE car, which is considered to be notable in some way, e. g. 
for its shape or its performance〔1930年后生产，式样、性能等
方面出色的)古典式轿车：The Ford Thunderbird/E-type Jag-
uar is a true classic car. 福特·雷鸟[E型美洲豹]汽车是真正的
古典式汽车。
clas. si·cis. m/klaese, sizem; 'klaessizam/n [U] 1 the principles, 
ideas, and style (especially with regard to balance, regularity, 
and simpleness of form) of the art or literature of ancient Greece
or Rome 古典主义；古典风格[文体]；古希腊罗马文化艺术的精
神 2(often cap. 常用大写)(in art and literature, especially in
Europe in the 18th century) the quality of being simple
balanced. and controlled. not giving way to feeling, and fol-
lowing ancient models〔欧洲 18世纪文学艺术上的〕拟古风格
尚古主义，古典崇拜，古典模仿 — compare 比较REALISM(2), 
ROMANTICISM
clas·si·cist/klaesesist; 'klaessst/n a person who studies CLAS-
SICS古典主义者；古典崇拜者；古典学者，拟古派
classic rock/, · '·/ n [U] ROCK MUSIC in the style of, and
including, the most successful songs of the 1960s and 1970s. 
e. g. those of the Rolling Stones 古典摇滚乐〔指20世纪 60, 70
年代最出色的一些摇滚歌曲以及类似风格的摇滚乐，如“滚石乐
队”的歌曲) — compare 比较 HARD ROCK
clas·sics/`klaesiks; 'klaesiks/ n [the+P; U] (often cap. 常用大
写)the languages, literature, and history of ancient Greece and
Rome. Very few people study classics now, but in the past a
person without knowledge of the subject was considered
uneducated. 古希腊、古罗马的语言、文学及历史〔现在极少人学
习这些学科，但在过去，一个人如果没有这些学科知识就会被认为
没有受过教育〕
0306
Classics ll-lus. tra·ted /，. ·. ·/n 1 [U] a US series of CARTOON
STRIPS(=magazines for children with writing and pictures) which
tell well-known stories from literature〔美国的〕文学名著系列
漫画：I read 'Moby Dick’ in Classics Illustrated. 我看了名著
系列漫画版的《白鲸》。2 [C] a comic in this series 一本文学名
著系列漫画杂志
clas·si·fi·ca·tion /klaesefo`kefen;klaesof'keifan/n 1 [U] the
act or process of classifying people or things (such as plants, 
animals, books in libraries etc)into groups分类；分级；选别
2 [C] a group, division, class, or CATEGORY into which some-
thing is placed 类别；等级
clas. si·fied /klaese faid; 'klaesfaid/ adj1 (of government, es-
pecially military, information) officially secret〔政府，尤指军
事情报)机密的，保密的 2 divided or arranged in classes 分类
的；被归入某类的
classified ad /，· '·/ also 又作 classified, small ad BrE【英】|
also 又作 want ad AmE【美】- n a usually small advertise
ment placed in a newspaper by a person wishing to sell or buy
something, offer or get employment etc〔报纸〕分类广告：She
scanned the column of classified ads. 她浏览了一下分类广告
栏
clas. si·fy /klaese fai; 'klaes fai/ v[T] to arrange (animals, plants
books etc) into classes; divide according to class or type 把·
分级[分类]，把·分为
class·is·m /klaesizem; 'kla:sizam/ n [U] unfair opinions based
on social class, especially the belief that your own class is the
best 阶级偏见 — compare 比较 SEXISM - -ist adj
class·less /'klaeslis; 'kla:sles/ adj 1 (of a society) not divided
into social classes 〔社会〕不分阶级[阶层]的 2 belonging to no
particular social class 不属于某一特定阶级[阶层]的：a class
less accent不带阶层特色的讲话腔调 - — ~ness n [U]
class-mate /`klaes met; 'kla:smeit/ n a member of the same class
in a school, college, or, in the US, university同班同学：We
were classmates ten years ago. 10年前我们是同班同学，
class. room /`klaes rum; 'kla:srum/ n a room in a school, col-
lege etc in which a class meets for a lesson 教室，课室
class strug·gle /，· '·√ also 又作 class war /，· ·√ - n [(the)
U] 1 disagreement and opposition between different classes in
a society 阶级对立 2 (in Marxist political thought) the struggle
for power carried on between the CAPITALIST class (=the own-
ers of property, factories etc) and the PROLETARIAT(=the ordi-
nary workers)(马克思主义政治学说中资产阶级与无产阶级的〕阶
级斗争
class sys·tem, the /'，. ·/ n the division of society into UPPER
CLASS, MIDDLE CLASS, and LOWER CLASS according to social
background and professional position 阶级分类〔指根据社会背
景和职业地位分成上层阶级、中产阶级和下层阶级的社会分类〕
class. work /klasw3k; 'kla:sw3:k/n [U] school work done by
students in class, rather than as HOMEWORK 课堂作业
class·y /`klaesi; 'kla:si/ adj infml fashionable and of high class
【非正式】时髦的：上等的，高级的； one of the classiest restau
rants in London 伦敦最高级的餐厅之一
clat·ter1 /`klaete; 'klaete/ v [I; T] to (cause to) make a clatter. 
especially as a result of movement(使)发出连续的撞击声，（使）
劈啪作响：The metal dish clattered down the stone stairs. 金
属盘子哐啷哐啷地从石台阶上滚下来。
clatter2n 1 [S] a loud noise like that made by hard objects
hitting each other〔硬物相碰的〕撞击声，喀哒声：a clatter of
dishes 盘碟相碰的丁当声 2 [U] noise caused by people talking
or busy activity 吵嚷声；喧闹声：the busy clatter of the city 城
市的嘈杂声
Clau. di·us /klodies; 'klo:dies/ (10 BC-AD 54) the EMPEROR of
Rome from AD 41-54， who made Britain part of the Roman
Empire. Robert GRAVES wrote two popular books about
Claudius's life, which were made into a British television
programme called I, Claudius(1976). 克劳狄〔（公元前10-公
元54)，罗马皇帝，公元41年至54年间在位，曾把英国纳入罗马
帝国的版图。罗伯特·格雷夫斯写过两本有关他生平的书，都被改
编成英国电视节目《克劳狄一世》(1976)〕
clause /kloz; klo:z/ n 1 tech (in grammar) a group of words
containing a subject and FINITE verb, forming a sentence or
part of a sentence, and often doing the work of a noun, adjective. 
or adverb【术语】〔语法中的〕从句，分句，子句<In在‘She came
home when she was tired'中， 'She came home' and和 ‘when
she was tired' are two separate clauses. 是两个不同的子句) --
compare 比较 PHRASE, SENTENCE; see also 另见 DEPENDENT
CLAUSE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE, PENALTY CLAUSE, RELATIVE
CLAUSE, SUBORDINATE CLAUSE 2 a separate division of a writ-
ten legal DOCUMENT with its own separate and complete
meaning〔法律文件中的)条款，项目：Their contracts contain a
no-strike clause. 他们的合同中包含有不罢工的条款
claus. tro·pho. bi. a /klostre`fobie;klo:stre'feubie/ n [U] fear
of being shut up in a small enclosed space 幽闭恐怖症 - com-
pare 比较 AGORAPHOBIA
claus. tro. pho. bic1/, klostre`fobik;, klo:stre'feubik/ n a person
suffering from claustrophobia 幽闭恐怖症患者
claustrophobic2adj 1 suffering from claustrophobia 患有幽
闭恐怖症的 2 (of a space) causing claustrophobia〔场所〕导致
幽闭恐怖症的：a claustrophobic little room 能引起幽闭恐怖的
小房间
clav. i. chord /`klaeve kord; 'klaevko:d/ n an early musical in-
strument similar to a piano击弦古钢琴，翼琴〔钢琴的前身)
clav·i·cle /`klaevekl; 'klaevikel/ n med for【医】= COLLARBONE
claw1/klo; klo:/ n 1 a sharp usually curved nail on the toe of ar
animal or bird 〔动物或鸟类的)爪； The cat dug its claws into
me. 那只猫用爪子抓我。2 a limb of certain insects and sea
animals, such as CRABS, used for attacking, catching, and hold
ing objects 〔蟹等的〕螯，钳 3 the split curved end of some tools
for pulling nails out of wood 拔钉爪，起钉器：a claw hammer
拔钉锤 4have/get your claws in(to) ：a to show jealousy or
strong dislike of (someone), especially by saying unpleasant
things about them 恶意攻击[中伤] b to try to trap, especially
in order to marry〔尤指为达到结婚目的〕设圈套欺骗
claw2v [I (at); T] to tear, pull, take hold of etc, (as if) with
claws 〔用爪子)抓，撕，拉，挠：The cat clawed a hole in my
stocking/clawed at the leg of the table. 猫用爪子在我的袜子
上抓破了一个洞[在桌腿上抓挠]。| She clawed her way to the
top of the political ladder. 她爬到了政治阶梯的顶端。
claw sthg. -back phrv [T] 1 to get back with great diffi-
culty or effort 夺回，捞回；设法弥补：Through aggressive ad
vertising the company managed to claw back its share of the
market. 公司通过大做广告，成功地夺回了它的那部分市场。2 es·
pecially BrE (of a government) to get back (money given to
the public in tax cuts) by means of increases in other forms of
tax【尤英】〔指政府用增加其他税款的手段〕收回（减免的税款）
*clay /kle; klei/ n [U] heavy firm earth that is soft when wet but
becomes hard when baked at a high temperature, from which
bricks, pots etc, are made 黏土 — see also 另见 FEET OF CLAY
~ey /`kler; 'klei-i/ adj: clayey soil黏土质土壤
Clay, Cas. si·us /`kaesies; 'kaesies/ the former name of
Muhammad ALI 克莱〔穆罕默德·阿里的原名]
clay. more /klemor; 'kleimo:/ n a large sword used in former
times in the Scottish Highlands〔旧时苏格兰高地人使用的)大
型双刃刀，双刃大刀
clay pi-geon /·/ n a plate-shaped piece of baked clay thrown
up into the air to be shot at as in the sport of clay pigeon shoot-
ing 泥鸽〔供射击用的黏土制盘形飞靶〕
*clean1 /klin; kli:n/ adj 1 free from dirt 清洁的，干净的：Are your
hands clear?你的双手干净吗? | a spotlessly clear room -
个一尘不染的房间 |Sweep the floor clean. 把地板打扫干净。| 
changed into a clean shirt. 我换上一件干净的衬衣。2 free from
bacteria or anything impure 无病菌的；纯净的：clean drinking
water 清洁的饮用水 | clean energy (=energy produced in a
way that does not cause POLLUTION)无污染的能源 3 free from
RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT 无放射性尘埃的：They say the nuclear
power station here is completely clean. 他们说这里的核电站
绝对不会产生放射性尘埃。4 not yet used; fresh 未用过的，新
的：a clean piece of paper 一张还没有用过的纸 5 morally or
sexually pure 正派的；不淫猥的；纯洁的； Don't worry about it. 
it's all good clean fun! 请放心，这是一个绝对正派纯洁的消遣
活动！| a clean joke (=one not concerned with sex)正经的笑
话 6 not disobeying rules or laws; fair or honest 公正的；诚实
的，正大光明的，不作弊的：a clean fight 遵守规则的拳击比赛
She has a clean record. (=is not a criminal) 她历史清白。| a
clean driving licence 无违章记录的驾驶执照 | All the presi
dential candidates fought a clean campaign. 所有总统候选人
都正正当当地参加了竞选活动。7 having a smooth edge or
surface;even; regular 边缘整齐的；表面平滑的；匀称的；规则的：
a clean cut 整齐的切口 | the aircraft's clean lines 飞机平滑
匀称的线条 |(fig. 喻) to make a clean break with the past 同
过去一刀两断 8 [F] slang having no hidden weapons, illegal
drugs etc【俚】没暗藏武器[毒品] 的：The police searched him
but he was clean. 警察对他进行搜查，但他身上没有违禁品。9a
clean bill of health a favourable report on the health of a per-
son or the satisfactory condition of a machine, organization
etc 身体健康证明书；机器[机构等] 状况良好证明：The factory
was later given a clean bill of health by the inspector. 后来那
位稽查人员证实该工厂状况良好。10come clean infml to ad
mit your guilt or tell the (especially unpleasant) truth【非正式】
承认罪过；讲出全部实情，供认：Why don't you come clean about
0307
your involvement in all this?你为什么不老实交代你与这一切
的关系？ — see also 另见 CLEANLY, make a clean breast of
(BREAST') — ~ness n [U]: The cleanness of his room sur-
prised me. 他房间的干净程度让我吃了一惊。
*clean2v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) become clean, especially by rub. 
bing and often without water 把··弄干净；打扫，清理；清洗：Your
shoes need cleaning. 你的鞋子该刷一刷了。| to clean one's
nails/one's teeth/the windows 修指甲；刷牙；擦窗子 | to clean
marks off the table 把桌子上的污迹擦掉 - — see also 另见 DRY
CLEAN, SPRING-CLEAN 2 [T] to cut out the inside parts of the
body from (birds and animals that are to be eaten)给〔准备食
用的动物、家禽等〕开膛取出内脏 — compare 比较 EVISCERATE
 — ~ing n: to do the cleaning 做扫除
USAGE 用法说明 In order to clean a room and its con
tents you can brush any surface at any level using a brush
usually held in one hand. You can sweep the floor using a
brush with a long handle. You can dust surfaces above
floor level using a soft cloth. You can scrub any surface
by rubbing it hard with a short stiff brush using water. You
can wipe any surface by rubbing it with a cloth, probably
using some water. 要打扫房间及房内的东西，人们可以拿着
刷子扫刷(brush); 打扫地板，可用扫帚清扫(sweep); 清洁
地板以上各处表面的灰尘可用布抹(dust); 任何表面可用水
和刷子擦(scrub); 清理任何表面可用湿布揩抹(wipe)。-
see also 另见 WASH (USAGE)
cleansthg. /sbdy. → outphr v [T] 1 to make (the inside of a
room, box etc) clean and tidy 把〔房间、箱子等的内部〕清扫干
净：She cleaned out the rabbit's hutch. 她清扫了兔笼。2 infml
【非正式】a to take all the money of 耗尽··的钱财：If we have
to get the car repaired, we'll be completely cleaned out. 我们
如果必须修理这辆车，就得把钱全花光。b to steal everything
from (a place) 把〔某处)盗窃一空：The thieves cleaned out the
store. 那些小偷把商店盗窃一空。
clean upphr v1 [I; T (=clean sthg. ← up)] to clean thor
oughly and remove anything unwanted 彻底扫除；清理：It's
your turn to clean (the kitchen) up. 轮到你来做 （厨房）扫除啦！
Clean up this mess at once! 把这些乱七八糟的东西马上清理
掉！ | (fig. 喻) The new mayor has promised to clean up the
town by getting rid of all the criminals. 新市长已许愿要清除
切罪犯，整顿好城市。2 [I; T (=clean up sthg. )] infml to gain
(a large amount of money) as profit【非正式】发大财；赚（一大
笔钱)：We really cleaned up at the races today. 今天的赛马我
们真赢了不少钱。| He cleaned up a fortune playing cards. 他
玩纸牌捞了不少钱。 — see also 另见 CLEANUP
clean3n [S] an act of cleaning 打扫，收拾，整理：Give the win
dows/your shoes a good clean. 把玻璃窗[你的鞋子]好好擦干
净
clean4ady 1 completely 完全地；彻底地：I clean forgotit was
her birthday. 那天是她的生日，可我忘得一干二净。| [+adv
prep] The bullet went clean through his arm. 子弹打穿了他的
胳臂。| The bank robbers got clean away. (=escaped easily)
抢劫银行的歹徒逃得无影无踪。2 clean bowled(in cricket)
bowled (BOWL2 (2) by a ball which does not touch the BAT〔板
球比赛中球员因击空而〕被淘汰出局的
clean-cut/, · '·/ adj 1 well shaped; regular 形态美观的；匀称
的；轮廓鲜明的：a clean-cut hairstyle 美观的发型 2 neat and
clean in appearance; PRESENTABLE 外表整洁的，端庄的：d
clean-cut college boy 外表整洁体面的男大学生
clean·er/`kline; 'kli:ne'/ n 1 a person whose job is cleaning
offices, houses etc 清洁工人，打扫的人 2 a machine, apparatus
or substance used in cleaning 去污剂，清洁剂；除垢器，吸尘器
clean·er's BrE【英】‖cleaners AmE【美】/`kline·z; 'kli:nez/n
[(the) S] 1 a DRY CLEANER'S 干洗店 2 take someone to the
cleaner's infml to cause someone to lose all their money. 
possessions, especially by dishonesty【非正式】把某人的钱财骗
光，使某人变得一文不名
clean·ing/klinim; 'kli:nin/n [U] the cleaninga process in which
you clean other people's houses, offices etc〔为他人住宅、办公
室等进行的)打扫，清理：Liz comes on Thursday to do the
cleaning. 利兹星期四来打扫（房间）
cleaning la·dy/'··/ n a woman who works as a cleaner in a
house, office, or public building〔住宅、办公室或公共大楼的)
清洁女工：She has a cleaning lady who comes in twice a week. 
她请了一个清洁女工，一星期来两次。
clean-limbed/, . V adj apprec or humor (especially of a young
man) tall, well-built, and active-looking【褒或幽】〔尤指年轻男
人〕身材高大匀称的；姿势优美灵活的
clean·li·ness/klanlimes; 'klenlins/ n [U] 1 habitual cleanness
爱清洁（习惯），干净：high standards of cleanliness 高标准的
卫生规格 2 cleanliness is next to godliness you need to keep
your body clean in order to be a good and religious person. 
This phrase is connected especially with Puritan ideas about
religion and behaviour. 清洁近乎圣洁〔指要做一个虔诚的信徒
必须保持自身的干净，这句话尤其与清教徒对宗教以及行为举止方
面的理解有关) — see also 另见 PURITAN
clean. ly'/`klinlr; 'kli:nli/ adv in a clean manner (especially
CLEAN'(4))整齐地：有规则地：利落地：The branch snapped
cleanly in two. 树枝整整齐齐地折成了两截。| The voting was
split cleanly along party lines. 投票结果明显地反映出投票者
的党派分野
clean-ly2/`klanli; 'klenli/ adj fml careful to keep clean; habitu-
ally clean【正式】讲究清洁的，爱干净的
cleanse/klenz; klenz/ ν [T] fml【正式】1 to make (a cut, wound. 
or your skin) clean or pure使〔伤口、皮肤〕清洁；清洗；净化：
The nurse cleansed the wound before stitching it. 护士先把伤
口弄干净后才把它缝合。2 [(of)] to make morally pure or free
from guilt 使·道德上纯洁，使·免除罪恶，使··清白：He asked
God to cleanse him of his sins. 他请求上帝涤除自己的罪过。
cleans·er/`klenzo; 'klenze/ n [C; U] a substance, such as a
chemical liquid or powder, used for cleaning 清洁剂；去污粉：
Always use a gentle cleanser to remove make-up from your
face. 经常使用性质温和的洁肤水来卸妆。
clean-shav·en/'·/ adj with no hair on the lower part of the
face 脸刮得光光的；不蓄胡子的：He used to have a moustache
and beard, but now he's clean-shaven. 他以前上唇蓄须，下巴
蓄胡子，但现在脸上光光的，什么都不蓄了
clean sweep/, '·/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数]1 a complete
removal or change 大换班；大改变：The company chairman
has made a clean sweep and replaced his entire manage-
ment team. 公司董事长来了一次大换班，撤换了他的整个管理班
子。2 a complete victory 彻底的胜利，大胜：The race was a
clean sweep for Germany - they finished first, second, and
third. 比赛的结果是德国队获全胜，他们囊括了第一、二、三名。
clean-up/`klin vp; 'kli:nvp/ n 1 [S] the act of cleaning thor
oughly 扫除；清扫：a cleanup campaign against industrial pol-
lution 清除工业污染的运动 2 [C] slang, especially AmE a very
large profit【俚，尤美】赚的一大笔钱
*clear1/klir; klie/ adj 1 easy to see through 透明的：clear glass
透明的玻璃 2 free from anything that marks or darkens 清澈
的；光亮的；无污痕的：The sun shone out of a clear sky. (=with
no clouds)天空晴朗无云，阳光灿烂。| clear eyes 亮晶晶的眼
睛 | clear skin 光洁的皮肤 3 easy to hear, read, or understand
听得清的；容易读的；易懂的；清楚的：His voice rang out (as)
clear as a bell. 他的嗓音像钟声一般清晰洪亮。| a clear speaker
口齿清楚的发言者| a clear style of writing 浅显易懂的写作风
格 | The instructions on the packet weren't very clear. 封套
上的说明文字不太好懂。4 able to think and understand quickly
and well 思想敏锐的，理解力强的：a clear thinker 头脑敏锐的
思想家| He didn't have another drink because he wanted to
keep a clear head for his interview. 他希望会见时能保持清醒
的头脑，因此没有多喝一杯酒。5[(to)]impossible to doubt, 
question, or be mistaken about; plain; UNMISTAKABLE 无可置
疑的；明白无误的，明确的；明显的：a clear case of murder一桩
无可置疑的谋杀案| clear evidence of her guilt 她有罪的明显
证据| They won by a clear majority. 他们以明显的多数获胜。|
It is becoming clear (to most people) that the government's
policy was wrong. (对大多数人来说)政府的政策有误，这一点是
越来越清楚了。| [+wh-] It is not yet clear whether we will be
affected by these changes. 我们是否会受到这些变动的影响，目
前还不清楚。| One thing I'd like to makeabsolutely clearis
that. . 我想阐明的一件事是· | I don't want this to happen
again - do I make myself clear? (shows annoyance)我希望
再也不要发生这类事情—我讲的话你们听清楚了吗？6[F
(about)] feeling certain; having no doubts or uncertainty确信
的；充分了解的：She seems quite clear about her plans. 她好像
对自己的计划很有信心。| [+wh-] I'm still not quite clear how
it works/which button to press. 这东西该怎么操作[该按哪个
电钮]，我还不大清楚。7 [(of)] open; free from anything that
blocks or covers 开阔的；无阻碍的；畅通的；无遮盖的：a clear
view 开阔的视野 | The road is clear of snow now. 现在路上已
无积雪了。| to tidy up one's papers and leave a clear desk 整
理好文件，使办公桌上不放任何东西8(of time)free from(other)
planned activity〔时间〕未被（其他）预定活动占据的；空出的，没
事的：I see that next week is clear: let's meet then. 我看下周没
事，我们那时见面吧。| We have three clear weeks in which to
finish the job. 我们有3个星期的空闲时间来完成这项任务。9[(of)]
free from guilt or blame; untroubled 问心无愧的；无内疚的；清
白的；无忧虑的：with a clear conscience 问心无愧 10 [A; after 
0308
用于名词后]tech (especially of wages or profit) remaining af-
ter all taxes etc, have been paid: NET3【术语】〔工资、收入等完
税后〕净得的：I get a clear ￡200 a week. 我每周的纯收入是200
英镑。|I get ￡200 a week clear. 我每周收入净得200英镑。11
(as) clear as mudused in order to say that something is not at all
clear or easy to understand 一点都不清楚，含糊，难以理解：What
the politicians actually mean is still as clear as mud - their
words are open to so many different interpretations. 政治家
所说的实际含义很含糊——他们的话可以有许多不同的解释。
Ideally you need some one-to-one tuition on your PC, once
you have had time to work out which bits are clear as day-
light and which are clear as mud. 按照理想的做法，一旦有时
间去了解哪些部分易懂，哪些难懂的话，你需要在电脑上作些一对
一的辅导。 — ~ness n [U] — see also 另见 ALL CLEAR, CLARITY
CLEARLY, the coast is clear (COAST1)
clear2ady 1 in a clear manner 清楚地；清晰地：The signal is
coming in loud and clear. 信号响亮清晰地传来了。2 [(of)] out
of the way; so as to be no longer inside or near 不接触；不靠近
躲开；离开：She jumped clear (of the train), 她纵身一跳，避开
了（火车）。| When I get clear of (=repay) my debts, I'm go-
ing to go for a long holiday. 我还清债务后，要去度一个长假。
3[+adv/prep] completely; all the way 完全地；一直：You can
see clear to the mountains today! 今天你们可以一直看到山那
边！ — see also 另见 steer clear of (STEER1)
*clear3v 1 [I; T (of)] to (cause to) become clear(使)变清澈；（使）
变光亮；（使）变明朗：After the storm the sky cleared. 暴风雨过
后，天空晴朗了。| This soap should help clear your skin (of
spots). 这种肥皂可能会有助于使你的皮肤（去除斑点）变得光洁。
2 [T (AWAY, from, off)] to remove (anything that blocks, 
covers, or prevents movement) from(a place)清除；撤除；清
理：I'll just clear all my papers off the table. 我马上就把桌上
的文件拿走。| Will you clear the dinner plates away/clear
the table?请把菜盘撤走[把桌上的东西清理掉]。| Police cleared
the crowd/cleared the area close to the explosion. 警察把人
群驱走了[把爆炸现场附近的地区清场]。| Snowploughs have
been out clearing the roads. 扫雪车一直在清扫路面。| He
cleared his throat before beginning to speak. 他讲话前先清
了清嗓子。|(fig. 喻) This agreement will clear the way for
further talks. 这个协议会为今后的会谈扫清道路。3 [T (of)] to
show or declare to be free from blame or guilt 证明·无罪；宣
告·无罪；解除··嫌疑：He's been cleared of murdering the
old lady. 他已被证明与谋杀那位老太太无关。4 [T (with)] a to
give or get official permission to or for 批准；使得到许可：The
plans for the new road have not yet been cleared by the local
council. 建造这条新道路的各项计划还未得到地方市议会的批
准。| The plane took off as soon as it was cleared. 飞机一得
到许可就起飞了。| You can't begin the project until you've
cleared it with the authorities. 你们要得到当局的批准后才能
开始这项工程。b to satisfy all the official conditions of 符合··
的所有正式规定；办好··手续：The car cleared customs and was
soon across the border. 这辆车通过海关检查后很快就越过了
边界。5 [T] to pass by or over (something) without touching
〔不接触地〕通过；越过；穿过：The horse easily cleared the fence. 
马很轻易地越过了栅栏。6 [T] to repay (a debt) in full 还清〔债
务)7 [I; T] a to pass (a cheque) from one bank to another
through a CLEARINGHOUSE〔经由票据交换所〕交换结算〔支票〕
b (of a cheque) to pass in this way 〔支票〕兑现；结算：It will
take four days for your cheque to clear. 你的支票四天以后才
能兑现。8[T] infml to earn(more than the stated sum of money)
【非正式】净赚：She clears ￡20, 000 a year easily, 她每年轻易
地净赚2万英镑。9 [T] tech to discover the meaning of (a mes-
sage in a secret language); DECODE【术语】译解〔密码〕 10 clear
the air to remove doubt and bad feeling by honest explanation
尽释前嫌；消除隔阂 11 clear the decks infml to get ready for
action【非正式】准备行动：Let's clear the decks and start work. 
大家准备好，开始工作吧！
clear off phr v [I] infml to leave a place, often quickly【非正
式】迅速离开：Clear off before I call the police! 快走开，不然
我要叫警察了！
clear out phr v 1 [I (of)] infml to leave, especially a building
or enclosed space, often quickly【非正式】〔尤指从建筑物、院落
等〕很快地离开2 [T] (clear sthg.  out) a to collect and throw
away (unwanted objects)丢弃（无用的物品）：to clear out all
one's old clothes 把所有的破旧衣服清理掉 b to empty or make
clear of unwanted objects, dirt etc 清除·中的废[污] 物：I wish
you'd clear out your drawers -- they're full of junk. 你最好把
抽屉都清理一下，里面尽是破烂。— see also 另见 CLEAROUT
clear up phr ν1 [T] (clear sthg. ← up) to find an answer to; 
explain 说明；解释，解答：to clear up a mystery 解开谜团 | a
murder case that was never cleared up 一直没有弄清楚的谋
杀案 2 [I; T (=clear sthg.  up)] to put in order; tidy up; fin-
ish 整理，拾掇：完成：I've got a big backlog of work to clear
up by the weekend. 我有一大堆积压着的工作要在周末前完成。| 
Don't expect me to clear up after you (=tidy your things) all
the time!不要老是指望我替你收拾东西！3 [I] to become less
bad or come to an end 好转；结束； I hope the weather clears
up before Sunday. 我希望星期日前天气会转晴。
clear4n in the clear infml free from danger, guilt, debt etc【非
正式】脱离了危险的；不受嫌疑的；不欠债的：The police have
gone so we're in the clear. 警察已经走了，我们没危险了。
clear. ance/`klirens; 'kliarens/ n 1 [C; U] the act of clearing or
fact of being cleared (especially CLEAR3(2, 4, 7)清理，撤除：
批准，许可；转账，〔票据〕交换结算，兑现：Clearance of this
cheque could take a week. 支票兑现可能需时一个星期。| The
ship sailed as soon as it got clearance, 那艘船一办好离港手续
就启航了。| a programme of slum clearance (=getting rid of
old houses)拆除破旧房屋的计划 — see also 另见 CLEARANCES
2 [C; U] the distance between one object and another passing
beneath or beside it 余隙，间隙；空间，距离：The clearance be-
tween the bridge and the top of the bus was only ten centimetres. 
桥底与公共汽车车顶之间的距离只有10厘米。3[U] also又作
security clearance -official acceptance, especially after some
kind of examination, that a person can be depended on not to
tell government secrets to an enemy 保安审查：You need clear-
ance before you can work in this laboratory, 你要通过保安审
查之后才能在本实验室工作。
clear·an·ces /`klierensiz; 'kliarensz/ n [the+P] the system of
forcing people to leave their homes and land in Scotland in the
18th and 19th centuries to make the land clear for sheep
farming. Many people left Scotland and went to Canada and
the US. 清除佃户运动〔指18、19世纪为牧羊业腾出土地而迫使
人们离开苏格兰家园的做法。许多人离开苏格兰去了加拿大和美
国〕
clearance sale /'. / n a time when a shop sells goods cheaply
so as to get rid of as many as possible清仓大贱卖，大甩卖
Clea·ra. sil /`kliresil; 'kliaresil/ trademark a type of creamy
medicine that is put on the skin to stop ACNE (=spots, espe-
cially on the face), sold in the US and the UK【商标】“克里埃
拉西尔”牌粉刺霜
clear-cut /，· '·/ adj1 clear in shape; DISTINCT (2) 轮廓分明的：
形体清晰的：the clear-cut outline of the mountains against the
sky 在蓝天衬托下，群山的清晰轮廓 2 clear in meaning; DEFINITE
〔意思〕明确的；明白无误的：clear-cut plans for future expan-
sion 未来进行扩展的明确计划
clear-head·ed/, '·/ adj showing clear understanding; not
confused 头脑清醒的；明智的：a clear-headed decision 明智的
决定 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
clear-ing /`klirin; 'kliarin/ n 1 [C] a usually small area of land
cleared of trees and bushes （清除了树丛的）小块空地；林中空地：
a clearing in the forest/jungle 丛林中的一小块空地 2 [U] (in
Britain) the process of finding places at universities, used by
students who have not done as well as expected in their A-
level examinations. Usually, students are offered places be-
fore the results of their examinations are known, but they are
only able to accept the place if their results are good enough. 
If their results are not good enough, they use the clearing
system, in which they try to find a university that will accept
them. 〔英国〕大学入学报审程序〔高级程度考试成绩不理想的学生
谋求大学录取的过程。一般来说，学生在考试成绩揭晓前就已选好
大学，但只有成绩达到要求才能予以录取。如果成绩不理想，他们
就利用大学入学报审程序，试图寻找到能被录取的学校〕
clearing bank /'· ·/ n (in Britain) a bank that handles the fi-
nancial deals of companies and other people and is a member
of the London Bankers'Clearing House〔英国的)票据交换
银行；清算银行；伦敦票据交换所会员银行
clear. ing. house /klirin haus; 'kliarinhaus/n -houses /- hauziz; 
-, hauzz/ a place where banks exchange cheques and settle
their accounts〔各银行之间交换支票和结算账目的〕票据交换所
clear·ly/`klrli; 'klieli/ ady 1 in a clear manner, especially in a
way that is easy to hear, read, or understand 清楚地，明白地：to
explain something clearly/speak clearly 把事情解释清楚；说
话口齿清楚 | The bottle was clearly labelled. 瓶子上清清楚楚
地贴着说明标签。2 undoubtedly; plainly 无疑地；明显地，显然
地：That's clearly a mistake. 那无疑是个错误。| Clearly, there
will have to be an inquiry about this. 显而易见，一定要对此事
进行调查
clear·out /`klir aut; 'kliaraut/ n [S] infml, especially BrE an
act of clearing something out (CLEAR out)【非正式，尤英】清除，
清理；丢弃：We gave the house a good clearout today. 我们今
天对房子进行了一次彻底的大扫除
0309
clear-sight. ed /·/ adj1 able to see clearly 视力好的；目光
锐利的 2 able to make good judgments about the future 有眼光
的；有见识的；有远见的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
clear. way /klir, we; 'kliowei/ n especially BrE a stretch of road
which is not a MOTORWAY but on which cars can only stop
when in difficulties【尤英】紧急停车道〔车辆在发生故障时可以
停车的公路旁的一段岔道〕
cleat /klit; kli:t/ n 1 [usually pl. 一般用复数] any of several pieces
of rubber, iron etc fastened to the SOLE(=the bottom) of a shoe
to prevent slipping〔钉在鞋底上的)鞋掌防滑条 2 a small bar
with two short arms around which ropes can be tied, especially
on a ship〔尤指船上系绳用的〕羊角；系索耳
cleav. age /klivid3; 'kli:vid3/ n 1 [C; U] a break caused by
splitting; division 裂缝，裂痕；分裂处：a sharp cleavage in so-
ciety between rich and poor 社会上贫富之间的鸿沟 2 [C] the
space between a woman's breasts, especially that which can
be seen when she is wearing a low-cut dress〔妇女的〕乳沟
cleave /kliv; kli:v/ v cleaved or cleft /klaft; kleft/ or clove /klov; 
kleuv/, cleaved or cleft or cloven /kloven; 'kleuven/ [T+obj+adv/
prep] lit or old use to divide or separate by a cutting blow【文
或旧】劈开，剁开，割开
cleave to sbdy. /sthg. phr v cleaved to or clove to [T] lit or
old use【文或旧】1 to remain loyal or faithful to (a person, belief, 
custom etc)忠于〔某人、某种信仰等〕；沿袭〔某种风俗等〕；坚守；
执着于 2 to stick to (something else)贴住，粘住
cleav. er /klive; 'kli:ve/ n a heavy tool, used especially by
BUTCHERS for cutting up large pieces of meat 剁肉刀，切肉的
大菜刀
Cleese /kliz; kli:z/ John (1939-)a British television and film
actor who first became famous as one of the main characters
in MONTY PYTHON'S FLYING CIRCUS, and later as the hotel
owner Basil Fawlty in the humorous television programme
FAWLTY TOWERS. His films include A Fish Called Wanda
(1988). He is extremely tall, and usually plays characters who
look very normal but behave in strange and amusing ways. 克
利兹〔(1939-)，英国影视演员，最初因为演《蒙蒂·皮松的飞行杂
技》一主角与后来演电视喜剧节目《非常大酒店》的宾馆老板巴兹
尔·福尔蒂而成名，演过的影片包括《一条名叫旺达的鱼》(1988)。
他身材极高，常饰演一些看似正常但行为古怪而有趣的角色)
clef /klef; klef/ n a sign put at the beginning of a line of written
music to show the PITCH of the notes 〔置于五线谱一行之首表
示高低音的〕谱号：a treble/bass clef高[低]音谱号
cleft'/klaft; kleft/ n a crack, opening, or split 裂缝；裂口：a cleft
in the rocks岩石上的裂缝
cleft2 past tense and participle of CLEAVE
cleft pal. ate /，/n an unnatural split in the roof of the mouth, 
with which people are sometimes born and which causes diffi-
culty in speaking 腭裂
cleft stick //n BrE(caught) in a cleft stick (caught) in an
awkward position from which it is difficult to escape or in which
it is difficult to make a decision【英】进退两难，陷入窘境
clem. a. tis /`klemetis; 'klemets/ n [U] a climbing plant with
white, yellow, pink, or purple flowers铁线莲，女萎〔一种开白、
黄、粉红或紫色花的攀缘植物〕
clem·en·cy /`klamensi; 'klemensi/ n [U] fml【正式】1 willing-
ness not to punish or to punish less severely〔指惩罚时表现的)
宽容；仁慈，仁厚：an appeal for clemency恳求从宽处理2 mild-
ness(MILD), especially of the weather(尤指气候等的)温和
Clem. ens /klamenz; 'klemenz/, Roger(1962-) a US BASE-
BALL player who is a famous PITCHER for the Boston Red Sox
team. He won the CY YOUNG AWARD in 1986， 1987， and 1991，
and is known for his skill and speed at pitching. 克莱门斯
〔(1962-)，美国棒球运动员，是波士顿红袜队的著名投手。
1986、1987和1991年获赛·扬奖，以投球技巧和速度闻名〕
Clemens, Sam·u·el Lang. horne /semjuel `laenhorn; 
'saemjuel 'laenho:n/ the real name of the writer Mark TWAIN 克
莱门斯〔作家马克·吐温的真名〕
clem·ent /`klment; 'klement/ adj 1 fml (especially of the
weather) not severe; MILD【正式】〔尤指气候)温和的；温暖的 2 lit
showing sympathy in deciding punishments; MERCIFUL【文】
〔量刑、施罚等〕宽大的，仁慈的：a clement judge 一位宽容的法
官 — ~ly adv
clem·en·tine /klamentin; 'klementi:n/ n a kind of small sweet
orange 克莱门氏小柑橘
Clem. en. tine /klamentain; 'klementain/ a FOLK SONG about a
girl who DROWNS(=dies from being under water). In the US it
is typically sung not in a serious way, but in a humorous way
with a southern US accent. 《克莱门泰因》〔一首讲述溺水身亡
的小女孩的民歌。在美国，人们总是带着美国南部的口音，幽默地、
不是一本正经地演唱这首歌)：
Oh my darling, oh my darling, 
Oh my darling, Clementine; 
Thou art lost and gone forever, 
Dreadful sorry, Clementine. 
噢亲爱的，噢亲爱的，
我亲爱的克莱门泰因。
你已归西，一去不返
我心悲伤，克莱门泰因。
clench /klantf; klentf/ v [T] to close or hold tightly in a way
that shows determination or anger 捏紧；握紧；咬紧〔用以表现
决心)：She clenched her teeth and refused to move. 她咬紧牙
关不肯挪动一步。| He clenched his fists threateningly. 他威
胁性地握紧拳头。- clench n
Cle. o. pat. ra /klie`paetre; , kli:e-
'paetre/(69-30 BC) a queen
Cleopatra 克娄巴特拉
of Egypt, famous for her
beauty, who became the lover
of Julius CAESAR and later of
Mark ANTONY. When she and
Antony were beaten in battle
by Octavian's army, she used
an ASP (=a small poisonous
snake) to kill herself. 
Shakespeare's play Antony
and Cleopatra is based on her
relationship with Mark
Antony. 克娄巴特拉〔（公元前
69-公元前30)，埃及女王，以美
貌出名，为凯撒的情妇，后为马
克·安东尼的情妇。她和安东尼
在抗屋大维的战役中失利，遂用
蝮蛇自杀。莎士比亚戏剧《安东尼和克娄巴特拉》即根据她与马克·
安东尼的感情关系创作的〕
Cleopatra's Need. le /. ·. . / one of two ancient Egyptian OBE-
LISKS(=a very tall piece of stone with a pointed end), which
were built over 3000 years ago. One is on the EMBANKMENT in
London, and the other is in Central Park, in New York City. 克
娄巴特拉方尖碑〔指一对建于3000多年前的古埃及方尖碑中的一
块。一块立于伦敦泰晤士河河堤，另一块立于纽约市的中央公园
内〕
clere·sto. ry /klir stori; 'kliesteri/ n the upper part of the wall
of a large church, which has windows in it and rises above the
lower roofs〔大教堂内高于侧廊屋顶并开有若干长窗的〕高窗墙；
天窗；气窗
cler·gy /`kl3d3i; 'kl3:d3i/ n [(the) P](especially in the Chris-
tian Church)the people who are members of the priesthood
and who are allowed to perform religious services〔尤指基督
教会的〕神职人员
cler. gy. man /kl3d3imen; 'kl3:d3imen/ n-men /-men; -men/a
member of the clergy; priest 神职人员中的一员；牧师；教士 -
see 参见 PRIEST(USAGE)
cler·ic /klrik; 'klerik/ n a clergyman 牧师；教士；神职人员
cler·i·cal /`klrik]; 'klerikel/ adj [no comp. 无比较级] 1 of or
concerning someone who works in an office 文书的，办事员的：
clerical work 文书工作 | a clerical error 笔误 2 of or concern-
ing the clergy 神职人员的；牧师的；教士的：wearing a clerical
collar 戴着牧师的白色硬领 — ~ly /-kli; -kli/ adv
cler. i. hew /klarihju; 'klerihju:/ n a four-lined humorous poem
about a well-known person〔讥讽名人的)四行讽刺诗
*clerk1 /kl3k; kla:k/ n 1 also 又作 clerical worker - a person
employed to keep records or accounts, or to do general office
work 办事员；文牍员；簿记员；职员：a filing clerk 档案管理员
2 an official in charge of the records of a court, town council
etc〔法庭、市政厅等负责管理文书的〕书记员，文书 — see also另
见 TOWN CLERK 3 also 又作 salesclerk -AmE a person who
works in a shop selling things【美】售货员，店员 4 law a priest; 
clergyman【律】牧师；教士；神职人员 — see 参见 OFFICER
(USAGE)
*clerk2v [I] infml, especially AmE to act or work as a clerk【非正
式，尤美】当售货员[办事员；文书]
clerk of works /'/ n BrE the person in charge of building
operations in a particular place【英】〔负责某一建筑项目的〕工
程管理员，现场监工
Cleve-land /klivlend; 'kli:vlend/ a city in the US state of Ohio. 
Some people in the US use Cleveland as a typical example of
a midwestern US city. 克利夫兰〔美国俄亥俄州一城市，有些美
国人视之为美国中西部城市的典型) — see colour map on pages
A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
*clev. er /kleve; 'kleve'/ adj1 quick at learning and understanding; 
having or showing a quick, able, and effective mind; INTELLI-
0310
GENT 聪明的；才思敏捷的：the cleverest girl in the class 班上
最聪明的女孩 | a clever idea 巧妙的好主意 2 skilful in using
the hands or body （双手或身体）灵巧的，伶俐的：clever with his
handslat making things 他灵巧的双手；擅长于手工 3 infml ef-
fective and easy to use or handle【非正式】便于使用和操作的：
巧妙的：What a clever little device!多么巧妙的小装置！ 4 infml
derog having a quick mind but without seriousness, good
judgment, or sincerity【非正式，贬】有点小聪明的，滑头的：a
clever lawyer's tricks 滑头律师所耍的花招 | Don't try and
get clever with me! 不要对我耍滑头！ 5 too clever by halfinfml. 
especially BrE too sure of your cleverness, in a way that offend
people【非正式，尤英】精明过头的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
□USAGE 用法说明 In Britain, bright and smart (which
is sometimes derogatory) are informal words for clever
在英国，bright 和 smart〔有时含有贬义〕是表示聪明(clever)
的非正式用语：She's one of the brightest in the class. （她
是班上最聪明的学生之一。) | He tries too hard to be smart
(他想显得聪明，但做得太过分了。)But in the US, clever is
often derogatory and smart and bright are used more of-
ten and approvingly. 但在美国， clever 常含有贬义， smart
和 bright 则较为常用，而且带有赞许的意思：the smartest
boy in school(学校里最聪明的男孩) | She's very bright
(她非常聪明。)In both countries quick is an informal word
meaning bright and able to learn fast. 在英国和美国 quick
是表示聪明(bright)、学得快的非正式用语：Her children
are very quick. (她的孩子都很聪颖。) Brainy (infml 非正
式)means very bright, often at academic work, but some-
times suggests that someone is rather odd and does not
have a very good social life. brainy 表示非常聪明(bright), 
通常指在学术方面，但有时也有古怪、不善于交际的意思：
brainy professor who's hopeless at parties(一位智力出
众、但在聚会上却笨嘴拙舌的教授) Brilliant is a very strong
word meaning extremely bright. brilliant 是个强势词，意
为“极端聪明的”：He's a brilliant mathematician, (他是一
位卓越的数学家。) — see also 另见 GENIUS (USAGE), IN
TELLIGENT (USAGEY
clever clogs/'. / n BrE infml (an expression used to someone
when they have just made what they think is a very clever re
mark or suggestion)【英，非正式】聪明人〔称呼自认为说了聪明
话、提出聪明建议的人时所用的词语)：“Put it in the other way
up. \" -- \"I tried that an hour ago. Come on, clever clogs, you
can do better than that!” “反过来放进去。”——“我一个钟头前
就试过了。来吧，聪明人，你能干得更好！”
clever dick/'· ·/ n infml, especially BrE someone who annoys
others by trying to sound clever【非正式，尤英】说话卖弄小聪
明惹人讨厌的人，自以为聪明的人
clew/klu; klu:/ n tech (a metal circle fastened to) the lower
corner of a ship's sail【术语】帆下角，帆耳；帆耳环
Cli·burn/klaib3n; 'klaib3:n/, Van(1934- ) a US piano player
of CLASSICAL music 克莱本〔(1934-)，美国古典音乐钢琴演奏
家〕
cli·ché /kli`fe; 'kli:fei/ n derog an expression or idea used so
often that it has lost much of its expressive force【贬】陈词滥
调；老生常谈，老套：I know it's a bit of a cliché， but she means
everything to me. 我这话听起来不免像老套子，不过对我来说，
她的确意味着一切。 — compare 比较 PLATITUDE - clichéd adj:
a clichéd remark 一番陈词滥调
click1/klik; klik/ n 1 a slight short sound 喀哒声：The key turnea
with a click. 钥匙转动发出喀哒的响声。| the click of heels as
she ran down the stairs 她跑下楼梯时鞋后跟踏出的喀喀声 2 tech
a sound made, as in some African languages, by pressing the
tongue against the teeth or the roof of the mouth and then mov
ing it rapidly away【术语】〔某些语言中的〕吸气音
click2v 1 [T] to strike or move with a click〔做动作等时〕使发出
喀哒声：She clicked her fingers in time to the music. 她随着音
乐的节拍打着响指。| The soldier clicked his heels together
士兵的脚后跟喀哒一声相碰（来了个立正）。2 [I] to make a click. 
especially as a result of movement 喀哒作响〔尤指做动作所引
起)：The bolt clicked into place. 门闩喀哒一声拴上了。| The
door clicked shut. 门喀哒一声关上了。3 [I (with)] infml to
suddenly become clear or be understood【非正式】突然明白；恍
然大悟； It suddenly clicked that we had been talking about
two completely different people. 我们突然明白过来，原来我们
是在谈论两个完全不同的人。4[I(with)] infml to be a success
【非正式】走红，成功，受欢迎：a film that really clicked (with
te public)深受(观众)欢迎的一部电影| John and Anne
clicked (with each other) as soon as they met. 约翰和安妮一
见钟情。 — see also 另见 click into place (PLACE1(13)
click onsthg. phr v [T] to press a button on a computer MOUSE
(3)in order to choose something from the screen that you want
the computer to do〔使用电脑鼠标〕点击
cli. ent/klaient; 'klaient/ n 1 a person who gets help and advice
from a professional person, e. g. a lawyer 〔律师等专业人士的)
委托人，当事人 2 a person who buys goods or services 顾客，
客人：She's one of my most valued clients. 她是我最重要的顾
客之一。| a prostitute's clients 嫖客 — see 参见 CUSTOMER
(USAGE)
cli·en-tele/, klaien`tl; kli:en'tel/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] often pomp
those who use the services of a business, shop, professional
person etc【常夸张】〔使用企业、商店、专业人士等所提供之服务
的)主顾，委托人：Our clientele has/have always favoured gual-
ity rather than quantity. 我们的主顾从来都是看重质量胜过数
量。| a very select clientele 身份很高的委托人
client state/. / n [(of)] a country which is dependent upon
the support and protection of another larger and more power-
ful country〔依赖大国的〕附庸国 — compare 比较 SATELLITE
(3)
*cliff/klif; klif/ n a high very steep face of rock, ice etc, espe-
cially on a coast 〔尤指海岸的〕峭壁，悬崖：climbers clinging to
the cliff face 紧贴悬崖表面攀缘的登山人士 — see also 另见
WHITE CLIFFS OF DOVER
Cliffan informal name for Cliff RICHARD 克利夫〔克利夫·理查
德的别名〕
Cliff, Jimmy (1948-) a Jamaican singer and songwriter of
REGGAE music, known especially for his song The Harder They
Come 克利夫〔牙买加雷盖音乐歌手和作曲家，尤以一首《越来越
难》闻名〕
cliff-hang·er/`klif, haen; 'klif, haene'/n infml【非正式】1 a com-
petition or fight of which the result is in doubt until the very
end〔直到最后方见分晓的〕竞争[搏斗]；扣人心弦的紧张比赛：The
election was a real cliffhanger. 这次选举是一场真正扣人心弦
的竞争。2 (especially on the radio and on television) a play or
story of adventure, performed in parts which each end with an
exciting moment of uncertainty about what will happen next
〔尤指电台或电视上情节惊险的〕连续剧：连载的惊险小说
Clif-ford /`klifad; 'klifed/, Max(1943- ) a British business-
man who runs a PUBLIC RELATIONS company, Max Clifford
Associates, whose customers include many well-known people. 
The company's activities include giving help and advice to
people who want to sell information to the newspapers, e. g. 
about their sexual relationships with politicians or other fa-
mous people. 克利福德〔(1943-)，英国商人，经营一家公关公
司，即马克斯·克利福德合伙公司。其客户中有许多名人。该公司
的经营范围包括为打算将消息，如自己与政治家或名人的绯闻等卖
给报界的人提供服务和咨询〕
Cliff's Notes// n 1 [U] a US series of small books that give
a short description of the main points of a work of literature. 
and explain it in simple language. Students sometimes read
these instead of reading the works of literature. 《克利夫笔记》
系列丛书〔美国一系列简述文学著作要点并以简单的语言加以解释
的小册子。学生有时将小册子取代原著来阅读〕2[Cl a book in
this series(一本)《克利夫笔记》
Clif·ton Su·spen. sion Bridge, the /，kliftn se`spanfen ，brid3; 
kliftan se'spenfan brid3/ a very high bridge over the River
Avon near Bristol, designed by I. K. Brunel 克利夫顿吊桥〔布
里斯托尔附近埃文河上的一座高耸的桥梁，由I. K. 布鲁内尔设计)
cli·mac·ter·ic /klai`maekterik; klai'maektarik/n a point in life
when important changes take place in the human body, such
as the MENOPAUSE 更年期<如绝经期>
cli·mac. tic/klai`maektik; klai'maektik/ adj of or forming a CLI-
MAX 高潮的；形成高潮的：a climactic car chase 构成（故事）高
潮的汽车追逐场面 — compare 比较 CLIMATIC
cli. mate/klaimit; 'klaimt/ n 1 the average weather conditions
at a particular place over a period of years 气候：a tropical
climate 热带性气候 — compare 比较 WEATHER1 2 the general
feelings or opinions of a group of people at a particular time
〔某一时期社会上的〕风气：思潮；风尚；趋势：the present politi-
cal climate 当前的政治气候| a climate of unrest 动荡不安的
局势
cli·mat. ic/klai`maetik; klai'maetik/ adjof climate 气候的：cli-
matic conditions 气候情况 compare 比较 CLIMACTIC-
~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
cli·ma·tol·o. gy/, klaime`taled3i; klaime'toled3i/n [U] the sci-
ence that studies climate 气候学
cli. max'/klaimaeks; 'klaimaeks/ n 1 the most exciting, important. 
or effective part in a story, experience, set of events etc, which
usually comes near the end〔小说、经历、一组事件等的〕高潮[顶
点]：The climax of the film is a brilliant car chase. 影片的高潮
0311
是一场精彩的汽车追逐戏。| The election campaign reached
its climax last night, with a televised debate between the two
candidates. 昨晚竞选活动达到了高潮，电视直播了两位候选人之
间的辩论。- — see also 另见 ANTICLIMAX 2 the highest point of
sexual pleasure; ORGASM性交的高潮，性快感
climax2v[I (in)] to come to a climax 达到顶点[高潮]：a life of
service to the nation. climaxing in her appointment as presi-
dent 她为国家服务的一生，以当上总统而达到了高峰
*climb1/klaim; klaim/ v1 [T] to go up towards the top of 向高处
爬，向上攀登：They climbed the hill, 他们爬山。[ The little
train climbed the mountainside slowly. 小火车慢慢地在山坡
上往上爬。2 [I] to rise or slope upwards continuously 徐徐上
升；爬高；冒起；上涨；斜着向上：The plane/The road climbed
steeply. 飞机斜着往上升；道路陡峭地通向高处。| The sun climbed
steadily in the sky. 太阳在空中徐徐升起。| The value of im-
ports has climbed (=increased) sharply in the past year. 去年
进口货物的价值急剧上升。| (fig. 喻) He climbed to power
slowly but surely. 他慢慢地、很稳当地爬到了掌权的地位。3[I:
T] to go up, through, into, or out of etc, usually moving from a
lower to a higher position, by using the hands and feet〔手脚并
用地向上)攀，爬：to climb a ladder/a tree 爬梯子；爬树 | The
old lady climbs (up) the stairs with difficulty. 老太太吃力地爬
上楼梯。| She climbed into the lifeboatlonto the tablelout of
the window. 她爬进了救生艇[爬上了桌子] [爬出了窗子]。| We
climbed down the side of the cliff. 我们从悬崖的侧面爬了下
来。4 [I(up); T] (of a plant) to grow upwards along (a sup
porting surface)(植物〕 （沿··）攀缘而上：I have several climb-
ing plants in the garden. 我的花园里长着几株攀缘植物。5 [I+into, 
out of] infml to get into or out of clothing quickly or with
effort【非正式】〔急忙或费力地〕穿上[脱下]衣服：The firemen
climbea into their uniform:, 消防队员急忙套上了制服。 6 go
climbing to climb hills or mountains as a sport 〔作为体育运
动)爬山，登山：We went climbing in the Alps last year. 我们去
年攀登了阿尔卑斯山
climb down phr v [I] infml to admit that you have been wrong
or have made a mistake especially so as to make a difficult
situation easier【非正式】承认做错了事：退让，让步：屈服
climb-down /' / n: His last-minute climb-down saved the
country from war. 他最后一刻的让步使国家免遭战争的灾难。
climb2n [usually sing. 一般用单数] 1 an act of climbing or a
journey made by climbing 攀登（的路程）：The climb down was
even harder than the climb up, 往下爬甚至比往上爬还困难。
te minister's climl to power部长为获得权力而向上爬的过程
2 a place to be climbed; very steep slope 攀登处；陡坡：There
was a steep climb on the road out of town. 市外公路上有一处
很陡的上坡路
climb·er /`klaime: 'klaime/ n a person or thing that climbs 攀
登者；攀登物：This plant is a good climber. 这种植物攀缘能力
很强。| a famous mountain climber 一个著名的登山运动员
climb·ing frame /'·/ BrE【英】‖ jungle gym, monkey bars
AmE【美】- n a large frame made of bars for children to climb
on〔儿童玩的〕攀登架
climb. ing i. ron /'·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a CRAMPON
〔登山用的〕铁爪器，钉鞋
clime /klaim; klaim/ n poet for CLIMATE【诗】气候，风土：sunny
southern climes 阳光明媚的南方气候
clinch1/klintf; klintf/ v 1 [T] infml to settle (a business matter
or an agreement) firmly【非正式】解决〔争端、交易)：达成〔协议〕
The two businessmen clinched the deal quickly. 两位生意人
很快达成了协议。| The offer of more money clinched it for
her and she accepted the job. 提高报酬的建议促成了她作出决
定，接受了这份工作。2 [I](of two people) to hold each other
tightly with the arms, especially when fighting〔尤指两人打架)
互相紧紧抱 [扭]住 3 [T] to fix (a nail) in place by bending the
point over敲弯钉头使钉牢[固定]
clinch2n [S] the position of two people when holding each other
tightly with the arms(两个人)互相紧抱的姿势，拥抱：揪扭：The
two fighters/lovers were locked in a clinch. 两个拳击手| 恋
人]互相紧抱在一起
clinch-er /`klintfo; 'klintfe/ n infml a last point, fact, or remark
which decides an argument【非正式】〔解决争论的〕决定性论点
[事实、意见]；关键性的话
cline /klain; klain/ n tech (especially in grammar) something
that changes gradually, like a slope rather than like stairs; 
CONTINUUM【术语】〔尤指语法中的渐变〕连续体；渐变性
Cline, Patsy (1932-1963) a US COUNTRY AND WESTERN singer
who died in a plane crash. A film called Sweet Dreams was
made about her life, and this is also the name of one of her
songs. 克莱因〔(1932-1963)，美国乡村与西部音乐歌手，死于飞
机失事。影片《甜梦》讲述了她的生平，这也是她的一首同名歌曲)
cling /klin; klin/ v clung /klvn; klvn/ [I (to)] 1 to hold tightly
refuse to go or let go; stick firmly 紧握[紧抱]住：牢牢粘着：缠
着：His wet shirt clung to his body. 湿衬衫紧紧粘在他的身上。
They clung to one another for comfort. 他们互相抱着以求得
到安慰。| (fig. 喻) She still clings to the belief that her son is
alive. 她仍然抱着儿子还活着的信念。2 to stay very near; re-
main too close, especially because of lack of confidence 〔尤指
由于缺乏信心而)挨近，贴近，靠拢：a little child who clings to
his mother 紧挨着妈妈的小孩
cling·film /`klnfilm; 'klinfilm/ especially BrE ‖ plastic wrap. 
Saran wrap AmE trademark【美，商标】- n [U] a thin trans-
parent plastic put round foods to keep them fresh【尤英】〔食物
的〕保鲜膜
cling·y /`klini; 'klini/ also 又作 cling·ing /`klinin; 'klinin/ adj
1 someone who is clingy is too dependent on another person
(人)依赖性强的：a timid, clingy child 一个胆小且依赖性强的
小孩 2 clingy clothing or material sticks tightly to your body
and shows its shape 〔服装〕紧身的
clin-ic /`klinik; 'klinik/ n 1 a especially BrE a building or part
of a hospital where usually specialized medical treatment and
advice is given to OUTPATIENTs【尤英】诊所；〔医院的〕门诊部：
a family-planning clinic 计划生育门诊部，家庭计划[节育]中
心 b AmE a building, often a part of a hospital, where treat-
ment is given at a lower cost or free【美】减免费门诊部 2 an
occasion when treatment is given at a clinic门诊（时间）；会诊
Is the clinic being held today?今天有门诊吗？ — compare 比
较 SURGERY (2) 3 a group of doctors who work together and
share the same offices 〔医院的)科：Go to the clinic that Dr
Jones belongs to. 去琼斯医生所在的科（看病）。4 an occasior
in a hospital when medical students are taught by watching the
treatment of sick people 临床教学；临床实习课 5 a meeting held
by a skilled or professional person to which people bring their
problems〔有专家回答问题的)座谈会，咨询会：an MP's weekly
clinic for his constituents 下议院议员为其选区选民举行的每周
一次的座谈会
clin. i. cal /klinikl; 'klimikal/ adj 1 of or connected with a clinic
or hospital 诊所的；医院的 2 [A](of medical teaching) given
in a hospital and using sick people as examples〔医学教学)临
床（讲授）的：clinical training 临床培训| clinical medicine 临
床医学 3 appearing not to be influenced by personal feelings; 
cold; DETACHED 冷静的；客观的；不偏不倚的，超然的：his clini-
cal attitude towards his divorce 他对于离婚的冷静客观态度
~ly/-kli; -kli/adv
clinical ther. mom·e. ter /. . . '. /n tech a THERMOMETER for
measuring the temperature of the human body【术语】体温表
[计]
clink'/klink; klink/ v [I; T] to (cause to) make a slight high
sound like that of pieces of glass lightly hitting each other(使)
发出丁当声：They clinked their glasses together to toast the
bride and groom. 他们碰杯向新娘和新郎祝酒。- clink n [S]:
the clink of glasses 玻璃杯碰撞的丁当声
clink2n [the+S] slang prison【俚】牢房：He's in the clink. 他关
在牢里。
clink-er /'klinke; 'klinke/ n [C; U] (a lump of) the partly burnt
matter left after coal has been burned; (a piece of) SLAG 炉渣：
渣块，烧结块
clinker-built /，. / adj tech (of a boat or ship) made from
boards or plates whose bottom edges cover the top edges of
the next lower boards or plates【术语】〔船侧的木板〕瓦叠式搭
造的，鳞状建造的
Clin. ton /`klinten; 'klinten/, Bill
(1946-)the 42nd President of the
Bill Clinton 克林顿
US. He was elected President of the
US in 1992 and again in 1996
Clinton was a popular President for
most of his period in office, because
the US economy was strong. He
was also popular in the UK and
Ireland for his strong support for
the PEACE PROCESS in Northern
Ireland. But his position was seri-
ously weakened by claims that he
had been involved in dishonest
business dealings, and especially by
claims made by several women that
he had had secret sexual relations with them. In 1998， he ad-
mitted that he had had 'an inappropriate relationship' with a
young woman named Monica LEWINSKY while she was work
ing in the White House in 1995. Clinton's wife is Hillary
Rodham Clinton. 克林顿〔(1946- )，美国第 42任总统，1992
0312
年当选，1996年连任，任期内大部分时间因为美国经济实力雄厚
而深得民心。在英国和爱尔兰因其极力支持北爱尔兰的和平进程
而广受欢迎。但有人声称他涉及不正当的商业交易，尤其是几位
女子声称曾与其发生过性关系，这大大削弱了他的地位。1998
年，他承认1995年在年轻女子莫妮卡·莱温斯基于白宫工作期
间曾与其有过“不正当关系”。其妻子为希拉里·罗德姆·克林
顿) — see also 另见 LEWINSKY, SEXUAL RELATIONS, STARR, 
ZIPPERGATE
Clinton, Hil-la. ry Rod. ham /hileri `radem; 'hileri 'rodem/
(1946-)the wife of President Bill Clinton and the former FIRST
LADY of the US. She is considered to be a very successful in-
telligent lawyer, although some people in the US think that
she has too much influence over her husband in his political
decisions. She strongly supported her husband when he was
criticized for having a sexual relationship with Monica
LEWINSKY. 希拉里·克林顿〔(1946-)，总统比尔·克林顿之妻，前
美国第一夫人。她被认为是杰出的、极具才智的律师，但在美国有
些人认为她过分干涉其丈夫的政治决策。在丈夫因与莫妮卡·莱温
斯基发生性关系而遭受批评时，她曾对他极力支持
Cli. o /klio; 'kli:eu/ trademark a type of small car made by the
French company RENAULT. Its advertisements used to show a
young French woman called Nicole and her father('Papa'). 
【商标】“克利奥”汽车〔法国雷诺汽车公司制造的小型汽车。过去
在其广告上常有一位年轻的法国女子妮科尔和她爸爸
clip1/klip; klip/ n 1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词) any of vari-
ous kinds of small plastic or metal objects used for holding
things tightly together or in place 回形针；夹子；发夹：Fasten
these bills together with a paper clip, please. 请用纸夹子把这
些单据夹在一起。2 a container in or fastened to a gun, from
which bullets can be rapidly passed into the gun for firing子弹夹
clip2v-pp-[I+adv/prep; T+obj+adv/prep] to (cause to) fasten
onto something with a clip 夹住：Do your earrings clip on?你
戴的耳环是夹上去的吗？|Clip these sheets of paper together/
onto this board. 把这些纸夹在一起[夹在这块板上]。
clip3 v-pp-[T] 1 to cut with scissors or another sharp instrument, 
especially in order to make shorter or neater〔用剪刀等)修剪：I
must clip the hedge. 我必须修剪树篱。| We clipped 50 sheep
today. (=cut off their wool)今天我们给50头绵羊剪了毛。|
The guard on the train clipped our tickets. 火车上的列车员给
我们剪了票。2[+obj+adv/prep] infml to hit with a short quick
blow【非正式】快速突然的击打：She clipped him round the ear. 
她猛地打了他一耳光。3clip someone's wings to prevent some-
one from being as active or powerful as before限制某人的活
动；削弱某人的力量；抑制某人的权力
clip4n 1 [C] an act of clipping (CLIP3(1)修剪：Give the hedge
a clip. 把树篱修剪一下。2 [C] something clipped, such as a a
short piece of a longer film 剪下的一段东西<如影片>：They
showed a clip from her new film on TV last night. 昨晚他们在
电视上播放了她新片子的一段。b tech the quantity of wool cut
from a FLOCK(a group) of sheep at one time【术语】一群羊一次
剪下的羊毛量 c especially AmE a newspaper CUTTING【尤美】
剪报 3[C] infml a short quick blow【非正式】猛击：I gave him
a clip around the ear. 我给了他一记耳光。4 [S] infml a fast
speed【非正式】高速度；快速：We moved off at a good clip. 我
们迅速地离开了。
clip. board /klip bord; 'klipbo:d/ n a small board with a clip at
the top so that sheets of writing paper can be held firmly in
place 有夹子的书写板
clip joint /'/ n derog slang a dishonest business, especially a
restaurant or NIGHTCLUB, that regularly charges too much【贬，
俚】专敲顾客竹杠、索价昂贵的场所<尤指饭馆或夜总会
clip-on /'/ adj [A] that can be fastened to something with a
clip 可用夹子夹住的：clip-on earrings 夹式耳环| a clip-on tie
夹式领带
clipped /klipt; klipt/ adj 1 (of a way of speaking) with words
pronounced quickly and rather sharply [说话]急促的 2 tech
(of a word) shortened by having a part left out【术语】〔词语)截
短的；缩略的：‘Ad’is a clipped form of'advertisement'. “ad”
是“advertisement”的缩写。
clip. per /'klipa; 'klipe'/n a fast sailing ship used in former times, 
especially for travelling over long distances〔尤指旧时作长距
离航行的〕快速帆船
clip·pers /`klipaz; 'klipez/ n [P](often in comb. 常用于复合词)
a tool with two blades used for cutting the nails or hair, and
also for HEDGES, wire etc剪（子）<如指甲刀、理发推子、修枝剪、
电线剪等>— see 参见PAIR(USAGE)
clip-pie /'klipi; 'klipi/ n BrE old-fash slang a person, especially
a woman, employed to take the passengers'payments on a bus
【英，过时，俚】公共汽车上的〔尤指女性〕售票员
clip-ping /klipin; 'klipin/ n a piece cut off or out of something
剪下物：nail clippings 剪下的指甲|grass clippings 修剪下来
的草|(especially AmE 尤美) a newspaper clipping 剪报
clique /klik; kli:k/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] derog a closely united usu-
ally small group of people who do not allow others easily to
join their group【贬】小集团；小圈子；派系；帮会；朋党
cli·quish /'klikif; 'kli:kif/ also 又作 cli·quey /kliki; 'kli:ki/ -
adj derog of or like a clique; EXCLUSIVE【贬】小集团（似）的，
派系的；排他（性）的 — ~ness n[U]
clit. o. ris /klaiteris; 'kliters/ n a small organ at the front of the
VULVA that is a centre of sexual sensation in women阴蒂，阴
核--ral adj
Clive of In. di. a / klaiv ev `indre; klarv ev 'indie/(1725-1774)
a British soldier and government leader, Robert Clive, whose
victories over the French and Bengali armies in India helped
to establish British rule in India 印度的克莱武((1725-1774)，
指英国军事家和行政长官罗伯特·克莱武。在印度，他对法军和孟
加拉军队的胜利有助于英国在当地建立起统治〕
Cllr BrE written abbrev. for 缩写=COUNCILLOR(=an elected
member of a council)【英】市政委员；议员：Cllr Williams 市政
委员威廉斯
cloak1/klok; kleok/ n 1 a loose outer garment, usually without
SLEEVES, which is fastened under the throat, covers most of
the body, and is sometimes worn instead of a coat 斗篷，披风
 — compare 比较 CAPE'2 something which covers, hides, or
keeps secret 覆盖物；遮蔽物；伪装，借口；假面具：His friendly
behaviour was a cloak for his evil intentions. 他的友好行为不
过是他险恶居心的伪装。
cloak2v [T(with, in)] to cover, hide, or keep secret (ideas, 
facts, intentions etc)掩盖，掩饰〔想法、事实、意图等)：cloaked
in secrecy/mystery 掩藏在秘密[神秘]的气氛之下
cloak-and-dag-ger /. ·/ adj [A] full of exciting mystery
and secrecy 秘密而惊险的；有关阴谋[间谍]活动的：He had been
involved in cloak-and-dagger operations for the secret ser-
vices. 他一直在为情报机关从事秘密活动。
cloak·room /`klok, rum; 'kleokrom/ n1 also 又作 checkroom, 
coat room, coat check AmE【美】- a room, e. g. in a theatre, 
where hats, coats etc, can be left for a short time衣帽间；衣帽
寄存处 2 euph, especially BrE a TOILET, especially in a public
building【婉，尤英】〔尤指公众场所的〕厕所，洗手间，化妆室
clob. ber/klab; 'klobe/ v [T] slang【】1 to strike or attack
severely and repeatedly 狠揍；[不停地)猛打：I'll clobber you
if you don't do what you're told. 你如果不按所吩咐的去做, 看
我狠狠地揍你。2 to defeat completely 彻底击败：They were
absolutely clobbered in last night's game. 他们在昨晚的比赛
中被彻底击败了。
clobber2n [U] slang, especially BrE【俚，尤英】1 the belong-
ings that one carries around with one 随身带的东西：my fish-
ing clobber 我随身带的渔具2 old-fash clothes【过时】衣服
cloche /klof; klof/ n 1 a glass or transparent plastic cover put
over young plants to protect them〔保护幼嫩植物的)玻璃罩，透
明塑料罩2 a close-fitting bell-shaped woman's hat, popular
especially in the 1920s〔尤流行于20世纪20年代的圆顶狭边)
吊钟形女帽
clocks 时钟
alarm clocks
闹钟
digital
clock
数字显示
carriage clock
式时钟
便携式时钟
travelling alarm clock
旅行闹钟
grandfather clock
落地式大摆钟
cuckoo clock
杜鹃报时钟
*clock1 /klak; klok/ n 1 [C] an instrument for measuring and
showing time that is not worn on the body(时)钟：The clock
0313
in the living room is (running) a few minutes fast/slow, 起居
室里的钟快[慢]了几分钟。| The clock struck one. 时钟敲响了
1点钟。| I set my alarm clock for 6. 30. 我把闹钟拨到6点半
响。| We met under the Town Hall clock. 我们是在市政厅大
时钟下面相会的。| the face/hands of a clock 时钟的盘面| 指
针] | a digital clock 数字式时钟 — see 参见 USAGE 2 [the+S]
infml【非正式】a a MILEOMETER 行车里程计 [表]：a car with
10, 000 miles on the clock 行车里程计上累积达1万英里的汽车
b a SPEEDOMETER 速度表[计] 3 against the clock: a under
pressure, in order to complete something before a certain time
抢时间，抢在某一时刻之前：We're working against the clock
to finish the report by Friday. 我们正抢时间要在星期五之前完
成这份报告。b (in sport etc) timed by a STOPWATCH〔在体育运
动等中)用秒表计时：The jump-off will be against the clock. 
比赛一开始即用秒表计时。4 around/round the clock all day
and all night without stopping 日夜不停地，日以继夜地：We
worked arounc the clock to finish the job, 我们为了完成任务
日以继夜地工作。 — see also 另见 ROUND-THE-CLOCK 5 put
the clock back ‖ also 又作 set the clock back AmE【美】：a (in
countries which officially change the time at the beginning of
winter and summer) to change the time shown on a clock to a
time one or two hours earlier 〔夏令等时间结束〕把时钟拨慢〔1
或2小时) b to set aside modern laws, ideas, practices etc and
return to those of an earlier period 开倒车，倒退，倒行逆施；复
古：The government's plans for education will put the clock
back 20 years. 政府的教育计划将使教育倒退20年。6 put the
clock on/forward also 又作 set the clock ahead AmE【美】-
(in countries which officially change the time at the beginning
of winter and summer)to change the time shown on a clock to
a time one or two hours later 〔夏令等时间开始时〕把时钟拨快
(1或2小时)：In Britain they put the clock on an hour in spring. 
英国在春季把时钟拨快一个小时。 — see also 另见 BRITISH SUM-
MER TIME, DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 7 watch the clock derog
to think continually of how soon the day's work will end【贬】
看着时钟盼下班：a bad worker who's always watching the clock
老是看着钟等下班的懒工人| a clock-watcher 老是瞧着钟等下
班[下课]的人 — see also 另见 O'CLOCK, BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
24 HOUR CLOCK, CLOCK-WATCHING
□USAGE 用法说明 If a clock or watch says 11. 50 at 12
o'clock, then it is (10 minutes) slow; if it says 12. 05， it is
(5 minutes) fast. If it gets faster every day it gains (time); 
if it gets slower every day it loses (time). When you put it
to the right time you set it. 如果一个钟或表在 12点时指着
11点50分，那么这个钟或表就是(10 minutes) slow （慢10
钟)；如果指着12点5分，它就是(5 minutes)fast （快5分
钟)。如果钟或表每天越走越快就说 it gains (times); 如果
钟或表每天越走越慢，则说 it loses(time); 把时间拨正用 set
a clock [watch]: I set my watch by the radio. (=by listen-
ing to the radio time signal)(我按照电台的报时校正我的手
表。) — see also 另见O'CLOCK (USAGE), TIME4 (USAGE). 
TO1(USAGE)
clock2y [T] 1 to record the time taken by (someone) to do
(something), using a STOPWATCH〔用秒表〕为··计时：She was
clocked at 59 seconds for the first lap. 秒表计出她跑第一圈的
时间是59秒。2 infml to show or record on a SPEEDOMETER
MILEOMETER etc【非正式】〔用速度表或里程计〕显示| 记下]〔速
度、里程等)：We clocked 100 mph down the motorway, 速度
表显示出我们在快车道上行驶的速度为每小时100英里。3BrE
slang to hit (someone)【英俚】揍，殴打〔某人)4 BrE slang to
see【英俚】看到
clock in/onphr v [I] 1 to record the time when you arrive at
work, usually on a special card. People who have to clock in
when they arrive at work are usually BLUE-COLLAR workers
〔通常用特制的卡片〕记录上班的时间：打上班卡〔上班需要打卡的
一般是蓝领工人)2 to arrive at work 上班：We usually clock in
at 9 o'clock. 我们通常上午9点上班。
clock out/offphr v [I] 1 to record the time when you leave
work, usually on a special card. People who have to clock out
when they leave work are usually BLUE-COLLAR workers. 〔通
常用特制的卡片〕记录下班的时间；打下班卡〔下班需要打卡的一
般是蓝领工人)2 to leave work 下班
clock up sthg. phr ν [T] infml【非正式】1 to record (a dis-
tance travelled, a speed reached, points won etc)记录〔行程、
达到的速度、获得的分数等)；达到：We clocked up 1000 miles
coming here. 我们到这里来，走了 1000 英里。2 to succeed in
getting; gain 成功地获得：The team has clocked up six victo-
ries since the season began. 这个赛季开始以来该队已获得6
场胜利。
clock3n a decorative pattern on the side of a sock or STOCKING
袜子边上[脚踝处]的装饰花纹
clock-ra-di. o/, ·/ n a RADIO ALARM 收音机闹钟
clock tow. er/'. / n a usually four-sided tower often forming
part of a building, such as a church, and with a clock on each
of the sides, near the top 钟楼
clock-watch. ing/'·/ n [U] the act of watching the time very
carefully when you are at work because you are waiting to go
home老是看钟等下班的行为 - — see also另见 watc the e clock
(CLOCK1)
clock·wise /klak waiz; 'klokwaiz/ adj, adv in the direction in
which the hands of a clock move 顺时针方向的 [地]：Turn the
lid clockwise if you want to fasten it tightly. 如果要把盖子拧
紧，就得顺时针方向拧。| a clockwise movement of the lid 盖
子顺时针方向的转动 — opposite 反义词 anticlockwise BrE
【英】，counterclockwise AmE【美】
*clock·work/`klak, w3k; 'klokw3:k/n [U] 1 machinery that can
usually be wound up with a key, and that is used especially in
clocks and toys 〔尤指用于钟表和玩具上的〕发条装置：The chil
dren played with their clockwork trains. 孩子们在玩用发条开
动的玩具火车。2 like clockwork smoothly and without trouble
安稳地，顺利地；精确地；有规律地：The arrangements went
ahead like clockwork. 事情安排得有条不紊。3 regular as
clockwork in a completely regular way 经常地；极有规律地：
He visits us every friday, regular as clockworl. 他每个星期
五都要来访，非常有规律。
Clockwork Or·ange, A /，··/ a novel written in 1962 by the
British writer Anthony BURGESS, about a group of young men
who live in a future time and behave in a very violent way. It
was made into a film by Stanley KUBRICK in 1971， but he
stopped allowing it to be shown in the UK because he believed
that people were copying the violent actions of the actors in
the film. 《装有发条的橘子》〔英国作家安东尼·伯吉斯于1962年
创作的一部小说，描述一群生活在未来时空、行为极其粗暴的年轻
人。1971年斯坦利·库布里克将其改编成电影，但他认为人们正在
模仿影片中演员的暴力行为而终止该片在英国放映〕
clod/klad; klod/ n 1 a lump or mass, especially of clay or earth
块，〔尤指〕土块，泥块 2 infml a stupid person; fool【非正式】傻
瓜；笨蛋 — ~dish adj
clod-hop. per /klad, hape; 'klod, hope/ n 1 an awkward per-
son with rough manners 〔笨拙的)粗人 2 [usually pl. 一般用复
数] humor a big heavy strong shoe【幽】结实笨重的大鞋子
clog1/klag; klog/ n 1 [usually pl. 一般用复数] a kind of shoe
that either has a thick wooden bottom(SOLE) or is completely
made from one piece of wood 木底鞋；木屐；木鞋 — see 参见
PAIR (USAGE), and see picture at 并见 SHOE 图 2 something
that makes movement or action difficult, especially a heavy
block of wood fastened to an animal's leg to stop it wandering
〔绑在动物腿上以限制其乱跑的〕木坠子；障碍物 — see also另
见 CLEVER CLOGS
clog2v -gg- [I; T (UP, with)] to (cause to) become blocked or
filled so that movement or activity is very difficult(使)阻碍
[堵塞]：The pipe's clogged with grease. 油脂堵塞了管子。| The
road to the airport is clogged with traffic. 去机场的路交通阻
塞得很厉害。
clog dance/' / n a kind of COUNTRY DANCE in which the
dancers wear clogs 木屐舞〔舞者脚穿木屐的一种乡村舞蹈〕
cloi·son·ne/kloize`ne; klwa:'zonei/ n [U] decorative work in
which different colours of ENAMEL(=a glasslike substance often
used for covering metal) are kept apart by thin metal bands景
泰蓝
clois·ter1/`kloiste; 'kloiste/ n 1 [C] also 又作 cloisters pl. - a
covered passage which has open archways on one side facing
into an open square garden or courtyard, and which usually
forms part of a church, college, MONASTERY, or CONVENT 〔教
堂、学院、修道院等庭院周围的〕回廊，走廊 2 [the+S](the peace-
ful life of) a CONVENT or MONASTERY 修道院；修道院的宁静生
活
cloister2v [T] to shut (especially oneself) away from the world
in or as if in a CONVENT or MONASTERY 使〔尤指自己〕与尘世
隔绝：使隐居于修道院中：a scientist who cloisters himself in
his laboratory 把自己关闭在实验室里的科学家 | He had led a
cloistered existence and had little experience of ordinary life
他曾过着与世隔绝的生活，因此对普通的日常生活绝少经验。
clone/klon; kleun/ n 1 tech the descendant of a single plant or
animal, produced nonsexually from any one cell, and with ex-
actly the same form as the parent【术语】无性（繁殖）系；无性繁
殖系的细胞 2 infml a person or thing that seems to be a copy of
someone or something else【非正式】某人[某物]的翻版；酷似
的人 [物]；复制品：He's got no originality -- he's just a David
0314
Bowie clone. 他缺乏独创性—不过是戴维·鲍伊的仿效者。-
compare 比较 IDENTIKIT, LOOK-A-LIKE 3 a microcomputer (=a
small computer) that can use SOFTWARE that is really made for
another company's computers 微型电脑兼容机：The new com
puter is yet another IBM clone. 这种新电脑不过是国际商用机
器公司产品的兼容机。- cloneν[T]
Cloon·ey /`kluni; 'klu:ni/ George(1961- ) a US film actor. 
famous for appearing in the television programme ER. His films
include Batman and Robin (1997)，克卢尼〔(1961- )，美国电
影演员，以演出电视剧《仁心仁术》出名。他的影片包括《蝙蝠侠与
罗宾》(1997)〕
clop /klap; klop/ v-pp-[I (along)] to move making a sound
like horses' hooves (HOOF) hitting a hard surface 发出〔马蹄声
般的〕嗒嗒声 - clop n[S]
Clor. ets /klo`rats; klo:'rets/ trademark a type of small round
sweet with a mint taste, which people suck to make their breath
smell pleasant【商标】嘉绿仙薄荷糖
Clo. rox /'kloraks; 'klo:roks/ trademark a common type of
BLEACH sold in the US【商标】“高乐氏”漂白水
the windows/the gate. 把窗户 [大门]关上。| Close your eyes
and go to sleep. 闭上眼睛睡觉吧。| The door closed behind
me as I went out. 我一出去，门随即关上了。2 [I; T] to (cause
to) stop being open to the public(使)停止对外（开放）；（使）关
门；（使）歇业，打烊：What time does the bank/the park close?
银行[公园]什么时候关门？| The shop closes for lunch. 商店
午餐时停止营业。3 [I; T (DOWN)] to (cause to) stop operating
or providing services, especially without the intention of start-
ing again （使）停业：The firm has decided to close (down) its
London branch. 这家公司已决定关闭其伦敦的分公司。| Hun-
dreds of jobs were lost when the factory closed, 工厂倒闭使
数以百计的工人失了业。| They may be forced to close the lo-
cal hospital. 他们可能要被迫关闭当地的医院。 4 [I; T] to come
to an end or bring to an end(使)结束；（使）停止：The confe-
rence closed with a short speech by the organizer. 会议以组织
者的一篇简短演说而宣告结束。| to close one's account with
a bank 撤销在银行的户头 | He scored a goal in the closing
minutes of the game. 他在比赛结束前几分钟进了一球。5 [T]
to settle (a matter); come to an agreement about 解决〔某事)
达成〔协议)；议妥，商定：The question is now closed and there
will be no further discussion. 问题已经解决，今后不再讨论。
She was promoted afterclosing a deal worth ￡2 million. 她在
谈妥了一笔200万英镑的生意后被提升了。 — see also 另见 CLOS
ING 6 [I; T] to (cause to) come together （使）围拢；（使）闭合：
His arms closed tightly round her. 他双臂紧紧环抱着她。| That
wound will soon close (up). 那伤口很快就会愈合的。7 [I+adv/
prep](of business shares, CURRENCY etc) to be worth a par-
ticular amount at the end of a day's trading, e. g. on the STOCK
EXCHANGE〔股票等〕以··的价格收盘：The pound closed at $1. 69
last night. 昨晚英镑以1. 69美元的价格收盘。| The company's
shares closed down/closed lower after heavy selling, 这家公
司的股票在大量抛售之后收市[以低价收盘]。— see 参见 OPEN
(USAGE)
close (sthg. )down phr v [I; T] a (of a radio or televisior
station) to stop broadcasting at the end of the day〔电台、电视
台在一天的播送后〕结束〔广播) b to cause (a radio or television
station) to stop broadcasting at the end of the day 使〔电台或电
视台在一天的播送之后〕结束〔广播〕 — see also 另见 CLOSE' (2)
CLOSEDOWN
close in phr v [I (on, upon)] to surround gradually and usu-
ally from all sides, especially in a threatening way 逐渐包围：
The people were trapped when the enemy army began to close
in (on them). 敌军开始包围上来的时候，这些人就被围困了。|
(fig. 喻) Night is closing in. 夜幕降临。
close (sthg. )out phr v[I; T] AmE (of a business) to try to
get rid of (all your goods) by selling them at reduced prices
【美】〔商行以折扣价格〕清仓销售，大甩卖，出清存货
close (sbdy. /sthg. )up phr v [I; T] to (cause to) come nearer
each other or draw together （使）互相靠拢，靠近；缩小··的间隔：
Close up the ranks!队伍靠拢！ | The cut on her arm soon
closed up. 她手臂上的伤口很快就愈合了。
close with sbdy. /sthg, phr y [T] 1 BrE to agree with
(someone)or to(something)【英】与··达成协议；接受〔提议等〕：
The businessman quickly closed with the offer/closed with
the inspector. 商人很快接受了报价[很快同意了稽查员的意见]。
2 lit to begin to fight【文】开始与··交战[搏斗]：The two armies
closed with each other. 双方的军队开始交战_
*close2 /klos; kleus/ adj 1 [(to)] near; not far away in space or
time 靠近的；离开不远的：The church is close to the shops. 教
堂离商店不远。| He was shot at close range. 他是在近距离被
枪杀的。| The exams are getting very closelare gettingtoo
close for comfort ； I must do some work for them. 考试日期越
来越近[近在眼前令人不安]；我得用功应付考试了。|Her par-
ents liveclose at hand . 她的父母就住在附近。| (fig. 喻) The
question of womer's rights is a subiect close to her hear. 女
权问题是她非常关心的一个问题。2 near in relationship, friend-
ship, or degree of connection 近亲的；亲密的；关系密切的：He's
a close relativelone of my closest friends. 他是我的一位近亲
[我的一位最亲密的朋友]。| She and her mother have always
been very close. 她同母亲的关系一直很密切。| He has close
links with terrorist groups. 他同恐怖分子团体有密切的联系。
Sources close to the government are predicting an election. 
接近政府的消息来源预测即将举行大选。3 a tight; with little o
no space 密集的；紧凑的；很少[没有]空隙的；稠密的：close
stitches密密麻麻的针脚| You need a magnifying glass to read
such close print. 阅读这样密的印刷文字需要用放大镜。b very
near to the surface 贴近表层的；剪短的：The barber gave him a
close shave. 理发师把他的脸刮得非常光洁。 — see also 另见
CLOSE SHAVE 4 thorough and careful 彻底而仔细的；周密的，
严密的：We kept aclose watch on the prisoners, 我们严密地
监视着囚犯。[ After close questioning, the police released
the suspect. 经过彻底的盘问之后，警察释放了被怀疑的人。| His
work does not bear close inspection/scruting. 他的工作经不
起仔细的检查。| We'll have tokeep a close eye on his work
from now on. 从今以后我们得密切注意他的工作。5 not very
different from an original 几乎相等的；酷似的：He bears a close
resemblance to his father. 他很像他父亲。| a close transle-
tion 接近原文的翻译 6 without fresh air, and perhaps too warm; 
STUFFY 不通风的，闷热的：It's very close in here; open the
window. 这里很闷，把窗子打开吧。7 (especially of a competi-
tion) decided by a very small difference〔尤指竞赛)势均力敌
的，不分上下的，旗鼓相当的：The election results were very
close. 选举的结果是势均力敌。| a close finish/match 不相上
下的结果[比赛] — compare 比较 NARROW1 (3) 8 tech (in PHO
NETICS, of a vowel) pronounced with little space above the
tongue【术语】〔元音发音〕闭塞音的 — opposite 反义词 open 9
[F(about)] infml secretive【非正式】嘴紧的，保密的；秘而不宣
的：She's always been very close about her past life. 她对自己
的过去一向守口如瓶。10 [F (with)] infml not generous; STINGY
【非正式】吝啬的；小气的：close with money 舍不得花钱 11 at
close quarters very near or near together 接近地；逼近地；靠近
地：The witness had not seen the man at close quarters. 证人
没有在近处看到过那个人。— see 参见 NEAR(USAGE) — ~lv
ady: a closely guarded secret 严加保守的秘密 — ~ness n [U]
*close3 /klos; kleus/ adv 1 near 接近地：Don't come too close!
不要太靠近。| Although he came very close, he did not win
the race. 尽管只差一点，他还是没有赢得这场赛跑。| [+adv/
prep] They live close by. 他们住在附近。| We live close to the
church. 我们住在教堂附近。| They sat close together. 他们紧
挨着坐在一起。| She followed close behind. 她紧跟在后面。2
close, but no cigar AmE (said when someone has done some-
thing that was almost, but not quite, effective, right, or suc-
cessful)【美】稍有误差，不无欠缺 3close on (especially be-
fore numbers) almost(尤用于数字前)差不多；接近；大概：It hap-
pened close on 50 years ago. 事情发生在将近50年之前。|
Close on 90 people came. 来了大约90人。4close to ：a almost; 
nearly 接近于，差不多：The cost was close to $1 million. 成本
将近 100万美元。| He came close to losing his temper. 他差
点发脾气了。b (/klos `tu; kleus 'tu:/) from very close 从近
处：He looks much older when you see him close to. 从近处
看他，他显得苍老多了。5 close to home near the (usually
unpleasant) truth 接近事实；触及痛处：Everyone felt uncom-
fortable because his remarks were a little too close to home
他的话太击中要害了，所以大家都感到很尴尬。6 especially BrE
(sail) close to the wind(to be) near to dishonesty or im-
proper behaviour【尤英】近乎不老实；行为有失检点；几乎犯规[出
事]
close* /kloz: kleuz/ n [S] fml the end of an activity or of a pe-
riod of time【正式】〔尤指一项活动或一段时间的〕结束；终了：at
the close of play/of the 19th century 在剧终时；在 19世纪末 | As
the eveningcame/drew to a close ， the guests went home. 夜
深了，客人都回家去了。| The chairmanbrought the meeting
to a close, 主席宣布会议结束。
close5 /klos; kleus/ n 1 an enclosed area or space, especially
the area around a CATHEDRAL(=a large important church):
courtyard 院子；〔尤指〕大教堂四周围起来的场地 2 a BrE a road
closed at one end【英】死胡同，绝路，走不通的路 b especially
ScotE a narrow passage leading off a street to an enclosed area
or shared stairs for a block of flats【尤苏格兰】〔大街通往场院
的〕小路：〔公寓房子的〕主楼梯
0315
Close/klos: kleus/, Glenn(1947-)a US film and theatre ac-
tress whose many films include FATAL ATTRACTION(1987) and
Dangerous Liaisons(1988)克洛斯〔(1947-)，美国电影和舞
台剧女演员，其多部影片包括《致命的诱惑》(1987)和《危险关系》
(1988)〕
close call/ klos `kol; kleus 'ko:l/ n infml a CLOSE SHAVE【非正
式】千钧一发；侥幸的脱险
close-cropped/ klos `krapt; kleus 'kropt/ adj (of the hair
cut very short〔头发〕剪得很短的
closed/klozd; kleuzd/ adj1 [(to)](especially of a shop or pub
lic place) not open to the public〔尤指商店或公共场所〕停止营
业的，不开放的：关闭的：The shop is closed on Thursdays. 这
家商店每星期四都不开门。| The gardens are closed to visi-
tors in winter. 公园冬季不接待游客。| a club with a closed
membership (=open only to a special few)只限少数人参加的
俱乐部 | The inquiry was held behind closed doors 调查是
在禁止旁听的情况下进行的。2 not allowing influences from
outside 封闭的；排外的；闭关自守的：a closed society 封闭 （式）
的社会 | It's no use arguing with him; he's got a closed mind
同他争论没有用，他是死脑筋。3[A] tech complete in itself
forming a unit that allows no additions【术语】自身完备的；自
成体系的；闭合 [路]的：a closed system 闭合系统 | a closea
set闭集
closed book/, · '·/ n [S] infml【非正式】1 [(to)] something of
which you know or understand nothing 不知道[不理解]的事
物：Computers are a closed book to me. 我对电脑一窍不通。2
something which is completed or finished 已经完成[结束]的
事情
closed cir-cuit tel·e·vi-sion/, ·, · '··/ also 另见 CCTV abbrev
缩写 -— n [U] a system used to protect shops, banks etc by
using cameras to send pictures to a number of television sets
闭路电视，有线电视：This building is protected by closed cir
cuit television. 这幢楼由闭路电视监视保护
closed-loop re-cy-cling sys·tem /，··. ··/ a method of
providing people who are living in a SPACE STATION with fresh
water every day by reusing all the waste liquids on board 闭式
再循环水系统〔循环废水为住在太空站上的人每天提供淡水的一种
方式〕
close·down/`kloz`daun; 'kleuzdaun/ n 1 [C] (in a factory. 
business etc) a general stopping of work; SHUTDOWN〔工厂、企
业等〕停工；停业；关闭 2 [C; U] especially BrE the end of a
period of broadcasting【尤英】停播 - — see also 另见 CLOSE down
closed pri-ma. ry/, '·/ n an election in the US in which vot-
ers may vote only for CANDIDATES (=people who are trying to
get political office) of the party to which they belong, in order
to choose who will represent the party in the final election. 
Most states hold closed primaries so that Democrats choose
the Democratic NOMINEE and Republicans the Republican one
关门预选，闭锁式初选〔美国的一种选举，投票人只投自己所属政
党候选人的票，目的是推选谁将代表本党参加大选。大多数州进行
这样的选举，以便民主党和共和党各推选出自己党派的提名人)-
compare 比较 OPEN PRIMARY
closed sea·son/, · '·/ n AmE for【美】= CLOSE SEASON
closed shop/ ·√ n a place of work where all the workers
must belong to a particular TRADE UNION. In the 1960s and
1970s there were a lot of closed shops in Britain and in the US. 
but in the 1980s the power of trade unions was reduced by the
government and now there are not so many, 只雇用某一工会会
员的企业〔20世纪60. 70年代在英国和美国有许多这样的企业，
但到了80年代，工会的权力被政府削弱，现已不多了〕
Close En-count-ers of the Third Kind/··/ a US
film made in 1977 by Steven SPIELBERG about creatures from
another part of the universe that come to Earth《第三类接触》
〔一部由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格于1977年摄制的影片，讲述来到地球
的外星生物
close. fist. ed /klos`fistid; kleus'fistd/ adj infml not gene-
rous with money; STINGY【非正式】吝啬的；小气的
close-grained /`klos `grend; kleus 'greind/ adj (of wood)
having a fine natural pattern (GRAIN(4), especially having
narrow yearly rings〔木头〕纹理细密的；〔尤指〕年轮紧密的
close-hauled /klos `hold; kleus 'ho:ld / adjtech (of a sailing
ship) having the sails arranged to sail as near directly into the
wind as possible【术语】〔帆船〕迎风[戗风]航行的
close-knit/`klos `nit; kleos 'nit√ also 又作 close·ly-knit /·
√- adj tightly connected or united by social, political, or
religious beliefs and activities 紧密连结[结合]在一起的；组织
严密的：a close-knit family/community亲密团结的家庭；组织
严密的社区
close·out/kloz aut; 'kleuzaut/ n AmE an occasion when a busi-
ness tries to get rid of all its goods by selling them at reduced
prices【美】清仓大甩卖 — see also另见 CLOSE out
close sea·son/klos sizn; 'kleus si:zan/ also 又作 closed sea
son AmE【美】- n 1 the period of each year when certain
animals, birds, or fish may not by law be killed for sport禁猎
[禁渔]期：the close season for fishing 禁止捕鱼期 — opposite
反义词 open season 2 BrE the summer period when football
teams do not play any important matches【英】足球休赛季节〔指
夏季足球队不举行重大比赛的时期〕
close-set/, klos `sat; , kleus 'set/ adj set close together 紧靠在
起的：close-set eyes长得靠在一起的眼睛
close shave/ klos `fev; kleus 'feiv/ also 又作 close call - n
infml a situation in which something dangerous or very un-
pleasant is only just avoided【非正式】（一次）侥幸的脱险；幸免；
千钧一发：That was a close shave - that car nearly hit us!那
可真是死里逃生——那辆车差一点儿撞上我们！
clos·et1/`klazit; 'klpzt/ n 1 especially AmE a cupboard built
into the wall of a room and going from floor to CEILING【尤美】
壁橱 — compare 比较 CUPBOARD 2 now rare a small room for
private thought or prayer【现罕】〔供私下思考、祈祷等用的〕小
间，密室，内室 3 old use a TOILET【旧】厕所，盥洗间 — see also
另见 wC 4 come out of the closetto declare yourself openly
as a HOMOSEXUAL 公开宣布自己是同性恋者 — see also 另见
skeleton in the closet(SKELETON)
closet2adj [A] not publicly admitted; secret 非公开的；秘密的：
a closet terrorist/homosexualladmirer of the President 一个
秘密的恐怖主义者；一个暗中搞同性恋的人；一位私下爱慕董事长
的人
closet3v [T (TOGETHER, with) often pass. 常用被动语态] to en-
close (especially yourself) in a private room 把〔尤指自己)关
在密室中：They're closeted (together) in her office. 他们在她
的办公室内秘密聚会。| He spent over an hour closeted with
the bank manager. 他花了一个多小时与银行经理密谈
close thing/, klos `0in; kleus '0in/ n [S] infml【非正式】1 a
CLOSE SHAVE （一次）侥幸的脱险：That was a close thing! We
nearly hit the other car!那可是真危险！我们差点儿撞上了那
辆汽车！2 a game, election, risk taken etc which comes close
to failing before it succeeds〔比赛、选举、冒险等的〕几乎失败，
侥幸成功
close-up/`klos p; 'kleus ap/n a photograph taken from very
near 特写照片；近景照片：a close-up of her face 表现她面部的
·张特写照片 | a picture of her face in close-up以特写手法
表现她脸部的一张照片
clos·ing/`klozin; 'kleuzin/ AmE【美】‖completion BrE【英】-—
n [C; U] the final step in buying and selling a house or other
property （房地产）交割会：Our closing is next Friday. 我们的
交割会定于下星期五。| I was amazed at all the closing costs
that no one had mentioned before. 我很惊讶，这么多房地产买
卖手续费以前竟没有人提起过
closing pri. ces/'·. ·/ n [P] the buying and selling prices of
stocks (3)and shares (2)when the STOCK EXCHANGE fin-
ishes business for the day〔股票交易所当天结束营业时的〕收盘
价格 — see also 另见 CLOSE'(7)
closing time/'· ·/ n [C; U] BrE the time, fixed by law, at
which a PUB must close and stop serving drinks【英】〔法律规定
酒店必须停止营业的〕打烊时间，关门时间
clo·sure/`klo3; 'kleu3e/ n [C; U] (an example of) the act of
closing, especially of a business or organization which has to
stop operating 停业，关闭，倒闭，结束：Lack of money forced
the closure of the company. 资金短缺迫使该公司停业。| They
are campaigning against hospital closures. 他们正在开展反
对关闭医院的运动，
clot'/klat; klot/ n 1 a half-solid mass or lump, usually formed
from a liquid, especially blood〔尤指血液等液体形成的〕凝块：
血块：a blood clot in his leg 他腿上的血块 2 slang, especially
BrE a stupid person; fool【俚，尤英】蠢人，傻瓜
clot2v -tt- [I; T] to (cause to) form into clots （使. ）凝结成块：a
drug to prevent the blood from clotting 防止血液凝结成块的
药物 — see also 另见 CLOTTED CREAM
*cloth/kl50; klp0/ n cloths /klo0s; klp0s/ 1 [U] material made
from wool, cotton, nylon etc by weaving, and used for making
garments, coverings etc〔由羊毛、棉、尼龙等织成的〕布料，织物，
衣料：I need several metres of cloth to make a long dress. 我
需要几米衣料做一条长连衣裙。2[C](often in comb. 常用于复
合词) a piece of this used for a special purpose〔用作某一用途
的)一块布：Clean the windows with a soft/damp cloth. 用一块
软布[湿布]擦拭玻璃。| a dishcloth 一块洗碗布| a tablecloth
块桌布 — see 参见 CLOTHES (USAGE) 3 [the+S] fml or
humor the profession of being a priest【正式或幽】牧师，教士：
神职：a man of the cloth (=a priest) 一位牧师
cloth cap/, '·/ also 又作 flat cap - n a soft flat woollen cap
0316
with a stiff pointed piece at the front. The cloth cap is some-
times used to represent the idea of the WORKING CLASS in
Britain. 鸭舌帽〔有时该词用以代表英国工人阶级的思想〕
clothe/kloo: kle0/ y [T] 1 to cover with clothes or provide
clothes for 用衣服遮盖〔身体)；穿〔衣)；给··提供衣服：They have
to work hard to feed and clothe their large family. 为了给一
大家子人提供衣食，他们得拼命干活。|Her partially clothea
body was found in a wood. 在树林中发现了她半裸的尸体。2 lit
to cover (something) as if with clothing【文】覆盖〔某物)；笼罩：
Mist clothed the hills. 雾霭笼罩着山峦。 — see also 另见 CLAD
*clothes/kloz; kleuoz/ n [P] garments, such as trousers, dresses
shirts, and socks, that are worn to cover the body_衣服：Put on
your school clothes. 穿上你的校服。| football clothes足球服
a clothes brush 一把衣刷 — see also 另见 PLAIN-CLOTHES
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 clothes, cloth, material
clothing, garment, and 和 dress. Clothes is the usual word
for things we wear. clothes 是我们所穿衣服的常用词：She's
got some beautiful clothes. (她有一些漂亮的衣服。)Clothes
are made from various kinds of cloth or material, such as
wool or cotton. 衣服(clothes)是用各种布(cloth)或衣料
(material) 制成的：How much cloth/material will I need
to make a pair of trousers? （我做一条裤子需要多少布[布
料]？)Clothing [U] is a more formal word for clothes. A
garment [C] (rather formal) is a single article of clothing
A dress [C] is a kind of outer garment worn by women. 
clothing 为不可数名词，比 clothes 更正式。但 garment 是
可数名词，指单件的衣服：dress也是可数名词，指女性穿在外
面的连衣裙：What a pretty dress she's wearing! （她穿的
那条连衣裙多漂亮啊！) But in certain expressions dress [U
is a particular type of clothing. 但 dress 在某些用语中是指
特殊种类的衣服：The men had to wear formal evening
dress to go to the company dinner, (男士们要穿上正式的
晚礼服去参加公司的宴会。) — see also 另见 DRESS (USAGE)
clothes bas·ket/'·/ n a large plastic or WICKER basket for
holding clothes ready for drying or ironing 盛放待干或待烫衣
物的篮子
clothes brush/' / n a brush for removing FLUFF, dust, mud
etc from clothes especially coats, JACKETS etc 衣刷
clothes hang·er/'· ，·/ n a HANGER 衣架
clothes·horse/`kloz hors; 'kleuozho:s/ n 1 a frame on which
clothes are hung to dry, usually indoors （室内）晾衣架 2 infml, 
derog, especially AmE a person who is very interested ir
clothes【非正式，贬，尤美】爱穿着打扮的人：讲究衣着的人
clothes-line/`kloz lain; 'kleuozlain/n a rope or cord on which
clothes are hung to dry, usually outdoors户外的晒[晾]衣绳
clothes peg/' ，/ BrE【英】‖ clothes·pin /kloz, pin; 'kleuoz, pin
AmE【美】- n a small wooden or plastic instrument for hold-
ing wet washed clothes on a clothesline to dry〔晒衣用的〕衣夹
cloth. i·er/`klooj; 'kleuoie/ n fml, becoming rare a person
who makes or sells men's clothes or material for clothes【I正
式，渐罕】男装裁缝：男子服装商：衣料商
*cloth-ing/klooin; 'kleuoin/ n [U] especially fml the garments. 
such as trousers, dresses, shirts etc worn together on different
parts of the body【尤正式】衣服，服装〔总称) ：an article of cloth
ing一件衣服 The staff at the chemical plant wear protec-
tive clothing. 化工厂的工作人员都穿上防护服。| food, clothing
and shelter 衣、食，住| a clothing manufacturer 服装厂商 -
see also 另见 wolf in sheep's clothing (WOLF1); see 参见
CLOTHES(USAGE)
clotted cream/, · '·/ n [U] thick cream made especially in SW
England by slowly heating milk and taking the cream from the
top〔给牛奶缓慢加热后取其表层乳脂制成的〕浓缩奶油
clo-ture/`klotfe; 'kleutfe/ n (in US government) a way of end-
ing argument over a BILL2 and forcing a vote on it 〔美国政府
中)终止辩论提付表决：Senator Bradley tried to force cloture
on the housing bill. 布雷德利参议员试图对住房议案强行提付
表决。
*cloud'/klaud; klaud/ n 1 [C; U] a white or grey mass floating
in the sky in various shapes, which is formed from very small
drops of water 云：dark threatening storm clouds 预示暴风雨
要来临的乌云 | fluffy white clouds 棉絮状的白云 | There's
more cloud today than yesterday, 今天的云比昨天多。2 JC
(of)] a mass of dust, smoke etc which floats weightlessly in the
air〔空中飘浮的〕云状物；烟雾：a cloud of smoke 一片烟雾 | a
factory chimney emitting clouds of toxic gas 喷发出有毒烟雾
的工厂烟囱| a mushroom cloudfollowing a nuclear explo-
sion 核爆炸后升起的蘑菇云 3 [C (of)] a large number of small
things moving in a mass; SWARM 一大团〔飞动的小昆虫等)；
大群〔移动的小生物等)：a cloud of mosquitoes 一大团飞舞的
蚊子4[C] something that threatens or that causes unhappi-
ness or anxiety〔预示不祥或引起不快的〕暗影，阴影；乌云：The
clouds of war were gathering. 战争的乌云正在集结。| I'm sorry
to cast a cloud over the party, but there's been some bad
news. 我很遗憾，给大家的聚会扫兴，但有些坏消息。|They're
very happy now, but I'm afraid there's a cloud on the horizon
he has to go into the army soon. 他们现在非常快活，可是地平
线上已出现乌云：他很快就得应征入伍了。5 I wandered lonely
as a cloudguote a phrase from a poem by William Wordsworth
about daffodils【引】我像一片云彩独自漫游〔威廉·华兹华斯描写
水仙一诗中的诗句) — see 参见 DAFFODIL 6 under a cloudout
of favour or regarded with distrust 失宠，被嫌弃：受到怀疑，不
被信任：He left his job under a cloud. 他因不被信任而辞掉了
工作。7 up in the clouds lost in private thoughts; in a DAY-
DREAM 耽于空想；做白日梦 — see also 另见 have your head
in the clouds (HEAD1(30))
cloud2v 1 [I (OVER); T] to (cause to) become covered with
clouds （使）被云[烟雾等] 覆盖：The sky clouded over and it
started to rain. 天空阴云密布，并下起了雨。| The thick mist
clouded the mountain tops. 浓雾笼罩着山顶。| (fig. 喻) His
face suddenly clouded over. (=he began to look worried or
upset)他的脸色突然阴沉下来。2 [I; T (UP)] to (cause to) be
come less clear or transparent(使)变得不清楚[不透明]，（使）
变模糊：The steam has clouded the windows up, 水蒸气使窗玻
璃变得模糊不清。| You'll cloud the beer if you shake the
barrel. 如果你摇晃酒桶，啤酒就会变浑浊。3 [T] to make uncertain, 
unclear, confused etc 使不确定；使不清楚；使混乱：Age clouded
his memory. 他上了年纪，记忆变得模糊了。| That's a sepa-
rate argument and it will only cloud the issue. 这是另外一项
争论，它只会把问题搞乱。4 [T] to spoil 破坏〔兴致等)：The news
of the accident clouded the whole day for them. 意外事故的消
息使他们一整天都闷闷不乐。
cloud·bank/`klaud baenk; 'klaudbaenk/n a thick mass of low
cloud 浓密而低的云层，低垂的厚云团
cloud·burst/`klaud b3st; 'klaudb3:st/ n a sudden very heavy
fall of rain(突然的)暴雨，倾盆大雨
cloud-capped/' ·/ adj lit (of mountains, hills etc) having the
top surrounded by clouds【文】〔山等〕峰顶云雾缭绕的，高耸云
霄的
cloud-cuck·oo-land /，· '· ·/ n [U] derog, especially BrE
(sometimes caps. 有时用大写) an imaginary place of unreal
dreams and impossible perfection【贬，尤英】梦幻的理想之国，
世外桃源，仙境：One of Mr Gyngell's employees said last night. 
\"If he really thinks people rushing into work at 3 a. m. are
going to start thinking positively about anything, he's living
in cloud-cuckoo-land. ”金吉尔先生的一位雇员昨晚说：“如果他
真的以为凌晨3点赶去上班的人将会开始对一切都持积极的态度，
那他简直是生活在仙境里了。”
cloud·less/`klaudlis; 'klaudles/ adj without clouds; clear 无云
的；晴朗的：a cloudless sky/day 晴朗的天空| 日子]
cloud nine/, / n on cloud nine infml, especially AmE very
happy【非正式，尤美】非常快活，无比幸福：He was on cloud nine
after his wife had the baby. 他的妻子生了小宝宝之后，他高兴
得不得了。
cloud seed·ing/'·/n [U] a way of causing it to rain or snow
by dropping chemicals into clouds from an aircraft〔为进行人
工降雨或降雪作的〕云的催化
cloud·y/`klaudr; 'klaudi/ adj 1 full of clouds; OVERCAST 阴云
密布的，多云的；阴天的：a cloudy day/sky 阴天；多云的天空
2 not clear or transparent 不清晰的，模糊的；不透明的：cloudy
beer 浑浊的啤酒 | a cloudy recollection of the accident 对事
故模糊的记忆 - -iness n [U]
Clough /klvf; klvf/, Bri-an/`braien; 'braien/(1935- )an En-
glish football player who later became famous as the manager
of NoTTInGHAM FOREST football team (1975-1993). He is
known for saying honestly what he thinks in a way that some-
times seems rude. 克拉夫〔(1935-)，英国足球运动员，后来作
为诺丁汉森林队的领队(1975-1993)而出名。他对自己的想法直
言不讳，有时近乎无礼并以此闻名〕
Clou·seau/`kluzo; 'klu:zeu/, Inspector a humorous character
played by Peter SELLERS in the PINK PANTHER films. Clouseau
is a French policeman who is always making stupid mistakes
and causing accidents, though he does not realize it or intend
to. 克卢索〔彼得·塞勒斯在“红美洲豹”系列影片中扮演的滑稽角
色，他是一名常犯低级错误并引起事端的法国警察，尽管他没有意
识到，也不是故意的
clout1/klaut; klaut/ n slang【俚】1 [C] a hard blow or knock
given with the hand or something held in the hand 〔用手或手中
物施加的〕猛击；敲打 2[U] influence, especially political
0317
influence （尤指政治上的）影响：Its massive export earnings give
the company a lot of clout with the government. 公司巨大的
出口利润使它对政府有着颇大的影响力。3[C often pl. 常用复
数] N EngE an article of clothing【英格兰北部】一件衣服
clout2v [T] slang to hit hard with the hand or something held in
the hand【俚】〔用手或手中所握之物〕敲击
clove1/klov; kleuv/ n the dried flower of a tropical Asian plant
usually used whole for giving a special taste to food 干丁香花
苞〔一种亚洲热带植物的干花，常用作香料〕
clove2n any of the small BULBS into which a larger bulb can be
divided〔植物大球茎中分出来的〕小鳞茎，小球茎，珠芽：a clove
of garlic 一瓣大蒜
clove3 past tense of CLEAVE
clove hitch /'/n a knot used for fastening a rope around a bar
〔一种结绳法〕丁香结，酒瓶结，卷结
clo·ven /`kloven; 'kleuven/ past participle of CLEAVE
cloven hoof /·/ n an animal's foot which is divided into two
parts, like the foot of a cow or sheep〔牛、羊等的〕分趾蹄，偶蹄
clo·ver /`klove; 'kleuve/ n [U] 1 a small usually three-leafed
plant with pink, purple, or white flowers, often grown as food
for cattle 三叶草，苜蓿 2in clover infml living in comfort and
having plenty of money【非正式】生活舒适而富裕，生活优裕
We'll be in clover if you get that job. 如果你能弄到那份工作，
我们就会生活得舒舒服服。 — see also 另见 FOUR-LEAVED CLO-
VER
clo·ver·leaf /`klove lif; 'kleuveli:f/n -leafs or -leaves /-livz; 
-li:vz/ 1 the leaf of a clover plant 苜蓿叶，三叶草的叶子 2 the
network of curved roads which connect two very important
roads (especially MOTORWAYS) where they cross each other
〔尤指高速公路上〕苜蓿叶式立体交叉路口
clown1 /klaun; klaun/ n 1 an entertainer
especially in the CIRCUS, who wears funny
clothes and special MAKE-UP, often with
a large red painted smile, and tries to
make people laugh by jokes, tricks, o
actions. It is often said that people who
are clowns are really rather sad people. 
underneath all their cheerful make-up and
acting. 〔尤指马戏团的〕丑角，小丑〔人们常
说扮演小丑的人在他们快乐的装扮和表演
背后实际上是很忧伤的〕2 derog a fool. 
especially someone who continually be-
haves in a silly way; BUFFOON【贬】经
常闹笑话的人：好讲粗俗笑话的人：The
teacher wondered which kid would be
theclass clown (especially AmE 尤美)
this year. 老师想知道今年哪个孩子将是班
上经常闹笑话的人。
clown2y [I (ABOUT, AROUND)] derog to act stupidly; play the
fool【贬】做蠢事；扮丑角，装傻样：Will you children stop clown-
ing and eat up your dinner! 你们这些孩子别再装傻胡闹了，快
把晚饭吃完吧！
clown·ish /klaunif; 'klaunif/ adj derog of or like a CLOWN1(2)
【贬】傻子（似）的；滑稽的：clownish behaviour 傻子（似）的举
止 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
cloy /klor; kloi/ v [I] fml to become unpleasant through too much
sweetness or through being taken in too great a quantity【正
式】发腻，使倒胃口：Chocolates start to cloy if you eat too
many. 巧克力糖如果吃得太多就会觉得很腻。| a love story of
cloying sentimentality 一篇多愁善感得令人腻烦的爱情故事
cloze test /`kloz tast; 'kleuz test/ n BrE a test used in teaching
where the student must supply the missing words in a short
piece of writing【英】填空测试
of people who join together for a certain purpose, especially
sport or amusement〔尤指体育或娱乐方面的〕俱乐部；联谊会；会
所：an active member of the school's chess club 学校象棋俱乐
部的一位活跃会员 | He joined the local stamp club. 他加入了
当地的集邮俱乐部。| The tennis club has/have organized a
dance. 网球俱乐部组织了一次舞会。| (fig. 喻) countries that
belong to the nuclear club 拥有核武器的国家 — see also 另见
COUNTRY CLUB, GOLF CLUB 2 a a building where a club meets
俱乐部会所[大楼] b a NIGHTCLUB 夜总会 3 an association of
people, usually upper-class men or men connected with the
Establishment, who like to meet together to relax and discuss
things. The club usually owns a building where members can
eat, drink, and sometimes sleep. New members pay to join or
are elected (ELECT) by other members. 〔上层阶级或当权派有关
人士的〕俱乐部〔这样的俱乐部一般拥有自己的会所，会员可以在
此吃喝，有时还住宿。新会员付费加入或由其他会员推选)4athick
heavy stick, used as a weapon （用作武器的〕大棒，棍棒：to bran
dish a club 挥舞大棒 5 a specially shaped stick for hitting a
ball in certain sports 球棒，球杆：a golf club 一根高尔夫球棒
6 a a black three-leafed figure printed on a playing card 〔印在
纸牌上的)梅花图案 b a card belonging to the SUIT (=set) of
cards that have one or more of these figures printed on them梅
花牌：I have four clubs in my hand. 我手上有4张梅花牌。
the sever/king of club. 梅花 7; 梅花 K — see 参见 CARDS
(USAGE) 7in the club infml, especially BrE expecting a baby:
PREGNANT【非正式，尤英】怀孕，有身孕 8Join the club!(saic
when other people are in the same position)〔表示处于相同的
境况)不光是你一个！我们都一样！：“I've got a bad cold. ” “Join
the club. ”(=I've got one, too)“我得了重感冒。” “我们彼此彼
此。”
club2y -bb- [T] to beat or hit hard (as if) with a CLUB1(4)(似)
(用棍棒)打，猛击：He was clubbed to death with the butt of a
gun. 他是被人用枪托殴打致死的。
club together phr v [I] to share the cost of something with
others 和他人共同担负费用，大家凑钱〔共同购物)：We clubbed
together to buy her a present. 我们凑钱给她买了件礼物。
Club 18-30 /klab etin `03ti; klvb eiti:n '03：ti/ trademark a
British company that sells low-cost holidays to young people
aged between 18 and 30， mainly in places on the Mediterra-
nean coast. Many British people have the idea that people who
go on Club 18-30 holidays are mostly interested in sex and
drinking alcohol. 【商标】“18-30”俱乐部〔英国一家公司，向18至
30岁的青年提供低廉的度假服务，主要地点为地中海沿岸。在许
多英国人的印象中，参加者大部分是对性及喝酒感兴趣的人〕
club·ba·ble /klabebl; 'klabebel/ adj, BrE old-fash likely to be
a popular member of a club; SOCIABLE【英，过时】有可能成为
俱乐部内受欢迎的会员的：好交际的，善于交际的
clown 小丑
club. bing /klabin: 'klabim/ n [U] BrE the visiting of NIGHTCLUBS
【英】上夜总会：Shegoes clubbing (=visits nightclubs) almost
every night. 她几乎每天晚上都去夜总会
club class /'·/ n BUSINESS CLASS〔飞机上的)二等舱，商务客位
club. foot /`klab`fut: 'klabfut/ n [C: U] (the condition of having)
a badly shaped foot twisted out of position from birth 〔生下来
即扭曲变位的)畸形足，内弯足，变曲脚 — ~ed/^klvb`futid; klab. 
'futd</ adj
club-house /klvb haus: 'klvbhaus/ n-houses /-hauziz; -hauzz/
a building where a club meets, especially one used by a sports
group〔尤指体育〕俱乐部会所[大楼]
club-land /`'klvblaend; 'klablaend/ n [U] the part of London
around St James's, where most of the famous clubs are found
俱乐部区〔位于伦敦圣詹姆斯宫一带，大多数有名的俱乐部聚集于
此〕
Club Med /，klvb`mad; klvb'med/ trademark a company that
sells expensive holidays in many parts of the world, aimed es-
pecially at younger people. Its full name is 'Club Mediterranee'. 
Club Med holidays are based in specially built villages, and
people can spend their whole holiday without leaving the
village. The cost of the holidays includes food, drink, sports
activities, and entertainment. 【商标】地中海度假村〔一家提供豪
华国际性度假服务的公司，主要针对年轻人士，其全称是“Club
Méditerranée”。度假地设在专门的度假村内，整个度假期间游客
可以足不出村，费用包括食品、饮料、体育和娱乐活动项目〕
club sand·wich / ·/ n especially AmE three pieces of bread
with cold food between them (such as cold meat and SALAD). 
to be eaten with the hands【尤美】会所三明治，公司三明治，总
汇三明治〔三片面包，中夹冷肉和凉菜〕
club so·da /，· '·/ n AmE for【美】= SODA WATER
cluck1 /klvk: klak/ n1 (a sound like) the low short noise that a
hen makes when calling her CHICKS (baby hens) or sitting or
her eggs〔母鸡召唤小鸡或孵蛋时发出的〕格格声 2 AmE slang
a stupid person or one who has behaved in a stupid way【美俚】
呆子，笨蛋：You can be a realdumb cluck sometimes. 你有时
候可真笨。
cluck2v1 [I] to make a cluck 发出格格声 2 [I (over); T] to ex-
press (a feeling) by making a sound like this (表示某种心情时)
发出啧啧声：She clucked her disapproval. 她啧啧地表示不赞
成。| The old lady clucked over her grandchildren, feeding
them everything they liked. 老太太对孙辈百般宠爱，他们想吃
什么就给什么。
clue1 /klu; klu:/ n 1 [(to)] something, such as an object or a
piece of information, that helps to find an answer to a question, 
difficulty, or mystery 线索；迹象；提示：Police have still found
no clues as to the whereabouts of the missing woman. 有关那
个失踪妇女的下落，警方仍未发现任何线索。| I'll never guess
the answer — give me another clue! 我猜不出了，你再给我来
个提示吧！2not have a clue infml【非正式】a to know nothing
0318
(about something)〔对某事)一无所知，毫无头绪：“Do you know
the time of the next train?” “I haven't a clue. \"“你知道下班火
车的开车时间吗？” “我一点儿也不知道。”| She hasn't a clue
about computers. 她对电脑一窍不通。b to be stupid or lacking
in skill 笨拙；不熟练：That new clerk hasn't a clue -- it's taken
him all afternoon just to file three letters! 那位新文书工作太
不熟练了——他花了整个下午才把三封信整理归档。3 a ques-
tion or information about a word the answer to which will com-
plete one part of a CROSSWORD〔填字游戏的〕提示资料
clue2y
cluesbdy. inphr v [T] infml to provide with the latest facts. 
news etc【非正式】为··提供最新情况[消息等]：I don't know
what's been going on -- could you clue me in?最近都发生了
什么事，我一无所知，你能给我点消息吗？
cluesbdy. upphr v [T (about, on)] infml to cause (especially
yourself) to become well-informed about something【非正式】
使〔尤指自己〕熟知某事：You'd better clue yourself up a bit be
fore you go for the interview!你去面试之前，最好先熟悉一下
情况！
Cluetrademark the US name for the game CLUEDO【商标】“线
索”游戏〔“找线索”游戏的美语名称〕
Clue·do/`kludo; 'klu:deu/ BrE【英】‖ Clue AmE【美】-- trade
mark a type of BOARD GAME in which each player becomes a
different character, such as Colonel Mustard or Miss Scarlet. 
in a murder story and tries to discover which character is the
murderer, what the murder weapon was, and in which room in
the house the murder took place【商标】“找线索”游戏〔一种棋
盘游戏。每一位参与者都在一个凶杀故事中担任角色，如马斯塔德
上校、斯卡利特小姐等，玩法是试图查出凶手、凶器以及发生命案
的房间〕
clued-up/, · '·/ adj infml knowing a lot about something【非正
式】了解很多的；精通的：She's very clued up about the new
pay scheme. 她对于新的工资方案知道得很多。
clue·less/`klulis; 'klu:les/ adj infml, especially BrE helpless
stupid, or IGNORANT【非正式，尤英】束手无策的，笨拙的；无知的：
I'm completely clueless about cricket. 我对板球一窍不通。
clump'/klvmp; klvmp/ n 1 [C (of)] a group of trees, bushes. 
plants etc, growing together〔树、灌木、植物等的)丛，簇：a little
clump of reeds 一小簇芦苇 2 [C (ofD)] a heavy solid lump or
mass of something, such as soil or mud〔土、泥等的)团；块：sticky
clumps of earth on his boots 沾在他靴子上的黏土块 3 [S] a heavy
slow sound, such as that made by slow footsteps 笨重的脚步声
clump2y 1 [I+ady/prep] to walk with slow heavy noisy foot-
steps 以沉重的步子行走：She clumps around/about in her heavy
boots. 她穿着重重的靴子咚咚地四处走动。2[I; T (TOGETHER)]
to (cause) to gather into or form a clump(使)密集成丛；（使）结
成团[块]
clum·sy/`klvmzi; 'klvmzi/ adj 1 awkward and ungraceful in
movement or action; without skill or grace 动作笨拙的，不灵巧
的；姿势不优美的：He's too clumsy to be a good dancer. 他太
不灵巧了，不可能成为好的舞蹈演员。| You clumsy oaf! You've
knocked over my coffee! 瞧你这个笨蛋，你把我的咖啡碰翻了！
2 unskilful in handling people; without TACT〔对待人)不灵活
的；不圆滑的；拙劣的； a clumsy attempt to apologize 想道歉的
笨拙尝试 3 difficult to handle or control; UNWIELDY 难处理
[控制]的；不灵便的；臃肿的 - -sily adv - -siness n [U]
clung/klvn; klvn/ past tense and past participle of CLING
clunk/klank; klank/ n the dull sound of something heavy, es-
pecially metal, hitting something else〔重物，尤指金属撞击时)
噔的一声
clunk-click/, '/ n (in Britain) a word that is sometimes used to
remind people to fasten their SEAT BELTS in cars. It comes from
a well-known old television advertisement which told people
to clunk-click, every trip. 喀嚓〔在英国，有时提醒人们系好车
内安全带时使用的词语。源于一则很久以前的著名电视广告，告诉
人们“每次出外，喀嚓系好安全带”)
clunk·er/`klanke; 'klanke/ n AmE infml an old machine, es
pecially a car, that works very badly and will probably not be
useful for much longer【美，非正式】破旧的机器；老爷车
clunk. y/`klanki; 'klanki/ adj AmE infml large or heavy and
awkward【美，非正式】大型的；笨重的：clunky shoes/furniture
笨重的鞋子[家具]
clus·ter'/`klasto; 'klvste/ n 1 [(of)] a number of things of the
same kind growing or being close together in a group〔同类物
的)群；丛；团；串；束； a cluster of bees/of stars 一群蜜蜂；星团| a
small cluster of older buildings in the modern city centre 现
代城市中心的一小群旧建筑物 2 a small metal BADGE fixed to a
soldier's RIBBON (2) as an added sign of honour 〔缀在士兵勋带
上表示嘉奖的〕小金属奖章
cluster2v [I; T (TOGETHER)] to (cause to) gather or grow in one
or more clusters(使)成群（生长）；（使）汇集成丛[团]；聚集，群
集：The men clustered together for warmth/clustered round
the notice board. 人们挤作一团互相用身体取暖；人们成群地围
在布告牌前。| Most of the foreign embassies are clustered in
this area. 大多数外国使馆都集中在这个地区。
cluster bomb/'. / n a bomb that sends out a number of smaller
bombs when it explodes〔爆炸时迸射出许多小炸弹的〕集束炸弹
- cluster-bomb ν[T]
clutch'/klvtf; klvtf/ ν 1 [T] to hold tightly 紧握，紧抓：The
mother clutched her baby in her arms. 母亲紧紧地把婴儿抱在
怀里。2 [I (at)] to try to hold or seize 试图抓住； He clutched
desperatelv at the branch as he fell. 他摔下来时, 拼命抓住树
枝。3 clutch at strawsto be prepared to try anything to get
yourself out of a difficulty 急不暇择；抓住救命稻草
clutch2n 1 (the PEDAL that operates) an apparatus, especially
in a car, which allows working parts of machinery to be con-
nected or disconnected smoothly 离合器（踏板） ：Take your foot
off the clutch after changing gear. 换挡之后，把脚从离合器踏
板上挪开。2 [usually sing. 一般用单数] an act of clutching or
the fingers and hands in the act of clutching; GRIP2 抓，紧握；
〔抓取东西的〕手[手指、爪]3AmE【美】=aCLUTCHBAG— see
also 另见 CLUTCHES
clutch3n [(of)] (the chickens born from) a number of eggs laid
by one bird at one time〔母鸡一次下的〕一窝蛋；〔一次孵出的〕
窝小鸡：a clutch of eggs 一窝蛋 | (fig. 喻) a clutch of new
trainees一批新的受训人员
clutch bag/' / n a type of HANDBAG that is carried in the hand
rather than with a STRAP. It is usually used by women when
they are going out somewhere special in the evening. 〔拿在手
上的〕无挂带皮包〔一般由女士特别是夜间外出时使用〕
clutch·es/`klvtfez; 'klvtfz/ n [P] control or power 控制，掌握：
势力，权力：in the clutches of the enemy 在敌人的控制之下| 
She's fallen into the clutches of that awful man! 她已被那个
可怕的男子所控制！
clut·ter'/`klvto; 'klvte/ v [T (UP, with)] to make untidy or
confused, especially by filling with useless or unwanted things
使乱七八糟，把··弄得杂乱；使堆满无用的杂物：The room was
clutterea (up) with toys. 房间里乱七八糟地堆满了玩具。 | His
mind's cluttered with useless information. 他的脑子里塞满了
无用的信息。
clutter2n [S; U] (a collection of) things scattered about in a
disorderly fashion （一堆）杂乱的东西：a desk full of clutter 堆
满乱七八糟东西的书桌 | Her room is always in a clutter. 
(=untidy)她的房间总是凌乱不堪。
Clw·yd/`kluid; 'klu:id/ a COUNTY in N Wales 克卢伊德〔威尔士
北部一郡〕
Clyde', the /klaid; klaid/ a large river which goes through
Glasgow 克莱德河〔流经格拉斯哥的一条大河〕
Clyde2— see 参见 BONNIE AND CLYDE
Clydes. dale Bank, the /，klaidzdel `baenk; , klaidzdeil 'baenk/
one of the main banks in Scotland. Like other Scottish banks it
prints its own banknotes. 克莱兹代尔银行〔苏格兰主要银行之
一。与其他苏格兰银行一样，它也印制本行的钞票〕
Clyde. side/klaidsaid; 'klaidsaid/ the towns between Glasgow
and Greenock on the River Clyde in Scotland, where many
famous shipbuilding companies were established in the past
克莱德塞德〔位于苏格兰的格拉斯哥和格里诺克附近，临克莱德
河，过去当地建有许多著名的造船公司〕
Cly·tem·nes. tra/klaitem`nstre; klaitem'nestre/ in ancient
Greek stories, the wife of AGAMEMNON. She murders her
husband, and as a result she is killed by her son, ORESTES. 克吕
泰涅斯特拉〔古希腊神话中阿伽门农之妻。她谋害了丈夫，最终被
其子俄瑞斯忒斯所杀〕
cmwritten abbrev. for 缩写= CENTIMETRE(S)
CND/, si en `di; si: en 'di:/ abbrev. for 缩写= Campaign for
Nuclear Disarmament; a British organization whose aim is to
persuade the British government to get rid of its NUCLEAR
weapons. close its nuclear military bases. and stop making
nuclear weapons 核裁军运动〔英国一组织，其宗旨是说服英国政
府销毁核武器，关闭其核军事基地以及停止生产核武器〕
CNN/ si en `sn; si: en 'en/ trademark abbrev. for 缩写= Cable
News Network; a CABLE TELEVISION station started by Ted
TURNER, which broadcasts news 24 hours a day. It is based in
the US, but can also be seen all over the world, especially in
hotels. 【商标】（美国）有线新闻网〔特德·特纳创办的一家有线电视
台，24小时播送新闻。其总部设在美国，但世界各地尤其是酒店内
也能收看〕
c/o/, si`o; , si: 'eu/ abbrev. for 缩写= care of; (especially used
when writing addresses) to be held or looked after by〔写在邮
件收件人地址前)由·转交：Send it to John Hammond c/o Dor-
0319
othy Smith. 请多萝西·史密斯转交约翰·哈蒙德收
Co' written abbrev. for 缩写= COUNTY': Sunderland, Co
Durham达勒姆郡的森德兰市
Co2/ko: keu/ abbrey, for 缩写= COMPANY (1)：James Smith &
Co詹姆斯·史密斯公司
CO written abbrev. for 缩写= COLORADO
C. O. / si`o; , si: 'eu/ n abbrev. for 缩写= Commanding Officer
an officer who commands a military unit〔军事〕指挥官，司令
co- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
coach1 /kotf; keutf/ n 1 BrE【英】‖ bus AmE【美】- a comfor
table bus used for long-distance travel or touring长途公共汽
车；大型游览车：We went to Switzerland by coach. 我们乘长途
汽车去瑞士。| This hotel welcomes coach parties. (=groups
of people travelling in coaches)这家旅馆欢迎乘旅游车来的旅
游团。2 also 又作 carriage BrE【英】‖car AmE【美】- a rail
way passenger carriage 铁路客车；客车厢 3 a person a who
trains sportsmen and sportswomen for games, competitions etc
〔体育运动的〕教练：a football/baseball coach 一位足球[棒球]
教练 b who is employed privately to train a student for an ex-
amination〔辅导学生准备考试的〕私人教师，家庭教师：a math
ematics coack辅导学生准备数学考试的私人教师 4 AmE the
cheapest class of seats in a plane or train【美】〔飞机的)二等座；
〔火车的〕普通车厢座：Do you want coach or first-class?你想
要二等座还是头等舱座？5 a large enclosed four-wheeled horse
drawn carriage, used especially in former times or in official
ceremonies〔尤指旧时或举行正式典礼时用的〕四轮大马车；a
coach and four(=four horses)一辆由四匹马拉的四轮大马车
te royal coach皇家御用马车 - — see also另见 driv a a coach
and horses through (DRIVE1)
coach2v [I; T (for, in)] to train or teach, especially not in a
place of formal education; give instruction or advice to (a per-
son or a group of people)〔尤指不在学校里〕训练，培训，教；指
导：为·补习，辅导：I coach people for English exams. 我为准
备英语考试的人作辅导。| She coaches me in French. 她教我
学法语。| to do some private coaching 给私人补习 — see 参
见TEACH(USAGE)
Coach and Hors. es, the /，. . . / a common name for a PUB in
the UK, sometimes used to mean any typical pub“大马车”小
酒馆〔英国小酒馆的普通名称，有时用来指任何一家典型的小酒
馆〕
coach. build. er /`kotf bilda; 'keutfbilde/ n BrE a skilled
worker who builds the bodies of motor vehicles, railway car-
riages etc【英】汽车[铁路客车]车身制造工
coach-man /'kotfmen; 'keutfmen/ n-men /-men; -men/ a per
son employed to drive a horse-drawn coach〔受雇〕赶马车的人. 
马车夫
coach sta. tion /'. ·/ n BrE (the building or buildings at) a
place where a COACH (1) starts and finishes its journey and
where passengers can get on and off【英】长途公共汽车（总）站
coach-work /'kotf w3k; 'keutfw3:k/n [U] BrE the outside body
of a car【英】〔汽车的〕车身
co. ad. ju. tor /ko ed3eto; keu'aed3te/n fml a helper; ASSISTANT
【正式】助手；助理
co. ag. u. late /ko`aegje let; keu'aegjleit/ v [I; T] to (cause to]
change from a liquid into a solid state, especially by chemical
action(使)〔液体〕凝固[结]：Blood coagulates when it meets
air. 血液接触空气即凝结。--lation /ko, egje`lefen; keo, aegj-
'leifan/ n [U]
coal' /kol; keol/ n 1 [U] a black or brownish-black mineral
which is dug from the earth, which can be burnt to give heat
and from which gas and many other products can be made煤，
煤块； a sack/lump of coal 一袋 [块]煤 | a coal fire 煤火| a coal
miner 煤矿工人 2 [C] a burning piece of coal; EMBER 燃烧着的煤
块；余烬：A coal fell from the fire and burned the rug. 一块煤从
火炉上掉下来，烧着了地毯。3 carry/take coals to Newcastle
infml to take goods to a place where they are plentiful already
【非正式】多此一举，徒劳无益，做不必要的事 — see also另见
COKE', haul over the coals (HAUL1)
*coal2v1 [T] to supply (a ship, railway engine etc) with coal给
〔船、火车等〕加煤2 [I](of ships, engines etc) to take in coal
〔轮船、机车等〕加煤，上煤
coal-bun. ker /`kol, banke; 'keul, banke/n a container or small
building where coal is stored 储煤仓[舱、库、室]
coal cel·lar /'··/ n AmE for【美】= COAL HOLE
co. alesce /koe`les; koue'les/ v [I] fiml or tech to grow together
so as to form one group, body, mass etc; MERGE【正式或术语
结合，接合（成为一体）；愈合；联合，合并 - -lescence n[U]
coal-face /`kol fes: 'keulfeis/ n 1 [C] the part of a coalmine
from which coal is actually cut 〔采煤矿井中的〕采煤工作面；采
煤区 2 [the+S] especially BrE the place where a particular job
is actually done, not just talked about【尤英】实际工作处，工作
现场：new methods that can be used by teachers working at
the coalface (=in the classroom)可由教师在课堂上实际运用
的一种新方法
coal-field /`kol fild; 'koulfi:ld/ n an area where there is a lot of
coal under the ground 煤田；产煤区
coal gas /'/ n [U] gas produced by burning coal, used espe-
cially for lighting and heating〔燃烧煤时产生的用于照明和供热
的)煤气 — compare 比较 NATURAL GAS
coal-hole /`kol, hol; 'keulheul/ n BrE‖ coal cellar AmE【美】-
a small usually underground room where coal is stored【英】
(地下)储煤室
coal-house /`kol haus; 'keulhaus/ n -houses /- hauziz; -hauzz/
a small building where coal is stored 煤库，储煤的小屋
co. a. li·tion /koe`lifen; keue'lifan/n a union of separate po. 
litical parties for a special purpose (especially to form a
government), usually for a limited period of time〔几个政党为
一特定目的，尤指为组成政府而在一段时间内建立的〕联盟，联合：
to form a coalition 组成（政治）联盟 | a coalition government
联合政府
coal-man /`kolmaen; 'keulmaen/ n -men /-men; -men/ a man
who delivers coal to people's houses 送煤工人
coal-mine /'kol maim; 'keulmain/ n a mine from which coal is
dug 煤矿
coal-scut·tle /`kol skvtl: 'keul skvtl/ also 又作 scuttle - n a
bucket in which coal is carried and from which it can be poured
〔装卸煤的〕煤斗，煤筐
coal tar /'/n [U] a thick black sticky liquid made by heating
coal without air, from which many drugs and chemical prod-
ucts may be obtained 煤焦油
coarse /kors; ko:s/ adj 1 not fine or smooth; lumpy or rough不
平滑的；粗的，粗糙的：coarse sand 粗砂| a coarse woollen
cloth 一块粗纺毛料 2 lacking grace, education, or sensitivity; 
CRUDE; VULGAR 粗鲁的，粗野的；粗俗的：coarse behaviour 粗
野的举动 | a coarse joke 粗俗的玩笑 — ~ly adv — ~ness n
[U]
coarse fish-ing /·/ n [U] BrE the sport of trying to catch
fish that are not TROUT or SALMON in lakes or rivers【英】〔除
鳟鱼、鲑鱼以外的〕捕淡水鱼比赛
coars·en /korsn; 'ko:san/ v [I; T] to (cause to) become coarse
(使)变粗糙
*coast /kost; keust/ n 1 [the+S; C] the land on or close to the
edge of the sea 海岸，海滨：The ship sank three miles off the
French coast. 该船在离法国海岸3英里的海上沉没。| a hotel
on the coast 海滨旅馆 | the southern and eastern coasts of
Britain英国南部和东部的海岸 -— see 参见 SHORE (USAGE)
2 [C] especially AmE an act of coasting down a hill【尤美】〔由
山坡上向平地的)下滑，滑行 3 the coast is/was clear infml all
danger has/had gone【非正式】危险已经过去：As soon as the
coast was clear the two thieves made their getaway. 危险一
过去，那两个窃贼便溜走了。
coast2v1 [I (along, down, ALONG)] to keep moving, espe
cially down a hill, without using any effort or power 〔尤指向下
坡)依靠惯性滑行；下滑：The children were coasting along on
their bicycles/coasting down the slope. 孩子们骑自行车靠着
惯性滑行[沿着斜坡向下滑行]。|(fig. 喻) She coasted through
her exams. 她毫不费力地通过了考试。 — compare 比较 FREE-
WHEEL 2 [I; T] AmE SLEDGE2(2)【美】用雪橇运送：乘雪橇旅行
coast·al /`kost]; 'keustl/ adj [A no comp. 无比较级] on or near
the coast 在海岸上的；临海的，沿海的：a coastal resort 海滨游
乐胜地| coastal waters 沿海水域| coastal fishing 近海捕鱼
coast·er /`koste; 'keuste/ n 1 a ship which sails from port to
port along a coast 沿海岸航行的轮船 2 a small round mat placed
under a bottle, glass etc to protect a table top or other surface
〔杯盘等的〕垫子 — see also 另见 ROLLER COASTER
coaster brake /'·/ n AmE a BRAKE on a bicycle which is
worked by moving the PEDALS backwards【美】〔自行车的〕脚
刹车，倒轮式刹车
coast-guard /kost gard; 'keustga:d/ n 1 [the+S+sing. /pl. v]
(often caps. 常用大写) a naval or police organization that
watches from the coast for ships in danger and attempts to pre-
vent unlawful activity at sea〔负责海岸救难、缉私等的〕海岸警
卫队 2 [C] a member of this organization 海岸警卫队队员
coast-line /kost laim: 'keustlaim/ n the shape of a coast, espe-
cially as seen from the sea or on a map 海岸线：a rocky coast-
line多岩石的海岸线
*coat1 /kot; keut/ n 1 an outer garment with long SLEEVEs, often
fastened at the front with buttons and usually covering the body
down to the knees, worn especially to keep warm or for pro-
tection 外衣，外套，大衣：a warm winter coat 一件冬天穿的很
0320
暖和的大衣| a fur coat 裘皮大衣| a raincoat 雨衣| a scien
tist in a white coat 穿着白大褂的科学家 — see also 另见 MORN-
IG COAT 2 BrE old-fash or AmE a JACKET【英过时或美】短上
衣 3 an animal's fur, wool or hair 〔动物的〕毛皮：The dog's coat
was shiny and healthy-looking. 那狗的毛皮带有光泽而且样子显
得很健康。4 [(of)] a covering spread over a surface 〔表面的)
覆盖层，涂层：a coat of paint/dust 一层油漆[灰尘] 5 -coated
/-kotid; -keutd/ having the stated kind of coat 具有··毛皮的：
表面有·涂层的：a curly-coated dog 一只卷毛狗 |a chocolate
coated biscuit 外面有一层巧克力的饼干 6 be all fur coat and
no knickers BrE used in order to say that someone never does
what they promise to do, or that they make you believe some-
thing that is not completely true【英】说话不作数；言语失实：The
Lottery fund has been accused of being all fur coat and no
knickers because although it pays out plenty of money to sel
up projects it refuses to pay their running costs. 博彩基金被
指责说话不算数，因为尽管它为建立各项目投入了大笔款项，但是
拒绝支付其经营管理费用。| Don't believe a word she says
that girl's all fur coat and no knickers, 不要相信她说的话
那个女孩不可靠。 — see also 另见 cut your coat according to
your cloth (CUT1)
coat2v [T (in, with)] to cover with a COAT1(4)给〔某物〕涂上
[覆盖上]一层·：to coat a cake with chocolate 给蛋糕涂上-
层巧克力 | The table was coated in/with dust. 桌面上蒙了—
层灰尘。
coat check /'/ n AmE for【美】=a CLOAKROOM
coat hang. er /'·/ n a HANGER 衣架
coat·ing /`kotin: 'keutin/ n 1 [C (of)] a covering on or over a
surface 涂层, 覆盖层: a cake with a coating of chocolate 涂有
巧克力的蛋糕| electric wire with a plastic coating 包着塑料
外皮的电线 2 [U] cloth from which coats are made 外衣布料
coat of arms /，·· '·/ n coats of arms a set of
patterns or pictures, usually painted on a
shield or shield-like shape, used by a noble
family, town council, university etc, as their
special sign〔贵族家庭、镇议会和大学等作为
标志的〕盾徽；（盾形）纹章 — see also 另见
HERALDRY
coat of man. y col-ours, the /. ··/ the
coat which, according to the Bible, Jacob
made for his favourite son, Joseph _彩衣〔据
《圣经》记载，雅各为他最心爱的儿子约瑟所做
的衣服) — see also 另见 JOSEPH
coat-room /`kotrum; 'keutrum/ n AmE for
【美】=a CLOAKROOM
coat tails/'/n [P] 1 the long divided piece of material which
hangs down from the back of a man's TAILCOAT〔男子晚礼服
的)燕尾形后摆 2 on someone's coat tails especially AmE
(especially in politics) using the help or influence of someone
else【尤美】〔尤指政治上〕利用他人的声望[势力]，托某人之福：He
was voted into the Assembly on Davidson's coat tails. 他依靠
戴维森的提携被选入了议会。
coax/koks; keuks/ v [T] 1 [(into, out of)] to persuade (someone)
by gentle kindness, patience, or FLATTERY 哄，用好话劝说：The
children had to be coaxed into going to school. 孩子们得哄着
才去上学。I I+to-y] She coaxed him to take her to the theatre
她花言巧语地说服他带她去看戏。|(fig. 喻) to coax a wire through
a hole 耐心地把电线从小孔中穿过去 2 [+obj+adv/prep] to get
(something) by gently persuading 以哄诱方法获得：I coaxed a
smile from the little girl. 我哄得那小女孩笑了。 — ~ingly ady
cob /kab; kDb/ n 1 a CORNCOB 玉米芯，玉米的穗轴 — see also
另见 CORN ON THE COB 2 a male SWAN 雄天鹅 3 a strong
short-legged type of horse 一种壮实的矮脚马 4 a type of large
nut, especially one from the HAZEL tree 一种大坚果；〔尤指)大
榛子
Co-bain /ko`ben; keu'bein/, Kurt /k3t; k3:t/ (1967-1994) a US
singer and songwriter with the group NIRVANA, who devel-
oped a new style of ROCK music called 'Grunge', which was
popular in the early 1990s and who killed himself. He was
married to Courtney Love. 科贝恩〔(1967-1994)，美国“涅槃’
乐队歌手和歌曲作家。他开创了一种称“颓废”的新摇滚乐风，流
行于20世纪90年代初期，但他现已自杀身亡，曾娶考特尼·洛夫
为妻〕
co-balt /`kobolt; 'keubo:lt/ n [U] a shiny silver-white metal that
is an ELEMENT(=a simple substance), used in blue colouring
materials and in making metals钴
Cobb /kab; kpb/, Ty /tai; tai/ (1886-1961) a US BASEBALL
player, known for being the first person to score 4000 BASE
HITS科布〔(1886-1961)，美国棒球运动员，因是首位打出4000
次安全打的选手而闻名〕
cob-ber/`kabe; 'kobe'/ n AustrE & NZE, infml a friend; MATE
【澳和新西兰，非正式】朋友；（男）伙伴
cob. ble /`kabl; 'kobal/ v [T] 1 [(TOGETHER)] to make or put
together quickly and roughly 粗劣地制作，草率地拼凑：We
cobbled together a proposal to put before the committee. 我
们草率地拼凑了一项建议提交委员会审议。2 rare to repair(shoes)
【罕】修〔鞋〕
cob. bled /`kabld; 'kobald/ adj (of a road) covered with
cobblestones〔道路〕铺鹅卵石的
Cob-bleigh /`kabli; 'kobli/ old Uncle Tom Cobbleigh and all
a line from an old British song about a large group of people
who do things together. The people are all listed by name, and
the list ends with the words ‘old Uncle Tom Cobbleigh and
all'. The phrase is now used to say that every possible person
was present or involved in something. “以及科布利老伯”〔英国
一首关于许多人一起干活的老歌中的歌词。所有人的名字一一列
出，以“以及科布利老伯”为名单结束。该短语现用来表示该来的
人都在场或参与了〕
cob. bler /`kabla; 'koble/ n 1 a person who makes or repairs
shoes 制鞋匠；修鞋匠 2 AmE a cooked fruit dish with a sweet
bread-like topping【美】酥皮水果馅饼：peach cobbler 酥皮桃子
馅饼
cob·blers /`kablaz; 'koblez/ n [U] BrE slang foolish talk; 
nonsense【英俚】蠢话；胡说：I've never heard such a load of
old cobblers in my whole life!我一生中从没有听过这样的胡
说八道！
cob·ble·stone /`kabl, ston; 'kpbalsteun/ also又作 cobble - n
[usually pl. 一般用复数] a naturally rounded stone, used for
covering the surface of roads in former times〔旧时铺路用的)
鹅卵石
co-bra /'kobre; 'keubre/ n an African or Asian poisonous snake
that can spread the skin of its neck to make itself look bigger
coat of arms
眼镜蛇
盾形纹章
cob·web/`kab, wab; 'kobweb/ also 又作 spiderweb AmE【美】-
n 1 a very fine network of sticky threads made by a SPIDER to
catch insects 蜘蛛网 2 blow/brush the cobwebs away infml
to make yourself feel fresher and more active with air and
exercise【非正式】以呼吸新鲜空气和运动来清醒头脑[振奋精神]：
Let's go for a walk and blow the cobwebs away. 我们出去散
散步，清醒一下头脑吧！ — ~by adj
co. ca /`koke; 'keuke/ n [U] a South American bush. Cocaine is
produced from its leaves. 古柯〔一种南美灌木，其叶子可提炼出
可卡因〕
Co. ca-Co. la/, koke `kole; , keuke 'keule/ Coke, coke trademark
a type of sweet brown non-alcoholic CARBONATED drink, origi-
nally produced in the US, or a bottle, can, or glass of this drink
Coca-Cola is a very popular drink throughout the world, and
can be bought in almost every country. It is thought of as a
typically American product. 【商标】可口可乐〔一种风靡全球的
饮料，几乎每个国家都能买到，被认为是典型的美国产品〕
co·caine /ko`ken; keu'kein/ also 又作 coke slang【俚】- n [U]
a drug used for preventing pain in medical operations which is
now often taken illegally for pleasure. It is usually in the form
of a white powder which is sniffed (SNIFF1) into the nose. One
can become dependent on it. Cocaine is expensive and is some-
times used by wealthy fashionable people. 可卡因〔一般为白色
粉末状，可吸入鼻中，能使人上瘾。其价格昂贵，有时为富有的时
髦人士吸食〕 — see also 另见 CRACK4
coc. cyx /kaksiks; 'koksiks/ n coccyxes or coccyges /kak`said3iz:
kpk'said3i:z/ med a small bone shaped like a TRIANGLE at the
bottom of the BACKBONE in humans【医】尾骨，尾骶骨
coch. i·neal / katfe`nil; kotf'ni:l/n [U] a bright red substance
made from the dried body of a tropical American insect and
used for colouring food〔由胭脂虫制成的〕洋红，胭脂虫红（颜料）
Co. chise /ko`tfis; keu'tfi:s/ (？1815-1874) a NATIVE AMERICAN
chief of the APACHES who fought against US soldiers from 1861
to 1872 in order to prevent them taking land from his people
科奇斯〔(？1815-1874)，美洲土著居民阿帕切人的酋长，1861至
1872年间为阻止美军从他的族众手中夺去土地而与他们抗争)
coch. le. a /`kaklie; 'koklie/ n -leas or -leae /-lii; -li-i:/ med a
SPIRAL-shaped tube-like part of the inner ear【医】螺旋状管<如
耳蜗>
cock1 /kak; kok/ n 1 [C] also 又作 rooster especially AmE【尤
美】- a fully-grown male chicken 雄鸡，公鸡：The cock crowed
at dawn. 公鸡在黎明时啼叫。 — see also 另见 COCK-A-DOODLE-
DOO, COCKEREL 2 [C] (often in comb. 常用于复合词) a fully-
grown male of any bird 雄鸟：a cock robin 一只雄知更鸟 3 [C]
a TAP, VALVE etc for controlling the flow of liquid in a pipe; 
STOPCOCK〔控制管道中液体流动的〕龙头，阀门，开关4[C]the
hammer of a gun 〔枪的〕扳机，击铁 5 [C] a small pile of HAY
0321
·堆干草 6 [U] BrE slang foolish talk; nonsense【英俚】蠢话
胡说 7 [C] BrE slang (used as a friendly form of address by
men to men, especially in London and Northern England)【英
俚】老兄，伙计〔尤用于伦敦和英格兰北部男子之间〕8[C]tabo
slang for【讳，俚】=PENIS 9cock of the walk infml, often derog
someone who is (or thinks he is) the most powerful or influen-
tial person among a group【非正式，常贬】逞威风的头领；某集
团的老大 10live like 'fighting cocks infml, especially BrE to
live very well, especially eating very good food【非正式，尤英】
过阔日子；〔尤指〕吃得好 — see also 另见 HALF COCK
cock2ν1 [I; T (UP)] a (of parts of the body) to stand up〔身体的
部分)竖起，翘起：The horse's ears cocked. 马的两只耳朵竖
了起来。b to cause (parts of the body) to stand up 使〔身体的一
部分〕竖起[翘起]：The dog cocked its hind leg and urinated, 
那狗抬起一条后腿撒尿。2 [T] to set (the hammer of a gun) in
the position ready for firing 扳上 （枪的）扳机：to cock a pisto
扳上手枪的扳机 3 [T] to cause (a hat) to slope slightly; TILT 使
〔帽子〕稍稍翘起；歪戴〔帽子)4cock a snook (at) BrE infml to
show open disrespect(for)【英，非正式】〔对··〕公开表示轻蔑，
不屑一顾：The artist cocked a snook at the critics by exhibit
ing an empty frame. 画家展出了一个空画框，表示他对评论家
的轻蔑。
cock sthg. up phr v [T] BrE slang to spoil or ruin (arrange-
ments, plans etc)【英俚】破坏，把·弄糟：He's furious -- his
secretary's cocked up his travelling schedule. 他大发雷霆 --
因为秘书把他的出差日程全给弄乱了。 — see also 另见 COCK
UP
cock·ade /kak`ed; kp'keid/ n a decorative knot of material worn
on a hat as a sign of rank, membership etc〔象征级别、会员身份
等的〕帽上的花结
cock-a-doo-dle-doo /`kake, dudl`du; , koke, du:dl'du:/n-doos
the loud long cry made by a COCK1 (1)公鸡的喔喔啼声
cock-a-hoop /kake`hup; , kok e 'hu:p/ adj [F] infml【非正式】
1 [(about, at)] very happy and pleased 非常高兴的，得意扬扬
的：He was cock-a-hoop about his new job. 他对自己的新工作
很是得意。2 AmE in disorder; very untidy【美】混乱的；零乱
的，杂乱的
cock-a-leek-ie /kake`liki; , kok e 'li:ki/ n [U] BrE soup made
from boiled chicken and vegetables, especially LEEKS【英】鸡
肉蔬菜[韭菜]汤
cock·a·ma·mie /，kake`memi; , koke'meimi adj AmE infm
foolish or nonsensical; RIDICULOUS【美，非正式】愚蠢的：无意
义的；荒唐的，可笑的：He told us this cockamamie story about
getting lost just around the corner. 他给我们讲了这段可笑的
经历，说就在不远处迷了路。
cock-and-bull sto. ry /，. ·/ n infml a foolish improbable
story told as if it were true【非正式】无稽之谈，荒唐的话：She
came out with some cock-and-bull story about being delayed
by a camel in the road. 她编造了一个荒唐的故事，说路上有匹
骆驼挡道，所以迟到。
cock·a·too /kake`tu; koke'tu:/n -toos or-too an Australian
bird (a type of PARROT) with a CREST (=a lot of large feathers)
on the top of its head白鹦，葵花鸟〔产于澳大利亚，头上有羽冠
cock·a·trice /`kaketrais: 'kpketrais/ n the Greek name for a
BASILISK 蛇怪〔basilisk 的希腊语名称〕
cock·chaf·er /`kak tfefa; 'koktfeife/n a European BEETLE(=a
type of insect) which attacks trees and plants 金龟子〔产于欧洲
的一种害虫〕
cock·crow /^`kak, kro; 'kokkreu/n [U] lit sunrise【文】黎明，鸡
鸣时分
cocked hat /， '/n 1 a three-cornered hat with turned-up edges. 
worn in former times or with special uniforms〔古时流行和某
些制服配套的)卷边三角帽 2knock someone/something into
a cocked hat infml to defeat or spoil completely【非正式】彻底
打败〔某人)；彻底破坏〔某事)：He'll knock all the other com-
Detitors into a cocked hat. 他将使其他所有的竞争者惨败在他
手下。| Her refusal knocked all my plans into a cocked hat. 
她一拒绝就把我的计划全给破坏了。
Cock. er /`kake; 'koke/ Jar. vis /`d3arvis; 'd3a:vs/ (1963-)
a tall, very thin British singer and songwriter with the group PULP
whose songs are typically about relationships and his own life
as a young WORKING CLASS man before he became famous. 
He is also known for interrupting a performance by Michael
JACKSON at the BRIT AWARDS in 1996. 科克尔〔(1963-)，英
国歌手和歌曲作家，高且极瘦，“果浆”乐队成员。他的歌曲总是描
写人与人之间的各种关系以及在成名前他作为一名劳工阶层青年
的个人生活。他也以在1996年的布里特奖颁奖典礼上打断迈克
尔·杰克逊的表演而著称〕
cock·e·rel /`kakerel; 'kpkerel/n a young COCK'(1)小公鸡
cocker span·iel /，· '·/ also 又作 cocker - n a short-legged
dog with long ears and a silky coat 矮脚长耳狗
cock·eyed /`kak aid; kok'aid/ adj slang【俚】1 turned or
twisted to one side; CROOKED; ASKEW 歪[扭]向一边的；歪的，
斜的 2 foolish, especially based on false ideas or beliefs; stu-
pid 荒谬的，可笑的；愚蠢的：cockeyed notions 荒谬的想法
cock-fight /`kak fait; 'kokfait/ n a fight between COCKs1(1)
watched as a sport 〔观赏性的〕斗鸡 — ~ing n[U]
cock·horse /`kak`hors; kpk'ho:s/ BrE【英】‖ hobbyhorse AmE
【美】- n rare a stick with a model horse's head fastened to
the top, which children pretend to ride. This is a well-known
word because of the NURSERY RHYME(=old song or poem for
children) which begins. 【罕】木马，竹马〔旧时儿童跨着玩耍，一
端安有马头模型的木棍。该词因一首儿歌而出名，儿歌的开头为
Ride a cockhorse to Banbury Cross. 
To see a fine lady upon a white horse. . 
骑着木马去班伯里十字路口
去看一位美女跨着一匹白马··〕
cock-le /`kakl; 'kokal/ n 1 a common European soft-bodied
SHELLFISH used for food. In Britain they are often thought of
in connection with MUSSELS, as there is a famous song about
selling cockles and mussels alive, alive-oh'. 鸟蛤，海扇〔欧洲
·种可食用的软体贝类。在英国，它们常被人与贻贝联系在一起，
因为在一首著名的歌曲中唱道“卖活海扇和贻贝，活的噢”〕2warm
the cockles of your/the heart to make you feel happy and
satisfied 使某人感到愉快 [满意]：To hear her talk about her
little boy would warm the cockles of your heart. 听她谈论她
的小男孩，会使你深感喜悦的。
cock·le·shell /`kakl fel; 'kokalfel/ n 1 the heart-shaped shell
of the cockle 鸟蛤[海扇]壳 2 lit a small light boat【文】轻舟，
小船
Cock-ney /`kakni; 'kokni/ n 1 [C] someone who comes from
the EAST END of London, especially someone who is WORKING
CLASS and who has an ACCENT (=way of speaking) which is
typical of this area. Only someone 'born within the sound of
(=near enough to hear) BOW BELLS', the bells of a church in
the CITY of London, is considered to be a real Cockney. 伦敦东
区人：伦敦佬〔尤指带当地浓重口音的劳工阶层人士，只有“在能听
到圣玛丽·勒·博教堂钟声的地方出生”的人才被认为是真正的伦敦
人)2 [U] the way of speaking English that is typical of Cock-
neys 伦敦佬口音：Our taxi driver spoke broad Cockney. 我们
的出租车司机操一口伦敦口音。 — see also 另见 RHYMING SLANG
Cockney adj: a Cockney accent 伦敦腔
cock·pit /kak pit; 'kok. pit/ n 1 the part of a plane, small boat. 
or racing car in which the pilot or driver sits〔飞机、小船或赛车
的]驾驶舱[室；座；台] 2 a small enclosed space where COCK-
FIGHTS take place 斗鸡场：(fig. 喻) The Middle East has been
the cockpit of modern history. 中东一直是现代史上一个不断
有争斗的地区。3(in former times) a space on the lower floor
(DECK) of a warship for the treatment of people wounded in
battle〔旧时〕用来治疗伤员的军舰低层舱室
cock·roach /`kak rotf; 'kpkreutf/ also 又作 roach AmE infml
【美，非正式】- n a large black insect which lives especially in
old or dirty houses 蟑螂
cocks. comb /kaks kom; 'kokskeum/ n 1 the COMB'(4) on the
head of a male chicken （公鸡的） 鸡冠 2 also 又作 coxcomb -
lit the cap of a JESTER【文】小丑[弄臣]戴的鸡冠形帽子
cock·sure /`kak`fur; kok'fue'/ adj infml too self-confident; 
offensively sure of yourself【非正式】过分自信的；狂妄自负的
独断的
cock·tail /kak tel; 'kokteil/ n 1 a mixed alcoholic drink, usu-
ally drunk at parties or special occasions and served before the
main meal 鸡尾酒〔用几种酒掺和配制而成，一般在聚会或特殊场
合正餐前饮用〕2 [C; U] a mixture of small pieces of certain
foods, usually served cold in a glass and eaten at the beginning
of a meal餐前开胃小吃〔切成小块的混合凉菜，在正餐之前食用〕：
a seafood/prawn cocktail 凉拌海鲜；凉拌虾 3 [C; U] a mix-
ture of small pieces of fruit, usually eaten at the end of a meal
〔通常在一餐结束时吃的〕什锦水果粒：a tin of fruit cocktail -
罐什锦水果粒 — see also 另见 MOLOTOV COCKTAIL
cocktail dress /'·/n [C] a formal dress for wearing to parties
or other evening social events 女式常礼服；晚礼服
cocktail lounge /'. / n a public room in a hotel, club etc, 
where alcoholic drinks can be bought 〔旅馆、夜总会等供应酒
精饮料的〕酒吧间，供酒休息室
cocktail par. ty /'. . ·/ n a party for which you usually dress
formally and at which there is no dancing. Alcoholic drinks
are served, and there is usually something light to eat, such as
QUICHE or CANAPES. Cocktail parties are thought of as an UPPER-
CLAss activity for fashionable people, or they may be held at a
formal public occasion, e. g. before a PRESS CONFERENCE or at
0322
the LAUNCH of a new book, 鸡尾酒会〔人们一般穿正式服装参
加，期间没有跳舞节目，有酒类供应，一般还有什锦烘饼和小片开
胃面包等小吃。在人们印象中，这是为时髦人物举办的上层阶级活
动，或者是在记者招待会前或新书发行之际等正式的公共场合举行
的盛会〕
cocktail stick/'· ·/ n a small pointed stick on which small
pieces of food, e. g. squares of cheese, can be served〔食用小块
食品如奶酪等时使用的一端为尖形的〕凉菜签
cocktail wait. ress/'· ·/ n AmE a woman who serves drinks
to people sitting at tables in a BAR1(3a)【美】酒吧女招待
cock-up/' / n BrE slang something that has been done badly
or put into complete disorder【英俚】完全搞糟的事情；乱成一团
的东西：She made a complete cock-up of the arrangements
她把安排搞得乱七八糟。 — see also 另见 COCK up
cock. y/kaki; 'koki/ adj infml self-confident in an unpleasant
way; COCKSURE【非正式】狂妄自信的；趾高气扬的 - -iness n
co. coa/koko; 'keukeu/ n [U] 1 an unsweetened brown pow. 
der made by crushing the cooked seeds of a tropical tree
(CACAO) and removing some of the fat, used for giving the
taste of chocolate to foods and drinks 可可粉 2 [C; U](a cup
ful of) a drink made from hot milk or water mixed with this
powder, often drunk at bedtime, especially by children （一杯）
可可饮料〔可可粉加热奶或水冲制而成，常为儿童睡前饮用〕：a
mug of cocoa 一杯可可饮料 — compare 比较 CHOCOLATE1
co. co. nut/`kokenet; 'keukenvt/ n 1 [C] the very large brown
hard-shelled nut-like fruit of a tall tropical tree (coconut palm). 
with white flesh and a hollow centre filled with juice （ coconut
milk)椰子 2 [U] the flesh of this seed eaten raw or used in
cooking〔生食或用于烹调的〕椰子肉：shredded coconut 椰肉片
coconut oil 椰子油
coconut mat. ting/··/ n [U] a type of hard rough matting
made from the material on the outside of a COCONUT and made
into e. g. DOORMATS (=a mat on which to clean your shoes be
fore entering a house)编垫子用的椰衣
coconut shy/'·/ n (in Britain) a game at a FAIR3 (1)， in
which people throw balls at coconuts to win a prize by knock-
ing them off posts〔英国〕打椰子（游戏）〔参加者用球投掷柱子
上的椰子，击下者可获奖〕
co. coon1/ke`kun; ke'ku:n/ n a protective case of silky threads
in which some kinds of PUPA(=an insect in its inactive stage)
are enclosed 茧 — compare 比较 CHRYSALIS
cocoon2v [T (from, against)] to keep in a protective covering
给·包上保护层；作茧包藏：(fig. 喻) He was cocooned against
real hardship by his family's wealth. 由于他家里有钱，他没有
受过什么苦。
Co. co the Clown/ koko de `klaun; keukeu e 'klaun/(1900-
1974) a Russian-born CLOWN, one of the greatest CIRCUS per-
formers ever, who was well known in Britain especially in the
1950s小丑科科〔(1900-1974)，生于俄国的丑角演员，是有史以
来最杰出的马戏表演家之一，尤其在20世纪50年代闻名英国)
Coc·teau/, kak`to; 'kokteu/. Jean/3an; 3Dn/ (1889-1963)a
French writer and film DIRECTOR, who was an important mem-
ber of the SURREALIST movement. His work includes the films
Orphée (1950) and Les Enfants Terribles (1950)， and the play
La Machine Infernale (1934). 科克托〔(1889-1963)，法国作
家和电影导演，超现实主义运动的重要成员，作品包括影片《奥尔
菲》(1950)、《调皮捣蛋的孩子们》(1950)和剧本《爆炸装置》
(1934)〕
cod/kad; kod/ also 又作 cod·fish /`kad, fif; 'kpd, fif/ - n cod
or cods [C; U] (the white flesh, used as food, of) a large N
Atlantic sea fish 鳕鱼肉；鳕鱼〔产于北大西洋的一种可食用的海
鱼)：fishing for cod 捕鳕鱼 | cod fillets/steaks 〔没有骨头的)
鳕鱼切片[厚片]
COD/, si o`di; si: eu 'di:/ abbrev. for 缩写= cash on delivery; 
an arrangement by which you pay for goods when they are
delivered to you. In the US, this arrangement is also called
‘collect on delivery'. 货到付款[现]〔在美国，这种付款方式又称
“collect on delivery”)
co. da/`kode; 'keude/ n 1 a usually independent passage that
ends a piece of music 〔乐曲、乐章的〕结束乐段 2 a partly inde-
pendent passage that ends a work of literature〔文学作品的〕结
尾，结局
cod·dle/`kadl; 'kodl/ν[T] 1 to MOLLYCODDLE 溺爱，娇惯 2 to
cook (especially an egg) slowly in water just below boiling
point 用文火嫩煮〔尤指鸡蛋)：coddled eggs 嫩煮的鸡蛋
code1/kod; keud/ n 1 a system of words, letters, numbers etc
used instead of ordinary writing, especially to keep messages
secret 密码，暗码；代码，代号；暗号：a message written in code
用密码写的书信 | a computer code 电脑编码 | We've bro
ken/cracked their code (=learnt how to read it)我们破译出
他们的密码了！ 2 a system of signals used instead of letters and
numbers in a message that is to be broadcast, sent by TELE-
GRAPH etc 信号；〔电报〕电码：a telegraphic code 电码 — see
also 另见 MORSE CODE 3 also 又作 dialling code BrE【英】‖
area code AmE【美】- part of a telephone number that repre. 
sents a particular town or country and is used before the num-
ber of the person or organization you wish to call〔电话的)区
域号码：What's the code for Aberdeen?阿伯丁市的地区号码
是多少？4 a collection of established social customs 社会习俗
行为准则：an accepted code of conduct/moral code 被社会普
遍接受的行为准则[道德准则] 5 a collection of laws or rules 法
典，法规：the Napoleonic Code 拿破仑法典 — see also 另见
GENETIC CODE, MACHINE CODE, POSTCODE, ZIP CODE
code2also 又作 encode fml【正式】- ν[T] to translate into a
CODE'(1, 2)把·译成密码[电码等]：a coded message 已被译
成电码的信 — opposite 反义词 decode
code book/' /n BrE a small book listing the telephone num-
bers (codes) you need to ring to connect with a certain town or
country【英】电话号码簿：Have you seen the code book?你有
没有看到过电话号码簿？
co. deine/`kodi, in; 'keudi:n/ n [U] a drug made from OPIUM
used as a pain-killing medicine 可待因〔从鸦片中提取的药物，
可用作镇痛剂〕
code name1/'/ n a name which few people know or under-
stand given to e. g. a military plan of action, a computer
PROGRAM, a new technical development etc in order to keep
the subject secret from other people〔军事行动计划、电脑程序、
新的科技发展项目等的)代号：Philip O'Donnell, code name
Doc, was the perfect spy. 菲利普·奥唐奈，代号“医生”，是最优
秀的间谍。
code name2v [T] to give a code name to (sbdy. or sthg. )给·. 
规定代号：We'll code name this project ‘Midnight'. 我们将把
这项工程的代号定为“午夜”
code of prac. tice/. ·/ n codes of practice a set of rules
which are not law but describe the attitudes and actions of an
industry, an organization, or a group of people involved in a
common activity〔公司、组织或共同参与某一活动的群体的〕业务
守则；行为准则：The insurers'code of practice requires the
client to be given a week in which to change his mind. 保险商
的业务守则规定应该给予客户一星期时间来考虑是否改变主意。
co. dex/kodaks; 'keudeks/ n codices /`kodi, siz; 'keudsi:z/ tech
an ancient book written by hand【术语】〔古籍的〕手抄本
cod·ger/`kad3; 'kod3e/ n infml derog or humor an old man
(especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 old codger 老家伙)【非正
式，贬或幽】老头，老家伙
cod. i. cil/`kodesl; 'keudsil/ n law a later addition to a WILL
(=an official paper stating who is to have your possessions af-
ter your death)【律】遗嘱的附录，遗嘱附笔
co. di. fy/kade fai; 'keudfai/ v [T] to arrange (especially laws)
into a CODE(5) or system 把〔尤指法律)编成法典；编纂，整理
--fication /kadefe`kefen; keudaf'keifan/n [C; U]
cod-liver oil/··'/ n [U] oil from the LIVER (=an organ of
the body)of the COD, which is full of useful VITAMINS. Cod-
liver oil used to be regularly given to children until the 1940s
or 1950s. Many children hated it because of its unpleasant taste. 
(鳕)鱼肝油〔含有丰富的维生素。20世纪40、50年代以前大人经
常给孩子服用，由于味道不好，所以许多孩子都不喜欢〕
cod·piece/kad pis; 'kodpi:s/ n a sometimes decorated bag used
formerly to cover the opening in the front of men's tight-fitting
trousers〔旧时用以遮掩男紧身裤前面开口处的〕饰袋
cods·wal·lop/`kadz, walep; 'kodz, wolep/ n [U] BrE old-fash
slang nonsense【英，过时，俚】胡说八道
cod war/' / n any of three arguments between Britain and
Iceland in 1958， 1972-1973， and 1975-1976， about Iceland's
decision to limit the amount of cod that British boats could
catch in the sea around Iceland 鳕鱼战〔指 1958年、1972-1973
年和1975-1976年，英国就冰岛限制英国渔船在其附近海域的鳕
鱼捕捞量而产生的3次争论〕
Co. dy/kodi; 'keudi/, Wil-liam Fred·e·rick/wiljem `fradrik; 
wiljem 'fredarik/ the real name of BUFFALO BILL科迪〔“野牛
比尔”的真名〕
co. ed1/`ko`d; keu'ed/ adj infml (of education, a school etc)
coeducational【非正式】〔教育、学校等〕男女同校的：It used to be
a single-sex school but it's gone coed. 该校过去只收单一性别
的学生，现在已经成为男女生兼收的学校了。
coed2n old-fash AmE infml a female student in a college open
to both sexes【过时，美，非正式】〔男女同校大学中的〕女大学生
co. ed·u. ca. tion/, koad3e`kefen; , keuedj8'keifan/ n [U] the sys-
tem of educating boys and girls together in the same buildings
and classes 男女同校的教育（制度） — ~al adj
0323
co·ef·fi-cient /koe`fifent; keu'fifant/n tech【术语】1 the num. 
ber by which a VARIABLE2 is multiplied 系数：In 8pz the coef
ficient of pz is 8. 在8pz中， pz的系数为8. 2 a number that
measures some quality or process〔测定某种质量或变化过程的〕
率，程度；系数：The coefficient of expansion shows the amount
by which a substance expands for a particular change of
temperature. 膨胀系数表示的是某一物体在特定的温度变化下膨
胀的程度。
co·e·qual /ko`ikwel; keu'i:kwel/ n fml any of two or more
people who are equal with one another in rank, ability, power
etc【正式】有同等地位[能力、权势等]的人 - coequal adj
[(with)] — ~ly adv
co·erce /ko`3s; keu'3:s/v [T] fml【正式】1 [(into)] to make (an
unwilling person or group) do something, by force, threats etc
COMPEL 迫使〔某（些）人〕做〔某事〕；强迫，胁迫，强制：The de
fendant claimed he had been coerced into making a confession. 
被告声称他以前的供词是被迫做出的。2 [often pass. 常用被动
语态] to keep(a person, group, or activity) under control by
using force, threats of punishment etc; REPRESS〔以武力、惩罚
威胁等手段〕控制〔某（些）人或活动〕：支配：压制
co·er·cion /ko`3fen; keu'3:fan/ n [U] fml the act of coercing or
fact of being coerced【正式】强迫，强制；被强迫：They won the
election through a mixture of bribery and coercion, 他们以威
迫利诱的手段赢得了竞选。| He said he had made the confes-
sion under coercion. 他说他以前的供词是被强迫做出的。
co. er. cive /ko`3siv; keu'3:siv/ adj fml using force; strong
enough to coerce【正式】强迫的，强制的；压制的，高压的：to use
coercive measures/methods 使用高压手段[方法] — ~ly ady
 — ~ness n [U]
co·e·val /ko`ivl; keu'i:val/ n, adj [(with)] lit (a person) of the
same age【文】同年龄的（人）
co·ex·ist /ko·ig`zist; keuig'zist/ v [I(with)] to exist together
at the same time, especially peacefully 同时共存；〔尤指〕和平
共处：Can the President coexist with a hostile Congress?总
统能和敌视他的国会和平相处吗？
co·ex·ist·ence /ko·ig`zistens; keuig'zistans/ n [U (with)]
(especially of countries with opposed political systems) the
state of peacefully existing together〔尤指政治制度不同的国家
间的)和平共处 - -ent adj
C of E /si ev `i; si: ev 'i:/ abbrev. for 缩写= CHURCH OF ENGLAND
英国国教会：“What religion are you?” “C of E. ” “你信什么
教?” “英国国教。
*cof-fee /'kofr; 'kofi/ n 1 [U] a brown powder made by roasting
and crushing the seeds found inside the berries （ coffee beans
of a tropical tree 咖啡（粉） ：Brazil exports a lot of coffee. 巴西
出口大量咖啡。| to grind the coffee in a coffee mill 在咖啡研
磨机里磨咖啡 2 [C; U] (a cupful of) a hot drink made from this
bowder, to which milk is often added （一杯）〔通常加牛奶的)
咖啡：Would you like some coffeela cup of coffee?你想喝点儿
咖啡[一杯咖啡]吗？| I never drink instant coffee, only real
coffee. 我从来不喝速溶咖啡，只喝现煮的。| One black coffee
and one white (coffee) (=with milk), please, 请来一杯黑咖啡
[不加奶的咖啡]和一杯加奶的咖啡。| a coffee-coloured dress
条咖啡色连衣裙 — see also 另见 IRISH COFFEE
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Coffee is especially popu
lar in the US, where people drink it regularly. People drink
coffee at work, and most companies allow their workers to
have a CoFFeE BREAK a short period when you can rest
and drink coffee). In both the US and the UK, people ofter
drink coffee at the end of an evening meal. Some people
also believe that drinking black coffee (=coffee without
milk) will help you become SOBER after you have drunk
too much alcohol. 在美国，咖啡尤受青睐，人们经常饮用。上
班时可以喝咖啡，而且大多数公司都允许其员工有在工作中途
喝咖啡、休息的时间。在美国和英国，人们常在吃完晚餐时喝
杯咖啡。有些人还相信饮酒过量后喝黑咖啡有助于头脑恢复
清醒。 — see also Cultural Note at 另见 TEA 文化注释
coffee bar /'· ·/ n BrE a place where light meals, cakes, and
non-alcoholic drinks are served【英】小咖啡馆〔供应简单饭食
糕点及无酒精饮料的小吃店〕 — compare 比较 COFFEE SHOP
coffee break /'· ·/ n especially AmE a short pause from work
in the middle of the morning or afternoon for a drink, a rest etc
【尤美】〔上、下午在工作中途的〕休息时间
cof-fee·cake /`kafikek; 'kpfikeik/ n AmE a sweet bread-like
cake usually eaten as a SNACK with a cup of coffee【美】咖啡蛋
糕〔一般在喝咖啡时吃的松软甜点〕
coffee house /'·/ n (especially in Central Europe and for-
merly in England) a place where non-alcoholic drinks, cakes, 
and light meals are served, often used by fashionable people
as an informal meeting place〔尤指中欧及旧时英国的)咖啡馆
〔供应无酒精饮料、糕点及简单饭食，常作为时髦人物非正式聚会
的场所) — compare 比较COFFEE SHOP
coffee klatch, coffee klatsch /`kofi klaetf; 'kofi klaet[/ n AmE
a social occasion when a group of people, usually women, meet
each other to talk and drink coffee【美】咖啡聚会〔一般为一群
妇女聚在一起聊天、喝咖啡的社交活动〕
coffee ma·chine /'···/ n a DRINKS MACHINE热饮自动售卖机
Cof-fee·mate /`kofi met; 'kofimeit/ trademark a type of white
powder added to coffee or tea instead of milk, which is sold in
the UK. In the US, there is a similar product called CREMORA
【商标】咖啡伴侣〔在英国出售的一种植脂末，加入咖啡或茶中替代
牛奶使用。在美国，有一种类似的产品称Cremora(“克雷莫纳”咖
啡知己)〕
coffee morn·ing /'·. ·/ n BrE a social occasion when a group
of people, usually women, meet at the home of one of the group
to talk and drink coffee. Often the people pay for the coffee
and the money collected is given to a church or CHARITY. 【英】
咖啡早茶会〔社交活动，通常是一群妇女在其中一位的家中聊天、
喝咖啡。这些人常支付咖啡费用，并将所集钱款捐给教堂或慈善机
构〕
cof-fee. pot /`kofi pat; 'kofippt/ n a container in which coffee
is made or served 咖啡壶
coffee shop /'· ·/ n 1 especially AmE a small restaurant, often
in a hotel, that serves drinks and simple inexpensive meals【尤
美】〔供应饮料及廉价小吃，常设在旅馆内的〕咖啡厅 — compare 
比较 CAFE, COFFEE BAR 2 a shop that sells various kinds of
coffee〔出售各种咖啡的〕咖啡店
coffee ta·ble /'·，·/ n a low table, usually used in a LIVING
ROOM〔通常放在起居室内的〕小矮桌，咖啡桌，茶几
coffee-table book /'···/ n often derog a large expensive
book with a lot of pictures in it, which is intended to look at-
tractive rather than to give a lot of serious information【常贬】
〔放在咖啡桌上做摆设，旨在版面精美而不是提供大量严肃信息
的〕大本精装图书[画册]
cof-fer /`kofa; 'kofe/ n a large strong chest for holding money. 
jewels, or other valuable objects 贵重物品箱；保险箱；钱柜：(fig. 
喻)The government's coffers are almost empty. (=they have
no money)政府的钱几乎已花光。
cof·fer·dam /`kofa, daem; 'kofedaem/ also 又作 coffer - n a
CAISSON 潜水箱，沉箱
cof·fin /`kofin; 'kofen/ also 又作 casket especially AmE【尤美】--
n the box in which a dead person is buried or burnt 棺材 — see
also 另见 nail in someone's coffin (NAIL' (3)
cog /kag; kog/ n 1 any of the teeth round the edge of a wheel
(cogwheel)that cause it to move or be moved by another wheel
〔齿轮的〕轮齿，轮牙，嵌齿：the cogs in a car's gear wheels 汽
车排挡齿轮的轮牙 2 a COGWHEEL 齿轮 3 infml an unimportant
person in a large business or organization【非正式】〔大商社或
大机构中)不重要的人，小人物：I'm just a cog in the machine
of a big insurance company. 我不过是一家大保险公司中的小
人物。
co. gent /`kod3ent; 'keud3ant/ adj fml (especially of reasons or
arguments) tending to persuade or to produce belief
CONVINCING【正式】〔理由或论据等〕有说服力的，令人信服的：
cogent arguments in fayour of the proposal有利于该建议的
令人信服的论据 — ~ly adv - -gency n [U]
cog·i·tate /`kad3e tet; 'kod3teit/v[I (about, on, upon)] fm
or humor to think carefully and seriously about something; 
PONDER【正式或幽】认真思考；深思熟虑 - -tation /kad3e`tefen; 
. kod3'teifan/ n [C; U]
cog. i·to er·go sum /kogito 3go`sum; kog teu 3：rgeu 'sum/
see 参见 DESCARTES
co·gnac /`'konjaek; 'konjaek/ n [C; U] (a glass of) BRANDY (=a
fine strong alcoholic drink) made in France （一杯）法国白兰地
(酒)，干邑酒
cog·nate' /kagnet; 'kogneit/ adj [(with)] fml or tech related
in origin or qualities【正式或术语】同源的；同祖先的，同宗的；性
质相同的：Italian and Spanish are cognate languages. 意大利
语和西班牙语是同源语言。
cognate2n fml or tech someone or something related in origin
or sharing some qualities with another person or thing, espe-
cially a word in one language that is similar to one in another
language and has the same origin【正式或术语】同系亲族，同族
同源物，同性质的东西；〔尤指〕同源词
cog·ni·tion /kag`nifen; kog'nifan/ n [U] fml or tech the act or
experience of knowing, including consciousness of things and
judgment about them【正式或术语】感知，认识；认识力：in full
cognition of the facts 对事实有充分认识的情况下
0324
cog·ni·tive /`kagnetiy; 'kpgntiy/ adj fml or tech of or about
cognition【正式或术语】感知的；认识（力）的：cognitive psychol-
ogy/learning 认识心理学；感知性学习 — ~ly adv
cog·ni·zance, -sance /`kagnezens; 'kognzans/ ntake cogni-
zance of fml or law to take notice of; take into consideration
【正式或律】注意到··，考虑到··：The judge has taken cogni-
zance of the new facts in your case. 法官已经注意到你案件中
的新事实
cog·ni·zant, -sant /`kggnizent; 'kpgnzant/ adj [F+of] fml or
law having knowledge or information; AWARE【正式或律】了
解的；知道的；察觉的：The judge said he was not fully cogni. 
zant of the facts in the case. 法官说他还不了解有关该案件的全
部事实
cog·no·men /kag`nomen; kog'neumen/ n 1 pomp a descrip
tive NICKNAME, such as 'the Great' in 'Frederick the Great
【夸张】〔描绘某人特征等的〕绰号，别名<如 Frederick the Great
(腓特烈大帝)中的 the Great> 2 tech a person's SURNAME(=family
name), especially in ancient Rome【术语】〔尤指古罗马人的〕姓
氏
co. gno. scen. ti /konjo`fEnti; konjeu'fenti:/ n [(the) P] people
who have, or claim to have, special knowledge of or experi-
ence in fashion, art, food etc; CONNOISSEURs〔艺术品等的)（自
称的)行家，鉴赏家
cog·wheel /`kag hwil; 'kogwi:l/ also又作 cog - n a whee
with teeth round the edge that can move or be moved by an-
other wheel of the same type 齿轮
co. hab. it /ko`haebit; keu'haebt/ v[I(with)] fm/ (of unmarried
people) to live together as though married【正式】〔未结婚者)
同居：Alison and Peter have been cohabiting/Alison has been
cohabiting with Peter for years. 艾莉森和彼得几年来一直同
居。 — ~ation /kohaebi`tefen; keu haeb'teifan/ n[U]
Co-han /`kohaen: 'keuhaen/, George M. (1878-1942) a US
actor, writer, and songwriter, who wrote several musical plays
and many well-known songs, including Give My Regards to
Broadway and I'm a Yankee Doodle Dandy 科汉〔 (1878-
1942), 美国演员，作家和歌曲作家，曾创作了好几出音乐剧和许
多著名的歌曲，包括《代我问候百老汇》和《我是美国花花公子》)
Co. hen /`koin: 'keun/ Leon·ard (1934- ) a Canadian
songwriter and poet, who first became popular in the 1960s, 
and whose songs include Suzanne and I'm Your Man. He has
a very low singing voice and his early songs were known for
being very sad and DEPRESSING. 科恩〔(1934- )，加拿大歌曲
作家和诗人，最初于20世纪60年代成名，歌曲包括《苏珊》和《我
是你的男人》。他的嗓音低沉，早期歌曲以极度伤感和令人心情抑
郁著称〕
co·here /ko`hir: keo'hie/ y [I] fm/【正式】1 to stick together; be
united （互相）黏合，粘连；联合，结合：to make two surfaces co-
here 把两个平面粘在一起 2 to be reasonably and naturally
connected, especially in thought; show coherence〔尤指思想
前后一致，有连贯性，有条理：an argument that simply fails to
cohere 一个前后自相矛盾的论点
co·her·ence /ko`hirens; keu'hiarens/ also 又作 co·her·en·cy
/-rensi; -rensi/ - n [U] natural or reasonable connection; an
orderly relationship between parts, especially in speech. 
writing, or argument; CONSISTENCY〔尤指讲话、写作或辩论中
各部分之间的〕连贯性；条理性；一致性
co. her·ent /ko`hirent; keu'hiarent/ adj (especially of speech
writing, or argument) naturally or reasonably connected and
therefore easy to understand; showing coherence; CONSISTENT
〔尤指讲话、写作或辩论〕连贯的；有条理的；前后一致的：to con
struct a coherent argument 构思出一套有连贯性的论据| They
seem to have no coherent plan for saving the company. 他们
似乎并没有一套有条有理的挽救公司的计划。 — opposite 反义
词 incoherent — ~ly adv
co. he. sion /ko`hi3en; keu'hi:3an/ n [U] 1 the act or state of
sticking together tightly 粘连，黏合，黏接；结合（力）；团结；凝
聚力：We need greater cohesion in the party if we're going to
win the next election. 我们如果想赢得下次选举，就需要党内有
更加紧密的团结。2 tech close relationship, based on grammar
or meaning, between different parts of a sentence or between
one sentence and another【术语】〔语法或意思上的〕紧密联系 -
-sive /-`hisiv; -'hi:siv/ adj: cohesive forces in society 社会内
部的凝聚力|a cohesive group 一个有凝聚力的团体 - -sively
adv - -siveness n [U]
co-hort /`kohort; 'keuho:t/ n 1 [+sing. /pl. v] tech any group of
people who share some common quality, especially those of
the same age, in a study of the population【术语】〔具有某种共
同属性的〕一群人；〔尤指人口研究中的〕同龄群2[+sing. /pl. v]
(in the ancient Roman army) a group of between 300 and 600
soldiers under one commander〔古罗马军队的〕步兵大队〔由一
名指挥官统率，有300至600名士兵的军团)3 often derog. es-
Decially AmE a companion; aSSociate【常贬, 尤美】同伙:同
谋者：the mayor and his disreputable cohorts 市长和他那群臭
名昭彰的同伙
COl /si o `ar; si: eu 'ai/ abbrey, for 缩写= CENTRAL OFFICE OF
INFORMATION
coif /koif; koif/ n a close-fitting cap covering the top, sides, and
back of the head, worn by some NUNS(=members of female
religious groups)修女帽〔修女戴的一种紧包着头顶，耳朵和后脑
的帽子〕
coif-feur /kwa`f3; kwo'f3:/ n fml or pomp a HAIRDRESSER【正
式或夸张】理发师，发型设计师
coif·fure /kwa`fjur; kwo'fjue/ n fml a way of arranging or
wearing the hair; HAIRSTYLE【正式】发式，发型 - -fured adj
coil1 /koil; koil/ v [I+adv/prep; T (UP)] to (cause to) wind or
twist round and round to form a ring or SPIRAL 卷缠，盘绕：The
snake coiled arounc the tree/coilec itself into a ball, 蛇缠绕
在树上[盘绕成了一团]。| a coiled spring 螺形弹簧
coil2n 1 a connected set of rings or twists into which a rope. 
wire, length of hair etc can be wound; continuous circular shape
made by winding 一卷，一圈，一盘；盘卷之物； a coil of rope`-
卷绳索| her heavy coil of hair 她那浓密的盘成一团的头发
2 tech an electrical apparatus made by winding wire into a
continuous circular shape, used for carrying an electric current
【术语】线圈，绕组 3 a coil of metal or plastic which is fitted
inside the UTERUS (=the child-bearing organ of a woman) to
prevent her from having children; IUD 避孕环
*coin1 /koin; koim/ n 1 a piece of metal, usually flat and round
made by a government for use as money 硬币，金属钱币：
changed a ts notela $5 bill because I needed some coins for
te ticket machine, 我把一张5英镑 [5美元]的钞票换成零钱, 
因为我在售票机买票需要硬币。|He paid me in coin. 他付给我
的都是硬币。| Let'stoss/flip a coin to decide who should go
first -- do you want heads or tails?我们来抛硬币决定谁先走
吧，你是要正面还是反面？2 pay someone in their own coin
especially BrE infml to treat someone in the same (bad) way
as they have treated others【尤英，非正式】以其人之道还治其人
之身，以牙还牙 3 the other side of the coin the other or oppo-
site side of an argument, situation etc 事情[论点等]的另一面：
These workers earn a lot more than us, but the other side of
the coin is that their job is much more dangerous. 这些工人挣
的钱比我们多得多，可话又说回来，他们的工作也危险得多。4two
sides of the same coin used in order to say that two problems
or situations are so closely related that they are really just two
parts of the same thing〔同一件事中〕两个密切相关的问题[局
势]：School life and home life are two sides of the same coin
for children. 学校生活与家庭生活对孩子来说是密不可分的两部
分内容。| It is becoming apparent that political unrest and
religious fundamentalism are two sides of the same coin. 政
治动乱与宗教原教旨主义有密切关连这个事实逐渐清楚了
coin2v[T] 1 to make (coins) from metal〔用金属〕铸造（硬币）
2 to invent (a word or phrase)创造〔新词或新语)：Who coined
the word 'nuke'?是谁造出 nuke这个词的？ 3 coin money also
又作 coin it - BrE infml to earn a lot of money very quickly
【英，非正式】暴富，捞钱：That restaurant must be coining
money - it's always full. 那家饭店一定发大财了 -- 顾客总是
坐得满满的。4 to coin a phrase humor (used for excusing
yourself when you have used a very well-known and ordinary
phrase)【幽】常言说得好，俗话说：Many hands make light work, 
to coin a phrase. 常言说，人多好干活。 — ~er n
coin. age /koinid3; 'koinid3/ n 1 [U] the system of coins used
in a country 货币制度：decimal coinage 十进位币制 2 [C] a
word or phrase recently invented 新造的词（语） ：The word
‘nuke'is a fairly recent coinage. nuke是个不久前才创造出来
的词。3 [U] a the act of making coins 造币，铸币 b the act of
inventing new words or phrases新词（语）的创造
co·in·cide /koin`said; keun'said/ v [I (with)] 1 to happen at
the same time or during the same period 〔在时间上〕巧合；同时
发生：Her holidays don't coincide with mine. 她不跟我同一个
时候休假。| The Oueen's visit has been planned to coincide
with the school's 200th anniversary, 女王的访问正好安排在
学校200周年校庆的时候。2(of ideas, opinions etc) to be in
agreement〔意见、见解等)一致，相符：Our interests happened
to coincide. 我们的利益恰好一致。
co·in·ci·dence /ko`insedens; keu'insdans/n1 [C; U] (an ex-
ample of) the happening by chance at the same time or place
of two or more events which are similar or related〔在时间或空
间上的)巧合：恰好相合的事，巧事：What a coincidence that I
was in London at the same time as you! 真巧，你在伦敦时我也
在那儿。| By sheer coincidence /By a curious coincidence, 
0325
my husband and I have the same birthday. 纯粹是巧合[说来
也巧]我丈夫和我同一天生日。| It is no coincidence that his
car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery. 银行遭
劫时，有人看到他的汽车正在附近，这绝不是巧合。2 [U] fml the
condition or fact of coinciding【正式】相符，一致：coincidence
of opinions 意见一致
co·in·ci·dent /ko`insedent; keu'insdent/ adj1 [(with)] tech
or fml existing or happening in the same position and time【术
语或正式】同时发生[存在]的；巧合的 2 fml being in complete
agreement【正式】相符的，一致的
co·in. ci·den·tal/ko, inse`dentl; keu, ins'dentl/ adj resulting
from a coincidence 巧合的；同时发生的：It was purely coinci-
dental that we were travelling on the same plane. 我们乘同一
架飞机旅行纯属巧合。 — ~ly adv: Coincidentally, he and I were
on the same plane. 真巧，他跟我正好乘同一架飞机。
Coin. treau /kwan`tro; 'kwontreu/ trademark a type of
colourless French LIQUEUR (=a sweet and very strong alco-
holic drink), which tastes of oranges and is usually drunk from
a small glass after a meal【商标】“君度”牌利口酒〔一种法国产
的无色橘味利口酒，一般在饭后倒在小杯子里喝)
coir/koir; koie/ n [U] the rough hair outer covering of the
COCONUT, used for making ropes, mats etc 椰子壳纤维〔用于做
绳索、垫子等〕
co. i·tus/`koites; 'koites, med【医】`koites; 'keutes/ also 又作
co·i·tion /ko`ifen; keu'ifan/ - n [U] med or fml the act of sex:
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE【医或正式】性交 -- coital /`koitl; 'koitl, 
med【医】`koitl; 'keutl/ adj
coitus in. ter. rup. tus/, koites inte`raptes; koites inte'rvptes
med【医】koites inte`rvptes; keutes inte'rvptes/ n [U] fml the
practice of taking the man's sex organ out of the woman's sex
organ before ejaculating(EJACULATE), to prevent the woman
from having a baby【正式】不完全性交，中断式性交〔男方为防止
女方受孕而在未射精前即中止之性交〕
coke1/kok; keuk/ n [U] the solid substance that remains after
gas has been removed from coal by heating, which is burnt as
a FUEL焦炭
coke2n 1 also 又作 Coke - trademark for【商标】= COCA-
COLA 可口可乐 2 [U] slang for【俚】=COCAINE 可卡因
col/kal; kol/ n a low place between two high points in a moun-
tain range; mountain PASS2(5)〔两峰之间的)山坳，山口
Col written abbrey, for 缩写= COLONEL
co. la/`kole; 'keule/ n [C; U] (a glass of) a non-alcoholic sweet
CARBONATED dark-coloured drink(一杯)可乐类饮料：Two
colas, please. 请来两杯可乐。| What kind of cola is this?这
是什么可乐？ — see also 另见 DIET COLA
COLAn abbrev. for 缩写= cost of living adjustment; in the US
an increase to people's wages or SOCIAL SECURITY and WEL-
FARE payments to prevent them being affected by INFLATION
(=the gradual rise in the price of goods etc)生活费用调节〔指
在美国，人们的工资或社会保障与福利救济金的增长，以防止它们
受通货膨胀影响〕
col·an·der/`kvlende; 'kvlende/ also 又作 cullender - n a meta
or plastic bowl with many small holes in the bottom, used for
separating liquid from food （洗菜等用的）滤锅，滤器：Strain the
peas in the colander. 把豆子放在滤锅里空一下水。
Col. by/`kolbi; 'keulbi/ trademark a type of orange-coloured
cheese sold in the US【商标】科尔比干酪〔一种在美国出售的橘
黄色干酪〕
Colches. ter /`koltfaste; 'keultfste/ a town in Essex, SE
England. It was the Roman capital of Britain and claims to be
the oldest town in the UK. The University of Essex is there. 科
尔切斯特〔英格兰东南部埃塞克斯郡一小镇，曾为罗马时期英国的
都城，据称是英国最古老的小镇，建有埃塞克斯大学〕
*cold1/kold; keuld/ adj 1 having a low or lower than usual
temperature; not warm 寒冷的：cold water 冷水 | a cold wind
冷风| It's a cold day for July, isn't it?在7月里这天气可够凉
的，是不是？| It's getting cold - let's shut the window. 天凉
了 —— 把窗子关上吧。| I'm (feeling) cold; I should have put
a coat on. 我觉得很冷，我本该穿上件大衣的。| My coffee has
gone cold. 我的咖啡凉了。| My toes gre as cold as ice 我的脚
指头冰凉冰凉的。| (fig. 喻) She went cold with fear when she
heard the footsteps outside her door. 她听到门外的脚步声吓
得浑身发抖。 — opposite 反义词 hot 2 a not cheerful or friendly
冷淡的，不热情[友好]的：a cold handshake/greeting 冷淡的
握手[问候] | She seemed rather cold towards the visitors. 她
似乎对来访者很冷漠。b not influenced by feeling 冷静的；冷酷
的：a cold calculating murderer 思虑周密的冷酷凶杀犯| a
cold evaluation of the facts 对事实的冷静评价 | The prospect
of another party left her cold (=she was not excited or pleased
about it) 想到又要应付一个聚会，她心都凉了。 — see also 另见
COOL, FROSTY 3 (of food) cooked but not eaten hot 〔食物〕冷的，
凉的：cold meat 冷肉 | Shall I heat up the pies or shall we eat
them cold?我把馅饼热一下，还是我们就吃凉的？4 [F] (especially
in children's games) still a long way from finding a hidden
object, the answer etc 〔尤指在儿童游戏中〕距离目标[答案等]还
远的，未答对的：You're getting colder. 你的答案越来越离谱了。
 — compare 比较 HOT1(11), WARM' (7) 5 [F] infml unconscious
especially as the result of a severe blow to the head【非正式】
〔尤指头部受打击后〕失去知觉的：I knocked him cold with one
blow. 我一拳就把他打昏过去了。| She's out cold 她昏过去
了。 — see also 另见 in cold blood (BLOOD1), blow hot and
cold (BLOW1), pour cold water over/on (POUR) — ~ly adv:
“Good morning, ”she said coldly. 她冷冷地说了一声：“早上
好。”| coldly analytical 冷静分析的 — ~ness n [U]
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 cold and 和 cool, hot
and 和 warm. Cold suggests a lower temperature than cool . 
perhapsuncomfortably low. cold与 cool相比，温度上要
更低，而且往往低得令人不舒服：cold weather （寒冷的天气）
Cool often suggests a pleasantly low temperature, cool则
常表示令人舒适的低气温：a nice cool breeze(一阵怡人的
凉风) | a lovely cool room (said when you are hot) （凉爽
舒适的屋子) In the same way, hot suggests a higher tem-
perature than warm, or a temperature which would not be
comfortable for a long period. Warm often suggests a
pleasantly high temperature. 同样 hot 与 warm 相比，在气
温上要更高，且往往指一种不舒服的、持续的高气温，warm
则常指令人舒适的高气温：The handle is too hot to touch. 
(手柄热得没法碰。) | I've caught a cold, so I'm going to
take a quick hot bath and go to bed. （我感冒了，要冲个热
水澡然后去睡觉。) | I could lie in a warm bath for hours. 
(我可以在暖水浴盆里躺上几个钟头。)|a lovely warm
room (said when you are cold)(暖和舒适的房间)
cold2n 1 [(the) U] the absence of heat; low temperature or cold
weather 寒冷，低气温：Don't go out in the cold without a coat!
在这样的寒冷天气里要穿上外衣才好出去。| The machine is de-
signed to work in extremes of heat or cold. 这部机器经特殊设
计，可在极热或极冷的环境下运转。2[C; U] an illness, especially
of the nose and/or throat, which causes headaches, coughing, 
slight fever, and general discomfort 感冒，伤风：I've got a bad
cold. 我得了重感冒。| He caught (a) cold in the e storm
yesterday. 他昨天下暴雨时挨淋了，所以感冒了。3 come in from
the coldto become accepted or recognized, especially by a
powerful group of people (from the title of a book by John Le
Carré， The Spy Who Came in from the Cold) 被接受，得到承认
〔尤指被有权势的人接受或承认，源于约翰·勒卡雷的小说名《寒国
谍影》)4 feed a cold and starve a fever saying a phrase stat-
ing an old belief that if you have a cold you should eat a lot to
get better, but if you have a FEVER (=your body is hot because
of illness) you should eat nothing【谚】伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿
5(out) in the cold infml not considered or not taking part【非
正式】遭受冷落；被忽视[排挤]：He was left out in the cold at
school because he didn't like sports. 他在学校受冷落，因为他
不喜欢体育。- — see also 另见 COMMON COLD, catch your death
of cold(CATCH1)
*cold3adv completely; thoroughly 完全地，彻底地：When he asked
her to marry him she turned him down cold. 他向她求婚时，她
一口就回绝了。| He stopped cold when he heard a noise be-
hind him. 他听到身后有声音，立刻就站住不动了，
cold-blood·ed/· '·/ adj1 [no comp. 无比较级] having a body
temperature that changes according to the temperature of the
surroundings 冷血的：Snakes are cold-blooded. 蛇是冷血动物。
 — compare 比较 WARM-BLOODED 2 showing complete lack
of feeling; cruel 无情的；残酷的：a cold-blooded murder 残忍
的谋杀 3 infml very sensitive to cold【非正式】对寒冷特别敏感
的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
cold call/'/ n a telephone call made to a number found in the
telephone book or on a list in order to try to sell something to
the person who answers〔按电话号码簿上的号码拨打，试图推销
商品的〕冷不防电话
cold chis. el/·/ n a CHISEL (=a strong narrow sharp-ended
steel tool) for cutting cold metal冷錾〔在常温下切割金属的工
具〕
cold com-fort/ '·/ n [U] something that does not give comfort; 
no CONSOLATION 敷衍人的安慰，不起作用的安慰：It's cold com-
fort to know that your disease is a common one when you are
ill. 生病时知道自己得的是一般性的病，这种安慰没多大作用。
Cold Comfort Farm/··/ a humorous novel by Stella Gib-
bons about a farm in southern England, where the owners and
0326
workers are all crazy or very strange《令人难以宽慰的农庄》〔由
斯特拉·吉本斯创作的一部幽默小说，描述了英格兰南部一农庄。
那里的主人和雇工不是发疯就是极古怪的〕
cold cream /'/ n [U] a thick white sweet-smelling oily cream
for cleaning and smoothing the skin 冷霜；油性雪花膏
cold cuts /'/ n [P] especially AmE thinly cut pieces of vari. 
ous types of cold meat【尤美】什锦肉片冷盘
cold feet /，'/ n [P] infml loss of courage or confidence, espe-
cially just before doing something that is planned(especially
in the phrases 尤用于短语 get/have cold feet 害怕起来)【非正
式】失掉勇气[信心]，胆怯：They got cold feet at the last minute
and refused to sign the contract. 他们在最后一刻胆怯了，拒绝
签订合同。
cold fish /. / n an unfriendly person who deals with others in
a cold way 态度冷淡的人，不热情的人
cold frame /'/n a small glass-covered frame for protecting
young plants冷床〔保护幼苗免受寒害的罩子)
cold front /'·/ n the advancing edge of a cold mass of air 〔冷
空气团的〕冷锋
cold fu·sion /'·/ n [U] NUCLEAR FUSION taking place at room
temperature using ordinary chemicals. It is widely believed by
scientists not to be possible, and has not been satisfactorily
proved. 冷聚变〔利用普通化学物在室温下进行的核聚变。科学家
普遍认为这是不可能的，而且尚未得到满意的证明)
cold-heart-ed /·/ adj unkind; showing no sympathy 冷淡
的：铁石心肠的； a cold-hearted refusal to help 对求助的冷淡
拒绝 — compare 比较 WARM-HEARTED — ~ly ady — ~ness n
[U]
Col-ditz /`koldits: 'keuldits/ a castle in Germany in which
prisoners-of-war were kept during World War II. Colditz is
thought of as a place that is almost impossible to escape from. 
科尔迪茨堡〔德国一城堡，第二次世界大战期间曾用来关押战俘，
被认为是不可能发生越狱事件的地方〕 — compare 比较 ALCATRAZ
cold shoul·der / '·/ n [the+S] infml intentionally cold un-
sympathetic treatment (especially in the phrases 尤用于短语
give/get the cold shoulder 冷待；受到冷待)【非正式】冷淡的对
待；冷落：After he left his wife for a younger woman, his friends
all gave him the cold shoulder. 他为一个年轻女人而抛下妻子
后，朋友都冷落他了。- cold-shoulder /· `·/ν[T]
cold show·er /'·/ n an act of washing the body by standing
under cold running water. People often say jokingly that a man
needs a cold shower if he is sexually excited, because it is
thought that a cold shower will calm him down, 冷水淋浴〔人
们常揶揄说某个男人如果有了性冲动就需要去冲个冷水澡，因为他
们认为这能使人冷静
cold snap /'· ·/ also 又作 cold spell AmE【美】— n a sudder
short period of very cold weather 乍冷，骤冷
cold sore /'/ n a sore on the lips or inside the mouth, that
often comes with a cold or fever 〔因伤风而发热时生的〕嘴边疱
疹，唇疱疹 — see also另见 HERPES
cold steel /， ·/ n [U] lit a fighting weapon such as a knife or
sword, rather than a gun【文】利器〔指刀、剑等〕
cold stor·age /，· '·/ n [U] 1 storage (e. g. of food) in a cold
place in order to keep things fresh or in good condition 〔尤指
食品的〕冷藏 2 the condition of being put aside for future ac-
tion 搁置，停顿；冻结：We'll put the plan into cold storage until
we can find some more money. 我们先把计划搁置起来，等有
了钱再说
cold store /'/ n a cold usually REFRIGERATEd room for keep
ing food, fur etc in〔存放食品、动物毛皮等的〕冷藏库
Cold-stream Guards, the /koldstrim `gardz; keuldstri:m
ga:dz/ a famous REGIMENT(=a large group of soldiers)in the
British army, formed in about 1660科尔德斯特里姆警卫军团
〔建军于1660年左右的著名英军军团〕
cold sweat / / n [S] a state in which one SWEATS and feels
cold at the same time, because of fear or nervousness 〔因恐惧
或紧张而出的)冷汗：to break out in a cold sweat 出了一身冷
cold tur·key /，· '·/ n [U] slang【俚】1 (the unpleasant sick feel-
ing caused by) the sudden stopping of the use of a drug by an
ADDICT (=someone who is dependent on a drug)〔瘾君子)突然
戒毒（所引起的难受感） 2go cold turkey to stop the use of a
drug suddenly 突然完全停止服用毒品：When I gave up smok-
ing I went cold turkey. 我一下子戒了烟。
cold war /，'/n a state of severe political struggle betweer
countries with opposed political systems, who attack each other
in various political ways without actually fighting 〔国与国之
间的〕冷战
Cold War, the the political struggle between the US and the
Soviet Union after World War II, which was most severe in
the 1950s but in the 1970s gave way to DETENTE. By late 1990
it was considered to be over. 冷战〔第二次世界大战后美国和苏
联之间的政治斗争，20世纪50年代最为激烈，但在20世纪70年
代趋于缓和。1990年底冷战结束〕— see Feature on page B6参
见B6页文化特写
Cole /kol; keul/ Nat King /naet kin; naet kin/ (1917-1965) a
US singer known for his soft smooth voice, and for his record-
ings of love songs such as When I Fall in Love, Unforgettable. 
and Mona Lisa科尔〔(1917-1965)，美国歌手，以其轻柔圆润的
嗓音及所录制的爱情歌曲《当我堕入爱河》、《不能忘怀的》和《蒙娜
丽莎》等闻名〕
Cole, Old King — see 参 OLD KING COLE
Cole·man /`kolmen; 'keulmen/ Da. vid (1926- ) a British
sports COMMENTATOR (=someone who describes sports events
while they are happening), who worked for the BBC for many
years, and who was also the QUESTION MASTER on the televi-
sion programme A QUESTION OF SPORT科尔曼〔(1926-)，英
国体育比赛解说[评论]员，曾为英国广播公司服务多年，并担任电
视节目《体育知识问答》的主持人〕
Coleman, Or·nette /or`nst; o:'net/ (1930-)an American JAZZ
musician and COMPOSER known for his SAXOPHONE playing
科尔曼〔(1930-)，美国爵士音乐家和作曲家，以演奏萨克斯管闻
名〕
Co·le·ridge /kolerid3; 'keulerid3, Sam·u·el Tay. lor /saemjuel
`tela; 'saemjuel 'terle/ (1772-1834) a British poet best known
for the poems The Rime of the ANCIENT MARINER and Kubla
Khan. He is also known for having taken drugs, including
OPIUM, for many years. He and his friend William WORDSWORTH
were leaders of the ROMANTIC MOVEMENT in Britain. 柯尔律
治〔(1772-1834)，英国诗人，以诗歌《古舟子咏》和《忽必烈汗》最
为出名，也以多年吸食鸦片等毒品为人所知。他和朋友威廉·华兹
华斯是英国浪漫主义运动的领袖
cole·slaw /'kol slo; 'keulslo:/ n [U] finely cut uncooked CAB. 
BAGE (=a leafy vegetable) in a DRESSING eaten as a SALAD(凉
拌)卷心菜丝
Col-ette /ko`let: kp'let/ (1873-1954) a French writer best known
for her NOVELS Chéri and Gigi科莱特〔(1873-1954)，法国作
家，以其小说《亲爱的》和《吉吉》最为出名〕
co-ley /'kolr; 'keuli/ n coley or coleys [C; U] (the white flesh. 
used as food, of) a large North Atlantic sea fish〔产于北大西洋
的〕绿青鳕鱼
Col-gate /'kolget; 'keulgeit/ trademark a type of TOOTHPASTE
【商标】“高露洁”牙膏
col. ic /'kalik; 'kolik/ n [(the) U] a severe pain in the stomach
and bowels, especially of babies〔尤常见于婴儿的〕急性腹痛. 
腹绞痛
col-ick·y /kaliki: 'kpliki/ adj like colic or suffering from colic
腹绞痛的，急性腹痛的：a colicky baby患腹绞痛的婴儿
Col·i·se·um /kalr`siem; kpl'si:em/ — see 参见 COLOSSEUM
co. li. tis /ko`laitis; ke'laits/ n [U] swelling of the COLON (=part
of the bowels) causing severe discomfort结肠炎
col·lab. o. rate /ke`laebe ret; ke'laebereit/ v [I]1 [(with, in)] to
work together or with someone else, especially for a special
purpose; COOPERATE 合作，协作：The police and the army col-
laborated (in catching the terrorists). 警察与军队协作（捕获
了恐怖分子)。| Our company is collaborating with a Ger-
man firm in designing a new computer. 我们公司和一家德国
公司正合作设计一种新型电脑。|[+to-v] The two organizations
collaborated to ensure the disease was wiped out. 这两个组
织通力合作，以确保消灭这种疾病。2[(with)] derog to help an
enemy country which has taken control of your own【贬】与敌
勾结，通敌：Anyone who had collaborated (with the enemy
was shot. 所有通敌分子都被枪决了。 - -rator n -- -ratio /ka-
laebe`refen; ke laebe'reifan/ n [U(with, between)]合作，协作；
通敌：The two companies are working in close collaboration
(with each other). 这两家公司正紧密协作。- -rative /ke`laebe
retiv; ke'laebaretiv/ adj: a collaborative venture 协作项目
col. lab. o. ra. tion. ist /ke laebe`refenist; ke laebe'reifanst/n
derog a person who helps an enemy that has taken control of a
country【贬】通敌分子，卖国贼 - -ism n[U]
collab. o. rat. or /ke laebe`rte; ke laebe'reter/ n [C] 1 someone
who helps their country's enemies. e. g. by giving them
information, when the enemy has taken control of their country
通敌分子，卖国贼：Their job was to identify enemy collaborators
他们的职责是找出通敌分子。2 someone who works with other
people in order to achieve something, especially in science or
art〔尤指科学、艺术方面的〕合作者，协作者：collaborators on a
biography of Dickens 协作出版狄更斯传记的工作人员
col-lage /ke`la3; 'kola:3/ n 1 [C] a picture made by sticking
various materials or objects onto a surface 拼贴画 2 [U] the art
0327
of making such pictures 拼贴艺术
col·la·gen /`kaled3en; 'kpled3an/ n [U] a PROTEIN in the cells
of the body that is not easily weakened 胶原（蛋白）〔人体细胞
中的一种高强度蛋白〕
col-lapse'/ke`laeps; ke'laeps/ v1 [I] to fall down or inwards
suddenly as a result of pressure or loss of strength or support
倒塌； The bridge collapsed under the weight of the train. 桥
在火车的重压下塌了。2 [I] to fall helpless or unconscious 倒
下；昏倒：He collapsed at the end of the long race. 他跑过长途
赛跑的终点就倒下了。| (fig. 喻) The children collapsed with
laughter when their father fell in the river. 看到父亲掉下河
去，孩子们笑得前仰后合。3[I] to fail suddenly and completely; 
break down 崩溃，垮掉，瓦解：The company collapsed in its
first year of trading. 公司开业第一年就倒闭了。| He felt as if
his whole world had collapsed (about him) when his chil-
dren were killed in a car crash. 他的几个孩子在车祸中丧生
后，他感到仿佛自己的一切都完了。4 [I; T] to fold into a shape
that takes up less space 折叠（起来） ； This table collapses, so I
can store it easily when I'm not using it. 这桌子可以折叠，所
以我不用它的时候可以轻易地把它收起来。| Collapse the table
and put it away. 把桌子折叠起来放到一边去。5 [I; T] med【医】
a (of a lung or BLOOD VESSEL) to fall into a flattened mass
〔肺、血管〕萎陷，陷落 b to cause (a lung or blood vessel) to fall
into a flattened mass 使〔肺、血管)萎陷：The doctors had to
collapse her right lung to save her life. 医生不得不让她的右
肺萎陷来挽救她的生命。
collapse2n 1 [U] (an example of) the act of collapsing 倒坍；垮
掉；崩溃：The storm caused the collapse of the roof. 暴风雨使
屋顶塌了。| The collapse of the peace talks led to renewed
fighting. 和谈的破裂使战火复燃。] The country's economy is
on the verge of collapse. 国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。2 [C:
U](an example of) the sudden and complete loss of strength
and/or will〔体力或精神的〕垮掉，衰弱；消沉，颓丧：a state of
near/utter collapse 几乎 [完全] 垮掉的境地 | He suffered from
a nervous collapse. 他患了精神崩溃症。
col-lapsi-ble /ke`laepsebl; ke'laepsbal/ adj that can be collapsed
for easy storing 可折叠的：a collapsible bicycle 折叠式自行车
*col-lar1/kale; 'kole/ n 1 the part of a shirt, dress, or coat that
stands up or folds down round the neck 领子，衣领；硬领：a
tight collar 很紧的领子 | What size (of) collar is this shirt?
这衬衣领子的尺寸是多少？| a coat with a fur collar 带裘皮领
的大衣 2 a band put round an animal's neck 〔动物的)颈圈：
Where are the dog's collar and lead?狗的颈圈和皮带哪儿去
了？ 3 a round leather object put round the shoulders of a horse
to help it pull a vehicle 〔套在拉车的马颈上的) 轭 4 tech a coloured
marking round an animal's neck【术语】动物颈部周围皮毛的色
圈 5 any of various ring-like machine parts〔机器部件的)环管：
垫圈；套管；轴环 6 hot under the collar angry or excited 愤怒
的，激动的：He got hot under the collar when he realised they
were criticising his report. 意识到他们在批评他的报告时，他
很气愤。 — see also 另见 BLUE-COLLAR, DOG COLLAR, WHITE-
COLLAR
collar2v [T] infml to seize; catch and hold【非正式】抓住，捕获：
The police collared him as he was getting on the boat. 他在上
船时被警察抓住了。| (fig. 喻) He was collared by some jour-
nalists as he left his office. 他离开办公室时被记者拦住了
col·lar·bone /`kale`bon; 'kolebeun/ also 又作 clavicle med
【医】- n either of a pair of bones joining the RIBs to the front
of the shoulders 锁骨
col-lards /`kaladz; 'koledz/ collard greens /，. · '/ - n [P] a
vegetable with green leaves, cooked and eaten as food, espe-
cially in the southern US 羽衣甘蓝叶〔尤在美国南方作蔬菜食
用〕
collar stud /'. / n a small buttonlike object for fastening a
collar to a shirt 〔把领子固定在衬衫上的〕领扣
col-late /ka`let; ke'leit/ v [T] 1 fm/ to examine and compare
(copies of books, notes etc) carefully in order to find the dif-
ferences between them【正式】对照，核对，校勘：to collate two
ancient manuscripts 校勘两本古代手稿 2 tech to arrange (the
sheets)(of a book) in the proper order before they are bounc
together【术语】〔为装订按次序〕整理（书页）
col-lat·e. ral'/kelaeterel; ke'laeterel/ n [S; U] tech valuable prop
erty promised to a lender if you are unable to repay a debt; 
SECURITY(4)【术语】〔举债的)担保物，抵押品：He used/put up
offered his house as (a) collateral for the loan. 他用自己的房
子作为贷款的抵押。
collateral2 adj fml or tech【正式或术语】1 additional, but with
less importance; SECONDARY 并行的；附属的，附带的，伴随的，
次要的：A collateral aim of the government's industrial strat-
egy is to increase employment. 政府工业战略的一个附带目的
是增加就业。 The bombs were aimed at military targets but
there was some collateral damage to civilian areas, 炸弹是
针对军事目标的，但也给居民区造成了一些附带性的破坏。2de
scended from the same person but through different sons or
daughters （亲戚）旁系的：Cousins are collateral relatives but
brothers are directly related. 堂表兄弟是旁系亲戚, 而兄弟则
是直系亲戚。3 of or being COLLATERAL`附属担保的，抵押的
col. la. tion /ka`lefen; ke'leifan/ n fml【正式】1 [U] the act of
collating 核对，校勘；考订，对照 2 [C] a usually cold light meal
冷食小吃，便餐：a cold collation after the funeral 葬礼后的冷
食便餐
col-league /`kalig; 'koli:g/ n someone who works in the same
place, office etc as yourself, especially in a profession 同事；同
僚：May I introduce one of my colleagues at the bank?我可以
给你介绍我们银行的一位同事吗？ | She and I are colleagues. 
她和我是同事。 — compare 比较 WORKMATE
*col-lect1/ke`lakt; ke'lekt/ v1 [I; T (UP)] to come or bring to
gether in one place so as to form a group or mass; gather 收集，
集中；聚集：Collect (up) the books and put them in a pile on
my desk. 把书收在一起，叠起来放在我桌上。| A crowd of people
collected to watch the procession. 人群聚在一起观看游行队
伍。| The department collects information on political
extremists. 这个部门搜集有关政治极端分子的情报。2[T] to
gather (objects) over a long period of time, as a HOBBY, for
study etc 收藏：John collects foreign coins. 约翰收藏外国钱
币。3 [T] to come to take away 领取：接走：He collected the
children from school. 他从学校把孩子接走了。| She collected
her skirt from the cleaner's. 她从干洗店里把裙子取走。4 [I (for); 
T] to ask for or obtain payment of (money, taxes, rent etc)征
收〔税等)；募集〔捐款等)：The government is trying to improve
the way it collects taxes. 政府正试图改进收税的方式。| We're
collecting (money) for the famine victims. 我们在为遭受饥荒
的灾民募捐。5 [T] to get control of (yourself, your senses or
feelings etc)使镇定；使〔精力、思想〕集中； I tried to collect my
thoughts but I was too excited. 我想使思想集中起来，但是我
太激动了。— see 参见 GATHER (USAGE)
col-lect2/kalakt; 'kolikt/ n a short prayer read near the begin-
ning of certain Christian religious services〔某些基督教仪式快
开始时的〕短祷文，集祷文
collect3 /ke`lakt; ke'lekt/ adj, adv AmE to be paid for by the
receiver【美】由受话人[收件人]付款（的），由对方付费（的）：d
collect phone call 受话人付款的电话 | Call me collect as soon
as you get home. 你一到家就打电话来，由我付电话费。| I sent
you the books collect. 我把书给你寄去了，由你付邮费。
col. lect. able1/ke`lektebl; ke'lektebal/ adj fashionable to buy
and keep, especially because of being likely to increase in value
〔尤其具有增值可能而〕适于收藏的，流行收藏的：Thirties' pot-
tery figures are very collectable just now. 目前非常流行收藏
30年代的陶瓷人像
collectable2n AmE an object to be put in a collection, espe
cially something made for that purpose or which is old or rare
【美】收藏品，收集品：That record is a collectable. 那张唱片是
件收藏品
col. lect. ed /ke`laktid; ke'lektd/ adj having control of yourself, 
your thoughts, senses etc; calm 泰然自若的；镇静的； How can
you stay so cool, calm, and collected after an argument?你
在争辩之后，怎么还能如此冷静沉着，如此泰然自若？ — ~ly adv
collec. tion /ke`lakfen; ke'lekfan/ n 1 [U] the act or process of
collecting 收集；收取，领取：The local council is responsible
for the collection of domestic waste. 地方市政会负责收集民居
垃圾的事务。| He made arrangements for the collection of
his baggage from the airport. 他安排了去机场取行李。2 [C
(of)] a set of things of the same type that have been collected
收藏品，收集物；作品集：a wealthy family with a magnificent
art collection 一个拥有华丽艺术收藏品的富有人家 | I'll add
it to my stamp collection. 我会把它加进我所集的邮票中。| Her
new book is a collection of short stories, 她的新书是一部短篇
小说集。3 [C] an act of collecting money e. g. at a religious
service 〔在宗教仪式上〕募捐，捐款：to take round the collection
plate in church 在教堂里拿着募捐的盘子向人们募捐|to or
ganize a collection for charity 为慈善事业组织募捐 | His
workmates held/made a collection for his leaving party. 他的
工友为他的告别晚会募捐。4 [C(of) usually sing. 一般用单数
a group, pile etc, that has gathered together积聚物：集中在一
起的人：a collection of dust in the corner 角落里积起的一堆灰
尘 | an unusual collection of people at the party 聚会上不寻
常的一群人 5 [C] especially BrE the emptying of a letterbox
by a postman【尤英】〔邮差到邮筒)取信，收信：What time is the
next collection?下一次收信是什么时候？ — see also 另见 COL-
LECTOR
0328
col-lec-tive'/ke`lektiy: ke'lektiy/ adj of or shared by a number
of people or groups of people considered as one or acting as
one 集体的；共同的；集合的：the collective opinion of the gov
ernments of Western Europe 西欧各国政府的共同观点 | col
lective ownership/leadership 集体所有制[领导] — ~ly ady:
We were collectively responsible for the accident. 我们大家
对这起事故都要负责任
collective2n a group of people working together for their shared
advantage, especially a business owned and controlled by the
people who work in it 集体；集体经营的事业〔尤指公司、企业
等〕；合作社
collective bar-gain. ing /，· '··/ n [U] discussions betweer
employers and employees in order to reach agreement on
wages, working conditions etc〔资方与劳方就工资、工作条件等
问题所进行的〕集体谈判
collective farm /·/ n (especially in Communist countries
a large farm made by joining a number of small farms together
owned by the state, and controlled by the farm workers 〔由农
业工人管理的〕（国营）集体农庄
collective noun /·. / n tech (in grammar) a noun, such as
committee'or 'family', that is the name of a group of people
or things considered as a unit. In the singular a collective noun
can be followed either by a singular verb or (especially in Brit-
sh English) by a plural verb, so in this dictionary collective
nouns are marked [+sing. /pl. vl. 【术语】集合名词〔与动词连用
时，动词可作单数或（尤其在英式英语中）复数。在本辞典中，集合
名词之后均附有[+sing. /pl. v]的符号]
collective re·spon. si·bil. i. ty/·. ·. ·. . / n [U] responsibility
shared equally by a group of people 共同的责任：Society has d
collective responsibility to ensure the elderly are cared for
保证老年人得到照顾是整个社会的共同责任
collective un-con-scious, the/. . '. / [(the+S)] the idea de
veloped by the PSYCHIATRIST Jung that there are thoughts
feelings, and images that are shared by all human beings, and
that these are based on memories of experiences that happened
to humans who lived in the past 集体无意识〔精神病学家荣格
所阐发的概念，即存在人类共有的思想、感情和意象，其根源是过
去人类经历的记忆〕
collec·tor /ke`lekte; ke'lekte/ n (often in comb. 常用于复合
词)1 a person employed to collect taxes, tickets, debts etc收
税人；收票员；收款人；收账人；募捐者；a rent collector 收租者
2 a person who collects stamps, coins etc, as a HOBBY 收藏者，
收藏家：a stamp collector 集邮者
collector's i·tem /'·，·/ n an object of interest to COLLEC
TORS(2) because of its beauty or rarity引起收藏家兴趣的物
品、珍品
col-leen /`kalin:'kpli:n/ n IrE a girl【爱尔兰】女孩，少女
*col-lege /`kalid3; 'kolid3/ n 1 [C; U] a place where people go
for more advanced education after school, especially in a par
ticular subject or professional skill 学院，大学；〔尤指〕高等专科
学校：a teacher(s') training college 师范学院 | an agricul-
tural college 农业学院 | He's at law collegelart college. 他在
法学院[艺术学院]读书。| She started college last year. 她是
去年开始上大学的。| my college scarf我的〔印有校徽、校色等
的)大学围巾 — see also 另见 SIXTH FORM COLLEGE; see 参见
THE (USAGE) and see Feature on page B9 并见 B9页文化特
写2[C](especially in Britain) a body of teachers and students
forming a separate part of certain universities〔（尤指英国）大
学中独立的)学院：a member of one of the Oxford colleges 牛
津大学其中一所学院的成员|King's College Cambridge 剑桥
大学的国王学院 3 [C: Ul AmE a school for higher education
giving a BACHELOR'S DEGREE and possibly a MASTER's de-
gree and DOCTORATE【美】〔颁授学士学位、硕士学位、博士学位
的)大学 — see also 另见 JUNIOR COLLEGE 4 [C](in Britain)
any of certain large schools〔英国的〕公学，书院：〔规模大的〕中
学 5[C] the building or buildings used by any of these educa-
tional organizations 学院[学校] （之建筑物） ：The college is nexi
to the station. 该学院就在火车站旁边。6 [C+sing. /pl. v] the teach-
ers and students of a college considered as a whole〔学校的)全
体师生 7 [C] a body of people with a (stated) common
profession, purpose, duty, or right 学会，协会，社团：She's a
member of the Royal College of Nursing. 她是皇家护士协会
的会员。| the electoral college 选举团
college boards /'·/ n [P] a set of examinations which stu-
dents must take in order to enter an American college or
university. They include the SAT. 美国大学的入学考试〔包括学
业能力倾向测试
col·le·gi·ate /ke`lid3ut; ke'li:d3iet/ adj 1 of or belonging to a
college or college students 学院的，大学的；大学生的：collegiate
sports 大学生的体育运动| a collegiate theatre 大学生剧场
2 having COLLEGES (2)附设学院的：a collegiate university -
所附设学院的大学
collegiate church /·，· '/ n a Christian church (not a
CATHEDRAL) with more than one regular priest or MINISTER至
少有两个专任牧师主持的（基督教）教堂
col-lide /ke`laid; ke'laid/ v [I (with)] 1 to crash violently 相撞，
碰撞：The two planes collided (with each other) in midair. 两
架飞机在半空中相撞。2 to come into disagreement; be opposed
冲突，抵触，不一致：The President collided with Congress over
his budget plans. 总统在预算计划上和国会发生了冲突。— see
also 另见 COLLISION
col-lie /'kali; 'koli/ n a large long-haired dog used for looking
after sheep or kept as a pet长毛牧羊犬，柯利狗
col·li·er /`kalja; 'kolie/ n especially BrE【尤英】1 fml or old. 
fash a person employed to cut coal in a mine; coal MINER【I正
式或过时】煤矿工人 2 a ship for carrying coal 运煤船
collie·ry /kalieri: 'kplieri/n especially BrE a COALMINE and
the buildings, machinery etc connected with it【尤英】〔包括地
面建筑和设备等在内的〕煤矿
Col·lins /`kalmz; 'kolimz/ Jack·ie /`d3aeki; 'd3aeki:/ (1941-
a British writer who lives in HOLLYWOOD, known for her popu-
lar and successful novels about sex and the lives of rich and
famous people. She is the sister of Joan Collins 科林斯
〔(1941-)，生活在好莱坞的英国作家，以其描写性和名流巨富的
畅销小说闻名。她是琼·科林斯的妹妹〕
Collins, Joan /d3on; d3eun/ (1933-) a British film and televi-
sion actress, most famous for appearing as Alexis Carrington
in the US television programme DYNASTY (1981-1989)， and
for being beautiful and sexually attractive even though she is
no longer young. She is the sister of Jackie Collins. 科林斯
〔(1933-)，英国影视演员，以饰演美国电视剧《锦绣豪门》(1981
1989)中的亚历克西斯·卡林顿最为出名，尽管不再年轻但仍以美
丽、性感而为人知。她是杰基·科林斯的姐姐〕
Collins, Judy /`d3udi; 'd3u:di/ (1939- ) a US singer, popular
especially in the 1960s and 1970s and known especially for
her songs Both Sides Now, Amazing Grace, and Send in the
Clowns科林斯〔(1939-)，美国歌手，特别在20世纪60. 70年
代广受欢迎，尤以歌曲《现在的两面》、《奇妙的恩典》和《交出小
丑》闻名
Collins, Mi-chael /`maikl; 'maikal/ (1890-1922) an Irish poli
tician and military leader who was involved in the fight to make
Ireland independent of the UK. He helped to achieve the agree-
ment that established the southern part of Ireland as an inde-
pendent state, but he was killed by political opponents who
wanted independence for the whole of Ireland, 科林斯〔 (1890. 
1922), 爱尔兰政治家和军事首脑，曾参加斗争以使爱尔兰从英国
手中独立。他促成了一项使爱尔兰南部独立的协议，但遭希望整个
爱尔兰独立的政敌杀害〕
Collins. Wil-kie /wilki; 'wilki/ (1824-1889) a British writer
known especially for his books The Moonstone, regarded as
the first DETECTIVE NOVEL in English, and The Woman in White
科林斯〔(1824-1889)，英国作家，尤以被视为英国第一部侦探小
说的《月亮宝石》和另一部小说《白衣女人》出名〕
col·li·sion /ke`li3en; ke'li3an/ n [C; U(between, with)] (an
example of) the act of colliding (COLLIDE)碰撞；冲突，抵触：
Three people were killed in a head-on collision between a
bus and a car. 一辆公共汽车和一辆小汽车迎头相撞，造成了三
人死亡。|a collision of principles/interests 原则问题上[利害
关系]的冲突
collision course /'·/ n [(with)] a course (of movement o
action) likely to end in collision导致冲突的趋势；可能导致相
撞的航[路]线：The employers' organization is on a collision
course with the unions. 雇主的组织有和工会发生冲突的趋势。
col-lo. cate /kalo ket; 'kolekeit/ v[I(with)] tech (of words) to
go together or with another word in a way which sounds natural
【术语】〔词语以读起来自然的方式〕搭配，连用：‘Strong’collo-
cates with 'coffee' but 'powerful' does not. strong可与 cof-
fee 连用，而powerful 则不行。|The words'strong'and‘cof-
fee'collocate. strong 和coffee两词可以搭配使用
col·lo·ca·tion /kalo`kefen; , kole'keifan/n tech【术语】1 [U]
the way in which some words regularly collocate with others
〔词语之间的)搭配，连用2[C] a habitual combination of words
which sounds natural搭配在一起的词：'Strong coffee'is a typi-
cal collocation in English but'powerful coffee' is not. strong
coffee 在英语中是典型的搭配词， powerful coffee 则不是。— see
参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Collocations
col-loid /kaloid; 'koloid/ n tech a mixture of substances in which
one substance is thoroughly spread but not dissolved
(DISSOLVE) in another【术语】胶体，胶质 — compare 比较 so-
LUTION(2), SUSPENSION
0329
collo·qui·al/ko`lokwiel; ke'leukwiel/ adj(of words, phrases, 
style etc) of or suitable for ordinary, informal, or familiar
conversation; not formal or special to literature〔词、短语、文体
等〕口语（体）的；会话（体）的；通俗语的：'I'm going nuts' is a
colloquial expression. “I'm going nuts. (我要发疯了)”是俗语
表达法。 — ~ly adv
col. lo. qui·al·is. m /ke`lokwiel, izem; ke'leukwielizem/ n ar
expression used in, or suitable for, ordinary, informal, or fa-
miliar conversation口语体，会话体；俗语（用法）：'Nuts'mean
ing ‘mad' is a colloquialism. 表示 mad 之意的 nuts 是一种俗
语。
col-lo. quy/`kalekwi; 'kolekwi/ n [(with, between)] fml or old
use a formal conversation【正式或旧】（正式的）谈话；对话
col-lude/ke`lud; ke'lu:d/ v [I (with)] fml or law to act togethe
or with someone else in collusion【正式或律】勾结，共谋，串通
He is accused of colluding with the terrorists to supply them
with explosives. 他被控与恐怖分子勾结，为他们提供爆炸物，
col·lu·sion/ke`lu3en; ke'lu:3an/n [U (between, with)] espe-
cially fml or law secret agreement between two or more people
with the intention of cheating or deceiving others【尤正式或
律】勾结，共谋，串通：One of the employees acted in collusion
with the bank robbers. 有一个银行雇员与抢劫银行的罪犯内外
串通。- -sive /-`lusiv; -'lu:siv/ adj
col·ly·wob·bles /`kali, wablz; 'kpli, wpbalz/n [the+P] BrE
infml a slight stomachache usually caused by nervousness【英，
非正式】〔因精神紧张而引起的〕轻微肚子疼：The thought of my
driving test gives me the collywobbles. 我一想起驾驶考试就
肚子直翻腾
Col·man's/kolmenz; 'keulmenz/ trademark a company which
makes different types of MUSTARD; it is best known for its yel
low English mustard【商标】科尔曼公司〔芥末制造商，以黄色的
英国芥末最为出名〕
co·logne/ke`lon; ke'leun/ also又作 eau de cologne - n [U] a
sweet-smelling liquid used to make you feel fresh and smell
pleasant; light PERFUME 科隆香水，古龙香水
Cologne a city in N Germany on the River Rhine. It is a port
and an industrial centre. It was bombed during World War II
and there was a lot of damage. Its German name is Koln. 科隆
德国北部一城市，临莱茵河，为港口和工业中心。第二次世界大
战期间遭轰炸，毁坏严重，德语名为 Koln〕
Co. lom-bi. a/ke lvmbie; ke'lpmbie/ a country in northern South
America, with coasts on both the Pacific Ocean and the Carib
bean Sea. Population: 35, 101, 000 (1995). Capital: Bogota. In
the 1980s and 1990s the illegal drugs trade caused many prob-
lems for the government. 哥伦比亚〔南美洲西北部一国，临太平
洋和加勒比海。人口：35, 101, 000(1995)，首都：波哥大。20世
纪80、90年代，非法毒品交易给该国政府制造了很多麻烦〕-Co
lombian adj, n
Co. lom. bo/ke`lvmbo; ke'lvmbeu/ the capital city and main port
of Sri Lanka 科伦坡〔斯里兰卡首都和重要港口〕
co. lon'/kolen; 'keulen/ n med the LARGE INTESTINE (=the lower
part of the bowels) in which food changes into solid waste
matter and passes into the RECTUM【医】结肠
colon2n the sign (：) used in writing and printing to introduce an
explanation, example, QUOTATION etc冒号 — compare 比较
SEMICOLON
colo. nel/`k3n]; 'k3:nl/ n an army or airforce rank〔陆军或空军
的)上校— see 参见TABLE3
Colonel Blimp /，. / Blimp n BrE an old man who has very
old-fashioned and CONSERVATIVE ideas, thinks he is always
right, and has a high opinion of his own importance【英】〔源自
漫画中的一个老派保守人物布林普上校〕老顽固，老保守
Colonel Bo-gey/. ·/ a well-known military MARCH (=a piece
of music with a very regular beat, written for soldiers to march
to)《波吉上校》〔一首著名的军队进行曲〕
Colonel San-ders /k3n] `saendaz; , k3:nl 'sa:ndez/ the man
who developed the RECIPE for making KENTUCKY FRIED
Chicken Which is sold in fast Food restaurants. He is shown
in advertisements as a friendly old man from the South of the
US, where fried chicken is a typical dish. His name is some-
times used to mean the product or the restaurant, 桑德斯上校
〔开发出快餐店出售的“肯德基”炸鸡配方的男子。广告中的他是
一位来自美国南部的慈祥老人，在那里，炸鸡是一道典型菜肴。他
的名字有时用来表示该产品或餐厅)：They were heading for the
nearest Colonel Sanders. 他们正在前往最近的“肯德基”餐厅。
co·lo·ni·al'/ke`loniel; ke'leuniel/ adj1 [no comp. 无比较级] of
or having colonies (COLONY)殖民地的；拥有殖民地的：Britain
was once a major colonial power. 英国曾经是一个殖民大国。
The people of Africa have successfully fought against colo
nial rule. 非洲人民成功地进行了反对殖民统治的斗争。2 Ino
comp. 无比较级] (often cap. 常用大写) connected with or made
in America when it was a British COLONY〔美国独立前〕英属殖
民地时代（制造）的：colonial furniture 英属殖民地时期制造的
家具| a beautiful old colonial house near Boston 波士顿附近
栋英国殖民地时期修建的典雅的旧房子 3 describing a style
of 18th and early 19th century building in the US that was
influenced by Georgian and old Greek and Roman buildings
〔美国18世纪和19世纪早期，受乔治王朝和古希腊、古罗马建筑
风格影响的〕殖民地时期建筑风格的 4 infml derog typical of a
COLONIAL2【非正式，贬】殖民主义的，殖民化的：a colonial men
tality 殖民主义心态
colonial2n a person who is living or has lived in a COLONY but
is not a member of the original population. The STEREOTYPE
of a colonial is of an UPPER-CLASS older person (if a man, with
a MOUSTACHE), who has strong RIGHT-WING opinions. (殖民国
在)殖民地的（非土著）居民〔其典型形象是一位上流社会持极右翼
观点的老人，如果是男性，还留有小胡子
co. lo. ni. al. is. m /ke`loniel, izem; ke'leunielizem/ n [U] now
often derog the principle or practice of having colonies （ COLONY)
abroad【现常贬】殖民主义，殖民政策：British colonialism led to
the establishment of a large empire. 英国的殖民政策使该国成
为一个大帝国。- — compare 比较 IMPERIALISM, NEOCOLONIA:-
ISM
co. lo. ni. al. ist/ke`lonielist; ke'leunielst/ n, adj (a supporter)
of colonialism 殖民主义者；殖民主义的：a nation with colonialist
ambitions 有殖民主义野心的国家
col. o. nist/kalenist; 'kolenst/ n a person who settled in a new
colony soon after it was established 殖民地开拓者；〔殖民地建
立不久即往定居的)移民：the American colonists of the 17th
century 17世纪美洲殖民地的开拓者
col·o·nize also 又作 -nise BrE【英】/`kale naiz; 'kolenaiz/ν[T]
to establish a colony in (a country, area etc)开拓〔某地)成殖民
地：The British first colonized Australia in the 18th century. 
英国首先在18世纪把澳大利亚开拓为殖民地。- -nizer n-
nization /kalenai`zefen; kplenai'zeifan/ n [U]: the coloni-
zation of Africa 非洲的殖民化
col-on·nade/ kale`ned; kole'neid/ n a row of COLUMNS (=upright
stone posts)usually supporting a roof or row of arches柱廊
-naded adj
col-o. ny/`kaleni; 'kpleni/ n 1 a country or area under the po-
litical control of a distant country 殖民地：a former French
colony in Africa 法国过去在非洲的殖民地 — see also 另见
CROWN COLONY, DOMINION (2)， PROTECTORATE 2 a (the area
settled by) a group of people who leave their own country to
live in another place and usually remain citizens of their own
country 侨民区，侨民地；侨民，侨民团 b AmE one of the 13
settlements in the US which formed the original United States
【美】〔任何一个〕构成美国基本的13个州：Connecticut was one
of the 13 original colonies. 康涅狄格州是美国最初的13个州
之一。3[+sing. /pl. v] a group of people from the same country
or with the same interests, profession etc, living together聚居
的同国籍侨民；聚居的同类人：the French colony in Saigon 西
贡（胡志明市）的法国侨民| an artists' colony 聚居在一起的艺
术家|a nudist colony 聚居在一起的裸体主义者 4[+sing. /pl. 
v] a group of the same kind of animals or plants living or grow-
ing together〔生长在一起的同类动物或植物〕群，群体：聚落，群
落：a colony of ants/bacteria 一个蚂蚁群；一个细菌菌落
col·or/`kvle; 'kvle/ AmE for【美】= COLOUR
Col. o. ra. do/, kale`raedo; kole'ra:deu/ written abbrev. 缩写
为 CO - a state in the western US. mostly in and around the
Rocky Mountains. Its capital city is Denver, and other cities
include Aspen, which is a well-known centre for skiing （ SKI)
and Boulder. Colorado is a popular place for both winter and
summer holidays. 科罗拉多州〔美国西部一州，大部分地区都处
于落基山脉地带，首府丹佛，其他城市有著名的滑雪中心阿斯彭和
博尔德。该州是冬夏皆宜的度假胜地) — see colour map on pages
A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
colorado bee·tle/·· '·/ also 又作 potato beetle - n small
black and yellow insect that attacks potato plants 科罗拉多（马
铃薯)甲虫
Colorado Riv. er/, . ·. '·/ a long river in the western US which
flows through the Grand Canyon, several US states, and into
Mexico 科罗拉多河〔美国西部的一条大河，流经大峡谷以及美国
好几个州，然后进入墨西哥
col. o. ra. tion/, kvle`refen; , kvle'reifan/ n [U] arrangement of
colours; colouring 着[配]色（法）；调色（法）
col·o·ra·tu·ra/, kvlere`tjure; , kplere'tuare/ n 1 [U] fast diffi-
cult musical passages in singing 〔声乐中的〕花腔，华彩 2 [C] a
woman, especially a SOPRANO, who sings such music 花腔女
歌手：[尤指]花腔女高音
0330
color line /'·. / n AmE for【美】=COLOUR BAR
co. los. sal /ke`lasl; ke'losal/ adj extremely large 巨大的，庞大
的：It requires government spending on a colossal scale. 这要
求政府付出巨额开支。| a colossal building 庞大建筑物 — ~ly
adv
Col·os·se·um, the /kale`siem; kole'si:em/ also 又作 the Coli-
seum an AMPHITHEATRE (=large circular theatre without a roof)
in Rome which was built during the first century AD and is
now one of the most famous ancient Roman buildings. It is
thought of especially as a place where fights involving GLADIA-
TORS and wild animals were organized as a form of entertainment. 
古罗马圆形竞技场〔建于公元1世纪，现为最著名的古罗马建筑之
一。在人们印象中，它尤其是作为角斗士打斗或人兽搏斗以供人娱
乐的地方) — see colour picture on page A19 参见A19页彩图
co. los. sus /ke`lases; ke'loses/ n -suses or -si /-sai; -sai/ a per-
son or thing of great size or importance巨人；巨物；重大的事情
[人物]：an intellectual colossus like Leonardo 一位有如莱昂
纳多的知识界泰斗 | The book makes clear that even when he
was being wrong, Freud bestrode all his contemporaries like
a colossus. 那本书阐明，即使在错的时候，弗洛伊德也像巨人般
高踞于所有同时代人之上。
Colossus of Rhodes, the /，. . / an extremely large ancient
STATUE of the god Apollo on the Greek island of Rhodes. It is
believed to have stood at the entrance to the HARBOUR, with
one leg on each side, and ships sailed under it to enter the
harbour. It was one of the SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD, 
and was destroyed by an EARTHQUAKE in 224 BC. 罗得岛巨人
像〔指希腊罗得岛上的一座巨大的阿波罗神雕像。据信曾脚跨海港
入口，船只从它底下驶入港口，是世界七大奇迹之一，毁于公元前
224年的一次地震〕
quality in objects which allows the eyes to see the difference
between (e. g. )a red flower and a blue flower when both are
the same size and shape 色彩；彩色：The book has illustrations
in colour. 这本书有彩色插图。| These insects can change
colour. 这些昆虫可以变色。| a colour television 一台彩色电
视机2 [C] red, blue, green, black, brown, yellow, white etc颜
色：“What colour is the paint you bought?” “It's red. ” “你买
的油漆是什么颜色的？” “是红色的。”|“What colour did you
paint the door?” “I painted it red. ” “你把门漆成什么颜色？”
“我把它漆成红色的。”3[S; U] the general appearance of a
person's skin, especially as this shows the state of their health
脸色，气色；血色：He lost colour(=became pale) during his
illness. 他生病期间脸色变得很苍白。| The fever gave her a
high colour. (=a lot of colour)发烧使她脸都变红了。|The
cold wind brought colour to her cheeks. (=made them red)寒
风吹得她双颊通红。4 [C] the colour of a person's skin show-
ing which race they belong to〔不同人种的)肤色：people of all
colours(=black, brown, white etc)各色人种 — see also另见
COLOURED 5 [U] details or behaviour of a place, thing, or
person, that interest the mind or eye and excite the imagination; 
character 特色；个性；情调，独特风格：She loved the life, noise, 
and colour of the market. 她喜欢市场的热闹、喧哗与多彩多
姿。| The lecturer told a few jokes and anecdotesto add
colour to his talk. 演讲者穿插着说了几个笑话和几则轶闻，为
其讲话增色。 — see also 另见 LOCAL COLOUR 6give/lend colour
to to make (something, especially something unusual) appear
likely or true 使〔尤指不寻常的事)显得可信 [真实]：Her wet hair
lent colour to her claim that she had fallen into the lake. 她声
称自己掉进湖里了，她湿漉漉的头发使这种说法显得可信。7off
colour infml not in good health【非正式】身体不好，气色不佳：
You look a little off colour today. 你今天看上去气色不大好。
8see the colour of someone's money infml to have clear proof
that someone has enough money to pay【非正式】确信某人有支
付能力：I don't trust him to pay us -I want to see the colour
of his money first. 我不相信他会付给我们钱，我必须首先弄清
楚他确有支付能力。9people of colour/color people whose skin
is brown, black etc 有色人种：a conference of writers of colour
有色人种作家研讨会 — see also 另见 COLOURS, OFF COLOUR, 
PRIMARY COLOUR
to have colour, especially with a CRAYON or pencil rather than
a brush 给··着色 [染色]：The little boy coloured the picture. 
小男孩给图画涂上颜色。| [+obj+adj] She colours her hair red. 
她把头发染成红色。2 [I] to take on colour or change colour产
生颜色；变色：The leaves have already started to colour; it
will soon be winter. 叶子已开始变色，冬天就要到来了。| He
coloured with embarrassment. 他窘迫得脸都红了。3 [T] to
give a special effect or feeling to (a person, event etc); influ-
ence in a personal way 使带上色彩；渲染，粉饰；歪曲：Personal
colour in 着色
feelings coloured his judgment. 他的判断带有个人感情的色
彩。| a highly-coloured account of his difficulties 对他的困
难大加渲染的描述
colour sthg. in phr v [T] to put colour into (an area or
shape)给·涂色，给·着色：The child coloured in the houses, 
but left the sky white. 孩子把画里的房子涂上了颜色，但却没有
给天空着色。
colour bar /'· / also 又作 color line AmE【美】- n the set of
laws or social customs in some places which prevents people
of different colours from mixing freely〔法律上或社会习俗上)
对有色人种设置的歧视性措施
colour-blind /'. / adj unable to see the difference between
(certain)colours 色盲的：He's red/green colour-blind. 他是红
[绿]色盲。- colour blindness /'·，·/ n [U]
colour code /'. / v [T] to mark (several similar items) with
different colours so as to make it easy to see the difference
between them〔为便于区分〕给··标上色标[色码]：The tickets
were colour-coded according to price. 根据票价给入场券标
上色码。
col·oured'BrE【英】‖colored AmE【美】/`kvlad; 'kvled/ adj
1 having colour, especially as opposed to white, or black and
white 有颜色的；彩色的〔尤指与黑白相对而言)：coloured sheets
彩色床单|coloured photographs 彩色照片 2 (in comb. 用于
复合词)having the stated colour 带··颜色的：She wore a cream-
coloured/multi-coloured dress. 她身穿乳白色[色彩斑斓]的服
装。| brightly coloured tropical birds颜色鲜艳的热带鸟 3 (now
usually considered offensive to black people) belonging to a
dark-skinned race; black有色人种的；黑肤色的〔现在一般认为
用此词称呼黑人是对他们的侮辱〕— see 参见BLACK(USAGE)
coloured2 BrE【英】‖colored AmE【美】- n derog【贬】1 [usually
pl. 一般用复数](now usually considered offensive to black
people)a person belonging to dark-skinned race有色人种；黑
人〔现在一般认为用此词称呼黑人是对他们的侮辱)2(often cap. 
常用大写)aCAPE COLOURED〔南非的〕白人与有色人种所生的混
血儿
col·our·fast BrE【英】‖colorfast AmE【美】/`kvlafaest; 'kvlefa:st/
adj having colour which will not change or come out in water
不褪色的；不掉色的：Don't put that shirt in with the rest of the
washing - it's not colourfast. 别把这衬衣跟别的衣服放在一
起洗，它会掉色的。 — ~ness n[U]
col·our·ful BrE【英】‖colorful AmE【美】/`kvlafel; 'kvlefel/ adj
1 brightly coloured; full of colour 颜色鲜艳的，艳丽的；富于色
彩的：a bird with colourful wings 翅膀色彩艳丽的鸟儿 2 ex-
citing the senses or imagination; rich in expressive variety or
detail 生动的；丰富多彩的：a colourful period of history 历史
上一段丰富多彩的时期|a colourful character 生动活泼的性
格| his colourful career as an international journalist 他有
声有色的国际记者生涯
col·our·ing BrE【英】‖coloring AmE【美】/`kalerin; 'kalerin/n
1 [C; U] a substance used for giving a special colour to an-
other substance, especially food; DYE颜料，染料；〔尤指加入食
品的)色素：These tinned beans contain noartificial colouring. 
这些罐头豆子不含人造色素。2[U](healthy or ill appearance
as shown by) skin colour; COMPLEXION〔表明健康好坏的〕脸色，
肤色：People always think I'm ill because of my colouring. 人
们看我的脸色总认为我病了。
col·our·ize also 又作-ise BrE【英】‖colorize AmE【美】/kvleraiz; 
'kvleraiz/ v [I; T] to add colour to (an old film that was made
in black and white)着彩色（于黑白影片）：talk of colorizing
Casablanca 讨论给《卡萨布兰卡》着上彩色
col·our·less BrE【英】‖colorless AmE【美】/`kvllis; 'kvleles/
adj 1 without colour 无色的：Water is a colourless liquid. 水
是一种无色的液体。2 dull; lacking variety, interest, strong per-
0331
sonal character etc 无趣的；不生动的；无特色的；不精彩的；a
rather colourless person/town 没有什么特色的人[城镇]| a
colourless existence 平淡乏味的生活 3 having less than usua
colour; pale 苍白的，没有血色的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
col·oursBrE【英】‖ colors AmE【美】/`kvl·z; 'kvlez/ n [P] 1 a
special sign, cap, BADGE etc, worn as a sign of your club, school, 
team etc〔作为学校、俱乐部、运动队标志的〕帽子；徽章；绶带；彩
色装饰：(BrE 英)He won his colours (=was chosen for the
team) for football this year. 他今年被选入足球队了。2 the of-
ficial flag of a country, ship, part of the army etc 国旗；军旗；舰
旗；队旗等旗帜：the regimental colours 团队的旗帜 3 your true
coloursone's real (especially unpleasant) character, especially
when seen for the first time 真面目，本性〔尤指初次暴露出来的
不好的方面) ：I liked him at first, but now he's shown his true
colours. /I've seen him in his true colours. 我起初很喜欢他
可他现在已露出了真面目[可我现在看到了他的真面目]。-see
also 另见 FLYING COLOURS, sail under false colours (SAIL2)
colour scheme/'. / n the arrangement of colours in a room. 
painting etc 色彩的设计；色调的安排[搭配]：an original/in
teresting colour scheme 别出心裁[有趣]的色调搭配
colour sup. ple. ment/\"·, ·/ also 又作 colour supp /^kvle, sap
'kvla, sap/ infml【非正式】--n BrE a magazine printed in colour
and given free with a newspaper, especially a Sunday
newspaper【英】随报赠送的彩色〔尤指星期日〕增刊
colt/kolt; keult/ n a young male horse （雄）马驹，小公马 - com
pare 比较 FILLY
Colttrademark a type of small gun【商标】科尔特式手枪
colt·ish/`koltif; 'keultif/ adj often derog playful and lively
especially in an awkward uncontrolled way【常贬】活蹦乱跳的，
顽皮的；难以驾驭的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n[U]
Col. trane/kal`tren; kol'trein/, John(1926-1967) a US JAZZ
musician who played the SAXOPHONE and had a great influ
ence on the development of modern jazz 科尔特兰〔(1926
1967), 美国爵士音乐家和萨克斯管演奏家，曾对现代爵士乐的发
展产生重大影响
Coltrane. Rob-bie/`rabi; 'robi/ (1950-) a British film and
television actor who originally worked as a COMEDIAN but is
known especially for playing a character called Fitz in the tele-
vision programme Cracker. Fitz is a police PSYCHOLOGIST who
uses his training to solve crimes and find criminals. 科尔特兰
〔(1950-)，英国影视演员。他最初是喜剧演员，但尤以演出电视
剧《罪犯克星》中菲茨一角闻名。菲茨是一位警方的心理学专家，
他运用所受过的训练来侦破案件并找出凶犯)
Co. lum. bi. a'/kelvmbre; ke'lvmbie/ a private university in New
York City, which is one of the IVY LEAGUE colleges. It is espe-
cially famous for its school of JOURNALISM. 哥伦比亚大学〔纽
约市的一所私立大学，为常春藤名牌学院之一，尤以其新闻学院闻
名〕
Columbia2— see 参见 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Columbia Pictures/·· '·/. Columbia trademark a US film
company which produces films for cinema and television【商
标】哥伦比亚电影公司
Columbia U. ni. ver. si. ty/. . . . / a well-respected private
university in New York City, known especially for its school
of JOURNALISM 哥伦比亚大学〔纽约市的一所受人尊崇的私立大
学，尤以其新闻学院闻名
col. um·bine/`kalem, bain; 'kolembain/ n a plant with bright
downward-hanging flowers 耧斗菜属植物
Columbinea character in old European plays, who is the woman
HARLEQUIN loves 科伦比纳〔过去欧洲戏剧中的人物，为哈乐根所
爱的女子〕
Co. lum. bo/ke`lambo; ke'lvmbeu/ a US television programme
about a character called Lieutenant Columbo, who is a DETEC
TIVE in the Los Angeles Police Department. He is known for
wearing a dirty old RAINCOAT. 《科伦波》〔美国电视剧，讲述洛
杉矶警察局侦探科伦波中尉的故事。他以穿一件肮脏的旧雨衣著
称〕
Co. lum·bus/ke`lvmbes; ke'lvmbes/, Chris. to. pher/kristefa
kristefe/(1451-1506) an Italian sailor and EXPLORER who is
traditionally thought of as the first European to discover
America, in 1492. He arrived in America by accident when he
was trying to find a new way to Asia by sailing west from
Spain, having received money for this journey from the Span. 
ish king and queen, FERDINAND AND ISABELLA. Many US and
British people know the RHYME In fourteen hundred and ninety
two, /Columbus sailed the ocean blue. Most people now think
that the first discovery of America by Europeans was about
500 years earlier, by the Norwegian Leif ERICSSON. 哥伦布
〔(1451-1506)，意大利航海家和探险家，一直被认为是首位于
1492年发现美洲大陆的欧洲人。他从西班牙国王斐迪南和王后伊
莎贝拉那里取得经费，试图找到一条由西班牙向西至亚洲的新航
道，碰巧到达了美洲。许多美国和英国的人民知道这句顺口溜：“—
千四百九十二年，哥伦布扬帆渡重洋”。现在大多数人认为，欧洲
人，挪威的莱弗·埃里克松首次发现美洲大陆比哥伦布要早500年)
Columbus Day/'·/ an American public holiday held on
October 12th to honour Christopher Columbus哥伦布纪念日
(10月12日，为美国的公众假日〕-see Feature on page B12
参见B12页文化特写
col·umn/`kalem; 'kolem/ n 1 a tall solid upright stone post
used in a building as a support or decoration or standing alone
as a MONUMENT 柱，圆柱：a graceful Ionic column 典雅的爱奥
尼亚式圆柱 2[(of)] anything similar to a column in shape
appearance, or use 圆柱形[状]物：a column of smoke 烟柱
to add up a column of figures 把一列数字加起来 3 [+sing. /pl
v] a a large number of rows of people, vehicles etc following
one behind the other 一队，一列[人、车等]；纵行[列]：a column
of soldiers 一队士兵 b a long line of ships one behind the other
队船 4 one of two or more divisions of a page, lying side by
side and separated from each other by a narrow space, in which
lines of print are arranged （报刊上的）栏：There are two col-
umns on each page of this dictionary. 这本词典每一页有两
栏。 — see also 另见 PERSONAL COLUMN 5 an article by a par-
ticular writer or on a particular subject, that regularly appears
in a newspaper or magazine （报刊上的）专栏 （文章）：his weekly
column in the ‘New York Times’他每周在《纽约时报》上发表
的专栏 | the gossip column 花边专栏 — see also 另见 FIFTH
COLUMN
col-umn-ist/kalemist; 'kolemst/n a person who writes a news
paper or magazine COLUMN(5)专栏作家
co. ma /`kome; 'keume/ n a state of long unnatural deep
unconsciousness, from which it is difficult to wake up, caused
by disease, poison, a severe blow to the head etc 昏迷（状态）：
She went into a coma after swallowing a whole bottle of sleep-
ing pills. 她吃了一整瓶安眠药后就昏迷过去了。 — see also 另
见COMATOSE
Co·man. che/ke`maentfr; ke'maentfi/ n 1 the Comanche[P] a
Native American tribe that lived in a large area of the south-
western US. They were known especially for their skill at
riding horses and at fighting. 科曼切人〔生活在美国西南部广大
地域的美洲土著，尤以善骑和善战著称〕2 [C] a member of this
tribe 科曼切人 — see Cultural Note at 参见 NATIVE AMERICAN
文化注释 - Comanche adj: Comanche warriors 科曼切族的
武士
co·ma·tose/`kame, tos; 'keumeteus/ adj 1 tech in a coma:
deeply unconscious【术语】昏迷的，不省人事的 2 infml inactive
and sleepy; TORPID【非正式】昏昏沉沉的，昏昏欲睡的：feeling a
bit comatose after dinner 晚饭后觉得有点昏昏欲睡的
comb1/kom; keum/ n 1 [C] a an object used for tidying, 
arranging, or straightening the hair, usually consisting of a piece
of plastic, metal, bone etc with a row of thin teeth 梳子；篦子
b an object like this in shape that is worn in a woman's hair as
a decoration〔女子头发上的〕梳状饰物 2 [C] an object like a
comb used for straightening and cleaning wool, cotton etc〔梳
理羊毛、棉花等的〕梳子，梳齿 3 [S] an act of combing 梳理，梳：
Your hair needs a good comb. 你的头发需要好好梳理一下。
4 [C] the red growth of flesh on top of the head of a COCK(=a
fully-grown male chicken)(公鸡的)鸡冠，肉冠 5 [C] a HON-
EYCOMB 蜂巢：蜂窝状物 — see also 另见 FINE-TOOTH COMB
*comb2v [T] 1 to tidy, arrange, or straighten (especially the
hair) with a comb 梳〔发)，梳理：Comb your hair before you
go out. 你出去前把头发梳一下。2 [(for)] to search (a place)
thoroughly 搜寻，彻底搜查：The police combed the woods for
the missing boy. 警察在森林里仔细搜寻失踪的男孩。
comb out sbdy. /sthg. phr v[T(from)] infml【非正式】1 to
find and get rid of (unnecessary people or things)除去〔杂物
等)：裁减〔冗员等)：to reduce costs by combing out unneces-
sary staff 裁减冗员以节省开支 2 to remove (twists or KNOTS)
from (hair) by combing 梳去（缠成结的毛发） ：She combed out
the knots in the cat's long fur. 她把猫身上长毛缠成的结梳理
开。- comb-out /'· ·/ n [S] infml【非正式】：a comb-out of
clerical staff 对文员的裁减
comb3written abbrev. for 缩写= 1 combination 2 combined
结合的；合并的；联合的
com-bat1/`kumbaet; 'kombaet/ n [C; U (with, between, against)]
(a)struggle between opposing people or armies战斗；格斗；斗
争：These troops have very little experience of actual combat
这些部队几乎没有实际战斗经验。| killed in combat 阵亡| The
knight challenged his enemy to single combat (=a fight be-
tween only two people)武士挑战他的敌人，要求进行一对一的
快斗。| The two men were locked in mortal combat (=fight-
0332
ing until the death of one of them)那两个人在进行生死决斗。
(fig. 喻) the combat between good and evil 善恶之争 | a com
bat plane 战斗机
com·bat2/`kambaet; 'kombaet/ v-tt- BrE【英】‖-t- or -tt- AmE
【美】- [T] fml to fight or struggle against; try to defeat【正式】
与··战斗[格斗]；与··斗争：The police are now using comput-
ers to help combat crime. 警方现在使用电脑同犯罪活动进行
斗争。I new government strategies to combat drug abuse 政
府和滥用毒品作斗争的新战略
com-ba·tant/kambetent; 'kombetent/ n a person taking a di-
rect part in fighting 战斗人员；格斗者；斗士；战士：In the last
war as many noncombatants as combatants were killed. 在上
次战争中，非战斗人员与战斗人员死得一样多。 — see also另见
NONCOMBATANT
combat fa·tigue /'· ··/ n [U] tech【术语】= BATTLE FATIGUE
com·ba. tive/kem`baetiy; 'kombetiy/ adj sometimes derog ready
and eager to fight or argue【有时贬】好斗的；斗志高昂的； a com. 
bative spokesman for right-wing policies 一位鼓吹右翼政策
的好斗的代言人 — ~ly adv
comb. er/kome; 'keumer/n 1 a person or machine that combs
wool, cotton. etc〔羊毛、棉花等的〕梳理者；梳毛机，精梳机2a
long curling wave 卷浪
com·bi·na·tion/kambe`nefen; komb'neifan/ n 1 [U] the act
of combining or state of being combined 联合；合作；结合；组
合：搭配：The two writers worked well in combination. 两位作
家合作得很好。2 [C (of)] a result of combining; a number of
separate things or people that are combined to form a single
unit or whole 联合体；组合物；合并体：An alloy is a combina
tion of two or more different metals. 合金是两种以上不同金属
结合而成的。| A combination of high interest rates and fall-
ing demand forced the company to close. 高利率加上低需求
迫使这家公司倒闭了。| Her expression was a combination of
guilt and dismay. 她的表情显露出她心里既内疚又沮丧。| Work-
ing as a team, the singer and the songwriter proved to be a
winning combination. 这位歌手与这位作曲家合作，证明是获奖
的成功搭档。3 [C] the numbers or letters needed to open a
COMBINATION LOCK〔开启密码锁用的〕号码组合，字码组合：You
can't open the safe unless you know the combination. 不知道
号码组合是打不开这保险柜的。4 [C] any of the sets of a stated
number of things that can be chosen from a group where their
order does not matter 排列；组合：The three possible combina
tions of two letters chosen from ABC are AB. BC, and AC. 从
ABC中抽取两个字母可组成AB, BC和AC三种组合。-com
pare 比较 PERMUTATION; see also 另见 COMBINATIONS
combination lock /. '. . / n a lock which can only be openec
when its control is turned in accordance with a special list of
numbers or letters 号码[密码]锁
com·bi·na. tions/, kambe`nefenz; komb'neifanz/ also又作
coms /kamz; komz/ BrE infml【英，非正式】‖ union suit AmE
【美】- n[P] a one-piece usually woollen undergarment that
covers the whole body, worn especially formerly 〔尤指旧时的)
连裤内衣 — see 参见PAIR(USAGE)
*com. bine1/kem`bain; kem'bain/ v 1 [I; T (with)] to joir
together, to form a single unit or whole; unite(使)联合；（使）结
合；（使）组合；（使）合并：The two countries combined against
their common enemy. 这两个国家联合起来对抗共同的敌人。
The three parties combined to form a coalition government
三党结盟组成联合政府。| Let's combine my scientific knowl
edge and your business skills and start a company. 我们来办
家公司吧，把我的科学知识和你的商业专长结合起来。|The com·
bined effect of low profits and high inflation proved fatal to
the company. 低利润加上高通货膨胀造成的后果对公司的打击
是致命的。| Low profits, combined with high inflation, proved
fatal. 低利润加上高通货膨胀证明是致命的。2 [T(with)] to have
or do at the same time 兼具 [备]；兼办：They combined their
holiday with a visit to their relatives, 他们既度假又走访亲戚。
to combine business with pleasure 既工作又娱乐 — see 参见
MIX(USAGE)
com. bine2/kambain; 'kombain/ n 1 [+sing. /pl. v] a group of
people, businesses etc joined or acting together〔为某种目的而
联合的)集团；联合企业；联合组织：A large industrial combine
islare reopening the factory. 这家工厂正由一个大的工业联合
集团重新开办。2 also 又作 combine harvester /，· ·/ - a
machine that REAPS (=cuts), THRESHeS (=separates the seed
from the stem), and cleans grain 联合收割机
combining form/·'··/ n tech a form of a word that cannot
stand alone, but is used with other words to build new ones【术
语】构词成分：复合词〔不能单独使用，要与其他词连结构成新词的
要素)：The combining form ‘Afro-', meaning 'African', com-
bines with 'American'to make 'Afro-American'. 构词成分
“Afro-”意思是“African”, 它与“American”一起构成“Afro-
American\"
com-bo/kambo; 'kombeu/ n-bos [C+sing. /pl. v] infml a small
band that plays JAZZ or dance music【非正式】小型（爵士）乐队
com. bus. ti. ble'/kem`bastebl; kem'bastbal/ adj 1 that can
catch fire and burn easily 易燃的，可燃的：Petrol is highly
combustible. 汽油非常易燃。- — opposite 反义词 incombustible
2 (of a person) easily excited or annoyed〔人)易激动的；好发
火的
combustible2n a combustible substance 易[可]燃物
com. bus. tion /kem`bastfen; kem'bvstfan/ n [U] 1 the process
of catching fire and burning 着火燃烧 2 tech the chemical
activity, usually in the presence of oxygen, that produces
light and heat【术语】〔发出高温和光的〕燃烧 — see also 另见
INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE
come'/kam; kvm/ v came /kem; keim/, come TO MOVE OR
TRAVEL 移动；行走 1 [I+adv/prep] to move towards the speaker
or a particular place 来；过来；去；上；赴； Come here and look
at this. 到这儿来，看看这个。| “How did you get here?” “We
came by train. ” “你们是怎样到这儿来的？” “我们是坐火车来
的。”|He came towards me/through the door. 他朝我走来：
他从门口走进来。| The police came to his rescue. 警察来救他
了。| Could you come and see me tomorrow?你明天来看我
好吗？| What time are you coming back?你什么时候回来？|
My parents are coming for dinner/coming to have dinner with
us. 我父母来吃晚饭[来同我们一起吃饭]。| Would you like to
come to the concert with me?你愿意跟我去听音乐会吗？ | [+y-
ing] The little girl came running to her mother for sympathy
小女孩跑到母亲跟前以求得到同情。| A man comes to clean
the windows every Friday. 每星期五都有人来清洁玻璃窗。-
compare 比较 GO'2 [I+adv/prep] to reach a particular point or
place by travelling (over a distance)〔经过长距离而)到达；达
到：They've come hundreds of miles to be here tonight. 他们
为了今晚能在这里，长途跋涉了几百英里。|(fig. 喻) Computer
technology has come a long way since the 1970s. 自20世纪
70年代以来，电脑技术已有了很大的发展。□TO ARRIVE AT OR
BE IN A PLACE OR POSITION 到达，抵达，来到 3 [I] to arrive
especially as expected or in the usual course of events 来临，到
来，如期而至：I've been waiting for hours and she still hasn't
come!我已经等她好几个小时了，可她还没有到！|Christmas is
coming soon. 圣诞节很快就到了。| The time has come for us
to make a decision. 该是我们作出决定的时候了。| We come
now to the main business of the meeting. 现在到了会议的主要
议程。| The news came as a great shock to him. 消息传来，对
他是个沉重的打击。| The bill could hardly have come at a
worse time. (=this was a very bad time for it to come)账单在
这个时候来太不合时宜了。| I'm very busy, but come the new
year (=when the new year arrives) I'll have more free time. 我
现在很忙，不过新年过后，我就会有较多的空闲时间。|IfI don't
have the correct tools for the job, I use whatever comes to
hand(=is within reach)我如果没有适当的工具做这活，那就只
有抓到什么用什么了。| I never plan ahead; I just take life a
it comes 我从来不事先计划，对待生活是随遇而安。4 [I+adv/
prepl to reach 延及，伸展到：The water came (up) to my neck. 
水深及我的脖子。| Her hair comes (down) to her waist. 她的
头发长及腰部。5 [I+adv/prep] to be in a particular place or
position in order 出现于·；位于·：The address should come
above the date, 地址应该写在日期的上面。| Monday comes
after Sunday. 星期日过后是星期一。| Your family should al-
ways come before(=be more important than) your job. 你的家
庭应该永远比你的工作重要。| She came first in the exam. (=got
the highest marks)她在考试中名列榜首。□TO PASS INTO AN-
OTHER STATE 转入另一种状态 6 [I+adv/prep] to arrive at or
pass into a particular state or position 达到；成为；开始；进入
〔某种状况、境地)：The general came to power in a military
coup. 将军在一次军事政变中掌了权。| The government is com-
ing under increasing pressure to change its policies. 政府遭
受到愈来愈大的压力，要求其改变政策。| The new battleship
is expected to come into service in 1999. 新战舰可望在1999
年开始服役。| When will this case come to trial/to court?这
案件什么时候审理[提交法庭审理]？|The car skidded off the
road and came to rest in a field. 汽车滑出公路，在田里停了下
来。 — see also 另见 COME into, COME to 7 [L+adj] to become
成为，变为：变得：终于：The buttons on my coat came undone. 
我上衣的扣子松开了。| His dream of winning a gold medal
has come true. 他赢得金牌的梦想终于实现了。| Don't worry-
it'll all come (out) right in the end. 别着急，最终一切都会好
的。 — see also 另见 COME apart, COME away, COME off; see
参见 BECOME (USAGE) 8 [I+to-v] to begin as a result of time
or experience〔经过一段时间或经历)终于（开始·. ） ：In time you
0333
may come to like it here. 你最终会喜欢这个地方的。| This is
the kind of behaviour we have come to expect of him. 我们预
期他会有那种表现，现在果然应验了。□OTHER MEANINGS其
他意义 9 [(from)] to happen 发生：No good will come from all
this, 这一切决不会有好结果的！ | [+to-y] How did Jean come
to be invited to this party?琼怎么会被邀请来参加这个聚会
的？ |(lit 文)And so it came to pass (=happened) that they
were married. 结果他们就结婚。| Come what may(=whatever
happens), I'm determined to do it. 不管发生什么情况, 我已下
定决心要这样做。| (infml 非正式) How come (=how did it
happen that) he didn't find out?他怎么会没有发现呢？ 10 [I+adv/
prep; +adj] to be offered, produced, sold etc 被供应[生产、出
售等]：Shoes come in many shapes and sizes, 所供应的鞋子有
许多款式和不同的尺码。| The car comes complete with a ra-
dio and sunroof. 这车子一应俱全，设有收音机和滑动车顶。
Houses like that don't come cheap. 那样的房子售价不会低
11 [I] slang to have an ORGASM【俚】〔性交中〕达到高潮
FIXED PHRASES 固定短语 12 Come again? infml what did you
say?【非正式】你说什么？ 13 come and go to pass or disappear
quickly; change 来来去去；忽隐忽现；变化无常：Fashions come
and go but this type of dress is always popular. 服装样式变化
不定，可是这种连衣裙却总是流行的。| I've got so much to do
I don't know whether I'm coming or going . (=used to ex-
press hurried and disordered activity)我要做的事太多了，弄得
我手忙脚乱。14come clean infml to admit to guilt or mistake
【非正式】认罪；认错：Congressmen in the banking scandal
decidec to come clear before the electorate. 涉及银行业丑闻
的国会议员决定向全体选民认错。15come it(with/over)slang, 
especially BrE to behave with rude disrespect towards someone
【俚，尤英】对〔某人〕无礼 16 come to that infml (used when
you want to add something to a remark) actually; in fact【非正
式】〔用于补充说某事时〕实际上，事实上：I haven't seen her for
weeks . or her parents, come to that. 我已好几个星期没有见
到她了，实际上，也没有见到她的父母。12ome to think of it
infml (used when you want to add something you have just
thought of) when you begin to consider that【非正式】〔用于想
要说刚想起的话〕说起来：那么··：. . and he sent me a lovely
present. Come to think of it, I must write to thank him, ·. ·他还
送给我一件美丽的礼物。说起来，我应写信谢谢他呢。18come
up and see me sometime a phrase which is believed to have
been said by Mae West as an invitation to a man to come and
visit her, with the suggestion that she found him sexually
attractive. The phrase is often used humorously now. 有空来看
我〔据信为梅·韦斯特邀请男子来看望自己时说的话，暗示她觉得
对方性感迷人。现在常用来表示幽默)19don't come the. BrE
infml don't act the part of or pretend to be【英，非正式】不要
装·样；别冒充·样子：Don't come the grand lady with me! 别
跟我装出一副阔太太的样子！20 do you come here often?— see
参见 CHAT-UP LINE 21 I came, I saw, I conquered quote a
phrase from the writings of Julius Caesar describing how he
went to Britain and defeated it. The phrase is often used now, 
with the words slightly changed. 【引】我来了，我看到了，我征服
了〔尤利乌斯·凯撒在描述他如何来到并征服英国的著作中所写的
一句话。现在常被引用，句中的词语稍有改动)：He came, he
fought, he conquered . but Mickey Rourke had better not
tear up his Equity card, despite winning his first professional
boxing bout. 他来了，他打过了，他征服了··但是尽管打赢了第一
次职业拳击赛，米基·鲁尔克最好还是别撕掉他的演员协会证。-
see also 另见 VENI, VIDI, VICI 22 years/weeks/days etc to come
in the future 在未来，将来：The effects of the drought will be
felt for years to come. 旱灾所造成的后果在未来的数年中都会
有所影响。| She was to remember his warning in the days to
come. 她在以后的日子里都记着他的警告。23 don't come it
with me BrE spoken a rude expression used in order to tell
someone not to argue or fight with you【英，口】别来同我争辩
〔粗鲁的表达方式)：Don't come it with me, all right? I've had
a hard day and I just want to get home. 别与我争辩，好吗？我
忙了一天，正要回家呢。| I've been working on this project
for much longer than you have, so don't come it with me!我
做这个项目的时间要比你长得多，所以不要来同我争辩！— see
also 另见 COMING, come clean (CLEAN'), come in from the
cold (COLD2), come a cropper (CROPPER2), come unstuck
(UNSTUCK)□PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
come about phr v [I] 1 to happen, especially in a way that
seems impossible to prevent 〔尤指以难以防止的方式〕发生：How
did this dangerous situation come about? 这样危险的局面是
怎么出现的？| [it+I+that] Can you explain how it came about
that you were an hour late?你怎么会迟到一个钟头，对此你能
做出什么解释呢？ 2 (of a ship) to change direction 〔船〕转向，改
变方向
come across phr v 1 [T no pass. 无被动语态 (come across
sthg. /sbdy. )] to meet, find, or discover, especially by chance
〔尤指偶然〕遇见，碰上；发现：She came across some old let
ters in the course of her search. 她在找东西时偶然发现了一些
旧信件。 — compare 比较 RUN across 2 [I] to be effective and
well received 产生效果；受欢迎：Your speech came across very
well. 你的演说相当受欢迎
come across as sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to seem to be 像是，似
乎是；予人·的印象：She came across as a very sophisticated
woman. 她给人的印象是一个非常老练的女人。| [+v-ing] He
came across as being rather nervous. 他好像有些紧张，
come across with sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] infml
to provide (money or information) when needed【非正式】给予
〔钱财〕；提供〔资料〕
come along phr ν [I] 1 also 又作 come on - a to advance, 
develop, or improve, especially in health 进展，进步；〔尤指健
康)好转：How's your English coming along?你的英文学得怎
么样了？ b to improve in health 〔健康〕好转：Mother's coming
along nicely, thank you. 谢谢！我母亲的身体好多了。2 to ap-
pear or arrive by chance 偶然出现，产生：I got the job because
Icame along at the right time. 我得到了那份工作，因为我到的
正是时候。| Take any opportunity that comes along. 抓住每
个出现的机会。3 also 又作 come on - to follow 追随，跟着
You go now; I'll come along later. 你先走，我随后就来。4 Come
along! especially BrE【尤英】‖also 又作 Come on! a Make
an effort! Try harder! 卖力点，加把劲：Come along, someone
must know the answer to my question. 好好想想，一定有人知
道如何回答我的问题的。b Hurry up!快点，快来：Come along —
we're late!快点，我们迟到了！
come apart phr v [I] to break into pieces without the use of
force〔未使用外力便〕破裂；裂开；〔整件的东西)散了：I picked up
the old book and it just came apart in my hands. 我拿起这本
旧书，它就在我手中散了。|(fig. 喻)The government's whole
industrial strategy iscoming apart at the seams. 政府的整个
工业战略出现了破绽而全面崩溃。
come around phr v [I] especially AmE for【尤美】= COME
round
come at sbdy. /sthg, phr y [T no pass, 无被动语态] 1 also 又
作 come for sbdy. /sthg. - to advance towards in a threaten-
ing manner 冲向，扑向：She came at me with a knife. 她拿着刀
子向我扑过来。2 infml to reach a knowledge or understanding
of【非正式】获知，发现：It was a long time before we came at
the truth. 我们过了很久才发现事实真相
come away phr v [I (from)] to become disconnected with-
out being forced 〔未加外力而〕脱落，脱开；断裂：I only touched
the handle and it came away (from the door) in my hand. 我
只碰了一下把手，它就（从门上）掉了下来。
come back phr v [I] 1 [(to)] to return to memory 在记忆中重
现，记起：It's all coming back to me now!我现在逐渐想起来
了。2 [(IN)] to become fashionable or popular again 再度流行：
Do you think long dresses will ever come back (in)?你认为长
连衣裙会再次流行吗？3 [(at, with)] to reply in a forceful, of-
ten unkind way; RETORT 回嘴，反驳 — see also 另见 COME-
BACK
come between sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to
interrupt or cause trouble between 介于·之间；打搅；离间；使
分开：John lets nothing come between himself and his work. 
约翰从来不让任何事情打搅自己的工作。| We mustn't let this
silly guarrel come betweer us. 我们不应让这次荒唐的争吵影
响我们之间的关系。
come by sthg. phr v [T] to obtain or receive; come to have得
到，获得：Jobs are hard to come by with so many people out
of work. 失业的人那么多，工作是很难找的。| That's a nasty
bruise -- how did you come by it?那块瘀伤伤得不轻, 你是怎
么弄伤的？
come down phr v [I] 1 to fall to a lower level 下降，下落；掉
下；衰落：The price of oil has come down dramatically. 油价
戏剧性地下跌了。| Since Julia lost her job, she's reallycome
down in the world. (=fallen to a lower standard of living)朱
莉娅自从失业后，生活水准真是大大下降了。| John came down
in my opinion (=lost my respect) after his bad behaviour. 约
翰做出那样恶劣的行为后，他在我心目中的地位一落千丈。2[(to)]
to be passed on from one period of history to another〔从历史
上)流传下来； This story has come down to us from ancient
times. 这故事是从古代流传下来的。3 [(from)] slang to stop
feeling the effects of a drug that influences the mind【俚】〔麻
醉品的药性过去后〕苏醒过来4[(from)]BrE to leave a univer-
sity after a period of study【英】大学毕业；离校 5 come down
in favour of/on the side of to decide to support, especially
after long thought〔尤指经过考虑后〕决定支持·. ·，决定站在
0334
边：The court came down on the side of the unions. 法庭决定
支持工会一方。6 come down to earth (with a bump) to re-
turn to reality 回到现实中来；不再抱有幻想：He was daydreaming, 
but he came down to earth with a bump when the teacher
twisted his ear. 他在做白日梦，但老师一拧他的耳朵，他就回到
现实中来了。 — see also 另见COMEDOWN
come down on sbdy. /sthg. phr v[T no pass. 无被动语态]1
to punish or speak to with severe disapproval. 惩罚；申斥，责备：
The courts are going to come down more heavily on young
criminals. 法庭将对年轻的罪犯施以更严厉的惩罚。2[(for)]to
demand forcefully 索取，强要：The bank came down on us for
immediate payment. 银行强迫我们立即付款。
come down to sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to mean or
be equal to in fact; BOIL down to 归结为，结果是：What it comes
down to is a choice between cutting wages or reducing the
number of staff. 结果是只能在削减工资或裁员之间作一选择。
come down with sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] infml
to catch(an infectious illness)【非正式】患·病，染上. ·病：I think
I'm coming down with a cold. 我觉得我感冒了。
come forward phr v [I] to offer yourself to fill a position, 
give help to the police etc 主动站出来〔要求做某事)；自告奋
勇，挺身而出<如协助警方等> ：Only two people have come for-
ward for election to the committee. 只有两人主动要求参加委
员会的竞选。| No one has come forward with any informa-
tion about the murder. 没人站出来主动提供有关谋杀案的情况。
come from sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to have as a
place or point of origin 来自，出自；出生于：I come from Newcastle
but I've spent most of my life in London. 我是纽卡斯尔人，但
一生中大部分时间都是在伦敦度过的。| Milk comes from cows. 
牛奶是从奶牛身上挤出来的。| The passage she quoted comes
from Shakespeare. 她引的那段话出自莎士比亚（的作品）。|
Where's that noise coming from?那噪音是从哪里来的？
come in phr v [I] 1 to arrive or be received 到达，抵达；被收
到：Reporis are coming in of a major earthquake in Mexico. 
有关墨西哥大地震的报道正在不断传来。| There's very little
money coming in at present. 目前收进的钱很少。2 to become
necessary or important, especially in a plan〔尤指在一项计划
中)有需要；起重要作用：I also need someone to persuade my
parents that it's a good idea - that's where you come in. 我
还需要有个人说服我父母，让他们明白这是个好主意——你就在
这个时候起作用。3 to become fashionable流行起来：When did
the short skirt first come in?短裙是什么时候开始流行的？-
opposite 反义词 go out 4 (of the sea) to rise〔海)涨潮：The
tide's coming in so don't stay on the sand too long. 涨潮了，
别在沙滩上停留得太久。 — opposite 反义词 go out 5 [+adv] to
finish in the stated place in a race or competition〔比赛中)获得. 
名次：My horse came in third/last. 我的马得了第三名[最后一
名]。6 come in useful/handy to be useful 有用，合用：This
string may come in useful one day, so don't throw it away. 这
绳子有朝一日也许会有用，所以别扔掉。 — see also另见come
in from the cold (COLD2), when your ship comes in (SHIP1)
come in for sthg. phr v[T no pass. 无被动语态] to be given
(especially blame, disapproval etc); receive 招致，受到（尤指
批评、指责等)；得到：The police came in for a lot of criticism
over their handling of the strike. 警方在处理罢工的事情上受
到很多指责。
come into sthg. phr v [T] 1 to receive (a sum of money) after
someone's death: INHERIT 继承〔遗产等)：He came into a for-
tune when his mother died. 他在母亲死后继承了一大笔遗产。
2 to begin to be in (a particular state)进入（某种状态）：to come
into fashion 流行起来 | to come into existence 出现 | The
town came into sight/view as we turned the corner. 我们一拐
过弯就看见那城镇了。- — see also 另见 COME1(9) 3 come into
your own to show your true worth or abilities显示出自己真正
的价值；发挥本领：On bad roads, this tough little car really
comes into its own. 这辆结实的小车在坑坑洼洼的路面上真是
显示出它的长处。
come of sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] 1 to result from
由·引起；是·的结果：I doubt if any good will come of these
peace initiatives. 我怀疑这些和平倡议是否会带来什么好的结
果。| [+v-ing] The car crashed into a tree — that's what
comes of buying cheap tyres!车子撞到了一棵树上 ——这就是
买廉价轮胎的后果。2 to be descended from 出身于·：She
comes oflfrom a farming family. 她出身于农民家庭。3 come
of ageto reach an age (usually 18 or 21) when you are consid-
ered by law to be responsible for yourself and for obedience to
the law 成年；达到法定年龄〔一般为18岁或21岁) — see also
另见COMING OF AGE
come offphr v 1 [I; T (=come off sthg. )] to become unfas-
tened or disconnected (from)脱落，掉落：A button came off as
I was climbing over the wall. 我爬墙时一颗扣子掉了。| The
hook came off the wal when I hung up my coat. 我挂外套时，
钩子从墙上掉了下来。| Does the lid come off or is it fixed? 这
盖子能拿下来，抑或是固定在上面的？2[I] to take place; hap-
pen 举行，进行；发生：The wedding came off as planned. 婚礼
按计划举行了。3 [I] to succeed; have the intended effect 成功；
达到预期效果；实现：It was a clever joke but it didn't quite
come off. 那笑话不错，可惜没有达到预期的效果。4[I+adv] to
finish in the stated way; have the stated degree of success结果
是··；成为·：She came off rather badly in the debate. 她在辩
论中输得很惨。5 Come off it! infml Stop lying or pretending!
【非正式】别胡说了；别撒谎了；别装蒜了：Now come off it—I
never said that!行了，别胡说了，我从来没那么说过。
come on phr v [I] 1 to start or appear 开始；来临；袭来：I can
feel a headache coming on. 我觉得要头痛了。| There is a storm
coming on. 暴风雨要来了。| What time does that programme
come on?那节目什么时候开始？|[+to-v](especially BrE 尤
英) It came on to rain. 开始下雨了。2 to COME along (1, 3)
3 Come on!: a Try harder! Make an effort!加把劲！加油！：
Come on, Liverpool!加油，利物浦队！b Hurry up!快点！赶
快！c Cheer up!振作起来！d you know what someone just said
is not right 得啦！算了吧！〔指责对方刚说的话不对时之用语〕：
\"It'll take at least two hours to do this!” “Oh, come on! I
could do it in 20 minutes!” “做这件事至少要花两小时！” “咳，
得啦！我只要20分钟就可以做完。”4come on strong to say
things that show clearly that you think someone is sexually
attractive, in a way that is unpleasant吹捧性感；〔十分招摇地〕
吸引人；献殷勤：I always come on too strong with men and
send the message that I'm desperate to get a husband. 我常常
极力吹捧男人的性感，并表示我渴望找一个丈夫。|Brock came
on so strong with a friend of mine that he scared her off. 布罗
克对我的朋友殷勤过了头，结果把她吓跑了。 — see also 另见
COME-ON
come out phr v [I] 1 to appear 出现，显露出来：The stars
came out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑，星星就出来了。|
When will her new book come out?(=be offered for sale)她
的新书什么时候出版？2 to become clear or publicly known, 
especially after being kept secret〔秘密等〕传出；被获知：At last
the truth has come out. 真相终于大白了。| It eventually came
out that he had been stealing money from his employers. 他
一直都在偷雇主的钱，这事终于暴露了。3(of colour, a mark etc)
to be removed, especially by washing; disappear〔污渍等)被洗
掉；〔颜色等〕褪去：I've washed this shirt twice and the ink still
hasn't come out. 这件衬衫我已经洗过两次了，但上面的墨水渍
还洗不掉。4[+adv/prep] to declare yourself publicly, espe-
cially to be in favour of or against a plan, belief etc公开表明
〔赞同或反对的)观点：The committee has come out strongly
against any change in the law. 委员会公开反对对法律作任何
修改。| Most of the speakers came out in favour oflin sup-
port of these proposals. 大多数发言者都公开表示赞同[支持]
这些建议。5[+adv/prep] to finish in the stated way or position
结果是：The answer to the sum came out wrong/right. 这道算
术题的答案结果是错[对]了。| In a series of safety tests, this
was the car that came out on top. 在一系列的安全考核中，结
果这辆车的成绩最好。6(of a photograph) to be successfully
developed(DEVELOP)〔照片〕冲洗；显像：Our holiday photos
didn't come out. 我们度假时拍的照片洗不出来。7 to declare
yourself openly (e. g. to your family and friends) to be a
HOMOSEXUAL〔向家人或朋友〕公开承认自己是同性恋者 8 BrE
to refuse to work; STRIKE【英】罢工：The teachers are coming
out in support of their pay claim. 教师正在举行罢工以支持他
们提出增加工资的要求。9 becoming rare (of a young lady of
the upper classes)to be formally introduced in upper-class
society, usually at a dance【渐罕】〔上流阶层的年轻女子〕初入
上流社交场合：Amanda is coming out next spring. 阿曼达将于
明年春天进入社交界。| debutantes at a coming-out party 为
初入社交界女性举办的晚会上的上流阶层少女
come out in sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to become
partly covered by (marks caused by an illness or disease)〔由
于疾病〕出现〔斑点)：Jean has come out in spots, so she's stay-
ing in bed. 琼身上出了许多斑点，因此她在卧床休息。 — see also
另见OUTCOME
come out with sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] infml to
say, especially suddenly or unexpectedly【非正式】〔尤指突然〕
说出；提出：John came out with a really stupid remark. 约翰
突然冒出一句傻透了的话。
come over phr v 1 [I (to, from)] to come after travelling a
long distance 从远方过来：When did you first come over to
England?你第一次来英国是什么时候？2 [I] to make a short
informal visit 短暂造访；顺便来访：Come over and see us
0335
sometime. 请改天过来看看我们。3 [I] to be effective and well
received; COME across 产生效果；被接受；被理解； Your talk
came over very well. 你的讲话挺受欢迎。4 [I (to)] to change
sides or opinions, especially so as to join the speaker's side
变立场[观点]〔尤指转到说话人一方〕5 [T(=come over sbdy. )
no pass. 无被动语态] (of a sudden strong feeling) to take hold
of (someone) suddenly and strangely 突然感到: A feelin of
faintness came over me, so I had to lie down. 我突然觉得一阵
头昏，所以只好躺下。 (humor 幽默) What's come over him?
He's quite polite today! (=this is very unusual)他怎么了？今
天这样彬彬有礼！6[L+adj] infml, especially BrE(especially
followed by adjectives of feeling or illness) to become【非正
式，尤英】变得〔后面常跟表示感觉或疾病的形容词)：Isuddenly
came over a bit queasy, so I had to lie down. 我突然觉得头晕
想吐，所以只好躺下
come round BrE【英】‖come around AmE【美】—phr v[I]
1 also 又作 come to - to regain consciousness 恢复知觉，苏
醒过来 2 [(to)] to change sides or opinions 改变立场[观点]；
He'll soon come round to our way of thinking. 他很快就会改
变主意，采用我们的思想方法。3 to happen as usual 重又到来：
Christmas will soon be coming round again. 圣诞节很快又要
到了。4 to become calmer after being in a bad temper 消气，息
怒：Leave him alone and he'll soon come round. 别理他，他的
气一会儿就消了。5 to make a short informal visit to someone
who lives nearby 顺便走访〔住在附近的人)
come through phr v1 [I] (especially of news, results etc) to
become publicly known〔尤指消息、结果等)传出；公布：Have
your examination results come through yet?你们的考试结果
公布了吗？ I News has just come through that the man has
been caught. 刚有消息传来，说那人给抓住了。2 [I; T (=come
through (sthg. ) no pass. 无被动语态] to continue to live or
exist after (a difficult or dangerous event or situation); SUR
VIVE经受住；熬过〔困难、危险等)而活下来：The driver had lost
so much blood that he was lucky to come through (the
operation). 那司机流了许多血，（手术后）能活下来是够幸运的
come to sbdy. /sthg. phr v1 [T no pass. 无被动语态] to arrive
at a particular state or position 达到〔某种状态、状况)：结果是
At last the war came to an end. 战争终于结束了。] It has come
to my attention/my notice that some money is missing. 我注
意到有些钱不见了。| We came to the conclusion that she was
telling the truth. 我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。| I'll come
straight to the point -- when do you want the money?我直说
吧，你什么时候要那笔钱？| All this sex and violence on the
TV-what is the world coming to? (=shows disapproval and
anxiety)电视节目中充斥着色情与暴力，这世道要变成什么样子
啊？- — see also 另见 COME' (9) 2 [T] to amount to 总计，总数
为：The bill came to ￡5. 50. 账单金额总共是五英镑半。3 [T+obj/
v-ing; no pass. 无被动语态] to concern 涉及；谈到：When i
comes to politics/to repairing cars I know nothing, 说到政治
[修车]，我是一无所知。4 [T no pass. 无被动语态] to enter the
mind, especially suddenly 突然想到：I can't remember her name
now - it'll come to me later. 我一时记不起她的名字了，过一
会儿我会想起来的。5 come to yourself: a to regain self-con-
trol 恢复自制力 b to regain consciousness 恢复知觉，苏醒过来
6 have something coming to you to receive (something
deserved, especially something bad)得到〔应得的东西)；〔尤指
将得到报应：He thinks he's got away with it, but he's got a
big surprise coming to him!他以为侥幸逃过去了，但他将得到
意想不到的报应。- — see also 另见 come to grief (GRIEF), come
to grips with (GRIP2), come to heel (HEEL'), come to life (LIFE)
come under sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] 1 to be gov. 
erned or controlled by 受··管辖[支配]：This comes under the
jurisdiction of the Education Secretary. 这在教育大臣的管辖
之下。2 to be able to be found below or after (a key word
HEADING etc)可在··之下查到，列入··之下：What section doe
this come under?这归入哪个部分？ - — see also 另见 COME' (9)
come under the hammer (HAMMER1)
come up phr v [I] 1 to come to attention or consideration弓
起注意；得到考虑：Your question came up at the meeting. 你的
问题在会上给提出来讨论了。 — compare 比较BRING up(2)
2 to happen in the course of time, especially unexpectedly〔尤
指意想不到地)发生：I'll let you know if anything comes up. 如
果发生什么事，我会告诉你的。| I'll be late home-something's
just come up at work. 我回家要晚一些，因为工作上刚才出了点
儿事。3 to come near, especially by walking; APPROACH 走近：
走到跟前；接近：He came up and asked me if I knew the time. 
他走到我跟前来问我几点了。4 come up in the world to reach
a higher standard of living or social class 地位上升；晋升；发迹
come up against sthg. /sbdy. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态]
to meet (usually a difficulty or opposition); ENCOUNTER 碰到
遭到〔困难、反对等)：They came up against a number of unex-
pected problems. 他们遇到许多意想不到的难题
come upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to COME
across(1)〔偶然〕遇见；碰上；发现
come up to sthg. phr v [T] to equal 及得上，不亚于；达到：
Your recent work hasn't come up to your usual high standards. 
你最近的作品不及你以往的水平高
come up with sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] infml to
think of (a plan, reply etc); produce【非正式】想出〔计划、答复
等)；提出：The airline has come up with a novel solution to
the problem of jet-lag. 这家航空公司想出一个新办法来解决乘
客长途飞行后因时差引起生理失调的问题。
*come2 interj(an expression of not very strong disapproval)〔表
示不耐烦等〕喂！嗨！得啦！：Come, come! You can't expect me
to believe that!得啦，得啦！你不能指望我相信这种事吧！
come·back /`kvm, baek; 'kvmbaek/ n [usually sing. 一般用单
数]1 a return to a former position of strength, importance, or
high position, after a period of absence〔实力、地位等的〕恢复：
复原；复位；复辟：The old actor made/staged a successful
comeback after twenty years. 那位老演员20年后又东山再起，
红了起来。2 a clever quick reply; RETORT 机智的回答；尖刻的
应答 — see also 另见 COME back
Come Danc-ing / '·/ a British television programme in which
COUPLES and teams compete in a BALLROOM DANCING competition
《来跳舞》〔英国一电视交谊舞赛节目〕
co·me·di·an /ke`midien; ke'mi:dien/ co·me·di·enne /ke, midr`sn; 
ke, mi:di'en/ fem. 【阴性】- n 1 a person, especially a profes
sional entertainer, who tells jokes or does amusing things to
make people laugh〔尤指娱乐界专业的演艺人员〕滑稽人物；丑
角式人物 2 an actor who plays funny parts in plays or films 喜
剧演员
come·down /kvm, daun; 'kvmdaun/ n [usually sing. 一般用单
数] infml【非正式】1 a fall in importance, rank, or respect 地位
下降；落泊；失势：She used to have a big car, so she finds it a
bit of a comedown to have to go everywhere by bus. 她过去自
己有一辆大汽车，现在到哪儿都得乘公共汽车，因此觉得有点失落
感。2 an ANTICLIMAX 令人失望的事：After such a wonderful
holiday it was rather a comedown to have to start work again. 
度过如此惬意的假日之后，又要开始工作，真是令人扫兴。-see
also 另见 COME down
com·e·dy /'kamedi; 'komdi/ n 1 [C; U] a (type of) funny play, 
film, or other work in which the story and characters are amus-
ing and which ends happily 喜剧；喜剧作品：Shakespeare's
comedies 莎士比亚的喜剧作品 | Do you prefer comedy or
tragedy?你喜欢喜剧还是悲剧？ | a comedy show on TV 电视
喜剧 2 [U] the amusing quality of something; HUMOUR 喜剧
性: At last he saw the comedy of the situation and laughea. 他
最后看出这一场面的喜剧性，于是笑了起来。 — see also另见
BLACK COMEDY. LOW COMEDY. SITUATION COMEDY
Comedy of Er. rors. The /，. · ·/ a humorous play by
SHAKESPEARE about two sets of IDENTICAL TWINs (=two chil-
dren born to the same mother at the same time, who look ex-
actly the same). There are many confusing and amusing situa-
tions because the other characters think that they are dealing
with one twin when in fact they are dealing with the other. The
phrase 'a comedy of errors'is often used to describe a situa
tion that is so full of mistakes and problems that it seems funny
《错误的喜剧》〔莎士比亚创作的一部喜剧，讲述了两对同卵双胞胎
的故事，其中充满着混乱和可笑的场景，因为其他人物老是会认错
双胞胎。同名短语常被用来形容充满了太多错误和麻烦，以至看上
去滑稽的场面〕
comedy of man-ners /. . /n a comedy that provides amuse-
ment by making the behaviour and fashions of a particular
group look foolish〔讽刺某一群体的)风俗喜剧
come-hith-er / '·/ adj [A] infml sexually inviting【非正式】挑
逗性的，诱惑性的，勾引人的：come-hither eyes 挑逗的眼光| a
come-hither look 挑逗性的一瞥
come. ly /kamli; 'kamli/ adj lit attractive; having a pleasing
appearance【文】〔女子〕标致的，好看的：a comely young woman
秀丽的少妇 - -liness n[U]
come-on /'/ n 1 infml, especially AmE an attraction to per-
suade people to buy particular goods【非正式，尤美】〔引诱顾客
购物的)招揽物 2 give someone the come-on slang (especially
of a woman) to behave in a sexually exciting way towards
someone【俚】〔尤指女人)勾引，引诱：She gave me the come-
on as soon as her husband was out of the room. 她丈夫一走出
房间，她就开始勾引我。 — see also 另见 COME on
com·er /^`kvm; 'kvme'/ n infml【非正式】1 (often in comb. 常
用于复合词) a person who comes or arrives 来者：a latecomer
at the party 聚会上的迟到者 | newcomers to our town 我们镇
0336
上新来的人 | serving drinks to all comers 给所有来宾倒酒
2 especially AmE a person who appears to be very successfu
or likely to succeed【尤美】看来很成功的人；有成功希望的人
co·mes·ti·ble /ke`mestebl; ke'mestbal/ n [usually pl. 一般用
复数] fml or humor something to be eaten as food【正式或幽】
食物
com. et /'kamit; 'komt/ n an object in space that moves rounc
the sun in a long ELLIPTICAL path and has a very bright head
and a long tail. The most well-known comet is Halley's comet. 
彗星，扫帚星〔最著名的是“哈雷”彗星〕
come-up-pance /kam `vpens; , kvm 'vpens/ n [usually sing
般用单数] infml a well-deserved punishment or misfortune:
one's DESERTS【非正式】应得的惩罚；报应：He'll get his come-
uppance one of these days. 他总有一天会得到应有的惩罚
com. fit /kamfit: 'kamft/ n old use a sweet covered in suga
with a fruit or nut centre【旧】糖果：蜜饯
com·fort'/'kvmfat; 'kvmfet/ n 1 [U] the state of being free
from anxiety, pain, or suffering, and of having all your physi-
cal needs satisfied 舒适，安逸：to live in comfort 过舒适的生活
2 [C] something that satisfies your physical needs 使生活舒适
的东西：all the comforts of modern civilization 现代文明带来
的一切舒适条件3[C; U](a person or thing that gives) strength. 
nope, or sympathy for an unhappy person 安慰，慰藉：安慰者
慰藉物：My husband was a great comfort to me when our son
was ill. 我儿子生病时，丈夫给了我极大的安慰。| The priest
spoke a few words of comfort to the dying man. 牧师向那个生
命垂危的人说了几句安慰的话。|We can take comfort from
the fact that the situation is not actually getting worse. 形势
实际上并没有继续恶化，我们能从这一事实中得到安慰。|to of-
fer someone a crumb (=a very small bit) of comfort 给某人点
滴安慰 4 tidings of comfort and joy a phrase from a CAROL(a
religious song sung at Christmas)快慰佳音〔一首圣诞颂歌的歌
词) — see also 另见 COLD COMFORT, CREATURE COMFORTS. 
DISCOMFORT — ~less adj fml【正式】：a grey, comfortless day
阴沉沉的，令人很不舒适的日子
*comfort2v [T] to give COMFORT' (3) to 安慰：I tried to comfort
Jean after her mother's death. 琼的母亲去世后，我尽力安慰
她。| comforting words 安慰的话 — ~ingly adv
Comfort trademark a type of FABRIC CONDITIONER(=liquid
for making clothes feel soft), sold in the UK【商标】“金纺”衣
物柔顺剂
*com. for. ta-ble/'kamfatebl; 'kvmftebal/ adj 1 providing com-
fort 舒适的；惬意的：a comfortable chair/room/pair of shoes
income 舒适的椅子[房间；鞋子]；相当不错的收入 | They still
have a comfortable lead over their rivals. 他们仍然遥遥领先
于对手。2 feeling comfort, especially not experiencing(too
much)pain, grief, anxiety etc 感觉轻松自在的；舒服的：The
doctor said that mother was comfortable after her operation
医生说母亲手术后感觉良好，没有痛苦。|Are you comfortable
on that hard stool?你坐在那么硬的凳子上舒服吗？|I won't
be comfortable until I know what happened. 我只有知道发生
了什么事之后，才会放下心来。3 having enough money to be
free of worry; not poor 小康的：We're not rich but we're fairly
comfortable. 我们并不富有，但生活还是挺不错的。 — see also
另见 UNCOMFORTABLE--bly adv: comfortably ensconced
in an armchair 舒适地坐在扶手椅里
comfortably off/·/ adj [F] fairly rich 相当富有的，生活宽
裕的
com-fort-er/kvmfat: 'kvmfete/n 1 a person who gives com
fort 安慰者 2 old use a length of usually woollen cloth worn
around the neck to keep it warm; SCARF【旧】羊毛围巾 3 AmE
for【美】= QUILT — see also 另见 JOB'S COMFORTER
comfort sta·tion/'·, ·/ n AmE euph for【美，婉】= PUBLIC CON-
VENIENCE
com·fy/`kvmfi:'kvmfi/ adj infml comfortable【非正式】舒适的：
a comfy chair 舒适的椅子
com. ic/'kamik; 'komik/ adj1 causing laughter; humorous 滑
稽的，好笑的：a comic performance 滑稽表演 2 [A no comp. 
无比较级] of COMEDY 喜剧的； a comic actress/writer 喜剧女
演员[作家] — compare 比较 TRAGIC
comic2n 1 also 又作 comic book /'· ·/ AmE【美】- a magazine
for children containing CARTOON STRIPS. Famous comics in-
clude The Beano and The Dandy (in Britain) and Marvel comic
books (in the US)连环漫画杂志〔著名的连环漫画杂志包括英国
的《欢闹》、《一流人物》和美国的《奇迹》)：comic-book heroes
such as Superman and Batman 超人和蝙蝠侠等连环漫画书中
的主人公 2 a person who is funny, especially a professional
COMEDIAN 喜剧演员：a stand-up comic 讲笑话的喜剧演员 -
see also 另见 COMICS
com·i. cal /`kamikl; 'komikal/ adj funny, especially in an odd
or unexpected way 滑稽的，令人发笑的：a comical hat 一顶怪
可笑的帽子 — ~ly/-klr; -kli/ adv
comic op. e. ra/, . . /n an OPERA with an amusing story, speak-
ing as well as singing, and usually a happy ending 喜剧性歌剧
Comic Re. lief/. / a British CHARITY organization which
was started by professional COMEDIANS. Once a year they have
a special day when they collect money for people who need
help in the UK and other countries, and there is a special tele-
vision programme that continues for the whole evening. Many
people do silly activities to earn money for Comic Relief or
they telephone the programme and promise to give money. 
People also buy plastic red noses to show their support, and
because of this, Comic Relief Day is often called 'Red Nose
Day'. 喜剧演员济贫会〔英国的一个由职业喜剧演员创立的机构
他们一年一度在一个特定的日子为英国和其他国家需要帮助的人
筹集钱款，而且那一夜整晚都播出一个特殊的电视节目。许多人做
出滑稽的项目来为该机构筹款或者打电话给该节目认捐。人们也
购买塑料制成的红鼻子以示支持。因此，“喜剧演员济贫日”也常
被称为“红鼻子日”]
com·ics /^`kamiks: 'kpmiks/ also又作 funnies — n [the+P] es
pecially AmE the part of a newspaper containing CARTOON
STRIPS. On Sundays, American newspapers usually include a
separate section of comics, in colour. 【尤美】〔报纸上的〕连环
漫画栏，连环画页〔星期天，美国的报纸通常有彩色的连环漫画专
栏)：I always read the comics before the political news. 我在
读政治新闻前总是先看看连环漫画栏
comic strip /'· ·/ also 又作 strip cartoon BrE【英】- n a set of
drawings telling a short story, often with words showing the
speech of the characters in the pictures 〔报刊上的〕连环漫画 -
compare 比较 CARTOON
com·ing'/^kvmin; 'kvmin/ n 1 [S] arrival 到来；到达：With the
coming of winter the days get shorter. 随着冬天的来临，白天
渐渐地变短了。2 comings and goings infml acts of arriving
and leaving【非正式】来来往往，进进出出：We watched the
comings and goings of the guests from our bedroom window
我们从卧室窗口看着客人进进出出。
coming2 adj [A] 1 that is coming or will come 正在到来的；即
将到来的：during the coming months 在即将到来的几个月份里
2 infml likely to succeed【非正式】有可能成功的；有前途的：a
coming young man一位有前途的青年 — see also另见 UP-AND-
COMING
coming of age /，··'·/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] the 18th
birthday of a person, when they become legally an adult. At 18
British people are allowed to vote in elections, get married
without the permission of their parents, and buy and drink al-
cohol in a PUB. In the US, either the 18th or 21st birthday might
be thought of as a coming of age; at 18 people are allowed to
vote and get married, but in many states you cannot buy alco-
hol until you are 21. 成年；法定年龄〔指18岁。年满18岁的英
国人可以参加投票选举，可以不经父母允许结婚，还可以在小酒馆
里买酒喝。在美国，18岁和21岁都可以被视为法定年龄。年满18
岁的人可以投票和结婚，但在许多州，年满21岁才能购买酒类〕-
see also 另见 come of age (COME of)
com. i. ty /'kameti; 'komti/ n [C; U] fml rare (a society built
on) friendly polite behaviour【正式，罕】礼让，礼仪；礼让的社会
comity of na. tions /，. . '. / n [U] law the respect and friend-
ship shown by countries for each other, especially as regards
each other's laws, customs, and systems of government【律】
国际礼仪〔尤指相互尊重对方的法律、风俗、政治制度〕
com-ma/kame; 'kome/ n the mark(, ) used in writing and print-
ing for showing a short pause 逗号 — see also 另见 INVERTED
COMMA
*com. mand'/ke`maend; ke'ma:nd/ v1 [T] to tell (someone)to
do something, with the right to be obeyed; formally order, es-
pecially as a military leader （尤指军事上）命令：Do as I com-
mand (you). 照我的命令去做。| [+obj+to-v] The general com-
manded his men to attack the city. 将军命令部下攻城。| [+that
He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们
立即发起进攻。— see 参见 ORDER(USAGE) 2 [I; T] to be in a
position of control (over), especially as a military leader 指挥
管辖：统率：General Carter commands the Parachute Regiment
卡特将军统率伞兵团。| He is not fit to command. 他不适于当
指挥官。3 [T] to deserve and get 应得，值得；博得：to com-
mand respect 博得尊敬 | She can command a high fee for
her services. 凭她的服务，她有资格收取高额酬金。|His paint
ings command a high price these days. 他的画如今可卖大价
钱。| The proposals command wide support in Congress. 这
些提议在国会获得广泛的支持。4 [T] to control (a place) from
above 居高临下控制〔某地)；俯瞰；眺望：This hill fort commands
the whole valley. 山上要塞居高临下，控制着整个山谷。|(fig
0337
喻) The house commands (=looks down on) a fine view of the
sea. 从这房子可以清楚地看到下面的大海。5 [T] fml to be able
o use; have at your service【正式】对··有支配权：拥有，掌握
The company commands considerable resources. 这家公司拥
有相当可观的财力
*command2n 1 [C] an order 命令：Fire on my command/when
I give the command. 我一下命令就开火。2 [U] the right to
command; control 指挥权；指挥；控制：The army is under the
king's direct command. 军队由国王直接统帅。| Who is the
officer in command?谁是指挥官？ | to take command of an
army/a situation 统帅一支军队；控制局势 | the army's com
mand structure 军队的指挥架构 3 [C+sing. /pl. v a a military
unit under separate control 部队，兵团：pilots of the Southern
Air Command 南方空军兵团的飞行员 b a group of officers or
officials who give orders 司令部，指挥部：the German High
Command 德国最高指挥部 4 [S; U] the ability to control and
use 掌握，运用能力；控制力：He has a good command of
French/an impressive command of the details. 他法文很好
他对细节极为了解。5 [C] an instruction to a computer to per-
form a particular operation 〔电脑的)指令：a sequence of com. 
mands 一连串电脑指令
om·man-dant /kamen`daent; komen'daent/ n the chief of-
ficer in charge of a military organization 司令官，指挥官：the
commandant of a prison camp 战俘营司令官
command e. con. o. my /. '. . . . /n an economic system in which
production levels are controlled by a central authority 中央管
制经济
com·man-deer /kamen`dir; komen'die/v [T] to take (private
property) for military use, without needing permission or giv-
ing payment 征用，强征〔私人财产作军事用途)：The soldiers
commandeered the house and used it forlas offices. 士兵征用
了那房子作办公室。
com·mand·er /ke`maende; ke'ma:nde/ n 1 the officer of any
rank who is in charge of a group of soldiers 指挥官 2 a naval
rank 海军中校 — see 参见 TABLE 3 3 a British police officer
of high rank 英国高级警官
commander in chief /. . ·/ n an officer in control of all the
armed forces of a country, area etc 总司令；最高统帅； The Oueen
is commander in chief of the British armed forces. 女王是英
国武装部队的最高统帅。
com·mand·ing /ke`maendin; ke'ma:ndin/ adj 1 [A no comp
无比较级] having command; in charge 指挥的，统帅的：Who's
your commanding officer?谁是你们的指挥官？ 2 [A] looking
down from above 高下的：The castle has a commanding
position on a steep hill. 这座古堡建在陡峭的小山上，位置居高
临下。| (fig. 喻) The Republicans now have a commanding
lead in the opinion polls. 共和党在民意调查中遥遥领先。3 pro
ducing respect and obedience; AUTHORITATIVE 威严的，令人
肃然起敬的：a commanding voice/appearance 威严的口气| 外
貌]
com·mand·ment /ke`maendment; ke'ma:ndment/ n 1 (ofter
cap. 常用大写) any of the TEN COMMANDMENTS 戒律〔《圣经》
所指的十诫之一)：to keep the commandments 遵守戒律 2 lit a
command【文】命令
command mod·ule /'. / n tech the part of a space vehicle
from which operations are controlled【术语】〔宇宙飞船的〕指令
舱，指挥舱
com·man·do /ke`mendo; ke'ma:ndeu/ n-dos or -does 1(a
member of) a small fighting force specially trained for making
quick attacks into enemy areas 突击队（员）2 the Comman
does a unit of the British Royal Marines who secretly land in
enemy country, usually from the sea, to prepare the way for
the main army. They are generally thought of as being strong
and TOUGH (=able to bear the most difficult conditions), 〔英国
皇家海军〕突击队〔他们一般由海路秘密潜入敌国，为主力部队开
路，被公认为有实力、很顽强〕
command per-form. ance /. ·/n a special performance at
a theatre given at the request of the head of state 奉命专场演出
御前演出
command post /'. ，/ n (in the military) the place from which
a commander and his officers direct operations(军事)指挥所
com·me·di·a dell'ar. te /ke medie dl`arti; kp meidie del 'a ：tei
It a popular form of COMEDY in Italy from the 16th to the 18th
century, which used speeches invented by the actors as they
acted and MASKS and which had great influence on European
theatre【意】即兴喜剧〔16至18世纪意大利的一种流行喜剧形式。
表演时演员自编台词、戴面具。这对欧洲戏剧具有极大影响〕
comme il faut /komil`fo; kom i:l 'feu/ adj [F] pomp accord-
ing to correct or established social standards【夸张】适当的；合
乎礼仪的；高尚的：You can't wear those old trousers for the
wedding -- it's absolutely not comme il faut. 你不能穿这旧裤
子参加婚礼，这样绝对不得体
com·mem·o·rate /ke`mme, ret; ke'memereit/ v [T] 1 to give
honour to the memory of, especially by a public ceremony〔尤
指以仪式)庆祝，为··举行纪念活动：a festival commemorating
the 400th anniversary of the birth of Shakespeare 纪念莎士比
亚诞辰400周年的庆典 2 to be in memory of 纪念：This statue
commemorates those who died in the war, 这座雕像是纪念战
争死难者的。-- -ration /ke, mame`refen; ke, meme'reifan/ n [U
(of)]: A religious service will be held in commemoration of
those who died in the war. 人们将举行宗教仪式纪念战争死难
者。- -rative /ke`memeretiy; ke'memeretiv/ adj: a commemo-
rative service/stamp 纪念仪式[邮票]
com·mence /ke`mens; ke'mens/ v [I; T] fml or pomp to begin
start【正式或夸张】开始；着手：If everyone has arrived, the
meeting may now commence. 如果人都到齐了，会议现在就开
始。| We may now commence the meeting. 我们现在可以开会
了。| [+to-v/v-ing] Having said he would not make a long
speech, he commenced to dolcommenced doing exactly that
他刚说完自己不准备长篇大论之后，就开始没完没了地说起来。—
see 参见 START (USAGE)
com·mence·ment /ke`mensment; ke'mensment/ n 1 [C; U (of)
fml the act of commencing; beginning【正式】开始；开端 2 [C]
AmE a ceremony at which university, college, or high school
students are given their degrees or DIPLOMAS. At a commence-
ment all the students wear special ROBES and caps, and there
are usually several speeches, including one by the VALEDIC-
TORIAN of the class. 【美】学位授予典礼：〔大学及高中的〕毕业典
礼〔典礼上所有学生穿戴特制的长袍和帽子，一般有几篇演讲，包
括一篇毕业生代表的告别辞〕
com·mend /ke`mand; ke'mend/ v[T]fml【正式】1 [(for)] to
speak favourably of; express your approval of or admiration
for 称赞；推崇：She was highly commended for her organiza-
tional skills. 她的组织才能受到高度赞赏。| The new grammar
book has much to commend it. 这本新语法书值得推崇之处很
多。2[(to)] to put (especially yourself) into the care or charge
of someone else; ENTRUST 把（尤指自己）交托给：The dying man
commended his soul/himself to God. 那垂死的人把自己（的灵
魂)托付给了上帝
com·men·da·ble /ke`mendebl; ke'mendebal/ adj worthy of
praise 值得称赞的[推崇的]：commendable efforts 值得称赞的
努力--bly adv
com·men. da·tion /kamen`defen; , komen'deifan/ n 1 [C (for)]
an official prize or honour given for a special quality奖，奖品
表扬；嘉奖状：a commendation for bravery 表彰勇敢而授予的
嘉奖状2[U] fml praise; approval【正式】称赞；赞许
com·men·su·rate /ke`menferit; ke'menfert/ adj [(with)] fm
【正式】1 equal in size, quality, or length of time; EQUIVALENT
与·同标准[大小、质量、程度]的 2 suitable; APPROPRIATE 相
称的，相当的：The salary will be commensurate with your age
and experience. 工资会与你的年龄与经历相称。
com·ment'/`kament; 'koment/ n [C; U (about, on)]1 (a) writ-
ten or spoken opinion, explanation, or judgment made about
an event, person, situation etc 评论；评语；评注：He made sev-
eral unfavourable comments about their candidate. 他对他们
的候选人发表了一些不利的评论。| Some of her criticisms are
unreasonable, but most of what she says is fair comment, 她
的批评有些是没有什么道理的，但她的话大部分都是公正的评语。
2 no comment a phrase used by people in public life to news-
paper reporters when they do not want to say anything about a
subject 无可奉告〔公众人物不想就某事发表看法时对报纸记者所
说的话)：“Could you confirm the rumours of your resignation, 
Mr Baker?” “No comment!” “你能否证实一下有关您要辞职的
传闻，贝克先生？” “无可奉告！”
comment2v [I (on, upon); T+that; obj] to make a comment:
give an opinion 评论；发表意见：The minister refused/declined
to comment on the rumours of his resignation. 部长拒绝就他
辞职一事的传闻发表评论。| Jean commented that it was a
better play than usual, and I agreed. 琼评论说，这场比赛比以
往打得好，我表示赞同。
com·men·ta·ry /kamen teri; 'komenteri/ n [(on)]1 [C] a writ
ten collection of opinions, explanations, judgments etc on a
book, event, person etc〔书面的〕评注；评论；评述 2 [C; U](a)
spoken description (with opinions and explanations) that is
broadcast with, and at the same time as, an event, occasion, 
football match etc 实况广播报道；解说：a commentary on the
baseball game on TV 棒球比赛的电视实况报道 | (fig, 喻) We
couldn't see Tom, but Sally gave usa running commentary
on what he was doing. 我们见不到汤姆，可是萨莉却像作实况
报道一样详细告诉我们他在做什么
0338
com·men·ta. tor/kamen tet: 'kpmenteite/n a broadcaster
who gives a commentary, e. g. on a sports match 广播评论员；实况
解说员：a football commentator 足球比赛解说员 - commentate
v[I(on)]
com·merce/'kam3s; 'kom3:s/ n [U] 1 the buying and selling
of goods and services; trade 商业，商务；贸易，交易； interna
tional commerce 国际贸易 2 old use exchange of ideas, opinions. 
or feelings【旧】〔思想、观点、感情的〕交流；交际 3 old use SEXUAL
INTERCOURSE【旧】性交 — see also 另见 CHAMBER OF COM-
MERCE
com·mer·cial'/ke`m3·fel; ke'm3:fal/ adj1 [no comp. 无比较
级] of, related to, or used in commerce商业（上）的；商务（方
面)的：a commercial venture 商业投资 |commercial vehicles
商用车辆| commercial art and design (=for advertising etc)
商业美术设计 2 [A no comp. 无比较级] producing or likely to
broduce profit 营利的；可望获利的：The film was highly praised
but was not a commercial success. 这部电影得到很好的评价
但却不卖座。| Oil has been found in commercial quantities
in the North Sea. 在北海发现了大量有商业价值的石油。| Do
these discoveries have any commercial valuelapplications!
这些发现有商业价值[用途]吗？ 3 derog (of records, books etc]
produced in order to make money, rather than for art【贬】〔唱
片、书籍等〕以营利为目的的；作为商品的，商品化的：His new
record is much too commercial. 他的新唱片太商业化了。 4 [no
comp. 无比较级] (of television or radio) paid for by charges
made for advertising 〔电视、电台)由广告收入支付的 — ~ly ady; 
The new drug is not yet commercially available. 这种新药还
没有投放市场
commercial2n an advertisement on television or radio〔电视
电台广播中的〕商业广告
commercial bank /·'·，·/ n a bank which accepts DEPOSIT
ACCOUNTS, which the customer can close without giving
warning, and which makes INVESTMENTS for a short time only
商业银行
commercial break /·，· '·/ also 又作 break infml【非正式】— n
a pause for advertisements during a television or radio programme
〔电视或广播节目中〕广告时间
Commercial Court, the/. '·. , / a British court of law for cases
relating to companies and banks. It decides whether they can
move goods to particular places, join with other businesses, 
get the right to use a particular name, provide different ser
vices etc. 〔英国〕商事法庭〔审理有关公司和银行案件的法庭，就
他们能否将货物运往特定区域、公司合并、取得使用特定品名权、
提供各种服务等作出判决
com·mer. cial·is. m /ke`m3feli zem; ke'm3:felizam/ n [U] of
ten derog the principles, methods, and practices of commerce
especially those concerned only with making profits【常贬】商
业主义；营利主义；利润第一主义
com·mer·cial·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/ke`m3fel, aiz; ke
'm3:felaiz/ v[T] often derog to make (something) too commercial
especially to treat with regard to, rather than of religion, art etc
【常贬】使商业化；使商品化：Do you agree that Christmas is
too commercialized these days?现在圣诞节太商业化了，你认
为是这样吗？--ization /ke, m3felai`zefan; ke, m3:felai'zeifan/
n[U]
commercial pa·per /·· '·/ n [U] AmE tech documents that
record debts which must be paid after a short time. They are
bought and sold, usually between companies, at a DISCOUNT
of their full value, as a way of getting money immediately. 
【美，术语】商业票据〔短期内必须支付的单据，一般可以在公司之
间进行折价买卖，作为一种快速筹集资金的方法)：They raisea
$50, 000 yesterday selling commercial paper, 昨天他们通过
出售商业票据筹集了5万美元
commercial ra. di·o /·，·'·/ n [U] (in Britain) local radio sta-
tions whose money comes from advertising and which are con
trolled by the IBA (=Independent Broadcasting Authority)商
业电台〔英国地方广播电台，其资金来源于广告收入并由英国独立
广播管理局监管〕 — see also 另见 COMMERCIAL TELEVISION. 
IBA
commercial sub·jects /·'·. ·/ n old-fash for【过时】= BUSI
NESS STUDIES
commercial tel. e. vi. sion /·，. ··. /n [U] (in Britain) indepen-
dent television companies whose money comes from advertis
ing and not from the government, and which in Britain are
controlled by the IBA 商业电视台〔资金来源于广告收入而不是
由政府提供的英国独立电视公司，由英国独立广播管理局监管〕-
see also 另见 COMMERCIAL RADIO, IBA
commercial trav·el-ler /·，· '·/ n BrE old-fash for【英，过时】
= SALES REPRESENTATIVE
com·mie, Commie /`kami; 'komi/ n derog slang, especially
AmE for【贬，俚，尤美】= COMMUNIST
com·mis·e·rate/ke`mize ret; ke'mizereit/v
commiserate with sbdy. phr v[T (on, over)] to feel or ex-
press sympathy for (a person), especially over something not
very serious 同情；怜悯〔某人) ：I commiserated with my friena
after he failed his driving test. 我的朋友驾驶考试没有通过，我
很同情他
com·mis. e·ra·tion /ke, mize`refan; ke, mize'reifan/ n [C; U
(on)] usually pl. 一般用复数 (an expression of) sympathy for
the (especially not very serious) misfortune of another person
同情；怜悯：Please give her my commiserations on failing her
exam. 她考试不及格，请向她转达我的关切。 — compare 比较
CONDOLENCE
com·mis. sar/, kome`sar; kom'sa:/n (in the Soviet Union)
1 the official title of a government minister until 1946 人民委
员〔苏联1946年以前的政府部长)2 an official responsible for
political education, especially in the armed forces(部队中的)
政治委员，政委
com·mis·sar·i·at/ kame`seriet; kom'seariet/n tech [C+sing. /
pl. v; U] (a department dealing with) the supply of provisions
to an army【术语】〔部队的〕给养（部门）；军需（处）
com·mis·sa·ry/`kame, seri; 'komseri/n 1 an officer with du-
ties in the commissariat 军需官；给养部门负责人 2 especially
AmE a place where soldiers or people employed by a firm, 
especially a film company, can buy and eat food【尤美】〔尤指
电影制片厂等的〕食堂，餐厅
com·mis. sion1/ke`mifen; ke'mifan/ n1 [C; U (on)](an amount
of) money, usually related to the value of goods sold, paid to
the person who sold them （一笔）佣金；回扣；手续费：He gets a
10% commission on everything he sells. 他每卖一件东西得 10%
的佣金。| There is a salary of ￡10, 000， plus the opportunity
to earn commission. 工资是1万英镑，还加上可以赚取佣金的
机会。| You have to pay a 25p commission on each cheque
you cash. 你每兑换一张支票，就得交25便士的手续费。2 [C]a
special job, duty, or power, given to a person or group of people
所委以的职责；任务；所授之权：Does that artist takelaccept
commissions? 那位画家接受作画的工作吗？|[+to-v] The com-
mission to build the new theatre was given to a well-known
architect. 建造新剧院的任务委托给了一位著名的建筑师。3
[C+sing. /pl. v] (often cap. 常用大写) a group of people spe-
cially appointed at a high level to do certain work, especially
to find out facts and write a report 委员会：The government
has set up a commission to suggest improvements in the edu-
cational system. 政府成立了一个委员会来提出改进教育制度的
计划。| The commission has/have recommended the aboli-
tion of the examination. 委员会建议取消考试。| a Royal Com
missionon gambling 处理赌博问题的皇家专门调查委员会4[C]
(an official paper appointing someone to) any of several high
ranks in the armed forces 委任状；授衔令；所授军衔：He's got
his commission and is now a lieutenant. 他得到了授衔令，现
在是中尉了。5 [U (of)] fml or law the act of committing
(COMMIT) a crime【正式或律】犯法；犯罪：the commission of
murder by a person or persons unknown 凶犯不详的谋杀罪6
in/out of commission (of a ship, machine etc) ready/not ready
for active use〔船只、机器等〕可以[不能]使用 — see also 另见
HIGH COMMISSION
commission2v [T] 1 to give a COMMISSION1 (2, 4) to 委任；任
命；委派；委托：[+obj+to-v] He has been commissioned to paint
a picture of the queen. 他受托画一张女王的画像。2 to place a
special order for, or appoint someone to do (something)下令
要·；委托做··：The king commissioned a portrait of the queen. 
国王下令画一张王后的画像。| This inquiry was commissioned
by the previous government. 这次调查是受前内阁之委托。
Commission, the an informal name for the EUROPEAN COM-
MISSION 欧盟委员会
com·mis. sion. aire /ke, mifen`er; ke, mife'nee/ n especially BrE
a uniformed attendant at the entrance to a cinema, theatre, ho-
tel etc【尤英】〔影院、剧院、饭店等处〕穿制服的看门人
commissioned of. fic. er /. ···/ adj a middle-ranking or high
ranking officer in the armed forces （少尉以上的）军官 - com-
pare 比较 NCO
com·mis·sion·er /ke`mifene; ke'mifane/ n (often cap. 常用
大写)1 an official in charge of a particular government de-
partment in some countries(某些国家政府部门的)长官：Com-
missioner Addo is responsible for education. 阿多长官主管教
育。2 a member of a COMMISSION1(3)〔委员会的)委员；特派
员：The Commissioners of Inland Revenue control British
national taxes. 国家税收委员管理英国全国的税收。3 the head
of the police department in some places in the US 〔美国部分地
区的)警察局长：Report directly to the Commissioner. 直接向
0339
警察局长报告。 — see also 另见 CHURCH COMMISSIONERS, HIGH
COMMISSIONER
commissioner for oaths /·，··'·/ n especially BrE a lawyer
who has the legal power to witness an OATH made by someone
who is making a formal legal statement【尤英】宣誓公证人〔为
立宣誓书人办理宣誓的律师〕
Commission for Ra. cial E-qual. i. ty, the /. . . . / (also
又作CRE)a British government organization established in
1976 to make sure that people of all races are treated fairly and
equally by employers, schools etc 种族平等委员会〔英国一政
府机构，成立于1976年，以确保所有种族的人都能受到雇主，学校
等的公正、平等的对待
com·mit /ke`mit; ke'mit/ v-tt- [T] 1 to do (something wrong
or illegal)犯〔错误、罪行)；干〔坏事等)：to commit a crimela
sin/suicide/murder 犯罪; 作恶; 自杀; 杀人 2 [(o)] to o promise
(especially yourself, your property etc) to a certain cause
bosition, opinion, or course of action使〔尤指自己)承担义务
作出保证：承诺：The government has committed itself to im-
proving health education/has committed considerable re-
sources to improving the rail system. 政府决心致力于改善健
康教育；政府已承诺投入相当的财力来改善铁路系统。|The di
rector has been asked to state the company's position, but so
far he has refused/declined to commit himself (on this issue). 
那位董事已被要求阐明公司的立场，可是迄今为止他拒绝（就此问
题)作出承诺。 — see also 另见 COMMITTED 3 [(to)] to order
(someone) to be put somewhere, especially in prison or in a
MENTAL HOSPITAL 把〔某人〕押交监狱[送交疯人院]：He was
found guilty and committed (to prison). 他被判有罪，被关进了
监狱。4 [(to)] fml to put into a particular place or state, e. g. in
order to be kept for future use or to be got rid of【正式】把·. 置
于某处：把··置于某种状态下：The body was committed to the
flames. (=was burnt) 尸体被火化了。| to commit something to
memory (=to memorize it)记住某事 | She committed the facts
to writing/to paper. (=wrote them down) 她把事实写了下来。
com·mit·ment /ke`mitment; ke'mitment/ n [C; U(to)] 1 a re-
sponsibility or promise to follow certain beliefs or a certair
course of action 承诺；诺言；承担的义务：As members of the
alliance, we must honour our defence commitments, 我们作
为联盟的成员国，必须履行在防务中所承担的义务。| Come and
look round our shop without commitment to buy anything. 请
随时来我们商店转转，不一定非要买东西。| I'm afraid I can't
come, owing to other/prior commitments. 我怕不能来，因为我
还有其他的[原先的]约会。| I don't want to get married be-
cause I don't want any commitments. 我不想结婚，因为我不
想承担任何义务。| The general has repeated/stressed his com
mitment to holding elections as soon as possible, 将军重申
[强调]了对尽快举行选举的承诺。2 the state of being committed:
deeply-felt loyalty to a particular aim, belief etc 忠诚；信奉；支
持；献身：The company's success this year would not have
been possible without the commitment and dedication of the
staff. 如果没有员工的奉献精神，公司今年的成功是不可能的。|
a deep commitment to feminist principles 对女权主义原则的
忠贞不渝
com·mit·tal /ke`mitl: ke'mitl/ n [C; U (to)] (an example of) the
act of sending a person to prison or to a MENTAL HOSPITAL押
交监狱；收监；送入精神病院
com-mit. ted /ke`mitid; ke'mitd/ adj [(to)] 1 giving your whole
loyalty to a particular aim, job, or way of life 献身的；忠诚的：
committed nurse/Christian/teacher尽职的护士；虔诚的基督徒：
忠于职守的教师 | She's very committed to her job/to helping
people who are homeless. 她对工作非常尽职[尽心尽力帮助那
些无家可归的人]。2 [F] having made a firm promise or state-
ment of intention 做出明确许诺的；表示出明确意图的：The gov-
ernment is firmly committed to (maintaining) its nuclear en-
ergy programme, and is very unlikely to change its policy. 政
府坚决要执行核能计划，不大可能会改变政策。
*com. mit. tee /ke`miti; ke'miti/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of
people chosen, especially by and from a larger group, to do a
particular job or for special duties 委员会：He's on the com
mittee that controls council spendinglon the finance committee
他在掌管市政会开支的委员会[财政委员会]供职。| to hold/at
tend a committee meeting 举行 [参加] 委员会会议 | They've
set up a committee to examine the question of park facilities
他们成立了一个委员会来审查公园设备问题。— see also 另见
SELECT COMMITTEE
com·mit. tee·man /ke`mitimen; ke'mitimaen/ -wom·an /-wumen; 
-, wumen/ fem. 【阴性】— n -men /-men; -men/ a member of a
committee 委员
committee stage /'·/ n law (in either house of the British
Parliament) the stage between the second and third conside-
ration(READING) of a suggested law (BILL), when it is closely
examined by a small committee【律】〔英国上议院或下议院〕议
案在二读与三读之间由议案委员会审议的阶段
com·mode /ke`mod; ke'moud/ n 1 a piece of bedroom furni-
ture like a chair with a CHAMBER POT under it 〔座椅式〕便桶
2 old use a piece of furniture containing drawers or shelves
【旧】小柜橱；五斗橱
com·mo. di·ous /ke`modies; ke'meudies/ adj lit or fml having
plenty of space【文或正式】宽敞的：a commodious house 宽敞
的房子 — ~ly adv
com·mod·i·ty /ke`madetr; ke'modti/n 1 an article of trade or
COMMERCE, especially a mineral or farm product 商品；农产
品; 矿产品; The country is heavily dependent on its exports of
agricultural commodities. 这个国家很大程度上依靠农产品的出
口。| There have been big rises in commodity prices, espe-
cially copper and tin. 矿产品价格有了大幅度上涨，特别是铜与
锡。| commodity brokers 商品经纪人 2 fml a thing of use or
value【正式】有用的东西：Tact is a valuable commodity. 圆滑
老练是很有用处的。
commodity mar. ket /'. ·. . ·/ n a place where raw materials
such as coffee, sugar, wool, wheat etc are bought and sold in
large quantities. The main commodity market in Britain is the
London Commodity Exchange and in the US it is the Chi-
cago Board of Trade. 商品交易所〔在英国，主要是伦敦商品交
易所，在美国为芝加哥交易所〕
com·mo·dore /`kame. dor; 'komedo:/n1 a naval rank 海军准
将 — see 参见 TABLE 3 2 the captain in charge of a FLEET(=a
group) of MERCHANT ships (=ships carrying goods, materials
etc)商船队队长 3 the president of a club for people who go
sailing 游艇俱乐部主席
*com. mon' /`kamen; 'komen/ adj 1 found or happening often
and in many places; usual 常见的；平常的；普遍的：Rabbits and
foxes are common in Britain. 兔子与狐狸在英国十分常见。| a
common occurrence 常发生的事 | a common failing among
teachers 教师中普遍的毛病 | one of the commonest/most com-
mon causes of heart disease 心脏病最常见的病因 | It is now
very common for women to hold managerial jobs. 现在妇女
当上经理是很普遍的。 — compare 比较 RARE'(1), SCARCE'(1)
2 [A no comp. 无比较级] of no special quality or rank; of the
ordinary type 平凡的；一般的：Common salt is very cheap. 食
盐很便宜。| How will these changes affectthe common man ？
(=ordinary people)这些变化会怎样影响一般人呢？ | He didn't
even have thecommon courtesy to reply to her letter. 他连通
常的礼貌都不顾，竟然没有给她回信。 — see also 另见 COMMON
COLD 3 [A; F+to; no comp. 无比较级] a belonging to or shared
equally by two or more; united; JOINT 共同的；共有的； united
by their common desire to win their country's independence
以争取国家独立的共同愿望所联合起来的|tomake common
cause(=join together) against an enemy 联合起来对抗敌人
This useful feature is common to both these computers. (=they
both have it)这两种电脑都有这种实用的特点。| When it comes
to politics my mother and I are oncommon ground. (=we
have the same opinions)谈到政治时我和母亲的见解是一致的。
b of or belonging to society as a whole; general 公共的；公众
的；普遍的：The government says it is acting for thecommon
good. 政府声称它是为公众利益工作的。| It'scommon knowl-
edge among politicians that an election will be called soon
不久将宣布举行选举，这是政界人士全都知道的事情。| This for-
est iscommon land . 这片森林是公共土地。| Their latest sys-
tem isby common consent(=as everyone agrees) the best
personal computer on the market. 他们最近研制的电脑是市场
上最好的个人电脑，这是公认的。4 especially BrE derog rough
in manner or appearance and (regarded as being) of low social
class; VULGAR【尤英，贬】粗俗的；粗野的：He's so common. 他
那么粗俗。| a common-looking woman 相貌粗俗的女人| She's
as common as muck . (=extremely common)她极其粗俗。5
[A no comp. 无比较级] tech having the same relationship to
two or more quantities【术语】共通的；公共的：5 is a common
factor of 10 and 20. 5是10和20的公因数。 — see also 另见
BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER, COMMONLY — ~ness n [U]
common2n 1 an area of grassland with no fences which people
in general are free to use 公用草地；公地：Every Saturday Jean
went riding on the village common. 琼每星期六在村庄的公地
上骑马。2in common shared with someone else 共用的，公有
的；共同的：John and I have nothing in common. (=no shared
interests, qualities etc)约翰与我没有共同之处。| In common
with most young people he hates getting up in the morning
他跟大多数年轻人一样，早晨不愿起床。3out of the common
fml unusual【正式】非同寻常的 - — see also 另见 COMMONS
Common Ag. ri. cul-tu-ral Pol-i-cy, the /，. . '. ，. /the full
0340
name of the CAP 共同农业政策
com·mon·al·ty /kameneltr; 'kpmenelti/n [the+S+sing. /pl. v]
fml the common people; ordinary citizens【正式】老百姓，平民
阶层
common car·ri·er /，·'··/ n AmE【美】1 a CARRIER(1)运送人：
运输业者；运输公司 2 a company that provides telephone or
other TELECOMMUNICATIONS lines in exchange for payment
公众电信公司
common cold /，· '/ n [the] tech for【术语】= COLD2 (2)
common de. nom. i-na. tor /. . . /n 1 tech a number which
can be divided exactly by the lower number in a set of FRACTIONS
【术语】公分母 2 a quality or belief shared by all the members
of a group 共同特色：There is one common denominator in
these very different schemes - namely, that they are all aimed
at reducing pollution. 这些极为不同的方案中有一个共同点，就
是目的都是为了减少污染
Common En. trance Ex. am. i. na. tion, the /. . . . / an
examination in the UK, taken in PREPARATORY SCHOOLS by
children between the ages of 12 and 14， in order to be able to
go to a PUBLIC SCHOOL (=expensive private school)〔在英国
12至14岁的预备学校学生为进入公学参加的〕统一入学考试
com·mon. er /kamene; 'komene'/n a person who is not a mem-
ber of a noble family 平民：The princess married a commoner
公主嫁给了一个平民，
common frac·tion /，·'·/ n especially AmE for【尤美】= VUL
GAR FRACTION
common ground /，·'/ n [U] a familiar subject of interest
argument etc which both or all people agree on〔利益、争论等
的)共同基础：Both parties refused to enter common ground
and the meeting ended in disaster. 双方不愿达成共识，会议因
此不欢而散
com-mon-hold /kamenhold; 'komenheuld/ adj, adv, n tech
(having) a shared FREEHOLD between the owners of different
properties within the same building. Commonhold is being
introduced in England and Wales to give more rights to people
who own FLATS in a building owned by someone else. 【术语)
〔同一建筑物内业主的〕房地产共同永久绝对所有权（的），不动产
共同终身保有权（的）；终身共同地，无限期共同地〔在英格兰和威
尔士推行该权项是为了给在别人建筑内拥有住房的人赋予更多的
权利) — compare 比较 FREEHOLD
common land /. '/ n [U] (in Britain) land which is owned by
no one and cannot be fenced, and is available for everyone to
use〔英国〕公用土地
common law /· / n [(the) U] 1 the body of law originating
in England and the modern systems of law based upon it 普通
法〔起源于英国，为现代法律体系的基础〕 — compare 比较CANON
LAW, CIVIL LAW, CRIMINAL LAW 2 the unwritten law, especially
of England, based on custom and court decisions rather than
on laws made by Parliament 〔尤指英国的)不成文法，习惯法-
compare 比较 STATUTE LAW
common-law /'. / adj [A] according or related to common
law 根据习惯法的；有关普通法的：common-law penalties普通
法中的处罚
common-law hus. band /. . ·/ n a man who lives with a
woman as if he was her husband 事实婚姻的男方，同居婚姻的
丈夫
common-law mar·riage/. ···/n a union between a man
and a woman who live together and agree to call themselves
husband and wife without the performance of a marriage cer-
emony 事实婚姻，同居婚姻
common-law wife /·. '/ n a woman who lives with a man as
if she was his wife 事实婚姻的女方，同居婚姻的妻子
com·mon. ly /`kamenli; 'komenli/ adv 1 usually or generally
通常地，一般地：It was commonly believed/thought that he was
a spy. 一般都认为他是个间谍。| a commonl used I fertilizer
常用化肥 — compare 比较 UNCOMMONLY 2 derog in a COM
MON'(4)manner【贬】粗俗地，粗野地
Common Mar-ket, the /，·. '·/ old-fash【过时】the European
Union 共同市场〔欧盟的前身〕
common noun /，. '/ n (in grammar) a noun that is not the
name of a single particular person, place, or thing 普通名词
'Book' and 'sugar' are common nouns. book 和 sugar是普通
名词。 — compare 比较 PROPER NOUN
common-or-gar·den /，·. '·/ adj [A] infml, especially BrE
ordinary【非正式，尤英】普通的，一般的，常见的：a common-or
garden sewing machine which doesn't do any fancy stitching
不能作花式刺绣的普通缝纫机
com·mon·place'/`kamen, ples; 'komenpleis/ adjordinary; not
regarded as special or unusual 平凡的，普通的：Heart transplant
operations are becoming fairly commonplace. 心脏移植正在
成为相当常见的手术。
commonplace2n a well-known remark with little meaning or
interest 老生常谈；套话：We exchanged a few commonplaces
about our work and the weather. 我们相互寒暄了几句有关工
作与天气的套话。 — compare 比较 PLATITUDE
common room /'·. / n especially BrE a room in a school or
college for the use of teachers and/or students when they are
not teaching or studying【尤英】〔学校的〕师生公共休息室；教员
休息室
com·mons /`kamenz; 'komenz/ n 1 [the+P] old use the ordi-
nary people as opposed to their rulers or people of noble birth
【旧】平民2 [U] BrE lit or pomp meals provided for a large
group of people, e. g. at a college【英，文或夸张】〔大学食堂等
的)伙食：They kept uson short commons. (=didn't give us
enough to eat)他们使我们食不果腹。
Commons, the n the House of Commons, the main part of the
British parliament 〔英国)下议院：We're now going live to the
Commons, where the Prime Minister is about to make an
announcement. 我们正在下议院现场直播，首相马上要发表讲话
了。- — see also 另见 HOUSE OF LORDS
common sense /. '/ n [U] practical good sense and judg-
ment gained from experience, rather than special knowledge
from school or study 常识；情理；〔由经验得来的〕判断力：Al
though she's not very academic she's got plenty of common
sense. 她没有多大的学问，但处事却很通情达理。 — see also 另
见 SENSIBLE - commonsense adj [A]: a commonsense ap-
proach to the problem 按常理处理问题的方法
com. mon. weal /kamen, wil; 'komenwi:l/ n [the+S] lit or pomp
the general good of all the people living in a country【文或夸
张】公益；公共福利
Commonwealth n 1 [the] also 又作 British Commonwealth
especially old use【尤过时】， Commonwealth of Na·tions /，·
· '·/ fml【正式】-- an organization about 50 independent
countries, most of which were formerly part of the British
Empire, established in order to encourage trade and friendly
relations among its members. The British Queen is the head of
the Commonwealth and there is a meeting each year for all its
heads of government. 英联邦〔由50余个独立的国家组成，其中
大多数原为英帝国的一部分，旨在促进成员国之间的贸易和友好关
系。英女王为其首脑，每年召开一次成员国首脑会议〕2[C]the of
ficial title of a some states of the US, e. g. Virginia and Kentucky
〔美国某些〕州<用于诸如弗吉尼亚、肯塔基等州的州名>b some
countries that are officially connected with the US, especially
Puerto Rico〔美国的)自治联邦〔尤指波多黎各)c some countries
made up of a group of states, such as Australia 联邦国家〔如澳
大利亚)3the Commonwealth England during the period 1649-
1660, when there was no king or queen and the country was
ruled by Oliver Cromwell 英国共和政体（时期）〔1649-1660，
当时没有国王和女王，国家由奥利弗·克伦威尔统治〕
com·mon·wealth /kamen wel0; 'kpmenwel0/ n tech, fml, or
lit a country or state【术语，正式或文】国家；政治实体
Commonwealth Games, the /，. . / an international sports
event in which the member countries of the British Common-
wealth compete in various sports, held every four years in one
of the competing countries英联邦运动会〔英联邦成员国之间进
行各项体育比赛的国际体育盛会，每四年一次在其中的一个参赛国
举行〕
com·mo. tion /ke`mofen; ke'meufan/n [C; U] (an example of)
noisy and excited movement or activity 混乱；喧闹；骚动：
\"What's all the commotion about?\" asked the angry teacher
“干什么吵吵嚷嚷的？”老师生气地问。| The announcement of
the new higher taxes caused quite a commotion in Parliament. 
新的增税决定宣布以后，在国会中引起了一场不小的骚动。
com·mu. nal /kamjunl; 'komjnal/ adj 1 shared or used by al
the members of a group 公共的；集体的；共有的；公用的：com-
munal ownership of property 财产的公有 | We organized the
cleaning on a communal basis. 我们在集体参与的基础上组织
了清扫工作。| a communal television room in a hotel 饭店里
的公用电视机室 2 tech of, related to, or based on racial, religious
or language groups【术语】种族（间）的；教派（间）的：commu-
nal riots in India 印度的种族骚乱
com·mune'/kamjun; 'komju:n/ n 1 [+sing. /pl. v] a a group
of people who work as a team, especially in farming, and usu-
ally give what they produce to the state 公社 b a group of
people who live together, though not belonging to the same
family, and who share their lives and possessions. In Britain
and the US in the 1960s many HIPPIEs lived in communes. 群
居团体，群居组织〔20世纪60年代，在英国和美国，许多嬉皮士过
着群居生活)：He ran away from home and joined a commune. 
他离家出走，参加了一个群居团体。2 the smallest division o
0341
local government in some countries, such as France and Belgiun
〔比利时、法国等的〕最小行政区
com·mune2/ke`mjun; ke'mju:n/ v [I(with)] lit to exchange
thoughts or feelings【文】亲密地交谈，谈心：I often walk by the
sea to commune with nature. 我常去海滨散步，陶醉在大自然
中。
com·mu·ni. ca. ble/ke`mjunikebl; ke'mju:nikebel/ adj fml
(especially of thoughts, ideas, illnesses etc)that can be (easily)
passed from one person to another【正式】〔思想、观点等〕可传
播[传达]的；〔疾病等〕可传染的--bly adv
com·mu·ni·cant/ke`mjunikent; ke'mju:nkent/n (in the Chris
tian church) a person who receives COMMUNION〔基督教的〕领
受圣餐者
com·mu·ni·cate/ke`mjune ket; ke'mju:nkeit/ v1 [T (to)] t
make (opinions, feelings, information etc) known or under
stood by others, e. g. by speech, writing, or bodily movements
传达，传递〔意见、感情、消息等)：Our teacher communicates his
ideas very clearly. 我们老师非常清楚地表述自己的想法。| The
Prime Minister has communicated his displeasure to the Ameri-
can ambassador. 首相向美国大使表达了自己的不满。2 [I (with)]
to share or exchange opinions, feelings, information etc交流
意见[感情、消息等]；沟通：He's a shy boy who can't communi-
cate very well. 他是个腼腆的孩子，不大善于同别人交际。| Deaf
people use sign language to communicate. 聋人用手语交谈。|
Bats communicate (with each other) by making high-pitched
noises. 蝙蝠发出高频率的声波来（相互）交流讯息。3 [T(to)
tech to pass on (a disease, heat etc)【术语】传染：传播〔疾病等)：
Some diseases are easily communicated. 有些疾病很容易传
染。4 [I(with)] fml (especially of rooms) to join; be connected
【正式】〔房间〕相通，相连：communicating bedrooms 相通的卧
室 5 [I] (in the Christian church) to receive COMMUNION〔基督
教〕领受圣餐
com·mu·ni·ca·tion/ke, mjune`kefen; ke, mju:n'keifan/n1 [U]
the act or process of communicating 通讯；联络；交往：Com
munication with Europe was difficult during the postal strike
邮电行业罢工期间，与欧洲通讯联系很困难。| Radio is an im-
portant means of communication. 无线电是重要的通讯手段。
We are in radio communication with the spacecraft. 我们用
无线电与宇宙飞船保持通讯联络。| communication links/tech-
nology 通讯联系 [技术] 2 [C] fml something communicated; a
message, letter etc【正式】消息；讯息；书信；口信：He received
a communication from the solicitors telling him that his uncle
had died. 他接到律师的信，说他叔叔去世了。 — see also 另见
COMMUNICATIONS
communication cord/···/ n BrE a chain which a passen
ger can pull to stop a train in an EMERGENCY(=a sudden dan
gerous situation). There is a punishment of a fine3 for pulling
it at any other time. 【英】〔火车上的〕紧急制动索〔非紧急情况拉
动该装置要被处以罚款〕
com·mu·ni. ca. tions/ke, mjune`kefenz; kemju:n'keifanz/
[P(with)] the various ways of travelling, moving goods and
people, and sending information, between places; connections
by means of roads, railways, radio, telephones etc 联络途径
交通；通讯系统：Moscow has excellent communications with
all parts of the Soviet Union, 莫斯科通往苏联境内各地的交通
很便捷。| communications networks/systems 通讯网络[系
统]| The new satellite has improved communications be-
tween Europe and the US. 新卫星改善了欧洲与美国之间的通
讯联系
communication skills/·. ·. / n [P] the ability to present your
ideas clearly in speech and writing. Good communication skills
are considered by employers to be a valuable personal charac
teristic and are often requested in job advertisements, 交际技
能〔说、写时清楚地表达思想的能力，雇主认为良好的交际技能是
宝贵的个性，常常在招聘广告中对此作要求)：The Chairman
wants all our managers to take a course in communication
skills this year. 董事长要求我们所有的经理今年参加一个交际技
能课程。
communications sat·el·lite/··, ·/ also 又作 communica
tion satellite n a man-made object in space which goes around
the Earth sending radio, television, and telephone signals
around the world 通讯卫星
com·mu. ni. ca. tive/ke`mjune ketiv; ke'mju:nketiv/ adj 1 very
willing to talk or give information 爱说话的，健谈的：You're
not very communicative this morning; is anything the matter?
你今天早上不大爱说话，出了什么事吗？ — opposite 反义词 un·
communicative 2 related to communication 通讯的；交际的：
communicative ability 交际能力
om·mu·nion/ke`mjunjen; ke'mju:njen/ n1 [U (between
with)] fml or lit the sharing or exchange of deep thoughts. 
ideas, and feelings, especially of a religious kind【正式或文】
〔思想、观点、感情等的〕交流：communion with nature 与大自
然的交融| a mystical communion between man and God 人
神灵交 | Through the long hours of the night he held com-
munion with(=talked seriously and deeply with) the con-
demned man. 他和那个已被定罪的人严肃地彻夜交谈。2 [C+sing. /
pl. v] a group of people or religious organizations having the
same religious beliefs; DENOMINATION 教派：He belongs to
the Anglican communion. 他是圣公会的信徒
Communion also又作 Holy Communion - n [U] the Chris
tian ceremony in which bread and wine are shared as a sign of
Christ's body and blood to remember him. The Communion
ceremony repeats the actions of Christ at the Last Supper. 圣
餐（仪式）〔其仪式是再现基督最后的晚餐)：The communicants
came up to takelreceive Communion from the priest. (=by
eating the bread and drinking the wine)圣餐领受者走上前来从
教士那里领受圣餐。 — compare 比较 MASS, EUCHARIST; see also
另见 CONSUBSTANTIATION, TRANSUBSTANTIATION
com·mu·ni. que/ke mjune`ke; ke'mju:nkei/ n an official re-
port or declaration, usually to the public or newspapers 公报：
The palace has issued a communiqué denying the allegations. 
宫廷发布公报否认缺乏根据的说法
Communism /`kamju nizm; 'komjnizam/ n [U] 1 the belief
in an economic and political system in which everyone is equal
and there are no social classes, and the production of all goods. 
food etc is controlled by the people. Communism is based or
the ideas of Karl MARX and Friedrich ENGELS. 共产主义〔以卡
尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯的思想为基础〕2 a system of
government based on these principles, in which a single party
(the 'Communist Party') holds complete political power, and
the government controls all economic activity 共产主义政治体
制 — compare 比较 CAPITALISM — see also 另见 MARXISM
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Most people in the US
and the UK think of Communism in relation to the former
Soviet Union. The end of the former Soviet Union in 1991
meant the end of the COLD WAR, a period of bad relations
between the US and the Soviet Union, when many people
were afraid that there would be a NUCLEAR WAR. In the
US during the 1950s and 1960s people were very afraid
of Communism and believed that American Communists
were not loyal to their country. People who supported
Communist ideas were strongly disapproved of, and were
called 'Commies', 'Reds', or 'Pinkos'. Senator Joseph
MCCARTHY tried to find and punish American
Communists, and many people who were thought to be
Communists lost their iobs, and some were sent to prison. 
美国和英国的大部分人把共产主义同前苏联联系在一起，
1991年, 前苏联的解体意味着冷战结束。冷战时期美苏关系
紧张，许多人担心会爆发核战。20世纪50、60年代，美国人
害怕共产主义并且认为美国的共产党员对国家不忠诚。共产
主义者受到强烈反对，他们被称为Commies, Reds或
Pinkos。约瑟夫·麦卡锡参议员曾竭力找出并惩罚美国的共产
党员，许多人因此失业，还有些人被捕入狱。 — see also另
见 HUAC, MCCARTHYISM and see Feature on page B3并
见B3页文化特写
Communist n someone who believes in Communism 共产主
义者 - Communist, communist adj
Communist bloc. the/'·/ also 又作 the Eastern bloc the
former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe which
had Communist governments and were under Soviet influence
especially between the end of World War II and about 1990共
产主义阵营，东欧集团国家〔指第二次世界大战结束至1990年间
的苏联，以及受其影响的由共产党政府执政的东欧国家〕— see
also 另见 WARSAW PACT
Communist Man-i-fes. to, The /. . . . / a book by Karl MARX
and Friedrich ENGELS, written in 1848， which explains the main
ideas of COMMUNISM and describes how society would need
to change in order to achieve this《共产党宣言》〔卡尔·马克
思和弗里德里希·恩格斯于1848年共同撰写的一本书，阐述了共
产主义的主要思想，以及要实现这一目标，社会需要如何进行变
革〕
Communist Par. ty/'·, ·/ n a political party based on the
principles of MARXISM-LENINISM, and believing that most eco
nomic activity (such as factories, banks, and farming) should
be owned or controlled by the government. Many countries in
the world have a Communist Party, and in some western coun-
ries (such as France and Italy), the Communist Party has great
influence. The former SOVIET UNION and most countries of
0342
eastern Europe were governed by Communist Parties until the
beginning of the 1990s, and China is stil ruled by its Commu
nist Party. In the US, Communism is regarded as anti-American
and in the UK the Communist Party (which changed its name
to the Democratic Left in 1991) has very little political
influence. 共产党〔世界上的许多国家都有共产党，在有些西方国
家，如法国和意大利，共产党的势力很大。前苏联以及大部分东欧
国家由共产党一直执政到20世纪90年代初期，中国仍由共产党
执政。在美国，共产主义被认为是反美的。在英国，共产党于1991
年改名为左翼民主党，政治影响极小〕
Community, the an informal name for the European Commu-
nity (now the European Union)欧共体〔现为欧盟〕
com·mu·ni·ty /ke`mjuneti; ke'mju:nti/n1 [C+sing. /pl. v]a
group of people living together and/or united by shared interests
religion, nationality etc 社区；社会；团体；界：the Polish com
munity in Britain 英国的波兰人社区 | The President met lead-
ers of the black community during his visit to Chicago. 总统
在访问芝加哥期间会见了黑人社区的领袖。|rural communities
村落 | the academic community 学术界 | This terrorist at
tack has been condemned by the entireinternational community
(=by all the countries of the world)这次恐怖袭击事件受到整个国
际社会的谴责。 2 [he+S] he public; people in general 公众, 大
众：The job of a politician is to serve the (whole) community. 政
治家的职责是为（全体）大众服务。|community singing (=singing
in which all present may take part)〔在场的人一起参加的〕大合
唱 — see 参见 SOCIETY (USAGE) 3 [U (of)] shared posses
sion 共有，共享：community of property/companies, 财产共有
公司共有 |The two men were united bycommunity of interests
(=by having the same aims and needs)共同的利益使两个人结
合在一起。4 [C] tech a group of plants or animals living to-
gether in the same surroundings, dependent on each other for
the means of existence【术语】群落〔同生一处的植物或同居一处
的动物〕
community care /，. . '/ n [U] help from the SOCIAL SERVICES
for people who would once have had to live in institutions. 
e. g. mentally ill people, so that they can live in their own homes
in the local community. This is a recent British government
idea, and there is some concern that not all these people will
be able to manage without the special care of the people who
worked at the institution. 社区关怀〔社会福利事业给予本该住
在公共机构的人，如精神病患者的帮助，以使他们能够住在当地社
区自己的家里。这是英国政府近来的一个计划，有人担心离开了有
公共机构从业经验者的特殊护理，这些人不是全部都能独立生活
的〕
community cen. tre /'·. ，. ·/ n a building where people from a
certain area or group can meet for social, educational, or other
purposes 社区活动中心
community chan·nel/·'·, ·/ also 又作 public access chan·
nel n a television CHANNEL provided by most CABLE televi-
sion companies (in the US) which enables people served by
the company to broadcast their own programmes or other in-
formation 公众电视频道〔美国大部分有线电视公司提供的一个频
道，能使用户通过它来播放自己的节目或其他信息
community charge /. '. / [the] (in Britain) the official name
of a local tax introduced by the Conservative Party. It began to
be collected in Scotland in 1989 and in England and Wales in
1990. It was based on each adult person paying the same
amount, and replaced the RATES (=a local tax based on
property). It was usually known as the POLL TAX. It was gene
rally unpopular, e. g. because a poor family in one house might
have to pay a lot more than quite a rich single person living
next door. After a lot of trouble, and some RIOTS, the Conser-
vative government announced in 1990 that the community
charge would be replaced in 1993 by the COUNCIL TAX. 共同税
〔英国保守党推行的一种地方税的正式名称。苏格兰于1989年开
始征收，英格兰和威尔士则于1990年开始征收。基本做法是成年
人缴纳同样的税金并以此取代了房地产税，一般被人称为人头税
这一税项普遍不受欢迎，举个例子来说，因为住在一起的贫困家庭
有可能比隔壁较为富有的一个单身汉缴纳更多的税金。几经周折，
甚至还发生了骚乱，1990年保守党政府终于宣布于1993年以房
地产税取而代之〕
community chest /'··/ n 1 especially AmE an amount of
money collected by the people and businesses of an area to
help people in need【尤美】社区福利基金，公益金 2 a square on
which you can land in the board game Monopoly 强手棋棋盘
上的方格
community col-lege /·'· ，·/ also 又作 junior college n [C
U](in the US) a COLLEGE(3) which is generally attended by
students who live at home rather than at the college 〔美国的)
社区学院
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 It costs much less to go
to a community college than to go to a university. Many
students study there for two years before going to a uni-
versity to do the final two years of a degree course. Other
students who go to a community college do not intend to
go to university, and study practical subjects that will help
them get a job. Working people also attend community
colleges to improve their knowledge and skills. 上社区学
院比上一般大学花费要少得多。许多学生在那里学习两年以
后再进大学学习最后两年的学位课程。有的学生上社区学院
并不是为了进大学，而是学习对找工作有帮助的实用课程。在
职员工也上社区学院以提高自身的知识水平和技能
community coun. cil /. . ·. '·/n 1 a form of local government
in Wales 〔威尔士〕地方议会 2 a local advisory body in Scot-
land with no political authority〔苏格兰〕地方顾问委员会
community home /'. ，. / n (in Britain) a special school for
young people who have broken the law. They live and receive
training there. It replaces the old APPROVED SCHOOL and RE-
MAND HOME. 〔英国的〕少年管教所〔取代了旧时的少年感化院和
少年拘留所〕 — see also 另见 REFORMATORY
community po. li. cing /，. . . /n [U] a system for preventing
crime and encouraging good relations between the police and
the public, by having the same policemen working in a par-
ticular area so that the people in that area know and trust them
社区警务制〔通过在某一地区配备固定的警务人员以得到当地民众
的了解和信任，从而能预防犯罪和促进警民友好关系的一种做法)
community prop. er·ty /. '. . ，. . / n [U] law (in the US) prop-
erty such as houses or land etc bought by either a husband or
wife but considered to be owned by both【律】〔美国〕夫妻共有
财产
community ser. vice/. , . . . / n [U] 1 VOLUNTARY WORK done
to help other people within the local COMMUNITY社区（志愿）
服务：Her care of the retired people in the home is an out
standing example of community service, 她照顾在家的退休老
人是社区服务的一个典范。2 a punishment given by a court for
certain less important crimes, according to which an offender
must do socially useful work, e. g. repairing old people's homes
or helping HANDICAPPED children, instead of going to prison
(作为轻度犯罪惩罚的)社会服务：a sentence of 100 hours of
community service 被罚进行100小时社会服务的判决
com·mu·ta·ble /ke`mjutebl; ke'mju:tebal/ adj that can be com
muted(COMMUTE1(2, 3)〔刑罚等〕可以减轻的；可以交换[兑
换]的；可以抵偿的
com·mu·ta·tion /kamju`tefen; komj'teifan/ n 1 [C; U(from. 
to)] (a) reduction in a punishment 减刑：The court ordered the
commutation of his sentence from death to life imprisonment. 
法院宣布把他的死刑减为无期徒刑。2 [U (into, for)] fml the act
of exchanging one thing for another【正式】交换；转换 3 [C
tech a payment of one sort made instead of an equal payment
of another sort【术语】抵偿：抵偿金
commutation tick. et /，. ·'·，. ·/ n AmE a ticket sold at a re-
duced price by a railway or bus company for a fixed number of
trips between two places during a fixed period of time【美】〔—
定时间内在固定线路上使用，有次数限制的)长期车票：定期票，通
勤票 — compare 比较 SEASON TICKET
com·mu. ta. tive /ke`mjutetiv; ke'mju:tetiv/ adj tech not de-
pending on the order in which an operation is carried out【术
语】交换的：可换的：Addition is commutative, but subtraction
is not. 加法运算（顺序）可以互换，减法却不行
com·mu·ta. tor /kamju teto-; 'komjteite/ n tech an apparatus
used in electric motors, machines etc, for changing the direc-
tion of flow of an electric current【术语】整流器：电流换向器
com·mute /ke`mjut; ke'mju:t/v1 [I (between, from, to)] to
travel regularly a long distance between your home and work. 
especially by train or car. Many people in Britain now com-
mute to work, especially into London. In the US, people have
to commute in most of the large cities. People who commute
are usually WHITE-COLLAR workers〔经常乘火车或汽车〕往来
〔于工作地点与住所之间〕，通勤〔现在许多英国人乘火车或汽车上
下班，尤其是在伦敦上班的人。在美国，多数大城市里的人上下班
时必须乘火车或汽车，这些人一般是白领工人)：She commutes
from Cambridge to London/between Cambridge and London
every day. 她每天往来于剑桥与伦敦之间。| a suburb within
easy commuting distance of the city 离市区不太远、上下班可
乘公交车辆往返的郊外住宅区 — see also 另见 COMMUTER 2
[T(from, to)] to make (a punishment) less severe 减轻〔罚
等)：His sentence was
s commuted from death to life imprison
ment. 对他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。3 [T (into. for)] to ex-
0343
change(one thing, especially one kind of payment) for another
交换；兑换；折合；折偿：He commuted his pension intolfor a
lump sum. 他把退休金一次领清，拿了一大笔钱。 — see also另
见COMMUTABLE, COMMUTATION
commute2n infml the trip made in commuting【非正式】上下
班路程：It's a long commute from New York to Boston. 住在
纽约去波士顿上班可不近。
com. mut. er/ke`mjute; ke'mju:te/ n a person who commutes
to work every day 乘公共交通车辆上下班的人，通勤者：a
crowded commuter train 挤满了上下班乘客的列车
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US, people mainly
think of commuters as people who spend a long time driv-
ing to work, especially because of TRAFFIC JAMS. In the
UK, the STEREOTYPE of a commuter is of a person wearing
formal business clothes who sits and reads a newspaper on
the train to the office and does not talk to anyone else. 在
美国，大部分人印象中的通勤者驾车上班得花很长时间，尤其
是因为塞车。在英国通勤者的典型形象是穿着正式的商务服
装、在去上班的火车上或坐或立读着报纸，不与其他人搭话。
commuter belt/'. / n an area around a large town from
which many people commute to work every day. (In Britain, 
this is mostly used about the area around London. )乘[驾]车
上下班者的居住地带〔在英国，主要指伦敦附近地区〕
com. pact1/kem`paekt; kem'paekt/ adj 1 firmly and closely
packed together; DENSE 紧密的；密集的：The trees grew in a
compact mass. 树木长得很茂密。2 small but cleverly made or
arranged; fitting neatly into a small space 小巧的；紧凑的：a
compact officelcamera 布置得井井有条的小办公室；精巧的袖
珍照相机3 expressed in few words; CONCISE简洁的，精练的：
a compact statement 简洁的声明 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
com. pact2/`kampaekt; 'kompaekt/ n 1 a small flat container
for a woman's FACE POWDER, a POWDER PUFF, and a mirror
〔妇女用的〕带镜小粉盒2 also 又作 compact car /· / - AmE
a small car【美】小型汽车
compact3n fml an agreement between two or more people, 
countries etc【正式】协定；协议；契约；合同：banking compacts
金融协议 | [+to-v] They made a compact never to speak about
the matter again. 他们达成协议，以后再也不提此事。
com. pact4/kem`paekt; kem'paekt/ v [T] to press together firmly
and closely 把·压结实；把·压紧：a compacted mass of snow
压得很结实的雪团
compact disc, compact disk /，· / also 又作 CD - n a small
circular piece of hard plastic on which high-quality recorded
sound or large quantities of information can be stored. In Brit-
ain and the US, it has largely replaced the RECORD2(4). 激光唱
片；〔电脑的〕光碟，光盘〔在英国和美国已大大取代了唱片〕
compact disc play. er, compact disk player /. ·. . ·/ also又
作 CD player - n a piece of equipment which can turn the
information stored on a COMPACT DISC back into the original
sounds, music etc 激光唱机：a portable compact disc player
一台便携式激光唱机
*com. pan. ion /kem`paenjen; kem'paenjen/ n 1 especially lit a
person who goes somewhere with or spends time with another, 
either because of friendship or by chance【尤文】同伴；伴侣；伙
伴：a close companion 亲密的伙伴| a travelling companion
旅伴|My fellow prisoners made/were good companions. 我
狱中的难友成了我的好伙伴。|(fig. 喻)The fear of being dis-
covered was his constant companion. (=he was continuously
afraid of being discovered. )他总提心吊胆的，惟恐被人发现。一
compare 比较 COMRADE, PARTNER 2(especially formerly)a
person, usually a woman, paid to live with another (often older
or ill)person〔尤指旧时〕受雇陪伴老人或病人者〔一般为女性)：
The old lady's companion always drives the car. 那辆汽车总
是由那位老妇人雇的女伴驾驶。 — compare 比较PARTNER 3[(to)]
either of a pair or set of things; one thing that matches another
成对[成双]物之一；与另一物相配之物：I used to have a com-
panion to that vase, but I broke it. 我那个花瓶以前是一对，但
我把另一个打碎了。|a companion volume 成套书中的一卷；
上册或下册4(usually in titles)a book which explains how to
do something; HANDBOOK〔一般用作书名)指南；手册；参考书：
the Motorist's Companion 汽车驾驶者指南
com·pan·ion-a. ble /kem`paenjenebl; kem'paenjenebel/ adj
friendly; showing a friendly relationship友善的；表示友好的：
a companionable evening together playing cards 朋友在一起
打牌的晚间聚会|a companionable silence (=comfortable even
though no one spoke)虽无人说话，但大家感到很舒适的沉默-
-bly adv
Companion of Hon. our, the/. . . /a special title of honour
that is given by the British queen or king to someone who has
achieved something very important for the country. A person
who receives this title can use the letters CH after his or her
name. 荣誉勋爵〔由英国女王或国王授予对国家作出极重要贡献
的人的一项特别荣誉头衔，获得者可以在自己的姓名后加上字母
CH)
com·pan-ion-ship/kem`paenjenfip; kem'paenjenfip/ n [U] the
relationship of companions; friendly company伙伴关系；友情，
友谊：He missed the companionship he'd enjoyed in the navy. 
他怀念在海军服役时军中战友间的情谊。
com·pan. ion. way/kem`paenjen we; kem'paenjenwei/ n the
steps leading from the one DECK(=floor) of a ship to another
〔船的〕升降口扶梯 — compare 比较GANGPLANK
*com. pa. ny/`kampeni; 'kampeni/ n 1 [C+sing. /pl. v] an organ-
ization made up of people who work together for purposes of
business or trade 公司，商号：a pharmaceutical company 药物
公司|insurance companies 保险公司 |to form a new com-
pany 组建新公司| a private/public/state-owned company 私
营[私人]公司；〔向公众出售股份的〕上市公司；国营公司Which
company do you work for?你在哪家公司工作？ | My company
sells farm machinery. 我的公司出售农业机械。|(in names)
Robinson and Company〔用于名称)鲁滨逊公司 — see also另
见HOLDING COMPANY, PUBLIC COMPANY 2 [C+sing. /pl. v] a
group of entertainers who work together 文艺团体：a theatre/
dance company 剧团；舞团 | The Royal Shakespeare Com-
pany 皇家莎士比亚剧团 3 [U] the presence of another person; 
companionship 陪伴；交往：Would you like some company?
你希望有人作伴吗？ | I was grateful for Jean's company on
the long journey up to Edinburgh. 我很感激琼在去爱丁堡的漫
长旅途中与我做伴。4[U+sing. /pl. v] companions; the people
with whom a person spends time 常在一起的熟朋友：pleasant
company 令人愉快的同伴 | The people at this party are re-
ally boring- present company excepted, of course!(=I don't
include you)出席这次聚会的人真是叫人感到无聊，当然，我说的
不是在场的诸位。5 [U] one or more guests客人，宾客：No, you
can't go out tonight; we're expecting company. 不行，你今晚
不能出去，我们有客人来。| You should never swear in company. 
(=when guests are present)你决不能在客人面前开口骂人。6[C+
sing. /pl. v] a a group of about 120 soldiers, usually part of a
REGIMENT or BATTALION〔陆军编制的)连 b officers and men
of a ship 全体船员 7 be good/bad companyto be a good/bad
person to be with 是有趣[乏味]的伙伴：John's rather
depressed; he's not very good company at the moment. 约翰
现在情绪低落，现在跟他在一起可没多大意思。8be in good com-
panyhumor to be in the same (usually difficult) situation as
another person【幽】处于与另一人同样的（困难）境地：“Why are
we going to France?I can't speak a word of French. \"\"Don't
worry, you're in good company - neither can I!” “我们为什
么要到法国去？我连一句法语都不会讲。” “别着急，彼此彼此，我
0344
也不会讲！”9 keep someone company to be, go, remain et
with someone; provide companionship 陪伴某人，与某人做伴
If you're going out for a walk, I'll come along and keep you
company. 你要是出去散步，我来陪你做个伴吧。10 two's com
pany, three's a crowd saying two people can spend time hap. 
pily together, but if there are more than two this may be a
problem. The phrase is used especially about two people who
are sexually attracted to each other not wanting a third person
to spoil the amount of attention they can give to each other
【谚】两人结伴，三人不欢〔这句话尤用于指两个互有好感的异性不
希望有第三者来打扰他们〕
company car/, . . '/ n a car which is provided for a person by
their employer, either because they have to travel in order to
do their job or because they have an important job and the car
is a kind of reward. It is available for their private use. In Brit-
ain a company car is seen as a STATUS SYMBOL by many people
[因工作需要或因职位重要而作为奖励的)公司提供给雇员的汽车
〔在英国，许多人视之为地位的象征)：a salary of f25, 000 plus
a company car薪水25, 000英镑外加公司提供的一辆汽车
company law/. · '/ n [U] the area of law that concerns how
businesses operate and what their responsibilities to each other
to customers, and to governments are 公司法
company sec-re-ta. ry /，. · '·. /n especially BrE a high-ranking
member of a business company who deals with accounts, legal
matters etc【尤英】公司秘书〔负责财务或法律事务等的高级职员)
Com-pag/kampaek: 'kpmpaek/ trademark a large US com-
puter company that makes all types of computer equipment. 
including many PCS(=personal computers) for the home and
for business. In 1998 Compag took control of Digital, another
large computer company. 【商标】康柏公司〔美国大型电脑设备制
造商，产品包括家用和商用个人电脑。1998年该公司把另一大型
电脑制造商数字公司网罗到旗下〕
com·pa. ra·ble /kamperebl; 'komparebal/ adj [(with, to)
1 similar; that can be compared; EOUIVALENT 类似的，同类
的，相当的：A comparable car would cost far more abroad. 类
似的车子在国外要贵得多。| a system for ensuring that people
doing comparable jobs receive comparable rates of pay 一种
保证做同等工作的人获得同等工资的制度2 deserving to be com
pared 可比较的：比得上的：His poetry isn't bad, but it's hardly
comparable with Shakespeare's!他的诗写得不错，但很难与莎
士比亚的诗相比。 — see also 另见 INCOMPARABLE - -bly ady
--bility /kampere`bileti; kompare'bilti/ n [U]: a system of
public pay comparability 公薪比较制
com·par·a·tive'/kem`paeretiv; kem'paeretiv/ adj [no comp. 无
比较级]1(of the form of an adjective or adverb)expressing an
ncrease in quality, quantity, or degree〔形容词或副词的)比较
级的：'Bigger'is the comparative form of 'big'. bigger是big
的比较级形式。|‘More comfortable'is the comparative form
of 'comfortable'. more comfortable 是 comfortable的比较级
形式。|'Worse' is the comparative form of 'bad', and also
of 'badly', worse 是 bad及 badly 的比较级形式。 — compare 
比较 POSITIVE'(5), SUPERLATIVE'(1) 2 measured or judged by
a comparison which is not stated 相比之下的，相比而言的，相
对的：the comparative wealth of the south of England (=its
wealth compared with the rest of the country)英格兰南部相对
而言的富有 | He's a comparative newcomer to television. (=he
has been on television before, but not often)他在电视上出现的
次数相对来说不多。|a comparative stranger 相对陌生的人
3 based on or making a comparison比较的：a comparative
study of European languages 欧洲语言的比较研究 | a collec-
tion of comparative statistical data about different countries
批关于不同国家的比较统计资料
comparative2 also 又作 comparative degree /·，. · . / - 
[the+S] the form of an adjective or adverb that shows some
increase in quality, quantity, or degree 比较级：'Bigger'is the
comparative of'big'. bigger 是 big 的比较级。|'More com
fortable'is the comparative of 'comfortable'. more comfor
table 是comfortable 的比较级。
com·par. a. tive. ly /kem`paeretivli; kem'paeretvli/ adv 1 when
compared with others; rather 比较地；相对地：Man is a com
paratively new creature on the face of the earth. 相对而言，人
是地球上出现得较晚的生物。| Comparatively speaking, these
aircraft are quite cheap. 比较而言，这些飞机是相当便宜的。2
in a COMPARATIVE' (3) way 用比较方法：two languages to study
comparatively两种作比较研究的语言
*com·pare'/kem`per: kem'pee/ y 1 [T (to, with)] to examine
or judge (one thing) in relation to another thing in order to
show the points of similarity or difference比较；对照：The re-
port compares the different types of home computer currently
available. 报告比较了目前在市面出售的各种型号的家用电脑。
I compared the copy with the original, and/but there wasn'
much difference. 我比较了复印本和原件，不过差别不是很大。
Compare our prices! (=with those of other shops, which are
higher)比较一下我们标的价钱吧，哪儿能有我们这儿这么便宜！
Our staff turnover is low compared with other companies. 同
其他公司相比，我们雇员的流动率不大。| Compared to a stu
dent grant the pay is quite good. 与给学生的补助金相比，这工
资就相当不错了。2 [T] to show a similarity between (one thing
and another)比较（两者）之间的相同之处：It's impossible to
compare London and New York/to compare the two cities. 
they're quite different. 伦敦与纽约[这两个城市]是无法相比
的; 它们不同之处颇多。 3 [I (with)] t be worthy of compari-
son 比得上：1983 was an excellent year for wine - I'm afraid
this year's doesn't compare. (=is not nearly so good) 1983年
是葡萄酒的好年成，恐怕今年是比不上啦。| Life/Living in a
town can't compare with lifelliving in the country. (=life in
the country is much better)乡村的生活比城镇的生活好得多。
She was pleased to discover that her work compared
favourably with her older sister's. 她高兴地发现她的功课比
她姐姐的做得还好。4 compare notes infml to talk about each
other's experiences and opinions of something【非正式】交流
体会：交换意见：We've been comparing notes on our trips to
India. 我们一直在谈我们印度之行的见闻感想。5 Shall I com-
pare thee to a summer's day? quote a phrase from a poem by
SHAKESPEARE, describing how beautiful a particular woman
was【引】能不能让我把你比做夏日？〔引自莎士比亚的一首诗，形
容某位女子的美丽〕
USAGE 用法说明 Compare can be followed by to or
with. 动词 compare 后可接 to 或 with: London is large
compared to/with Paris. (与巴黎相比，伦敦较大。) Com. 
pare to is often used when showing that two things are
alike. 在表示两物相似的情况下常使用compare to: The poet
compares the woman he loves to a rose. (=says she is
like a rose) （这位诗人把他所钟情的女人比做玫瑰花。） Com-
pare with is often used when looking at the ways in which
two things are like and unlike each other. 在比较两物的异
同时则常使用 compare with: If we compare French
schools with British schools, we find there are many
differences. (我们如果把法国的学校与英国的学校相比，会发
现有许多不同之处。)
compare2n bevond/without compare especially lit to a very
high degree【尤文】无与伦比；无双，绝伦：beauty/beautiful be-
yond compare 无与伦比的美
com·pa. ri·son /kem`paeresn; kem'paersan/ n 1 [U (with)] the
act of comparing 比较，对照：By comparison with London, Paris
is small. 与伦敦相比，巴黎较小。| The driver's injuries were
trivial in comparison with those suffered by his passenger. 司
机受的伤与乘客相比就微不足道了。|My garden doesn't stand
bear comparison with his. (=his garden is much nicer) 我的花园
无法与他的相比。2 [C (between, with)] a statement of the points
of similarity and difference between two things 经比较得出的结
论：He drew(=made) a comparison between(=compared) reli-
gion and superstition. 他对宗教与迷信做了比较。3[U(between)]
similarity 相似，类似：There is no comparison between fro-
zen and fresh fish. (=fresh fish is better)冷冻鱼跟新鲜鱼没法
比。4 [U] tech (in grammar) the changing of the form of an
adverb or adjective to show the three degrees of POSITIVE. 
COMPARATIVE, and SUPERLATIVE【术语】〔语法上副词或形容词
的〕比较（变化）
com·part·ment /kem`partment; kem'pa:tment/ n any of the
parts into which an enclosed space, e. g. a railway carriage or
box, is divided 分隔间；列车车厢：We sat in a second-class
compartment. 我们坐在二等车厢。| the ice compartment in a
fridge 冰箱里的冷冻格 — see also 另见 GLOVE COMPARTMENT
com·part·men·tal·ize also 又作-ise BrE【英】/kempart-
`mentlaiz; kompa:t'mentlaiz/ v [T] to divide into separate
compartments, divisions etc; CATEGORIZE分隔；划分；把··. 分类：
compartmentalized information分类资料 -- -ization /kampart-
mentle`zefen; kompa:t, mentlai'zeifan/n[U]
com·pass /`kvmpes; 'kvmpes/ n 1 an instrument for showing
direction, consisting of a freely moving pointer which always
turns to the MAGNETIC NORTH 罗盘，指南针 — see 参见 IN
STRUMENT (USAGE) 2 also_又作 compasse pl. -- a V-I-shaped
instrument used for drawing circles, measuring distances on
maps etc 圆规：a pair of compasses 一只圆规 3 [usually sing. 
一般用单数] fml an area or range of interest, activity etc; SCOPI
【正式】界限；范围：Finance is not within the compass of this
department. 财政不在这个部门的管辖范围之内。 — see also 另
0345
见 box the compass(BOX2)
com·pas. sion /kem`paefen; kem'paefan/ n [U(for, on)] sym
pathy for the sufferings of others, causing a desire to help them
同情（心）；怜悯：She felt/had/showed great compassion for
the sick children. 她深深同情那些生病的孩子
com·pas. sion. ate /kem`paefenit; kem'paefant/ adj[(towards)
feeling or showing compassion 有同情心的；表示同情的 -
~ly adv
compassionate leave /. . / n [U] special permission to leave
work or military service for a short time for personal reasons
e. g. the death of a relative 〔由于亲友死亡等原因而特准的〕私事
假：The soldier was given compassionate leave to attend his
mother's funeral, 那位士兵被特准休假去参加母亲的葬礼
compassion fa·tigue /. '. / n [U] the state of being tired of
being sympathetic especially to the problems of less fortunate
people or animals, caused by hearing and/or seeing too much
about the problem 同情疲劳〔因耳闻目睹太多不幸而不会再产生
同情心的状态)：I think I must have compassion fatigue. I just
can't get interested in this programme, 我想我一定是耳闻目
睹得太多了，以致生不起同情心来。对这项计划我就是提不起兴
趣。
compass point /'· / n any of the 32 marks on a COMPASS
showing direction 罗经（方位）点
com·pat·i·bil. i·ty /kem, paeti`biliti; kem, paet'bilti/n[U(with)
the ability to exist together or to be used together 适应能力；相
容性，兼容性
com·pat·i·ble'/kem`paetebl; kem'paetabel/ adj [(with)]1 able
to exist or live together 可以并存的；相容的；协调的；一致的
Their marriage ended because they were simply not compatible
他们的婚姻了结了，因为他们完全合不来。|compatible blooa
groups 相容的血型 | This project is not compatible with the
company's long-term plans. 这个方案与公司的长远计划不-
致。 — opposite 义词 incompatible 2 able to be used to-
gether or with (another thing)兼容的：Is your computer com
patible with the Lotus spreadsheet program?你的电脑可以和
莲花公司的电子表格程序兼容吗？|[after n 用于名词后] Is this
software Apple Macintosh compatible?这种软件可以和苹果
麦金托什电脑兼容吗？- -bly adv
compatible2n a piece of equipment, such as a computer or a
computer PROGRAM, that can be used with the stated other type
of equipment 〔电脑〕兼容机；兼容软件：a computer workshop
for those who have just acquired an IBM compatible 一个为
刚买了国际商用机器公司兼容机的人开设的讲习班| MS-DOSis
the operating system used by IBM personal computers and
their compatibles such as Amstrad 8512. 微软公司的磁盘操
作系统是国际商用机器公司的个人电脑及其兼容机阿姆斯特拉德
8512等所使用的操作系统
com·pat. ri. ot /kem`petriet; kem'paetriet/ n fml a person who
was born in or is a citizen of the same country as another【正
式】同胞，同国人：He tried to avoid spending too much time
with his compatriots when he lived abroad. 他住在国外时，尽
量避免与同胞经常待在一起。
com·peer /kem`pir; 'kompie'/ n fml or old use a person of equal
rank, especially a companion【正式或旧】地位相同的人；伙伴
com·pel /kem`pel; kem'pel/ v-ll- [T] 1 [+obj+to-v] to make(a
person or thing) do something, by force, moral persuasion, or
orders that must be obeyed 强迫；强求；强使：Employees are
compelled to join the company's pension plan after a year's
service. 雇员在服务一年后必须加入公司的退休金计划。| His
conscience compelled him to admit his part in the affair. 他
的良心驱使他承认自己曾参与该事件。2 fml to cause (a feeling
event etc) to exist or happen, as if by force【正式】使发生；引起
Lack of funds for the campaign compelled his withdrawal. 由
于缺乏资金，他不得不退出竞选。| a degree of political skill
that compels our admiration 使我们不得不佩服的一种政治手
段 — compare 比较 IMPEL; see also 另见 COMPULSION
com·pel-ling /kem`pelin; kem'pelin/ adj 1 that holds your
attention, especially by being exciting 激动人心的，扣人心弦
的：a compelling adventure story 扣人心弦的冒险故事 2 that
compels you to do something 强制性的；令人信服的：I have no
compelling reasons to refuse. 我没有令人信服的理由去拒绝。
compelling arguments for accepting this proposal （人们听了）
不得不接受这个提议的充分论据 — ~ly adv
com·pen. di·ous /kem`pendies; kem'pendies/ adj fml (of books
etc) giving information in a short but complete form【正式】
〔书等〕简明扼要的 — ~ly adv
com·pen·di·um /kem`pandiem; kem'pendiem/n-diums on
dia /-die; -die/ [(of)] fml (a book containing) a short but de-
tailed and complete account of facts, a subject etc【正式】概略
概要，纲要；手册：a compendium of useful information 有用的
资料简编
com·pen·sate /kampen set; 'kompenseit/ v1 [T (for)] to pro
vide with a suitable payment for some loss, damage, inconve-
nience etc 赔偿；补偿：Many firms compensate their workers
if they are injured at work. 许多公司都对因工负伤的工人给予
赔偿。2 [I(for)] to act as a balance (for); remove the bad ef-
fect (of) 弥补；抵消：Her intelligence more than compensates
for her lack of experience. 以她的聪颖弥补她的经验不足是绰
绰有余的。| Nothing can compensate for losing my husband
什么东西都无法补偿我失去丈夫的损失。- -satory /kem`panse
tori; kompen'seiteri/ adj: compensatory payments 赔款
com·pen·sa·tion /kampen`sefen; , kompen'seifan/ n [S; U
(for)] something (especially money) given as a way of com-
pensating 补偿[赔偿]物；补偿[赔偿]金：The union is seeking
compensation for two factory workers who were dismissed
last week. 工会正在为上星期被解雇的两名工人争取补偿金。
The travel agents offered them f200in compensation for
their lost holiday. 旅游代理商付给他们200英镑作为他们未能
度假的赔偿。| a compensation claim 索赔要求 — compare 比
较CONSOLATION, RECOMPENSE
com-pere' /kamper; 'kompee'/ n BrE a person who introduces
the various acts in a television stage show or other presentation
【英】节目主持人
compere2v [I; T] BrE to act as the compere of (a television or
stage show)【英】主持〔节目〕；当··节目主持人
*com·pete /kem`pit; kem'pi:t/ v [I(with, against, for)] to try to
win something in competition with someone else 竞争：争夺：
to compete with/against a rival company 与相抗衡的公司竞
争 | She and her sister are always competing for attention
她和她姐姐总是争着出风头。| The government has to recon-
cile the competing demands for tax cuts and higher public
spending. 政府不得不协调削减税收与增加公共开支这两种互相
冲突的要求。| [+to-v] Several advertising agencies are com
peting to get the contract. 几家广告公司相互竞争要得到那项
合同。 — see also 另见 COMPETITION. COMPETITOR
com·pe·tence /kampetens; 'komptens/ also又作 com·pe·ten·cy
/-tensi; -tensi/ rare【罕】- n 1 [U] ability to do what is needed; 
skill 能力；技能：I'm only worried about his attitude to the
job; his competence (as a designer) is not in question, 我只担
心他对那项工作的态度，他（作为设计者）的能力是不成问题的。
 — opposite 反义词 incompetence 2 [U] tech【术语】a the
powers of a court of law〔法院的)权限；管辖权：The case is
beyond this court's competence. 这个案件不是本法庭所能处
理的。b the qualities necessary for a person to be admitted to a
court of law (e. g. as a witness), such as having the right citi-
zenship 〔证人等的〕出庭资格 3 [S] lit or old use enough money
to live on comfortably【文或旧】足以过舒适生活的钱财
com·pe·tent /kampetent; 'komptent/ adj1 having the ability
or skill to do something 有能力的，胜任的，称职的：a compe-
tent swimmer 有实力的游泳选手 | My secretary is perfectly
competent, but she doesn't have much initiative, 我的秘书完
全能胜任工作，但是她不够主动。| [+to-v] His French seems
quite good to me, but then I'm not really competent to judge
他的法语在我看来好像很不错，不过我其实没有资格作评判。
opposite 反义词 incompetent 2 showing competence; satis-
factory 表现出能力的；令人满意的：He did a competent job. 他
的活儿干得相当出色。3 [F] having the legal power to deal with
something 有法定权力的：[+to-v] This court is not competent
to hear your case. 本法庭无权受理你的案子。 — ~ly adv
*com. pe. ti. tion /kampe`tifen; komp'tifan/ n 1 [C] a test of
strength, skill, ability etc 比赛，竞赛：to go in forlenter a com-
petition 参加比赛| a crossword competition 填字比赛 | [+to
y] a competition to find a designer for the new airport build-
ing 为新机场大楼选拔设计师而举行的竞赛2[U(with, between. 
for)] the act of competing; the struggle between several people
or groups to win something or gain an advantage; RIVALRY 竞
争：There was intense/keen/fierce competition between the
journalists to get the story. 记者们为获得消息而进行了激烈的
竞争。| He wasin competition with some world-class
runners, so he did well to win the race. 同他一起赛跑的是-
些世界级选手，因此他能取胜确属表现不凡。| The two products/
companies are in direct competition. (=are/produce similar
products at similar prices)两种产品[两家公司]在进行针锋相
对的竞争。| They believe that competition in business ben
efits the consumer. 他们认为商业竞争对消费者是有好处的。
3 [U] the (other) competitors 竞争者：比赛对手：Anyone want-
ing to enter the computer business faces tough competition
任何想进入电脑行业的人都面临着强硬的竞争对手。|It'simpor
tant in business to keep a careful watch on the competition. 
经商中密切注意竞争对手是很重要的。| They had to keep their
0346
prices low because of foreign competition. 由于有外国的竞争
者，他们不得不保持低价格
com·pet·i. tive/kem`petetiv; kem'pettiv/ adj1 of, based on
or decided by competition 竞争[竞赛]的：取决于竞争[竞赛]
的：the competitive nature of private industry 私营企业的竞争
性 | competitive sports 竞技性体育项目 2 liking to compete
好竞争的；好强的：Jane's got a very competitive nature. 简这
个人天性好强。3 (of a price, product, or producer) able to com-
pete because it is at least as good, cheap etc as the competitors
〔价格、产品或生产者〕具有竞争力的：I always shop at that
supermarket; its prices are very competitive. 我总在那个超级
市场买东西，因为那儿的价钱比别处便宜。|Because of the high
exchange rate. our products have lost their competitive edge
(=their ability to compete successfully)由于汇兑率很高，我们
的产品失去了竞争优势。 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
*com·pet. i. tor/kem`petete; kem'petate/ n a person, team, firm
product etc competing with another or others; RIVAL 竞争者：
比赛者：对手：There were ten competitors in the race. 有十个
选手参加赛跑。| We lost the contract to our competitors. 我
们未能竞争过对手，他们获得了承包合同。
com·pi·la. tion/ kampl`efen; kpmp'leifan/ n 1 [U] the act or
process of compiling 汇编；编纂，编辑 2 [C] a report, collec-
tion of writings etc, that has been compiled 汇编物；编纂物，编
辑物
com·pile/kem`pail; kem'pail/ v [T] to make (a report, a book
etc) from facts and information found in various places 编纂
编辑；编制，汇编：It takes years of work to compile a dictionary. 
编纂一本字典要花好多年工夫
com·pil-er/kem`paile: kem'paile/n 1 a person who compiles
information for a report, a book etc 汇编者；编辑者，编纂者 2 tech
a PROGRAM which translates a computer language (such as
BASIC) which is understood by the PROGRAMMER into a lan-
guage (such as MACHINE CODE) which is understood by the
computer【术语】〔电脑的〕编译程序
com·pla. cen. cy/kem`plesnsi; kem'pleisansi/ also 又作 com. -
pla·cence /-sns; -sans/ - n [U] usually derog a feeling of
satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, especially with-
out good reason【一般贬】自满，自鸣得意：The state of the economy
is increasingly desperate:I can see no justification for the
government's complacency. 经济形势每况愈下，我看不出政府
有什么理由沾沾自喜
com·pla. cent/kem`plesnt; kem'pleisant/ adj[(about)] usually
derog pleased or satisfied with yourself or with a situation. 
often unreasonably; not worrying, even though you perhaps
should be【一般贬】自满的，自鸣得意的：After so many wins we
grew/got complacent and thought we'd never lose - so of
course we lost the next match! 赢了许多场以后，我们得意忘形
了，以为我们决不会输，因此我们在接下来的比赛中当然就输了！
a complacent smile 洋洋自得的微笑 — ~ly adv: “I'm bound
to get promoted, ”she said complacently. 她洋洋自得地说：“我
定会得到提升的。
*com. plain/kem`plen; kem'plein/ v [I (about, to); T+that; obj
to express feelings of annoyance, dissatisfaction, unhappiness
etc; say in an annoyed, unhappy, dissatisfied way 投诉；抱怨
发牢骚，诉苦：Mary is always complaining. 玛丽总是在发牢
骚。| Our neighbour said that if we made any more noise
he'd complain (about us) to the police. 我们的邻居说，我们如
果再吵闹，他就要向警方投诉（告我们）了。| He complained that
the room was too hot. 他抱怨说屋子里太热了。| They com-
plained bitterly about the injustice of the system. 他们愤恨地
抱怨制度不公平。 — ~er n — ~ing adj — ~ingly adv
complain of sthg, phr v [T] to say that you have (a pain
illness etc) 说自己有··病痛；主诉：He was complaining of dif
ficulty in breathing. 他诉说自己呼吸困难
com·plain. ant/kem`plenent; kem'pleinent/n law a person who
makes a complaint in a court of law; PLAINTIFF【律】控诉人，原
告
*com. plaint/kem`plent; kem'pleint/ n 1 [C (about, against)]a
statement or cause of annoyance, dissatisfaction, unhappiness
pain etc 诉苦的话； 怨言；不满；牢骚：to make a complaint 抱怨
The pupils made a list of their complaints about school meals
学生列举出了对学校伙食的种种不满。| the hospital's com·
plaints procedure (=system for dealing with complaints by
patients)医院处理患者投诉意见的程序 |“How are you?” “No
complaints, thanks. ”(=I'm all right)“你身体怎样？” “还不错，
谢谢。”2 [U(about)] the act of complaining 投诉；抱怨；诉苦
There's been widespread complaint about the selection
procedure. 对选拔程序一直有许多人投诉。| If your neighbours
are too noisy then you have cause for complaint. (=a good
reason to complain)周围邻居如果太吵闹，那么你就有理由投诉
3 [C] an illness, especially in the stated part of the body〔尤指
身体某部位的)疾病：a rare liver complaint 罕见的肝病4 lodge
a complaint (against, with) fml or law to complain formally
(about, to)【正式或律】控告，指控：Our neighbours lodged a
complaint against us with the police/with the housing
authorities. 我们的邻居向警方[房管当局]控告我们。
com·plai·sance/kem`plezns; kem'pleizans/ n [U] fml willing-
ness to do what pleases others【正式】讨好；殷勤；奉承；迁就
com·plai-sant/kem`pleznt; kem'pleizant/ adj fml willing to
please others; ready to agree【正式】殷勤的；讨好的；顺从的 -
~ly adv
Com. plan /`kamplaen; 'komplaen/ trademark a type of food
SUPPLEMENT sold in the UK as powder, which is mixed with
water and drunk to make a person who is ill or weak feel better
and stronger【商标】“康补”牌营养粉〔在英国出售的一种粉状补
充食物，加水调和后供病人或身体虚弱者饮用以恢复健康，增强体
质〕
Com. pleat An. gler, The /kem plit`engla; kem, pli:t 'aengle/
a book about FISHING (=the sport of catching fish) written by
Izaak Walton in the 17th century and still sometimes read today
《垂钓高手》〔艾萨克·沃尔顿作于17世纪的一部垂钓论著，现在仍
有人不时阅读
com·ple. ment1/kamplement; 'komplment/ n 1 [(to)] some-
thing which, when added to something else, completes it or
makes it perfect 补足物；补充；使完备之物：A fine wine is a
complement to a good meal. 美食加美酒才算完备。2 the num-
ber or quantity needed to make something complete足数，足
额；全数：At last the English department has its full comple
ment ofteachers. (=has all the teachers it needs)英语系的教
师定员终于满额了。3(in grammar) a word or phrase (especially
a noun or adjective)that follows a verb and describes the sub
ject of the verb 〔语法中的)补语：In ‘John is cold' and 'John
became chairman', 'cold' and 'chairman' are complements
of 'John'. 在 John is cold 与 John became chairman 两句中，
cold和 chairman 都是 John 的补语
com. ple. ment2/kample mant; 'komplment/ v [T] to make
(something) complete or perfect; supply what is lacking in
(something)使〔某物〕完善；补充，补足：This wine complements
the food perfectly. 用这种酒配这种菜肴最妙不过了。 Our lo-
cal bus and rail services complement each other very well. 
我们这里市内公共汽车与市郊列车互相补充，使交通极为便利。—
compare 比较 COMPLIMENT
com·ple·men. ta. ry/kample`menteri; kompl'menteri/ ad
1 making something complete; supplying what is lacking or
needed for completion 补充的；补足的；互补的 2 tech (of a pair
of angles) making up 90° together【术语】〔两个角〕互余[补]的
 — compare 比较SUPPLEMENTARY(2)
complementary col. ours/·. . ·. ·/ n [P] colours which when
mixed make white or grey 互补色
complementary medi. cine /，. . . '. / n ALTERNATIVE MEDI-
CINE when used to COMPLEMENT(=help) standard medical treat-
ment 辅助医学〔用以补充标准治疗方法的非传统医学) — see also
另见 ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE — compare 比较 WESTERN MEDI-
CINE
*com. plete1/kem`plit; kem'pli:t/ adj 1 having all necessary, 
usual, or wanted parts; lacking nothing 完整的；全部的；完全
的：Is this pack of cards complete?这副牌全吗？ | John's birth-
day did not seem complete without his father there. 没有他父
亲在场，约翰的生日似乎不够完美。| the complete gardener's
kit (=everything a good gardener needs)园艺师的全套工具 -
opposite 反义词 incomplete 2 [F] finished; ended 完成了的，
结束的：When will work on the new railway be complete?新
铁路线工程何时完工？3 total; thorough 绝对的；彻底的；十足
的：His resignation came as a complete surprise to his staff
他的辞职对手下工作人员来说是十分意外的。| in complete con-
trol of the situation 完全控制着局势 | I made a complete fool
of myself. 我大出洋相。| Our humiliation was complete. 我们
丢尽了脸。— see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Intensifying Ad-
jectives 4 [F+with] fully or additionally supplied 齐备的；备
有·的：We bought the house complete with furniture. 我们买
了一栋备有全部家具的房子。 — ~ness n [U]
*complete2v [T] 1 to make (something) whole or perfect by
adding what is missing 使完整；使完全；使完满：I need one more
stamp to complete my collection. 我所收集的邮票还差一张才
成整套。| Seeing the family all together again completed her
happiness. 看到全家又团聚在一起，她高兴到了极点。2 to finish; 
bring to an end (especially something that takes a long time)
完成，结束：When will work be completed on the new road?
新道路的工程何时完成？ | He completed the book with a chap-
ter on the practical applications of his theory. 他最后一章专
0347
门讲解他的理论的实际运用问题，以此结束他那本书。|She has
just completed an 18-month jail sentence. 她刚服完18个月的
刑期
com·plete. ly /kem`plitl: kem'pli:tli/ ady totally: in every way
完全地，十分地，彻底地：The operation was completely success-
ful. 手术十分成功。| Is the work completely finished?那项工
作全做完了吗？|I completely forgot about it. 我完全把那件事
忘了。— see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Gradable and Non
gradable Adjective
com-ple. tion /kem`plifen; kem'pli:fan/ n [U]1 the act of com
pleting something 完成，结束：Completion of this bridge is
expected in 2004. 这座桥可望在2004年建成。|We were paid
on completion of the work. (=when we finished it)我们是工
作做完后得到报酬的。| The completion date is April 10th. 完
成日期是4月10日。2 the state of being complete 完成，结束
[指状态)：The new road is near completion, 新公路快完工了。
com-plex' /kem`pleks; 'kompleks/ adj 1 difficult to understand. 
explain, or deal with; not clear or simple 复杂的；费解的：a com-
plex probler/issue for whick there is no simple solution 一个
找不到简单解决办法的复杂问题| complex bureaucratic pro
cedures复杂的官僚主义办事程序 2 consisting of many closely
connected parts 由许多部分组成的；结构复杂的：a complex net
work of roads connecting Glasgow and Edinburgh 连接格拉
斯哥与爱丁堡的错综复杂的公路网| complex machines 结构
复杂的机器 3 tech (of a word or sentence) consisting of a main
part and one or more other parts【术语】〔词、句)复合的：‘Child-
ish'is a complex word consisting of a main part, 'child', and
the suffix ‘-ish', childish 是个复合词，由词根 child 和后缀 -ish
组成。| 'If it rains, I won't go' is a complex sentence with a
main clause, 'I won't go', and another clause, 'If it rains'. If
it rains, I won't go 是个复合句，由主句 I won't go 与从句 If it
rains 构成。 — compare 比较 COMPOUND2 (2)， SIMPLE(3)
com·plex2/`kpmpleks; 'kompleks/n 1 a system consisting of
a large number of closely related parts综合系统，综合体：a
shopping/sports complex (=an area containing everything
needed for shopping/sport)综合性商场[体育场]| a complex
of welfare regulations 福利管理综合系统 2 [(about)] a group
of unconscious confused wishes, fears, feelings etc, which in-
fluence a person's behaviour, especially for the worse 情结：夸
大的情绪反应：He's got a persecution complex. 他患有受迫害
妄想症。— see also 另见 INFERIORITY COMPLEX, OEDIPUS
COMPLEX, SUPERIORITY COMPLEX
com·plex. ion /kem`plkfen; kem'plekfan/ n 1 the natural colou
and appearance of the skin, especially of the face面色，气色
肤色：a good/healthy/dark/fair/pale complexion 好看[健康：
黝黑；白皙；苍白]的面色 2 [usually sing. 一般用单数] a gen-
eral character or nature 性质：This informationputs a (whole)
new complexion on the situation. (=completely changes it)
这消息使整个形势为之改观。| governments of various politi-
cal complexions 各种政治色彩的政府
com. plex. i·ty /kem`plaksiti; kem'pleksti/ n [C; U (of)](an
example of) the state of being COMPLEX'(1, 2)复杂（性）；复杂
的事物； the complexities of the tax laws 错综复杂的税收法 | a
political problem of great complexity十分复杂的政治问题
com·pli·ance /kem`plaiens; kem'plaiens/n [U(with)] fm/【正
式】1 obedience to a rule, agreement, demand etc服从；遵守
Compliance with the law is expected of all citizens. 所有公民
都应遵守法律。2 the tendency to agree (too) willingly to other
people's wishes or demands 顺从，盲从，附和：His compliance
with everything we suggest makes it hard to know what he
really feels. 他对我们的建议全都同意，因此很难知道他真正的想
法。 — see also 另见 COMPLY
com. pli. ant /kem`plaient; kem'plaient/ adj readily acting in
accordance with a rule, order, the wishes of others etc 服从的
顺从的：屈从的 — see also 另见 COMPLY — ~ly ady
com. pli. cate /`kample, ket; 'komplkeit/v [T] 1 to make
(something)difficult to understand or deal with使〔某事)复
化：There are six candidates and, to complicate matters still
further, every voter has four votes! 有六名候选人，使事情更为
复杂化的是每个选民可以投四个人的票！| Plans for the release
of political prisoners were complicated by a fresh outbreak
o terrorist activity. 释放政治犯的计划由于新近突发的恐怖活
动而变得复杂化了。- — compare 比较 SIMPLIFY 2 [often pass. 
常用被动语态] to make (a situation, especially an illness) worse
使〔形势、病情)恶化：a serious disease complicated by an ad
ditional bacterial infection 因继发细菌感染而更加恶化的重病
com·pli. cat. ed/kample ketid: 'kpmplkeitd/ adj 1 difficult
to understand or deal with 复杂的；费解的；棘手的：a compli-
cated legal problem 复杂的法律问题| It's rather complicated
to explain, but I'll try. 这事解释起来相当复杂，不过我试试看
吧。2 consisting of many closely related or connected parts结
构复杂的：a complicated machine 结构复杂的机器 — ~ly adv
 — ~ness n [U]
com·pli. ca. tion /kample`kefen; kompl'keifan/n 1 some-
thing that makes a situation, process etc more complicated使
复杂化的事物；纠葛：The car ran out of petrol, and as a fur-
ther complication I had no money! 汽车没有油了，更麻烦的是
我身上没有钱！| the complications of the plot 情节中的复杂
纠葛 2 a new illness that happens during the course of another
illness, making treatment more difficult 并发症：The doctors
were sure they could cure the patient, but when complica-
tions set in they lost hope, 医生们本来相信可以治好病人的病, 
但在出现并发症之后他们失去了信心
com. plic. i. ty /kem`pliseti; kem'plisati/ n [U (in)] fiml the act of
taking part with another person in some wrong action, espe-
cially a crime【正式】同谋；共犯；串通：He denied complicity in
the murder. 他否认自己曾参与谋杀。 — see also 另见 ACCOM-
PLICE
com. pli·ment' /kamplement; 'komplment/ n [(on)] an ex. 
pression of praise, admiration, or respect恭维（话）；赞词，赞
扬：He was showered with compliments on his excellent
performance. 他出色的表演使他大受赞扬。| Theypaid her the
compliment of making her an honorary member. 他们选她为
荣誉会员以表示对她的赞誉。| She said how nice my dress was, 
so Ireturned the compliment and said I liked hers. 她称赞我
的衣服好看，我便回礼说我也很喜欢她的衣服。 — see also另见
COMPLIMENTS, fish for compliments (FISH2(4)
com·pli·ment2/`kample ment: 'kpmplment/ y [T (on)] to
praise with a compliment 恭维；称赞：John complimented Jean
(on her new dress). 约翰对琼（的新衣服）称赞了一番。|I mus
compliment you on the way you handled the meeting. 我应当
夸奖你主持会议的方法。 — compare 比较 COMPLEMENT. FLAT-
TER(1)
com·pli·men. ta. ry /`kample`menteri; kompl'mentari/ ad
1 expressing admiration, praise, respect etc赞美的；赞的；恭
维的；表示敬意的：complimentary remarks 夸赞之辞 |My boss
was very complimentary about my work. 老板很赞赏我的工
作。 — opposite 反义词 uncomplimentary 2 [no comp. 无比
较级] given free as a favour or out of respect 免费赠送的：com-
plimentary tickets for the theatre 赠送的戏票
com. pli. ments /`kamplements; 'komplments/ n [P] good
wishes 祝贺；问候：That was an excellent dinner -- my com
pliments to the chef! 这晚饭真丰美，我向厨师致意！
compliment slip /'·. / n a piece of paper with a company's
name and address on it which is sent out with other papers etc, 
instead of a proper letter〔写有公司名称、地址，随其他文件等
. 
起寄出的〕赠礼便条 — compare 比较 COVERING LETTER
com·pline, -plin /`kamplin; 'kompln/ n [U] tech (often cap
常用大写)(especially in the Roman Catholic Church) the last
religious service held in the evening【术语】〔罗马天主教的〕晚
祷 — compare 比较 EVENSONG, VESPERS
com·ply /kem`plai; kem'plai/ v [I(with)] fm/ to act in accord-
ance with a demand, rule etc【正式】服从；依从；遵从：He reluc-
tantly complied with their wishes. 他勉强地依从了他们的愿
望。[ The factory was closed for failing to comply with gov-
ernment safety regulations. 工厂由于未能遵守政府的安全条例
而被关闭了。 — see also 另见 COMPLIANCE
com·po. nent /kem`ponent; kem'peunent/n any of the parts
that together make a whole machine or system 成分；组成部分
零部件：the componentskomponent parts of a camera 照相
机的部件 | Revenues from oil are the biggest single compo-
nent in the country's income. 来源于石油的收益是这个国家收
入中最高的一项。 — compare 比较 CONSTITUENT1(2)
com-port /kem`port; kem'po:t/v [T+obj+ady/prep] fml, often
pomp to behave (yourself) in the stated way【正式，常夸张】表
现，举动：She comported herself well. 她举止得体
com. port. ment /kem`portment; kem'po:tment/ n [U] fml
often pomp behaviour; manner【正式，常夸张】行为；举止
com·pose /kem`poz: kem'peuz/ v 1 [I: T] to write or produce
(music, poetry etc)创作〔乐曲、诗歌等)：to compose a sym-
phony/(fml 正式) a letter 谱写交响乐；写信 | This piece of music
was composed for the piano. 这首乐曲是为钢琴演奏谱写的。
 — see also_另见 COMPOSER, COMPOSITION 2 [T] to make
(especially yourself) calm, quiet etc 使镇定，使平静：Jean was
nervous at first but soon composed herself. 琼一开始很紧张，
但很快就镇定下来了。| She remained perfectly composed
throughout the trial. 她在审问的全过程中表现得极为镇静。-
see also 另见 COMPOSURE 3 [T] fml to settle (a point of dis-
agreement)【正式】调解〔争端等)：The two leaders soon com
posed their differences and became friends. 两位领导人很快
0348
就消除了分歧，成了好朋友。4 [T] tech(in printing) to form
(words, sentences, pages etc) ready for printing【术语】排（字、
版、稿) — see also 另见 COMPOSITOR 5be composed of to be
formed from (the stated parts)由··组成；由··构成：Water is
composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧化合而成的。
see also 另见 DECOMPOSE; see 参见 COMPRISE (USAGE)
com·pos. er /kem`poz; kem'peuze/n a person who writes mu-
sic 作曲家：Beethoven, Mozart, and all the great classical com-
posers 贝多芬、莫扎特及所有伟大的古典音乐作曲家 — compare 
比较MUSICIAN
com·pos. ite /kem`pazit; 'kompezt/ n 1 something made up
of different parts or materials 拼合成的；混合成的；复合的；合
成物 2 AmE for【美】=IDENTIKIT - composite adj [A]: a com
posite picture一张容貌拼图
com·po·si·tion /kampe`zifen; kompe'zifan/ n 1 [U] the act
of composing music, poetry etc 创作；作曲；写作：He played a
piece of music of his own composition. (=which he had composed)
他演奏了一首自己创作的曲子。2 [C] a piece of music or art, or
a poem(音乐、美术、诗歌)作品：This is one of Bach's later
compositions. 这是巴赫的晚期作品之一。3 [C; U (of)] (the ar-
rangement of) the various parts from which something is made
up 组成，构成；组合方式；结构；成分：scientific instruments for
analyzing the chemical composition of plants 分析植物化学
成分的科学仪器| changes in the composition of the commit-
tee as a result of the election 因选举而产生的委员会结构上的
变化 4 [C] an ESSAY (=a short piece of writing) done as an
educational exercise 作文 5 [U] tech the arrangement of or
process of arranging words, sentences, pages etc for printing
【术语】排字；排版
com. pos. i. tor /kem`pazite; kem'ppzte/ n a person who ar-
ranges words, sentences, pages etc ready for printing 排字[版]
工人
com·pos men·tis /kampes`mentis; kpmpes'ments/ adj [F
especially law able to think clearly and be responsible for your
actions【尤律】心智健全的 — opposite 反义词 non compos
mentis
com·post' /kampost; 'kompost/ n [U] a mixture of decayed
plant matter, such as grass or leaves, used for making the soi
richer 混合肥料，堆肥
compost2ν [T] to put compost on or make compost from 施堆
肥于；把·做成堆肥
compost heap /'· / n a place, usually in a garden, where plant
matter is piled up to make compost 〔花园里的)堆肥处
com·po. sure /kem`po3; kem'peu3e/n [U] calmness; a steady
unworried manner or state of mind 沉着，镇定：Keep calm:
don't lose your composure!保持镇定，不要慌张！ — see also
另见COMPOSE(2)
com-pote /kampot: 'kpmppt/ n [C; U] fruit cooked in sweet-
ened water and usually eaten cold 糖水水果，蜜饯
*com. pound'/kampaund; 'kompaund/ n 1 a combination of
wo or more parts, substances etc, especially a chemical sub-
stance consisting of at least two different simple substances
(ELEMENTS) combined so as to have qualities different from
those of the substances from which it is made 化合物：复合物
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a compound made from sulphur and
oxygen. 二氧化硫是硫和氧的化合物。| natural compounds自
然合成物 — compare 比较 MIXTURE(1)2 a compound word
复合词
compound2 adj1 (of a single whole) consisting of two or mor
parts, substances etc 混合的：复合的：化合的； an insect's com-
pound eye 昆虫的复眼 | a compound leaf (=made of several
small leaves joined to one stem)复叶 2 tech (of a word or
sentence) consisting of two or more main parts【术语】〔词、句)
复合的：'Childcare'is a compound word consisting of the
two main parts 'child' and ‘care'. childcare是复合词，由 child
与care 两部分合成。 — compare 比较 COMPLEX1(3), SIMPLE
(3)
com·pound3/kam`paund; kem'paund/ v[T] 1 [often pass. 常
用被动语态] to make worse by adding to or increasing; EXAC-
ERBATE 使严重；使恶化：Our difficulties were compounded by
the language barrier. 我们本来就窘迫的境况由于语言障碍变
得更加困难了。| to compound an error 使错误更加严重 2 [(from. 
of)] to make (a substance or quality) by combining parts 使合
成；使复合；使混合；使化合：The medicine was compounded
from several drugs. 这药是由几种药物合成的。3 [(into)] to
combine (parts) to form a whole 把··合成为，把··配成：He com·
pounded the drugs into a medicine. 他把数种药物配成一种药。
com-pound4 /`kampaund; 'kompaund/ n an area enclosed by a
wall, fence etc, containing a group of buildings〔有围墙、围栏
等的〕场地[大院、楼群]：a factory/prison compound 工厂厂区：
监狱大院
compound frac-ture /，. '. / n med a break or crack in a bone
which causes it to cut through the surrounding flesh, making
an open wound【医】哆开骨折，有创骨折 — compare 比较 SIMPLE
FRACTURE
compound in-terest /，. ·/n [U] interest calculated both on
the original sum of money lent or borrowed and on the unpaid
interest already earned or charged 复利 — compare 比较 SIMPLE
INTEREST
com-pre-hend /kampri`hend; kompri'hend/ v [not in progres
sive forms 不用进行式] fml【正式】1 [I; T] to understand 理解
领悟：The child read the story but did not comprehend its full
meaning. 那孩子看了这篇故事，但没有理解它的全部意思。2[T]
to include 包括，包含：The park comprehends all the land or
the other side of the river. 这个公园的范围包括了河那边所有
的土地。
com·pre. hen. si·ble /kampri`hensebl; kompri'hensbal/ ad
[(to)] fiml that can be understood【正式】可以理解的：a long, 
scarcely comprehensible report written in official language
用公文体语言写成的几乎无法理解的冗长报告| This document
is comprehensible only to lawyers. 这文件只有律师才能看得
懂。 — opposite 反义词 incomprehensible - -bly adv - -bility
/, kampri hense`bileti; komprihens 'bilti/n [U]
com·pre-hen-sion /kampri`henfen; kpmpri'henfan/ n [U(of)]
fml the act of understanding or ability to understand【正式】理
解；理解力：How he managed it isbeyond my comprehension
(=I cannot understand it)他是怎么对付的，我真弄不明白。| The
teacher set the class a comprehension test. (=to test the stu-
dents' ability to understand written or spoken language)老师
对全班同学进行了一次理解力测验。
com·pre. hen. sive1/kampri`hansiv; kompri'hensiv/adj
1 thorough; broad; including a lot or everything 广泛的：全面
的；综合的：a newspaper that provides comprehensive cover-
age of world affairs 广泛报道世界时事的报纸 |a comprehen
sive knowledge of his subject 对他所研究的学科的渊博知识
comprehensive insurance 综合保险 2 [no comp. 无比较级] BrE
(of education)teaching pupils of all abilities in the same school
【英】〔学校教育〕各种资质的学生均予施教的，综合性的：the con-
troversy over comprehensive education in the sixties 60年代
对于综合教育的争议 — ~ly adv
comprehensive2also 又作 comprehensive school /，·'· ·/ -
n(in Britain) a school for pupils over the age of 11 which
eaches childrer of all abilities〔英国招收11岁以上各种资质学
生的〕综合中学
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The comprehensive sys-
tem of schools in Britain was started in 1965. Before that, 
children took an examination called the ELEVEN-PLUS at
the age of eleven. If they passed it they went to a GRAM-
MAR SCHOOL, and if they failed it they went to a SECOND
ARY MODERN school. The comprehensive system was in. 
troduced because people felt that it was unfair to separate
children into different schools at the age of eleven. Most
children in the UK go to comprehensive schools, but there
are still a few grammar schools left. Some parents try to
send their children to grammar schools, believing that the
standard of education is higher than in comprehensive
schools. 英国学校的综合教育体系始于1965年。在此之前
学童在11岁时参加升中学甄别考试。如果通过就能升入文法
学校，反之则进入中等学校。推行综合教育体系是因为人们觉
得11岁就对学童进行分流是不公平的。英国的大部分学童都
升入综合中学，但仍存在少数文法学校。有些父母试图把孩子
送到文法学校去，他们相信那里的教育水准比综合学校的高
 — see also 另见 PUBLIC SCHOOL
com·press' /kem`pres; kem'pres/ v [T (into)] 1 to force (a
substance)into less space; press together 压缩；压紧：com
pressed air 压缩空气 2 to put (thoughts, ideas etc) into fewer
words 使变简练：He compressed his report into three pages
他把报告压缩成三页。 — ~ible adj: a compressible gas 可以
压缩的气体 — ~ion /-`prafen; -'prefan/ n [U]: a compression
chamber 加压室
com·press2 /`kampres; 'kompres/n a small thick mass of cloth
pressed to part of the body, especially to stop bleeding or
swelling, reduce fever etc 压布；敷布：She applied acold com
press to his sprained ankle. 她在他扭伤的踝骨上敷上冷敷布。
com·pres·sor /kem`prese; kem'prese/ n a part of a machine, 
for compressing gas or air 压缩器，压气机
com-prise /kem`praiz; kem'praiz/ v [not in progressive forms
不用进行式]1[L+n] to consist of (parts)包括，包含；由··组成
0349
The United Kingdom comprises England, Wales, Scotland
and Northern Ireland. 联合王国包括英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和
北爱尔兰。| a commission of inquiry comprising three emi-
nent judges and three members of the public 由3名著名法官
和3名普通人士组成的调查委员会2[T](of parts) to form组
成：构成：Fifteen separate republics comprise the Soviet
Union. 原苏联由15个加盟共和国组成。
USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 comprise, compose
consist of, constitute, and和 include; The unite King-
dom consists of/is composed of/comprises England, 
Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. (=these are al
the parts that together form it)(联合王国由英格兰、威尔士，
苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成。)| England. Wales. Scotland, and
Northern Ireland constitute/comprise (=together form)
the United Kingdom. (英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组
成了联合王国。)| The United Kingdom includes North
ern Ireland and Wales. (=these are two of the parts that
together form the United Kingdom, but there are others)
(联合王国中包括有北爱尔兰和威尔士。) Be comprised of is
sometimes used in the sense of ' consists of\". 短语 be com. 
prised of 有时作为 consists of 的同义形式使用：A chess
set is comprised of 32 chessmen. （一副棋由 32个棋子组
成。)But some people consider this use to be incorrect. 但
有些人认为此种用法不正确。
com. pro. mise1/`kampre, maiz; 'kompremaiz/ n [C; U
(between)](an act of) settling an argument or difference o
opinion by each side agreeing to some of the demands of the
other; an agreement reached in this way that is acceptable to
both sides 妥协；和解；折中；妥协方案，折中方案：Progress has
been made towards a political compromise between the two
nations. 两国之间的政治和解已经取得进展。| He asked ￡1500
for his old car, but I thought it was only worth ￡1000. We
finally reached/arrived at a compromise and I paid ￡1250. 他
要价1500英镑出售他那辆旧车，可我觉得那车只值1000英镑，我
们最后双方妥协，我付了1250英镑。| Both sides are determined
to get what they want, and there seems to be no possibility of
compromise. 双方都决心要得到各自所要求的东西，似乎没有妥
协的可能。
compromise2v 1 [I (on)] to make a compromise 作出妥协；折
中解决：He asked more than I was willing to pay, so we com. 
promised on a price. 他的要价超出我愿付的数目，因而我们作
出妥协，商定了一个双方都可接受的价钱。2 [T] to put into a
dishonourable position; bring shame to 使遭受损害；使蒙受耻
辱：They refused to compromise their principles by doing a
deal with the terrorists. 他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则
受到损害。| The minister was compromised by his associa-
tion with the prostitute. 这位部长由于与那个妓女有来往，声誉
受到了损害
com·pro. mis·ing /`kampremaizin; 'kompremaizin/ adj [A]
dishonourable and making you feel very ashamed 不光彩的，
可耻的：You have put me in a very compromising position. 你
让我处于很不光彩的境地。|She found some compromising
photographs in his wallet. 她在他的皮夹子里发现了一些不光
彩的照片。
comp. trol-ler /ken`trole; ken'treule/n fml (an official title for
a CONTROLLER(2)【正式】审计官，审计员
com·pul. sion /kem`pvlfen; kem'pvlfan/ n 1 [U] force or in
fluence that makes a person do something 强迫力，强制力：[+to
] You are under no compulsion to tell me, but it will be bet
ter for you if you do. 没有任何压力逼你非告诉我不可，不过你
说了对你会有好处。 — see also 另见 COMPEL 2 [C] a strong
desire, usually an unreasonable one, that is difficult to control
难以克制的]强烈冲动[欲望]：[+to-v] She felt a sudden com
pulsion to hit him. 她突然感到有一种无法克制的冲动想揍他。
com·pul·sive/kem`pvlsiy; kem'palsiy/ adj 1 resulting from a
compulsion; very difficult to stop or control 强烈冲动[欲望
引起的；难以抑制的：a compulsive need to succeed 企求成功的
强烈欲望|compulsive eating 无节制的暴饮暴食 2 suffering
from one or more compulsions 着了迷的，难以自己的：a com-
pulsive gambler 不能自拔的赌徒 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
compulsive shop-per /，· '·/ a SPENDAHOLIC 购物狂
com. pul. so. ry /kem`palseri; kem'pvlsari/ adj which must be
done by law, by orders etc; OBLIGATORY 强制的；义务的：Edu. 
cation is compulsory for all children in Britain between the
ages of5 and 16. 在英国5岁到16岁的儿童都要接受义务教育。
campaign to make the wearing of car seat belts compul-
sory 促使系汽车安全带成为强制性规定的运动 — compare 比
较 VOLUNTARY1(1) - -rily adv
com·punc. tion/kem`pankfen; kem'pankfen/ n [U usually in
questions and negatives 一般用于疑问句和否定句] an awkward
feeling of guilt that stops one doing something 良心不安，内疚
惭愧；懊悔：She didn't have the slightest compunction about
telling me a lie. 她对我撒谎丝毫也不感到良心不安
Com·pu. Serve/kampies3y; 'kpmpi s3:v/ trademark a large
company providing the service of connecting customers to the
Internet, owned by AOL. CompuServe also provides its own
ONLINE services such as E-MAIL, discussion groups, and busi-
ness information. 【商标】“电脑服务”公司〔“美国在线”旗下的大
型互联网接入商。它也拥有自己的在线服务，如电子邮件、网上聊
天室和商业信息〕
com·pu·ta. tion/kampje`tefen; kompj'teifan/ also又作 com. 
putations pl. — n [C; U] fml (the result of) calculating【正式】
计算；计算结果：According to my computation(s), the bank
should pay me ￡100 interest. 根据我的计算，银行该付我100
英镑的利息。
com·pute/kem`pjut; kem'pju:t/ v [I; T] fml to calculate (a result. 
answer, sum etc)【正式】计算〔结果、答案、数目等〕
com·put. er/kem`pjute; kem'pju:te/ n an electronic machine
that can be supplied with a PROGRAM (=plan of operations)
and can store and recall information, and perform various pro-
cesses on it. A computer is now a standard piece of office
equipment, often used by all members of STAFF, especially as
a WORD PROCESSOR. 计算机〔计算机现在是办公设备的标准件，
为所有员工使用，尤其是用作文字信息处理机)：We use a com
puter to do our accounts. 我们用计算机算账。| a home/per-
sonal computer 家用 [个人]电脑 | the most up-to-date com-
puter software 最新的电脑软件| a new computer-controllea
heating system 新型电脑控制的供暖系统 | I sent the sample
for computer analysis. 我把样品送去作电脑分析。 — see also
另见 MAINFRAME, MICROCOMPUTER, MINICOMPUTER, PER
SONAL COMPUTER, WORD PROCESSOR
computer-aid·ed de·sign/····/ also又作 CAD-n [U]
the use of COMPUTER GRAPHICS in industry as part of the pro-
cess of planning how to make such things as cars, aircraft, 
buildings, and electronic equipment 计算机辅助设计〔将电脑制
图用于工业，作为设计汽车、飞机、楼宇和电子设备等产品过程的一
部分)：a computer-aided design system 计算机辅助设计系统
computer dat-ing a-gen. cy /. . . . . / n a DATING AGENCY
that uses computers to find partners for people〔利用电脑为人
们寻找对象的〕电脑婚姻介绍所
computer game/'. / n a game played on a computer, often
in which the player takes part in an imaginary story and tries
to destroy enemies or save people from danger 电脑游戏
computer graph. ics/. ·. / n [P] information in the form of
images which can be stored, changed, or OUTPUT by a computer. 
As well as being used in industry, computer graphics are thought
by some people to be a modern art form. 电脑图像〔它不仅应用
于工业，而且还被有些人视为一种现代艺术形式〕
computer hack·er/·, · '·/ n [C] — see 参见 HACKER
com·put·er·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/kem`pjute, raiz; kem-
pju:teraiz/ v [I; T] to use or begin to use a computer to control
(an operation, system etc)用电脑控制〔作业、系统等)；使电脑
化：The firm has decided to computerize its wages department. 
公司已决定用电脑来管理工资发放部门的工作。|Our firm com-
puterized years ago!我们公司几年前就电脑化了！comput-
erized criminal records 输入电脑的犯罪记录 - -ization /kem
pjuterai`zefen; kem, pju:terai'zeifan/n[U]
computer mo. delling /，· '·/ n [U] the building of a picture
of an object on a computer so that it can be looked at from any
angle. It is especially used in the planning of such things as
cars, buildings etc, and when information collected by other
machines, e. g. in outer space, is needed in a form that people
can see. 电脑模型制作〔即在电脑上绘制物体的图形，以便能从任
何角度观看，尤用于汽车、楼宇等的设计以及其他仪器设备所收集
的信息，如外太空信息，需要转换成人们能够看到的形式时使用〕
computer pro-gram. mer /，. ·. /n a person whose job is to
PROGRAM2(1)computers 电脑程序员
computer sci. ence/. ·/ n [U] the study of computers and
what they can do, often as a main subject 计算机科学：a com-
puter science majorldegree 主修计算机科学；计算机科学学位
She studied computer science at Cornell. 她在康奈尔大学学
计算机科学
computer vi·rus/·, · '·/ n a PROGRAM (=plan of operations)
secretly introduced into a computer which makes copies of it-
self and often damages other programs on the computer, in
cluding the OPERATING SYSTEM. They are introduced by elec-
tronic VANDALS or e. g. by a worker who has some reason to be
angry with the company, and begin to operate at a particular
0350
signal, e. g, a name or a date, 电脑病毒〔偷偷进入电脑，能够自
我复制并常常会破坏操作系统等其他程序的一种程序。它们是由
故意破坏他人电脑者或因某种原因对公司心怀不满的员工编制出
来的，在某一特定信号，如姓名或日期下发作)
com·put. ing /kem`pjutin; kem'pju:tin/ n [U] the act or job of
working with computers 电脑操作
com·rade /kamraed; 'komrd/ n 1 fml a close companion, es-
pecially a person who shares difficult work or danger【正式】
亲密的伙伴；战友：his comrades in the navy 他在海军中的战友
 — compare 比较 COMPANION, PARTNER 2 (especially used as
a title in Communist countries or among LEFT-WING groups) a
fellow member of a union, political party etc 同志：Comrades, 
please support this motion. 同志们，请支持这个动议。| Com-
rade Gorbachey 戈尔巴乔夫同志 — ~ly adj
comrade in arms /. . '/ n comrades in arms (in the military)
someone who fights on the same side as yourself(军队里的)
战友：(fig. 喻) We're comrades in arms on the local council
我们都是地方议会的战友。
com·rade. ship /`kamraed. [ip; 'komrdfip/ n [U] fml
companionship; friendship【正式】伙伴关系；友谊；同志情谊
coms /kamz; kpmz/ n [P] infml for【非正式】1 COMBINATIONS
连裤内衣2COMMUNICATIONS联络途径；交通；通讯系统
con' /kan; kon/ ν -nn- [T (into, out of)] infml【非正式】1 to
trick (a trusting person), usually in order to make money骗；诈
骗：I'm afraid you've been conned. 恐怕你被骗了。| They've
conned me out of ￡5！ 他们骗了我五英镑！ 2 to persuade, espe-
cially by deceit 哄骗：He conned me into doing all his work
for him. 他哄骗我代他做了所有的工作
con2n infml a trick, especially a CONFIDENCE TRICK【非正式】
〔诈骗钱财的)骗局 — see also另见 MOD CON, PROS AND CONS
con3n slang a prisoner; CONVICT【俚】犯人，囚犯 - — see also 另
见EX-CON
con4 y-nn- [T] old use to study or examine (something) very
carefully in order to learn it【旧】精读，研读；研究
Con written abbrev. for 缩写= CONSERVATIVE PARTY
Con-an Doyle / konen`doil: keunen 'doil/, Sir Arthur (1859. 
1930)a British doctor and writer who is known especially for
his stories about the DETECTIVE Sherlock HOLMES and his friend
Dr WATSON 柯南道尔〔(1859-1930)，英国医生和作家，尤以其
描写侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯和他的朋友华生医生的小说闻名
con-art. ist /'. / n infml someone who tricks or deceives people
in a criminal way, usually in order to get money from them【非
正式】〔诈骗钱财的〕骗子
conc written abbrev. for 缩写=CONCESSIONARY
con·cat·e·nate /kan`kaetn et; 'kon'kaetneit/ v [T] fml or tech
to join together as in a chain【正式或术语】成串地连结：把··连
成一串 - -nation /kankaetn`efen; kon, kaet'neifan/n [C; U]:
a concatenation of events (=a set of events coming one after
the other)一连串的事件
con. cave /kan`kev; kon'keiv/ adj curved inwards, like the
inside surface of a hollow ball 凹的，凹面的：a concave mirror
凹镜 — opposite 反义词 convex
con·cav·i·ty /kan`kaeveti; ken'kaevti/n fml【正式】1 [U] the state
of being concave 凹状，凹形 2 [C] a concave place or shape凹
处，凹面
con·ceal /ken`sil; ken'si:l/ v [T (from)] rather fml to hide; keep
from being seen or known【较正式】隐藏，隐匿；隐瞒：He con
cealed his feelings/his debts from his wife. 他对妻子隐瞒了自
己的感情 [债务]。| He was found to be carrying a concealed
weapon. 他被发现携带暗藏的武器。| [+wh-] She tried to con-
ceal how she felt, 她力图隐藏自己的感受
con·ceal·ment /ken`silment; ken'si:lment/ n [U] fml【正式】
1 the act of concealing 隐藏；隐瞒〔指行为)：Concealment of
evidence is a criminal offence. 隐藏证据是犯罪行为。2 the
state of being concealed 隐藏；隐瞒〔指状态)：The criminals
stayed in concealment (hidden)until the police had passed
罪犯藏了起来，等警察走过去后才出来。
con·cede /ken`sid; ken'si:d/ v [T] 1 to admit as true, correct, or
proper, often unwillingly〔常指勉强地)承认：The government
conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known
选举结果一揭晓，政府就承认失败了。| [+that] I'm willing to
concede that he's a good runner, but I still think I can beat
him. 我承认他是个出色的赛跑选手，但是我还是认为自己能战胜
他。| I concede that particular point, but I still think you're
wrong. 在那特定的一点上我承认是那么回事，可我还是认为你错
了。2 [(to)] to give as a right or PRIVILEGE 让与：After the
First World War Germany conceded a lot of land (to her
neighbours). 第一次世界大战以后, 德国割让了大片土地(给邻
国)。3 to allow by accident; used especially in newspapers〔意
外〕容许〔尤用于报纸)：Despite conceding a goal in the first
five minutes, the Cowboys went on to win the game. 尽管在比
赛开始五分钟牛仔队让对方首先得分，但他们后来还是赢了比赛。
 — see also 另见 CONCESSION
con·ceit /ken`sit; ken'si:t/n 1 [U] also 又作 con·ceit·ed·ness
/ken`sitidnis; ken'si: tdns/ - too high an opinion of your own
abilities, value, importance etc 自负，自大 2 [C] tech an unusual. 
cleverly expressed, but not very serious comparison, especially
in poetry【术语】〔尤指诗歌中的〕奇想；夸张的比喻：the use of
conceits in Elizabethan poetry 伊丽莎白时代诗歌中夸张比喻
的运用
con. ceit. ed /ken`sitid; ken'si:td/ adj having too high an opin-
ion of yourself; extremely proud of yourself or pleased with
yourself 自负的，自大的，自满的：I don't want to sound conceited. 
but I think my new book might be a best-seller. 我不想让人觉
得我自以为了不起，不过我觉得我的新书可能会成为畅销书。—
~ly adv
con·cei·va. ble /ken`sivebl: ken'si:vebal/ adj that can be be-
lieved; imaginable 可相信的；可想到的，可想像的：It is just con-
ceivable that he'll win, but it's very unlikely really. 他会赢只
不过是可以想像而已，但实际上极不可能。|What conceivable
reason could they have for doing such a crazy thing?他们做
如此的蠢事难道有什么可以想像得出的理由吗？ — opposite 反
义词 inconceivable --bly adv
con·ceive /ken`siv; ken'si:y/ y1 [T] to form an idea of; think
of; imagine 构想出；想出；设想：Scientists first conceived the
idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s. 科学家在20世纪30年
代首次有了原子弹的构想。| [+wh-] I can't conceive why you
told her. (=I don't understand, because it was not a sensible
thing to do) 我无法想像你为什么会告诉她。— see 参见 PER-
CEIVE (USAGE) 2 [I; T] especially tech or bibl to become
PREGNANT with (a child)【尤术语或圣经】怀孕：怀〔胎) ：The baby
was conceived in March and born in December. 孩子是3月
怀的，12月出生。| (fig. 喻) He conceived a violent hatred of
his captors. 他对抓捕他的人怀有强烈的仇恨。 — see also 另见
CONCEPTION
conceive of sthg. phr v [T (as)] to think of; imagine 想像；设
想：In ancient times the world was conceived of as flat. 在古
代，人们想像地球是扁的。| [+y-ing] It's difficult to conceive
of living without electricity. 很难想像生活中没有电会是什么
样子。一 see also 另见 CONCEPTION
con·cen·trate' /kansn tret; 'konsantreit/ v1 [I; T (on, upon)
to direct (your thoughts, efforts, attention etc) towards a par-
ticular activity or purpose 集中〔思想、精力、注意力等)：I can't
concentrate (on my work) when I'm hungry. 我饿了就无法集
中精力（工作）。| The terrorists concentrated their activities
on the main supply routes, 恐怖分子把活动集中在主要供给路
线上。 This year the company has concentrated on improv-
ing its efficiency. 这家公司今年已经把力量集中在提高效率方面。
2 [I+adv/prep; T+obj+adv/prep] to (cause to) come together
in or around one place （使）集中于··；（使）汇集于··：Industrial
development is being concentrated in the south of the country. 
工业发展目前正集中在这个国家的南部。| The crowds concen-
trated round the palace. 人群汇集在宫殿的周围。3 [T] tech to
make (especially a liquid) stronger by removing some of the
water from it【术语】浓缩〔尤指液体〕
concentrate2n [C; U] a concentrated material or liquid 浓缩原
料；浓缩液：orange juice concentrate 浓缩橙汁
con·cen·trat·ed /kansn tretid; 'konsantreitd/ adj 1 increased
in strength by the removal of liquid or the addition of more of
a substance 浓缩的：concentrated orange juice 浓缩橙汁 2 [A
showing concentration and determination专心致志的；全力以
赴的； He has made a concentrated effort to improve his work. 
他全力以赴改善他的工作。| a concentrated mind 集中的注意
力
con·cen·tra·tion /kansn`trefen; konsan'treifan/ n 1 [U] the
direction of attention towards a single thing, idea, subject etc
专心，专注：Her work as a simultaneous translator requires
strong powers of concentration. 作为同声传译员，她的工作需
要高度集中注意力。| I lost my concentration and nearly drove
into a bridge. 我走神了，驾车时几乎撞上了一座桥。2 [C; U] a
close gathering 集中；汇集：There is a concentration of indus-
try in the south of the country. 工业集中在这个国家的南部。|
the increasing concentration of power in central governmen
中央政府权力的日益集中 3 [S] tech the measure of the amount
of a substance contained in a liquid【术语】浓度：a high con-
centration of sulphuric acid高浓度硫酸
concentration camp /. · / n a large enclosed area where
political prisoners or people considered as threats to the state
are imprisoned. During World War II the Nazis sent many
millions of people, especially Jews, to concentration camps. 
0351
where more than six million people were killed 集中营〔第二次
世界大战期间，纳粹分子把数百万民众，尤其是犹太人送往集中
营，在那里600多万民众遭杀害)：Both his parents died in the
concentration camps. 他的父母都死于集中营。 — see also 另
见AUSCHWITZ, HOLOCAUST
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Concentration camps are
mainly thought of in relation to World War II and the camps
built by the NAZIS. Many people died in these camps, in-
cluding around 3 million Jews, as well as people from other
groups such as GIPSYs and HOMOSEXUALS. The killing of
these people is known as the HOLOCAUST. Many of them
were deliberately killed using gas, and others died of hun-
ger or working too hard. Some of these camps were ir
Germany, and others were in countries occupied(OCCUPY
by Germany. The names of the concentration camps in-
clude AUSCHWITZ, BELSEN, BUCHENWALD, and DACHAU
在人们印象中，集中营主要与第二次世界大战有关，为纳粹分
子所建造，许多人死在那里，其中除吉普赛人和同性恋者外还
包括300万左右的犹太人，称为大屠杀。他们中许多人被故意
用煤气毒死，其他人则死于饥饿或过度劳累。一部分集中营建
在德国，还有些建在被德国占领的国家内，集中营的名字包括
奥斯威辛、贝尔森、布痕瓦尔德和达豪等
con-cen-tric /ken`sentrik; ken'sentrik/ adj [(with)] tech hav. 
ing the same centre【术语】同中心的；同轴的：concentric circle
同心圆
con-cept /`kansept; 'konsept/ n [(of)] a thought, idea, or
principle; NOTION 概念；观念；思想：It is difficult to grasp the
concept of infinite space. 掌握无限空间的概念是很难的。
con. cep. tion/ken`sepfen; ken'sepfan/ n 1 [C; U (of)] (a) gen
eral understanding; idea 概念；观念；思想；见解：He's got q
pretty strange conception of friendship. 他对友谊有一种非常
独特的见解。| You've no conception of what it was like to be
here. 你完全不知道在那儿是什么滋味。2[U] the act of form
ing an idea, plan etc 设想，构思，构想：The conception of the
book took five minutes, but writing it took a year. 构想那本书
只花了五分钟，而写那书却用了一年。3[C; U] tech the starting
of a new life by the union of a male and a female sex cell【术
语】妊娠，怀孕
con. cep. tu. al /ken`septfuel; ken'septfuel/ adj fml of or based
on the formation of concepts【正式】概念的；观念的；构思的：the
conceptual framework of the play 剧本的构思框架 — ~ly ady
conceptual art /，. ·. '/ n [U] tech art in which the artist in-
tends to describe an idea rather than make an art object【术语】
概念艺术〔其目的不在于创造艺术对象，而是在于描述概念的一种
艺术〕
con·cep·tu·al·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/ken`saptfuel aiz:
ken'septfuelaiz/ v[I; T] to form a concept (of)(使)概念化，（使）
形成概念
con. cern'/ken`s3n; ken's3:n/ v[T not usually in progressive
forms 一般不用于进行式] 1 [no pass. 无被动语态] to be about
与··有关系，涉及：This article concerns a man who was
wrongly imprisoned. 这篇文章写的是一个被误抓入狱的人。2
to be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 对··有重
要性：影响到：These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响
到我们每一个人。| This regulation doesn't concern you, so
don't worry about it. 这条规则与你无关，因此不必担心。|T
whom it may concern. (=the beginning of a letter that any. 
one may read)敬启者· 3 [(about, with) to worry or interest
(especially yourself)使〔尤指自己〕担心，使挂念；使关心：It isn't
your problem-don't concern yourself with it. 这不是你的问
题，别担心
concern2n 1 [C] a matter that is of interest or importance to
someone 所关切的事；有利害关系的事：“I'm only worried about
your school work, \" said the teacher. \"Your private life isn't
my concern. ” “我担心的只是你的功课，”老师说，“你的私生活可
不是我管的事。”| a policy that fails to address (=deal with)
the concerns of ethnic minorities 一项没有过问少数民族所关
心的问题的政策 | How much money I earn is none of your
concernlis no concern of yours. 我挣多少钱与你无关。2 [C:U
(for, about)] worry; anxiety 担心；忧虑：There is no cause for
concern; your son's accident was not too serious. 不必担心，
你儿子的事故不太严重。| a matter of considerable public con-
cern 公众大为忧虑的事情 | a teacher's concern for his stu
dents 老师对学生的担心 | The report expressed serious/grave
concern about the doctor's competence. 报告表达了对该医生
之能力的严重忧虑。3 [C] a business company; ENTERPRISE 商
号，公司；企业：It was two years before the business was a
going concern. (=a successful operation)过了两年时间，这家
商店才兴隆起来。| The restaurant is a family concern. 这家
饭店是由一家人经营的。
con-cerned/ken`s3nd: ken's3:nd/ adj1 [(about, for)] anxious:
worried 担心的，挂虑的：He has never been very concerned
about what other people think of him. 他从来不大在乎别人怎
样看他。| The children's mother was very concerned for their
safety when they didn't come back from school at the usual
time. 孩子们没有在通常的时间放学回家，母亲很为他们的安全担
心。| Concerned parents approached the school about the
problem. 忧心忡忡的家长为这事接触过学校。— see 参见 NER·
yOUS (USAGE) 2 [F (for)] having an active personal interest:
SOLICITOUS 关切的，关心的：I am concerned for their happiness. 
我很关心他们的幸福。| [+to-v/that] She's most concerned to
solve this problem/that this problem should be solved. 她对
解决这个问题十分关注。 — see also 另见 UNCONCERNED 3 [F
(in); after n 用于名词后] having something to do with; taking
part 有关的，有牵连的；参与的：Everyone who was concerned
in the affair regrets it very much. 所有参与了这件事的人都对
此事感到非常懊悔。| I have enjoyed my visit very much, and
would like to thank all (the people) concerned. 我对访问非常
满意，谢谢所有的有关人员。|I'll pass on your comments to
the people concerned. 我将把你的意见转告给有关人士。4as
far as I'm/you're etc concerned to the degree that it has an
influence on or matters to me/you etc 就我 [你等] 而言：As far
as we're concerned you can go whenever you want. (=we
don't mind when you go)就我们而言，你们随时想走都可以走。
As far as I'm concerned (=in my opinion) the whole idea is
crazy. 依我之见，这整个想法真是荒诞之极。5 be concerned
with to be about 与··有关系：This story is concerned with d
Russian family in the 19th century. 这个故事讲的是19世纪一
个俄国家庭的事情。6 where something is concerned in mat-
ters that have an effect on something 就某事而言，在某种事情
上：Where money is concerned, I always try to be very careful. 
在有关钱的问题上，我总是尽量小心谨慎
con·cern·ed. ly /ken`s3ndli; ken's3:ndli/ adv in a concerned
way 担心地；挂念地；关切地
con. cern-ing /ken`s3nin; ken's3:nin/ prep rather fiml about:
with regard to; in connection with【较正式】关于：Concerning
your request, I am pleased to inform you that . 关于你的请
求，我非常高兴地告诉你·· | Police are anxious to hear any
information concerning his whereabouts. 警方迫切想知道有
关他下落的任何情况
con-cert/kans3t; 'konset/ n 1 a performance given by a num-
ber of musicians 音乐会； to attend a concert of Vivaldi's mu-
sic 出席维瓦尔第作品音乐会 | record crowds at Elton John's
concert on Saturday 星期六在埃尔顿·约翰的演唱会上创记录的
观众人数| tickets for a pop concert 流行音乐会的入场券 -
compare 比较 RECITAL(1)2 in concert a fml working together:
in agreement【正式】一致，一齐：The various governments de-
cided to act in concert over this matter. 各国政府决定就此事
采取一致行动。b playing or singing at a concert 在音乐会演出：
We went to see Cliff Richard in concert at the Palladium. 我
们去看克利夫·理查德在帕拉迪姆剧场的现场表演，
con-cert·ed/ken`s3tid; ken's3:td/ adj planned or done together
by agreement; combined 商定的；一致的；协同完成的；The Eu-
ropean governments made a concerted effort to stop drug
smuggling. 欧洲各国政府齐心协力制止毒品走私。 — ~ly adv
con. cert. go. er /`kans3t, go; 'konset, geue/ n a person who
often goes to concerts常去听音乐会的人
concert grand /，. '/ n a piano of the largest size, played espe-
cially at concerts〔音乐会上用的〕大型钢琴
concert hall /'. /n a large public building where especially
concerts are performed 音乐厅
con. cer·ti. na1/ kanse`tine; , konse'ti:ne/ n a small musical in-
strument of the ACCORDION family, held and played in the hands
by pressing in from each side 六角形手风琴
concertina2v -naed, -naing [I] BrE infml (of a vehicle) to
become pressed together like a concertina as the result of a
crash【英，非正式】〔车辆〕由于碰撞而挤扁：The lorry concertinaed
when it hit the wall. 货车撞在墙上给压扁了
con·cert·mas·ter /kansot, maesto; 'konset, ma:ste'/ n AmE for
【美】=LEADER(3)交响乐队之第一小提琴手
con-certo /ken`tferto; ken'tf3:teu/ n -tos a piece of music for
one or more SOLO instruments and ORCHESTRA 协奏曲
oncert pitch /'·，/ n [U] 1 tech the PITCH (=the degree of
highness or lowness of sound) used as the standard for all
musical instruments【术语】标准音高 2 at concert pitch (for)
BrE in a state of complete, and perhaps anxious, readiness and
fitness【英】跃跃欲试；处于充分准备状态：After all the briefing
sessions at head office, our sales team is at concert pitch. 在
0352
总公司开过各种情况介绍会后，我们的全体销售人员都跃跃欲试准
备大干一场
con·ces. sion /ken`sefen; ken'sefan/ n 1 [C] a point, right etc
given or allowed, especially unwillingly or after a disagree-
ment 让步：She wouldn't let her son have a car, but as a con
cession she offered to give him some money towards a
motorbike. 她不让儿子买汽车，但作为让步给了他一些钱支持他
买摩托车。| The President pledged never to make conces-
sions to terrorists. 总统发誓决不向恐怖分子让步。 — see also
另见 CONCEDE 2 [U] fml the act of giving or allowing some-
thing as a right【正式】特许，许可：The law includes special con-
cessions for certain religious groups. 这项法律包括了对某些
宗教团体的特许。3 [C] a right given by a government, an owner
of land etc to perform some type of business activity in a place
or property belonging to the giver of the right 特许权； oil con-
cessions in the North Sea_北海石油开采特许权 | [+to-yl He's
won a concession to sell food in the town hall. 他得到了在市
政厅出售食品的特许权。4[C] BrE infml a person who is giver
a concessionary price【英，非正式】享受优惠价者：Admission f2
Concessions ￡l. 入场券每张2英镑。享受优惠价者1英镑。
see also 另见 CONCESSIONS
on. ces. sion. aire /ken sfen`Er; ken, sefe'nee/ n infml some
one who has been given a CONCESSION (3)【非正式】特许权获
得者
con. ces. sion. ar. y /ken`sefen, ri; ken'sefeneri/ adj1 given as
a concession 让步的；让与的 2 BrE (of the price of something
specially reduced. Concessionary prices are given to certain
groups of people with little money, e. g. PENSIONERS and
students, for various things, e. g. travel or entry to a theatre or
cinema. 【英】〔价格〕减价的，优惠的〔退休人员、学生等没什么钱
的人在许多事情上可以享受优惠价格，如旅行、看戏或看电影〕
con·ces·sions /ken`sfnz; ken'sefanz/ n [P] AmE the goods
available from a CONCESSION STAND【美】货摊上的货物
concession stand /'. / n AmE a small business that sells
food and drinks or SOUVENIRS at a sporting event, cinema. 
theatre, or tourist attraction【美】〔运动会、电影院、戏院或旅游
胜地出售食物或纪念品的)货摊：You can get hot dogs at the
concession stand over there. 你可以在那里的货摊上买到热狗。
concessive clause /ken, sesiv `kloz; ken, sesiv 'klo:z/ n a
CLAUSE, often introduced by 'although', which shows will-
ingness to CONCEDE (=to admit) a point that goes against the
main argument of a sentence 让步从句：The sentence 'Although
it's old, it still works well', begins with a concessive clause
“Although it's old, it still works well. ”这一句子是以一个让步
从句开头的。
conch /kank; kontf/ n (the large twisted shell of) a SNAIL-like
tropical sea animal 海螺（壳）
con-chie, conchy /`kanfi; 'konfi/ n derog, especially BrE a
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR【贬，尤英】〔由于宗教或道德原因〕拒
服兵役者
con·chol. o. gy /kan`kaled3i; kon'kpled3i/ n [U] tech the sci-
entific study of shells and the animals that live in them【术语】
贝壳学；贝类学 - -gist n
con·ci·erge /kansi`r3; konsi'ee3/ n Fr【法】1 (especially ir
France)a person who looks after the entrance to a block of
flats （尤指法国的）公寓管理员，看门人 2 especially AmE a per
son working in a hotel who looks after the special needs of
guests【尤美】旅馆中照应客人特殊需要的服务员
con. cil-i. ate /ken`sili et; ken'silieit/ v [T] fml to win the sup
port or friendly feelings of (someone), removing the anger or
distrust they felt before【正式】赢得··的支持[好感]；安抚：平息·
的怒火--ator n
con·cil·i·a·tion /ken, sili`efen; ken, sili'eifan/ n [U] the act or
process of conciliating 安抚，抚慰；和好；和解：The government
ignored the union's attempts at conciliation. 政府对于工会寻
求和解的努力置之不理
conciliation ser·vice /····. ·/ n BrE an organization which
tries to bring about agreement between the opposite sides when
there is an industrial disagreement【英】〔解决劳资纠纷的〕调解
部门：The conciliation service failed to resolve the dispute
between management and the union. 调解部门未能解决资方
和工会之间的纠纷。 — see also 另见 ACAS
con. cil. i. a. to. ry /ken`silie, tori; ken'silietari/ adj trying to con
ciliate or intended to conciliate 安抚的，劝慰的；和解的：a con
ciliatory gesturelattitude 和解的姿态[态度]
con·cise /ken`sais; ken'sais/ adj short and clear; expressing a
lot in a few words 简明的，简洁的；简要的：a concise explana-
tion/book/speaker 简明的解释；内容简明的书；讲话简洁明了的
人 — ~ly adv
con·ci·sion /ken`si3en; ken'si3an/ also又作 con·cise·ness /ken
saisnis; ken'saisns/ - n [U] the quality of being concise 简
洁，简明：the clarity and concision of his account 他简洁明了
的陈述
con-clave /kanklev; 'konkleiv/ n [C(of)+sing. /pl. v] a private
secret meeting 秘密会议：A conclave of cardinals was held to
elect the new Pope. 枢机主教团举行了秘密会议来选举新教皇。
The ministers sat/metin conclave to consider the matter. 部
长们举行了秘密会议来考虑此事。
con-clude /ken`klud; ken'klu:d/v rather fml【较正式】1 [I; T
(by, with)] to (cause to) come to an end结束，终止，使完毕：
We concluded the meeting at 8 o'clock with a prayer/by say-
ing a prayer. 我们在8点钟以祈祷结束了会议。2 [T+that; obj, 
not in progressive forms 不用进行式] to come to believe after
consideration of known facts; reach a decision or judgment
(that)作出结论，推论出，断定：The inquiry concluded that the
accident had been caused by human error. 调查结果认为，事
故是人为失误造成的。3 [T(with)] to arrange or settle(something), 
often after long talking or argument 议定；缔结；谈定：to con
clude an agreement/a sale 签订协议：做成一笔生意
con. clu·sion /ken`klu3en; ken'klu:3an/ n 1 [C] a judgment or
decision reached after consideration 结论；推论：These are the
report's main conclusions. 这些是报告的主要结论。| What
conclusions did you come toldraw/reach?你得出的是什么结
论？ | [+that] She came to the conclusion that he had forgotten. 
她断定他是忘记了。| Be careful not to jump to conclusions
(=form a judgment too quickly)注意不要匆忙下结论。2 [C
the end; closing part 结尾；结局；结果； I found the conclusion
of his book very interesting. 我觉得他这本书的结尾很有趣。|
In conclusion (=as the last thing), I should like to say how
much I have enjoyed myself. 最后，我想说说我过得有多么愉
快。3 [U(of)] the arrangement or settlement of something. 
such as a business deal 缔结；商定，议定：the conclusion of a
peace treaty 和平条约的缔结 — see also 另见 FOREGONE CON-
CLUSION
con. clu. sive /ken`klusiv; ken'klu:siv/ adj putting an end to
doubt or uncertainty 结论性的，决定性的；无可置疑的：a con-
clusive argument 无可置疑的论点| conclusive evidence 确凿
的证据| conclusive proof that he was the murderer 证明他是
凶手的确实证据 — opposite 反义词 inconclusive — ~ly adv:
This proves conclusively that she was telling the truth. 这毫
无疑问地证明她说的是实话。
con. coct /kan`kakt; ken'kokt/ v [T] 1 to make (something) by
mixing or combining parts 调制，配制：Jean concocted a splen
did meal from the leftovers, 琼用残羹剩菜做了一顿很可口的
饭。2 to invent (something false) so as to deceive 捏造，编造，
虚构：John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late. 约
翰为迟到编造了一个巧妙的借口
con-coc·tion/kan`kakfen; ken'kokfan/n something concocted
调制品；调配物：They gave me a very strange concoction to
drink. 他们给我喝了一种味道很怪的调制饮料
con-com-i·tant' /kan`kametent; ken'komstent/ adj [(with)] fml
existing or happening together with something else【正式】并
存的；相伴的；伴随而来的：war with all its concomitant suffer-
ings 战争以及伴随而来的灾难 — ~ly adv
concomitant2n [(of)] fml something that often or naturally
goes with something else【正式】伴随而来之物：相伴物：Deaf
ness is a frequent concomitant of old age. 耳聋常常是伴随老
年而出现的现象
con-cord /'kankord; 'konko:d/ n [U]1 fml friendly relationship
peace and agreement【正式】和睦；和谐；一致：These neighbouring
states had lived in concord for centuries. 这些相互毗邻的国
家几个世纪以来一直和睦相处。 — compare 比较 DISCORD 2 tech
(in grammar)agreement between words, especially between a
verb and the subject of a sentence【术语】〔语法上性、数、人称
等的〕一致
con-cor-dance /kan`kordns; ken'ko:dans/ n tech an alphabeti-
cal list of all the words used in a book or collection of books
by one writer, with information about where they can be found
and usually about how they are used【术语】〔某作家或书籍中
所用的)语词索引：a Shakespeare concordance 莎士比亚语词
索引
con-cor-dant /kan`kordnt; ken'ko:dant/ adj [(with)] fml being
in agreement or of the same regular pattern【正式】和谐的，-
致的，协调的
con. cor. dat /kan`kordaet; kon'ko:daet/ n tech an agreement
between separate groups, especially between the church and a
state on religious matters【术语】〔不同组织间的〕协议；〔尤指教
会与国家间的〕宗教事务协定
Con-corde /kankord; 'konko:d/ trademark a type of passen
ger aircraft, which flies at twice the speed of sound and is the
0353
fastest in the world. Concorde is a long thin plane with a long
pointed front. It was built by British and French designers and
engineers working together, and both BRITISH AIRWAYS and
AIR FRANCE provide flights on Concorde, which are expensive. 
but fashionable. 【商标】协和式飞机〔世界上最快的客机，速度是
音速的两倍。机头部分尖长，机身瘦长，由英法设计师、工程师共
同建造。英国航空公司和法国航空公司都提供协和式班机，价格昂
贵但很时髦)：He likes to travel in style, so he's going on
Concorde. 他喜欢豪华旅游，所以打算乘坐协和式飞机。
con-course/kankors; 'konko:s/n 1 a hall or open place where
passages or roads meet and crowds of people can gather大厅
广场: the airport concourse机场大厅 2 an act of coming or
happening together 集合，群集；汇合：a large concourse
people 汇集在一起的一群人
con. crete1/kankrit; 'konkri:t/ adj1 existing as something rea
or solid, rather than as an idea or something imagined in the
mind 实在的，有形的：A car is a concrete object, but speed is
not. 汽车是有形的实物，而速度则不是。| (fig. 喻) I need some-
thing a bit more concrete than an apology from you - how
about some compensation?你只是道歉不成，我要的是些实在
的东西，比方说给些赔偿怎么样？ | The word ‘car' is a concrete
noun. car 这个词是个具体名词。 — compare 比较 ABSTRACT
(1)2 particular as opposed to general; clear; DEFINITE 具体的
明确的；确定的：Have you got any concrete proposals as to
what we should do?至于我们该做些什么，你有什么具体的建
议吗？ | There's no concrete evidence of their guilt. 没有确凿
的证据证明他们有罪。3 made of concrete 混凝土制的：a con-
crete floor 混凝土地面 — ~ly adv
con·crete2/`kankrit; 'konkri:t/ n [U] a building material made
by mixing sand, very small stones, cement, and water 混凝土：
reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土
concrete3v [T] to cover (a path, wall etc) with concrete用混凝
土浇筑[覆盖]：They'd had their garden concreted over. 他们
把院子全都铺上了混凝土
concrete jun. gle/. . '·/ n an unpleasant city area full of big
ugly buildings and with no open spaces 水泥[都市]丛林〔指高
楼林立没有空间的城区〕
concrete mix·er /'· ，·/ n a CEMENT MIXER 混凝土搅拌机
con. cu·bi·nage /kan`kjubenid3; kon'kju:bnid3/n [U] fml or
tech the practice of living together as husband and wife with
out being married【正式或术语】姘居，非法同居
con. cu·bine/kankju bain; 'konkibain/ n a woman who lives
with and has sex with, but is not married to, an Eastern ruler
(东方国家君主的)妾，妃子：The king had four wives and twenty
concubines. 这个国王有4个妻子和20个妃子。
con·cu·pis. cence /kan`kjupesns; ken'kju:psans/ n [U] fm
sexual desire; LUST【正式】性欲，色欲 -- -cent ad
con. cur /ken`k3; ken'k3:/v-rr-[I] fml【正式】1 [(with)] to
agree; have the same opinion 同意，观点一致：The two judges
concurred (with one another) on the ruling, 两位法官对这个
判决意见一致。2 to happen at the same time; COINCIDE 同时发
生：[+to-v] Everything concurred to produce the desired effect
所有的事情都凑在一起造成了这种预期的效果
con·cur·rence /ken`k3ens; ken'kvrens/n fml【正式】1 [U] an
agreement of opinion 同意，一致 2 [C (of)] an example of
actions, events etc, happening at the same time同时发生的事：
an interesting concurrence of events 几桩事同时发生的巧合
con·cur·rent/ken`k3ent; ken'kvrent/ adj[(with)] 1 existing or
happening at the same time 并存的；同时发生的：He is serving
two concurrent prison sentences. (=two sentences intendec
to run at the same time)他在服合并执行的两个徒刑。2 fml in
agreement【正式】一致的，同意的：My opinions are concurrent
with yours. 我的观点同你的一致。 — ~ly adv: Three of his plays
are running concurrently on Broadway. 他的三个剧作正同时
在百老汇上演
con-cuss/ken`kvs; ken'kvs/ ν [T often pass. 常用被动语态] es-
Decially BrE to cause concussion to【尤英】使成脑震荡: The
driver of the crashed car was badly concussed. 被撞毁汽车上
的司机给撞成了严重的脑震荡
con. cus. sion/ken`kvfen; ken'kvfen/ n [U] damage to the brain
(usually not long-lasting) caused by a heavy blow, shock, or
violent shaking 脑震荡：The little boy fell out of a window and
was taken to hospital suffering from concussion. 那小孩从窗
口掉了出去，摔成脑震荡被送进了医院。
con·demn/ken`dem; ken'dem/ v [T] 1 [(as)] to express very
strong disapproval of (someone or something)谴责，强烈指责
Most people would condemn violence of any sort. 大多数人都
会谴责任何形式的暴力行为。| The law has been condemned
by its opponents as an attack on personal liberty. 这项法律被
反对者指责为对人身自由的侵犯。2 [(to)] to state the punish-
ment for (a guilty person), especially a punishment of death or
long imprisonment 给··判刑〔尤指判死刑或长期徒刑〕；给··定
罪：The prisoner was condemned to death. 该囚犯被判处死
刑。| the condemned man 被判刑[定罪]的人 | [+obj+to-v]
The judge condemned her to spena six vears in prisor. 法官
判处她六年徒刑。3[(to)] to force into an unhappy state or situ
ation 迫使·陷于不幸的境地：His bad leg condemned him to a
wheelchair. 他的残腿使他不得不成天坐在轮椅上。| Her shy-
ness condemned her to a life of loneliness. 她生性腼腆，这使
得她的生活很孤独。4[(as)] to declare(something) officially
unfit for use 宣告〔某物)不适用：Although this house is con-
demned (as unfit), an old lady still lives here. 虽然这房子被
0
宣告不能住人了，一位老太太还是住在这儿。5 to show the guilt
of (a person) 表明〔某人)有罪：His nervousness condemned
him. 他的紧张显示出他有罪
con·dem·na·tion/kandm`nefen; kondem'neifan/ n [C; U
(of)] (an example of) the act of condemning 谴责：Condemna-
tions of the terrorist bombing came from all over the world. 
全世界都谴责恐怖分子制造的爆炸事件。| The congressmen
were unanimous in their condemnation. 国会议员一致提出谴
责。
condemned cell/'/ n BrE a room where prisoners who are
to be punished by death are kept【英】死刑犯牢房 — see alsc
另见 DEATH ROW
con-den·sa·tion/, kandan`sefen; , konden'seifan/ n 1 [U (of)]
tech the change from a gas to a liquid or, sometimes, to a solid
【术语】凝结；冷凝：the condensation of steam into water 蒸汽
冷凝为水 2[U] small drops of liquid or solid formed in this
way, especially drops of water formed when steam becomes
cool 凝结物；冷凝物〔尤指蒸汽遇冷结成的水珠)：There was a
lot of condensation on the windows. 窗户上有不少蒸汽遇冷结
成的水珠。3 [C; U (of)](an example or result of) the act of
making something shorter 缩短；压缩；缩写本，节本
con-dense /ken`dens; ken'dens/ v1 [I; T] a (of a gas) to be-
come liquid, or sometimes solid, especially by becoming cooler
〔气体〕冷凝，凝结 b to cause (a gas) to do this 使冷凝，使凝结
2 [T] to make (a liquid) thicker by removing some of the water
使浓缩：condensed soup 浓汤 3 [T] to reduce (especially some-
thing written)to a smaller or shortened form压缩，缩写〔文章
等)：a condensed report 简缩的报告
condensed milk/···/ BrE【英】‖ sweetened condensed milk
AmE【美】— n [U] sweetened milk which is thickened by tak-
ing away some of the water, and is usually sold in tins 炼乳 --
compare 比较 EVAPORATED MILK
con-dens. er /ken`dense; ken'dense/n 1 an apparatus that
makes a gas change into a liquid 冷凝器，凝结器 2 a CAPACI-
TOR (=a machine for storing electricity, especially in a car
engine)电容器
con-de·scend/, kandi`send; kondi'send/ v[I]1 [+to-v] usu-
ally humor or derog to do something unsuited to your high
social or professional position【一般幽或贬】屈尊，俯就；降格以
从：The managing director condescended to have lunch with
us in the canteen. 董事总经理屈尊到食堂与我们一起用午餐。
2 [(to)] derog to behave as though you are better or more im-
portant than others【贬】带有优越感；表现出高人一等的样子：Mrs
Harris is always so condescending-who doe's she think she
is!哈里斯夫人总是表现出一副了不起的样子，她以为自己是个什
么人物！- -scension /-`senfen; -'senfan/ n[U]
con. dig. n/ken`daim; ken'dam/ adj fml (especially of punishment)
both severe and well deserved【正式】〔惩罚〕应得的，相当的-
~ly adv
con. di-ment/kandement; 'kondment/n fml a powder or liq-
uid used for giving a special taste to food【正式】调味品，佐料
Salt, ketchup, and pepper are condiments. 盐、番茄酱和胡椒
都是调味品
*con. di·tion'/ken`difen; ken'difan/ n 1 [C (of)] a state of being
or existence 状况，状态；地位：The astronauts soon got used to
the condition of weightlessness. 宇航员很快就习惯了失重状
态。| (old use 旧) people of every condition (=every positior
in society)各种身份的人 2 [U] a state of general health, fitness. 
or readiness for use 健康状况；良好状况；可使用的状况：His car
has been well maintained and is in excellent condition. 他的
车子保养得很好，各种机件状况极佳。|Archaeologists have
discovered some ancient jewellery in almost perfect condition
考古学家发现了一些几乎完好无损的古代珠宝。| a neglected
house in poor condition 破旧失修的房子 | Her condition is
improving. (=she is getting well again)她的健康在恢复。| Sit
still! You're in no condition to do anything, 坐着别动！你身体
不好，现在什么都不能做。| He's out of condition because he
never takes any exercise. 他身体不好，因为他从来不锻炼。3 [C
0354
(for, of)] something that is stated as necessary in order for
something else to happen or exist 条件；先决条件：They set
laid down strict conditions for letting us use their information
他们对于让我们使用资料一事规定了严格的条件。| The allies
insist on free elections as a condition of their continued
support. 同盟国坚持把自由选举作为他们继续予以支持的先决条
件。| Under the conditions of the agreement, the job must be
completed by the end of the month. 根据协议规定的条件，这项
工作必须在本月底完成。| [+that] She will join us on one
condition: that we divide all the profits equally. 她加入有一
个条件：即我们所有盈利都要平分。I'll comeon condition
(that)(=only if) John is invited too, 如果约翰也被邀请，我就
来。 — see also 另见 CONDITIONAL 4 [C] an illness of the stated
kind or body part 疾病：He has a heart condition. 他有心脏病。
5 on no condition BrE never; in no situation【英】绝不，无论
如何都不：This equipment should on no condition be used by
untrained staff. 这种设备绝不能让未经培训的人员使用。— see
also 另见 CONDITIONS
condition2y [T] 1 to have a controlling or deciding effect on:
DETERMINI 使取决于; 决定; 制约; What I can buy is cond-
tioned by the amount I earn. 我能买什么取决于我挣多少钱，
2 [+obj+to-v] tech or derog to train to behave in a certain way
in certain conditions【术语或贬】使形成条件反射；使适应；使习
惯于：Most people are conditioned to believe what they read
in the papers. 绝大多数人都习惯于相信他们在报上读到的东西。
 — see also 另见 CONDITIONING 3 to put into good health or a
good state for work or use 使健康；使处于良好状态：Your dog
looks very well conditioned. 你的狗看来很健康。| a shampod
that conditions the hair 有护发作用的洗发剂 — see also 另见
AIR-CONDITIONING, CONDITIONER
con·di·tion·al1/ken`difenl; ken'difenel/ adj[no comp. 无比较
级]1 [(on, upon)] depending on a certain condition or condi-
tions 附有（先决）条件的；视··而定的：His agreement to buy
our house was conditional on our leaving all the furniture in
it. 他同意买我们的房子，条件是我们得留下所有的家具。| a con
ditional acceptance 有条件的接受 — opposite 反义词 uncon. 
ditional 2(in grammar)expressing a condition or supposition
〔语法上〕条件的：A conditional clause often begins with the
words ‘if or ‘unless'. 条件从句常以if或unless等词开头。-
~ly ady
conditional2n (in grammar) a conditional form, especially a
sentence or CLAUSE 条件式；条件从句
conditional dis-charge /，. ·'·/n a judgment made by a court
which means that a person who has carried out a small crime is
allowed to go without punishment as long as they obey certain
conditions set by the court 附条件释放：He was lucky to get a
conditional discharge. 他很幸运，被判附条件释放。 — compare 
比较 SUSPENDED SENTENCE
conditioned re·flex /·，· '·/ also 又作 conditioned re·sponse
/··. '/ - n tech a REFLEX (=a movement which you have no
power to prevent) that is developed as the result of repeated
treatment or training【术语】条件反射[反应]； a conditioned re
sponse to a stimulus 对刺激的条件反射
con-di-tion-er /ken`difene; ken'difane/ n [C; U] 1 a liquid put
onto hair after washing to make it softer 护发素 2 also 又作
fabric conditioner - a liquid in which clothes etc are rinsed
(RINSE) after being washed, to make them softer 织物柔软剂，
衣物柔顺剂
con. di·tion·ing /ken`difenin; ken'difanin/ n [U] the process
by which people or animals are trained to behave in a certain
way in certain conditions 条件作用，形成条件反射的过程；训练
反应的过程 — see also 另见 AIR-CONDITIONING
con-di·tions /ken`difenz; ken'difanz/ n [P] the situation at a
particular place or surrounding facts and events; CIRCUM
STANCES 形势，环境，外界状况：The union has striven to im-
prove our working conditions. 工会力争改善我们的工作条件。|
Under present conditions we cannot possibly increase our
pay offer. 在目前的情况下，我们不可能增加工资。| The fog and
ice made driving conditions very bad, 雾和冰使驾驶状况糟透
了。| What are housing conditions like in East London?伦敦
东部的住房状况怎么样？| Conditions in the famine area have
been described as 'desperate'. 饥荒地区的情况被描述为已到
了“绝望”境地。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 conditions and 和
situation. They can both mean'state of affairs: circumstances
两个字均可以表示“形势、事态、情况”：We are studying the
economic conditions/situation in several developing
countries. (我们在研究几个发展中国家的经济形势[情况]。
Conditions here suggests matters which affect daily life
such as food, work, and houses. Situation suggests more
general matters such as government planning and FINANCE. 
这里的conditions 指影响日常生活的事物，如食物、工作、住
房等；situation则指更具有普遍意义的东西，诸如政府计划和
财政等。Conditions often describes something that has
stayed the same for some time, but situation may suggest
a recent change. conditions 经常表示事物在一段时间内保
持不变，而 situation 则可能含有最近发生过变化的意思
weather conditions of the Arctic winter 北冰洋冬季的天
气情况| the political situation in Eastern Europe 东欧的
政治形势
con·do /`kando; 'kondeu/ n AmE for【美】=CONDOMINIUM
con·dole /ken`dol; ken'deul/ y
condole with sbdy. phr v [T (on, over)] to express condo. 
lences to 吊慰；慰问，向··表示同情
con·do·lence /ken`dolens; ken'deulens/n [C often pl 常用复
数；U(on)](an expression of) sympathy for someone who has
experienced great sorrow, misfortune etc吊唁，吊慰；哀悼；唁
辞，慰问的词句：Please accept my condolences on your mother's
death. 请接受我对令堂谢世表示的哀悼。| a letter of condo-
lence 吊唁信 — compare 比较 COMMISERATION
con·dom /kandem; 'kondem/ also 又作 sheath, prophylactic
especially AmE【尤美】- n a covering, usually of rubber, worn
over the male sex organ during sex, used as a means of BIRTH
CONTROL and protection against disease男性避孕套，保险套
Oh no! The condom's split/burst. 哎呀，不好了，避孕套破了。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Since the spread of AIDS
in the early 1980s, people have been encouraged to have
SAFE SEX by using condoms to prevent the spread of AIDS
and other diseases. 自从艾滋病于20世纪80年代传播以来
人们一直在提倡使用避孕套进行安全性交，以防止艾滋病及其
他疾病的传播
con·do·min·i·um /kande`miniem; konde'miniem/n1 [C
AmE also 又作 condo (a flat in) a block of flats of which each
one is owned by the people living in it【美】私人拥有的一套公
寓单元；由许多私人拥有的公寓住宅单位组成的公寓大楼2[C:
U] rule of a country by two or more other states acting together; 
a country ruled in this way〔由两国以上)共同管辖；受共同管辖
的国土[地区]：the English-French condominium of the New
Hebrides 英法共管的新赫布里底群岛
con·done /ken`don; ken'deun/ v [T] to forgive (wrong behaviour); 
regard (a wrong action) as harmless or acceptable宽恕，原谅
对··表示宽容：I cannot condone the use of violence under any
circumstances. 我不能宽恕使用暴力的行为。
con. dor /`kande; 'kondo:/ n a very large American VULTURE
(=a bird that feeds on dead bodies)〔美洲的〕神鹰；兀鹫
con. duce /ken`djus; ken'dju:s/ v
conduce to/towards sthg. phr v [T] fml to help to produce
be conducive to【正式】导致；有助于
con·du. cive /ken`djusiv; ken'dju:siv/ adj [F+to] rather fm
likely to produce; helping (an especially desirable result) to
happen【较正式】导致·的；有助于··的； The atmosphere in the
conference room was hardly conducive to frank and friendly
discussions. 会议室的气氛难以促成坦诚和友好的讨论。|The
friendly tone of the meeting seemed conducive to finding c
solution to the probler. 会议友好的气氛似乎有助于找到解决
问题的办法。 — ~ness n[U (to)]
con-duct1/ken`dakt; ken'dvkt/ v1 [T] to go with and guide or
lead 陪伴；引导，带领：The guide conducted us round the castle
导游陪伴我们游览了古堡。| We went on aconducted tour of
the cathedral. 我们在导游的引导下参观了大教堂。2 [T] to carry
out or direct 进行；实施；经营；管理；处理：The business is con-
ducted from small offices in the City. 这买卖是由伦敦商业区
内的小营业所管理的。| The company conducted a survey to
find out local reaction to the leisure centre. 公司进行了一项
调查以了解当地对游乐活动中心的反应。| The government is
to conduct an inquiry into the incident. 政府将要对这起事件
进行调查。3[T+obj+adv/prep] fml to behave (yourself)【正式】
表现，为人：I think he conducted himself admirably, consid-
ering the difficult circumstances. 考虑到那种困难的情况，我
认为他的表现令人钦佩。4 [I; T] to direct the playing of (musicians
or a musical work)指挥〔乐队〕5 [T] to act as the path for
(electricity, heat etc)传导〔电、热等)：Plastic and rubber won't
conduct electricity, but copper will. 塑料和橡胶不导电，但铜
是导电的。 — see also 另见 CONDUCTOR
0355
con-duct2/`kandvkt: 'kpndvkt/ n [U] 1 fm/ behaviour【正式)
行为：举止：表现：品行：The reporter was accused of unethi
callunprofessional conduct. 那位记者被指控有不道德[违反职
业道德]的行为。| a prize for good conduct 品行优秀奖 2 [(of)]
direction of the course of (a business, activity etc)处理；管理
经营；指导；实施：dissatisfaction with the conduct of the warl
the negotiations 对战争的指挥[谈判的进展]的不满
con. duc. tion/ken`dakfen; ken'dakfan/ n [U] the passage of
electricity along wires, water through pipes etc 传导；输送；传
输
con-duc. tive/ken`daktiv; ken'daktiv/ adj tech able to conduct
electricity, heat etc【术语】传导性的；导电[热]的：Copper is a
very conductive metal, 铜是一种传导性能很好的金属。一 -tivity
kandak`tiveti; kondak'trvti/n [U]: the high conductivity of
copper铜的极好的导电性能
conductive ed. u. ca. tion /. . . . /n a system for teaching
children with CEREBRAL PALSY to use their minds and bodies
as much as they possibly can. It was developed in Hungary by
Dr Andras Peto. 传导式教育〔教授脑瘫儿童尽可能使用大脑和肢
体的一种方法，由医生安德拉斯·皮托在匈牙利发展起来的〕
con. duc. tor/ken`dvkte: ken'dvkte/n 1 a person who directs
the playing of a group of musicians, usually by waving a BA-
TON (1)〔乐队等的)指挥 2 something that acts as a path for
electricity, heat etc 导体：Wood is a poor conductor of heat
木头的导热性很差。 — see also 另见 LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR
3 a person employed to collect payments from passengers on
a public vehicle. Conductors on buses are now quite rare in
Britain and the US; it is more usual to buy a ticket before trav
elling or to pay the DRIVER of the vehicle. 〔公共汽车，电车等
的〕售票员〔在英国和美国公共汽车售票员现已很少见了，更为普
遍的是买好预售票或直接付钱给司机)4 especially AmE the
guard on a train【尤美】列车员
conductor rail/·'· ·/ ‖ usually 一般用 third rail, live rail AmE
【美】- n tech the RAIL'(2) from which electricity is passed to
an electric railway engine【术语】〔电力机车的〕导电轨，接触轨
con-duct·ress/ken`daktris; ken'daktrs/ n old-fash a female
CONDUCTOR(3)【过时】女售票员
con-duit/kandit; 'kondit/ n a pipe or passage for carrying water
gas, a set of electric wires etc 管道；导管；水道；水管；导线管
电缆沟：(fig. 喻)a foreign-registered company serving as a
conduit for money flowing out of the country 一家在外国注册
的专事把钱财从这个国家倒到国外去的公司
cone'/kon; keun/ n 1 a solid figure with a round base and a
point at the top 圆锥体 — see also 另见 CONIC, CONICAL 2 a
hollow or solid object shaped like this〔空心或实心的〕圆锥状
物：The police put those cones in the road as warning signs. 
警察把那些圆锥筒放在马路上作为警告标志。3 the fruit of a PINE
or FIR tree 球果；松球 — see also 另见 CONIFER 4 also 又作
cornet BrE【英】- a thin pastry container for ICE CREAM
pointed at one end, to be eaten together with its contents〔装冰
淇淋的〕圆锥型蛋卷
cone2v
conesthg.  offphr v [T] to close (a road or part of a road)
to traffic by putting a row of CONEs (2) across or along it 用圆
锥筒将··隔开
cone-head/`konhed; 'keunhed/ n AmE humor an imaginary
person from another world who has a head shaped like a cone
but otherwise looks like a human. Coneheads know very little
about human life and customs and are always surprised by them
Coneheads were created by performers on the American tele. 
vision programme Saturday Night Live. 【美，幽】尖头人〔来自
另一世界的虚构人物，头部呈圆锥形，但其他方面都像人类。他们
对人类的生活习俗几乎一无所知，经常被惊吓得目瞪口呆。这形象
是由美国电视节目《星期六夜生活》的表演者创造的
co·ney/`koni; 'keuni/ n a rabbit; CONY 兔
Coney Is land/, . '·/ an area of Brooklyn, New York, famous
for its amusement park and BEACH 科尼艾兰〔纽约布鲁克林-
地区，以游乐场和海滩闻名〕
con-fab·u·late/ken`faebje let; , ken'faebjleit/v[I(with)] pomp
to talk together【夸张】谈话，闲谈
con·fab·u·la·tion/ken, faebje`lefen; ken. faebj'leifan/ also又
作 con·fab /`kanfaeb; 'konfaeb/ infml【非正式】- n pomp a pri-
vate conversation【夸张】私下谈话；闲谈，谈心：Let's have a
short confab about it before we decide. 在决定以前，让我们先
简单地谈一下。
con-fec-tion/ken`fekfen: ken'fekfan/ n fml a sweet-tasting dish
【正式】甜食；甜点心；糖果；蜜饯
con-fec. tion. er /ken`fekfene; ken'fekfane'/n a person who
makes or sells sweets, ice cream, cakes etc〔制作或出售糖果，
冰淇淋、糕点等的〕甜食商
confectioner's sug·ar/·'·· ·/ n [U] AmE for【美】= ICING
SUGAR
con-fec·tion·e·ry/ken`fekfen eri; ken'fekfen ari/n1 [U] sweets
ice cream, cakes etc 糖果点心类食品，甜食 2 [C] a confectioner's
shop 糖果点心店
con·fed·e·ra. cy/ken`federesi; ken'fedaresi/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a
union of people, parties, or states, especially for political pur
poses or trade 同盟，联盟：邦联
Confederacy, the also又作 the Confederate States /·. . /-
in the American Civil War, the southern states of the US, which
fought the northern states (the Union) and lost. Their most fa
mous leaders were Jefferson DAVIS and General Robert E. LEE
〔美国南北战争时的〕南部邦联〔其最著名的领导人为杰斐逊·戴维
斯和罗伯特·E. 李将军
con-fed·e·rate'/ken`federit; ken'fedart/ adj(sometimes cap
有时用大写)belonging to a confederacy or the Confederacy同
盟的，联合的：〔美国南北战争时〕南部邦联的：the Confederate
Army/States 南部联军[邦联]
confederate2n 1 derog a person who shares in a crime:
ACCOMPLICE【贬】共谋者，同伙，共犯 2 a member of a confed-
eracy 同盟者，联盟者；盟友；盟国 3 (often cap. 常用大写)AmE
a person who (today) shares the political views and aims of the
Confederacy【美】〔现在〕南部邦联的支持者
con-fed·e·rate3/ken`fade ret; ken'federeit/ v [I; T] to (cause
to) combine in a confederacy （使）结盟 [联合]：In 1949 New-
foundland was confederated with Canada through a referen-
dum. 1949年纽芬兰通过全民投票与加拿大结盟
Confederate flag /ken federit `flaeg; ken fedart 'flaeg/ n the
flag of the CONFEDERACY, which is still used, especially by
people in the S of the US, to show support for the ideas of the
Confederacy and for RACISM against black people 南部邦联旗
至今仍在使用，尤其被美国的南方人用来表示对南部邦联这一概
念以及歧视黑人的种族主义的支持)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The Confederate flag is
still often seen today, especially in the South. Some people
fly the flag just to show that they are proud to be a
Southerner, but other people fly the flag to show that they
think that white people are better than black people. 今天，
尤其在美国南部，还经常可以看到南部邦联旗。有些人挥舞旗
帜只是为了表示他们以身为南方人而自豪，但是还有些人却是
为了表示他们认为白人比黑人优越
con·fed·e·ra. tion/ken fede`refen; ken fede'reifan/ n a confed-
eracy同盟，联盟；邦联
Confederation of Brit-ish In-dus-try, the /. . . . / the
full name of the CBI 英国工业联合会
con-fer/ken`f3; ken'f3:/v -rr- fml【正式】1 [I (with)] to talk
together; compare opinions 商议，协商，交换意见：The minis-
ter is still conferring with his advisers, 部长还在同顾问交换
意见。2 [T (on, upon)] to give (a title, honour, favour etc)授
予〔头衔、荣誉勋章等)：An honorary degree was conferred or
him by the university. 这所大学授予他荣誉学位。 — ~ment n
[C; U
con-fe·rence /`kanferens; 'kpnfarens/ n [(on)] 1 a formal
meeting, e. g. between people who share the same business in
terests or belong to the same political party, which is held so
that opinions and ideas can be exchanged 会议：协商会，讨论
会：My boss attended a conference on plastics last weekend
我的老板在上个周末出席了一个有关塑料的讨论会。|The His
torical Association/Labour Party are holding their annual
conference next week. 历史学会[工党]下星期将举行年会。| 
The manager cannot see you now; she is in conference
(=having a business meeting)经理现在不能见你，她在开业务会
议。 — see also 另见 PRESS CONFERENCE 2 especially AmE in
a group of teams which play against each other; LEAGUE【尤
美】〔运动〕赛区；联合会：College football has two main
conferences, the Pac Ten and the Big Ten. 大学橄榄球有两大
赛区：太平洋赛区和十强赛区
conference call/'·, /n [C] a telephone call in which several
people in different places can all talk to each other电话会议
conference cen. tre/'·, . ·/ n a building with office equipment
which can be hired by companies as a place for holding meetings
EXHIBITIONS, and other business events〔供公司为举行会议，举
办展览以及进行其他商务活动租用的〕会议中心
conference ta-ble/'·, ·/ n a large table in an office where
meetings are held会议桌
con-fess/ken`fes; ken'fes/ v1 [I; T(to)] to admit (a fault, crime. 
or something wrong that you have done)承认〔错误、罪行等)；
供认，坦白：The prisoner has confessed (her crimelto the
0356
murder). 该犯人招认了（她的罪行[犯有谋杀罪]）。|[+y-ing
He confessed (to) leaving the cigarette on the chair. 他承认
把香烟留在椅子上。| [+(that)] Jean confessed (that) she'a
eaten all the cakes. 琼承认蛋糕都是她吃掉的。| I have to/must
confessI didn't believe him at first. 我得承认我起初并不相信
他。| [+obj+adi] (fml 正式) The police have confessed them-
selves (to be) completely puzzled by this strange crime. 警方
承认他们完全给这桩奇特的罪案搞糊涂了。2[I; T(to)] tech to
tell (your faults) to a priest or to God【术语】〔向上帝或神父)忏
悔〔过失〕；告解：to confess one's sins 忏悔罪过 3 [T] tech (of
a priest) to hear the CONFESSION (2) of (a person)【术语】〔神
父〕听取〔教徒〕的忏悔[告解]
con-fessed /ken`fest; ken'fest/ adj [A] not secret; having ad-
mitted it 众所周知的；已承认的：Mrs Jones is a (self-)confessed
alcoholic. 琼斯太太是众所周知的[自己公开承认的]嗜酒者。
a confessed criminal 已招认的罪犯 — ~ly /-`fesidli; -'fesdli/
adv
con-fession/ken`fefen; ken'fefan/ n 1 [C; U](an example of)
the act of admitting your crimes, faults etc 承认；坦白；供认；供
状：I've got a confession to make-I scraped your car when
I was parking mine. 有件事我得向你讲出来，我在停放汽车时
把你的车子刮花了。| He wrote and signed a full confession
of his guilt. 他写了有关他罪行的全部供词并签了字。| To rein
troduce the tax would be a confession of failure by the gov
ernment. 重新推行这项税制意味着政府承认失误。|(humor幽
默) \"I haven't brushed my teeth today. ” \"What a confession!'
“我今天没有刷牙。” “亏你说得出口！”2[C; U](an example of)
the act of telling your faults to a priest privately, e. g. in the
confessional〔向神父〕忏悔；告解
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Many Christians believe
that God will forgive their SINS(=the things they have done
that are wrong)if they confess them(=admit them to God
or to a priest). In the Roman Catholic religion, people go
to a priest to confess their sins. They usually begin their con-
fession by saying, 'Bless me, father, for I have sinned. 'The
priest then listens to their sins and gives them ABSOLU
TION(=complete forgiveness). The priest is never allowed
to tell anyone what that person has confessed, even if the
person has killed someone. 许多基督教徒相信，如果他们忏
悔上帝就会原谅他们的罪。天主教中，教徒去神父那里忏悔、
他们通常以“保佑我，神父，因为我有罪”开始忏悔。神父听后
就免了他们的罪。即使他杀了人，神父也不得将忏悔者的话告
诉任何人
3 [U] a religious service at which people admit their faults to
God 祷告式忏悔 4 [C (of)] fml (especially in religion) a decla-
ration of belief【正式】〔尤指宗教上的)信仰声明：a confession
of faith 信仰声明 5 [C+sing. /pl. v] tech a religious group
(usually Christian) with its own organization and a shared sys-
tem of belief【术语】〔常指基督教的〕宗教团体，教派
con-fes. sion. al /ken`fefenl; ken'fefanel/ n a place in a church
(usually an enclosed place) where the priest hears people make
their CONFESSION (2) （教堂内的）告解室； the secrets of the con
fessional告解室的秘密
confessional TV/. / n [U] a type of television programme
in which ordinary people talk openly about very personal prob-
lems and bad experiences that they have had. The Oprah
Winfrey Show was a typical example of confessional TV. 电视
告白节目〔普通人公开谈论个人问题以及不幸遭遇的电视节目
《奥普拉·温弗雷德》是该类节目的代表)
con fes sor /ken`fesa; ken'fese'/n tech the priest to whom
someone regularly makes their confession (2)【术语】听忏悔的
神父，告解神父
con. fet. ti/ken`feti; ken'feti/ n [U] small pieces of coloured paper
thrown over the BRIDE and BRIDEGROOM after a wedding, es-
pecially as they come out of a church or thrown at other occa-
sions where people celebrate〔婚礼后，尤在新郎新娘出教堂之
时，或在其他庆典场合抛撒的〕五彩纸屑：Their friends showered
them with confetti. 他们的朋友向他们抛撒五彩纸屑。— see Fea-
ture on page B28 参见B28页文化特写
confi·dant/kanfe`daent; konfdaent/ confidante (same pro. 
nunciation 读音相同) fem. 【阴性】- n a person to whom you
tell your secrets or with whom you talk about personal matters
〔可以吐露秘密的〕知己，密友
con-fide/ken`faid; ken'faid/ v IT (to)] to tell (information, per-
sonal matters etc) secretly to a person you trust 吐露〔秘密、心
事等)：“I don't really like my brother, ” she confided. 她吐露
说：“我并不真正喜欢我的兄弟。”|[+that] He confided (to me)
that he had spent five years in prison. 他私下（向我） 吐露，他
蹲过五年监狱
confide in sbdy. phr v [T] to talk freely to (someone), espe-
cially about personal matters, and be confident that your se-
crets will be kept 信赖〔某人)；无保留地向··吐露心事：Alan felt
he could confide in his brother. 艾伦觉得他可以对自己的兄弟
无话不谈。
*con. fi. dence/`kanfedens; 'konfdans/ n 1 [U (in)] a calm un. 
worried feeling or manner based on a strong belief in your
abilities; SELF-ASSURANCE 信心； 把握；自信：She's a good stu-
dent but she lacks confidence (in herself). 她是个好学生，但是
缺乏自信。| The company is looking forward with confidence
to the next five years. 那家公司对未来五年充满信心。2 [U (in)]
a strong belief in the ability of a person, plan etc to do what is
needed effectively and successfully〔对某人的能力、某种计划等
的)信任，信赖：We have every confidence in your ability. 我
们完全相信你的能力。| The government failed to win public
confidence in its plan for economic recovery. 政府未能赢得
公众对其经济复兴计划的信任。|After another poor performance. 
the company's management has now lost the confidence of
its shareholders. 公司主管人员因又一次成绩欠佳而失去了股东
的信任。| The opposition parties have tabled a motion of no
confidence BrE【英】‖ taken a vote of no confidence AmE
【美】in the government. (=stated that they do not trust the gov-
ernment's ability to do its job)反对党提出了对政府的不信任动
议。 — see also 另见 VOTE OF CONFIDENCE 3 [U] faith: com-
plete trust 相信，完全信任：Little Johnny used to be very shy
and withdrawn with adults, but I have won his confidence
now. 小约翰尼以前十分腼腆，怕见大人，不过现在我已经获得了
他的信任。| I'm telling you this in confidence (=as a secret)
我是信得过你才对你说这事的。| She took him into her confi-
dence and told him the whole truth. 她把他当作知心朋友，把
真相全告诉了他。4 [C] a secret; a personal matter told secretly
to someone else 〔偷偷吐露的)心事，秘密：The girls exchanged
confidences about their boyfriends. 女孩子相互吐露有关她们
男友的秘密。
confidence-building /'·，. ·/ adj (of an action, speech etc)
that increases confidence〔指行动、话语等〕增加信心的：This
introduction course will be of value to anyone without prion
experience of computing, serving as a confidence-building
preparation prior to further training. 这一门入门课程对原本
无电脑使用经验的人大有裨益，它是培养学生信心以预备进一步培
训的一个课程。
confidence man /'·，·/ n a CONMAN 骗子
confidence trick /'· / also 又作 con infml【非正式】- n a
dishonest trick played on a trusting person in order to get their
money〔诈骗钱财的〕骗局
*con-fi-dent/kanfedent; 'konfdant/ adj [(of)] feeling or show-
ing confidence 确信的；自信的；有信心的：a confident smile自
信的微笑 | a confident prediction that business would im-
prove 指出生意会好转的充满信心的预言 | We are confident
of success. 我们确信会成功。| [F+(that)] We are confident
that next year's profits will be much higher. 我们确信下
年的利润会高得多。 — see also 另见 SELF-CONFIDENT — ~ly
adv
con-fi-den. tial/, kanfe`dnfel; konfs'denfal/ adj 1 spoken or
written in secret and intended to be kept secret 秘密的；机密的
This information is strictly confidential. 这情报是绝密的。|a
confidential naval report on the failure of equipment 有关设
备失灵的海军机密报告 | Please keep what I am about to tell
you confidential. 请对我将要告诉你的话严守秘密。2 trusted
with private matters 极信任的，心腹的：a confidential secre-
tary 机要秘书 3 showing full trust 表示信任的：a confidential
voice/look 表示信任的口气[神态] — ~ly adv: She leaned over
to me confidentially. 她向我俯身过来，表示出信任的样子。
Confidentially, between you and me, I think he's going to resign
就我们俩私下说说，我认为他要辞职了。—~ity/kanfe denfr`aelitr; 
konfodenfi'aelati/n [U]: to respect someone's confidentiality
尊重某人的秘密
con-fid·ing /ken`faidin; ken'faidin/ adjfml trustful【正式】深信
不疑的，信任他人的：her confiding nature 她那相信他人的性格
 — ~ly adv
con·fig. u. ra. tion /ken, figje`refen; ken, figj'reifen/ n 1 fml or
tech the arrangement of the parts of something; shape or
LAYOUT【正式或术语】结构，构造；形状，外形：the configuration
of pistons in an engine 引擎活塞的构造 2 tech the combina-
tion of HARDWARE equipment needed to run a computer system
【术语】〔电脑的〕硬件配置
con-fine /ken`fain; ken'faim/ v [T (to)] 1 to keep within limits; 
RESTRICT 把··局限于；把·限制于：Please confine yourselfi
your remarks to the subject under discussion. 请把你的话限
0357
于我们所讨论的题目范围之内。| The police cadet's duties were
confined to taking statements from women and children. 警
官学校学员的职责仅限于把妇女和儿童的陈述记录下来。2to shu
or keep in a small or enclosed space 监禁； 禁闭；使不外出：Any
soldier who deserts his post will be confined to quarters. 凡
是擅离职守的士兵都要受到在营房内监禁的处罚。3[usually
pass. 一般用于被动语态] med to put (a woman who is about to
give birth to a baby) in bed【医】使〔临产孕妇〕卧床准备分娩
con·fine·ment /ken`fainment; ken'fainment/ n 1 [U (to)] the
act of confining or state of being confined限制；监禁；禁闭
see also 另见 SOLITARY CONFINEMENT 2 [C; U] tech an act of
giving birth to a child【术语】分娩：This is her third confinement
这是她第三次分娩
con-fines /`kanfamz; 'konfainz/ n [P(of] limits or borders界
限；范围；边界：within the confines of one country 一国的国境
之内| beyond the confines of human knowledge 超出人类知
识的范围
con-firm /ken`f3m; ken'f3:m/ v [T] 1 to give support or cer
tainty to (a fact, belief, statement etc), e. g. by providing more
proof or by stating that something is true or correct 证实；进-
步确定：He said he would accept the job, so we have asked
him to confirm his acceptance in writing. 他说他会接受这份
工作，因此我们要求他写出书面材料表示确认。|The expression
on her face confirmed our worst fears. 她脸上的表情证实了我
们对发生最坏情况的忧虑。| This new evidence confirms (me
in) my opinion that they are lying. 新的证据使我进一步认定他
们是在说谎。| The President refused to either confirm or deny
this rumour. 总统拒绝证实或否认这种传闻。| [+that] The an
nouncement confirmed that the election would take place on
June 20th. 公告证实选举将在6月 20日举行。| [+wh-] a note
asking us to confirm when we would be arriving 一张要我们
确定到达时间的便条 2 to give formal approval to (a person
agreement, position etc); agree to; RATIFY 批准；确认：Wher
do you think the President will confirm you in office?你认为
总统会在什么时候批准你上任？3 tech to admit (a person) to
full membership of the Christian church【术语】〔教会〕给〔某
人〕施坚信礼[坚振礼]：I was confirmed when I was 12. 我是
12岁时受坚信礼的
con-fir-ma-tion /kanfa`mefen; konfe'meifan/n[C; U]1 [(of)
something that confirms 证实；证明；确定：a letter in confir
mation of a hotel reservation 确定预订旅馆房间的信| confir
mation of my suspicions 对我的怀疑的证实 | There has still
been no official confirmation of the report. 这种传闻还没有得
到官方的证实。2 tech a religious service in which a person is
made a full member of the Christian church【术语】坚信礼，坚
振礼
confirmation hear-ing /·. ·. . ·/n a special meeting of US SENA. 
TORS that examines someone appointed to high office by the
President, and decides if they are suitable for the job〔美国参
议员对总统任命的高级官员的〕批准听证会
con-firmed /ken`f3md; ken'f3:md/ adj [A] firmly settled in a
particular way of life or way of thinking 根深蒂固的；成习惯
的：a confirmed bachelor 坚持独身主义的单身汉
con·fis. cate /`kanfis ket; 'konfskeit/ v [T (from)] to take
(private property)away from someone especially with the of
ficial right to do so, usually as a punishment 没收，把··充公
The teacher confiscated my radio because I was playing it in
the classroom. 我在教室里玩收音机，因此老师把它没收了。
-cation /kanfis kefen; konf'skeifan/ n [C; U]: the confisca
tion of pornographic material by the police 警方对淫秽物品
的没收
con·fis·ca·to·ry/ken`fisketori: 'kpnfaskeitari/ adj fml【正式】
1 that confiscates 没收的，充公的：the confiscatory powers of
customs officials 海关官员行使的没收权 2 taking away too
much 征收过多的，横征暴敛的：confiscatory taxes刻的税赋
con-fla-gra·tion /kanfle`grefen; konfle'greifan/ n fml a very
large fire that destroys much property, especially buildings or
forests【正式】〔导致重大财产损失的〕大火
con. flate /ken`flet; ken'fleit/ v [T] fiml to bring (parts) together
to form a single whole; combine【正式】合并 - -flation /-`flefen
-'fleifan/ n [C; U]
con-flict' /'kanflikt; 'konflikt/ n [C; U (between)]1 a state of
disagreement or argument between opposing groups or oppos-
ing ideas or principles; opposition 冲突；抵触；争论：The two
parties have beenin conflict since the election. 这两个政党从
选举以来就一直有冲突。| The governor's refusal to apply the
law brought him into conflict with the federal government
州长拒绝实施这条法律，导致了他与联邦政府的争执。| the con-
flict between religion and science 宗教与科学之间的矛盾 2 (a)
war or battle; struggle 战争；战斗：This is a serious dispute, 
and could lead toarmed conflict, 这是一起严重的争端，有可
能导致武装冲突。3never in the field of human conflict was
so much owed by so many to so few quote part of a speech
made to the British Parliament in 1940 by Winston Churchill
about the Battle of Britain and the bravery of the Roval Air
Force【引】在人类斗争史上从来没有这么多的人如此感激这么少
的人〔这是温斯顿·丘吉尔于1940年，就不列颠之战以及英国皇家
空军的英勇气概向英国议会发表演讲时说的一句话) — see also
另见BATTLE OF BRITAIN
con. flict2 /ken`flikt; ken'flikt/ v [I(with)] to be in opposition; 
disagree （同··）冲突；（同··）抵触：Do British immigration laws
conflict with any international laws?英国的移民法与国际法
有抵触吗？| conflicting opinions/advice/evidence 互相矛盾的
意见[建议；证词]
conflict of in·terest /，·'·/ n conflicts of interest [(between)]
a conflict between two of someone's different areas of activity, 
so that it becomes difficult to continue being involved in both
of them. It is usually experienced by someone who holds a
responsible or public position. (某人两个不同活动范围间的〕利
害冲突，利益冲突：There is a growing conflict of interest be
tween her position as a politician and her business activities. 
她作为政治家的地位及其商业活动之间的利益冲突逐渐加深。
con·flu·ence /`kanfluens; 'konfluens/ n [(of)] fml the place
where two or more rivers flow together【正式】〔河流的)汇流
处，交汇处：the confluence of the Rhine and the Mosel 莱茵河
与摩泽尔河的汇流处| (fig. 喻) a confluence of ideas 各种意见
的汇集
con-form /ken`form; ken'fo:m/v [I (to)] 1 to obey or be in ac
cordance with established rules 遵守：依照：符合：You must
either conform to the rules or leave the school. 你必须遵守校
规，要么就离开学校。| This piece of equipment does not con-
form to the official safety standards. 这件设备不合乎官方规
定的安全标准。2 to behave in accordance with generally ac-
cepted ideas or customs; behave like most other people 顺应社
会上的习俗；像大多数人那样行事：There is great pressure on
schoolchildren to conform. 小学生面临着巨大压力要他们随顺
习俗。 — see also 另见 CONFORMIST — ~er n — ~ance n [U
(with, to)]: The equipment is not in conformance with the
official safety standards. 这设备不合乎官方规定的安全标准。
con. for. ma. ble /ken`formeb]; ken'fo:mebal/ adj [F+to] fml
acting in agreement; suitable【正式】一致的，相符的；相适应的：
We trust that the arrangements we have made are conforma-
ble to your wishes. 我们相信我们所做的安排会符合你们的意愿。
-bly adv
con-for. ma. tion /，kanfor`mefen; , konfo:'meifan/ n [C; U]fml
or tech the way something is formed; shape【正式或术语】结
构；构造；形态
con. form·ist /ken`formist; ken'fo:mst/ adj, n usually derog
(of) a person who conforms to the established rules, values, 
and customs of society【一般贬】遵奉传统者（的）：遵守习俗者
(的)；因循守旧者（的） — opposite 反义词 nonconformist
con·for·mi·ty /ken`formeti; ken'fo:mati/ n [U(with, to)] fml
agreement with established rules, customs etc【正式】依照，遵
从：符合，一致：to behavein conformity with the law/your
beliefs 遵照法律[你的信仰]行事
con-found /kan`faund; ken'faund/ v [T] 1 to confuse and sur. 
prise by being unexpected 使不知所措；使困惑：The extraordi
nary election results confounded the government, 这次不同
寻常的选举结果使得政府不知所措。| He gave a marvellous
performance that completely confounded his critics. 他的演
出很出色，弄得那些批评他的人十分狼狈。2 old use to defeat
(an enemy, plan etc)【旧】挫败〔敌人、计划等〕3 [(with)]fml to
mix up in your mind; CONFUSE (2)【正式】混淆，搞错 4Con-
found it/him/them! etc old-fash infml DAMN it/him/them! etc
【过时，非正式】该死的：混蛋
con·found·ed /ken`faundid; ken'faundd/ adj [A] old-fash
infml (used to express annoyance)【过时，非正式】〔用以表示恼
怒)讨厌的；该死的：that confounded boy/dog 那讨厌的男孩
[狗]|a confounded idiot/nuisance 可恶的傻瓜[讨厌鬼]
~ly adv
con·fra·ter·ni·ty /kanfre`t3neti; konfre't3:nti/n [C+sing. /pl
v] a group of people, especially of religious people who are
not priests, who work together for some good purpose〔宗教、
慈善事业等的〕团体；社团
con-frere /`kanfrer; 'konfree'/ n Fr pomp a companion, espe-
cially a person who shares in your job【法，夸张】同事，同仁，同
行
con-front /ken`frant; ken'frvnt/v [T] 1 to face bravely or threat. 
eningly 勇敢地面对；对抗；正视；遭遇：The actress was con-
fronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door. 
0358
那位女演员在离开后台门口时被一群记者拦住了。| They have
confronted the problem of terrorism with great determination. 
他们以极大的决心对付恐怖活动问题。2 to be faced with and
have to deal with 面临；遇到：I prepared answers for the ques-
tions I expected to confront in the interview. 我为这次访谈中
可能面对的问题准备好了答案
confront sbdy. with sthg. phr v [T] to force to deal with or
accept the truth of; bring face to face with 使不得不面对；使不
得不承认；使对质，使对证：When the police confronted her with
the evidence, she admitted that she was guilty. 当警察拿出证
据与她当面对证时，她承认了自己是有罪的。
con-fron·ta·tion /，kanfren`tefen; , konfren'teifan/ n [C; U
(with)](an example of) the act of confronting, especially a
situation or manner marked by open opposition 对抗，对峙：We
cannot risk (another) confrontation with the union. 我们不能
冒（再次）同工会对抗的危险
con-fron·ta·tion. al/, kanfren`tefenl; konfren'teifanel/ adj in
tentionally causing or likely to cause confrontation; PROVOCA-
TIVE 挑衅的；对抗的； a confrontational policy 对抗的政策| a
confrontational style of government 对抗性的统治方式
Con. fu. cian. is. m /ken`fjufenizm; ken'fju:fanizem/ n [U] a
Chinese way of thought which teaches that you should be loyal
to your family, friends, and rulers and treat others as you would
like to be treated. Confucianism was developed from the ideas
of CONFUCIUS. 孔子学说，儒家学说，儒教 - Confucian ad
Con·fu. cius/ken`fjufes; ken'fju:fes/ (551-479 BC) a Chines
PHILOSOPHER whose ideas encouraged justice and peace, and
who taught social and moral principles which had a great in-
luence on Chinese society and on the way that Chinese people
think. People in the US and UK sometimes jokingly say
Confucius he say'to introduce a piece of wise advice, pre-
tending that their words were originally said by Confucius. 孔
子〔（公元前551-前479），中国哲学家，其学说提倡“仁义”和“仁
政”，他传授的社会和道德准则对中国社会以及中国人的思维方式
有很大影响。在美国和英国，人们有时开玩笑地以“孔子曰”来引
出一段高见，假装他们的话最初是由孔子说的〕 — see also另见
CONFUCIANISM
con-fuse/ken`fjuz; ken'fju:z/ v [T] 1 to cause to be mixed up in
the mind; BEWILDER 使糊涂，使迷惑：Don't give me so much
information — you're confusing me. 别跟我说那么多消息，你
都要把我搞糊涂了。| Waking up in strange surroundings con
fused her. 她醒来时看到一片陌生的环境，这把她都搞糊涂了。
(fig. 喻) The chess player confused the computer by making
some irrational moves halfway through the game. 那个棋手
在下到一半时走了几步不合常规的棋，弄得与他对弈的电脑无法应
付。2 [(with)] to mix up in your mind; be unable to tell the
difference between (especially similar people or things)混淆，
搞错：I'm always confusing John and/with Paul — which one
is John?我总是分不清约翰和保罗，哪一位是约翰？3 to put into
disorder; make less clear, more difficult to deal with 搞乱，弄
乱，使混乱：That argument's completely irrelevant -- you're
confusing the issue. 那个论据是毫不相干的，你把问题都搞乱了
con-fused/ken`fjuzd; ken'fju:zd/ adj1 mixed up in your mind
迷惑的，糊涂的：The little girl was very confused by all the
noise and activity. 那小女孩被这一片吵闹和忙乱弄糊涂了。| He
gets confused easily. 他很容易被弄糊涂。2 in disorder: not
able to be separated easily 混乱的；混淆的，分不清的：a con-
fused babble of voice. 嘈杂不清的谈话声 - — ~ly /-`fiuzd
-'fju:zdli/adv
con. fus. ing/ken`fjuzin; ken'fju:zin/ adj making you feel con-
fused 令人迷惑的；使人感到混乱的：The instructions were so
confusing I couldn't understand them. 这些指示莫名其妙，我
没有办法理解。| a confusing array of instruments 使人感到眼
花缭乱的一大堆仪表 — ~ly adv
con·fu·sion/ken`fju3en; ken'fju:3an/ n [U] 1 the state of being
mixed up or mistaken 困惑；分辨不清：There was some confu-
sion as to whether we had won or lost. 关于我们是赢了还是输
了，人们众说纷纭。| To avoid confusion, the teams wore dif-
ferent colours. 为了避免辨别不清，各队穿了不同颜色的衣服。|
Conflicting reports have led to widespread public confusion
over the government's intentions, 互相矛盾的报道导致广大公
众对政府的意图大为不解。2 the act of confusing; mixing up 混
淆：Confusion oflbetween the crow and the rook is quite common. 
(i. e. because they are so similar)把乌鸦和白嘴鸦混淆是很平常
的事。3 a state of great disorder 混乱（状态） ：The party is in
complete confusion after its election defeat. 这个党在选举失
败之后陷入一片混乱。| a scene of panic and confusion 一片
惊慌混乱的景象
con. fute /ken`fjut; ken'fju:t/ v [T] fml to prove (a person or
argument) to be completely wrong【正式】驳倒，驳斥 - -futation
/, kanfju`tefen; konfju:'teifan/ n [C; U]
con·ga/`kange; 'konge/ n (the music for) a fast Latin Ameri-
can dance, in which the dancers form a long winding chain (a
conga line). People sometimes do the conga at informal par-
ties, especially when they have drunk a lot of alcohol. 康茄舞
康茄舞乐曲〔人们有时在非正式聚会上，尤其在喝了很多酒的时
候，会跳起康茄舞〕
con·gé/`kan3e; 'kon3ei/ n Fr pomp【法，夸张】1 formal and
respectful DEPARTURE 正式告别；告辞 2 give someone their
congefml to dismiss someone suddenly from your presence or
favour【正式】突然撤[免]某人的职
con-geal /ken`d3il; ken'd3i:l/ v [I; T] to become or cause (a
liquid) to become thick or solid （使）（液体）凝结：The soup had
congealed by the time we returned. 我们回来时汤都凝住了。
congealed blood 凝结的血
con. ge. ni. al/ken`d3injel; ken'd3i:niel/ adj pleasant; in agree-
ment with your tastes and nature 宜人的；适宜的；合意的：意气
相投的：congenial work/weather/companions 适宜的工作；宜
人的天气；意气相投的伙伴| I find him very congenial. 我发现
他跟人很合得来。 — ~ly adv
con-gen. i. tal/ken`d3enetl; ken'd3entl/ adj med (of diseases)
existing at or from your birth【医】〔疾病〕先天的，天生的：a con-
genital defect先天缺陷| (fig. 喻) a congenital liar (=person
who always lies) 生性好说谎的人 — ~ly adv: congenitally deaf
先天（性）耳聋的
con·ger eel/`kanga il; 'konger 'i:l/ also 又作 conger - n a
large rather fierce snakelike sea fish 康吉鳗〔一种大海鳗〕
con·ges·ted /ken`d38stid; ken'd3ested/ adj 1 (of a street, city. 
narrow place etc) very full or blocked, especially because of
traffic〔街道、城市等)拥挤的：Oxford Street is always very
congested. 牛津大街总是非常拥挤。2 med (of a blood tube or
part of the body) very full of liquid【医】充血的：His lungs seem
to be congested, doctor. 医生，他两肺似有充血现象。
-tior
/-`d3Estfen; -'d3estfen/ n [U]: traffic congestion 交通拥塞
congestion of the lungs 肺部充血
con·glom·e·rate/ken`glamerit; ken'glomert/ n 1 a large busi
ness organization consisting of different companies that pro
duce goods of very different kinds 〔多种经营的〕联合大企业，
企业集团：a multinational conglomerate 多国联合企业集团
2 especially tech a mass of various materials gathered together, 
especially a rock consisting of small stones held together by
clay【尤术语】聚集物；〔尤指〕砾岩
con. glom·e·ra·tion /ken glame`refen; ken glome'reifan/n
[(of)] fml a collection or mass of many different things gath-
ered together【正式】聚集物；混合体：It's not really a theory
just a confused conglomeration of ideas. 这并不是真正的理
论，只不过是乱七八糟的各种观点的大杂烩。
Con. go/kango; 'kongeu/, Democratic Republic of a very
large country in central Africa, which was called Zaire between
1971 and 1997， and before that was called the Belgian Congo
Population: 43, 901, 000 (1995). Capital: Kinshasa. It changed
its name in 1997 after President MOBUTU, who had ruled the
country for 30 years, was forced to give up his power. 刚果民
主共和国〔中非一大国，1971年至1997年间称扎伊尔，在此之前
称比属刚果。人口：43, 901, 000(1995)，首都：金沙萨。1997年统
治该国30年之久的总统蒙博托被迫辞职后改名〕- Congolese n, 
adj
Congo, Republic of a country on the Equator in the western
part of central Africa, which has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean
and is to the west of the Democratic Republic of Congo. 
Population: 2, 590, 000(1995). Capital: Brazzaville. 刚果共和
国〔中非西部地跨赤道的国家，临大西洋，位于刚果民主共和国之
西。人口：2. 590, 000(1995)，首都：布拉柴维尔〕-Congolese
n, adj
Congo, the the second longest African river, which flows
through both the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Re-
public of Congo 刚果河〔非洲第二大河，流经刚果共和国和刚果
民主共和国)- Congolese n, adj
con. grats/ken`graets; ken'graets/ interj infml congratulations
【非正式】祝贺，恭喜
con. grat. u. late /ken`graetfe, let; ken'graetfleit/ v [T (on)]1 to
express your pleasure, praise, or admiration for (someone) be-
cause of a happy event or something successfully done 祝贺，
向··道贺：We congratulated her on the birth of her daughter/
on having come first in her exams. 我们祝贺她生了个女儿[考
试得了第一名]。2 to have pleasure and pride in (yourself) for
something successfully done 〔为自己)庆幸，高兴：She con-
gratulated herself on having thought of such a good idea. 她
为自己能想出这样的好主意而感到高兴。--lation /ken graetfe-
`lefen; ken graetf'leifan/ n [U]
0359
con·grat·u. la. tions /ken, graetfe`lefenz; ken graetf'leifanz/
interj, n [P (on)] an expression used when you are congratu-
lating someone on their success, luck etc 恭喜，道贺；贺词：“I've
just passed my driving test!” “Congratulations!” “我刚通过
了驾驶测验！” “恭喜，恭喜！”| Congratulations on winning the
racelon your marriage. 恭贺你比赛获胜[喜结良缘]。| Please
give herlpass on my congratulations when you see her. 请见
到她时转达我的祝贺。| There you are, Kevin! I hear congratu
lations are in order. Well done!你瞧是不是，凯文！我听说人
们在排队道喜呢。好极了！
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 People say 'Congratula
tions'when someone has done something special, such as
winning a prize, getting a new job, getting married etc. 
You can also say it when someone tells you they are going
to get married or have a baby. 当有人做了具有特别意义的
事、如获奖、找到新工作、结婚等的时候，人们会说“恭喜，恭
喜”。在有人告诉你他们即将结婚或生孩子时也可以这么说。
con·grat·u. la. to. ry /ken`graetfele, tori; ken. graetf'leitari/ ad
that congratulates 祝贺的，庆贺的：a congratulatory letter/tele
gram 祝贺信[电报]| congratulatory remarks 贺词
con-gre. gate /kangri get; 'kongrgeit/v [I] to come together
in a large group 集合，聚集：The crowds congregated in the
town square to hear the President speak. 人群聚集到市镇广
场上来听总统讲话。
con. gre. ga. tion /kangri`gefen; kongr'geifan/n [C+sing. 
pl. v] a group of people gathered together, especially in a
church, for religious worship 人群：[尤指教堂里的)会众：The
congregation knelt to pray. 会众跪下来祈祷。| a member of
the congregation 人群中的一员 — see 参见 ATTEND (USAGE
Con. gre. ga. tion. al /kangri`gefenl; kongr'geifanel/ ad
connected with Congregationalism 公理会的：a Congregational
church 公理会
Con. gre. ga. tion. al. is. m /kangri`gefenl izem; kongr!. 
geifanelizam/ n [U] a form of the Protestant religion in which
each local church is in charge of its own affairs公理会〔基督教
新教教派) — see also 另见 UNITED REFORMED CHURCH - Con-
gregationalist n
con·gress /`kangres; 'kongres/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] 1 a forma
meeting of representatives of societies, countries etc to ex-
change information and opinions 代表大会；（正式）会议：the
Congress of Vienna 维也纳会议 | a medical congress 医学代
表会议| The matter will be discussed in congress tomorrow
这个问题将在明天的代表大会上讨论。2 the elected law-making
body of certain countries〔某些国家的〕立法机构，议会，国会
Congress the LEGISLATIVE(=law-making) part of the US gov-
ernment, which consists of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
and the SENATE. The main job of Congress is to make laws for
the US, and it also has the power to change the CONSTITUTION
OF THE UNITED STATES. Congress meets in the CAPITOL in
Washington, D. C. 美国国会〔包括参议院与众议院，主要职责是
制定美国法律，也拥有修改美国宪法的权力，在华盛顿市的国会大
厦举行会议〕— see Feature on page B17参见B17页文化特写
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The US Congress is re
sponsible for suggesting BILLS(=plans for new laws) and
deciding whether bills will become laws. If the SENATE
and the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES both agree that a bill
should become a law, the President is asked if he agrees
with it. If the President agrees with the bill he signs it, and
the bill becomes a law. If he VETOes the bill (=says offi. 
cially that he does not agree with it), Congress can still
make it a law if two-thirds of the members of both the
Senate and the House of Representatives agree. 美国国会
负责提交议案并决定议案是否成为法律。如果参，众两院表决
通过，即征询总统意见。如果总统没有异议即签署议案，该议
案成为法律。如果总统否决该议案，只要参众两院有三分之
的议员表决通过，国会也能使之成为法律。-see Cultura
Note at 参见 BILL文化注释
con. gres. sion. al /ken`grafen]; ken'grefanel/ adj [A] (often cap
常用大写)of a congress, especially the US Congress国的
congressional hearingslelections国会听证会[选举]|a con-
gressional committee国会委员会
Congressional Med-al of Hon-or, the/. . . ··/ also 又作
the Medal of Honor - a special MEDAL given to members of
the US armed forces who have performed acts of very great
bravery. It is regarded as the highest military honour in the
US. 荣誉勋章〔美国最高的军功勋章
Congressional Rec-ord, the /. ·. / a printed report of what
is said and done in the US Congress, including all the official
discussions, votes, and decisions 〔美国〕国会议事录 -- com-
pare 比较 HANSARD
con-gress. man /kangresmen; 'kongrsmen/ con·gress·wo·man
/-, wumen; -，wumen/ fem. 【阴性】— n -men /-men; -men/ (often
cap. 常用大写) a member of a congress, especially of the US
House of Representatives 国会议员，〔尤指〕美国众议员； on the
advice of my Congressman 根据我国国会议员的建议| an in-
terview with Congresswoman Anne Harding 对国会女议员安
妮·哈丁的一次采访
Congress Party, the /'. . / the most important political party
in India. It was started in the 19th century to oppose British
rule in India, and since India became an independent country
in 1947 it has been the main party of government. 国民大会
党，国大党〔印度最重要的政治党派，创建于19世纪，其目的是反
抗英国在印度的统治。自1947年印度独立以来，该党一直是主要
的执政党〕
con·gru·ent /`kangruent; 'kongruent/ adj 1 [(with)] tech (of
figures in GEOMETRY) having the same size and shape as an
other or each other【术语】〔几何图形〕叠合的；全等的；congru·
ent triangles 全等三角形 2 [(with)] fml CONGRUOUS【正式】符
合的；一致的；全等的 — ~ly adv - -ence n [U]
con·gru·i·ty /ken`grueti; ken'gru:ti/n [(between)] fiml【正式】
1[U] the state of being alike一致性，适合性 2 [C usually pl
一般用复数] a point of agreement 共同点，一致点
con·gru·ous /kangrues; 'kongrues/ also又作 con·gru·ent/-gruent; 
gruent/ adj[(with)]fml fitting; suitable【正式】符合的；合适
的：相称的：全等的：behaviour congruous with his rank 同他
的地位相称的行为 — opposite 反义词 INCONGRUOUS
con-ic /`kanik; 'konik/ adjtech of or shaped like a CONE(1)【术
语】圆锥（形）的
con·i·cal /`kanikl: 'konikel/ adj of or shaped like a CONE(1)圆
锥 （形）的：huts with conical roofs 有圆锥形屋顶的小屋 — ~Iv
/-k]i; -kli/ adv
conic sec. tion /. '. / n a shape made from a CONE by passing
an imaginary flat surface through it. This is an important idea
in GEOMETRY, 圆锥截面〔几何学中的一个重要概念〕
co. ni-fer /konefa; 'keunfe/n a tree on which CONES(3) grow
and which is usually EVERGREEN (=does not lose its leaves in
winter). Many conifers have economic value because they are
used for TIMBER. 针叶树〔结球果，一般为常青树。因其可作建筑
用木材，所以具有经济价值)
co. nif-er. ous /ko`niferes; ke'nifares/ adj of or being a conifer
针叶树的，松柏目的：coniferous trees 针叶树 — compare 比较
DECIDUOUS (1)； see also EVERGREEN
conj written abbrev. for 缩写= CONJUNCTION
con·jec·ture1/ken`d38ktfa; ken'd3ektfe/n [C; U] fml (the form
ing of) a guess, opinion, or judgment based on incomplete or
uncertain information【正式】推测，臆测：猜想：The Senator
didn't know the facts; what he said was pure conjecture. 那位参
议员并不知道实情，他所说的纯属猜测。|Whether or not the
President knew will always be a matter for conjecture. (=we
will never know) 至于总统知道与否，将永远是个谜。-- -tural
adj
conjecture2v[I; T+that; obj] fml to form a conjecture; guess
【正式】推测，猜测，猜想：The general conjectured that the en
emy only had about five day's supply of food left. 将军推测敌
人只剩下五天的粮食给养。
con-join /ken`d3om; ken'd3oin/ v [I; T] fiml or tech to (cause to)
join together or unite for a common purpose【正式或术语】（使）
结合：（使）连接：（使）联合
con. joint /ken`d3oint; ken'd3int/ adj fml joined together:
united; combined【正式】结合的；联合的；连接的 — ~ly adv
con. ju. gal /`kand3ugl; 'kond38gal/ adj [A] fml of marriage
CONNUBIAL【正式】婚姻的；夫妻间的：the conjugal bed 夫妻睡
的床
conjugal rights /，. '/ n [P] the right of having SEXUAL IN-
TERCOURSE with your husband or wife 夫妻同居权：He de
manded his conjugal rights. 他要求取得夫妻同居权。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK, until the law
was changed in 1991， a man had the legal right to have sex
with his wife and could not be found guilty of RAPE if he
forced her to have sex. 在英国，男子享有与妻子有性行为的
权利，即使强迫妻子性交，也不能被指控犯有强奸罪，这条法
律已于1991年作了修改
con-ju·gate ^`kgnd3e get: 'kpnd3geit/v tech【术语】1 [I] (of a
verb) to have different grammatical forms to show number, 
0360
person, tense etc〔动词)词形变化：The verb 'to go' conjugates
irregularly. 动词 to go的变化不规则。 2 [T] to list or stat the
different grammatical forms of (a verb) that show number, 
person, tense etc 列举〔动词)的词形变化：Can you conjugate
to have'in the present tense?你能列举出 to have 现在时的变
化形式吗？ — compare 比较 DECLINE1(4), INFLECT(1)
con·ju·ga·tion /kand3e`gefen; kpnd3'geifan/n tech【术语】
1 [C] (in some languages) a class of verbs that conjugate in
the same way 〔某些语言中)词形变化相同的一类动词：There are
four conjugations in Latin but also many irregular verbs. 拉
丁文有四类词形变化相同的动词，而且还有许多不规则动词。2the
way that a particular verb conjugates〔某一动词的〕变化形式：
The verb 'to be' has an irregular conjugation. 动词to be 的变
化不规则。 — compare 比较 DECLENSION
con·junc. tion /ken`d3vnkfen; ken'd3vnkfan/ n 1 [C] a word
such as 'but', 'and', or 'while'that connects parts of sentences, 
phrases, or CLAUSES 连（接）词 2 [C; U] fml (a) combination of
qualities, groups, or events【正式】结合；联合；〔事件的〕同时发
生：The army is acting in conjunction with(=in combination
with) the police in the hunt for the terrorists. 军队与警方协同
追捕恐怖分子。3 [U] tech the meeting or passing of two stars. 
PLANETS etc in the same division of the ZODIAC【术语】〔行星
等天体的)合，交会：This month Mars and Venus are in
conjunction. 这个月火星与金星相合。
con·junc. tive /ken`d3anktiv; ken'd3vnktiv/ also 又作 con. junct
/ken`d3vnkt; 'kond3nkt/ - n, adj tech (a word) joining
phrases together【术语】连接的；起连接作用的（词）：连接词：a
conjunctive adverb 连接副词
con·junc·ti·vi·tis /ken, d3vnkte`vaitis; ken, d3vnkt'vaits/‖alsc
又作 pinkeye AmE【美】- n [U] med a painful disease of the
eye, with redness and swelling. It is very infectious. 【医】结膜
炎〔传染性非常强〕
con-junc. ture /ken`d3vnktfe; ken'd3vnktfe/ n [(of)] fiml a com
bination of events or situations, usually producing difficulties
【正式】〔一般指会产生困难的事件的〕同时发生：结合：纠结
con·jure1 /`kvnd3; 'kvnd3e/ v 1 [T+obj+prep] to cause to
appear (as if) by magic （如同）用魔术变出：The magician con-
jured a rabbit out of his hat. 魔术师从他的帽子里变出一只兔
子。2 [I] to do clever tricks which seem magical, especially by
very quick movement of the hands 变戏法，变魔术：Paul's very
good at conjuring. 保罗很会变戏法。3 a name to conjure with
BrE【英】the name of a a very influential or important persor
or thing 重要人物的名字；具影响力的名称 b a very difficult or
strange-sounding, and usually long, name 很难念的长名；听起
来很古怪的长名
conjure sthg. up phr v [T] 1 to bring into the mind or
cause to be remembered; EVOKE 使人想像出；使人回忆起：This
place conjures up vivid memories. 这个地方使人回忆起许多
生动的往事。2 to cause to appear (as if) by magic 用魔术变出；
如用魔术般地做成：Jean can conjure up a good meal in half
an hour. 琼能在半小时内像变戏法似地做出一顿可口的饭菜。
con-jure2 /ken`d3ur; ken'd3ue/ y [T+obi+to-y] old use to ask
(someone) solemnly to do something【旧】祈求，恳求：He con-
jured them with his dying breath to look after his children. 
他临终时恳求他们照顾他的孩子。
conjur. er, -or /ken`d3ura; 'kvnd3ere/ especially BrE【尤英】|
sually 一般用 magician AmE【美】- n a person, especially a
professional entertainer, who does CONJURING TRICKS to amuse
others, especially producing objects or small animals, espe-
cially rabbits, from a TOP HAT or other places. They some-
times use a MAGIC WAND. In Britain, conjurers are often hired
to entertain children at birthday parties, 变戏法的人，魔术师〔他
们能从高顶大礼帽或其他地方变出东西或小动物来，尤其是兔子，
他们有时使用魔杖。在英国，人们举办生日晚会的时候经常雇用魔
术师供孩子娱乐) — see Culture Note at 参见 MAGICIAN 文化注
释
conjuring trick /'. ·，/ n a clever trick which seems magical, 
especially one that involves very quick movement of the hands
〔尤指要求手的动作很快的〕魔术
conk1/kank; konk/ n BrE slang, usually humor a nose【英俚，
般幽】鼻子
conk2v [T] slang to hit (someone), especially on the head with
a heavy blow【俚】重击〔某人〕的头部
conk out phr y slang【俚】1 [I] to fail suddenly; break down
突然发生故障，出毛病：Our car conked out on the way home
我们的车子在回家路上突然出了毛病。2[I]AmE to(go to)sleep, 
often suddenly or when very tired【美】突然睡去；〔极度疲劳时〕
入睡：I conked out for three hours when I got home from work. 
我下班回到家倒头就睡了三小时。3[T(conk sbdy. out)]AmE
to knock unconscious; KNOCK OUT【美】把·击昏
con-ker /`kanke; 'kpnke/ n especially BrE the shiny brown
nut-like seed of the HORSE CHESTNUT tree【尤英】七叶树果 --
see also 另见 CONKERS
con-kers /`kanka-z; 'konkez/ n [U] (especially in Britain) a
children's game in which one person swings a conker on a
piece of string in an attempt to break an opponent's conker. 
The conkers are given numbers depending on how many other
conkers they have defeated. Children sometimes bake their
conkers in the OVEN or soak them in VINEGAR to make them
harder. 〔英国的〕康克戏〔一种儿童游戏，双方各用绳子系住一个七
叶树果，以击破对方的七叶树果为胜，按击破的七叶树果数计分
儿童有时把七叶树果放在炉中烤或浸在醋中使它们变得更坚硬〕
con·man /`kanmaen; 'konmaen/ also 又作 confidence man - n
-men /-men; -men/ a person who performs CONFIDENCE TRICKS
to get money from people in a dishonest way〔诈取钱财的〕骗
子
Con-naught /`kanot; 'kono:t/ a PROVINCE (=a large part of a
country) in the west of Ireland, including the counties
(COUNTY') of Leitrim, Roscommon, Sligo, Mayo, and Galway
康诺特省〔位于爱尔兰西部，包括利特里姆、罗斯康芒、斯莱戈、梅
奥和戈尔韦等郡〕
*con. nect /ke`nkt; ke'nekt/ v 1 [T (UP)] to join (one object, 
place etc) to another by means of something that comes in be-
tween the two; unite 连接，连结：This railway line connects
London and Edinburgh. 这条铁路线连接伦敦和爱丁堡。| The
plumber connected (up) all the pipes and turned on the tap. 
管子工连接上所有管子，然后打开了龙头。2[T (with) often pass. 
常用被动语态] to consider as being related; ASSOCIATE 把··看
作有关联；由··联想到：The woman's face was familiar, but I
didn't immediately connect her with the girl who used to live
next door to me. 那女人的面孔非常熟悉, 但我并没有立刻由她
而联想到曾经住在我隔壁的那个女孩子。| The police are con
necting this incident with last week's terrorist bombing. (=they
believe there is a connection between the two events)警方认
为这次事件与上周的恐怖分子爆炸事件有关。3[T(to)] to join
by telephone 给··接通电话：Operator, you've connected me
to the wrong person again! 接线员，你又把我的电话接错了人
啦！4 [T(UP, to)] to join (a machine) to an electricity or other
power supply （使） 接通电 [线]路：Make sure it's connected
(up) properly before you switch on at the mains. 要确保接好
线路后再接通电源。| Has the phone/electricity been connected
yet?电话[电] 接通了吗？ | These terminals are connected to
coniurer 魔术师
our mainframe computer. 这些终端设备都和我们的主机电脑相
连接。5[I(with, to)](of trains, buses etc) to be planned so
that passengers can change from one to the other〔火车、公共汽
车等)衔接，联运：This flight connects with a flight for Paris
这班飞机与去巴黎的班机衔接。|connecting flights 相衔接的
班机
con. nect·ed /ke`naktid; ke'nektd/ adj1 [(with)] joined or re-
lated 连接的：有关系的，有联系的； a series of connected events
一连串相关的事件| problems connected with alcoholism 与
酗酒有关的问题 — opposite 反义词 unconnected 2 having
social, professional, or business relationships of the stated kind
有社交[职业、商业]关系的：He's well connected(=knows
powerful or influential people) in political circles. 他在政界
结识了不少有权有势的人物。3 joined electrically or telephoni-
cally 通了电的；电话接通的：a connected terminal 通了电的终
端 | Are the telephones connected?这些电话接通了没有？-
opposite 反义词 disconnected 4 [(with)] related by birth or
marriage 有血统 [婚姻] 关系的：Most European royal families
are connected (with each other). 欧洲大部分王室都有姻亲关
系。
Con·nec·tic·ut /ke`ntiket; ke'netiket/ written abbrev 缩写为
CT a state in the northeastern US. It was one of the original
thirteen states established under British rule. 康涅狄格州美国
东北部一州，原13个英属殖民地之一〕
0361
connecting rod /·'· ·/ n a rod that joins two moving parts
especially one connecting the PISTON to the CRANKSHAFT in
the engine of a motor vehicle 结合杆，连杆，活塞杆
con·nec·tion /ke`nckfen; ke'nekfan/ also 又作 connexion BrE
【英】- n 1 [C; U (between, with)] (an example of) the state
of being connected; relationship 联系；关系：There's a strong
connection between smoking and heart disease. 吸烟与心脏
病之间有很密切的联系。| Is there any connection between
these two crimes? 这两桩罪行之间有什么联系吗？| The com-
pany has connections with a number of Japanese firms. 这家
公司与许多日本商社有来往。| His career was ruined because
of his connections with the Mafialhis Mafia connections. 他
的事业毁了，因为他同黑手党有联系。2 [C] something that con-
nects 连接物；连接部分：This town has very good road and
railway connections with the coast. 这个市镇有很好的公路和
铁路同海岸连接。| I phoned Andy, but we had such a baa
connection that we gave up trying to talk. 我给安迪打过电话，
可是电话很不清楚，我们只好放弃通话了。|The radio won't
work because of a faulty/loose connection. (=a wire out of its
correct place)由于线路接触不好，收音机不响了。3 [U(to. with)]
the act of connecting 连接；联结：The connection of the pipes
to the main water supply only took a few minutes. 把这些管于
接到供水主管道上只花了几分钟。4 [C] a plane, train, bus etc
planned to take passengers arriving by another one转运乘客的
交通工具：联运的飞机[列车、公共汽车等]：There are connections
at Paris for all European capitals. 在巴黎有前往欧洲各国首都
的各种联运交通工具。| If we're late we'll miss our connection
我们如果晚了，就赶不上要衔接的车辆了。5 [C usually pl. 一般
用复数] sometimes derog a social, professional, or business
person with whom you have a working relationship【有时贬】
〔社交、职业、生意等方面的〕社会关系，熟人：He'll get the jol
-- he has all the right connections, 他会得到那个职位的, 因为
他有各种管用的关系。| connections in high places 上层关系
6 [C usually pl. 一般用复数] a person connected to others by a
family relationship 亲属；亲戚；姻亲：She's English but has
Irish connections. 她是英格兰人，可是有爱尔兰亲属。7 in con·
nection with with regard to 关于；有关：In connection with
your request of March 18th, we are sorry to tell you . 关于
你3月18日提出的要求，我们非常抱歉地告诉你··|Thepo-
lice are interviewing two men in connection with the jewel
robbery. 警方正在查问两个与珠宝抢劫案有关的人。 8 in this
connection fml while we are mentioning this; in this CONTEXT
【正式】关于这一点，就此而言，在这方面：In this connection, I
would like to say that . 关于这一点，我想说·
con·nec·tive /ke`ncktiy: ke'nektiy/ n, adj fml or tech【正式或
术语】1 (a word) joining phrases, parts of sentences etc; CON-
JUNCTION 起连接作用的；连接词：‘And'is a frequent connec
tive in English. “and”是英语中常用的连词。2(something) join
ing things together 连接的，连结的；连接物，结合物：The sur. 
geon cut through connective tissue to expose the bone. 外科
医生割开结缔组织，让骨头露出来
Con·ne-ry /kaneri; 'koneri/, Sean /fon; fo:n/ (1930-)a Scot
tish film actor known especially for appearing as James BOND
in films such as Dr No (1962)， From Russia with Love (1963). 
and Goldfinger(1964)康纳里〔(1930-)，苏格兰电影演员，尤
以演出《铁金刚勇破神秘岛》(1962)、《铁金刚勇破间谍网》
(1963)和《铁金刚大战金手指》(1964)等影片中詹姆斯·邦德一角
闻名〕
Con-nex /`kancks; 'koneks/ trademark a private railway com-
pany in the UK formed in 1996， which operates trains in the
south and southeast of England and in S London【商标】康内克
斯公司〔英国的一家私营铁路公司，创立于1996年，经营英格兰南
部、东南部以及伦敦南部的营运业务〕
con·ne·xion /ke`nkfen; ke'nekfen/ n BrE【英】= CONNECTION
con-ning tow. er /'·. ，. / n tech an armoured raised place on a
warship or on top of a SUBMARINE (=underwater ship)【术语】
〔军舰上的〕司令塔，驾驶台；〔潜水艇上的〕了望塔
con·nip·tion /ke`nipfn; ke'nipfan/ also 又作 conniption fit /·'
/ - n AmE infml humor an attack of great anger or of being
upset, often about something not very important. It is usually
said of another person, not of yourself. 【美，非正式，幽】激怒：
歇斯底里〔一般用来指别人，不指说话者本身)：Your mother's
going to have a conniption when she finds out you took her
car. 你妈妈知道你开走了她的车会气得发疯的。
con. niv. ance /ke`naivens; ke'naivans/ n [U (at, with)] the act
of conniving 纵容； 共谋：They could not have escaped with-
out the connivance of the guards. 要是没有卫兵的纵容，他们
是逃不了的。
con·nive /ke`naiv; ke'naiv/ v [I(with)] to work together se-
cretly for some wrong or illegal purpose; CONSPIRE 共谋，串
通：[+to-v] The two students connived (with each other) to
cheat in the examination. 这两个学生（相互）串通好在考试中
作弊。
connive at sthg. phr v [T] BrE to make no attempt to stop
(something wrong)【英】纵容，放任：The young policeman con-
nived at the man's escape because he felt sorry for him. 那个
年轻的警察纵容那人逃走，因为他同情那人
con·nois. seur /，kane`s3; , kone's3:/n [(of)] apprec a person
who has a good knowledge and understanding of subjects such
as art or music, and whose judgments are respected【褒】鉴赏
家，鉴定家，行家：a connoisseur of fine wineslantique furni-
ture 好酒[古董家具] 鉴赏家 | Ask Julia; she's something of a
connoisseur of modern art. 问问朱莉娅，她可以说是一个现代
艺术的行家。
Con-nol-ly /`kaneli; 'konali/, Bil-ly (1942-) a Scottish COME-
DIAN from Glasgow, known for having long hair and a long
pointed BEARD, and for telling rude jokes and swearing 康诺利
〔(1942-)，苏格兰喜剧演员，来自格拉斯哥，以留长发长须、讲粗
俗的笑话及骂人著称〕
con·no·ta·tion /kane`tefen; kone'teifan/ n (any of) the feel-
ings or ideas that are suggested by a word, rather than the ac-
tual meaning of the word 内涵意义，隐含意义：The word 'arm. 
chair' has connotations of comfort and relaxation. “armchair”
这个词隐含着舒适悠然的意思。 — compare 比较 DENOTATION
--tative /kane tetiy; 'kpneteitiy/ adj
con·note /ke`not; ke'neut/ v [T] especially tech (of a word) to
suggest (feelings or ideas) in addition to the actual meaning【尤术
语】意味着，暗示；包含：The word ‘plump’ connotes cheerfulness. 
“plump”这词含有令人愉快的意思。 — compare 比较 DENOTE
con·nu·bi. al /ke`nubiel; ke'nju:biel/ adj [A] fml of marriage; 
CONJUGAL【正式】婚姻的；夫妻（间）的：living in a state of con-
nubial bliss 沉浸在婚姻幸福之中
con·quer /`konke; 'konke/ v 1 [I; T] to take (land) by force; 
win (land) by war 攻取，占领：The Normans conquered En-
gland in 1066. 诺曼人于 1066年攻占了英格兰。| a conquer-
ing army 占领军 | a conquered city 被占领的城市 2 [I; T] to
defeat (an enemy); be victorious over (an enemy)征服，击败：
The Zulus conquered all the neighbouring tribes. 祖鲁人征服
了所有邻近的部落。3 [T] to gain control over (something un-
friendly or difficult)克服〔困难等)；制伏；驾御：After many
attempts to climb it, the mountain was finally conquered in
1985. 经过多次努力攀登，这座山终于在1985年被征服了。
efforts to conquer inflation 克服通货膨胀的努力 4 [T] lit to
succeed in gaining the praise and attention of【文】赢得〔赞誉)：
引起〔注意等)：The painter went to Paris intending to con-
quer the artistic world. 那位画家去巴黎试图征服艺术界。
see also 另见 I came, I saw, I conquered (COME (21) — ~or
n
con-quest /`kankwest; 'konkwest/ n 1 [U (of)] the act of con
quering 攻克； 征服；制伏：the Norman Conquest 诺曼人的征服
the conquest of space 对空间的征服 2 [C] something conquered, 
especially land gained in war 征服[掠取]的东西；〔尤指〕占领
地：French conquests in Asia 法国在亚洲的占领地 3 [C] often
humor a person (usually of the opposite sex) whose admira-
tion or love has been won【常幽】感情上[爱情上]的被征服者
She's one of his numerous conquests. 她是他众多的爱情俘虏
之一。
con. quis. ta. dor /kan`kwiste dor; kon'kwistedo:/ n-dores /kan-
kwiste`dorez; kon, kwiste'do:reiz/ or-dors (often cap. 常用大
写)any of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the
16th century 西班牙征服者〔16世纪征服墨西哥和秘鲁的西班牙
人〕
Con·rad /`kanraed; 'konraed/, Joseph (1857-1924) a British
writer who was born in Poland, and who is regarded as one of
the greatest writers of the early 20th century. His novels are
often about the sea and about COLONIALISM and the moral prob-
lems it involves. His best-known novels include Heart of
Darkness, Lord Jim, Nostromd, and The Secret agen. 康拉德
〔(1857-1924)，英国作家，出生于波兰，被认为是20世纪早期最
伟大的作家之一。他的小说常常描述大海、殖民主义以及与之有关
的道德问题，最著名的作品包括《黑暗的中心》、《吉姆老爷》、《诺
斯特罗莫》和《特务》〕
Con-rail. ConRail /`kanrel; 'konreil/ trademark a system of
railways in the US for carrying FREIGHT (=goods carried by
train), which is based around the northeastern US【商标】联合
铁路，联铁〔以美国东北部为业务基地的铁路货运体系〕-com
pare 比较AMTRAK
Con·ran /`kanraen; 'konraen/, Sir Terence /`terens; 'terens/
(1931-)a well-known businessman and DESIGNER, especially
of furniture. He started the HABITAT shops and opened restau. 
0362
rants which could serve many people. 康兰〔(1931-)，著名的
企业家和设计师，尤以设计家具为主，曾创办“家居”连锁店以及可
供许多人用餐的餐厅〕
con. san. guin. i. ty /kansaen`gwineti; , konsaen'gwinti/ n [U]
fml relationship by birth【正式】血亲关系，血缘：People are not
allowed to marry within certain degrees of consanguinity. 
有某种程度血亲关系的人不能通婚。
that is conscious of the moral rightness or wrongness of your
behaviour or intentions, and makes you know whether you are
doing right or wrong 良心，道德心；是非观念：Be guided by
your conscience. 凭良心行事吧。| I had a bad/guilty con-
science about not telling her the truth. 我没有告诉她事实真
相，心里觉得内疚。| I haven't done anything wrong — I've
got a clear conscience. 我没有做任何错事，因此我问心无愧。|
She has no conscience (at all) about cheating. (=does not
feel at all guilty about it)她作弊（丝毫）不觉得良心不安。|I
can't advise you what to do- it's a matter of conscience. 
(=of your own moral judgment)我不能劝告你该做什么，这是
靠你自己的是非观念判断的问题。| The dog's sad look at the
front door pricked her conscience (=made her feel guilty)
and she took him out for a walk. 那狗望着前门的悲伤目光使她
的良心觉得不安，于是她便带着它出门散步去了。|aprisoner
of conscience (=someone who is in prison for especially po-
litical or religious beliefs)政治犯，思想犯 2always let your
conscience be your guide a phrase known especially from a
cheerful song in the Disney CARTOON film Pinocchio 永远让
良知做你的向导〔迪斯尼卡通影片《木偶奇遇记》中一首欢快插曲
的歌词)3in all conscience fml being fair and reasonable【正
式】凭良心；公平地：I couldn't in all conscience shut him out
on such a wet night. 在这样的雨夜，把他关在外面我实在于心
不忍。4 on your conscience making you feel guilty内疚，问心
有愧：It's on my conscience that I didn't pay you for the tick-
ets last week. 我上个星期没有付给你票钱，心里觉得过意不去。
— see 参见 CONSCIOUS(USAGE)
conscience clause /'. / n a part of a law that says that the
law need not be obeyed by people whose consciences will not
allow them to obey it 道德条款〔用以说明人们由于信仰等原因
无法遵守某一法律时可不必遵守〕
conscience mon. ey /'. . ·/n [U] money paid, usually secretly, 
because of something bad you have done in order to satisfy
your guilty conscience〔为消除良心的谴责而付的)悔罪金
conscience-strick·en /'··/ also 又作 conscience-smitten-
adj very sorry for having done something wrong 良心不安的，
内疚的
con·sci·en. tious /，kanfi`enfes; , konfi'enfes adj showing
great care, attention, or seriousness of purpose认真的；谨慎的；
尽责的；诚心诚意的：a conscientious worker 尽责的工人| a
conscientious piece of work 苦心做成的活计 — see 参见 CON-
SCIOUS (USAGE) — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
conscientious ob. jec. tor /. . . / n a person who refuses to
serve in the armed forces because of moral or religious beliefs
〔由于宗教或道德原因〕拒服兵役者 — see also另见DRAFT
DODGER, VIETNAM WAR - conscientious objection n [U]
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 During wars when men
had a legal duty to fight in the armed forces, conscientious
objectors in the US and UK were usually asked to prove
that they belonged to a religious or PACIFIST group. Dur-
ing World War I and World War II, many were put into
prison because they could not prove this. 战争期间，男子有
服兵役的法律义务。在美国和英国，由于宗教或道德原因拒服
兵役者一般会被要求证明属于某一宗教或和平主义者团体。两
次世界大战期间，许多人因为无法证实这一点而被关进监狱。
working and able to understand what is happening; not in a
sleeplike state 有意识的，有知觉的，神志清醒的：He is badly hurt
but still conscious. 他伤得很重，不过神志还清醒。| She was
barely conscious. 她几乎不省人事。2 [F(of)] knowing, under-
standing, or recognizing something; AWARE 意识到的，察觉到
的：We suddenly became conscious of a sharp increase in the
temperature. 我们突然意识到温度急剧上升。[ He wasn't con-
scious of having offended her. 他没有意识到已经冒犯了她。|
[+that] I was conscious that he was ill at ease, despite his
efforts at conversation. 尽管他在尽力与人交谈，我还是感觉到
他很局促。3[A] intentional 有意的，故意的：a conscious deci-
sionleffort 有意做出的决定[努力]4(in comb. 用于复合词)
thinking about or very concerned with the stated thing 有··意
识的；注重··的：a bargain-conscious shopper总要买便宜货的
顾客|money-conscious金钱观念很强的|media-conscious
politicians 对新闻媒介很敏感的政治家 — see also另见 SELF-
CONSCIOUS — ~ly adv
□USAGE 用法说明 The opposite of conscious is uncon-
scious. 形容词 conscious 的反义词是 unconscious: He's
still unconscious/He's not conscious yet after the
accident. (事故发生后他还没有清醒过来。)|I was con-
scious/unconscious of her presence. (我意识到[没有意识
到]她在场。)In PSYCHOLOGY, conscious is compared with
subconscious or unconscious. 在心理学中 conscious相
对于 subconscious 或 unconscious:the conscious/sub-
conscious/unconscious(mind)(意识；下意识；无意识)|
a(n)conscious/subconscious/unconscious dislike(意识到
的[下意识的；无意识的]厌恶) None of these words should
be confused with conscientious, which is related in mean-
ing to conscience. 这几个词都不可与 conscientious 一词
混淆，conscientious 一词与conscience 在意思上有联系。
con. scious. ness /kanfesnis; 'konfesns/ n 1 [U] the condi-
tion of being awake and able to understand what is happening
知觉：David lost consciousness at eight o'clock and died a
few hours later. 戴维8点钟时失去知觉，几个小时后就去世了。|
When will she regain consciousness?她什么时候会恢复知觉？
2 [U] the ideas, feelings, opinions etc held by a person or a
group of people about the stated thing 意识，观念；觉悟：The
experience helped to change her social/political consciousness. 
这种经验有助于改变她的社会[政治]意识。3[S; U(of)]a state
or quality of knowing or feeling something; awareness(AWARE)
察觉，感觉：a consciousness of danger 危险感| [+that] a con-
sciousness that someone else was in the dark room 觉得另有
人在那个黑暗的房间里 — see also 另见 STREAM OF CONSCIOUS-
NESS
consciousness rais. ing /'. ，. ·/n [U] the process of increas-
ing people's understanding of, and concern about, a moral, 
social, or political matter〔尤指社会或政治)意识提高：Deaths
from heart disease had risen by so much that the Health Edu-
cation Council immediately embarked upon a consciousness-
raising exercise. 心脏病死亡人数上升得如此快，因此健康教育
委员会立即着手提高人们对此的认识。
cons. cript1/ken`skript; ken'skript/‖also 又作 draft AmE
【美】- v[T (into)] to make (someone) serve in one of the
armed forces by law 征（某人）入伍：My sons were conscripted
(into the navy for military service) in the last war. 我的几个
儿子在上次战争中被征召（入海军；服兵役）。
con·script2/`kanskript; 'konskript/‖also又作 draftee AmE
【美】-n a person made to serve in one of the armed forces by
law 应征入伍者 — compare 比较 RECRUIT1
con-scrip. tion /ken`skripfen; ken'skripfan/ n [U] the practice
of making people serve in one of the armed forces by law征兵
 — see also 另见 NATIONAL SERVICE
con·se. crate /kansi kret; 'konsakreit/v [T] 1 to declare as holy
in a special ceremony 把·奉为神圣；给··祝圣：to consecrate
a new church 为新教堂举行奉献仪式 | consecrated bread and
wine 祝圣的饼和酒 | to be buried in consecrated ground 被
埋葬在圣地里2[(to)]fml to set apart solemnly for a particular
purpose【正式】奉献：He consecrated his life to helping the poor. 
他献身于帮助穷人。—-cration /，kansi`krefen; , kons'kreifan/
n [U]: the consecration of a new bishop 新主教的授圣职礼
con. sec. u. tive /ken`skjetiv; ken'sekjtiv/ adj following in
regular unbroken order 连续的；连贯的，依次相续的：The num-
bers 4， 5 and 6 are consecutive. 4、5、6三个数字是依次相接
的。| It's been raining for five consecutive days. 已一连下了
五天雨。 — ~ly adv
con·sen·sus /ken`senses; ken'senses/ n [usually sing. 一般用
单数]a general agreement; the opinion of most of the people
in a group 一致的意见；多数人的意见； 共识：What is the (general)
consensus of opinion, gentlemen?先生们，多数人的意见是什
么？ | Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个
问题上取得一致意见吗？| the decline of consensus politics in
Britain 英国各政党协商一致的政治的衰落| He's not really in
touch with consensus reality. (=what most people agree is
real)他并不十分理解多数人相信的事实。
con. sent'/ken`sent; ken'sent/ v [I(to)] rather fml to give your
permission or agreement (to a course of action)【比较正式】准
许；同意，赞成：Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage. 
她父亲勉强地答应了这桩婚姻。 — see also另见 ASSENT, DIS-
SENT
consent2n [U (to)] rather fml【比较正式】1 agreement or per-
mission 同意，赞同；准许：My father will never give his con-
0363
sent to our marriage. 我父亲决不会同意我们的婚姻的。| There
is, by general/common consent(=as most people agree), a
serious unemployment problem. 大多数人都承认失业问题很严
重。| The car had been taken without the owner's consent
那辆汽车未经车主许可就让人给开走了。 — see also 另见 AGE
OF CONSENT 2 with one consent old use with complete agreement
【旧】经一致同意
consenting ad·ult /· '·/ n especially law an adult who i
willing to take part in sexual, especially HOMOSEXUAL, acts
with another adult. Most kinds of sexual activity are legal only
if the people involved are consenting adults. 【尤律】〔尤指在同
性恋中〕自愿与他人发生性行为的成年人〔大多数类型的性行为都
只有在两个成年人都是自愿时才是合法的) — see also 另见 AGE
OF CONSENT
con·se·quence /kanse kwens; 'konskwens/ n 1 [C (of)] some-
thing that follows from an action or set of conditions; result结
果，后果：The high level of unemployment has produced harm
ful social consequences. 高失业率产生了有害的社会后果。
The safety procedures had been ignored, with disastrous
consequences. 安全程序被忽略带来了灾难性的后果。| You made
the wrong decision, and now you must take the consequences
(=accept the bad things that happen as a result)你做了个错误
决定，现在必须承担后果。|As a/In consequence of your lazi-
ness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you. 由于你的懒惰
和粗野，我不得不辞退你。2[U(to)]fml importance【正式】重
要（性）：It's of little/no consequence to me. 这对我无关紧要。
Con·se·quen. ces /`kanse kwensiz; 'konskwensz/ n [P] a
game played by a small group of people, in which a story is
written with each person adding a sentence without knowing
what has already been written. The last sentence begins: The
consequence was. . . '. The stories are usually about famous
people or friends, in amusing or embarrassing situations. 连环
叙事游戏〔多人玩的一种编故事游戏，每个参加者依次加入一句
话，但都不知道前面写些什么，最后一句开头为“结局是··”。故事
通常讲述陷于可笑或尴尬境地的名人或朋友
con·se·quent /`kanse kwent; 'konskwent/ adj [(to, on)] fol
lowing as a result 作为结果的，随之发生的；因··而引起的：Com·
Detition in the market has led to goods being produced cheaply
and a consequent deterioration in quality. 市场上的竞争导致
了商品的廉价生产，随之质量也下降了。|(fml正式) Severe flood
ing was consequent on the heavy rains. 大洪水是由大雨所致。
 — compare 比较 SUBSEQUENT; see also 另见 CONSEQUENTLY
con·se·quen·tial /kanse`kwnfel; kons'kwenfal/ adj fml
【正式】1 important; SIGNIFICANT重要的，有重大意义的：a
consequential decision 有重大意义的决定 — opposite 反义词
inconsequential 2 thinking oneself very important: SELF-
IMPORTANT 自大的，自以为是的，傲慢的：a bustling consequen-
tial little man 一个活跃而傲慢的小人物3 consequent 作为结
果的，随之发生的
con·se·quent. ly/kanse kwentli: 'konskwentli/ ady as a result:
therefore 所以，因此：Much of our knowledge, and conse-
quently much of our appreciation, of his work is based on
one biography. 我们对他作品的许多认识以及由此而作出的许多
评价都是以一本传记为依据的。| The bank refused to help the
company; consequently, it went bankrupt. 银行拒绝资助这家
公司，因此该公司破产了。
con·ser·van·cy /ken`s3·vensi; ken's3:vensi/n BrE【英】1 [+sing. 
pl. y] a group of officials who control and protect an area of
land, a river etc 〔区域、河流等的〕管理 [保护]机构：the Thames
Conservancy 泰晤士河管理委员会2 CONSERVATION(2)〔自然
资源等的〕保护
con·ser·va·tion / kanse`vefen; konse'veifan/ n [U (of)]1 the
act of keeping something from being wasted or lost 保存；保藏：
守恒，不灭：conservation of energy/momentum 能量守恒；动
量守恒 | a renewed appeal for the careful conservation of
water supplies要求小心保护水资源的再一次呼吁 2 the care-
ful preservation and protection of natural things, such as
animals, forests, rivers, and plants, to prevent them being
spoiled, wasted, or lost for ever. Conservation has become a
very important subject in politics〔自然资源等的〕保护〔这已成
为了一个非常重要的政治话题):wildlife conservation野生动
物的保护 | conservation measures 保护措施 — see also 另见
CONSERVE1
conservation a·re·a /··，·. /n an area usually of a town or
city with special ARCHITECTURAL or historic interest where
the local authority carefully controls building and development
work in order to protect the area. There are thousands of con-
servation areas in Britain. 〔市、镇中的〕建筑保护区：历史名胜保
护区〔英国有成千上万个这样的保护区〕
con. ser·va. tion. ist /，kanse`vefenist; konse'veifanst/n an
active supporter of CONSERVATION (2)， especially one who is
not in favour of new buildings or new roads if they will cause
damage to the natural world自然资源保护论者；生态环境保护
主义者〔尤指反对修筑会对自然界造成破坏的楼宇或道路的人)
The plans to build a big road through the forest were can-
celled due to pressure from conservationists/from the con-
servationist lobby. (=groups of people interested in conservation)
由于来自提倡保护生态环境的人士[院外活动集团]的压力，穿越
森林修筑大型公路的计划被取消了。— -ism n[U
con·ser·va·tis·m /ken`s3·vetizem; ken's3:vetizem/ n [U] 1 dis-
like of change, especially sudden change 保守，守旧：people's
innate conservatism in matters of language 在语言问题上人
们天生的因循守旧 2 (often cap. 常用大写) the (political) belief
that the established order of society should be kept as it is for
as long as possible and that any change should be gradual. In
Britain, conservatism is usually thought of in connection with
the Conservative Party. In the US, it is usually thought of in
connection with the Republican Party. 〔政治上的〕保守主义〔在
英国，人们通常把它与保守党联系在一起。在美国，人们则一般把
它与共和党联系在一起〕
con·ser·va. tive'/ken`s3·vetiv; ken's3:vetiv/ adj 1 liking old
and established ways; not liking change, especially sudden
change 保守的，守旧的：a very conservative attitude to educa-
tion 对教育的非常保守的态度 2 not very modern in style, taste, 
manners etc; TRADITIONAL〔在风格、趣味、生活方式等方面〕不
赶时髦的，传统的：a very conservative suit/hairstyle 老式服装
[发型] 3 careful; intentionally kept rather low 谨慎的；稳健的：
At a conservative estimate, the holiday will cost ￡300. (=i
will probably cost more)按照保守的估计，这个假期也得花300
英镑。 — ~ly adv
conservative2n a CONSERVATIVE(1, 2) person 保守者，因循守
旧的人：Aunt Mary's a real conservative. She's totally op. 
posed to women going out to work. 玛丽姑妈是个极守旧的人，
她根本就反对女人外出工作
Conservative also 又作 Tory n a member or supporter of the
CONSERVATIVE PARTY in the UK 英国保守党党员：保守党支持
者：The council consists of eight Labour members, five Lib-
eral Democrats, and two Conservatives. 市议会由八名工党成
员、五名自由民主党成员和两名保守党成员组成。- Conserva-
tive adj: Conservative policies 保守党的政策 | the Conser
vative Member of Parliament for Huntingdon 亨廷登的保守
党议员
Conservative Par. ty, the /'. . . . / also called the
Conservatives, the Tory Party, and the Tories. One of the
hree main political parties in the UK. The Conservative Party
has RIGHT-WING principles, and strongly supports the idea of
FREE ENTERPRISE(=an economic system in which private com-
panies compete against each other to make profits, and there is
not much government control of economic activity). The Con-
servative Party was especially powerful during the period from
1979 to 1997， when it established a programme of PRIVATIZATION
(=selling state-owned services such as electricity, gas, and the
telephone service, so that they became private companies) and
made new laws that limited the rights of workers and their
TRADE UNIONS. In 1997， it was heavily defeated in the election. 
保守党〔英国三大政党之一。该党持右翼准则，极力支持自由企业
制的观点，1979年至1997年间尤为强大，在此期间它制定了私有
化计划和限制工人及其工会权利的新法律。1997年，该党在大选
中严重受挫〕
con·ser·va·toire /ken, s3ve`twar; ken's3:vetwa:/ BrE【英】
conservatory AmE【美】- n a school where people are trained
in music or acting 音乐[演艺]学校[学院]
con·ser·va·to. ry /ken`s3ve, tori; ken's3:vetari/ n 1 a glass-
enclosed area, sometimes forming part of a house, where plants
are grown. People also build conservatories to add more space
to their houses, and to make a pleasant place to sit in the sun. 
〔培植植物的〕温室，暖房〔人们建造温室的目的还为了增加房屋空
间和一个沐浴阳光的舒适地方〕2 especially AmE for【尤美】=
CONSERVATOIRE
con-serve'/ken`s3·v; ken's3:v/ v [T] to keep from being wasted. 
damaged, lost, or destroved; preserve 保护; 保存; 保藏: Con-
serve your energy - you'll need it!保存你的精力 — 你会用
得着的！ We must conserve our forests and woodlands for fu-
ture generations. 我们必须为子孙后代保护森林资源。 vari-
ous methods of conserving electricity 各种节约用电的方法
con-serve2 /`kans3·v; 'kons3:v/ n [C often pl. 常用复数； U] fml
fruit preserved by cooking in sugar; JAM【正式】蜜饯；果酱
consider /ken`side; ken'side/ v 1 [I; T] to think about, espe
cially in order to make a decision; examine 考虑，细想，斟酌：
He paused to consider the situation. 他停下来考虑这情况。
0364
Your suggestions will be carefully considered. 你的建议会得
到仔细考虑的。| [+v-ing] I'm considering changing my job. 
(=I may change it)我在考虑转换工作。| [+wh-] We've decided
to move but are still considering where to go to. 我们已决定
搬家，但还在考虑往哪儿搬。2 [T] to take into account 顾及，考
虑到：Before you decide to leave your job, consider the effect
it will have on your family. 你在决定辞职以前，应考虑到这会
对你的家庭造成的影响。| [+that] If you consider that she's
only been studying English for six months, she speaks it very
well. Have you considered how difficult it is for the new
students?你如果考虑到她学英语才六个月，那么她英语讲得的确
不错了。你考虑过这对新生有多难吗？ — see also 另见 CONSID
ERING 3 [T+obi+n/adi] to think of in the stated way; regard as
认为，把··看作：I consider it a great honour/I consider my-
self greatly honoured to be invited to join the committee. 我
认为能被邀请加入委员会是[自己]很大的荣幸。| Do you con-
sider her suitable for the job?你认为她做这工作合适吗？ | A
further increase in interest rates is now considered unlikely
进一步提高利率现在被认为是不太可能的。4 Consider it done. 
(a phrase used to tell someone who asks you to do something
for them that you will be happy to help them)乐意效劳：“Could
you possibly type this out for me?” “Consider it done!\"“你
能帮我把这份东西打印出来吗？” “乐意效劳！”5 be considering
your position euph to be thinking about whether you should
RESIGN from your job【婉】考虑是否要辞职
con·sid·e·ra·ble /ken`siderebl; ken'siderebel/ adj fairly large
or great; of an amount or degree that must be taken seriously
相当大[多]的；值得考虑的：A considerable number of people
obiect to the governmen's attitude to immigration, 相当多的
人反对政府对待移民问题的态度。| She has considerable in-
fluence with the President. 她对总统有相当大的影响。| at con·
siderable expense 以相当大的费用 — compare 比较INCON
SIDERABLE
con. sid·e·ra. bly /ken`siderebli; ken'sidarebli/ adv much; a great
deal 相当大地；在很大程度上：It's considerably colder today
than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天要冷得多
con·sid·er·ate /ken`siderit; ken'sidert/ adj [(towards, to)]
apprec thoughtful of the wishes, needs, or feelings of others
【褒】体贴的，关心的；替他人着想的，考虑周全的：Your children
are always very considerate towards old people. 你的孩子总
是非常体贴老人。| It was very considerate of you to let us
know you were going to be late. 你事先就告诉我们你会来得晚
些，真是考虑得周全。 — opposite 反义词 inconsiderate — ~ly
adv — ~ness n [U]: I appreciate your considerateness in tell-
ing me about it. 谢谢你想得这么周到，把这事告诉了我。
con-sid·e·ration /ken side`refen; ken side'reifan/ n 1 [U(for)]
thoughtful attention to or care for the wishes, needs, or feel-
ings of others 体谅；体贴；照顾；关心：John never showed any
consideration for his mother's feelings. 约翰从来都不体谅他
母亲的感情。| The name of the murdered woman has not been
released, out of consideration for her parents. 考虑到其父母
的感受，被谋害女人的名字没有透露出来。2[U(for, to)]care-
ful thought; thoughtful attention 考虑，斟酌：We shall give your
request our fullest consideration. 我们会认真考虑你的请求。
After duellong consideration, I have decided to recommend
him for the post. 经过充分[长时间]的考虑，我决定推荐他担任
这个职务。| She is one of three actresses under considera-
tion for the part. 她是三个被考虑演这个角色的演员之一。3 [C]
a fact to be considered when making a decision 要考虑的事实
[因素]：Time is an important consideration, 时间是个要考虑
的重要因素。| Political rather than economic considerations
influenced the location of the new factory, 政治的而不是经济
的因素影响到这个新工厂的选址。4[C usually sing. 一般用单
数]fml a payment for a service; reward【正式】报酬；补偿费：
For a small consideration, my friend will help you move your
belongings to your new house. 给少量的报酬, 我的朋友就会帮
你把东西搬到你的新居去。5 in consideration of fml in return
for; because of【正式】作为对··的酬报；由于：a small payment
in consideration of their services 作为答谢他们帮忙的一点儿
报酬 6 on no consideration fml never; whatever happens【正
式】决不，无论如何都不：On no consideration must you leave
the patient unattended. 在任何情况下你都不可以把病人撇下不
管。7 take something into consideration to remember some-
thing when making a judgment or decision 考虑到，顾及：Your
teachers will take your recent illness into consideration when
they mark your exams. 你的几位老师评定考试成绩时，会考虑
到你最近生病的情况。| Taking everything into consideration
the result is better than I expected. 从各方面考虑，结果比我预
料的好
con. sid·ered /ken`sided; ken'sided/ adj 1 [A] reached after
careful thought 经过仔细考虑的，经过深思熟虑的：“What do you
think of this painting?” “It's complete rubbish. ” “Oh, I see. 
That's your considered opinion, is it?” “你觉得这幅画怎么
样？” “那是彻头彻尾的垃圾。” “噢，我明白了。那就是你经过仔细
考虑的意见了？”2 [after adv 用于副词后] fiml thought of in the
stated usually good way【正式】受尊重的，受尊敬的；受推崇的
Her paintings are well considered abroad. 她的画在国外得到
很好的评价。| a very highly considered General 极受尊敬的
将军 3 all things considered when you consider everything
that might have produced a different result 从各方面考虑；从通
盘考虑：The ground was muddy, and she hadn't run for a
month, so her speed was really quite good, all things considered
地上泥泞不堪，而且她有一个月没有跑步了，考虑到所有这些情
况，她的速度实在很不错了。
con-sid·er·ing1/ken`siderin; ken'sidarin/ prep, conj if you take
into account the rather surprising fact (of)考虑到，就··而论
Considering the strength of the opposition, we did very well
to score two goals. 就对方的实力而论，我们能进两个球就很不
错了。| [+that/wh-] He did very well in his exams consider-
ing that he had studied so little/considering how little he had
studied. 他学得很少，就此而言，他考得很不错了
considering2 adv (in end position only 只用于句末) infml when
you consider everything that might have produced a different
result【非正式】从各方面考虑，从通盘考虑：Yes, her speed was
quite good, considering. 不错，从各方面来看，她的速度相当快。
con-sign /ken`sain; ken'sain/ v [T]1 [(to)] to send (something)
to a person or place for sale 把··托人代售，寄售；托运：The goods
were consigned to you by railway. 货物已由铁路托运到你处
2 [+obi+prep] fml to put into the care or control of someone
else【正式】把·托付给；把··交付给：The captured rebels were
consigned to the dungeons. 抓到的叛乱分子被送进了地牢。
(humor 幽默)“Where's her letter?” “I consigned it to th
wastepaper basket. ” “她的信哪儿去了？” “我把它扔到废纸篓里
去了。’
con-sign. ee /kansai`ni; konsai'ni:/n tech the person to whom
something is delivered【术语】收货人，收件人
con-sign·ment /ken`sainment; ken'sainment/ n 1 [C (of)+sing. /
pl. v] a quantity of goods consigned together 托付货物；托卖货
物：The last consignment of bananas was bad. 最后一批托卖
的香蕉很糟糕。2[U] the act of consigning 寄售；托运；托付；交
付 3 on consignment sent to a person or shop that pays only
for what is sold and returns what is unsold 以寄售方式：to or-
der/send/ship goods on consignment 订购[发出；运送]寄售货
物
con·sign. or, -er /ken`saine; ken'saine'/ n tech a person who
consigns goods【术语】托运人；寄售货物的货主；发货人
*con·sist /ken`sist; ken'sist/v
consist in sthg. phr v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行
式] fml to have as a base; depend on【正式】在于，存在于：The
beauty of venice consists largely in the style of its ancient
buildings. 威尼斯的美很大程度上在于它那古代建筑的风格。
consist of sthg. phr v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行
式] to be made up of 由·组成，由·构成：The United King
dom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王
国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。| a cargo of supplies, consist-
ing mainly of food and medicines 一批主要是食品和药品的货
物-see参见 COMPRISE(USAGE)
con·sis·ten. cy /ken`sistensi; ken'sistansi/ also又作 con·sis·tence
/-tens; -tans/ rare【罕】- n 1 [U] the state of always keeping
to the same principles or course of action 始终一贯，一致性，连
贯性：Your behaviour lacks consistency - you say one thing
and do another!你的行为缺乏一致性，你说的是一回事，做的又
是一回事！ — opposite 反义词 inconsistency 2 [C; U] the de-
gree of firmness, stiffness, or thickness 坚实度；浓度；黏稠度
First mix the butter and sugar to the consistency of thick
cream. 先要把黄油和糖混合到稠奶油的程度。
con. sis. tent /ken`sistent; ken'sistant/ adj 1 (of a person, 
behaviour, beliefs etc) continually keeping to the same prin-
ciples or course of action; having a regular pattern 〔人、行为
信念等)一贯的，始终如一的；the defendant's consistent denial
of the charges 被告始终对控罪的否认 | The last five years
have seen a consistent improvement in the country's economy. 
在最近五年里，这个国家的经济情况一直在好转。|a consistent
advocate/supporter of penal reform刑法改革的一贯倡议者| 支
持者] 2 [(with)] in agreement or accordance 一致的，符合的：a
consistent argument 前后一致的论点 | This statement is not
consistent with what you said earlier. 这说法同你以前说过的
话不一致。| This development is consistent with the company's
aims of reducing its costs. 这种发展同公司降低成本的目标是
一致的。 — opposite 反义词 inconsistent — ~ly ady: I'm fed
0365
up with your attitude - it's been consistently negative from
the very beginning. 我对你的态度厌烦极了，你的态度从一开始
就一直是消极的。
con·so·la·tion /kanse`lefen; konse'leifan/ n [C; U] (a persor
or thing that gives) comfort during a time of sadness or disap-
pointment 安慰，慰藉；起安慰作用的事物；给人带来安慰的人：
You boys were a great consolation to me when your father
died. 你父亲去世后，你们几个孩子对我就是很大的安慰。|I'm
sorry I forgot your present; it's not much consolation. I know
but here's your card. 对不起，我忘了给你礼物了，我知道这对
你算不上什么，但还是给你这张祝贺卡吧。—compare比较
COMPENSATION, RECOMPENSE
consolation prize /，·'· /n a prize given to someone who has
not won a competition, especially to someone who has come
second 安慰奖：The runners-up each received a T-shirt as a
consolation prize. 每个比赛中得到第二名的人都得到一件T恤
衫作为安慰奖。
con·sol·a·to. ry /ken`sale, tori; ken'spleteri/ adj fml intended
to console【正式】安慰的，慰藉的
con·sole1 /ken`sol; ken'seul/ v [T (with)] to give comfort or
sympathy to (someone)in times of disappointment or sadness
安慰，慰藉：We tried to console her when her dog died. 她的
狗死后，我们尽力安慰她。| Console yourself with the thought
that it might have been worse!事情本来可能会更糟，用这种想
法自我安慰吧！ — see also 另见 INCONSOLABLE
con-sole2 /`kansol; 'konseul/ n a flat surface containing the
controls for a machine, piece of electrical equipment, ORGAN
4)etc〔机器、仪器等的〕控制台，操纵台；仪表盘：a computer
console 电脑控制台
con·sol·i·date /ken`sale, det; ken'soldeit/ v [I; T] 1 to (cause
to) become stronger and firmer （使）变坚固[结实]；加强，巩固：
We've made a good start; now it's time to consolidate. (=make
sure we keep our good position)我们有了一个良好的开端，现
在应该加以巩固。| His successful negotiations with the Ameri-
cans helped him to consolidate his position in the government. 
他同美国人的成功谈判有助于他加强自己在政府中的地位。|The
company has consolidated its hold on the market. 公司加强
了对市场的控制。2 [(into)] to (cause to) combine into fewer
or one; MERGE （使） 合并，（使） 联合：Several local businesses
have recently consolidated to form a single large company
几家本地商行最近合并组成一家大公司。| a consolidated school
district合并成的校区 - -dation /ken sale`defen; ken spl!'deifan
n [C; U]: the consolidation of the three firms 三家商号的合并
consolidated fund /. '/ n [the+S] tech (in Britain) money
collected from taxation in order to pay the interest on the na
tional debt【术语】〔英国的〕统一基金〔由税收拨出以支付国家债
务利息〕
con·sols /'kansalz; ken'solz/ n [P] tech British government
BONDS which earn interest and are repayable on demand【术
语】英国政府债券
con·som·me /kanse`me; ken'somei/ n [U] clear soup made
from meat and/or vegetables 清炖肉[菜]汤
con·so·nance /`kansenens; 'konsenens/ n 1 [U (with)] fiml agree
ment among parts【正式】一致，协调 2 [C; U] tech a pleasant-
sounding combination of musical notes; HARMONY【术语】协
和音，和音 — opposite 反义词 dissonance
*con. so·nant1 /kansenent; 'konsenent/ n 1 any of the speech
sounds made by partly or completely stopping the flow of air
as it goes through the mouth 辅音，子音 2 a letter representing
a consonant sound; any of the letters of the English alphabet
except a, e, i, o, u 辅音[子音]字母
consonant2 adj 1 [(with, to)] fml in agreement; CONSISTENT
【正式】一致的，符合的，协调的：This policy is scarcely conso-
nant with the government's declared aims. 这项政策与政府宣
称的目标几乎没有什么共同之处。2 tech having musical conso
nance【术语】协和音的, 和音的 --opposite反义词 dissonant
con·sort'/kansort; 'konso:t/ n a wife or husband, especially of
a ruler 配偶〔尤指在位君主的妻或夫〕 — see also 另见 PRINCE
CONSORT, QUEEN CONSORT
consort2n fml【正式】1 a group of musicians who perform mu
sic of former times, or the group of old-fashioned instruments
they use〔演奏古典音乐的)一组乐师；一组古典乐器：a consort
of viols 一组古典弦乐器 2 in consort(with) together (with)
一起，共同：He ruled in consort with his father. 他同父亲共同
执政。
con. sort3 /ken`sort; ken'so:t/ v
consort together phr v [I] often derog to consort with each
other【常贬】勾结，朋比为奸，同谋：Thieves often consort together
窃贼们常常朋比为奸，
consort with sbdy. phr v [T] often derog to spend time in
the company of (especially bad people)【常贬】结交〔坏人)，同
(坏人)交往：to consort with criminals 同罪犯交往
con·sor·ti·um /ken`sorfiem; ken'so:tiem/n -tiums or -tia /-fie
-tie/ a combination of several companies, banks etc, for a com-
mon purpose〔数家公司或银行联合组成的〕财团：联营企业：The
new aircraft was developed by a European consortium. 这种
新飞机是一家欧洲财团出资研制的，
con·spec. tus /ken`spaktes; ken'spektes/ n [(of)] fml a short
report, a set of tables etc, giving a general view of a subject【正
式】概要；大纲；一览表
con·spic·u. ous /ken`spikjues; ken'spikjues/ adj [(for)]
noticeable; attracting attention; easily seen 显著的，显眼的；惹
人注目的：显而易见的：a conspicuous high-rise office block
显眼的高层办公大楼 | He was conspicuous for his bravery
他因为勇敢而引人注目。| You were conspicuous by your ab-
sence yesterday. (=people noticed you were not present)你昨
天缺席，引起了别人注意。 — opposite 反义词 inconspicuous -
~ly adv - — ~ness n [U]
conspicuous con-sump. tion /·. ·. . ·/ n [U] wasteful spend-
ing intended to attract attention and show your wealth and high
social position, especially done by people who have recently
become wealthy and want other people to know it 夸耀性消费
〔尤指是刚刚富裕起来的人出于炫耀财产或地位而铺张浪费〕
con·spi·ra. cy /ken`spiresi; ken'spiresi/ n [C; U] a secret plar
by two or more people to do something against the law 阴谋
密谋； a fraud conspiracy 诈骗阴谋 | [+to-y] a conspiracy to
smuggle drugs into the country 走私毒品到这个国家的阴谋
The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder. 这些人
被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。 — see also 另见 CONSPIRATOR
conspiracy of si·lence /，··'·/ n conspiracies of silence a
secret agreement to keep silent about something bad, especially
for selfish reasons〔为了私利而)对坏事保持缄默的密约
conspiracy theo. ry /·'·，·/ n [S] an explanation of an even
based on the belief that it was caused by a group of powerful
people acting and planning it in secret 阴谋论〔对事件的一种解
释，认为它是由一群权贵密谋造成的)：the conspiracy theory
explanation of President Kennedy's assassination 肯尼迪总
统遇刺事件的阴谋论解释
con. spi. ra. tor /ken`spirete; ken'spireteT/n a person who takes
part in a conspiracy 阴谋家；共谋者
con·spi·ra·to. ri·al /ken, spire`toriel; ken, spire'to:riel/ adj of o
suggesting a conspiracy or a conspirator 阴谋的；阴谋家的：搞
阴谋的，阴险的：a conspiratorial gathering 阴谋家的聚会| a
conspiratorial glance/wink 诡诈的目光 [眼色] — ~ly adv
con-spire /ken`spair; ken'spaie/v [I+to-v]1 [(with, TOGETHER)
to plan (something bad) together secretly; take part in a con-
spiracy 密谋；共谋；搞阴谋：The criminals conspired (together
with each other) to rob a bank. 罪犯密谋抢劫银行。2 (of events)
to combine or work together, especially with bad results〔事
件)巧合，共同导致，凑在一起：Events conspired to produce
great difficulties for the government. 各种事件凑在一起给政
府带来了很大困难。
con·sta·ble /`kanstebl; 'kanstebel/ n BrE【英】1 a British po
lice officer of the lowest rank 警察：Send Constable Timms. 派
蒂姆斯警察去。| Please could you help me, Constable?警
察，您能帮助我吗？ — see also另见 PATROLMAN(2), P. C. , W. P. C. 
OFFICER (3) 2 tech the governor of a royal castle【术语】皇家城
堡主管 3 tech (in former times) an important official in a royal
or noble HOUSEHOLD【术语】〔古代王室、贵族家的〕总管
Constable, John (1776-1837) a British painter known for his
paintings and drawings of the SUFFOLK countryside, especially
The Haywain, which is one of the most famous British paint-
ings 康斯太布尔〔(1776-1837)，英国画家，以其表现萨福克乡村
的油画和素描闻名，尤其是《干草车》，为英国最著名的油画之一
con·stab. u. la. ry /ken`staebje lari; ken'staebjleri/n [C+sing. /
pl. v] especially BrE the police force of a particular area or
country【尤英】〔某地区、国家的〕警察部队 — see also 另见 PA-
TROL(5)
con·stan·cy /`kanstensi; 'kpnstensi/ n [U] fml【正式】1 free
dom from change 坚定不移；经久不变；持久性：constancy of
purposelof temperature 目标坚定；恒温 2 faithfulness; loyalty
忠实，忠贞：constancy between husband and wife 夫妻间的忠
诚
con-stant' /kanstent; 'konstent/ adj 1 fixed or unchanging:
INVARIABLE 始终如一的，恒久不变的：He drove at a constant
speed. 他以稳定的速度开车。| A thermostat keeps the tem-
perature constant. 恒温器可以保持温度恒久不变。2 continu
ally happening or repeated; regular(持续)不断的，连续发生的，
再重复的：constant arguments 不断的争论 | The machinery
requires constant maintenance, 这些机器需要经常保养维修。
0366
under constant attack in the newspapers 在报纸上不断受到攻
击 3 lit loval; faithful【文】忠实的，忠诚的：a constant friend
忠实的朋友 — ~ly adv
constant2n tech something, especially a number or quantity
that never varies【术语】常数，恒量 — compare 比较 VARIABLE2
Con-stan·tine the Great /kanstentain oe`gret; konstentain
e 'greit/ Constantine I (？274-337 AD) the first Christian ruler
of the ROMAN EMPIRE. In 330 AD he made BYZANTIUM the
capital city of the empire instead of Rome and changed the
name of the new capital to Constantinople. 君士坦丁大帝，君
士坦丁一世〔(？274-337)，罗马帝国第一位信仰基督教的皇帝。公
元330年，他以拜占廷取代罗马作为帝国的都城，并将它改名为君
士坦丁堡) — see also 另见 BYZANTINE
Con·stan·ti·no. ple /kanstaente`nopl; konstaent'neupal/ the
city on the Bosporus which was the capital of the BYZANTINE
Empire for seven centuries from 330 AD, when it was estab-
lished by Constantine the Great on the place where Byzantium
had formerly stood. Later it was the capital of Turkey. It is
now called Istanbul. 君士坦丁堡〔地跨博斯普鲁斯海峡的一座城
市。公元330年，君士坦丁大帝在拜占廷原址建立该城，之后的7
个世纪一直为拜占廷帝国的首都。后成为土耳其首都，现称伊斯坦
布尔〕
con·stel. la·tion /kanste`lefen; 'konst'leifan/ n 1 a number
of stars seen from the Earth as a group and often having a name
(e. g. the Great Bear)星座 2 [(of)] lit a group or gathering
especially an admired one【文】〔尤指受人钦佩的)一群杰出人物
con·ster·na·tion /kanste`nefen; kpnste'neifan/ n [U] rather
fml great shock and worry or fear; DISMAY【比较正式】惊愕；惊
恐；惊惶失措：He was filled with consternation to hear that
his friend was so ill. 他听说朋友病得那么厉害，感到非常震惊。
To his consternation, he realized that he had left his chequebook
at home. 他意识到自己把支票簿丢在家里了，这使他惊惶失措。|
She found, to her utterltotal consternation, that she was
pregnant. 令她极为惊愕的是她发现自己怀孕了。
con·sti·pa·tion /kanste`pefen; konst'peifan/ n [U] the con. 
dition of being unable to empty the bowels frequently enough
and/or effectively 便秘：“I've got terrible constipation, Mum. 
“Take a laxative. ” “我得了严重便秘, 妈妈。” “吃一剂通便药吧。”
--ted /`kanste petid; 'konstpeitd/ adj: You'll get consti-
pated if you never eat fruit. 你如果总不吃水果，是会便秘的。
con·sti·tu·en·cy /ken`stitfuensi; ken'stitfuensi/ n 1 any of the
areas of a country that elect a representative to a parliament
[选举国会议员的]选区：I must protest at the siting of the new
missile base in my constituency. 我一定抗议在我的选区建造
新的导弹基地。| Our MP doesn't even live in this constituency
我们的议员甚至不住在这个选区。2 [+sing. /pl. y] the voters liv-
ing in such an area 选区的全体选民：The constituency is/are
voting tomorrow. 选民明天投票。- — compare 比较 WARD'(2)
3 any group that supports or is likely to support a politician or
party〔政客或政党的〕（一批）支持者，（一批）赞助者：Big busi. 
ness is his most important constituency, 大企业是他最重要的
支持者。— see Feature on page B17 参见 B17页文化特写
con·sti·tu·ent1/ken`stitfuent; ken'stitfuent/n 1 a voter; mem-
ber of a constituency 选区的一个选民：The minister's constitu
ents feel that he does not spend enough time dealing with
their problems. 选民认为那位部长并没有花上足够的时间去处理
他们的问题。2 any of the parts that make up a whole 成分；构
成部分；要素：the constituents of gunpowder/cement 火药[水
泥]的成分 — compare 比较 COMPONENT
constituent2 adj [A] being one of the parts that make a whole
构成的，组成的；形成的：the constituent parts of an atom 原子
的成分 | The EU and its constituent members 欧盟及其成员
国
constituent as·sem·bly /·，· ·'·/ BrE【英】‖ constitutional
convention AmE【美】— n (often caps. 常用大写) a body of
representatives elected to establish or change the constitution
of a country 制宪议会
con·sti·tute /`kanste tjut; 'konsttju:t/ ν fiml【正式】1 [L not in
progressive forms 不用进行式] to form or make up; be 组成
构成；形成，成为：the 50 states that constitute the USA 组成美
国的50个州| Your attitude constitutes a direct challenge to
my authority. 你的态度成了对我权威的直接挑战。— see 参见
COMPRISE (USAGE) 2 [T] to formally establish or appoint 制
定，设立：任命：Governments should be constituted by the will
of the people. 政府应依人民的意志而设立
con·sti·tu·tion /kanste`tiufen; konst'tiu:[an/n 1 [C] (often
cap. 常用大写) the system of laws and principles according to
which a country or an organization is governed. Although the
constitution of most countries is written down, the British con-
stitution is not. 宪法：法规：章程〔尽管大多数国家的宪法都是以
书面形式记录的，但英国宪法却不是这样)：a proposal to amend
(=change) the club's constitution 修改俱乐部章程的提议 — see
also 另见 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 2 [C] the gen-
eral condition of a person's body or mind 体格，体质；心理素
质：an old man with a weak constitution 体质虚弱的老人 3 [C
(of)] fml the way in which something is put together【正式】构
成方式；构造：objections to the constitution of the committee
针对委员会组成方式的反对意见4 [U(of)] the act of establishing, 
making, or setting up 制定；设立；组成；任命
con·sti·tu·tion·al1/kanste`tiufenl; kpnsttiu:fanel/adj1 al-
lowed or limited by a political constitution 宪法规定的；合乎宪
法的：There are severe constitutional constraints on the power
of the British monarchy. 宪法对英国君主的权力有严格的限
制。| a constitutional government 立宪政体| constitutional
rights宪法上规定的权利The government can't refus to
hold a by-election - it's not constitutional. 政府不能拒绝举
行补缺选举，因为那样做是违反宪法的。 — opposite 反义词 un. 
constitutional; see also 另见 CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY 2
of a political constitution 宪法的：a constitutional crisis 宪法
危机3 of a person's constitution体质上的；生来的：a constitu
tional weakness of the chest 先天性肺弱 — see also 另见 CON
STITUTIONALLY
constitutional2n old-fash a walk taken to keep yourself healthy
【过时】保健散步
constitutional con·ven-tion /··. '·/ n AmE a body of rep. 
resentatives elected to establish or change the constitution of a
country; CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY【美】制宪议会
Constitutional Convention, the the meeting of representa-
tives in 1787 in Philadelphia that led to the writing of the CON
STITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES of America 制宪会议〔1787
年各代表在费城召开的制定美国宪法的会议〕
con·sti·tu·tion. al·is. m /kanste`tjufenlizem; konst'tju:fanelizam/
n [U] the belief that a government should be based on estab-
lished laws and principles 立宪主义 -- -ist n
con·sti·tu·tion. al·i·ty /kanstetjufe`naeliti; konsttju:fe'naelti/
n [U] the quality of being in agreement with a CONSTITUTION
(1)合宪性，符合宪法：The senator questioned the constitution
ality of the proposed law. 那位参议员对该议案的合宪性提出
质疑。
con·sti·tu·tion·al-ly /kanste`tjufenli; konst'tju:fanali/ adv
1 in accordance with a political constitution 依照宪法：The
government must always act constitutionally. 政府必须时刻
依照宪法行事。2 in accordance with a person's constitution 就
体质而言，就天生的性格而言：Margaret is constitutionally in-
capable of modifying her opinions. 从玛格丽特的性格来讲，
她是不会更改自己的意见的。
constitutional mon·ar-chy /·'·/ a state ruled by a king
or queen, in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to
those allowed by the CONSTITUTION and laws of the country 君
主立宪制 — compare 比较 ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
Constitution of the U·nit·ed States, the /·. ····. ·/
also 又作 Constitution the highest law of the government of
the US, often unofficially called the Constitution. The Con
stitution was first written at the Constitutional Convention of
1787, and it officially came into use in 1789. It consists of
seven ARTICLES and 27 AMENDMENTS (=additions and changes
to the original). 《美国宪法》〔美国的根本大法，常常被非正式称为
the Constitution, 最初在1787年的制宪会议上制定，1789年正
式生效，共包含7项条款和27项修正案)— see Feature on page
B17参见B17页文化特写
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The Constitution The
Constitution of the United States describes how the US
government should be formed and what rights citizens and
states should have, such as the right to vote and the right to
carry weapons. US citizens believe that the Constitution is
very important, because it protects their political freedoms. 
The first ten AMENDMENTS (=additions) to the Constitu-
tion were added in 1791， and these are known as the BILI
OF RIGHTS. 《美国宪法》：美国宪法描述了美国政府的构成形
式以及公民和各州所享有的权利，如选举权、携带武器权等
美国公民相信宪法是非常重要的，因为它能保护他们的政治自
由。最初的10项修正案于1791年加进宪法，称为《人权法案》。
The Preamble Most Americans recognize the PREAMBLE
(=beginning statement) of the Constitution, which reads. 
'We the people of the United States, in order to form a
more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic
ranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the
general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to our-
0367
selves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Con-
stitution for the United States of America. 序言：大多数美
国人知道《美国宪法》的序言部分：“我们，合众国的人民，为了
组织一个更完善的联邦，树立公平和正义，保障国内的安宁
建立共同的国防、增进人民的总体福利，和确保我们自己和我
们后代从自由中得来的幸福，为美利坚合众国制定和确定这
部宪法。
The Constitution and the law In the US, all local and
national laws must agree with the Constitution. If some
one thinks a law is UNCONSTITUTIONAL (=against the rules
and principles stated in the Constitution), they can ask a
court of law to decide whether it agrees with the Constitu
tion or not. If the court decides a law is unconstitutional
that law can no longer be used. The US Supreme Court
examines cases where a law or legal decision may be
against the principles of the Constitution, in order to de
cide if it is unconstitutional, and the decision of the Su
preme Court is final and cannot be changed, 宪法和法律
在美国，所有地方和国家的法律法规必须符合宪法。如果有人
认为某项法律违反宪法，他们可以提请法庭裁决。如果法庭判
决一项法律违反宪法，该法律即遭废止。美国高等法院审理有
关法律和法庭裁决是否违宪的案件，高等法院的裁决是决定性
的，不可更改。
con·strain /ken`stren; ken'strein/ v [T] fml to hold back, or force
into an unwanted action, by limiting your freedom to act or
choose【正式】强迫，强使；限制；约束：Our research has been
constrained by lack of cash. 我们的研究由于经费不足而受到
限制。| [+obj+to-v] I felt constrained to do what he told me
我感到不能不做他叫我做的事。
con-strained /ken`strend; ken'streind/ adj awkward; unnatu-
ral 强装出来的；不自然的；勉强的：a constrained manner/smile
不自然的举止[笑容] — ~ly /-nidli; -ndli/ adv
con-straint /ken`strent; ken'streint/n fml【正式】1 [C (on)]
something that limits your freedom of action; RESTRICTION限
制；束缚；约束力：legal/financial constraints on the company's
activities对公司活动的法律[财政]约束|(tech术语) con-
straints on the rules of gramman. 语法规则的限制 2 [U] a forced
or unnatural manner, hiding your natural feelings and behaviour
局促，拘谨，不自然：The children showed unusual constraint
in the presence of the new teacher. 孩子们在新老师面前显得
极不自然。3 [U] the threat or use of force as a strong influence
on your actions; COMPULSION 强制，强迫：We obeyed, but un
der constraint. 我们服从了，然而是被迫的
con-strict /ken`strikt; ken'strikt/ v [T] fml to make narrower
smaller, or tighter【正式】压缩；压紧；使收缩；收紧：The tight
collar constricted his neck/his breathing. 紧领子勒着他的脖
子[妨碍他呼吸]。 — compare 比较 RESTRICT — ~ion /-`strikfen
'strikfan/ n [C; U]: (a) constriction of the blood vessels 血管
的收缩 — ~ive /-`striktiv; -'striktiv/ adj
con·stric·tor /ken`strikte; ken'strikte/n tech【术语】1 a muscle
that reduces or increases the size of an organ in the body 
2 a snake, such as a BOA, that kills animals by winding itself
round them and crushing them〔把猎物卷缠绞死的〕大蛇，大蟒
con·struct'/ken`strakt; ken'strakt/ v [T] 1 [(from, of, out of)]
to build; make by putting together or combining parts建造，构
筑，组成，构成：to construct a bridgela sentencelan argumen
建造桥梁：造句：确立论点2 tech to draw (a GEOMETRIC figure
using suitable instruments【术语】绘制〔几何图)：Construct a
square on this line. 在这条线上画一个正方形。 — ~or n
con-struct2 /`kanstrakt; 'kpnstrakt/n tech an idea formed i
the mind by combining pieces of information; CONCEPT【术语】
构想；概念：theoretical constructs 理论概念
con·struc. tion /ken`strvkfen; ken'strvkfan/ n 1 [U] the work
of building; building industry 建设，建筑工作；建筑业：He works
in construction/in the construction industry, 他在建筑行业工
作。| construction workers 建筑工人 2 [U] the act or process
of constructing 建造；构筑：There are two new hotels under
construction. (=being built) 有两家新饭店正在兴建。| a lu
crative contract for the construction of four new power sta-
tions 建造四座新发电站的赚钱的合同 | A chair is an object of
simple construction. 椅子是容易建造的物体。3 [C] something
constructed, especially a building 建筑物；建造物：a peculiarly
shaped construction 造形独特的建筑物 4 [C] tech the arrange
ment and relationship of words in a phrase or sentence【术语】
〔词在短语或句子中的〕结构；句法关系：A learner's dictionary
should give both the meanings of words and examples of the
constructions in which they are used. 一本学生词典应该既提
供词语的含义，又举出应用这些词语的例子。5 [C] a meaning or
explanation given to a statement, action etc; INTERPRETATION
〔对陈述、行为等的〕解释，说明：Please don'tput the wrong
construction on his odd behaviour. 请不要曲解他的古怪行为。
 — ~al adj
con-struc. tive /ken`straktiy; ken'straktiy/ adj (especially of a
statement or remark)useful; helping to improve or develop
something〔陈述、话语等〕建设性的，积极的：a very constructive
attitude/suggestion 非常积极的态度；建设性的建议|construc-
tive criticism (=telling you how to improve)建设性的批评
compare 比较 DESTRUCTIVE (2) — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
con-strue /ken`stru; ken'stru:/v[T] 1 [+obj+adv/prep] fml to
place a particular meaning on (a statement, action etc); under-
stand or explain in a particular way【正式】解释〔陈述、行为等〕：
They construed her silence as meaning that she agreed. 他们
把她的沉默解释为表示赞同。| I think my remarks have been
wrongly construed. 我想我的话被曲解了。 — see also 另见
MISCONSTRUE 2 tech to explain the relationship of words in (a
sentence), especially when translating Latin or Greek【术语】
〔尤指翻译拉丁文或希腊文时〕对〔句子等〕作语法分析
con·sub·stan. ti·a. tion /kanseb, staenfi`efen; konsebstaenfi'eifan/
n [U] tech the belief that the body and blood of Christ are
present together with the bread and wine offered by the priest
during COMMUNION (=a Christian religious service)【术语】圣
体共在（论）〔认为基督的圣体、圣血与圣餐共在之说〕 — compare 
比较 TRANSUBSTANTIATION
con. sul /'kansl; 'konsal/ n 1 a person appointed by a govern
ment to protect and help its citizens and its interests in trade in
a foreign city 领事 — compare 比较 AMBASSADOR, HIGH COM-
MISSIONER 2 either of the two chief public officials of the an-
cient Roman republic, each elected for one year 〔古代罗马共和
国时期任期一年的)二执政官之一 — ~ar /`kansle; 'konsjle/
adj: the consular office/section of the embassy 大使馆的领事
处 — ~shipn[C; U]
con·su. late /`kanslit; 'konsjlt/ n 1 the official building in
which a CONSUL (1) lives or works 领事馆 2 the rank or period
of office of a consul 领事职位；领事任期
con·sult /ken`svlt; ken'svlt/ v [T] to go to (a book, a person
with special knowledge etc) for information, advice etc查阅
〔书籍等〕：〔向专业人员〕咨询：请教：to consult a dictionary 查
阅字典| Have you consulted a doctor about your rash?你找
医生看过你的皮疹吗？ | Why was I not consulted before you
made the decision?你做决定以前为什么不跟我商量？ | to con
sult a lawyer 向律师咨询
consult with sbdy. phr v [T pass. rare 很少用被动语态] to
exchange opinions, information etc with 与·交换意见；与··商
议：Before we can accept the management's offer we mus
consult with the workers again. 我们在接受资方提出的提议以
前要再次同工人商量。
con·sul·tant /ken`saltent; ken'svltent/ n 1 [(to)] a person who
gives specialist professional advice to others 顾问：a consul-
tant to a software firm 软件公司顾问 | an industrial relations
consultant 劳资关系方面的顾问| a firm of consultants顾问
公司 2 especially BrE【尤英】‖specialist AmE【美】a high rank
ing hospital doctor who gives specialist advice. Usually a per-
son goes to an ordinary doctor first, and is then sent to a
consultant. 高级顾问医生：会诊医生〔通常人们先看普通医生，然
后被送到会诊医生那里〕 - -tancy n: He was appointed to a
lucrative consultancy. 他经任命得到了一个拿高薪的顾问职位，
con·sul·ta. tion /kansal`tefen; konsal'teifan/ n 1 [C (on. 
about) often pl. 常用复数] a meeting held to exchange opin-
ions and ideas, especially so that a decision can be made 协商
会，审议会，评议会：We held a hurried consultation on the
stairs outside her room, 我们在她房间外面的楼梯上进行了紧
急磋商。| After consultations with his military advisers, the
president decidec to declare war. 经过与军事顾问多次商议之
后，总统决定宣战。2 [U(with)] the act or process of consult
ing 商量，磋商；求教，咨询：Implementation of the proposed
changes would require consultation with teachers and par-
ents. 把所提出的变革付诸实施，得征求教师和家长的意见。| We
made the decision in consultation with the union members. 
我们在同工会会员协商后作出了决定
con·sul·ta·tive /ken`saltetiy; ken'saltetry/ adj that can give
advice or make suggestions; ADVISORY 咨询的；顾问的：a con-
sultative committee顾问委员会
con-sult·ing /ken`svltin; ken'svltin/ adj [A] 1 providing spe. 
cialist or professional advice 承接咨询业务的；担任顾问的：a
consulting lawyer 顾问律师 2 of or for consultatio or a con-
sultant 咨询的；与专业咨询有关的；会诊的：a doctor's consult
ing room 医生的诊察室
con·su·ma·bles /ken`sumeblz: ken'siu:mebalz/ n [Pl food or
0368
provisions that can be consumed 消耗品，消费品
con·sume/ken`sum; ken'sju:m/ ν [T] fml【正式】1 to eat or drink
especially eagerly or in large amounts 大吃；大喝 2 to use up
(time, money, goods etc)消耗〔时间)；消费〔金钱、物品等〕；耗
尽：Arguing about details consumed many hours of the
committee's valuable time. 争论细节问题消耗了委员会数小时
宝贵的时间。| a time-consuming process 花费大量时间的过
程 | Furnaces consume fuel. 熔炉很消耗燃料。| a growing
pap between what the country produces and what it consumes
该国的生产与消费之间日益扩大的差距 — see also 另见 CON-
SUMPTION 3 (of a fire) to destroy 〔大火)烧毁，毁灭：The fire
soon consumed the wooden buildings, 大火很快就把那些木制
建筑物吞没了。4 [often pass. 常用被动语态] to fill the thoughts
or feelings of continuously, especially in a damaging way为
某种思想[感情] 而不断受折磨； She was consumed with guilta
jealousy. 她深感内疚[妒忌得不得了]。 — see also另见CON
SUMING
con-sum·er /ken`sume: ken'siu:me/n a person who buys and
uses goods and services 消费者；顾客：The price increases were
passed on by the firm to the consumers. 公司把上涨的费用都
转嫁到了消费者身上。| a consumer advice and protection cen
tre 消费者咨询与保护中心| consumer surveys 消费者调查
consumer dur·a·bles /·，· '·/ BrE【英】‖ durable goods AmE
【美】- n [P] large articles that are only bought infrequently. 
such as cars, beds, or televisions (as opposed to something
bought regularly, such as food or clothes)耐用消费品<诸如汽
车、床、电视机等，与日常生活资料诸如食品、衣服等相对>
consumer goods /'·/ n [P] goods such as food, clothing
and equipment used in the home消费品，消费者货物，生活资料
compare 比较 CAPITAL GOODS
con·sum·er·ism /ken`sume·rizem; ken'sju:merizem/ n [U] 1 the
idea or belief that buying as many goods as possible is desir-
able for a person or society 消费主义〔认为高消费对个人和社
会有利的看法)2 support for the interests of consumers, e. g. in
making sure that prices are not too high, that the quality of
goods is satisfactory etc 保护消费者利益主义
consumer price in-dex /，. . / n AmE a list of figures avai
lable from the government each month that show what ordi-
nary people must pay for various goods and services, and how
much these prices have gone up or down in relation to previ-
ous figures【美】消费品价格指数〔政府每月提供的数据，表示普通
民众必须花多少钱用以购买各种商品或取得各种服务，以及这些价
格与前一次的数据相比较产生的上下变化幅度〕 — compare 比较
RETAIL PRICE INDEX
consumer pro. tec. tion /，. . ·/n [U] actions by government
business, and private groups to protect people who buy things
from being physically hurt, cheated, or treated unfairly in any
way消费者权益保护〔政府、企业和私人团体为保护消费者免受身
体伤害、欺骗或不公平对待而采取的措施
Consumer Re-ports /. . '/ a US magazine which tests and
reports on the quality of particular products in order to help
people to decide which one to buy. It accepts no advertising
and the information it provides is highly respected. There is a
similar magazine in the UK called WHICH?《消费报告》〔美国一
杂志，测试并报道特定产品的质量以帮助消费者选择商品。该杂志
不刊登广告，所提供的信息受到高度重视。英国的一本类似杂志称
《哪一个？》
consumer re·search /，. ·. '/ n [U] the study of what people
who buy goods and services want, like, and buy, in order to
test the market for a new product. This is often done by some-
one questioning people in shops, or visiting them at home. 消
费者研究〔为新产品作市场测试而对消费者的需求、爱好和购买的
商品所作的调查，通常的做法是在商店里向人们提问题或者上门调
查)：After extensive consumer research the new product was
aunched. 经过对消费者的深入研究后，新产品推出了
Consumers' As. so. ci·ation, the /. '. . . ·/ a British organi-
zation to help CONSUMERS. It tests the quality of products and
services, and suggests the best ones to buy and use in its own
magazine, called WHICH? It also fights for the rights of con
sumers in the UK. (英国)消费者协会〔该团体检查产品和服务
的质量，在自己刊行的杂志《哪一个？》中推荐购买和使用最佳产
品，它也为英国的消费者争取合法权益〕
consumer so. ci·e·ty /'··，. ·/ n a society in which the produc
tion of consumer goods and the satisfaction of human wants
are seen to be very important 消费社会〔极其重视消费品的生产
和人类需求的满足的社会)：We live in a consumer society. 我
们生活在一个消费社会里
consumer ter. ror·is. m /·，. ·. / n [U] the deliberate spoiling
of food or other products on sale to the public, in order either
to obtain money from the company which sells the product or
to protest against something the company is doing. An example
of this in 1989 involved objects, such as broken glass and pins, 
being put into baby food in Britain in order to BLACKMAIL the
food company. 消费恐怖手段，消费恐怖主义〔对公开出售的食物
或其他产品的蓄意破坏，以向卖方公司敲诈勒索或为了抗议该公司
的某些行为，例证之一是1989年有人为了敲诈食品公司而在婴儿
食物中放入玻璃碎屑和大头针等物)：The government said it
would not give way to consumer terrorism. 政府声称不会向
消费恐怖主义屈服。| a campaign of consumer terrorism 消费
恐怖主义活动 - -ist n
con·sum·ing /ken`sumin; ken'sju:min/ adj[A] (of feelings etc)
very strong and having a controlling influence〔感情等〕强烈
的；具有支配力的：It was her consuming ambition to become
an architect. 成为一名建筑师是她的强烈愿望。| a consuming
interest/passion 浓厚的兴趣；强烈的激情
con·sum·mate'/ken`svmit; ken'svmt/ adj [A no comp. 无比
较级]fml【正式】1 perfect; complete 完美的；完全的；圆满的：
He won the race with consummate ease. 他轻而易举地赢了比
赛。|consummate happiness/skill 无上的幸福；完美的技巧
2 highly skilled 技艺高超的：a consummate liar/politician 说
谎大王；高明的政治家 — ~ly adv
con·sum·mate2/`kanse, met; 'konsemeit/ν[T] fiml【正式】1 to
make (a marriage) complete by having sex. In English and
American law a marriage is legal after the wedding, but it is
not considered complete until sex has taken place, and it can
be declared NULL AND VOID if one partner cannot or will not
consummate the marriage in this way. 〔经同房而〕使〔婚姻〕完
成〔按英国和美国的法律，举行过婚礼的婚姻是合法的，但夫妻同
房后才算完婚。如果一方不能或不愿以这种方式完婚，则该婚姻可
以宣布无效)2 to finish or perfect; complete 使完善；使完美；使
圆满：His happiness was consummated when she agreed to
spend the day with him. 当她同意与他一起度过这天时，他感到
无上的幸福。| to consummate a business deal 完成一笔买卖
con·sum·ma·tion /kanse`mefen; , konse'meifan/ n 1[C (of)
usually sing. 一般用单数] the point at which something is made
complete or perfect 完成；圆满；完美，极致：the consummation
of ten years' work 十年的心血终于完成 2 [U] the act of con-
summating a marriage 圆房，完婚
con-sump. tion /ken`svmpfen; ken'svmpfen/ n 1 [S; U (of)
the act of consuming or an amount consumed (CONSUME)消
费，消耗；消费[耗]量：Consumption of oil has declined in
recent years. 油的消耗量在最近几年下降了。| The food was
declarec unfit for humar consumption, 这种食品被宣布不适
于人吃。| The car's fuel consumption is very high. 这种汽车
很耗油量。| There's too great a consumption of alcohol in
Britain, 在英国酒的消耗量太大了。- — see also_另见 CONSPiCU-
OUS CONSUMPTION 2 [U] old use TUBERCULOSIS of the lungs
(=a serious disease)【旧】肺痨；痨病：She died fromlof consump-
tion. 她死于痨病
con-sump. tive /ken`samptiv; ken'samptiv/ n, adj old use (a
person) suffering from TUBERCULOSIS of the lungs【旧】患肺痨
的；肺痨患者
cont. written abbrey, for 缩写= 1 containing 包含 2 contents
包含物 3 CONTINENT1洲 4 continued 续（前）
con·tact'/kantaekt; 'kontaekt/ n 1 [U(with)] the act or state of
touching or coming together 接触：His drill came into con
tact with an electric cable, and he was nearly electrocuted. 
他的钻头触到了电缆，他几乎被电死。| Have the children been
in contact with the disease?孩子们同这种疾病有过接触吗？
They avoided eye contact(=avoided looking directly at each
other)all evening. 他们整个晚上都避免看对方。2[U(with)]
the state of having a connection or exchanging information or
ideas with someone else; COMMUNICATION 联系，联络；交往：
Until recently, this remote tribe had little contact with the
outside world. 这个边远的部落直到最近和外界几乎没有过什么
联系。| Have you been in contact with your solicitor recently?
你最近同你的律师有联系吗？| We made contact with the ship
by radio. 我们通过无线电与那只船取得联系。| Are you in ra
dio contact with the climbers?你与登山者有无线电联系吗？
I've lost contact with George in the last few months. (=I have
not seen him, telephoned him, had a letter from him etc)我在
过去的几个月里同乔治失去了联络。3[C] infml a social, profes
sional, or business connection; a person you know who can
help you【非正式】社会关系；熟人；门路：I've got a useful con-
tact in the tax office. 我在税务局有熟人。| Ask Henry -- he's
got the right contacts/some good contacts. 问亨利去-
——他有
门路[一些不错的关系]。4 [C] an electrical part that can be
moved to touch another part in order to complete an electrical
CIRCUIT〔电路的〕触点；接头 5 [C] infml for【非正式】= CON-
TACT LENS
0369
contact2y [T] to reach (someone) by message, telephone etc
〔通过捎信或打电话等〕跟〔某人)联络上，同〔某人〕（建立）联系
Have you contacted the child's parents?你同孩子的父母联系
上了吗？ | For further information, contact your local agent. 
要了解进一步情况，请跟你们本地的代理商联系
contact3 adj [Al caused or made active by touch由接触引起的
通过接触而发生作用的：contact poisons/explosives 接触（传递）
性的毒物；一触即炸的爆炸物|He doesn't like playing con
tact sports. (=sports which involve physical contact with other
players)他不喜欢有身体接触的体育运动，
contact derma. ti·tis /，·. ·. ·/n [U] a painful condition of the
skin caused by direct contact with a substance, especially a
chemical, which makes the skin react by becoming red and
swollen〔尤指触及化学品引起的〕接触性皮炎
contact lens /'· ·/ also 又作 lens, contact infml【非正式】- r
[often pl. 常用复数] a small plastic LENS shaped to fit closely
over the centre of the eye to improve the eyesight, or some
times to change the colour of the eyes〔用于提高视力或改变眼
睛颜色的〕隐形眼镜片：hard/soft contact lenses 硬性[软性]隐
形眼镜— see 参见 PAIR(USAGE)
contact print /'. / n tech a photographic print made by put
ting an exposed film into direct contact with paper or film and
allowing light to reach it【术语】接触印相照片
con·ta·gion /ken`ted3en; ken'teid3an/ n fml【正式】1 [C; U] the
act of spreading a disease by touch, or a disease spread in this
way(接)触（传）染：（接）触（传）染病 — compare比较 INFEC-
TION 2 [C(of)] a harmful influence that spreads from person
to person 〔蔓延开的) 恶劣影响；感染；蔓延：a contagion of fear
恐惧的蔓延
con·ta·gious /ken`ted3es; ken'teid3es/ adj1 (of a disease) that
can be passed from one person to another by touch （疾病）（接）
触（传）染的；（接）触（传）染性的：Measles is highly contagious. 
麻疹很容易通过接触传染。|(fig. 喻)contagious laughter/en
thusiasn有感染力的笑声[热情] — compare_比较 INFECTIouS
2 (of a person) having a contagious disease(人)患（接）触（传）
染病的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n[U]
*con·tain /ken`ten; ken'teim/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用
进行式] 1 to hold; have within itself or as a part 包含：容纳
That box contains old letters. 那盒子里装着旧信。| Beer con
tains alcohol. 啤酒含有酒精。| This book contains all the in-
formation you need. 这本书中有你要的所有资料。| The bill
contained several new clauses. 这项议案包括几项新的条款。|
a file containing classified information 装有机密情报的档案
 — see also 另见 CONTENTS 2 to hold back; keep under control
or within limits 克制；抑制，控制：Try to contain your enthusi
asm/anger!要努力控制住你的热情[愤怒]！ | She couldn't con-
tain herself any longer - she simply had to tell him the good
news. 她无法再克制自己了——她非得把这好消息告诉他不可。
Doctors are struggling to contain the epidemic. 医生正在奋
力控制这种流行病。 — see also 另见 SELF-CONTAINED 3 tech
to surround (especially an angle)【术语】包围〔图形，尤指角〕
How big is the angle contained by these two sides? 这两条边
的夹角有多大？
con·tain·er /ken`tene: ken'teine/ n 1 a box, barrel, bottle, or
any other object used for holding something 容器<如箱、桶、瓶
等)：Can you find some kind of container for these buttons?
你能找个盒子放这些纽扣吗？2 tech a very large usually meta
box in which goods are packed to make it easy to lift or move
them, e. g. onto a ship or road vehicle【术语】集装箱，货柜：a
cargo container 货物集装箱 | a container port (=a port that
handles ships that carry containers)集装箱码头
con·tain·er·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/kan`tena arz: kan
'teineraiz/ v [T] tech【术语】1 to pack (goods) in CONTAINERS
(2)用集装箱装运〔货物)2 to change(a place)so that CONTAIN-
ERS(2) can be used there 使〔某处)集装箱化：plans to contain
erize the port 使港口集装箱化的计划 - -ization /ken tenere
`zefen; ken, teinerai'zeifan/n [U]
con·tain·ment /ken`tenment; ken'teinment/ n [U] 1 the act of
containing (CONTAIN (2) something 控制；抑制：the contain
ment of an epidemiclof crowd violence at soccer matches 控
制流行病[足球比赛中的群众暴力事件]2 the use of political
means other than war to prevent an unfriendly state from be-
coming more powerful 遏制（政策）
con. tam. i. nant /ken`taemenent; ken'taemnent/n something tha
contaminates 致污物，污染物
con·tam·i·nate /ken`taeme net; ken'taemneit/ y [T] to make
impure or bad by mixing in impure, dirty, or poisonous matter
把··弄脏，污染：Large areas of land have been contaminatea
by the leakage from the nuclear reactor, 大片地区都被核反应
堆的泄漏物污染了。|contaminated food/drugs 受污染的食物
[药品] | (fig. 喻) Our students are being contaminated by his
extreme right wing ideas! 我们的学生正在受到他的极右观点
的毒害！- -nator n - -nation /ken, taeme`nefen; ken, taem-
'neifan/ n [U]: radioactive contamination 放射性污染
con·tan·go /ken`taengo; ken'taengeu/ n -gos BrE tech a sum of
money which someone buying SHARES'(2) pays to the seller
in order to delay delivery until a later date【英，术语】交易延期
费，延期交割费〔股票购买者为了延期交割而付给卖方的钱〕-
compare 比较 BACKWARDATION
contd written abbrev. for 缩写= continued
con·tem·plate /`kantem, plet; 'kontempleit/ v1 [I; T] to think
(about) deeply and thoughtfully, especially when considering
a possible course of action or future event 深思；细想；仔细考
虑：The doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to
perform. 医生仔细地考虑他所要做的棘手的手术。| The possi-
bility of war is too horrifying to contemplate!战争的可能性
太可怕了，真不堪细想！| He refuses to contemplate change
他拒绝考虑作出任何改变。| [+v-ing] The government has con
templated reforming the entire tax system. 政府打算改革整个
税收体制。|(infml 非正式) I hope your mother isn't contem-
plating coming to stay with us! 我希望你母亲没有打算来同我
们住在一起！2 [T] fml to look at quietly and solemnly【正式】
〔默默而严肃地〕注视，凝视：to contemplate a beautiful sunset
凝视美丽的落日景色 3 contemplate your navel humor to think
deeply; used especially when you are not doing anything very
much【幽】深思，冥想〔尤用于指某人无所事事的时候〕
con·tem·pla. tion /kantem`plefen; kontem'pleifan/ n [U(of)
1 the act of thinking deeply and quietly; deep thought 沉思，
想，默想：She seemed lost in contemplation. 她似乎想得出了
神。| The monks spent an hour in contemplation each
morning. 那些修道士每天早上默祷一个小时。2 fml the act of
looking at something quietly and solemnly【正式】注视，凝视，
静观--plative /`kantem, pletiv; 'kentempletiv/ adj: He has
a quiet, contemplative nature. 他性格文静，好沉思默想，
con·tem·po. ra. ne. ous /ken, tmpe`renies; ken. tempe'reinies/
adj[(with)] fml existing or happening during the same period
of time; CONTEMPORARY(2)【正式】存在[发生]于同一时期的：
同时期的；同时代的 — ~ly adv - -neity /ken, tampere`nieti
ken, tempare'ni:ti/ n[U]
con·tem·po. ra. ry1/ken`tmpe reri; ken'tempareri/ adj1 modern:
belonging to the present time 当代的：contemporary dress/art
morals 当代服装[艺术；伦理] | a contemporary building 当代
建筑 2 [(with)] of or belonging to the same (stated) time 同时
代的；同属于一个时期的；当时的：Beethoven was contemporary
with Napoleon. 贝多芬与拿破仑是同时代的人。|Contempo-
rary reports of past events are often more interesting than
modern historians'views of them. 对于历史上的事件，当时的
报道往往比现代历史学家的评说更为有趣。— see 参见 NEW
(USAGE)
contemporary2n a person living at the same time or of the
same age as another 同时代的人；同年龄的人：John is a con-
temporary of mine; we were at school together. 约翰与我是
同龄人，我们曾一起在学校读书。| Beethoven and Napoleon
were contemporaries. 贝多芬与拿破仑是同时代的人
con·tempt /ken`tempt; ken'tempt/ n [U] 1 [(for)] a total lack
of respect; the feeling that someone or something is completely
worthless, unimportant, or undesirable; DISDAIN 轻视，轻蔑
鄙视：Take no notice of them - treat them with the contempt
tey deserve. 别理他们, 他们不配让人看得起。| His contemnt
for most of his fellow politicians is clearly expressed in his
book. 他对大多数搞政治的同僚的鄙视在他的书中流露无遗。
He is completely beneath contempt. (=not even worth the
effort of feeling contempt)他根本就为人所不齿。| I hold those
fools in (utter) contempt. 我 （根本）看不起那些笨蛋。-- com-
pare 比较 DISDAIN1 2 [(of)] disobedience of or disrespect to. 
wards a judge, court of law etc〔对法官、法庭等的)藐视罪：He
was charged with contempt of court, 他被指控藐视（法庭）罪。|
He was found in contempt of the order. 他被裁定为藐视法庭
指令。
con. temp. ti-ble /ken`tamptebl; ken'temptbal/ adj deserving
to be treated with contempt; DESPICABLE 可轻视的；可鄙的；卑
劣的：That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend! 那是
种欺骗朋友的卑劣手段！|an absolutely contemptible little
man 一个极其可鄙的小人物 - -bly adv
con·temp·tu·ous /ken`tmptfues; ken'temptfues/adj [(of)
showing contempt 轻蔑的，表示轻视的；傲慢不恭的：He gave a
contemptuous laugh. 他轻蔑地笑了笑。| Contemptuous of
danger, he rushed back into the burning building. 他不顾危
险，又冲入着火的大楼。 — ~ly ady; She tossed her head con-
temptuously. 她傲慢地把头一扬
0370
con·tend /ken`tand; ken'tend/ v 1 [I (against, for, with)] to
compete or struggle against difficulties 竞争；斗争，奋争：They
are contending for the championship. 他们为争夺冠军而拼搏。
\"ve got enough problems to contend with, without your
interference!我要应付的问题够多的了，你还来添麻烦！2[T+that; 
obi] fml to claim; say or state strongly【正式】声称，断言，主
张：The police contended that the man was in the area at the
time of the robbery. 警方断言那人在抢劫案发生时在现场。
see also 另见 CONTENTION
con·tend·er /ken`tende; ken'tende/ n [(for)] (especially in
sports) a person who takes part in a competition 〔尤指体育比赛
中的)竞争者； a serious contender for the championship 一心
要争夺冠军的人| a leading contender to succeed the Prime
Minister 继任首相职位的主要竞争者
con·tent' /ken`tent; ken'tent/ adj [F (with)] satisfied; happy:
not wanting more than you have 满足的；满意的；知足的：con
tent with life 对生活知足 | [+to-v] John seems content to sit
in front of the television all night. 看来约翰整晚坐在电视机前
已感心满意足。| (derog 贬) Not content with having over-
thrown the government, the military dictator imprisoned all
his opponents. 这个军事独裁者推翻了政府还不满足，又把反对
他的人通通关进了监狱。 — see also 另见 CONTENTED
content2v [T] 1 to make happy or satistfied 使满意；使满足
2 content yourself with to limit yourself to, and be satisfied
with 使自己满足[甘心] 于·：As he had to drive home after
the party, he contented himself with two glasses of beer. 他因
为晚会后要开车回家，所以只限自己喝了两杯啤酒就算了。
content3 n [U] lit CONTENTMENT【文】满意；满足 — opposite
反义词 discontent — see also 另见 to your heart's content
(HEART)
con-tent4 /`kantent; 'kontent/ n 1 [U] the subject matter, espe
cially the ideas, of a book, speech etc 内容：I like the style of
his writing but I don't like the content. 我喜欢他作品的风格，
但不欣赏其内容。2 [S] the amount of the stated substance con-
tained in something 含量：the lead content of paint 漆中铅的
含量 | food with a high fat content 脂肪含量高的食物 - com
pare 比较 CONTENTS
con·tent·ed /ken`tentid; ken'tentd/ adj satisfied; quietly happy
满意的，满足的；知足的：contented cows 看来已经喂饱的奶牛
a contented smile 满意的笑容 — ~ly ady
con·ten·tion /ken`tenfen; ken'tenfan/n fml【正式】1 [C] a point
of view that you argue in favour of; ASSERTION 论点；主张：I
strongly oppose that contention. 我强烈反对那种主张。|
[+that] It is my contention that the plan would never have
been successful. 我的看法是，那计划本来是决不会成功的。-
see also 另见 bone of contention (BONE) 2 [U (against, for. 
with, between)] arguing, competing, or struggling between
people 争论；竞争；争夺：The pay increase is the key point of
contention. 增加工资是争论的要点。| This issue is no longer
in contention. (=being argued about)这个问题已不再争论了。
Losing three matches in a row has put them out of contention
for the championship title. (=they are no longer able to win it)
他们一连输了三场比赛，从而失去了争夺冠军的资格
con·ten·tious /ken`tenfes; ken'tenfes/ adj fml【正式】1 likely
to cause argument; CONTROVERSIAL 引起争论的；有争议的：a
contentious issue/decision 有争议的问题[决定] 2 (of a person)
fond of arguing 〔人)〕爱争论的；好争吵的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n
[U]
con·tent. ment /ken`tentment; ken'tentment/ n [U] quiet
happiness; satisfaction 满意；满足：The cat purred in obvious
contentment. 那猫带着满意的样子呜呜地叫。| the contentment
of a well-fed baby 喂养得很好的婴儿心满意足的样子
*con·tents /kantents; 'kontents/ n [P] 1 [(of)] that which is
contained in something 内含物；内容：He drank the contents
of the bottle. 他把瓶子里的东西喝光了。| The police emptied
her bag and examined the contents. 警察把她的包倒空，检查
了里面的东西。| The Prime Minister declined to go into de-
tails on the contents of his talks with the Chancellor. 首相拒
绝透露他同财政大臣谈话内容的细节。2 a list in a book saying
what the book contains 〔书的)目录，目次：Look at the contents
(page) before you buy the book. 买书以前要先看看目录。| the
table of contents 目录 — compare 比较 CONTENT
con·test1 /`kantest; 'kontest/ n 1 a struggle or fight to gair
control or advantage 争夺；竞争：the contest for leadership of
te Darty争夺该党的领导权 2 a competition, especially one
judged by a group of specially chosen judges 比赛，竞赛：a
beauty contest 选美比赛
con·test2 /ken`tast; ken'test/ v [T] fml【正式】1 to compete for
fight for 竞争，争夺，角逐：How many people are contesting
the seat on the council?有多少人在争夺市议会中那个席位？
a fiercely contested takeover bid 收购投标中的激烈竞争 2 to
argue about the rightness of 对··提出质疑[异议]；抗辩：I in. 
tend to contest the judge's decision in another court. 我打算
到另一法院抗辩法官所做的判决。| Her husband has filed for
divorce and she's contesting it. 她丈夫已正式申请离婚，她正
在进行抗辩。
con·tes·tant /ken`testent; ken'testant/ n someone competing
in a contest 竞争者；参加竞赛者，选手：Tonight's lucky contes-
tants have already been selected from the audience, 今晚的
幸运参赛者已经从观众中挑选出来。
con-text /`kantakst; 'kontekst/ n 1 the parts of a piece of writing, 
a speech etc which surround a word or passage and which in-
fluence or help to explain its meaning 上下文，语境：In some
contexts 'mad' means 'foolish', in some ‘angry', and in oth-
ers‘insane’. 在有些上下文中mad的意思是“愚蠢的”，在另一些
语境中其意思是“生气的”，而在另外一些情况下其意思又可是“发
疯的”。| He was furious that the papers had quoted his re-
marks completely out of context. 报纸引他的话完全是断章取
义，他对此十分气愤。2 the surrounding conditions in which
something takes place〔事情发生的)场合；环境；周围情况；背
景：Look at your own job in the wider context of the whole
department. 从整个部门这一大范围来看待你的工作。| The re-
port should be considered within its social context. 这个报告
应该结合其社会背景加以考虑
con·tex·tu. al /ken`tkstfuel; ken'tekstfuel/ adj of or according
to the context 上下文的；根据上下文的：This word has a spe-
cial contextual meaning here. 这个词在这段上下文中有特别的
解释。 — ~ly adv
con·tex·tu·al·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/ken`tkstfuelaiz:
ken'tekstfuelaiz/ ν [T] to put into context 将··放进上下文中
--ization /ken takstfuele`zefen; ken tekstfuelai'zeifan/ n [U]
con·ti-board /`kantibord; 'kontibo:d/ n [U] trademark (ofter
cap. 常用大写) a type of board covered in MELAMINE and used
for shelves【商标】〔用来做搁板的〕“康蒂博德”牌密胺树脂复合板
con·ti·gu·i·ty /kante`gjueti; kont'gju:ti/ also 又作 con·tig·u·. 
ous·ness /ken`tigjuesnes; ken'tigjuesns/ - n [U (to, with)
fml nearness; the state of being contiguous【正式】接近；邻近
接触：接壤
con·tig·u. ous /ken`tigjues; ken'tigjues/ adj [(to, with)] fiml【正
式】1 touching; next (to); having a shared border 接触着的；接
近的；接壤的：England is the only country contiguous to/with
Wales. 英格兰是惟一与威尔士接壤的地区。2 next to or near in
time or order 〔时间、顺序上〕紧接的；邻近的：contiguous events
接连发生的事件 — ~ly adv
con·ti·nent1 /`kantenent; 'kontnent/ n any of the seven main
large masses of land on the Earth(地球上的)洲，大洲；大陆； the
European continent 欧洲大陆 | the continents of Africa and
Asia非洲和亚洲大陆
continent2 adj fml【正式】able to control yourself, especially
a your bowels and BLADDER 有正常排便节制力的 b old use
your sexual desires【旧】自我节制性欲的，禁欲的 — opposite 反
义词 incontinent - -nence n [U]
Continent, the BrE, becoming old-fashioned western Europe
not including Britain or Ireland【英，渐过时】欧洲大陆〔除英国
及爱尔兰外的西欧部分〕
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 This expression is based
on the old idea that Britain is separate from, and very dif-
ferent from, the rest of Europe. It is typically used when
talking about European countries as a place for holidays, 
but it is now becoming less common. 这一表达方式是基于
一个古老的观念之上的，即认为英国与欧洲的其余部分不相连
而且迥然不同。该词通常用于把欧洲国家当作度假地来谈论
的时候，但现在已不常见了
con·ti·nen·tal'/ kante`nentl; kpnt'nentl/ adj 1 (typical) of
a very large mass of land 大陆的；大陆性的：a continental cli
mate 大陆性气候 | continental waters (=the sea round a continent)
大陆沿海水域 2(of food, ideas, behaviour etc) thought to be
typical of other European countries, especially France and Italy. 
People often use continental to describe things they admire
and want to copy, such as particular types of food or types of
behaviour. 〔食物、思想、行为等〕欧洲大陆的；〔尤指〕法国和意大
利的〔人们经常用该词来描写自己欣赏的和想要模仿的东西，如某
类食品或某种行为方式)：continental food欧陆食品 | The cafe
has tables outside on the pavement- it looks very continental
那家咖啡馆把桌子摆在外面的人行道上——这看起来很有欧洲大
陆的味道。3 [Al (often cap. 常用大写) AmE of or in the North
American continent【美】北美大陆的：The continental United
States does not include Hawaii. 美国大陆不包括夏威夷。
0371
continental2n 1 old-fash a person who comes from Europe
but not one from the British Isles【过时】欧洲大陆人〔不含英伦
三岛的人)2 not worth a continental AmE infml worthless
【美，非正式】毫无价值
continental break·fast /，· '·/ n a light breakfast usually
consisting of CROISSANTS or bread rolls, butter, JAM, and coffee
typically eaten in various European countries 欧洲大陆式早餐，
清淡早餐<包括牛角面包或面包卷、黄油、果酱和咖啡>-com
pare 比较 ENGLISH BREAKFAST
Continental Con-gress, the /，. . . ·/ a group of politicians
who represented the original 13 American colonies （ COLONY). 
and met between 1774 and 1789. They made laws for the
colonies, and later formed the government of the US. The Con-
tinental Congress wrote the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 
and its members are often called 'The FOUNDING FATHERS'. 大
陆会议〔代表13个美国最初殖民地的一群政治家。他们在1774
年至1789年间举行会议，为殖民地制定法律，之后组成了美国政
府。大陆会议起草了《独立宣言》，其成员常被称为“开国元勋”〕
Continental Di·vide, the /. . . '/ the Great Divide the chain
of high mountains running from north to south in North
America. They divide the rivers which flow into the Pacific
Ocean from those which flow into the Atlantic Ocean or the
Gulf of Mexico. 北美大陆分水岭〔北美洲的一系列南北走向的山
脉，它们将流入太平洋的河流与流入大西洋或墨西哥湾的河流分隔
开〕
continental drift /· '·/ n [U] tech the very slow movement
of the CONTINENTS across the surface of the Earth【术语】大陆
漂移
continental quilt /，· '·/ n BrE for【英】= DUVET
continental shelf /，. ·'/ n a plain under the sea forming the
edge of a CONTINENT, typically ending in a very steep slope to
the ocean's depths 大陆架
con-tin. gen. cy /ken`tind3ensi; ken'tind3ensi/n a future event
that may or may not happen, especially one that would cause
problems if it did happen; possibility〔可能发生的〕意外事故
不测事件；可能性，偶然性：We must be prepared for every
contingency. 我们必须准备应付一切可能发生的事。| We have
contingency plans ready in case there is a flood. 如果发生水
灾，我们已经准备好临时应变计划。|contingency reserves 应
急储备金
contingency fee /'·/ n (in the US) the amount of mone
that a lawyer will collect only if the person he/she is advising
wins in court. It is usually a PERCENTAGE of the total amount
that the court decides on. 〔美国的〕成功酬金〔律师在其当事人胜
诉后收取的费用，通常以法庭判决的总金额的百分比计算
con-tin-gent'/ken`tind3ent; ken'tind3ent/ adjfml【正式】1 [F+on
upon] dependent on something uncertain or in the future因情
况而变的，视条件而定的：The company's future is contingent
on the outcome of the trial. 公司的未来取决于这次试验的结果
2 happening by chance; accidental 偶然发生的，意外的 — ~ly
adv
contingent2n 1 a group of soldiers, ships etc gathered together
to help a larger force （军队、舰队的）分遣队：The army has been
strengthened by a large contingent of foreign soldiers. 部队
得到一支外国士兵组成的大分遣队的增援，实力加强了。2[+sing. /
pl. v] infml a representative group forming part of a large
gathering【非正式】代表团：Have the Scottish contingent ar-
rived at the meeting yet?苏格兰代表团到会了吗？
con·tin·u·al /ken`tinjuel; ken'tinjuel/ adj 1 [A] often derog re
peated often and over a long period; regular; frequent【常贬】
多次重复的，频繁的：continual demands for improved work. 
ing conditions 多次争取改善工作条件的要求| continual in
terruptions 不断的打搅 2 continuing without interruption or
break 持续的，不间断的：They lived in continual fear. 他们长
期生活在恐惧中。 — ~ly ady
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 continual and 和
continuous. Continual usually describes actions (ofter
annoying or undesirable actions) which are repeated over
a period of time. 形容词 continual 常形容在一段时间内多
次重复的动作〔常指令人不愉快的动作)：Stop that continual
hammering. （别没完没了地敲打了。） | I'm tired of the way
he continually complains about everything, (他老是对什
么都抱怨，我都烦了。)Continuous describes things and
events which continue without interruption. 而 continu. 
ous 描述连续而不中断的事物或事件：The trees formed a con-
tinuous line on the horizon. (树木在地平线上连成了绵延不
断的线条。) | The plane landed after flying continuously
for 16 hours. (飞机在连续飞行了 16小时后着陆。)
con·tin·u·ance /ken`tinjuens; ken'tinjuens/ n [S; U] fml the
state or act of continuing【正式】持续；继续，连续：Continuance
of the war will mean shortages of food. 战争的持续意味着食
品短缺。
con·tin·u·a·tion /ken, tinju`efen; ken, tinju'eifan/n [(of)]1 [U
the act of continuing 继续；持续：How can you support the
continuation of trade relations with such a country?你怎么
能支持同这样一个国家继续维持贸易关系？2[C] something
which continues from something else 延续物，接续物：The Bal-
tc Sea is a continuation of the North Sea. 波罗的海是北海的
延伸。
con·tin·ue /ken`tinju; ken'tinju:/v1 [I (with); T] to (cause to
go on over a long period or space, without stopping or being
interrupted; carry on （使）继续；（使）延续；（使）延伸：The fight-
ing continued for a week. 战斗持续了一个星期。| The road
continues for another five miles. 公路还要向前延伸五英里。
If sales continue at their present rate, we will make record
profits this year. 销售额如果保持在目前水平，我们今年的利润
就会创记录。| How long can they continue (with) this dam-
aging strike?他们这种破坏性罢工能持续多久？|[+to-v] Al-
though they were obviously getting angry, he continued to
stare at them. 尽管他们显然已经生气了，可他还在盯着他们看。|
Despite having new owners, the company will continue to be
run by its present management. 公司虽然有了新主人，但它还
将继续由现在的经理部门管理。| [+y-ing] He continued writ-
ig his diaries until he died. 他长期坚持写日记, 直到去世。|
The dollar remained high because of the continued strength
of the US economy. 由于美国经济保持了实力，美元仍然坚挺
2 [I; T] to (cause to) start again after an interruption〔中断后)
(使)再继续：After a short break the game continued. 经过短
暂的休息后，比赛继续进行。| The story will be continued nexi
week. 故事下星期接着讲。| [+v-ing] Are you going to con
tinue gardening after dinner?晚饭后你还继续整理花园吗？
3 [I+adv/prep] to remain in a place, state, or condition; stay
留下来；维持原状；保持下去：She will continue as spokeswoman
for the organization. 她将继续担任这个组织的发言人。4 [I; T
to say also; go on to say, especially after an interruption 继续
说，接着说：The politician continued by saying that he thought
taxes shoula be lowerea. 那位政治家接着说, 他认为税收应该
降低。|“And so, ” she continued, “the struggle for equality
must go on. ” “因此，”她接着说，“争取平等的斗争必须继续下
去。” — see also 另见 CONTINUAL, CONTINUOUS, DISCONTINUE
continuing ed. u. ca. tion /·，. . . . /n [U] education provided
for adults outside the formal educational system, usually by
means of classes that are held in the evening; ADULT EDUCA
TION 持续教育，成人教育 — compare 比较 FURTHER EDUCA-
TION
conti·nu. i·ty /kante`nueti; kont'nju:ti/n [U]1 [(in, between)
uninterrupted connection; the fact or quality of being continu-
ous 连续（性）；持续（性）：连贯（性）：There's no continuity be-
tween the three parts of the book. 这本书的三个部分没有连贯
性。2 tech the arrangement of the parts of a film, broadcast etc
to give the appearance of continuous action【术语】〔电影的)场
景串联；〔广播等的〕节目串联 3 tech the music, words etc that
connect the parts of a broadcast, film etc【术语】〔电影、广播等
的〕节目串联词[音乐]：插白
continuity an. nounc. er /. '. . . . /n the person responsible
for giving the listeners or viewers information between the
programmes on radio or television〔广播电视节目〕串联主持人
continuity girl /·. ·. / continuity man masc. 【阳性】- n the
person responsible for the CONTINUITY (2) of a film(电影的)
女场记员
con·tin·u. o /ken`tinjuo; ken'tinju-eu/ also 又作 figured bass-
n -os (in music, especially of the 17th and 18th centuries) a
musical part consisting of a set of low notes with figures show-
ing the higher notes (CHORDS) to be played with them （尤指
17、18世纪的音乐〕数字低音，通奏低音
'con. tin·u. ous /ken`tinjues; ken'tinjues/ adj continuing with-
out interruption; unbroken 持续的，不间断的，连续的：The brain
needs a continuous supply of blood. 大脑需要不断的供血。|
The government is under continuous pressure to reform the
parliamentary system. 政府不断地受到要求改革国会制度的压
力。| a continuous line of cars/rise in the population 络绎不
绝的车流：人口的持续上升| that printer uses continuous pa-
per (=connected sheets of folded pages)那台打印机使用连续
式打印纸 — see 参见 CONTINUAL (USAGE) — ~ly adv
continuous as·sess·ment /，·. '·/n [U] the system of judg-
ing the quality of a student's work at every stage of a course
rather than only in exams at the end of the course. This is an
important part of the GCSE courses which are now taught in
0372
British schools. 〔对学生成绩的〕连续性评定〔有别于只用期末考
试评定，这是现在英国学校里开设的普通中等教育证书课程的一个
重要部分)：“What proportion of your degree course was con-
tinuous assessment?” “Sixty per cent. ” “连续性成绩评定占你
们学位课程的比例是多少？” “60%。”— see Feature on page B9
参见B9页文化特写
con·tin·u·um /ken`tinjuem; ken'tinjuem/ n -uums or -ua /-jue:
jue/ fml or tech【正式或术语】1 something which is without
parts and the same from beginning to end 统一体；连续体：the
continuum of time 时间的连续| the spaceltime continuum 空
间[时间]的连续 2 something that changes gradually and with-
out sudden breaks 逐渐演变的事物；群体连续体； a continuum
from the lowest to the highest forms of life从最低等生物到最
高等生物之间的群体连续体
con·tort /ken`tort; ken'to:t/ v [I; T (with)] to (cause to) twist
violently out of shape （使） 扭曲，（使）扭歪：Her face was con
torted with anger/with pain. 她的脸由于生气[疼痛]而扭曲了。
trees with contorted branches 枝条弯曲的树木
con-tor·tion /ken`torfen; ken'to:fan/ n 1 [U] the act of contort-
ing or being contorted 扭曲，扭歪：the contortion of the body
caused by certain kinds of poison 中毒造成的身体扭曲2[C]
a twisted position or movement 扭曲状[姿势]：the contortions
of a snake 蛇蜷曲的样子
con. tor. tion. ist /ken`torfenist; ken'to:fanst/n someone, es-
pecially a professional entertainer, who can twist their body
into unnatural shapes and positions 柔术杂技演员：(fig. 喻)
Watch out for Sally in an argument - she's a bit of a verbal
contortionist. 在辩论中要当心萨莉——她有点好曲解语义
con·tour1 /`kantur; 'kontue/ n 1 also 又作 contours pl. - the
shape of the outer edges of an area 外形；轮廓； the irregular
contours of the British coastline_英国海岸线的不规则轮廓
2 also 又作 contour line /'· / - a line drawn on a map to
show the limits of the areas at or above a certain height above
sea level〔地图上的〕等高线：the 500 foot contour 500 英尺的
等高线| a contour map 等高线地图
contour2v [T] tech【术语】1 to build (a road) along the con
tours of a hill循山的等高线修筑〔公路)2 to show the contours
of(an area) on a map 在地图上标出·的等高线，以等高线标示
contour3 adj [A] following the contours of the land 沿等高线
的；循地形的
con·tra /`kantre; 'kontre/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] 1 (ofter
cap. 常用大写) a member of a military organization which
fought the Nicaraguan government in the 1980s〔20世纪80年
代与尼加拉瓜政府对立的〕反政府武装人员：the Contra rebels
尼加拉瓜反政府武装叛乱分子 — see also 另见 IRANGATE 2
omeone who opposes another, usually in a political sense〔通
常指政治意义上的)反对派：Tory contras opposed to Heseltine
托里党内的赫塞尔廷反对派
contra- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
con. tra. band /`kantre, baend; 'kontrebaend/ adj, n [U] (of or
being)goods which it is not legal to bring into a country走私
货；禁运品；走私的，违禁的，非法买卖的：Customs officials
seized several tons of contraband cigarettes. 海关人员截获了
数吨走私香烟。| to trade in contraband 买卖走私物品
con·tra·bass /`kantre bes: kpntre'beis/ n a DOUBLE BASS 低音
提琴
con-tra-cep. tion /kantre`sepfen; , kontre'sepfan/ n [U] the act
or practice of preventing sex from resulting in the birth of a
child, and/or the methods for doing this; BIRTH CONTROL 避孕
节制生育：Most doctors give advice on contraception. 大多数
医生会就避孕问题提供意见。| Which method/form of contra
ception do you use?你用哪一种避孕方法？
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In many countries, con
traception is accepted and used by many people. The Ro
man Catholic Church, however, believes that contracep-
tion is morally wrong because only God should decide
when people have children, and the Church only allows
Catholics to use the RHYTHM METHOD to prevent womer
from having babies. 在许多国家，避孕被许多人接受并采用
但是天主教会认为避孕在道义上是错的，因为只有上帝才能决
定人类的生育。天主教会只允许天主教徒采用安全期避孕法
避孕。
con. tra. cep. tive /kantre`sptiv; kontre'septiv/ n a drug
object, or method used as a means of preventing an act of sex
from resulting in the woman becoming PREGNANT. Contracep-
tives are usually obtained from a doctor, except for the
CONDOM, which can be bought, e. g. at a CHEMIST's shop. 避孕
药物[用具、方法]〔除了避孕套可以在药店等地方购买外，避孕药
品一般都从医生处获得)：The percentage of married couples
using contraceptives is very high in this country. 这个国家已
婚夫妇采用避孕法的百分比很高。 — see also 另见 CAP`(6), 
CONDOM, IUD, PILL, SPERMICIDE; see Cultural Note at 参见
CONDOM 文化注释 - contraceptive adj [A]: contraceptive
advice/pills避孕指导[药丸]
*con-tract' /kantraekt; 'kontraekt/ n 1 a formal written agreement. 
having the force of law, between two or more people or groups
契约；合同：a building contract 建筑合同 | According to the
terms of your contract (of employment) you must give three
months' notice if you intend to leave, 根据你 （受雇）合同的条
款，你如果打算辞职，必须在三个月前通知雇主。|The company
has won a valuable contract for the construction of a dam. 公
司获得了一项修建水坝的非常有价值的合同。| Is the contrac
binding (on us)?这合同(对我们)有约束力吗? | [+to-v Our shop
has entered intolmade a contract with a clothing firm to buy
100 coats a week. 本店已与一家服装公司签定了合同，每周购
买100件外套。| If you don't deliver the goods by Friday we
will be breaking the contract/in breach of contract, 你如果
不在星期五之前交货，我们就是违约了。 — see also 另见 CON-
TRACT3(2), CONTRACTOR, CONTRACTUAL 2 a signed paper
on which the conditions of such an agreement are written合同
书；契约书； a draft contract 契约草案 | to draw up a contract
起草合同| to sign a contract签署合同 3 an agreement (spoken
rather than written) in the card game BRIDGE, to win a certain
number of TRICKs(桥牌的)定约墩数：a contract of four spades
四张黑桃的定约墩数 |They made the contract. 定约墩数是由
他们叫的。4 slang an agreement to kill a particular person. 
especially for money; used mainly by criminals【俚】〔尤其是
为了钱而达成的〕暗杀协议〔该词主要为罪犯使用)：There was a
contract out on him. 有人要暗杀他
contract2ν
contract in phr v [I(to)] especially BrE to agree or promise, 
especially officially, to take part【尤英】同意参与；订约加入
contract out phr v 1 especially BrE [I (of)] to agree or
promise, especially officially, not to take part【尤英】同意不加
入[不参与]；退出(··的)合同：to contract out of a pension
scheme 退出退休金计划的合约 2 [T] (contract sthg. ← out)‖
also 又作 farm sthg. ← out AmE【美】(of a company, organi-
zation etc) to arrange by formal agreement to have (a job, ser-
vices etc) done by another company〔公司、组织等〕订合同把
〔工作等〕承包出去：Many councils are contracting out ser
vices such as garbage collection to private companies as a
way of cutting costs. 许多市政会把垃圾收集这样的服务项目包
给私人公司以减少费用
con. tract3 /ken`traekt; ken'traekt/ v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) be. 
come smaller, narrower, or shorter(使)缩小；（使）收缩：（使）缩
短：Metal contracts as it becomes cool. 金属冷却时收缩。| In
conversational English 'is not' often contracts to ‘isn't'. 在
英语口语中，is not 常缩写为 isn't。 — see also 另见 CONTRAC
TION 2 [I; T] to arrange by formal agreement 订契约，立合同；
缔结；立约规定：to contract an alliance 结盟 | [+to-v] The
firm contracted to build the new railway within the year. 这
家公司签订合同在年内建成新铁路线。|Our shop contracted
with a local clothing firm for 100 coats a week, 我们店与本地
服装公司订了合同，每周购买100件外套。3 [T] fml to get or
begin to have (something bad, especially an illness)【正式】感
染〔疾病〕；染上〔恶习〕；招致〔恶果〕：My son's contracted
pneumonia. 我儿子得了肺炎。| to contract a debtla bad habit
欠债；染上恶习
contract bridge /，·'/ n [U] a form of the card game BRIDGE
in which the partnership playing the HAND'(4b) make a CON
TRACT1(3)(=say how many TRICKS1(5) they will try to win)
and any additional tricks are recorded separately _定约桥牌〔桥
牌的一种打法，即打牌的人叫定约墩数，额外的墩数另作记录〕-
compare 比较AUCTION BRIDGE
con·trac·tile /ken`traektl; ken'traektail/ also 又作 con·trac·ti·ble
/ken`traektebl; ken'traektabal/ - adi tech (especially of a
muscle) that can become smaller【术语】〔尤指肌肉)会收缩的，
有收缩性的：The heart is a highly contractile organ. 心脏是收
缩性很强的器官。
con·trac·tion /ken`traekfen; ken'traekfan/ n 1 [U] the process
of contracting 收缩；缩小；缩短：the contraction of metal as it
cools 金属冷却时的收缩 2 [C (of)] a shortened form of a word
or words 〔词的)缩略形式：'Haven't' is a contraction of 'have
not'. “haven't”是“have not”的缩略形式。3 [C] tech a very
strong and often painful tightening of a muscle, especially of
the muscles around the WOMB during the process of birth【术
语】〔尤指分娩时子宫的〕收缩，挛缩：Come into the hospital when
there is a five minute space betweer (your) contractions. (你
0373
的)子宫收缩间隔为5分钟时就来医院。
con·trac·tion·a·ry /ken`traekfeneri; ken'traekfaneri/ adj show. 
ing or causing contraction, and especially causing a reduction
i business activitv_紧缩的; (尤指引起商业活动)减少的; the
contractionary influences of the Chancellor's policy 总理政
策所产生的紧缩影响 — opposite 反义词 expansionary
con. trac. tor/kantraekte; ken'traekte/ n a person or company
that contracts to do work or provide supplies in large amounts
especially to provide building materials or workers for build-
ing jobs 立约人；承包者，承包商
con·trac·tu. al /ken`traektfuel; ken'traektfuel/ adj of or agreed
in a contract 合同[契约]的；合同[契约]规定的，依据合同[契
约]的； a contractual duty to give three months' notice of your
intention to leave合同中规定的在打算离开前3个月要预先通
知的义务| contractual obligations 合同规定的义务 — ~ly adv. 
contractually binding 受合同约束的
con-tra-dict/ kantre`dikt; kontre'dikt/ v 1 [I; T] to say that (a
person, opinion, something written or spoken etc) is wrong or
untruthful 反驳；抗辩；否认：If you contradict me once more. 
you're fired. 你再顶撞我一次, 我就解雇你! | Don't contradict
your father! 别顶撞你父亲！ 2 [T] (of a statement, action, fact
etc) to be opposite in nature or character to (another one); dis-
agree with〔说法、行为、事实等〕与··抵触，与·发生矛盾：Their
alibis contradict each other. (sif one is true. the other must
be false)关于他们不在犯罪现场的辩词相互矛盾
con·tra-dic·tion /，kantre`dikfen; , kontre'dikfan/n 1 [C]a
statement, action, or fact that contradicts another or itself(自
相)矛盾的说法；抵触的行动：It is a contradiction to say you
support the government but would not vote for it in an election. 
你说你支持政府，但又在选举中不投它的票，这是自相矛盾的。|
The prosecution quickly pointed out the contradictions in the
defendant's testimony. 起诉人很快就指出了被告证词中自相矛
盾的地方。|‘Married bachelor’is a contradiction in terms
(=an impossible combination of meanings)“结婚的单身汉”是
用词上的自相矛盾。2 [C; U(between)] direct opposition be
tween things compared; disagreement 抵触，矛盾：Your
behaviour is in (direct) contradiction to your principles. 你
的行为与你的原则互相矛盾。| There's no contradiction between
the Prime Minister's views and my own. 首相的观点和我的没有
抵触。3[U] the act of contradicting or being contradicted （被）反
驳；（被）否认：I think I can say, without fear of contradiction. 
that this is of vital importance for all of us. 我想我可以说句不
怕被人反驳的话，那就是，这件事对我们大家是至关重要的
con-tra. dic. to. ry /，kantre`dikteri; kontre'diktari/ adj[(to)]
contradicting; not in agreement 矛盾的：抵触的：contradictory
reports/desires/advice 相矛盾的报告[愿望；劝告] — see also
另见 SELF-CONTRADICTORY
con. tra. dis. tinc. tion /kantredi`stinkfen; kontredi'stinkfan/
n in contradistinction to fml as opposed to; rather than; in
CONTRAST to【正式】与·相区别，与··相对比：plants in contra·
distinction to animals 有别于动物的植物
con-tra-flow /kantreflo; 'kontrefleu/ n especially BrE an ar
rangement on a large road by which traffic going in both di-
rections uses only one side of the road, e. g. because the other
side is being repaired【尤英】〔由于公路另一侧修路而实行的〕-
侧双向行驶：A temporary contraflow is in force on the motorway. 
高速公路的一侧临时实行双向行驶。
con-trail /^`kantrel; 'kontreil/ also又作 vapour trail - n tech a
line of white steam made in the sky by planes flying at a great
height【术语】〔飞机在高空飞行留下的〕凝结尾流，拉烟
con-tra·in. di. ca. tion /kantre, inde`kefen; , kontre, ind'kefan
n tech a physical sign or condition which makes it inadvisable
to take or continue taking a medicine【术语】〔不宜使用某种药
物的)禁忌征候：High blood pressure is a contraindication for
this drug. 高血压是此药物的禁忌征候，说明患者不应服此药。-
-cated /-`inde, ketid; -'indkeitd/adj
con·tral·to /ken`traelto; ken'traelteu/ n -tos ALTO'(2)女低音（歌
手)
con-trap-tion /ken`traepfen; ken'traepfan/n infml, usually derog
a strange-looking machine or piece of equipment【非正式，一
般贬】奇妙的机械装置；新发明的玩意儿：I don't understand how
this contraption works. 我不明白这怪玩意儿怎么开动。| That's
a curious contraption; what's it for? 那可是个奇妙的新玩意
儿，是干什么用的？
con-tra-pun. tal /kantre`pvntl; , kontre'pvntl/ adj of or using
musical COUNTERPOINT〔音乐〕对位（法）的；使用对位法的
~ly adv
con·tra·ri·wise /`kantreri, waiz; 'kontreriwaiz/ adv old-fash or
humor in the opposite way or direction; conversely （ CONVERSE)
【过时或幽】反之，相反地
contra. ry1/`kantreri; 'kontreri/ n 1 [the+S] fml the opposite
【正式】相反：相反事物；反面；对立面：They say he is guilty, but
I believe the contrary. 他们说他有罪，可我认为他无罪。2 on
the contrary(used for expressing strong opposition or dis-
agreement with what has just been said) not at all; no〔用来表
示强烈反对或不赞同别人刚说过的话〕正相反，恰恰相反：“I hear
you are enjoying your new job. \" “On the contrary, I find it
rather dull. ” “我听说你很喜欢你的新工作。” “恰恰相反, 我觉得
我的工作相当枯燥。”3 to the contrary to the opposite effect; 
differently 意思相反的[地]；完全不同的[地]：If you don't hear
(anything) to the contrary I'll meet you at seven o'clock
tonight. 你如果没有接到另外的通知，我们就今晚7点钟见。|You
may be right; there's no evidence to the contrary. 你也许是
对的，因为没有相反的证据证明你不对。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 on the contrary, on
the other hand, in contrast. Use on the contrary to show
complete disagreement with what has just been said. 用 on
the contrary 来表示完全不赞同别人刚刚说过的事：“Does
it rain a lot in the desert?” “On the contrary, it hardly ever
rains. \"(“沙漠里下雨多吗？” “恰恰相反，几乎从不下雨。”) Use
on the other hand when adding a new and different fact
to a statement. 用 on the other hand 来表示另一方面新的
和不同的事实：It rarely rains in the desert, but on the other
hand it rains a lot in the coastal areas. (沙漠里几乎不下
雨，可另一方面在沿海地区却雨量充沛。)Usin contrast to
show the (surprising) difference between two very dif-
ferent facts. 使用 in contrast 则表示两个很不相同的事实
之间 （惊人）的差异：It is hot in the desert in the day, but in
contrast it's very cold at night. (沙漠里白天很热，可形成
鲜明对比的是，夜间非常冷。
contrary2 adj 1 [(to)] completely different or wholly opposed
完全相反的，对抗的：contrary opinions/opinions contrary to
mine 相反的观点；与我意见相对立的观点 | Contrary to (=against)
all our advice, he gave up his job. 他不听我们大家的劝告，辞
去了工作。2 fml (of weather conditions) unfavourable; ADVERSE
【正式】〔天气〕不作美的，不合人意的：Our sailing boat was
delayed by contrary winds. 我们的帆船由于逆风而耽搁了。
con. trar. y3/ken`treri; ken'treari/ adj (of a person) tending to
go against the wishes of others; difficult to deal with or work
with; OBSTINATE 好与人作对的；乖戾的；别扭的，执拗的：Don't
be so contrary! 别那么固执！ - -ily adv - -iness n [U]
con-trast1/`kantraest; 'kontra:st/ n 1 [U (with, to)] the com
parison of objects or situations that are dissimilar, especially
to show differences 对比，对照：In contrast with/to your be-
lief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. 你
认为我们会失败，可与你的想法相反，我深信我们会成功。|The
coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the central
plains become extremely cold. 沿海地区冬天天气暖和，可相比
之下中部平原却异常寒冷。— see 参见 CONTRARY (USAGE)
2 [C; U(between)](a) difference between people or things
that are compared 差异，差别：Such a contrast between brother
and sister is surprising. 兄妹之间如此之大的差别是令人惊讶
的。| This artist uses contrast (=between light and dark, or
different colours)skilfully. 这位艺术家运用颜色反差的技巧很
高明。| The contrast between this year's high profits and
last year's big losses is really quite striking. 今年的高利润与
去年的大亏损之间的差异真是太显著了。3 [C(to, for)] some-
thing noticeably different from something else对照物，明显的
对比物：The black furnishings provide an interesting contrast
to the white walls. 黑色家具与白色墙壁形成很有意思的对比。
4 [the+U] the degree of difference between the light and dark
parts of a photograph or of a television picture〔照片或电视图
像的)对比度：Can you adjust the contrast please?请你调整
下对比度好吗？
con·trast2/ken`traest; ken'tra:st/ v [(with)]1 [T] to compare
(two things or people) so that differences are made clear使成
对照，使成对比：In her speech she contrasted the government's
optimistic promises with its dismal achievements. 她在讲话
中把政府乐观的许诺与其令人沮丧的政绩作了对比。2] to show
a difference when compared 形成对照；对比之下显出区别：His
behaviour contrasts unfavourably with his principles. 他的
行为与他的原则相对照，很不相称。| sharply contrasting atti-
tudes形成鲜明对照的态度
con-tra·vene /，kantre`vin; , kontre'vi:n/ v[T] fml to act in op-
position to; break (a law, rule, custom etc)【正式】与··相抵触
违背〔法律、规章、习俗等)：to contravene the parking regula-
tions 违反停放车辆的规定 - -vention /-`vanfen; -'venfan/ n
[C; U]: to act in contravention of the law 违法行事 | in di-
0374
rect contravention of my instructions 跟我的命令完全背道而
驰| repeated contraventions of the rules 一再违反规定
con·tre·temps /kantretan; 'kontreton/n-temps /-tanz; -tonz
Fr, often humor an unlucky and unexpected event, especially
a socially uncomfortable one【法，常幽】〔社交上的〕令人窘困的
意外事；意想不到的困难场面：There was a slight contretemps
when both his girlfriends arrived together. 他的两个女友同时
到来，真是有点使他发窘。
con·trib·ute /ken`tribjut; ken'tribju:t/ v1 [I; T (to, towards)]
to join with others in giving (money, help etc)捐献；捐助；贡献
出：出一份钱：出一份力：I contributed (a pound) towards Jane's
leaving present. 我凑了一点钱[一英镑]给简买告别礼物。2[I
(to)] to help in causing a situation, event, or condition 起促成
作用：Various factors contributed to his downfall. 多种因素导
致了他的垮台。| This advertising campaign has contributed
significantly to the success of the new car. 这场广告攻势为这
种新汽车打开销路起了相当大的作用。|She didn't contribute
anything to the discussion. 她对于这场讨论根本没起作用。3
[I; T(to)] to write and send (a written article) to a magazine. 
newspaper etc〔给杂志、报纸等〕撰稿，投稿：She regularly con
tributes to the college magazine. 她定期给校刊投稿
con-tri-bu. tion /kantre`bjufen; kontr'bju:fan/ n 1 [C; U(to
towards)] the act of contributing or something contributed捐
献（物）；捐助物；贡献；投稿；投送的稿件：Chekhov's contribu-
tion to Russian literature 契诃夫对俄国文学的贡献 | He has
made an important contribution to the company's success
他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。2[C] an amount of money
given to a cause, CHARITY etc〔对某种事业或慈善团体的〕捐款：
All contributions, however small, will be greatly appreciated. 
所有捐款，无论数目多么少，我们都深表感谢。3[C usually pl
一般用复数] a regular payment, especially to the state, to pay
for something such as a PENSION etc〔尤指上交给国家为支付养
老金等的)分摊额：Are you up-to-date with your National In-
surance contributions?你一直在交国民保险金吗？
con. trib·u·tor /ken`tribjete; ken'tribjte/n [(to)] a person who
contributes 捐款人；捐助者；投稿人；撰稿人：a regular contribu
tor to our magazine 我们杂志的定期撰稿人
con·trib·u·to. ry /ken`tribje. tori; ken'tribjtari/ adj1 [A] help. 
ing to bring about a result 起促成作用的：His heavy smoking
was a contributory cause of his early death. 他抽烟很厉害，
这是造成他早逝的一个原因。2(of a PENSION or insurance plan)
baid for by the workers as well as by the employer 〔退休金计
划、保险计划〕由雇主与雇员共同出钱的-opposite反义词non-
contributory
contributory neg. li. gence /，. . ·. /n [U] law failure to take
enough care to avoid or prevent an accident, leading to being
held partly responsible in law for any damage, loss etc caused
【律】共同过失：负有连带责任的过失：He drove the car with
worn tyres, so he was found guilty of contributory negligence
when it skidded across the road and injured two pedestrians. 
他驾驶的汽车使用报废轮胎，因此，当车在路上发生打滑造成两名
行人受伤时，他被认定犯有共同过失罪。
con-trite /`kantrait; 'kontrait/ adj old use or lit feeling or show-
ing guilt or sorrow for your actions【旧或文】悔罪的，悔悟的，
痛悔的：a contrite apology 深表痛悔的道歉 — ~ly adv - -trition
/ken`trifen; ken'trifen/n[U]
con·triv·ance /ken`traivens; ken'traivans/ n fml【正式】1 [C]
something contrived, especially a machine or apparatus明
物，新装置：a clever new contrivance for milking cows 挤牛奶
用的一种巧妙的新器械 2 [C usually pl. 一般用复数] a clever
often deceitful, plan; SCHEME 计谋；诡计 3 [U (of)] the act of
contriving or ability to invent 发明（才能）；设计（能力）
con·trive /ken`traiv; ken'traiv/ v [T] 1 to cause (something) to
happen in accordance with your plans or in spite of difficulty
筹划；设法做到：She somehow contrived a meeting with the
Queen. 她总算设法见到了女王。| [+to-v] After a lot of diffi-
culty I contrived to attract the President's attention. 经过许
多困难，我总算设法引起了总统的注意。2 to make or invent in
a clever way, especially because of a sudden need 〔尤指由于突
然的需要而〕造出；想出；发明；设计：She contrived a party dress
from an old piece of material. 她巧妙地用一块旧料子做了一
件宴会上穿的裙子。[ I'm sure you'll contrive some way of
dealing with the situation. 我确信你会想出办法应付这个局面
的。
con·trived /ken`traivd; ken'traivd/ adjunnatural and forced 不
自然的；勉强的：I quite liked the story, but I thought the end-
ing was rather contrived. 我很喜欢这故事，不过我认为结尾有
点儿不自然
*con. trol' /ken`trol; ken'treul/ v-ll- [T] 1 to have a directing
influence over; fix or limit the amount, degree, or rate of; REGU-
LATE 控制；管理；抑制：The pressure of steam in the engine is
controlled by this button. 这台蒸汽机的蒸汽压力是由这个按钮
控制的。| Try to control yourself/your temper! 要尽力克制你
自己[你的脾气]！| officially controlled prices 官方控制的物
价| computer-controlled production 电脑控制的生产 2 to have
power over; rule 统治；管辖；管制；管束：At that time the Ro
mans controlled a vast empire, 那时罗马人统治着一个很大的
帝国。| a bad teacher who couldn't control his class 一个管
束不了自己学生的蹩脚教师| state-controlled media 国家控制
的新闻媒介 | The government has a controlling stake in this
company. (=owns more than 50% of it)政府在这家公司拥有控
股权。3 tech to test (especially a scientific study) by compari-
son with a chosen standard【术语】〔用对照物〕检验；核实：a
controlled experiment 对照实验
*control2n 1 [U (of, over)] the power to command, influence
or direct 掌握；控制；支配；管理；抑制：Which party has control
of the Congress?哪个政党控制着国会？ | George took/gained
control of the business after his father died. 乔治在父亲去世
后接管了生意。| I lost control (of myself) and hit him. 我失去
自制力，揍了他。| You have no control over that dog. 你管不
住那条狗。| in full control of the situation 完全控制局势
The vice-President is now in control. (=in command or in
charge) 副总统现在掌管一切。| The government has been over
thrown and the country is now in/under the control of the
military. 政府被推翻了, 这个国家现在处于军方的控制之下。
The car went out of control and crashed. 汽车失去控制而撞
毁了。 — see also 另见 SELF-CONTROL 2 [C; U (of, over)](a
method or system used for) the fixing or limiting of the amount. 
degree, or rate of an activity; act of controlling 管制（措施） ：
The government has imposed strict controls on/over the im
port f luxury goods. . 政府对奢侈品的进口采取了严格的管制。
wage/price controls 工资 [物价]管理 | an arms control agree. 
ment between the superpowers 超级大国之间的军备控制协议| 
tough methods of crowd-control 控制人群的严厉措施 3 [C
also 又作 controls pl. - the place from which, or means by
which, a machine, system etc is controlled 控制室：控制[操纵]
装置：The co-pilot is at the controls/at the control panel. 飞
机副驾驶员在掌握操纵器[控制盘]。|the control tower of an
airport飞机场的指挥塔[起落指挥调度台]|passport con
rn
护照检查站 | the volume control of a radio/TV 收音机[电视
机]的音量调节器 — see also 另见 REMOTE CONTROL 4 [U+sing. 
pl. v] the people who are in control of an activity or operation
指挥人员；操纵人员；管理人员：ground control (=at an airport
〔飞机场的)地面控制人员| air-traffic control空中交通管制人
员| Mission control has/have lost contact with the space
shuttle. 指挥部与航天飞机失去了联系。5 [C] tech something
used as a standard against which the results of a (scientific)
study can be measured【术语】〔实验中的〕对照物：We used the
new fertilizer on 100 plants and compared their growth with
that of a control group of plants that had not been treated
我们给100种植物施用了这种新化肥，并且把它们的生长情况与
没有施化肥的对照组植物进行了比较。6[C] tech (in SPIRITUALISM)
the dead person who guides a MEDIUM【术语】〔招魂术中的〕支
配巫师的幽灵7 under control working properly, especially
after being in a dangerous or confused state; controlled in the
correct way〔尤指在某种危险或混乱以后〕得到控制，情况（恢复）
正常：It took the new teacher months to bring her class under
control. 新教师花了好几个月时间才把她班上的学生管服。| Don't
worry — everything is under control. 别担心，一切都正常了。
They soon brought/had the fire under control, 他们很快控制
住了火势。- — see also 另见 BIRTH CONTROL
control freak /·'/ n derog slang a person who cannot pre-
vent himself/herself from trying to control situations and other
people【贬，俚】支配欲极强的人
controlled school /·'·，·/ n a British VOLUNTARY school for
which the local education authority is financially responsible, 
and whose managers do not have control over religious
education〔英国的〕政府兼管的私立学校〔这种学校由当地的教育
局提供资金，校方管理人员对宗教教育没有管理权力〕 — compare 
比较 AIDED SCHOOL, VOLUNTARY SCHOOL
con. trol-ler /ken`trole; ken'treule/ n 1 a person who directs
something 控制者；管理者；指挥者：air-traffic controllers 空中
交通管制员 2 also 又作 comptroller fml【正式】- a govern-
ment official responsible for money matters 审计员；审计官
con·tro·ver·sial /kantre`v3fel; , kontre'v3:fal/ adj causing
much argument or disagreement 引起争论的，有争议的：a con
troversial speech/decision/Dolitician/book引起争议的演说| 决
定；政治家；书] — ~ly adv
con·tro·ver. sy /`kantre, v3si; 'kontrev3:si/ n [C; U (about. 
over)](a)fierce argument or disagreement about something. 
0375
especially one that is carried on in public over a long period争
论；辩论；争议：The lie detector tests have been the subject of
much controversy. 测谎试验一直是个颇有争议的题目。|recent
controversies surrounding his appointment to the Cabinet 最
近围绕他入选内阁的争论
con·tu·ma·cious /kantju`mefes; kontj'meifes/ adj fml un-
reasonably disobedient, especially to an order made by a court
【正式】拒不服从的；违抗法院命令的 — ~ly ady --macy /^`kan
tjumesi; 'kontimesi/n[U]
con·tu·me·li·ous/kantju`milies; kontj'mi:lies/ adj fml dis
respectfully rude and offensive【正式】傲慢无礼的，轻侮的
~ly adv
con·tume·ly/`kantiumeli: 'kontiu:mli/ n [C; U] fml (an ex
ample of)disrespectful and offensive behaviour or language
【正式】傲慢；轻侮；侮辱行为；无礼的言行
con·tuse/ken`tjuz; ken'tju:z/ v [T] med for【医】=BRUISE
con·tu·sion/ken`tju3en; ken'tju:3an/ n [C; U] med a BRUISE or
bruising【医】挫伤
co. nun. drum/ke`nvndrem; ke'nvndrem/ n 1 a trick questior
asked for fun; RIDDLE〔以双关妙语为答案的〕谜语 2 a confus
ing and difficult problem 难题；复杂问题
con·ur-ba. tion/ kana`befen; kon3:'beifan/ n a group of towns
that have spread and joined together to form an area of high
population often with a large city as its centre〔由中心大城市
及卫星城镇构成的〕集合城市，大都市圈
con·va. lesce/kanve`ls; , konve'les/ v [I] to spend time get-
ting well after an illness 病后疗养；康复：He was sent to a nurs
ing home in the country to convalesce. 他被送到乡村的一家疗
养院疗养。
con·va·les·cence /kanve`lasns; , konve'lesens/ n [S; U] the
length of time a person spends getting well after an illness〔病
后的)康复期，恢复期：a long(period of) convalescence 长时
间的恢复期
con·va. les. cent / kanve`lesnt; konve'lesent/ adj, n (for or
being)a person spending time getting well after an illness康
复期病人（的）：恢复[康复]期的：疗养的：She's still a convalescent. 
她还是个康复期的病人。| a convalescent nursing home 疗养
[康复]院
con·vec. tion/ken`vekfen; ken'vekfan/ n [U] the movement ir
a gas or liquid caused by warm gas or liquid rising and cold
ras or liquid sinking 〔气体、液体的)对流； a convection heater
对流加热器，对流供暖装置|Warm air rises by convection. 热
气因对流作用上升。
con·vec. tor/ken`vekte; ken'vekte/ n a heating apparatus ir
which air becomes hot by passing over hot surfaces and then
moves about an enclosed space, room etc by convection 对流
加热器，换流器
con·vene/ken`vin; ken'vi:n/ v fml【正式】1 [I] (of a group of
eople, a committee etc) to meet; come together, especially
for a formal meeting 聚集，集合；开会：The President's for-
eign policy advisers convened for an emergency session. 总
统的外交政策顾问召开紧急会议。2 [T] to call(a group of people
committee etc) to meet召集〔会议〕；召集〔组织成员等〕开会
He's convened (a meeting of) the council to discuss the cam-
paign. 他召集委员会（开会）讨论竞选事宜
con·ven·er, -or /ken`vine; ken'vi:ne'/ n especially BrE a mem
ber of a committee etc whose duty is to call meetings【尤英】会
议召集人
con·ve·ni·ence/ken`vinjens; ken'vi:niens/ n 1 [U] the quality
of being convenient; suitableness for a particular purpose. 
situation etc 方便，便利；合宜：We bought this house for its
convenience; it's very near the shops and there is a good
transport service. 我们买这房子是取其方便：它离商店很近，而
且交通也便利。| For the sake of convenience, the library books
ae separatec into different categories, 为了方便起见, 图书馆
的书都分为不同的类别。2 [C] an apparatus, service etc which
gives comfort or advantage to its user 便利设施；带来方便的装
置：This house has all the latest conveniences. 这所房子一切
最新的便利设施都应有尽有。3[U] fml personal comfort or
advantage【正式】〔个人的〕舒适，自在：便利，好处：He thinks
only of his own convenience. 他只考虑自己的方便。| Please
come at your (earliest) convenience. (=as soon as it is conve
nient for you)请您在方便时（尽早）前来。| The arrangement
suits his convenience very well. 这安排对他来说十分方便。
Theirs was a marriage of convenience. (=they married for
convenience, and not because they were in love)他们的婚姻是
基于财物利益。4 [C] BrE a PUBLIC CONVENIENCE【英】公厕-
see also 另见 FLAG OF CONVENIENCE; see参见 TOILET (USAGE)
convenience food/'·, / n [C; U] food which is easy to pre-
pare and can be used at any time, e. g. tinned or frozen food方
便食品<如罐头食品、速冻食品等>
convenience food store/'. ·. , / also 又作 convenience
store - n AmE for【美】= CORNER SHOP
*con·ve·ni·ent/ken`vinjent; ken'vi:nient/ adj1 [(for, to)] suited
to your needs or to the situation; not causing any difficulty方
便的，便利的；合宜的：Will three o'clock be convenient for you?
3点钟对你方便吗？ | I'm afraid this isn't a very convenient
moment to see you. 我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。| They met
in a mutually convenient place. (=suited to both their needs)
他们在一个对两人都方便的地方见了面。| For the government
the transport strike is politically convenient because it dis-
tracts people's attention from wider problems, 在政府看来. 
交通行业罢工正迎合了政治需要，因为这可以分散人民对更重大问
题的注意力。2[(for)] near; easy to reach 附近的；近便的：Ou
house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很
近。 — opposite 反义词inconvenient — ~ly adv: conveniently
situated in a quiet suburb 坐落在幽静而又方便的郊区
con·vent/`kanvent; 'konvent/ n a building or set of buildings
in which NUNs live 女修道院：She entered a convent (=began
to live there) at the age of 16. 她16岁就进了修道院。- com-
pare 比较 MONASTERY; see also 另见 CONVENT SCHOOL
con·ven·ti. cle /ken`ventikl; ken'ventikel/ n (in England in
former times)a building used for a secret meeting of NONCON
FORMISTS(=Christians in disagreement with the established
state religion)〔英国历史上的〕非国教教徒秘密集会场所
con·ven. tion/ken`vEnfen; ken'venfan/ n1 [C; U] (an example
of) generally accepted practice, especially with regard to so-
cial behaviour 惯例；常规；习俗：It is a matter of convention
that businessmen should wear suits. 商人应该穿西装，这是惯
例而已。| the conventions of the modern novel 现代小说的程
式|a long-standing convention 传统悠久的习俗 — see 参见
HABIT (USAGE) 2 [C] (a meeting of) a group of people gath-
ered together with a shared purpose〔常为政治性的〕大会，会议：
全体与会者：a teachers'convention 教师大会
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US, the political
parties hold national conventions every four years to de-
cide who will be that party's CANDIDATE for PRESIDENT
and VICE PRESIDENT. The conventions are held after the
PRIMARY elections, and the person with the most votes in
the primaries is usually the person chosen to run(=try to
get elected) for President. At the conventions the party
members also discuss what their policies(POLICY) will be
在美国，政治党派每四年举行一次全国代表大会，以决定谁将
是该党的正、副总统候选人。代表大会在初选后举行，初选中
得票数最多的人通常参加总统竞选。在代表大会上，党员也讨
论他们将持什么样的政策
3 [C] a formal agreement especially between countries on
something that is important to them all〔尤指国际间的)公约
协定：The countries all agreed to sign the convention. 这些国
家都同意签订公约。| the Geneva Convention 日内瓦公约 -
compare 比较 PACT, TREATY(1)
con·ven·tion. al/ken`vEnfenl; ken'venfanel/ adj 1 often derog
following accepted customs and standards, sometimes too
closely and without originality【常贬】按惯例[习俗]办事的；因
袭的，守旧的：传统的：I'm afraid I'm rather conventional in
my tastes. 我恐怕在个人爱好方面是相当守旧的。| After a few
conventional opening remarks, he made a brilliant speech
他在开场白中讲了几句老一套的话以后，随即做了一次非常精彩的
演讲。| More and more people are turning away from con-
ventional Western medicine to alternative methods of
treatment. 越来越多的人不再求助于传统的西方医术而转向非传
统的治疗方法。|conventional clothes/opinions 旧式服装；守
旧观点 — opposite 反义词 unconventional 2 (of a weapon
etc) not NUCLEAR〔武器等〕常规的，非核子的：conventional
weapons/warfare 常规武器[战争] — ~ly adv — ~ity /ken. 
vnfen`aeleti; ken, venfe'naelti/n [C; U]
conventional ov. en/. '. . /n an ordinary OVEN, not a MICRO
WAVE 普通烘箱，普通烤炉〔非微波炉)：This will take 3 minutes
in a microwave or 25 minutes in a conventional oven. 这在微
波炉里做熟要用3分钟，如果是普通烤箱则需要25分钟
convent school/'. / n a school, especially one for girls, that
is run by Catholic NUNS and often has severe rules of behaviour
that must be obeyed 〔由天主教会的修女管理，通常有严格的行为
规范必须遵守的女隐修会学校
con·verge /ken`v3d3; ken'v3:d3/ v [I (on)](of two or more
things) to come together towards the same point (两个以上东
西的)会聚，集中：The roads converge just before the station. 
几条公路在车站前面汇合了。| The two armies converged on
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the enemy capital. 那两支部队在敌人的首都会师了。| Our in-
terests appear to converge at this point. 我们的利益在这点上
似乎是一致的。 — compare 比较 DIVERGE - -vergence n[C
U] - -vergent adj: convergent lines 相交线
con·ver·sant /ken`va·snt; ken'v3:sent/ adj 1 [F+with] fml
familiar; having knowledge of【正式】熟悉的；精通的：Before
you start to play the game you should make sure you're con
versant with the rules, 你在开始玩这种游戏之前一定要做到熟
悉规则。| Are you conversant with the facts of the case?你熟
悉这案子的情况吗？2 [(in)]AmE able to hold a conversation
【美】能用··交谈的：He's conversant in French but not really
fluent. 他能用法语交谈，但不是十分流利。| a conversant speaker
of Russian 一位能用俄语交谈的人
con·ver·sa·tion /kanve`sefen; konve'seifan/ n [C; U](an
nformal talk in which people exchange news, feelings, and
thoughts 〔非正式的)谈话，交谈，会话：a telephone conversation
电话交谈| to have/hold a conversation 进行交谈| It's im-
possible to carry on a conversation with all this noise in the
backgrounc. 在这样喧闹的环境中谈话是不可能的。|This is a
private conversation; don't interrunt!这是私人谈话, 别打搅!|
In today's programme, three well-known artists are in con-
versation with (=talking to) the President of the Academy. 在
今天的节目中，有三位知名的艺术家要和艺术学院院长谈话。
con·ver·sa·tion. al /kanve`sefenl; konve'seifanel/ adj (of a
word, phrase, or style) commonly used in conversation〔词、用
语、文体等〕会话（体）的，谈话式的，口语的：Business letters are
not usually written in conversational style. 写商业信件通常不
用口语体。| classes in conversational French 法语会话课 -
~ly adv
con·ver·sa·tion·al·ist /kanve`sefenlist; konve'seifanelst/n
a person whose conversation is clever and interesting 健谈者
善于谈话的人
conversation piece /···/n something. e. g. an interesting
object, that provides a subject for conversation. It is often said
in a joking way of objects which seem very strange or ugly. 可
作话题的东西，谈话题材〔通常开玩笑地指看上去非常奇怪或丑陋
的东西〕
con·ver·sa. zi·o. ne /kanve satsi`oni; konvesaetsi'euni/ n -ones
or -oni /-`oni; -'euni/ It, fml a meeting for conversation about
art, literature, science etc【意，正式】〔有关艺术、文学、科学等的
社交性〕专题座谈会
con·verse'/ken`v3s; ken'v3:s/ v [I (on, about, with)] fml to
talk informally; have a conversation【正式】谈话，交谈：It's dif-
ficult to converse rationally with people who hold extremis
views. 同持有过激观点的人是难以交谈的，
con-verse2/ken`v3s; 'konv3:s/ adj [A] fml (of opinions, beliefs
or statements) opposite; CONTRARY2【正式】〔观点、信仰、陈述
等)相反的：I hold the converse opinion. 我持相反的意见
con·verse3/kanv3s; 'konv3:s/ n 1 [the (of)] a fact, word, state
ment etc, that is the opposite of another 相反的事物；反面的事
实[言辞、陈述等]：'Buyer'is the converse of 'seller'. buyer是
seller 的相反词。2 [the (of)] tech (in LOGIC) a statement made
by changing the order of some of the words in another statement
【术语】〔逻辑上的〕逆命题；反题；反面说法：‘It's windy but not
wet'is the converse of 'It's wet but not windy'. It's windy but
not wet 是 It's wet but not windy 的反面说法。3 [U] old use
for【旧】=CONVERSATION
con·verse. ly /ken`v3-sli; ken'v3:sli/ adv on the other hand; tak-
ing the opposite point of view 另一方面；从另一方面来看：This
newspaper story could damage their reputation; conversely
it will give them a lot of free publicity. 报纸上的这篇报道有可
能损害他们的名誉，不过从另一方面来看，它将为他们做大量的免
费宣传
con·ver·sion /ken`v3fen; ken'v3:fan/ n 1 [C; U (of, from, into
to)] the act or process of converting; a change from one purpose
system etc to another 转变；转化；转换； 换算：the conversion of
kilometres into miles/steam into power 公里换算为英里；蒸汽
转化为动力|conversion from coal to gas heating 烧煤供热改
为烧煤气供热 | a company that does house conversions
(=changing large houses into several smaller units)从事房屋
改建的公司 2 [C(from, to)] a change in which a person ac-
cepts a new religion, belief etc completely 宗教[信仰等]的改
变：归附：皈依：her conversion to Islam/Christianity 她的改信
伊斯兰教| 基督教] | His sudden conversion to the anti-nuclear
movement may make the voters suspicious. 他突然转到反核
运动一方，可能会使选民生疑。| to undergo a conversion 经历
信仰[宗教]的转变 | a deathbed conversion (=one made just
before death)临终时的皈依 3 [C; U] tech (in RUGBY and Ameri-
can football) the act of kicking the ball over the bar of the
GOAL to gain additional points after a TRY2(2) or TOUCHDOWN
(3)【术语】〔橄榄球和美式橄榄球中，在对方球门线后带球触地得四
分或越过对方底线触地得分后，将球踢过球门的横木而)附加得分
con·vert1/ken`v3t; ken'v3:t/v1 [I; T (to, into)] to (cause to
change into another form, substance, or state, or from one
purpose, system etc to another （使）转变；（使）转化；（使）转换
Coal can be converted to gas. 煤可以转化为煤气。| This sofa
converts into a bed. 这沙发可以变为床。| to convert pounds
into dollars 把英镑兑换成美元 | They live in a converted barn, 
(=a BARN changed into a house)他们住在谷仓改建成的房屋。
2 [I; T(from, to)] to (persuade to) accept a particular religion. 
belief etc(使)改变信仰；（使）皈依：He was converted to Chris
tianity after visiting Jerusalem, 他到过耶路撒冷之后皈依了基
督教。| Anne has converted to Catholicism. 安妮已转而信仰
天主教。| (fig. 喻) My daughter has finally converted me to
pop music. (=persuaded me to like it)我女儿最终使我转而喜
欢流行音乐。3 [T] tech (in RUGBY and American football) to
complete (a TRY2(2) or TOUCHDOWN) by kicking the ball over
the bar of the GOAL【术语】〔橄榄球和美式橄榄球中把球踢过球
门的横木后〕附加得分：You score two points for converting a
try. 触地得分后可踢定位球再得两分。 — see also另见 CONVER-
SION
con·vert2 /`kanv3t; 'konv3:t/ n [(to)] a person who has been
persuaded to accept a particular religion, political belief etc
依宗教者；改变信仰者：a convert to Christianity 改信基督教的
人 | She's a recent convert to the idea of a European defence
policy. 她最近转变为欧洲防御政策的信奉者
con·vert·er /ken`v3·ta·; ken'v3:te/ n tech【术语】1 a machine
that converts things, especially a FURNACE in which steel is
made by blowing air through melted iron〔炼钢的〕（吹风）转炉
2 also 又作 convertor - an apparatus that changes the form
or direction of something, especially one that changes the form
in which information is written so that it can be accepted by a
computer〔用于电脑的〕转换器
con·ver·ti·ble'/ken`v3·tebl; ken'v3:tabal/ adj1 [(into)] that can
be converted 可转换的，可改变的：This bed is easily conver
tible into a sofa. 这张床可以很容易地改成沙发用。2 (of a car)
having a roof that can be folded back〔汽车)有折篷的 3 [(into)]
a (of some financial arrangements) that can be changed into
something else 〔有些金融协议)可转换的：a convertible life in-
surance policy 一份可转换人寿保险单| convertible bonds
(=which can be exchanged for SHAREs1(2)可转换债券 b (of a
type of money) that can be freely exchanged for other types of
money 〔货币〕可兑换的：The dollar is a convertible currency
but the rouble is not. 美元是可以兑换的通货，而卢布则不是
-bility /ken, v3te`bileti; ken, v3:t'bilti/n [U]
convertible2n especially AmE a car with a roof that can be
folded back【尤美】折篷汽车 — see also另见 CABRIOLET
con·vex /kan`veks; , kon'veks/ adj curved outwards, like the
surface of the eye 凸出的；凸面的； a convex mirror/lens 凸镜：
凸透镜 — opposite 反义词 concave — ~ly adv — ~ity /ken-
`vEkseti; ken'veksti/n [C; U]
con·vey /ken`ve; ken'vei/ v [T] 1 [(from, to)] rather fml to
take or carry from one place to another【比较正式】传送；运送
输送：Your luggage will be conveyed by helicopter from the
airport to your hotel. 你的行李将用直升飞机由机场运到旅馆，
2 [(to)] to make (feelings, ideas, thoughts etc) known 传达；表
达〔感情、意见，思想等)：Our government's anger was con-
veyed to their ambassador. 本政府的愤慨已向他们的大使作了
传达。| His music conveys a sense of optimism. 他的音乐表达
了一种乐观主义情绪。| He tried to convey how he felt. 他试图
表达他的感受。3 [(to)] law to give the rights to (land or
property) to someone【律】把〔土地或财产〕让与；转让
con·vey. ance /ken`veens; ken'verens/ n 1 [U] the act of con-
veying 传送；运送；表达：the conveyance of goods by road 货
物通过公路运输2[Cl fml a vehicle【正式】运输工具：交通工具：
a public conveyance 公共交通工具 3 [C] law an official paper
that CONVEYs (3) the right to land or property【律】产权转让证
书
con. vey. anc·ing /ken`veensin; ken'veiensin/ n [U] the act or
process of dealing with all the documents necessary for pass-
ing the ownership of property from one person to another 有关
财产或其他权益让与的法律手续：When I sold my last house, I
was so fed up with lawyers that I did all my own conveyancing
出售最后一所房屋时，我已受够了那些律师，所以有关财产转让的
法律手续都是我自己来办的
con. vey. er, -or /ken`vea; ken'veie/ n 1 someone or something
that conveys 运送者；传达者；让与者；运输装置：the conveyer
of good news 好消息的传送者 2 a CONVEYER BELT 传送带
conveyer belt /·'· /n an endless moving belt that carries ob-
jects from one place to another, e. g. in a factory so that some
0377
one can do the same operation on many different objects 输送
带，传送带：He took his suitcase off the conveyer belt at the
airport. 他从机场的传送带上取走自己的手提衣箱。|(fig. , derog
喻，贬) the conveyer belt mentality of most modern artists 大
多数现代艺术家那种表达思想的心态 — see also 另见 CAROU-
SEL
con·vict'/ken`vikt; ken'vikt/ v [T (of) usually pass. 一般用于
被动语态] to prove or declare that (someone) is guilty of a crime
after a trial in a court 证明[宣判] 〔某人〕有罪：They were con
victed of murder. 他们被判犯有谋杀罪。| a convicted rapist
个已被判刑的强奸犯-opposite 反义词 acquit
con. vict2 /'kanvikt; 'konvikt/ n a person who has been found
guilty of a crime and sent to prison, especially for a long time
If a man is said to look like a convict, it usually means that his
hair is cut extremely short. 已决犯；囚犯〔尤指长期被监禁者
如果说一个人看上去像囚犯，一般是指他的头发剪得极短)：an es
caped convict 越狱的囚犯
con. vic. tion /ken`vikfen; ken'vikfan/ n [C; U]1 the act of con-
victing or being convicted of a crime 定罪；宣判有罪：This was
her third conviction for stealing. 这是她第三次被判犯了盗窃
罪。| His conviction caused rioting in the streets. 他被判有
罪，引起了街头骚乱。| They had no previous convictions. 他
们没有前科。 — opposite 反义词 acquittal 2 (a) very firm and
sincere belief 坚信，深信；坚定的信仰：She's a woman of strong
convictions. 她是一位信念坚定的妇女。| He said he wasnt
frightened, but his voice lacked conviction/didn't carry
conviction, (=he didn't sound as if he believed what he was
saying)他说他不怕，但他的声音听起来并不那么坚定。| a con-
viction politician (=whose beliefs tend not to change)信念坚
定的政治家 | [+that] She had a firm conviction that she was
always right. 她坚信自己总是正确的，
con. vince /ken`yins: ken'yins/ y [T (of)] to make (someone
completely certain about something; persuade 使确信：使信服
We finally convinced them of our innocence. 我们终于使他们
相信我们是清白的。| [+obj+(that)] They failed to convince
te directors that their proposals would work, 他们未能使董
事们相信他们的建议是切实可行的。| I'm convinced that she
is telling the truth. 我确信她讲的是事实。| a convinced Chris-
tian(=sure of his/her faith)信仰坚定的基督徒
con. vinc. ing /ken`vinsin; ken'vinsin/ adj 1 able to convince
令人信服的：a convincing speaker/speech 令人信服的演说家
[演讲] — opposite 反义词 unconvincing 2 certain; clear 肯定
的；确定无疑的：a convincing victory (=a win by a large num-
ber of points)比分悬殊的胜利 | They won by a convincing
margin. 他们以悬殊的比分获胜。 — ~ly advw
con·viv·i·al/ken`viyiel: ken'viviel/ adj pleasantly merry and
friendly 欢乐的；友好的：convivial companions 欢乐的伙伴
a very convivial atmosphere 热烈欢乐的气氛 — ~ly adv
ity /ken, vivi`aeleti; ken, vivi'aelti/n[U]
con·vo·ca·tion /kanve`kefen; , konve'keifan/ n 1 [U] the act
of calling people together for a meeting 召集会议 2 [C+sing. /
pl. v] an organization of church officials, or of members of
certain universities, that holds formal meetings〔教会的)主教
会议：〔某些大学的〕校务评议会3 the name for GRADUATION
(1) at some American universities〔美国有些大学的〕毕业典礼
con·voke /ken`vok; ken'veuk/ v [T] fml to call together for a
meeting【正式】召开〔会议)：to convoke Parliament 召开议会
con·vo·lut·ed /kanve lutrd: 'kpnvelu:td/ adj1 fml twisted:
curved【正式】旋绕的，弯曲的：sheep with convoluted horns 有
弯角的绵羊2 difficult to understand; COMPLICATED, especially
without good reason 不易理解的，费解的：convoluted argu
ments 错综复杂的争论 — ~ly adv
con·vo·lu·tion /kanve`lufen; konve'lu:fan/ n [usually pl. -
般用复数] fml a fold, twist, or the act of folding or twisting【正
式】卷曲，盘绕：a snake's convolutions 蛇的盘绕 |(fig. 喻) to
follow the convolutions of her argumentlof the story 顺着她
错综复杂的论点[故事]
con·vol·vu·lus /ken`valvieles; ken'vplvi3les/n [C; U] a climb
ing plant, such as the MORNING GLORY 旋花植物<如牵牛花>
con. voy'/kanvor: 'konvoi/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] 1 a group of ships
or yehicles travelling together, especially for protection 船队：
车队：Convoys of lorries took food to the disaster area. 货车
队载着食品开往灾区。| Cars should cross the desertin con-
voy in case there is a breakdown. 汽车通过沙漠应结队而行，
以防途中某辆车抛锚。2 a protecting force of armed ships. 
vehicles, soldiers etc; ESCORT 护航舰队；护送 （车） 队：The weap-
ons were sentunder convoy because of the danger of enemy
attack. 武器在护送之下运走，因为有遭敌人攻击的危险。|a
naval convoy 海军护航队
convoy2y [T] (of an armed ship, vehicle, soldiers etc) to go
with and protect (a group of ships, vehicles etc)护航；护送
con·vulse /ken`vals; ken'vvls/ v [T (with)] to shake violently. 
in or as if in convulsions 使剧烈震动；使痉挛：We were con
vulsed with laughter. 我们笑得前仰后合。
con·vul·sion /ken`valfen; ken'valfen/ n [usually pl. 一般用复
数]a number of sudden violent uncontrollable shaking move-
ments caused especially by illness 惊厥；抽搐：He couldn't drive
because he sometimes had convulsions, 他因为有时会犯惊厥、
所以不能开车。| (fig. 喻) We were all in convulsions of laughter. 
我们大家都笑得前仰后合，
con·vul-sive /ken`valsiv; ken'vvlsiv/ adj being, having, or pro-
ducing a convulsion 惊厥的，抽搐的；产生惊厥[抽搐]的：a con
vulsive movement of the muscles 肌肉的抽动 - — ~ly adv
co·ny, coney /`koni; 'keuni/n 1 [C] AmE nonstandard a rabbit
【美，不规范】家兔2[U] rabbit fur as used in making fur coats
(做毛皮大衣的〕兔毛皮
coo /ku; ku:/ y [I] 1 to make (a sound like) the low soft cry of a
DOVE or PIGEON 〔鸽子等)咕咕地叫 2 to make soft loving noises
柔情地低声细语：They all cooed over the new baby. 他们对着
新生婴儿爱抚地轻声细语。 — see also 另见 bill and coo(BILL4)
- coo n
Coo-gan /kugen; 'ku:gen/, Steve /stiv; sti:v/ (1965-)a Brit. 
ish COMEDIAN who appears on television acting as the diffe-
rent characters that he has invented. The most famous of these
is Alan Partridge, a television PRESENTER who has his own
CHAT SHOW, and who talks in a way that makes other people
embarrassed or annoyed, but does not realize he is doing this. 
库根((1965-)，英国喜剧演员，以自己创造的不同形象出现于电
视上，其中最著名的是拥有自己谈话节目的电视主持人艾伦·帕特
里奇，他的谈话方式令人尴尬或生气，但他却意识不到〕
*cook1/kuk; kuk/v 1 [I; T] to prepare (food) for eating by using
heat; make (a dish)烹调；烧，煮：There are various ways of
cooking rice. 做米饭有多种方法。| Do you want your yeg. 
etables cooked or raw?你要把蔬菜烧煮后吃还是生吃？|
learnt how to cook at school. 我在学校学会烹调。| [+obj(i
+obj(d)] She cooked us a marvellous dinner. 她为我们做了
顿非常出色的饭菜。2 [I](of food) to be prepared in this way
(食物)被烧煮：Make sure the meat cooks for at least an hour. 
要让肉至少煮上一个小时。3 [T] infml to change (facts, num
bers etc)dishonestly for your own advantage; FALSIFY【非正
式】窜改：捏造：She was sacked for cooking the books
(=stealing money by making changes in the accounts)她因做
假账而被解雇。 — compare 比较 CREATIVE ACCOUNTING 4cook
someone's goose to get someone into serious trouble 使某人
陷入极大的麻烦：I could mention where he really was at the
weekend to his wife -- that'd cook his goose! 我可以跟他妻子
说他周末其实是在哪里——那他可就完了
USAGE 用法说明 A modern gas or electric cooker
(stove AmE【美】) usually has three parts: the oven, the grill
(broiler AmE【美】)， and the burners or hotplates on top
现代煤气灶或电灶通常有三个部分：oven(烤箱)，grill(烤架，
美语作 broiler)和 burners 或 hotplates(顶部的灶头灶眼)。
The oven is used for baking bread and cakes, or roasting
a large piece of meat. 烤箱用于烘面包和烤糕饼或烤大块的
肉。The grill is an apparatus for cooking by direct heat
and can be used, e. g. for grilling (broiling AmE【美】) meat
or toasting bread (making it hard and brown). 烤架 (grill)
是一种通过直接加热进行烹调的装置，可用来烤(grilling, 美
语 broiling)肉或烤(toasting)面包。The gas burners or
electric hotplates can be used for boiling food in a pot
with water, for stewing food (=cooking food slowly in lig-
uid to make a stew) or for frying (=cooking food in hot fat
or oil). 而 gas burners(煤气灶头)或 electric hotplates
(电灶头)可用于放锅煮(boiling)、炖(stewing)食物或油炸
[煎] (frying)食物。Simmering is very gentle slow boiling
以微火慢慢地煮叫做 simmering （煨）。Steaming is cook-
ing food in water but in an inner container so that the wa
ter does not directly touch the food. 锅内放一食物容器，水
不直接接触食物的做法叫做 steaming （蒸）。Braising, used
usually of meat, means cooking slowly in a covered pot
with a little fat and water. braising （炖）通常指炖肉，即锅
内放少量的油和水，盖上锅盖，用微火煮
cook sthg. up phr v [T] infml to invent falsely; CONCOCT
【非正式】捏造；编造：They cooked up some excuse about ar
accident, but no-one believed them. 他们编造一些借口，说出
了意外事故，但没有人相信他们
*cook2n 1 a person who prepares and cooks food 厨师，炊事员
John's a cook in a hotel. 约翰在饭店当厨师。| My mother is a
0378
really good cook. 我母亲是位真正的好厨师。 — compare 比较
CHEF 2 too many cooks spoil the broth saying if too many
people are trying to do the same job at the same time, they will
not do it successfully【谚】厨师多了烧坏汤〔如果太多的人想同
时做一件事就会把事情弄砸) — see also 另见 CHIEF COOK AND
BOTTLE-WASHER
Cook, Captain(1728-1779) a British sailor and EXPLORER who
sailed to Australia and New Zealand, and claimed the eastern
coast of australia for britain. He also discovered several is-
lands in the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii, where he was
killed. 库克〔(1728-1779)，英国航海家和探险家，曾航行到澳大
利亚和新西兰，并声称澳大利亚东海岸为英国所有。他还发现了太
平洋中的数个岛屿，包括夏威夷，他在那里遭到杀害〕
Cook. Peter (1937-1995) a British COMEDIAN, who had a great
influence on British COMEDY and who is known especially for
making humorous television programmes with Dudley MOORE
with whom he first appeared in BEYOND THE FRINGE when they
were both at university. He also owned the humorous maga-
zine PRIVATE EYE. 库克((1937-1995)，英国喜剧演员，曾对英
国喜剧有过重大影响，尤以与达德利·穆尔合演的电视喜剧闻名，
他们俩在大学时期就一起演出舞台剧《边区之外》。他还拥有幽默
杂志《隐蔽的眼睛》〕
Cook, Robin (1946- )a British politician in the Labour Party
who became Foreign Secretary(=the minister in charge of the
UK's relations with other countries) when the Labour Party
won the election in 1997 库克〔(1946-)，英国工党政治家，1997
年工党赢得大选后出任外交大臣〕
cook-book /`kukbuk; 'kukbuk/n especially AmE a book on
how to prepare and cook food; COOKERY BOOK【尤美】烹饪书；
食谱
cook-chill/'/v [T] BrE to preserve (food) by cooking it and
then keeping it at a low temperature until it is needed, when it
is reheated. This process is used in hospitals and also for READY
MEALS stored in shops, and there has been some concern that
food produced in this way may not be safe to eat when heating
instructions are not followed very carefully. 【英】将〔食物〕烧
熟后冷藏〔这种保存方法被用于医院以及加工商店里的熟食。有人
担心如果不仔细按照说明加热，食用以这种方法加工而成的食品可
能不安全
Cooke /kuk; kuk/, Al·i·stair /aelistee; 'aelstee/ (1908-)a
British broadcaster who has lived in the US for many years. 
He is known in the UK for his radio programme Letter from
America, in which he describes American life and politics, and
he is known in the US for Masterpiece Theater, where he talks
about a play before it is shown on television. 库克〔 (1908- )，
旅居美国多年的英国播音员。在英国，他以描述美国生活和政治的
电视节目《美国通讯》闻名。在美国，他以在电视播出前介绍戏剧
的《舞台精粹》闻名〕
cooked break-fast /'·/ n (in Britain) a breakfast consisting
of cooked food, usually including eggs, often together with
BACON, SAUSAGES, or TOMATOes. It is usually followed by
TOAST and tea or coffee. 〔英国的〕煮制早餐〔通常包括鸡蛋加熏
肉、香肠或番茄的早餐，之后一般还吃烤面包、茶或咖啡〕
cook·er /`kuke·; 'kuke/ n 1 especially BrE【尤英】‖ stove es-
pecially AmE【尤美】- an apparatus on which food is cooked
厨灶：炉具 — see 参见 COOK (USAGE) 2 BrE a fruit, espe
cially an apple, suitable for cooking【英】宜于煮食的水果〔尤
指苹果〕
cook·e·ry /`kukeri; 'kukeri/ especially BrE【尤英】‖ usually
般用 cooking AmE【美】— n [U] the art or skill of cooking 烹
调法，烹饪术：cookery lessons 烹饪课 | He's an expert on In-
dian cookery. 他是印度菜的烹饪能手
cookery book /'·/ also 又作 cookbook especially AmE【尤
美】- n a book on how to prepare and cook food烹饪书；食谱
cook-house /kuk haus: 'kukhaus/n-houses /-hauziz; -hauzz/
old-fash a kitchen in the open air, where food is cooked in a
camp【过时】〔野外营地的〕露天厨房；野营厨房；户外厨房
cook. ie /'kuki; 'kuki/ n 1 also
又作 biscuit BrE【英】‖cooky
AmE【美】- especially AmE
a flat thin dry cake, sweetened
or unsweetened, usually sold
in packets or tins【尤美】曲奇
饼，小甜饼，甜饼干：We had
cookies and coffee. 我们吃了
甜饼和咖啡。|chocolate-chip
cookies混有巧克力片的甜饼
干 2 ScotE for【苏格兰】=BUN
(1)3 also 又作 cooky - AmE
slang a person of a particular type【美俚】特殊类型的人：a smart
tough cookie 聪明[强壮]的人 4 that's the way the cookie
crumbles humor that's how things are and you must accept
them (used when something unfortunate, unpleasant etc has
just happened)【幽】事情既已如此，只好这样了〔用于不幸或不合
意的事发生之后)5 toss your cookies AmE slang to vomit
(=bring up food from your stomach)【美俚】呕吐：Andy had
some fish that wasn't too good last night and got sick, and
when he gets sick he tosses his cookies. 安迪昨晚吃了些不太
新鲜的鱼便病了，他一有不适就呕吐。| There was sand on the
floor of the bar where enthusiastic drinkers had tossed their
cookies the night before. 酒吧间的地板上撒了沙子, 那是昨晚
酒鬼呕吐的地方。
cookie cut·ter /'··/ n AmE an instrument which cuts flat
cookies into special shapes before baking【美】饼干成型切割刀
(fig. 喻) Cookie-cutter houses lined the street (=all the houses
looked alike). 千篇一律的房子排列在街道两旁。
Cookie Mon-ster, the /'·. ·/ a character in the US television
programme SESAME STREET who loves to eat COOKIEs. He al-
ways appears when anyone has cookies, and he eats all of them
very quickly, loudly, and wildly. 曲奇怪物〔美国电视节目《芝
麻街》中喜欢吃小甜饼的角色，谁一有小甜饼他就会出现，并以极
快的速度，很响的声音和很难看的吃相将小甜饼吃个精光〕
cookie sheet /'· ·/ n AmE for【美】= BAKING SHEET
cook·ing /`kukin; 'kukin/ adj [A] suitable for or used in cook-
ing 烹调用的：cooking sherry 烧菜用的雪利料酒| cooking oil
烧菜用的油
cooking ap·ple /'··/ n an apple that you eat cooked 煮熟吃的
苹果 — compare 比较 EATING APPLE
cooking oil/'·/ n [U] oil from plants, such as SUNFLOWERS or
OLIVES, used in cooking, especially frying(FRY)烧菜用的油，
食用烹调油
cook·out /`kuk aut; 'kuk-aut/ n infml, especially AmE a meal
cooked and eaten outdoors【非正式，尤美】在露天煮吃的野餐
Cook-son /kuksn; 'kuksan/, Cath. e. rine /`kae0erin; 'kae0arn/
(1906-1998) a British writer of novels with romantic stories
that take place in the past, in the northeast of England. Her
books are especially popular with women, and many of them
have been made into television films. 库克森〔 (1906-1998) 
英国小说家，其作品描写旧时发生在英格兰东北部的浪漫故事，尤
受女性读者喜爱，其中许多已被改编成电视片〕
cook·y /`kuki; 'kuki/ n especially AmE a COOKIE (1, 3)【尤美】
小甜饼；特殊类型的人
cool'/kul; ku:l/ adj 1 neither warm nor very cold; pleasantly
cold 凉的，凉爽的：a cool day 凉爽的一天 | A cool breeze blew
off the sea. 凉爽的微风从海边吹来。| a nice cool beer 清凉可
口的啤酒 | As it was a hot day, she wore a cool dress. 因为天
气热，她穿了一件凉快的衣服。-see参见COLD(USAGE)2calm
and not easily excited 冷静的；沉着的；不易激动的：If you hear
te fire bell, keep cool and don't Danic. 你如果听到火警铃, 要
保持镇定，不要惊慌。| We need someone with a cool head. (=who
doesn't get too excited)我们需要头脑冷静的人。3 [(towards)]
lacking warm feelings; not as friendly as usual 冷淡的；冷漠的
He seemed rather cool towards me today - I wonder if I've
offended him. 他今天似乎对我冷冰冰的，不知道我是否得罪了
他。| The President was given a cool reception when he vis
ited London. 总统访问伦敦时，受到冷淡的接待。4 disrespect-
ful in a calmly self-confident way_无礼的：And then, as cool
as you like, he picked up the contract and tore it in half. 然
后，他非常不礼貌地拿起合同撕成两半。|Well, he certainly is
a cool customer (=someone who is calm in a disrespectful or
admired way), and no mistake! 他呀，真是个没有礼貌的家伙，
错不了！5 [A] infml (used to give force to an expression, espe. 
cially to large amounts of money)【非正式】〔钱的数额〕整整的
不折不扣的：He earns a cool half million a year. 他一年收入
整整50万。6 slang very good【俚】好的，极妙的：You look real-
(ly) cool in that new dress. 你穿那件新衣服显得漂亮极啦。-
~ish adj — ~ly /`kulli; 'ku:l-li/ ady — ~ness n [U
cool2v [I; T (DOWN)] 1 to (cause to) become cool(使)变凉：We
cookie 小甜饼
opened the windows to cool the room. 为了使屋里凉快，我们
打开了窗子。| a water-cooled/air-cooled engine 水冷[气冷]
发动机 | Let your tea cool (down) a little before you drink it
让茶稍凉一点你再喝。| (fig. 喻) Their initial enthusiasm soon
cooled. 他们最初的热情很快冷了下来。 — compare 比较 WARM2
2 cool it infml【非正式】a keep calm; calm down 冷静一点：
Come on, you guys, cool it!行了，你们这些家伙，冷静一点！ b to
reduce the speed of an operation or the pressure on someone
else 沉住气，慢慢来；别紧张：They know we're keen to get the
contract now, so I think we should cool it for a bit. 他们现在
知道我们一心想得到那份合同，因此我觉得我们应当沉住气。3cool
one's heels to be forced to wait 被迫久候，空等：He kept them
0379
cooling their heels for an hour outside his door. 他让他们在
门外等候了一小时之久。
cool down phr v [I; T(=cool sbdy. down)] to (cause to) be
come calmer and less excited （使）冷静下来；变冷淡：It took me
a long time to cool down after the argument. 争论之后，我好
长时间才平静下来。| I tried to cool her down but she was too
angry. 我试图使她平静下来，但她还是非常生气
cool3 n 1 [the+S] a temperature that is pleasantly cold 凉爽 （的
气温)：the cool of the evening 夜晚的凉爽 2 keep/lose your
cool slang to keep/lose your calmness and self-control【俚】保
持[失去]冷静
cool4 ady play it cool to behave in a calm and unexcited way; 
not lose your temper 冷静对待；镇定应付：They expected us to
be angry, but we had decided to play it cool. 他们预料我们会
生气，但我们已决定冷静对待
coo-lant /kulent; 'ku:lent/ n [C; U] tech a liquid used for cool-
ing down part of a machine or apparatus that gets hot【术语】冷
却剂
cool·box /kulbaks; 'ku:lboks/ also 又作 cool·bag /-baeg; -baeg/
cooler AmE【美】-- a container which is specially made to keep
food and drink cool and fresh, for use on PICNICS. It is usually
made of plastic and has one or more containers for ice. 〔贮存野
餐食物用以保鲜的〕冰盒，冰袋
cooler /`kule: 'ku:le/ n 1 [C] a container in which something
is cooled or kept cool 冷却器； a wine cooler 葡萄酒冷却器 2
[C] AmE for【美】= a COOLBOX 3 AmE infml a machine which
provides AIR CONDITIONING【美，非正式】空调：Turn on the
cooler, it's hot in here. 把空调打开，这儿很热。4 [the+S] slang
prison【俚】牢房
cool-head·ed /·/ adj calm; not easily excited 头脑冷静的
沉着的； a cool-headed person/decision 头脑冷静的人[决定]
coo·lie /'kulr: 'ku:li/ n (especially in India and some parts of
the Far East) an unskilled worker paid extremely low wages
(尤指印度和远东部分地区的)苦力：He treats her like a coolie-
she works for next to nothing and never gets a day off. 他把她
当作苦力一样——她干活几乎没什么报酬而且一天也不能休息。
cooling-off pe. ri·od /，· ，·/ n 1 a period before a planned
STRIKE2 when unions and employers have a chance to reach an
agreement〔罢工前劳资双方有机会达成协议的〕冷却期 2 a pe
riod after the signing of some types of sales agreement, when
you can change your mind about buying something〔某些销售
合同签署后允许买方改变主意的)冷却期：a thirty-day cooling-
off period 30天的冷却期
cooling sys tem /'·，. ·/ n a system for decreasing or keeping
low the temperature of e. g. an engine by means of air, a liquid, 
or a gas 冷却系统：The power station was shut down after d
fault was detected in the cooling system. 发现冷却系统有问题
后，发电站就关闭了。
Cool Whip /' / trademark a type of sweet white light food
similar to firm cream, which people in the US often put on
sweet dishes such as pie or fruit【商标】〔美国人常加在馅饼、水
果等甜食上的)“够味”蛋奶
coon /kun; ku:n/ n 1 taboo derog slang a black person (considered
extremely offensive)【讳，贬，俚】黑鬼〔有强烈冒犯含义〕2 AmE
infml for【美，非正式】= RACCOON
co-op /`ko-ap; 'keu-op/ n (often cap. 常用大写) infml【非正式】
1 abbrev. for 缩写= COOPERATIVE2: My friends and I belong
to a food co-op. 我和朋友都在一家食品合作社工作。2 (in Britain
a an organization of people with similar aims (the Co-operativ
Society) which owns a group of shops. All profits from their
sales are given back in one way or another to the members of
the society. 合作社〔一群有相同目标的人管理一组商店的企业组
织，其利润会全数归还给成员〕 b [C] a shop owned by this soci
ety 合作商店
coop'/kup; ku:p/ n a cage for small animals, especially hens
〔尤指鸡〕笼；禽舍
coop2v
coop sbdy. /sthg. →up phr v [T (in) usually pass. 一般用于
被动语态] to shut into a small space; CONFINE 把··关入笼中：
把〔人)拘禁起来：cooped up in a tiny room/in prison 被关进小
房间[牢房]
cooper /kupe; 'ku:pe/ n a person who makes barrels 制桶[修
桶]工人
Cooper, Alice (1948- )a US HEAVY METAL singer, known for
his unusual appearance, because he has long black hair, wears
tight leather trousers, and puts a lot of black MAKE-UP around his
eyes. His songs include School's Out (1972). 库珀〔 (1948- )，
美国重金属乐歌手，以其造型独特而闻名，即：留一头长长的黑发。
穿紧身皮裤，眼睛周围涂有大量的黑色眼影，歌曲包括《下课了)
(1972))
Cooper, Gar-y /gaeri; 'gaeri/ (1901-1961) a US film actor who
often appeared as characters who were very brave and
determined, and did not speak much. His most famous film is
the WESTERN High Noon (1952)， where he defends himself
against a group of violent men. 库珀〔(1901-1961)，美国电影
演员，常扮演坚定勇敢、沉默寡言的人物。他最出名的是西部片《正
午》(1952)，影片中他对抗一群暴徒〕
Cooper, Henry (1934-)a British BOXER who was European
HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPION from 1968 to 1971. He is known for
having hit Muhammad ALI so hard that he fell down when they
fought in 1963. 库珀〔(1934-)，英国拳击手，1968年至1971
年间为欧洲重量级冠军，在1963年与穆罕默德·阿里交手时，猛击
对手致其倒地，以此而闻名
Cooper, James Fenimore /d3emz `fenimor; d3eimz 'fenimo:
(1789-1851)a US writer who wrote novels about Native Ameri-
cans and life on the American FRONTIER, including The
Deerslayer and The LAST OF THE MOHICANS 库珀〔 (1789-
1851), 美国作家，其小说描写美国边远地区的生活及其美洲土著
居民，包括《杀鹿者》和《最后的一个莫希干人》〕
Cooper, Tom-my (1921-1984) a British COMEDIAN, known
for wearing a FEZ (=a Muslim hat), for doing silly magic tricks
that did not work, and for saying 'Just like that!'库珀〔(1921-
1984), 英国喜剧演员，以戴土耳其毡帽，变魔术出洋相以及说“就
像那样！”而闻名〕
co·op·e·rate, co-operate /ko`ape ret; keu'ppereit/ v [I(with. 
in)] to work or act together for a shared purpose 合作，协作
They'll get the job finished much more quickly if they all
cooperate. 如果他们都合作，他们会更快完成这项工作。| The
British cooperated with the French in designing the satellite
英法两国合作设计人造卫星。|[+to-v] Several countries co
operated to build the new plane. 几个国家合作制造新的飞机。
--rator n
co. op·e·ra·tion, co-operation /ko, ape`refen; keu, ope'reifan/
n [U (with)] 1 the act of working together for a shared pur-
pose 合作，协作：This film was produced in cooperation with
Australian TV. 这部影片是同澳大利亚电视台合作制作的。2 will-
ingness to work together; help 乐于合作 [配合]：I need your
cooperation in this matter. 这件事我需要你的协助。| The union
decided on a policy of non-cooperation with the management
工会决定了一项与资方不合作的政策。
co. op·e·ra·tive'/ko`ape, retiv; keu'oparetiv/ adj 1 willing to
cooperate; helpful 合作的，协作的：The management would like
to thank the staff for being so cooperative. 资方要感谢全体员
工的通力合作。- — opposite 反义词 uncooperative 2 [no comp
无比较级]made, done, or operated by people working together
合作进行的：a cooperative farm/venture 合作农场[企业] — see
also 另见 CO-OP — ~ly adv
cooperative2 also 又作 co-op - n a COOPERATIVE1 (2) firm
farm, shop etc, especially one that is owned and run by all the
people who work in it 合作社：a housing/farm cooperative 住
房[农业]合作社 | We decided to set up a cooperative. 我们决
定开办一家合作社。
Coo·pers and Ly. brand /kupa-z end `laibraend; , ku:pez end
'laibraend/ — see 参见 PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS
Coo. pers. town /kupa-ztaun; 'ku:peztaun/ a town in the state
of New York which has the Baseball Hall of Fame, a sort of
MUSEUM where BASEBALL equipment and information about
famous baseball plavers is on show to the public 库珀斯敦(纽
约州一镇，建有棒球名人博物馆，这是一座向公众展示棒球装备以
及介绍最佳棒球运动员的博物馆〕
co-opt /ko `apt; keu 'ppt/ v [T (into, onto)] (of a committee or
similar group) to choose, but not elect (someone) as a member
by the votes of all the existing members. Sometimes a person
who is co-opted is at first not willing to be a member. 〔由委员
会或类似群体的现有成员〕推举[增补]·为新成员〔有时被推选的
人一开始并不愿意) ：I was co-opted onto the board of directors. 
我被董事会增选为新董事
co. or. di-nate'/ko`ordn et; keu'o:dneit/ v [T] to make (people
or things) work together, so as to increase effectiveness 使协
调；使调和：She's a beautiful dancer; all her movements are
perfectly coordinated. 她是位出色的舞蹈家，她所有的动作都非
常协调。| We used a computer to coordinate the marketing cam-
paign. 我们使用一台电脑来协调推销活动。| a well-coordinated
response to the enemy attack 对敌人的进攻给以协调一致的回
击
co. or-dinate2 /ko`ordnit; keu'o:dnt/ n tech one of a set of
numbers and/or letters that give the exact position of a point
on a map, computer SCREEN etc【术语】坐标 — see also 另见
COORDINATES
coordinate3 adj [A] tech【术语】1 equal in importance or rank:
0380
not SUBORDINATE 同等的：并列的； coordinate clauses in a
sentence, joined by ‘and’一个句子中用 and 连接的并列子句
2 of or based on COORDINATEs2坐标的 — ~ly ady
co·or. di·nates /ko`ordnits: keu'o:dnts/ n [P] separate women's
clothes that are intended to be worn together because the colours
match〔在颜色上搭配而要一起穿的〕配套服装
co·or·di·na·tion /ko, ordn`efen; keu, o:d'neifan/n [U]1 [(of)
the act of coordinating (COORDINATE1)协调，调和：careful co
ordination of our research efforts 对我们研究工作的精心协调
2 the way in which muscles work together when performing a
movement 〔肌肉的)协调：Dancers need good coordination/d
sense of coordination. 舞蹈演员需要良好的动作协调[协调意
识]。
Coors /kuez; kuez/ trademark a type of beer made by a US
company and sold in the US and the UK【商标】“库尔斯”牌啤
酒
coot /kut; ku:t/n a small dark grey water bird with a short beak
白骨顶〔水鸟〕
coo·ties /kutiz; 'ku:tiz/ n AmE infml disease producing bacte
ria or bodylice (LOUSE), believed to be caught by touching a
person or thing; used especially by children【美，非正式】长虱
子〔尤为儿童用语)：“Sit next to your sister -- she doesn't have
cooties, you know. ” “坐在你姐姐旁边——她可没生虱子，你知
道的。”
cop' /kap; kpp/ n infml a policeman or policewoman【非正式】
警察，女警察：My father's a cop. 我爸爸是警察。| a cop car
一辆警车| little boys playing cops and robbers 正在玩警察
捉强盗游戏的小男孩 — see also 另见 COP SHOP
cop2ν -pp- [T] slang【俚】1 BrE to catch (someone doing some-
thing wrong)【英】抓住〔做坏事的人〕，逮住 2 cop it BrE to be
in serious trouble【英】遇到大麻烦，挨罚：You'll really cop it if
they catch you smoking again! 如果他们抓住你再吸烟的话，你
就倒霉了。3 Cop that! BrE Look at that!【英】看那儿！ 4 cop a
plea AmE to agree to say you are guilty of a CHARGE2(4) so
that you can get a reduced punishment【美】承认有罪以求轻判：
The police got him for homicide but he copped a plea and
got away with 90 days, 警方以杀人罪将他逮捕，但他承认自己
有罪而被轻判关押90天。
cop out phr v [I (of, on)] slang, often derog to avoid the
responsibility of making a difficult decision or acting accord-
ing to your principles【俚，常贬】逃避作出困难决定或按原则行
事的责任：Don't try to cop out (of it) by telling me you're too
busy!你不要推脱说很忙而企图逃避责任！ — see also 另见 COP
OUT
cop3 n BrE slang【英俚】1 a fair cop a fair or just ARREST. This
phrase is supposedly used by criminals when they have been
caught, but it has been used so often that it is now really only
ajoke. 抓得好，抓得有理〔据认为这是罪犯遭擒获时所说的话，但
已用得太频繁，现在只是一句笑话)2 not much con not very
good 无甚价值：This film isn't much cop. 这部影片不怎么样。
Co. pa. ca. ban. a /kopeke`baene; keupeke'baene/ a fashionable
BEACH in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, thought of as a place where
many youns and beautiful people go_科帕卡巴纳(巴西里约热
内卢的一处时髦人物常到的海滩，被认为是许多年轻漂亮人士所去
的地方〕
cope'/kop; keup/ v [I(with)] to deal successfully with a diffi-
cult situation 〔成功地)应付，对付：The factory coped yery well
with the sudden increase in demand. 工厂妥善处理了需求突
然增大的问题。| With three small children, she just couldn't
cope on her own. 她带着三个小孩，真是无法独自应付
cope2n a long loose garment worn by priests on special occasions
〔教士主持特别仪式时所穿的〕长袍
Co. pen-ha. gen /kopenhegen; keupen'heigen / the capital city
of Denmark, a port and industrial centre in the east of the
country. There is a well-known STATUE of the 'Little Mer
maid'in the port and there is an old popular song called
Wonderful, wonderful Copenhagen'. 哥本哈根〔丹麦首都，为
该国东部的港口和工业中心。港口处矗立着著名的“美人鱼”雕像. 
有一首广为传唱的古老歌曲叫做“神奇的，神奇的哥本哈根”〕
Copenhagen, the Battle of a naval battle between the Brit-
ish and the Danish in 1801. The British navy under Lord Nelson
had received orders to leave the area because Danish ships were
approaching. Nelson put his TELESCOPE to his blind eye and
said 'I see no ships'. His ships remained where they were, and
in the battle that followed the Danes were defeated. 哥本哈根
之战〔1801年英国和丹麦之间的一场海战。纳尔逊勋爵率领的英
国海军接到命令必须离开所在地区，因为丹麦船只正在逐渐逼近。
纳尔逊把望远镜放在他那只失明的眼睛上说“我没有看到什么
船”。他的船原地不动并在紧接着的战役中打败了丹麦〕
Co. per-ni. can sys. tem /ko`p3niken, sistem; keu'p3:niken
sistm/, the n the idea, first suggested by Copernicus, that
the Earth and the other PLANETs all travel in circles around the
sun. Before this it was believed, according to the PTOLEMAIC
SYSTEM, that the Earth was at the centre of the universe, _哥白
尼体系〔地球和行星绕太阳运转的学说，在此之前为托勒密体系、
即地球是宇宙中心的学说〕
Co. per-nic. us /ko`p3nikes; keu'p3:nikes/, Nicholas (1473-
1543), a Polish ASTRONOMER (=person who studies the stars)
known for the Copernican system 哥白尼〔(1473-1543)，波兰
天文学家，以哥白尼体系闻名〕
cop. i. er /kapie; 'kopie'/ n a machine for making photographic
copies; PHOTOCOPIER 复印机：影印机
co. pi. lot /ko`pailet; 'keu pailet/ n a pilot who shares the con-
trol of a plane with the main pilot飞机副驾驶员
cop. ing /`kopin; 'keupin/ n the top row of stone or brick on a
wall or roof〔墙顶或屋顶的)护顶；盖顶：The wall was attrac
tively topped off with some coping stones. 这墙顶上引人注目
地加上了一些盖顶石。
co·pi·ous /`kopies; 'keupies/ adj plentiful; ABUNDANT 丰富的
copious tears 如泉涌般的泪水 | copious quantities of food 大
量丰富的食品 — ~ly ady
Cop·land /`koplend; 'keuplend/, Aa. ron (1900-1990) a US
COMPOSER of modern CLASSICAL music, known especially for
his Fanfare for the Common Man, and for the music he wrote
for the BALLET Appalachian Spring 科普兰〔(1900-1990)，美
国现代古典音乐作曲家，尤以其《众人信号曲》及为芭蕾舞《阿帕拉
契之春》所作的音乐闻名〕
cop-out /'/ n an occasion when you try to avoid the responsi-
bility of making a difficult decision or acting according to your
principles 逃避责任；放弃原则：She said she was going to tell
him what he could do with his job, but in the end she just kept
her mouth shut. What a cop-out! 她说过要告诉他该怎么对待
工作，可是最后一言不发。竟这么打了退堂鼓！
*cop. per1 /kapa; 'kope/ n 1 [U] a soft reddish metal that is a
simple substance (ELEMENT), is easily shaped, and allows heat
and electricity to pass through it easily 铜：copper pipes 铜管
copper wires 铜线. | The chemical symbol for copper is 'Cu'
铜的化学符号是Cu。2 [C] BrE infml, becoming rare a coin of
low value made of copper or BRONZE【英，非正式，渐罕】铜币
He had only a few coppers in his pocket. 他口袋里只有几个铜
币。3 [U] a reddish-brown colour 红棕色：copper hair 红棕色
的头发 — ~ly adj
copper2n infml a policeman or policewoman【非正式】警察，女
警察
copper beech /，. '/ n a large tree with purple- or copper-
coloured leaves 紫叶欧洲山毛榉
copper-bot-tomed /，· '·/ adj1 having copper on the bottom
有铜底的；用铜包底的：a copper-bottomed saucepan 铜底平底
锅 2 BrE infml safe in every way; completely without risk
【英，非正式】各方面都安全的；极其安全的：a copper-bottomed
investment完全可靠的投资
Cop. per-field' /`kapafild; 'kopefi:ld/, David (1956-) a US
MAGICIAN (someone who entertains people by performing
magic tricks)who is known for impressive tricks such as mak-
ing the STATUE OF LIBERTY disappear, and walking through the
GREAT WALL OF CHINA. 大卫·科波菲尔〔(1956-)，美国魔术师. 
以使自由女神像消失，横穿中国长城等令人难忘的魔术表演闻名
Copperfield2, David — see 参见 DAVID COPPERFIELD
cop. per-head /`kapa-hed; 'kopehed/ n a large copper-coloured
poisonous snake found in the eastern US(产于美国东部的)铜
头蝮蛇
cop·per-plate /kapa plet; 'kppepleit/ n [U] neat regular curv-
ing old-fashioned handwriting, usually with all the letters of a
word joined together 工整的书写体：The invitation was writ
ten in fine copperplate handwriting. 请帖是用精美的书写体书
写的。
cop. pice /`kapis; 'kops/ n a small wood of trees or bushes, 
especially one that is specially managed to provide wood for
fencing etc〔尤用作篱笆等的〕矮树丛，灌木林
Cop-po. la /kapele; 'kppele/, Fran-cis Ford (1939- ) a very
respected US film DIRECTOR, whose films include The GODFA-
THER (1972) and Apocalypse Now (1979) 科波拉〔 (1939- )，
极受人尊敬的美国电影导演，执导过的影片包括《教父》(1972)和
《现代启示录》(1979)〕
cop. ra /`kapre; 'kopre/ n [U] the dried flesh of the COCONUT
from which oil is pressed for making soap 干椰子肉〔榨出之油
可制肥皂〕
copse /kaps; kops/ n a small wood of trees or bushes 矮树丛；
灌木林
cop shop /' ·/ n BrE infml a POLICE STATION【英，非正式】警
0381
察局
Copt/kapt; 'kopt/ n someone who belongs to the Coptic Church
科普特教徒
Cop. tic1/kaptik; 'koptik/ adj connected with the Coptic Church
or the Coptic language 关于科普特教会的；科普特教会礼拜时
所用的语言的
Coptic2n [U] the language used in the religious services of the
Coptic Church, based on the language of ancient Egypt 〔以古
埃及语为基础〕科普特教会礼拜时所用的语言
Coptic Church, the /，. '/ a Christian religious group that is
separate from the Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox churches. 
and was formed in Egypt in the 1st century AD. Although most
Egyptians are Muslims, there is a small number of Coptic
Christians. 科普特教会〔从天主教. 新教和东正教会中分离出来的
基督教宗教团体，公元1世纪于埃及成立。尽管大多数埃及人是穆
斯林，但也有一小部分科普特基督教徒
cop·u·la /`kapjele; 'kopjle/ n tech (in grammar) a special type
of verb which connects the subject of a sentence with the
COMPLEMENT. In this dictionary copulas are marked [L]. 【术
语】连系动词；系词：In the sentence 'The house seems big'
seems' is a copula. 在 The house seems big 一句中， seems 是
连系动词。
cop·u·late /`kapje let; 'kppjleit/ v [I (with)] fml to have sex
This word is usually used either about animals, or in a disap-
proving way, to show that the sex has little emotional feeling. 
【正式】交媾：交配〔该词一般用来指动物或以不赞同的口吻指几乎
没有感情的性行为〕- -lation /kapje`lefen; kopj'leifan/n
[U]
cop. u·la. tive /kapje, letiv; 'kopjletrv/ adj, n tech (describing)
a word or word group that connects other words or word groups
【术语】连系的；连（接）词：a copulative conjunction such as
'and'并列连词，如 and
cop. y1/`kapi; 'kopi/ n 1 [C (of)] a thing made to be exactly
like another 复制件；副本：I sent the letter, but kept a copy for
my files. 我发了信，但留了份副本存档。| It's not a genuine
Michelangelo - it's only a copy. 这不是米开朗琪罗的真迹 —
这不过是个摹本。| The secretary made a copy of the document
秘书把文件复制了一份。2 [C (of)] a single example of a magazine
book, newspaper etc〔杂志、图书、报纸等的〕一份；一册：Did you
get your copy of 'The Times' today?你今天收到《泰晤士报》
了吗？ | This book has already sold over a million copies. 这
本书已销售100多万册。3 [U] tech written material to be printed
【术语】准备排印的书面材料：All copy must be typewritten and
sent to the editor by Monday morning. 所有付印稿必须用打字
机打好，在星期一上午送交给编辑。| a copy editor 文字编辑
clever advertising copy 巧妙的广告文稿 I know it's a very
sad story, but my editor thinks it's good copy, (=interesting
news)我认为这是一个非常悲惨的故事，可是编辑却认为这是
条吸引人的新闻。 — see also 另见 FAIR COPY, HARD COPY. SOFI
CopY
*copy2y 1 [T] to make a copy of 复制，抄写：Would you copy
this letter for me, please?请为我复印一下这封信好吗？2 T
to follow (someone or something) as a standard or pattern; 
IMITATE 模仿；仿效：Street fashion tends to copy the clothes
produced by the big Paris designers. 街上的时装趋向于模仿
由巴黎设计大师设计的服装。3 [I; T (from, off)] derog to cheat
by writing (exactly the same thing) as someone else【贬】抄袭
Their answers are exactly the same — one of them must have
copied from the other. 他们的答案完全相同 —— 他们当中的一
个人一定是抄袭了另一个的答案
copy sthg.  out phr v [T] to write (something) exactly as
written elsewhere 抄写出〔副本)：I copied out her notes into
my notebook. 我把她的笔记抄在我的笔记本上。
cop. y. book'/`kapi buk; 'kopibuk/ n a book containing ex-
amples of good handwriting, formerly used in schools as a stan-
dard for pupils learning to write 字帖，习字簿 — see also 另见
blot one's copybook (BLOT2)
copybook2 adj [A] BrE completely suitable or correct【英】（非
常)正确的：a copybook answer 正确的答案
cop. y. cat /kapi kaet; 'kopikaet/ n derog infml a person who
copies other people's behaviour, dress, manners, work etc in a
completely unoriginal way【贬，非正式】模仿他人行为[衣着等
的人；无创造性的模仿者：Don't be such a copycat!不要老是这
样模仿别人。| a copycat crime/killing (=similar to a famous
crime that another person has done)模仿性的犯罪；模仿他人的
凶杀
cop. y. ist /kapust; 'kopi-st/ n a person who makes written
copies 抄写员，誊写员
cop. y. right /kapi rait; 'kopirait/ n [C; U] the right in law to be
the only producer or seller of a book, play, film, or record for
a fixed period of time 版权；著作权：Who holds/owns the copy-
right forlon the book: you, or the publisher?谁拥有这本书的
版权，是你自己，还是出版社？| Copying this videocassette with-
out permission would be a breachlinfringement of copyright
未经允许复制这一录像带是侵犯版权的行为
cop. y. writ. er /`kapi raite; 'kopi, raite/ n a person who writes
the words for advertisements 广告文字撰稿人
cog au vin /，kok o `vaen; kok eu 'vaen/ n [U] a dish of chicken
cooked in red wine with BACON, MUSHROOMs, and onions 酒
焖鸡块〔配有熏猪肉、蘑菇和洋葱〕
cog·ue·try /`kokitri; 'koktri/ n [C; U] a behaviour typical of a
coquette〔女人的〕卖弄风情
co. quette /ko`ket; keu'ket/ n a woman who tries to attract
the admiration of men without having sincere feelings for
them; a woman who FLIRTS 卖弄风情的女人 - -quettish ad
--quettishly adv
cor·a. cle /`korekl; 'korekal/ n a small light round boat, built
like a basket, sometimes used by fishermen on Irish and Welsh
lakes〔爱尔兰和威尔士渔民在湖泊上使用的〕科拉科尔小舟
cor·al'/`karel; 'kprel/ n [U] a white, pink, or reddish stonelike
substance formed from the bones of very small sea animals. It
is often used for making jewellery, 珊瑚：a coral island 珊瑚
岛 | a coral necklace 珊瑚项链 | The ship was wrecked on a
coral reef. 这条船在珊瑚暗礁上撞毁了。
coral2 adj having a pink or reddish-orange colour 珊瑚色的，粉
红[橘红]色的：coral lipstick 珊瑚色的唇膏
Coral a company that operates BETTING SHOPs in many towns
in the UK 科拉尔公司〔在英国的许多城镇经营彩票店的一家公
司〕
coral reef /，· '·/ n coral reefs a mass of LIMESTONE (=a type of
hard rock)formed by coral and/or other living things in warm
SHALLOW sea water and known for its beautiful colours 珊瑚礁
- — see also另见 GREAT BARRIEE REEF
cor an-glais / kor `ongler; ko:r 'onglei/ also 又作 English horn
AmE【美】- n cors anglais (same pronunciation 读音相同)
Fr a musical instrument of the WOODWIND family, like a large
OBOE【法】英国管〔一种木管乐器，似双簧管]
cor-bel /`korbl; 'ko:bal/ n tech a piece of stone or wood built
out from a wall as a support for a beam or other heavy object
【术语】〔自墙上伸出作支撑用的石头或木头制的〕梁托，翅托
cor bli·mey /，kor `blaim; , ko: 'blaimi/ also 又作 blimey
interj BrE old-fash slang (used for showing surprise)【英，过
时，俚】哎呀〔表示惊讶的声音〕
Corbusier — see 参见 LE CORBUSIER
cord'/kord; ko:d/ n 1 [C; U] (a piece of) thick string or thin
rope 粗线；细绳；索，带：I tied the suitcase shut with a piece of
cord. 我用绳把箱子捆上。 2 [C: U] (a piece of) wire with a
protective covering, for connecting electrical equipment to a
supply of electricity 电线 3 [U] CORDUROY 灯芯绒；条绒布：
cord skirt 一条灯芯绒裙子 — see also 另见 CORDS, COMMUNI
CATION CORD, CORDLESS, SPINAL CORD, UMBILICAL CORD. 
VOCAL CORDS
cord2n AmE a quantity of FIREWOOD(=wood cut for burning in
a fire)【美】考得〔木柴的计量单位)：We go through about three
cords of wood in the winter, 冬天我们要用三考得左右的柴火。
cord3ν [T] to tie, bind, or connect with cord 用绳索捆扎：a
corded bundle of hay 一捆扎好的干草
cord·age /`kordid3; 'ko:did3/ n [U] rope or cord in general, es-
pecially on a ship 绳索〔总称)；船用索具
Cor. de. li. a /kor`dilie; ko:'di:lie/ a character in the play KING
LEAR by William SHAKESPEARE. She is the youngest of Lear's
three daughters and the only one who really loves him. 考狄利
亚〔莎士比亚戏剧《李尔王》中的人物，她是李尔三个女儿中最小
的、也是惟一真正爱他的一个女儿) — see also 另见 GONERIL
REGAN
cor. di. al'/kord3el; 'ko:diel/ n [U] fruit juice which is added to
water and drunk〔加水后作饮料的)果汁：lemon cordial 柠檬果
汁
cordial2adj fml warmly and friendly, but quite formal and polite
【正式】热诚的，友好的〔但比较正式、有礼貌)：a cordial smile/
welcome/reception 热诚的微笑[欢迎；接待] — ~ity /kor`d3aeleti:
, ko:di'aelti/n[U]
cor·di·ally /`kord3eli; 'ko:dieli/ adv fml【正式】1 in a cordial
manner 热诚地； 诚挚地：You are cordially invited to the wedding. 
热诚邀请你参加婚礼。2 dislike/hate cordially to dislike/hate
very strongly 强烈厌恶[憎恨等]
cor. dite /kordait; 'ko:dait/ n [U] tech smokeless explosive
powder【术语】无烟火药
cord·less /kordles; 'ko:dles/ adj not connected with wires to a
supply of electricity 〔电器〕无绳式的：a cordless phone 无绳电
0382
话| Is your iron cordless?你的熨斗是无绳式的吗？
cor-don' /kordn; 'ko:dn/ n 1 a line of police, military vehicles
etc placed round an area to protect or enclose it 警戒线：The
Dolice immediately putlthrew a cordon round the accident to
keep people away. 警察立刻在事故现场周围设置警戒线，不让
人们靠近。2 tech a fruit tree with its branches cut so that it
grows as a single stem, especially flat against a wall【术语】
(尤指倚墙而生的〕单干形果树
cordon2 v
cordon sthg. → off phr y [T] to surround (an area) with a
line of police, military vehicles etc 设置警戒线围起：The dem. 
onstrators couldn't reach the embassy because the whole area
was cordoned off. 由于整个地区围起了警戒线，示威者无法靠近
大使馆。
cor-don bleu /kor`d3 `ble; , ko:don 'bl3:/ adj [A] Fr of or prac. 
tising cooking at the highest standard【法】烹饪手艺高超的：
She's a real cordon bleu cook. 她是一位手艺一流的厨师。| a
course in cordon bleu cookery高级烹调课(程)
cordon san. i·taire /，kordn saeni`ter; ko:dn saeni'tee/ also又
作 sanitary cordon n Fr【法】1 a guarded line between infected
and uninfected areas to prevent the spread of the infection〔传
染病流行地区的〕防疫线，防疫封锁线：A cordon sanitaire has
been placed around the infected towns. 防疫封锁线已架设在
传染病流行的小镇周围。|(fig. 喻) The school believes it is
drawing a cordor sanitaire around the minds of its pupils. 校
方认为这正在给学生的思想划上一道防线。2 a line of smal states
not fighting or supporting either side which separates two en-
emy powers or two powers which, if combined, may threater
other states 缓冲地带，中立地区：The Allies created a cordon
sanitaire of buffer states to cut communism off from europe
同盟国设立了一道缓冲国屏障，以使共产主义和欧洲隔离。
cords /kordz; ko:dz/ also又作 cor·du·roys /korde`roiz; ko:d3roiz/
n [P] infml trousers made from corduroy【非正式】灯芯绒裤
a pair of cords 一条灯芯绒裤
cor. du·roy /korde`roi; 'ko:d3roi/n [U] thick strong cotton cloth
with thin raised lines on it, used for making outer clothing灯
芯绒，条绒布：a corduroy jacket 灯芯绒夹克
corduroy road /，. ·'·/ n (especially in the US) a rough road
made from logs laid side by side 用木排铺的路
core1/kor; ko:/ n 1 the hard central part of certain fruits that
contains the seeds 〔某些水果含籽的)果核：I ate the apple, and
threw the core away, 我吃掉苹果并扔掉了果核。2 [(of) usu
ally sing. 一般用单数] the most important or central part of
anything〔任何事物的〕核心，最重要部分：The Earth has an
molten core. 地球有个熔化的核心。| The belief in free enter
prise is at the core of their political thinkins, 相信自由企业制
是他们政治思想的核心。| the core of the problem 问题的核心
3 tech【术语】a a bar of MAGNETIC metal used in an electric
motor to provide a path for the magnetic field 电磁铁的磁心
b a ring-shaped piece of MAGNETIC material used in computer
memories 磁心〔磁性材料制成的环形体，用于电脑存储器〕4 to
the core thoroughly; completely 十分地；彻底地：She's Ameri-
can to the core. 她是个地地道道的美国人。| The system is
rotten to the core. (=thoroughly bad) 这个制度腐败透顶。-
see also 另见 HARD CORE
core2v[T] to remove the core from (a fruit)去掉〔水果的)〕果核
Corel trademark a leading producer of SOFTWARE for computers. 
Corel's products include the popular WORD-PERFECT and Corel
Draw PROGRAMS. 【商标】科雷尔公司〔电脑软件的主要制造商，其
产品包括广受欢迎的“完美文字处理”软件和“科雷尔制图”软件)
co. re·li·gionist /ko. ri`lid3enist; keur'lid3anst/n a member
of the same religion 信奉同一宗教的人，教友
cor·er /kore: 'ko:re/ n a specially shaped knife for coring apples
去果核的刀，〔水果的〕去核器
co·re·spon·dent /ko·ri`spandent; keur'sppndent/n law
person charged with ADULTERY (=sex outside marriage) with
the wife or husband of a person wanting a DIVORCE (=an end
to the marriage)【律】共同被告〔在离婚诉讼中与原告的配偶通奸
者) — compare 比较 CORRESPONDENT, RESPONDENT
core time / / n [U] BrE the period during the middle part of
the day when an office or other place of work that operates
FLEXITIME expects all its people to be working【英】〔弹性工作
时间制中所有人员都在上班的〕核心上班时间〔多为每天中间的一
段时间〕
Cor-fu /`korfu: ko:'fu:/ a Greek island off the northwest coast
of Greece, which is a popular place for tourists to visit 科孚岛
(位于希腊西北沿岸一岛屿，深受游客的喜爱
cor·gi /`korgi; 'ko:gi/ n corgis a small dog with short legs and a
pointed nose. British people think of corgis in connection with
the British royal family, as the Queen keeps some as pets. 一种
腿短鼻尖的小狗〔英国人把它们同英国王室联系在一起，因为女王
养了一些这样的狗作宠物〕
co·ri·an·der /kori`aend; kpri'aende/‖also又作 cilantro AmE
【美】-n [U] the strong-tasting leaves or seeds of a small plant, 
used for giving a special taste to especially Asian and Mexi-
can food 芫荽，香菜
Co. rin. thi. an /ke`rin0ien; ke'rin0ien/ adj a style of Greek AR. 
CHITECTURE that uses decorations of leaves cut into stone. It is
more complicated than either the DORIC style or the IONIC style
科林斯式建筑风格的〔在石头上雕有叶饰的一种希腊建筑风格，比
陶立克式和爱奥尼亚式建筑风格更复杂)：Corinthian columns
科林斯式柱
cork1 /kork; ko:k/ n 1 [U] the light springy BARK (=the outer
covering) of the cork oak (=a tree from Southern Europe and
North Africa)软木橡树的树皮：cork tiles on the floor 用软木
橡树皮铺贴的地板 |a cork mat 软木橡树皮地垫|Cork always
floats. 软木橡树皮总是能够漂浮的。2 [C] a round piece of this
material. or something of the same shape made of rubber or
plastic, fixed into the neck of a bottle to close it tightly 软木瓶
塞；软木塞：I couldn't get the cork out of the wine bottle -I
didn't have a corkscrew. 我打不开这瓶酒的瓶塞 —— 我没有开
瓶的拔塞钻。
cork2v[T (UP)] to close the neck of (a bottle or similar container)
tightly with a cork 用软木塞紧塞〔瓶口〕 — opposite 反义词
uncork
cork sthg. up phr v [T] infml to keep (especially feelings)
unexpressed; SUPPRESS【非正式】抑制〔尤指感情)：corked-up
emotions 抑制着的感情
Cork 1 the largest COUNTY in the Irish Republic 科克郡〔爱尔兰
共和国最大的一个郡)2 the second largest city in the Irish Re-
public 科克〔爱尔兰共和国第二大城市〕
cork·age /'korkid3; 'ko:kid3/ n [U] the charge made by a hotel
or restaurant for allowing people to drink wine which they have
brought with them〔对自带酒顾客收取的〕开瓶费
corked /korkt; ko:kt/ adj (of wine) tasting bad because of a de
caying cork〔酒由于软木塞腐朽而〕味道不佳的，带瓶塞味的
corker /`korke; 'ko:ke'/ n old-fash infml a very interesting, 
noticeable, or excellent person or thing; used especially by
UPPER-CLASS people【过时，非正式】引人注意、非常有趣或出类
拔萃的人[事]〔尤为上层阶级人士所使用〕- corking adj
cork. screw'/korkskru; 'ko:kskru:/ n an apparatus of twisted
metal with a handle, used for pulling CORKs' (2) out of bottles
〔拔软木塞的〕拔塞钻，瓶塞钻
corkscrew2 adj [A] shaped like a corkscrew; SPIRAL 螺旋形的
corm /korm; ko:m/n tech the thick underground stem of certain
plants, from which the flowers and leaves grow in the spring
【术语】〔植物的〕球茎
cor-mo-rant /kormerent; 'ko:merent/ n a large black fish-eating
seabird with a long neck and a beak like a hook 鸬鹚
*corn1/korn; ko:n/ n [U]1 BrE (the seed of) any of various types
of grain plants, such as BARLEY, OATS, and especially wheat
【英】谷物〔尤指小麦)；谷粒：a field of ripe corn 一片成熟的谷
物 2 especially AmE and AustrE for【尤美和澳】= a MAIZE b
SWEET CORN — see also 另见 INDIAN CORN
corn2n a painful area of thick hard skin on the foot, usually on
or near a toe. Corns are mainly thought of as an old person's
problem 鸡眼〔主要被认为是老年人的疾患)：Don't step on my
corns. 别踩在我的鸡眼上。| a corn plaster 治鸡眼的橡皮膏 —
see also 另见 tread on someone's corns (TREAD' (7))
corn-ball /'kornbol; 'ko:nbo:l/ n [U] AmE infml a story or joke
that is CORNY【美，非正式】老生常谈的故事[笑话]：“Wejus
watched the three stooges; what cornbal!\" “我们刚刚看了三
个滑稽演员的表演，尽是些老掉牙的笑话！”| The movie was all
cornball. 那部电影的故事情节老掉牙了。
Corn Belt, the /'/ a large area in the central part of the US
which produces a lot of corn (=MAIZE in British English) as
food for cattle. It includes Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and parts of
other states. 玉米带〔美国中部地区盛产玉米作为牛饲料的地区，
包括艾奥瓦州、伊利诺伊州、印第安纳州以及其他州的部分地区
corn bread /'/ n [U] (especially in the US) bread made from
CORNMEAL玉米粉面包
corn chip /'/ n AmE crushed corn formed into a bite-sized
flat piece and fried (FRY), often eaten as a SNACK, especially
with a DIP2(3)【美】〔作为小吃的〕炸玉米片
corn cir·cle /'，·/ — see 参见 CROP CIRCLE
corn·cob /`korn kab; 'ko:nkob/ also 又作 cob - n the woody
central part of an ear of CORN1(2). PIPEs1(2) are sometimes
made from corncobs, and in the US corncob pipes are thought
of as being used by poor people who live in country areas. 玉
米穗轴〔有些烟斗是由玉米穗轴做成的。在美国玉米穗轴烟斗被认
0383
为是乡下的穷人用的)
corn·crake /`korn, krek 'ko:nkreik/ n a European bird with a
loud sharp cry 秧鸡
corn dog/' / n AmE a FRANKFURTER covered in CORN1 (2)
meal, fried(FRY), and usually served on a stick. Corn dogs are
usually eaten at outdoor shows or sporting events rather than
at home. 【美】玉米热狗〔一般不在家里吃，而是在户外看节目表演
或运动会时吃
corn dol. ly /'. / n a figure made from STRAW, used for
decoration. Corn dollies were originally made in many socie-
ties to give thanks for the HARVEST and to wish luck for the
next year's crop. 〔装饰用的〕稻草人〔在许多地方最初制作的目的
是为了庆祝丰收以及为来年的庄稼祈福
cor. ne. a /kornie; 'ko:nie/ n a strong transparent protective cov er-
ing on the front outer surface of the eye 〔眼球的〕角膜 - -neal
adi
corned beef / kornd `bif; , ko:nd 'bi:f n [U] 1 also 又作 bully
beef BrE a kind of pressed cooked BEEF in tins, which is cheap
to buy and is sometimes thought of as typical army food【英】
罐装咸牛肉〔价格低廉，有时被认为是典型的军队食品〕2AmE
beef which has been completely covered in salt water and
SPICES to preserve it. It has a dark pink colour when cooked
and a taste different from ordinary beef【美】〔用盐水和香料浸
透保存的〕咸牛肉〔煮时呈深粉红色，味道与普通牛肉不同〕：
corned beef and cabbage 咸牛肉煮卷心菜
cor·ne·li·an /kor`niljen; ko:'ni:lien/ also 又作 carnelian-
reddish, reddish-brown, or white stone used in jewellery 红玉
髓，光玉髓（石）
Cor. nell /kor`ngl; ko:'nel/ an important US university in Ithaca. 
New York, which is one of the IVY LEAGUE colleges 康奈尔大
学〔美国的一所著名大学，位于纽约州的伊萨卡，为常春藤联合会
成员〕
cor-ner'/`korna; 'ko:ne/ n 1 [(of)] (the inside or outside of
the point at which two lines, edges, surfaces, roads etc meet
角；拐角处；角落：I hit my knee on the corner of the table. 我的
膝盖碰到了桌子角。| The number's in the top left-hand cor-
ner of the page. 号码在这页的左上角。| There's a telephone
at the corner of the street. 这条街的拐角有电话。| Out of the
corner of my eye, I saw them sneaking out of the room. 我从
眼角瞟过去，看到他们从房间里溜走了。| They live just round
the corner. (=very near)他们就住在附近。| (fig. 喻) Politi-
cians are always telling us that better times are just round
the corner. (=coming soon)政客们总是对我们说，好时光很快
就要来临。| (fig. 喻) The company has been through a bad
period but I think we've now turned the corner. (=the situa
tion is improving)公司经历了一段困难时期，但我认为现在我们
的情况正在好转。 — see also 参见 CORNER SHOP 2 [(of] a part
of the world, especially a distant one 天涯海角；远方：People
came from all four corners of the world (=from every country)
to see the Olympic Games. 人们从世界各地前来观看奥运会。
They live in a remote corner of England. 他们住在英国一个偏
远的地方。3 a difficult or threatening position from which it is
difficult to escape 困境，绝路：They've forced me into a corner:
I'm going to have to give them what they want. 他们把我逼
得走投无路，因此他们现在要什么我就得给他们什么。|The
champion's in a tight corner here; it looks as if he's going to
lose the game. 这位冠军处境困难，看来他将会输掉这场比赛。4
also 又作 corner kick /'. / - (in football) a kick taken from
the corner of the field 〔足球赛)角球：They scored from a corner
他们踢角球得分。5 [(on) usually sing. 一般用单数] a position
of complete control over the supply of certain goods 垄断：
They're trying to establish a corner on the silver market. 他
们企图垄断白银市场。6 corner of a foreign field a phrase from
a poem by Rupert Brooke 异乡的某个角落〔鲁珀特·布鲁克所作
的诗句) — see also 另见 ENGLAND 7 -cornered /-`korna-d; 
'ko:ned/ having the stated number or kind of corners 有·. 角
的：a three-cornered hat 三角帽 | (fig. 喻) The election was a
three-cornered fight. (=with three parties competing against
each other) 选举是一场三角斗争。 — see also 另见 HOLE-AND-
CORNER, cut corners (CUT1 (23) 8 back someone into a cor
her also 又作 paint, force, box etc someone into a corner to
put someone into a difficult situation in which they do not have
any choices about what to do (often used in business and
politics)置某人于绝境（常用于商业或政治） ：Backing them into
a corner and trying to make them accept the deal isn't going
to work. 把他们逼上绝路并试图让他们接受协议是行不通的。
When Mel's forced into a corner, he'll take a high-risk
gamble. 梅尔要是被逼得走投无路就会孤注一掷。| It looks like
the writers of the hot new drama series have painted them-
selves into a corner by killing off their most popular charac-
ter in the third show. 在第三集中最受人欢迎的人物被杀，热门
的新连续剧作者似乎都把自己逼上了绝路。9 fight your corner
BrE【英】also 又作 fight someone's corner to try very hard to
defend yourself and get advantages for yourself in an official
discussion or argument, or to do this for someone else〔正式辩
论或谈判中〕为某人力争有利条件：Management will find that
we are fully capable of fighting our corner, and securing a
fir deal for our union members. 管理层将会发现我们完全有
能力争得优势，并为我们的工会成员取得公正的待遇。| The
majority of patients suffering from mental illnesses have no
one to fight their corner and make sure their voices are heard. 
没有人为大多数精神病人争取有利条件并让人听见他们的呼声
10 cut corners to save time, money, or energy by doing things
quickly and not as carefully as you should〔为节约时间、金钱、
精力而不按常规〕用简便的方法办事：Some laboratories are
starting to cut corners to save money, but the test results may
not be reliable. 有些实验室正开始为省钱而走捷径，但实验结果
也许不可靠。| I was trying to cut corners by not renewing my
insurance policy, but this fire has ruined me. 我试图省事而没
有续保单，但这场火灾使我倾家荡产
corner2v1 [T] to force (a person or animal) into a difficult or
threatening position 把〔人或动物)逼入困境：He fought like a
cornered animal. 他作困兽之斗。2 [T] to gain control of (the
supply of certain goods)垄断：They're buying all the wheat
they can get hold of, because they're trying to corner the
—n:
market. 他们买进他们能得到的所有小麦，因为他们企图垄断市
场。3 [I] (of a vehicle, driver etc) to turn a corner 〔车辆、司机
等)转弯：My car corners well even in wet weather. 即使在下
雨天，我的车子转弯也转得很好
corner shop /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖ convenience food store AmE
【美】- n a small shop, usually but not always on a corner. 
which may sell almost any small items, such as food, cigarettes, 
alcohol, and other things needed every day. Corner shops are
usually open for longer hours than other shops. 街头小店，便利
店〔营业时间通常比其他店长〕
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK many corner
shops are owned and run by Indian or Pakistani families. 
In the US, convenience stores are usually part of a group
of shops owned by a company. In both countries the shops
are open earlier and closed later than most other shops. 在
英国，许多街头小店由印度人或巴基斯坦人家庭所拥有和经
营。在美国，便利店通常属于某一公司连锁经营的店铺。在这
两个国家里，此类商店要比大部分其他商店早开门晚下班。
cor. ner. stone /korne ston: 'ko:nesteun/ n [(of)] 1 a stone set
at one of the bottom corners of a building, often put in place at
a special ceremony 基石；奠基石：The mayor laid the corner-
stone of the new library. 市长为新图书馆奠基。2 something
of first importance, on which everything else is based 基础；基
本：Wage control is the cornerstone of the government's eco
nomic policy. 控制工资是政府经济政策的基础。 — compare 比
较 FOUNDATION STONE
cor. net /`kornit; 'ko:nt/ n 1 a small brass musical instrument
like a TRUMPET 短号 2 BrE for【英】= CONE (4)
Cor-netto /kor`nto; ko:'neteu/ trademark a type of ICE CREAM
made by the British company WALL'S. It consists of a CORNET
which contains ice cream with chocolate or fruit and nuts. 【商
标】“可爱多”蛋卷冰淇淋〔由英国的和路雪公司制造，内有巧克力
或果粒和果仁〕
corn ex·change /'，/ n a place where corn is, or was formerly. 
bought and sold 谷物交易市场
corn-flakes /`korn fleks; 'ko:nfleiks/ n [P] small flat pieces of
crushed CORN'(2), eaten at breakfast with milk and sugar. It is
a standard breakfast food in both Britain and the US. 玉米片
〔通常加牛奶和糖在早餐时吃，在英国和美国都是一种标准的早餐
食品〕
corn-flour /`kornflaue; 'ko:nflaue/ BrE【英】‖ cornstarch AmE
【美】- n[U] fine white flour made from crushed CORN1(2), 
rice, or other grain, used in cooking to thicken liquids （精磨）
玉米粉，玉米面；谷粉〔稻米或其他谷物制成的粉〕
corn-flow·er /`korn flaue; 'ko:nflaue'/ n a small wild Euro-
pean plant sometimes grown in gardens for its blue flowers
车菊：cornflower-blue eyes 像矢车菊一样蓝色的眼睛
cor. nice /kornis; 'ko:ns/ n a decorative border at the top edge
of the front of a building or PILLAR or round the top inside
edges of the walls in a room 上楣，飞檐〔墙或柱顶部突出的装
饰〕
cor-niche /kor`nif; ko:'ni:f/ n a road built along a coast 〔沿海岸
修筑的〕滨海路
0384
corn. i. ly /`kornili; 'ko:nli/ adv in a CORNY way 平淡地；过时
地，陈旧地
corn. i. ness /korninis; 'ko:nins/n the condition of being CORNY
平淡；陈旧，过时
Corn-ing Ware /kornin war; 'ko:nin wee/ trademark a type
of US glass, usually white, which does not break easily and is
used for making pots, pans, and baking dishes. It can safely be
put into a hot OVEN or MICROWAVE. 【商标】“科宁”器皿〔美国
的一种玻璃器皿，通常为白色，不易碎，用于制造壶、锅以及烤盘，
可安全地置入热烤箱或微波炉内〕
Cor. nish1/kornif; 'ko:nif/ adj from or connected with Cornwall
in the southwest of England〔英格兰西南部)康沃尔郡的：the
Cornish coast 康沃尔郡的海岸|Cornish miners 康沃尔郡的
矿工
Cornish2n [U] an ancient CELTIC language that was spoken in
Cornwall, in the southwest of England until the 18th century
康沃尔语〔18世纪之前，在英格兰西南部康沃尔郡内所使用的古凯
尔特语〕
Cornish pas. ty /，. / n in the UK, a folded piece of baked
PASTRY, usually for one person to eat, which contains small
pieces of meat, potato, and other vegetables〔英国的)康沃尔馅
饼
Corn Laws, the /'/ laws in Britain in the 19th century con-
trolling the price of foreign corn, and making it more expen-
sive than corn produced in Britain. This protected British farm-
ers from competition, but hurt the ordinary people, and after
much protest, the laws were changed in 1846. 《谷物法》〔19世
纪英国控制进口谷物价格并使之高于英国原产谷物价格的法律。
这保护了英国农民免受竞争冲击，但损害了普通老百姓的利益。经
多次抗议，该法律于1846年被废除)
corn liq. uor /'·/ also 又作 corn whiskey - n [U] AmE a
kind of WHISKY (alcoholic drink)made from CORN1(2)【美】玉
米威士忌酒
corn. meal /`kornmil; 'ko:nmi:l/ n [U] flour made from MAIZE. 
It is usually yellow in colour and is used to make CORN BREAD
and many other foods. 玉米粉〔通常为黄色，用来制作玉米粉面
包及其他许多食品〕
corn on the cob /. / n the woody central part of an ear of
CORN1(2) and the eatable pieces of corn which grow in rows
along it. It is popular with British people as a first course in a
meal. In the US it is eaten with the main part of the meal as a
vegetable, and is often eaten on the Fourth of July. 小玉米（棒）
〔英国人喜欢将它作为第一道菜，在美国则作为配主菜的蔬菜，常
常在7月4日独立日那天吃〕
corn pone /korn pon; 'ko:n peun/ n [U] a kind of bread made
from CORN1(2), eaten especially in the South〔美国南方人吃
的〕玉米饼
corn. row /kornro; 'ko:nreu/ n a hairstyle worn especially by
people of West Indian and West African origin in which the
hair is put into small tight PLAITS in lines along the head〔尤指
西印度群岛及西非人的后裔的〕“玉米垄”发式〔即将头发编成一排
排小而紧的辫子〕
corn-starch /`korn, startf; 'ko:nsta:tf/ n AmE for【美】=CORN-
FLOUR
corn syr. up /'. ·/ n [U] AmE a very sweet thick liquid (SYRUP)
made from CORN1(2) and used in cooking【美】〔烹调用的)玉
米糖浆：Add a tablespoon of light corn syrup. 加一大汤匙淡玉
米糖浆。
cor. nu. co. pi. a /，kornekopie; ko:nj'keupie/ also 又作 horn
of plenty - n a horn-shaped decorative container full of fruit, 
flowers, grain etc, used as a SYMBOL of having plenty of ev-
erything丰饶角（饰），羊角状盛器〔角状饰物，为一羊角状容器，
内盛水果、花、谷物等作为富足丰饶的象征)：After she reached
the White House, the First Lady would wear only American
designers in public, a decision which opened a cornucopia
for Nancy. During her eight years there, she would accept
designer goods worth more than $I m. 第一夫人入主白宫后，
在公众场合只穿美国设计师的服装，这一决定为南希广开财源。在
白宫的8年间，她接受了价值超过100万美元、由专门设计师设计
的服装。
Corn-wall /kornwol; 'ko:nwo:l/ a COUNTY in SW England which
is a popular place for tourists and for people who enjoy the
sport of surfing (SURF). It used to have a lot of tin mines. 
Cornwall includes LAND'S END and the Isles of SCILLY 康沃尔
〔英格兰西南一郡，深受旅游者和冲浪爱好者的欢迎。过去那里有
许多锡矿。该郡包括兰兹角和锡利群岛〕—Cornish adj:Cor-
nish ice cream 康沃尔式冰淇淋 — see colour map on page Al
参见A1页彩色地图
Corn. wal. lis /korn`walis; ko:n'wols/, Lord Charles(1738-
1805)a British military leader who was in charge of the Brit-
ish army during the AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR. He later
became Governor-General of India. 康华里((1738-1805)，英
国军事领导人。美国独立战争期间统率英国军队，后来成为印度总
督〕
corn. y /korni; 'ko:ni/ adj infml having no original, interesting, 
or exciting qualities; too simple, old-fashioned, and familiar
【非正式】平淡的；过时的，陈旧的：a corny joke/story老生常谈
的笑话[故事] — see also 另见 CORNILY
co. rol. la. ry /kore lari; ke'roleri/ n fml something, such as a
statement or course of action, that naturally follows from some-
thing else【正式】必然的结果；必然会有的推论：The government
wants to spend more on defence; but the corollary of that
argument is that they want to spend less on everything else. 
政府要在防务上多花些钱，但是按此论点推论的结果是，他们在所
有其他事情上就要少花钱。
co. ro. na /ke`rone; ke'reune/ n -nas or -nae /-ni; -ni:/ the shin-
ing circle of light seen round the sun when the moon passes in
front of it in an ECLIPSE日冕
Corona trademark a type of Mexican beer, sold especially in
the US and also available in the UK【商标】“科罗娜”牌啤酒〔一
种墨西哥啤酒〕
cor. o. na. ry1/kore nari; 'koreneri/ adjmed of the heart【医】心
脏的：coronary heart disease冠状动脉心脏病
coronary2 also 又作 coronary throm·bo·sis /，. ·. . ·/ fml【正
式】- n infml the stopping of the blood supply to the heart, 
causing a HEART ATTACK【非正式】冠状动脉血栓（形成） ：He had/
suffered a massive coronary and died instantly. 他突发大面
积冠状动脉血栓，顷刻就死了。—compare比较STROKE2(3)
cor. o. na. tion /，kare`nefen; , kore'neifan/ n the ceremony at
which a king or queen is crowned. In Britain, this is held in
Westminster Abbey. The occasion at which the present king
or queen was crowned (which in the case of Queen Elizabeth
II took place in 1953) is known as the Coronation. 加冕典礼
〔在英国，加冕典礼于西敏寺教堂举行，国王或女王的加冕典礼称
the Coronation。女王伊丽莎白二世是在1953年加冕的)
Coronation Street /. '. / one of the most popular programmes
on British television, which has been shown continuously since
1960. It is a SOAP OPERA set in an industrial city in northern
England and its characters are working-class people who live
in a street called Coronation Street. Some of its best-known
in a street called Coronation Street. Some of its best-known
characters have been Ena Sharples and Bet Lynch. People
sometimes informally call it‘Corrie'. 《街头巷尾》，又译《加冕
街》，《舰队街》〔英国最受欢迎的电视节目之一，自1960年连续播
出至今。这是一部以英格兰北部一工业城市为背景的肥皂剧，其人
物都是住在一条叫加冕街上的工人阶级。最出名的人物有埃娜·沙
普尔斯和贝特·林奇。人们有时非正式地称该剧为“Corrie”〕
cor. o. ner /korene; 'korene/ n a public official who holds in-
quiries into the cause of a person's death, especially if the death
is not clearly the result of natural causes〔调查死因的)验尸官
 — see also另见 INQUEST
cor. o. net /korenit; 'korent/ n 1 a small crown usually worn
by princes or members of noble families〔王子或贵族所戴的〕
小冠冕 2 any crownlike decoration for the head 冠状头饰：a
coronet of flowers 花环
corp. /korp; ko:p/ abbrev. for 缩写=1 CORPORATION 2 CORPO-
RAL2
cor. po. ra /korpere; 'ko:pere/ pl. of CORPUS
cor. po. ral1 /`korperel; 'ko:parel/ adj [A] fml of the body; 
physical【正式】肉体的；身体的
corporal2n an army or air force rank下士— see 参见 TABLE 3
corporal pun. ish. ment /. . . / n [U] the practice of hitting
someone as a method of official punishment体罚；肉刑
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Corporal punishment is
now illegal in schools in the US and the UK. In the past, 
boys used to be punished in this way more often than girls. 
They were usually hit on the hand or BUTTOCKS with a
strap(=long thin piece of leather) or belt, a CANE BrE(=a
long thin stick), or a PADDLE AmE(=a piece of wood with
a handle). 现在，在美国和英国的学校中体罚是非法的。过去，
男学童受体罚的次数比女学童多。他们通常被皮带或带子、藤
条或扁条杖抽打手或臀部。
cor·po. rate /korperit; 'ko:part/ adj1 of, belonging to, or shared
by all the members of a group; COLLECTIVE团体的；全体的：
corporate responsibility 集体责任 2 [A] of or belonging to a
corporation 公司的，法人的：The company is concerned about
its corporate image. (=the way it is regarded by the public)这
家公司关心它自身的形象。| The bank has both individual and
corporate customers. 这家银行既有个人主顾也有公司主顾。|
0385
a key feature of our long-term corporate planning 我们的公
司长期规划的一项主要特征3[A] forming a single body 合为
一体的，社团的：The university is a corporate body formed from
severai different colleges. 这所大学是由几个不同学院合在一
起组成的。 — ~ly adv
corporate hos. pi. tal. i. ty /. ·. . . / n [U] the entertaining of
its customers by a company, by giving them special meals
drinks etc, in pleasant surroundings, e. g. at a theatre or at a
sporting event 公司对客户的招待
cor·po. ra·tion /korpe`refen; ko:pe'reifan/n [C+sing. /pl. v
1 a group of people who are permitted by law to act as a single
unit, especially for purposes of business, with rights and du-
ties separate from those of its members 法人：社团：公司：Mary
works for a large American corporation. 玛丽为一家美国大
公司工作。| a multinational corporation 跨国公司| the Brit
ish Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 2 BrE a town
COUNCIL【英】市镇当局：市议会：The corporation has/have
closed the road. 市政当局封闭了这条道路
corporation tax /··/ n [U] a tax paid by all companies in
Britain and the US〔英、美两国所有公司都要缴纳的〕公司税，法
人税
cor·po·re·al /kor`poriel; ko:'po:riel/ adj fml【正式】1 of or for
the body as opposed to the spirit 身体的，肉体的：corporeal
needs such as food 各种肉体的需要，如需要食物 2 that can be
touched; material; physical 物质的；有形的 — ~ly ady
corps /kor; ko:/ n corps /korz; ko:z/ [C+sing. /pl. v] 1 (often
cap. 常用大写)a trained army group with special duties and
responsibilities 特种部队；特殊兵种：the medical corps医疗部
队 2 (often cap. 常用大写) a branch of the army equal in size
to two DIVISIONS 军 （团）（等于两个师） 3 a group of people united
in the same activity 共同工作或活动的一群人：the President's
press corps 总统的记者团
corps de bal-let /kor de bae`le; ko: de 'baelei/ n [C+sing. /pl
v]Fr BALLET(3)【法】芭蕾舞团
corpse /korps; ko:ps/ n a dead body, especially of a person
This word is either used formally, e. g. by police officers o
doctors, or in plays and stories about murders. A more usual
expression would be simply 'a body'. 〔尤指人的)尸体〔该词用
于正式场合，如警察和医生使用，或用于讲述凶杀案的戏剧和故事
中。body是更常用的说法
cor. pu. lent /korpjelent; 'ko:pjlent/ adj euph (of a person) very
fat【婉】肥胖的；臃肿的 -- -lence n [U]
cor. pus /`korpes; 'ko:pes/ n corpora /`korpere; 'ko:pere/ or
corpuses a collection a of all the writings of a special kind, or
by a certain person 全集：the corpus of Shakespeare's works
莎士比亚全集 b of material or information for study 一批资料；
词库，资料库：The dictionary is based on a corpus of 10, 000, 000
words taken from books and newspapers in English. 该词典
是根据英文书籍和报刊中的1000万单词的语料库编成的
Cor·pus Chris. ti'/ korpes `kristi: ko:pes 'kristi/ also 又作 the
Feast of Corpus Christi a holy day in the Roman Catholic
Church, when the SACRAMENT (=the holy bread eaten at the
Eucharist) is carried in a PROCESSION. Corpus Christi is Latin
for 'the Body of Christ'. (天主教的)圣体节
Corpus Christi2 a city in SE Texas on the Gulf of Mexico 科珀
斯克里斯蒂〔得克萨斯州东南部一城市，临墨西哥湾〕
cor·pus. cle /korpesl; 'ko:pesal/ n any of the red or white cells
in the blood 血球，血细胞
cor. ral1 /ke`rael; ko'ra:l/ n an enclosed area, especially in N
America, where cattle, horses etc are kept〔尤指北美关牛马等
的〕畜栏
corral2ν -ll- [T] to drive (animals) into a corral 把〔动物〕赶入
畜栏：(fig. 喻) They corralled the protesters and kept them
away from the`President's car. 他们把抗议者赶到一边，使他
们不能靠近总统的汽车
*cor. rect1/ke`rekt; ke'rekt/ adj 1 based on or in accordance with
the truth or the facts; right; without mistakes 正确的，无误的：a
correct answer 正确的答案| correct spelling 正确的拼写| I
these predictions turn out to be correct, the company is go
ing to have a very good year, 假如这些预测最终证明是正确的, 
公司将有一个非常好的年头。2 following approved or established
standards of manners, action etc〔礼貌、行为等〕合乎礼节的；得
体的：correct behaviour 正当得体的行为 | Make sure that these
papers are processed according to the correct procedures
定要按照正确的程序处理这些文件。| His behaviour in pub-
lic is always terribly correct-I wonder if he ever makes a
joke. 他在公众场合的举止总是非常合乎礼节——我怀疑他是否
会开玩笑。 — opposite 反义词 incorrect — ~ly adv — ~ness n
[U]
correct2ν [T] 1 to make or set right 改正；纠正：Correct my
pronunciation if it's wrong. 如果我的发音错了，请予以纠正。
These spectacles will correct her eyesight defect. 这副眼镜能
矫正她的视力缺陷。| They issued a new statement correcting
te errors that had apnearec in the earlier one, 他们发表一项
新的声明，更正上次声明中的错误。2(of a teacher) to show the
mistakes in〔教师〕改正··中的错误；批改：I've been correcting
te kids' homework for hours. 我批改孩子们的家庭作业已有
数小时之久了。3 old-fash to punish in order to improve the
behaviour of【过时】惩治
cor·rec·tion /ke`rkfen; ke'rekfan/ n 1 [U] the act of correct-
ing 改正，纠正 2 [C] a change that corrects something 修改；纠
正〔某事)：Teachers usually make corrections in red ink. 教
师通常用红笔改作业。3[U] old-fash punishment【过时】惩罚：
They sent him to a house of correction. (=prison) 他们把他送
进了劳教所
correctional fa-cil·i·ty /·'··，·/ n AmE tech or euph prisor
【美，术语或婉】监狱
correction fluid /·'· ，·/ also 又作 correcting fluid — n [U] a
special white liquid in a bottle or a pen which is put over a
written mistake so that you can write in that place again 〔覆盖
书写错误用的〕修正液，涂改液
cor-rec·ti·tude /ke`rekte, tjud; ke'rektatju:d/n [U] fml or pomp
correctness of behaviour【正式或夸张】〔行为的〕正当，端正
cor·rec·tive /ke`raktiv; ke'rektiv/ adj, n fml (something) in
tended to correct【正式】改正的；矫正的（事物）；纠正物； correc-
tive measures/treatment 纠正措施；矫正疗法 — ~ly adv
cor-rel-ate1 /kore let; 'korleit/ v [I; T(with)] to (show to) have
a close shared relationship or connection of cause and effect
使相互关联：（显示）有相互关系，有因果关系：They are trying to
find out if these behaviour patterns correlate with particular
changes in diet. 他们试图发现这些行为模式是否同饮食的特殊
变化有关。| Smoking and lung cancer are closely correlated
吸烟与肺癌密切相关。
cor-rel-ate2 /`kore let; 'korlt/ n either of two things that cor-
relate with each other 相互关联的事物之
cor·re·la·tion /kore`lefen; kor'leifan/ n1 [C(between)]a
shared relationship or connection of cause and effect 相互关
系；关联：a high correlation between unemployment and crime
失业与犯罪的密切关系 2 [U (of)] fml the act of correlating【正
式】相关
cor·rel·a·tive /ke`raletiv; ke'reletiv/ adj, n 1 fml (any of two or
more things that are) naturally related【正式】相关的（事物）
2 tech(either of two words) regularly used together but rarely
used next to each other【术语】关联的 （词） ：‘Either' and ‘or
are correlative conjunctions. “either”和“or”是关联连词。
cor·re·spond /kore`spand; kpr'sppnd/ v [I] 1 [(with, to)] to
be in agreement; match; be CONSISTENT (with) or EQUIVALENT
(to)符合；相一致；相当：The problem is that what she says
doesn't correspond with what she does. 问题是她言行不一。
The contents of the box must correspond to the description
on the label. 盒内的东西必须和标签上的说明相符。2 [(with)
to exchange letters regularly. This word is used of personal
letters, but is more formal than saying that people wrote to
each other. 通信〔该词用于指个人之间的经常通信，但较为正式〕：
Janet and Bob corresponded (with each other) for many years. 
珍妮特和鲍勃（相互）通信多年
cor·re·spon-dence /kore`spandens; kpr'sppndens/ n IS: U
(between, with)] 1 the act of exchanging letters 通信 2 the
letters exchanged between people 〔来往的〕信件：The library
bought all the correspondence between Queen Victoria and
her daughters. 图书馆买下了维多利亚女王和她的女儿们的所有
来往信件。3 a state or case of corresponding; agreement be-
tween particular things 符合；一致
correspondence course /··，/ n a set of lessons, often lead. 
ing to a degree, in which the student works at home and re-
ceives lessons by mail 函授课程； I'm doing/taking a corre
spondence course in business studies. 我正修读一门商业函授
课程。
cor·re·spon. dent1/, kore`spandent; , kor'spondent/n 1 a per
son with whom another person exchanges letters regularly通
信者 2 someone employed by a newspaper, television etc to
report news from a particular area or on a particular subject新
闻记者：a war correspondent 战地通讯记者| Here is a report
from our environment correspondent. 以下是我们的环境问题
记者的报道。 — compare 比较 CORESPONDENT
correspondent2 adj [(with)] fml in agreement; matching; 
corresponding【正式】符合的；一致的；相当的：The election
re
sult was correspondent with the government's wishes in the
matter. 选举的结果与政府在这个问题上的愿望一致
cor·re·spon. ding /kore`spandin; kor'spondin√ adj [A]
0386
matching or related 相应的；相当的；一致的；对等的：There has
been a decline in the value of the pound and a corresponding
increase in the strength of the dollar. 英镑的价值下跌，而美元
相应增值。| Profits for the first three months are 50% higher
than in the corresponding period of last year. 头3个月的利润
比去年同期高50%。 — ~ly adv
cor-ri·dor /korede: 'kprado:/n 1 a passage, especially between
two rows of rooms 通道；走廊：Room 101 is at the end of the
corridor. 101号房间在走廊的尽头。| a corridor train通廊列
车〔一边是走廊，另一边是包房的火车〕|(fig. 喻)the corridors
of power (=the places where government decisions are made)
权力走廊〔政府决策场所)2 a narrow piece of land (or air space)
that passes through a foreign country〔经过他国的)走廊；地带
the Polish Corridor (to the sea) （通往海上的）波兰走廊 — see
also 另见 NORTHEAST CORRIDOR
cor·ri·gen. dum /kori`d3endem; kor'd3endem/n-da /-de; -de/
tech something (to be) made correct, especially in a printed
book【术语】〔尤指书籍中〕需改正之处
cor·rob. o. rate /ke`rabe, ret; ke'robereit/ v [T] to support or
strengthen (a statement, opinion, idea etc) by fresh informa-
tion or proof〔以新的资料或证明〕支持或加强〔声明、意见、主张
等)：Someone who saw the accident corroborated the driver's
statement. 一个车祸的目击者证实了司机的陈述。- -rator n -
-ration /kerabe`refen; ke, rpbe'reifan/ n [U] - -rative /ke-
rabe, retiv; ke'roberetiv/ adj: corroborative evidence 助证
cor·rode /ke`rod; ke'reud/ v [I; T (AWAY)] to (cause to) be
come worn away or be gradually destroyed, especially by
chemical action over a long period （使）腐蚀；侵蚀：Water cor
rodes metal. 水腐蚀金属。| The machine doesn't work be
cause the electrical contacts have corroded. 机器不能运转，
因为电路接头已经腐蚀。一 compare 比较 ERODE
cor·ro·sion /ke`ro3en; ke'reu3en/ n [U] 1 the process of cor-
roding 腐蚀；侵蚀：If any of the acid leaks it may cause
corrosion. 这种酸如果有任何渗漏, 就会造成腐蚀。| (fig. 喻)
te corrosion of moral standards_道德标准的逐渐丧失 2 a
substance, such as RUST, produced by this process 腐蚀生成之
物<如锈>：corrosion on the car body 车身上的锈蚀
cor·ro·sive /ke`rosiy; ke'reusiy/ adj1 able to corrode 腐蚀性
的；侵蚀性的：Danger! Corrosive material!危险！腐蚀性物质！
 — opposite 反义词 noncorrosive 2 gradually weakening or
destroying society, a person's feelings etc〔对社会、个人情感
等)有害的，逐步起损害作用的：the corrosive influence of mass
unemployment 大量失业带来的有害影响| corrosive feelings
of bitterness 伤神的悲痛感情 3 (of language) very fierce〔语
言〕激烈的，刻薄的：a corrosive attack on the government 对
政府的激烈抨击 — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
cor-ru·gated /kore getid: 'kpregeitd/ adi formed in rows of
wavelike folds 起皱的，波纹的；有瓦楞的：Sheets of corrugated
iron are often used for roofs and fences. 瓦楞铁皮常用于屋顶
和篱笆。|(fig. 喻)a corrugated brow 皱起的眉
cor·ru·ga·tion /kore`gefen; kpre'geifan/ n a fold in a corru
gated surface〔波纹形表面的〕皱折；波纹
cor. rupt' /ke`rvpt; ke'rvpt/ adj 1 practising or marked by the
dishonest and improper use of your power or position, e. g. to
make money illegally 贪污受贿的，腐败的：a corrupt judge 贪
赃舞弊的法官| corrupt officials in the passport office 护照办
公室里接受贿赂的官员2morally wicked 有伤风化的：邪恶的，
起腐化作用的：corrupt pornographic writings 有伤风化的色
情文章 3 containing mistakes; different from the original 多讹
误的：面目全非的； a corrupt text 错误百出的文本 — ~ly ady -
~ness n [U]
corrupt2v [T] 1 to cause to become morally bad; change from
good to bad 使道德败坏；使腐败：Do you think young people
are corrupted by big city life?你认为大城市的生活会使年轻
人道德败坏吗？| corrupted by power 因权力在手而（变得）腐
败 2 to change the original form of (a language, set of teach-
ings etc) in a bad way 破坏〔一种语言、学说等)的本来面目：Has
English been corrunted by the introduction of foreign words?
英语是否已被外来语词汇弄得面目全非了？ — see also 另见
power tends to corrupt. (POWER1 (13) — ~ible adj
ibility /ke, rapte`bileti; ke, rapt'bilati/ n [U]
cor. rup. tion /ke`rvpfen; ke'rvpfan/ n 1 [U] the act or process
of corrupting 道德败坏；堕落 2 [U] a dishonesty, especially by
people in positions of power 贪污；贿赂；受贿；腐败：The new
military rulers said that the previous government had been
riddled with(=full of) corruption, 新的军事统治者说，前政府
腐败透顶。b immoral behaviour; being corrupt 败坏；腐化：the
corruption of the ancient Roman court 古罗马宫廷的腐化 3
C(of) usually sing. 一般用单数] a form of something, such as
a word, that is changed from its correct or original form 讹误；
失去本来面目：The word 'Thursday'is a corruption of
Thor's Day. Thursday 是 Thor's Day 的讹用。
cor·sage /kor`sa3; ko:'sa:3/ n a small bunch of flowers worn
by a woman at the neck or waist, usually only on very formal
occasions〔饰于女服腰部或颈部的〕装饰花束〔一般仅用于非常正
式场合) — compare 比较NOSEGAY
cor. sair /korser; 'ko:see'/ n a PIRATE or pirate ship from N Af-
rica that used to stop and rob ships in former times〔古代北非
的〕海盗；海盗船
corse /kors; ko:s/ n old use or poet for【旧或诗】= CORPSE
corse-let /`korslit; 'ko:slt/ n a piece of armour worn in former
times on the upper part of the body, but not usually covering
the arms 甲胄；胸甲
cor·set /`'korsit; 'ko:st/ also 又作 corsets pl. - BrE【英】‖ girdle
AmE【美】- n a very tight-fitting article of UNDERWEAR worn. 
especially by women, to give shape to the waist and HIPS. Cor-
sets are now worn only by older women. (尤指妇女穿的〕紧身
褡〔以保持腰及臀部之曲线，现在只有老年妇女还在使用〕 — ~ed
adi
Cor-si-ca /korsike; 'ko:sike/ a large island to the south of France
in the Mediterranean Sea, where NAPOLEON was born. Corsica
belongs to France, but some of the people there want to have a
separate government. 科西嘉岛〔地中海上一大岛, 临法国南部, 
为拿破仑的出生地。该岛属于法国，但有些当地居民想建立独立政
府〕 - Corsican n, adj
cor-tege, -tege /kor`te3; ko:'ter3/ n fml a procession following
the dead body at a funeral, usually the funeral of a very impor-
tant person【正式】〔一般为极重要人物的〕送葬行列
Cortes /kor`tez; 'ko:tez/, Her. nan /h3`naen; h3:'naen/ or
Her·nan·do /h3`naendo; h3:'naendeu/(1485-1547) a Spanish
soldier and CONOUISTADOR, who defeated the AZTECS in 1521
and took control of Mexico for Spain 科尔特斯〔 (1485-1547) ，
西班牙军事家和征服者，1521年打败阿兹特克人并为西班牙夺得
墨西哥的控制权〕
cor·tex /kortaks; 'ko:teks/ n-tices /-tesiz; -tsi:z/ tech the outer
covering of something, especially of the brain【术语】皮层；皮
质；〔尤指〕脑皮层 - -tical /`kortikl; 'ko:tikel/ adj
cor·ti·sone /`korti son; 'ko:tzeun/ n [U] a powerful substance
used especially in treating RHEUMATIC diseases 可的松〔用于
风湿症的治疗剂〕
co·run·dum /ke`rvndem; ke'rvndem/n [U] a very hard mineral
used in powder form for polishing and sharpening tools金刚
砂（磨料）
cor·us. cate /`kores ket; 'kpreskeit/ v [I] fml to flash; SPARKLE
【正式】闪光；闪烁：a coruscating jewel 闪亮的珠宝 |(fig. 喻)
coruscating wit才华横溢 - -cation / kore`skefen; kore'skeifan/
n[U]
cor·vette /kor`vet; ko:'vet/ n tech a small fast warship used for
protecting other ships from attack【术语】小型护卫舰
cos'/kez; kez/ conj nonstandard because【不规范】因为 — see
also 另见 COS LETTUCE
cos2 /kas; kps/ abbrev. for 缩写= COSINE
Co. sa Nos. tra /kose `nostre; keuze 'nostre/ another name for
the MAFIA (=a secret criminal organization) in the US“我们的
事业”〔美国黑手党的别称〕
Cos·by /`kazbi: 'kpzbi/, Bill (1937- ) a US actor and COME-
DIAN known especially for the television programme The Cosby
Show, and for being the first black actor to appear regularly as
an important character in a US television programme in the
1960s科斯比〔(1937-)，美国演员和喜剧表演家，尤以电视节目
《科斯比节目》及20世纪60年代在美国电视节目中固定担任重要
角色的首位黑人演员而闻名〕
Cosby Show, The /'. ，/ a humorous US television programme
about a MIDDLE-CLASS black family called the Huxtables. The
character of Dr. Huxtable. the father is plaved by bill cosby
and the programme was especially popular in the 1980s and
early 1990s. 《科斯比节目》〔美国电视喜剧片，讲述一户叫做赫克
斯泰布尔的中产阶级黑人家庭。父亲赫克斯泰布尔医生由比尔·科
斯比扮演，该节目在20世纪80年代以及90年代早期尤其受人欢
、
迎〕
Co·sell /'kosel; 'keusel/, How·ard /hauo-d; 'haued/ (1920-)
a US sports COMMENTATOR (=someone on television who de-
scribes a sports game as it is happening) who used to
COMMENTATE on most American football games on television
He was known for having strong opinions and a voice that was
easily recognized. 科塞尔〔(1920-)，美国体育比赛评论员，曾
在电视上为大部分美国橄榄球赛作评论，他以鲜明的观点以及个性
突出的声音著称〕
cosh1 /kaf; kof/ BrE【英】‖ blackjack, sap AmE【美】- n infml
a short heavy metal pipe or filled rubber tube used as a weapon
0387
【非正式】〔作武器用的〕金属管短棒；实心橡胶短棒：They were
arrested for possession of two guns and a cosh. 他们因持有两
枝枪和一根金属短棒而被捕
cosh2ν [T] infml, especially BrE to hit with a cosh【非正式，尤
英】用短棒打
Co. si fan tut. te /ko si fan `tute; keusi faen 'tuti/ a humorous
OPERA by MOZART in which two men play a trick on the two
sisters they love in order to test whether the women really love
them and will be faithful to them《女人心》〔莫扎特所作的一部
幽默歌剧，剧中两位男士捉弄他们所爱的一双姐妹以考验她们是否
真的爱他们，是否会对他们忠贞
co. sig. na. to. ry /ko`signe, tori; keu'signetari/ n fml a person
signing together with others, often for an organization, coun-
try etc【正式】连署人 [国]：Britain, France, and Germany were
all cosignatories of/to the agreement. 英、法、德都是此协定的
连署国。
co·si·ly /`kozili; 'keuzli/ adv in a COSY' way 温暖舒适地；密切
地
co-sine /`kosain; 'keusain/ n tech the FRACTION (1) calculated
for an angle by dividing the length of the side next to it in a
RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE by the length of the side opposite
the right angle【术语】〔数学的〕余弦 — compare 比较 SINE
TANGENT
co·si·ness /`kozinis; 'keuzins/ n [U] the condition of being
COsY1温暖舒适；密切
cos let·tuce /，kas `lates; kos 'lets/ BrE【英】‖ romaine let
tuce especially AmE【尤美】- n a LETTUCE with long leaves
长叶莴苣；长叶生菜
cos·met·ic1/kaz`matik; koz'metik/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数
any substance, such as a face-cream or body-powder, that is
intended to make the skin or hair more beautiful 化妆品：They
sell lipstick, hair gel, and a whole range of other cosmetics. 
他们出售唇膏、发胶和一系列其他的化妆品。| the cosmetics
industry 化妆品工业| cruelty-free cosmetics 未经动物试验的
化妆品 — see also 另见 MAKE-UP(1)
cosmetic2 adj 1 [A] intended to make the skin or hair more
beautiful 化妆用的；美容的：a cosmetic cream 美容霜 2 derog
dealing only with the outside appearance rather than the cen-
tral part of something; SUPERFICIAL【贬】装门面的：These
changes in the law are purely cosmetic and do nothing to
deal with the real problem. 这些法律上的改变纯粹是装饰门面，
对解决真正的问题毫无作用。| a few cosmetic repairs to the
house对房子门面的稍事装修
cos·me·ti·cian /kazme`tifen; kpzme'tifan/n a person pro
fessionally trained in the use of cosmetics 美容师
cosmetic sur-ge. ry /·· '·/ n [U] medical operations performed
to change a person's appearance, e. g. to improve the shape of
their nose or to enlarge their breasts整容外科手术 — compare
比较 PLASTIC SURGERY
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Cosmetic surgery is more
common in the US than in the UK, but in both places it is
expensive. Some people think that only people who are
VAIN (=too concerned about their physical appearance
have cosmetic surgery. People often make jokes about fa
mous singers, actors etc who are believed to have had a lot
of cosmetic surgery, 在美国整容外科手术要比在英国更普遍，
但在两地都很贵。有人认为只有虚荣心强的人才去做整容外
科手术。人们常拿据信做过多次整容外科手术的著名歌手、演
员等开玩笑
cos. mic /`kazmik; 'kozmik/ adj of or found in space or the uni-
verse 宇宙的：Planets were formed out of cosmic dust. 行星是
由宇宙尘形成的。|(fig. 喻) a scandal of cosmic (=extremely
large) proportions 特大丑闻 — ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
cosmic ray /，· '·/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] a stream of RA·
DIATION reaching the Earth from outer space宇宙（射）线
Cos. mo /`kazmo; 'kozmeu/ an informal name for the maga-
zine COSMOPOLITAN《大都市》〔杂志的非正式名称〕
cos·mog·o·ny /kaz`mageni; koz'mogeni/ n [C; U] fml (a set
of ideas about) the origin of the universe【正式】宇宙的起源；天
体演化（学说）：primitive cosmogonies早期天体演化的学说
cos·mol·o·gy /kaz`maled3i; kpz'mpled3i/ n [U] the science of
the origin and structure of the universe, especially as studied
in ASTRONOMY 宇宙论
cos. mo·naut /kazme, not; 'kozmeno:t/ n a Soviet ASTRONAUT
〔苏联的〕宇航员，太空人
cos. mo. pol·i. tan1/kazme`paletn; 'kozme'poltan/ adj1 con
sisting of people from many different parts of the world 来自
世界各地的：London is a very cosmopolitan city. 伦敦是一个
世界性的城市。2(of a person, belief, opinion etc) not narrow. 
minded; showing wide experience of different people and
places〔人、信仰、观念等〕无偏见的；见识广的：She has a very
cosmopolitan outlook on life. 她对生活有一种超越民族和地域
的广阔眼界。3 tech (of an animal or plant) existing in most
parts of the world【术语】〔动植物〕分布于世界大部分地区的
cosmopolitan2n usually apprec a person who has travelled
widely and feels equally at home everywhere【一般褒】游历四
方的人；四海为家者
Cosmopolitan, Cosmo infml【非正式) a monthly magazine for
women, which is produced in separate EDITIONS in the US, the
UK, and many other countries. It is aimed at young modern
independent women and deals with subjects such as fashion, 
work, and sex. 《大都会》〔女性月刊，在美国、英国以及许多其他
国家有各自的版本。它针对现代年轻独立的女性读者，话题涉及时
尚、工作、性等〕
cos. mos /kazmes; 'kozmos/ n [the+S] the whole universe con-
sidered as an ordered system 宇宙
Cos. sack /`kasaek; 'kosaek/ n a member of a people who lived
on the plains of S Russia and the Ukraine, famous for their
skill at fighting and at riding horses, and for their special way
of dancing with the knees bent, the body low, and the arms
folded in front of the body. 哥萨克人〔居住在俄罗斯南部平原
和乌克兰平原上的一个民族，以战术、骑术以及屈膝蹲身、双臂交
叠胸前的特殊舞蹈方式而闻名) - Cossack adj: Cossack horse-
men 哥萨克骑兵
cos. set /kasit; 'kost/ v-tt- [T] to pay a great deal of attention
to making (a person) comfortable and happy; PAMPER 宠爱；娇
养；纵容：These farmers have been cossetted for years by gen-
erous government subsidies. 多年来政府的慷慨津贴纵容了这
些农民
*cost1/kost; kost/ n 1 [C] the amount of money paid or needed
for buying, doing, or producing something 费用；成本：the high
cost of renting a house in central London 在伦敦市中心租房
的高昂费用 | The students are given ￡150 a year to cover the
cost of books and stationery. 学生每年得到150英镑作为支付
书籍和文具的费用。| High production costs lead to high prices
in the shops. 生产成本高导致商店的价格高。| The cost of po-
licing the demonstration will be met/borne by the local
council. 出动警察监管示威的费用由地方当局负担。[ The dealer
said he would sell me the car at cost. =at the same price he
paid)汽车商说他将按进价把那辆车卖给我。2[C; U] something
needed, given, or lost, in order to obtain something 代价；牺牲：
He saved the children from the fire at the cost of his own life. 
(=but he died) 他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。| We must avoid
war at all costs/whatever the cost. (=it is extremely impor-
tant to avoid war)我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。3 to you
cost from your own unpleasant experience 从不愉快的经历中
得知：As I learned to my cost when I was ill in New York, you
should always take out medical insurance before you go
abroad. 我从自己在纽约生病的痛苦经历中知道，去国外之前，
定得办理好医疗保险手续。 — see also另见COSTS, count the
cost (COUNT'); see 参见 COST2 (USAGE)
cost2v cost 1 [L(+obj)+n] to have (an amount of money) as a
price 价钱为；使付出〔金钱)：a powerful new computer cost
ing over $10, 000价格为10, 000多元的一台新的功能强大的电
脑 | “How much do these shoes cost?” “They cost ￡30. ” “这
双鞋要多少钱？” “30英镑。”|It's costing me a small fortune
(=a lot) to send the children on holiday. 送孩子们去度假花了
我一大笔钱。| Champagne costs the earth. (=is very
expensive) 香槟酒非常昂贵。| High unemployment costs the
government billions of pounds in lost taxes. 高失业率使政府
损失数10亿英镑税收。|(fig. 喻) The mistake cost him his
job. 这项错误使他失去了工作。2 [T no pass. 无被动语态] infml
to be expensive for (someone)【非正式】使花许多钱：It will cost
you to go by train; why not go by bus?乘火车去花钱太多，你
为什么不乘公共汽车去？3[T](past tense & participle 过去式
和过去分词为 costed)to calculate the price to be charged for
(a job, someone's time etc)估计··的成本：The builder costed
the job at ￡150. 建筑商估计这项工程的费用要150英镑。4 cost
an arm and a leg to have a very high or too high price价格昂贵
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 price, cost, and 和
charge. When talking about the money needed to buy a
particular object, the usual word is price. 谈到买一特定物
品需用钱时，普通用词是 price: What is the price of this
watch? （这块表要多少钱？） Cost (n) is like price, but is used
less for objects, and more a for services b for general things. 
名词 cost 与 price 相似，但很少用于物品，更多用于以下情
0388
况：a 服务费：the cost of having the house painted （粉刷房
子的费用) b 和一般费用：the cost of living （生活费用） | the
cost of food （食品费用） . The amount of money you pay
for something is what it costs (v) you. 你买某物所付的钱就
是你为某物花费 (cost) 的钱：How much did this watch cost
you?(这块表你花了多少钱？) The person who is selling
goods or services to you charges you for them. 售货员或
为你服务者为此向你索价 (charge)若干：How much did he
charge you for repairing the car?(修理你的汽车他要了你
多少钱？)Charge (n) means ‘a sum of money demanded. 
especially for allowing someone to do something'. 名词
charge 意指要人支付的一笔钱，尤指准许某人做某事所需支
付的钱：There will be a small charge for admission to the
museum. (参观博物馆要花点入场费。)
Cos. ta /`koste; 'koste/ n BrE used humorously especially ir
newspapers, when describing a place on the coast that has par-
ticular characteristics【英】〔具有某些特征的〕海岸地区〔尤用于
报纸，语气幽默)：the Costa del Crime 罪恶海岸 | The town is
part of the Costa Geriatrica on England's south coast. (=many
old people live there)该镇是英格兰南部老年海岸的一部分
Costa Bra. va, the / koste `brave; koste 'bra:ve/ the part of
the Mediterranean coast in E Spain, between Barcelona and
the border with France. It is a popular place for British tourists
to go for inexpensive holidays. 布拉瓦海岸〔西班牙东部的地中
海沿岸地区，位于巴塞罗那与法国边界之间，是英国旅游人士廉价
的度假胜地〕
Costa del Crime, the / koste del `kraim; koste del 'kraim/a
humorous name for the COSTA DEL SOL in Spain, which is
thought of by some people in the uK as a place where success-
ful British criminals go to live 罪恶海岸〔西班牙太阳海岸的诨
名，有些英国人认为该地是英国得手的罪犯所居住的地方〕
Costa del Sol, the / koste del `sol; koste del 'spl/ a part of the
Mediterranean Sea coast in S Spain. Many tourists go there. 
especially around Malaga and Marbella. 太阳海岸〔西班牙南
部地中海沿岸地区的一部分，许多旅游人士到那里去游玩，尤其去
马拉加和马贝亚附近地区〕
Costa Ger. i·at-ri. ca, the /koste d3e`aetrke: koste d3eri'aetrike
a humorous name for parts of the British south coast, where
many old people go to live when they have stopped working
老年海岸〔英国南部海岸的诨名，许多老人退休后去那里居住〕
co-star' /ko `star; 'keu sta:/ n a famous actor or actress wh
appears with another famous actor or actress in a film or play
合演者；联合主演者
co-star2v -rr 1 [I (with)] to appear as a co-star 合演：It's the
first time she's co-starred with Robert Redford. 这是她首次
与罗伯特·雷德福合演。2 [T] (of a film or play) to have as co-
stars 联合主演：'Gone with the Wind', the classic movie co-
starring Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable《乱世佳人》，由费雯·
丽和克拉克·盖博联合主演的著名影片
Cos. ta Ri. ca /'kaste `rike; , koste 'ri:ke/ a country in Central
America between Nicaragua and Panama. Population: 3, 424, 000
(1995). Capital: San Jose. Although there has often been fight
ng in other countries in Central America, Costa Rica has beer
a peaceful DEMOCRACY for a long time, and has not had an
army since 1950. 哥斯达黎加〔中美洲一国，位于尼加拉瓜和巴拿
马之间。人口：3, 424, 000(1995)，首都：圣何塞。尽管中美洲其
他国家经常发生战争，但该国已有很长一段和平民主时期，并自
1950年起已没有军队)- Costa Rican n, adj
cost/ben. e. fit a. nal. y. sis /，. ·. ，. /n a system of determin. 
ing a course of action by examining various possibilities with
regard to what they will cost and what BENEFIT they will bring. 
The course of action which will bring the greatest benefit at
the smallest cost is seen as the most desirable. 成本效益分析
〔通过分析耗费成本和增加效益的各种可能性来决定行动方案的—
种方法，用最低的成本产生最大效益的行动方案被认为是最可取
的〕
cost cen·tre /'·/ n a part of a business, such as a department
or a group of people or machines, for which costs can be worked
out and controlled 成本中心〔企业的一部分，如一个部门、一组
人员或设备，其成本可以单独计算并控制〕
cost-ef·fective /'·，·/ adj bringing the best possible profits or
advantages for the lowest possible cost 低成本高利润的；有成
本效益的：They discovered that it was more cost-effective to
import the engines from Spain than to manufacture them here. 
他们发现从西班牙进口发动机比在当地制造合算。 — ~ly adv —
~ness n [U]
Cos. tel-lo /ka`stalo; kp'steleu/, El. vis /lvis; 'elvs/ (1954-
a British singer and songwriter, who first became famous in
the late 1970s, and has made many records since, sometimes
working with other musicians such as the CLASSICAL Brodsky
Quartet. He is known especially for the interesting and origi-
nal songs he writes. 科斯特洛〔(1954- )，英国歌手和词曲作家. 
最初于20世纪70年代后期成名。自那时起他灌录了许多唱片，
有时还同其他音乐家，如古典派布罗德斯基四重唱小组合作，尤以
其有趣的原创歌曲闻名〕
cos·ter·mon·ger /`kasta·manga; 'koste, mange/ also又作
coster /`kaste; 'koste/ - n BrE a person who sells fruit and
vegetables from a cart in the street, especially in London【英】
〔尤指伦敦沿街推车叫卖水果、蔬菜的〕小贩
cost·ing /`kastin; 'kostin/ n [U] the process of measuring and
looking at the cost of a business activity, product, department
etc 成本计算
costive /kastiv; 'kostiv/ adj rare suffering from or causing
CONSTIPATION【罕】便秘的；引起便秘的
cost·ly /`kostli; 'kostli/ adj 1 rather fml costing a lot of money, 
especially when this is regarded as unreasonable or unnecessary
【比较正式】昂贵的：Selling your house can be a costly and time
consuming business. 出售你的房子很可能是费钱耗时的事。
a costly delay 造成很大损失的延误 2 gained or won at a great
loss 损失严重的：the costliest war in our history 在我们历史上
损失最大的战争(=with greatest loss of life) - -liness n [U]
Cost·ner /`kastne; 'kostne/, Kev·in /`kevin; 'kevn/ (1955-)
a US film actor and DIRECTOR, whose films include Dances
with Wolves (1990)， Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991)
and JFK(1991)凯文·科斯特纳〔(1955-)，美国电影演员和导
演，演出过的影片包括《与狼共舞》(1990)、《侠盗罗宾汉》(1991)
和《惊天大刺杀》(1991)〕
cost of liv·ing /，· '·/ n [(the) S] the cost of buying the goods
and services you need to live at an average standard of com-
fort 生活费用：The cost of living has gone up 5% in the last
year, so we asked for a wage increase of 7%，去年生活费用上
涨5%，所以我们要求增加薪水7%。 — compare 比较 STANDARD
OF LIVING — see also 另见 COLA
cost-of-liv. ing in. dex /，. ·，. ·/ n a number based on rising
and/or falling prices of goods, services etc, usually over a year, 
which shows whether the cost of living has gone up or down. 
Since World War II many employers and unions have agreed
to use it as a guideline for wage deals. Other payments such as
SOCIAL SECURITY and some PENSIONS are also based on it. 生
活（费）指数〔通常以一年内的物价起伏为基础的一组数据，反映出
生活费用的变化。自第二次世界大战以来，许多雇主以及工会同意
以此作为工资协议的准则，其他如社会安全福利金和有些养老金也
是以此为依据的〕- — compare 比较 RETAIL PRICE INDEX
cost-plus /'/ n a method of agreeing on a selling price in
which an agreed rate of profit is added to the cost price 成本加
成，成本加利润 - cost-plus /· `·/ adj: cost-plus pricing 成本
加成定价
cost price /， '√ also 又作 cost especially AmE【尤美】— n [U]
the price a shopkeeper pays for an article, which is less than
the price the buyer pays the shopkeeper (the retail price)成本
价格：The employees of the store are allowed to buy furniture
at cost pricelat cost. 该店的店员可按成本价格购买家具
costs /kosts; kosts/ n [P] the cost of taking a matter to a court of
law, especially as ordered to be paid by the side that lost the
case to the side that won it 诉讼费：She won the case and was
awardea costs. 她胜诉, 因而获得了诉讼费用的赔偿。
costume 服饰
national
period
a clown's
costume/dress
costume/dress
costume
民族服装
旧时服饰
小丑服饰
cos·tume /kastjum; 'kostjum/ n 1 [C; U] the clothes typical
of a certain period, country, or profession, especially as worn
in plays 〔尤指在演戏中穿的)戏装；服装：They are all dressed
in national costume, 他们都穿着民族服装。| actors in 18th-
0389
century costumes 身穿18世纪服装的演员 | acostume drama
(=one in which clothes from a former period are worn)古装剧
2 [C] BrE a SWIMMING COSTUME【英】游泳衣，泳装 3[C] old-
fash a woman's suit【过时】女套服
costume jew·elle. ry /'·，·/ n [U] expensive-looking jewellery
made from cheap materials〔缀于服装上的〕人造珠宝饰物
cos. tu·mi·er /kas`tjumie; ko'stju:mie/ n a person who makes
or deals in costumes, especially for plays〔剧团等的〕服装制作
人：服装商
co·sy' especially BrE【尤英】‖cozy AmE【美】/`kozi; 'keuzi/ -
adj1 apprec warm, comfortable and protected from unpleas-
antness【褒】温暖舒适的：a cosy little house 温暖舒适的小房
子 | The room had a nice cosy feel. 这房间给人非常温暖而舒
适的感觉。2 sometimes derog based on or showing a close
relationship, perhaps with a dishonest purpose【有时贬】密切
的；互相勾结的：cosy deals between the union leaders and the
company management 工会领导和公司管理层之间的默契交易
— see 参见 COSILY
cosy2n a covering put over a teapot to keep the contents warm
〔茶壶的)保暖罩； a tea cosy 茶壶保暖罩
cot /kat; kpt/ n 1 BrE【英】‖ crib AmE【美】- a small bed for a
young child, usually with high movable sides so that the child
cannot fall out〔有高活动栏杆的)幼儿床 2 AmE for【美】=CAM
BED
co·tan·gent /ko`taend3ent; keu'taend3ent/n tech the FRACTION
calculated for an angle by dividing the length of the sides next
and opposite to it in a right-angled TRIANGLE【术语】〔数学的]
余切
cot death /'··/ BrE【英】‖crib death AmE【美】— n an unex. 
pected and usually unexplainable death of a baby that had been
healthy. It is now officially called SUDDEN INFANT DEATH
SYNDROME. 婴儿猝死〔现在其正式名称为婴儿猝死综合征〕
Cote d'A·zur, the /kot de`zue; , keut dae'zjue/ a part of the
Mediterranean coast in SE France, including the cities of Nice
and Cannes. The Cote d'Azur is famous for its beaches, and is
considered a place where fashionable rich people go for their
holidays, 蓝色海岸〔法国东南部地中海沿岸的一部分，包括尼斯
和戛纳两个城市，以海滩著称，被认为是赶时髦的富人度假的地
方) — see also 另见 the RIVIERA
Cote d'l-voire / kot di`ywar: keut di:'vwa:/ a country next to
the Gulf of Guinea in W Africa, between Ghana and Liberia. 
Population: 14, 300, 000(1995). Capital: Yamoussoukro. It is
sometimes called the Ivory Coast. 科特迪瓦〔西非国家，临几
内亚湾，位于加纳和利比里亚之间。人口：14, 300, 000(1995)，首
都：亚穆苏克罗。该国有时被称为象牙海岸〕
co·te. rie /`koteri; 'keuteri/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] fml a close group
of people with shared interests, tastes etc. It is sometimes dif-
ficult to be admitted to a coterie because they do not easily
accept new members. 【正式】〔由共同兴趣、嗜好形成的〕小团体. 
小圈子〔有时候很难进入这样的小圈子，因为他们不轻易接纳新成
员)：a small coterie of artists 艺术家的小圈子|Mrs Thatcher
went to the hotel for lunch with her personal coterie. 撒切尔
夫人和她的私人小组去酒店共进午餐。
co·ter·mi·nous /ko`t3menes; keu't3:mnes/ adj [(with)] fml
sharing the same border【正式】有共同边界的；毗连的：Englana
is coterminous with Wales. 英格兰毗连威尔士。 — ~ly adv
co-til-lion /ko`trlion: ke'tilien/n a dance of 18th-century French
origin〔18世纪源于法国的〕法国花式舞
Cots·wolds, the /`katswoldz; 'kotsweuldz/ a hilly area o
western England which has a lot of pretty villages and river
valleys. Many buildings are built of the local yellow Cotswold
stone, and it is a popular tourist area. 科茨沃尔德丘陵地带〔位
于英格兰西部，那里有许多美丽的村庄及河谷，许多房子都是采用
当地黄色的科茨沃尔德石建造的。该地是广受欢迎的旅游区〕
cot·tage /`katid3; 'kotid3/ n 1 a small house, especially an old
one in the country. These are often thought of in a very RO
MANTIC way as being COSY and safe, and having a thatched
rof (THATCH') and roses rounc the door_小屋:村舍(人们常常
浪漫地认为它们舒适、安全，有茅草盖的屋顶，门旁有玫瑰)：Thev
dreamed of buying a little cottage in the country. 他们梦想在
乡间买一所小别墅。— see 参见 HOUSE (USAGE) 2 BrE slang
a place, such as a PUBLIC CONVENIENCE, where COTTAGING
takes place【英俚】男同性恋寻觅伙伴的地方〔如公厕等〕
cottage cheese /，·'/ n [U] soft lumpy white cheese made
from sour milk. It is fairly low in fat and often eaten by people
trying to lose weight. 〔酸奶制成的〕农家鲜乳酪〔脂肪含量相当
低，一般由想减肥的人食用〕
cottage hos·pi·tal /，· '·/ n BrE a small hospital, usually in a
country area【英】〔乡村里的〕小医院；乡间诊疗所
cottage in. dus. try /. · '·/ n an industry whose labour force
consists of people working at home with their own tools or
machinery 家庭小工业：Hand-knitting sweaters has become a
cottage industry in some parts of Scotland. 手工编织毛衫已成
为苏格兰一些地区的家庭工业
cottage loaf /· '/ n a loaf of bread made in two round pieces
with the smaller one stuck on top of the larger one 〔大小两层面
团合在一起制成的〕农家面包
cottage pie /· / n [U] = SHEPHERD'S PIE
cot·tag·er /`katid3e; 'kotid3e/ n BrE【英】1 rare a person who
lives in a country COTTAGE【罕】村民，住乡间小屋者 2 slang a
man who wants to have sex with other men in a public place
【俚】想在公共场所搞同性恋的男子
cot·tag·ing /`katid3in: 'kptid3in/ n [U] BrE slang the practice
of looking for male HOMOSEXUAL partners in public TOILETS
which is illegal in Britain【英俚】男同性恋在公厕内寻觅伙伴〔在
英国这是非法的〕
*cot. ton1 /`katn; 'kotn/ n [U] 1 a tall plant grown in warm areas
for the soft white hair that surrounds its seeds 棉株 2 (thread
or cloth made from) the hair of this plant 棉花；棉花纤维；棉
纱，棉布：a reel of red cotton 一卷红棉纱 | a cool white cotton
shirt 一件凉爽的白棉布衬衫 | Cotton is more comfortable to
wear than nylon. 棉布比尼龙穿着舒服。3 AmE for【美】= COT-
TON WOOL
cotton2v
cotton on phr v [I (to)] infml to begin to understand; REALIZE
【非正式】明白，领会：He'd been speaking for half an hour be
fore I cottoned on (to what he meant)!他讲了半个小时我才听
明白（他的意思）
Cotton Belt, the /'· / an area in the southern US. mainly in
Texas, where cotton is grown 棉花地带〔美国南部种植棉花的
地区，主要在得克萨斯州内〕
Cotton Bowl, the /'. / an important college football game
held every year in Dallas, Texas“棉花杯”橄榄球季后赛〔美国
大学生橄榄球重要赛事，一年一度在得克萨斯州的达拉斯举行〕
cotton bud /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖ O-tip AmE trademark【美，商标】-
a short plastic stick with a small amount of cotton wool at each
end, used for cleaning ears or other places that are hard to reach. 
e. g. on machinery 棉签
cotton can·dy /··/ n [U] AmE for【美】= CANDYFLOSS
cotton gin /'. / n a machine that separates seeds etc from
cotton轧棉机，轧花机
cotton-pick·ing /'·. ·/ adj [A] AmE infml (used to give force
to an expression of annoyance 用于加强表示厌恶的语气)【美，
非正式】该死的，糟糕透顶的：Mind your own cotton-picking
business!管你自己该死的事吧！
cotton reel /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖ spool AmE【美】— n a plastic or
wooden object on which COTTON'(2) is wound, for use in sew-
ing 棉纱卷轴
cot·ton-tail /katn tel: 'kptnteil/ n a small American rabbit with
a white tail〔产于美国的〕棉尾兔，白尾兔
cot·ton·wood /katnwud: 'kotnwud/ n [C; U](the wood from)
cottage小屋：村舍
a N American broad-leafed tree which drops seeds that look
like cotton in the early summer 〔北美的)三角叶杨（木），棉白
杨（木）
cotton wool /· '/ BrE【英】‖ cotton AmE【美】— n [U] a soft
mass of cotton used for cleaning wounds etc药棉，脱脂棉：Put
a pad of cotton wool over the cut. 在伤口上覆一块药棉。| She
used a piece of cotton wool to clean off her make-up. 她用一
块药棉擦净她脸上的化妆品。|(fig. 喻) cotton wool clouds 棉
絮状云| (fig. 喻) She wrapped her children up in cotton wool
to protect them from the realities of life. 她精心保护着她的孩
子，不让他们受生活现实的伤害
couch' /kautf; kautf/ n 1 a long comfortable piece of furniture
usually with a back and arms, on which more than one persor
can sit, or a person can lie; SOFA 长沙发：Lie down on the
0390
couch if you're feeling ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，就请躺在长沙发
上。| the psychiatrist's couch 精神科医师的诊疗沙发 2 lit a
bed【文】卧榻
couch2v be couched in fml (of a statement, letter etc) to be
expressed in the stated way【正式】以· 〔方式〕 表达；措辞：His
refusal was couched in rather unfriendly terms. 他的拒绝是
用不太友好的措辞说出来的
cou. chette /ku`fat; ku:'fet/ n 1 a narrow shelf-like folding bed
on which a person can sleep on a train〔火车上的〕可折叠式卧
铺 2 a comfortable seat on a night boat or train〔夜航船只、火车
的)软座 — compare 比较SLEEPING CAR
couch grass /`kutf graes; 'ku:tf gra:s/ n [U] a rough grass with
long creeping roots〔生有蔓延长根的〕茅草，狗牙根
couch po. ta·to /'. ·/ n infml derog a person who takes little
or no exercise, but spends most of their time sitting around, 
especially watching television【非正式，贬】终日懒散的人；老泡
在电视机前的人
cou·gar /`kuge; 'ku:ge/ also 又作 mountain lion, puma, pan. 
ther -n-gars or-gar a large powerful brown wild cat from
the mountainous areas of Western N America and S America
美洲狮
with a short rough sound, especially because of discomfort in
the throat during a cold or other infection 咳嗽，咳：You're
coughing a lot -- I think you smoke too much. 你咳得很厉害 —
我认为你吸烟太多了。2 [T (UP)] to clear (something) from the
throat by doing this 咳出〔某物)：We knew she was seriously
ill when she started to cough (up) blood. 她开始咯血时，我们
就知道她病得很重了。3 I] to make a sound like a cough 发出
咳嗽般的声音：The engine coughed once or twice, but wouldn't
start. 发动机喀喀地响了一两声, 但是发动不起来。
cough (sthg. ) up phr v[I; T] slang to produce (especially
money or information) unwillingly【俚】勉强交出〔钱〕；勉强说
出〔情况)：Dad coughed up （￡100） for our holiday. 爸爸勉强
拿出(100英镑)钱给我们度假。
gave a nervous cough. 她紧张地咳了一声。2 [S] a (medical)
condition marked by frequent or repeated coughing咳嗽病：
John had a bad cough all last week. 约翰咳得很厉害，上周整
整咳了一周。 — see also 另见 WHOOPING COUGH
cough sweet /'· ·/ BrE【英】also 又作 cough drop — n a MEDI-
CATED sweet used for making a sore throat feel better 润喉糖
cough syr·up /'·/ n [U] a usually sweet MEDICATED liquid
used to help prevent coughing 止咳糖浆
人称单数为 could, negative short form 否定式的缩略形式为
couldn't /`kudnt; 'kudnt/ [modal+to-v] 1 (describes can in
the past 是 can 的过去式形式)：I could run very fast when I
was a schoolgirl. 我当学生时能跑得很快。| I couldn't get the
tickets yesterday. 昨天我没能买到票。2 (used instead of can
to describe what someone has said, asked etc 在转述某人的说
话或提问等情况下代替 can): He said we could smoke. (=his
actual words were ‘You can smoke. ')他说我们可以吸烟。| She
asked whether she could go home. 她问她是否能回家。3 (used
to show what is or might be possible, but without real force or
certainty 用于表示可能性而不是肯定无疑)：This new project
could create 5000 new jobs. 新工程有可能为5000人带来新的
工作。| It could be weeks before we know the full cost of the
accident, 可能要过好几个星期我们才能了解事故的全部损失。
The government could do a lot more to help small businesses. 
政府可以做更多的事来帮助小企业。| In my view, this accident
could have been prevented. 依我看，这次事故本来是可以避免
的。| We couldn't have picked a worse day for the picnic
it rained nonstop. 我们挑选去野餐的日子挑选得再糟不过了-
那天雨一直下个不停。| I could have kicked him (=I wanted
to) when he said that. 他说出那样的话时我真恨不得踢他一脚。
4 (in CLAUSES expressing purpose 用于表示目的的从句中)
might; would be able to 能够，可以，可能：He turned his face
away so that I couldr't see the tears. 他把脸转了过去, 使我无
法看见他的眼泪。5 (used to make a request 用于请求)：Could
you put this case on the shelf for me, please?请帮我把这箱子
放在架子上好吗？ — compare 比较CAN1(7); see参见 LAN. 
GUAGE NOTES: Requests, Tentativeness 6 (used to suggest
a possible or desirable course of action 用于建议做可能的事或
值得做的事)：If she's not at home, you could try phoning her
at the office. 如果她不在家，你可以试试给她的办公室打电话。7
(shows annoyance 表示烦恼)：You could be a bit more careful!
你应该更加小心才是！ | You could have told me you were go-
ing to be late. 你要晚来，本应早点告诉我。 — compare 比较
MIGHT (4)； see 参见 NOT (USAGE); see 参见 LANGUAGE
NOTE: Modals
□USAGE 用法说明 1 When talking about the past, could
can be used when you want only to say that someone had
the ability or power. 要表示某人过去有能力[权力]做某事，
可以用 could: She could play the piano when she was
five. (她5岁时就能弹钢琴。) To express the idea of having
the ability to do something and then doing it, you can use
manage to (=try, then succeed) or be able to (more formal)
表示有能力做并做了某事，可用 manage to 或 be able to
(较正式)：I managed to/was able to get the tickets I
wanted. (=I could and I did) （我买到了我要买的票。） Suc. 
ceed in, which is followed by v-ing, has the same meaning
but is rather formal. 而 succeed in 后跟带 -ing 的动词，意
义相同但更正式：He succeeded in passing the examination. 
(他成功地通过了考试。) But you can use could not to ex-
press the idea of ‘lack of success'. 但是，表示“没有成功”，
可用 could not: I couldn't/was unable to (more formal)
find the person I was looking for. （我未能找到我要找的那
个人。)2 Could (past tense could have) can be used like
may and might (past tenses may have and might have) to
express the idea of 'perhaps'(uncertainty), but is less
common. could （过去式 could have)像 may 和 might （过
去式 may have 和 might have) 一样用于表示“也许”（不肯
定)，但并不常见：He may/might/could be on his way now. 
(=perhaps he is coming)(他现在可能在路上了。)|He may/
might/could have been delayed. (=perhaps he has been
delayed) （他也许被耽搁了。） — see also 另见 CAN (USAGE). 
MIGHT(USAGE)
couldst /kudst; kudst/ ν thou couldst old use or bibl (when
talking to one person) you could【旧或圣经】你能〔用于对一个
人说话时〕
cou·lee /'kulr; 'ku:li/ n AmE a small valley with steep sides that
was created by water running through it but is now usually dry
【美】斜壁干谷；干河谷：Cattle are grazing down in the coulee. 
牛群正在下面的干河谷里吃草
*coun. cil /kaunsl; 'kaunsal/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] 1 a group of people
appointed or elected to make laws, rules, or decisions, or to
give advice 委员会；理事会：The Council of Ministers is the
real power in the EU. 部长理事会是欧盟的真正权力机关。|(fig. 
喻) The neighbours held a council of war to decide what to
do about the problem of litter louts. 邻居举行了紧急会议决定
如何来处理乱扔垃圾者的问题。2 especially BrE the organiza-
tion responsible for local government in a town, COUNTY etc, 
often consisting of elected representatives and full-time non-
elected employees【尤英】〔市、郡、镇等的〕政务委员会；地方议
会：The council have told us to cut down the trees. 郡议会通知
我们砍倒这些树。| We discussed this matter in council. (=at
a council meeting)我们在议会上讨论了这个问题。| Council
meetings are held in the council chamber. 郡议会的会议在郡
议事厅举行。| She's on the council. (=is an elected member
of it) 她是郡议会的成员。| She works for the council. (=is a
paid employee of the council)她是郡议会的工作人员。
□USAGE 用法说明 The British use council to refer to
their local government authority. It is less common in the
US, where the system of local government varies from state
to state, and Americans must usually be more specific and
say e. g. city council, town council, county council. 英国
人用 council 来指他们的地方政府。这在美国不太常见，在
那里，州与州之间的地方政府制度是不同的。美国人一般必须
说得更具体些，如 city council （市议会），town council （镇
议会)，county council(县议会)。
0391
council es·tate /'·/ n BrE a piece of land on which houses
have been built by the local council. They are rented to people
for a small amount of money. 【英】地方政府建的楼房群〔租金
很低) — see also 另见 COUNCIL HOUSE
Council for the Pro. tec-tion of Ru-ral En-gland, the/. . 
···. · '·/ the full name of the CPRE 英格兰乡村保护委员会
〔全称
council house /'. /n (in Britain) a house or flat (council flat)
owned by the local town or COUNTY council, for which the
family living in it pays rent 〔英国的〕市镇[郡]建住房〔居住的
家庭需付租金)：As an unmarried mother, you will be near the
top of the list for a council house. 作为未婚妈妈，你将是首批
租到市建住房的人
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Council houses are usu-
ally fairly small plain houses on ESTATES (=a large are:
with many houses built close together). They are cheap to
rent and are usually lived in by WORKING-CLASS people
But since the 1980s, people have been able to buy their
houses from the council, so there are now fewer house:
owned by local councils. 市、郡建住房一般是外表普通的小
房子，建在大规模住宅区的土地上，租金低，通常为工人阶级
所居住。但是自20世纪80年代以来，人们从地方政府手中购
买了房屋，因此地方政府所有的房屋现在已减少了
coun-cil-lor BrE【英】‖councilor AmE【美】/kaunsele; 'kaunsele/
— n a member of a council 市政委员；议员：You should com-
plain to your local councillor. 你应向当地的市政委员投诉。
coun. cil·man /kaunslmen; 'kaunsalmen/ coun. cil·wo·mar
/-wumen; -wumen/ fem. 【阴性】- n -men /-men; -men/ AmE
a member of a council【美】市政委员，议员
Council of Eu-rope, the /，·. '·/ an organization which was
established in 1949 to develop greater unity between the coun
tries of Europe, and to encourage DEMOCRATIC government
and respect for human rights. It now consists of about 40 Eu-
ropean countries, and its members develop policies on
education, crime, health, and the environment. Complaints
about cruel or unfair treatment can be settled in the Council's
court, the European Court of Human Rights. Although it has
close connections with the EUROPEAN UNION, it is a separate
organization. 欧洲理事会，欧洲委员会〔成立于1949年，旨在增
进欧洲国家间紧密团结、促进民主政府以及对人权的尊重。现在由
大约40个欧洲国家组成，其成员国共同制定有关教育、犯罪、保健
和环境的政策。对有关野蛮行径或不公正待遇的诉讼可在该理事
会法庭即欧洲人权法庭上得到解决。尽管与欧盟关系密切，但它是
一个独立的组织〕
council of war /··'/ n a discussion about how to meet danger
opposition, a problem etc or to plan some joint action〔为应付
危急情况、处理反对意见和问题，或为制定联合行动计划而召开
的)紧急会议：The bosses are having a council of war right
now to try to avoid total collapse. 那些老板正在召开紧急会
议，力图避免全线倒闭。
council tax /'·/ n a British local government tax related to
the value of people's houses. It replaced the very unpopular
POLL TAX in 1993. 〔英国地方政府征收的〕房地产税〔1993年取
代了极不受欢迎的人头税〕
coun·sel' /`kauns]; 'kaunsal/ n counsel 1 [C] law a lawyer (ir
Britain a BARRISTER) acting for someone in a court of law【律】
辩护律师；法律顾问：The judge asked counsel for the defence
to explain. 法官要求被告的辩护律师作出解释。| Both parties
were represented by counsel. (=both people had lawyers)双
方都由律师代表。2 [U] fml or lit advice【正式或文】忠告：The
king took counsel from the assembled nobles, 国王听取聚集
的贵族们的意见。3 keep your own counsel to keep your plans. 
opinions, or intentions secret 不透露自己的计划[意见、意图等
counsel2ν -ll- BrE【英】‖ -I- AmE【美】[T] 1 fml to advise as a
suitable course of action【正式】建议：They counselled patiencel
caution. 他们建议要忍耐[谨慎]。| [+obj+to-v] She counselled
them not to accept his explanation. 她建议他们不要接受他的
解释。2 to give advice and support to (especially someone ex-
periencing difficulty)劝告；忠告；辅导：The unit was set up to
counsel people with alcohol problems. 那机构的成立是为了
帮助酗酒的人。| a counselling service for new students 为新
生提供辅导的服务
coun·sell·ing BrE【英】|counseling AmE【美】/`kaunsin:
'kaunsalin/-n [U] the act of listening to people and giving
them support with their problems, especially as your job 咨询
咨询服务；辅导：She's been undergoing counseling for depression. 
她由于抑郁症一直在接受辅导
coun·sel·lor BrE【英】|counselor AmE【美】/`kaunsle:
kaunsale/ n 1 someone who is paid to listen to people's prob-
lems and provide support and advice 顾问：Have you thought
of seeing a counsellor?你有没有想过向顾问咨询一下？-see
also 另见 MARRIAGE GUIDANCE COUNSELLOR 2 especially AmE
a lawyer【尤美】律师，法律顾问
*count1 /kaunt; kaunt/ v 1 [I(UP, to)] to say or name the num-
bers in order, one by one or by groups 〔按顺序)数：childrer
learning to count 学数数的儿童 | Count (up) to twenty and
then open your eyes. 数到20，然后睁开眼睛。2 [T] to name or
take note of (all the units belonging to a group) one by one in
order to find the whole number in the group; total计数；点数
目：Have you counted the money yet?你把钱点过了吗？ | We
counted the passengers and found that two were missing. 我
们点了旅客的人数，发现少了2个人。| [+wh-] The machine au-
tomatically counts how many people have used it. 这台机器
能自动计算有多少人使用过它。3[T] to include when finding a
total 把··计算在内；包括：There are six people in my family, count-
ing my parents. 我家有6口人，包括我的父母在内。4 [T+obj+n/
adj/prep] to consider or regard in the stated way 认为，看作：
After the accident they counted themselves lucky to be alive
事故发生后，他们认为自己能活下来很幸运。|Pavlova is counted
among the greatest dancers of the century. 巴甫洛娃可算是本
世纪最伟大的舞蹈家之一。5 [I not in progressive forms 不用
进行式] to have value, force, influence, or importance有价值
有影响；有重要性； It is not what you say but what you do that
counts. 重要的不是你的言辞而是你的行动。| She's the only per-
son that really counts around here. (=the only important person)
她是这附近惟一真正有影响的人。| For tax purposes this count. 
as (=is officially regarded as) unearned income, 为了税收的
目的，这被（官方）认为是非劳动收入。| In business, a strong
personality often counts for more (=is more valuable or im-
portant) than formal training. 在商业界，突出的个性往往比受
过正式培训更有价值。| That goal doesn't count, the player
was out of bounds, 那个进球无效，球员在界外。| In light of
your actions, your words count for nothing. (=have no value
at all)根据你的所作所为，你说这些话根本没有用。6. but
who's counting? (used to say that the number of something
received or achieved does not matter to you, although this sug-
gests that it really does) ··可是又有什么用呢？〔用于表示尽管
取得一定数量，但是于事无补)：“He scored seven goals. 
, 。
“Eight, actually, but who's counting?” “他得了7分。” “实际上
是8分，可又有什么用呢？”|“That's all of them then — about
30 each. ” “32， I made it, but then who's counting?\" “全部都算
上了——每人30个左右。” “我做了32个，可又有什么用呢？”7
count your chickens before they're hatched to make plans
depending on something advantageous which has not yet hap
pened 蛋尚未孵先数小鸡；打如意算盘 8 count sheep to imagine
you are counting sheep, with the eyes closed. British people are
advised to count sheep as a way of falling asleep. 〔闭着眼想像
着〕数绵羊〔英国人被建议以此作为催已入眠的方法〕9count the
cost: a to understand or suffer the bad effects of something done
了解或承担不利后果 b to consider all risks before making a de
cision or doing something决策之前对风险先作考虑
count down phr v [I] to count backwards in seconds to zero. 
especially before sending a spacecraft into space 〔宇宙飞船等
发射前)倒计时 — see also 另见 COUNTDOWN
count sbdy. in phr v [T] infml to include, especially in a
planned activity【非正式】包括；把··算入：If you're planning a
trip to London, count me in. 如果你计划去伦敦旅行，请把我算
在内。 — opposite 反义词 count out
count on/upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to depend on 依靠；指
望：You can count on me -I'll help you. 你能依靠我，我会帮
助你的。| She can always be counted on for support. 她的支
持总是靠得住的。| [+v-ing] We're counting on winning this
contract. 我们指望能争取到这份合同。|[+obj+v-ing] You can't
count on the weather being fine. 你不能指望天气会变好。
[+obj+to+y] You can count on him to come. 你可以指望他会
来的。2 to expect; take into account 期望，指望，料想到：[+(obj+)
v-ing] I didn't count on arriving so early/on John arriving so
early. 我没料到会到得这么早[约翰到得这么早]。
count sbdy. /sthg. out phr y [T] 1 to put down one by one
while counting 逐个地数，算出：He counted out ten ￡5 notes. 
他点出10张5镑的钞票。2 to declare(a BOXER who fails to
get up from the floor after ten seconds) to be the loser of a
fight〔在拳击比赛中〕判〔被击倒者〕失败〔被击倒后10秒还不能
站起来，即被宣告失败)：Tyson was counted out in the tenth
round. 泰森在第10回合被宣告在拳击比赛中失败。3 infml to
decide not to include; EXCLUDE【非正式】不包括：If you're play-
ing football in this weather you can count me out. 你们假如在
这种天气踢足球，就别把我算在内。 — opposite 反义词 count in
0392
count2n 1 an act of counting or total reached by counting 计算
合计数：The yote was so close that we had to have several
counts. 选票数如此接近，我们不得不计算好几次。| The num·
ber of students was 523 at the last count. 最后一次计数，学生
人数是523名。2 any of a number of crimes of which a person
is thought to be guilty 〔指控犯罪的〕罪状：The prisoner was
found not guilty on all counts. 犯人被指控的各项罪状都不能
成立。| (fig, 喻) This policy has failed on several counts. (=in
several different ways)这项政策在几个方面都失败了。3 keep/
lose count to know/fail to know the exact number 知道[不知
道]正确数目：I've lost count of how many times I've seen this
programme. (=because I've seen it so often)我记不清这个节
目我看过多少次了。4 out for the count (in BOXING) to be un-
conscious for a period of ten counted seconds （拳击比赛中）被
判失败：(fig. 喻) Don't try to wake George - he's out for the
count. (=fast asleep)不要试图叫醒乔治 ——他已经熟睡了。
count3n (often cap. 常用大写) a European nobleman with a
rank similar to that of a British EARL伯爵〔欧洲贵族的封号)-
compare 比较 COUNTESS
count·a. ble /kauntebl; 'kauntebal/ adj that can be counted可
数的：A countable noun can also be called a count noun and
is often marked [C] in this dictionary. 可数名词也可以叫 count
noun, 本辞典用[C]表示。- — opposite 反义词 uncountable; see
参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Articles
Count Basie — see 参见 BASIE, Count
count-down /`kaunt daun; 'kauntdaun/n an act of counting
backwards in seconds to zero 倒计时：a ten-second countdown
before the spacecraft takes off 在宇宙飞船发射前倒计时10秒
see also 另见 COUNT1 down
coun·te·nance1 /`kauntenens; 'kauntnens/n fml【正式】1 [C
the appearance or expression of a person's face面部表情，面
容：afiercelangry countenance 凶狠[愤怒]的表情 2 [U] sup-
port or approval 支持；赞成：Terrorists will get no countenance
here. 恐怖分子在这里得不到支持。
countenance2v [T] fml to give support or approval to; regard
as acceptable; SANCTION【正式】支持：赞同：认可：We have said
several times that we will never countenance violence. 我们
多次说过，永远不会支持暴力。|[+v-ing] The government will
not countenance giving in to blackmail. 政府决不赞成向讹诈
让步。
counter1 /kaunte; 'kaunte/ n 1 a narrow table or flat surface
at which customers are served in a shop, bank, restaurant etc
柜台：I'm sorry, this counter is closed now. 非常抱歉，这个相
台现在已停止营业。2 also 又作 countertop AmE for【美】=
WORKTOP 3 over the counter (when buying drugs) without a
doctor's PRESCRIPTION(买药)不用处方：You can buy antibi
otics over the counter in this country. 在这个国家，没有医生
处方你也能买抗生素。4 under the counter privately, secretly
and often illegally 秘密地；暗地里：You can buy alcohol under
the counter there, but it's risky and expensive. 你能在那里私
下买到酒，但这又贵又冒险
counter2n 1 a person or especially an electrical apparatus that
counts 计算者；计算器，计数器：Set the counter to zero and
you'll know where the recording starts. 把计数器拨到零，你
就会知道录音从哪儿开始。 — see also 另见 GEIGER COUNTER
2 a small flat object used in some table games, e. g. instead of
money or to mark your place on a board 筹码
counter3v[I; T] to move or act in order to oppose or defend
yourself against (something)反对；反击；对抗：They moved two
destrovers into the area to counter the threat from the enemy
battleship. 他们开了两艘驱逐舰进入这个地区，来反击敌人战舰
的威胁。| They were accused of wasting public money, but
they countered (this charge) with the claim that they had wide
public support. 他们被指控浪费公款，但他们声称自己有广泛的
公众支持，以此做出反驳。| new measures that are aimed at
countering the rise in violent crime 旨在对付暴力犯罪上升的
新措施
counter4 adj, adv [F+to] (in a manner or direction that is) op
posed or opposite_相反的[地]：He acted counter to all advice
他一概不听别人的劝告，偏要那样干。| behaviour that runs
counter to international law 违反国际法的行为
counter5 n something that is opposed or can be used to oppose
something else 反对；反对物，反对行动：对立面：The new mis-
siles will be useful as a bargaining counter (=a means of
gaining an advantage) in the arms control talks. 新导弹在武器
控制谈判中可以做为讨价还价的筹码
counter- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
coun·ter·act /，kaunta`aekt; kaunter'aekt/ v [T] to reduce or op-
pose the effect of (something) by opposite action 抵消；抵抗
The drug counteracts the effects of the poison. 这种药可抵消
毒物的作用。 — ~ion /-`aekfen; -'aekfan/ n[C; U]
coun·ter·at·tack1 /`kauntere, taek; 'kaunteretaek/n an attack
made to stop, oppose, or return an enemy attack` 反攻，反击
counterattack2y [I; T] to make a counterattack (on)反攻，反
击 — ~ern
coun·ter·at·trac. tion /kauntere`traekfen; kauntere'traekfan/
n an attraction that competes with another反引力；对抗性引力
coun·ter. bal. ance' /`kaunte, baelens; 'kaunte, baelens/ n a
weight or force that acts as a balance for another weight or
force 平衡；平衡力
coun. ter. bal. ance2 /，kaunte`baelens; , kaunte'baelens/ v [T] to
oppose or balance with an equal weight or force使平衡；抵消：
The elevator is counterbalanced by a heavy weight that moves
in the opposite direction. 电梯是由一种向相反方向移动的重量
来保持平衡的。| (fig. 喻) Its usefulness fails to counterbal-
ance its considerable expense. 它的用处抵不上它的庞大费用。
coun·ter. blast /`kaunte blaest; 'kaunte, bla:st/ n (e. g. in
newspapers) a violent or angry reply 强烈反击；反驳：Her speech
brought a quick counterblast from the opposition leader. 她
的演说迅速引起反对党领袖的反驳
coun. ter. claim /`kaunte klem; 'kayntokleim/ n an opposing
claim, especially in law 反要求；反诉
coun·ter. clock. wise /，kaunta`klak, waiz; kaunte'klokwaiz
adj, adv AmE for【美】= ANTICLOCKWISE
coun·ter·es·pi·o. nage /kaunte`sspienid3; kaunter'espiena:3/
also 又作 coun·ter·in·tel·li·gence /kaunterin`taled3ens; , kaunterin-
teld3ans/ - n [U] secret police work directed towards un-
covering and opposing enemy ESPIONAGE 反间谍活动
coun-ter-feit' /kaunte-fit; 'kauntefit/ v [T] to make an exact
copy of (something) in order to deceive 伪造；仿造：They had
been counterfeiting ￡5 notes. 他们一直在伪造5英镑面值的钞
票。 — ~er n
counterfeit2 adj made exactly like something real in order to
deceive 伪造的；仿造的：counterfeit money/passports 伪币；假
护照|(fig. 喻)counterfeit sympathy 虚假的同
情
coun-terfoil /kaunte foil; 'kauntefoil/ n especially BrE a part
of a cheque, money order etc, kept by the sender as a record; 
STUB【尤英】〔支票、汇票等的〕存根
coun. ter·in. sur. gen. cy /，kaunterin`s3d3ensi; kaunterin. 
's3:d3ansi/ n [U] military activity against INSURGENTS 反暴动：
反叛乱
coun. ter. mand /，kaunte`maend; kaunte'ma:nd/ v [T] to de
clare (an order or command already given) ineffective, often
by giving a different order 撤回〔命令等)：The sergeant's or
der was countermanded by a superior officer. 警长的命令被
名高级警官撤销。
coun·ter·mea. sure /`kaunta m83; 'kaunteme3e/ n [often pl
常用复数]an action taken to oppose another action or situation
对策：对付措施：government countermeasures against terror-
ism 政府对恐怖主义采取的对策
coun·ter·of·fen. sive /，kauntere`fensiv; 'kaunterefensiv/na
large-scale attack made to oppose or return an enemy attack反
攻，反击：The speech marked the start of our counteroffen-
sive against the military government. 这篇讲话标志着我们对
军人政府反击的开始
coun-ter-pane /`kaunta, pen; 'kauntepein/ n BrE a top cover-
ing for a bed; BEDSPREAD【英】床罩
coun. ter-part /kaunte part; 'kauntepa:t/ n a person or thing
that has the same purpose or does the same job as another in a
different system 两方面地位职务相当的人[物]：The Ministel
of Defence is meeting his American counterpart in Washing-
ton today. 今天国防大臣在华盛顿会见美国国防部长。- com-
pare 比较OPPOSITE NUMBER
coun. ter. point /kaunta point; 'kauntepoint/ n 1 [U] the com
bining of two or more tunes so that they can be played to-
gether as a single whole 〔音乐的)对位法 2 [C] a tune added to
another in this way 对位旋律
coun. ter·poise /`kaunte, poiz; 'kauntepoiz/ v, n = COUNTER
BALANCE1. 2
coun·ter·pro. duc. tive /kauntepre`daktiv; kauntepre'daktiv/
adj tending to work against a desired aim; having an opposite
effect from the one intended 产生相反[负]效果的：These
hardline measures proved counterproductive, as they simply
increased opposition to the government. 这些强硬路线证明是
适得其反，因为它们只加剧了人们对政府的反对
counter-rev. o. lu. tion /. ·. . / n [C; U] political or military
opposition to a REVOLUTION or to a government established
by revolution 反革命 — ~ary adj, n: counter-revolutionary
forces反革命武装[力量
coun·ter·sign'/kaunte sain; 'kauntesain/ v [T] to sign (a pa
0393
per already signed by someone else)连署，副署，会签：When
you have signed the agreement, it will be countersigned by
one of the directors. 你签署协议书后，将由一位董事连署。
countersign2n BrE a PASSWORD【英】口令，回令
coun·ter·sink /`kaunte sink; 'kauntesink/ v -sank /-saenk. 
-saenk/, -sunk /-svnk; -sank/ [T] tech to fit (a screw) into an
nlarged hole so that its head fits level with the surface【术语】
把〔螺丝钉〕装入加大的孔眼〔以便螺丝钉与表面平齐〕
coun. ter·ten. or /kaunta`tne; 'kaunte'teneT/n (a male singer
with) a high voice; ALTO(1)男声最高音（部）；男音最高音歌手
coun·ter·vail·ing /`kaunte`velin; 'kaunte'veilin / adj [A] act-
ing with equal force but opposite effect 抗衡的，制衡的：抵消
的：He had to admit that the countervailing argument was
equally as strong as his own. 他不得不承认，这个对抗的论据
和他自己的论据同样有力
coun·tess /`kauntis: 'kaunts/ n a woman who holds the rank
of EARL or COUNT either for herself or because she is the wife
of an earl or count 伯爵夫人；女伯爵 — compare 比较 COUNT
coun-ting-house /`kauntin haus; 'kauntinhaus/ n -houses
/-`hauziz: -'hauzz/ (in former times) a business office where
accounts and money were kept〔昔日的〕账房；会计室
count-less /kauntlis; 'kauntles/ adj very many; too many to
be counted 无数的，数不尽的：countless reasons against it 反
对它的理由不可胜数
count noun /' / n tech a noun that has both singular and plu
ral forms and that can be used with numbers and words such as
many, few etc, or with a or an. In this dictionary, count nouns
are often marked [C]. 【术语】可数名词〔本辞典中，可数名词常标
以[C] — compare 比较UNCOUNTABLE
coun-tri-fied /`kvntri faid; 'kvntrifaid/ adj often derog of o
like the country or country people; UNSOPHISTICATED【常贬】
乡村的，土里土气的
*coun. try1/`kvntri; 'kvntri/ n 1 [C] an area of land that is a
nation, especially considered together with its population, po
litical organization, industry etc 国家；国土：Portugal is a
smaller country than Spain, 葡萄牙是一个比西班牙小的国家。
England is my native country. (=the country where I was born)
英格兰是我的故乡。| The best farmland is in the north of the
country. 最好的农田在这个国家的北部。| The company has
branches in 15 countries. 这家公司在 15个国家有分公司。
the world's major oil-producing countries 世界主要产油国
Bulgaria used to be a socialist country. 保加利亚曾是一个社
会主义国家。| Several countries were represented at the
conference. 好几个国家的代表出席了会议。 — compare 比较
NATION (1)； see also 另见 MOTHER COUNTRY; see 参见 FOLK
(USAGE) 2 [the] the land outside cities or towns; land used
for farming or left unused 郊外；乡村：We're going to have a day
in the country tomorrow. 明天我们要去乡下玩一天。 — see also
另见 CROSS-COUNTRY 3 [U] land with a special nature or char-
acter 土地：good farming country 肥沃的耕地 | This is
foxhunting country. (=an area where people hunt foxes)这是
猎狐的地方。4 go to the country especially BrE (of a government)
to have a GENERAL ELECTION【尤英】举行大选：If they're de
feated in parliament the government will go to the country
假如他们在议会里失败，政府将举行大选。5 your country needs
you a phrase used on a British POSTER during World War I to
persuade people to join the army 你的国家需要你〔第一次世界
大战时期英国的一张征兵海报上的话
country2 adj [A] of, in, or from the COUNTRY1(2)乡下的，农村
的：country life 乡村生活|country sports 农村体育运动|a
country house 村舍
country and west·ern /，· · '·/ also 又作 country music, C&W
- n [U] popular music in the style of the southern and west
ern US. Its centre is Nashville in Tennessee. 〔美国的)乡村与
西部音乐〔其中心是田纳西州的纳什维尔)：She sings in a coun-
try and western band. 她在乡村乐队演唱
country bump. kin /，··/ n — see 参见 BUMPKIN
country club /'· / n a sports and social club, usually with land
in the country. The members of a country club usually have to
be quite rich to afford to belong to it. 乡村俱乐部〔其会员一般
必须相当富有才能有钱加入)
Country Code, the /'. / BrE a set of instructions that advise
people who live in cities how to behave when they visit the
countryside. For example you must always close gates in fields
after using them, take your litter home, and keep your dog un-
der control at all times. 【英】〔城市居民去乡村游玩时的〕乡村行
为规范<如随手关好田野间的篱笆门、把垃圾带回家、管好狗等>
country cous. in /. '. / n derog a simple inexperienced per-
son who is confused by busy city life【贬】乡巴佬 — see also
另见BUMPKIN
country dance /，. '/ n any of several dances for several pairs
of dancers arranged in rows or circles 乡村舞；土风舞 - coun
try dancing n [U]
country house /，· '/ n BrE a large house in the country, often
of historical interest, which the public can pay to see around. 
The house's owners sometimes do not live in it, or it may be
owned by an organization such as the NATIONAL TRUST【英】乡
间别墅〔常为历史名胜，公众可以付费参观。有时其主人并不住在
里面，有些别墅则为英国国家信托等机构所有〕 — see also另见
STATELY HOME
Country Life /. '/ trademark a British monthly magazine
which contains articles about impressive homes and gardens
in the country, and important social activities there. It is usu-
ally thought of as a magazine for rich people who live in the
country. 【商标】《乡村生活》〔英国月刊，其文章描述乡村房屋和花
园给人留下深刻印象，以及当地重要的社会活动。一般被认为是一
本供居住在乡间的富人阅读的杂志〕
coun. try. man /`kantrimen; 'kvntrimen/ coun. try. womar
/-, wumen; -，wumen/ fem. 【阴性】- n -men /-men; -men/ 1 a
person from your own country; COMPATRIOT 同胞；同国人； He
was unpopular with his (fellow) countrymen. 他在他的同胞中
不得人心。2 a person living in the country(=not in a town) or
having country ways 乡下人
country mu·sic /'·，·/ n [U] COUNTRY AND WESTERN〔美国
的〕乡村（与西部）音乐
country seat /，· '/ n the country house of a rich landowner乡
绅的住宅：庄园宅第
coun·try·side /`kantri said: 'kantrisaid/n [(the) U] land out-
side the cities and towns, used for farming or left unused; coun-
try areas 郊外；乡下，农村：Modern agriculture is spoiling oul
beautiful countryside. 现代农业正在损坏我们美丽的农村
Countryside Com·mis. sion, the /'··. ·/ a British organiza-
tion whose aim is to look after the countryside and prevent it
being spoiled. It provides national parks, paths etc for people
who want to enjoy the country. 〔英国的)乡村委员会〔旨在保护
乡村环境并使之免遭损害的一个组织，它为想去乡间游玩的人开辟
国家公园、筑路等〕
coun. ty' /kaunti; 'kaunti/ n 1 (in Britain) a unit of local gov-
ernment in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. There are
46 counties in England and 6 in Wales. Each is governed by an
elected group of people, a COUNTY COUNCIL, and within each
county there are usually several DISTRICT COUNCILS, and in
some areas also PARISH COUNCILS. Northern Ireland has sim
ply 26 district councils, and Scotland has a different system of
local government. Many counties have names that end in
shire', e. g. Hertfordshire, Lancashire, Cheshire. They each
have their own character and are connected with different things
in the British mind, e. g. Devon is connected with holidays and
cream, and Kent with HOPS3. 〔英国的〕郡〔英格兰、威尔士和北
爱尔兰的地方政府组织单位。英格兰有46个郡，威尔士有6个。
每个郡都由被推选出的一群人即郡议会管理。郡内一般有数个区
议会，有些地区还有行政区议会。北爱尔兰只有26个区议会，苏
格兰则具有不同的地方政府组织形式。不少郡名都以“shire”结尾、
如Hertfordshire(赫特福德郡)，Lancashire(兰开夏郡)，
Cheshire(柴郡)。它们都各有特色，在英国人的心目中与不同事
物联系在一起，如德文郡是度假和出产奶油的地方，肯特郡则与啤
酒花有关) — compare 比较 REGION 2 (in the US) the largest
unit below the level of a state 〔美国的〕县〔州以下最大的行政
区)：Orange County in California 加利福尼亚州奥兰治县
compare 比较 PROVINCE
county2 adj BrE old-fash belonging to or typical of the wealthy
landowning classes in Britain. Many people think of county
people as speaking with very upper-class ACCENTS and wear
ing clothes which are expensive and of good quality, but not
fashionable or modern. 【英，过时】〔英国的〕（属于）乡绅阶层的
〔不少人认为乡绅说话带着极标准的上层阶级口音，衣着考究但不
时髦〕
county cham. pi. on. ship /，. ·. / [the] a British cricket com-
petition in which teams representing English counties play
against each other〔英国〕郡际板球锦标赛 — see also另见
CRICKET
county coun. cil /. · '·/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] (in Britain) a body of
people elected to govern a county〔英国的〕郡政务委员会；郡议
会
county court /，. '/ n a local court of law in Britain or some
US states which deals with small cases. In Britain county courts
are used for CIVIL cases, not for criminal cases, but in the US
they are used for both. 〔英国的〕郡法院；〔美国某些州的〕地方法
院〔英国的郡法院审理民事案件，不负责审理刑事案件，而在美国
地方法院对于两种案件都要审理〕
0394
county crick·et /，· '·/ n [U] cricket played in England be-
tween teams each representing an English county〔英格兰)郡
际板球赛 — see also另见CRICKET
county fair /· '/ n AmE a fair usually held each year in a
particular county with competitions to choose the best entries
in different categories, e. g. farm animals, sewing projects, cook-
ing etc. County fairs also usually have musical entertainments. 
rides on special machines, and games of skill. 【美】县集市〔通
常每年在一特定县举行，按不同的类别选出最佳参赛物品，如家
畜、缝纫图案、烹饪等，集市上一般还有音乐表演、机动游戏以及技
巧游戏等
county town /，· '·/ BrE【英】‖ county seat AmE【美】- n the
town where the local government of a COUNTY' is based 郡
[县]首府
coup /ku; ku:/n 1 a clever move or action that obtains the de
sired result〔取得预想结果的)突然而巧妙的行动：Getting the
contract was quite a coupla notable coup. 把合同争取到手是
巧妙精彩的一着。| He pulled off (=made) a real coup by get-
ting the first interview with the new minister. 他抢先第一个采
访新部长，确实不简单。2 a coup d'état （军事）政变
coup de grace /ku de`gras; ku: de 'gra:s/ n [S] Fr a blow or
shot which kills【法】致命的一击； to give/receive the coup de
grace 给予[遭受] 致命的一击 |(fig. 喻) The publicity caused
by his connection with gangsters was the coup de grace to
his election campaign. 他与歹徒有联系一事的曝光对他的竞选
运动是致命的打击。
coup d'é·tat /`ku de`ta; 'ku: dei'ta:/ also 又作 coup - n coups
d'état (same pronunciation 读音相同) a sudden violent seiz
ing of state power by a small group that has not been elected
(军事)政变
cou·pé /ku`pe; 'ku:pei/ also 又作 coupe /kup; ku:p/ - n an
enclosed car with two doors and a sloping back双门小轿车
Cou·per /kupe; 'ku:pe'/, Heather (1944- ) a British ASTRONO
MER(=a scientist who studies the stars) who has appeared on
many television and radio programmes about space and the
stars库珀〔(1944-)，英国天文学家，曾出现在许多有关宇宙和星
球的广播电视节目中〕
cou. ple1/`kvpl 'kapal/ n 1 [C (of)] two things related in some
way; two things of the same kind 一对，一双：I found a couple
f socks in the bedroon but they don't make a pair. 我在卧室
of
里找到两只袜子，但不成对。2 [C+sing. /pl. y] two people who
live or spend time together, especially a husband and wife同
居的男女；〔尤指〕夫妇：young married couples 几对年轻夫妇|
They're a nice couple. 他们是很美满的一对。3 [S (of)] infml a
few; several; a small number【非正式】一些，几个：I'll be back
in a couple of minutes. 我几分钟就回来。| I'll just have a
couple of drinks. 我就喝几杯吧。
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 pair and 和 couple: A
pair is a set of two things which are not usually used
separately. These may be two things which are not joined
together, such as shoes, or something made in two parts
such as trousers. 两件组成一套，通常不分开使用的物品叫
做 a pair。它们可以是不连在一起的两件物品（如鞋），或者
由两个相同部分组成的物品（如裤子）：a pair of socks(一双
袜子)| a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)。Any two things of
the same kind can be spoken of as a couple. 而 a couple则
指任何两件同样的物品：I saw a couple of cats in the
garden. （我看见花园里有两只猫。） | Could you lend me a
couple of pounds?(你能借给我两三英镑吗？) — see also另
见PAIR(USAGE)
couple2ν1 [T (to, TOGETHER)] to join together; connect 结合
连接：They coupled the carriages of the train together. 他们
把火车的车厢连接好。 — opposite 反义词 uncouple 2 [I(with)]
(especially of animals) to unite sexually; MATE 交合，〔动物)
交配，交尾
couple sthg. with sthg. phr v [T usually pass. 一般用于被动
语态] to join (one thing or set of things) to (another)使··与·
连合：A reputation for quality, coupled with very competitive
prices, has made these cars very popular. 质量的信誉加上真
正有竞争力的价格，使得这些汽车非常受欢迎
coup. let /'kaplit; 'kvplt/ n two lines of poetry, one following
the other, that are of equal length〔同长度的〕两行诗；对句；对
联：rhyming couplets 押韵的两行诗 — compare 比较 TRIPLET:
see also 另见 HEROIC COUPLET
coup. ling /`kaplin; 'kaplin/ n something that connects two
things, especially two railway carriages 连接器；〔尤指火车车厢
的〕车钩
cou. pon /kupan; 'ku:pon/ n 1 a ticket that shows the right of
the holder to receive some payment, service etc; VOUCHER 优
待券；票证：Tear off this coupon and use it to get 25p off your
next jar of coffee. 撕下这张优待券，用它再买一瓶咖啡可省25
便士。| a 50-cents-off coupon for mayonnaise 50 美分的蛋黄
酱优惠券 2 a printed form on which goods can be ordered, an
ENOUIRY made, a competition entered etc 订货单；查询单：参赛
单；优惠表格：To take advantage of our special offer, simply
fill in the coupon and send it to us. 要得到我们的优惠，只需填
写这份优惠表格并把它寄回给我们。
cour. age /k3id3; 'kvrid3/ n [U] 1 the quality that makes a per-
son able to control fear in the face of danger, pain, misfortune
etc; bravery 勇气，胆量，勇敢：She showed remarkable cour
age when she heard the bad news. 她听到这坏消息时，表现出
非凡的勇气。| a man of great courage 有大勇的人 | I didn't
have the courage to tell him. 我没有勇气告诉他。2 have the
courage of your (own) convictions to be brave enough to do
or say what you think is right 有勇气去做或说自己认为正确的
事 3 take your courage in both hands to gather enough cour-
age to do something that needs a lot of bravery鼓起勇气来面
对困难，敢作敢为 — see also 另见 DUTCH COURAGE
cou·ra·geous /ke`red3es; ke'reid3es/ adj brave; showing cour-
age 勇敢的，有胆量的，无畏的：a courageous action/person 勇
敢的行为[人] | It was courageous of you to say what you did. 
你说出你所做的事情，真是勇敢。 — ~ly adv — ~ness n[U]
cour·gette /kur`38t; kue'3et/ BrE【英】| zucchini AmE【美】
n a small green MARROW (=long vegetable with a dark green
skin) eaten cooked as a vegetable or raw in SALADS 小胡瓜，密
生西葫芦
cou·ri·er' /`kurie; 'kurie/ 1 a person or company that is em-
ployed to carry messages or other official papers, especially of
an urgent or official kind〔传递信件或官方文件的〕信使；〔尤指〕
送急件的人；邮务专递公司：We sent the contract to Tokyo by
courier, 我们用邮务专递将合同送往东京。2 someone who goes
with and looks after travellers on a tour 旅游团全陪导游
courier2v [T(to)] to send with a COURIER1(1)用邮务专递寄送
course1/kors; ko:s/ n 1 the path along which something moves
direction of movement taken by someone or something 所经之
路；方向：the course of a river 河流的走向 | The plane changed
course to avoid the storm. 为避开暴风雨，飞机改变了航向。
The ship was blown off course. 船被（风）吹离了航道。|(fig. 
喻)a politician attempting to steer a middle course between
conservatism and reform 一位企图走介于保守与改革之间的中
间路线的政治家|(fig. 喻)The company is on course to
achieve its profit targets. 这家公司为实现其利润指标正走上正
确的道路。2 [(of) usually sing. 一般用单数] continuous move-
ment from one point to another in space or time 过程；进程：
The enemy should be defeated in the course of (=during) the
year. 敌人在本年内会被打败。| During the course of the nex
few minutes we will be serving tea and biscuits. 下面我们将
用几分钟供应茶点。3 the usual, natural, or established pattern
or process by which something happens or is done 正常情况下
的进展；通常的过程：He has committed a crime and now the
law must take its course. 他犯了罪，现在必须依法处理。| They
decided to let the illness run its course. 他们决定让这病自然
发展下去。| He is charged with attempting to pervert the
course of justice. (=to prevent the law from operating properly)
他被控企图阻挠司法程序。4a plan of action 行动，计划：做法：
Their police officers carry guns, and ours may soon have to
adopt a similar course. 他们的警察带枪，我们的警察不久可能
也要采取同样的做法。| Your best course of action is to try to
forget about her. 你最好的做法是设法忘掉她。5 an area of land
or water on which a race is held or certain types of sport played
球场；竞赛场地；跑道：a golf course 高尔夫球场 | a race course
跑马场 — see also 另见 ASSAULT COURSE 6 [(in)] a set of les-
sons or studies 课程：a course of lectures 系列讲座 | a four-
year history course 四年的历史课程 | to takeldo a course in
car maintenance 修读汽车保养课 — see also 另见 COURSE
BOOK, CRASH COURSE 7 [(of)] especially BrE actions, a set of
events of a planned and fixed number, especially for the pur-
pose of medical treatment【尤英】疗程：a course of drugs/anti-
rabies injections 一个疗程的药；狂犬病的一个注射疗程 8 any
of the different parts of a meal 一道菜：We had a three-course
dinner: chicken soup, roast beef, and ice-cream. 我们这餐吃
了三道菜：鸡汤、烤牛肉和冰淇淋。9 a continuous level line of
bricks, stone etc, all along a wall 〔砌好的〕一层砖[石] — see
also 另见 DAMP COURSE 10 in due course without too much
delay; at the right time 到时候；在适当的时候 11 in the course
of time when enough time has passed 终于；总有一天 12 in
the ordinary/normal course of events/things usually; in the
way things ordinarily happen 按正常情况，通常：In the ordi-
0395
nary course of events they'd be here by now; the plane must
be late. 按正常情况他们现在应该到了；一定是飞机晚点了。13
of course also 又作 course infml【非正式】- a certainly; NATU-
RALLY (3) 当然，自然：Of course I'll give you your money back. 
我当然要还给你钱。|“Were you glad to leave?” “Of course
not!” “你愿意离开吗？” “当然不愿意！”b(often followed by but
and used as a way of introducing a point of doubt or disagree-
ment 后常跟 but, 用以表示怀疑或不同意) I agree (that)我同
意：Of course you must make a profit, but not if it involves
exploiting people. 我同意你应当获得利润，但是这要以不剥削人
民为前提。| Of course these figures may not be completely
accurate, but I think we should take them very seriously. 当
然，这些数字可能不完全准确，但我认为我们不能等闲视之。
see also 另见 MATTER OF COURSE, stay the course (STAY1
□USAGE 用法说明 Of course (=certainly) is a polite way
of agreeing and showing willingness to help, in reply to
requests such as Can you help me? and May I borrow this
book?短语 of course(当然)是以客气的方式表示同意或愿
意提供协助，它可回答 Can you help me?和 May I borrow
this book?一类的请求。But of course is not polite in reply
to a question asking for information. 但在回答打听消息时
用 of course 就是不礼貌的：“Do many students study En
glish at your school?\" \"Yes, they do/Yes, the majority. '
(“在贵校学英语的人多吗？” “是的，学英语的人不少；大多数
人都学。”)The reply of course here would suggest ‘this
fact is so obvious that you ought to know it'. 这里如用 of
course 回答，便暗示“这个事实十分明显，你应该知道。
course2v1 [I+adv/prep] especially lit (of liquid) to flow rapidly
【尤文】奔流：流动：Tears coursed down his cheeks, 眼泪从他
的两颊流下。2 [I; T] BrE to chase (a rabbit or HARE) with dogs
as a sport【英】〔用猎犬〕追猎〔兔子)：to go coursing 用猎犬追
猎兔子
course book /'/ n BrE a book giving information, especially
information that develops slightly every lesson, that is usec
regularly during a whole set of lessons, e. g. during a whole
TERM or year【英】教科书，教程教材 — compare 比较 TEXT
BOOK
*court1/kort: ko:t/ n 1 [C: U] a room or building in which law
cases can be heard and judged 法院；法庭：Silence in court!法
庭里要肃静！|Her case will be heard in the High Court. 她的
案件将在高等法院审理。| The case was settled out of court
(=without having to be heard by a judge)这一案件不经法院审
理而私下了结。| an out-of-court settlement 庭外和解；私了 -
see also 另见 COURT OF APPEAL, COURTROOM, OATH 2 [(the)
U] the people, especially law officers and members of the JURY
who are gathered together in a court to hear and judge a law
case〔一次开庭的〕全体审判员；全体出庭人员：The court stood
when the judge entered. 法官进法庭时，庭内所有人员都起立。|
The defendant told the court that he had never seen the woman
before. 被告对法庭说，他从未见过这位妇女。 — see also 另见
CONTEMPT 3 [C; U] (a part of) an area specially prepared and
marked for various ball games, such as tennis 球场：a squash/
badminton court 壁球[羽毛球] 场 | Are the players on court
yet?球员都上场了吗？ 4 [C] (often cap, as part of a name 常
大写作名字的一部分) a a short street surrounded by buildings
on three sides 〔三面有建筑物的)小街道：They lived in Westbury
Court. 他们住在韦斯特伯里街。b especially BrE a block of
flats【尤英】一栋公寓 c also 又作 courtyard - an open space
wholly or partly surrounded by buildings, especially next to or
inside a castle, large house etc 庭院，院子 5 [C; U] the official
home of a king or queen 宫廷：the Court of Versailles 凡尔赛
宫 | He is well known at courtlin court circles, 他在宫廷里
[宫廷圈子里] 是出了名的。| the newspaper's court correspon-
dent (=a reporter who deals with news concerning the royal
family)宫廷新闻采访记者 6 [C+sing. /pl. v] the king or queer
with his/her family and the officials, noblemen, servants eto
who attend him/her 国王（或女王）及王室、贵族、官员随从等的
统称；朝廷；朝臣：the Moroccan court 摩洛哥朝廷 7 pay court
to old-fash to COURT2 (4)【过时】求婚；求爱 8 rule something
someone out of court to prevent a person, matter, or subject
from being considered by a court of law 使诉讼不受理 9 take
someone to court to start an action in law against someone控
告〔某人) — see also 另见 the ball is in your court(BALL
(11)
court2y 1 [T] to pay attention to (an important or influential
person) in order to gain favour, advantage, approval etc 奉承
讨好：He's courting the farmers because he needs their votes
in the election. 他因为需要农民的选票，所以向他们讨好。2 [T]
to try to obtain (a desired state)设法赢得〔某种地位等)；求取
The teacher tried to court popularity by giving his students
very little work. 老师给学生布置很少的作业以博得他们的好感。
3 [T] to risk (something bad), often foolishly or thoughtlessly
招惹，招致〔不愉快的事)：to court danger/arrest/disaster 招致
危险[逮捕；灾祸]4 [I; T] old-fash【过时】a (of a man) to visit
and pay attention to (a woman he hopes to marry)〔男子向女
子)求婚，求爱：John courted Mary for years. 约翰向玛丽求爱
多年。b(of a man and woman) to be in a relationship that may
lead to marriage 〔男女)交往：a courting couple 一对谈情说爱
的男女
Cour·tauld In. sti·tute, the /`kortold instetiut; 'ko:teuld
instatju:t/ an art GALLERY in London. It is mainly known for
its collection of late 19th and early 20th century paintings. 考
陶尔德美术馆〔伦敦的一家艺术作品陈列馆，主要以19世纪后期
以及20世纪早期的油画藏品闻名〕
court card /' ·/ BrE【英】‖ face card AmE【美】— n the king. 
queen, or JACK in a set of playing cards 花牌〔纸牌中的 K, Q. 
cour·te·ous /k3ties: 'k3:ties/ adj polite and kind; showing good
manners and respect for others 有礼貌的 — opposite 反义词
discourteous — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
cour·te·san /kortezn; ko:t'zaen/ n (especially in former times)
a woman who takes payment for sex from noble and socially
important people; a high-class PROSTITUTE〔昔日与贵族和要人
周旋的〕高级妓女，交际花
cour·te·sy /`k3·tesi; 'k3:tsi/ n 1 [U] polite behaviour; good
manners 有礼的举止，礼貌：I really think you should tell her
you've given the job to someone else; it's a matter of com-
mon courtesy. (=accepted politeness)我真的认为你应该告诉
她你已经把这份工作给别人了，这是起码的礼貌。 — opposite反
义词 discourtesy 2 [C] a polite or kind action or expression 礼
貌的行为 3(by) courtesy of by the permission or generosity
of (someone), usually without payment〔尤指不收取费用〕由于. 
的好意；承蒙··的允许：This picture appears in the exhibition
by courtesy of the National Art Collection. 这幅画蒙国家画廊
的允许在画展上展出。
courtesy ti·tle /'··/ n a title given (e. g. to certain relatives
of British PEERS) by polite custom and not held by legal right
〔没有法律实效的〕爵号<如英国贵族某些亲属的封号>
court house /`kort haus; 'ko:thaus/n-houses /-hauziz; -hauzz/
especially AmE a building containing courts of law【尤美】法
院（大楼）
courtier /`kortie; 'ko:tie/ n (in former times) a noble who at-
tended at the court of a king or other ruler〔昔日的〕侍臣；廷臣
courtly kortli; 'ko:tli/ adj graceful and polite in manners 有礼
貌的，谦恭的：courtly behaviour 有礼的举止 --liness n [U]
court-mar-tial1 / '·/ n courts-martial or court martials 1 a
military court of officers appointed to try people for offences
against military law 军事法庭：He was tried by court-martial
他受到了军事法庭的审判。2 a trial before such a court 军事法
庭的审判
court-martial2ν -ll- BrE【英】‖ -I- AmE【美】[T] to try (some-
one)in a court-martial以军法审判〔某人
Court of Ap-peal, the /. '/ the Appeal Court the second
most important court of law in the British legal system, which
examines a criminal or CIVIL case that has already been judged
in a lower (=less powerful) court. If people are not satisfied
with the decision made at the Court of Appeal, the case can
then be taken to the HOUSE OF LORDS. 英国上诉法院〔英国司法
体系中第二重要的一级法院，受理已经下级法院审理的刑事或民事
案件。人们如果对它的裁决不满，可上诉至上议院
Court of Appeals, the /·'/ the Appellate Court the sec
ond most important court of law in the US legal system. It
examines FEDERAL cases and cases that have already been
judged in a lower (=less powerful) court. If people are not sat-
isfied with the decision made at the Court of Appeals, the case
can then be taken to the SUPREME COURT. 美国上诉法院〔美国
司法体系中第二重要的一级法院，受理联邦案件及已经下级法院审
理的案件。人们如果对它的裁决不满，可上诉至最高法院〕
court of in-quir. y /·. '·/n courts of inquiry especially BrE
a body of people appointed to find out the facts or causes of a
particular event, especially an accident【尤英】调查法庭：The
government set up a court of inquiry to investigate the causes
of the air disaster. 政府成立一调查法庭调查空难的原因。
compare 比较 GRAND JURY
court of law /· '/ n courts of law a COURT'(1, 2)法院；法庭：
全体出庭人员[审判员]
Court of Ses. sion, the /，'·/ the most important CIVIL cour
of law in the Scottish legal system 苏格兰最高民事法庭
0396
Court of St James, the // one of the old names of the
official home of the British king or queen. Formally, an AMBAS
SADOR(=the official representative of a country) who is sent
to the UK from a foreign country is called the 'Ambassador to
the Court of St James'. 英国宫廷〔英国国王或女王官方住所的
古老名称之一。以前被派往英国的外国大使被称为“Ambassador
to the Court of St James”(驻英国宫廷大使))
court or. der /， ·/ n an order given by a court of law that
someone must do or not do something 法院指令
court re·port. er / ·'·/ n a person who records, on a special
machine similar to a TYPEWRITER, everything that is said in a
court during a case 法庭记录员
court-room /`kort rum; 'ko:tru:m/n the room in which a TRIAL
is held 法庭，审判室
court-ship /`kort-fip; 'ko:t-fip/ n 1 [C; U] (the length of time
taken by) the act of courting(COURT2(4)求爱；求爱期 2[U]
special behaviour, dancing etc used by animals to attract each
other before mating (MATE)〔动物)求偶；求爱行为； unusual
courtship displays 不寻常的求爱表示
court shoe /' ·/ `n BrE【英】‖ high heel, heel AmE【美】- a
type of plain shoe with middle sized heels and no fastenings
〔鞋跟不高无鞋带的〕便鞋，（半）高跟浅帮鞋
court-vard /`kort jard; 'ko:tju:d/n a COURT' (4c)庭院，院子
cous. cous /kuskus; 'ku:sku:s/n [U] a North African dish, made
of specially prepared crushed wheat cooked in steam and served
with cooked meat (especially lamb) and yegetables_粉蒸羊肉
〔北非的一道菜，将粗麦粉蒸熟，与煮好的羊肉和蔬菜一起吃〕
cous·in /`kvzn; 'kvzan/ n 1 also 又作 first cousin - the child
of your uncle or aunt 堂 [表]兄弟；堂 [表]姐妹：These are my
cousins, Tom and Liz. 这是我的表兄妹，汤姆和利兹。 — see also
另见 COUNTRY COUSIN, FIRST COUSIN, KISSING COUSIN, and
SECOND COUSIN 2 a related person or thing 同性质的人或物
He's a distant cousin of mine. 他是我的远房亲戚。| the people
of Spain and their cousins in South America 西班牙人和他们
的南美亲戚
Cous·teau /ku`sto; ku:'steu/, Jacques /3aek; 3aek/ (1910-1997
a French underwater EXPLORER, famous for making films about
the plants and animals that live in the sea. He also helped to
invent the AOUALUNG. 康斯托〔(1910-1997)，法国水下探险家，
以制作有关海洋动、植物的影片出名。他也参与发明了水肺〕
Cou. sy /`kuzi; 'ku:zi/, Bob (1928-)a US BASKETBALL player
who was a GUARD for the Boston Celtics team from 1950 to
1963. He is known for his skill at passing (PASS), and he helped
the Celtics win the NBA CHAMPIONSHIP every year from 1959 to
1963. 库西〔(1928-)，美国篮球运动员，曾于1950年至1963年
间担任波士顿凯尔特人队的后卫，以传球技术闻名，为凯尔特人队
在1959至1963年间连年夺得全国篮球协会冠军立下汗马功劳〕
cou·ture /ku`tur; ku:'tjue/ also 又作 haute couture - n [U]
the business of making and selling fashionable women's clothes
女式时装业 - -turier /ku`turia; ku:'tjuarier/ n
cove1 /kov; keuv/ n a small sheltered opening in the coastline
small BAY1小海湾
cove2n BrE old-fash slang a man【英，过时，俚】男人，家伙
cov. en /kavn; 'kvvan/ n [C+sing. /pl. v] a gathering of witches
(WITCH)巫婆的集会
cov·e·nant1 /kavenent; 'kavenent/n 1 a formal solemn agree-
ment between two or more people or groups 盟约，契约2 BrE
a DEED OF COVENANT【英】〔在英国，一段时期内向个人或慈善机
构捐款的〕盖印合同，契约
covenant2v [T] to promise in writing by a covenant; PLEDGE
(立契约)保证：I covenanted (to pay/that I would pay) ￡50 a
year to help rebuild the college. 我立约保证每年将付 50 英镑
帮助重建学院
Cov·ent Gar. den /kvvent`gardn; kovant 'ga:dn/ 1 an area
of London once famous for its fruit and vegetable market, now
replaced by expensive but popular shops, eating places etc科
文特加登〔伦敦的一个区域，一度曾以蔬菜水果市场出名，现在已
被商品售价高但广受欢迎的店铺、饭店等所替代〕— see colour
map on page A4 参见 A4页彩色地图 2 another name for the
Royal Opera House, which is next to the place where Covent
Garder market used to be_科文特加登歌剧院(英国皇家歌剧院
的别称，该剧院位于科文特加登市场原址旁边〕
Cov·en. try /kaventri; 'kavantri/ n 1 an industrial city in cen-
tral England. Its CATHEDRAL(=large important church) was
built in 1962 to replace a very old cathedral that was destroyed
by bombs in World War II. The University of Warwick is in
Coventry. 考文垂〔英格兰中部一工业城市，其大教堂建于1962
年，取代了在第二次世界大战中遭轰炸破坏的一座极古老的大教
堂，沃里克大学也在该市)2 send someone to Coventry(of a
group of people) to refuse to speak to someone as a sign of
disapproval or as a punishment; OSTRACIZE〔一群人〕拒绝与某
人交谈或来往〔表示不赞同或处罚〕；把某人排斥在集体之外
*cov. er1 /`kvve; 'kave/ v 1 [T (OVER, with)] to place something
upon or over (something) in order to protect or hide it 遮盖；遮
蔽：We covered the body with a sheet. 我们用床单覆盖尸体。|
Cover the food with a cloth. 用布把食品盖起来。| The noise
was so loud that she covered her ears with her hands. 噪音大
极了，她只好用手把耳朵捂上。2 [T] to be or lie on or over the
surface of (something); spread over (something)覆盖：The fur-
niture was covered in/with dust. 家具蒙上了灰尘。| The wa-
tr kept risin till it almost coverea our heads. 水不断上涨, 
几乎没过了我们的头顶。3 [T] to fill(an area); EXTEND over包
含，包括：The city covers 25 square miles. 这个城市的面积为
25平方英里。4 [T] to complete (a distance) by travelling 走完
(一段路程)：We aimed to cover 400 miles before nightfall. 天
黑前我们打算走完400英里。|(fig. 喻)After 25 lessons we
had only covered half the course. 上完 25 课以后，我们只上了
一半课程。5 [T] to deal with or take into account 涉及，处理：
考虑：The book covers the period from 1870 to 1914. 这本书
涉及1870至1914年这个时期。|The rights of part-time work-
ers are not covered by these regulations. 这些条例不涉及非
全日工人的权利。6 [T] to report the details of (an event) for a
newspaper, TV station etc 报道：She covered the Ethiopian
famine for CBS news. 她为哥伦比亚广播公司报道了埃塞俄比
亚的饥荒情况。7 [T] to be enough money for 够支付：Wil f10
cover the cost of the damage? 10 英镑够赔偿这项损失吗？8
[T (against)] to protect from loss; insure 保险：Are you cov-
ered against fire?你保火险了吗？ 9 [T] a to protect (a person)
by aiming a gun at an enemy 掩护：The sheriff walked into the
street while his deputy covered him from an upstairs window. 
县治安官走上大街，他的副手从楼上窗口用枪掩护他。b to keep
a gun aimed at (someone)用枪瞄准：The policeman covered
the suspect while I searched him. 我给嫌疑犯搜身时，警察用
枪对着他。10 [T] to watch (a building, area etc) for possible
trouble 监视〔某个地方)：The police have got all the roads
out of town covered. 警察监视着所有市外的道路。11 [T] (in
sport) a to watch and stay close to (an opponent)〔体育)盯防
(对方队员)b to defend (an area or position) against attack by
the other team 防守〔某个区域或位置)：Cover the goalmouth
Pat! 守住球门，帕特！ | Who's covering second base? 谁在守
垒？ 12 [I(for)] to take responsibility in place of someone
who is absent 代理：John's ill today, so Jean's covering for
him. 今天约翰病了, 所以琼代替他。 13 cover (all) the e bases
AmE to know the weak points (in an argument, plan etc) and
be prepared to defend them【美】自圆其说；弥补漏洞：I don't
think you've covered all your bases in this merger proposal
我认为你并不能弥补这项合并计划的漏洞。
cover sthg. up phr v 1 [T] to prevent from being noticed
or becoming publicly known 掩饰，隐藏：He tried to cover up
his nervousness. 他竭力掩饰内心的紧张。| The newspapers
printed the story before the government could cover it up. 在
政府还没有来得及掩饰之前，报纸就发表了事实真相。 — see also
另见 COVER-UP 2 [I] infml to cover the body【非正式】遮住身
体：Women in Muslim countries cover up when they go out. 
穆斯林国家的妇女外出时浑身裹得严严实实。| If you don't cover
up you'll catch cold! 如果不穿好衣服的话，你会感冒的。
cover up for sbdy. phr v [T] infml to hide something wrong
or dishonourable in order to save (another person) from pun-
ishment, blame etc【非正式】为〔某人〕掩盖罪行[错误]；包庇
*cover2n 1 [C] something that protects or encloses by covering, 
especially a piece of material, lid, or top 覆盖物，遮盖物：an
engine cover 发动机的套罩| a cushion cover 垫子套| a man
hole cover 下水道出入口盖子| Put another cover on the bed
if you get cold. 你如果觉得冷，就再往床上加一条毯子。2 [C]
the outer front or back page of a magazine or book封面；封底
I only bought the book because of its cover. 我是为了这本书
的封面才买了它的。| She read the book from cover to cover
(=from beginning to end)这本书她从头到尾读了一遍。3 [U]
shelter or protection 掩蔽处，掩体：The soldiers had no cover
from the enemy guns. 士兵无处躲避敌人的炮火。| When it
started raining, we took cover (=sheltered) under a tree. 开
始下雨时，我们到树下避雨。| They escaped under cover of
darkness. 他们趁着黑夜逃跑了。| The union provided safety
cover (=did necessary safety work) for the mine during the
strike. 罢工期间, 工会为矿山采取了安全措施。- — see also另见
break cover (BREAK') 4 [U (against)] insurance against loss, 
damage etc 保险：We've got full cover against fire and theft
我们保了完全火险和防盗险。5[S; U] something that hides or
keeps something secret 掩饰；掩护：Their travel business is
just a cover for a drug-smuggling operation. 他们经营的旅游
0397
业只是为了掩盖毒品走私活动。6[C] tech a place for one per-
son set at a table with a knife, fork etc【术语】〔饭桌上一个人用
的一副〕全套餐具 7 [U] tech the plant life of an area【术语】一
个地区生长的植物，覆盖植物8 under plain/separate cover in
a plain/separate envelope 在未写明寄件人、内容等的信封[包裹
内；在另函内 — see also 另见 FIRST DAY COVER
cov·er. age /`kvverid3; 'kvvarid3/ n [U] 1 the amount of time
and space given by television, a newspaper etc to a particular
subject or event 报道 （范围） ；报道量：The wedding got mas-
sive media coverage. 婚礼得到大众传媒的广泛报道。| The
President's visit got blanket coverage. (=coverage in news
bapers, on the radio, on television etc)总统来访得到了全面的
报道。2 the amount of protection given by insurance; risks
covered by insurance 保险范围；保险项目
cov·er·alls /`kvva, ols; 'kavero:lz/ n [P] AmE【美】= a BOILER
SUIT
cover charge /'. / n a charge made by a restaurant in addition
to the cost of the food and drinks or the cost of service 〔饭店等
的〕服务费
covered wag. on /· ·/ n a large horse-drawn vehicle with
rounded cloth-covered top, in which settlers crossed N America
in the WILD WEST 有篷大马车，大篷车 — see colour picture on
page A16参见A16页彩图
cover girl/'. /n a young attractive woman whose photograph
is on the cover of a magazine （杂志的）封面女郎； her cover girl
looks 她那封面女郎般的外表
cov. er·ing/kvverin; 'kavarin/ n something that covers or hides
覆盖物：a light covering of snow 薄薄的一层雪
covering let·ter /··/ BrE【英】‖cover letter /'·，·/ AmE
【美】- n a letter or note containing an explanation or addi-
tional information, sent with a parcel or another letter〔附于包
裹或另一信件中作为说明或附言的)附函 — compare 比较COM
PLIMENT SLIP
cov. er. let /`kave-lit; 'kvvelt/ n = BEDSPREAD
cover note /'. / n especially BrE a document giving insur-
ance cover t
prepared【尤英】〔正式保单生效前保险公司提供的〕临时保险单
承保条
cover sto. ry/. . /n a story to go with the picture on the cover
of a magazine 封面故事〔杂志中与封面图片有关的文章)
cov. ert1/kovet; 'kavet/ adj secret or hidden; not openly shown
or admitted 秘密的；隐藏的：covert dislike 隐藏的憎恶 | co-
vert activity by the CIA to undermine their government 中央
情报局的要颠覆他们政府的秘密活动 — opposite 反义词 overt
 — ~ly ady
cov. ert2/`kvvet; 'kavet/ n a thick growth of bushes and small
trees in which animals can hide 〔动物藏身的〕树丛
cover-up /'·. / n [(for)] an attempt to prevent something
dishonourable or criminal from becoming publicly known掩
饰；掩盖 — see also 另见 COVER up
cov. et/`kavit; 'kvvt/ v [T] especially bibl or humor to desire
eagerly(especially something belonging to another person)【尤
圣经或幽默】贪求：垂涎，觊觎：He won the coveted Lawsor
Award. (=which everyone wants to win)他赢得了人人都垂涎
的劳森奖
cov. et. ous/kvvetes; 'kavtes/ adj derog too eager for wealth
or property or for someone else's possessions【贬】贪婪的；垂
涎的 — ~ly adv
cov. et. ous. ness/kavitesnis; 'kavtesns/n [U] the state of
being covetous. Covetousness is one of the SEVEN DEADLY SINS
贪婪〔七宗罪之一〕
cov. ey/`kovI; 'kvvi/ n a small group of PARTRIDGES, GROUSE, 
or other birds〔鹧鸪、松鸡等的〕一小群
*cow1/kau; kau/ n 1 a fully grown female type of cattle, kept on
farms, especially to provide milk. In stories, cows are often
named Daisy or Buttercup. 母牛；奶牛〔在故事中，它们经常被
起名为戴西或巴特卡普)：Bring the cows in for milking. 把母
牛带进来挤奶。| A young cow is called a calf. 幼小的母牛叫
牛犊。 a herd of 25 cows 一群 25 头母牛 — see also 另见
FRIESIAN, JERSEY (2)， MOO; see 参见 MEAT (USAGE) 2 the
female of certain other large sea and land animals 其他一些雌
性动物<如雌性犀牛、大象、鲸等>：a cow elephant 雌象 - com
pare 比较 BULL' (2)， HEIFER 3 derog slang a woman【贬，俚】
女人；婆娘：You silly cow!你这个傻婆娘！4 have a cowinfml
humor, especially AmE to react to something by becoming
very excited, angry, or emotional, and to express your emotions, 
e. g. by shouting【非正式，幽，尤美】〔对某事〕反应强烈，情绪激
动：My mom had a cow last night because we didn't come
home until midnight. 昨晚我妈大发雷霆，因为我们半夜才回到
家。| Okay, okay! Don't have a cow!行了，行了！别那么激
动！ 5 How now, brown cow? a phrase used in Britain in the
past to teach people to speak in a socially acceptable way, rather
than with a regional ACCENT〔以前在英国教人们以社交上被接
受的口音而不带地方口音说话时用的一句短语〕6 till the 'cows
come home infml for a very long time, possibly for ever【非正
式】永远；没完没了地：You can sit there till the cows come home, 
but I don't think she'll turn up. 你可以坐在那里没完没了地等
下去，不过我认为她不会来了。 — see also 另见 SACRED COW
cow2v [T] to bring under control by violence or threats _恐吓，
威胁：The people were cowed by the execution of their leaders. 
人民因自己的领袖被处死而吓住了。
Cow & Gate// trademark a type of food and milk product
for babies【商标】“牛栏”牌婴儿食品[乳制品]
*cow. ard /`kaued; 'kaued/ n derog a person who is afraid to
face danger, pain, or hardship; a person who shows fear in a
dishonourable way【贬】胆小鬼；懦夫：I'm afraid I'm something
of a coward when it comes to snakes. 说到蛇，恐怕我就有点像
个胆小鬼了。| You snivelling little coward! 你这个哭哭啼啼
的胆小鬼
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Cowards are connected
with the colour yellow, and people sometimes say that a
coward is ‘yellow’or 'yellow-bellied'. 胆小鬼常常与黄色
有关，人们有时把胆小鬼形容成“vellow”或“vellow-bellied”。
Coward. Sir No. el /`noel; 'neuel/ (1899-1973) a British actor
singer, and writer of songs and plays, known especially for his
clever and humorous plays, such as Private Lives and Blithe
Spirit, and his amusing song Mad Dogs and Englishmen 科沃
德〔(1899-1973)，英国演员、歌手兼歌曲、戏剧作家，尤以其充满
智慧的喜剧闻名，如《私生活》、《欢乐的心灵》等及有趣的歌曲《疯
狗和英国人》〕
cow·ard·ice/`kaue·dis; 'kaueds/ also 又作 cow·ard·li·ness/
`kauedlimes; 'kauedlims/ - n [U] derog lack of courage【贬】
胆小，懦弱：He was accused of cowardice in the face of the
enemy. 他被指责在敌人面前胆小如鼠。
*cow. ard. ly/kaue-dli; 'kauedli/ adj derog typical of a coward; 
showing a dishonourable lack of courage【贬】胆小的，懦弱的：
cowardly behaviour 胆小的行为
cow. bell/kau, bal; 'kaubel/ n a bell hung from the neck of a
cow so that the cow can be easily found 牛的颈铃
cow. boy/`kau, boi; 'kauboi/ n1 also 又作 cowhand, cowpoke
infml【非正式】-- a person employed to look after cattle, espe-
cially on horseback in N America〔尤指北美的)骑马牧人；牛
仔；牧童：cowboy boots 牛仔靴 — see also 另见 COWBOYS AND
INDIANS — see also 另见 WESTERN — see colour picture on
page A16参见A16页彩图
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Americans stil think of
cowboys as honest, independent, and strong men. This ro-
mantic view of the American cowboy comes more from
films and books than from real life. People think of cow-
boys as wearing blue JEANS. cowboy boots, and a special
large hat called a STETSON. In the US, people sometimes
go on VACATIONs where they do the work of a cowboy. 美
国人依然认为牛仔是诚实、独立、强壮的男子。这种带有浪漫
色彩的观点源自电影和书本，而不是来自现实生活。在人们心
目中，牛仔穿着蓝色牛仔裤、牛仔靴，戴牛仔帽。在美国，人们
有时去度假时于牛仔所干的活
2 BrE slang someone who is careless and dishonest in business
【英俚】马虎不诚实的商人：a firm of cowboy builders 马虎而又
不诚实的建筑商
cowboy boots/'/n pl. high leather boots that are popular
in the US. They have pointed toes, fairly high heels, are deco
rated with stitching, and are typically worn by COWBOYS, and
COUNTRY AND WESTERN singers. 牛仔靴〔在美国广受欢迎的一
种高统皮靴，尖头、高跟，有缝线装饰花纹，一般为牛仔以及乡村歌
手所穿〕
cowboy film/'·/ BrE【英】‖cowboy movie AmE【美】— n
infml a WESTERN2【非正式】美国西部影片
cowboy hat/'/n a STETSON
cowboys and In. di. ans/·. . ·/ n [P+sing. v] a game played
by children who act the parts of cowboys and Native Ameri-
cans (Indians) as they have seen them in films (WESTERNS)“牛
仔追印第安人”〔一种儿童游戏) ：Let's play cowboys and Indians. 
我们来玩“牛仔追印第安人”吧。| Cowboys and Indians is their
favourite game. “牛仔追印第安人”是他们最喜欢玩的游戏。
ow. catch·er/kau, kaetfo; 'kau, kaetfe/n a strong metal frame
on the front of a railway engine to push objects off the track
0398
〔火车机车前的〕排障装置
cow·er /kaue: 'kaue/ v [I (DOWN)] to bend low and move back
because of fear or shame; CRINGE〔因害怕、羞耻等而〕退缩，畏
缩；屈缩：The dog cowered when its master shouted at it. 狗受
到主人大声呵斥而退缩。| We found the kidnapped children
cowering in a corner. 我们发现被绑架的儿童畏缩在角落里。
Cowes /kauz: kauz/ an English holiday town and sailing centre
on the Isle of Wight in the English Channel. Every year there is a
REGATTA (=series of boat races) there, known as Cowes Week
which a lot of rich and fashionable people attend, 考斯〔英国度假
小镇以及帆船运动中心，位于英吉利海峡的怀特岛上。那里每年都
举行赛船会，称“考斯赛船会”，有许多富人及上流社会人士参加〕
cow. girl /kaug3l; 'kaug3:l/ n a female person employed to look
after cattle, especially on horseback in N America〔尤指北美骑
在马背上的)牧牛女工
cow-hand /kau haend; 'kauhaend/ n a person employed to look
after cattle; a COWBOY, cowgirl, or cowherd 牧场工人；牧牛工
cow·herd /`kau h3d; 'kauh3:d/ n a person employed to look
after cows and milk them 牧牛工；养牛员
cow·hide /`kau haid; 'kauhaid/ n [C; U] (a) skin of a cow, with
or without the hair on it 牛皮
cowl /kaul; kaul/ n 1 a loose head covering (a HOOD) for the
whole of the head except the face, worn especially by MONKS
〔修道士等穿的蒙头的〕风帽 2 a metal chimney-top cover that
is moved by the wind to allow smoke to escape〔烟囱的〕通风
帽，烟囱帽 3 a cover for an engine; cowling 发动机外罩
cow-lick /`kau lik; 'kau lik/ n especially AmE a small mass of
hair that stands up from the head【尤美】额前翘起的一绺头发
cowl·ing /'kaulin; 'kaulin/ also 又作 cowl - n a removable
metal cover for an aircraft engine〔飞机的)发动机外罩，整流罩
cowl neck /，· '·/ also 又作 cowl neck·line /，· '·/ — n the neck
of an article of clothing which falls in folds at the front 〔服装
的〕胸前皱领
cow·man /`'kaumen: 'kaumen/ n-men /-men; -men/ 1 BrE a
man emploved to look after COWs; COWHERD【英】牧牛工：养
牛员 2 AmE a man who owns a RANCH (=land on which cows
are raised)【美】大牧场主
co-work·er /ko `w3ke; keu 'w3:ke/ n a fellow-worker 同事
cow·pat /`kau paet; 'kaupaet/ BrE【英】‖cow chip, cow·pat·ty
/`kaupaeti; 'kaupaeti/ AmE【美】- n euph a flat lump of cow
DUNG【婉】牛粪
cow·poke /`kau, pok; 'kaupeuk/ n AmE infml a COWBOY【美，
非正式】骑马牧人；牛仔
cow·pox /'kau paks; 'kauppks/ n [U] a disease of the cow which. 
when given to humans, protects them against SMALLPOX 牛痘
cow·punch·er /`kau, pantf; 'kaupantfe/ n AmE infmla
coWboY【美, 非正式】骑马牧人:牛仔
cow. rie, cowry /kauri; 'kauri/ n a shiny brightly marked tropi-
cal shell, formerly used as money in parts of Africa and Asia
〔古时亚非一些地区作货币用的〕贝壳
cow·shed /`kau, fad; 'kaufed/ also 又作 cow·house /-，haus:
-haus/- n a building to which cows are taken to be milked or
in which they live in winter 牛棚，牛舍
cow·slip /`kau slip; 'kau, slip/ n a small European wild plant of
the PRIMROSE family which has sweet-smelling yellow flow. 
ers 黄花九轮草，野樱草
cox /kaks; koks/ also 又作 cox·swain /`kaksn; 'koksan/ fml【正
式】- n a person who guides and controls a rowing boat, espe-
cially in races （赛艇）舵手 — see also 另见 BOX AND COX -
coxν[I; T]
cox. comb kaks kom; 'kokskeum/ n 1 old use a foolish man
who spends too much time and money on his clothes and
appearance【旧】特别注意衣着的花花公子 2 a COCKSCOMB(2)
小丑戴的帽子
Cox's /`kaksiz; 'koksz/ n a popular type of English apple, whose
full name is ‘Cox's orange pippin’考克斯苹果〔深受人们喜爱
的一种英国苹果，其全称是“Cox's orange pippin”)
coy /kor; koi/ adj showing a (pretended) lack of self-confidence
especially in order to attract interest or to avoid dealing with
something difficult 腼腆的，害羞的；故作忸怩的：She gave him
a coy smile. 她对他含羞一笑。 | Don't be so coy -- I know
you'd like to do the job really. 不要这样忸怩作态 -- 我知道
你真的喜欢做这工作。 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
coy. ote /kar`ot; 'kor-eut/ n a wild dog that lives in the west of
North America and Mexico〔北美西部和墨西哥的〕郊狼，丛林狼
coy. pu /'koipu; 'koipu:/ n-pus or -pu a large water rat of S
America, kept on fur farms for its valuable fur called NUTRIA
河鼠〔产于南美，亦人工饲养以取其珍贵毛皮〕
coz·en /`kazn; 'kvzan/ ν [T] old use to trick; deceive【旧】欺骗. 
哄骗
co·zy /`kozi; 'keuzi/ adj AmE for【美】= COSY - -zily ad
ziness n [U]
CP /si `pi; si: 'pi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= COMMUNIST PARTY
CPA
/si pi`e; si: pi: 'ei/ n abbrev. for 缩写= a CERTIFIED PUB-
LIC ACCOUNTANT; an ACCOUNTANT in the US who has passed
all the necessary examinations〔美国的〕特许会计师
CPR / si pi `ar; si: pi: 'a:/ n [U] abbrev. for 缩写=cardiopul-
monary resuscitation; the act of breathing into someone's mouth
and pressing several times on their chest, to make them breathe
again after their heart stops beating 心肺复苏（术） — compare
比较 ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
CPRE, the /si pi ar `i; si: pi: a:' 'i:/ abbrev. for 缩写= the
Council for the Protection of Rural England; an organization
whose aim is to prevent farmers and DEVELOPERS (=companies
that build houses, offices, shops, or roads) from destroying the
countryside in England 英格兰乡村保护委员会〔旨在防止农场
主和开发商破坏英国乡间环境的一个组织
CPS, the /，si pi`ss; si: pi: 'es/ abbrev. for 缩写= The CROWN
PROSECUTION SERVICE
CPU / si pi `ju; , si: pi: 'ju:/ abbrev. for 缩写= CENTRAL PRO-
CESSING UNIT
CPVE /si pi vi`i; si: pi: vi: 'i:/ abbrev. for 缩写=CERTIFICATE
OF PRE-VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
crab1/kraeb; kraeb/ n 1 [C] a
sea animal with a flattened
crab 蟹
shell-covered body and five
pairs of legs, of which the
front pair are large powerful
PINCERS 蟹 2 [U] the flesh
of this animal cooked as food
蟹肉：crab salad 蟹肉色拉 --
see also 另见 CRABS
crab2ν-bb-[I (about)] infml
to complain in a bad-tempered way; GRUMBLE【非正式】抱怨，
发牢骚
crab ap·ple /'. ·/ also 又作 crab - n (the tree that produces)
a small sour apple, often used to make jelly 沙果；小红果
crab·bed /kraebid; 'kraebd/ adj1 BrE (of writing) difficult to
read because the letters are too close together【英】〔字迹〕潦草
的，难认的 2 old-fash crabby【过时】乖戾的；易怒的 — ~ly adv
~ness n [U]
crab·by /kraebi; 'kraebi/ adj infml bad-tempered; IRRITABLE【非
正式】脾气坏的，易怒的
crab-grass /`kraebgraes; 'kraebgra:s/n [U] a type of rough grass
that grows easily in LAWNS and is difficult to get rid of 马唐
〔一种容易在草坪上生长而且难以去除的野草〕
crabs /kraebz: kraebz/ n [(the) Pl the condition of having a kind
of LOUSE (crab louse) in the hair around the sexual organs生
阴虱；长毛虱（的状况）
crab·wise /kraebwaiz; 'kraebwaiz/ also 又作 crab·ways /-wez; 
-weiz/ - adv sideways, especially in an awkward manner 横
向地；侧面朝前地；蟹行地
*crack1 /kraek; kraek/ v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) break without divid-
ing into separate parts; split （使）破裂；（使）裂开：Don't pour
hot water into the glass or it will crack. 不要把热水倒进玻璃
杯里，不然它会炸裂的。| The window was cracked but not
broken. 窗户的玻璃裂了但没有碎。— see 参见 BREAK (USAGE)
2 [I; T (OPEN)] to (cause to) break open 打开；砸开：to crack
nuts 砸开干果 | I cracked two eggs into a frying-pan. 我往平
底锅里打了两个鸡蛋。3 [I; T] to (cause to) make a sudden loud
sharp sound （使） 发爆裂声：The whip cracked threateningly
鞭子发出劈里啪啦的声音，很是吓人。4 [I](of a person's voice)
to change suddenly in level, loudness etc 〔声音〕变嘶哑：His
voice cracked with emotion. 由于激动，他的声音变得嘶哑。5
[I; T] to (cause to) hit with a sudden hard blow(使)重击：The
boy fell and cracked his head against the wall. 那男孩摔倒
了，头撞到了墙上。6 [I(UP)] to lose control or effectiveness as
a result of difficulties or pressure; fail 失去控制；崩溃：The
whole political system is beginning to crack up. 整个政治制
度开始崩溃。| The prisoner is refusing to give information
but he may crack under torture. 囚犯拒绝提供情况，但在酷刑
下他可能屈服。7 [T] infml to make (a joke)【非正式】说〔笑话〕
8 [T] to discover the secret of (a CODE1(1)揭开秘密；破译〔密
码)9 [T] infml to open (a bottle) for drinking【非正式】打开〔瓶
子)10 crack a smile AmE infml to smile, especially after be-
ing upset or angry【美，非正式】〔尤指在不安或生过气之后〕绽露
笑容 11 crack open the books AmE infml to begin studying
【美，非正式】开始学习 12 cracked up to be infml generally
believed to be or regarded as being【非正式】被吹捧：This pub
isn't all it's cracked up to be -- the beer's terrible. 这家酒吧
0399
没有一般人说的那么好——啤酒味道糟透了。13 get cracking‖
also 又作 get weaving BrE【英】- infml【非正式】a to start
working hard at something 开始卖力地干 b to go or leave
quickly 急忙离开
crack down phr v [I (on)] to take strong and severe action to
deal with something bad 〔对·〕采取严厉措施；制裁；镇压：The
police are cracking down on illegal gambling. 警察对非法赌
博正采取严厉措施。 — see also 另见 CRACKDOWN
crack on phr v [I (with)] BrE infml to continue working
very hard (on something)【英，非正式】继续卖力地干下去
crack up phr v infml【非正式】1 [I] to suffer a sudden and
complete loss of physical or especially mental strength and
ability〔身体，尤其是精神和能力〕突然垮掉，崩溃：Now, where
did I put those papers this time? I think I must be cracking
up!哎，这一次我又把那些文件放哪儿了？我想我一定是累垮了！
 — see also 另见 CRACKUP 2 [I] to laugh 大笑；发笑：We cracked
up when he did his George Bush imitation, 在他模仿乔治·布
什的样子时，我们捧腹大笑。3 [T (crack sbdy. → up)] to cause
to laugh 使某人发笑：She really cracks me up with her bored
housewife jokes. 她那种无聊家庭主妇式的玩笑真让我觉得好笑。
*crack2n 1 a line of division caused by splitting; very thin mark
or opening caused by breaking, but not into separate parts裂
缝，龟裂：There's a crack in this cuplin the window. 杯子[窗
子]上有条裂璺。| Small cracks were found in the aircraft's
wings. 发现飞机两翼有一些小裂璺。|(fig. 喻) The door was
opened just a crack. 门只开了一道缝。2 a loud sharp sound 爆
裂声，劈啪声：a crack of thunder 一声霹雳 | the crack of a
pistol 手枪声 3 a sudden sharp blow, especially caused acci-
dentally 意外的一下重击：I got a nasty crack on the head when
I went through that low door. 我走过那矮门时，把头给重重撞
了一下。4 [(at) usually sing. 一般用单数] infml an attempt【非
正式】试图，尝试：I've never done this before, but I'll have a
crack (at it). 我以前从未做过这个, 不过我将试试看。5[(abou)]
a clever quick joke or remark 俏皮话：He's always making
cracks about my big feet. 他总是拿我的一双大脚开玩笑。 6 a
sudden change in the level or loudness of the voice〔嗓子〕变
音，粗哑 7 at the crack of dawn very early in the morning 大
清早，黎明 8 the crack of doom old-fash, often humor the
end of the world【过时，常幽】世界末日 9 a fair crack of the
whip BrE infml a fair chance of doing something【英，非正式】
均等的机会 — see also 另见 paper over the cracks (PAPER2)
crack3 adj [A] of very high quality or skill 第一流的；技术高超的：a
crack commandc unit一支精锐的突击队| a crack shot/lmark-
man (=someone who always hits what they shoot at)神枪手
crack4 also 又作 crack cocaine - n [U] slang an extremely
pure form of the drug COCAINE, which is illegally taken for plea-
sure. It is an ADDICTIVE drug and is a big social problem in
some countries, especially the US. 【俚】强效可卡因〔一种能使
人上瘾的毒品。在一些国家，尤其美国，这是一个很大的社会问题)
crack ba. by/'·/ n a baby whose mother used the illegal drug
CRACK while she was PREGNANT. Crack babies are usually more
nervous or excited than other babies. and they need a lot of
care in order to develop normally. 可卡因婴儿〔指吸食强效可
卡因的孕妇所产下的婴儿，他们一般比其他孩子更神经质，情绪激
动，需要许多关怀才能正常成长〕
crack·brained /`kraek`brend; 'krakbreind/ adj foolish; CRAZY
愚蠢的：疯狂的：a crackbrained idea愚蠢的想法
crack-down /`kraek daun; 'kraekdaun/ n [(on)] action taken to
stop or discourage a bad activity 取缔；制裁；镇压：a crack-
down on drunken driving 对酒后驾驶的严惩 — see also 另见
CRACK DOWN
cracked /kraekt; kraekt/ adj [F] infml foolish; slightly mad【非
正式】愚笨的：有点疯狂的
crack·er /kraeke; 'kraeke/n 1 a small thin unsweetened BISCUIT; 
paper hat
纸帽
a CREAM CRACKER or SODA CRACKER〔无甜味的〕薄脆饼干：奶
油饼干；苏打饼干：I'm not really hungry - I'll just have some
crackers and cheese. 我不太饿 --只吃几块薄脆饼干和干酪
就行了。2 a FIRECRACKER 爆竹 3 (in Britain) a tube of brightly
coloured paper which makes a harmless exploding sound when
pulled apart, usually containing a small gift and a joke. Crack-
ers are used especially at parties, Christmas dinner etc. 〔英国
的〕彩包爆竹〔拉开时会发出一声无害的爆响，里面通常有一个小
礼物并写有一个笑话，尤其用于聚会、圣诞晚会等场合)4 BrE infml
someone or something that is very good; used especially of a
very attractive woman【英，非正式】了不起的人| 事物]〔尤指十
分迷人的女性)5 AmE derog a poor white person from the
American South【美，贬】美国南方的贫苦白人
Cracker Jack /'. / trademark a type of sweet POPCORN sold in
a box with a prize inside it, which is popular with children in
the US【商标】“克拉克杰克”牌爆玉米花〔装在盒中出售并附赠奖
品，在美国深受儿童喜爱〕
crack·ers /`kraekez; 'kraekez/ adj [F] BrE infml (of a person)
mad【英，非正式】〔人〕疯狂的；精神失常的：I'm not going to lend
him money- do you think I'm crackers?我不打算借钱给他
你以为我发疯了吗？
crack-head /`kraekhed; 'kraekhed/ n infml someone who regu-
larly uses the illegal drug CRACK【非正式】经常吸食强效可卡因
的人
crack house /'· ·/ n a building, usually someone's house or
apartment, where the illegal drug CRACK is made or sold 制造
[出售]强效可卡因的场所
crack·ing /`kraekin; 'kraekin/ adj [A] very fast or good 极快的；
出色的
crack·le /kraekl; 'kraekal/ v [I; T] to (cause to) make small sharp
repeated sounds （使）发劈啪声：The fire crackled. 火劈啪作响。|
Why is the radio crackling so much? 为什么收音机总是夹杂
着劈劈啪啪的响声？ | (fig. 喻) The crowd crackled with ex-
citement. 人群发出了兴奋的喧闹声。- crackle n [S]: the crackle
of dry twigs under our feet 我们脚下干枝发出的喀吧声 - crackly
adj
crackling /`kraeklin; 'kraeklin/ n [U] 1 the sound of something
that crackles 劈啪声；爆裂声：the crackling of the fire 火的劈
啪声 2 the hard easily broken brown skin of cooked PORK〔烤
猪肉的〕脆皮
crack·pot /`kraek, pat; 'kraekppt/ adj, n infml, often humor
(typical of) a person with very strange or mad ideas【非正式，
常幽】狂想的；古怪的；怪人；疯子：The man's a complete
crackpot. 这是个离奇古怪的人。| another of his crackpot ideas
他的又一个怪主意
cracks·man /`kraeksmen; 'kraeksmen/ n -men /-men; -men/ old-
fash a person who steals things by opening SAFEs2【过时】〔撬
盗保险箱的〕窃贼
crack. up /kraek Ap; 'kraek-Ap/ n infml a sudden failure or loss
of control of the mind and feelings; BREAKDOWN【非正式】精
神崩溃，失去控制
Crad·dock /`kraedek: 'kraedek/, Fan·ny (1910-1994) a British
cook who was one of the first people to have a television show
about cooking. She appeared with her husband, Johnnie, show-
ing people how to make different dishes. 克拉多克〔(1910-
1994), 英国厨师，最初在电视上做烹饪表演的人之一，与丈夫约
翰尼一起教人们如何烹制不同菜肴〕
cra. dle'/`kred]; 'kreidl/ n 1 [C] a small bed for a baby, espe-
cially one made so that it can be moved gently from side to
side 摇篮：She was rocking the cradle. 她正在摇摇篮。2 [C
(of) usually sing. 一般用单数] the place where something
began; place of origin 发源地；策源地：Ancient Greece was
the cradle of Western European culture. 古希腊曾是西欧文化
的发源地。3 [the+S] the earliest years of your life 婴儿[幼年]
时期：to live in the same village from the cradle to the grave
(=all through your life) 一辈子都住在同一个村子里| In future, 
people will place more importance on the cradle-to-grave
lifetime of products. 今后，人们将更重视产品的使用寿命。4 [C]
BrE【英】| scaffold AmE【美】-- a frame for supporting some-
thing being built or repaired, or for doing certain jobs吊架，支
架，吊篮：Window cleaners are pulled up and down tall build-
ings on cradles. 窗户清洁工坐在能升降的吊篮里清洗高层建筑
的窗子。 — see also 另见 CAT’S CRADLE
cradle2v [T] to hold gently as if in a cradle 轻轻地怀抱：John
cradled the baby in his arms. 约翰把婴儿轻轻地抱在怀里，
cradle-snatch /'·/v [I] infml to have a sexual relationship
with someone who is a lot younger than yourself【非正式】与比
cracker
自己年轻得多的人发生性关系：I hear you're going out with
彩包爆竹
Jack's daughter — there you go, cradle-snatching again!我
听说你正在与杰克的女儿交往——你又来这一套了，勾搭小姑娘！
0400
~er n
craft'/kraeft; kra:ft/ n 1 [C] (a job or trade needing) skill, espe
cially with your hands 工艺；手艺：the ancient craft of making
stained-glass windows 制作彩色玻璃窗的古老手艺 | the
jeweller's craft 宝石匠的手艺 | traditional village crafts 传
统的乡村手艺 2 [C] all the members of a particular trade or
profession as a group 行业，职业 3 [U] skill in deceiving people:
GUILE 诡计；手腕：He used a certain amount of craft to make
the sale. 他为这次买卖使了些手腕
craft2n craft 1 a boat or ship 小船，船：The harbour was full of
pleasure craft. 港口停满了游艇。2 an aircraft or spacecraft飞
行器，航空器：航天器
craft3 v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] especially AmE to make
using skill, especially by hand【尤美】用手制作，精制：a care-
fully crafted belt 精心制作的腰带 | a beautifully crafted film
精心拍摄的影片
-craft — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
crafts. man /`kraeftsmen: 'kra:ftsmen/ crafts. wo·man /-，wumen
-, women/ fem. 【阴性】— n -men /-men; -men/ a person who is
skilled in a CRAFT' 工匠；手艺人； furniture made by the finest
craftsmen一流工匠做成的家具 - — ~ship n [U]
craft·y /`kraefti; 'kra:fti/ adj cleverly deceitful; CUNNING 诡计
多端的，狡猾的：a crafty idea/politician 狡诈的主意；诡计多端
的政客 --ily adv- -iness n [U]
crag /kraeg; kraeg/ n a high steep rough rock or mass of rocks悬
崖，峭壁
crag·gy /kraegi: 'kraegi/ adj steep and rough; having many crags
陡峭的；崎岖的；多岩石的：craggy hills 崎岖的山丘|(fig. 喻)
his craggy face(=attractive in a rough way)他那张粗的脸
cram /kraem; kraem/ v-mm-1 [T+obj+adv/prep] to force into
a small space; STUFF 塞入，填塞：to cram people into a rail-
way carriage 使人挤进火车车厢| hungry children cramming
food down their throats 把食品囫囵塞进嘴里的饥饿儿童 |
busy programme, with three meetings crammed into one
morning 一个上午安排了三个会议的繁忙日程 2 [T (with)] to
fill (something) too full 塞满：The box was crammed with
letters. 信箱里塞满了信件。| A huge crowd of people crammed
the stadium to watch the game. 体育场里坐满了观看比赛的人
们。3 a [I(for)] to prepare yourself for an examination by
studying very hard and quickly〔为考试而〕死记硬背功课，临时
准备应考 b[T] to prepare(someone) for an examination in
this way〔为考试而〕填鸭式地教〔某人)
cram-full /'·/ adj [F (of)] infml very full【非正式】塞满的
cram·mer /`kraeme; 'kraeme'/ n old-fash, usually infml a spe. 
cial school or book that prepares people quickly for an examination
It is generally thought that students who need a crammer are
either lazy or not very clever. 【过时，一般非正式】〔为应付考试
实施填鸭式教学的补习学校：为应付考试而编写的教科书〔一般认
为需要这种书本或学校的人不是懒惰就是不大聪明
cramp1/kraemp; kraemp/ n [C(especially AmE尤美)；U(especially
BrE 尤英)1 severe pain from the sudden tightening of a muscle. 
which makes movement difficult 痉挛；痛性痉挛，抽筋：The
swimmer suddenly got cramplgot a cramp and had to be lifted
from the water. 游泳者忽然抽筋，只好从水中把他救出来。— see
also 另见 CRAMPS
cramp2v [T] 1 to limit or prevent the movement, growth, or
development of; RESTRICT 限制；阻碍：Her education was
cramped by her lack of money. 由于缺钱她上学受到了限制。2 to
fasten tightly with a CRAMP3以铁箍扣紧 3 cramp someone's
style infml to prevent someone from doing as well as they could, 
or as they wish, usually simply by being near them【非正式】
使某人不能发挥才能：I'll leave you alone with Jenny - I
wouldn't want to cramp your style! 我就让你单独和珍妮在一
起—我可不想缚住你的手脚！
cramp3n 1 also 又作 cramp i·ron /'·/ - a metal bar bent at
both ends used for holding together pieces of wood, metal eto
铁箍2aCLAMP1夹子
cramped /kraempt; kraempt/ adj1 [(for)] limited in space 狭窄
的：a cramped little office 狭窄的小办公室 | cramped living
conditions 拥挤的居住条件 | We're a bit cramped for space
in this little house. 在这座小房子里我们住得有点太挤了。2 (of
writing) written too closely together 〔字迹〕挤在一起的
cram·pon /`kraempen; 'kraempen/ n [usually pl. 一般用复数] also
又作 climbing iron - a metal frame with sharp points (SPIKES
underneath, fastened to the bottom of boots to make climbing
less difficult, especially on ice 〔便于在冰上行走和登高而固定
在鞋底上的〕尖铁钉
cramps /kraemps; kraemps/ n [P] sharp pains in the stomach
especially(AmE美) the pains women often experience during
MENSTRUATION 腹部绞痛；（尤指妇女的〕痛经
Cran-ber-ries, The /kraenbariz: 'kraenbariz/ an Irish group with
a female singer, whose songs are influenced by FOLK MUSIC
Their ALBUMS include Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why
Can't We? and No Need to Argue. “小红莓”乐队〔爱尔兰的一
支乐队组合，主唱为一女性，其歌曲受民间音乐影响，专辑包括《别
人都在干，为什么我们不行？》和《无需争论》〕
cran-ber. ry /`kraen, beri; 'kraenbari/n a small red sour-tasting
berry, used especially to make a sweet thick liquid to be eaten
with certain meats. Cranberry sauce is often served with tur-
key at Thanksgiving in the US. 蔓越橘〔尤用来制作一种甜稠
酱，与某些肉类同食。在美国，越橘沙司通常在感恩节与火鸡同食
crane1/kren; kreim/ n 1 a machine for lifting and moving heavy
objects by means of a very strong rope or wire fastened to a
long movable arm 起重机，吊车：We used a crane to lift the
piano into the theatre. 我们使用了起重机将钢琴搬进剧场。2 a
tall waterbird with very long legs and neck 鹤
crane2v [I; T] to stretch out (your neck) to get a better view伸
长 （脖子）：探头：Jane craned her neck to look for her mother
in the crowa. 简伸长脖子张望, 在人群里找她的母亲。 | The
children at the back craned forward to see what was
happening. 在后面的孩子们探出头想看看出了什么事。
Crane, lch·a·bod /ikebad; 'ikebpd/ the main character in the
story The LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW by Washington IRVING
He is chased by the HEADLESS HORSEMAN. 克莱恩〔华盛顿·欧
文所著小说《睡谷的传说》中的主人公，他被无头骑士所追逐〕
crane fly /'/ n fml an insect with very long legs; DADDY
LONGLEGS【正式】大蚊〔足长似蚊的昆虫〕
cra·ni·um /`kreniem; 'kreiniem/ n-niums or -nia /-nie; -nie
med the bony framework of the human or animal head; part of
the SKULL that covers the brain【医】头颅；头盖 - -al adj
crank' /kraenk; kraenk/ n 1 an apparatus, such as a handle fixed
at right angles to a rod, for changing movement in a straight
line into circular movement 曲柄，曲轴 2 infml, often humor a
person with very unusual and strongly held ideas, often con-
cerning food and health, especially ideas that other people think
are very foolish【非正式，常幽】〔想法〕古怪的人：She's a real
crank; she only eats brown rice and nuts. 她真是个怪人，只吃
糙米和坚果。3 AmE infml a bad-tempered person; GROUCH
【美，非正式】脾气坏的人
crank2v[T (UP)] to cause to move by turning a crank 用曲柄启
动[转动]：to crank an engine 用曲柄发动引擎
crank sthg. out phr v [T] infml, especially AmE to pro. 
duce in large amounts, as if by machinery【非正式，尤美】像机
器似地大量制造：He cranks out detective stories at the rate of
three or four a year. 他一年里就能拼凑出多达三、四部的侦探
小说。
crank·shaft /kraenk, faeft; 'kraenkfa:ft/ n a rod that turns or is
driven by a crank, especially in a car engine 曲轴
crank. y /`kraenki; 'kraenki/ adj infml【非正式】1 BrE very
strange; odd; ECCENTRIC【英】古怪的：a cranky old man 古怪
的老人 | cranky ideas 怪主意 2 (of a machine or apparatus)
unsteady; shaky; in need of repair〔机器〕不稳的；摇晃的；待修
理的 3 AmE bad-tempered【美】脾气坏的：a cranky baby/old
lady 脾气坏的婴儿[老妇人]
Cran-mer /`kraenme; 'kraenme/, Thom·as (1489-1556) an
English priest who was ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, and who
was one of the leaders of the REFORMATION (=the time wher
many Christians in Europe left the Catholic religion and started
the Protestant religion) in England. When the Catholic Mary I
became Queen of England, she ordered Cranmer to be killed
by being burned. 克兰麦〔(1489-1556)，英国坎特伯雷大主教以
及宗教改革运动领袖之一，信仰天主教的玛丽一世成为英格兰女王
后，下令将他以火刑处死〕
cran·ny /kraeni; 'kraeni/ n especially humor or lit a small nar
row opening in a wall, rock etc; small crack【尤幽或文】〔墙上、
岩石上的)裂缝，缝隙：a mouse hiding in a cranny in the stone
wall 躲在石墙缝里的一只老鼠 — see also 另见 nooks and cran-
nies (NOOK)--nied adj
crap1/kraep; kraep/ n taboo slang【讳，俚】1 [U] solid waste mat
ter passed from the bowels 排泄物，粪便，屎 2 [S] an act of
Dassing waste matter from the bowels 排泄, 拉屎: to have a
crap 排泄废物 3 [U] something worthless or unwanted that
does not deserve serious attention 废物：His speech was just 
load of (old) crap. 他的演说只不过是废话连篇。| Clear all
this crap off the table. 把桌上的废物清理干净。- — see also 另
见CRAPS
crap2v-pp- [I] taboo slang to pass waste matter from the bowels
【讳，俚】拉屎
crap out phr v [I] AmE【美】1 to lose at CRAPS 〔双骰子赌博
游戏中)掷输 2 infml to stop working and become unusable【非
0401
正式】停止运转，无法使用：My car crapped out this morning; I
had to take the bus to work. 今天早上我的汽车坏了，我只能坐
公共汽车上班
crape /krep; kreip/ n [U]1 CREPE(1)绉绸，绉布，绉呢 2 black
material worn as a sign of grief at someone's death. People do
not usually wear crape now, although many people do wear
lack clothes when they go to a funeral. 〔表示哀悼的〕黑纱〔如
今，尽管许多人去参加葬礼时一定穿黑色的衣服，但是一般不佩带
黑纱〕
crap·py /`kraepi; 'kraepi/ adj slang of very low quality【俚】蹩脚
的；〔质量〕极差的：acrappy idea 糟糕的主意
craps /kraeps; kraeps/ n [U] an American game played with two
DICE for money 〔美国的)双骰子赌博游戏：Let's shoot craps
(=play this game)我们来玩掷双骰子赌博游戏吧。- crap n [A]
a crap player掷双骰子的人
*crash1/kraef; kraef/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) have a sudden, violent
and noisy accident （使）猛撞；（使）撞毁：The car crashed into a
tree and burst into flames. 汽车突然撞在一棵树上并燃烧起来
John crashed his car last night. 约翰昨晚撞毁了他的汽车。
The plane crashed shortly after take-off. 飞机起飞后不久便坠
毁了。2 [I+ady/prep] to move violently and noisily〔哗啦啦
地)横冲直闯：The angry elephant crashed through the forest. 
愤怒的大象闯过树林。3 [I; T] to (cause to) fall or hit a surface
noisily and violently, especially breaking into pieces(使)撞
碎：She crashed the plates angrily down on the table, 她愤怒
地把盘子在桌上摔碎。| big waves crashing against the rocks
冲击着岩石的巨浪 4 [I] to make a sudden loud noise 发出巨响
The thunder/drums crashed dramatically. 雷声[鼓声]震耳欲
聋。5 [I; T](in COMPUTERS) to (cause to) fail so that no further
work can be done （使）〔电脑)死机：The computer/We crashea
at ten this morning and haven't been up since. 电脑 [我们]上
午10时发生死机，从那以后一直无法运行。6[I](of a business
or an organization concerned with money) to fail suddenly:
COLLAPSE 突然失败；倒闭；垮台：The New York Stock Exchange
crashed in 1929. 1929年纽约证券交易所倒闭。7 [T] infml for
【非正式】= GATECRASH 8 [I (OUT)] slang to spend the night
sleep【俚】睡觉，过夜：Can I crash on your floor tonight?今晚
我能在你家打个地铺吗？9 [I] AmE slang to COME down (3)
(=stop feeling the effects of a drug) in a very unpleasant way
【美俚】〔毒品的药性过去后极难受地〕清醒过来：They really
crashed on that acid they took. 那种迷幻药药性过去后, 他们
清醒过来，感觉十分难受。
*crash2n1 a violent vehicle accident〔汽车)撞车事故；〔飞机〕失
事：There was a serious car/train/plane crash this morning
今晨发生了一起严重的撞车事故[火车事故：飞机失事]。2a sud
den loud noise made e. g. by a violent blow, fall, break etc突然
发出的巨响；〔撞击、击倒等时发出的〕碰撞声：a crash of thunde
雷声隆隆 | the crash of breaking glass 玻璃撞碎声 3 a sudder
usually unexpected and unexplained failure of a computer or
computer system 电脑死机；电脑系统崩溃 4 a sudden severe
business failure （生意〕失败：No one was prepared for the
crash. 这次生意上的失败，谁都没有心理准备。5 the Crash of
1929 also 又作 the Great Crash the failure of the New York
Stock Exchange in 1929 that was the beginning of a severe
world DEPRESSION 1929年纽约证券市场的行情暴跌〔为20世
纪30年代世界经济大萧条的开端)
crash3 adj [A] needing great effort to reach the desired results
quickly 应急的；速成的：He wanted to lose weight so he went
on a crash diet. 他想减轻体重，因此进行快速减肥饮食疗法。|
a crash programme of railway modernization 铁路现代化速
成计划
crash4 adv [+adv/prep] with a crash 轰[砰]地一声，哗啦一声：
The chandelier landed crash on the floor. 枝形吊灯砰然一声
掉在地上
crash bar. ri. er /. /n a strong fence or wall built to keep
vehicles and/or people apart where there is a possibility of an
accident 防撞栏：crash barriers down the middle of the
motorway 高速公路中间的防护栏 — compare 比较 CRUSH BAR
RIER
crash course /' / n a course of lessons intended to teach a
skill, language etc quickly 速成课程：I'm taking a crash course
in French. 我正在修一门法语速成课程
crash-dive /'/ v [I] (of a SUBMARINE) to sink quickly to a
great depth 〔潜水艇〕紧急下潜 - crash dive n
crash hel. met /'. / n a very strong protective head covering
(HELMET) worn by racing car drivers, motorcycle riders etc. Ir
Britain and in most US states it is illegal to ride a motorcycle
without wearing a crash helmet. 〔摩托车手等戴的〕防护头盔，
安全帽〔在英国和美国大部分州，骑摩托车不戴防护头盔是非法
的〕
crash-ing /`kraefin; 'kraefin/ adj [A] infml (of something bad)
very great; complete (especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 a
crashing bore 极其无聊的人)【非正式】极度的，十足的：糟糕[讨
厌]透顶的
crash-land /'/v[I; T] to crash or cause (a plane) to crash in a
controlled way so that as little damage as possible is done(使)
〔飞机〕强行着陆，（使）〔飞机〕紧急降落 - crash landing /·. 
n
crass /kraes; kraes/ adj fml showing great stupidity and a com-
plete lack of feeling or respect for others【正式】愚笨的，粗鲁
的；全然不顾他人的：crass behaviour/ignorance/insensitivity
粗鲁行为；极度无知；全然麻木 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
Crat. chit /kraetfit; 'kraetft/. Bob a character in the book A
CHRISTMAS CAROL by Charles DICKENS. Bob Cratchit is a kind
poor man who has to work very hard for his employer. 
SCROOGE. He has a young son, Tiny Tim, who is very ill and
cannot walk. 克拉奇特〔查尔斯·狄更斯所著《圣诞颂歌》中的人
物。他是一位善良的穷人，必须十分卖力地为雇主斯克鲁奇工作，
他有一个年幼的儿子小蒂姆，但病得很厉害而且无法行走〕
crate1 /kret; kreit/ n 1 a box or frame, especially made of wood. 
for storing or carrying fruit, bottles etc 板条箱，柳条箱；装货箱：
a milk crate 牛奶箱 2 [(of)] also 又作 crate·ful /-ful; -ful/ -
the amount that a crate contains 一箱 （之量） ：We sold ten crates
of lemonade in two hours. 两小时内我们卖了 10箱柠檬水。3
old-fash infml a very old car or plane【过时，非正式】破旧的汽
车[飞机]
crate2ν[T (UP)] to pack into a crate 把··装入货箱
cra. ter /krete; 'kreite/n 1 the round bowl-shaped mouth of a
VOLCANO 火山口 2 a round hole in a surface formed by an
explosion, falling METEOR etc〔炸弹爆炸、流星坠落等在地上造
成的)坑：a bomb crater 炸弹坑 | craters on the moon 月球上
的环形山
cra-vat /kre`vaet; kre'vaet/ BrE【英】‖ ascot AmE【美】- n a wide
piece of material loosely folded and worn round the neck by
men. It is generally thought of as a piece of clothing worn by
upper-class people, especially when wearing informal clothes
〔男人戴的〕领巾〔通常被认为是由上层阶级人士，尤其是穿着非正
式服装时所戴的饰物〕 — compare 比较 TIE1(1)
crave /krev; kreiv/ v 1 [I (for, after); T] to have a very strong
almost uncontrollable desire for(something, especially some
thing bad)渴望，热望：I was craving for a cigarette, 我很想抽
一支烟。| He craved stardom. 他渴望成为明星。2 [T] fml or
pomp to ask seriously for【正式或夸张】恳求；请求：May I crave
your attention?我可以请你注意一下吗？
cra. ven /kreven; 'kreivan/ adj fml derog completely lacking
courage; COWARDLY【正式，贬】懦弱的，胆小的 — ~ly adv -
~ness n [U]
crav. ing /krevin; 'kreivin/ n [(for)] a very strong almost un
controllable desire 渴望，热望：a craving for sweets 非常想吃
糖 | [+to-v] a craving to have a cigarette 非常想抽一支烟 -
see 参见 DESIRE2 (USAGE)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Sometimes when a
woman says that she has a craving for something, people
joke that she must be PREGNANT(=going to have a baby). 
because many pregnant women have cravings for particu
lar foods, especially unusual foods or combinations of foods
which are not normally eaten together. In the US, people
joke that pregnant women crave PICKLES and ICE CREAM
有时候，一个女子说她特想吃某东西，人们会开玩笑说她肯定
怀孕了，因为许多孕妇想吃特别的东西，尤其是不常见的或者
般不放在一起吃的食物。在美国，人们开玩笑说孕妇很想吃
泡菜和冰淇淋
craw·dad /`krodaed; 'kro:daed/ also 又作 craw-fish /`krofif; 
'kro:fif/ — n AmE infml CRAYFISH【美，非正式】淡水螯虾（肉）
Craw. ford /`krafed; 'kro: fed/, Joan /d3on; d3eun/ (1904-1977)
one of America's most famous film actresses, who usually
appeared as characters who were very brave and determined. 
but often also very unhappy. Her films include Mildred Pierce
(1945) and Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962). Her
daughter wrote a book about her, called Mommie Dearest, that
criticized her strongly. 克劳福德〔(1904-1977)，美国最著名的
电影女演员之一，通常演极勇敢的、意志坚决的角色，但也常常很
不快乐，演过的影片包括《米尔德里德·皮尔斯》(1945)和《婴儿简
出了什么事？》(1962)。她的女儿写过一本有关她的书，叫做《最
亲爱的妈妈》，对她进行了强烈批评〕
crawl1 /krol; kro:l/ v [I] 1 to move slowly with the body close to
the ground, or on the hands and knees 爬，爬行：The baby
crawled across the room. 那个婴儿从房间的这边爬到那边。
0402
There's an insect crawling down your sleeve. 有只昆虫顺着
你的袖子在往下爬。| (fig. 喻) The traffic crawled along at
ten miles an hour. 路上的车辆以每小时10英里的速度缓慢行
进。2 [(with)] to be completely covered by insects, worms etc
爬满〔虫子等)：The kitchen was crawling with ants. 厨房里爬
满了蚂蚁。|(fig. 喻) The town was crawling with police. 城
里到处都是警察。3 [(to)] infml derog to try to win the favour
of someone in a powerful position by being too nice to them
【非正式，贬】巴结；奉承：She got her job by crawling to the chief
engineer. 她由于讨好总工程师才得到这份工作
crawl2n1 [S] a very slow movement or speed 缓慢移动，徐行
traffic moving at a crawl 缓慢行进的车辆 2 [(the) S; U] a rapid
way of swimming while lying on your stomach, moving first
one arm and then the other over your head自由式游泳；爬泳 -
see also 另见 PUB-CRAWL
cr
rawl. er /krole; 'kro:le'/ n 1 derog slang a person who tries to
win the favour of someone in a powerful position by being too
nice to them; SYCOPHANT【贬，俚】马屁精，善于逢迎的人 2 some
thing that goes slowly, especially a heavy vehicle 缓慢行进的
物体〔尤指重型车辆〕 — see also 另见 CRAWLERS, KERB CRAWLER. 
NIGHT CRAWLER
crawler lane /'. /n BrE a part of a road, especially a MOTORWAY
for slow vehicles【英】〔尤指高速公路上的〕慢车道
crawl·ers /`krol·z; 'kro:lez/ n [P]= ROMPERS
cray·fish /`kre fif; 'krei, fif/ also 又作 crawdad, crawfish - n
fish or-fishes [C; U] (the flesh of) a small LOBSTER-like ani
mal that lives in rivers and streams 淡水螯虾（肉）
Cray. o. la /kre`ole; krei'eule/ trademark a type of coloured
CRAYONS and other art materials for children, such as coloured
pens and paints【商标】千色乐绘画用品
cray. on' /kreen; 'kreien/ n a stick of coloured WAX or CHALK
used for writing or drawing, especially on paper 彩色蜡笔或粉
笔：children's crayons 儿童彩色蜡笔 | a packet of crayons -
盒彩色蜡笔
crayon2v [I; T] to draw with a crayon 用彩色蜡笔[粉笔]画
craze /krez; kreiz/ n [(for)] a very popular fashion that usually
only lasts for a very short time 时尚；时髦的东西：This com-
puter game is the latest craze among the young in Japan. 这
种电脑游戏是现时日本年轻人中最流行的玩意
crazed /krezd; kreizd/ adj [(with)] driven mad or made ex-
tremely angry 疯狂的，生气的：a crazed expression 疯狂的表
情 | He was crazed with grief. 他伤心得发疯
cra·zy /`krezi; 'kreizi/ adjinfml【非正式】1 mad; foolish; INSANE
疯狂的；愚蠢的：You're crazy to go out in this weather. 在这种
天气外出，你疯啦。| a crazy idea 荒唐的主意 | This noise is
driving me crazy. 这声音吵得我快发疯了。| He has a crazy
sister in the state asylun. 他有一个疯姐姐在州立精神病院里。
2 [F+about] wildly excited; very keen or interested 狂热的；醉
心的；着迷的：You know I'm crazy about you. 你知道我为你神
魂颠倒。| She's just crazy about dancing. 她醉心于跳舞。3a
crazy mixed-up kid infml humor a young person who feels
confused and uncertain what to do in life【非正式，幽】对生活
感到迷惘的年轻人4like crazy wildly and very actively 发狂
似地；拼命地：to work like crazy 玩命 （似）地干 - -zily adv -
-ziness n [U]
crazy bone /'· ·/ n AmE for【美】= FUNNY BONE
Crazy Gang, The /'. / a group of British COMEDIANs who
told jokes and sang songs in theatres from the 1930s to the
1960s“疯人队”〔20世纪30至60年代在舞台上表演说笑话和演
唱的一群英国喜剧演员〕
crazy golf /. / n [U] a game like GOLF in which players hit
the ball through various silly and amusing OBSTACLES. Crazy
golf courses are mainly found in SEASIDE towns in Britain. 滑
稽高尔夫〔一种类似高尔夫球的运动，球员要将球打过各种滑稽可
笑的障碍物，其球道主要设在英国的海滨小镇〕
Crazy Horse /. / (？1842-1877) a NATIVE AMERICAN chief of
the SIOUX tribe who united his people and helped SITTING BULL
to win a victory over General CUSTER's army in the famous
battle at the LITTLE BIGHORN“疯马”〔(？1842-1877)，美洲土著
苏族的酋长，曾联合本族人并帮助“坐牛”在小比格霍恩河的一场
著名战役中战胜卡斯特将军的军队〕
crazy pav·ing /，·'·/ n [U] especially BrE irregular pieces of
stone fitted together to make a path or flat place【尤英】用形状
不规则的石块铺的路面或地面
crazy quilt /. / n AmE a QUILT made from small irregularly
shaped pieces of cloth sewn together【美】百衲被
creak /krik; kri:k/ v [I] to make the sound of a badly oiled door
when it opens （门）嘎吱作响：The floorboards in the old house
creaked noisily. 老房子的地板(踏上去)发出嘎吱嘎吱的响声。
creaking with age因年久而嘎吱作响 | (fig. 喻) The tax sys-
tem is creaking under its increasingly heavy workload. 税收
系统在工作量日益加重的情况下运转费力。- creak n
creak·y /`kriki; 'kri:ki/ adjthat creaks 嘎作响的：a creaky old
chair 一把嘎吱作响的旧椅子 - -ily adv - -iness n [U]
*cream1 /krim; kri:m/ n 1 [U] the thick yellowish-white liquid
that rises to the top of milk. Cream is thought of as very nice
but unhealthy so it is kept for special occasions. 奶油；乳脂〔它
被认为是一种非常好的东西，但不利于健康，因此只在特殊场合食
用)：Have some cream in your coffee. 在你的咖啡里加点奶油
吧。| At the dairy they skim the cream off the milk. 在乳品场，
他们将牛奶去脂。| strawberries and cream 加奶油的草莓 -
see also 另见 DOUBLE CREAM, SINGLE CREAM, SOUR CREAM
2 [C; U] a food containing this or a similar soft smooth
substance （含）奶油食品：chocolate creams 巧克力奶油糖
cream of chicken soup 奶油鸡汤 3 [C; U] a mixture made thick
and soft like cream 〔化妆用的〕乳霜；护肤膏：face cream (=to
soften your skin)面霜 | cream cleaner (=for cleaning the
kitchen, bathroom etc)去污膏 | Put some of this cream or
that burn, 在烫伤处擦点药膏。 - — see also_另见 COLD CREAM
4 Ithe (of)] the best part 精华：The wedding was attended by the
cream of New York society. 参加婚礼的有纽约社交界的精英。
Naturally, our personnel department selects onlythe cream
of the crop. (=the best people)当然，我们的人事部门只挑选最
优秀的人才。
cream2adj yellowish-white 奶油色的，淡黄色的：a cream dress
suit 淡黄色的（一套）衣服 - cream n [U]
cream3v[T] 1 to make into a thick soft mixture 使成奶油状：
Cream the butter and sugar together. 把黄油和糖搅成奶油状。
creamed potatoes 马铃薯泥 2 to take cream from the surface
of(milk)从〔牛奶〕中提取奶油 3 slang, especially AmE to de-
feat completely【俚，尤美】彻底打败
cream sbdy. /sthg. off phr v[T] to remove (the best)提取
(精华)：We cream off the best athletes and put them in a
special squad. 我们挑选最好的运动员送到特殊训练队去。| The
private bus companies will cream off the most profitable
routes from the state-run bus service. 私营公共汽车公司将从
国营公共汽车的路线中选择最有利可图的路线来经营
cream out phr v [I] AmE infml to fall or go off course, espe
cially when skiing (SKI2)【美，非正式】〔尤指滑雪时〕摔倒；偏离
滑道
cream cheese /，. /n [U] soft white smooth cheese made from
milk and sometimes cream 奶油干酪
cream crack·er /'·/ also 又作 cracker infml【非正式】— n
BrE a light unsweetened BISCUIT often eaten with cheese【英】
〔常与奶酪一起食用的无甜味的〕奶油薄脆饼干
cream·er /krime; 'kri:me/ n a small JUG for holding cream奶
油壶
cream. e. ry /krimeri; 'kri:meri/ n a place where milk, butter. 
cream, and cheese are produced or sold; DAIRY 乳制品厂；乳制
品商店
cream of tar·tar /·/ n [U]= TARTAR1(3)
cream of wheat /. '/ trademark (often cap. 常用大写) (a
bowl of) a type of hot CEREAL(2) made from finely crushed
WHEAT【商标】（一碗）营养麦片
cream puff //n a light hollow pastry filled with whipped
cream or CUSTARD 奶油泡夫
cream tea /. '/ n (in Britain) a light meal taken in the early
afternoon consisting of small cakes(SCONES), jam, and cream
usually also with a pot of tea. It is considered to be typically
English and is often something people have when on holiday. 
〔英国的〕奶油茶点〔下午的早些时候所吃的点心，包括小糕点、果
酱和奶油，一般还有一壶茶，这被认为是典型英国式的，人们在假
日里常享用)；a Devon cream tea 德文郡风味的奶油茶点
cream·y /`krimi; 'kri:mi/ adj1 containing cream 含乳脂的；有
奶油味的：creamy milk 含脂牛奶 2 thick, soft, and smooth like
cream 似奶油的；软厚平滑的，光滑细腻的：a rich creamy lig-
uid 乳脂状的液体 | creamy soap 柔滑的肥皂 - -iness n [U]
crease1 /kris; kri:s/ n 1 a line made on cloth, paper etc, by
folding, crushing, or pressing〔衣服、纸等的)褶痕；皱褶：You've
got a crease in your dress where you've been sitting. 你的衣
服坐过的地方起皱了。| He had razor-sharp creases in his
trousers. (=the trousers were very carefully pressed)他的裤缝
笔挺挺的。2 a line marked on the ground to show special areas
or positions in certain games, especially cricket〔球场上投球
手、击球手的〕区域线
crease2v1 [I; T] to make a line or lines appear on (a garment, 
paper, cloth etc)by folding, crushing, or pressing使起褶痕；起
皱：She wanted to wear her black dress but it was too creased. 
她想穿她的黑裙子，可是太皱了。| a material that creases easily
易起皱的布料| His brow was creased in concentration. (=he
0403
was thinking hard)他皱眉沉思。2 [T (UP)] BrE infml to cause
to laugh a lot【英，非正式】使大笑：I was creased up with laughter. 
我笑得直不起腰来。
cre·ate /kri`et; kri'eit/ v 1 [T] to cause (something new) to exist
produce (something new)创造：创建；创作：Some people be-
lieve God created the world. 有些人认为上帝创造了世界。|
The project will create up to 60 new jobs. 这项工程将提供 60
个新的就业岗位。| to create a stir/a sensation (=to cause great
surprise and interest)引起骚动[轰动] | The regulations are
so complicated they will only create confusion. 条例如此复
杂，只能造成混乱。| This decision creates a dangerous
precedent. 这个决定开创一个危险的先例。2 [T+obj+n] to ap-
point (someone) to a special rank or position封；任命；授予
He was created Prince of Wales in a formal ceremony, 他在
正式仪式中被封为威尔士亲王。3 [I] BrE infml to be noisily
angry【英，非正式】大喊大叫；大发雷霆：He really created when
he found I'd broken the window!他发现我打破玻璃窗时，真地
大发起脾气来。
cre·a. tion /kri`efen; kri'eifan/ n 1 [U (of)] the act of creating
创造；创建：a report proposing the creation of an indepen-
dent Scottish parliament 建议建立独立的苏格兰议会的报告
a job-creation scheme 创造就业机会的计划 2 [C] something
created; something produced by human invention or imagina-
tion 创造物；作品；产物； an artist's creations 艺术家的作品
the latest creations (=fashionable clothes etc) from Paris巴
黎来的最新时装 3[U] the whole universe 宇宙：世界：天地万
物：Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?
我们是万物之中惟一会思考的物种吗？|(AmE 美)I've looked
all over creation for my glasses and I can't find them anywhere
我满世界找我的眼镜，可哪里也找不着，
Creation, the (in the Christian religion) God's act of creating
the Universe, the Earth, and all living things on Earth. The
story of the Creation is told in the book of Genesis in the Bible
〔基督教中〕神造天地〔该传说记述在《圣经·创世记》中〕
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 According to the first part
of the Bible, known as Genesis, God created the world and
everything in it in six days, and on the seventh day God
rested. When God made human beings, he made a man
called Adam out of the earth, and then made a woman callec
Eve out of one of Adam's RIBS(=one of the curved bone
that surround your chest). Some Christians, called
FUNDAMENTALISTS, believe that this is exactly how Cre. 
ation happened, and do not believe in other scientific ex. 
planations of how the world and life began. Different soci-
eties and religions have different creation stories, 根据《圣
经》第一部分《创世记》所述，上帝在六天之中创造了世界以及
世上万物。第七天，上帝休息了。上帝造人时，用泥土造出亚
当，然后用亚当的肋骨造出夏娃。有些原教旨主义的基督徒相
信世界就是这样形成的，而不相信其他有关世界和生命如何开
始的科学解释。不同的社会和宗教对于世界的形成有不同的
说法。 — compare 比较EVOLUTION
cre·a. tion. is. m /kri`efenizem: kri'eifanizam/ n [U] the belief
that God created the universe in the way described in the Bible
神造天地论 — see also 另见 CREATION SCIENCE - -ist n: Cre
ationists don't believe in Darwinian evolution. 神造天地论者
不相信达尔文的进化论学说
creation science /'. ，. / n [U] an attempt to give a scientific
explanation to Creation, as described in the Bible, by people
who do not accept the idea of EVOLUTION 创世科学〔不接受进
化论学说的人对《圣经》中上帝创造世界所作的科学解释)
cre·a·tive /kri`etiv; kri'eitiv/ adj apprec【褒】1 producing new
and original ideas and things; imaginative and inventive创造
(性)的; 有创造力的:creative thinking创造性的思考 | a very
creative musician 非常有创造力的音乐家 2 resulting from new-
ness of thought or expression 独创的：his creative designs for
the new college building 他为新学院大楼构思的独创性设计 -
~ly adv
creative ac. count·ing /·. · . '·/n [U] (in business) the art of
changing accounts to achieve a more desirable set of figures in
a way that is misleading but not illegal 〔商业中〕创造性会计，
伪账〔以不构成违法的手段改变账目以使数据更为理想的一种做
法〕
cre·a·tiv·i·ty/krie`tivetr; kri:ei'tivti/ also 又作 cre·a·tive·ness
/kri`etivnis; kri'eitivns/ - n [U] apprec the ability to pro-
duce new and original ideas and things; imagination and
inventiveness【褒】创造力：创造性； an education system that
lets children use their creativity使儿童运用自己创造力的教育
制度
cre. a·tor /kri`ete; kri'eite/ n a person who CREATES(1)创造者：
创作者
Creator, the n God 上帝，造物主
*crea. ture /'kritfo; 'kri:tfe/ n 1 a living being of any kind, but
not a plant; an animal, bird, fish etc〔不包含植物的)生物；动物
The crocodile is a strange-looking creature. 鳄鱼是一种模样
古怪的动物。| creatures from outer space 来自外层空间的生
物2(often used in expressions of feeling, especially sympathy)
a person of the stated kind〔尤用于表示同情等富感情色彩的词
语)人：The poor creature had no home, family, or friends. 那
个可怜的人，既没有家，也没有朋友。| He is a creature of habit
(=a person with very fixed habits)他是个墨守成规的人。3 [(of)
a person whose rank or position is dependent on total obedi-
ence to another 受支配的人，奴才； a creature of the military
government 军政府的傀儡 4 all creatures great and smal
quote the second line of a HYMN【引】世间大大小小生灵，宇宙
众生〔一首圣诗的第二句〕 — see also另见 ALL THINGS BRIGHT
AND BEAUTIFUL
creature com·forts /，· '·/ n [P] food, clothes, warmth and
other things that increase physical comfort 给肉体以舒适感的
东西；物质享受<如食物、衣服等
creche /kref; kref/ BrE【英】‖ day-care center, nursery AmE
【美】- n1 a place, e. g. provided at a place of work, where
babies and small children are cared for while their parents work. 
Creches are sometimes provided at sports centres and events
such as CONFErENCeES, but they are still quite rare, _托儿所, 日
托中心〔有时在运动中心以及举行会议等的场合也设有日托中心，
但目前仍然很少见) — compare 比较NURSERY (1)，PLAYGROUP
2 AmE for【美】=CRIB'(3)
cre-dence/kridns: 'kri:dans/n [U] fml acceptance as true: belief
【正式】相信；信任：The public does not give much credence
to the government's promises. 公众对政府的承诺不太相信，
cre-den·tials /kri`denfelz; kri'denfalz/ n [P] 1 a letter or other
written proof of a person's position, good character etc 资格证
书；国书：The new ambassador presented his credentials to
the court. 新大使向宫廷递交了国书。2 anything that proves a
person's abilities, qualities, or suitability〔任何证明人的能力
资格等的)证明：资格：Both candidates for the job have excel-
lent credentials. 此项工作的两个求职者都非常具备资格。| The
new finance minister has very sound credentials as an
economist. 新任财政部长是一位资深的经济学家
cred·i·bil·i·ty /krede`bileti; , kred'bilti/ n [U] the quality of
deserving belief and trust; being credible 可靠性；可信性：If we
don't keep our promises, we'll lose credibility with the public
如果我们不遵守诺言，我们将失去公众的信任。| The Chernobyl
accident has underminedldamaged the credibility of the
nuclear power industry. 切尔诺贝利事故损坏了核能工业的可
信性。 — see also 另见 STREET-CREDIBILITY
credibility gap/, . '·. / n the difference between what someone. 
especially a politician, says and what they really mean or do
信用差距〔指官员言行的差距〕
cred·i. ble /'kradebl; 'kredbal/ adj deserving to be believed, 
trusted, or taken seriously 可信的，可靠的：a credible story
个可信的故事 | a barely (=only just) credible excuse 勉强可
信的借口| a credible defence policy 可靠的防御政策 — see
also 另见 INCREDIBLE - -bly adv
cred·it' /`kradit; 'kredt/ n 1 [U] a system of buying goods or
services and paying for them later. People generally use this
system to buy large or expensive things such as furniture or
electrical goods which they want immediately, but sometimes
find difficult to pay for at once. Businesses like the system
because it encourages people to spend or borrow money. 赊购
(制度、方式)〔人们一般用这种方法购买大件的商品或昂贵的东
西，如家具或电器等人们急需但一下子负担不起的物品。商家喜欢
这种做法，因为它可以鼓励人们消费或贷款)：If you can't afford
to pay cash, buy the furniture on credit, 你如果不能付现金，
可以赊购方式购买家具。| six months' credit 6个月的赊账期
This shop givesloffers interest-free credit. 这家商店提供无息
赊购优惠。- — compare 比较 HIRE PURCHASE 2 [U] the quality
of being likely to repay debts and being trusted in money mat-
ters 信用；信誉：Her credit is good. 她的信用良好。- — see also
另见 CREDIT RATING 3 [U](the amount of) money in a person's
bank account, as at a bank〔个人在银行账户中的〕存款数额：My
account is in credit. (=there is money in it) 我的银行账户有存
款。 — compare 比较 DEBIT' (2) 4 [U] belief or trust in the
truth or rightness of something 信任：Do you place any credit
in the government's story?你相信政府的说法吗？ | The theory
is gaining credit (=becoming more popular) with economists
这个理论越来越为经济学家所接受。5 [U(for)] public approval
or praise given to someone because of something they have
0404
done 赞扬；功劳：She was given no credit for her invention. 她
没有因为她的发明而得到荣誉。| The government is trying to
claim the full credit for the fall in prices. 政府正要把物价下跌
全部说成是自己的功劳。6[C(to)usually sing. 一般用单数]a
cause of honour 增光的人[事物]：You're a credit to your team. 
你是你们队的光荣。| Our armed forces do us credit. (=are a
credit to us)我们的武装部队是我们的光荣。 — opposite 反义词
discredit 7 [C](especially in the US) a completed unit of a
student's work that forms part of a course, especially at a uni-
versity 〔尤指大学的)学分：She hasn't enough credits to get her
degree. 她没有足够的学分获得学位。8 to someone's credit:
a in someone's favour; in a way that brings honour to some-
one 为某人带来荣誉：The King, to his great credit, opposed
the establishment of a military government. 国王反对建立军
政府是值得大为赞扬的。b to/in someone's name; belonging to
or done by someone 在某人名下，属于某人：She's not yet 30，
but already has five books to her credit! (=she has written
five books)她还不到30岁，但已写出5本书了。 — see also另
见 CREDITS, LETTER OF CREDIT
credit2v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式] 1 especially
BrE to accept as true; believe【尤英】信任；相信：Their claim/
statement is rather hard to credit. 他们的声明很难令人相信。|
(shows surprise 表示惊奇) Well, would you credit it - he's
actually arrived on time!嗬，你能相信吗？他居然准时到达了！
2 [(to)] to add to an account 把·记入贷方，存入（账户）：The
money/cheque has been credited to your account. 这笔钱[支
票]已存入你的账户。 — compare 比较 DEBIT2
credit sbdy. with sthg. phr v [T] to accept that (someone)
has (a quality)or is responsible for (an action); give credit to
相信[认为]〔某人〕有〔某种优点或能力等)：I credit him with a
certain amount of sense. 我认为他有一定的见识。| She is cred-
ited with having saved the company from bankruptcy. 公司免
于破产，大家认为是她的功劳。
cred. i. ta. ble /'kraditebl; 'kredtebal/ adj deserving praise or
approval 值得称赞的；带来荣誉的：a creditable attempt to es-
tablish peace 建立和平的值得称赞的尝试| a very creditable
achievement 非常值得称道的成就 — opposite 反义词 discred-
itable--bly adv
credit ac·count/'··, ·/ BrE【英】‖charge account AmE【美】-
n an account with a shop which allows you to take goods at
once and pay for them later 信用[赊欠]账户；赊欠账目
credit card /'. /n a small plastic card which is used instead of
money to pay for goods and services from shops, travel companies, 
petrol stations etc. The cost is charged to your account and
paid later. 信用卡：Do you take credit cards?你们接受信用卡
付款吗？| We accept all major credit cards. 我们接受所有主
要的信用卡付款。| an alarming rise in credit card fraud 信用
卡诈骗案的惊人增长 — compare 比较 CHARGE CARD, CHEQUE
CARD, DEBIT CARD
credit con. trol /'. / n [U] tech a business department which
decides how much CREDIT a new customer can have, and tries
to make sure that money owed to the company is paid at the
right time【术语】信贷控制部〔公司内决定新客户的信用度以及催
收到期欠款的一个部门〕
credit crunch /'. ，/ n CREDIT SQUEEZE 借贷紧缩
credit lim. it /'. ，. / n the most money that a customer can spend
on credit, or that a person is allowed to borrow from a CREDIT
CARD company etc 信贷限额：a credit limit of f250 250英镑
的信贷限额
credit note /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖also 又作 credit voucher AmE
【美】- n a note given by a shop when goods have been returned, 
allowing you to buy other goods of the same value贷方票据；
信用单据〔顾客退货时商店发给的凭证，可用来换取等值的其他商
品)：I'm afraid we don't give cash refunds, but you can have
a credit note. 真抱歉，我们不能退回现金，不过你能得到一张贷
方票据。
cred. i. tor /kradite; 'kredte/ n a person or organization to
whom money is owed 债权人；债主 — compare 比较 DEBTOR
credit rat. ing /'. . ·/ n an opinion about how likely a person or
business is to repay their debts 信用评级
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The credit rating of a busi-
ness is based on its value and how successful it is. The
ratings are done by companies whose business is to exam-
ine this type of information. Credit ratings for ordinary
people are also done by special companies which examine
whether people have paid back debts in the past, e. g. their
MORTGAGE or CREDIT CARD bills. The biggest company
that does this in the US is TRW. 对一家公司的信用评级取
决于它的资产和经营情况，由专业公司评定。普通人的信用评
级也是由调查个人过去的债务偿还情况如按揭或信用卡账单
的专业公司承担。在美国，作此类评定的最大的公司是汤普
森-拉莫-伍尔德里奇(TRW)公司。
cred·its /`kradits; 'kredts/ also 又作 credit ti·tles /'·. ·/fml【正
式】- n [P] the names of the actors and other people respon-
sible for a cinema or television show, which appear in a list at
the beginning or end〔电影或电视片在放影前或后列出的〕演员
和摄制人员名单
credit squeeze /'· / also 又作 credit crunch - n a period
during which the government makes the borrowing of money
difficult, usually in an effort to reduce spending and increase
saving 借贷紧缩〔政府为了减少开支，增加存款而使贷款变得困难
的时期)
credit trans-fer /'·，·/ n [C; U] a way of moving money to a
different bank account without using a cheque, e. g. by STAND-
ING ORDER信用转账〔不使用支票而用委托书等将资金转入另一
银行账户的方法〕
credit u. nion /'. ，. / n (especially in the US) a COOPERATIVE
(2)that operates like a bank for its members and lends them
money at low rates of interest. Credit unions are often formed
by the employees of a large company, or members of some
other large organization. 〔尤指美国的)存款互助会，信贷互助会
〔其功能相当于银行，以低利率向会员提供贷款，常由大公司雇员
或一些其他大机构的成员组成)
credit vouch. er /'·，. ·/ n AmE for【美】=CREDIT NOTE
cred. it wor thy /kreditw3oi; 'kredtw3:0i/ adj likely to pay
debts; having a good CREDIT RATING 信用可靠的；信用评级高
的：Creditworthy customers may buy on account. 信用可靠的
客户可以赊购。— -thiness n [U]
cre. do /`krido; 'kri:deu/ n -dos a formal statement of beliefs; 
CREED信条
cred·u. lous /krad3eles; 'kredjgles/ adj too willing to believe, 
especially without being given real proof 轻信的，易信的 -
~ly adv — ~ness, credulity /kre`duleti; kri'dju:lti/ n [U]: a
far-fetched story that would stretch the credulity even of a
child一个胡编乱造得连轻信的小孩子都难以接受的故事
Cree /kri; kri:/ n 1 the Cree [P] a Native American tribe that
lived mainly in northern Montana in the US, and in Canada克
里族〔主要居住在美国蒙大拿州北部以及加拿大的美洲土著居民)
2 [C] a member of this tribe 克里人 — see Cultural Note at参
见NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释-Cree adj
creed /krid; kri:d/ n 1 a system of beliefs or principles 信条，教
条：the Socialist creed 社会主义信条| people of every colour
and creed (=especially religion)各种肤色和教派的人2 a for-
mal statement of religious belief, especially as said at certain
church services 教义
creek /krik; kri:k/ n 1 BrE a long narrow body of water reach-
ing from the sea, a lake etc into the land【英】〔通海、湖等的)小
湾，小港2 AmE a small narrow stream【美】小河，小溪 3 up
the creek (without a paddle) infml in trouble【非正式】处于困
境：I was really up the creek when I lost my keys. 我丢掉钥匙
以后，真正遇到了麻烦。
Creek n 1 the Creek [P] a Native American tribe from Georgia
and Alabama in the US克里克族〔居住在美国佐治亚州和亚拉
巴马州的美洲土著人〕2 [C] a member of this tribe 克里克人
— see Cultural Note at 参见 NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释 -
Creek adj
creel /kril; kri:l/ n a basket for carrying fish 鱼篓，鱼篮
*creep1/krip; kri:p/ v crept /krapt; krept/ [I] 1 [+adv/prep] to
move slowly, quietly, and carefully, especially so as not to
attract attention 缓慢或悄悄地行进：We crept upstairs so as
not to wake the baby. 为了不吵醒婴儿，我们蹑手蹑脚地上了楼
梯。| The cat was creeping silently towards the mouse. 猫悄
悄地朝着老鼠爬过去。| (fig. 喻) Old age is creeping up on
me. 我在不知不觉中变老了。| (fig. 喻) The newspaper's cir-
culation has crept up from 800, 000 to almost a million. 报纸
的发行量从80万份逐渐增加到近100万份。|(fig. 喻)Mistakes
start to creep in when you work too hard. 你工作过于辛苦时，
错误就逐渐出现。2 to move with the body close to the ground
爬行，匍匐：The dog crept under the car to hide. 狗趴到汽车下
藏着。| creeping insects 爬行昆虫 3 to grow along the ground
or a surface 蔓延，蔓生：a creeping plant 蔓生植物 4 (of the
skin)to have an unpleasant sensation, as if worms, insects etc
are moving over it 〔皮肤)有虫子等在爬的感觉：I hated that hor-
ror film— it really made my flesh creep. 我讨厌那恐怖影片，
它使我毛骨悚然。 — see also 另见 CREEPS
creep2n 1 [C] slang an unpleasant person, especially one who
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tries to win the favour of people of higher rank, especially by
praising them insincerely【俚】献媚者；奴颜婢膝的人 2 [U] tech
the slow movement of loose soil, rocks etc【术语】〔松土、岩石
等的〕蠕动，蠕变 — see also 另见 CREEPS
creep. er /`kripo; 'kri:pe/ n a plant which climbs up trees and
walls or grows along the ground 匍匐 [攀缘] 植物
creep·ers /`kripa-z; 'kri:pez/ n [P] BrE shoes with thick rubber
bottoms. They are also known as brothel creepers and were
especially fashionable in the 1950s when they were worn es-
pecially by TEDDY BOYS. 厚橡胶底鞋；软底鞋〔又称 brothel
creepers, 20世纪50年代尤为时髦，那时尤其为阿飞所穿
creeps /krips: kri:ps/ n [the+P] infml an unpleasant sensation
of fear【非正式】毛骨悚然的感觉：The old castlegives me the
creeps. 这个古老的城堡令我毛骨悚然。 — see also 另见 CREEP
(4)
creep. y /kripi; 'kri:pi/ adj infml causing or feeling an unpleas
ant sensation of fear【非正式】令人毛骨悚然的：a creepy story/
old house 一个令人毛骨悚然的故事；一座阴森森的老宅子 - -ily
adv --iness n [U]
creepy-crawly /，· '·/ n infml, especially BrE a creeping insect
【非正式，尤英】爬虫
cre·mate /`krimet; kr'meit/ v [T] to burn (the body of a dead
person)at a funeral ceremony. In the past, most people used to
be buried in the ground when they died, but now many people
choose to be cremated instead. 火葬；火化〔尸体〕〔过去，大部
分人死后常土葬，但现在人们愿意火葬了〕 — see also 另见 ASHES
--mation /kri`mefen; kri'meifan/ n [C; U]
crem·a·to·ri·um /krime`toriem; , kreme'to:riem/ also 又作
crem·a·to·ry /`krime, tori; 'kremeteri/ especially AmE【尤美】-
n -iums or -ia /-1e; -ie/ a building in which the bodies of dead
people are cremated 火葬场
creme car·a·mel /krem `kaereml; krem 'kaeremal/ n a sweet
yellowish-coloured food made from milk, eggs, and sugar
which goes brown during cooking and forms a liquid on the
outside when removed from its container 焦糖蛋奶
creme de la creme / kram de la `krem; krem de la: 'krem. 
[the] Fr the best, most experienced, most intelligent people
【法】精英，最优秀的人员
creme de menthe /krem de`man0; krem de 'mpn0/ n [U] a
green French LIOUEUR (=a sweet and very strong alcoholic
drink), which tastes of PEPPERMINT and is usually drunk from
a small glass after a meal〔法国的〕薄荷甜酒〔一般饭后倒在小
杯子里饮用〕
Cre·mo·ra /kri`more: kri:'mo:re/ trademark a type of white
powder added to coffee or tea instead of milk, which is sold in
the US. In the UK, there is a similar product called COFFEE-
MATE. 【商标】“克雷莫拉”牌咖啡伴侣〔在美国出售的一种植脂
末，加入咖啡或茶中代替牛奶使用。在英国，有一种类似的产品称
COFFEEMATE(咖啡伴侣))
cren·el·lat·ed BrE【英】‖crenelated AmE【美】/`kran], etid:
'krenal-eitd/ adj tech protected by BATTLEMENTS【术语】有雉
堞的：a crenellated castle 有雉堞的城堡
cre·ole /`kriol; 'kri:eul/ n (often cap, 常用大写) 1 [C; U] an
American or West Indian language which has grown through a
combination of a European language with one or more other
languages 克里奥尔语〔美洲和西印度群岛人所讲的欧洲语和其他
语的混合语言) — compare 比较 PIDGIN (1) 2 [C] a person de-
scended from both Europeans and Africans _克里奥尔人〔欧洲
和非洲的混血儿)3 [C] a white person born in the West Indies
or parts of Spanish America, or descended from the original
French settlers in the southern US 克里奥尔白人〔出生于西印
度群岛或拉丁美洲的白人或美国南部法国移民的后裔〕4[U]food
prepared in the hot strong-tasting style of the southern US〔美
国南部的〕克里奥尔式辣味食品：shrimp creole 克里奥尔式辣味
小虾 - creole adi
cre·o·sote' /krie sot; 'kri:eseut/ n [U] a thick brown strong-
smelling oily liquid used for preserving wood 杂酚油〔褐色浓
油，用以防护木材
creosote2v[T] to paint with creosote 涂上杂酚油
crepe, crepe /krep; kreip/ n 1 [U] also 又作 crape - light soft
thin cloth, with a finely lined and folded surface, made from
cotton, silk, wool etc 绉绸；绉布；绉呢 2 [U] also 又作 crepe
rub·ber /'·/ - tightly pressed rubber used especially for
making the bottoms of shoes （鞋底）绉（橡）胶：crepe-soled
shoes 有绉胶底的鞋 3 [C] a very thin PANCAKE (1)薄煎饼 4 [U]
CREPE PAPER 纸
crepe pa·per /· '·/ also 又作 crepe — n [U] thin brightly
coloured paper with a finely lined and folded surface, espe-
cially used for making decorations 纸
crepes su·zette, crepes suzette /krep su`zt; kreip su:'zet/
[P] a dish of thin PANCAKES with a thick orange liquid, served
with a strong alcoholic drink, especially BRANDY or CURACAO
which is often lit to make a flame at the table橘子黄油薄卷饼
crept /krept; krept/ past tense & participle of CREEP
cre·pus. cu. lar /kri`paskjele; kri'paskjle/ adj1 lit of the time
when day is changing into night or night into day; not bright; 
faint【文】黄昏的；黎明的；昏暗的；模糊的 2 tech (of an animal)
active only during this time【术语】〔动物〕只在晨昏之际活动的
cre·scen. do1 /kre fendo; kr'fendeu/ n -dos 1 a piece of music
which gradually becomes very loud 〔音乐的〕渐强（段落） -
opposite 反义词 diminuendo 2 infml a point of greatest ex-
citement or urgency【非正式】高潮，顶点：The demands for an
election rose to a crescendo. 要求大选的呼声达到了高潮。
crescendo2 adj (of a piece of music) gradually becoming louder
〔音乐〕渐强的
cres. cent /'kresnt; 'kresant/ n 1 the curved shape of the moon
during its first and last quarters, when it forms less than half a
circle 新月；上[下]弦月；娥眉月 2 something shaped like this. 
such as a curved row of houses or curved street弦月状物：an
oriental crescent-shaped sword 东方的弦月状剑 3 (often cap. 
常用大写) this shape as a sign of the Muslim religion 伊斯兰教
的象征：medieval wars between Cross (=Christianity) and
Crescent(=Islam)基督教与伊斯兰教之中世纪战争 — see also
另见RED CRESCENT
crescent roll /'· ·/ n AmE for【美】= CROISSANT
crescent wrench /'·/ n [C] AmE a spanner with parts that
can be moved to hold things of different sizes【美】活动扳手
cress /kres; kres/ n [U] a very small plant whose sharp-tasting
leaves are eaten raw 水芹〔叶味辣，可生食)：a salad ofmus-
tard and cress 芥菜和水芹色拉 — see also 另见 WATERCRESS
Cres·si·da /kraside; 'kreside/ Cresseid /krasid; 'kresid/ — see
参见 TROILUS AND CRESSIDA
crest /krast; krest/ n 1 a showy growth of feathers on top of a
bird's head 鸟冠；羽冠 2 a decoration like this worn, especially
in former times, on top of soldiers' HELMETs 〔昔日头盔上的
羽饰 3 [(of) usually sing. 一般用单数] the top or highest point
of something, especially of a hill or a wave〔尤指山的〕顶，〔波
浪的)峰：The path follows the crest of the hill for several miles. 
通往山顶的小道有好几英里。|The President is currentlyriding
the crest of a wave of popularity. (=is very popular at the
present time)总统的声望目前已达顶点。4 a special picture used
as a personal mark on letters, envelopes etc, or above the shield
on a COAT OF ARMS信封、信笺上的饰章等
Crest trademark a type of TOOTHPASTE sold in the US and the
UK【商标】佳洁士牌牙膏
Cres. ta Run, the /kreste rvn; 'kreste, rvn/ a deep steep path
with twists in it which is cut into the ice at ST MORITZ in Swit-
zerland and used for racing in BOBSLEIGHS (=a special vehicle
with metal blades for riding fast over snow and ice)克雷斯塔
滑道〔在瑞士圣莫里茨山冰层中开凿出来的一条雪橇赛道，陡峭并
带有许多转弯
crest·ed /`krastid; 'krestd/ adj having a crest 有冠毛的；有羽饰
的；有饰章的：crested writing paper 有饰章的信纸| a crested
grebe(=type of bird with a crest)有羽冠的
crest-fallen /`krest folen; 'krest, fo:len/ adj disappointed and
sad; having lost your self-confidence 沮丧的；垂头丧气的
Crete /krit: kri:t/ the largest island belonging to Greece, in the
SE Mediterranean Sea. The important MINOAN CIVILIZATION
was based on Crete between 3000 BC and 1100 BC. 克里特岛
〔希腊最大岛屿，位于地中海东南部，公元前3000年至公元前
1100年极具影响的米诺斯文明即以该岛为中心) - Cretan n, adj
cret. in /`kritin; 'kretn/ n 1 taboo slang an extremely stupid
person; an extremely offensive word【讳，俚】笨蛋，白痴〔极具
冒犯性)2 med a person whose development of mind and body
has stopped in early childhood【医】呆小[克汀] 病患者 — ~ous
adj
cret·onne /kri`tan; kre'ton/ n [U] heavy cotton cloth with printed
patterns on it, used for curtains etc. (做窗帘等用的)印花棉布
Creutz. feldt-Jak. ob Dis. ease /kroitsfelt `jakob di. ziz:
kroitsfelt 'jaekob di, zi:z/ n [U] — see 参见 CJD
cre·vasse /kre`vaes; kri'vaes/ n a deep open crack, especially in
thick ice 〔冰的〕裂缝；缺口：The dog fell into the crevasse. 狗
掉进冰窟窿里了
crev. ice /`kravis; 'krevs/ n a narrow crack or opening, espe-
cially in rock〔尤指岩石的〕裂缝；缺口
crew1/kru; kru:/n [C+sing. /pl. v] 1 a all the people working on
a ship, plane, spacecraft etc 全体船员；〔飞机、宇宙飞船的〕全体
机务人员：The plane crashed, killing all its passengers ana
crew. 飞机失事了，所有乘客和机组人员都遇难了。b all these
people except the officers〔除船长、机长外的〕船员；机务人员：
0406
The crew islare waiting for instructions from the captain. 船
员在等待船长的命令。2 a group of people working together
队[一组]工作人员：a train track repair crew 铁路维修组
the camera crew on a movie set 摄影棚里的电影摄制组 — see
also 另见 GROUND CREW 3 a rowing team 全体划船队员；划船
队 4 infml a group or collection of people【非正式】一群人：
We're a happy crew in our office. 我们办公室的一伙人相处得
很愉快。 His friends are rather amotley crew. (=a strange
or unusual mixture of people)他的朋友良莠不齐，相当复杂
crew2v[I; T] to act as a crew member on (a boat)充当船员
crew3 old use【旧】past tense of CROW
crew cut /'· ·/ ‖also 又作 buzz AmE【美】- n a very closely
cut style of hair 平头〔发式〕
Crewe /kru; kru:/ a town in Cheshire, NW England, which is ar
important railway centre 克鲁〔位于英格兰西北部柴郡的一个镇，
为重要的铁路枢纽〕
crew·el·work /kruelw3k; 'kru:elw3:k/ n [U] EMBROIDERY us
ing thick thread made from wool 绒线刺绣
crew·man /`krumen; 'kru:men/ n-men /-men; -men/ a mem-
ber of a CREW1(1, 2, and 3)全体船员〔机务人员、工作人员、划
船队员)中的一位：Captain Pod will share the boat with six
other crewmen. 波德船长将与其他六名船员同乘一条船
crew neck /'· ·/ n a plain round neck on a jumper 圆式衣领 -
compare 比较 V-NECK
crib1 /krib; krib/ n 1 [C] especially AmE a bed for a baby or
young child; COT【尤美】〔有栏杆的〕小儿床 2 [C] an open box
or wooden frame holding food for animals; MANGER 饲料槽
秣槽：a corn crib 谷槽 3 [C] BrE【英】‖ crèche AmE【美】- a
model of the scene of Jesus' birth, often placed in churches
and homes at Christmas. It consists of all or most of the
following: in the centre, a CRIB'(2) containing the baby Jesus
surrounded by Mary and Joseph, SHEPHERDS with their sheep
three kings with presents, and an OX and an ASS. Above the
scene is the star which signalled the birth of Jesus. 〔圣诞节时
教堂或家中陈列的〕耶稣诞生情景的模型〔包含以下全部或大部分
模型：中间是马槽，里面躺着婴儿耶稣，旁边围着马利亚、约瑟、牧
羊人及其羊群、三位拿着礼物的博士、一头牛和一头驴，上空是
颗标志着耶稣诞生的星星]4[C]infml【非正式】a something
copied dishonestly from someone else's work, especially at
school〔尤指在学校的〕抄袭，剽窃 b also 又作 trot AmE【美】--
a book supplying a translation or giving answers to questions, 
often used dishonestly by students〔常被学生用来抄袭的〕参考
用书，对照本 5[U] infml the game of cribbage【非正式】克里比
奇纸牌戏 6 [C] the four cards set aside for the dealer to use in
cribbage 克里巴奇牌戏中的配点牌
crib2v-bb- [I; T (from, off)] infml to copy (something) dishon-
estly from someone else【非正式】抄袭，剽窃：I didn't know the
answers so I cribbed them off Jean. 我不会答这几道题，所以
就抄了琼的。
crib·bage /`kribid3; 'kribid3/ also 又作 crib infml【非正式】-- 
[U] a card game in which points are shown by putting small
pieces of wood in holes in a small board (cribbage board)克
里巴奇纸牌戏〔用木钉插入木板上的小孔计分的一种纸牌戏〕
crib death /' ·/ n AmE for【美】= COT DEATH
crick1 /krik; krik/ n [(in)] a sudden painful stiffening of the
muscles, especially in the back or the neck, making movement
difficult〔背或颈的)痛性痉挛； a crick in my neck 我颈部的痛
性痉挛
crick2y [T] to produce a crick in 引起〔背或颈的〕痛性痉挛：She
cricked her neck playing tennis, 她打网球引起颈部痛性痉挛。
Crick, Francis (1916-) a British scientist who worked with
James WATSON, and discovered the structure of DNA, the sub
stance that carries GENETIC information in the cells of plants. 
animals, and humans. They won the Nobel prize in 1962 for
their work. 克里克〔(1916-)，英国科学家，曾与詹姆斯·沃森合
作并发现了脱氧核糖核酸的分子结构，该物质载有植物、动物和人
类的遗传信息，两人因此获得1962年的诺贝尔奖〕
*crick. et1 /krikit; 'krikt/ n [U] 1 an outdoor game, popular in
Britain, played in summer with a small ball covered with red
leather, a BAT, and WICKETS, by two teams of 11 players each. 
usually dressed all in white. One team tries to get RUNS2 (10)
while the other team FIELDS 板球（运动） 2 not cricket BrE old-
fash or humor (of an action) unfair or not honourable【英，过
时或幽】不公平；不光明正大：It would have been easy to cheat, 
but it wouldn't have been cricket. 行骗容易但不光彩
cricket2n a small brown insect, the male of which makes loud
short noises by rubbing its leathery wings together 蟋蟀
crick·et·er /`krikite; 'krikte/ n a person who plays cricket 板
球运动员
cried /kraid; kraid/ past tense & participle of CRY
cri-er /`kraie; 'kraie/ n a TOWN CRIER〔昔日的)沿街呼唤传报消
息的人
cries /kraiz; kraiz/ 3rd person sing. present tense of CRY
cri·key /`kraiki; 'kraiki/ interj BrE slang (an expression of
surprise)【英俚】哎呀〔表示惊讶
*crime /kraim; kraim/ n 1 [C] an offence which is punishable by
law 罪，罪行； the crime of arson 纵火罪 | Drug-smuggling is
a serious crime. 毒品走私是严重的罪行。| bank robbers and
other people whocommit violentcrimes 银行劫匪以及其他
犯有暴力罪行的人 | They say that murderers always returr
to the scene of the crime, 他们说凶手常会返回犯罪现场。2[U]
illegal activity in general 违法[犯罪] 活动：It is the job of the
police to prevent crime. 防止犯罪是警察的任务。| The latest
crime statistics show a worrying rise in violent crime. 最近的
犯罪统计数字表明，暴力犯罪率正在上升，很令人不安。| a crime
wave (=situation in which there is a lot of crime)犯罪活动高潮 3
C] a bad, immoral, or dishonourable act不道德的行为：She
committed the unforgivable crime of voting against her own
party in the defence debate. 在防务辩论中，她投票反对自己的
党，犯了不可宽恕的错误。4 [S] infml a shame; pity【非正式】羞
愧的事；憾事：It's a crime that this food should be wasted. 这
食物竟然被白白浪费了，实在是罪过。5crime doesn't pay say
ing people who COMMIT crimes will not become rich, but will
be caught and punished【谚】犯罪没好报，犯罪终无好下场 -
compare 比较 SIN; see also 另见 ORGANIZED CRIME, WAR CRIME
Cri·me·a, the /krai`mie; krai'mi:e/ a part of the Ukraine nearly
surrounded by the Black Sea. The CRIMEAN WAR was fought
there. 克里米亚〔乌克兰的一部分，几乎被黑海包围，克里米亚战
争就是在该地进行的〕
crime a-gainst hu. man·i·ty /，·. ·/n an extremely serious
crime such as causing the deaths of large numbers of people, 
especially directed against a population of whom most or all
have done nothing to their AGGRESSOR 反人类罪
Crimean War, the /，. '/ (1853-1856) a war between Russia
on one side, and Britain, France, Turkey and Sardinia on the
other. It started because Britain and France believed that Rus-
sia intended to take control of the Balkans (=SE Europe), and
it ended when the Russians were defeated and lost control of
their naval base at Sevastopol. In the UK, most people connect
the Crimean War with Florence NIGHTINGALE, who cared for
the injured soldiers and developed new ideas about nursing, 
and with a battle called the CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE, a
serious military mistake in which many British soldiers were
killed. 克里米亚战争〔(1853-1856)，俄国与英国、法国、土耳其、
撒丁王国联军之间的战争。战争起因是英国和法国认为俄国打算
染指巴尔干地区，最终以俄国战败并失去设在塞瓦斯托波尔的海军
基地结束。在英国，大部分人把该战争与弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔这位
照料受伤士兵的护理学先驱，以及与使大批英国士兵阵亡的严重军
事错误“轻骑旅的冲锋”战役联系在一起〕
crime of pas. sion /，·'·/n a crime, usually murder, resulting
from sexual jealousy and popularly believed to often be pun-
ished more lightly by a judge 情杀罪〔普遍认为常常会被法官从
轻处罚〕
Crime·watch /`kraimwatf; 'kraimwptf/ a British television
programme which gives details about crimes that have not yet
been solved and asks people to telephone the programme or
the police if they have any helpful information about the crime
《案件聚焦》〔英国一电视节目，报道未被侦破的案件详情，并呼吁
民众如果掌握任何与犯罪有关的线索即致电该节目或警方
*crim·i·nal'/krimenl; 'krimnal/ adj 1 being a crime 犯罪的，犯
法的：a criminal offence(=a serious offence, especially one
that you could be sent to prison for)刑事犯罪| criminal
behaviour/tendencies 犯罪行为 [趋势] 2 [A no comp. 无比较
级] of crime or its punishment 与犯罪有关的；刑事的； Does he
have a criminal record?他有犯罪记录吗?| Her attorney
advised her to institute criminal proceedings against hel
employers. 律师建议她对雇主提出刑事诉讼。 — compare 比较
CIVIL (2) 3 infml yery wrong【非正式】罪过的：错误的； a crimi-
nal waste of money 挥霍金钱的罪过 — ~ly adv
criminal2n a person who is guilty of crime犯人，犯：Prison
is a place for punishing criminals. 监狱是处罚罪犯的地方。
Putting these young men into prison alongside hardened
criminals (men who have been guilty of many crimes) is the
surest way to make them reoffend. 把这些年轻人和惯犯关押在
一起必定会使他们再次犯罪
criminal dam. age /，. . ·/ n the offence of deliberately dam. 
aging or destroying the property of another person 刑事损害
crim·i·nal·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`krimen], aiz; 'krimnal
aiz/ ν [T] to cause to become a criminal 使成罪犯 - -ization
/, kriminelai`zefen; krimnal-ai'zeifan/ n [U]
0407
Criminal Jus. tice Bill, the /. . ·/ n a series of changes to
British law in 1995， officially called the Criminal Justice and
Public Order Act, which changed the law concerning a
person's right to silence (=their right to say nothing when the
police ARREST them, or when they are on trial in a court of
aw), and also made the laws against squatting (SQUAT)(=living
in a building without the owner's permission) and trespassing
(TRESPASS)(=being on someone's land without their permission)
much stricter. 《刑事审判法案》〔1995年进行的一系列英国法律修
订，正式称为《刑事审判与公共治安条例》，它修改了有关个人缄默
权的法律，同时也使制裁擅自占住他人建筑及闯入私人土地行为的
法律更加严厉〕
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Many people in the UK
especially young people, protested against this new law
because they believed that it took away important CIVII
RIGHTS, especially the right to silence. In the past some
one who was being tried in a court of law had the right to
remain silent, but the Criminal Justice Act states that re-
maining silent can be seen as a sign that someone is guilty. 
The law was also seen as an attempt to prevent RAVE
=large parties with loud music), and to give the police the
power to arrest NEW AGE TRAVELLERS, and HUNT SABOTEURS
在英国，许多人，特别是年轻人反对这项新的法律，因为他们
认为该法律剥夺了重要的人权，尤其是缄默权。过去，在法庭
上受审的人有权保持沉默，但是《刑事审判法案》中称保持沉
默可被视为有罪的表现。该法律也被视为一种尝试，旨在防止
喧闹的聚会，赋予警方逮捕“新世纪”流浪者以及反狩猎活动
的权力。 — see also Cultural Note at另见 SQUATTER 文化
注释
criminal law /. '/ n [U] the law concerning crimes and their
punishments 刑法：She's an expert in criminal law. 她是一位
刑法专家。 — compare 比较CANON LAW, CIVIL LAW, COMMON
LAW
crim. i. nol. o. gy /krime`naled3i; krim'noled3i/ n [U] the sci. 
entific study of crime and criminals 犯罪学 --gist n
crimp1/krimp; krimp/ v [T] to press (especially hair) into small
regular folds 使〔头发〕拳曲；把··压成褶子
crimp2n infml, especially AmE something that spoils or limits
【非正式，尤美】搞坏事情的事物；束缚：The thought of that meet
ing has really put a crimp in my day!想到那个会议真的使我
整天都兴味索然！
crim. plene /krimplin; 'krimpli:n/ n [U] trademark a type of
artificially made material used for clothes, which tends not to
develop CREASES when it is folded or crushed. Crimplene was
very popular and fashionable in the 1960s, but most people
would not wear it now. 【商标】克林普纶〔一种不起皱的衣料，
20世纪60年代极受欢迎、非常时髦，但现在大多数人不喜欢穿着
crim. son1 /`krimzn; 'krimzan/ adj having a deep purplish red
colour 深红色的：a crimson sky 深红色的天空 | She turnea
crimson with embarrassment. 她窘得满脸通红。- crimson 
crimson2v [I; T] to (cause to) become crimson(使)变深红色
His face crimsoned when he saw her watching him, 他发觉她
在看着自己时，脸色变得绯红。
cringe /krind3; krind3/ v [I] 1 to bend and move back, espe-
cially from fear; COWER 畏缩，退缩：The dog cringed when it
saw my stick. 狗看见我的手杖就退缩了。2 [(before, to)] to be
have without self-respect towards someone in a more impor-
tant or powerful position 卑躬屈膝，阿谀奉承：He always
cringes beforelto the boss. 他在老板面前总是卑躬屈膝。3[(at)]
infml to have a very uncomfortable feeling of shame or dislike
【非正式】憎恶：I cringed with embarrassment when my father
was rude to my teacher. 我父亲对我的教师失礼时，我感到很厌
恶，并且很难堪
crin-kle' /krinkl; 'krinkal/ v [I; T] to (cause to) become cov-
ered with fine lines or folds, e. g. by pressing or crushing （使）
起皱：My clothes were all crinkled when I got them out of the
case. 我的衣服从箱子里拿出来时都皱了。| to crinkle one's nose
in disgust 厌恶地皱鼻
crinkle2n a fold or line made e. g. by crushing cloth or paper〔布
或纸上的〕皱纹 — compare 比较 WRINKLE1(1)
crin-kly /`krinki; 'krinkli/ adj 1 having many crinkles 多皱纹
的 2 (of hair) curly 〔头发〕拳曲的 - -kliness n [U]
crin·o·line /krinlin; 'krimeln/ n a woman's stiff undergarment
worn in former times to support a full skirt 〔旧时支撑女裙的)
裙衬；圈环裙
cripes /kraips; kraips/ interj slang, especially BrE (an expres-
sion of surprise)【俚，尤英】天哪！啊！〔表示惊讶〕
Crip. pen /`kripin; 'kripn/, Dr. (1862-1910) a US doctor who
murdered his wife in England and then tried to escape to the
US on a ship. The ship received a MORSE CODE message from
the police, and as a result he was caught. Dr. Crippen is known
as being the first criminal to be caught in this way. 克里平
〔(1862-1910)，美国医生，在英国谋杀了妻子后，试图乘船逃往美
国。船方接到警方用莫尔斯电码发出的电报，因此将他擒获。他是
第一个通过这种方法被捕获的罪犯，因此而闻名〕
crip. ple' /kripl; 'kripal/ n someone who is unable to use one or
more of their limbs properly, especially the legs (usually con-
sidered offensive to disabled people)四肢〔尤指腿部〕有缺陷
的人；伤残人 — see also 另见 DISABLED
cripple2v [T] 1 to hurt or wound (a person) so that use of one or
more of the limbs is made difficult or impossible 使受伤致残：
The accident crippled him for life. 这次事故使他终身残废。
a crippling blow 致残的一击 2 infml to damage or weaken
seriously【非正式】严重损坏或削弱：The country was crippled
by the war. 战争使该国元气大伤。| the company's crippling
debts 使公司陷于瘫痪的债务
Cris. co /`krisko; 'kriskeu/ trademark a type of vegetable fat or
vegetable oil used in cooking, which is sold in the US【商标】
“克里斯科”牌植物烹调油
cri-sis /`kraisis; 'kraiss/ n -ses /-siz; -si:z/ 1 a point or moment
of great danger, difficulty, or uncertainty 危机；紧要关头：The
sudden rise in oil prices led to an economic crisis. 油价骤升
引发了经济危机。|The present housing crisis (=severe short-
age of housing) is the result of years of neglect. 目前的住房危
机是多年来忽视这一问题的结果。| Relations between the two
countries have reached crisis point. 两国关系已达到出现危机
的地步。2 the time in a serious illness at which there is a sud-
den change for better or worse 〔重病的〕转折点
crisis line /'· ·/ also 又作 hotline - n AmE a telephone service
which offers free help to people who think themselves to be in
a particular crisis【美】向处于困境中的人提供免费援助的专线电
话，热线：a crisis line for the parents of missing children 为失
踪儿童父母设置的一条热线电话 — compare 比较 HELPLINE
crisis man·age. ment /'·，. ·/ n [U] the art or process of keep
ing a situation of great danger or uncertainty under control危
机处理（技巧） ：Once news of the redundancies leaks out, your
job will become largely an exercise in crisis management. 裁
员的消息一旦泄露出去，你的职责将主要是处理紧急事务了。
crisis of con-fi-dence /，. ··. /n -ses of confidence a point
when confidence in a plan, person, company etc becomes very
weak〔计划、个人、公司等的〕信任危机：The crisis of confidence
in the party led to its leader's downfall. 党内信任危机导致了
其领导人下台
crisp1 /krisp; krisp/ also 又作 potato crisp BrE【英】‖ potato
chip AmE & AustrE【美，澳】- n a thin piece of potato cooked
in very hot fat, dried, and sold in packets; crisps are generally
considered to be not a very healthy food, 油炸马铃薯片〔一般
被认为不是十分有益健康的食品)：I'll have a pint of beer and
a packet of crisps, please. 我要一品脱啤酒和一袋油炸马铃薯
片。
crisp2 adj 1 hard; dry; easily broken 脆的；易碎的；干而硬的
crisp pastry 脆皮点心| crisp bacon 发脆的腌熏猪肉 2 firm
and fresh, as if recently made or grown 新鲜而爽口的：a crisp
apple 鲜脆的苹果| crisp vegetables 新鲜的蔬菜 | a crisp new
five-pound note/five-dollar bill 新发行的5英镑[5美元]面值
钞票 3(of the air, weather etc) cold, dry, and fresh〔空气、气候
等)干而冷的；清爽的，清新的：a crisp winter day 干而冷的冬日
4 (of style, manners etc) quick and confident; showing no
doubts or slowness; BRISK〔风格、态度等〕干脆的；利落的：a crisp
reply/performance 简明扼要的回答；干净利落的表演5(of hair)
tightly curled 〔头发〕拳曲的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
crisp3 v [I; T (UP)] to (cause to) become crisp, especially by
cooking or heating(使)变脆
Crisp. Quen tin /kwentin: 'kwentan/ (1908-1999) a writer and
CRITIC who was born in the UK but went to live in the US. He
is known especially for writing The Naked Civil Servant and
for being HOMOSEXUAL, and for his clever and amusing opin-
ions and strange clothes. 克里斯普〔(1908-1999)，英国出生但
侨居美国的作家和评论家，尤以作品《裸体的公务员》而闻名，有同
性恋倾向，观点机智风趣，服装奇异古怪
crisp. bread /krispbred; 'krispbred/ n a dry unsweetened BIS-
CUIT made from grain, often eaten by people wanting to lose
weight, in place of bread, or by those who consider it to be a
healthy food〔谷物制成的无甜味〕饼干〔常为想减肥或将它视作健
康食品的人食用
crisp. y /krispi; 'krispi/ adjinfml【非正式】= CRISP2(1, 2) - -iness
n[U]
0408
criss. cross /kris, kros; 'kriskros/ n a pattern made by crossing
a lot of straight lines; network of lines 蛛网图案；纵横交错的
网：a crisscross design 十字形图案 - crisscross v [I; T]: rail-
way lines crisscrossing the map 地图上纵横交错的铁路线
cri. te. ri. on /krai`tirien; krai'tierien/ n -ria /-rie; -rie/ or -rions
an established standard or principle, on which a judgment or
decision is based〔判断、决定的)标准，准则：What criteria do
you use to judge a good wine?你用什么标准判断葡萄酒的好
坏？| Our proposal failed to meet the criteria established by
the government, so they gave us no money. 我们的建议不符合
政府确定的标准，因此他们不给我们钱。
crit. ic /kritik; 'kritik/ n 1 a person who gives judgments about
the good and bad qualities of something, especially art, music, 
films etc, especially someone who does this as a job〔尤指文
学、艺术)评论家，批评家：She's the music critic for The Times'. 
她是《泰晤士报》的音乐评论员。2 a person who dislikes and
expresses strong disapproval of something or someone吹毛求
疵的人，爱挑剔者：an outspoken critic of the government's
defence policy 对政府防务政策直言不讳的批评者|It's easy
to be an armchair critic. (=do nothing yourself but express
disapproval of others)做个空口批评家并不难。
crit. i. cal /kritikl; 'kritikal/ adj 1 of or being a moment of great
danger, difficulty, or uncertainty, when a sudden change to a
better or worse condition is likely; of or being a CRISIS危急的；
紧要关头的；关键时刻的：a critical stage in his illness/in the
negotiations 病情[谈判]的关键阶段 |a matter of critical
importance 极为重要的事| We arrived at the critical moment. 
我们在关键时刻到达。| The next two weeks will be critical
(for the company). (对该公司来说)未来两周是决定性的。2 pro-
viding a careful judgment of the good and bad qualities of some-
thing 判断审慎的；评判性的：a critical analysis/assessment of
the government's record 批判地分析[评估]政府的政绩 | criti-
cal writings 批判性的文章 |Her new book received critical
acclaim. (=was praised by the critics)她的新书受到评论家的
赞扬。| It was a critical success (=critics liked it) but the
public gave the thumbs down. 对批评家来说这是个成功之作，
但公众却不赞赏。3[(of)] finding fault; judging severely吹毛
求疵的；批评严厉的：Why are you so critical of everything I
wear?为什么你对我穿戴的每件东西都那么挑剔？ — ~ly/-kli; 
-kli/ adv
critical mass /，. . '/ n [C; U] (in science) the amount of a sub-
stance necessary for an atomic CHAIN REACTION to take place
〔核连锁反应必需的)临界质量：(fig. 喻)The party never reached
the critical mass; everyone sat around the whole evening look-
ing uncomfortable. 那次聚会一直没有达到预期效果；大家整个
晚上都局促不安地坐在那里。
critical path a·nal. y. sis /，. . . . / n a method of planning a
large piece of work so that there will be few delays and the
cost will be as low as possible关键途径分析法〔对一项大型工
作进行计划，以减少延期时间、尽量压缩成本的方法〕
crit. i. cis. m /krite sizom; 'kritsizam/ n [C; U]1 (an) unfavourable
judgment or expression of disapproval批评；指责：Criticism
doesn't worry me. 批评不会使我不安。| This decision has
come in for (=received) a great deal of criticism. 这一决定受
到许多批评。2(an example of) the forming and expressing of
judgments about the good or bad qualities of anything, espe-
cially artistic work; work of a critic 评论；批评文：literary criti-
cism 文学批评 — see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Criticism and
Praise
crit·i-cize also 又作 -cise BrE【英】/`krite saiz; 'kritsaiz/ v [I; 
T]1 [(for)] to judge with disapproval; point out the faults of
批评；指责：The report strongly criticizes the police for failing to
deal with this problem. 报告强烈批评警方没有处理这一问题。
2 to make judgments about the good and bad points of评论：
It's hard to criticize one's own work. 评价自己的作品很难。
cri·tique /kri`tik; kri'ti:k/ n an article, book etc criticizing
something, such as the work of a writer 评论文章；评论
crit·ter /krite; 'krite/ n AmE infml a creature【美，非正式】生物
croak1/krok; kreuk/ v 1 [I] to make a deep low noise such as a
FROG makes 作蛙鸣声 2 [I; T] to speak with a rough voice as if
you have a sore throat 用沙哑声说话 3 [I] slang to die【俚】死亡
croak2n a croaking noise 蛙鸣声
Cro. at /kroaet; 'kreuaet/ n 1 someone who comes from Croatia
克罗地亚人 2 n[C; U] the language of Croatia, a form of SERBO-
CROAT克罗地亚语
Cro. a. tia /kro`efe; kreu'eife/ a country in E Europe between
Hungary and the Adriatic Sea. Population: 4, 495, 000(1995). 
Capital: Zagreb. It was part of Yugoslavia until 1991. 克罗地
亚〔东欧一国，位于匈牙利和亚德里亚海之间。人口：4, 495, 000
(1995), 首都：萨格勒布。1991年以前是南斯拉夫的一部分〕-
Croatian n, adj
cro. chet'/kro`fe; 'kreufei/ n [U] (examples of) the art of mak-
ing clothes, tablecloths etc with a special hooked needle
(crochet hook)钩针编织（品）
crochet2v [I; T] to make by means of crochet 用钩针编织：to
crochet a shawl 用钩针编织围巾 — compare 比较 KNIT(1)
crock1/krak; krok/ n a clay pot 瓦罐
crock2n infml【非正式】1 especially BrE an old car【尤英】旧汽
车 2 a weak old person 老弱的人：We old crocks can't run like
you. 我们这些老朽不能像你这样跑了。
Crocker, Betty — see 参 BETTY CROCKER
crock·e·ry /krakeri; 'krokeri/ especially BrE【尤英】‖earth-
enware especially AmE【尤美】- n [U] cups, plates etc made
from baked clay陶器，瓦器
Crock. ett /'krakit; 'krokt/, Da. vy /devi; 'deivi/ (1786-1836)
a US FRONTIERSMAN who became a member of CONGRESS and
was later killed trying to defend the ALAMO. He is shown in
pictures wearing clothes made from brown leather and a hat
made from a RACOON tail. A popular song from a 1950s US
television programme about him contains the well-known
words 'Davy, Davy Crockett, king of the wild frontier'. 克罗
克特〔(1786-1836)，美国的边疆开拓者、国会议员，在力图保卫阿
拉莫时遭杀害。在画上，他穿着棕色皮衣，头戴浣熊尾巴做的帽子。
20世纪50年代，一部描写他的电视剧的插曲广受欢迎，其中一句
著名的歌词是“戴维，戴维·克罗克特，荒蛮边疆之王”〕
crock of gold // n a pot of gold which is supposed to be
found at the end of a RAINBOW(=an arch with seven colours in
the sky)盛满黄金的瓦罐〔据说在彩虹的一端〕
croc. o. dile /`krake, dail; 
'krokedail/ n-diles or-dile 1
crocodile 鳄鱼
[C] a large REPTILE that lives
on land and in lakes and riv-
ers in the hot wet parts of the
world. It has a long hard-
skinned body and a long
mouth with many teeth. 鳄鱼
 — compare 比较ALLIGATOR
2 [U] the skin of this animal
used as leather 鳄鱼皮：croco-
dile shoes 鳄鱼皮鞋 3 [C] BrE
a line of people, especially
schoolchildren, walking in
pairs【英】两人一排成纵队行进
的人〔尤指小学生〕4 in a
while, crocodile — see 参见 ALLIGATOR
Crocodile Dun. dee /，. . . '/ a humorous US film about an Aus-
tralian CROCODILE hunter called Crocodile Dundee who goes
to New York City《鳄鱼邓迪》〔美国喜剧影片，讲述一名叫做鳄
鱼邓迪的澳大利亚捕鳄人来到纽约市的故事〕
crocodile tears /krake dail tirz; 'krokedail tiez/ n [P] insin-
cere tears or other insincere signs of sorrow or sympathy鳄鱼
眼泪，假慈悲
cro. cus /krokes; 'kreukes/ n a small low-growing plant with a
single purple, yellow, or white flower which opens in early
spring 番红花，藏红花
Croe. sus /krises; 'kri:ses/(?-546 BC) a king of Lydia in ASIA
MINOR, known for being very rich. People sometimes say that
someone is 'as rich as Croesus'to mean that the person is ex-
tremely rich. 克罗伊斯〔(？-公元前546)，小亚细亚的吕底亚国王
以非常富有闻名。人们有时把某人说成“as rich as Croesus”(像
克罗伊斯一样有钱)，意思是他极其富有〕
croft /kroft; kroft/ n BrE a very small farm, especially in Scotland
【英】〔尤指苏格兰的〕小农场
Croft, Lara an ANIMATED female character in a popular com-
puter game called Tomb Raider, known for being very sexu-
ally attractive 罗拉·克罗夫特〔广受欢迎的电脑游戏《古墓丽影》
中一个女性动画人物，以极其性感著称〕
croft. er /krofte; 'krofte/ n BrE a person who lives and works
on a croft【英】〔尤指苏格兰的〕佃农；小农场主
crois. sant /krwa`sa; 'krwa:son/ n a
piece of bread shaped in a curve, that
croissant 牛角面包
is originally from France and is
eaten especially for breakfast牛角
面包，羊角面包；新月形面包〔源于法
国，尤用作早餐〕
Cro-Ma-gnon /kro `maegnen; kreu
'maenjon/n an early type of human
being who lived in Europe from
around 60, 000 BC to 10, 000 BC, and
who made tools from stone and bone
0409
and lived in CAVES 克罗马农人〔早期的人类，公元前约60, 000
年至公元前10. 000年间生活在欧洲，他们使用石制或骨制工具
居住在岩洞中)：The Cro-Magnons wore jewellery made of
shell and bone. 克罗马农人佩戴贝壳和骨头做成的首饰。- Cro-
Magnon adj: Cro-Magnon cave paintings 克罗马农人的岩洞
画
crom·lech /`kramlak; 'kromlek/ n tech【术语】1 a circle of up
ight stones built in ancient times in Britain and France〔古代
英国和法国的〕环状石柱群2a DOLMEN桌形石
Cromp. ton /krampten; 'krompten/, Rich. mal /ritfml; 'ritfmal/
(1890-1969) a British writer who wrote a famous series of
numorous children's novels, known as the JUST WILLIAM books
about the adventures of an 11-year-old English schoolboy called
William Brown who always gets into trouble. 克朗普顿〔(1890. 
1969), 英国作家，曾创作过一系列著名的儿童幽默小说，即《威廉
的故事》丛书，描述一位老是惹麻烦的11岁英国学童威廉·布朗的
特殊经历〕
Crom·well /`kramwl; 'kromwel/, Ol. i. ver /`aleve-; 'plve/
(1599-1658)an English military and political leader who led
the army of Parliament against King CHARLES I in the English
Civil War. After defeating the King, he made a REPUBLIC(=a
country without a king or queen) called'the Commonwealth', 
and ruled as Lord Protector until his death. 克伦威尔〔(1599
1658), 英国军事和政治领导人，曾在英国内战中率领议会军队反
抗国王查理一世。胜利之后成立了共和国称“共和政体”，去世前
作为护国公执掌政权
Cromwell, Thom·as (1485-1540) an English politician who
became King HENRY VIII'S chief adviser, and made laws that
gave Henry control of all the churches in England, instead of the
Pope. He also organized the DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTERIES. 
克伦威尔〔(1485-1540)，英国政治家，曾任亨利八世的主要谋臣. 
并制定法律赋予亨利八世管理英格兰所有教堂的权力，从而取代了
教皇。他还组织了解散隐修院运动〕
Cromwell Street /'. / a street in Gloucester, England where
Fred and Rosemary WEST lived. In 1994， the Wests were ar
rested (ARREST) for killing several people, mostly girls and
young women, and burying their bodies under the house. The
house they lived in has since been destroyed and replaced with
a small park. 克伦威尔街〔位于英格兰格洛斯特郡，弗雷德和罗斯
玛丽·韦斯特所住过的街道。1994年韦斯特夫妇因谋杀罪被逮捕，
他们杀害的大部分是少女和年轻女性，并将尸体掩埋在屋子下面
该房屋现在已被拆除，并在原址上建起了一座小花园〕— see 参见
Fred WEST
crone /kron; kreun/ n derog an old woman, especially one whe
is ugly or nasty【贬】讨厌的丑老太婆
Cro·nen·berg /kronenb3g; 'kreunenb3:g/ David (1943-)a
Canadian film DIRECTOR whose films, including The Fly(1986)
and Crash (1996)， are often violent and shocking 戴维·克罗南
伯格〔(1943-)，加拿大电影导演，执导的影片常常充满暴力，令
人震惊，包括《变蝇人》(1986)和《欲望号快车》(1996)〕
Cron-kite /`krankait; 'kronkait/, Wal. ter /`wolte; 'wolter/
(1916-)a US television news reporter who was the ANCHOR
MAN (=the person who reads the news and introduces the
reports)for CBs news from 1962 to 1980. His opinions were
respected and trusted by many Americans. 克朗凯特〔(1916- )
美国电视新闻记者，1962年至1980年间任哥伦比亚广播公司新
闻节目主持人，他的观点为许多美国人尊重和信任〕
Cro·nus /`krones: 'kreunes/ Kro·nos /`kronas; 'kreunps/ in
Greek MYTHOLOGY, a son of URANUS and one of the TITANS. 
who became ruler of the world until he was defeated by ZEUS
In Roman mythology his name is SATURN. 克洛诺斯〔希腊神话
中乌拉诺斯之子，提坦巨神之一，被宙斯打败之前一直是世界的主
宰。罗马神话中他的名字叫萨图恩〕
cro·ny /kroni; 'kreuni/ n infml, sometimes derog a friend or
companion, especially of a person in a position of power【非正
式，有时贬】〔有权势者的〕密友，朋友：The mayor's always do-
ing favours for his cronies. 这位市长总是帮他好友的忙。
crook1 /kruk; kruk/ n 1 infml a very dishonest person, espe
cially a criminal【非正式】骗子；恶棍：That second-hand car
dealer is nothing but a crook -his cars are either stolen or
unsafe to drive. 那个旧汽车商纯粹是个骗子 ——他的汽车不是
偷来的就是开起来不安全。2 a bend or curve 弯曲部分；弯曲处
She carried the parcel in the crook of her arm, 她弯起手臂抱
着包裹。3 a long stick or tool with a curved end 〔一端有弯钩
的)手杖或工具：a shepherd's crook 牧羊人的手杖 — see also
另见 by hook or by crook (HOOK1)
crook2v [T] to bend 使弯曲：He crooked his finger, signalling
me to follow him. 他弯弯手指，向我示意跟着他走
crook3 adj AustrE infml【澳，非正式】1 sick; ill 有病的，不适的
I'm feeling a bit crook today. 今天我觉得有点不舒服。2 (of things)
nasty; bad 〔物品〕质量不好的；糟糕的：The food was crook. 食
品质量不好。
crook·ed /krukid; 'krukd/ adj 1 not straight; twisted; bent 弯
曲的：不直的； a crooked street 弯弯曲曲的街道 2 infml dishonest
【非正式】不诚实的；狡诈的：a crooked politician 不诚实的政客
 — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
croon /krun; kru:n/ v [I; T] 1 to sing (usually old slow popular
songs)with feeling 带感情地唱〔古老的慢节奏流行歌曲等)：He
crooned into the microphone. 他对着麦克风很有感情地唱起来。
2 to sing gently in a low soft voice 低声哼唱：She crooned a
lullaby. 她轻声地唱了一支摇篮曲
croon·er /`krune; 'kru:ne'/ n old use or humor an entertainer
who croons. A famous example is Bing Crosby, sometimes
called ‘the old crooner'in an AFFECTIONATE way. 【旧或幽】低
声哼唱的歌手〔著名的例子是宾·克罗斯比，有时被亲昵地称为“低
声哼唱的老歌手”〕
*crop1/krap; krpp/ n 1 [often pl. 常用复数] a plant or plant prod
uct such as grain, fruit, or vegetables grown by a farmer 庄稼，
作物：Wheat is a widely grown crop in Britain and North
America. 在英国和北美，小麦是普遍种植的农作物。| The heavy
rain did a lot of damage to the crops. 大雨毁坏了大量农作物。
- — see also另见 CASH CROP, CATCH CROP, SUBSISTENCT CROP
2 the amount of such a product that is grown and gathered in a
single season or place 收成，收获（量） ：We've had the biggest
wheat crop ever this year. 今年我们的小麦收获量是有史以来
最好的。| a record crop of apples 苹果的创记录收成|(fig. 喻)
this year's crop of new students 今年的一批新学生 3 a baglike
bart of a bird's throat where food is stored 〔鸟等的〕嗉囊 4 a
short riding whip 短马鞭 5 [usually sing. 一般用单数] hair cut
very short 平头（发式）：I don't think a crop suits her - it
makes her look like a prisoner. 我认为平头发式对她不合适一
这使她看起来像个囚犯
crop2v-pp- 1 [T] (of an animal) to bite off and eat the tops of
(plants)〔牲畜〕啃吃〔草等的顶端)：The sheep cropped the
grass. 羊啃吃青草。2 [T] to cut(a person's hair or a horse's
tail) short 剪短〔头发、马尾) 3 [I+adv] (of a plant) to produce a
crop 收获；收成：The potatoes have cropped well this year. 今
年马铃薯丰收。
crop out/up phr v [I] (of rocks etc) to show above the sur-
face of the ground 〔岩石等〕露出地面 — see also 另见 OUT-
CROP
crop up phr v [I] infml to happen or appear unexpectedly【非
正式】突然发生[出现]：Something has cropped up at work so
I'll be late home tonight. 工作中突然发生了一些事，今晚我要
晚点回家。
crop cir. cle /'·，·/ also 又作 corn circle - n any of a variety of
patterns that began appearing in the fields of farms in England
and some other European countries in the late 1980s and the
1990s. No one has offered a completely satisfactory explana-
tion of where the crop circles come from, and some people
think they are the work of beings from outside the Earth. (20
世纪80年代末期以及90年代英国和其他一些欧洲国家)农场田
地中出现的图案〔没有人能提供有关这些图案来源的满意解释，有
人认为是外星生物所为〕
crop. per1 /krape; 'krope/ n a person or thing that crops 收割
者；收割机
cropper2n BrE【英】come a cropper slang【俚】a to fall heavily
重跌 b to fail completely 惨败
crop spray. ing /. ·/ also 又作 crop dusting - n [U] the
spreading of insect-killing chemical powders and liquids over
crops, especially from a low-flying plane 作物喷粉〔尤指从低
飞的飞机上向作物喷撒杀虫剂〕
cro·quet /kro`ke; 'kreukei/ n [U] a game played on grass in
which players knock wooden balls through HOOPS(=small
metal arches)with a MALLET(=long-handled wooden hammer). 
Croquet was popular formerly in Britain, but is quite unusual
nowadays except in some parks or gardens. 门球游戏，槌球〔在
草地上用木槌击木球使之穿过金属拱门。该游戏以前在英国广受
欢迎，但现在除了在有些公园或院子内还有人玩之外，其他地方不
常见〕
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK, croquet is
mostly thought of as a game played by UPPER-CLASS people
In the US, croquet is usually played by families or chil-
dren in their own garden. 在英国，门球被大部分人认为是
上层阶级人士所玩的游戏。在美国，一般由一家人或小孩子在
自家院子里玩
cro-quette /kro ket; kreu'ket/ n a small rounded mass of crushed
meat, fish, potato etc covered with egg and BREADCRUMBs and
0410
cooked in deep fat〔外面裹鸡蛋和面包屑做成的〕炸肉[鱼]丸
crore /kror; kro:/ n crore or crores IndE & PakE ten million
100 LAKHS【印和巴】一千万：crores of/six crore of rupees 几千
万[六千万]卢比
Cros. by /`krozbi; 'krozbi/ Bing /bin; bin/ (1904-1977) a US
singer and film actor who was famous as a CROONER (=someone
who sings in a soft gentle voice), and who appeared in many
humorous films with Bob HOPE. He is best known for the song
White Christmas from the film Holiday Inn (1942). 宾·克罗
斯比〔(1904-1977)，美国歌手和电影演员，以低声哼唱歌曲出名
曾与鲍勃·霍普一起演出过许多喜剧影片。最有名的歌曲是影片
《假日旅店》(1942)中的插曲《白色的圣诞节》)
cro-sier, crozier /kro3; 'kreu3e/ n a long stick with a deco-
rative curved end, carried by a BISHOP 主教的权杖
cross'/kros: krps/ n 1 a mark (x or +) often used a as a sign of
where something is or should be 表示某处有或应有某物的交叉
号<如x, 或+>b as a sign that something is incorrect〔表示错误
的)叉号 c as the signature of a person who cannot write 〔不会
写字的人代替签字的)十字押 2 an upright post with a bar cross-
ing it near the top, on which people were tied or nailed and left
to die as a punishment in ancient times 〔古代用以处死人的〕十
字架：Christ's death on the cross耶稣钉死在十字架上 3(often
cap. 一般用大写) this shape as the sign of the Christian faith
(because Christians believe that Jesus christ was killed on a
cross)象征基督教信仰的十字（形）〔因为基督徒认为耶稣基督是
被钉死在十字架上的)：Jesus hanging on the Cross 被钉在十
字架上的基督 | medieval wars between Cross and Crescent
(=the Christian and Muslim religions)基督教与伊斯兰教之中
世纪战争 — see also 另见 CROSS2 (6) 4 any object, structure
or picture in this shape, used for decoration or worn as a sign
of the Christian faith十字形饰物；用以代表基督教信仰的标记
She wore a small gold cross on a chain, 她戴了一条坠有小黄
金十字架的项链。| a wooden cross on his grave 他墓地上的木
制十字架 — see also 另见 CRUCIFIX, MALTESE CROSS 5 a deco
ration of this shape worn as an honour (a MEDAL), especially
for military bravery 十字勋章：He won the George Cross dur
ing the war. 战争期间他获得了乔治十字勋章。6 [(between)] a
mixture of two different things or qualities 混合物：The taste
is a cross between coffee and chocolate. 这味道是咖啡和巧克
力的混合味。 — see also 另见 CROSS2 (4) 7 a cause of sorrow or
suffering which tests your patience or goodness 苦难，磨难：Ev·
eryonehas a cross to bear in life. 每个人的一生都免不了要忍
受苦难。 — see also 另见 RED CROSS, the sign of the cross
(SIGN1(9)
cross2v1 [I; T] to go, pass, or reach across (something)穿过
横过，渡过：The soldiers took three days to cross the desert
士兵们用了三天时间才穿过沙漠。| a railway ine that crosses
the country from coast to coast 一条横穿全国的从一个海岸到
另一个海岸的铁路线| Make sure there's no traffic before you
cross (the road). 在你穿行（马路）前要看清没有车辆才过。2 [I; 
T] to place, lie, or pass across each other 交叉，相交：I'll meet
you where the path crosses the main road, 我将在小路与大路
交叉的地方与你会面。| Jean crossed her arms. 琼交叉着双
臂。 — see also 另见 CROSSED 3 [I; T] to pass in opposite di
rections 和··错过：I got your letter the day after I sent mine
they must have crossed in the post. 我的信寄出后的第二天收
到了你的信，这两封信一定是在邮路上相互错过的。4[T(with)]
to cause (an animal or plant) to breed with one of another kind
使杂交，杂配：This flower has been produced by crossing sev
eral different varieties. 这种花是由几种不同的品种杂交而成的
 — see also 另见 CROSS' (6)， CROSSBREED 5 [T] (in Britain) to
draw two lines across (a cheque) to show that it must be paid
into a bank account 在〔支票〕上画线〔两条平行线表示支票只能
入银行账户〕 — compare 比较 OPEN' (10) 6 [T] to make a hand
movement down and across (yourself) as a religious act 〔宗教
仪式〕用手在自己身上画十字：She crossed herself as she left the
church. 她离开教堂时，在胸前画了个十字。7 [I; T](in football
HOCKEY etc) to kick or pass (the ball) across the field 〔足球、曲
棍球等〕横传 （球） 8 [T] to oppose the plans or wishes of 反对：
Anne hates being crossed, so don't argue with her. 安妮讨厌
别人跟她作对，所以别同她争论。 — see also另见 DOUBLE-CROSS
9 cross my heart (and hope to die) infml (used when making
a promise)【非正式】〔在胸前画十字)发誓：I didn't do it, cross
my heart! 我发誓，我没做那件事！ 10 cross your mind to come
into your thoughts〔想法〕掠过心头，想起：It didn't even cross
my mind that he would be upset. 我甚至没想到他会难过。 11 cross
someone's palm (with silver) to give money to someone, es-
pecially so that they will tell you what is going to happen to
you in the future 付钱请人算命 12 cross swords with
or openly disagree with 与··争论：This isn't the first time he
has crossed swords with the party leader. 他和党的领袖争论
已经不是第一次了。13cross the Rubicon to make a decision
or take an action that cannot later be changed (from the actior
taken by Julius Caesar in crossing the River Rubicon into Italy
in 49 BC, against the orders of the Roman Senate)破釜沉舟. 
作出[采取]无可反悔的决定[行动]〔源自尤利乌斯·凯撒于公元
前49年所采取的行动，即不顾罗马元老院的命令而横渡鲁比孔河
进入意大利)14not to cross your bridges before you come/
get to them not to waste time thinking about difficulties which
may never happen 不要杞人忧天 — see also 另见 dot the i's
and cross the t's (DOT2), keep your fingers crossed (FINGER
(8)
cross sbdy. /sthg. off (sthg. ) phr v [T] to remove (from) by
drawing a line through 删掉：If you can't come, cross your
name off(the list). 你如果不能来，请把你的名字（从名单上）勾
掉。
cross sthg. out phr v [T] to draw a line through (writing)
划掉：Cross that out and write it again. 划掉它，再写一次。
cross over phr v [I (to)] 1 BrE euph to die【英，婉】死，死亡
2 AmE (of an entertainer) to find success in a field other than
the one that you have established your fame in【美】〔艺员〕成
功地转型：She crossed over (to the pop charts) with her latest
hit single, 她以一张最新的流行单曲唱片成功地转型(在排行榜
上走红)。— see also 另见 CROSSOVER
cross3adj [(with)] angry; bad-tempered 脾气坏的，生气的：Dad
was really cross with me when I broke the window. 我打破玻
璃窗，爸爸真的生我的气了。 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
cross- — see 参 WORD FORMATION
cross. bar /`kros bar; 'krosba:/ n 1 a bar joining two upright
posts, especially two GOALPOSTs 〔尤指球门的〕横木：They've
hit the crossbar (=nearly got a GOAL) several times. 他们好几
次差一点攻破对方球门。2 the bar between the seat and the
HANDLEBARS on a bicycle〔自行车的〕横梁
cross-bench·es /kros, bentfez; 'kros, bentfz/ n [P] seats in both
houses of the British parliament for members who do not be
、
long to the official government or opposition parties 英国中立
议员席〔议会两院中不属于执政党或反对党的议员席位〕- -er n
cross·bones n — see 参见 SKULL AND CROSSBONES
cross. bow /kros bo; 'krosbeu/ n a powerful weapon combin
ing a BOW3 and a gun, used especially in former times 〔昔日
的)石弓，弩：to fire a crossbow bolt 射出弩箭
cross-breed'/kros brid; 'krosbri:d/ v [I; T] a to cause (an ani-
mal or plant) to breed with one of another breed 使杂交 b (o
an animal or plant) to breed with one of another breed〔动植物
的)异种交配，杂交 — compare 比较 INTERBREED - -bred /-brad; 
-bred/ adj: crossbred sheep 杂交绵羊
crossbreed2n an animal or plant which is a mixture of breeds
〔动植物的〕杂种，杂交品种 — compare 比较INTERBREED
cross-Chan. nel / '/ adj passing across the English CHAN-
NEL 横渡英吉利海峡的：Heavy storms caused difficulties for
cross-channel traffic. 猛烈的暴风雨给英吉利海峡上的交通带来
困难。| a cross-Channel ferry 英吉利海峡渡船
cross. check /`kros tfek; kros'tfek/ v [T] to make certain of
the correctness of (a calculation, statement etc), e. g. by using
a different method of calculation〔以不同的方法)核对〔计算结
果等)；核查 - crosscheck n
cross-coun. try/. . / adj, adv across the fields or open coun-
try 越野（的）：cross-country skiing/running 越野滑雪[赛跑]
cross-country2n [C; U] a race run not on a track but across
open country and fields 越野赛跑
cross-cul-tu. ral /'·. / adj belonging to or involving diffe-
rent CULTURES or comparison between them 跨文化的；涉及
多种文化的：cross-cultural event/studies 跨文化的活动| 研
究]
cross. cur·rent /kros keent; 'krps kvrent/ n a current in the
sea, a river etc moving across the general direction of the main
current 交叉水流〔流向与主流交叉的水流〕；逆流
cross-dress·ing /'·/ n [U] the practice of wearing the clothes
of the opposite sex, especially for sexual pleasure 好穿异性服
装--ern
crossed /krost; krost/ adj (of a telephone line) connected by
mistake to two or more telephones〔电话线〕串线的
crossed cheque // n BrE (in Britain) a cheque which has
two lines across it, showing that it must be paid into a bank
account【英】〔英国的〕画线支票〔划有两道横线，表明支票只能入
银行账户〕
cross-ex·am·ine / ·'·/ also 又作 cross-question -- ν[T] to
question (especially a witness) very closely, usually in order
to argue
to compare the answers with other answers given before盘问
〔证人)，连续追问 - -ination /，· ·'·/[C; U] - -iner /，· ·`·/ n
0411
cross-eyed /'/ adj having the eyes looking in towards the
nose 内斜视的；斗鸡眼的，内斜眼的
cross-fer·ti·lize also 又作 -lise BrE【英】/，· `·/ν[T] 1 to FER-
TILIZE by adding male sex cells from one plant to female sex
cells from another 使异花[异体]受精 2 [often pass. 常用被动
语态] to influence with ideas from different areas〔与不同地区
的思想接触〕（使）进行交流而相互得益，（使）相互影响：Europe
has been cross-fertilized by contact with many other societies. 
欧洲由于与其他许多社会接触而受到影响。- -lization /，···/
n[U]
cross-fire /kros fair; 'krosfaie/n [U] one or more lines of gun-
fire firing across a particular point 交叉火力：When the terror
ists fought the police, several onlookers were caught in the
crossfire, 恐怖分子袭击警察时，双方的交叉火力波及几个旁观
者
cross-grained /， '/ adj 1 (of wood) having the GRAIN (4)
running across rather than along it 〔木材)纹理交错的 2 infml
difficult to please; ARGUMENTATIVE【非正式】执拗的，难以相处
多
cross-hatch-ing /'·/ n [U] lines drawn across part of a pic
ture to show that something is made of different material or to
produce the effect of shade 交叉影线
cross·ing /`krosin: 'krpsin/ n 1 a place at which a road, river
border etc can be crossed〔道路、河流等的〕（人行）横道；渡口
 — see also 另见 LEVEL CROSSING, PEDESTRIAN CROSSING 2 a
blace where two lines, tracks etc cross 交叉点：交叉口：交汇处
3 a journey across the sea 横渡海洋的旅程，跨海旅程：Did you
have a rough crossing?你渡海时风浪大吗？
cross-legged / kros `legid; kros 'legd/ adj, adv having the
knees wide apart and ankles crossed 盘腿而坐的（地）：两腿交
叉的（地） ：He was sitting cross-legged on the floor. 他盘腿坐
在地上
cross. o·ver /`krosove: 'krpseuve'/ n AmE an act or occasior
of an entertainer who is popular in one field finding successes
in another【美】〔艺员的〕成功转型； a crossover from television
to movies 从电视到电影的成功转型| a crossover hit/artist 转
型的成功之作[成功转型的艺人] — see also 另见 CROSS over
(2)
crossover pri-ma-ry /'··/ n AmE an OPEN PRIMARY【美】开
放式预选
cross. patch /'kros, paetf; 'krospaetf/ n humor slang a bad-
tempered person【幽，俚】脾气暴躁的人
cross-piece /`kros pis; 'krospi:s/ n a piece of anything lying
across something else 横放物，横档
cross. ply /`kros, plai; 'krosplai/ adj (of a motor tyre) made
stronger by cords pulled tightly across each other inside the
rubber〔汽车轮胎〕有交叉帘布层的 — compare 比较 RADIAL2 -
cross-ply n
cross-pur-pos. es /. '. /n at cross-purposes (of two people)
misunderstanding each other; actually talking about differen
things, but believing they are talking about the same thing〔指
两个人)互相误解；相互矛盾：It was several minutes before we
realized we were talking at cross-purposes. 过了好几分钟，我
们才意识到我们说的是两回事，彼此误会了
cross-ques·tion / '·/ ν [T] to CROSS-EXAMINE 盘问 — ~er n
cross-re·fer /，·'/ ν[I; T (from, to)] to direct (the reader)
from one place in a book to another place in the same book〔在
同一本书中)（互相）参照；互见：In this dictionary, capital let
ters are used to cross-refer (you) from one word to another
在本辞典中，大写字体的词表示这一词与另一词互相参照。
cross-ref-erence /，'·/ n a note directing the reader from one
place in a book to another place in the same book参照（注释）：
互见：In this dictionary, cross-references are shown in capi-
tal letters. 本辞典中相互参照的词是以大写字体表示的。
cross-roads /`kros rodz; 'krosreudz/ n crossroads 1 a place
where two or more roads cross 十字路口 2 a point at which ar
important decision must be taken 重大抉择的关头； It was a
crossroads in my life. 它是我人生中的转折点。| a crossroads
decision一项紧要关头时作出的决定
cross-sec-tion /'·/ n 1 (a drawing of) a surface made by
cutting across something at right angles to its length 横切面
(图)：横断面（图） ：a cross-section of a wormlof a plant stem
昆虫[植物茎]的横剖面 2 a part or group that is typical or rep-
resentative of the whole 典型，具有代表性的实例：The research
ers interviewed a cross-section of the American public. 研究
人员访问了美国公众中有代表性的一群人。
cross-stitch /' / n [C; U] (decorative sewing which uses) a
stitch like an X made by crossing one stitch over another十字
缝：十字形针法
cross street /' / n AmE a street that crosses another street. 
This word is used especially when giving directions. 【美】〔与
另一条街〕相交的街道〔尤在指路时使用)：I live on Vanowen
Boulevard, and the nearest cross streets are Lindley and
Etiwanda. 我住在凡诺文大道，与之相交的最近的街道是林德利
街和埃蒂旺达街
cross talk /'/ n [U] 1 BrE rapid exchange of clever remarks. 
especially between two actors【英】〔尤指两个演员的〕斗嘴，相
声2 interruption of a radio or telephone conversation by un-
wanted signals from elsewhere〔无线电的〕信号干扰；〔电话的〕
串线
cross-tree /kros tri: 'krps-tri:/n tech either of two beams fas-
tened across the top of a ship's MAST【术语】桅顶横桁
cross·walk /`kros, wok; 'kroswo:k/ n AmE for【美】= PEDESTRIAN
CROSSING
cross·wind /`kros, wind; 'kros, wind/ n a wind blowing across
the line of flight of a plane, direction of movement of traffic
etc 侧风
cross·wise /kros waiz: 'krps waiz/ adi. ady crossing some-
thing or each other 交叉的 [地]：logs laid crosswise on the
floor 交叉放在地板上的圆木
cross·word /'kros, w3d; 'kros, w3:d/ also 又作 crossword puz·zle
/'··/ - n a printed game in which words are fitted into a
pattern of numbered squares in answer to numbered CLUES
(=questions or information about the necessary word) in such
a way that words can be read across as well as down when the
pattern is completed 纵横填字谜：He does the Times cross-
word before breakfast. 早餐前他做《泰晤士报》上的纵横填字谜
游戏。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Crosswords are very
popular in the US and the UK and appear in many diffe-
rent newspapers and magazines. Some crosswords are
known for being very difficult, e. g. The Times crossword
in the UK, and The New York Times crossword in the US. 
People who can finish these crosswords quickly are often
considered to be very clever. 纵横填字谜游戏在美国和英
国都非常流行，并刊登在许多报刊杂志上。有些纵横填字谜以
高难度著称，如英国《泰晤士报》和美国《纽约时报》上的纵横
填字谜。能迅速填完这些纵横字谜的人常常被认为很聪明。
crotch /kratf; krotf/ n 1 also 又作 crutch - a the place be. 
tween the tops of the legs of the human body 胯部〔人体两腿分
叉处) b the place where the legs of a pair of trousers etc join裤
裆：These jeans are too tight in the crotch. 这些牛仔裤的裤裆
太紧。2 the place where a branch separates from a tree 丫杈
crotch·et /`kratfit; 'krot[t/ BrE【英】‖ quarter note AmE
【美】- n a musical note with a time value a quarter as long as
a SEMIBREVE 四分音符
crotch·et·y/`kratfeti; 'krotfti/ adj infml (especially of some
one old) bad-tempered; liking to argue and complain【非正式】
〔尤指老人〕脾气坏的，爱争论的，爱发牢骚的
crouch /krautf; krautf/ v [I (DOWN)] to lower the body closer to
the ground by bending the knees 蹲下，蹲伏：He crouched down
to stroke the dog. 他蹲下身来抚摸狗。| The cat crouched, 
ready to spring at the bird. 猫蹲伏着伺机向小鸟扑去。-- com-
pare 比较 SQUAT1(1)
croup'/krup; kru:p/ n [U] med a disease of the throat, espe-
cially in children, that makes breathing difficult and causes
coughing【医】哮吼，格鲁布〔主要发生于儿童的一种喉部疾病〕
croup2n the fleshy part above the back legs of certain animals, 
especially the horse〔四脚动物，尤指马的〕臀部
crou. pi. er /`krupie; 'kru:pie/ n a person employed to collect
and pay out money at a place where games are played for
money, e. g. a CASINO〔赌场上的〕赌资收付人
crou·ton /kru`tan; 'kru:ton/ n [usually pl. 常用复数] a small
square of bread cooked in fat and served in soup 油炸面包丁
〔浸在汤里吃〕
crow1/kro; kreu/ n 1 a large shiny black bird with a loud cry
鸦 2 as the 'crow flies in a straight line 笔直地，成直线地：We're
two kilometres from town as the crow flies, but nearly five by
road. 我们离市镇的直线距离是2公里, 但要从公路走, 则将近5
公里。- — see also 另见 CROW'S FOOT, CROW'S NEST, eat crow
(EAT(5)
crow2v [I] 1 to make the loud high cry of a cock 〔雄鸡〕啼叫：It
was dawn, and I could hear a cock crowing somewhere. 天亮
了，我听到从某处传来的雄鸡的啼叫声。2[(about, over)]infml
derog to express pride openly, especially when taking plea. 
sure from someone else's misfortune【非正式，贬】扬扬得意；幸
灾乐祸：They were crowing over their defeated opponents, little
knowing that it would be their turn to lose next time. 对手被他们
0412
打败了，他们扬扬得意，殊不知下回就轮到他们输了。3(especially
of a baby) to make wordless sounds of happiness〔尤指婴儿
欢叫
crow3n [S] 1 the loud high cry of a cock 鸡啼声：He gave a
triumphant crow. 他发出胜利的欢呼。 — see also 另见 COCK
A-DOODLE-DOO 2 a wordless sound of happiness as made by
babies〔婴儿的〕欢叫声
Crow'n 1 the Crow [P] a Native American tribe that now lives
in southern Montana 克劳族〔目前居住在蒙大拿州南部的美洲土
著)2 [C] a member of this tribe 克劳人 — see Cultural Note at
参见 NATIVE AMERICAN 文化注释 - Crow adj: a Crow chief
克劳族酋长
Crow2, Jim — see 参见 JIM CROW
crow. bar /kro bar; 'kreuba:/ n an iron bar used to raise heavy
objects off the ground, to force open a box etc 铁撬棍
crowd'/kraud: kraud/ n 1 [C+sing, /pl. y] a large number of
people gathered together 人群：A big crowd soon gathered at
the scene of the accident. 事故的现场很快围了一大群人。
There were crowds of people at the theatre. 剧院里聚着一群
一群的人。| a football crowd 观看足球赛的人群 2 [C] infml a
particular social group【非正式】特定的社会人群，阶层：I don't
spend much time with the college crowd. 我同大学生在一起的
时间不多。3 [C] a large number of things in disorder 杂乱的一
大堆东西； a crowd of books and papers on his desk 他书桌上
的一大堆书和报纸 4 [the] people in general, especially when
thought of as easily influenced or lacking original ideas 百姓
群众〔尤指无主见的人)：I do what I like; I don't go with/fol-
low the crowd. 我按照自己的意愿行事，我不随大流。 — see also
另见 two's company, three's a crowd (COMPANY)
crowd2v1 [I+adv/prep] (especially of people) to come together
in large numbers 群集，聚集；拥挤：People crowded round the
scene of the accident. 人们挤在事故现场的四周。| They all
crowdea into the cinema. 他们全都挤进了电影院。2 [T]
(especially of people) to fill 装满，塞满；（尤指人）挤满：Shop-
pers crowded the streets. 街上挤满了购物的人。| The beach
was crowded with holidaymakers. 海滩上挤满了度假的人。 3 [T+
obj+adv/prep] to press tightly into a small space 把··挤进〔某
处)：He crowded his large family into the taxi. 他把他那一大
家人塞进了出租车里。4 [T] infml to push or put pressure on in
a threatening way【非正式】挤，逼迫：Don't crowd her -- give
her some space! 别挤她 -— 给她点地方！ | They're crowding
me with their unreasonable demands. 他们正逼我答应他们不
合理的要求。
crowd sbdy. /sthg. out phr v to keep out because of lack of
space 把··挤出，排挤：The big firms are trying to crowd our
small business out of the market. 大商行正在设法把我们这些
小商家挤出市场
crowd·ed /kraudid; 'kraudd/ adj 1 completely full; filled with
a crowd 拥挤的，挤满人的：a very crowded bus/street 挤满人
的公共汽车[大街] 2 uncomfortably close together 人挨得太近
的，挤在一起的：We'll be a bit crowded in that tiny room. 我
们在那间小房间里会比较拥挤。 — ~ness n[U]
crowd·ed out /，· '/ adj [F] infml, especially BrE very full:
PACKED-OUT【非正式，尤英】挤得满满的：The cinema was
crowded out. 那家电影院爆满了。
crowd surf·ing /'. ·/ n [U] the action of moving across the
top of a large crowd by lying flat and letting people pass you
along above their heads. Crowd surfing is typically done at
large loud music concerts. 人群冲浪〔身体平躺着被人举过头顶
横穿人群的动作，一般出现在吵闹的大型音乐会上〕
crown'/kraun; kraun/ n 1 [C] a decorative covering for the
head, usually made of gold and jewels, worn by a king or queen
as a sign of royal power 王冠，冕 2 [C] a an object in this
shape 王冠状物 b a representation of this shape 王冠标志：a
printed crown on an official envelope公文信封上的王冠印记
c a piece of metal in this shape for wearing, e. g. on a uniform, 
as a mark of office, rank etc〔象征官职、级别等的〕冠状徽章 d a
sign in this shape used with numbers, usually from one to five. 
in a system to judge standards or quality〔标准或质量评判体系
中使用的〕花冠〔通常与数字1至5连用)：The English Tourist
Board gives this hotel three crowns. 英国旅游委员会授予这家
酒店3顶花冠。3 [the (usually cap. 一般用大写)] the govern-
ing power of a kingdom 王权：land belonging to the Crown 君
主的领地 4 [the] a the position of king or queen 国王[女王]的
地位：rival claimants to the crown 王位的争夺者 b a CHAMPI
ONSHIP title 冠军称号：He won the heavyweight boxing crown
in 1985. 他获得了1985年重量级拳击比赛的冠军。5 [C] the
top or highest part of something, e. g. of the head, a hat, or a
mountain 〔头、帽、山峰等的〕顶部：the crown of a hill 山顶 6
[C] a an old British coin worth 25 pence 英国旧制的25便士硬
币 b any of several units of money in certain European coun-
tries 克朗〔欧洲某些国家的货币单位)：Swedish/Danish crowns
瑞典[丹麦]克朗 — see also 另见 HALF A CROWN 7 [C](an
artificial covering for) the part of a tooth above the GUM 齿冠：
假齿冠
crown2v [T] 1 to place a crown solemnly on the head of (a
person) as a sign of royal power or of victory 为··加冕[加冠]，
立··为王[女王]：to crown a beauty queen 为（选美比赛的）美
女皇后加冕 | [+obj+n] They crowned him king of Portugal. 
他们立他为葡萄牙国王。 — see also 另见 CORONATION 2 to
cover the top of (something)给··加顶，覆盖··的顶端：Mist
crowned the mountain. 雾霭笼罩山顶。3 to complete in a way
that is suitable or deserved 圆满地完成：Success has crowned
her years of effort. 她多年的努力获得了成功。4 to put a pro-
tective covering on (a tooth)为〔牙齿)镶假齿冠 5 slang to hit
(someone) on the head【俚】打〔某人的)头部； Be quiet or I'll
crown you! 安静些！要不然我揍你！ 6 to crown it all to make
。
(your)good or bad fortune complete更使人高兴的是；更糟糕
的是：My house burnt down, my car was stolen, and to crown
it all I lost my job. 我的房子烧了，小汽车被偷了，更糟糕的是，
我失业了。 — see also 另见 CROWNING
crown col·o·ny /， '··/ n (often caps. 常用大写) a British
COLONY ruled by a governor appointed by the British
government〔由英国政府任命总督统治的〕英国直辖殖民地
Crown Court /，'/ n [C; U] a court of law in England and
Wales which deals with serious criminal cases 英国刑事法院
 — compare 比较 MAGISTRATES'COURT and see Feature on
page B21并见B21页文化特写
Crown Der. by /， '·/ n [U] a type of fine PORCELAIN made in
the city of Derby, England in the 18th and 19th centuries 有王
冠标记的德比瓷器〔18和19世纪产于英格兰德比市的一种精致瓷
器〕
Crowne Plaza /kraun `plaze; , kraun 'pla:ze/ a company that
has hotels in the US, UK, and other countries 皇冠假日酒店集
团
crowned head /，· '·/ n a king or queen 国王；王后；女王：All
the crowned heads of Europe were at the funeral. 欧洲所有的
国王和女王都出席了葬礼。
crown-ing /kraunin; 'kraunin/ adj of more importance or value
than anything else; above all other things 至高无上的；最高的：
Her crowning ambition was to become a famous writer. 她最
大的志愿是要成为名作家。| the President's crowning achieve-
ment总统的最大成就
crown jew·els /'·/ n [P] (often caps. 常用大写) the crowns. 
swords, jewels etc worn by a king or queen on important state
occasions 国王或王后在重大国事活动中佩戴的王冠、宝剑、珠宝
等，御宝
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The British Crown Jew-
els can be seen in a special room in the TOWER OF LONDON
The phrase 'crown jewels'is sometimes used to mean
something that is so valuable that you cannot give it a price. 
在伦敦塔的一间专用房间内人们可以看到英国的王室御宝。短
语“crown jewels”(御宝)有时用来指无价之宝
crown of thorns /，· · '·/ n (sometimes caps. C and T有时C和
T大写) a crown of small sharp pointed THORNS which, accord-
ing to the Bible, was placed on Jesus Christ's head when he
was crucified(CRUCIFY)〔根据《圣经》记载，耶稣钉死在十字架上
时被戴上的〕用荆棘编成的冠冕
crown prince /，/ n (often caps. 常用大写) the man who has
the legal right to be king after the death of the present ruler王
太子，王储：Crown Prince George 乔治王太子
crown prin·cess /·'·/ n (often caps. 常用大写) 1 the woman
who has the legal right to be ruling queen after the death of the
present ruler 有女王王位继承权的公主，女王储 2 the wife of a
crown prince王太子妃
Crown Pro-se-cu. tion Ser-vice, the /. . . / the CPS the
government organization in England and Wales which is re-
sponsible for bringing legal charges against criminals〔英格兰
和威尔士的)刑事检察院 — compare 比较 DISTRICT ATTORNEY
PROCURATOR FISCAL and see Feature on page B21并见B21页
文化特写
crow's foot /'· ·/ n crow's feet [usually pl. 一般用复数] a
WRINKLE at the corner of a person's eye, sometimes thought of
as a sign of age or lack of sleep〔眼角外的〕鱼尾纹〔有时被认为
是上了年纪或缺乏睡眠的迹象〕
crow's nest /'/ n a small shelter near the top of a ship's
MAST, from which a person can watch for danger, land etc桅
杆瞭望台
0413
cro-zier /`kro3e; 'kreu3e/n a CROSIER 主教的权
CRT / si ar `ti: si: a: 'ti:/ n abbrev. for 缩写= CATHODE RAY
TUBE
cru. cial /krufel; 'kru:fal/ adj 1 [(to, for)] of deciding impor-
tance 决定性的，紧要关头的：a crucial moment in the negotia-
tions 谈判的决定性时刻 | The success of this experiment is
crucial to the proiect as a whole, 这项试验的成功对整个计划
是至关重要的。2 slang excellent【俚】极棒的 — ~ly ady
cru. ci. ble /krusebl; 'kru:sabal/ n 1 a container in which metals
or other substances are heated to very high temperatures坩埚
2 especially lit a severe test【尤文】严峻的考验，熔炉； to pass
through the crucible of war 经过战争的严峻考验
Crucible, The a play by Arthur MILLER which describes how
innocent women were charged with being WITCHes and cru
elly punished by a court of law in SALEM, Massachusetts in
1692. This play was written in 1953 to show how similar the
Salem Witch Trials were to MCCARTHYISM. 《炼狱》〔阿瑟·米
勒所写的一部戏剧，讲述了无辜的女性如何被指控为女巫，并在
1692年马萨诸塞州的塞勒姆法庭上受到残酷迫害。该剧本创作于
1953年，显示出塞勒姆女巫审讯案与麦卡锡主义极其相似〕
cru. ci. fix /kruse, fiks; 'kru:sfiks/ n a CROSs'(4) with a figure
of Christ on it 有耶稣像的十字架
cru·ci·fix. ion /kruse`fikfen; kru:s'fikfan/n1 [C; U] (an ex
ample of) the act of crucifying 在十字架上钉死 2 [C] (often
cap. 常用大写) a picture or other representation of the Cruci-
fixion 耶稣受难像
Crucifixion, the the death of Jesus Christ by being nailed to a
cross and left to die. In pictures of the Crucifixion, Jesus is
shown with a CROWN OF THORNS on his head. 耶稣受难(在受
难像上，耶稣头戴一顶用荆棘编成的冠冕〕 — see also 另见 RES
URRECTION
cru·ci·form/`kruse, form; 'kru:sfo:m/ adj fml cross-shaped【正
式】十字形的
cru. ci. fy /'kruse fai; 'kru:sfai/ v [T] 1 to kill (someone) by nail-
ing or tying them to a CROSS1(2) and leaving them to die. Chris-
tians believe that Jesus Christ was crucified. 把〔某人〕钉 [捆]
死在十字架上〔基督徒认为耶稣基督是被钉死在十字架上的)2to
be very cruel and unpleasant to, especially publicly 〔尤指当
众)折磨，虐待，迫害：If they find out the truth about the boss
the staff will crucify him! 如果职工了解到他们上司的真面目，
他们定会当众撕下他的面皮！ — see also另见 CRUCIFIXION
crud /krad; krvd/ n [U] infml, especially AmE dirt, or an un
pleasant substance【非正式，尤美】污垢；令人厌恶的东西：I've
got crud under my fingernails from working in the garden. 
我在花园里干活，所以指甲缝里积了泥垢。| Did you clean out
that crud from behind the stove yet?炉子后面的油垢你清除了
没有？ — ~dy adj: Those jeans are really cruddy -- why don't
you wash them? 那条牛仔裤真脏 —— 你为什么不洗一下呢？
crude1/krud; kru:d/ adj1 in a raw or natural state; untreated天
然的；粗制的：crude oil 原油| crude rubber 生橡胶 2 lacking
grace, education, or sensitive feeling; VULGAR 粗鲁的，生硬
的，粗俗的，粗野的：crude jokes 粗俗的玩笑 | Don't be so
crude! 别这样粗野！ 3 not skilfully made or properly finished
粗糙的；未加修饰的；简陋的：a crude shelter in the forest 森林
中简陋的栖身之处 | The painting was a crude forgery. 这幅
画是一件拙劣的赝品。| a crude (=not very exact) estimate of
the cost 对费用的粗略计算 — ~ly adv
crude2also 又作 crude oil / / — n
1000 barrels of crude 1000桶原油
cru·di·tes /`krudete; 'kru:dtei/n [P] pieces of raw vegetables
served before a meal, often with a DIP2(3)〔饭前吃的)生拌凉菜
cru·di·ty /krudetr; 'kru:dti/n 1 [U] also 又作 crude·ness /krudnis; 
'kru:dn3s/ - the quality of being crude 未成熟状态，粗糙：the
crudity of their building methods 他们建房方法的粗陋 2 [C
fml a crude act, remark etc【正式】粗鲁的举止[言语]
*cru. el /`kruel; 'kru:el/ adj 1 [(to)] liking to cause pain and
suffering; enjoying the pain of others; very unkind 残忍的，残
酷的；残暴的：a cruel and sadistic murderer 残忍而有虐待狂
的谋杀犯| Don't be cruel to animals, Sammy. 萨米，对动物不
要残忍。|cruel remarks 刻薄的话 2 painful; causing suffer-
ig令人痛苦的, 引起痛苦的: a cruel disappointmen/wind大
失所望；无情的风 | The death of their daughter was a cruel
blow. 女儿的死对他们是无情的打击。 3 be cruel to be kind to
do something now that seems to be cruel to someone in order
to help them in a more general way 现在使人吃点苦是为今后使
人受益 — ~ly adv
Cru. el-la de Vil /kru le de`vil; kru ele de 'vil/ a cruel and evil
woman in the children's book and DISNEY films ONE HUNDRED
AND ONE DALMATIANS. She wears a fur coat, and she pretends
to be friendly in order to get the spotted fur of the DALMATIAN
dogs in order to make a coat from it. 库伊拉〔儿童读物及迪期
尼影片《101忠狗》中的恶妇人，她穿着裘皮大衣，装出一副友好的
样子，目的是想得到大麦町犬狗身上带斑点的皮毛做衣服〕
*cru. el. ty /kruelti; 'kru:elti/ n 1 [U] the quality of being cruel
残忍，残酷：cruelty to animals 对动物的残忍 2 [C] a cruel act
remark etc 残忍的行为 [话语]：the cruelties of war 战争的残酷
cruelty-free /. . '/ adj (of COSMETICS) that have not been
tested on animals 〔化妆品)未经动物试验的：our wide range of
cruelty-free products 我们生产的各种各样未经动物试验的化妆
品
cru. et /`kruit: 'kru:t/ n 1 (a holder for) a set of containers for
pepper, salt, oil etc, for use at meals 餐桌上的一套调味品小瓶
放调味品小瓶的小架 2 any one of these containers, especially
a small glass bottle for oil or VINEGAR 餐桌上的调味品小瓶
Cruft's /krAfts; krvfts/ a famous British competition for dogs, 
officially called Cruft's Dog Show, which is held every year
in London. Judges at the show decide which is the best animal
in the country for each type of dog (the 'best of breed'), and
they also decide which is the best dog of all, which gets the
title ‘Cruft's supreme champion'. 克拉夫特狗展〔英国著名的赛
狗会，正式名称为“Cruft's Dog Show”, 每年在伦敦举行。展会
裁判按品种评出“最佳种狗”，还在所有的参赛狗中评出一名“克拉
夫特超级冠军”〕
cruise /kruz; kru:z/ v1 [I] to sail in an unhurried way, espe-
cially for pleasure 〔尤指为了娱乐〕乘船巡游：to go cruising in
the Mediterranean 在地中海上巡游 — see also 另见 CRUISE
2 [I](of a car, plane etc) to move at a fast but steady speed on
a long journey〔飞机〕巡航，〔汽车〕以快而平稳的速度长距离行驶：
cruising along at 100 kilometres an hour 平稳地以每小时100
公里的速度行驶 3[I; T] slang to look in (public places) for a
sexual partner, especially one of the same sex【俚】〔在公共场
所〕寻觅〔尤指同性的性伴侣
cruise2n a sea voyage for pleasure, especially one on a large
ship and lasting for several days or weeks. This type of holi-
day is usually expensive and many people think that only rich
people go on cruises. 〔尤指乘坐大型船只、长达数天或数周的〕
乘船游览〔这种度假形式一般较昂贵，许多人认为只有富人才这样
做) ：They went on a cruise to Tenerife. 他们乘游船去特内里
费岛
Cruise, Tom (1962- ) a US film actor, known for being very
good-looking, whose films include Top Gun (1986)， Born on
the Fourth of July (1989)， and Jerry Maguire(1997)汤姆·克
鲁斯〔(1962-)，美国电影演员，以外表英俊闻名，演过的影片包
括《壮志凌云》(1986)、《生于七月四日》(1989)和《甜心先生》
(1997)〕
cruise con. trol /'/ n tech an apparatus fitted to a motor
vehicle, especially a car, which keeps it running at a steady
speed which can be chosen by the driver【术语】〔尤指汽车〕恒
定速度控制装置
cruise lin. er /'. /n a large ship specially built for cruises 游览
班轮
cruise mis. sile /. / n a large explosive weapon that flies
close to the ground and can be aimed at an exact point hun-
dreds of kilometres away 巡航导弹 — see also 另见 GREENHAM
COMMON
cruis·er /`kruze: 'kru:ze/ n 1 a large fast warship 巡洋舰 2 a
CABIN CRUISER 〔有生活及娱乐设备的〕游艇 3 AmE a police car
[U] untreated oil 原油
【美】警察巡逻车
crul-ler /`krale; 'krvle/ n AmE a light ring-shaped cake
(DOUGHNUT) made from two twisted pieces joined together【美】
炸扭绞〔一种似麻花的面食)：Half a dozen crullers, please. 请
来六个炸扭绞。
crumb /kram: krvm/ n 1 a very small piece of dry food, espe. 
cially bread or cake 食品屑，面包[糕饼]屑：Brush the crumbs
off the table. 把桌上的糕饼屑擦掉。| (fig. 喻) crumbs of in-
formationlof comfort 点滴的消息；少许的安慰 2 AmE slang a
worthless person【美俚】无价值的人，没用的人 — see also另见
CRUMBS
crum. ble' /`krvmb]; 'krvmbal/ v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) break
into very small pieces 把·弄碎，（使） 碎成细屑：He crumbled
the bread in his fingers. 他用手指把面包捻碎。2 [I] to weaken; 
decay; become ruined 衰落，崩溃，瓦解，破灭：a crumbling
church 倾颓的教堂 | Our hopes crumbled when the business
went bankrupt. 商行破产了，我们的希望也破灭了。| Opposi
tion to the new law soon crumbled. 反对新法律的势力很快就
瓦解了。
crumble2n especially BrE【尤英】‖crisp AmE【美】- [C; U]
(a cooked dish of sweetened fruit covered with) a dry mixture
of flour, fat, and sugar 酥皮水果甜点心：apple crumble 酥皮苹
果甜点心
0414
crum-bly /krambli; 'krambli/ adjeasily crumbled 易碎的：crum-
bly biscuits 易碎的饼干
crumbs /kramz; krvmz/ interj BrE slang (an expression of sur-
prise or slight annoyance)This is a rather old-fashioned ex-
pression which you might find in stories about schoolchildren. 
【英俚】喔哟！哎呀！〔表示惊讶或有些厌烦，这种表达法已过时，也
许可以在有关学童的故事中找到)
crum. my /`krami; 'krami/ adj slang【俚】1 of poor quality; 
worthless 劣质的，无价值的：a crummy book 一本写得很糟糕
的书|What a crummy idea! 一个多么差劲的主意！ 2 rather ill
身体不太舒服的：He felt pretty crummy. 他觉得身体不很舒服。
crum. pet /krvmpit; 'krvmpt/ n 1 [C] (especially in Britain) a
small round breadlike cake with holes in one side, eaten hot
with butter 小圆烤饼 — compare 比较 MUFFIN 2 [U] BrE slang
women considered as sexual objects (considered extremely
offensive to women)【英俚】骚货〔对妇女的蔑称)：She's a nice
bit of crumpet!她真是个骚货！
crum. ple /`krvmpl; 'krvmpal/ v1 [I; T (UP)] to (cause to)be-
come full of irregular folds by pressing, crushing etc(使)皱；
扭曲：a crumpled dress/suit/newspaper 弄皱了的衣服[套服；
报纸] | The front of the car crumpled when it hit the wall. 汽
车前端撞在墙上变形了。| (fig. 喻) His face crumpled and he
started to cry. 他眉毛鼻子一皱就哭了起来。2 [I (UP)] infml to
lose the strength or will to fight【非正式】崩溃，垮掉：The en-
emy forces crumpled under the bombardment. 敌军在我军炮
击下崩溃了。
crumple zone /'. / n tech a part of the body of a motor ve-
hicle which crumples more easily than the rest of the vehicle if
hit in an accident, and so protects the people in the vehicle by
absorbing(ABSORB)the IMPACT【术语】〔汽车的〕防撞压损区〔受
意外撞击时比车辆的其他部分更易变形的区域，通过吸收撞击力保
护车内乘客的安全
crunch1/krantf; krantf/ v 1 [I (on); T] to crush (food) noisily
with the teeth 嘎吱嘎吱地咀嚼：The dog was crunching (on) a
bone. 狗正嘎吱嘎吱地嚼骨头。2 [I] to make a noise like the
sound of something being crushed 嘎吱作响：Our feet crunched
on the frozen snow. 我们的脚嘎吱嘎吱地踩在冻雪上。| The
stones crunched under the car tyres. 石块被汽车轮胎压得嘎
吱嘎吱地响。 — see also 另见 NUMBER CRUNCHING — ~y adj
crunch2n 1 [S] a crunching sound 嘎吱的响声：I heard a loud
crunch as the truck ran into the wall. 卡车撞到墙上时，我听到
嘎吱一声巨响。2 [the] infml a difficult moment when some-
thing important must be decided【非正式】需要作出重要决策的
困难时刻：They're against our plan now but when/if it comes
to the crunch they'll support us. 他们现在反对我们的计划，但
一到紧要关头他们会支持我们的。
Crunch. ie /krvntfi; 'krantfi/ trademark a type of chocolate bar
made by CADBURY which has a sweet yellow inside that is hard
and CRISP【商标】“克伦奇”牌脆心巧克力条〔由吉百利公司制造〕
cru·sade1/kru`sed; kru:'seid/ n 1 (usually cap. 常用大写)any
of the eight wars led by Christian European Kings in the 11th, 
12th, and 13th centuries to get control of Palestine again from
the SARACENS or Muslims, since Christians believed that Pal-
estine was a holy land 〔历史上的)十字军运动 2 [(against, for)]
a united effort for the defence or advancement of an idea, prin-
ciple etc 改革[讨伐、肃清]运动：I think he's running a one-
man crusade against cigarette smoking. 我想他正在单枪匹马
地进行反吸烟运动。| a crusade for women's rights 维护女权
运动--sader n
crusade2 v [I (against, for)] to take part in a crusade 加入十字
军；从事改革[讨伐] 运动：to crusade against nuclear weapons
开展反对核武器的运动|a crusading young politician 正从事
某种改革运动的青年政治家 - -sader n
Cru·sades, The /kru`sedz; kru:'seidz/ eight wars led by Chris-
tian European kings in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to get
control of Palestine from the SARACENS or Muslims, since both
sides believed that Palestine was a holy land in their religion
十字军东征〔公元11、12和13世纪，信仰基督教的欧洲国王发动
的8次战争，目的是从萨拉森人即穆斯林手中夺取巴勒斯坦，因为
双方都认为巴勒斯坦是他们的宗教圣地〕
cruse /kruz; kru:z/ n bibl or old use a small pot or JAR for oil, 
wine etc【圣经或旧】罐，壶，坛
break, damage, or destroy the natural shape or condition压
碎，压坏，压扁；压榨：Don't crush the box, there are eggs inside!
别压这箱子，里面有鸡蛋！ | The tree fell on top of the car and
crushed it. 树倒下来压在车顶上，把汽车压坏了。2 [T] to break
into a powder by pressure 捣碎，弄碎，粉碎，碾碎，磨碎：This
machine crushes wheat grain to make flour. 这台机器把麦子
磨成面粉。3[I+adv/prep] to move in large numbers through
or into a small space 挤，塞，挤入：The people crushed through
the gates. 人们挤进了大门。4 [T] to destroy completely, espe-
cially by the use of great force 压垮，压倒，压服，镇压：The mili-
tary government has ruthlessly crushed all opposition. 军政
府无情地镇压了一切反对势力。| a crushing defeat 惨败|(fig. 
喻) He was crushed/His hopes were crushed by the chairman's
remark. 主席的一番话把他击垮了[使他的希望破灭了]。
crush2n 1 [S] uncomfortable pressure caused by a large crowd
of people filling a small space 拥挤：There was such a crush
on the train that I could hardly breathe. 火车上拥挤得我都透
不过气来。2[U] a drink made by crushing fruit and adding
water 水果汁：orange crush 鲜榨橙汁 — compare 比较 SQUASH2
(3)3 [C(on)] infml a strong but short-lived feeling of love for
someone, like that often experienced by a TEENAGER; an
INFATUATION【非正式】短暂的迷恋；热恋：Did you have a crush
on one of the teachers when you were at school?你上学时迷
恋过一位教师吗？
crush bar. ri. er /'. . /n a fence used to keep back crowds at
football matches, processions etc〔足球场等的)防挤栏杆-
compare 比较 CRASH BARRIER
Crusoe, Robinson — see 参见 ROBINSON CRUSOE
crust /krvst; krvst/ n [C; U] 1 (a piece of) the hard usually brown
outer surface of baked bread （一片）面包皮 2 the baked pastry
on a PIE 点心的油酥皮 3 a hard outer covering, as of earth or
snow 〔泥土、雪等〕硬的外层：a thin crust of ice on the aeroplane's
wing 机翼上的一层薄冰 — see also 另见 UPPER CRUST
crus. ta. cean /krv`stefen; krv'steifan/ n any of a group of ani-
mals with a hard outer shell that are closely related to the in-
sects 甲壳纲动物：Lobsters, crabs, and shrimps are crustaceans. 
龙虾、螃蟹和虾都是甲壳纲动物。- crustacean adj
crust. y /`krvsti; 'krvsti/ adj 1 having a hard well-baked crust 皮
脆的：a crusty loaf 脆皮面包 2 bad-tempered; SURLY 爱发脾气
的，暴躁的：a crusty old soldier 一个爱发脾气的老兵 --ily
adv --iness n [U]
crutch /krvtf; krvtf/ n 1 a stick with a piece that fits under the
arm, for supporting a person who has difficulty in walking拐
杖：When she broke her leg she had to walk on crutches. 她把
腿摔断了以后，不得不靠拐杖走路。2 something that provides sup-
port or help 支持物：Her religion was a crutch to her when John
died. 约翰死后，她在精神上依靠宗教信仰支撑自己。3CROTCH(1)
胯部；裤裆
crux /krvks; krvks/ n [the] the central or most important part of
a problem〔问题的〕中心，核心；症结：The crux of the matter is . 
问题的核心是··
Cruyff /`kroif; 'kroif/, Jo. han /jo`han; 'jeuhaen/(1947-)a
Dutch football player, considered one of the greatest players
ever, who played for the Dutch national team and for the Ajax
Amsterdam and Barcelona football teams. He later became a
successful manager, working for Ajax and then Barcelona. 克
鲁伊夫〔(1947-)，荷兰足球运动员，被视为有史以来最杰出的球
员之一，曾效力荷兰国家足球队、阿贾克斯运动足球队和巴塞罗那
足球队，之后成为一名成功的主教练，先为阿贾克斯运动队然后是
巴塞罗那队工作〕
1/krai; krai/ v1 [I; T] to produce (tears) from the eyes as a
sign of sorrow 哭，哭泣；流泪：She cried bitterly when she heard
the news of her friend's death. 她听到朋友的死讯时伤心地哭
了。| a sad love story that made me cry 引得我落泪的悲惨的
爱情故事 | The baby was crying for milk. (=because he was
hungry)孩子哭着要吃奶。| to cry oneself to sleep (=cry till
you fall asleep)一直哭到（最后）睡着了 | to cry tears of dis-
appointment 流下失望的泪水 — compare 比较 WEEP(1)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US and the UK, 
women are allowed by society to cry, but men do not cry
very much. It is acceptable for men to cry in particular
situations, e. g. when someone has died, but most men do
not feel comfortable crying at other times. A young boy
who cries is sometimes disapproved of, and called a
CRYBABY. 在美国和英国，社会允许妇女哭泣，但是男子通常
是不哭的。男子在特殊场合，如有人去世时，哭泣是可接受的，
但大多数男子在其他时候哭泣会感觉不自在。哭泣的小男孩
有时不讨人喜欢，被叫作CRYBABY(爱哭的孩子)。
2 [I (OUT)] to make loud sounds expressing fear, pain, surprise, 
or some other feeling〔因害怕、惊讶、痛苦等而)（大声）喊叫：He
cried out with pain when he burnt his fingers. 他灼伤了手指，
疼得叫了起来。3 [I(for); T (OUT)] to call loudly; shout 叫喊，
呼叫：She cried out for help. 她呼喊救命。|“Help!” he cried, 
as he fell into the water. 他掉进了水里，喊叫着“救命！”4 [I] to
make the natural sound of certain animals and birds鸟叫，鸟
0415
鸣，〔动物〕嗥叫，吠：Can you hear the seagulls crying?你能听
到海鸥在啼叫吗？5 [T] old use to make known publicly by
shouting【旧】大声报道，叫卖：to cry the news 叫喊报上的重要
新闻 6 cry for the moon BrE infml to demand something
impossible【英，非正式】空想，妄想，异想天开7 cry your eyes
neart out to cry very sadly and usually for a long time 哭得死
去活来：痛哭：When his dog died he cried his eves out. 他的狗
死了，他哭得死去活来。8 cry over spilt milk to waste time
being sorry about something which cannot now be changed作
无益的悔恨：It's no use crying over spilt milk-— we've got to
decide what to do next. 事已如此，难过有什么用，我们得决定
下一步该怎么做。9 cry wolf to call for help unnecessarily, risk-
ing the possibility that people will not believe that you need
help later when you really do(from AESOP's story of a boy
who was guarding sheep. He kept shouting 'Wolf!'even though
there was no wolf there, because he found his work boring, so
that when a WOLF really did come, no one believed him. )谎报
险情：发假警报〔源自一则讲述牧童的伊索寓言故事，他觉得看管
羊群的工作乏味，所以就是在没有狼的时候也不停地喊“狼来
了！”，因此当狼真正来的时候没有人相信他)：A spokesman for
the Theatre Campaign said: \"No longer can the government
say we are crying wolf. Cuts have gone so deep that we are
now reduced to shutting theatres for a time. ”戏剧运动的发言
人说，“政府再也不可以说我们这是在谎报险情了。财政如此大幅
度削减，我们只能将剧院关闭一阵子。”10 for crying out loud
slang (used to give strength to a demand, request etc用于强调
所提的要求等)【俚】哎呀！真是的！求求你！：For crying out loud
shut that door!嗨，把那扇门关上！
cry sthg. down phr y [T] BrE to express an unfavourable
opinion of【英】贬低〔某物〕
cry off phr v [I] BrE to say you will not fulfil a promise or
agreement【英】不实现承诺或合同等，取消〔前约等)：He tried to
cry off at the last moment, but we held him to his promise. 在
最后时刻他企图打退堂鼓，但是我们要他遵守诺言
cry out against sthg. phr v [T pass. rare 罕用被动语态] to
express loudly your strong disapproval of 大声反对；谴责； The
villagers cried out against the building of a motorway which
would cut right through the village. 村民强烈反对修筑穿越村
庄的高速公路
cry out for sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to be in great
need of; demand urgently 极其[迫切]需要：The country is cry
ing out for rain. 这个国家正迫切需要下雨
cry2n 1 [C (of)] any loud sound expressing fear, pain, or other
strong feeling〔因惊恐、痛苦等而发出的〕叫喊（声）：a cry of
anger/pain/fear/delight 愤怒[痛苦；恐惧：喜悦]的叫喊（声）
2 [C(for)] a loud call; shout 呼喊（声）；叫卖声：There was a
loud cry from the direction of the woodshed. 柴房那边传来一
声大喊。| a cry of“Stop, thief!” “站住，小偷！”的呼喊声 3 [S]
a period of crying 一阵哭 （泣） ：You'll feel better after you've
had a (good) cry. 你痛痛快快地哭一阵会觉得好受一些。4[C
the natural sound made by certain animals or birds〔鸟等动物
的)鸣叫：嗥叫：吠； the warning cry of a mother bird to her
chicks 母鸟对幼鸟发出的警告性鸣叫 5 [C] a call to action口
号：a battle cry(=to show or encourage bravery in a battle)冲
锋口号 | The demand for tax cuts is the party's favourite
rallying cry. (=used to encourage support)该党惯用的战斗口
号是要求减税。 — see also 另见 WAR CRY 6 in full cry BrE (of
a group of dogs) making loud noises as they hunt an animal
【英】〔一群猎犬)吠叫着追赶：(fig. 喻) At the meeting, the par
ents were in full cry, demanding further government spend-
ing on schools. 会上家长们大声疾呼，要求政府增拨教育经费
 — see also另见 HUE AND CRY, a far cry (FAR2)
Cry, the Be-lov-ed Coun. try /'. . . . . / a book by Alan Paton
about a black MINISTER (=Christian priest) and his family in
South Africa in the 1940s. It shows the lack of equality be-
tween black and white people, but encourages them not to hate
each other. 《哭吧，亲爱的祖国》〔艾伦·佩顿所著的小说，讲述20
世纪40年代南非一个黑人牧师与其家人的故事。小说表现了黑人
和白人之间缺乏平等，但却劝告双方不要相互憎恨〕
cry·ba·by /`krai bebi; 'krai, beibi/ n derog a person, especially
a child, who cries too often【贬】爱哭的人[孩子]
cry for help /'/ n [S] (used of a DESPERATE (3) action, espe
cially an attempt at SUICIDE) an attempt to get some help and
attention from other people, rather than to hurt yourself or any-
one else〔为得到他人的帮助或关注而采取于人于己都无害的〕吓
唬人的举动〔尤指自杀企图)：I think she took the pills knowing
her mother would find her in time; it was just a cry for help. 
我想她知道母亲会及时发现才吞下了药丸；这只是吓唬人而已。
crying /'krain; 'krai-in/ adj [A] infml (of something bad) that
demands urgent attention【非正式】急需处理的，需立即加以注意
的：The state of the roads is a crying shame, 道路的现状太不
像话了，应立即加以解决
cry. o. gen. ics /kraie`d3niks: kraie'd3eniks/ n the science of
very low temperature 低温学
cry. on. ics /krai`aniks; krai'pniks/ n the process of freezing a
body in liquid NITROGEN at the moment of its death. People
who pay for their bodies to be frozen like this hope that at
some future time doctors will be able to bring them back to
life. 人体冷冻学〔将刚死的人放进液氮中冷冻的方法。花钱用这
种方法将自己冷冻起来的人希望将来有一天医生能使他们复活〕
crypt /kript; kript/ n a room under a church, often used in the
past as a BURIAL place 地窟，教堂地下室〔过去常用作墓地〕
cryp. tic /kriptik; 'kriptik/ adj secret or mysterious; difficult to
understand, sometimes intentionally秘密的，隐秘的，神秘的；有
隐义的；使用密码的：a cryptic message 密码电文|a cryptic
comment/remark (=with hidden meaning)含义隐晦的话；有言
外之意的话 — compare 比较ELLIPTICAL(3) — ~ally/-k]i; -kli/
adv
crypto- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
cryp. to. gra. phy /`krip`tagrefi: 'krip'tpgrefi/ n [U] the study
of secret writing and CODES 密码学 - -pher n - -phic / kripte-
`graefik; kripte'graefik/ adj--phically /-kli; -kli/ adv
crys. tal /kristl; 'kristl/ n 1 [C; U] (a shaped piece of) a natural
mineral that is either transparent, looking like ice, or is only
slightly coloured 水晶 2 [U] colourless glass of very high qual-
ity 水晶玻璃：a crystal wine glass 水晶玻璃酒杯| a crystal
chandelier水晶玻璃枝形吊灯 3 [C] a small regular shape with
surfaces in an even arrangement, formed naturally by a sub-
stance when it becomes solid, 结晶（体） ：crystals of salt 盐的
结晶体 |copper sulphate crystals 硫酸铜结晶 4 [C] AmE the
transparent cover over the face of a clock or watch【美】钟面
[表面]玻璃盖片
crys. tal ball /，. '/n a ball of crystal or glass used by FORTUNE-
TELLERs to look into the future〔占卜者用的〕水晶球[玻璃球]：
(fig. 喻) He's an expert, but not even his crystal ball can tell
us how the stockmarket will change. 他是个专家，但是连他也
预测不出股票市场会如何变化
crystal clear /，. '/ adj very clearly stated or understood; al-
lowing no possibility of doubt 明白的，无疑问的，非常清楚的
I'd like to make it crystal clear that I do not agree with these
proposals. 我想明白表示，我不同意这些提议。
crystal gaz·ing /'·. ·/ n [U] the practice of looking into a ball
of crystal or glass in an attempt to see the future 水晶球卜
(术)：(fig. 喻) The article contained some firm predictions. 
but also a lot of crystal gazing. (=guessing about the future)
这篇文章包含一些有根据的预言，但也有许多猜测。- -er n
crys-tal-line /kristlin; 'kristelain/ adj 1 of or like crystal; very
clear; transparent 水晶的，水晶般的，清澈透明的：a crystalline
mountain stream 清澈的山溪 2 made of CRYSTALS (3)结晶体
组成的：crystalline rocks 结晶岩
crys·tal·lize also 又作 -lise BrE【英】/`kristl aiz; 'kristelaiz/ v
1 [I; T] to (cause to) form CRYSTALS (3)（使）结晶：The liquid
will crystallize at 50℃. 这种液体在 50℃ 时结晶。2 [I; T] to
(cause to) become clear and fixed in form(使)变得明朗而具
体：a number of related ideas that gradually crystallized into
a practical plan逐渐具体化为实际计划的若干有关连的想法
3 [T] to preserve (fruit) by covering with sugar 使〔水果等)裹
上糖衣：crystallized cherries 蜜饯樱桃 -- -lization /kristlai-
zefen; kristelai'zeifan/ n [U]
Crystal Pal-ace, the /·. ·/ a large building made of glass and
iron, built in HYDE PARK, London to contain the GREAT EXHI-
BITION of 1851. The building was later moved to S London. 
but was destroyed by fire in 1936. The name 'Crystal Palace
is still used for a football team and a sports ground in S London. 
水晶宫〔位于伦敦海德公园内一座由玻璃和铁架构造成的大型建
筑，为1851年大博览会而建。后来被移到了伦敦南部，但毁于
1936年一场大火。“水晶宫”仍被用作一支足球队以及伦敦南部的
一座运动场的名称〕
crystal set /'. / n a simple radio receiver of an old-fashioned
kind晶体管收音机
CSA, the abbrev. for 缩写=the CHILD SUPPORT AGENCY — see
参见 DIVORCE
C-sec-tion /'·/ an informal word for a CAESAREAN 剖腹产（手
术)
CS gas / si es `gaes; si: es 'gaes/ n [U] TEAR GAS 催泪瓦斯，催泪
弹
CSO, the /si es `o; si: es 'eu/ abbrey, for 缩写= the CHICAGO
SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
C-SPAN /，si `spaen; si: 'spaen/ a CABLE TELEVISION station in
the US which broadcasts the meetings of the US Congress and
0416
its various committees while they are taking place 有线公共事
务网〔美国的一家有线电视台，实况转播美国国会及其委员会的会
议〕
CST/, si s `ti; si: es 'ti:/ abbrev. for 缩写=CENTRAL STAN-
DARD TIME
CT written abbrev. for 缩写=CONNECTICUT
cu written abbrev. for 缩写=CUBIC
cub /kab; kvb/ n 1 the young of various meat-eating wild
animals, such as the lion, bear etc 幼兽：a fox and her cubs 一
只母狐及其幼狐| lion cubs 幼狮 2 (often cap. 常用大写) a
member of the CUB SCOUTS 幼年童子军成员 3 a young and
inexperienced person 生手，初出茅庐的年轻人：a cub reporter
on a newspaper 一家报纸初出茅庐的新闻记者
Cu. ba /`kjube; 'kju:be/ the largest island in the Caribbean Sea. 
Population: 11, 041, 000(1995). Capital: Havana. Cuba has been
a one-party Communist state since 1959， led by Fidel CASTRO. 
There are many Cuban people living in the US, especially in
Florida, who left Cuba because they did not like the political
and economic situation there. Some people in the US have a
negative view of the Cuban government. 古巴〔古巴岛是加勒
比海中最大的岛屿。该国人口：11, 041, 000(1995)，首都：哈瓦那。
1959年起为菲德尔·卡斯特罗领导下共产党一党执政的国家。不
少民众因为不喜欢那里的政治和经济局势而旅居美国，尤其是住在
佛罗里达州。有些美国人对古巴政府持否定意见〕- Cuban n, 
adj
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 There are many Cuban
REFUGEES in the US. Some left Cuba when the govern-
ment was taken over by the Communists in 1959， and some
others came to the US as BOAT PEOPLE (=people who try
to escape from their own country in boats), especially in
the 1980s and 1990s. Many Cubans live in Florida, espe-
cially in Miami. The US government does not trust the
Communist government in Cuba, and does not allow US
citizens to visit Cuba or US companies to do business in
Cuba. 美国有许多古巴难民。有些人在1959年共产主义者
开始执政时离开了古巴，另有一些人则是乘船前往美国的难
民，特别是在20世纪80、90年代。许多古巴人住在佛罗里达
州，尤其是迈阿密。美国政府不信任古巴的共产党政府，因此
不允许美国公民前往古巴，也不允许美国公司在古巴开展业
务。
Cuban mis. sile cri. sis, the /·. . ·. / a dangerous situation
which developed in 1962 when the Soviet Union began to build
bases for NUCLEAR MISSILES in Cuba. US President John F. 
Kennedy complained to the Soviet government, stopped all
ships from going to Cuba, and threatened to take military action. 
This caused a lot of international anxiety, but after a few days
the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missile bases. 古巴导弹
危机〔1962年苏联开始在古巴境内建立核导弹基地而引发的危险
局势。美国总统约翰·F. 肯尼迪向苏联政府提出抗议，禁止所有船
只驶往古巴并威胁将采取军事行动。此事引起了全世界的不安，但
几天后，苏联同意撤除该导弹基地) — see also另见 BAYOF PIGS
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The Cuban missile crisis
is considered to be the time when the US and the Soviet
Union came closest to having a NUCLEAR WAR. Many
people were very frightened when President Kennedy ap-
peared on television to explain what was happening. 古巴
导弹危机被认为是美国和苏联最接近核战争边缘的一段时期。
当肯尼迪总统出现在电视上解释那时的局势时，不少人极为害
怕。
cub. by. hole /kabi, hol; 'kabiheul/ n a small enclosed space, 
sometimes used either as a room or a cupboard鸽笼式小室；小
壁橱：She works in a little cubbyhole at the end of the corridor. 
她在走廊尽头那个鸽笼似的小房间里工作。
cube1/kjub; kju:b/ n 1 a solid object with six equal square sides
立方形的东西； 立方体：a sugar cube 一块方糖 | The box was
cube-shaped. 这箱子是立方形的。2 the number made by mul-
tiplying a number by itself twice 〔数学中的)立方：The cube of
3is27. (3×3×3=27)3的立方是27。
cube2v [T]1 to multiply a number by itself twice 使自乘两次：3
cubed (written 33) is 27. 使3自乘两次得 27. 2 to cut (something)
into cubes; DICE2(1)使成立方体；将·切成小丁
cube root // n the number which when multiplied by itself
twice equals a particular number 立方根：If 3 is the cube root
of27(written), then3×3×3=27. 如果3是27的立方根，则
3×3×3便等于27。
cu. bic /kjubik; 'kju:bik/ adj being a measurement of space when
the length of something is multiplied by its width and height
立方的：a cubic centimetre (often written as 常写作 cc) 1立方
厘米|a cubic metre/inch/foot 1立方米[英寸；英尺]|“What's
the cubic capacity (=size) of this engine?” “2000 cc. ” “这台
发动机的容积是多少？” “2000cc。”
cu. bi. cal /`kjubekl; 'kju:bikal/ also 又作 cubic - adj having
the shape of a cube 立方体的，立方形的
cu. bi. cle /kjubikl; 'kju:bikal/ n a very small division of a larger
room, such as one used for dressing or undressing in at a swim-
ming pool, or studying in a library小室，小房间（如游泳池的单
间更衣室或图书馆的单间阅览室>
cub·is. m /^kjubizem; 'kju:bizam/ n [U](often cap. 常用大写)a
20th century art style in which the subject matter is represented
by GEOMETRIC shapes. Picasso and Braque are the most fa-
mous artists connected with Cubism. 立体主义〔20世纪的一种
艺术流派，多以几何图形来表现主题，毕加索和布拉克是最著名的
立体派艺术家〕 - -ist n
cu. bit /kjubit; 'kju:bt/ n bibl an ancient unit of length equal to
the length of the arm between the tip of the middle finger and
the elbow【圣经】腕尺，肘尺〔古代长度单位，相当于中指指尖至肘
的长度
Cub Scout /'/n BrE【英]1 the Cub Scouts, the Cubs the
part of the SCOUT organization that is for boys and girls be-
tween the ages of 8 and 11幼年童子军〔由8至11岁的儿童组
成，为童子军的一部分) — compare 比较 the BROWNIES 2 Cub
a child who is a member of this organization幼年童子军成员
cuck. old'/kakld; 'kakald/ n humor or derog, now rare a man
whose wife has had sex with another man since her marriage
【幽或贬，现罕】“乌龟”〔指奸妇的丈夫〕
cuckold2v [T] humor or derog, now rare (of a wife, or of
another man) to make(the husband) into a cuckold【幽或贬，现
罕】使〔某人〕成为“乌龟”；〔妻子〕与人通奸，与··的妻子通奸
cuck. oo1/'kuku; 'koku:/ n -oos a grey European bird that lays
its eggs in other birds'nests for them to HATCH and has a call
that sounds like its name 杜鹃，布谷鸟
cuckoo2 adj slang mad; foolish【俚】怪人的，疯疯癫癫的，傻子
的：You're cuckoo!你是个怪人！
cuckoo clock /'. / n a wall clock with a wooden bird inside
that comes out to tell each hour with the call of a cuckoo杜鹃
自鸣钟
cu. cum. ber /^kjukvmba-; 'kju:kvmbe/ n [C; U] a long thin round
vegetable with a dark green skin and light green watery flesh, 
usually cut in pieces and eaten raw 黄瓜
cud /kad; kvd/ n [U] food that has been swallowed and brought
up again to the mouth from the first stomach of certain ani-
mals which have four stomachs, such as the cow, for further
eating 反刍的食物：cows in the meadow chewing the cud 牧场
上反刍的乳牛 — see also 另见 chew the cud (CHEW1)
cud. dle1/`kvd]; 'kvdl/ v [I; T] to hold (someone, something, or
each other)lovingly and closely in the arms抱，拥抱，搂抱：
The little girl cuddled her pet dog. 这小女孩搂抱着她的爱犬。|
Susie and John were cuddling in the cinema. 苏珊和约翰在电
影院里搂搂抱抱。
cuddle up phr v [I (to, TOGETHER)] to lie close and comfor-
tably (together)紧贴着身子躺卧，偎依：The children cuddled
up to each other in bed. 孩子们彼此紧挨着躺在床上。
cuddle2n [S] an act of cuddling 拥抱，紧贴着身子躺：My little
daughter came to me for a cuddle. 我的小女儿走过来要我拥抱
她。 Give me a cuddle, mummy. 抱抱我，妈咪。
cud. dle·some /kvdlsem; 'kvdlsam/ adj cuddly 可拥抱的，可
爱的
cud. dly /`kadli; 'kvdli/ adj lovable; suitable for cuddling可爱
的，值得拥抱的：a cuddly little baby逗人爱的小宝宝
cud. gel1^kvd3el; 'kvd3al/ n 1 a short thick heavy stick or similar
object used as a weapon, especially one that has a rough surface; 
short heavy CLUB1(4)〔尤指表面粗糙，用作武器的〕短棍，短棒
2 take up the cudgels (for) BrE to begin to take part in argu-
ment or struggle, especially in support of a person, principle
etc【英】努力为··辩护，尽力捍卫：He took up the cudgels on be-
half of the political prisoners. 他竭力为政治犯辩护。
cudgel2v-ll- BrE【英】‖-I- AmE【美】[T] to beat with a cudgel
用棍棒打：(fig. 喻)We cudgelled our brains (=forced ourselves
to think hard) trying to remember the lost address. 我们绞尽
脑汁想回忆起丢失了的地址。
cue1/kju; kju:/ n 1 (especially in a play) a word, phrase, or
action that is the signal for the next person to speak or act〔戏
剧中暗示对方接言或出场的)尾白，提示：The actor missed his
cue and came onto the stage late. 这演员错过了向他发出的提
示，上场晚了。2 an action, event etc that provides a signal for
something to be done or a standard that can be copied暗示，暗
0417
号：指示：I wasn't sure what to do, so I took my cue from the
person sitting next to me. 我不敢肯定该怎样做，所以就模仿邻
座那个人的行动。| The fall in interest rates may be a cue for
an upturn in consumer spending. 利率的下降可能暗示消费的
上升。| He shows up (right) on cue (=exactly as expected)
every evening at suppertime. 他每天晚上吃晚饭的时候总是准
时露面。
cue2ν
cue sbdy. in phr v [T] to give (someone) a sign to be ready to
do something 向··发出指示信号：The studio manager will cue
you in when it's your turn to sing. 轮到你唱的时候，演播室经
理会向你发出暗示的。
cue3 n a long straight wooden stick used for pushing the ball ir
games such as BILLIARDS and SNOOKER〔台球等的〕球杆，弹子
棒：She chalked her cue again. 她往弹子棒梢上又擦了擦白垩
粉
cue ball /'/n 1 the ball which a player hits with a CUE3 in
order to make other balls move in a game such as BILLIARDS
〔桌球等的〕主球 2 AmE humor slang a BALD person【美，幽，
俚】秃顶的人
cuff1 /kvf; kvf/ n 1 the end of a SLEEVE (=the arm of a garment)
袖口，护腕 2AmE for【美】=TURN-UP(1)翻边：trouser cuffs
裤脚翻边 3 off the cuff without preparation or consideration
即兴地，〔未作准备地〕当场，非正式地：I'm afraid I can't answer
your question off the cuff. 很遗憾，恐怕我不能当场回答你的问
题。| an off-the-cuff remark/estimate 即兴讲话：当场[临时]
的估计 — see also 另见 HANDCUFFS
cuff2ν [T] to hit lightly with the open hand 用巴掌轻打；拍：She
cuffed the boy on the side of the head and pushed him into
the car. 她向这男孩子的头上轻轻打了一巴掌, 然后把他推进汽
车里。- cuff n: He gave his son a cuff round the ear. 他打了
儿子一记耳光。
cuff link /'/n [usually pl. 一般用复数] an object like two con
nected buttons used to fasten a shirt cuff through two
BUTTONHOLES〔衬衫袖口的〕链扣 — see 参见 PAIR' (USAGE)
cuffs /kafs; kvfs/ n [P] infml for【非正式】= HANDCUFFS
cui·rass /kwi`raes; kwi'raes/ n a piece of armour covering the
upper half of the body but not the arms 护胸背铁甲，胸甲
Cui·sin. art /kwi`zinart; kwi'zna:t/ trademark a type of FOOD
PROCESSOR sold in the US【商标】“厨艺”牌食品加工机
cui·sine /kwi`zin; kwi'zi:n/ n [U] 1 a style of cooking 烹饪
(法)：French cuisine 法国式烹饪 2 food that has been pre-
pared 菜肴，饭菜：When in Naples, try the excellent local cuisine. 
到了那不勒斯，尝一尝美味的地方菜
cul-de-sac /`kvl de `saek; 'kvl de saek/ n a street with only one
way in or out; BLIND ALLEY 死胡同，死巷
cul·i·na. ry /kjule neri: 'kvlanari/ adj fml connected with or used
in the kitchen or cooking【正式】烹饪（用）的，厨房的：culinary
herbs 调味香料|culinary skills 烹饪技术
Cul. kin /`kalkin: 'kvlkn/, Ma. cau. ley /me`koli; me'ko:li/
(1980-)a US film actor, who became famous as a young boy
in the humorous film HOME ALONE (1990)麦考利·卡尔金
((1980-), 美国电影演员，以饰演喜剧片《小鬼当家》(1990)中
的小男孩出名〕
cull' /kAl; kal/ y 1 [I; T] to kill the weakest or unwanted mem-
bers of (a group of animals)从〔一群动物〕中剔出，杀掉〔最弱
者或不需要者)：Every year the seals are culled to prevent their
population from increasing. 每年都要杀掉一些海豹, 以防它们
繁殖得过多。2 [T] fiml to choose or collect (especially information)
from among others【正式】挑选，收集，选用〔尤指资料〕：The
facts were culled from various sources. 资料是从各种渠道收
集来的
cull2n 1 an act of culling 宰杀〔一群动物中的最弱者或不需要
者)，剔除；挑选：a seal cull 剔出海豹予以杀戮 2 something
found worthless as a result of culling 〔被剔出的〕无价值的东
西：Those potatoes over there are culls. 被剔出堆放在那里的
马铃薯一钱不值
cul·len·der /kvlenda; 'kvlnde/n a COLANDER 滤器，滤锅
Cul. lod. en /ke`ladn; ke'lodn/ a place in NE Scotland and alsc
the name of a famous battle that was fought there in 1746， in
which the Scots, under BONNIE PRINCE CHARLIE, were severely
defeated by the English, under the Duke of Cumberland, sec-
ond son of King GEORGE IⅡ卡洛登〔苏格兰东北部一地区)；卡
洛登战役〔1746年，英王乔治二世次子坎伯兰公爵率领的英国军
队重创查理王子率领的苏格兰军队的一次战役〕
cul·mi·nate /`kvlme, net; 'kvlmneit/v
culminate in sthg. phr v [T] to reach the highest point, degree. 
or stage of development in; end in 达到·. 高峰[顶点]；终于
Their years of work culminated in the discovery of a cure. 他
们经过多年工作，终于发现了治疗的方法。| a series of minor
clashes culminating in full-scale war 最终导致全面战争的-
系列小冲突
cul·mi·na·tion /，kvlme`nefen; , kvlm'neifan/n [the (of)] the
last and highest point, when this is reached after a long period
of effort or development; CLIMAX 顶点，极点：The discovery
was the culmination of his life's work. 这项发现是他一生工作
的顶点。
cu. lottes /kju`lats; kju:'lots/ n [P] women's short trousers
shaped to look like a skirt 〔女用的〕裙裤 — see 参见 PAIR
(USAGE)
cul-pa. ble /`kvlpebl; 'kvlpebal/ adjfml deserving blame【正式】
应受谴责[处罚]的：culpable negligence 该受处罚的疏忽大意
- -bly adv - -bility /kalpe`bileti; kvlpe'bilti/n [U]
cul-prit /kvlprit; 'kvlprt/ n the person guilty of a crime or re-
sponsible for a problem 犯法者，罪犯；犯过失的人：Someone
was breaking windows, but we soon caught the culprit. 有人
在砸窗玻璃，但我们很快就抓到了肇事者。|(fig. 喻)Our prices
are rising too quickly, and high production costs are the main
culprit. 物价上涨太快，而生产成本高是造成涨价的罪魁祸首。
cult /kvlt; kvlt/ n 1 (the group of people that follow) a system of
worship, especially one that is different from the usual and
established forms of religion in a particular society, e. g. the
Moonies 狂热的崇拜，迷信；行狂热崇拜| 迷信]的一群人<如文
鲜明统一教团信徒>2 a particular fashion or style, e. g. in art, 
music, or writing, that is followed with great interest and keen-
ness by a fairly small group〔艺术等的〕时尚，狂热：His music
has become something of a cult. 他的音乐已经成为一种时尚。|
Her books aren't bestsellers, but they have a certain cult
following. 她的书算不上畅销书，但有一定的崇拜者。| a cult
movie 风靡一时的影片 | The Morris Minor convertible is
rather a cult car in Britain. 小莫里斯敞篷轿车是一种风靡英国
的汽车。 — see also 另见 PERSONALITY CULT
cul·ti·va·ble /`kaltevebl; 'kvltvebal/ adj that can be cultivated
可耕作的，可栽培的：可培养的，可教化的
*cul. ti. vate /`kalte vet; 'kvltveit/ v [T] 1 to prepare (land) for
the growing of crops 耕，耕作 2 to plant, grow, and raise (a
crop)by preparing the soil, providing water etc 栽培，种植
3 to improve or develop(the mind, a feeling etc) by careful
attention, training, or study 陶冶，培养；修习：to cultivate a
knowledge of music 修习音乐知识 4 to pay special and friendly
attention to (someone that you regard as useful)力求与··交
往，结交〔朋友等)：John always tries to cultivate people who
might be able to help him professionally. 约翰经常与那些会
在职业上帮助他的人交往
cul·ti·vat·ed /`kalte, vetid; 'kvltveitd/ adj1 showing good
education, manners etc; CULTURED 有素养的，有修养的，文雅的
a cultivated audience 有修养的听众 2 (of land) used for grow-
ing crops〔土地〕用于耕作的 — opposite 反义词 uncultivated
cul. ti. va. tion /kalte`vefen; kvlt'veifan/ n [U] the process of
cultivating 耕作，栽培：to bring new land under cultivation 耕
作新土地| the cultivation of cotton 棉花的栽培
cul·ti·va. tor /`klte yete: 'kvltveite/n 1 a tool or machine for
loosening earth, destroying unwanted plants etc 中耕机；耕耘
机 2 a person who cultivates, especially a farmer耕种者，农
cul·tu·ral /`kvltferel; 'kvltferel/ adj of or related to culture文
化的，文化上的：concerts, plays, and other cultural events 音
乐会、戏剧及其他文化活动| the cultural diversity of the United
States美国文化的多样性 — ~ly ady
cultural lit. e. ra. cy /，·. '··/n [U] a good general knowledge
of the CULTURE(1) of a society, especially a knowledge of the
history, literature, art, politics, GEOGRAPHY, science, religion
and FOLKLORE which form a part of that culture, and the knowl-
edge of which is generally shared by the people of that society. 
The phrase was made famous by the book, Cultural Literacy
written by the American E. D. Hirsh, Jr. et al. 文化理解〔对某一
社会文化有良好的总体了解, 尤其是历史、文学、艺术、政治、地理、
科学、宗教、构成该文化的民俗，这些知识是该社会中人们所共有
的。该短语因美国人E. D. 赫什（小）等著的《文化理解》一书而出
名)：Immigrants often lack cultural literacy of their new
country. 移民往往缺乏对新到国家的文化理解
Cultural Rev. o. lu. tion, the /，. . . . / n a period in Chinese
history, from 1966 to 1976， when its leader Mao Zedong tried
to continue and develop the REVOLUTION that brought the Com-
munists to power in China in the late 1940s. During this pe-
riod educated people, including university teachers, artists, and
high-ranking government officials, were criticized and physi-
cally attacked, and many of them were put in prison or forced
to work on the land. The Cultural Revolution was strongly sup
ported by young people, especially students, and many of them
0418
joined a group called the Red Guards to carry out Mao's in-
structions and ideas. 文化大革命〔1966年至1976年间的一段
中国历史。那时，中国领导人毛泽东试图继续壮大20世纪40年
代后期为共产党人夺得中国政权的革命。在此期间，包括大学教
师、艺术家和高级政府官员在内的知识分子受到批判和肉体折磨，
其中许多人被投进监狱或强制下田劳动。该运动受到年轻人，尤其
是学生的极力支持，不少人加入了“红卫兵”组织以贯彻毛泽东的
指示和思想〕 — see also 另见 LITTLE RED BOOK
cul·ture /^`kvltf; 'kvltfe/ n 1 [C; U] the customs, beliefs, art
music, and all the other products of human thought made by a
particular group of people at a particular time文化：ancien
Greek culture_古希腊文化 | a tribai culture_部落文化 pop
culture_通俗文化 the culture gap(=difference in culture)
between Britain and France 英法两国之间的文化差异 - com
bare 比较 CIVILIZATION; see also 另见 SUBCULTURE 2 [U] ar
tistic and other activity of the mind, and the works produced
by this 修养，教养；精神文明：Paris is a good city for people
who are interested in culture. 对于有兴趣于身心修养的人来
说，巴黎是个好城市。| a woman of culture and taste 一个有修
养有品味的女人 3 [U] the practice of raising animals and grow-
ing plants 养殖，培育；栽培：bee culture 养蜂 - — see also 另见
AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE 4 [C; U] (a group of bacteria
produced by) the growing of bacteria for scientific use 细菌培
养：培养出的细菌
cultured /`kvltfed; 'kvltfed/ adj 1 having or showing good
education, manners, and especially an interest in art, music, 
literature etc 有教养的，有（文化）修养的：cultured minds that
lke good books and paintings喜爱好书好画的很有文化修养
的人士 — opposite 反义词 uncultured 2 caused to grow by
artificial means 人工培养 [养殖]的：a cultured virus 人工培养
的病毒|cultured pearls 人工养殖珍珠
culture shock /'· ·/ n [U] the feeling of shock or of being
disorientated(DISORIENTATE) which someone has when they
experience a different and unfamiliar culture 文化冲击〔面对不
同或陌生的文化时所产生的震惊或不知所措的感觉〕
culture vul·ture /'··/ n humor, sometimes derog a person
who is very interested in CULTURE(2) and knows a lot about
it, although perhaps they do not make much effort to make
judgments about it【幽，有时贬】过分热衷于文化的人：好卖弄的
文化人：She moved to London, where she suddenly turned into
a real culture vulture. 她搬到了伦敦，在那里她突然变成一个热
衷于文化的人
cul. vert /`kvlvet; 'kalvet/ n a pipe for waste water that passes
under a road, railway line etc 排水渠，阴沟；涵洞
cum/kam; kum/ prep (used when one thing, place, event etc
has two purposes or natures) combined with; together with 兼
作；随同，连带，附有：a kitchen-cum-bathroom(=both in one
room) 厨房浴室两用房间 | a lunch-cum-business meeting 工
作午餐会 — see also 另见 CUM LAUDE
cum. ber /`kvmb; 'kvmbe/ v [T (with)] rare to ENCUMBER
【罕】妨碍，拖累
cum·ber·some/`kvmbe·sem; 'kvmbesam/ also又作 cum·brous
/-bres; -bres/ rare【罕】- adj heavy and awkward to carry, wear
etc 笨重的，不方便的：a cumbersome parcel/uniform 笨重的
包裹 [制服] | (fig. 喻) the firm's cumbersome salary system
这家商行烦琐的工资制度
Cum. bri. a/kvmbrie; 'kvmbrie/ a COUNTY of NW England just
south of the border with Scotland. It is known for its beautiful
scenery and it contains the LAKE DISTRICT National Park. 坎布
里亚〔英格兰西北部一郡，位于苏格兰边界南部，以其优美的景色
著称，境内有湖区国家公园)- -brian adj
cum. in /kamin; 'kvmn/ n [U] a plant whose pleasant-smelling
seeds are used in cooking and medicine小茴香；枯茗；萝
cum lau. de /kam `laudi; kvm 'lo:di/ adj, adv [F] Latin with
praise; recognition given by some American universities of
special achievement【拉丁】得到赞扬的[地]；〔得到美国某些大学
承认〕获得特殊成就的[地]：She graduated cum laude from
Harvard. 她以优异成绩毕业于哈佛大学。 — compare 比较
HONOURS(2), MAGNA CUM LAUDE, SUMMA CUM LAUDE; see
also 另见 DEGREE
cum. mer. bund /kvme band; 'kvmeband/ n a broad belt of
cloth worn round a man's waist, especially as part of formal
evening dress〔男性用的〕宽腰带
cum·mings. e. e. /`kvminz; 'kvminz/ (1894-1962) a US poet
known for the unusual ways in which he arranged the words
and letters in his poems. He always wrote his name in small
letters, as e e cummings. 肯明斯〔(1894-1962)，美国诗人，以
其诗中不同寻常的组词、排字方式闻名。他总是用小写署名〕
cum·quat/^kvmkwat; 'kvmkwot/n KUMQUAT 金橘
cu·mu. la. tive/`kjumje, letrv; 'kju:mjletrv/ also 又作 accumu
lative - adj increasing steadily in amount or degree by one
addition after another 累积的，渐增的：cumulative interest pay-
able on a debt 欠款的累积利息 — ~ly adv: Cumulatively, the
effects of the drug are disastrous. 日积月累吸服这种毒品，其
后果极为严重
cu·mu. lus /`kjumjeles; 'kju:mjles/ n [U] thick white feathery
cloud with a flat base （气象）积云 — compare 比较 CIRRUS
NIMBUS(1)
Cu. nard /kju`nard; kju:'na:d/ a company that organizes CRUISES
(=journeys by sea for pleasure) in many parts of the world. Its
most famous passenger ship is the OE2. 丘纳德公司〔在世界许
多地方经营海上游览的一家公司，最有名的客轮是“伊丽莎白女王
二号”〕
cu. nei. form /`kjunie, form; 'kju:nifo:m/ adj, n [U] (of or writ-
ten in)the letters used in writing by the peoples of ancient
Mesopotamia. From being drawings of objects and being writ-
ten from top to bottom, they developed into signs for words
and SYLLABLES and began to be written from left to right. (古
代美索不达米亚人使用的〕楔形文字（的）〔从实物画和由上至下的
书写方式发展成为文字与音节的表达符号，并开始从左至右书写)
cun. nilin. gus /，kvne`linges; , kvni'linges/ n [U] the practice
of touching the female sex organs with the lips and tongue in
order to give sexual pleasure舔阴〔用唇和舌刺激女性生殖器的
性行为) — compare 比较 FELLATIO
cun·ning1/`kanin; 'kvnin/ adj 1 clever in deceiving; SLY 狡猾
的，狡诈的：as cunning as a fox 狐狸般狡猾的 | a cunning trick/
person 狡猾的花招 [人 2 infml rare, especially AmE attractive; 
CUTE【非正式，罕，尤美】可爱的，逗人喜爱的：a cunning little
girl 可爱的小女孩 3 old use skilful【旧】精巧的，熟练的：cun-
ning hands 巧手 — ~ly adv
cunning2n [U] 1 cleverness in deceiving; GUILE 狡猾，狡诈：
She showed considerable cunning in the way she avoided an-
swering the question. 她避而不答这个问题，表现出她相当狡黠。
2 old use skill【旧】灵巧，熟练
cunt/kvnt; kvnt/ n taboo【讳】1 VAGINA 女人阴部，阴道 2 slang
especially BrE a very unpleasant or stupid person【俚，尤英】
使人讨厌的人，蠢人
Cu. o. mo /kuomo; 'ku:eumeu/, Mario /`maerio; 'maerieu/
(1932-)a US politician in the Democratic Party, who was
governor of New York from 1983 to 1994. It was suggested
many times that he should try to become president of the US. 
but he has never done so. 科莫〔(1932- )，美国民主党政治家
1983年至1994年间任纽约州州长。有人多次提议他应当参加美
国总统竞选，但他从未尝试过〕
*cup1/kap; kvp/ n 1 [C] a small round container, usually with a
handle, from which liquids are drunk, especially hot liquids
such as tea or coffee 杯子：a cup and saucer 一副杯碟 | a
chipped cup 一只有缺口的杯子 — compare 比较 MUG1 (1) 2 [C]
also 又作 cup·ful /- ful; -ful/ -- a the amount a cup will hold
·杯之容量：Would you like a cup of coffee?你想喝杯咖啡吗？
two cupfuls of sugar 两杯白糖 b an exact measure of quantity
used in cooking, equal to 0. 3 British pints (0. 5 American pints)
or 0. 28 litres〔烹饪计量的)一杯<相当于英制0. 3品脱，即美制
0. 5品脱或0. 28升>3 [C] something shaped like a cup 杯状物
the cup of a flower 花萼 | bra cups 乳罩杯 4 [C] (a specially
shaped usually silver container given as a prize in)a
competition, especially in sport 优胜杯，奖杯：We won the cup
for the first time this year. 今年我们第一次获得奖杯。| She's
been picked to play in the Wightman Cup. 她被选出参加怀特
曼杯比赛。5 [C; U] a mixed alcoholic drink 酒，混合饮料：ci-
der cup 苹果酒 6 [C] AmE for【美】=HOLE1(5)高尔夫球的洞
7 in your cups old-fash euph drunk【过时，婉】在喝醉时8 my
cup runneth over phrase from the Bible I am extremely happy
and contented 我的福杯满溢〔出自《圣经》的短语)9 your cup
of tea the sort of thing you like 某人感兴趣的东西，喜爱的东
西：Jazz isn't really my cup of tea. 爵士音乐不是我真正喜欢
的。
cup2v-pp- [T] to form (the hands) into the shape of a cup(手)
双手合起作杯状：He cupped his hands and I poured some water
into them. 他把双手合成杯状，我便给他倒了些水。| She cupped
her hands round the mug of hot coffee. 她把双手握住热咖啡
杯的周围。
Cup, the BrE an informal name for the FA CUP【英】〔英国的)足
总杯
cup. bear. er /kp, bEre; 'kvp, beare/n an official in a royal or
noble court who serves wine on special occasions〔王室等)在
正式场合专司斟酒的侍酒官
*cup. board /kvba-d; 'kvbed/ n a piece of furniture with doors. 
or a set of shelves with doors, where clothes, plates, food etc. 
can be stored 橱柜，衣柜；食品橱，碗橱：The sugar's in the
0419
cupboard. 白糖在食品橱里。| Put your shirts in the airing
cupboard. 把你的衬衫放进烘柜里。 — compare 比较 CABINET
CLOSET
cupboard love /'. / n [U] love shown only for the purpose of
gaining a reward, e. g. by a pet hoping for food企图得到某物而
表示的亲热<例如宠物索求食物>
cup cake /'/ n a small round cake baked in a cup-shaped
container 杯形糕饼
cup fi. nal /'·/ n BrE (especially in football) the last match to
decide the winning team in a competition【英】〔尤指足球的〕决
赛 — compare 比较 CUP TIE
Cup Final, the in the UK the final game of the FA CUI
competition, played every year at WEMBLEY stadium in London
and watched by millions of people on television. Football in
Scotland is separate from England and Wales, and the Scottish
Cup Final takes place at Hampden Park in Glasgow. 〔英国)足
总杯决赛〔每年在伦敦的文布利体育场举行，上百万人收看电视转
播。苏格兰足球同英格兰和威尔士的各自独立，苏格兰杯决赛在格
拉斯哥的汉普登公园体育场举行〕
Cu. pid /kjupid; 'kju:pd/ n 1 a character based on the Roman
god of sexual love, who was the son of VENUS. Cupid is usu
ally shown in pictures as a young boy with wings, holding a
BOW and ARROW. His picture is often used on VALENTINE
CARDS to represent love. People sometimes say that they have
been hit by Cupid's arrow when they have started to have ro-
mantic feelings for someone, 丘比特〔根据罗马爱神创作出的人
物，为维纳斯之子。在画上，他一般被描绘成长着双翼、手持弓箭
的小男孩。这一画像常绘制在情人卡上象征爱情。当人们对一个
异性开始有恋慕之情时，有时会说他们被丘比特的箭射中了)2play
Cupid (to someone) to try to make two people become ro-
mantically involved with each other(为某人)当月下老人，做媒：
Greg was playing Cupid when he introduced Paul to Sheila. 
把保罗介绍给希拉认识时，格雷格是在充当月下老人
cu. pid. i. ty /kju`pideti; kju'pidati/ n [U] fml derog very
desire, especially for money and property; GREED【正式，贬】
贪心，贪财，贪婪
cu. po. la /kjupele; 'kju:pele/ n a smal DOME on top of a build
ing 圆屋顶
cup. pa /`kvpe; 'kvpe/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] BrE infml a
cup of tea【英，非正式】一杯茶：I'm dying for a cuppa. 我非常
想喝一杯茶
cu. pric /kjuprik; 'kju:prik/ adj tech containing copper【术语】
含铜的
cup tie /'/ n BrE (especially in football) a match between two
teams competing in a competition【英】〔尤指足球的〕优胜杯决
赛 — compare 比较 CUP FINAL
cur /k3; k3:/ n old use or humor【旧或幽】1 a fierce dog, espe. 
cially a MONGREL 恶狗，杂种狗 2 a worthless unpleasant per
son 卑劣可鄙的人
cu. ra. ble /`kjurebl; 'kjuarebal/ adj (of a disease) that can be
cured 〔病〕可医好的 — opposite 反义词 incurable - -bly adv
cu·ra·cao /kjure`so; 'kjuareseu/ n [U] a strong thick sweet al-
coholic drink, tasting of oranges, usually drunk from a small
glass after a meal 库拉索酒〔一种带有橙子味的甜酒，一般在饭
后倒在小杯子里喝〕
cu·rate /'kjurit; 'kjuart/ n a priest of the lowest rank, appointed
to help the priest of a PARISH 助理牧师
curate's egg /，. / n [S] BrE something that has both good
and bad parts【英】质量优劣兼备的东西：The play was rather
like the curate's egg. and the good parts of it were excellent. 
这部剧本可以说是瑕瑜互见，好的部分非常精彩。
cu. ra. tive /kjuretiv; 'kjuaretiv/ n, adj (something) that cures
an illness 有疗效的东西；能治疗的； the curative powers of a
new drug/the town's special water 新药的疗效；这个市镇一种
特殊的水的疗效
cu. ra. tor /kju`reta; kju'reite/n the person in charge of
MUSEUM, library etc 博物馆 [图书馆等] 馆长 — ~ship n
curb1/k3b; k3:b/ n 1 a controlling influence; CHECK 控制，约
束，抑制：Keep a curb on your temper. 你得控制自己的脾气。
2 AmE for【美】=KERB 3 a length of chain or leather passing
under a horse's jaw and fastened to the BIT2马衔索
curb2v [T] to control (something undesirable, such as strong
feelings, wasteful spending etc); RESTRAIN 控制，抑制，约束
to curb one's extravagancelenthusiasm 抑制奢侈 [热情] | ef-
forts to curb drug trafficking 为制止贩运毒品作出的努力
curd /k3d; k3:d/ also 又作 curds pl. - n [U] the thick soft
almost solid substance that separates from milk when it be-
comes sour, eaten as food or used for making cheese凝乳 -
compare 比较 WHEY; see also另见 LEMON CURD
curd cheese / / n [U] a smooth sharp-tasting soft cheese
made from the curds of milk 凝乳干酪
cur·dle /`k3dl: 'k3:dl/ y [I; T] to (cause to) form into curd; (cause
to) thicken （使）凝结；（使）变稠：(fig. 喻) Their screams made
my blood curdle with terror. 他们的尖叫声使我吓得血液几乎
都要凝固了。 — see also 另见 BLOODCURDLING
cu·ré /kju`re; 'kjuarei/ n a PARISH priest in France 〔法国的)教区
牧师
*cure1/kjur; kjue/ v [T] 1 [(of)] to bring health to (a person) in
place of disease or illness 治愈〔病人)：When I left hospital I
was completely cured. 我出院时已完全痊愈了。[ This medi-
cine will cure you of your cough. 这种药会治好你的咳嗽。|
(fig. 喻) A spell in the army will cure him of his laziness!在
军队里呆一段时间会治好他的懒病。 — compare 比较TREAT'(4)
2 to make (a disease, illness etc) go completely away, espe-
cially by medical treatment 治疗，治好〔疾病)：The only way
to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的惟一办法是休息。] (fig
喻) government action to cure unemployment 政府为解决失
业问题而采取的行动 — compare 比较 HEAL; see 参见 TREAT
(USAGE) 3 to preserve (food, skin, tobacco etc) by drying it. 
hanging it in smoke, covering in with salt etc〔用腌、晒、烤等方
法)保存〔食品、烟草等)：The tobacco leaves are cured in wood
smoke. 烟叶是用木柴的烟熏烤加工的
*cure2n 1 [(for)] a medicine that cures an illness, disease etc〔治
疗某种疾病的〕药，药剂：There is still no cure for the common
cold. 目前仍没有治愈感冒的良药。|(fig. 喻) a cure for infla-
tion/unemployment 解决通货膨胀[失业]的对策 2 a return to
health after illness 治愈，痊愈； a miraculous cure 奇迹般的疗
效 3 a course of medical treatment 疗程：to take the cure for
alcoholism 接受戒酒治疗 — see also 另见 REST CURE
cure-all /'/ n something that can cure any illness, deal with
any problem etc; PANACEA 万应灵药，灵丹妙药
cu·ret·tage /kju`ratid3; kjua'retid3/ n [U] the removal of dis-
eased flesh and skin from the body (e. g. from inside the WOMB
rea
with a special medical instrument(curette)刮除术<如刮子宫)
cur·few /`k3·fiu: 'k3:fiu:/n 1 [C] a rule that all people should
remain indoors at stated times 宵禁：to impose a curfew 实行
宵禁 | a curfew from midnight to 8 o'clock in the morning从
午夜至早晨8点钟的宵禁2[U] the time during which people
must be indoors according to this rule 宵禁时间：We mustn't
go out during curfew. 在宵禁时间里我们不能出去。
cu·ri·a /`kjurie; 'kjuarie/ n -iae /-ii; -i-i:/ [the] (often cap. 常用
大写)the POPE and the officials helping him in the government
of the Roman Catholic Church 罗马教廷
Cu. rie /`kjueri; 'kjuari/, Ma. rie /me`ri; 'ma:ri/ (1867-1934) a
Polish scientist, who with her French husband Pierre Curie
studied RADIOACTIVITY and discovered two new RADIOACTIVE
substances. POLONIUM and RADIUM. She won two Nobel prizes. 
and was the first woman ever to win one. 居里夫人〔 (1867-
1934), 波兰科学家，与其法国籍丈夫皮埃尔·居里对放射性进行研
究，并发现了两种新的放射性元素钋和镭。她曾两度荣获诺贝尔
奖，是首位获得诺贝尔奖的女性〕
cu. ri. o /`kjuri o; 'kjuarieu/ n -ios a usually small object, valu-
able because of its age, rarity, or beauty 古玩，古董，珍品
cu·ri·os. i·ty /，kjuri`aseti; kjuari'osti/n 1 [S; U] the desire to
know or learn 好奇心；求知欲：There was (an) intense curios-
iy about their wedding plans. 许多人十分好奇地想知道他们
的婚礼计划。|[+to-v] We were burning with curiosity to
know what had happened. 我们非常好奇，很想知道发生了什么
事。2 [C] a strange or rare object, custom etc奇品，珍品，奇事
This old map is quite a curiosity. 这张旧地图的确是件珍品。
3 curiosity killed the cat saying (a phrase used to someone to
tell them not to be so INQUISITIVE)【谚】好奇伤身〔常用来告诫
别人不要太寻根究底〕
cu·ri·ous /`kjuries; 'kjuaries/ adj 1 [(as to, about)] eager to
know or learn, especially about something unfamiliar or
mysterious; INQUISITIVE 好奇的，好打听的：I'm curious about
as to what happened. 我很想知道发生了什么事。| The tour-
ists were surrounded by curious children. 这些游客的周围站
满了好奇的孩子。[ [+to-y] We were curious to know where
she'd gone. 我们好奇地想知道她到哪里去了。 — opposite 反义
词 incurious 2 odd or unusual, especially in a way that is hard
to explain 稀奇古怪的，难以解释的：a curious noiselstate of af-
fairs 怪声；怪事 | It's curious that she left without saying
goodbye. 真奇怪，她不辞而别了。3 curiouser and curiouser
quote a phrase from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by
Lewis Carroll, used by Alice when she suddenly grew very
tall. People remember it because we would usually say that
something was even more curious, not curiouser, and so it is
often used humorously. 【引】越来越离奇〔刘易斯·卡罗尔所著的
《艾丽丝漫游奇境记》中，艾丽丝突然长高许多时说的一句话。我
0420
们一般说“even more curious”而不说“curiouser”, 所以人们对
此印象深刻，因而这经常被用来表示幽默〕 — see also另见ALICE
IN WONDERLAND — ~ly ady: She watched curiously as l
opened the box. 她好奇地看着我打开箱子。| Curiously (enough), 
we had met before. 真奇怪，我们以前见过面。
*curl1/k3l; k3:l/n 1 a small hanging mass of hair in a curving
shape. Curls are often noticed and remarked on by people ir
Britain and the US, and many people curl their hair artificially. 
e. g. using curlers or CURLING TONGS, or by having a PERM'. 鬈
发〔在英国和美国，鬈发常常受到人们注意和评论，不少人用卷发
夹或卷发钳进行人工卷烫或用化学剂冷烫)；a little boy with
beautiful blonde curls 有漂亮的金黄色鬈发的小男孩 - com-
pare 比较 WAVE2 (5)； see also 另见 CURLY 2 something with
the shape of a curl 拳曲物，螺旋状物：A curl of smoke rose from
her cigarette. 她的香烟冒出一缕弯曲的青烟。| (fig. 喻) a curl
of the lip (=showing SCORN)一撇嘴
*curl2v[I; T(UP)] 1 to twist into or form a curl or curls(使)弯曲
I don't like my hair straight so I'm going to have it curled. 我
不喜欢头发是直的，所以我要烫成鬈发。| The dying leaves be-
came brown and curled up, 快死的叶子发黄而拳曲。I Smoke
curled (=moved in a SPIRAL) out of the chimney. 烟从烟囱里
袅袅升起。2 to (cause to) go in a winding direction 盘绕，缠绕
The climbing plant curled round the trunk of the tree. 攀缘植
物盘绕着树干。
curl up phr v [I] to lie comfortably with the arms and legs
drawn close to the body 蜷卧，蜷曲：She curled up in front of
the fire with a book. 她蜷曲在炉火前看书。
curl-er /`k3la; 'k3:le/ n [often pl. 常用复数] an object around
which hair is twisted to make it curl. In old books and films. 
women are often shown wearing their curlers at bedtime or in
the early morning, and not wanting anyone, especially a mar
they do not know, to see them like this. In Britain, curlers are
thought of as being worn mostly by WORKING-CLASS women
and women shown in curlers are often smoking a cigarette and
in a rather untidy home environment. 卷发夹〔在旧时的小说和
影片中，妇女经常在临睡时或一大清早戴着卷发夹。她们不希望别
人，尤其是陌生男子见到自己这副模样。在英国，卷发夹被认为大
都是工人阶级妇女使用的，戴卷发夹的女人常常抽着烟，而且身处
一个邋遢的家庭环境之中〕
cur·lew /`k3lu; 'k3:lju:/ n a long-legged brownish water bird
with a long curved beak 麻鹬
cur·li·cue, curlycue /k3li kju; 'k3:likju:/n a decorative twisted
pattern, such as one made with a pen 拳曲装饰；〔文字等的〕花
curl·ing /'k3lin; 'k3:lin/ n [U] a Scottish and Canadian winter
sport played by sliding flat heavy stones (curling stones) over
ce towards a mark called the tee 〔苏格兰、加拿大的)冰上溜石
游戏
curling tongs /'· / also 又作 curling i·ron(s) /'· ·/ n [P] a
piece of electrical equipment which is heated and has a handle
joined to a metal rod (around which the hair is wound) and
another long piece of metal to keep the hair in place until a
curl is formed 卷发钳，烫发钳
curl·y /`k3lI; 'k3:li/ adj having curls or tending to curl 有鬈毛
[发]的；拳曲的：curly hair 鬈发 --iness n [U]
cur·mud·geon /ka`mvd3en; k3:'mvd3an/ n old use or humo
a bad-tempered old person【旧或幽】脾气坏的老人，老倔头 -
~ly adj
cur. rant /`k3ent; 'kvrent/ n 1 a small dried seedless GRAPE. 
especially used in baking cakes 无核小葡萄干〔尤用于制作糕
饼) ：currant buns 嵌有葡萄干的小圆面包 2 (especially in comb
尤用于复合词) the small black, red, or white juicy fruit that
grows in bunches on certain bushes 醋栗：a redcurrant 红醋栗
a blackcurrant 黑醋栗
cur·ren·cy /`k3ensi; 'kvrensi/ n 1 [C; U] the particular type of
money in use in a country 货币：the different currencies of
Europe 欧洲的各种货币 | the proposed single European cur
rency 人们提出的单一欧洲货币 | The British teachers in Chind
were paid in local currency. (=in the money of China)在中国
的英国教师的工资用中国货币支付。|currency dealers 货币商
 — see also 另见 HARD CURRENCY, SINGLE CURRENCY 2 [U
fml the state of being generally believed or accepted【正式】流
传，得到相信；被接受：Reports about the President's illness
are gaining currency among foreign journalists. 总统生病的
消息在外国记者中传播开来。
*cur. rent1 /k3ent; 'kvrent/ adj 1 belonging to the present time
of the present day 现时的，当前的，进行中的：They are expect-
ing profits of over $2 million in the current year. 他们期望今
年的利润超过200万美元。| the current issue of ‘The New
Yorker'本期《纽约人》杂志 | This word is no longe in cur
rent use. 这个词现今已不再使用。— see 参见 NEW (USAGE)
2 tech (of money) officially acceptable as currency【术语】〔货
币)通用的，流通的 — ~ly adv: The rate of inflation currently
stands at 7%. 当前的通货膨胀率是7%。
*current2n 1 [C] a continuously moving mass of liquid or gas, 
especially one flowing through slower-moving liquid or gas
流；水流；气流：The current is strongest in the middle of the river. 
河中央的水流最急。| currents of hot air热空气气流 | (ig. 
喻) the current of public opinion 舆论趋向 2 [C; U] the flow
of electricity past a fixed point 电流：This button switches the
current on. 这个电钮接通电流。 — see also 另见 ALTERNATINC
CURRENT, DIRECT CURRENT
current ac·count /'· ·，·/ BrE【英】‖ checking account AmE
【美】- n a bank account which usually earns little or no in-
terest and from which money can be taken out at any time by
cheque 支票活期存款[户]；往来账户 — compare 比较 DEPOSIT
ACCOUNT
current af-fairs /，· ·'·/ also 又作 current events - n [P] im. 
portant things that are happening in the world at the present
time 时事 - current affairs adj: a current affairs programmel
class 时事节目[课程]
current as·sets /. · '·/ n [P] ASSETS such as STOCK, money in
the form of coins or notes, and debts owed, which change
quickly in the course of day-to-day business 流动资产
current li·a-bil·i·ties /· ·'·/n [P] money which is owed to a
business and is expected to be paid within 12 months〔期限为
12个月的〕流动债务，短期负债
cur. ric. u. lum /ke`rikjelem; ke'rikjlem/n-la /-le; -le/ or -lums
a course of study offered in a school, college etc 课程：Has
computer studies been introduced into the school curriculum?
计算机学习已列入学校课程了吗？ — compare 比较 SYLLABUS, 
TIMETABLE1(2)
curriculum vi. tae /ke`rikielem`vaiti: ke. rikilem 'vi:tar/ncur-
riculum vitaes or curricula vitae /-kjele-; -kjle-/ [usually
sing. 一般用单数] fml a short written account of a person's edu-
cation and past employment; cy【正式】简历，个人履历
Cur·rie /`k3i; 'kvri/, Ed·wi·na /8d`wine; ed'wi:ne/ (1946-)a
British woman who was a CONSERVATIVE politician from 1983
until 1997， known for saying what she thinks. She has also
written several popular novels that include a lot of sex. 柯里
〔(1946-)，英国女子，1983年至1997年间为保守党政治家，以
直言不讳著称。她也著有几本包含大量性描写的流行小说】
Cur-ri-er and lves /，k3rie-end `aivz; kvrier end 'aivz/ n typi-
cal of a style of US art, named after the two men who invented
it. It shows scenes from daily life in 19th century America. 典
型美国风格的艺术〔以两位开创该风格的男子柯里尔和艾夫斯的名
字命名，描述的是19世纪美国日常生活的场景
cur-ry1/`k31; 'kvri/ n [C; U] a type of food from India and other
parts of S Asia, consisting of meat, vegetables etc cooked in a
thick often hot-tasting liquid and usually eaten with rice or
special bread 咖喱食品：I like hot curries. 我爱吃辣的咖喱食
品。| a (plate of) chicken curry with rice 一盘咖喱鸡加米饭
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK there is a joke
that young men often go to an Indian restaurant to eat a hot
curry after they have been drinking a lot in a PUB. 在英国
有一则笑话说年轻人在小酒馆里喝了太多酒以后，常常去印度
餐馆吃辣的咖喱食物
curry2v [T usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to make (meat, vege
tables etc) into a curry 把〔肉、蔬菜等〕做成咖喱食品：curried
chicken 咖喱鸡|curried eggs 咖喱鸡蛋
curry3 v [T] 1 to rub and clean (a horse) with a special comb
(currycomb)梳刷（马匹）2 curry favour to try to win atten-
tion by insincere means 讨好，奉承，拍〔某人)马屁：to curry
favour with one's teacher 讨好老师
curry pow. der /'··/ n [U] a mixture of hot SPICES (=strong. 
tasting dried vegetable parts) crushed into a fine powder, used
in cooking 咖喱粉
*curse1 /k3s; k3:s/ v 1 [T] to express a wish that great misfor-
tune will happen to (someone), especially by calling on magi-
cal powers 咒：The witchdoctor cursed me, and my chil
dren and grandchildren too. 巫医诅咒我、我的儿女以及孙子孙
女。| She cursed him for ruining her life. 她诅咒他, 说他毁了
她的一生。 — opposite 反义词 bless 2 [I; T] to swear (at)咒
骂，臭骂：She cursed the car when it refused to start. 汽车发动
不起来，她就咒骂这车子。3 be cursed with to suffer misfor-
tune or great harm because of 因·而遭殃，因··而受苦：She was
cursed with a stammer all her life. 她一生受口吃之苦
curse2n 1 [C (on)] a word or sentence asking God, heaven etc. 
0421
to make something evil or harmful happen to someone or
something. In Western countries people do not generally be-
lieve that curses can work. 诅咒，咒骂，咒语〔在西方国家，人们
一般不相信咒语会应验)：an ancient and powerful curse 古老
而恶毒的咒语 | Our tribe is under a curse. 我们的部落正受诅
咒[遭天罚]。| The witchdoctor put a curse on him. 巫医诅咒
了他。| to utter a curse 发出咒语 2 [C (to)] a cause of trouble. 
harm etc 祸因，祸根：Foxes can be a curse to farmers. 狐狸会
成为农民的一大祸害。3[C] a word or words used in swearing; 
word or words expressing anger, hate etc 骂人话：She gave a
couple of curses and then got up again. 她骂了几句脏话，然后
又站了起来。4 [the] euph slang (a time of) menstruating
(MENSTRUATE)【婉，俚】月经（期）：She's got the curse. 她来月
经了。
curs·ed /`k3sid; 'k3:sd/ also 又作 curst /k3·st; k3:st/ - adj [A]
old-fash infml hateful; annoying【过时，非正式】讨厌的，可恶的：
I wish that cursed dog would be quiet. 但愿那只可恶的狗会安
静下来。 — ~ly adv
cur. sive /`k3siv; 'k3:siv/ adj (of writing) written in a flowing
rounded style with the letters joined together; in the style of
handwriting rather than printing〔字迹〕草写（体）的；连笔的；手
写体的 — ~ly adv
cur. sor /`k3se; 'k3:se/ n a mark or a small light which can be
moved around a SCREEN'(4) connected to a computer, in order
to do operations at a particular position〔电脑的〕光标
cur. so. ry /k3seri; 'k3:sari/ adj (of work, reading etc) quick and
not thorough; done without attention to details 粗略的，草率
的，仓促的：Even a cursory glance at the report showed that
it was full of mistakes. 这报告只要粗略一看就会发现到处是错
误。--rily adv
curt /k3t; k3:t/ adj (of a person, his/her manner etc) saying too
little to be polite; BLUNT'(2)〔指人及其举止〕粗率无礼的，过分
直率的：a curt reply/manner 唐突无礼的答复；粗率的态度 -
~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
cur. tail /k3`tel; k3:'teil/ v [T] fml to reduce in degree or effect; 
limit【正式】截短，缩短，削减：Owing to the war, the govern-
ment's public health programme had to be severely curtailed
由于战争，政府的公共卫生计划不得不大大缩减。—~mentn[C; 
U]
'cur-tain1 /`k3tn; 'k3:tn/ n 1 a piece of hanging cloth that can be
pulled across to cover a window or door, to divide a room etc
窗帘；门帘；帘子：velvet curtains 丝绒窗帘 | It's getting dark-
I'd better draw the curtains. (=pull them across the window)
天黑了，我还是把窗帘拉上吧。|(fig. 喻) The castle was hid-
den behind a curtain of smoke. 这城堡被一层烟幕遮掩着。2 a
sheet of heavy material that can be lowered across the front of
a stage in a theatre （舞台上的）幕：As the curtain rises, a dead
body is seen on the stage. 帷幕拉开时，一具尸体呈现在舞台上，
3 curtain up (the time of) the raising of the curtain in the
theatre 〔剧场里的〕幕启，演出开始 — see also 另见 CURTAINS
DRAPES, IRON CURTAIN, SAFETY CURTAIN
curtain2v [T] to provide with a curtain 给··装上帘子
curtain sthg.  offphr v [T] to separate or divide off with a
curtain 用帘子把··隔开：One of the beds in the hospital ward
was curtained off. 医院病房里有一张床是用帘子隔开的。
curtain call /'. ·/ n the appearance of actors at the end of a
performance for APPLAUSE〔演员的〕谢幕：She took seven cur-
tain calls. 她谢了七次幕。
curtain hook /'. / n a small plastic or metal hook which is
joined to the back of the top of a curtain and also to a curtain
ring 窗帘挂钩：There are twenty rings and only fourteen cur-
tain hooks. 窗帘吊环有20个，但挂钩只有14个
curtain rail/'. / n a length of plastic or metal placed at the top
of a window, from which curtains hang and along which they
may be pulled 窗帘轨：The sooner the curtain rail goes up the
sooner we can have a bit of privacy. 越早把窗帘轨安上，我们
就越早可以有一些隐私。
curtain rais. er /'. . ·/n a short play acted before the main play
〔正戏前的〕开场小戏：(fig. 喻) This project is a curtain raiser
for a much bigger programme of research. 这项工程是一项更
为浩大的研究计划的前奏
curtain ring/'. / n a plastic, metal or wooden ring which con
nects with a curtain hook and moves along the curtain rail or
rod 窗帘吊环：I want some plastic curtain rings for the shower
curtain. 我需要一些塑料窗帘吊环来装浴帘
curtain rod /'. / n a rod placed at the top of a window or door
bearing rings which can move freely along its length and from
which a curtain hands 窗帘杆
cur. tains /`k3tnz; 'k3:tnz/ n [P] slang the end, especially of a
person's life【俚】死，完蛋：If your work doesn't improve it will
be curtains for you. (=you'll be dismissed)如果你的工作没有
改进，你就等着被解雇吧
curt·sy, -sey /`k3tsi; 'k3:tsi/ n a woman's act of respect to a
person of higher rank, especially to a member of a royal family, 
done by bending the knees and lowering the head and shoulders
〔女子行的〕屈膝礼 — compare 比较 BOW2 (1) - curtsy ν[I]
cur·va·ceous, -cious /k3`vefes; k3:'veifes/ adj infml, often
humor (of a woman) having a pleasingly well-developed figure, 
with attractive curves【非正式，常幽默】〔妇女〕有曲线美的，丰满
而匀称的 — ~ly adv
cur·va·ture /`k3·vetfe; 'k3:vetfe/ n [C; U] 1 the state of being
curved or the degree to which something is curved 弯曲（部
分)；曲率：the curvature of the Earth's surface 地球表面的曲
率 2 med(an) unnatural curving of a body part, usually caus-
ing pain or illness【医】〔人体的〕曲；弯：curvature of the spine
脊柱弯曲
*curve1/k3v; k3:v/ n 1 a line of which no part is straight and
which contains no angles; a rounded bend 曲线，弧线：a curve
in the road/the river 道路[河流的] 的弯曲处 2 also 又作 curve
ball /' / - (in BASEBALL) a throw in which the ball spins so
that it curves unexpectedly and is difficult to hit 〔棒球的〕旋
球，曲线球：(fig. 喻)The reporter threw the politician a curve
by asking him an unexpectea question. 记者向这位政治家提
出了一个出乎意料的问题，使他感到很突然。
curve2v [I; T] to (cause to) bend in the shape of a curve 弄弯
(使) 弯曲：The road curved to the right. 这条道路向右弯曲。
Cush·ing /`kufin; 'kufin/, Pe·ter (1913-1994) a British actor
known especially for acting in HORROR FILMS, such as Dracula
(1958) and for appearing as the character Sherlock HOLMES in
The HOUND OF THE BASKERVILLES(1959)彼得·库欣〔(1913-
1994), 英国演员，尤以演出《吸血鬼》(1958)等恐怖片及在《巴斯
克维尔庄园的猎犬》(1959)中饰演舍洛克·福尔摩斯闻名〕
cush-ion1/'kufen; 'kufan/ n 1 a bag filled with a soft sub-
stance on which a person can lie, sit, or rest comfortably 垫子，
靠垫，坐垫：He lay on the sofa with a cushion under his head. 
他躺在沙发上，头底下枕了个靠垫。 — compare 比较 PILLOW'(1)
2 something like this in shape or purpose 垫形物；起垫子作用
的东西：Hovercrafts ride on a cushion of air. 气垫船靠气垫行
驶。3 the soft rubber border on the inside edge of a table used
in the game of BILLIARDS〔台球台子的〕橡皮边，弹性衬边
cushion2v [T] 1 to reduce the force or (unpleasant) effects of
缓和··的冲击，减轻··的（令人不快的）效果：Nothing can cush
ion the shock of the tragedy. 没有什么东西能减轻这个悲剧所
造成的打击。| The training programme helps to cushion the
effects of unemployment. 职业训练计划有助于减轻失业的恶果。
2 [(against)] to protect from hardship or sudden change使免
遭困苦 [冲击]：He was cushioned against inflation by his gov-
ernment pension. 政府发给他的津贴使他免受通货膨胀的冲击。
3 [usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to provide with cushions 给
. . 
装上垫子； a cushioned seat 有垫子的座位
cush. y /`'kufi; 'kufi/ adj infml【非正式】1 (of a job, style of life
etc) needing little effort; too easy, especially in a way that
makes other people jealous〔工作、生活方式等〕轻松的，容易的，
舒适的 2 a cushy number an easy job 轻松的工作：You've
landed yourself a cushy little number here, Tom! 你谋到了一
份很轻松的工作，汤姆！ - -iness n [U]
cusp /kasp; kvsp/ n tech【术语】1 the point formed by two curves
meeting 尖（角）；双曲线交点：the cusp of the moon in its first
quarter 新月的尖角 2 the time represented by the end of one
sign of the ZODIAC and the beginning of the next 〔占星术)两宫
会切时辰：I was born on the cusp (of Capricorn and Aquarius). 
我生于（摩羯宫和宝瓶宫）两宫会切的时段。
cus. pi. dor /`kvspe, dor; 'kvspdo:/ n AmE for【美】=SPITTOON
cuss1 /kas; kvs/ n slang【俚】1 a curse 诅咒，咒骂 2 a person of
the stated, usually unpleasant kind 家伙，东西：an irritable old
cuss爱发脾气的老家伙
cuss2v [I; T] slang to curse【俚】诅咒，咒骂
cuss box /' ·/ n AmE SWEAR BOX【美】让骂人者投币的小盒子
〔以使他们停止咒骂〕
cuss·ed /kvsid; 'kvsd/ adj slang【俚】1 too unwilling to change
your opinions, actions etc, even when they are clearly mistaken; 
OBSTINATE 执拗的, 顽固的 2 rare hateful or annovin; curse
【罕】可恶的，该诅咒的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
cus. tard /`kvste-d; 'kvsted/ n 1 [U] especially BrE a yellow
liquid for pouring over sweet foods, made of sweetened milk
thickened with eggs and flour, or made with a dry mixture of
these sold as custard powder【尤英】牛奶蛋糊，蛋奶甜羹：apple
pie and hot custard 苹果馅饼和热牛奶蛋糊 2 [C; U] a soft usu-
ally baked mixture of sweetened milk and eggs 乳蛋糕：a cara-
mel custard 焦糖乳蛋糕
0422
custard cream /，· '/ n BrE a sweet BISCUIT filled with a mix-
ture tasting of custard【英】蛋奶甜饼干
custard pie /，· '/ n a flat pastry case that contains custard, or
something intended to look like custard, that is thrown at
someone. The throwing of custard pies at people is typical of
SLAPSTICK humour, both on stage and in films, and many people
consider it to be funny, 蛋奶馅饼〔或指掷到对方脸上的饼。向
人们掷蛋奶馅饼是一种典型打闹剧式的幽默，在舞台上和电影中都
有，不少人认为这很有趣〕
Cus. ter /`kasto; 'kaste/ Ge. ne. ral (1839-1876) a US soldier
who first became famous in the American CIVIL WAR. He was
killed, with all the men he was in command of, by Native
Americans from the SIOUX tribe led by CRAZY HORSE and SIT-
TING BULL, in the Battle of the LITTLE BIGHORN. This battle is
also known as Custer's Last Stand, 卡斯特〔 (1839-1876)，美
国军事家，最初在美国内战中成名。小比格霍恩河战役中，他与所
属官兵全部被“疯马”和“坐牛”率领的苏族美洲土著所杀。这场战
役又称“卡斯特的最后抵抗”
cus·to·di·al /kvs`todiel; kv'steudiel/ adj of or connected with
custody, especially of criminals〔尤指对罪犯〕监护的：看守的，
监禁的：The offender was too young to be given a custodial
sentence. (=a period in prison)这犯人太年轻，不能判处监禁。
cus·to·di·an /kvs`todien; kv'steudien/ n 1 a person in charge
of a public building: keeper of a library, castle etc. This word
is often the official title for such a person. 管理人，看守人，保
管人〔该词常作为正式头衔)：the custodian of the royal library
皇家图书馆管理员 2 fml a person with custody over someone
or something【正式】监护人：(fig. 喻) politicians who set them
selves up as custodians of public morality 把自己打扮成公共
道德监护者的政客 — ~ship n[U]
cus·to·dy /`kvstedi; 'kvstedi/ n [U] 1 [(of)] the act or right of
looking after someone and making decisions about their
education, medical treatment etc, especially when this right is
given in a court of law 监护（权）；监管：After his divorce, the
father was awarded/granted (=given) custody of the children
离婚以后，子女由父亲监护。| a terrible custody battle between
the two parents 父母双方间一场激烈的监护权之争 2 [(in, into)]
the state of being guarded, especially by the police 保管；拘
留，监禁：The man has now been taken into custody. (=he is
being kept in a police prison before going in front of a judge)
那个人现在已被监禁。| She was held in police custody for
six hours. 她被警方拘留了六小时。- — see also 另见 PROTEC-
TIVE CUSTODY
habitual practice, especially of a religious or social kind, that
is typical of a particular group of people 风俗，习惯：a tribal
custom hundreds of years old 数百年之久的部落习俗 | Social
customs vary greatly from country to country. 国与国之间的
社会习俗有很大的差异。2 [C] the habitual practice of a person
〔个人的)习惯：It was his custom to get up early and have a
cold bath. 他的习惯是很早起床并洗个冷水浴。— see 参见 HABII
(USAGE)3[U] BrE【英】‖patronage AmE【美】regular sup
port given to a shop by those who buy its goods or services〔顾
客对商店经常性的)惠顾，光顾：We lost a lot of custom when
the new supermarket opened. 新超级市场开业后，我们失去了
很多顾客。— see also 另见 CUSTOMS
custom and prac·tice /···/ n [U] (in law) an established
practice which by long continuance has earned the force of a
law or right, especially the established practice of a particular
profession, society, area etc〔法律上的〕惯例
cus·tom·a·ry /`kvstem eri; 'kvstemari/ adj fml established by
custom; usual or habitual【正式】习惯上的，通常的，惯例的：It is
customary to wear formal clothes on these occasions. 习惯上
在这些场合是穿礼服的。|“I hate it, ” he said, with his custom
ary candour. “我讨厌这样。”他带着一贯的坦率说道。-— -rily
/, kvste`merili; kvste'merli/ ady
custom-built /·. / adj (of a car, machine etc) made espe-
cially for one person or group of people〔汽车、机器等)定制
的，定做的
cus. tom. er /kvsteme; 'kvsteme/n 1 a person or organization
that buys goods or services from a shop, business etc, espe-
cially regularly 顾客，老主顾，客户：The new shop across the
road has taker away most of my customers, 马路对面那家新
开的商店把我的大部分顾客都抢走了。| This company is one
of the Post Office's biggest customers. 这家公司是邮局的最
大主顾之一。| The new sugar-free drinks were produced in
response to customer demand, 这种新的无糖饮料是按顾客的
要求生产的。| a valued customer 一位受重视的客户 - com-
pare 比较 PATRON 2 slang a person of the stated kind【俚】家
伙：an odd customer 一个古怪的人 | She's rather a tricky
customer to do business with. 她是个很难打交道的滑头家伙。
3 the customer is always right you should always show re-
spect to the customers, even if they are being very unreasona-
ble or unpleasant; a phrase that is believed to be used by people
who work in shops 顾客永远是对的〔据信该短语为商店工作人
员使用〕
□USAGE 用法说明 When people go out to buy things in
shops, they are shoppers. 人们外出去店里买东西时，被称
为 shoppers （购物者） ：a busy street full of shoppers （挤
满购物者的热闹街道)。When people buy things from a par-
ticular shop, they are that shop's customers, 人们在某家
特定的商店里购物时，他们便是那家商店的 customers(顾
客) ：Mrs Low can't come to the telephone - she's serv-
ing a customer. (洛太太不能来接电话—她正在接待顾
客。)If you are paying for professional services, e. g. from
a lawyer or a bank, you are a client, but in the case of
medical services you are a patient. 如果你接受一位律师或
一家银行的付费服务，你就是其 client(委托人，主顾)。如果
是医疗服务，你便是一个 patient （病人）。If you are stay-
ing in a hotel, you are a guest. 如果你在旅馆下榻，你就是
其 guest （客人、旅客）。If you are using transportation ser-
vices you are a passenger, though increasingly customer
is also used in this sense. 如果你乘坐交通工具，你就是其
passenger （乘客），尽管越来越多人用 customer （顾客） 〕
cus·tom·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`kvstem aiz; 'kvstemaiz
v[T] to make, build, or change especially for one person定
做，定制，按规格改制
custom-made /，· / adj (of an article of clothing, pair of
shoes etc)made specially for one person or group of people
〔衣服、鞋等〕定制的，定做的
cus·toms /`kvstemz; 'kvstemz/ n [P] 1 (often cap. 常用大写) a
place where travellers'belongings can be searched when leav-
ing or entering a country, especially to see if they are trying to
SMUGGLE anything into the country 海关：As soon as I'd got
through customs I jumped into a taxi. 我办完海关手续就跳进
了一辆出租汽车。| When you get to Customs, go straight
through the 'Nothing to declare' channel, the green one. 到
了海关，你就直接走“无申报物品”通道，即那条绿色通道。2taxes
paid on goods entering or leaving a country 关税：Have you
paid customs duty on this camera?你付了这架照相机的关税
吗？ 3 (often cap. 常用大写) the government organization es-
tablished to collect these taxes 政府的海关部门 — compare比
较 EXCISE1
customs and ex·cise /···/ n (often caps. 常用大写) the
part of the British taxation system which collects INDIRECT
taxes; these are CUSTOMS (2)， EXCISE, and VAT. Direct taxes
(taxes on people's income) are collected by the Inland
Revenue. 关税署〔英国税收体系的一部分，负责征收间接税，包括
关税、国内消费税和增值税。直接税，即按收入征收的税，由国内
税务局征收〕
customs of·fic·er /'· ，·/ also 又作 customs of·fi·cial /'· ·. ·/--
n a government official whose job is to make sure that cus-
toms duties are paid on goods entering a country, and that ille-
gal goods are not brought into the country. In films, books etc, 
customs officers usually ask 'Have you anything to declare?'
海关官员〔在电影、小说等里面，他们通常会问“你有什么要申报
吗？”)：A customs officer checked our luggage at the port. —
位海关官员在码头上检查了我们的行李。|Customs officers
seized a quarter of a million pounds' worth of heroin. 海关官
员截获了价值25万英镑的海洛因。
cut1 /kat; kvt/ v cut, present participle cutting □TO DO SOME-
THING USING A SHARP EDGE OR INSTRUMENT 用锐器切割东西
1 [I; T] to make a narrow opening in (something) with a sharp
edge or instrument, accidentally or on purpose 划破，划伤，割
破，割伤；刺伤：Be careful not to cut your fingers on the bro-
ken glass. 当心别让碎玻璃划破了手指。| I cut myself/my face
when I was shaving. 我刮胡须时割破了脸。| We had to cut
through the car door to free the trapped man. 我们不得不切
割开汽车车门把被困的人救出来。2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to re-
move from the main part of something with a sharp instrument
割下，切下，剪下，砍下，削下：I cut the picture out of the news-
paper. 我从报纸上剪下这张图片。| Cut the rind off the cheese
削掉干酪的外皮。| The surgeon cut away the diseased tissue
from the patient's lungs. 外科医生从病人的肺上切除有病变的
组织。| (fig. 喻) Some scenes have been cut from the film. 影
片中的某些场景已被剪掉。3 [T (UP)] to divide or separate with
a sharp edge or instrument 把··割开[切开，砍开]：The boys cut
the cake in two and ate half each. 这两个男孩把蛋糕一切为
0423
二，各吃一半。4 [T] to make by using a sharp instrument 剪
[割，削，砍，凿]出[成]：to cut a hole in a piece of cloth 在一块
布上剪出个洞 | We cut our way through the forest. 我们在森
林里开路前进。| I cut myself free/loose with my axe. 我用斧
子砍断绳索挣脱了束缚。5 [I+ady] to be able to be separated, 
divided, or marked with a sharp instrument_能被割开| 切开：砍
开，剪开]：A freshly baked loaf doesn't cut easily. 新烤好的面
包不容易切开。— see 参见 BREAK(USAGE)□TO MAKE SOME-
THING SMALLER OR SHORTER 使··变小[变短] 6 [T] to shorten
with a sharp instrument 把··割短，切小；剪小，剪短 a in order
to improve the appearance 为改善外观而剪短：to cut the grass/
one's fingernails 修剪草坪 [指甲] | I'm having my hair cut
tomorrow. (=someone will cut it for me)我明天理发。b before
gathering a crop 收割〔庄稼) ：to cut the corn 收割谷物 7 [T] to
make less in size, amount, value etc; reduce 减少，裁减，削减，
降低：The company has cut the workforce by half. (=reduced
the number of workers to half its former level)公司裁员一半。
The new machinery was introduced in an effort to cut labour
costs. 引进新机器是为了减少劳动成本。| Your speech is too
long- it needs cutting. 你的演说太长需要压缩。8 [T] to
put (a film or recording) into completed form by rearranging
it, removing unwanted parts etc; EDIT 剪辑〔影片、唱片等)□
TO STOP OR INTERRUPT SOMETHING 停止，中断 9 [T (OFF)] to
interrupt(a supply of gas, electricity etc)停止〔电、煤气等)的
供应：The electricity was cut (off) for two hours yesterday. 昨
天停电两小时。10 [] to stop photographing a scene when mak-
ing a film 〔拍摄电影等〕停拍：“Cut!”shouted the director. “停
拍！”导演喊道。□OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义 11 [T] to grow
(a tooth)出〔牙齿)：Our baby's just cutting her first teeth, so
she cries a lot. 我们的小宝宝正长出第一批牙，所以她老是哭。
12 [T] to hurt the feelings of, especially by saying something
nasty 伤害〔感情等)：His joke cut me deeply. 他开的玩笑深深
地刺痛了我的心。| a cutting remark 伤感情的话 13 [T] infml
to be intentionally absent from (a class, school etc)【非正式】逃
避〔上课等)：to cut a lecture 逃课 14 [I; T] to divide (a pile of
playing cards)in two before starting to play 签〔牌)，把〔一叠
牌〕分成两垛15 [T] to cross 与··相交[相切]：The line AC is
cut by line PQ at point Z. 直线AC与直线PQ 相交于Z点。| A
path had been worn in the grass where people had cut the
corner. (=gone across instead of round the edge)人们不是绕
着拐角走而是直穿草地，因此就踏出了一条小路来。16[T](ir
some sports, such as golf or cricket) to make (a ball) spin by
hitting it with a downward movement 削〔球) 17 [T] infml to
make (a RECORD2 (4)【非正式】灌制〔唱片) ：They cut their first
single in 1992. 他们在1992年灌制了第一张单歌[曲]唱片。18
[I (with)] to DILUTE; weaken the purity of 稀释；降低纯度； The
heroin was cut with powdered milk. 这些海洛因掺入了奶粉，
纯度降低了。□FIXED PHRASES 固定短语 19 cut a figure old-
fash to be impressive because of your appearance【过时】崭露
头角，大出风头，惹人注目：Sir Giles cut quite a figure (=looked
very fine) at the ball last night. 贾尔斯爵士在昨晚的舞会上真
是出尽了风头。20 cut and run slang, rather old-fash to es-
cape by running【俚，过时】撒腿就跑，急忙逃走 21 cut a swathe
hrough to destroy the main part of 大肆破坏，严重摧残：The
storm cut a swath through the town. 暴风雨严重破坏了这个城
镇。22 cut both/two ways (of an action) to have disadvan-
tages as well as advantages for both people or both sides〔行动
等)有利有弊，互有利弊 23 cut corners to do something in a
less than perfect way in order to save time, money etc 减少费
用，省力 24 cut it fine to leave yourself very little time, money
etc to do what is needed〔使用时间、金钱等〕几乎不留余地，扣
得很紧 25 cut no ice/not much ice (with) to have little or no
effect or influence (on someone), especially to fail to impress
(someone)〔对某人)不起作用，不发生影响〔尤指没有打动某人)：
Your empty promises won't cut any ice with her. 你的空洞承
诺对她不会有什么作用。26 cut your coat according to your
cloth BrE to avoid spending more than you earn【英】量入为出
27 cut your losses to stop taking part in a failing business. 
firm etc before you lose too much money及时放弃无利可图的
事 28 cut your teeth on/in (something) to gain your first ex
perience from doing(something)初次学习··，开始从事··29
cut someone (dead) to refuse to recognize someone you know. 
in order to be rude 装作没看出[认出]，不理睬：I saw Jane in
town today but she cut me dead. 我今天在镇上看到简，但她装
作不认识我。30 cut someone some slack to give someone a
little freedom to do as they wish 给某人一些自由〔按他们的想
法去做)31 cut something short to bring something to an end
suddenly and before the proper time 缩短，中断：The accident
forced them to cut their holiday shortlto cut short their
holiday. 这次事故迫使他们缩短了假期。| Well, to cut a long
story short (=without telling you all the details), we finally
reached London at four in the morning. 好吧，长话短说，我们
终于在早晨4点钟到了伦敦。32 cut the ground from under/
beneath someone's feet to destroy someone's chances of suc-
cess by taking their ideas or acting before them以先发制人的
手段破坏某人的计划[拆某人的台]：They cut the ground from
under my feet by printing a story on the same subject the
week before mine. 他们拆我的台，比我的报道早一个星期印出了
同一个题目的另一篇报道。33 cut up rough BrE infml to be-
come (violently) angry【英，非正式】发怒，冒火，大吵大闹：When
the policewoman stopped the car, its driver cut up rough and
tried to hit her. 那位女警察拦住汽车时，司机火冒三丈，试图要
揍她。
□PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
cut across sthg. phr v [T] 1 to take a shorter way across(a
field, corner etc)抄近路穿过，横越 2 to go beyond or across
the limits of 超出··的界限：a new political grouping that cuts
across party lines 超越政党界限的一个新政治分野
cut back phr v 1 [T] (cut sthg. back) to cut (a plant) close
to the stem; PRUNE2 (2)修剪〔植物) 2 [I (on); T (=cut sthg. ←
back)] to reduce (an amount spent, produced etc)削减，缩减：
We oppose any plans to cut back (on) the education budget. 
我们反对一切削减教育预算的计划。 — see also 另见 CUTBACK
cut down phr v 1 [T] (cut sthg. down) to bring down by
cutting 砍倒：to cut down a tree 把树砍倒 2 [T] (cut sbdy. 
down) to knock down, wound, or kill (someone), especially in
a cruel and unjust way〔尤以残酷和非正义的方法〕使丧命：夺去
·的健康：Several soldiers were cut down by the machine gun
fire. 机枪扫射击倒了几个士兵。| He was cut down in his prime
(=killed at the best time of life)他英年早逝。3 [I (on); T (=cut
sthg. → down)] to reduce (an amount done, eaten etc)减少，削
减：I haven't given up drinking but I'm cutting down. 我还没
有戒酒，但是减少了酒量。| The doctor told me to cut dowr
(on) smoking. 医生要我减少吸烟。4 [T] (cut sthg.  down) to
reduce the length of (a piece of clothing)改短〔衣服)：If you
cut down these trousers they'll fit your daughter. 如果你把裤
子改短，就能适合你的女儿穿。5 cut someone down to size
infml to show someone to be less good or important than they
think they are【非正式】使逊色；降低某人的威望[重要性]
cut in phr v infml【非正式】1 [I (on)] to interrupt someone
who is talking 打断别人的话，插嘴：I'm sorry to cut in on yo
ou
conversation, but. 对不起，我打断你们的谈话，但是·2[I
(on)] to drive into a space between cars in a dangerous way
〔汽车〕插到〔其他车〕的前面；超车抢道：You nearly caused a
crash by cutting in (on me) like that!你那样超（我的）车，差点
就撞车了！3 [I(on)](of a machine) to begin to operate when
needed 〔机器在需要时)发动，启动：The temperature rose, and
the fridge suddenly cut in. 气温上升，冰箱突然启动了。4 [I(on)]
to stop two people dancing in order to replace one of them 
舞5[T(cut sbdy. in)] to include (someone) in a profitable
situation 把〔某人)包括在内（分享利益） ：If you'll work on Sun-
day I'll cut you in for half the take. 如果你星期天愿意工作，我
就把收入的一半分给你
cut off phr v [T] (cut sbdy. /sthg.  off) 1 to separate by
cutting; SEVER 切掉，割断，剪断：Her little finger was cut off
in an accident at the factory. 在工厂的一次事故中，她的小指
被割断了。2 to disconnect or discontinue 中断，切断：We were
cut off in the middle of our conversation. (=the telephone was
disconnected)我们正在通话，电话线路断了。| They had their
electricity cut off because they didn't pay the bill. 他们由于没
有付电费，所以供电中断了。| The President decided to cut off
foreign aid to these countries. 总统决定停止对这些国家的援
助。3 to block off or surround so that further movement out or
in is impossible 截断，隔断，包围：The soldiers were cut off
from the main part of the army. 这些士兵同主力部队的联系被
切断了。| (fig. 喻) Mary felt cut off from her friends when we
moved. 我们搬家后，玛丽觉得和朋友隔绝了来往。4 to take away
from (a person) the right to have your property when you are
dead; DISINHERIT 剥夺〔某人)的继承权：If you marry that mar
I'll cut you off without a penny! (=leave you with no money)
如果你同那个男人结婚，你别想继承我一个铜板！5 cut off your
nose to spite your face to take action, because you are angry, 
that results in damage to yourself 拿自己出气，赌气而做出不顾
后果的事 — see also 另见 CUTOFF
cut out phr v1 [T (of)] (cut sthg.  out) to remove by cutting
割掉，剪下：She cut the advertisement out of the newspaper. 她
从报纸上剪下广告。2 [T] (cut sthg. ← out) to make by cutting
剪裁〔衣服等)：to cut out a dress 剪裁衣服 3 [T] (cut sthg. ←
out) infml to leave out; stop (especially a harmful activity)【非
正式】删除；戒除，改掉〔坏习惯等)，停止：I must cut out ciga-
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rettes/going to bed late. 我必须戒烟[改掉晚睡的习惯]。| I like
your article, but would you cut out the reference to the
Kennedys?我欣赏你这篇文章, 但你能把论及肯尼迪家族的部分
删掉吗？4 [I] (of a machine) to stop suddenly〔机器〕突然熄火
The engine keeps cutting out when I go up hills. 我（开车）爬
坡时，引擎不断熄火。5 cut it/that out infml to stop it【非正式】
停止做某事：The children were fighting so their mother told
them to cut it out or go to bed. 孩子们在打架，妈妈要他们住
手，否则都上床睡觉去。6 cut out for something/to do some
thing (usually in negatives 一般用于否定句) naturally well
suited for something 天然地适合于·：I'm just not cut out for
city life. 我生来就不适应城市生活。7 have your work cut out
for you) infml to have a lot of work to do【非正式】面临艰巨
的工作；忙得不可开交：They'll have their work cut out if they
want to build the dam in six months. 如果他们想在6个月内就
建成水坝，他们将面临艰巨的工作。 — see also 另见 CUTOUT
cut up phr v [T] (=cut sbdy. /sthg.  up) 1 to cut into little
pieces 切碎，割碎； a machine for cutting up vegetables 切菜机
2 [usually pass. 一般用于被动语态] infml to make very sad
and upset【非正式】使伤心，使难受：Alice was really cut up when
her friend died. 艾丽斯的朋友死了, 她伤心极了。 3 [I] AmE
infml to misbehave in a way that is wild and difficult to control
【美，非正式】胡闹：The students started cutting up as soon as
the teacher left the room. 老师一离开教室，学生就开始瞎胡闹
了。 — see also 另见 CUTUP
*cut2n 1 the result of cutting; an opening or wound 伤口；切口
切面：a cut in the cloth 布上 （划破） 的口子 | How did you get
that cut on your hand?你手上怎么弄了个伤口？ 2 a something
obtained by cutting, especially a piece of meat 切下的食肉；切
割下的部分：cuts of fresh lamb 新鲜羔羊肉块 — see also 另见
COLD CUTS b especially AmE a CUTTING (3)【尤美】自山丘开
凿出来的道路；路基3 [(in)] a planned reduction in size, amount
etc 削减，缩短，删节：Congress is strongly opposed to cuts in
military spending/public services. 国会强烈反对削减军事[公
用事业]开支。| tax cuts 减税 4 [(of] infml a share【非正式】
(分摊到的)份额：to take a 50% cut of the profits 取利润的
50% 5 the act of cutting (=dividing) a pile of playing cards in
two before starting to play 〔纸牌戏的〕签牌，切牌 6 the style in
which clothes are made or a person's hair is shaped 〔服装、头
发等的〕式样，类型，款式：the cut of a suit 套装式样 | a fash-
ionable cut 时髦式样 7 a quick sharp stroke in cricket, tennis
etc〔板球、网球等的〕削球，切球 8 material left out of a writter
or filmed work 〔文字或影片〕删剪掉的部分：The author/pro
ducer agreed to all the cuts we made. 作者[制片人] 对于被我
们删剪掉的部分表示同意。9 the process or product of editing
(EDIT) a film〔电影)剪辑：The director insisted on overseeing
the final cut. 导演坚持要监督最后的剪辑工作。10 a cut above
infml noticeably better than; of higher quality or rank than【非
正式】高于·一等，略胜··一筹：She thinks she's a cut above
other people. 她认为她比别人高明。11 the cut of someone's
jib BrE infml, old-fash someone's manner or appearance【英. 
非正式，过时】某人的相貌或仪表[品格]：I don't like the cut of
his jib. 我不喜欢他的相貌。12 the unkindest cut (of all) quote
a slightly changed phrase from Shakespeare's play Julius
Caesar. It concerns the knife wound given to Caesar by Brutus
whom Caesar had thought was his friend. This expression is
now used, especially in newspapers, about almost any type of
cut. People also often change it to the kindest cut (of all)
【引】最无情的一刀〔莎士比亚戏剧《尤利乌斯·凯撒》中的一句话，
稍有改动，指被凯撒视为朋友的布鲁图刺向凯撒的一刀。现在这个
表达方式几乎用来指任何一种伤口，尤其在报纸上。人们还常常改
说成“the kindest cut (of all)”): The title of the documentary
was“Caesarian Birth -The Unkindest Cut?”该纪录片的标
题是《剖腹产 —最无情的一刀？》 — see also 另见 SHORT CUT
cut-and-dried /，·· '·√ also 又作 cut-and-dry - adj already
settled and unlikely to be changed已成定局的，按预定计划的
a cut-and-dried argument 已有定论的争论 | The result of the
electior is fairly cut-and-dried, 选举结果完全成定局了。
There is no cut-and-dried solution to the problem. 那个问题
没有常规的解决方法
cut and thrust /，·'/ n [the (of)] especially BrE the methods
of arguing or behaving that are typical of any activity that tests
skill and ability【尤英】紧张激烈的争论：交锋； the cut and thrust
of parliamentary debate 议会辩论之紧张激烈
cut·a·way1 /`kvtewe; 'katewei/ adj [A] (of a plan, drawing. 
model etc) having or showing parts cut away or absent, to al-
low the inside to be seen 〔计划、图、模型等〕 剖面的：Here is a
cutaway drawing of a power-generating wind turbine. 这里
有一幅风轮发电机的剖面图
cutaway2n a TAILCOAT 燕尾服
cut-back /`kvt baek; 'kvtbaek/ n a planned decrease; reductior
to an earlier rate 削减，裁减：more cutbacks in public expendi-
ture 公共开支的进一步削减 — see also 另见 CUT back
cute /kjut; kju:t/ adj 1 (especially of something or someone
small) attractive in an amusing or interesting way 可爱的，逗
人喜爱的：漂亮的：富有奇趣的：What a cute little baby!多么可
爱的小宝宝！ | He's the cutest boy in our school. 他是我们学
校里最可爱的男孩子。2 sometimes derog (too) clever; SHREWD
【有时贬】机灵的，精明的：Be careful with him - he's a cute
operator. 对他可要小心 —- 他是个机灵鬼。 — ~ly adv — ~ness
n[U]
cut glass /，'/ n [U] glass (especially bowls or VASES) with
patterns cut on it 雕花玻璃：a cut-glass bowl 雕花玻璃碗 | My
grandmother collects cut glass. 我的祖母收集雕花玻璃制品。
cu·ti·cle /`kjutikl; 'kju:tikal/ n an outer covering of hard skin. 
especially round the lower edges of the fingernails and toenails
〔尤指甲及趾甲根部的〕表皮；角皮
cu·tie /`kjuti; 'kju:ti/ n AmE infml a pretty little child, espe
cially a girl【美，非正式】漂亮的小孩<尤指小姑娘>：Isn't she a
cutie!她是个多么漂亮的小姑娘啊!
cut·lass /`kvtles; 'kvtles/ n a short sword with a slightly curved
blade, as used formerly in the navy or by a PIRATE(旧时海军或
海盗使用的〕短剑，短弯刀
cut·ler /`kvtle; 'kvtle/ n a person who makes or sells knives etc
刀剪匠，刃具工人：刃具商人
cut·le·ry /`kvtleri; 'kvtleri/ also 又作 flatware, silverware AmE
【美】- n[U] knives, forks, spoons, and other instruments used
for eating 〔西餐的〕刀叉餐具：a set of cutlery 一套西餐餐具
cut·let /`kvtlit; 'kvtlt/ n 1 a small piece of meat for one person
cut with a bone connected to it 〔供一人吃的一份〕肉排，厚肉片：
lamb cutlets 小羊排 2 a flat CROQUETTE 炸肉饼：vegetarian
cutlets 炸素薄饼
cut·off /`kvt, of; 'katpf/ n 1 a fixed limit or stopping point停
止，中止；截止点：The machine will stop when it reaches its
cutoff point. (=when it has worked enough)机器达到截止点时
就会停止工作。2 an apparatus for stopping or controlling the
flow of water, gas, steam etc in a pipe 截断装置 — see also 另
见 CUTOFFS, CUT off
cut·offs /`kvt ofs; 'kvtofs/ n [P] especially AmE shorts made
by cutting off the legs of JEANS or trousers【尤美】〔在牛仔裤或
便裤的膝盖上方处剪去裤管而成的〕毛边短裤 — see 参见PAIR
(USAGE)
cut·out /kvt aut; 'kataut/ n 1 something that interrupts or dis-
connects an electric CIRCUIT when a current that is too heavy
is passing through 〔电器的〕断流器，保险装置：a cutout switch/
fuse 断路开关；断流保险丝 2 a figure cut out of wood or paper
纸剪[木头刻]的图形：a cardboard cutout of George Bush 用
硬纸板剪成的乔治·布什像 — see also另见 CUT out
cut-price / ·√ adj [A] 1 also 又作 cut rate - sold at a price
or rate below the standard charge; cheap 减价的，削价的，廉价
的：cut-price food/petrol 减价食品[汽油]| Large industrial
users can buy cut-rate electricity, 大的工业用户可以得到廉价
用电。2(of a shop) selling goods at reduced prices〔商店等)售
减价商品的：a cut-price garage 减价加油站
cut·purse /`'kvt, p3·s; 'kvtp3:s/n old use a PICKPOCKET【旧】小
偷，扒手
cut. ter /`kvto; 'kvte/ n 1 a a small fast boat belonging to a
larger ship, especially used for moving supplies or passengers
to and from the land 大轮船的驳船，小艇 b a lightly armed gov-
ernment ship used for preventing smuggling (SMUGGLE)缉私
巡逻快艇 2(often in comb. 常构成复合词) an instrument used
for cutting 切割、剪削器具[机械]：a pair of wire-cutters 钢丝
(轧断)钳，铁丝剪3 a worker whose job is cutting cloth, glass. 
stone, metal etc从事切削、剪割的人<如服装剪裁师、影片剪辑员、
采石工等>
cut·throat'/`kat. 0rot; 'kvt0reut/ adj very fierce, cruel, or un
principled 残酷的，无情的，蛮横无理的：cutthroat competition
in business 商业上无情的竞争
cutthroat2n 1 especially old use a murderer; fierce criminal
【尤旧】凶手，谋杀者，凶残的人 2 also 又作 cutthroat ra·zor /，
'·/ - an old-fashioned type of RAZOR with a very sharp oper
blade 旧式剃刀
cut·ting' /`kvtin; 'kvtin/ n 1 a stem, leaf etc, that is cut from a
plant and put in soil or water to form roots and grow into a new
plant(用来插种的)插枝，插条：Do you mind if I take a cutting
from this plant?我从这树上取根插条可以吗？ 2 BrE【英】‖clip-
ping AmE【美】- an article, photograph etc that is cut out from
a newspaper or magazine 剪报，杂志上剪下的资料：a cutting
from an old newspaper 从一张旧报纸上剪下的资料 | a cut
tings filellibrary for use by researchers 剪报夹；供研究人员使
0425
用的剪报资料室 3 also 又作 cut AmE【美】- something pro
duced by cutting, especially a passage cut through a hill for a
road or railway 自山丘开凿出来的道路等；路基
cutting2 adj bitter or severe; causing pain 刺骨的；尖刻的，伤人
感情的：a cutting east wind (=strong and cold)刺骨的东风 | a
cutting remark (=unpleasant and unkind)尖酸刻薄的话 — ~ly
adv
cutting edge /，·'·/ n [S; U] 1 the quality of sharp directness
especially in speaking or writing〔尤指言语等的〕尖刻，尖锐
2 the most advanced position, where important action is taker
先锋地位：This new model is at the cutting edge of computer
technology. 这种新机型处于电脑技术（发展）的先锋地位。
cutting room /'· / n 1 a room where a film is cut and the final
form prepared 电影剪辑室 2 on the cutting room floor infml
useless, worthless, unwanted【非正式】没有用的：无价值的：多
余的：I suppose I'll be on the cutting room floor when they
announce the redundancies. 我猜想，他们宣布裁员以后我就派
不上用场了
cut·tle·fish /`kvtl fif; 'kvtl, fif/ n cuttlefish a sea animal like a
SQUID with a hard body and ten arms (TENTACLEs) that puts
out a black inky liquid when attacked-乌贼，墨鱼
Cut·ty Sark, the / kvti`sark; kvti 'sa:k/ a CLIPPER (=fast sail
ing ship) which was built in 1869 and carried tea from China
to England. It is now a MUSEUM ship at GREENWICH in London. 
“卡蒂萨克”号帆船〔1869年建造的一艘快速帆船，负责将茶叶从
中国运到英格兰，现已成为一座船上博物馆，停泊在伦敦的格林尼
治〕
cut·up /`kvt, ap; 'kvtap/ n AmE a person who entertains others
by behaving in an amusing way【美】插科打诨的人 — see also
另见CUT up
Cuz. co /'kusko; 'kuskeu/ a city in southern Peru, once the most
important city of the Inca people, with many palaces and
temples. Much of ancient Cuzco was destroyed by the Spanish
in 1533. 库斯科〔秘鲁南部的一座城市，曾是印加人最重要的城
市，建有许多宫殿和庙宇。1533年，该古城的大部分毁于西班牙
人手中〕
CV /，sI`vI; , si: 'vi:/ n BrE abbrev. for 缩写= curriculum vitae; a
short written account of your education and your previous jobs
which you send to an employer when you are looking for a
new job; RESUME【英】履历（书），简历 （书） ：Try and get some
experienc in sale -- it voula look good on your CV. 尝试取
得一些销售经验—这会在你的简历中派上用场
cwm /kum; ku:m/ n a short valley in Wales〔威尔士的)山溪，狭谷
cwt written abbrey, for 缩写= HUNDREDWEIGHT
cy·an /`saiaen; 'saien/ adj deep greenish-blue 带绿的深蓝色的
青色的 - cyan n[U]
cy·a·nide /`saie, naid; 'saienaid/ n [U] a very strong poison〔化
学)氰化物：Their spies are instructed to swallow cyanide cap
sules if they are caught. 他们的间谍受到指示，万一被抓获就吞
下氰化物胶囊（自杀）。
cy·ber·net·ics /saibe`ntiks; saibe'netiks/ n [U] the scientific
study of the way in which information is moved about and
controlled in machines, the brain, and the nervous system 控制
论〔对信息在机器、大脑和神经系统中的传递和控制的研究〕--ic
adj - -ically /-kli; -kli/ adv
cy·ber·space /`saibe spes; 'saibespeis/ n [U] a word from SCI-
ENCE FICTION, used to mean the place where electronic messages. 
information, pictures etc exist when they are sent from one
computer to another〔虚拟的〕电子信息世界，电子空间〔语出科
幻小说，指电子信息、图像等在由电脑传递的时候所处的空间)：
We didn't meet in San Francisco-we met in cyberspace!我
们不是在圣弗朗西斯科碰到的——我们相见在电子空间！
cy. borg /`saiborg; 'saibo:g/ n a man-like creature that is partly
human and partly machine 电子人，半机械人
Cyc·la-des, the /`siklediz; 'sikledi:z/ [the+P] a group of Greek
islands in the Aegean Sea, including Naxos and Paros 基克拉
泽斯群岛〔爱琴海中的一群希腊岛屿，包括纳克索斯岛和帕罗斯岛〕
cy·cla·mate /`saikle met; 'siklemeit/ n [C; U] any of various
artificial sweeteners, used (especially formerly) by people try. 
ing to avoid sugar 糖精；食糖代用品
cyc-la·men /`siklemen; 'siklemen/ n cyclamen a plant of the
PRIMROSE family, with white, purple, pink, or red flowers仙
客来（属植物）
cy. cle1 /saikl; 'saikal/ n 1 a number of related events happen-
ing in a regularly repeated order 循环，周而复始：the cycle of
the seasons 四季的周而复始 | the seemingly endless cycle o
violence in this troubled part of the world 在世界上这一麻烦
地区的似乎无休止的暴力事件 — see also 另见 LIFE CYCLE 2 the
period of time needed for this to be completed 周期：a 50
minute cycle 50分钟周期 3 a group of songs, poems etc con-
nected with some central event or person〔表现同一事件或人物
的〕组歌[组诗]
*cycle2n a bicycle 自行车，单车：My cycle's been stolen. 我的自
行车被偷走了。— see 参见 BICYCLE (USAGE)
cycle3 v [I+adv/prep] to travel by bicycle 骑自行车：Do you
cycle to work?你骑自行车上班吗？| He goes cycling every
weekend. 他每个周末都去骑车兜风
cy·clic /`saiklik; 'saiklik/ also 又作 cy·cli·cal ^saiklikl; 'saiklikel/
- adj fml happening in cycles【正式】循环的，周期的：cyclical
changes in the level of business activity 商业活动规模的周期
性变化 — ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
cy·clist /`saiklist; 'saiklst/ n 1 a person riding a bicycle 骑自行
车的人：I overtook a group of cyclists. 我追过了一群骑自行车
的人。| a cyclist's helmet 自行车骑手的头盔 2 a person who
is able to ride a bicycle 会骑自行车的人：I'm not much of a
cyclist (=I am not good at riding a bicycle) , I'm afraia. 我恐怕
不大会骑自行车。
cy. clo-cross /`saiklo kros; 'saikleu kros/ n [U] the sport of
racing bicycles over rough ground, usually including carrying
the bicycle up and down steep slopes. Cyclo-cross bicycles
are lighter and have much narrower wheels than MOUNTAIN
BIKES. 自行车越野赛〔越野自行车比山地自行车轻，轮胎要窄得
多〕
cy·clone /`saiklon; 'saikleun/ n a very violent tropical wind or
storm moving very rapidly in a circle round a calm central
area 旋风，气旋，暴风；龙卷风 — compare 比较 HURRICANE
TYPHOON; see also 另见 ANTICYCLONE; see 参见 STORM (USAGE)
cy·clops /`saiklaps; 'saiklops/ n a GIANT in ancient Greek sto-
ries who only had one eye, in the middle of his forehead 〔希腊
神话的〕独眼巨人
cy·clo·style /`saikle, stail; 'saiklestail/ BrE【英】‖mimeograph
AmE【美】- ν[T] to make (a document etc) cheaply using a
special apparatus that makes a STENCIL from which copies are
made 用油印机印：a cyclostyled newsletter 油印机印的廉价报
纸
cy. clo·tron /`saikletran: 'saikletron/n a piece of equipment used
by scientists to find out about the nature of matter. It makes
small pieces of atoms called PARTICLES travel in a circular path
at an increasingly high speed 回旋加速器〔科学家用于研究物质
性质的一种设备，它能使粒子在一个环形轨道中不断加速前行〕
compare 比较 LINEAR ACCELERATOR
cy. der /`said; 'saide/n BrE【英】= CIDER
cyg·net /`signit; 'signt/ a young SWAN 小天鹅
cyl·in·der /`silimde; 'silnde/ n 1 a hollow or solid shape with
a circular base and straight sides 圆柱体 2 an object or con-
tainer shaped like this, especially a hollow metal tube 圆筒，钢
瓶，钢筒：a cylinder of oxygen 氧气瓶 3 the tube within which
a PISTON moves backwards and forwards in an engine or piece
of machinery 〔机械的)汽缸：an engine with four/six cylinders
四[六] 汽缸引擎 |brake cylinders 制动圆筒[汽缸]
cy. lin-dri. cal /si`lindrikl; s'lindrikal/ adj in the shape of a cyl
inder 圆柱体的：Beer cans are cylindrical. 啤酒罐是圆柱体的。
 — ~ly /-kli; -kli/ adv
cym. bal /`simbl; 'simbal/ n either of a pair of round thin metal
plates that are struck together to make a loud ringing noise
used in music （乐器中的）铙钹，钗钹：a clash of cymbals 铙钹
的响声 — ~ist n
Cym·ru /kamri; 'kamri/ the Welsh name for WALES 威尔士〔威
尔士语
cyn-ic /`sinik; 'sinik/ n sometimes derog someone who thinks
that people tend to act only in their own interests, and who
always has a low opinion (sometimes unfairly) of people's rea-
sons for doing things【有时贬】愤世嫉俗的人，讽世者；认为人的
动机皆自私者：“I'm sure she's only pretending to be ill, to get
people's sympathy. ” \"Honestly, Sue, you're such a cynic!\" “我
肯定她只是在装病，想博取别人的同情。” “说实话，休，你真是个好
挖苦人的家伙！” — ~ism /`sinesizem; 'sinsizam/ n [U]:ap-
palled by the cynicism of the government's proposals 对政府
计划的怀疑态度感到震惊
cyn·i. cal /`simikel; 'sinikal/ adj sometimes derog like or typical
of a cynic【有时贬】愤世嫉俗的；冷嘲热讽的：cynical remarks
behaviour冷嘲热讽的话; 玩世不恭的态度 | She was very cyni-
cal about the peace conference and said the President was
only there to boost his popularity. 她对和平会议采取讥讽的态
度，说总统出席只是为了抬高自己的名望。 — ~ly/-klr; -kli/ adv
cy. no·sure /`saine fur; 'sainefue'/n fml or pomp a person o
thing that is a centre of attention or interest【正式或夸张】引起
众人注目| 兴趣]的人| 事物]
cy·pher /`saife; 'saife/ n, v CIPHER 密码；使用密码；将·译成密码
cy·press /saipres; 'saiprs/ n a tree with dark green leaves and
0426
hard wood. It does not lose its leaves in winter. 柏树，柏属植物
Cy. prus /`saipres; 'saipres/ a large island in the E Mediterra-
nean Sea. Population: 725, 000 (1994). Capital: Nicosia. Cyprus
has a large Greek population in the south and a small Turkish
population in the north, and there was a CIVIL WAR between
these two groups from 1963 to 1964. 塞浦路斯〔塞浦路斯岛是
地中海东部的一个大岛。人口：725, 000(1994)，首都：尼科西亚。
大部分居民为希腊人，住在南部地区，一小部分为土耳其人，住在
北部。1963年至1964年间，这两个民族之间发生内战〕-Cy
priot n, adj
Cy. ril-lic /si`rilik; s'rilik/ adj, n [U] the Cyrillic alphabet is the
form of writing used in Russian, Bulgarian, several other
SLAVONIC languages, and Mongolian 西里尔字母（的）〔俄语
保加利亚语等斯拉夫语以及蒙古语所使用的字母〕 — compare 比
较 ROMAN ALPHABET
cyst /sist; sist/ n an enclosed hollow growth in or on the body. 
containing liquid matter 囊肿：She had an operation to re-
move a cyst. 她动过手术切除了囊肿。| a benign/malignant
cyst 良性[恶性]囊肿
cys. tic fi. bro. sis /sistik fai`brosis; , sistik fai'breuss/ n [U] a
long-lasting serious disease that some people are born with
which damages the GLANDS of the body. It sometimes results
in early death. 囊状纤维变性，囊肿性纤维化〔一种损害人体腺体
的（先天性）疾病，有时会导致患者早亡〕
cyst. i. tis /sis`taitis; si'staits/ n [U] a disease of the BLADDER
especially of women, in which water must be passed frequently
from the body, often with pain and difficulty 膀胱炎
cy. tol. o. gy /sai`taled3i; sai'toled3i/ n [U] the scientific study
of cells 细胞学 - -gist n
Cy Young A. ward, the /，sai `jvn e, word; sai 'jvn e, wo:d/ a
prize given every year to the most successful PITCHER (=the
player who throws the ball) in the AMERICAN LEAGUE and the
NATIONAL LEAGUE of US BASEBALL. It is named after the fa
mous pitcher Cy YOUNG. 赛伊·扬奖〔一年一度颁发给美国棒球
联盟和全国棒球联盟中最佳投球手的奖项，以著名投球手赛伊·扬
的名字命名〕
czar, tsar, tzar /zar; za:/ n (until 1917) the male ruler of Russia
〔1917年以前的〕俄国沙皇 — see also 另见 DRUG CZAR
cza·ri·na. tsarina, tzarina /zo`rine; za:'ri:ne/ n (until 1917)
the female ruler of Russia, or the wife of the czar 〔1917年以前
的〕俄国女沙皇；沙皇皇后
czarism, tsarism, tzarism /za`rizem; za:'rizem/ n [U] the sys. 
tem of government in Russia until 1917， when the country was
ruled by the czar 〔1917年以前的)俄国沙皇统治制度 - czarist, 
tsarist adj, n
Czech·o. slo·vak. i. a /，tfkeslo`vaekie; , tfekesleu'vaekie/a
former country in central Europe, which divided in 1993 into
two separate countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia 捷克
斯洛伐克〔原先为欧洲中部的一个国家，1993年分裂成两个独立
的国家：捷克共和国和斯洛伐克〕
Czech Re-pub-lic, the /. '·/ a country in central Europe, be-
tween Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria. Population:
10, 330, 000(1994). Capital: Prague. Until 1993 it was part of
Czechoslovakia. 捷克共和国〔欧洲中部一国，与德国、波兰、斯洛
伐克以及奥地利接壤。人口：10, 330, 000(1994)，首都：布拉格。
1993年之前为捷克斯洛伐克的一部分〕 - Czech n, adj
0427
D. d /di; di:/ D's, d's or Ds, ds 1 the fourth letter of the English
alphabet 英语字母的第4个字母 2 the ROMAN NUMERAL
(number) for 500罗马数字的500
D 1 the second note in the musical SCALE of C, or the musical
KEY based on this note C大调音阶的第二个音符； D音； D调 2 a
GRADE given to a student's work. An exam or piece of written
work that gets a D is not very good and is below the average
grade. D分〔学生学业成绩在平均分以下的不良等级)：I got aD
in/for Chemistry. 化学我得了个D分。- — see also 另见 D AND
C, D-DAY, D-NOTICE
d written abbrev. for 缩写= died 死于：d 1937死于1937年
d'short for 缩略形式= (infml 非正式) do: D'you like it?你喜欢
它吗？
-'d short for 缩略形式= 1 would: I asked if she'd go. (=if she
would go)我问她去不去。2 had: I asked if she'd gone. (=if
she had gone)我问她去了没有。3 infml【非正式】(in questions
after 在以 where, what, when etc等引出的问句中) did: Where'd
he go? (=Where did he go?)他去了哪里？ — compare 比较 's
(3)
DA/, di`e; di: 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写= a DISTRICT ATTORNEY
dab1/daeb; daeb/ n 1 a slight or light touch 轻拍，轻涂，轻扑：He
made a few dabs at the fence with the paintbrush but it didn't
really have much effect. 他用油漆刷子在栅栏的几处地方轻轻
刷了几下，但并没起到多大作用。2 infml a small quantity of a
soft or liquid substance【非正式】〔软物或液体的〕少量，些许：a
dab of paintlof butter 轻轻涂上的少量油漆；一小块黄油 3 a DAB
HAND行家，高手，好手 — see also 另见 DABS
dab2v-bb- 1 [I (at); T] to touch lightly or gently, usually sev-
eral times 轻敷，轻擦，轻抚：She dabbed (at) the wound with a
wet cloth. 她用湿布轻轻揩了揩伤口。2 [T (on)] to cover with
light quick strokes and usually carelessly and incompletely〔马
虎地)涂，抹：She dabbed some cream on her face. 她在脸上随
便抹了些雪花膏
dab. ble /`daebl; 'daebal/ v1 [I(at, in)] sometimes derog to work
at or study something without serious intentions【有时贬】涉
足，浅尝：to dabble in politics 涉猎政治 | I've dabbled in sculp
ture a bit. 我学过一点雕塑。2 [T (in)] to move (one's hands
feet etc) playfully about in water 玩水，嬉水：She dabbled her
toes in the river. 她把脚趾浸在河里玩水。- -bler n
dab hand /， '·/ also 又作 dab - n [(at)] BrE infml a persor
who is very good at something【英，非正式】行家，高手，好手
She's a dab hand at sailing. 她是驾帆船的好手。
dabs /daebz; daebz/ n [P] BrE slang for【英俚】= FINGERPRINTS
Dac. ca /`daeke; 'daeke/ the old spelling of Dhaka, the capital of
Bangladesh 达卡〔孟加拉首都 Dhaka 的旧式拼法)
dach. a /datfe; 'daetfe/ n a Russian country house or COTTAGE
〔俄罗斯的〕乡间别墅
Dach. au /`dakau; 'daekau/ a CONCENTRATION CAMP in S Ger
many in which many Jews and other prisoners were killed dur-
ing World War II 达豪集中营〔位于德国南部的一处集中营，第
. 次世界大战期间，许多犹太人以及其他犯人在此遭到杀害
dachs-hund /`daks hund; 'daekshund/ also 又作 sausage dog
BrE infml【英，非正式】— n a small dog with short legs and a
long body 达克斯猎狗；猎獾狗〔一种身长腿短的狗〕
Dac. ron /`dekran; 'daekron/ trademark a type of SYNTHETIC
(=man-made) material for making clothes. Clothes made from
Dacron tend to be regarded as unfashionable by younger people. 
【商标】涤纶，的确凉〔一种合成的服装面料。用这种面料制作的服
装在年轻人看来已过时〕
dac. tyl /`daekt]; 'daektil/ n tech a measure of poetry consisting
of one strong (or long) beat followed by two weak (or short)
beats, as in ‘carefully'【术语】〔诗的〕扬抑抑格〔一个强音或长音
后接两个弱音或短音，如carefully 这个词〕 — ~ic /daek`tilik; 
daek'tilik/ adj, n
dad /daed; daed/ n infml father【非正式】爸爸，爹爹：What are you
doing, dad? 你在干什么，爸爸？ | I'll have to ask my mum and
dad. 我必须问问我的妈妈和爸爸。— see 参见 FATHER(USAGE):
see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Addressing People
Da. da. is. m /dada-izem; 'da:da:-izam/ also又作Da. da dada; 
'da:da:/-n [U] a movement in European art and literature in
the early 20th century, in which artists and writers aimed to
shock people by deliberately ignoring accepted ideas and pro-
ducing strange, unexpected images. Dadaism was the main
influence on surrealism which developed from Dadism in
the 1920s. 达达主义〔20世纪早期欧洲的一次文艺运动，其中，艺
术家和作家为达到令人震惊的目的而故意忽视传统思想，塑造出乎
人们意料的怪诞形象。超现实主义主要是受了达达主义的影响，20
世纪20年代时由达达主义发展而成〕
dad·dy /`daedi; 'daedi/ n (used especially by or to young children)
father 〔尤用于儿语〕 爸爸，爹爹：Daddy's home! 爸爸回家了！
That's my daddy. 那是我爸爸。- — compare 比较 MUMMY'; see
also 另见 SUGAR DADDY; see 参见 FATHER (USAGE); see 参见
LANGUAGE NOTE: Addressing People
daddy long·legs /，daedi `lonlegz; daedi 'lonlegz/ n pl. daddy
longlegs 1 also 又作 crane fly fml【正式】- BrE a flying in-
sect with long legs【英】长脚蚊 2 AmE an insect with long legs
that is similar to a SPIDER【美】盲蜘蛛，长脚蜘蛛
Daddy War. bucks /，daedi`worbaks; , daedi 'wo:bvks/ a charac-
ter in the US CARTOON STRIP LITTLE ORPHAN ANNIE. He is a
rich businessman who takes care of a young girl called Annie. 
whose parents are dead. 沃巴克斯老爹〔美国连环漫画《小孤女
安妮》中的人物。他是一位富有的商人，照管着父母双亡的小女孩
安妮〕
da. do /`dedo; 'deideu/ n pl. -does the lower part of a wall in a
room that is decorated differently, e. g. with different-coloured
paint, from the upper part 护壁（板），墙裙〔室内墙下面与墙身
不同的部分〕
Dad's Ar. my /'. / a humorous British television programme
(1968-1977) about a group of men who were part of the HOME
GUARD in a small southern English town during World War II. 
Their job was to defend the town if German forces attacked it, 
but they were very badly organized, and everything they did
went wrong. 《老兵军团》〔1968年至1977年播出的一部英国电
视喜剧，讲述第二次世界大战期间英国南部小镇上一群国民军的故
事。他们的任务是在德军来犯时保卫该镇，但是他们组织散漫，做
什么事都不行〕
Dae-dalus /dedles; 'di:dales/ in ancient Greek stories, an in-
ventor who designed the LABYRINTH on the island of CRETE
where the King of Crete kept the MINOTAUR. He later escaped
from Crete with his son ICARUS, by flying away using wings
made of feathers and WAX. 代达罗斯〔古希腊神话中的发明家，
曾为克里特国王在克里特岛上建造了关押弥诺陶洛斯的迷宫。后
来，他用羽毛和蜂蜡做成翅膀与儿子伊卡洛斯一起逃出克里特岛〕
dae. mon /dimen; 'di:men/ n lit【文】1(in ancient Greek stories)
a being like a spirit, halfway between gods and humans〔希腊
神话中的〕半神半人的精灵，半神 2 a spirit that fills a person
with the power to think, do, or make new things 守护神，护灵
 — compare 比较 DEMON — ~ic /di`manik; di'monik/ adj: a
daemonic laugh 一阵狂笑 — ~ically /-kli; -kli/ adv
daf·fo·dil /`daefedil; 'daefedil/ also 又作 daff /daef; daef/ infml
【非正式】— n a very common bell-shaped pale yellow flower
of early spring 水仙（花），黄水仙
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The daffodil is the na-
tional flower of Wales. On St David's Day, the Welsh na-
tional day, some Welsh people wear a daffodil on their
coat. There is a famous English poem about daffodils, by
William Wordsworth, which most British people know. It
begins 水仙花是威尔士的民族之花。在威尔士的民族节日圣
大卫节那天，有些威尔士人在衣服上别一朵水仙花。威廉·华
兹华斯创作的描写水仙的英语名诗在英国广为人知。开头是
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd
A host of golden daffodils. 
独自漫游似浮云
青山翠谷上飘荡：
刹那瞥见一丛丛
簇簇水仙金黄。
Daf. fy Duck /，daefi`dak; daefi 'dvk/ a black duck who is a char-
acter in CARTOON films made by WARNER BROS, and who be-
0428
haves in a silly way and cannot say the sound 's' properly_达菲
鸭〔由华纳兄弟公司制作的动画片中的黑鸭子，它举止愚蠢，“s”音
发不清楚
daft /daeft; da:ft/ adj infml, especially BrE silly; foolish【非正
式，尤英】愚蠢的，笨的：a daft idea 一个笨主意 | What a daft
thing to say! 怎么说这样的傻话！ — ~ly adv - — ~ness n [U]
dag. ger /`daega; 'daege/ n 1 a short pointed knife used as a
weapon, especially formerly 短剑，匕首：He sheathed his dag
ger again. 他又把短剑插入鞘内。2 also 又作 obelisk - a sigr
()used in printing to draw the reader's attention to something
剑号(t)〔印刷品中用以引起读者注意的符号)3 at daggers
drawn (with someone) in a state of open dislike and readi. 
ness to fight (with someone)〔与某人)剑拔弩张，反目成仇，势
不两立 4 Is this a dagger which I see before me? quote a line
from Shakespeare's play Macbeth, said by Macbeth when he
is preparing to murder the king. He imagines a dagger with
blood on it in the air in front of him. 【引】我眼前所见的就是这
柄短剑吗？〔莎士比亚戏剧《麦克白》中麦克白准备刺杀国王时所说
的一句话，他想像有柄带血的短剑飘浮在眼前)5look daggers at
to look angrily at; GLARE at 对··怒目而视 - — see also 另见
CLOAK-AND-DAGGER
dago /`dego; 'deigeu/ n -gos or -goes derog taboo a very of-
fensive word for a person, especially a man, from Spain, Por
tugal, or Italy【贬，讳】拉丁佬〔尤指西班牙、葡萄牙或意大利人
此称呼被视为是侮辱性的〕
da·guer·reo·type /de`gEre taip; de'gereutaip/ n [C; U] a kind
of early photograph〔早期的〕银版照相（法）
Dag. wood /`daegwud; 'daegwud/ a character in the US CAR
TOON STRIP BLONDIE. Dagwood is married to Blondie, and he
is known for being lazy. 达格伍德〔美国连环漫画《金发女》中的
人物，他与金发女结为夫妇，以懒惰闻名〕
Dagwood sand-wich /'··/ n AmE a very large SANDWICH
with many different kinds of meat and cheese in it【美】〔夹有
多种肉类和干酪的〕（特大）多层三明治，千层三明治
Dahl /dal; da:l/, Ro. ald /`roeld; 'reueld/ (1916-1990) a British
writer known especially for his very popular children's books
which are often both funny and frightening, such as Charlie
and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach
达尔〔(1916-1990)，英国作家，以糅和了滑稽与恐怖的儿童畅销
读物，如《查理和巧克力工厂》、《詹姆斯和大桃子》等闻名〕
dah-li. a /daelje; 'deilie/ n a big brightly coloured garden flower
with a lot of pointed PETALS 大丽花，天竺牡丹
Dah·mer /`dame; 'da:me/. Jef. frey /`d3fri; 'd3efri/(1960
1994) a US man who killed 17 men and boys between 1978
and 1991 and kept parts of their bodies in his home 达尔〔 (1960
1994), 美国人，曾于1978年至1991年间谋杀了17名男子和男
童，并把他们的部分尸体藏在家中〕
Dail, the /doil; doil/ also 又作 Dail Ei·reann /doil `eren; doi
earen/ fml【正式】- the LOWER HOUSE in the Republic of
Ireland. The upper house is called the Senate, or the Seanad
Eireann. 爱尔兰众议院〔其参议院称 Senate 或 the Seanad
Eireann
dai·lies /`deliz; 'deiliz/ n [P] 1 DAILY PAPERS 日报 2 AmE for
【美】=RUSHES
每天的，每个工作日的；按日地，日常地：my daily journey to work
我每天上班的路程 |She goes there twice daily. 她每天去那里
两次。| a daily newspaper 一份日报 | She gets paid daily, 她
按日领工资。| She is paid on a daily basis. 她的工作按日计
酬。
daily2 n 1 [usually pl. 一般用复数] a DAILY PAPER〔除星期日以
外]每天出版的报纸；日报 2 also又作 daily help /，· ·/ — infml
especially bre someone. especially a woman. who comes to
clean a house daily but does not live there【非正式，尤英】每天
来做家务的（女）佣人
daily bread /· '/ n [U] infml【非正式】1 food, money, and other
things necessary for life (especially in the phrase 尤用于短语
earn one's daily bread 谋生)生计 2 Give us this day our
daily bread, quote a phrase from the Lord's Prayer, asking
God to provide food each day【引】我们日常的饮食，今日赐给
我们〔主祷文中的一句话，祈求上帝每天赐予食物〕
daily doub. le /· '·/ n AmE a single BET on the results of two
horse or dog races in a row【美】〔赛马或赛狗中的〕双赌法
Daily Ex. press. The /. . . '/ the former name of The EXPRESS
《每日快报》〔《快报》的旧称〕
Daily Mail, The /· '/ also 又作 The Mail a British daily TAB. 
LOID newspaper which usually supports the ideas of the CON
SERVATIVE PARTY. It is a less serious newspaper than papers
like The Times or the Guardian, but more serious than papers
like the Sun. 《每日邮报》〔英国的一份支持保守党观点的每日小
报，与《泰晤士报》和《卫报》等相比，严肃性不强，但要比《太阳报》
等更具严肃性〕
Daily Mir-ror, The /，· '·/ the former name of The MIRROR《每
日镜报》〔《镜报》的旧称〕
daily pa·per /，· '·/ n also 又作 daily infml【非正式】- a news-
paper printed and sold every day except Sunday 〔除星期日以
外]每天出版的报纸；日报 — see also 另见 SUNDAY PAPER
Daily Plan. et, The /，. ·/ the imaginary newspaper that Clark
KENT and Lois LANE work for in the SUPERMAN stories《每日星
球报》〔超人系列故事中，克拉克·肯特与露易丝·莱恩编辑的一份
假想的报纸
Daily Tel·e. graph, The /，· '··/ also 又作 The Telegraph a
serious British daily newspaper which usually supports the
ideas of the CONSERVATIVE PARTY. Although many types of
people read the Daily Telegraph, including many young busi-
ness people, the typical Telegraph reader is often thought of
as a RETIRED (=someone who does not work any more) army
officer with very old-fashioned, traditional ideas. 《每日电讯报》
〔英国的一份支持保守党观点的严肃性日报，尽管该报的读者群为
包括不少年轻企业家在内的各类人士，但其典型的读者常常被认为
是退伍军官，思想过时、传统〕
Daim. ler /demle; 'deimle/ trademark a type of large, expen. 
sive, and comfortable car. Daimlers are made by the same com-
pany that makes JAGUAR cars, and they are very similar to Jag-
uars. They are typically thought of as being driven by wealthy. 
older people. 【商标】“戴姆勒”牌汽车〔一种大型、舒适的豪华汽
车，由“美洲虎”牌汽车的生产商制造，两者车型也极其相似，一般
被认为由上了年纪的富人所驾驶
Daimler-Benz /，demla `banz; , deimle 'benz/ trademark the
official name of the German company that makes MERCEDES
cars. In 1998， Daimler-Benz joined with the US car maker
Chrysler to form a new company. 【商标】戴姆勒-奔驰公司〔德
国梅塞德斯汽车生产商的正式名称，1998年与美国汽车制造商克
莱斯勒公司合并组成了新的公司〕
dain. ty1 /`denti; 'deinti/ adj1 small, pretty, and delicate 娇嫩
的，小巧玲珑的；精美的，可爱的，雅致的：adainty child/dress/
movement 娇小可爱的孩子；小巧玲珑的衣服；优雅的动作 2 not
easy to please, especially about food; FASTIDIOUS〔对食品)挑
剔的，讲究的：a dainty eater 讲究饮食的人 - -tily adv - -tiness
n[U]
dainty2 n an especially nice small piece of food, especially a
little cake 精美可口的小点心：珍馔佳肴
dai·qui. ri /`daikeri; 'daikri/n a sweet alcoholic drink made of
RUM and especially LEMON or LIME juice 台克利酒〔用朗姆酒
配上柠檬汁或酸橙汁调制的甜酒
dair. y /`deri; 'deari/ n 1 a place on a farm where milk is kept
and butter and cheese are made 乳品场，制酪场，牛奶场 2 a
company which makes or sells mostly milk and dairy products
乳品厂
dairy cat. tle /'· . ·/ n [P] cattle kept for milk rather than for
meat 乳牛，奶牛
dairy farm /'. / n a farm that produces milk, and sometimes
butter and cheese〔生产牛奶、黄油、干酪的〕牛奶场 — ~er n
dair. y·maid /`dari, med; 'dearimeid/ also 又作 milkmaid -n
old use a woman who works in DAIRY (1)【旧】牛奶场女工
dair. y. man /derimen; 'dearimen/n-men /-men; -men/ a man
who works in a DAIRY (1) or runs a DAIRY FARM 牛奶场工人：
牛奶场经营者
dairy prod·uce /'··/ n [U] milk and things made from milk. 
such as butter and cheese. Many people in Britain and the US
believe that too much dairy produce makes people fat and is
bad for them. 乳制品<如黄油、干酪等>〔在英国和美国，许多人
认为食用太多乳制品会使人发胖，不利于健康〕
dairy prod·ucts /'··/ n [P] DAIRY PRODUCE 乳制品
Dairy Queen /'/ also 作 DQ trademark a type of US FAST
FOOD restaurant which sells ICE CREAM and other foods, and is
popular with young people【商标】“乳品女王”餐厅〔美国一家出
售冰淇淋等食品的快餐店，深受年轻人喜爱〕
da·is /`deis; 'deis/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] a raised part of
the floor at one end of a hall or meeting room, for speakers or
other important people 讲台；主席台，上座
dai. sy /`dezi; 'deizi/ n 1 a very common flower, which is white
around a yellow centre and grows among grass. People think
of daisies as simple and ordinary, but attractive and fresh. 雏菊
(花)〔人们认为这种花朴实无华，但清新迷人)：The lawn was
covered in daisies. 草地上长满了雏菊。2 push up the daisies
BrE humor to be dead and buried【英，幽】埋葬在地下，入土
see 参见 DEAD1
daisy chain /'· / n BrE a string of daisies joined together us-
ing their STALKS to make a circle to wear round the neck or wrist, 
0429
usually made by children【英】〔一般由儿童制作的〕雏菊花环
daisy wheel print. er /'·. ·/ n a kind of PRINTER (3) with a
part called a daisy wheel that moves to press letters onto the
paper and consists of a piece of metal shaped like a large daisy, 
having a different letter of the alphabet at the end of each
'PETAL'. A daisy wheel printer produces good quality print
like the print from a TYPEWRITER, and some typewriters also
have a daisy wheel. 菊花形字盘打印机〔其打印效果与打字机-
样优良，有些打字机也装备了菊花型字盘〕 — see also另见 DOT
MATRIX PRINTER, GOLF BALL (2)， and LASER PRINTER
Dak·ar /de`kar; 'daeka:/ the capital of Senegal, a seaport, and
one of the largest industrial centres in W Africa 达喀尔〔塞内
加尔首都和海港，西非最大的工业中心之一〕
Da. ko. tas, the /de`kotez; de'keutez/ the US states of North
Dakota and South Dakota〔美国的〕南、北达科他州
Dal. ai La. ma, the /，dalai `lame; daelai 'la: me/ the title of
the religious leader of Tibet. Tenzin Gyatso (1935- )be
came the 14th Dalai Lama in 1940 but in 1959 he left Tibet
for India and has tried to separate Tibet from China. 达赖喇
嘛〔西藏宗教领袖的称号。丹增嘉措(1935-)于1940年成为第
十四世达赖，但1959年从西藏出走印度，企图将西藏从中国分裂
出去〕
dale /del; deil/ n N EngE or poet a valley【英格兰北部或诗】山
谷 — see also 另见 DALES
da. lek/`dalk; 'da:lek/ n (often
cap. 常用大写)a frightening
creature with a metal body, 
from a British children's tele-
vision SERIES called Dr Who. 
Daleks talk in a strange voice
that does not rise or fall, like
the voice of a machine. When
they are going to kill someone, 
hey say'Exterminate!'达莱克
〔英国儿童电视连续剧《无名博
士》中的金属怪物。它们嗓音奇
特，说话像机器发声一样没有声调变化。想要杀人时口中会念
“Exterminate(消灭) ！”) — see also另见 DR WHO
Dales, the /delz; deilz/ also 又作 the Yorkshire Dales an area
of broad, open valleys and hills in northern England. Many
tourists visit the Dales. 约克谷地〔英格兰北部宽广的山谷和丘
陵地区，许多旅游人士来此游玩〕
Da. ley /`deli; 'deili/. Arthur a character in the 1980s British
television programme Minder. Arthur Daley sells used cars, 
and sometimes also buys and sells other goods, which are usu-
ally stolen. He is thought of as a typical example of a salesman
who is dishonest, but also likeable, and not really a serious
criminal. 戴利〔20世纪80年代英国电视节目《保镖》中的人物。
他出售旧汽车，有时还倒卖别人偷来的赃物，被认为是典型的奸
商，但是挺可爱的，算不上正儿八经的罪犯〕
Daley. Richard (1942- )a US politician who has been MAYOR
Of Chicago since 1989. He is a member of the Democratic Party. 
and is known for his policies to improve schools and commu-
nity policing (=police officers working with residents to pre-
vent crime), 戴利〔(1942-)，美国政治家，1989年起任芝加哥
市市长，民主党成员，以改善学校和社区警务制闻名〕
Dal·glish/dael`glif; dael'gli:f/. Ken. nv /keni; 'keni/ (1951-)a
British football player, considered one of the greatest Scottish
olayers ever. He played for the Scottish national team, for
Glasgow Celtic, and for Liverpool, and later was a successful
manager of several well-known football teams, including
Liverpool and Blackburn. 达格利什〔(1951-)，英国足球运动
员，被认为是有史以来最杰出的苏格兰球员之一。他曾效力于苏格
兰队、格拉斯哥凯尔特人队和利物浦队，之后成为几支著名足球队
的领队，包括利物浦队和布莱克本队〕
Da. li/`dali; 'da:li/. Sal·va. dor /`saelvedor; 'saelvedo:/(1904
1989) a Spanish painter whose work is typical of the style of
SURREALISM, known for his strange life and behaviour, and
for his long, curving MOUSTACHE 达利〔(1904-1989)，西班牙
超现实主义画家，以其奇特的生活和行为方式，以及拳曲的长须闻
名〕
Dal-las /daeles; 'daeles/ 1 a city in Texas in the US. It is a centre
for business and industry and is especially famous for its rich
oil businesses. It is also remembered as the place where John
F. Kennedy was shot in 1963. 达拉斯〔美国得克萨斯州的一个
城市、工商业中心，尤以其富有的石油公司出名。在人们印象中，
它还是1963年约翰·F. 肯尼迪遇刺身亡的地方〕 — see colour
map on pages A2-3 参见A2-3页彩色地图 2 a SOAP OPERA that
was originally shown on US television and then became very
popular in many parts of the world in the 1970s and 1980s. Its
main characters were a rich family called the Ewings, who
owned an oil company and had exciting lives. The stories were
usually about power, money, and sex. 《豪门恩怨》〔最早在美国
播出的一部电视肥皂剧，20世纪70、80年代在世界很多地方大受
欢迎。剧中的主要人物为富有的尤因斯家族成员。他们拥有一家
石油公司并过着刺激的生活。故事内容大多涉及权力、金钱和
性) — see also 另见 JR
Dallas Cow. boys, The /. . / the main FOOTBALL team in
Dallas, Texas 达拉斯牛仔队〔得克萨斯州达拉斯的一支主要的美
式橄榄球队〕
Dallas-Fort Worth /，· '·/ also 又作 Dallas-Fort Worth In-
ternational a very large US airport for the cities of DALLAS
and FORT WORTH〔美国〕达拉斯-沃思堡国际机场
dalli·ance /`daeliens; 'daeliens/ n [U] old-fash the act of dally
ing with someone; FLIRTATION【过时】调戏，调情
dally/`daeli; 'daeli/ v [I (ABOUT, over)] to be slow or waste time
慢吞吞地做，浪费〔时间)：Don't dally about or we'll be late
不要拖拖拉拉了，否则我们会迟到的。| They dallied over their
food. 他们吃饭时磨磨蹭蹭
dally with sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to consider (an idea), but
not very seriously; TOY with 不太认真地考虑：He often dallies
with the idea of setting himself up in business. 他时常有个不
很认真的想法：不如索性去经商。2 old-fash to seem to want to
start a love relationship with (someone), but without serious
intentions【过时】玩弄〔某人的〕感情，〔与某人〕调情
dalek 达莱克
Dal·ma·tia /dael`mefe; dael'meife/ an area of Croatia on the eas
coast of the Adriatic Sea 达尔马提亚〔亚得里亚海东岸克罗地亚
境内一地区〕
Dal. ma·tian /dael`mefien; dael'meifan/ n a type of large, short-
haired dog which is white with black spots 达尔马提亚狗，斑点
参
dam 堤坝
dam1/daem; daem/n a wall or bank built across a river to keep
back water, especially to make a RESERVOIR 堤坝，水坝，拦河
坝：the Aswān Dam in Egypt 埃及的阿斯旺大坝 — compare 比
较DIKE1(1)
dam2v-mm-[T(UP)] to keep back by means of a dam 筑堤[坝]
挡住：to dam(up)the water/the river 筑坝拦水；在河上筑坝
dam sthg.  upphr v [T] to control (a feeling, especially of
anger or annoyance) in an unhealthy way; SUPPRESS 抑制，忍
dam3n the mother of a four-legged animal, especially a horse
母兽；〔尤指〕母马 — compare 比较SIRE1(1)
*dam·age1/daemid3; 'daemid3/ n1 [U (to)] the process of spoil-
ing the condition or quality of something and the harm or loss
that results 破坏，损害，损失：The flood caused serious dam-
age to the crops. 洪水对农作物造成了严重的损害。| This will
do a lot of damage to her political reputation. 这将大大有损
于她的政治声誉。| He suffered brain damage in the car
accident. 他在车祸中大脑受到损伤。2 [the] infml the price
especially of something done for you【非正式】费用；代价：
What's the damage?费用多少？
*damage2v [T] to cause damage to 损坏，损伤；使·受损失：to
damage someone's reputation 损坏某人的名誉 | The build-
ing was severely damaged by the explosion. 大楼因爆炸而严
重损毁。| Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害健康。|
The incident had a damaging effect on East-West relations. 
该事件对东西方关系产生了极不利的影响
damage lim. i. ta. tion ex. er. cise /·. ·. 
··/ n an attempt to
limit the damage to something, especially one's REPUTATION
or CREDIBILITY, as much as possible 减少〔名誉、信用〕损害的
措施：Since news of its involvement in the scandal was leaked, 
the Government has been engaged in a damage limitation
exercise. 自从卷入丑闻的消息被披露后, 政府一直在进行活动以
0430
缩小影响。
dam·ag·es /`daemid3ez; 'daemid3z/n [P] law money that a per
son is ordered by a court to pay to another person for causing
damage or for unfairly writing bad things about them so that
other people will have a low opinion of them【律】赔偿金，损害
赔偿（额）：She sued him for libel, and the court ordered him
to pay her damages of ￡1500，她控告他诽谤，法庭责令他付
1500 英镑赔偿费给她。| The court awarded her ￡1500 in
damages. 法庭判给她赔偿金1500英镑
Da·mas. cus /de`maeskes; de'maeskes/ 1 the capital of Syria
which is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is known
especially for its Great Mosque 大马士革〔叙利亚首都，世界上
最古老的城市之一，尤以市里大清真寺闻名)2road to Damascus
a situation in which someone experiences a sudden and com
plete change in their opinions or beliefs. The phrase is based
on the story in the New Testament of the Bible, in which St
Paul, who was a soldier involved in attempts to prevent Chris-
tianity from spreading, saw a blinding light and heard god's
voice while he was travelling on the road to Damascus. He
immediately became a Christian. 〔观点、信仰〕幡然转变〔该短语
出自《圣经·新约》中的一则故事，圣人保罗原先是一名迫害基督教
的士兵，在前往大马士革的途中看见一道炫目的闪光并听到了上帝
的声音，他立即转变成了基督徒〕
dam·ask'/`daemesk; 'daemesk/ n [U] a kind of cloth with a pat
tern woven into it, used in the past by very rich people for
clothes and curtains. Now it is used for covering furniture, and
for white tablecloths for formal occasions, 织花的料子，花缎，
锦缎〔旧时被极富有的人用来做衣服或窗帘，现在被用来覆盖家具
以及在正式场合中用作白桌布〕
damask2 adj 1 made of damask 织了花纹的； a damask table
cloth 一块织花桌布 2 poet pink【诗】粉红色的：her damask
cheek她粉红色的脸颊
Dam Bust·ers, The /'. /(1954) a British film about the in
vention and use of a BOUNCING BOMB which was used to de
stroy DAMS (=large walls built across rivers) in Germany in
World War II. The music from the film is well known. 《轰炸鲁
尔水坝记》〔(1954)，英国影片，讲述榴霰弹的发明以及在第二次
世界大战期间被用来摧毁德国水坝的故事。片中的音乐广为人知)
dame /dem; deim/ n 1 AmE old-fash slang (especially said by
men) a woman. There is a famous song from the musical South
Pacific called There is nothing like a dame. 【美, 过时, 俚】女
人〔尤为男人专用语〕〔音乐剧《南太平洋》中有一首著名的歌曲叫
做《没有什么像女人》)2 (sometimes cap. 有时用大写) in Britain
the part of an ugly old woman in a PANTOMIME, acted by a
man〔英国童话剧中由男性扮演的〕丑老太婆
ame n a woman who has a DBE, a special honour given to
ome British women for things they have done for their country
A woman with this honour can use the title Dame before her
name. 女爵士，贵夫人〔授予曾为国家做出贡献的英国女性的殊
荣，可用于姓名前)：Dame Judi Dench 朱迪·登奇（女）爵士
When was she made a Dame? 她是什么时候被封为 （女） 爵士
的？ — compare 比较 KNIGHT
Dame Ed. na /，dem `dne; deim 'edne/ a humorous MIDDLE
AGEd female character invented and performed by the male
Australian COMEDIAN Barry HUMPHRIES. Her full name is
'Dame Edna Everage', and she is known for her unusual, 
brightly decorated clothes and GLASSES, and for thinking that
she is very attractive, amusing, and intelligent. She speaks with
a strong Australian ACCENT, and often makes fun of people in
the AUDIENCE. 埃德娜夫人〔由澳大利亚男喜剧演员巴里·汉弗莱
斯塑造并扮演的一个滑稽的中年女性角色，她的全名是“埃德娜
埃弗里奇夫人”。她穿着奇异，装缀亮丽，戴一副眼镜，自以为迷
人、风趣而又聪明。她说话带很重的澳大利亚口音，常常拿观众来
开玩笑〕
dam·mit /daemit; 'daemt/ interj1 (an expression of annoyance)
〔表示恼怒〕该死！他妈的！：Will you hurry up, dammit!你他妈
的快点好不好！2 as near as dammit almost, though possibly
a few less 差不多：“How many were there?” “A hundred. \"
\"Really?” “Well, as near as dammi. \"“那里有多少?” “100
个。” “真的吗?” “哎呀, 差不了多少。
damn1 /daem; daem/ adj, ady [A] slang【俚】1 also 又作 damned
goddamn -(used for giving force to an expression, good or
bad) 极，非常的：a damn fool大傻瓜 | You were damn lucky
the police didn't catch you! 你真够运气，警察竟没抓到你！
Don't lie to me-you knew damn well what was happening. 
别对我撒谎——你非常清楚发生了什么事。 — see also 另见
DARN2 2 damn all BrE nothing【英】完全没有，毫无：He's the
meanest person I know - you'll get damn all out of him. 他
是我认识的人当中最吝啬的一个—你从他那里什么也得不到。
damn2 also 又作 damnation - interj slang (an expression of
annoyance or disappointment)【俚】〔表示烦恼或失望〕该死：
Damn! I've forgotten the key. 该死！我把钥匙忘了
damn3 n infml [S usually in negatives 一般用于否定句] even
the smallest amount【非正式】一点点，丝毫：I don't care/give a
damn what he does. 他干什么我一点也不在乎。| His promise
isn't worth a damn. 他的诺言一文不值。
damn4v[T] 1 (especially of God) to send to punishment with-
out end after death 〔尤指神〕使下地狱，使遭天罚 — see also 另
见 DAMNED1(1), 22 (often used in CURSEs1(2)常用于诅咒)：
Damn it! 该死的！ | Damn you! 你这个混蛋！ - 
compare 比较
BLESS1 (3) 3 to declare to be bad or worthless 指责，贬斥：The
play was damned by all the critics. 这出戏被所有评论家贬得
钱不值。 — see also 另见 DAMNED' (4) 4 to cause to fail
completely; ruin 使彻底失败；毁掉：He damned himself with
one stupid remark. 他被自己一句蠢话毁了。5 damn someone/
something with faint praise to praise someone or something
only slightly, in a way that suggests that one really disapproves
形褒实贬，用冷淡的称赞反对
dam·na·ble /`daemnebl; 'daemnebal/ adj old-fash very bad:
APPALLING【过时】糟透的，坏得吓人的：This damnable weather!
糟透的天气！- -bly adv infml【非正式】
dam·na·tion'/daem`nefen; daem'neifan/n [U]1 the act of damn. 
ing or state of being damned 诅咒；遭天罚：condemned to eter-
nal damnation in Hell 在地狱里永久遭受诅咒 2in damna-
tion old-fash slang (used for giving strength to an expres-
sion of anger 用于加强愤怒时的语气)【过时，俚】到底，究竟
What in damnation do you mean by that?你这话到底是什么
意思？
damnation2 interj slang (an expression of annoyance or dis-
appointment)【俚】〔表示恼怒或失望〕该死：Oh no! I've forgot
ten the key. Hell and damnation! 啊呀！我忘记带钥匙了。真该
死！
damned' /daemd; daemd/ adj 1 sent by God to punishment with. 
out end after death 被罚入地狱的；遭天罚的：They will be eter
nally damnea, 他们将被永远罚入地狱。 2 infml (used for giv-
ing force to an expression, good or bad; used especially by
UPPER-CLASS people)【非正式】极，非常〔用于加强语气，尤为上
层阶级人士使用) ；It's a damned nuisance. 这真讨厌。| damned
bad luck 很不走运 3 Well, I'm damned /I'll be damned! infml
(a strong way of saying) I'm very surprised!【非正式】真没想
到！真叫我吃惊！4 damned if she does and damned if she
doesn't infml people will find fault with her whatever course
of action she chooses【非正式】她做也不是，不做也不是〔表示无
论做什么都受指责〕
damned2n [the+P] in the Christian and Muslim religions, 
people who have behaved so immorally that after death they
are sent to Hell to be punished for ever 〔基督教和伊斯兰教中)
被罚入地狱的灵魂
damned·est' /`daemdist; 'daemdst/n do one's damnedest infml
to do everything possible【非正式】尽最大努力：She's doing her
damnedest to pass the exam. 她正尽最大努力争取考试及格. 
damnedest2 adj [the+A] infml, especially AmE the most un-
usual, surprising etc【非正式，尤美】最不寻常的，最令人惊讶的
Isn't that the damnedest thing you've ever heard?你没听过
比这更荒唐的事吧？
damn·ing /'daemin: 'daemin/ adj likely to lead to ruin or failure
招致毁灭的，使身败名裂的：We found some damning evidence
that implicated both of them. 我们找到一些牵连他们二人的确
凿罪证
Damocles — see 参见 SWORD OF DAMOCLES
damp1 /daemp; daemp/ adj rather wet, often in an unpleasant
way 潮湿的：damp grass 湿漉漉的草地 | damp clothes 潮湿的
衣服 | The tenants complained to their landlord about the
damp walls in the bedroom. 房客向房东抱怨卧室里的墙壁很
潮湿。| an unhealthy damp climate 不利于健康的潮湿气候| 
Use a damp cloth to clean the table. 用湿布把桌子擦干净。-
ish adj — ~ly adv
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 damp, humid, and 和
moist. Damp is often used in a bad sense. damp 常用于不
好的意思：I can't wear these socks; they're damp. （我不
能穿这双袜子，都是湿的。)Moist is used especially of food
and parts of the body, and often has a good sense (=not too
dry). moist 专门用于食物和身体各个部位，而且常含有好的
含义：a rich, moist cake （一块味浓而又不会太干的糕饼）|
moist eyes/lips （水汪汪的眼睛；湿润的嘴唇） Humid is a
more scientific word usually used of climate or weather. 
humid 是更带科学含义的用词，常指气候或天气：It was hot
and humid in the jungle. (丛林里又热又潮湿。)
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damp2 also 又作 damp·ness /`daempnis; 'daempns/ - n [U]
slight wetness 微湿，潮湿：There's a patch of damp on my bed-
room wall. 我卧室墙上有一块地方是潮湿的。 — see also 另见
RISING DAMP
damp3v[T] 1 to wet slightly; dampen 弄湿，使潮湿，濡湿：Damp
the dress before you iron it. 你熨衣服之前先濡湿一下它。2 to
make (a stringed musical instrument) sound less loudly, e. g. 
by using a DAMPER (3)〔用制音器给弦乐器〕调低音响；使弦停止
振动
damp sthg.  down also 又作 dampen sthg.  down -
phr v [T] 1 to make (a fire) burn more slowly, often by cover
ing it with ash〔用灰)封火，减弱火势 2 to control and reduce:
RESTRAIN (2) 抑制；控制：They were too keen at first and we
had to damp down their enthusiasm. 起初他们太着迷了，我们
只好给他们的热情泼了点冷水
damp course /'/ also 又作 damp-proof course /'/ n BrE
a thickness of material in a wall to prevent RISING DAMP
(=wetness coming up through the bricks)【英】〔墙壁的〕防湿层
damp·en /`daempen; 'daempen/ v [T] 1 to make damp 弄湿，使
潮湿：The rain hardly dampened the ground. 这场雨连地面也
没有打湿。2 to reduce the strength of (feelings, especially of
happiness or keenness)使〔感情、欢乐、兴致〕减弱，抑制，使扫
兴：It was an unpleasant event and it dampened our spirits
for a while. 那是一次不愉快的事件，使我们好一阵子都感到扫兴，
damp·er /`daempe: 'daempe/n1 an influence that makes people
feel sad or discouraged 令人沮丧的东西； The accident put a
damper on our party. 这件意外事故使我们的聚会大为扫兴。2 a
metal plate, door etc, that can be moved to control the amount
of air that reaches a burning fire and make it burn more or less
brightly〔调节空气控制炉火燃烧的〕风门，节气闸 3 an appara-
tus that stops the shaking of a piano string 〔钢琴的〕制音器
damp squib / / n BrE infml something which is intended to
be exciting, effective etc, but which fails and disappoints【英
非正式】没有达到预期效果的事情；湿水爆竹
dam·sel /daemzl; 'daemzal/ n 1 lit a young unmarried woman
especially one of noble birth【文】〔尤指贵族出身的〕少女；闺秀
2 damsel in distress humor a woman who is in a difficult
situation from which a man can save her (from old stories in
which a damsel is often held as a prisoner and is saved by a
young KNIGHT, humorously known as a knight in shining
armour)【幽】〔有男子前来相救的〕落难少女〔语出古老的传说，
其中常有一名遭囚禁的少女被一位年轻的骑士所救，他被幽默地称
为“银甲骑士”)：“Thank you very much. ” “Not at all, madam. 
Always happy to help a damsel in distress. ” “十分感谢。” “不
用谢，小姐，能为小姐解忧排难是我的荣幸。
dam·son /`daemzn; 'daemzan/n(the small acid purple fruit of)
a kind of PLUM tree 西洋李子（树）：damson jam 西洋李子酱
dan /daen; daen/ n a level of skill in a MARTIAL ART, higher thar
a BLACK BELT 段〔武术的等级)：He's a first dan in judo. 他是
柔道一段。 — compare 比较 BLACK BELT
that matches the speed or movements of music 跳舞：She loves
to dance. 她很喜欢跳舞。| They danced all night to the music
of the band. 他们通宵随着乐队的音乐跳舞。| Would you like
to dance with me?你愿意和我跳舞吗?
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Many people in the US
and UK enjoy dancing, and music is usually played at par-
ties and other celebrations so that people can dance. Schools
often have dances or DISCOs for their students, and in the
US most schools have a special formal dance at the end of
the school year, called a PROM (see Cultural Note there)
CHARITY organizations and UK universities have formal
dances called BALLS where women wear long dresses and
men wear DINNER JACKETS(2). When young people want
to dance they go CLUBBING, meaning that they go to NIGHT
CLUBS with their friends. American LINE DANCING is ex
tremely popular in the UK, and is done by people of all
ages in PUBS and COMMUNITY CENTRES, 在美国和英国，许
多人喜欢跳舞。在举办的各种聚会或其他庆祝活动中一般都
播放音乐让人们跳舞。学校里也经常为学生举办舞会或迪斯
科舞会。在美国，大多数学校在学年结束时都要举办一场特别
的正式舞会称PROM(参见该词的文化注释)。慈善机构和英
国的大学举行正式的舞会称BALL, 舞会上女士穿着长长的晚
装，男士则穿无尾晚礼服。年轻人想要跳舞就和朋友去夜总
会。美国式的队列集体舞在英国也特别流行，在小酒馆和社区
活动中心，男女老少都跳这种舞
2 [T] to perform (a type of dance)跳〔某种舞)：We danced the
waltz. 我们跳华尔兹舞。 3 [T+obj+adv/prep] t cause to dance
使跳舞：She danced the baby round the room. 她搂着婴孩在房
间里兜圈子跳舞。4 [I] to move quickly up and down, or about
跳跃，摇摆：The branches of the trees danced in the breeze. 树
枝在微风中摇摆。| The figures on the computer screen danced
up and down in front of my eyes. (=I couldn't read them
properly)电脑屏幕上的数字在我眼前上下跳动。5 dance atten
dance on/upon someone BrE to pay someone a lot of attention. 
get everything they might need etc, showing that one is very
keen to please them【英】讨好 （某人），逢迎 （某人）6 dance to
someone's tune to do what someone wants without asking
questions, in a way that shows complete obedience〔俯首帖耳
地)侍奉（某人） - dancer n: Is he a good dancer? 他舞跳得好
吗？ | She's a dancer on the stage. 她是一名舞蹈演员。| folk
dancers 民间舞蹈表演者
*dance2n 1 [C] an act of dancing 跳舞，舞蹈：Let's have one
more dance before we go home. 我们再跳一只舞再回家吧。
She did a little dance of excitement. 她兴奋地跳了几步舞。
to play dance music 演奏舞曲 2 [C] (the name of) a particular
set of movements performed to music 舞步，舞技：The waltz is
a beautiful dance. 华尔兹是一种优美的舞步。| a traditional
tribal dance 部落的传统舞蹈 3 [C] a social meeting or party
for dancing, especially older-style dancing rather than DISCO
dancing〔尤指跳老式的舞蹈而不是跳迪斯科的)舞会：They're
giving/holding a dance on New Year's Eve. 他们将在新年除
夕举行舞会。4 [C] a piece of music for dancing 舞曲：The band
played a slow dance. 乐队演奏一曲节奏缓慢的舞曲。5 [(the) U]
(sometimes cap. 有时大写) the art of dancing, especially BAL
LET dancing 舞蹈艺术〔尤指芭蕾舞) — see also 另见 COUNTRY
DANCE, SONG AND DANCE, SQUARE DANCE, lead someone a
dance(LEAD1(10)
dance-band /'/n a group of musicians (a band) who play
music for dancing to 伴舞的乐队 - dance-band adj: a dance
band singer 一位伴舞乐队中的歌手
dance floor /'/ n 1 a special floor for dancing on 舞池 2 on
the dance floor at dancing 在跳舞：She's wonderful on the
dance floor. 她跳舞棒极了。
dance hall /'/ n a large public room where people pay to go
and dance. Dance halls are rather old-fashioned now and are
connected in people's minds with dancing before the 1960s
Many older-style dances, where people WALTZ etc, are now
held in hotels. Most young people who like dancing go to DIS-
COS or NIGHT CLUBS. 舞厅〔舞厅现在已过时了, 它使人联想起20
世纪60年代之前的舞蹈。现在许多跳华尔兹舞等的旧式舞会在酒
店中举行。喜欢跳舞的年轻人大多去迪斯科舞厅或夜总会)
Dance of Death // also 又作 danse macabre an imagi. 
nary dance which people are supposed to perform as they are
being led to their death by a SKELETON (=a body consisting
only of bones) representing death. It was very common in pic-
tures and drawings in the MIDDLE AGES, but there are also de. 
scriptions of it in music and literature. 死亡舞蹈，骷髅舞〔一种
想像中的舞蹈，据说人们在骷髅（代表死亡）的带引下走向死亡时
跳的就是这种舞。这在中世纪的绘画中十分常见，在音乐和文学作
品中也有描述〕
dance of the sev·en veils /，. . ，·'/ n a sexy Eastern dance
(known to most Westerners through old films) in which a
woman slowly removes seven long pieces of thin material(the
yeils) from her body as she dances七层纱巾舞〔一种性感的东
方舞蹈，大多数西方人通过旧时的影片对此有所了解。其中，舞女
边跳舞边脱去身上披着的七条长纱巾
dance stu. di. o /'. / n a large room usually with mirrors on
the walls and bars to hold onto where people learn or practise
dancing 舞蹈排练厅
danc·ing girl /'. / n a professional woman dancer in a place
of popular entertainment, or in the Middle East, especially in
the past. People sometimes use the expression Bring on the
dancing girls, meaning 'Let's add some (more) excitement to
this occasion!'〔尤指旧时娱乐场所或中东的〕舞女〔人们有时说
Bring on the dancing girls, 意思是给这里增加点热烈的气氛)
Dan Dare // the main character in one of the stories in the
British COMIC for boys called The EAGLE, popular especially
in the 1950s and 1960s. He is the brave CAPTAIN of a space-
craft and has many exciting adventures, and his main enemy is
the Mekon. 丹·戴尔，大胆阿丹〔英国男孩子的连环漫画《鹰》中
系列故事的主人公，这些漫画书在20世纪50、60年代尤为流行。
阿丹是一位勇敢的宇宙飞船船长，经历过种种激动人心的奇遇，主
要敌人是梅肯〕
D and C/. di end `si; di: end 'si:/n an operation to clean out the
inside of a woman's WOMB in order to treat various medical
conditions. The letters stand for 'dilation and curettage'. 扩张
宫颈和刮宫术
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dan-de·li·on /daendi laien; 'daendlaien/n a common small wild
bright-yellow flower whose seeds travel long distances on the
wind 蒲公英
dandelion clock /'··/ n BrE a soft round mass of white
seeds of the dandelion on a STALK. Children in Britain ofter
blow the seeds into the air and pretend that they can tell what
time it is by the number of times they need to blow to remove
them all. 【英】蒲公英的茸毛头〔英国的小孩子经常把蒲公英的种
子吹向空中，并假装能从吹完种子的次数，说出当时的时间〕
dan-der /`daend; 'daende/ n get one's/someone's dander up
old-fash infml to make oneself/someone angry【过时，非正式】
使 （某人）恼怒：Her stubborn attitude really got my dander
up. 她的顽固态度真把我惹怒了
dan-di·fied /daendi faid; 'daendifaid/ adj often derog dressec
like a dandy【常贬】打扮时髦的，像花花公子的：a dandified per-
son/appearance 打扮得花里胡哨的人[样子]
dan. dle /`daend]; 'daendl/ v [T] to move (a baby or small child
up and down in one's arms or on one's knee in play〔在怀抱中
或膝盖上颠动着〕逗弄〔婴孩〕
dan·druff /daendref: 'daendref/n [U] a common medical condi-
tion in which bits of dead skin form on the head and can be
seen in the hair and on one's clothes 头皮（屑）
dan. dy'/daendi; 'daendi/ n becoming rare a man who spends a
lot of time and money on his clothing and personal appearance
【渐罕】爱穿着打扮的男人，花花公子
dandy2 adj old-fash infml, especially AmE very good【过时，非
正式，尤美】非常好的，一流的：a dandy idea好主意
Dandy, The a British COMIC (=a magazine for children that
tells stories using sets of drawings), whose best-known char-
acter is DESPERATE DAN《漂亮少年》〔英国的连环漫画杂志，其中
最出名的人物是拼命三郎丹〕
Dane /den; dein/ n 1 someone from Denmark 丹麦人 2 a VIKING
one of the northern people who attacked and took control of
part of England in the 10th and 11th centuries 〔10、11世纪攻
占英国部分地区的)北欧海盗 — see also另见 DANISH, GREAT
DANE
harm or loss 危险：The red flag means“Danger!”这面红旗表
示“危险！”| a danger signal一个危险信号 a place where
children can play without danger 儿童可以安全玩耍的地方
The patient's life is in danger. 这个病人的生命垂危。| The
operation was a success and she is now out of danger. 手术
成功了，她现在已脱离危险。| He is in (great/real) danger of
losing his job. 他大[真]有失去这份工作的危险。|Climbing
mountains is fraught with (=full of) danger. 爬山充满着危
险。2 [C (of, to)] a case or cause of danger 危害，威胁：the
dangers of smoking 吸烟的危害 | This narrow bridge is a
danger to traffic. 这狭窄的桥梁对交通造成了危险。| Violent
criminals like that are a danger to society. 这种暴力罪犯对社
会是一种危害
danger list /'. / n 1 on the danger list so ill that death is
possible 病危的 2 off the danger list no longer so ill that death
is possible 脱离危险期的
danger mon·ey /'·. /n [U] additional pay for dangerous work
从事危险工作的额外津贴
cause danger 危险的，不安全的； a dangerous drug/animal/
criminal 有毒性的药物；凶恶的兽类：危险的罪犯|It's danger-
ous to go too near the edge of the cliff. 走得太靠近悬崖边缘很
不安全。| The situation is potentially very dangerous, 形势潜
伏着很大的危险。 — ~ly ady; He was driving dangerously. 他
以危险的方式驾驶着汽车。| She is dangerously ill. 她病势危
殆。
dan. gle /`daengl; 'daengal/ v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) hang or swing
loosely(使)悬垂，（使）悬荡，〔晃来晃去地)吊着：keys dangling
from a chain 悬吊在链上的一串钥匙 | He sat on the edge of
the table dangling his legs. 他坐在桌子边，悬垂着双腿。2 [T+
obj+prep] to offer as an attraction 引诱，吊胃口：They might
do the job if you dangle a bonus in front of them. 如果你用奖
金吸引他们，他们可能会接受这项工作。
Dan·iel /`daenjel; 'daenjel/ in the Old Testament of the Bible, a
Jewish man who was made a prisoner by King NEBUCHADNEZZAR
of Babylon, and was put into a lions'DEN as a punishment for
not changing his beliefs. The lions did not kill him, however, 
because God protected him. The phrase in the lion's den comes
from this story, and is used to describe a difficult situation in
which you are surrounded by people who are your enemies. 但
以理〔《圣经·旧约》中记述的一名犹太人，因不愿改变信仰而被巴
比伦国王尼布甲尼撒关押并投进狮子坑中。然而由于神的保护，狮
子没有伤害他。短语in the lion's den 即出自该故事，用于形容
四面楚歌的危险境地〕
Dan·iels /`daenjelz; 'daenjelz/, Paul (1938- ) a British MAGI
CIAN(=someone who performs magic tricks) who appears or
television 丹尼尔斯〔(1938-)，英国电视魔术表演家〕
Da. nish' /'denif; 'deinif/ adj from or connected with Denmark
or its language 丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语的：Her husband is
Danish. 她的丈夫是丹麦人。| the Danish football team 丹麦
足球队
Danish2n 1 [U] the language of Denmark 丹麦语 2 [C] a DANISH
PASTRY丹麦油酥糕饼
Danish blue /. '/ n [U] a type of cheese made especially in
Denmark which has blue marks in it and has a strong taste丹
麦青纹干酪
Danish pas·try /，· '·/ also 又作 Danish sweet roll AmE【美】-
n a sweet cake, often eaten at breakfast or with a cup of coffee. 
made of PASTRY with a lot of butter or fat in it, and usually
containing dried fruit 丹麦油酥糕饼〔常用作早餐食品或伴咖啡
食用〕
dank /daenk; daenk/ adjunpleasantly wet and usually cold 阴冷
潮湿的，湿冷的； an old house with a dark, dank cellar 一所有
阴暗潮湿地下室的老房屋 | The prison was cold and dank. 监
狱里又冷又湿。 — ~ness n [U]
Dank. worth /`daenkwo-0; 'daenkwe0/, John (1927-)a Brit
ish writer of JAZZ music, SAXOPHONE player, and leader of a
group of jazz musicians, known especially for his work with
his wife, the singer Cleo LAINE 丹克沃思〔(1927-)，英国爵士
乐作曲家、萨克斯管演奏家以及一群爵士音乐家的领头人，尤以与
妻子，即歌唱家克利奥·莱恩合作而闻名〕
danse ma·ca. bre /，dans me`kabra; , da:ns me'ka:bre/ n Fr
for【法】= DANCE OF DEATH
Dan·te /`dante 'daenti/ (1265-1321) Dante Alighieri, an Italiar
poet who is known especially for writing La Divina Commedia
(The Divine Comedy), a long poem about a journey through
Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. It is one of the most important
works of European Literature. 但丁〔(1265-1321)，但丁·阿里
盖利，意大利诗人，尤以创作《神曲》而闻名。《神曲》是一部描写游
历地狱、炼狱和天国的长诗，是欧洲最重要的文学作品之一〕
Dante's In-fer-no /，·. '·/ the first part of DANTE's poem The
DIVINE COMEDY, in which he is led through different parts of
HELL. The phrase 'Dante's Inferno' is sometimes used to de-
scribe a place where there is a lot of fire, destruction etc. 《地
狱》〔但丁《神曲》的第一部，诗中他被带着游历了地狱中的不同地
方。该短语有时被用来形容发生大火、遭严重破坏等的地方〕：
When the bombing finally stopped, the city looked like Dante's
Inferno. 轰炸终于结束后，那座城市看上去就像但丁所写的地狱
样，满目疮痍
Danton /daentn; 'daenton/, Georges Jacques /3or3 3aek; '30：3
3aek/ (1759-1794) a French politician who became one of the
leaders of the FRENCH Revolution 丹东〔(1759-1794)，法国政
治家，法国大革命的领导人之一〕
Dan·ube, the /daenjub; 'daenju:b/ a long and important river ir
E Europe. It starts in the Black Forest in Germany and runs
through Austria, Hungary, and Romania into the Black Sea. 多
瑙河〔位于东欧的一条著名长河，发源于德国的黑林山，流经奥地
利、匈牙利和罗马尼亚，最后注入黑海〕 — see also另见 BLUE
DANUBE
Daph·ne /`daefni: 'daefni/ in ancient Greek stories, a NYMPH
whom the god APOLLO fell in love with. When he tried to have
sex with her, she ran away, praying to the goddess of the Earth
to save her, and so she was changed into a LAUREL tree. 达佛涅
〔古希腊神话中，阿波罗神所爱的仙女，为躲避阿波罗的追求，她向
大地女神求助，于是被化为一棵月桂树〕
Daph. nis and Chlo. e /，daefnis end `klor; daefns end 'kleui
also 又作 Daphnis and Chloe 1 an ancient Greek love stor
about a boy and a girl who are found by SHEPHERDS. They
grow up in the country, fall in love with each other, and finally
get married. 达佛尼斯和克洛伊〔古希腊爱情故事，讲述了被牧羊
人发现的一个男童和女童，他们在乡村一起长大，彼此相爱，最后
结为夫妇)2 a piece of BALLET music based on this story by
Maurice RAVEL《达佛尼斯和克洛伊》〔莫里斯·拉威尔根据同名故
事创作的芭蕾舞乐曲〕
Da Pon. te /dae `pante; dae 'pontei/, Lo. ren. zo /le`renzo; le. 
'renzeu/(1749-1838) an Italian writer and PRODUCER of OP-
ERAS, known especially for writing the words for three of
MOZART'S greatest operas, THE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO, DON
GIOVANNI and COSI FAN TUTTE 达·篷特〔(1749-1838)，意大
利歌剧作家和歌剧制作人，尤以为莫扎特的三部著名歌剧《费加罗
的婚礼》、《唐·乔凡尼》和《女人心》撰写歌词闻名〕
dap. per /daepe; 'daepe/ adj 1 (especially of small men) very
neat in appearance and quick in movements(尤指矮小男人)外
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表整洁而行动敏捷的；短小精悍的；风度翩翩的：a dapper little
salesman in a business suit一个穿西装的矮小精悍的推销员
2 infml nicely dressed【非正式】穿着挺括的
dap. pled/'daepld; 'daepald/ adj marked with cloudy roundish
spots of colour, or of sun and shadow 有斑点的；斑驳的；有花斑
的：a dappled horse 花斑马 | the dappled shade of a tree 斑驳
的树阴
dapple-grey/. /n, adj (a horse that is) grey with spots of
darker grey 灰色并有黑斑的（马）
DAR. the/, di e `ar; di: ei'a:/ abbrev. for 缩写= DAUGHTERS
OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Dar. by and Joan /`darbi end `d3on; , da:bi en 'd3eun/ n [P]
old-fash BrE【过时，英】1 an old husband and wife who live
happily together 白头偕老的夫妇；快乐的老夫妻 2 Darby and
Joan club a club where old men and women can go and spend
time together 老人俱乐部
Dar. cv. Mr /darsi; 'da:si/ the main male character in the novel
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE by Jane AUSTEN. He is attractive. 
intelligent, and very rich, but he seems too proud of his wealth
and his importance in society, and many people in the book
dislike him because of this. 达西〔简·奥斯丁《傲慢与偏见》中的
男主人公。他风度翩翩、聪明而且有钱，但他因为自己有财富和社
会地位而过于自负，书中的其他人物都因此不喜欢他
Dar·da·nelles, the /dardn`slz; , da:de'nelz/ the long narrow
area of sea which connects the European and Asian parts of
Turkey, and which was called the Hellespont in ancient times. 
The important World War I battle at GALLIPOLI took place in
this area. 达达尼尔海峡〔连接土耳其欧亚两部分的狭长海域，古
时被称为赫勒斯滂，第一次世界大战中的加利波利战役即发生在此
地〕
*dare1/der; dee/v 1 [I+to-v/te-v; not usually in progressive
forms 一般不用进行式] to be brave enough or rude enough (to
do something dangerous, difficult, or unpleasant)胆敢，敢于：
How dare you accuse me of lying! 你竟敢指责我说谎！ | That
is as much as I dare tell you. 我敢告诉你的就只有这些。|，
daren't tell you any more, because it's highly confidential
我不敢再多告诉你了，因为那是绝密的。| The government
would never dare (to) increase taxes so soon before the elec
tion. 在快要大选之前，政府决不敢加税。— see 参见 NOT (US
AGE) 2 [T+obj+to-v] to try to persuade (someone) to do some
thing dangerous as a way of proving their bravery; CHALLENGE
向··挑战；激（将），挑激〔某人做某事)：I dared her to jump. 我
挑激她，看她敢不敢跳。| They dared me to spend a night in
the graveyard. 他们来了个激将法，看我敢不敢在墓地里过一晚。
3 [T] fml to be brave enough to face【正式】敢于承担，敢冒··风
险，无惧于·：He dared the anger of the entire family. 他不怕
惹起全家的愤怒。4 who dares wins the official MOTTO(1) of
the SAS 无畏必胜〔英国特种空降部队的座右铭)
*dare2n an invitation to do something dangerous as a way of
proving one's bravery; CHALLENGE 挑战：She jumped off the
bridge for a dare. 她接受挑战从桥上跳了下去，
Dare, Dan — see 参 DAN DARE
dare. dev. il/der, devl; 'deedeval/n a person who is prepared to
take dangerous risks, especially in a very careless way 蛮勇之
人，冒失鬼：a daredevil motorcyclist一个横冲直撞的摩托车手
daren't/darnt; deent/ BrE short for【英】缩略形式= dare not 不
敢：I daren't ask him. 我不敢问他。
dare·say /der`se; , dee'sei/ν I daresay especially BrE I sup. 
pose (that); perhaps【尤英】我想··，也许··：I daresay you're
right. 我想你是对的
Dar-es-Sa-laam /，dar Es se`lam; , da:r es se'la:m/ the former
capital of Tanzania and its main port, on the Indian Ocean. It
is also the main port for Zambia. 达累斯萨拉姆〔坦桑尼亚前首
都及其印度洋主要港口，也是赞比亚的主要港口〕
Dar. in /`daerin; 'daern/. Bobby (1936-1973) a US singer of
popular music who had many successful songs in the 1960s. 
including Dream Lover 达林〔(1936-1973)，美国流行音乐歌
手，20世纪60年代唱过许多脍炙人口的歌曲，包括《梦中情人》)
*dar. ing'/derin; 'dearin/ adj showing bravery and a willing
ness to take risks 勇敢的，大胆的，冒险的； a daring rescue at-
tempt 一个大胆的拯救企图 | a daring escape from prison
次冒险的越狱（行动） |a daring crime 一桩大胆的罪行 | a dar
ing film (=unusual and perhaps shocking) 一部惊世骇俗的电影
~ly adv: a film that's daringly different 一部大胆创新的电
影
*daring2n [U] adventurous bravery or willingness to take risks
勇敢、大胆，敢冒险的勇气：a person/a plan of great daring-
个勇敢无比的人；一个大胆的计划
Dar. jee. ling /dar`d3ilin; da:'d3i:lin/ n 1 a city in the moun-
tains of NE India 大吉岭〔位于印度东北部山区的一座城市)2 a
delicate tea grown on the hills around Darjeeling 大吉岭茶〔产
于大吉岭附近丘陵地区的一种名茶
*dark1/dark; da:k/ adj 1 partly or completely without light 黑暗
的，无光的：昏暗的：too dark to read 暗得不能看书 | In winter
it gets dark here early. 这地方冬季天黑得早。| a dark room
个昏暗的房间| a dark, badly-lit street 一条路灯昏暗的黑漆
漆的街道 — opposite 反义词 LIGHT' 2 tending towards black
深色的，发黑的：a dark green dress 墨绿色的连衣裙 3 having
brown or black hair 〔头发〕褐色的，黑色的 4 having a skin which
is browner than usual for a white person 〔白人〕具有深色皮肤
的 5 having a brown or black skin〔皮肤〕褐色的，黑色的 6 sad:
without much hope; GLOOMY 忧郁的，失意的；希望黯淡的； dark
days ahead 前头黯淡的日子 | Don't always look on the dark
side of things. 不要总是从坏的方面看事情。7 having an evil or
threatening quality; SINISTER 邪恶的，不祥的，阴险的：There's
a dark side to his character. 他性格中有邪恶的一面。| She
gave me a dark look. 她怀有恶意地瞥了我一眼。| He had an
obsession with dark forces. 他对黑势力着了魔。 8 secre; hid-
den 秘密的，隐藏着的：Keep it dark - don't tell anybody! 保
守秘密—不要告诉任何人！ — see also另见 tall. dark. and
handsome (TALL) — ~ly ady: \"We'll see, ” he said darkly, 
“我们走着瞧，”他恶狠狠地说。 — ~ness n[U]
*dark2n 1 [the] the absence of light; darkness 黑暗：Can cats see
in the dark? 猫在黑暗中能看得见东西吗？ | Some children ar
afraio of the dark, 有些小孩子怕黑。 2 [U] the time of day when
there is no light 天黑，晚上：We don't go out after dark. 天黑以
后我们不出去。3 in the dark without knowledge; in a state of
IGNORANCE 无知，全然不知：They kept the public in the dark
about the new missiles. 有关新导弹的事，他们完全不让公众知
道。 — see also 另见 a shot in the dark (SHOT1)
Dark Ag. es, the /'. / n the period in European history from
about AD 500， after the end of the Roman Empire, to abou
1000. It is generally thought of as a time when European soci-
ety was not very developed in art, education, literature etc. 
The Dark Ages were followed by the Middle Ages. People
sometimes mention the Dark Ages when they are talking about
attitudes or behaviour which seem very old-fashioned and no
longer acceptable in the modern world. 黑暗时代〔指公元 500
年罗马帝国灭亡后至公元1000年止的一段欧洲历史，一般被认为
是欧洲历史上艺术、教育、文化等不十分发达的时期，其后为中世
纪。人们有时会用the Dark Ages 来形容那种过时而不被现代社
会接受的态度或行为〕
Dark Con-ti-nent, the /'. / a name given to Africa by Euro
peans in the 19th century. The name suggests that Africa was
then an unknown area (to Europeans), but it is now considered
an offensive name. 黑色大陆〔19世纪时欧洲人对非洲的叫法，
暗示该大陆是欧洲人不熟悉的地区，但现在被认为有冒犯性〕
dark. en /darken; 'da:ken/ v [I; T] 1 to (cause to) become dark
(使)变黑 [暗]：The sky darkened as the storm began. 暴风雨
来临时天空变得黑沉沉。| Darken the green paint by adding
black. 把黑漆加到绿漆里，使绿色变深。| As he read the re-
port his face darkened with anger. 他读着这份报告，生气得脸
色阴沉起来。 — compare 比较 LIGHTEN12 Never darken my
door/these doors again! humor or pomp Don't come back
here again!【幽或夸张】不要再到这里来！
dark glas. ses / ·/ n [P] GLASSES with dark glass to reduce
the amount of light that enters the eyes, worn in strong sun-
shine 墨镜，太阳镜
dark horse/ / n 1 BrE a person who tends to keep their activi
ties, feelings, or intentions secret, and who may have unex-
pected qualities or abilities【英】“黑马”，深藏不露的人〔具有别
人意想不到的才华，而又善于掩饰自己的活动、感情或意图的人)：
I never know what he's thinking -- he's such a dark horse. 我
从来不知道他在想什么——他是那种不露声色的人。2AmE(es
pecially in politics) a person in a competition about whom little
is known and who surprises others by winning【美】〔尤指政治
上不为人所知的〕意外获胜者，“黑马”：Tsongas was the dark
horse of the Democratic candidates. 桑格斯是民主党候选人
中的一匹“黑马”
dark meat /'/ n [U] the darker meat from some parts of a
cooked bird, such as that on the leg 〔禽类经烧煮过后的〕深色肉
<如腿肉等>
dark-room /dark rum; 'da:kru:m/ n a dark room in which pho
tographs can be developed〔显影照片用的〕暗室，暗房，黑房
dark Sa. tan. ic mills /·/ a phrase from William Blake's
HYMN Jerusalem, used to suggest the unpleasant appearance
and poor working conditions of the industrial buildings in the
north of England in the past 撒旦的阴森磨坊〔出自威廉·布莱克
的赞美诗《耶路撒冷》，用以暗示过去英格兰北部厂房内恶劣的工
作环境)：I was invited back to my old school, set among the
0434
once dark Satanic mills of Oldham in Lancashire, 我应邀返
回母校，它的周围曾经是兰开夏郡奥尔德姆的破旧厂区。
dark·y, darkey, darkie /`darki; 'da:ki/ n taboo derog a black
man or woman (considered extremely offensive)【讳，贬】黑鬼
〔对黑人的蔑称]
dar-ling1 /darlin; 'da:lin/ n 1 (used when speaking to someone
you love or to a member of your family 用于称呼所爱的人或家
庭成员)：Hurry up, darling, or we'll be late. 亲爱的，快点儿
吧，不然我们要迟到了。2(used informally as a friendly form
of address, especially by or to a woman; said e. g. by a person
working in a shop or restaurant 非正式的表示友善的称呼，尤为
女性所用或用于女性；例如由商店或餐馆工作人员所说)：What
can I get you, darling? 我能为你做些什么，亲爱的？ 3 a person
who is very lovable or much liked, 非常讨人喜欢的人：深受宠
爱的人，宠儿：My granddaughter is a little darling. 我的孙女
是个可爱的小宝贝。| He used to be the darling of the Estab
lishment until he fell from power. 他失势之前，一直是机构里
的宠儿。
darling2 adj [A] 1 dearly loved 亲爱的：my darling husband/
wifeldaughter 我亲爱的丈夫[妻子；女儿]2 infml(used espe-
cially by women)charming; very nice【非正式】〔尤为妇女所用)
可爱的；漂亮的：What a darling little house!多漂亮的一所小
房子！
Darling, Grace (1815-1842) a British woman whose father was
in charge of a LIGHTHOUSE (=a tower with a flashing light that
guides ships away from dangerous rocks), and who is remem-
bered for bravely rowing (ROW (2) out to sea in a little boat
during a storm to save nine people whose boat had sunk 达琳
(1815-1842), 英国女人，其父是海岸灯塔守护人，因在风暴中勇
敢地划着小船出海救起了9名沉船遇难者而为人牢记〕
Darling Buds of May, The /. ·'/ one of a series of humor-
ous novels by H. E. Bates about the Larkin family, a family of
farmers in southern England during the 1950s. The books were
made into a popular British television programme in the 1990s. 
《可爱的五月蓓蕾》〔H. E. 贝茨创作的系列幽默小说之一，讲述20
世纪50年代住在英格兰南部的农户拉金一家的故事。20世纪90
年代，该系列小说被改编成英国电视剧，广受欢迎
darn'/darn: da:n/ v [I; T] to repair (a hole in cloth or a garment
with a hole in it) by weaving threads through and across _织补，
缝补〔衣服上的破洞)； to darn a sock/the hole in a sock 补袜子
[袜子上的破洞] - darn n
darn2 adj, ady, interj euph for【婉】= DAMN1. 2
darn·ing /`darnin; 'da:nin/ n [U] 1 the work of darning 织补
补缀（工作）2 clothes to be darned 需要补的衣服：a basket of
darning 一篮要缝补的衣物
Dar. row/daero; 'daereu/, Clar. ence /klaerens; 'klaerens/ (1857-
1938)a US lawver known for representing workers and mem-
bers of TRADE UNIONS in court cases. In his most famous case. 
the SCOPES TRIAL, he defended a teacher who was taken to
court for teaching his students about EVOLUTION and the ideas
of Charles DARWIN. 达罗〔(1857-1938), 美国律师, 以在法庭上
代表工人和工会成员著称。在最著名的斯科普斯审判案中，他为一
名因教授进化论和查尔斯·达尔文思想而被带上法庭的教师辩护
dart1 /dart; da:t/ n 1 [C] a small sharp-pointed object to be
thrown, shot etc, especially one used as a weapon or in games
镖，飞镖：a poisoned dart 毒镖 — see also 另见 DARTS 2 [S] a
quick sudden movement in a particular direction〔朝着特定方
向的)急冲，突进：The prisoner made a dart for the door. 囚
犯突然向门口冲去。3 [C] a fold sewn into a garment to make it
fit better〔衣服上的〕缝褶
dart2v1 [I+adv/prep] to move suddenly and quickly 突进，急
冲； He darted towards the doorlacross the road, 他飞奔着冲
向门口[横穿马路]。| The fish darted under the rock. 鱼儿突
然游到礁石下面。2 [T+obj+adv/prep] to throw or send out
suddenly and quickly 急投，突射：The snake darted out its
tongue. 蛇突然吐出了信子。| He darted an angry look at me
他怒气冲冲地向我瞪了一眼。
d'Artagn. an /dar`taenjen; da:'taenjen/ one of the main char-
acters in the novel The THREE MUSKETEERS by Alexandre
DUMAS. He is a friend of the three musketeers, and together
they have many exciting adventures, 达达尼昂〔亚历山大·大仲
马《三剑客》中的主人公之一，是三个火枪手的朋友，他们一起经历
了种种激动人心的奇遇〕
dart·board /`dart bord; 'da:tbo:d/n a circular board at which
darts are thrown in games〔投掷飞镖的〕圆靶
Darth Va. der /dar0 `veda; da:0 'veide/ an evil character in
the films STAR WARS, The Empire Strikes Back, and Return of
the Jedi. He wears black clothes, has a black MASK that covers
all of his face, and talks in a strange and frightening voice. 达
斯·维达〔电影《星球大战》、《帝国反击战》和《杰迪的归来》中的邪
恶人物。他穿黑色衣服，黑色面具遮住了整张脸，说起话来声音奇
怪而可怕〕
Dar. ting-ton Hall /dartinten `hol; , da:tinten 'ho:l/ the name
of a school and a music college in Devon, SW England. The
school, which closed in 1990， was famous for its PROGRES
SIVE methods, and many LEFT-WING politicians, artists, and
writers sent their children there. The music college has an im-
portant summer school, where people go to be taught by fa-
mous musicians. 达廷顿学堂〔英格兰西南部德文郡内一所学校
和音乐学院的名称。该校以其先进的教学方法著称，已于1990年
关闭。许多左翼政治家、艺术家和作家把他们的儿女送到那里读
书。该音乐学院开办了一所极具影响力的暑期学校，由著名的音乐
家前来授课〕
Dart·moor /dartmur; 'da:tmue/ 1 a large area of moor (=wild, 
open country with rough grass and low bushes) in Devon. 
in the southwest of England, which is a National Park 达特
穆尔〔位于英格兰西南德文郡内的大面积漠泽地区，为国家公园)
2 Dartmoor Prison, a prison in the centre of Dartmoor, far from
any towns, where many dangerous criminals are kept 达特穆
尔监狱〔位于达特穆尔荒野山地的中心，远离市镇，那里关押着许
多重犯〕
Dartmoor po·ny /. · '·/ n a type of small, wild horse that lives
on Dartmoor 达特穆尔矮种马 — compare 比较 EXMOOR PONY
Dart. mouth /`dartme0; 'da:tme0/ 1 a port in Devon, SW
England. Many officers of the British navy are trained in the
Royal Naval College there. 达特茅斯〔英格兰西南德文郡一港口，
许多英国海军军官在该地的皇家海军学院受训)2 Dartmouth
College a private university in New Hampshire in the US. It is
one of the universities in the IVY LEAGUE (=a group of old and
respected colleges). 达特茅斯学院〔位于美国新罕布什尔州的一
所私立大学，为常春藤盟校之一〕
darts /darts; da:ts/ n [U] any of several games in which DARTS
(1)are thrown at a circular board(a DARTBOARD)掷飞镖（游
戏)：They were playing darts in the bar. 他们在酒吧里玩掷飞
镖游戏。— see Feature on page B23 参见 B23 页文化特写
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the UK, darts is usu-
ally played in PUBS. Darts competitions are shown on tele
vision, and the STEREOTYPE of a darts plaver is a WORKING-
CLASS man with a fat stomach who drinks a lot of beer. 在
英国, 掷飞镖游戏一般在小酒馆里玩。掷飞镖比赛通过电视播
出，典型的玩家是大腹便便、爱喝啤酒的工人阶级男子
Dar. win /darwin; 'da:wn/ a city and important port in N Aus-
tralia 达尔文〔澳大利亚北部城市和重要港口〕
Darwin, Charles (1809-1882) a British scientist who devel-
oped the THEORY OF EVOLUTION, the idea that plants and ani-
mals develop gradually from simpler to more complicated
forms by NATURAL SELECTION. This is the process by which
only plants and animals that are naturally suitable for life in
their environment will continue to live, while all others will
die. He wrote about his ideas in his book On the Origin of
Species(1859), and this caused a lot of argument because some
people thought his ideas were an attack on the description given
in the Bible of the way life began. 达尔文〔(1809-1882)，英国
科学家，提出了进化论，即植物和动物是通过自然淘汰由简单向复
杂逐步进化的学说。在这个过程中，惟有那些能够适应自然生活环
境的植物和动物得以继续生存，而其余的物种则遭绝灭。他在《物
种起源》(1859)一书中阐述了自己的想法，并引起了大量争议，因
为有人认为这是对《圣经》中所描述的生命起源方式的攻击〕— see
Cultural Note at 参见 EVOLUTION 文化注释 - Darwinian adj:
the Darwinian theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论
Dar·win·is. m /`darwinizem; 'da:wnizem/ n [U] the THEORY
OF EVOLUTION, the idea that plants and animals develop gradu-
ally from simpler to more complicated forms by NATURAL SE-
LECTION, which is the process by which only plants and ani-
mals that are naturally suitable for life in their environment
will continue to live, while all others will die 达尔文主义〔即植
物和动物是通过自然淘汰由简单向复杂逐步发展的进化论学说，这
是一个大自然中物竞天择的过程〕
dash1 /daef; daef/ν1 [I+adv/prep] to run quickly, especially
when hurrying 冲，猛冲：He dashed across the streetlup the
stairs. 他冲过马路[上楼梯]。| They've been dashing about
all day. 他们整天在跑来跑去。| I must dash (off) - I've got
to catch a train. 我必须赶快跑——我还要去赶火车。— see参
见 RUN(USAGE) 2 [I+prep; T+obj+prep] to (cause to) strike
violently, often resulting in damage or destruction(使)冲击，
(使)猛撞：The waves dashed (the boat) against the rocks. 海
浪 （把小船） 猛撞到岩石上。| In her fury, she dashed all the
plates to the floor. 她一生气起来，把所有的碟子都摔到地上去
0435
了。3[T] to put an end to (especially hopes)使破灭，使受挫
(尤指希望)：The injury dashed his hopes of running in the
Olympics. 由于受了伤，他参加奥运会的希望破灭了。4[TlBrE
euph for【英, 婉】= DAMN2: Dash it all, I've lost agair! 该死
的，我又输了！
dashsthg. off phr v [T] to write or draw quickly and with-
out serious attention 急写，急草：to dash off a letter 匆匆草成
一封信
dash2n 1 [S] a sudden quick run 奔，冲，急跑：The prisoners
made a dash for freedom. 囚犯逃奔自由。2 [C usually sing
般用单数] a short race for runners; SPRINT2(2)短距离赛跑
冲刺：the 100-yard dash 100码短跑 3 [C (of)] a small amount
of something mixed with or added to something else〔加添、掺
入的)少许，少量：a dash of pepper/colour 掺点儿胡椒粉[颜
色] 4 [C] a mark(-) used in writing and printing〔书写和印刷
中的)破折号：The dash is longer than the hyphen. 破折号比连
字符稍长一些。 — compare 比较 HYPHEN 5 [U] a combination
of bravery, style, and self-confidence; PANACHE 魄力，锐气
气派：趾高气扬，炫耀 6 [(the)S] the sound of liquid hitting
something 液体碰撞物体时发出的声音：the dash of the waves
against the side of the ship 海浪撞击船舷的声音 7 [C] a long
sound or flash of light used in sending messages by MORSE
CODE(莫尔斯电码的)长划〔以一长音或一条长光线表示〕-com
pare 比较 DOT'(2) 8 [Cl especially AmE a dashboard【尤美】
〔汽车的〕仪表板 9 cut a dash to make people admire you be-
cause of your appearance and style 引人注目；打扮[风度]潇洒
有气派
dash·board /`daef bord; 'daefbo; d/ also 又作 dash especiglly
AmE【尤美】- n the instrument board in a car 〔汽车的〕仪表板
dashed /daeft; daeft/ adj [A] BrE old-fash euph for【英，过时，
婉】= DAMN' (1)：That dashed cat! He's here again! 那该死的
猫，又来了！
dash. ing /`daefin; 'daefin/ adj having style and self-confidence
有锐气的；充满魄力的：a dashing young officer 朝气蓬勃的青
年军官 — ~ly adv
Das Kapital — see 参见 KAPITAL. DAS
dast·ardly /daesto-dli; 'daestedli/ adj old-fash behaving like a
coward and a BULLY【过时】懦怯的，欺软怕硬的
DAT/, di e `ti; , di: ei 'ti:/ trademark, abbrev. for 缩写= digital
audio tape; a system used to record music, sound, or informa-
tion in DIGITAL form. DAT produces sound of very high quality. 
【商标】数码录音磁带〔以数码形式记录音乐、声音或信息的一种方
式，音质还原性极佳
da·ta /`dete; 'deite/ n [P; U] 1 facts; information 资料，材料：We
can't tell you the results of the survey until we have looked at
all the data. 在没有看完所有的资料之前，我们不能够告诉你调
查结果。2 information in a form that can be processed by and
stored in a computer system 〔电脑的〕数据，资料：We use a key. 
board to input the data. 我们用键盘把数据输入电脑。
USAGE 用法说明 Although it is plural in its Latin form
data is now coming to be used as an uncountable noun. 虽
然 data 这个词在拉丁语中是复数形式，现在却渐渐用作不可
数名词：These data are very interesting. (这些资料很有
趣。)| This data is very interesting. (这份资料很有趣。
Some people still do not like this uncountable use of the
word. 有些人仍然不喜欢把这个词当作不可数名词来用。
da·ta·base /`dete, bes; 'deite, beis/ also 又作 data bank /'· ·/
n a large collection of data that is stored in a computer system
in such a way that it can easily be found by a computer user
〔电脑系统的〕数据库，资料库
database man·age. ment sys. tem /. . . /n a system used
in a computer that organizes the arrangement of data in a data-
base and controls entry to, the putting in of, and the taking out
of that data(电脑)数据库管理系统
data bus /'. /n tech an electrical path along which data flows
between different parts of a computer system【术语】数据总线
资料汇流排〔电脑传送数据的通路〕
Da. ta. post /'detepost; 'deitepeust/ trademark a special type of
service in the UK for sending urgent letters and packages, both
to places in the UK and to other countries【商标】〔英国邮政)特
快投递业务：I'd like to send these packages (by) Datapost
please. 这些包裹我想用特快邮寄
data pro. cess. ing /. '. / n [U] the use of data by computers
〔电脑的〕数据处理，资料处理
Data Pro. tec. tion Act, the /. . . ·/ a British law, fully ef-
fective since 1987， that protects people against the misuse of
information about them stored on computers, and makes it
necessary for people who hold personal information on com
puters to REGISTER with an authority 资料保护条例〔1987年起
全面生效的英国法律，旨在保护人们储存在电脑中的个人资料不被
滥用，并要求拥有个人电脑资料的人员向官方登记〕
*date1/det; deit/ n 1 a stated point in time shown by one or more
of the following: the number of the day, the month, and the
year (but not usually by the month alone)日期，年月日：年代
〔通常不单指月份)：The date on the coin is 1921. 这块硬币上
的年份是1921年。|“What's the date today?” “It's the third
of August. ” “今天是几月几号？” “今天是8月3日。”|They
agreed to discuss the details of the contract at a later date
(=at some time in the future)他们同意迟些再讨论合同的细节。
The closing date for this competition (=the date after which
entries will not be accepted) is December 31st, 1993. 参加是
项比赛之截止日期为1993年12月31日。2 a fixed arrangement
to meet at a particular time and place 会面（时间和地点）的约
定：The two leaders have not yet set a date for their next
meeting. 两位领导人尚未约定下次会面的时间和地点。| The
sixth is OK? Well, let's make that a date then. 本月 6号行吗？
好的，就定在那一天了。3 infml【非正式】a a planned social
meeting between a man and woman, or boy and girl〔异性间
的)社交约会，幽会：Does your mother let you go out on dates?
你母亲让你出去与异性约会吗？ — see also 另见 BLIND DATE b
especially AmE a person with whom one has this sort of ar-
rangement【尤美】约会的对象：Of course you can bring your
date to the party. 你当然可以把你约会的人带来参加聚会。-
see also 另见 DATE2 (5)， DOUBLE DATE 4 to datefml until today:
yet【正式】直到目前为止；迄今：We made our offer four weeks
ago but we have not had a reply to date. 我们提出建议已经 4
个星期了，但是至今还没有得到答复。 — see also 另见 OUT-OF-
DATE, UP-TO-DATE
*date2v1 [T] to guess or decide the date of 推断·的年代；鉴定·的
年代：The archaeologists have dated the building to about
250BC. 考古学家判断这座建筑物大约建于公元前250年。2[T]
to write the date on 在··上写日期：The leaked document was
datec June 11th. 被泄露的文件是 6月 11日签发的。 3 [I] to
begin to seem unfashionable; become DATED 过时，不流行：His
songs are so good that they have hardly dated at all. 他的歌
曲非常优美，几乎一点都不显得过时。4 [T] to show clearly the
age of 显示出年纪：He's got a big collection of Beatles records
so that dates him rather! 他收藏了大量甲壳虫乐队的唱片，这
很能说明他有多大年纪了！5 [I; T] infml, especially AmE to go
on or have a DATE'(3) with (someone or each other)【非正式，
尤美】与人约会；互相约会：She's been dating him for months
but it's still not very serious. 她跟他已约会几个月了，但他们
的关系还不是十分认真的。| They've been dating (each other)
since April. 他们从4月份起就一直彼此约会。 — see also 另见
BLIND DATE - datable, dateable adj
date back to sthg. also 又作 date from sthg. - phr v [T no
pass. 无被动语态] to have lasted or existed since 回溯至·年
代，始于··，自·存在至今：This church dates back to 1173. 这
所教堂是远在1173年建的。| The custom dates from the time
when men wore swords. 这项习俗始于人类佩带刀剑的时代
date3n a small fruit with a long stone inside, which grows on a
tree (date palm) in hot dry countries and turns brown and sweet
as it dries 〔枣椰树结的)枣：pressed dates 蜜枣
dat·ed /`detid; 'deitd/ adj clearly belonging to a former time:
old-fashioned; OUTMODED 过时的；老式的：It was a good film
when it came out, but it looks rather dated now. 这部影片刚
拍出来时非常好，但现在看起来就相当过时了
date-line /`det lain; 'deitlain/ n 1 INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
国际日期变更线，日界线 2 a line in a newspaper article that gives
its date and place of origin 电讯电头〔新闻稿上注明的发稿日期
与地点)
Dateline trademark a very large British DATING AGENCY that
uses computers to find partners for people【商标】“日界线”婚
姻交友介绍所〔英国一家利用电脑为人们寻找伴侣的机构〕
date-mark /'/ n [U] a mark showing the date, especially a
letter (date-letter) stamped on gold or silver PLATE'(5) show-
ing the date when the object was made 〔尤指盖在物品镀金或镀
银部分的)（制作）日期标记：The date-mark on this teapot shows
it to be about a hundred years old. 这柄茶壶上的日期印记表
明它有100年左右的历史。- date-mark ν[T]
date of birth /，. ·'/ n the date on which someone was born出
生日期：Give full personal details, including date of birth. 给
出全部个人资料，包括出生日期。|Date of birth:2. 4. 1972. 出
生日期：1972年4月2日。
date rape /'/ n [C; U] the RAPE of a woman by a man that she
knows and usually that she has spent the evening with socially
约会强奸（案）〔指女性被认识的、通常在晚间与自己约会的男子强
奸)：Date rape is an under-reported crime on many campuses
0436
约会强奸是许多校园里发生的一种没有得到充分披露的犯罪案。
date stamp/'/ n 1 a stamp with letters and numbers that car
be changed according to the date one wants for recording the
date one sends or receives a letter, pays a bill etc日期戳 2 the
mark made by such a stamp 日期戳印 - date stamp ν[T]
dating a. gen. cy /'. ，. . / n an organization which brings to
gether people who want to meet others, usually for the pur-
pose of forming a social and sexual relationship, sometimes
leading to marriage. People pay for this service and fill in a
form giving details about themselves and the kind of persor
they would like to meet, or sometimes make a VIDEO of them
selyes, 婚姻交友介绍所 - — see also 另见 COMPUTER DATING
AGENCY
Dating Game, The /'. ，/ a television programme in the US ir
which one person chooses a partner from three people that they
cannot see, by asking them silly questions. They then go away
for a short holiday together, and go back on the programme
the next week to talk about their experiences and say whether
they liked each other. There is a similar programme on British
television called BLIND DATE. 《约会游戏》〔美国的一档电视节目，
参加者通过问一些可笑的问题从三个见不到面的人中选出一位搭
档，然后一起去度个短假，下周同一节目中讲述此次经历并表达是
否喜欢对方。英国有一个类似的节目称《初次约会》〕
da·tive /`detiv; 'deitiv/ n tech a particular form of a noun in
certain languages, such as Latin and German, which shows
that the noun is the INDIRECT OBJECT of a verb【术语】〔某些语
言语法中的〕间接宾语- dative adj
daub1/dob; do; b/y 1 [T] to cover with something soft and sticky
涂抹，沾污：[+obj+with] His clothes were daubed with mud
and oil. 他的衣服沾上了泥和油污。| to daub the wall with paint
用油漆涂墙壁 | [+obj+on] She daubed paint on the wall. 她在
墙上涂油漆。— see 参见 SPREAD (USAGE) 2 [I] infml to paint
pictures without much skill【非正式】拙劣地绘，乱画
daub2n 1 [U] mud or clay for making walls〔抹墙用的)泥巴和
黏土，涂料 — see also 另见 WATTLE AND DAUB 2 [C] a small
bit of a soft or sticky substance 少量软而黏的物质：a daub of
paint/of butter 少量的油漆[黄油] 3 [C] a badly painted pic-
ture 拙劣的图画
*daugh. ter /dote; 'do:te/n 1 someone's female child 女儿：The
have two daughters and a son, 他们有两个女儿和一个儿子。
a present for their baby daughter 送给他们幼小女儿的一件礼
物 | Our daughter is getting married on Saturday. 我们的女
儿星期六结婚。2 something thought of as a daughter 产物，后
代：French is a daughter (language) of Latin. 法语源于拉丁
语。
daughter-in-law /'···/n pl. daughters-in-law, daughter-in-
laws the wife of one's son. In the West the daughter-in-law
does not usually become so much part of her husband's family
as she does in some other societies 儿媳，媳妇〔在西方国家，儿
媳通常不像在其他社会那样融入丈夫的家庭〕 — compare 比较
SON-IN-LAW
daugh·ter. ly /`doteli; 'do:teli/ adj fml having the qualities of a
good daughter. This is an uncommon word that most people
would avoid using. 【正式】具有好女儿优点的；尽女儿孝心的，女
儿的〔该词不常见，人们大都避免使用)：daughterly concern for
her parents 对父母尽女儿孝心的关怀
Daughters of the A·me. r·i·can Rev·o·lu·tion, the /. 
·. · ·'·/ also 又作 DAR, the an organization in the US for
women whose families have been in the US since the AMERICAN
REVOLUTIONARY WAR. Its members are very PATRIOTIC and
generally support RIGHT-WING political ideas, 美国革命女儿〔一
个妇女组织，其成员的家自美国独立战争起一直在美国定居，他们
十分爱国，一般都支持右翼政治思想
daunt /dont; do:nt/ v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] 1 to cause to
lose courage or determination; DISHEARTEN 使胆怯，使畏缩. 
使气馁：He didn't seem daunted by the difficulties facing him. 
他面对困难似乎并不气馁。| The examination questions were
rather daunting. 考试的试题（难得）令人寒心。 — see also另
见 UNDAUNTED 2 nothing daunted fml not discouraged by
difficulties【正式】困难吓不倒的，毫不泄气的：The rockface
looked very steep but, nothing daunted, he started climbing. 
崖壁显得非常险峻，但他毫无惧色，开始向上攀登
daunt·less /dontlis: 'do:ntles/ adj especially lit not easily dis-
couraged; fearless【尤文】不气馁的；无畏的，不屈不挠的：daunt-
less fighters 不屈不挠的战士 — ~ly adv
dau·phin /`dofin; 'deufaen/ n (often cap. 常用大写) the oldes
son of the king of France in former times〔古时〕法国皇太子
(的称号)
dav·en·port /`daevenp ort; 'daevanpo:t/ n AmE a large SOFA
often one which can be changed into a bed【美】坐卧两用沙发
Da. vid /`devid: 'deived/ a STATUE of a young man made by the
artist MICHELANGELO, which can be seen in Florence, Italy. It
is considered to be one of the best examples of the human form
in art. 《大卫》〔艺术家米开朗琪罗创作的一尊雕塑作品，为一年轻
男子形象，坐落在意大利的佛罗伦萨，被认为是最出色的人体艺术
作品之一) — see colour picture on page A8 参见A8页彩图
David, Elizabeth (1914-1992) a British writer of COOKERY
BOOKs. known especially for writing about french and Medi-
terranean dishes 戴维〔(1914-1992)，英国烹饪读物作家，尤以
撰写法国和地中海菜肴的食谱闻名〕
David, King (died around 962 BC) in the Old Testament of the
Bible, one of the Kings of Israel, who is also believed to have
written some of the Psalms. His friendship with Jonathan is
thought of as an example of a perfect, loyal friendship between
two people. When David was a boy, he killed the GIANT (=
very tall, strong man) GOLIATH by hitting him on the head with
a stone thrown from his SLING. People sometimes use the names
David and Goliath to describe a situation in which a small
and less powerful person or group is fighting a much larger
and more powerful person or group. 大卫〔（卒于公元前约 962
年)，《圣经·旧约》中的一位以色列国王，被认为撰写过《圣经·诗
篇》中的一些赞美诗。他与约拿丹的情谊被视为两人间完美忠诚友
谊的典范。在孩提时代，他就用弹弓和一颗石子射死了巨人哥利
亚。人们有时用他们的名字 David and Goliath(大卫和哥利亚)
来形容弱小者与强者的斗争〕
David, St the PATRON SAINT of Wales, who lived in the 6th
century. St David's Day, Ist March, is celebrated as the Welsh
national day, 圣大卫〔威尔士的主保圣人，生活于公元6世纪，3
月1日圣大卫节是威尔士的民族节日〕
David Cop. per. field /devid `kapafild; deivd 'kopefi:ld
(1849-1850) a novel by Charles DICKENS which describes the
life of its main character, David Copperfield, from the time
when he was a poor ORPHAN (=a child whose parents have
both died). It is one of Dickens's most popular books, and is
partly based on his own life. Many people know its characters. 
including Mr MICAWBER and Uriah HEEP. 《大卫·科波菲尔》，又
译《块肉余生记》〔(1849-1850)，查尔斯·狄更斯创作的一部小说，
描述了主人公大卫·科波菲尔自一名贫苦孤儿起的一生遭遇。它是
狄更斯最受人欢迎的小说之一，有一部分源于他自己的生活经历。
不少人熟悉书中的人物，包括麦考伯先生和尤赖亚·黑普〕
Da. vies /`devis; 'deivs/, Sir Peter Maxwell (1934- ) an En-
glish COMPOSER(=writer of music)戴维斯〔(1934-)，英国作
曲家〕
da Vinci. Leonardo — see 参见 LEONARDO DA VINCI
Da·vis /devis; 'deivs/, An·ge. la /aend3ile; 'aend3le/ (1944-)a
LEFT-WING black US woman who worked actively to achieve
social and political changes in the US 戴维斯〔(1944-)，美国
黑人女子，左翼人士，曾积极活动以实现美国社会和政治的变革)
Davis, Bet·te /`beti; 'beti/ (1908-1989) one of America's great-
est film actresses, who often appeared as characters who were
not specially beautiful but were very determined, and who se
cretly made clever or dishonest plans to get what they wanted. 
She was also known for her beautiful eyes. Her films include
Jezebel (1938)， Now Voyager (1942)， All About Eve (1950)，
and Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)戴维斯〔 (1908-
1989), 美国最著名的电影女演员之一，经常饰演不是特别漂亮但
意志十分坚定、暗地里要些小聪明或骗人的花样以达到目的的角
色，她还以拥有漂亮的眼睛著名。演出过的影片包括《红衫泪痕》
(1938)、《嗨，航海家》(1942)、《彗星美人》(1950)和《婴孩简出
了什么事》(1962)〕
Davis, Jefferson (1808-1889) a US politician who was Presi-
dent of the CONFEDERACY (=the Southern US states) during
the American CIVIL War, from 1861 to 1865 戴维斯〔(1808
1889), 美国政治家，1861年至1865年美国内战期间任南部联邦
总统〕
Davis, Miles /mailz; mailz/ (1926-1991) a US musician who
played the TRUMPET and led his own jazz band. He is greatly
admired as an imaginative musician who had an important in-
fluence on the development of JAZZ. 戴维斯〔(1926-1991), 美
国小号演奏家和爵士乐队领队，他是一名富有想像力的音乐家，对
爵士乐的发展产生重大影响，极受人崇拜)
Davis, Steve /stiv; sti:v/ (1958- ) a British SNOOKER player
who was extremely successful in the 1980s. He played very
calmly and quietly, and was often called ‘boring' as a joke. 戴
维斯〔(1958-)，英国落袋台球运动员，20世纪80年代极为成功
他在打球时非常冷静、沉默，常被人戏称为“乏味的人”〕
Davis Cup, the /·. '/ an important international men's TENNIS
competition, played between teams of players representing their
countries 戴维斯杯国际男子网球团体赛
dav·it /`daevit; 'daevt/ n either of a pair of long curved poles
0437
that swing out over the side of a ship for lowering boats etc〔轮
船上的〕吊艇架[杆]
Da·vy /`deyi: 'deivi/, Sir Hum·phrey /`hvmfri: 'hamfri/ (1778. 
1829) a British scientist who invented the Dayy lamp, an oil
lamp that could be used in coal mines without causing explo-
sions. He also discovered several ELEMENTS (=basic chemical
ubstances), including CALCIUM, SODIUM, and POTASSIUM. 戴
维〔(1778-1829)，英国科学家，曾发明戴维灯，一种在煤矿中使用
不会引起爆炸的油灯。他还发现了钙、钠、钾等几种化学元素〕
Davy Jones's lock·er /，devi d3onziz `lake; , deivi d3eunzz
loke/ an old-fashioned humorous name for the bottom of the
sea, where people who die at sea are said to be 海底葬身之处
(过时的幽默名称)：The old pirate's in Davy Jones's locker
now. 那个老海盗现在已葬身海底。
daw·dle /`dodL 'do:dl/ v [I] infml to waste time; move or do
something very slowly【非正式】闲荡，游手好闲：磨蹭：He
dawdled all morning/all the way to school. 他浪费了整个早
上；他在上学的途中磨磨蹭蹭的。| The children dawdled over
their food. 孩子们吃饭慢慢腾腾的。-- -dler n
Dawes Plan, the /`doz plaen; 'do:z plaen/ a plan developed by
Charles G. Dawes, a US politician, to help Germany to pay its
REPARATIONS(=money paid by a defeated country) after World
WarI道威斯计划〔美国政治家查尔斯·G. 道威斯为帮助德国在第
次世界大战后偿还赔款而制定的计划〕
Daw·kins /`dokinz; 'do:kinz/, Richard (1941- ) a British sci-
entist with a special interest in EVOLUTION. He is known espe-
cially for his book The Selfish Gene, in which he says that
humans, plants, and animals are built by GENES (=the parts of
a cell which control qualities that are passed on to a living
thing from its parents) so that the genes can continue to exist. 
He is often on British television and radio, and is also knowr
for strongly opposing the belief in God, 道金斯〔(1941- )，英
国科学家，对进化论有特殊兴趣，尤以作品《自私的基因》闻名。他
在书中谈到人类、植物和动物都由基因构成，因此基因能继续存在
下去。他常出现在电视和广播节目中，还以强烈反对信仰上帝著称)
dawn1 /don; do; n/ n 1 [C; U] also又作 daybreak -- the time of
day when light first appears; the first appearance of light in the
sky before the sun rises 黎明，拂晓：The postman has to get up
before dawn every day. 邮差每天天亮以前就得起床。| the still. 
ness of a summer dawn 夏日黎明时分的寂静 | We drove all
night and arrived just as dawn was breaking, 我们开了一夜
汽车，正好在天破晓时到达。- — compare 比较 DUSK 2 [the (of)]
the beginning or first appearance of a new period, idea, feeling
etc 开端，萌芽：the dawn of civilization/of hope/of the new tech-
nology 文明[希望：新科技]的开端 3 at (the) break of dawn at
the first light of day 曙光初露，破晓时分
dawn2v [I] (of the day, morning etc) to begin to grow light just
before the sun rises 露曙光，破晓，天亮：The morning dawned
fresh and clear after the storm. 暴风雨过后的清晨，天一破晓
便万里晴空，空气清新。
dawn on/upon sbdy. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to be. 
come known by 开始明白，醒悟：It suddenly/gradually dawned
on me that I'd caught the wrong train. 我突然发觉 [渐渐才发
现]我乘错了火车
dawn cho·rus /，. / n [often the 常用定冠词] loud singing by
many different birds together at dawn 破晓时的百鸟啼鸣声
dawn raid / '/ n an early morning attack or police action 黎明
突袭；〔警方的〕黎明突击搜捕：(fig 喻) a dawn raid on the ail-
ing company's shares 那家处境困难的公司股票暴跌
day /de; dei/ n 1 [C] a period of 24 hours〔24小时长的)一天，-
日：There are seven days in a week. 一星期有7天。| the day
before yesterday 前天| the day after tomorrow 后天| the
last day of our vacation 我们假期的最后一天 | Christmas Day
was a Wednesday last year. 去年圣诞节那天是星期三。— see
also 另见 DAYS1·2, see 参见 USAGE 2 IC: Ul the time between
sunrise and sunset 白天，白昼：Call me in the evening as I'm
usually out during the day. 晚上给我打电话好了，因为白天我
常常在外面。| It rained all day and all night. 雨下了整整一天
一夜。3 [C] a period of work within a 24-hour period 工作的一
天：She works an eight-hour day and a five-day week. 她每天
工作8小时，每周工作5天。| She's paid by the day. 她按日计
酬。| Did you have a good day at the office?你在办公室一天
工作顺利吗？-— see also 另见 WORKING DAY 4 [Cl also 又作
days pl. -- a particular period or point of time 〔特定的)时代，
时期：Young people have a lot of freedom these days/in this
day and age. (=now) 如今青年人很自由。| In the days before
the war/In those days/In my day (=in the past), things were
different. 在战前[那个年代；我那个时代]，情况完全不一样。|
Some day/One day (=at some time in the future) we'l take a
trip to China. 总有一天我们会到中国旅行。- — see also 另见
DAYS' 5 [S] a period of success or fame 功成名就的时期，黄金
时代，全盛时期：In her day, she was a very well-known singer. 
她在走红的时候是个非常出名的歌星。| He used to be a very
good actor, but I'm afraid he's had his day now, (=he is no
longer good or popular)他曾是个非常出色的演员，但恐怕他辉
煌的日子已成过去。6 [the] lit a struggle, battle, or compe-tition
【文】拼搏，战斗，竞赛：to lose/win the day 输了：赢了 7 by day
during the day (especially when compared with by night)日
间，白天〔尤与 by night （晚上）相比较时用)：He works in an
office by day and drives a taxi by night. 他白天在办公室工作，
晚上开出租车。- — see also 另见 DAYS28 day after day/day in
day out continuously for many days 天天，一天又一天； It went
on raining day after day. 雨一连下了好多天。 9 day and night
all the time 一天到晚，日夜，不停地：noisy neighbours who play
their radio day and night 日夜不断开着收音机的喧闹邻居 10
from day to day/day by day each day; as time goes on一天
天：每天：一天比一天地，日益：The situation changes from day
to day. 形势每天都在变化。11 from one day to the next two
days in a row 一连两天：I never know her plans from one day
to the next. 我从来不知道她今天到明天的计划是什么。12g0
ahead/on, make my day a phrase made famous by an Ameri-
can film by Clint Eastwood, when he was carrying a gun and
inviting his enemy to make a move so that he would have a
reason to shoot him 来吧，让我高兴高兴〔该短语因克林特·伊斯
特伍德演出的一部美国电影而出名。影片中，他端着枪挑逗敌人动
一步，好让他有理由向他开枪〕13 have a nice day a phrase used
especially in the US, when saying goodbye to someone during
the day 祝你愉快〔白天道别时所说的话，尤其在美国使用〕14
make someone's day infml to make someone very pleased
and happy【非正式】使某人感到异常高兴：It made her day when
her grandchildren came to see her. 她的孙儿孙女来看她，使
她高兴得不得了。15 the other day in the recent past 前几天，
日前：I saw your friend the other day. 前几天我见到了你的朋
友。16 to the day (of time) exactly 恰好，刚好：We left Spair
one year ago to the day. (=exactly one year ago)我们离开西
班牙正好1年了。17 to this day until now 至今：I haven't
told him the whole story to this day! 我至今还没有把全部情
况告诉他！ 18 that'll be the day! spoken said when you think
that something is very unlikely to happen【口】那一天永远等
不来！[认为某件事不可能发生时说的话]：“Does he spend a
lng time doing his homework?\" \"That'll be the day!\"\"他
是不是花很长时间去做家庭作业？” “哪里有这样的事！”|That'll
be the day -- when Bridget decides to get married. 怎会有那
么一天 --布里奇特决定要结婚。19 it's not your day also又
作 it's not your week, year, decade etc spoken said when
several problems or unpleasant things have happened to you
in one day【口】今天真倒霉〔一天中不如意的事接连发生时所说
的话)：I missed my bus, I left my lunch at home -- it just
hasn't been my day. 我没赶上公共汽车，又把午饭忘在家里-
今天真倒霉。| It's not my day, really -- I've never had to ask
Robert for help before. 今天实在倒霉 ——我以前从来没有非求
罗伯特帮忙不可。20 in the cold light of day if you think about
a difficult or exciting situation in the cold light of day, you
think about it later when you are calm enough to understand
the true meaning of it 头脑冷静时：In the cold light of day, the
arguments all seemed so ridiculous. 冷静下来想一想，所有的
争吵真是太可笑了。| You've been playing and training for
three years without stopping. In the cold light of day you'll
come to realise that you just cannot do it all the time. 3年来
你不停地参加比赛和训练。你要是哪天冷静想一想就会明白不能老
是这样下去了。21 from day one spoken from the beginning
【口】自一开始时：It's been a difficult project from day one, 
but that doesn't mean we're going to stop trying. 从一开始工
程就很难进行，但是这并不意味我们会放弃尝试。[ Chuck is a
great coach, and he hasn't changed from day one, 查克是一
名优秀的教练，自始至终都没有改变。- — see also 另见 in all my
born days (BORN2), call it a day (CALL1), at the end of the
day (END1)
USAGE 用法说明 If today is Wednesday, then Monday
was the day before yesterday and Friday will be the day
after tomorrow. 如果今天是星期三，那么 the day before
yesterday （前天）就是星期一，而 the day after tomorrow
(后天)就是星期五。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Days of the week In both
the US and the UK, Monday is the first day of the working
week and school week, and people often joke about how
0438
much they hate Mondays because they don't want to go
back to work or school. 一周的工作日：在美国和英国，星期
是一周工作和学习的第一天。人们常常开玩笑说多么痛恨
星期一，因为他们不想回去上班或上学
The weekend The weekend consists of Friday night
Saturday, and Sunday. Most people are very happy on Fri-
day because it is the last day of the school or working week
and they sometimes use the expression 'Thank God it's
Friday!'Friday nights and Saturday nights are when people
usually have parties or go to performances, restaurants etc
On Saturdays during the day people are often busy shop
ing, playing or watching sports, visiting friends, and do
ing things that they do not have time to do during the week
such as cleaning their house. Sunday is typically a quieter
day when people tend to rest and relax. Traditionally people
spend time with their families and have a big meal together
Christians usually go to church on Sunday. It is also the
day when many stores are closed, or open for fewer hours
than during the rest of the week. 周末：周末包括星期五的夜
晚、星期六和星期日。星期五大多数人都非常高兴，因为这是
周学习或工作的最后一天。人们有时会说“Thank God it's
Friday!(感谢上帝，今天是星期五！)”。星期五和星期六的夜
晚一般是人们聚会、看表演、上饭馆等的时间。星期六白天，人
们经常忙着购物、娱乐或者是看体育比赛、访友以及做些一周
内没有时间做的事，如打扫房间等。星期天人们想要休息和放
松一下，一般比较安静。按照习惯，常与自己家人一起大吃一
顿。基督徒通常在星期天去教堂。这一天许多商店不营业，或
是营业时间比其他日子短。 — see also 另见 SCHOOL NIGHT
SUNDAY PAPER. WEEKEND
Day, Dor-is /`daris; 'dors/ (1924- )a US singer and film and
television actress who was especially popular in the 1950s and
early 1960s. She is thought of as cheerful and morally good
rather than sexual. 多丽丝·戴〔(1924- )，美国歌手和影视女演
员，在20世纪50年代以及60年代早期尤为走红，被认为是一个
开朗、品行端正而不是性感的女性
Day, Sir Robin (1923-) a British television and radio PRE-
SENTER who was famous for asking politicians questions in a
very direct and determined way, and for wearing a BOW TIE 戴
((1923-), 英国广播电视主持人，以开门见山和坚定不移的方式
向政治家提问，并以戴蝶形领结出名〕
Day·an /da`jan; dai'jg:n/. Mosh·e /mofe; 'mpfei/ (1915-1981)
an Israeli military leader and politician. Dayan was respon-
sible for Israel's victory in the ARAB-ISRAELI WAR of 1967
and he later became Israel's Foreign Minister. He is remem
bered abroad especially because he wore a black PATCH (5)
over one eye. 达扬〔(1915-1981)，以色列军事领导人和政治家，
为以色列在1967年的阿以战争中取得胜利做出过贡献，之后成为
以色列外交部长，在国外尤因一只眼睛蒙黑眼罩而为人所牢记〕
day·boy /`de bor; 'deiboi/ n especially BrE a boy who is a DAY
PUPIL【尤英】〔有寄宿制学校的〕走读男生
day·break /`de brek; 'deibreik/ n [U] DAWN1(1)黎明，拂晓
day camp /'/ n AmE a place where children can go during the
day on school holidays to do various activities such as sports
or CRAFTS【美】日间假日营地〔学校放假期间，白天为学童提供体
育、工艺品制作等活动的场所)：There will be several day camps
in the park from July 6 for children aged 6 to 16. 自7月16日
起公园内有几处日间假日营地向6至16岁的儿童开放。
day care /' / also 又作 daycare -n [U] 1 (in Britain) the care
of people who cannot look after themselves during the day, by
baid workers(英国的)日间看护 2 (in the US) the care of chil-
dren during the day whose parents are both working 〔美国的)
日托托儿（服务） - day-care adj [A]: day-care centres 日托
中心
day·dream /`de drim; 'deidri:m/ n a pleasant dreamlike set of
thoughts while one is awake, often drawing attention away from
present surroundings 白日梦，幻想，梦想：a daydream about
being a rock star 成为摇滚乐明星的白日梦 - daydream ν[I]:
Sorry, I wasn't listening -- I was daydreaming. 对不起，我没
有听见—我正在做白日梦。 — ~ern
day. girl /deg3l; 'deig3:l/ n especially BrE a girl who is a DAY
PUPIL【尤英】〔有寄宿制学校的〕走读女生
day-glo, day-glo /deglo; 'deigleu/ trademark a bright orange. 
green, yellow, or pink colour that seems to give out light(GLOW)
in the daytime【商标】“帝高”荧光加色剂〔一种在日间也会闪出
绚丽色彩的荧光色剂)：dayglo socks/paint 荧光袜子；幻彩发光
漆
Day-Lew. is /'·/， Daniel (1957-) a British film actor, known
for playing many different types of character. His films in-
clude My Left Foot (1989)， The Last of the Mohicans (1992)
and In the Name of the Father (1993). 戴-刘易斯〔 (1957- )，
英国电影演员，以饰演许多不同类型的人物著称，演出过的影片包
括《我的左脚》(1989)、《最后的一个莫希干人》(1992)和《因父之
名》(1993)〕
day·light /`de lait; 'derlait/ n [U]1 the light of day. 日光，白昼，
白天：We'll keep on driving while there's still daylight. 趁着
天还亮，我们继续往前开车。|the daylight hours 白天的时间
2 the very beginning of the day; DAWN 黎明，拂晓，天亮 3 see
daylight to begin to understand something 开始了解，开始明
白：I thought about the problem for days before I began to
see daylight. 这个问题我想了好几天才明白过来。- — see also 另
见DAYLIGHTS
daylight rob. ber. y /. · ·/ n [U] infml the act of charging far
too much money for something【非正式】敲竹杠，光天化日之下
的抢劫：f2. 50 for a cup of coffee? It's daylight robbery! 一杯
咖啡要两镑半？简直是公开抢劫！
day-lights /`de laits; 'deilaits/ n [P] infml life; consciousness
【非正式】神志，知觉，意识：I'll beat/knock the (living) day. 
lights out of you if you do that again. (=strike or beat you
very severely)如果你再那样做，我就把你揍得不省人事。| That
spider scared the (living) daylights out of me. (=frightened
me very much)那只蜘蛛把我吓得连魂都没了。
daylight sav·ing time/··/ also 又作 daylight savings time, 
daylight time /'·/ - n [U] (in the US) time shown on clocks
that is one hour ahead of the standard time, used during the
summer 〔美国〕 夏令时间，日光节约时间 — compare 比较 BRITISH
SUMMER TIME
day nur·se·ry /'，·/ n a NURSERY (1)托儿所
Day of A. tone-ment, the /. . . '·/ a Jewish holy day on which
Jews FAST and pray for forgiveness for the things they have
done wrong (SINS) during the past year. It is also known as
Yom Kippur'. 赎罪日〔犹太教圣日，那一天犹太人禁食并祈求上
帝原谅他们一年中所犯的过错，又称“Yom Kippur”)
day off /'·/ n pl. days off a day when one does not go to work
and one has a day's holiday 休息日；休假日：I work on
Saturdays, so I get Mondays as my day off. 我星期六上班，所
以星期一休息。| My boss keeps asking me to go in on my day
off. 老板老是要我在休息日照常上班。
day of judg-ment /··/ n [the] (often cap. 常用大写) JUDG-
MENT DAY 最后审判日，世界末日
day of reck. on·ing /. . /n [the] a time when the results of
past mistakes are felt, or when past offences are punished 报应
到来的日子；清算的日子
Day of the Jack. al, The /. . . . / a British film, based on a
book of the same name by Frederick FORSYTH, about a profes-
sional killer attempting to murder the French President, Gen-
eral DE GAULLE《豺狼之日》〔英国影片，根据弗雷德里克·福塞斯
同名小说改编而成，讲述一名职业杀手企图谋杀法国总统戴高乐的
故事]
day out / '/ n pl. days out a day when one goes somewhere
for the whole day, in order to enjoy oneself 外出游玩的一整天
We haven't had a day out for ages. 我们已经很久没有外出玩
整天了。
day pu. pil /'. ·/ n especially BrE a pupil who lives at home
but goes to a school where some of the pupils live. The pupils
who live in the school usually regard day pupils as less impor-
tant. 【尤英】〔寄宿制学校的〕走读生〔住校生通常不大看得起走读
生〕
day re-lease course /··/n BrE an educational course at-
tended by workers who are allowed to leave their work on cer-
tain days; they are said to be on day release【英】在职工人获准
请假接受培训的课程
day re-turn /'/ n BrE a ticket for travel to the place you are
going to and back again on the same day. Day returns are usu
ally cheaper if you do not travel at the busiest time in the morn-
ing, when everyone is going to work. 【英】当天来回票〔如果不
在上下班高峰时间乘车，该票通常比较便宜〕
day. room /`de rum; 'deiru:m/ n a public room for reading. 
writing, and amusement in schools, military camps, hospitals
etc〔学校、军队、医院等的〕阅览室：康乐室：休息室
days' /dez; deiz/ n [P] 1 one's life 生活，生命，寿命：He began
his days in the island of Corsica, but went on to become
Emperor of France. 他出生于科西嘉岛，但后来成为法国的皇帝。
2 his/her/its days are numbered someone or something can-
not live or continue much longer 生命垂危；活着[存在]的日子
屈指可数：Your days of slaving over a hot stove are numbered, 
the microwave is now taking over in a big way. 使用火炉做饭
的受罪日子所剩无几了，如今微波炉正在大规模地取而代之。3the
good old days used about a time in the past that you think was
0439
better than the present time 过去的美好时光〔指比现在美好的
往日)：Tom Jones sang a few songs, introduced some con-
temporary guests, and talked a lot about the good old days. 
汤姆·琼斯唱了几首歌曲，介绍了一些同年龄的宾客，接着就大谈
过去的美好时光。| In the good old days after a match, the
crowd went home quietly via the 300 pubs that were to be
found in the East End of Glasgow. 在过去的好日子，比赛过
后，观众静静地散往格拉斯哥东区的300家小酒馆，然后回家去
4 it's one of those days spoken used about a day when every
thing seems to be going wrong【口】事事不顺利的一天：Please
excuse the noise and the mess - it's just been one of those
days. 请原谅这里又吵又乱 — 今天真是倒霉透了。| I can'
get Jennifer on the phone again, I knew this would happen -
i's going to be one of those days. 我打电话又没找到詹尼弗
我早知道会是这样—今天没有一件事情顺利
days2 adv especially AmE by day repeatedly; during any day
【尤美】天天：She works days. 她天天都工作
day school /'/n 1 [C; U] a school whose pupils attend only
during the day, returning home at night and at weekends日校，
走读学校 — compare 比较 BOARDING SCHOOL 2 [C] a special
course of lessons, talks etc, given on a single day〔举行一天
的〕专题讲座
day. time /`de taim; 'deitaim/ n [(the) U] the time between sun-
rise and sunset; DAY (2)白天，日间：I can't sleep in the daytime
我白天睡不着觉。| daytime flights 白天班机 — opposite 反义
词 nighttime
day-to-day // adj [A] 1 happening as a regular part of life
每天的，日常的；例行的：the day-to-day routine 每天的日常事
务 | life's day-to-day problems 生活中遇到的例行问题 - com
pare 比较 EVERYDAY 2 planning for one day at a time with
little thought for the future 过一天算一天的：Since his wife died
he's been living a day-to-day existence. 他妻子死后他的日子
是过一天算一天
Day. to. na Beach /de tone `bitf; dei teune 'bi:tf/ a US city on
the coast of Florida. Motor races are held at the International
Speedway there. 代托纳比奇〔位于美国佛罗里达州一海滨城市
赛车比赛就在当地的国际赛车道举行
Day·ton Ac. cords, the /，detn e`kordz; deitn e'ko:dz/ also
作 the Dayton Peace Accords, the Dayton Agreements the
political agreements made in 1995 in Dayton, Ohio, in the US. 
between BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA and the FEDERAL
REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA (Serbia and Montenegro) to end the
fighting between them and decide where the new borders would
be between them 代顿协议〔1995年波斯尼亚·黑塞哥维那、克罗
地亚和南斯拉夫联盟共和国三方在美国俄亥俄州的代顿签署的-
项政治协议，目的是结束战争并划定新的疆界〕
Dayton A. gree. ment, the /. ·. '·. / the agreement that ended
the BOSNIAN WAR in 1995， and decided where the borders of
the new countries would be 代顿协议〔1995年结束波黑战争并
划定新疆界的一项协议)
day trip /'/ n BrE a visit to somewhere, usually by bus or
train, just for pleasure and only lasting one day【英】〔乘坐汽车
或火车的)一日游：They're going on a day trip to Blackpool. 
他们打算到布莱克浦作一日游
day-trip·per /'·/ also 又作 tripper — n especially BrE, of
ten derog a person on a pleasure trip to somewhere, which
only lasts one day【尤英，常贬】一日游的游客：I hate Yarmouth
at this time of year. You can't move for all the day-trippers
我讨厌每年的这个时候去雅茅斯。那么多一日游的游客挤得你无
法动弹
Daz /daez; daez/ trademark a British type of washing powde
【商标】〔英国的〕“敌渍”牌洗衣粉
daze1/dez; deiz/ v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] to make unable
to think or feel clearly, especially by a shock or blow; STUPEFY
〔尤指因受重击或震动而〕使眩晕：使迷乱，使恍惚：After the ac
cident Jean was dazed. 出事后，琼感到头昏目眩。| The news
left us dazed, 这个消息使我们感到很茫然。 — ~dly /`dezidli:
'deizedli/ adv
daze2n in a daze in a dazed condition 晕头转向，迷迷糊糊
daz. zle /`daez]; 'daezal/ v [T] 1 to make unable to see because of
a sudden very strong light shining in the eyes 使眼花，使目眩
耀眼：The lights of the car dazzled me. 汽车车灯的强光照得我
睁不开眼睛。2 to fill with wonder or admiration 使眼花缭乱：
She was dazzled by her sudden success. 突然的成功使她眼花
缭乱。| a dazzling display of skill 令人眼花缭乱的技艺表演 -
dazzle n [S]: The theatre was a dazzle of bright lights. 剧院里
片耀眼的灯光
DBE /，di bi `i; , di: bi: 'i:/ n abbrev. for 缩写= Dame Commande
of the (Order of the) British Empire; a title given in Britain to
a woman as an honour because she has done something of na-
tional importance. A woman who has a DBE can use the title
Dame instead of Mrs, Miss, or Ms. 大英帝国二等女爵士〔在英
国，授予为国家做出重大贡献的妇女的荣誉称号，其名字前可冠以
Dame, 而不用 Mrs, Miss 或 Ms): She was awarded a DBE
in 1992. 1992年，她被封为大英帝国二等女爵士。
dbl abbrey, for 缩写= DOUBLE (1)
DBMS /，di bi m `s; di: bi: em 'es/ n abbrev. for 缩写= data-
base management system; a set of computer PROGRAMS which
controls and makes easier the use of information stored on a
computer 数据库管理系统〔一套控制电脑中数据的程序，使存取
信息更为方便
DBS /，di bi`s; , di: bi: 'es/ n [U] abbrev. for 缩写= direct broad
casting by satellite; a way of sending many different televi-
sion programmes into people's houses. To receive these pro-
grammes, people need a SATELLITE DISH which they fix to the
outside of their house. 卫星电视直播〔一种直接向用户播送大量
电视节目的方式，为接收这些节目，用户需要在户外安装碟型卫星
天线〕
DC /，di`si; , di: 'si:/ abbrev. for 缩写= 1 DIRECT CURRENT 直流
电 — compare 比较AC 2 Detective Constable; the lowest rank
in the British police force's PLAIN-CLOTHES division 便衣警探
D. C. abbrey, for 缩写= District of Columbia:; the area contain-
ing the city of Washington, the capital of the US 〔美国〕哥伦比
亚特区〔包括美国首都华盛顿市在内的一个地区
DD /，di`di; , di: 'di:/ abbrev. for 缩写=1 DIRECT DEBIT 2 Doc
tor of Divinity; an advanced university degree in THEOLOGY
(=religious studies)神学博士
D-day /'/ n 1 6th June, 1944； in World War II, the day the
ALLIES landed in France to begin the spread of their forces
through Europe, under the command of General Eisenhower. 
It is remembered for its military organization, willingness to
work effectively together, and success. 第二次世界大战盟军在
法国登陆的日子〔即1944年6月6日，盟军在艾森豪威尔将军的
带领下登陆法国，开始在欧洲发动攻击的那一天。因其出色的军事
组织安排、同心协力的精神以及最终的成功为人们牢记〕2aday
on which an important operation or planned action is to begin
重大事件或行动开始之日：So, today is D-day, then?那么说
今天就该开始了？
DDS /，di di`es; di: di: 'es/ n abbrev. for 缩写= Doctor of Den-
tal Surgery; a university degree in DENTISTRY. DDS is written
after someone's name to show that they have this degree. 牙外
科医学博士〔DDS写在某人的名字后面表示拥有该学位〕-com-
pare 比较 BDS, MDS
DDT /di di `ti; di: di: 'ti:/ n [U] a chemical that kills insects
DDT was used on food crops all over the world until it was
discovered that it remains in the crops and can harm people. 滴
滴涕〔一种杀虫剂〕〔该产品被发现在农作物上留下残留物并危害
人体后即不再使用〕
DE written abbrev. for 缩写= DELAWARE
de— see 参见 WORD FORMATION
DEA, the /，di i`e; , di: i: 'ei/ abbrev. for 缩写= the DRUG EN
FORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
dea. con /diken; 'di:ken/ n (in various Christian churches)a
religious official who is directly below a priest in rank〔基督
教〕教会中的执事；会吏；助祭
*dead1 /dad; ded/ adj [no comp. 无比较级] 1 no longer alive 死
去的，已故的：I'm afraid he's dead. 我想他已经死了。| a dead
man/cat/leaf 一个死人； 一只死猫； 一片枯叶 | Two of the ter-
rorists were shot dead (=shot and killed) by the police, 有两
个恐怖分子被警察开枪打死了。 — compare 比较 INANIMATE; 
see also 另见 DECEASED', DEPARTED (2) 2 no longer in use
operation, or existence 已废的，不通用的：a dead language 不
再通用的语言 | dead ideas 陈腐的思想 — compare 比较 LIV-
ING'(2)3 without the necessary power to work properly无正
常功能的：dead matches 点不着的火柴 | a dead battery 废电
池 | The telephone went dead in the middle of our conversa-
tion, 我们正在通话时电话（线）中断了。 — compare 比较 LIVE2
(3, 4) 4 [A] complete 完全的，全然的：a dead stop 完全停止
dead silence 死一般的沉寂 | a dead loss (=a completely use-
less person or thing)废物〔指毫无用处的人或物) 5 without life
movement, or activity 没有生命的，静止的，固定的：dead rocks
and stones 搬不动的顽石 | The whole place seems dead. 整个
地方显得死气沉沉的。6 [F] unable to feel; NUMB 没有感觉的，
麻木的：It's so cold that my fingers have gone dead. 天这么
冷，我的手指都冻僵了。7 (of a ball in some sports) out of PLAY!
(8)〔球类运动)比赛暂停的<如死球>8 (of sounds and colours)
dull; not clear or bright〔颜色〕阴沉的，不鲜明的：〔声音〕钝浊的. 
不响亮的 9 dead as a doornail infml completely dead【非正
式】完全死了的 10 dead to the world very deeply asleep or
unconscious 熟睡的；完全失去知觉的 - — see also 另见 DEATH, 
0440
flog a dead horse (FLOG) 11 sbdy. wouldn't be caught/seen
dead used in order to say that someone would never do some. 
thing, spend time in a place etc because it would make them
ashamed or embarrassed 〔某人因为觉得羞耻或难为情而〕宁死也
不肯〔做某事)：Antonie won't ride a bike because he wouldn't
be caught dead in cycling shorts. 安东尼不骑自行车，因为他
绝对不肯穿自行车运动短裤。| He keeps phoning me, but I
wouldn't be seen dead with him. 他不停地打电话给我，但我死
也不愿让人看到我和他在一起。| Julio's offers good, cheap
food to those students who wouldn't be caught dead eating
burgers and french fries. 胡里奥公司为那些宁死不吃汉堡包
和炸薯条的学生提供价廉味美的食品。 — ~ness n[U]
dead2n [P often the 常用定冠词] people who have died 死人，死
者：The dead are thought to number more than 400. 据认为死
亡人数超过400名。| Because of the continued fighting, fami-
les have been unable to bury their dead. 由于连年战争, 家家
户户都无法埋葬去世的亲人。| the resurrection of the dead 死
者的复活 — see also 另见 DECEASED2, DEPARTED(2)
dead3 ady 1 suddenly and completely 突然地；完全地：The train
stopped dead, 火车突然完全停了。2 [+adj] infml completely
【非正式】极度地，绝对：dead certain 绝对肯定| dead tired 非
常累 3[+adv/prep] infml directly【非正式】正对着；直接地：dead
ahead 正前方 | His shot was dead on target. 他射得正中目
标。
dead4 n in the dead of night/winter in the quietest or least
active period of the night or winter 在深夜[隆冬]
dead-and-a-live /···'/ adj BrE (of a place, person, or activity)
uninteresting; dull【英】枯燥乏味的；单调的
dead beat // adj infml completely tired【非正式】筋疲力尽
的
dead·beat /ded`bit; 'dedbi:t/ n slang【俚】1 a lazy aimless per
son 懒汉；二流子 2 AmE infml someone who avoids paying
their debts【美，非正式】赖账[债]的人
dead bolt /' ·/ n [C] AmE a strong lock often used on doors
BrE【英】MORTISE LOCK【美】〔嵌入门里的〕榫眼锁，插锁
dead cen·tre /， '·/ n [the] (in) the exact centre 正中心：Aim for
the dead centre. 向正中心瞄准。
dead duck // n infml a plan, idea etc, that has failed or is
likely to fail【非正式】无价值的事物：注定失败的计划[主意等]
dead. en /`dedn; 'dedn/ v [T] to cause to lose strength, feeling. 
brightness etc 使丧失，使减弱〔力量、感觉、亮度等)：This drug
will deaden the pain. 这种药可以止痛。| The thick walls of
the shelter deadened the noise of the bombing. 防空洞的厚墙
隔绝了炸弹的爆炸声
dead end //n 1 an end (especially of a street) with no way
out 死巷，死胡同 2 a position or situation beyond which move
ment or development is impossible 绝境，僵局，尽头：We've
come to a dead end in our efforts to reach an agreement. 我
们力图达成协议却陷入了僵局。
dead-end job /. '/ n a boring job, often needing little skill or
ability, which does not lead to other more exciting jobs 没有前
途的工作
dead ground /'/ n [U] ground through which one can move
without being seen by the enemy, e. g. because of the way the
ground slopes〔敌人无法看见的〕死角区，射击死角
dead head' /`dadhad; 'dedhed/ n AmE【美】1 a person who rides
on a train, bus etc, without buying a ticket 免费乘坐交通工具
的人 2 a car, bus, TRUCK, or train which is empty when it is
moved〔行驶时不载货物或乘客的〕空车
deadhead2v1 [T] BrE to remove the dead flowers from (a
plant)【英】摘去（植物的）枯花 2 [I] AmE to drive a train, bus. 
or TRUCK without passengers or goods【美】〔火车、公共汽车或
卡车)放空车； I'm going to deadhead home as soon as I un-
load these potatoes. 卸完这些马铃薯后，我打算放空车回家。
dead heat /'/ n a race in which two or more competitors
finish at exactly the same time〔两名或以上竞赛者)不分胜负的
赛跑
dead letter / '·/ n 1 a letter that cannot be either delivered or
returned to the sender 死信〔无法投递又无法退回的信件) 2 a law
or rule that still exists but that people no longer obey徒具空文；
失去效力但尚未废止的法律或法规
dead·line /`ded lain: 'dedlain/ n a date or time before which
something must be done or completed 截止日期；最后期限：Next
Tuesday is the deadline for sending in your application. 呈递
申请书的截止日期是下星期二。| I'm working to a deadline
(=My work must be finished by a certain time. )我必须在规定
日期之前完成工作。| Can you meet the deadline? (=finish in
time)你能在最后期限之前完成吗？
dead-lock /`ded lak; 'dedlpk/n [C; U] a position in which a
disagreement cannot be settled; STALEMATE 僵局，相持不下：
The talks about arms control have reached (a) complete
deadlock, 限武会谈完全陷入僵局。| Will the new proposal
break (=end) the deadlock?新建议能使僵局打破吗？- dead. 
lock ν [I; T] - deadlocked adj: the deadlocked Vietnam
peace talks 陷入僵局的越南和平会谈
dead loss / '/ n slang a complete waste; something or some
one that is completely useless【俚】完全的浪费；毫无用处的人
[物]：He won't know, he's a dead loss at maths. 他不会知道，
他对数学一窃不通
dead·ly1 /`dadli; 'dedli/ adj 1 likely to cause death 致死的，致命
的：a deadly poison/weapon 致命的毒药[武器] 2 aiming to
kill or destroy 立意杀害或毁灭的：不共戴天的，满怀仇恨的
deadly enemies 不共戴天的死敌 3 [A] complete or total 完全
的，极度的，非常的：He said it in deadly earnest. (=completely
seriously)他说这话时，态度极为认真。| deadly accuracy 极度
的精确 4[A] like death in appearance〔外表〕如死般的：deadly
paleness 死人一般的苍白 5 infml very uninteresting; dull【非
正式】乏味的，沉闷的：a deadly party/bore枯燥的聚会；令人厌
烦的人 - -liness n[U]
deadly2 adv 1 very (in phrases like 用于以下短语 deadly serious
deadly dull, deadly boring 非常认真[乏味；沉闷])非常 2 like
death 如死般地：deadly pale 死人般地苍白
deadly night·shade /· '·/ also又作 belladonna — n [C; U]
a poisonous European plant from which the drug BELLADONNA
is obtained 颠茄〔欧洲产的一种有毒植物，可提取供药用的颠茄
剂〕
deadly sin /，· ·/ n a MORTAL SIN 死罪；弥天大罪 — see also 另
见 SEVEN DEADLY SINS
dead-man's float /'/ n [S] AmE the act of staying on the
surface of water with one's face in the water and one's arms
and legs out to one's sides【美】〔脸朝下，四肢伸开的〕“死人”
漂浮姿势，俯卧漂浮姿势：The first thing you'll learn in your
swimming class is the dead-man's float. 游泳课上要学的第-
个内容就是俯卧漂浮姿势
dead march /'/ n a piece of solemn slow marching music for
a funeral 葬礼进行曲
dead·pan /`ded paen; 'dedpaen/ adj, ady infml with no show of
feeling, especially when telling jokes as if they were serious
【非正式】〔尤指说笑话时〕一本正经的[地]，无表情的[地]：dead-
pan humour 冷面幽默 | She played her part completely
deadpan. 她面无表情地扮演剧中的角色
Dead Par. rot Sketch, the /. / a famous SKETCH(=shor
scene)from the humorous British television programme
MONTY PYTHON. It is about a man who goes into a pet shop to
complain that the PARROT he bought is dead, and the person
who works in the shop tries to persuade him that the parrot is
still alive. 《死鹦鹉滑稽短剧》〔英国电视喜剧《蒙蒂·皮松的飞行杂
技》中一出著名的诙谐短剧，讲述一个男子走进一家宠物商店投诉
他买的鹦鹉是死的，但商店的一位工作人员试图说服他那只鹦鹉还
活着的故事〕
dead reck. on. ing /. . / n [U] the mapping of the position of a
ship or aircraft without looking at the sun, moon, or stars 〔不是
根据天文观察的〕航位推测法 — compare 比较 RECKONING
dead ring. er / ·/ n [+for] infml someone who looks very like
someone else【非正式】跟另一人极相像的人：You're a dead
ringer for my brother. 你跟我的兄弟像极了。
Dead Sea, the // a large lake between Israel and Jordan. It
is over 25% salt, so people can float in it very easily. The DEAD
SEA SCROLLS were found nearby, 死海〔位于以色列与约旦之间
一大湖，其含盐量超过25%，因此人们能很容易地漂浮起来。死海
古卷就是在附近发现的
Dead Sea Scrolls, the /. '/ a collection of ancient Jewish
SCROLLS(=rolls of paper containing writing) from around the
time of Christ. They contain the oldest copies of parts of the
Old Testament of the Bible, and were found near the Dead Sea
between 1947 and 1956. 死海古卷〔基督时代犹太教古经卷包括
《圣经·旧约》最早版本的部分内容，1947年至1956年间在死海附
近被人发现〕
dead weight // n something which is very heavy to carry, 
especially because it is alive but unable to move its body, e. g. 
because it is unconscious 沉重的静止物体〔尤指因失去意识等
原因无法动弹的活物〕
dead wood /· '·/ BrE【英】‖dead·wood /`dad, wud; 'dedwud
AmE【美】— n [U] people or things that are useless or no longer
needed 无用的人或物：The problem with that company is that
it's got too much dead wood. 那家公司的问题是冗员太多。
There's quite a bit of dead wood in the report, so it should be
easy to shorten it. 报告里废话较多，所以要缩短些并不难
deaf1 /def; def/ adj 1 unable to hear at all or to hear well耳聋
的，失聪的：Look, he's got a hearing aid -- he's deaf. 看，他戴
0441
着助听器 ——他是聋子。| sign language for deaf people 聋
人的手势语 | Speak up; I'm rather deaf. 大声点；我耳朵很背
2 [F(to)] unwilling to hear or listen 不愿意听的，不肯听的：
She was deaf to all my requests. 她对我的一切请求充耳不闻。
3 turn a deaf ear to to be unwilling to hear or listen to 置之
不理，充耳不闻：My parents turned a deaf ear to my requests
for money. 我向父母要钱，可他们不予理睬。 — compare 比较
turn a blind eye to (BLIND1); see 参见 BLIND2 (USAGE)
~ness n [U]
deaf2n [P often the 常用定冠词] people who are deaf 聋人：a
special school for the deaf 聋人学校 | the profoundly deaf全
聋的人
deaf-aid /'· ·/ n BrE infml for【英，非正式】= HEARING AID
deaf-and-dumb /，···/ adj deaf and unable to speak 又聋又
哑的 - deaf-and-dumb n AmE【美】
deaf·en /`defen; 'defan/ v [T] to make deaf, especially for a
short time 使聋，使听不见〔尤指短时间内) ：We were deafened by
the noise. 嘈杂的声音吵得我们耳朵都聋了。| deafening (=very
loud) music 震耳欲聋的音乐 — see 参见 BLIND2 (USAGE)
deaf-mute/'/ n, adj fml (a person who is) deaf and unable to
speak【正式】聋哑人；又聋又哑的
deal1/dil; di:l/ v dealt /dalt; delt/ 1 [I; T (to, OUT)] to give out
(playing cards) to players in a game(纸牌游戏中)发牌：It's my
turn to deal. 轮到我发牌了。| to deal (out) the cards 发牌 | I
dealt three cards to each player. 我给每个玩牌的人发了三张
牌。| [+obj(i)+obj(d)] He dealt me three cards. 他发给我三张
牌。2 [T(to, OUT)] to give, especially as a share of something
分给，分配：I dealt out two biscuits to each of the children. 我
分给每个孩子两块饼干。3 [T] especially lit or old use to strike
(a blow)【尤文或旧】打（击） ：[+obj(i)+obj(d)] She dealt him a
blow on the head. 她朝他头上打了一下。4 [I; T] slang to buy
and sell (illegal drugs)【俚】〔违法〕买卖（毒品）
deal in sthg. phr v [T usually not pass. 一般不用被动语态] to
buy and sell; trade in 经营，做买卖：She deals in men's clothing. 
她经营男士服装
deal with sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to take action about; TACKLE
对付，应付，处理：effective measures to deal with drug smug
gling 对付毒品走私的有效措施 | All complaints will be dealt
with by the manager. 所有的投诉都将由经理来处理。| It was
a difficult situation, but she dealt with it effectively. 当时的局
面很艰难，她都顺利地应付过去了。2 to be about; have as a sub-
ject 涉及，论及；讨论：The book deals with the troubles in Ire
land. 这本书讨论爱尔兰的各种纠纷。3 to do business, especially
trade, with 跟·做生意，与··做交易：I've dealt with this storel
person/company for 20 years. 我跟这家商店[这个人；这家公
司]做生意已有20年。
deal2n 1 [C] an agreement or arrangement, especially in busi
ness or politics, especially one that is to the advantage of both
sides〔尤指贸易或政治上对双方有利的)协议；交易；安排：The car
company has done (BrE 英)/made (AmE 美) a deal with a
Tapanese firm to supply engines in exchange for wheels. 这
家汽车公司跟一日本商行达成交易，以发动机换取车轮。|The
prosecution lawyers offered to do a deal with the defence in
order to get the man convicted. 控方律师提出和辩方律师做-
笔交易，给那个男的判刑。|Do we have a deal?我们有协议
吗？2 [S] a particular type of treatment that is given or re
ceived 待遇：They promised to give the nurses a better deal
(=more money etc) if they were elected. 他们答应如果当选，就
给护士较优厚的待遇。| We have been getting a rough/raw
deal. (=unfair treatment)我们受到了不公平的待遇。 — see also
另见 NEW DEAL 3 [S (of)] a quantity or degree, usually large
(大)量；（很大）程度：We have spent a great deal of money on
the new hospital. 我们在这所新医院上面已经花费了大量金钱。
You will have to work a good deal faster. 你得大大加快工作
速度。— see 参见 MORE (USAGE) 4 [C] the process of giving
out cards to players in a card game〔纸牌游戏的〕发牌；做庄（家）：
Whose deal is it?是谁发牌？ — see also 另见 DEALER (2) 5 it's
a deal I agree to the arrangement you have just suggested就这
样定了：成交了〔表示同意对方的建议)：“I want sixty dollars
for it. \" \"I'll give you forty. ”\"Fifty. ” \"OK, it's a deal. \"“我
卖60美元。” “我给你40美元。” “50。” “好的，成交。”—seealso
另见 BIG DEAL 6 what's the deal (with)? AmE spoken used in
order to ask what is happening or why something is happening
【美，口】怎么啦？怎么回事？：“I talked to Carter. ” “Oh yeah
what's the deal? Are we going out or not?” “我同卡特说了。
“噢，是吗，怎么样？我们出去还是不出去？”|What is the dea
with that?Has the health Center's policy changed recently?
那是怎么回事？保健中心的政策近来改变了吗？7 what's sbdy, 's
deal? AmE spoken used in order to ask what is wrong with
omeone【美，口】〔某人〕有什么不对劲？：What's your deal?
You haven't spoken to me all week. 你怎么啦？整个星期都
不跟我说一句话。| He's always keeping secrets from
everybody. What's his deal?他的事从不跟大伙儿说。他怎
么啦？
deal3n [U] especially BrE FIR or PINE wood used for making
things【尤英】松木，冷杉木：a deal table 一张松木桌子
deal. er /dile; 'di:le/ n 1 a person in a stated type of busines
商人； ··商：a used-car dealer 买卖旧汽车的商人| a drug dealer
药品商：毒品贩子 — see also另见 DOUBLE-DEALER 2 a person
who deals playing cards 〔纸牌游戏的〕发牌人
deal. er. ship /dilafip; 'di:lefip/ n a place that deals in the stated
product 商品特许经销处：There's a Rover dealership in River
head. 里弗黑德有一家罗孚汽车特许经销处
deal-ing /diln; 'di:lin/ n [U] methods of business or personal
relations 经营方式；待人态度：I believe in plain dealing (=hon
est methods, especially in business)我相信诚实的经营方式
deal-ings /dilinz; 'di:linz/ n [P] personal or business relations
(私人或商务)关系，交往：I've had some dealings with him, but
I don't know him very well. 我和他有过几次交往，但和他并不
很熟。
dean /din; di:n/ n (sometimes cap. 有时用大写) 1 (especially in
the Anglican Church)a high-ranking priest in charge of sev-
eral priests or church divisions〔尤指安立甘教会的〕教长；〔主管
若干牧区的)主任牧师 2 (in some universities) a person in
charge of a division of study, or in charge of students and
their behaviour, or, in the US, in charge of a part of the
administration〔某些大学的〕学院院长；系主任；训导长，学监；〔美
国的〕部门主管
Dean. Dizzy (1911-1974) a US BASEBALL player who was a
famous PITCHER for the St Louis Cardinals team in the 1930s
helping them win the WORLD SERIES in 1934. He was famous
for achieving more STRIKEOUTS than any other pitcher, 迪安
〔(1911-1974)，美国棒球运动员，20世纪30年代圣路易斯红雀
队的著名投手，为该队夺得1934年美国职业棒球锦标赛冠军立下
汗马功劳。他以使击球手三击未中的出局数比其他投手更多而出
名〕
Dean, James (1931-1955) a US film actor who became ex-
tremely famous, and then died in a car crash at the age of 24
After his death he became even more popular, and he is still
thought of, especially by young people, as a typical example
of a young REBEL(=someone who refuses to follow social rules
or behave in the way that other people want them to). His films
include EAST OF EDEN (1955) and REBEL WITHOUT A CAUSE
(1955). 迪安〔(1931-1955)，美国极其著名的电影演员，24岁死
于一场车祸。去世后，他甚至更加受人欢迎了，尤其被青年人视为
典型的反叛形象，演出过的影片包括《伊甸园东方》(1955)、《无因
的反叛》(1955)〕
dean. e. ry /dineri; 'di:neri/ n the area controlled by a DEAN(1)
or the office of a dean 主任牧师的管辖区；系主任或学监的职位
dean's list, the /'/ n a list of the best students in a US college, 
university, or high school〔美国大学、中学的)优等生名单：She
also earned a place on the dean's list every semester. 每个学
期的优等生名单中她都拥有一席之地。
*dear1 /dir; die'/ adj 1 much loved 亲爱的：He's my dearest friend
他是我最亲密的朋友。2[A](usually cap. 一般用大写)(used at
the beginning of a letter 用于书信的抬头称呼)：Dear Jane 亲爱
的简 | Dear Sir 尊敬的先生 3 [F+to] precious; of the greatest
importance 珍贵的，宝贵的；珍视的：His family is very dear to
him. 他的家庭对他来说是最重要的。4 especially BrE expensive
【尤英】昂贵的：It's too dear. I can't afford it. 那太贵了，我买
不起。 — ~ness n [U]
dear2n 1 (especially BrE尤英) a person who is loved or lov. 
able 亲爱的人，可爱的人：Be a dear and make me some tea. 做
个好人，给我烧点茶吧。2 a (used when speaking to some
you love or to a member of your family用于对所爱的人或家里
人说话时)：Did you have a good day at work, dear?你今天工
作顺利吗，亲爱的？b(used informally as a friendly form of
address, especially by or to a woman; said e. g. by a persor
working in a shop or restaurant 用于表示亲热的非正式称呼，特
别为妇女或对妇女所常用；如由商店或饭馆的工作人员所说)：That
will be fifty pence please, dear. 一共是50便士，亲爱的。
dear3 interj (used for expressing surprise, sorrow, slight anger, 
discouragement 用于表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望)：Oh dear! I've
spilled my coffee. 哎呀!我把咖啡洒了。| “My moth is ill
again. \"\"Dear! Dear! I'm sorry to hear that. \"“我妈妈又病
了。” “啊！我听了真难过。”| Dear me! I'm going to be late! 天
呀！我要迟到了！
dear4 ady cost someone dear to result in a lot of suffering and
trouble 使某人吃大亏；使某人付出大代价：Her decision to marry
him cost her dear. 她决定跟他结婚，为此付出了很大的代价，
0442
Dear Ab. by /dir `aebi; dier 'aebi/ trademark a US newspaper
COLUMN by Abigail Van Buren, which prints letters from read-
ers asking for advice and her answers to these letters【商标】
〔美国一家报纸的〕阿比信箱〔阿比盖尔·范布伦主持的报纸专栏，
刊登读者寻求帮助的来信以及她的回信) — see also 另见 AGONY
AUNT, Ann LANDERS
dear. est /direst; 'diarst/ n often pomp (used for speaking to
someone 用于对某人说话时) a much-loved person【常夸张】最
亲爱的人：The flowers are for you, (my) dearest. 这些花是给
你的，我最亲爱的。 — see also 另见 nearest and dearest
(NEAR1)
dear. ie /`diri; 'diari/ n = DEARY
Dear John let. ter /. . / n a letter to a man from his wife or
girlfriend which tells him that she no longer loves him 〔由妻
子、女友等向男方写出的〕绝交信
dearly ^dirli; 'dieli/ adv 1 with strong feeling, especially of love
深情地；由衷地；深深地：I would dearly love to go back to Scotland. 
我会非常高兴地回到苏格兰去。| He loves his wife dearly. 他
深深地爱他的妻子。2 at a terrible cost in time, effort, pain eto
〔在时间、精力、痛苦等方面〕高价地，昂贵地：He paid dearly for
his mistake. 他为自己的错误付出了很大的代价。3 dearly be-
loved dear people; used by a priest talking to his CONGREGA-
TION 亲爱的兄弟姐妹〔用于牧师称呼教堂里的会众)：Dearly
beloved, we have come together in the sight of God. 亲爱的
兄弟姐妹，我们在上帝面前聚集到一起·
dearth /d30; d3:0/ n [S+of] fml a lack (of); SHORTAGE【正式】缺
乏，短缺
dear. y, dearie /`diri; 'diari/ n old-fash infml (used when speak-
ing to someone 用于对某人说话时)DEAR2【过时，非正式】亲爱
的
dying 死，死亡，死亡时刻；死法；死状：He remained in good
health right up to his death, 他直到死，身体一直都很健康。
His mother's sudden death was a great shock to him. 他母亲
的突然去世对他是很大的打击。| Drunken driving causes thou-
sands of deaths every year. 酒后开车每年都造成成千上万人死
亡。| Did she die a natural death, or was she murdered?她
是自然死亡的，还是被谋杀的？| The judge sentenced him to
death by hanging. 法官给他判了绞刑。- — compare 比较 BIRTH; 
ee also 另见 DECEASE, DEMISE 2 [U] the state of being dead
死亡的状态：as still/cold as death 死一般的寂静[冰凉] | Hun-
dreds of animals were burned to death in the forest fire. 成百
上千的动物在森林大火中被烧死。 — compare 比较 LIFE(3)3[C
(of)] the cause of loss of life 死因 (often in the phrase 常用于
短语 be the death of): Drinking will be the death of him. 喝酒
将会是他致死的原因。| If you go out without a coat, you'll
catch your death of cold, 如果你出去不穿大衣，会得重感冒的
see also 另见 DEADLY' 4 [S; U] destruction or disappear
ance 毁灭，消失，终止； a defeat that meant the death of all my
hopes一次意味着我所有希望都破灭的失败| Deat) to impe-
alism! 消灭帝国主义！ 5 [U] (usually cap. 一般用大写) the de-
stroyer of life, usually represented as a SKELETON 死神〔常画
成骷髅形)； a picture of Death wearing a black cloak and hold
ing a sickle 一个身着黑色长袍，手握镰刀的死神画像 6at death's
door especially humor very ill, and likely to die【尤幽】临终：
行将就木：Anyone would think he was at death's door, the
way he's complaining, but he's only got a bit of a cold!看他
那叫苦连天的样子，谁都以为他快要不行了，但他只是稍微有点感
冒而已。7 like death warmed up BrE【英】‖like death
warmed over AmE【美】-- infml very ill or tired【非正式】很
不舒服：累得要命：Ever since I caught this cold, I've been feel-
ing like death warmed up. 自得了这次感冒以来，我一直难受得
要命。8 in at the death present at the death of a hunted animal
or at the defeat of a person, plan etc亲见猎物死去；目睹··的终
结[失败] 9 nothing is certain but death and taxes quote a
slightly changed phrase from a piece of writing by Benjamin
Franklin【引】除了死亡和缴税，一切都无法确定〔引自本杰明·富
兰克林的一篇文章，略有改动)10 put to death to kill, especially
with official permission 处死：The prisoners were all put to
death. 所有的囚犯都被处死了。11 till death us do part BrE
【英】‖ till death do us part AmE【美】quote a phrase from the
Christian marriage service. The two people getting married
promise that they will stay together and love each other 'till
death us do part'(=until one of them dies). 【引】直到天人两隔，
直到生死两分离〔基督教婚礼仪式上说的一句话，两位新人允诺终
生厮守，彼此相爱，直到天人两隔)12to death beyond all accep-
table limits 极度， ··而死； I am sick to death of their complaints
我对他们的抱怨烦死了。| Your mother will be worried to death
about you. 你母亲会为你担心得要命的。 — see also 另见 KISS
OF DEATH, do to death (DO2)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Many people in the US
and the UK feel uncomfortable talking about death, and
when someone has died, people sometimes say that they
have 'passed away' or 'passed on' to avoid mentioning
death directly. People also say that someone is 'gone'or
no longer with us'to mean that they have died. Humor-
ous phrases meaning 'to die'include: 'kick the bucket'
croak'(especially AmE), and 'pop your clogs'(BrE), but
it is considered very offensive to use these expressions. 
When someone dies people send cards and letters to their
family, and flowers for the grave. Sometimes the family
asks people to give money to a CHARITY in memory of the
person who has died. People in the US and UK also have
many expressions used for joking about death, _在美国和英
国，许多人在谈论死亡时会感到不自在。有人去世时，人们有
时会说他“passed away”或者“passed on”以避免直接谈到
死这个字眼。人们还用“gone”或“no longer with us”来形
容某人已经去世。表达死亡的幽默短语包括“kick the
bucket”、“croak(尤美)”、“pop your clogs(英)”，但被认为
极具有冒犯性。当有人去世时，人们会寄吊唁卡和吊唁信给死
者家属，并在墓地献花。有时死者家属要求人们捐钱给慈善机
构以纪念死者。美国和英国人还有许多拿死亡来开玩笑的表
达方式。— see Cultural Note at 参见 FUNERAL 文化注释
death·bed /`de0bed; 'de0bed/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数] the
bed on which someone dies 临终时的卧床：He forgave them
on his deathbed, 他临死前宽恕了他们。| a deathbed repen
tance/conversion 临终前的忏悔[皈依]
death·blow /`dε0，blo; 'de0bleu/ n [usually sing. 一般用单数]
an act or event that destroys or ends 致命的打击：His refusal to
help us dealt a deathblow to our plans. 他拒绝帮助我们，这对
我们的计划是致命的打击。
death camp /'/n a CONCENTRATION CAMP, especially one of
the German camps of World War II〔尤指第二次世界大战期间
德国的〕死亡集中营
death cer. tif. i. cate /'. . . / n a legal document signed by 
doctor stating the fact and usually the cause of someone's death. 
In Britain and the US a person may not be legally buried with-
out a death certificate. 死亡证明书〔由医生签署的法律文件，说
明某人已经死亡，并通常还写有死因。在英国和美国，没有死亡证
明书不能合法安葬〕
death du·ties /'· ·/ BrE【英】‖ death tax /'· ·/ AmE【美】-— n
[P] money that had to be paid to a government as a tax on
property that had been left to a person when the original owner
had died. This tax is now called INHERITANCE TAX and some-
times also ESTATE TAX in the US. 遗产税〔现在被称为 INHER
ITANCE TAX, 在美国有时也被称为 ESTATE TAX
Death in Ven-ice /. . '. / (1912) a novel by Thomas MANN. 
which was made into a film in 1971， about a successful writer
in Venice who falls in love with a beautiful Polish boy and
therefore does not want to leave the city, even though there is
CHOLERA there. He stays, and finally dies from the disease. 
The film is also remembered for its beautiful, sad music, by
Gustav MAHLER. 《在威尼斯之死》〔(1912)，托马斯·曼创作的-
部小说，1971年被改编成电影，讲述了一位杰出的作家在威尼斯爱
上了一名英俊的波兰男孩的故事。当时威尼斯霍乱流行，但是作家
却不愿离开，最后他染上霍乱离开了人世。影片还以古斯塔夫·马
勒所谱写的优美、哀伤的插曲为人们所牢记
death-less /`de0lis; 'de0les/ adj unforgettable; IMMORTAL (usec
jokingly about things which are exactly the opposite)不死的，
永存的，不朽的〔戏谐地用作反语)：the Inland Revenue's usual
deathless prose 税务局那些历久不变的官样文章 — ~ly ady
death. like d0 laik; 'de0laik/ adj like death or like that of death
像死的，如死一般的：a deathlike paleness/silence 死一般的苍
白[静寂]
death·ly /^`d0li; 'de0li/ adj, adv like death 如死的[地]：a deathly
silence/hush 一片死寂
death mask /'/ n a copy of a dead person's face made by
pressing a soft material (e. g. PLASTER OF PARIS) over the face
〔用塑模石膏压在死人脸上制成的〕死人面具
Death of a Sales. man /，. ·/ (1949) a play by Arthur MILLER
about a man called Willy Loman, who kills himself because
he has lost his job and feels that he has failed《推销员之死》
〔(1949)，阿瑟·米勒创作的一部剧本，讲述一名叫做威利·洛曼的
男子因为失业并感到绝望而自杀的故事〕
death pen. al·ty/'. . /also 又作 death sen·tence /'. / [the]
punishment by death 死刑 — see Cultural Note at 参见 CAPI-
TAL PUNISHMENT 文化注释 and see Feature on page B21 并见
B21页文化特写
0443
death rate/'/ n the number of deaths for every 100 or 1000
people in a particular year in a particular place 死亡率 - com
pare 比较 BIRTHRATE
death rat. tle /'. / n an unusual noise sometimes heard from
the throat of a dying person 临终前的喉鸣〔临终前有时自喉间
发出的粗嘎声〕
death row /， '/ n [U] especially AmE the part of a prison in
which those prisoners are kept who will be punished by death
【尤美】死牢；死囚区：convicted murderers waiting on death
row 已判决的关在死牢里等候行刑的杀人犯
death's-head /'· ·/ n a human SKULL representing death 〔象征
死亡的〕骷髅头
death squad/'/n [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of people who trave
around killing political opponents, often acting on the orders
of a political party. Death squads are usually thought of as
working in countries where DEMOCRACY does not exist or is
not very strong. 死亡小分队〔常指受某个政党指使的一群专事暗
杀政治上反对派的人，被认为在没有民主或者民主程度不高的国家
里从事活动〕
death toll /'/n the number of people who died in a particular
way or because of a particular event 死亡人数：The death toll
from the earthquake is approaching two hundred. 地震中的
死亡人数已接近200人。
death trap /'/ n infml something very dangerous to life【非正
式】死亡陷阱〔危及人命的事物)：That old boat is a real death
trap. 那条破旧的小船实在是很不安全的东西
Death Val-ley /，'. / an area of desert in the US states of Ne. 
vada and California. It is one of the hottest places in the world
and many people died trying to cross it in the 19th century. 死
谷〔指美国内华达州和加利福尼亚州的沙漠地区，是世界上最炎热
的地方之一，在19世纪，许多人因试图穿越该地而丧生〕
death war-rant/', ·/ n a written official order to kill (EXECUTE)
someone 死刑执行令
deathwatch bee. tle /`d0watf bitl; 'de0wotf bi:tl/n an in
sect that causes serious damage to old buildings by digging
into the wood 〔在木头中挖孔，给旧建筑造成严重的危害的〕红
毛窃蠹
death wish /' / n [S] a conscious or unconscious desire for
death〔自觉或不自觉的〕死亡愿望
Deay·ton /`ditn; 'di:tn/, Angus (1956- ) a British television
PRESENTER and actor, known especially for his clever style of
humour and for asking the questions on the humorous QUIZ
programme Have I Got News For You 戴伊德〔 (1956- )，英
国电视节目主持人和演员，尤以其充满智慧的幽默形式及在滑稽问
答节目《奇谭趣闻》中提问而闻名
deb /dab; deb/ n infml for【非正式】= DEBUTANTE
de·ba·cle, debacle BrE【英】/de`bakl; dei'ba:kal/ n a badly or-
ganized event which is a complete failure 溃乱，惨败：Our high
school sports day was a complete débacle. 我们高中的运动日
办得一塌糊涂
de·bar /di`bar; di'ba:/v
debar sbdy. from sthg. phr v-rr- [T+obj/v-ing] to officially
prevent from〔法律上〕禁止··做，限制：Until recently, people
who did not own property were debarred from jury servicel
from serving on juries in Britain. 直至不久以前，英国还禁止
没有资产的人进入陪审团[当陪审员]。 — compare 比较 DISBAR
de·bark /di`bark; di'ba:k/v [I] becoming rare【渐罕】1 to take
the outside off (a tree)剥去〔树〕皮 2 to DISEMBARK 登岸，离开
(船，飞机)；卸下（货物） — ~ation/dibar`kefen; di:ba:'keifan/
n[C; U]
de-base /di`bes; di'beis/ v [T] 1 to reduce in quality or value or
in the opinion of others; DEGRADE 使··的品质[价值]降低；贬
低，贬损：The word ‘situation' is so overused that it has be-
come rather debased. “形势”这个词如此滥用，它的意义有点被
低了。2 to lower the real value of (coins) by making them
with less valuable metal(用贱金属铸币以)降低（硬币）的实际价
值：to debase the currency 降低币值 3 debase the coinage to
make people have a lower opinion of something 贬低〔某物)：
It's no use lowering the standard for university entry. It's
just debasing the coinage. 降低大学入学标准是没有用的，那只
会让人瞧不起。 — ~ment[C; U]
de. ba. ta. ble /di`betebl; di'beitebal/ adj 1 doubtful; perhaps not
true; questionable 可疑的，有争议的，成问题的：a debatable
statement 有争议的声明 | It's debatable whether this policy
has caused unemployment, 这项政策是否引起了失业, 这是个
有争议的问题。2 claimed by more than one country〔在主权
归属上)争执未决的：a debatable border area 有争议的边界
地区
de·bate'/di`bet; di'beit/ n 1 [C] a meeting, especially in public
in which a question is talked about by at least two people or
groups, each expressing a different opinion 辩论；辩论会：There
was a long debate in Parliament on the question of capital
punishment. 关于死刑问题，国会进行了长时间的辩论。| a
heated debate 激烈的辩论 2 [C usually sing. 一般用单数； U
the process of talking about a question in detail; DISCUSSION
讨论：After much debate, the committee voted to close the
school. 经过长时间讨论，委员会投票表决停办这所学校。| How
to solve this problem is still a matter for debate. 如何解决这
个问题仍是需要讨论的事情。| the current debate on inner·
city crime(=this is a subject that people generally are now
talking about)当前对城区犯罪问题的议论
debate2v 1 [I; T] to hold a debate about (something), usually
in an attempt to reach a decision 进行辩论；讨论：They debated
for over an hour on the merits of the different systems. 他们
就几种不同体制的优点辩论了一个多小时。| The Senate will
debate the subject of tax increases. 参议院将辩论加税这个议
题。| [+wh-] They debated whether to accept the management's
proposals. 他们辩论是否接受资方的建议。2 [T] to consider in
one's own mind the arguments for and against something考
虑，斟酌，盘算：I debated the idea in my mind. 我脑子里在斟酌
这个主意。| [+wh-] She debated whether to accept their offer
她在考虑是否接受他们的建议。— -bater n: a skilled debater
能言善辩的辩论家
de·bauch1/di`botf; di'bo:tf/ v [T usually pass. 一般用被动语
态] to cause to behave badly, especially in relation to sex and
alcohol 使放荡，使堕落：debauched young men 放荡的年轻人
debauch2n an occasion of wild behaviour, especially in rela-
tion to sex and alcohol; wild party or ORGY 荒淫，沉湎酒色，放
荡：狂欢聚会
de·bauch·ee /dbo`tfi; debo:'tfi:/n derog a debauched persor
【贬】放荡者，酒色之徒
de·bauch·e. ry /di`botferi; di'bo:tferi/ n [U] wild behaviour. 
especially in relation to sex and alcohol 放荡，荒淫：a life of
total debauchery 尽情纵欲的生活
de Beau. voir /de `bovwa; de 'beuvwa:/, Si. mone /si`mon; 
si:'meun/(1908-1986) a French writer, thought by some to be
the mother of FEMINIST writing and whose name is often con-
nected to that of Jean-Paul SARTRE 波伏瓦〔(1908-1986)，法
国作家，一些人认为她是女权主义作品之母，她的名字常与让-保
罗·萨特的大名相联系
Deb·en·hams /`debenemz; 'debenemz/ trademark a large DE
PARTMENT STORE in some British cities which sells clothes
and articles for the home【商标】德贝纳姆斯百货商店〔英国的一
些城市中出售服装和家庭用品的大型百货商店
de·ben. ture /di`bantfe; di'bentfe/ n 1 BrE an official paper
that is sold by a business company and represents a debt on
which the company must pay the buyer a fixed rate of interest; 
BOND' (3)【英】〔公司〕债券 2 AmE a BOND' (3) which is not
guaranteed(GUARANTEE) by the property of the company that
sells it【美】无担保债券
de·bil. i. tate /di`bile tet; di'bilteit/ v [T] to make weak, espe-
cially through heat, illness, or hunger 〔因高温、生病、饥饿而〕
使虚弱，使衰弱：a debilitating disease 使人虚弱的疾病 | We
were all debilitated by the extreme heat. 高温把我们都弄得很
虚弱。
de. bil. i. ty /di`bileti; di'bilti/n [U] fml weakness, especially as
the result of disease【正式】〔病后的〕虚弱，衰弱
deb it1/`dabit; 'debt/ n 1 a record in a book of accounts of
money spent or owed 〔账簿上的〕借方，借项 2 a charge against
a bank account〔银行账户上的)借记，借项 — compare 比较
CREDIT'(3); see also 另见 DIRECT DEBIT
debit2v [T] 1 [(against)] to record (an amount of money taken
from an account)〔将取出的金额〕记入·的借方账中：Debit ￡10
against Mr Smith/Mr Smith's account. 将 10英镑金额记入史
密斯先生（银行账户）的借方账中。2[(with)] to charge with
money owed 把应付款登入借方账中：Debit Mr Smith/Mr
Smith's account with ￡10. 把史密斯先生应付的10英镑记入其
借方账中。 — compare 比较 CREDIT2(2)
debit card /'. /n a small plastic card which is used instead of
money or a CHEQUE to pay for goods and services from shops
garages etc. The cost is taken directly from the user's bank
account. Debit cards can also be used to obtain money from
CASH DISPENSERS. 借记卡，借方卡〔用以代替现金或支票付款的
塑料小卡，消费金额直接记入买方账户，该卡还可以在自动提款机
上提取现金〕 — compare 比较 CHARGE CARD, CHEQUE CARD
CREDIT CARD; see also 另见 SWITCH
debit note /'. / n a document informing a buyer that his or her
bank account has been debited with the amount shown on the
note, usually because the buyer was charged too little origi-
nally 借项通知单，账单〔通知买方已将单据上的金额记入银行账
0444
户的一种文件〕
deb·o·nair/ debe`ner; debe'nee/ adj apprec, becoming rare
(usually of men)cheerful, charming, and fashionably dressed
【褒；渐罕】〔通常指男子〕温文有礼的，快活的；穿着时髦的：a
debonair manner/young man 温文尔雅的风度[年轻人]
De Bo. no /de `bono: de 'beuneu/, Edward (1933-) a doctor
and PSYCHOLOGIST, born in Malta, who invented the idea of
LATERAL THINKING (=a new way of solving problems). He has
written several books to explain his ideas and methods. 德·博
诺〔(1933-)，医生和心理学家，出生于马耳他，首创了水平思考
法。他写过几本阐述自己思想和问题解决方式的书〕
de·bouch /di`buf; di'bautf/ v [I+adv/prep] especially tech
(especially of a river) to come out from a narrow place (such
as a valley) into a broader place【尤术语】〔尤指河水从狭处向
宽处)流出：The river debouches into a wide plain. 河水流入
广阔的平原。| (fig. 喻) a football crowd debouching from a
row of buses 从一排公共汽车里冲出来的一群足球迷
De·brett's /de`brats; de'brets/ also 又作 Debrett n a book that
is a guide to the British royal family and other UPPER-CLASS
families in the UK. It provides information about members of
these families, the properties they own, and their history. 《德
布雷特氏贵族名鉴》〔一本介绍英国王室和其他上流社会家族的
书，提供这些家族的成员、财产及其家史等资料〕
debrief /di`brif; di:'bri:f/ v [T] to officially get informatior
from (someone such as a SPY, ASTRONAUT, or HOSTAGE) after
completion of a job, trip, or escape from an enemy country听
取执行任务情况报告，向〔完成任务者〕询问 — compare 比较
BRIEF3
deb. ris /de`bri: 'debri:/ n [U] the remains of something, usually
something large such as a building, that has been broken to
pieces or destroyed; ruins〔被毁建筑物等的〕碎片，瓦砾，残余
After the bombing/the earthquake there was a lot of debris
everywhere. 轰炸[地震]过后, 到处是一片瓦砾。
*debt /dat; det/ n 1 [C] something owed to someone else 债，债
务，欠他人的东西：a debt of ￡1010英镑的债务 | to pay one's
debts 还〔某人的)债 | (fig. 喻) We owe you a debt of grati-
tude for your help. 承蒙帮助，感恩不尽。2 [U] the state of
owing; the duty of repaying something 负债的情况；还债的义
务；报答的义务：I'm heavily in debt at the moment, but hope
to be out of debt when I get paid. 我现在负债累累，但希望拿到
工资后就能把债务还清。| I'll always be in debt to you for
your help. 我将永远欠你慷慨相助的恩情。| If we spend more
than our income we'll run into debt. (=begin to owe money)
要是我们花的比挣的还多，我们就要欠债了。 — see also 另见 BAD
DEBT, NATIONAL DEBT
debt col·lect. or /'·，. ·/ n someone who is employed to collect
debts 讨债人，收债人：Look out of the window and see if that's
the debt collector at the door. 看看窗外，门口那个人是不是来
讨债的
debt of hon. our /'·/n a debt that one ought to pay even
though the law does not force one to 〔虽无法律约束力但有责任
偿还的〕信用债款
debt. or /`dte; 'dete/ n a person, group, or organization that
owes money 债务人，借方：debtor nations 债务国 — compare
比较CREDITOR
de-bug /di`bvg; , di:'bvg/ν-gg- [T] infml【非正式】1 to search
for and remove the BUGS (=faults) in (a computer PROGRAM)
〔在电脑程序中)找错和除错 2 to remove the BUGS (=secret lis-
tening apparatus) from (a room or building)从〔房间或大楼〕
拆除窃听器
de-bunk /di`bank; di:'bank/ v [T] infml to point out the true
facts about （ people, ideas etc that have received too much
praise)【非正式】〔对受到过分吹捧的人、观念等〕揭穿真相：暴露
事实：Their version of events was once widely believed, but
now it's been thoroughly debunked. 过去大家都相信他们对事
件的说法，但现在已真相大白。—~ern
De-bus·sy /debju`si; de'bju:si/, Claude /klod; kleud/(1862-
1918) a French COMPOSER who developed musical IMPRES. 
SIONISM 德彪西〔(1862-1918)，法国作曲家，印象派音乐的创始
人〕
de-but /di`bju; 'deibju:/n a first public appearance 初次登台；初
次参加社交活动：The singer made his debut as Mozart's Don
Giovanni. 这位歌唱家首次登台是演绎莫扎特的《唐·乔凡尼》. 
deb·u·tante / dbiu`tant; 'debjotg:nt/ also 又作 deb infm/【非
正式】— n a young UPPER-CLASS woman who attends certain
special parties, dances, and other social events as a way of
being formally introduced to upper-class society 上流社会初
次进入社交界的少女
DEC-see参见 DIGITAL
Dec. written abbrev. for 缩写=December 十二月
dec·ade /`daked; 'dekeid/ n a period of ten years 十年；十年期
间：Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 在过去
的十年间，物价一直在上涨。[ a movement which grew in the
early decades of this century 本世纪最初几十年兴起的一场运
动
dec. a·dence /di'kedns; 'dekedans/ n [U] 1 a fall to a lower or
worse level, e. g. of morality, civilization, or art, from a former
higher or better level〔道德、文化、艺术等的〕衰退，退步 2 a state
of having low standards of behaviour or morality道德败坏，堕
落，颓废
dec·a·dent /dr`kednt; 'dekedant/ adj marked by decadence; in
a state of DECLINE, especially morally〔尤指道德上〕颓废的，衰
退的； the last decadent years of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国
衰亡的最后岁月 | How decadent to stay in bed all day! 整天
躺在床上，多么颓废无聊啊！ — ~ly ady
de·caf /`dikaef; 'di:kaef/ adj, n [U] abbrev. for 缩写= decaffei-
nated (coffee or, rarely, tea)脱咖啡因的（咖啡或茶）
de·caf·fei·na. ted /di`kaefinetid; di:'kaefoneitd/ adj with the
CAFFEINE(=a drug which makes you feel more active) removed. 
Some people drink decaffeinated coffee, tea, or COLA becaus
ordinary coffee or tea excites their mind and they feel unwell
or cannot sleep, and some drink it because they think ordinary
tea and coffee are bad for the heart. 脱咖啡因的〔有人因为普通
的咖啡或茶会刺激大脑、令人感觉不舒服或失眠，还有些人因为认
为普通的茶和咖啡对心脏有危害而饮用脱咖啡因的咖啡、茶或可
乐〕
de·cal /`dikael; 'di:kael/ n especially AmE for【尤美】= TRANS-
FER2(3)
Dec·a-logue, the /`dake log; 'dekelog/ tech the TEN COMMAND-
MENTS【术语】十诫
De. cam·e·ran /di`kaemeren; d'kaemeren/ [the] a group of amus. 
ing stories, often about sex, by the great Italian writer Boccaccio
Written in the middle of the 14th century this work had a great
influence on English literature. 《十日谈》〔意大利杰出作家薄伽
丘所著的一本趣味故事集，大都与性有关。该书创作于14世纪中
期，对英国文学产生了重大影响〕
de·camp /di`kaemp; di'kaemp/v [I] infml to leave a place quickly
and usually in secret【非正式】秘密而匆忙地离开，逃走：The
lodger has decamped without paying his bill. 房客没付房租就
溜走了。
de·cant /di`kaent; di'kaent/ v [T] 1 to pour (liquid, especially
wine) from one container into another〔尤指将酒等液体〕从—
个容器倒入另一个容器 2 infml to move (people) from one liv-
ing or working place into another【非正式】[把人]迁往
de. cant·er /di`kaente: di'kaente/n a container (usually of glass
and decorated) for holding alcoholic drinks, especially wine, 
before they are poured into glasses. It is used for decorative
effect and, in the case of wine, to improve the taste. 〔通常用有
花纹玻璃做的〕酒瓶〔具有装饰效果并能改善酒的口味〕
de·cap·i·tate /di`kaepe, tet; di'kaepteit/v [T] to cut off the head
of, especially as a punishment; BEHEAD 把·斩首，砍··的头 -
-tation /di kaepe`tefen; di kaep'teifan/ n [C; U]
de. cath. lon /di`kae0lan; di'kae0lon/ n a competition in ATH-
LETICS in which the competitors have to take part in ten sepa-
rate events 十项全能运动：The decathlon includes the 100
metres sprint, the long jump, and the javelin. 十项全能运动中
包括100米短跑、跳远和标枪。 — compare 比较 PENTATHLON, 
BIATHLON
*de. cay1/di`ke; di'kei/ v 1 [I; T] to (cause to) go through chemi-
cal changes which cause destruction （使）腐朽，（使）腐坏：Sugar
can decay the teeth. 糖会蛀蚀牙齿。| decayed wood 腐烂了的
木头 2 [I] to fall to a lower or worse state; lose health, power, 
activity etc; DECLINE 衰落，衰退，衰败：Perhaps all nations
decay in the course of time. 也许所有国家都会随着时间的推移
而衰落。| a decaying urban area 衰变中的市区
decay2n [U] 1 the process or state of decaying 腐败，衰落，腐
朽，颓废：The empty house has fallen into decay. 那所空着的
房子已在朽烂。|The wood has been specially treated to be
resistani to decay. 这木料已做了特殊的防蛀防腐处理。 2 the
decayed parts of the teeth 龋齿，蛀牙：The dentist used a drill
to remove the decay. 牙科医生用牙钻清除龋齿的蛀蚀部分。
Dec. ca /`deke; 'deke/ trademark a large US company that pro-
duces music CDS, as well as televisions, radios, and similar
equipment【商标】迪卡公司〔美国一家大公司，生产激光唱片、电
视机、收音机及类似的产品〕
de·cease /di`sis; di'si:s/ n [U] fml or law death【正式或律】死
亡：Upon your decease the house will pass to your wife. 在你
去世后，这所房屋将归你妻子所有。
de-ceased'/di`sist; di'si:st/ adj fml, euph, or law (of people)
no longer living, especially recently dead【正式，婉或律】已故
0445
的；不久前去世的
deceased2n deceased [the] fml, euph, or law the dead person
or people; a word used especially by policemen, lawyers, and
UNDERTAKERS【正式，婉或律】死者，已故者〔尤为警察、律师及殡
仪员使用) ：The deceased left a large sum of money to his
wife. 死者给他妻子留下一大笔钱。| The deceased were both
killed with the same knife. 两名死者都是被同一把刀所杀死
的。
*de-ceit /dr`sit: dr'si:t/ n 1 [U] the quality of being dishonest欺
骗，欺诈 2[C] a trick; DECEPTION(2)诡计，欺骗手段
de. ceit. ful /dr sitfel; di'si:tfal/ adj tending to deceive; dishon-
est 欺诈的，不诚实的 — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]__
de. ceive /dr`siv: di'si:y/ v [T (into)] to cause (someone) to ac
cept as true or good what is false or bad, usually for a dishon-
est purpose 欺，诈，瞒，蒙蔽：He deceived me -- he lied about
the money. 他欺骗了我 — 关于钱的事他撒了谎。| They de
ceived her into signing the papers. 他们骗她在文件上签了字。
Unless my eyes deceive me, that's the vice-president sitting
over there. 除非是我眼花，那不是副主席坐在那儿吗。| You're
just deceiving yourself if you carry on believing that she loves
you. 如果你还相信她爱你，那只是你欺骗自己而已。— -ceiver
3
de·cel·e·rate /di`sele ret; di:'selereit/ v [I; T] tech to (cause to
go slower, especially in a vehicle【术语】（使）〔车辆等)减速
减缓：to decelerate when approaching a corner 驶近拐角处时
让车子减速 - — opposite 反义词 accelerate - -ration /di scle`refen
di:sele'reifen/n [U]
De. cem·ber /di`sembe; di'sembe/(written abbrev. 缩写为
Dec. )n [C; U] the 12th and last month of the year, between
November and January. In the UK and northern US, Decem-
ber is one of the cold winter months, when the days are short
and there is often snow. When British and American people
think of December, they think especially of Christmas, which
is on December 25th, and New Year's Eve, on December 31st. 
十二月〔在英国和美国北部，12月是寒冷的冬季月份之一，白天
短，常下雪。英国人和美国人想起12月就会联想到12月25日的
圣诞节和12月31日的除夕)；My birthday is on December the
tenth/on the tenth of December/December 10th (BrE 英)/on
December tenth (AmE 美)，我的生日是在12月10日。| Our
offices openec in December 1998. 我们的办事处是 1998年
12月开业的。| She started work here last December/the
December before last. 她从去年[前年]12月份起开始到这里工
作。| one of the coldest Decembers for years 几年来最寒冷的
12月之
de·cen·cies /`disnsiz: 'di:sansiz/ nobserve the decencies be
coming rare to behave in accordance with socially accepted
standards of behaviour【渐罕】遵守为社会接受的行为标准:循规
蹈矩
de. cen·cy /disnsi; 'di:sansi/ n [U] the quality of being decent
正派，庄重，礼节，体面：I know you didn't like him, but at least
have the decency to go to his funeral! 我知道你不喜欢他，但
至少讲点礼节去参加他的葬礼！
de·cent /`disnt; 'di:sant/ adj 1 proper; socially acceptable; not
causins shame or shock to others_得体的, 合宜的, 正派的, 合乎
礼节的：decent behaviour 得体的行为 | Those tight trousers
of yours aren't very decent!你那条绷紧的裤子穿着不太雅观。
opposite 反义词 indecent 2 good enough; ADEQUATE 像样
的：相当好的； a decent wage/standard of living 很不错的薪酬
[生活水平] | You can get quite a decent meal there without
spending too much. 你不用花太多的钱就可以在那里吃上一顿
相当不错的饭。3 infml nice:kind【非正式】和善的：待人宽厚的. 
亲切的：It was very decent of you to drive me to the station. 你
开车送我到火车站，你实在太好了。 — ~ly adv
de·cen·tral·ize, also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/di`santrel, aiz; , di:
sentrelaiz/ v [I; T] a to move (government, a business etc
from one central place or office to several different smaller
ones 使〔政府或企业等)分散行政权 b (of government, a busi-
ness etc) to move in this way 分权，权力下放 - — see also 另见
CENTRALIZE --ization /disentrelai`zefen; di:sentrelai'zeifan/
n[U]
de. cep. tion /di'sepfen; di'sepfan/ n 1 [U] the act of deceiving
欺骗 2 [C] something that deceives; a trick 骗局，骗术，诡计
de. cep. tive /di`septiv; di'septiv/ adj tending or intended to
deceive; misleading 欺骗的，虚伪的：误导的，使人弄错的：She
seems to have plenty of confidence, but appearances are some-
times deceptive. 她看起来好像很有信心，但只看外表往往是靠不
住的。 — ~ly adv: The salesman made it look deceptively
simple. 推销员使之看起来好像很简单。 — ~ness n[U]
decibel /`'dese, bel; 'desbel/ n tech a measure of the loudness
of sound【术语】分贝〔音量单位〕
dec·i·bels /`dasebalz; 'desbelz/n [P] infml humor noise【非正
式，幽】噪音
*de. cide /di`said; di'said/ v1 [I (on); T] to make a choice or
judgment about (a course of action), especially in a way that
ends uncertainty or disagreement; reach a decision about决
定，决心，作出抉择；裁决：I don't know which one to take
I'll let you decide. 我不知道拿哪一个好 —— 我让你来定吧。|
We've decided on Paris (=that we will go to Paris) for our
next holiday. 我们已决定下次度假去巴黎。| After long dis-
cussion they decided in favour of the younger candidate. 经
过长时间讨论后，他们决定支持那位年轻的候选人。|What has
the committee decided? 委员会做出了什么样的决定？ | [+wh-]
We couldn't decide which one to buy/whether to buy the rea
one or the blue one. 我们无法决定买哪一个[到底买红的还是
买蓝的]。| [+to-v/(that)] She's decided to say no/that she will
say no. 她决心表示不同意。| The court has decided for/de-
cided in favour of the defendant. (=passed a judgment in the
DEFENDANT's favour) 法庭判决被告人胜诉。2 [T] to cause to
make a choice; make (someone) decide 使决断，使下决心：Your
words have decided me. 你的话使我下了决心。| [+obj+to-v
What was it that finally decided you to give up your job?是
什么最后使你决定放弃你的工作？3 [T] to bring to a clear or
certain end 解决，使··终结：A goal in the last minute decided
the match. 最后一分钟的入球决定了这场比赛的胜负。| The
chairperson has the deciding vote. 主席在表决中有决定性的
票
de. cid. ed /di`saidid; di'saidd/ adj 1 very clear and easily seen
or understood; UNQUESTIONABLE 明显的，明确的，无疑的：a
decided change for the better 明显的好转 2 having or show-
ing no doubt; sure of oneself 果断的，坚决的，自信的：a man of
very decided opinions 一个非常果断的人 — see also 另见 UN. 
DECIDED
de·cid·ed·ly /di`saididli; dr'saiddli/ adv fml【正式】1 in a very
DECIDED (2) manner 果断地，坚决地：He spoke so decidedly
that none of us dared question him. 他讲得那么果断，我们没
有一个人敢于质问他。2 without doubt; clearly 无疑地，明显地，
显然，绝对：The company's prospects look decidedly gloomy. 
公司的前景显然很黯淡
de·cid·u·ous /di`sid3ues; di'sid3ues/ adj tech【术语】1 having
leaves that fall off in autumn(秋天)〕落叶的； deciduous trees
落叶的树 — opposite 反义词 evergreen — compare 比较 CO
NIFEROUS 2 falling off seasonally or at a certain stage of de-
velopment of life 〔季节性或在某个生长期〕脱落的； a child's
deciduous teeth 孩子的乳齿
*dec. i·mal1 /^daseml; 'desmel/ adj1 based on the number 10+
进的，以十为基础的：decimal currency 十进制的通货 2go deci-
mal to start using a DECIMAL SYSTEM, e. g. of COINAGE 开始采
用十进制〔如十进制货币)：Britain went decimal in 1971. 英国
在1971年开始采用十进制。 — ~ly adv
*decimal2 also 又作 decimal frac·tion /· `·/ - n a PROPER
FRACTION expressed by a system of counting based on the num-
ber ten. The first number following the dot in a decimal repre-
sents TENTHS, the second represents HUNDREDTHS, the third
THOUSANDTHS etc. So for example, the fraction 25/100 is written
0. 25 as a decimal. 小数；带小数的数〔小数点后的第一个数字是
十分位数，第二个数字是百分位数，第三个是千分位数，如此类推。
如分数25/100写成小数是0. 25〕 — compare 比较 INTEGER, VUL
GAR FRACTION
dec·i·mal·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/`daseml aiz; 'desmelaiz/
v [I; T] to change to a decimal system of money, measure-
ments etc 使变成十进制 - -ization /dsemli`zefen; desmelar-
'zeifan/ n [U]
decimal point /，· '/ n the dot at the left of a DECIMAL2小数
点：That's 10. 6 (=ten point six), not 106； you've forgotten the
decimal point!那是10. 6，不是106；你忘了小数点了
decimal sys·tem /'·. ，. ·/ n a system of counting based on the
number ten 十进制
dec·i·mate /`dese met; 'desmeit/ v [T] to destroy a large part
of 大批毁灭：Disease decimated the population. 疾病使大批的
人死亡。- -mation /dse`mefen; , des'meifan/n [U]
de. ci-pher /dr`saife; di'saife/ v [T] to read or find the meaning
of (something difficult or secret, especially a CODE)解开〔疑
团)；破译〔密码)：I can't decipher his handwriting. 我辨认不
出他写的字。 — compare 比较 CIPHER2; see also 另见 INDECI-
PHERABLE
*de-ci-sion /di`si3en; di'si3an/n1 [C; U] (a) choice or judgment; 
(an)act of deciding 决定，抉择；判决：[+to-v] Who made the
decision to go there? 是谁决定到那里去的？ | Whose decision
was it? 这是谁作出的决定？ | The judge will give his decision
tomorrow. 法官将于明天作出判决。| The committee expects
0446
to come to/reach/make a decision soon. 委员会预期很快会作
出决定。| a bad decision 一个错误的抉择 | Decision is diffi-
cult in these cases. 要对这些个案作出决定是困难的。2 [U] the
quality of being able to make choices or judgments quickly
and to act on them with firmness; RESOLUTION 果断，坚决 -
opposite 反义词 indecision 3 Decisions! Decisions! a phrase
used humorously when making an unimportant decision 决定
决定！〔作无关紧要的决定时的幽默用语
de. ci. sive/di`saisiy; di'saisiy/ adj1 showing determination and
firmness; RESOLUTE 果断的，坚定的；有决断力的：You'll have
to be more decisive if you want to do well in business. 如果你
想在商业上取得成就，就必须更果断。2 leading to a clear result:
putting an end to doubt 决定性的：They won the war after d
decisive battle, 经过一场决战后，他们取得了战争的胜利。3 un-
questionable 毫无疑问的，明确的； a decisive advantage 明显
的优势 — opposite 反义词 indecisive — ~ly adv — ~ness n
[U]
deck1/dk; dek/n 1 a floor built across a ship over all or part of
its length 甲板，舱面：Let's go up on deck and sit in the sun. 
shine. 我们到上面甲板去，坐着晒太阳吧。| Our cabin is on the
lower deck. 我们的船舱房间是在下甲板。2 a floor or level of a
bus that has more than one 〔双层公共汽车的)一层 3 especially
AmE a set of playing cards; PACK'(3)【尤美】一副纸牌：She
cut the deck. 她切了牌。4 AmE a roofless raised wooden
entrance built out from the back or side of a house【美】〔房
屋后门或侧门口的)木制平台 — compare 比较 PATIO, PORCH
5 on deck AmE (especially in BASEBALL) ready to be the next
person who BATS2(2)【美】〔尤指棒球〕准备下一个上场击球6
decker/-`dake; -'deke/ having a stated number of floors
levels, or thicknesses 有 （几）层的：a double-decker bus 双
层公共汽车| a three-decker sandwich 三层的三明治 — see
also 另见 TAPE DECK, clear the decks (CLEAR3), hit the deck
(HIT1(10)
deck2v1 [T (OUT)] to decorate, especially with colourful or
pretty things 装饰，点缀：[+obj+in] The street was decked out
in flags for the royal wedding. 为庆祝皇室的婚礼，街道上挂满
了旗帜。| [+obj+with] The Christmas tree was decked with
gifts. 圣诞树周围装点着礼物。2 [T] AmE slang to knock (some-
one) down【美俚】击倒〔某人)：He made me mad so I decked
him. 他让我气得发疯，所以我将他打倒在地
deck. chair /`dk tfer; 'dektfee/ n a folding chair with a long
seat made of cloth (usually brightly coloured CANVAS), used
out of doors. They are used especially on beaches. （尤其在沙
滩上使用的)帆布躺椅：sitting on deckchairs on the beach 在
海滩坐在帆布躺椅上
deck·hand /`dk haend; 'dekhaend/ n a man or boy who does
unskilled work on a ship 甲板水手，普通水手
deck ten·nis /'··/ n [U] a game, played especially on a ship
in which the players throw a rubber ring over a net stretched
across the DECK1(1)甲板“网球”〔一种主要是在船上玩的扔橡
皮圈游戏
de. claim /di`klem; di'kleim/ v [I; T] fml, sometimes derog to
speak loudly and clearly about (something), often using pauses
and hand movements to increase the effect of the words【正
式，有时贬】慷慨陈词，演说；雄辩〔常以停顿和手势加强效果〕
She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers
money. 她慷慨陈词，猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费
dec·la·ma·tion/, dekle`mefen; dekle'meifan/n fml. sometimes
derog [C; U] the act or art of declaiming【正式，有时贬】慷慨激
昂的演说，雄辩（术） - -tory /di`klaemeteri; di'klaemeteri/ adj
*dec. la. ra·tion /，dkle`refen; , dekle'reifan/n 1 [C; U] the act of
declaring 宣言，公告，声明：These events led to the declara-
tion of war. 这些事件导致了宣战。2 [C] a statement giving
official information 申报（单）：Please make a written decla-
ration of all the goods you bought abroad. 请书面申报你在国
外购买的全部物品
Declaration of In. de. pen. dence, the /·. . . . . / also 又作
the American Declaration of Independence especially BrE
【尤英】the document written in 1776， in which the thirteen
British colonies (COLONY) in America officially stated that they
were an independent nation and would no longer agree to be
ruled by Britain. The most famous part of it is: We hold these
truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable
Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of
Happiness. (美国)《独立宣言》〔起草于1776年，为美洲13个英
属殖民地正式宣布独立，不再受英国统治的文件。其中最著名的一
段内容是：我们认为以下真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物
主赋予他们某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求
幸福的权利〕
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 The Declaration of Inde
pendence is one of the most important political documents
in the western world. Its most famous lines officially state
that all people are equal, and that no government has the
right to treat its citizens cruelly or prevent them from hay-
ing happy lives. Because the Declaration of Independence
was formally accepted in Congress on July 4， 1776， the
people of the US celebrate that day as their national holiday, 
called the FOURTH OF JULY or Independence Day. 《独立宣
言》是西方历史上最重要的政治文献之一，它最著名的地方是
正式阐明了人人平等、政府没有权利残酷地对待其公民或阻止
他们过幸福的生活这一道理。1776年7月4日国会正式通过
《独立宣言》，所以美国人民就把这一天作为他们的国庆节，称
FOURTH OF JULY 或 Independence Day(独立纪念日)
de. clar. a. tive /di`klaeretiv; di'klaeretiv/ adj tech (especially ir
grammar)making a statement or having the form of a statement
【术语】〔尤指语法上〕陈述的，叙述的：a declarative sentence陈
述句 — compare 比较IMPERATIVE, INTERROGATIVE
de. clare /di`kler; di'klee/ v 1 [T] to make known publicly or
officially, according to rules, custom etc 宣告，宣布：Britain
declared war on Germany in 1914. 英国在 1914年向德国宣
战。|[+obj+n/adj] Jones was declared the winner of the fight
琼斯被宣布为拳击赛的优胜者。| I now declare this meeting
open, 我现在宣布会议开幕。| The medical examiner declared
me fit. 体检医生宣布我体检合格。2 [T] to state or show with
great force so that there is no doubt about the meaning 声称
断言：He declared his loyalty to the government/his total op
position to the plan, 他声称效忠政府[完全反对这个计划]。
[+(that)] She declared (that) she knew nothing about the
robbery. 她声称对这次抢劫一无所知。| [+obj+n/adj] She de
clared herself (to be) a supporter of the cause. 她自称是这个
事业的拥护者。| The police declared themselves (to be) com-
pletely puzzled by the lack of evidence. 警方自称他们因为证
据不足而感到困惑。3 [T] to make a full statement of (property
for which tax may be owed to the government)申报〔纳税)
The customs officer asked me if I had anything to declare. 海
关人员问我是否有要报税的东西。4 [I](of the captain of a cricket
team)to end the team's INNINGS before all its members have
been put out 〔板球队队长〕宣布在一局的中途终止比赛 5 [I; T]
(in a card game) to say which type of card will be played as
TRUMPS〔纸牌游戏中〕宣布（某种牌是）主牌 6 I declare! old-
fash【过时】(an expression of slight surprise or slight anger 表
示惊愕或微怒)真怪了！怎么搞的！7 I have nothing to declare
but my genius quote a phrase which is believed to have been
used by Oscar Wilde, the Irish writer, when going through
CUSTOMS【引】除了我的天才外，我无所申报〔据信是爱尔兰作家
奥斯卡·王尔德在通过海关时说过的一句话)--clarable adj:
Have you any declarable goods?你有需要申报的物品吗？-
-claratory /di`klaere, tori; di'klaereteri/ adj
declare against sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to state one's opposi. 
tion to 声明反对
declare for sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to state one's support for声
明赞成
de·clared /di`klard; di'kleed/ adj openly admitted as 公开表示
过的，公开宣称的：a declared supporter of the government公
开宣称支持政府的人| It's their declared intention to increase
taxes. 他们公开宣称有增加税收的意图。
de. clas. si·fy /di`klaese fai; di:'klaesfai/ v [T] to declare (es. 
pecially political and military information) to be no longer se
cret撤销〔尤指政治和军事情报的〕机密规定，对机密文件销密-
-fication /diklaesefe`kefen; di:klaesf'keifan/ n [U]
de-clen-sion /di`klenfen; di'klenfan/ n tech (in some languages)
a class of nouns and/or adjectives that DECLINE1(4) in the same
way【术语】〔某些语言名词、形容词的〕变格：词形[词尾]变化；
There are five declensions in Latin. 在拉丁语中，词的变格有
五种。 — compare 比较 CONJUGATION
dec. li·na. tion /，dekle`nefen; dekl'neifan/ n 1 tech the angle
of a COMPASS needle, east or west, from true north【术语】〔指
南针磁针的)偏差，磁偏角：a declination of 15 degrees 15度的
磁偏角 2 rare a formal refusal【罕】〔正式的〕谢绝
de. cline1/di`klain; di'klain/ v 1 [I] to go from a better to a worse
position, or from higher to lower; DETERIORATE 衰落，衰退，下
降：His influence declined as he grew older. 随着年龄的增长，
他的影响力降低了。| the government's declining popularity
政府正在下降的声望 | Do you think standards of morality have
declined in recent years?你是否觉得近几年来道德标准下降
了？ | The old lady wants to spend her declining years by the
sea. 这位老太太要在海边度过她的暮年。2 [I] fml or lit to slope
0447
downwards【正式或文】向下倾斜：About two miles east, the land
begins to decline towards the river. 在大约向东两英里的地方，
地面开始向河岸下倾。3 [I; T] to refuse (a request or offer). 
usually politely; express unwillingness 婉拒，婉言谢绝：We
asked them to come to our party. but they declined (the invi. 
tation). 我们邀请他们来参加我们的聚会，但他们婉言谢绝了。|
[+to-y] The official at first declined to make a statement, but
later she agreed. 这位官员起初拒绝发表声明，但后来她又同意
了。— see 参见 REFUSE (USAGE) 4 [I; T] tech【术语】a (of a
noun, PRONOUN, or adjective) to have different grammatical
forms according to its position or purpose in a sentence 使〔名
词、代词或形容词的〕词尾变化，使变格 b to list or state the dif-
ferent grammatical forms of (a noun, PRONOUN, or adjective)
列出〔名词、代词或形容词的〕词形变化 — compare 比较CON
JUGATE, INFLECT
decline2n [C usually sing. 一般用单数； U] a period or process
of declining; movement to a lower or worse position衰微，衰
退，下降：There has been a sharp decline in profits this year
今年的利润大幅度下降。| The birthrate is on the decline
(=getting lower)出生率在下降
Decline and Fall of the Ro. man Em. pire, The/. . . . 
/(1776-1788) a series of six historical books written by Ed-
ward Gibbon, which tell the story of the Roman Empire from
the 1st century AD to the 15th century. It is regarded as one of
the greatest historical works ever written in English. 《罗马帝
国衰亡史》〔(1776-1788)，爱德华·吉本所著的6卷系列历史书
籍，记述了罗马帝国从公元1世纪至15世纪的历史，被视为是最
伟大的英语历史著作之一〕
de. cliv. i. ty /di`klivetr; dr'klivti/n fml or tech a downward slope
【正式或术语】倾斜面，斜坡 — compare 比较ACCLIVITY
de. coc. tion /di`kakfen; di'kokfan/n fml a liquid obtained by
boiling something for a long time in water【正式】煎剂，煎汁，
熬汁
de. code /di`kod; di:'keud/ v [T] to discover the meaning of
(something written in a CODE)译码，解码：We decoded the
enemy's telegram. 我们破译了敌人的电报密码。
de. colle. tage /，dekal`ta3; deikol'ta:3/n 1 the parts of a wo. 
man's body, especially the breasts, which show when she wears
a very low-cut dress〔尤指妇女穿低领服装时露出的〕胸部 2 a
top edge of a woman's dress that is cut very low to show part
of the shoulders, chest, and breasts〔低胸露肩式女装的〕低领
de. col. lete /dekal`te; dei'koltei/ adj(especially of a dress) leav. 
ing uncovered part of the shoulders, chest, and breasts〔尤指服
装〕低胸露肩的
de·col·o·nize, also 又作-nise BrE【英】/di`kale, naiz; di:'kolenaiz/
v [T] to give political independence to (a former COLONY)使
非殖民地化，使〔殖民地〕独立--nization /dikalene`zefen
di:klenai'zeifan/ n [U]
de. com·pose /，dikem`poz; , di:kem'peuz/ v [I; T] 1 to (cause
to)decay(使)腐烂：decomposed vegetable matter 腐烂了的蔬
菜 2 to(cause to) break up and separate into simple parts(使)
分解：to decompose a chemical compound 分解一个化合物 -
-position /，dikampe`zifen; , di:kompe'zifen/n[U]
de. com. press /，dikem`pres; di:kem'pres/ v [T] to reduce the
pressure of air on 使减压，减少·的气压 — ~ion /-`prafen; 
-'pre[an/ n [U]: decompression sickness 减压病 | Deep-sea
divers get back to normal air pressure by going through a
decompression chamber. 深海潜水员返回正常气压时要通过一
个减压室
de·con·gest·ant /diken`d3estent; di:ken'd3estent/na medi-
cine that reduces swelling and blocking, especially in the nose
〔尤指用于鼻子的〕充血缓和剂，鼻塞药
de·con·tam·i·nate /，diken`taeme, net; , di:ken'taemneit/v[T]
to remove dangerous (e. g. RADIOACTIVE) substances from 把·. 
净化，清除<如放射性物体的>污染--nation /-taeme`nefen; 
-taem'neifen/n[U]
de. con·trol /，diken`trol; di:ken'treul/ v-ll- [T] to end control
of 解除对·的管制，撤销对·的控制：to decontrol prices解除
物价管制
de. cor /de`kor; 'deiko:/n [C; U] the decorative furnishing and
arranging of a place, especially a room, house, or stage 室内装
饰；舞台布景，布置：It's a good restaurant, but I don't really
like the décor. 这是一家好餐馆，但我实在不喜欢它的装饰。
dec. o. rate /dake ret; 'dekereit/ v1 [T (with)] to provide with
something that is added because it is attractive or beautiful, 
and not because it is necessary_装饰, 布置, 美化: The streets
were decorated with flags. 各街道都用旗帜装饰起来。| to
decorate a cake with icing 用糖霜装饰蛋糕 2 [I; T] to paint or
out paper etc, on the walls of a house装修；油漆（室内）墙壁
贴墙纸：How much will it cost to decorate the kitchen?粉刷
一下厨房要花多少钱？| We spent the weekend decorating. 我
们利用周末来装修房子。3 [T(for)] to give (someone) an offi-
cial mark of honour, such as a MEDAL 授予·荣誉标志[勋章]：
They were decorated for outstanding bravery. 他们因英勇过
人而被授予勋章
□USAGE 用法说明 Decorate, adorn, embellish, and
garnish all mean 'to add something to, so as to make more
attractive'. decorate, adorn, embellish, garnish 都是指
添加一些东西使之更有吸引力。Decorate is usually used of
places and buildings. 装饰住所和建筑物通常用 decorate:
The children decorated the house for Christmas, (孩子们
为过圣诞节而装饰房子。)Adorn(rather fml or lit 较正式或
文) is usually used of people. 人的装饰常用 adorn: She
adorned herself with jewels. （她用珠宝装饰自己。） Embel-
lish often has a figurative meaning. embellish 常有比喻的
意思：He embellished the story to make it more amusing. 
(他给这个故事添枝加叶，使它更加有趣。)Garnish is most
often used of cooking, 而 garnish 最常用于烹饪：a fried
fish garnished with pieces of tomato(一条煎鱼配上几片
番茄)
*dec·o·ra·tion /d8ke`refen; deke'reifan/ n 1 [U] the act or art
of decorating 装饰；装饰艺术；装潢 2 [C often pl. 常用复数]
something that decorates; ORNAMENT 装饰品：Christmas deco
rations 圣诞节的装饰品 3 [C] something given as a sign of
honour, especially a military MEDAL〔尤指军队的〕勋章；授予
的荣誉标志
dec. o. ra·tive /`dake retiv; 'dekaretiv/ adj used for decorating; 
ORNAMENTAL装饰的，装饰用的：a decorative gold table装饰
用的金桌子 — ~ly adv
dec. o. ra·tor /`dke ret; 'dekereite'/n 1 a person who paints
houses inside and out 房屋油漆工人：I can't come and see you
this week -- I've got the decorators in. 这个星期我不能来看
你——我找了油漆工人来（油漆房屋）。2 an INTERIOR DECORA-
TOR室内装修设计师
dec. o. rous /`dakeres; 'dekeres/ adj fml (of appearance or be-
haviour) correct; showing proper respect for the manners and
customs of society【正式】〔外表、行为等〕正派的，得体的，端庄
的，有礼的 — ~ly adv
de. co. rum /di`korem; di'ko:rem/ n [U] correct and respectful
behaviour or appearance; PROPRIETY; a word used mainly by
older people〔外表、行为等的〕端庄，稳重，有礼〔主要为老年人使
用)：I hope you will behave with suitable decorum at the fu-
neral. 我希望你在葬礼上表现得庄重得体。
de. coy' /di`koi; 'di:koi/ n 1 a person or thing that is used for
tricking someone or getting them into a dangerous position; a
word used especially in police or military operations 诱惑者
[物]，诱饵〔尤用于警方或军事上的行动) 2 a model of a bird that
is used for attracting wild birds within range of guns 囮子〔猎
鸟时用以引诱鸟进入射程之内的假鸟)：a decoy duck 野鸭囮子
de. coy2/di`koi; di'koi/ v [T (into)] to deceive (a person) into a
position of danger 诱骗〔某人)：They decoyed him into a dark
street, where they robbed him. 他们把他诱骗到一条漆黑的街
上，在那里他们抢劫了他。
*de. crease1/di`kris; di'kri:s/v [I; T] to (cause to) become less
in size, amount, strength, or quality; reduce(使)减少，减弱，减
轻，降低：Our sales are decreasing. 我们的销售量正在减少。
They are making further efforts to decrease military spending
他们正在作进一步的努力以减少军费开支。 — opposite 反义词
increase
*de-crease2 /dikris: 'di:kri:s/ n1 [C; U] the process of decreas-
ing 减少，减弱，减轻 2 [C (in)] an amount by which something
decreases 减少之量 [额]：a 6% decrease in his income 他的收
入减少了6%
de. cree1 /di`kri; di'kri:/ n 1 an official command or decisior
that has the force of law, especially one made by a king, a
military government etc〔尤指国王或军政府颁布的〕命令，法令：
to issue a decree 颁布一项法令 | [+that] a decree that politi-
cal activity should be restricted 一项限制政治活动的法令| to
forbid it by decree 依照法令禁止某事 2 especially AmE a judg-
ment of certain types in a court of law【尤美】〔法庭的〕判决
decree2ν[T] to order or judge officially, with the force of law
命令；裁决；颁布··为法令：to decree an end to the fighting 下
令结束争斗 | [+that] They have decreed that the fighting
should end, 他们宣布结束战争的法令。| [+obi+adi] The com-
mittee decreed the film unsuitable for children. 委员会裁定该
影片不适宜儿童观看
decree ab·so·lute / '·/ n pl. decrees absolute BrE law an
order by a court that officially ends the marriage of two people. 
0448
each of whom is then free to marry again【英，律】离婚诉讼之
绝对判决，最后判决〔法庭正式解除当事人婚姻关系的判决，双方
因此可以再婚)：My decree absolute comes through next week
我的（离婚）最终判决将于下周出来。 — see also 另见 DECREE
NISI
decree ni·si /di`kri `naisai; di, kri: 'naisai/ n pl. decrees nisi
BrE law an order by a court that a marriage will be ended at a
certain future time (usually after six weeks) if there is no good
reason why it should not end, e. g. both people have changed
their mind【英，律】离婚诉讼之中期判决〔规定如提不出恰当理由，
例如双方改变主意等，即在未来某一日期，一般为六周之后解除婚
姻关系) — see also 另见 DECREE ABSOLUTE
de. crep. it /di`krepit; di'krept/ adj weak and in bad condition
from old age or hard use 衰老的，老朽的；衰弱的；破旧的：
decrepit old man/old chair衰弱的老人; 破旧的椅子
de·crep·i·tude /di`krpi tjud; di'kreptju:d/n [U] fml the qual. 
ity of being decrepit【正式】衰老；破旧〔状态〕
de·crim·i·nal·ize also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/di`kriminlaiz:
di:'krimnalaiz/ v [T] to state officially that something is not
illegal any more 使〔原属非法的东西)合法化：the campaign to
decriminalize cannabis 使大麻合法化的运动 - -ization n [U]
de. cry /di'krai; di'krai/ v [T] fml to speak disapprovingly of:
say bad things about (especially something dangerous to the
public)【正式】非难，谴责，诋毁，贬抑：to decry the violence of
modern films 谴责现代电影中的暴力镜头
ded·i·cate /`dede ket; 'dedkeit/ v [T] to give to a holy purpose. 
often with a solemn ceremony〔为一神圣目的而)供奉，奉献：The
new church will be dedicated on Sunday, 新教堂的奉献仪式
将在星期日举行。
dedicate sbdy. /sthg. to sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to give com. 
pletely to (a particular cause, purpose, or action); DEVOTE to
致力于，献身于：The doctor dedicated her life/herself to find-
ing a cure. 这位医生为寻求一种治疗方法奉献了她的一生。2 to
declare (a book, performance etc) to be in honour of (a person)
把〔作品等〕献给〔某人)：He dedicated his first book to hi
mother. 他把自己的第一部著作献给母亲
ded·i. cat. ed /dede ketid; 'dedkeitd/ adj 1 [(to)] (especially
of people)very interested in or working very hard for an idea. 
purpose etc; COMMITTED〔尤指人〕忠诚的，热忱的，一心一意的
She's very dedicated to her work, 她对工作专心致志。I a dedi-
cated doctor 一名富于献身精神的医生 | This organization is
dedicated to overthrowing democracy. 这个组织一心一意地
想要推翻民主制度。2 [no comp. 无比较级] tech (especially of
a computer or a computer PROGRAM) intended to be used for
one particular purpose【术语】〔电脑或电脑程序〕专用的； a dedi-
cated word-processor 专用的文字处理机 — ~ly ady
ded·i. ca. tion /，dde`kefen; ded'keifan/ n 1 [C; U] the act of
dedicating 奉献，献身 2 [C; U] the quality of being dedicated. 
especially in an unselfish way 献身精神：They worked with
great dedication to find a cure for cancer. 他们以忘我精神工
作，以寻找治疗癌症的方法。3[C] the words used in dedicat
ing a book or performance to someone〔书等作品上的)题词
献词
de·duce /di`djus; di'dju:s/ v [T (from)] fml to reach a decision
or judgment about (a fact or situation) by using one's knowl
edge or reason; INFER【正式】推论，推断，演绎：What did Dar-
win deduce from the presence of these snecies in the
Galapagos?达尔文从加拉帕戈斯群岛那些物种的存在推断出了
什么？ | [+that] The police deduced that the murder had been
committed by a woman. 警方推断这宗谋杀案是由一个女人所
作。 — see also 另见 DEDUCTION, DEDUCTIVE - -ducible ad
de. duct /di`dvkt; di'dvkt/y [T (from)] to take away (an amount. 
a part) from a total; subtract 扣除，减去：The cost of the break-
ages will be deducted from your pay. 损坏东西的费用将从你
的工资中扣除。 — compare 比较 SUBTRACT — ~ible adj: Your
expenses are deductible from tax. 你的开支可以从税中扣除。
de·duc. tion /di`dakfen; di'dakfan/n [C; U] 1 (an example or
result of) a process of reasoning using general rules or prin
ciples to form a judgment about a particular fact or situation
推论，推断：〔由推论得出的)结论：We worked out the answer by
deduction. 我们通过推论得出了答案。| What deductions have
you made from that. Watson?由此可以得出什么结论，沃森？
[+that] Her deduction that he was now dead was correct. 她
认为他已经死了的推断是正确的。 — compare 比较 INDUCTION
(6)2 the process of deducting or an amount which is deducted
扣除，扣除额：Your gross salary will be ￡900 a month, which
works out at about ￡650 after all deductions. 你的月薪总额将
是900英镑，扣除了各项应扣款后，算下来约为650英镑。
de. duc. tive /di`daktrv; di'dvktiv/ adj using deduction; reason-
ing from a general idea or set of facts to a particular idea or
facts 推理的，推断的，演绎的：the deductive process 推理过程
deductive reasoning 演绎推理 — compare 比较 INDUCTIVE
~ly adv
deed /did; di:d/ n 1 especially lit or old use something done on
purpose; an action【尤文或旧】行为，行动：to do good deeds 做
好事 | to be honourable in word and deed 言行令人敬佩 | the
murderer's evil deeds 谋杀者的罪恶行径 2 law a written and
signed paper that is an official record of an agreement, espe-
cially an agreement concerning who owns property【律】〔尤指
有关房地产的〕契约：〔正式签章的法律〕证书 — see also另见
TITLE DEED
deed of cov·e·nant /，· '··/ n pl. deeds of covenant a legal
agreement in Britain in which a person promises to pay a fixed
sum to another person or organization, e. g. a CHARITY, regu-
larly for an agreed period of time〔在英国，为个人或慈善机构
等组织定期捐款的〕契约书
deed poll /'/n pl. deed polls or deeds poll law (especially in
Britain)a legal deed signed by one person only, especially when
changing one's name【律】〔尤指英国的〕单边契据〔由单方签立，
尤指更改姓名)：I've changed my name by deed poll. 我签了单
边契据更改姓名
dee·jay /di`d3e; di:'d3ei/ n a DISC JOCKEY 音乐节目主持人
deem /dim; di:m/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式
fml to consider; have the opinion; judge【正式】认为，视为，断
定为：[+obj+n/adj] We would deem it an honour if the minis-
ter agreed to meet us. 假如部长同意接见我们，我们将引以为
荣。[ It was deemed advisable to keep the affair secret. 对这
件事保守秘密被认为是明智的。| [+that] They deemed that he
was no longer capable of managing his own affairs. 他们认
为他没有能力再处理自己的事务。
*deep1/dip; di:p/ adj1 going far down from the top 深的：a deep
hole in the ground 地上的一个深洞 | The river is very deep
here. 这条河在这地方的水很深。| [after n 用于名词后] a mine
two kilometres deep 一个两千米深的矿 | ankle-deep in mud
陷入齐脚踝深的泥里 2 going far in from the outside or the front
edge （位于）深处的，纵深的：a deep wound 很深的伤口| deep
borders of red silk 用红色丝绸镶的阔边 | a house deep in the
forest 森林深处的一所房子 | [after n 用于名词后] a shelf 30
centimetres deep (=30 centimetres from front to back) and
120 centimetres long一个30厘米深，120厘米宽的架子| cars
parked three deep停成3排的汽车 3 comins from or reaching
very low in the chest 来自[到达]胸腔深处的：He took a deep
breath, filling his lungs with clean air at last, 他深深地吸了
口气，终于饱吸到了新鲜空气。 — compare 比较 SHALLOW'(3)
4 near the outer limits of the playing area 靠近（运动场）界外地
带的； a hit into the deep field 打到外场远处的球 5 (of a colour)
strong and dark〔颜色〕深色的，浓重的：The sky was deep blue
天空是深蓝色的。 — compare 比较LIGHT3(2), PALE1(2)6(of a
sound) low 〔声音〕低沉的，深沉的； a deep voice 低沉的声音 |
a deep sigh 低沉的叹息 7 (of feelings or conditions) strong
and unlikely to change; extreme; INTENSE〔感受等〕强烈的，极
度的；深厚的：deep feelings 深厚的感情 | a deep sleep 酣睡 | 
a deep sense of gratitude 深切的谢意 | a deep distrust of law-
yers 对律师极度的不信任感 | a deep disorder of the mind 神
志的极度错乱-see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE:Intensifying
Adjectives 8 seriously bad or damaging 严重的，深重的，极有
害的； in deep trouble/dishonour 深陷困境：名誉极大受损 9
understanding difficult matters thoroughly; wise 富有理解力
的，理解深刻的：a deep mind/thinker 深邃的思想；深刻的思想
家 10 difficult to understand; mysterious 深奥的，神秘的：deep
scientific principles深奥的科学原理| a deep person莫测高
深的人| a deep dark secret 讳莫如深的秘密 11 go off (at) the
deep end slang to lose one's temper suddenly, violently, and
unreasonably【俚】勃然大怒，大发脾气 12 in/into deep water
infml in/into serious trouble【非正式】陷入严重困境 13 thrown
in at the deep end infml having to begin with the most diffi-
cult part of a job【非正式】不得不从一份工作的最难部分做起 -
see also 另见 DEPTH, DEPTHS — ~ly adv: We are deeply grate
ful for your support. 我们深深地感谢你的支持。| His remarks
were deeply offensivelembarrassing. 他的话非常无礼[令人难
堪]。 — ~ness n[U]
deep2 adv [+adv/prep] 1 to a great depth; deeply 深入地，深深
地：He pushed his stick deep (down) into the mud. 他把手杖深
深地插进泥里。| We're deep in debt. 我们债台高筑。| She
was deep in thought and didn't hear the phone ringing. 她那
时正全神贯注在想事，没有听到电话铃响。2 far along in time:
late （到） 很晚：They danced deep into the night. 他们跳舞直到
深夜。3 deep down in one's true nature; in fact rather than
appearance 内心〔与外表有别)，本质上：She may seem rather
unfriendly, but deep down she's very nice. 她看起来可能不太
0449
友好，但本质上是个很好的人
deep3n [the] poet the sea【诗】海洋
deep dish /' / adj also 又作 deep dish pie/pizza a PIE or PIZZA
that is made in a deep pan so that it can contain more fruit, 
vegetables, cheese etc than an ordinary pie or pizza〔用深盘烘
制以便含有更多水果、蔬菜或干酪等的〕深盘馅饼[比萨饼]
deep. en /dipen; 'di:pen/ v [I; T] to make or become deeper or
more extreme 变深，加深；加重；使深沉； to deepen a well 把井
加深 | deepening shadows 渐深的阴影 | The crisis deepened
危机加深了
deep freeze //n an apparatus for keeping food at very low
temperatures; FREEZER 深冻冰箱，冷藏库
deep fry /'/v [T] to FRY (food) completely under the surface
of oil or fat 油炸〔食物〕
deep-laid // adj planned in secret 秘密策划的：a deep-laid
scheme 秘密策划的计谋
deep-root·ed / '·√ also 又作 deeply rooted /，· `·/ -- adj
strongly fixed in one's nature, especially for a long time; IN-
GRAINED 根深蒂固的：For some people, smoking is a deep
rooted habit. 对有些人来说，吸烟已成一种根深蒂固的习惯
deep-sea div·ing /，'·/ n [U] the sport or activity of going
down under the sea at a distance from the shore usually from a
boat and usually with breathing equipment 深海潜水：We did
some deep-sea diving while we were on holiday. 我们在度假
时参加了几次深海潜水活动。- deep-sea diver n
deep-seat·ed /，'·/ adj (especially of feelings) existing far
below the surface 〔尤指感情〕隐藏在深处的；深层的：a deep
seated sorrow 深沉的忧郁
Deep South, the / / an area of the southeastern US includ
ing Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, South Carolina, and Missis-
sippi. The expression 'Deep South' is used mainly in talking
about politics or history, or about the RACIST attitudes that are
thought to be typical of some of the people who live there. 南
方腹地〔美国东南部地区，包括亚拉巴马州、路易斯安那州、佐治亚
州、南卡罗来纳州和密西西比州。该表达方式主要用于谈论政治
历史或该地一些居民的种族主义态度) — compare 比较 SOUTH
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 When people in the US
talk about the Deep South, they mean the central parts of
the South such as Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Loui
siana. The STEREOTYPE of people living in these states is
that they are more traditional, CONSERVATIVE, and RACIST
than people in other parts of the US. Southern states such
as Florida, Texas, and Virginia are not considered part o
the Deep South. 美国人所说的南方腹地指的是亚拉巴马州
佐治亚州、密西西比州和路易斯安那州等的南方中部地区。这
些州的居民的典型形象比美国其他州居民更传统、更保守，更
信奉种族主义。佛罗里达、得克萨斯以及弗吉尼亚等南方诸州
被认为不属于南方腹地。— see Cultural Note at 参见 SOUTH
文化注释
deep throat / '/ n AmE infml a secret giver of information
【美，非正式】匿名内情提供人，“深喉”：Who was the deep throat
of Watergate?谁是水门事件的匿名揭发者？
deer /dir; die/ n pl. deer a grass-eating animal that is able to
run very fast. The males usually have wide branching horns
(ANTLERS). A young deer is called a fawn. Deer are thought of
as being gentle and TIMID animals. There is a famous Disney
film about a young deer called Bambi. 鹿〔幼鹿称为 fawn。鹿
被认为是温顺、胆小的动物，有一部讲述小鹿的著名迪斯尼影片叫
做《小鹿斑比》) — see also 另见 RED DEER, REINDEER
deer·stalk·er /`dir stoke: 'diesto; ke/ n a kind of soft hat with
ear-coverings that can be worn up or down. Many people con-
nect the deerstalker with Sherlock HOLMES. 〔有护耳的)软猎帽
〔许多人把它同福尔摩斯联系在一起〕
de-es·ca·late /，di`ske let; , di:'eskeleit/v [I; T] to (cause to)
decrease in force, range, or rate; used especially in connection
with military actions(使)缩小，（使）降低〔尤在与军事行动有关
时使用)：to de-escalate the bombing/the tensions in the re-
gion 减低对该地区的轰炸规模；缓和该地区的紧张局势 - -lation
/digske`lefen; di:eske'leifan/n [U]
de face /di'fes; di'feis/ v [T] to spoil the surface or appearance
of, e. g. by writing or making marks 损伤··的外观：涂污：to
deface a monument/an inscription 磨损纪念碑[碑文] — ~ment
n[U]
de fac. to /di `faekto; dei 'faekteu/ adj, adv Lat fml in actual
fact, though not perhaps justly or according to law【拉丁，正
式】事实上（的），实际上（的）：a de facto state of war 实际上的
战争状态 — compare 比较 DE JURE, IPSO FACTO
de·fame /di`fem; di'feim/ v [T] fml to damage the good opinior
held about (a person or group), usually unfairly, by writing or
saying something bad about them; LIBEL or SLANDER someone
【正式】诽谤，中伤，破坏·的名誉--famatory /di`faeme tori:
di'faemeteri/ adj: defamatory remarks 诽谤的话 - -famation
/, dafe`mefen; defe'meifan/n [U]: to sue a newspaper for de
famation of character 控告报纸诽谤人格（罪）
de. fault' /dr`folt; dr'fo:lt/ v [I] to fail to fulfil a contract, agree. 
ment, or duty, especially a [(on)] to fail to pay a debt 不履行
〔契约等)，违约；〔尤指〕拖欠债务：He defaulted on his payments
for support of the child. 他拖欠给孩子的抚养费。b to fail to
take part in a competition 不参加比赛，弃权 — ~er n
default2n 1 [U] failure to do something that is demanded by
duty or law, such as paying one's debts or appearing at the
proper time in a court of law 违约；怠忽；缺席；拖欠 2 [U] fail-
ure to take part in a competition 弃权：She won by default
because her opponent refused to play. 她因对手弃权而获胜。
3 [C] a particular way that a computer system will perform an
operation, except if the user gives it different instructions〔电
脑的〕默认预设，预置（值）〔即除非使用者下新指令来修正，否则以
系统预设值进行操作的做法)4in default of because of the ab
sence or lack of 在缺少··的情况下：因没有··时
*de·feat1/di`fit; dr'fi:t/ v [T] 1 to win a victory over, e. g. in a
war, competition, or game; beat 击败，战胜：After a long cam-
paign, the Duke of Wellington's army defeated Napoleon. 经
过漫长的战役，威灵顿公爵的军队战胜了拿破仑。|The English
team was defeated by three goals to one. 英格兰足球队以1 比
3 被击败。| The Opposition's motion was heavily defeated in
Congress. 反对党的动议在国会遭到惨败。|(fig. 喻) I've tried
to understand your idea, but I'm afraid it defeats me. 我一直
试图理解你的想法，但恐怕我得认输了。— see 参见 WIN(USAGE)
2 to cause to fail; FRUSTRATE(2)使失败，使受挫折，挫败：I
was lack of money, not of effort, that defeated their plan. 他
们的计划受挫是因为缺少经费，而不是没有尽力。 — see also另
见SELF-DEFEATING
*defeat2n 1 [C; U](an example of) being defeated 败北，失败，
挫折：The government has suffered a serious defeat. 政府遭受
到严重的挫折。| They remained dignified in defeat. 他们虽战
败，却保持着尊严。| After several defeats, the team is now
doing well agair. 经过几次失败以后, 这个队现在又有了起色。
deer 鹿
2 [U] the act of defeating 战胜，击败； the defeat of our en-
emies 击败我们的敌人 — opposite 反义词 victory
de·feat·is. m /di`fitizem; di'fi:tizam/ n [U] derog the practice
antlers
of thinking or talking in a way that shows an expectation of
鹿角
being unsuccessful【贬】失败主义 - -ist n, adj: Don't be such
a defeatist! 别做出这一副失败主义者的模样！| a defeatist at-
titude失败主义的态度
def·e·cate /`defe ket; 'defakeit/v [I] fml to pass waste matter
from the bowels【正式】排粪，大便 - -cation /d8fe`kefen; 
def3'keifan/ n [U]
de-fect' /difekt; 'di:fekt/ n something missing or imperfect; fault
缺点，过失，瑕疵：Before they leave the factory, all the cars
are carefully tested for defects. 出厂前所有的汽车都经过仔细
deer 鹿
的质量检验。| a hearing defect 听觉缺陷
de. fect2 /di`fakt; di'fekt/ v [I (from, to)] to desert a political
party, group, or country, especially in order to join an oppos-
ing one 变节，叛变，脱离：She defected to the West. 她变节投
奔到西方。 — ~or n: political defectors 政治上的变节者 — ~ior
/-`fekfen; -'fekfan/ n [C; U]: several defections from the
Labour Party_好几个背弃工党的人| What cau. his
defection?是什么使他变节？
de. fec. tive /di`faktiv; di'fektiv/ adj 1 not working properly; 
faulty 有缺陷的，有毛病的：defective machinery/hearing 有缺
陷的机器[听觉] 2 (of a person) well below the average, espe-
cially in mind 〔指人〕心智不健全的，智力低于正常标准的 — see
0450
also 另见 MENTAL DEFECTIVE 3 tech lacking one or more of
the usual forms of grammar【术语】〔语法〕不完全变化的：‘Must'
and 'can' are defective verbs. must 和 can 是不完全变化动词。
 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
*de·fence'BrE【英】‖usually 一般作 defense AmE【美】/di`fans; 
di'fens/ n 1 [U] the act or process of defending 保卫，防卫，防
御，维护：the defence of one's country 保卫自己的国家 | the
art of self-defence 自卫术 | He spoke in defence of justicel
the government's record. 他发言维护正义；他为政府的政绩辩
护。 — see also 另见 CIVIL DEFENCE, SELF DEFENCE 2 [C; U]
means, methods, or things used in defending 防御手段，防御
物：government spending on defence 政府用于国防的开支
The defences of the city are strong. 这城市的防御工事很坚固，
She caught him when his defences were down, 她趁他放松戒
备的时候让他上了圈套。| Trees are a defence against the wind. 
树木是防风的屏障。| Good strong locks are the best defence
against burglars. 坚固的锁是防盗贼的最好防御物。3 [C usu
ally sing. 一般用单数] arguments used in defending oneself
especially in a court of law 〔尤指法庭上的)辩护，辩词，答辩：The
prisoner's defence was rather weak. 囚犯的辩词软弱无力。
She said, in her defence, that she had not seen the “No Park
ing”sign. 她为自己辩护说，她没有看见“不准停车”的标志。4
[the+S+sing. /pl. v] the defendant in a court case together with
his/her lawyer or lawyers 辩方，被告方：The defence have/has
asked for an adjournment. 辩方要求休庭。- — compare 比较
PROSECUTION(2) — ~less adj
defence2BrE【英】‖usually 一般作 defense AmE【美】/di`fans:
di'fens/ 1 [C+sing. /pl. v] the part of a team that tries to de-
fend its own GOAL in a match(球类比赛中的〕（后）卫，防守队
员2 [C] a set of moves or methods used in defending, espe
cially in CHESS(尤指国际象棋中的)防守（方法） ； Her defence
crumbled. 她的防守崩溃了
defence mech. a. nis. m/·. /n 1 a process in the brain which
makes one forget about things that are difficult or painful to
accept〔心理)防卫机制 2 a reaction by the body to fight illness
(生理〕防御机理，防卫机理：These glands in your neck have
come up as a defence mechanism to fight the infection in your
mouth. 你颈部的淋巴腺可起到防止口腔感染的生理防御机理作
用。
*de·fend /di`fend; di'fend/ v1 [T (against, from)] to keep safe
from harm; protect against attack 防御，防护，保卫：The coun-
try cannot be defended against a nuclear attack. 这个国家无
法防御核武器的袭击。| When the dog came towards me l
picked up a stick to defend myselt. 当狗冲着我走过来时, 我拾
起一根棍子来自卫。| The union said they would take action
to defend their members' jobs. 工会说他们将采取行动维护会
员的工作权益。2 [I; T] (in sports) to protect (a position) so as
to keep an opponent from advancing, making points, or win-
ning （体育运动中）防守：They defended (their goal) with great
skill. 他们防守（球门）的技巧很高明。3 [T] to act as a lawye
for (the person who has been charged)做〔被告的)辩护律师-
compare 比较 PROSECUTE (2) 4 [T] to use arguments to support. 
protect, or show the rightness of; JUSTIFY 为··辩护：How can
you defend the killing of animals for scientific research?你
怎能为因科学研究而杀死动物的行为辩护呢？ — see also另见
DEFENCE. DEFENSIVE — ~er n
de. fen. dant/di`fendent; di'fendent/n a person against whom a
charge is brought in a court of law. In Britain and the US a
defendant is considered to be INNOCENT until the police and
the lawyers have proved his/her guilt to the JURY beyond all
reasonable doubt. 被告〔在英国和美国，被告在警方和律师向陪
审团证明他或她的确有罪之前，被认为是清白的〕 — compare 比
较PLAINTIFF
de·fend·er/di`fende; di'fende/n (in sports) one of the players
who tries to defend his or her team's GOAL in a match 〔体育比
赛中的〕防守队员
Defender of the Faith /·. ·. '/ a title used by British kings
and queens since Henry VIII, who was given it by Pope Leo X
in 1521 because he wrote a paper attacking the ideas of Martin
LUTHER信念捍卫者〔英国国王和女王自亨利八世起沿用的尊号
1521年亨利八世因撰文抨击马丁·路德的思想而被教皇利奥十世
赐予该称号〕
defenseνAmE for【美】= DEFENCE1
de. fen. si. ble /di`fensebl; di'fensbal/ adj that can be defended
能防御的；能保卫的；能辩护的：a defensible fortress/position
能防御的堡垒[位置] | His behaviour was perfectly defensible
他的行为是完全可以辩解的。- -bly adv
de·fen. sive1/di`fensiv; di'fensiv/ adj1 that defends; used or
intended for defence 防御性 [用]的，防卫的：defensive weap
ons/tactics 防御性武器[战术] | a defensive position/alliance
防守性阵地[同盟] — opposite 反义词 OFFENSIVE1 2 sometimes
derog (of a person or behaviour)seeming to expect disapproval
or attack【有时贬】〔人或行为〕防卫的，守势的，自卫的：She be-
came very defensive when I asked her how much the car had
cost. 当我问她这辆汽车多少钱时，她便充满戒心，不愿多谈。
~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
defensive2n on the defensive sometimes derog prepared for
disapproval or attack, because one is expecting it【有时贬】处
于防御姿态，采取守势
de·fer/di`f3; di'f3:/ v-rr- [T] to delay until a later date; POST
PONE 拖延，延缓，展期，推迟：Let's defer the decision for a few
weeks. 我们延迟几个星期再作决定吧。| His military service
was deferred until he finished college. 他服兵役的日期被延缓
到大学毕业以后再开始。 — ~ment n[C; U]
defer to sbdy. /sthg. phr v-rr- [T] humor or fml to agree to
accept the opinion or decision of (someone), especially be-
cause of respect【幽或正式】顺从，尊重，听从：I'll be happy to
defer to your advicelto your greater experience in these mat-
ters. 我将乐于尊重您的劝告[您对这些事情的宝贵经验]。
defer·ence /`daferens; 'defarens/ n [U] fml regard for the
wishes, opinions etc, of another person, because of one's re
spect or love for them, or because of the other person's higher
position or greater power【正式】顺从，听从，遵从；敬意：We
treated her advice with due deference. 我们对她的劝告给予
应有的尊重。| They were married in church, out of/in defer-
ence to their parents' wishes. 出于顺从双方父母的意愿，他们
是在教堂里结婚的。- -ential /d8fe`rEnfel; defe'renfal√ adj
--entially adv
de. fi. ance /di`faiens; di'faiens/ n [U] defiant behaviour or a
defiant manner; open disobedience(公然)违抗，挑衅的态度；蔑
视：She acted in defiance of my orders/of the law. 她的行动公
然违抗我的命令[法律]。| He slammed the door in a spirit of
defiance. 他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上
de·fi·ant/di`faient; di'faient/ adj openly and fearlessly refusing
to obey, especially in a way that shows no respect 公然违抗
的，不顺从的；蔑视的；挑衅的；目中无人的；a defiant child/atti-
tude 不顺从的孩子 [态度] | With a last defiant gesture, they
sang a revolutionary song as they were led away to prison
他们被带走投入监狱时，仍以最后的反抗姿态唱起了一支革命歌
曲。 — ~ly adv
de. fi-cien. cy /dr`fifensi; di'fifansi/n [C; U] (a case of) the qual-
ity of being deficient; lack 缺乏，不足，短缺：vitamin deficiency
维生素缺乏症 | The deficiencies in the system soon became
obvious. 这种制度的缺陷不久就变得很明显
deficiency dis. ease /'···/n [C; U] (a) disease caused by a
lack of one or more food substances necessary for health 营养
失调病，维生素缺乏症
de. fi. cient /di`fifent; di'fifant/ adj [(in)] having none or not
enough (of); lacking (in); INADEQUATE 缺乏的，不足的：food
deficient in iron 缺乏铁质的食物| a deficient supply of water
水的供应不足| deficient in skill 技术欠缺 — ~ly adv
def. i. cit/`defesit; 'defost/ n the amount by which something is
less than what is needed, especially the amount by which money
that goes out is more than money that comes in 〔尤指金钱的)
短缺额；亏损额，赤字：The directors have reported a deficit of
f2. 5 million. 董事们报告赤字为250万英镑。
de. file1/di`fail; di'fail/ v [T] fml to destroy the pureness of
【正式】弄脏，污损：The animals defiled the water. 动物把水弄
脏了。| disgusting video films that defile the minds of the
young 污染青少年思想的令人作呕的录像片 - -filer n — ~ment
n[U]
de. file2/difail; 'di:fail/ n a narrow passage, especially through
mountains〔尤指山间的)小路，隘路，峡道
de. fine/di`fain; di'fain/ v [T] 1 to give the meaning of (a word
or idea); describe exactly 给〔词或概念)下定义：Some words
are hard to define because they have many different uses. 有
些词难以下定义，因为它们有许多不同的用法。2 to explain the
exact qualities, limits, duties etc, of 规定，限定；明确：The pow-
ers of the President are defined in the constitution. 总统的权
力在宪法中有明确规定。| This book attempts to define the
position of the national government in local affairs. 这本书
试图阐明国民政府在地方事务中的地位。3 to show the edge or
shape of 标明·的界线 [轮廓]：I saw a clearly defined shape
outside the window. 我看到窗外有个轮廓分明的东西。4 [(as)]
to show the nature of; CHARACTERIZE 显示··的特征[特性；特
质]：What defines us as human?我们作为人的特征是什么？
def. i. nite /`defenit; 'defint/ adj clearly known, seen, or stated:
without any uncertainty 明确的，确实的，一定的：So you're c
com
ing on Tuesday, after all; that's definite now, is it?那么你结
果还是星期二来；现在确定了，是不是？| Adding the cushions
0451
has made a definite improvement to the room, 加上垫子绝对
为房间生色不少。| We must set definite standards for our
students. 我们必须为学生订立明确的标准。| He was very defi-
nite about it. 他对此事的态度非常明确。 — see also 另见 DEFI
NITELY; INDEFINITE
definite ar·ti. cle /，· '·/ n 1 (in English) the word ‘the'〔英语
中的)定冠词〔即 the〕2 (in other languages) a word used like
the'(其他语言的)定冠词 — compare 比较 INDEFINITE ARTICLE:
see also 另见 ARTICLE' (4)； see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE
Articles
def·i·nite. ly /defenitli; 'defintli/ adv 1 without doubt; clearly
无疑地，确实地，一定：That was definitely the best play I've
seen all year. 那确实是我全年看过的最好的一出戏。| She is
definitelv coming/definitelv not comins, 她一定会来| 不会来]。|
\"Is she coming?”\"Definitely!” “她来吗？” “一定来！”|“Do
you smoke?”\"Definitely not!\"“你吸烟吗？” “当然不！”2 in a
definite way 明确地，确切地，明白地：He explained his inten
tions very definitely. 他非常明确地说明了他的意图。— see 参
见 CERTAINLY (USAGE)
def·i·ni·tion /d8fe`nifen; def'nifan/ n 1 [C] an exact state
ment of the meaning, nature, or limits of something, especially
of a word or phrase 定义，界说；〔尤指词或短语的〕释义：the defi
nitions in a dictionary 字典里的释义 | An English person is
British by definition. (=it is part of the meaning of being
English')“English”的其中一个释义为英国人。2[U] clearness
of shape, colour, or sound〔轮廓、颜色、声音的〕清晰度，鲜明度
This photograph lacks definition. 这张照片不够清晰，
de·fin. i. tive /di`finetiv; di'fin3tiv/ adj 1 providing a last deci-
sion that cannot be questioned or changed; CONCLUSIVE 决定
性的，无可置疑的，不可更改的，最后的；a definitive decision by
the Supreme Court 最高法院作出的最后判决 2 that cannot be
improved as a treatment of a particular subject 已成定局的，定
形的，最完整可靠的：She's written the definitive life of Lord
Byron, 她写了最完整可靠的拜伦传记。 — compare 比较 AU
THORITATIVE — ~ly adv
de-flate /di`flet; di:'fleit/v1 [I; T] to (cause to) become smaller
by losing air or gas(使)放气，（使）漏气；（使）·瘪下去：to de
flate a balloon 把气球的气放掉 2 [T] to take away the pride or
self-confidence of (someone), especially suddenly 挫伤〔某人
的)锐气，使·泄气：One sharp remark is enough to deflate him, 
一句尖锐的评论就足以挫伤他的锐气。3[I; T] to reduce the sup
ply of money (of) or lower the level of prices(of); a word used
in economics or financial planning 紧缩〔通货)：降低〔价格)
〔用于经济、财政规划中)：to deflate the national economy 压
缩国民经济
de·fla-tion /di`flefen; di:'fleifan/ n [U] 1 the act of deflating
or process of being deflated 抽气，放气，泄气；收缩 2 (in ECO
NOMICS) a decrease in the amount of money being used in a
country, especially as a result of government decisions, lead-
ing to less demand for goods, less industrial activity, and usu
ally intended to or likely to cause lower prices〔经济学中)通货
紧缩 — compare 比较 INFLATION, REFLATION
de·fla·tion·a·ry /di`flefen, eri; , di:'fleifenari/ also 又作 disin
flationary -adj (in ECONOMICS) producing deflation of money
or prices （经济学中）通货紧缩的；物价降低的； deflationary poli-
cies/wage settlements 通货紧缩的政策：缩减工资的解决措施
deflect /di`flekt; di'flekt/ v [I; T (from)] to (cause to) turn from
a straight course or fixed direction, especially after hitting
something(使)偏斜，（使）偏离，（使）转向〔尤指在击中某物后)
The bullet deflected when it hit the tree. 子弹击中树后便转向
了。| One of their forwards deflected the ball into the goal
他们（队）的一个前锋改变了球的方向，把它弄进球门。|(fig. 喻
to deflect someone from their purpose 使某人偏离其目的
(fig. 喻) a politician trying to deflect criticism by changing
the subject 一个改换话题试图转移批评的政客
de·flec·tion /di`flekfen; di'flekfan/ n [C; U] 1 a turning aside
turning off course 转向，偏斜，偏离； the deflection of the bul
let by the tree 树使子弹转向 2 (the amount of) a movement
away from 0 by the pointer, needle etc, of a measuring instru-
ment〔计量仪器的)偏转（度），偏差：a deflection of 30°30度的
偏差
de·flow·er /di`flau; di:'flaue/y [T] especially lit to have sex
with (a woman who has not had sex before)【尤文】摧花，夺去
〔处女的〕贞操
De. foe /di`fo; di'feu/, Daniel (1660-1731) a British writer
whose best known works are the novels ROBINSON CRUSOE. 
and Moll FLANDERS 笛福〔(1660-1731)，英国作家，最出名的小
说是《鲁滨逊漂流记》和《摩尔·弗兰德斯》
de·fog /di`fag; di:'fpg/ v-gg- AmE for【美】= DEMIST
de·fo·li·ant /di`folient; di:'feulient/ n [C; U] (a) chemical sub-
stance used on plants to make their leaves drop off early 脱叶
剂
de·fo. li·ate /di`foli et; di:'feulieit/ v [T] to use defoliant on 使
落叶 - -ation /-foli`efen; -feuli'eifan/ n [U]
de-for. est /di`forist; di:'forst/v[T] to clear (an area) of forest
or trees 砍伐··森林[树林]； More and more of the country is
being deforested. 在乡村，越来越多树林正在遭到砍伐
de·for·es·ta·tion /di fori`stefen; di: for'steifan/ n [U] the ac-
tion of clearing an area of forest or trees 砍伐森林 [树林]：The
deforestation of South America is of worldwide concern. 砍
伐南美洲的森林引起了全世界关注。
de·form /di`form; di'fo:m/ v [T] to change the usual shape of
(something), especially so as to spoil its appearance or useful-
ness 使变形，使成畸形；毁坏··的外貌：a face deformed by dis
easelanger 因疾病 [愤怒] 而变了形的脸孔 | He was born with
a severely deformed foot. 他生下来就有一只严重畸形的脚。
Heat deforms plastics. 高温使塑料变形
de·for·ma·tion /. difor`mefen; , di:fo:'meifan/ n 1 [U] the ac-
tion of deforming or process of being deformed 变形，走样：
the deformation of a solid object by pressure 因加压而使固体
物件变形2[C; U](a) change of shape, especially for the worse
变丑，畸形
de·for·mi. ty /di`formeti; di'fo:mti/ n [C; U] (an) imperfection
of the body, especially one that can be seen〔身体的〕缺陷，畸
形，残疾：Lack of essential minerals can cause deformity in
unborn children. 缺乏必要的矿物质会使胎儿畸形。
de-fraud /di`frod; di'fro:d/ v [T (of)] to deceive so as to get or
keep something wrongly and usually not legally 诈取，骗取
She defrauded her employers of thousands of dollars. 她诈取
了她雇主的一大笔钱，
de-fray /di`fre; di'frei/ y [T] fml to provide for the payment of:
pay【正式】支付，付给：The company will defray the cost of the
triplall your expenses. 公司将支付旅费[你的全部费用]。
de·frock /di`frak; di:'frok/ also 又作 unfrock - v [T] to re
move (a priest) from his position as a punishment for behaviour
or beliefs that are disapproved of 解除[剥夺、免去]〔牧师或神
父〕的圣职
de-frost /di`frost; , di:'frost/ v 1 [I; T] to remove ice from; un
freeze 给··化霜，使解冻，使溶冰：to defrost a refrigerator 给
冰箱除霜| Don't let the meat defrost too quickly. 不要让肉解
冻得太快。2[T] AmE for【美】=DEMIST — ~er n
deft /daft; deft/ adj effortlessly skilful; ADROIT 熟练的，灵巧的：
deft fingers 灵巧的手指 | a deft performance 熟练的表演 -
~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
de-funct /di`fankt; di'fankt/ adj fml or humor no longer living
existing, or having effect【正式或幽】已故的，不存在的：无效的
The scheme for building a new airport seems to be completely
defunct now. 建造新机场的计划现在看来整个完蛋了
de·fuse /di`fjuz; di:'fju:z/ v [T] 1 to remove the FUSE' from
(something explosive) in order to prevent an explosion拆除
〔爆炸物)的引信：to defuse a bomb 拆除炸弹的引信 2 to make
less dangerous or harmful 减少··的危险[危害]性；缓和··的不
安：to defuse a dangerous situation 缓和危险的局面
de·fy /di`fai; di'fai/ v [T] 1 to show no fear of nor respect for
openly disobey; refuse to obey 蔑视；（公然）违抗，不服从：The
child defied his parents and went to the cinema after school. 
这孩子不听父母的话，放学后跑去看电影了。| They defied their
party leader and voted against his plan. 他们蔑视他们党的领
袖，投票反对他的计划。| (fig, 喻) The acrobat seemed to defy
the law of gravity. 这个杂技演员似乎违背了万有引力定律。2
[+obj+to-v] to ask (someone), very strongly, to do something
considered impossible 激〔某人〕（做某事），向··挑战：I defy you
to produce any evidence that supports your claim, 我倒要看
看你能否提出任何证据来支持你的要求。3 to make impossible
or unsuccessful 使不可能，使落空：The untidiness of the room
defies description. 这房间凌乱得简直无法形容。| The disease
has so far defied all attempts to find a cure. 这种疾病到目前
为止怎么治也治不好。
De. gas /de`ga; 'deiga:/, Ed. gar /`dge; 'edge/ (1834-1917) a
French IMPRESSIONIST painter, known especially for his pic-
tures of horse racing, theatres, CAFEs, and women dancing 德
加〔(1834-1917)，法国印象派画家，尤以描绘赛马会、剧院、咖啡
馆和舞女的作品闻名〕
de Gaulle /de`gol; de 'geul/, General Charles (1890-1970
the President of France between 1959 and 1969. De Gaulle
was a French general and politician who was well-known for
his determination to free his country from Nazi rule during
World War IL. 戴高乐〔(1890-1970)，1959年至1969年间的
法国总统。他曾是将军和政治家，以第二次世界大战期间为使法国
摆脱纳粹统治而作出不懈的努力而闻名〕
0452
de. gen. e. rate1/di`d3nerit; di'd3enart/ adj having become
worse in character, quality etc, in comparison with a former
state 衰退的，退化的，没落的，颓废的：a degenerate species 退
化的物种 | the last degenerate member of a noble family -
个贵族家庭的最后一位没落成员 - -racy n[U]
degenerate2n a degenerate person, especially one whose sexual
behaviour is regarded as unacceptable 腐化堕落的人
de·gen·e·rate3 /di`d3ne ret; di'd3enereit/ v [I (into)]1 to pass
from a higher to a lower type or condition 退步，退化，蜕化：
The wide paved road degenerated into a narrow bumpy track. 
铺设好的宽阔道路渐渐变窄，成了一条崎岖不平的小径。| The ar-
gument soon degenerated into a brawl. 这场辩论很快就蜕变
为一场对骂战。2 to sink into a low state of mind or morals堕
落--ration /di, d3ne`refen; di, d3ene'reifen/ n [U]: the de-
generation of moral standardslof a bodily organ 道德标准的
堕落：身体器官的退化- -rative /di`d3ne retiy; di'd3enaretiv/
adj: a degenerative disease of the heart心脏衰退症
de. grade /di`gred; di'greid/ v1 [T] to cause to lose self-respect
or the good opinion of other people; DEBASE降低·的人格；贬
低；使受屈辱：It was very degrading to be punished in front of
the whole class. 在全班同学面前受罚是非常丢脸的。Dont
degrade yourself by answering him. 不要自贬身份去答理他。
2 [I; T] tech to (cause to) change from a higher to a lower kind
of living matter, or from a compound chemical to a simpler
one【术语】（使）退化；（使）〔化合物〕降解，递降分解 — see also
另见BIODEGRADABLE--gradation /，dgre`defen; , degre
'deifan/ n [C; U]
measure, especially of temperature or angles【术语】〔温度、角
度的)度，度数：Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32 ℉)
or 0 degrees Celsius (0℃). 水在华氏32度 (32°F)或摄氏0度
(0℃)结冰。| an angle of 90 degrees (90 °)一个 90度的（直）
角| The city lies at a latitude of 30 degrees North (30 N). 这
个城市位于北纬30度(30°N)。2 [C; U] a point o an n ima-
nary line used for measuring or comparing qualities, feelings
abilities etc 程度，等级：The children have different degrees
of ability. 孩子的能力高低各不相同。| To what degree can
they be trustec?对他们能信任到什么程度?| They can be
trusted to somela certain degree. 对他们能信任到某种[一定
的] 程度。| They cannot be trusted in the slightest degree. 对
他们一点也不能相信。| The minister expressed a degree of(=a
certain amount of) optimism about the state of the economy
部长对经济状况表示相当程度的乐观。| She is getting better
by degrees, but it will be some time before she is completely
well. 她已逐渐好起来了，但还要过一些时候才能够完全康复。3
[C(in)] a title given by a university or certain colleges to a
student who has completed a course of study successfully〔大
学的)学位：To do the job, you must have a degree in chemis-
try/a chemistry degree. 从事这个工作必须具有化学专业的大学
学位。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Bachelor's degrees When
students successfully complete their university courses in
the US and UK, they earn a BACHELOR'S DEGREE. Ther
are two main types of bachelor's degree: a BA for ARTS
subjects such as languages or history, and a B. S. (in the
US) or BSC (in the UK) for science subjects such as mathe. 
matics and chemistry. In the US a student can study for
two years in a JUNIOR COLLEGE instead of a university and
earn an A. A. (=Associate in Arts). This degree, however, is
not as high as a bachelor's degree. Students GRADUATE
with different levels of degrees, according to how well they
have done in their course work and examinations. In the
US. students who earn special honours will graduate'cum
laude'. The highest honour is 'summa cum laude', and the
next highest honour is 'magna cum laude'. In the UK, stu
dents with the highest grades are given a'first'. The next
level, a second class degree, is divided into two types: a
'two-one'which is higher, and a 'two-two' which is lower. 
The lowest degree in a UK university is a'third'. 学士
位：在美国和英国，学生顺利修完大学课程可获得学士学位
学士学位分两种：主修语言或历史等文科科目的BA(文学士)
和主修数学、化学等理科科目的理学士，美国称B. S. , 英国称
BSC。在美国，学生可以不在大学而在专科学校学习两年并获
得副文学士学位。然而, 该学位不如学士学位。根据论文和考
试成绩，学生在毕业时分为不同的学位等级。在美国、获特别
荣誉的学生将以优等成绩毕业。最高荣誉为“summa cum
laude(最优异的学业成绩)”，其次是“magna cum laude(优
等成绩)”。在英国，成绩最优秀的学生被授予“first(一级)”
称号。第二等级分成两种：较高一等的是“two-one(二级一
等)”；较低一等的是“two-two(二级二等)”。英国大学生的
最低等级为“third(三级)”。
Higher degrees. Students who want to continue studying
after they graduate from university can get a higher degree
such as MASTER'S DEGREE or a PHD. There are two main
types of master's degree: an MA for arts subjects and an
M. S. (in the US) or MSC (in the UK) for science subjects. 
In Scotland students usually spend one more year study-
ing for their degrees than students in the rest of the UK, so
they typically get a master's degree instead of a bachelor's
degree when they graduate. 更高等级的学位：大学毕业后想
要继续学习的学生可以获得更高等级的学位，如硕士学位和博
士学位。硕士学位分为两种：主修文科的文学硕士(MA)和主
修理科的理学硕士（在美国称M. S. , 在英国称MSC)。苏格兰
学生通常比英国其他地方的学生多花一年时间来读学位，因此
毕业时一般取得硕士学位而不是学士学位。— see Feature on
page B9参见B9页文化特写
4 [U] old use a rank in society【旧】社会地位：a lady of high
degree 一位社会地位很高的女士 5 to a degree: a partly; not
very much 有点，稍微，多少有些：I think that's true to a degree, 
but the situation is not quite so simple. 我觉得那还是有几分正
确性的，但情况并不那么简单。b very much indeed 极其，非常：
She's untidy to a degree - her papers are all over the floor!
她这人极不整洁—文件扔得满地都是！ — see also 另见 SEC-
OND DEGREE, THIRD DEGREE
de Hav. il-land /de `haevilend; de 'haevlend/, O. liv. i. a /e`livie
e'livie/ (1916-)an American actress, born in Tokyo, Japan. 
and known for her beauty, who made a lot of films and won
two important prizes 德哈维兰〔(1916- )，美国电影女演员，出
生在日本东京，以美貌著称，曾演出过大量影片并赢得两项大奖〕
de·hu·man·ize also 又作-ise BrE【英】/di`hjume, naiz; di:'hju:-
menaiz/ y [T] to remove the human qualities from 使失去人性：
The prisoners had been dehumanized by disease and ill
treatment. 这些囚犯被疾病和恶劣的待遇折磨得失去了人性。
\\
-ization /dihjumenai`zefen; di:hju:menai'zeifan/n [U]
de-hy-drate /di`haidret; di:hai'dreit/ v1 [T] to dry completely:
remove all the water from 使脱水，使干燥：to dehydrate milk
to make milk powder 把牛奶脱水制成奶粉 | dehydrated vege. 
tables 脱水蔬菜 2 [I] to lose water from the body 〔人体的〕脱
水，失水：People can very quickly dehydrate in the desert. 人
在沙漠里很快就会脱水。- -dration /，dihai`drefen; , di:hai-
'dreifan/ n [U]
de-ice /di`ais; , di:'ais/ v [T] to make free of ice; remove ice
from 防止·结冰，除去·上的冰
de. i. fy /`die fai; 'di:fai/v [T] to make a god of; treat as an ob-
ject of worship 把··奉为神明；把·神化；崇拜：In some ancient
societies kings were deified. 在某些古代社会里帝王被奉为神。
(fig. 喻) to deify money 崇拜金钱--fication /diefe`kefen; 
di:f'keifan/n [U]
Deigh-ton /detn; 'deitn/, Len /lan; len/ (1929-)a British writer
of THRILLERS (=novels that tell exciting stories about crimes
and murders). His books include The Ipcress File, and Fu-
neral in berlin, and several have been made into film. 戴顿
〔(1929-)，英国惊险小说作家，他的作品包括《伊普克雷斯档案》
和《柏林的葬礼》，有几部已被改编成电影〕
deign /den; dein/ v [T+to-v; obj; usually in negatives 一般用
于否定句] often derog to think that something is worthy of one's
attention【常贬】俯就，屈尊：The students sent their suggestions
to the principal but he didn't even deign to reply. 学生把他们
的建议交给校长，但他甚至不屑给以答复
de·is. m /`diizem; 'di:izam/ n [U] the belief in a God whose ex-
istence can be proved by looking at the world he made rather
than by considering some message he personally gave to hu-
mans自然神论〔相信神，并通过其所创造的世间证实其存在，而不
是透过其所给人的启示) — compare 比较 THEISM - -ist n
de·i·ty /`dieti; 'di:ti/ n a god or goddess 神；女神：the deities of
ancient Greece 古希腊诸神
Deity, the n fml God【正式】上帝，造物主
dé jà vu /de3a `vju; der3a: 'vju:/n [U] Fr the feeling of re-
membering something that in fact one is experiencing for the
first time【法】记忆幻觉，似曾经历的错觉：As she stepped into
the room she had a strong feeling/sense of déjà vu. 她走进房
间时有一种强烈的似曾相识的感觉
de. jec. ted /di`d38ktid; di'd3ektd/ adj having or showing low
spirits; seeming sad or disappointed 沮丧的，忧郁的，失望的
a dejected look/person 沮丧的表情 [人] — ~ly ady - -tion
/-`d38kfen; -'d3ekfen/ n [U]
0453
de ju. re /di `d3ur; di: 'd3uari/ adj, adv Lat by legal right, though
not necessarily in fact【拉丁】法律上的[地]，合法的[地]； the do
jure ruler 合法的统治者 — compare 比较 DE FACTO_
dek-ko /`dako; 'dekeu/ n have a dekko (at) BrE slang to have
a look (at)【英俚】看（一眼），一瞥
De Klerk /de `kl3k; de 'kl3:k/, F. W. (1936-) the President of
South Africa from 1989 to 1994. He made many political
changes and finally ended the system of APARTHEID. In 1990
he allowed the ANC to become a legal organization again, and
et Nelson MANDELA out of prison. He and Mandela won the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. 德克勒克〔(1936-)，1989年至1994
年间的南非总统，曾实行许多政治变革，最终结束了种族隔离制
度。1990年，他同意国大党再次成为合法组织并释放了纳尔逊·曼
德拉。1993年，他与曼德拉一起获得诺贝尔和平奖
de Koo. ning /de `kunin; de 'ku:nin/, Wil. lem /wilem; 'wilem/
(1904-)a Dutch-born American painter of ABSTRACTs2德库
宁〔(1904-)，出生于荷兰的美国抽象派画家〕
De La Mare /de la`mer; de la: 'mee/. Wal. ter /wolte; 'wo:lte/
(1873-1956) a British writer known especially for his poems
for children 德拉马尔〔(1873-1956)，英国作家，尤以儿童诗歌
闻名〕
Del·a·ware /`dalewer; 'delewee'/ written abbrev. 缩写为 DE a
small state in the northeastern US. It was one of the original
thirteen states established under British rule, 特拉华州〔位于美
国东北部一小州，为最初的13个英属殖民地之一〕— see colour
map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
*de·lay1/di`le; di'lei/ v 1 [T] to move to a later time; DEFER推
迟，使延期：We decided to delay our holiday until next month
我们决定把休假推迟到下个月。| The long-delayed meeting at
last took place on Monday. 拖延已久的会议终于在本星期一举
行了。| [+v-ing] They delayed publishing the report until
after the election. 他们把报告延迟到选举后才发表。2 [T] to
cause to be late 耽误，耽搁：Our plane was delayed by fog. 我
们的飞机因有大雾而误点了。3 [I] to move or take action slowly, 
especially on purpose 〔尤指故意)拖延：They're trying to de. 
lay until help arrives. 他们正设法拖延到救援的人到来。] Don't
delay: send off your application today! 不要再拖延了，今天就
把你的申请表寄出去！
*delay2n 1 [U] the act of delaying or the state of being delayed
延误，耽搁：Do it without delay! 立刻去做，不得延误！| Incom-
ig flights will be subject to delay because of the fog. 进港的
班机因受大雾影响可能误点。| After much delay, the results
of the exam were published. 考试结果拖了好久终于公布了。2 [C]
an example of being delayed 阻塞：Heavy traffic is causing
serious delays on all routes to the coast. 交通流量过大造成通
往海滨的各条道路交通严重阻塞。3[C] the time during which
something or someone is delayed 耽误的时间：Delays of up to
two hours were reported on all roads this morning, 据悉，今
天早晨所有道路都阻塞了近两个小时。
Del Boy /`dal boi; 'del boi/ the NICKNAME of Derek Trotter
one of the main characters in the humorous British television
programme ONLY FOOLS AND HORSES. Del Boy buys and sells
things but he is never very successful. He is not completely
honest, but is likeable in spite of this. 德尔老兄〔英国电视喜剧
《全是傻瓜和笨蛋》的主人公之一德里克·特罗特的诨名，他是做买
卖的，但从来就没有成功过，尽管有点狡诈但不乏可爱
de·lec·ta. ble /di`laktebl; di'lektebal/ adj very pleasing; delight. 
ful 宜人的，令人愉快的：What delectable food you cook! 你做
的饭菜真可口！- -bly adv
de·lec·ta·tion /dilk`tefen; , di:lek'teifan/ n [U] fml or humo
enjoyment, pleasure, or amusement【正式或幽】享受，愉快，娱
乐
del. e. gate1/`dale, get; 'delgt/ n a person who has been elected
or appointed to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group, such
as a representative at a meeting 代表；使节；特派员：She was
our delegate at the party conference. 她是我们出席党大会的
代表。
del·e·gate2 /`dale get; 'delgeit/ν1 [I; T (to)] to give (part of
one's power, rights etc) to someone else for a certain time授
权，委托权限：Part of the art of management is knowing when
to delegate. 管理的艺术之一就是知道该在什么时候委托权限。|
I have delegated my command to Captain Roberts, 我已把指
挥权委托给罗伯茨上尉。2 [T] to appoint as a representative or
to do a particular job 委派··为代表，委任；指派（某人）去做
[+obj+to-v] I've been delegated to organize the weekly
meetings. 我受委派组织每星期的会议
del·e·ga·tion /dle`gefen; del'geifan/ n 1 [U] the act of
delegating or the state of being delegated 委托；〔代表的)委派
2 [C+sing. /pl. v] a group of delegates 代表团：The French del-
egation islare just arriving at the conference. 法国代表团就
要抵达大会会场
de·lete /dr`lit; di'li:t/ v [T (from)] to take, rub, or cut out
(especially written words)删去〔尤指文字)；擦掉：Delete his
name from the list of members. 把他的名字从成员名单上删去，
del·e·ter. i. ous /dele`tiries; , del'tieries / adj fml harmful to
the mind or body; INJURIOUS【正式】〔对身心〕有害的； the del-
eterious effects of being exposed to radiation 受到辐射所产生
的有害后果 — ~ly adv
de·le·tion /di`lifen; di'li:fan/ n 1 [U] the act of deleting or the
state of being deleted 删除 2 [C] a word, letter etc that has
been deleted 删除部分
Del. hi /`deli; 'deli/ a large city in N India, divided into NEW
DELHI(the capital of India since 1911) and Old Delhi, which
was the capital until 1857 德里〔位于印度北部一大城市，分为
新德里（自1911年起为印度的首都）和旧德里(1857年前的首都
两部分〕
delj /`deli; 'deli/ infml【非正式】abbrev, for 缩写= DELICATES. 
SEN
de. lib. e. rate1/di`liberit; di'libart/ adj1 (especially of some
thing bad) done on purpose or as a result of careful planning; 
intentional 〔尤指坏事〕故意的；深思熟虑的，盘算周到的：The car
crash wasn't an accident; it was a deliberate attempt to kill
him!这次撞车并不是什么意外事故，而是有人蓄意要谋害他！
a deliberate insult 有意的冒犯 2 (of speech, thought, or move
ment) slow; unhurried〔言语、思想、行动等〕不慌不忙的、从容不
迫的：The old man stood up in a very deliberate way and lefi
the room. 这位老人不慌不忙地站起来，然后离开房间。 — ~ly
adv: She deliberately ignored me when I passed her in the
street. 我在街上从她身边走过时，她故意不理睬我。 — ~ness n
[U]
de·lib·e·rate2 /di`libe ret; di'libereit/ v [I (on, upon, about); T
fml to consider carefully, often in formal meetings with other
people【正式】仔细考虑：商议，讨论：The cabinet are still de-
liberating(the question). 内阁成员还在继续商讨（这个问题）。
[+wh-] The committee deliberated whether to approve our
proposal. 委员会讨论是否批准我们的建议。
de·lib·e·ra·tion /di, libe`refen; di, libe'reifan/ n fml【正式】1 [C
often pl. 常用复数； U] careful consideration; thorough exami-
nation of a matter 深思熟虑；审议，研究：After much delibera-
tion, we found that nothing could be done. 经反复研究，我们
发现无计可施。| Our deliberations failed to produce a deci-
sion, 我们经过一番商议后仍未能作出决定。2 [U] the quality of
being slow and unhurried in speech, thought, or movement(言
语、思想、行动等的〕沉着，从容，缓慢
de. lib. e·ra. tive /di`libe retiv; di'libaretiv/ adj for the purpose
of deliberating 慎重的；商议的；审议的：Parliament is a delib-
erative assembly. 议会是一个审议的机构
del. i. ca. cy /`dalekesi; 'delikesi/ n 1 [U] the quality of being
delicate 精致；细致；精美；娇嫩 2 [C] something good to eat
that is considered rare or expensive 精美的食物：Cayiar is a
great delicacy. 鱼子酱是非常名贵的美味食品
*del. i. cate /daleket; 'delikt/ adj 1 needing careful handling, 
especially because easily broken or damaged; FRAGILE 脆的，
易碎的；易受损的：Be careful with those wine glasses -- they' re
very delicate. 当心那些玻璃酒具—— 它们很容易破碎。2 easily
made ill 易生病的，娇弱的：a very delicate child 一个非常娇弱
的孩子 3 finely made in a way that shows great skill 精巧的. 
精美的：a delicate piece of workmanship 一件精巧的手工艺品
4 needing careful or sensitive treatment in order to avoid fail-
ure or trouble 需要小心处理的；微妙的：a delicate situation
subject 微妙的处境 [问题] | The negotiations are at a very
delicate stage, 谈判处于非常微妙的阶段。 5 (of a tast, smell
etc)pleasing but not strong and perhaps not easy to recognize
美味的，清淡的：a delicate flavour/smell 鲜味；幽香 6 quick to
show or feel the effect or presence of something; sensitive敏
感的，灵敏的：a delicate instrument that can record even very
slight changes in the temperature 能把极其细微的温度变化记
录下来的精密仪器 — see also 另见 INDELICATE — ~ly adv
del. i. cates /delikits; 'delikts/ n [P] clothes which are made
from delicate materials and must be washed gently〔易损织物
制成的〕必须轻柔洗涤的服装
del·i·ca·tes. sen /，daleke`tsn; , delike'tesen/ n a shop that sells
unusual and often expensive foods, especially foods that are
cooked and ready to eat. In the US, many delicatessens also
sell sandwiches (SANDWICH') and some have tables at which
to eat. Many delicatessens also sell only KOSHER food. (尤指出
售精美食品的〕熟食店〔在美国，许多熟食店也出售三明治，有些还
备有桌子以供就餐使用，还有不少店仅出售符合犹太教规的食物)：
I bought some salami from the delicatessen. 我在熟食店买了
些意大利香肠
0454
de-li-cious /dr`lifes: di'lifes/ adj 1 pleasing to the senses of taste
or smell 可口的，美味的：What a delicious apple! 这苹果真好
吃！ | a delicious smell of cooking 烹饪中飘出来的香味 | Thank
you for a delicious meal, Mrs Atkins. 谢谢您招待我们这顿美
餐，阿特金斯太太。2 giving great pleasure or amusement; de-
lightful 令人开心的，宜人的：a delicious joke 令人开心的笑话
~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
joy 欢喜，高兴，愉快：I read your new book with real delight
我非常愉快地读了你的新书。| She takes delight in (=enjoys)
teasing her sister. 她以逗弄她的妹妹为乐。2 [C] something or
someone that gives great pleasure 乐事，乐趣；讨人喜欢的人
Your new book/little dog is a real delight! 你的新书 [小狗]真
讨人喜欢！ | to savour (=enjoy) the delights of London's night
life 体会伦敦夜生活的乐趣 — see also 另见 TURKISH DELIGHT
or joy 使喜欢，使高兴，使快乐：a book that is certain to delight
本肯定令读者喜欢的书 | She delighted the audience with
her jokes about the president. 她讲了有关总统的一些笑话使观
众很开心
delight in sthg. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] to take great
pleasure in (especially something unpleasant)对··很喜欢，以··
为乐〔尤指不愉快的事)：He delights in scandal. 他对丑闻津津
乐道。| [+y-ing] They seem to delight in keeping everyone
else waiting. 他们好像以让别人都等着他们为乐。
de·light. ed /di`laitid; di'laitd/ adj [(by, with)] very pleased or
satisfiec 喜欢的, 高兴的: We were delighted by/wit the re-
sponse to our advertisement. 我们的广告收到这样的效果使我
们非常高兴。| [F+to-v] Thanks for your invitation -- I'd be
delighted to come! 感谢你的邀请 —— 我很乐意前来。| [F (that)]
We're delighted that you'll be able to come. 你能来我们很高
兴。
de·light-ful /di`laitfel; di'laitfel/ adj very pleasing 令人非常高
兴的，使人快乐的，讨人喜欢的；a delightful holiday/child/little
house令人愉快的假日; 讨人喜欢的孩子; 舒适小巧的房子 — ~ly
ady
De. li·lah /dr`laile; da'larle/ in the Old Testament of the Bible, a
woman who persuades SAMSON to trust her and tell her what
makes him so strong. When he tells her that it is his hair, she
tricks him into having his hair cut off to make him weak. 大利
拉〔《圣经·旧约》中赢得参孙信任并获知其力量之源的女性，当参
孙告诉她这力量来自他的头发时，她骗他剪去头发使其衰弱〕
de·lim·it /dr`limit: dr'limat/ y [T] fml to fix the limits of【正式】
定··的界限；界定，划定，限定：to delimit the powers of various
officials划定各级官员的权力范围 - — ~ation /dr, limi'I'te[; 
di, lim'teifan/n [U]
de·lin·e·ate /dr`lmi. et: di'linieit/ v [T] fml to show by drawing
or describing【正式】描画，刻画；画出·的轮廓；描写--ation
/di, lini`efen; di, limi'eifan/ n [U]
de·lin·quen. cy /di`linkwensi; di'linkwensi/ n 1 [U] behaviour
especially by young people, that is not in accordance with ac-
cepted social standards or with the law. Acts of delinquency
would include fighting, damaging property, stealing cars for a
short time for pleasure, and writing on walls in public places. 
不法行为：〔尤指〕少年犯罪〔不法行为包括打架、破坏财产、为一时
之乐去偷汽车，以及在公共场所的墙上乱涂乱画〕2[C]fml an
offence against the law or accepted social standards【正式】过
失，罪过
de-lin-quent' /dr`linkwent; di'linkwent/ adj1 having broken a
law, especially one which is not very serious; having a ten-
dency to break the law or to do socially unacceptable things 违
法的；有过失的；有不法行为的：delinquent youths/behaviour 违
法的青少年[行为] 2 tech (of debts, accounts etc) not having
been paid in time【术语】〔债务、账目等〕拖欠的，到期未付的
delinquent2n a person, especially a young person, who is
delinquent〔尤指青少年〕有过失的人；违法者：a juvenile
(=young)delinquent 少年罪犯
del·i·ques·cent /，dele`kwasnt; , del'kwesant/ adj fml or tech
taking up water from the air and so becoming liquid, as salt
does in wet weather【正式或术语】潮解的，因受潮而溶化的 -
-cence n [U]
de·lir·i·ous /di`liries; di'liaries/ adjin an excited dreamy state
especially caused by illness 谵妄的，精神错乱的；语无伦次的
极度亢奋的：During the fever he became delirious and said
some strange things. 他在发高烧时说起胡话来，讲了一些稀奇
古怪的东西。| delirious with joy 欣喜若狂 — ~ly adv: deliri-
ously happy 狂喜
de·lir·i·um /dr`liriem; di'liariem/ n 1 [C; U] an excited dreamy
state in serious illness 精神错乱，谵妄，发狂 2 [S] a very ex-
cited state 极度兴奋； a delirium of joy 高兴得发狂 — see also
另见DELIRIOUS
delirium tre·mens /di`liriem `trimenz; di, lieriem 'tremenz/ n
[U] fml for【正式】= DT'S
De. li·us /diles; 'di:lies/, Fred. e. rick /fredrik; 'fredarik/(1862-
1934) a British COMPOSER whose best-known works include
On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring, and the OPERA, A
village romed and Juliet戴流士〔(1862-1934), 英国作曲家, 
最出名的作品包括《春日初听布谷鸟鸣叫》和歌剧《乡村罗密欧与
朱丽叶》〕
*de. liv. er /dr`live; di'live/v1 [I; T (to)] to take (goods, letters
etc) to people's houses or places of work 递送，传送：Letters
are delivered every day. 每天都送信。| Yes, we e deliver
newspapers. 是的，我们送报纸。| Will you deliver, or do I
have to come to the shop to collect the goods?你们送货还是
我得自己到店里取货呢？ 2 [T+obj+prep] to send or aim (a blow. 
kick etc) to the intended place 朝··给予〔打击等)：把··踢向
She delivered a hard kick to his knee, 她对着他的膝盖重重地
踢了一脚。3 [T] to speak or read aloud to people listening 发
表，宣布，讲述：to deliver a lecture/a speech 讲课；发表演说
4 [T] a to help in the birth of 给··接生：The doctor delivered
her baby, 医生为她接生。 b to help in giving birth帮助(产妇)
分娩：The doctor delivered the woman (of twin boys). 医生协
助这位妇女分娩（产下一对孪生男婴）。5 [T(from)] fml to set
free; RESCUE【正式】释放，拯救，从·救出：They prayed to God
to deliver them from danger. 他们祈求上帝把他们从危险中拯
救出来。6 [I(on); T] to fulfil (a promise or hope) or produce
(something promised or hoped for)履行〔诺言)；实现〔希望〕：
Do you think the government will deliver on their electior
promises/deliver the promised tax cuts?你认为政府会履行竞
选时的诺言[减税的诺言]吗？7 [T] especially AmE to bring
(votes, influence etc) to the support of a political movement, a
person trying to get elected etc【尤美】为··拉票；为··呼吁〔支
持)：The Democrats are hoping she will deliver the black
vote. (=persuade black people to vote for them)民主党人希望
她能拉到黑人的选票。8 deliver the goods slang to DELIVER
(6)【俚】达成期望：不负所望 — see also另见 stand and de
liver (STAND1(21) — ~er n
deliver sthg. to sbdy. phr v [T (UP) often pass. 常用被动语
态] to put into (someone else's) possession 把〔某物〕交付给
〔另一人)：The town was delivered (up) to the enemy. 这城镇
已拱手交给敌人了。
de·liv·er·ance /di`liverens; di'livarens/ n [U (from)] fml the
act of saving from harm or danger, or the state of being saved
【正式】解救，拯救；被拯救：deliverance from slavery 从奴隶状
态中被拯救出来
de·liv·er·y /di`liveri; di'livari/n 1 [C; U (to)] the act of taking
or giving something to someone, or the things taken or given
传送，递送，运送；递送的东西，交付的货物：The next postal de
livery is at 2 o'clock. 下一次邮递时间是2点钟。| The com
pany has justtaken delivery of (=received) a new computer
system. 公司刚刚收到一套新的电脑设备。| a delivery van 送
货车 2 [C] the birth of a child 分娩，生产：The mother had an
easy delivery. 那位母亲分娩顺利。3 [C; U] the manner or style
of speaking in public 演说的风格； a good/fast/slow delivery
好的[快的；慢的]演说风格 4 [C] (in cricket) an act or style of
throwing a ball （板球的）投球（法） ：He was eventually bowled
by an excellent delivery from Frazer. 弗雷泽一记漂亮的投球
终于迫使他退场了。
de·liv·er·y·man /dr`liverr, maen; di'lvarimen/n -men /-men; -men/
a man who delivers goods to people who have bought or or-
dered them, usually locally 送货员
delivery note /'· / n tech a document sent with goods to
show that they have been delivered【术语】发货单，交货单
delivery room /. '. / n a room in a hospital in which women
give birth〔医院里的〕产房
dell /del; del/ n lit a small valley with grass and trees【文】〔树木
环抱的〕小山谷，幽谷
Del Mon-te /del `manter; del 'monti/ trademark a US com-
pany selling fruit and vegetables preserved in cans, whose prod-
ucts are sold in the US and the UK. The company's advertise-
ments used to include a character called ‘the man from Del
Monte', who wore a white SUIT. His job was to decide which
farms to buy fruit and vegetables from for the company. 【商
标】地扪公司〔美国罐装水果和蔬菜制造商，其产品在美国和英国
出售。过去，该公司的广告中常有一个身穿白色西装，叫做“地扪
人”的男子，其职责是为公司挑选供应水果和蔬菜的农场)
De-lors /de`lor; de'lo:/ Jacques /3ak; 3aek/ (1925-) a French
politician who was President of the EUROPEAN Commission
from 1985 to 1996. He helped to plan the MAASTRICHT Treaty. 
德洛尔〔(1925-)，法国政治家，1985年至1996年间任欧洲委员
0455
会主席，曾参与《马斯特里赫特条约》的草拟工作
de·louse /di`laus; di:'laus/ v [T] to remove LICE (pl. of LOUSE)
or similar creatures from (a person, clothes etc)除去〔身上、衣
服上等〕的虱子
Del-phic or. a. cle, the /，dalfik `arekl; delfik 'Drekel/ a TEMPLE
(=a holy building) in the town of Delphi in Greece where, in
ancient times, a priestess gave answers from the god APOLLO
to questions people asked him. His answers were often myste-
rious and difficult to understand, and were often in the form of
a RIDDLE(=a deliberately confusing question that has a clever
answer). 德尔斐神谕神殿〔位于希腊德尔斐的一所庙宇。古时，女
祭司在那里转达阿波罗神的神谕来回答问题。神谕经常很难理解
并以谜语的形式出现〕
del·phin·i·um /dal`finiem; del'finiem/ also 又作 larkspur -
an upright branching plant with usually blue flowers growing
all the way up its long stems飞燕草，翠雀属植物
del. ta /`dslte; 'delte/ n 1 the
fourth letter (A, 8) of the
Greek alphabet 希腊字母表
中第四个字母（Δ，δ）2[C] an
area of low land shaped like
a Δ where a river divides
into branches towards the
sea〔河流的〕三角洲：the Nile
Delta in Egypt 埃及的尼罗
河三角洲
Delta Force /'. ，/ a military
force which is part of the US
Army, and is specially
trained to do secret and dan-
gerous work, especially fighting TERRORISTS 德尔塔部队〔美
国的反恐怖军事组织〕 — compare 比较 NAVY SEAL, THE SAS
de. lude /dr`lud; di'lu:d/v [T (into)] to mislead the mind or judg-
ment of; deceive 误导，哄骗：You're just deluding yourself if
you think she still loves you. 如果你以为她还爱着你，那你是自
己骗自己。| He deluded everyone into following him. 他骗得
大家都追随他。 — see also 另见 DELUSION
del·uge' /`daljud3; 'delju:d3/ n a great flood or a very heavy
rain （大）洪水；大雨，暴雨：(fig. 喻) a deluge of questions 层出
不穷的问题
deluge2y [T] 1 fml to cover with a great flood of water【正式】
使泛滥；淹没 2 [(with) usually pass. 一般用被动语态] to cover
or fill with a great flood of things; INUNDATE 被洪水般涌来的
事情所淹没；穷于应付：The minister was completely deluged
with questions/insults. 部长穷于应付像洪水般涌来的问题[辱骂]。
de. lu. sion /di`lu3en; di'lu:3an/ n 1 [U] the act of deluding o
the state of being deluded 欺骗；迷惑，受骗 2 [C] a false belief
especially if strongly held 谬见；错觉；妄想：to suffer from de
lusions of grandeur (=the belief that one is extremely
important, powerful etc)患夸大妄想症[妄自尊大症] |[+that]
He is under the delusion that he is Napoleon. 他患了妄想
症，认为自己是拿破仑。— see 参见 ILLUSION (USAGE)
de·lu·sive /dr`lusiv; di'lu:siv/ also 又作 de·lu·so·ry /-seri; -sari/
adj likely to delude; misleading 欺骗的，令人产生错觉的：a
delusive act/belief 骗人的行为；使人迷惑的信仰 — ~ly ady
de luxe, also 又作 deluxe /di `luks; d 'lvks/ adj of especially
high quality 豪华的，高级的：The car's price is very reasonable, 
of course, the de luxe model costs a lot more. 这车的价格非常
合理：当然，豪华型的要贵得多
delve /dlv; delv/ ν[I] 1 [(into)] to search deeply 深入探究，钻
研，查考：He delved into the family archives looking for the
facts. 他深入查考这个家族的家谱以寻找事实根据。2 poet or old
use to dig【诗或旧】挖掘
Dem /dem; dem/ especially AmE【尤美】abbrev. for 缩写=
DEMOCRAT or DEMOCRATIC
de·mag·ne·tize, also 又作-tise BrE【英】/di`megne, taiz; 
di:'maegnetaiz/ v[T] 1 to take away the MAGNETIC qualities of 除
去··上的磁，使去磁[退磁] 2 tech to remove sounds from (a
MAGNETIC TAPE)【术语】消[洗]去〔录音磁带〕的声音 --tization
, dimaegnete`zefen; di:maegnetai'zeifan/ n [U]
dem·a·gogue, also 又作-gog AmE【美】/`dame, gog; 'demegog
n derog a leader who tries to gain, or has gained, power by
exciting people's feelings rather than by reasoned argument
【贬】煽动者，蛊惑人心的政客--gogic/dme`gad3ik; deme·
gogik/ adj - -gogically /-kli; -kli/ adv - -goguery /`dme
gageri; 'demegogeri/ n [U]
demanding; claim 要求，请求：The management has refused
to agree to our demand for a 6% pay rise. 资方拒绝同意我们
提出的增加工资6%的要求。| This work makes great demands
on my time. (=takes up a lot of my time)这个工作要花我许多
时间。| Do you think they will give in to the terrorists
demands?你认为他们会对恐怖分子的要求让步吗？— see 参见
REQUEST2(USAGE) 2 [S; U (for)] the desire of people for
particular goods or services; the ability and willingness of
people to pay for them 需要，需求；销路：There's not much
demand for houses of this sort. 对这种类型房屋的需求不大。|
These developments have created a great demand for home
computers. 这些发展促使家用电脑的需求量增大。| Her books
are in great demand at the moment. 她的书目前销路很好。-
see also另见 SUPPLY AND DEMAND
demand2v [T] 1 to ask for firmly and not be willing to accept
a refusal; claim as if by right 要求，强求：I demand an apol
ogy/an explanation!我要求（向我）道歉[解释]！|[+to-v]She
demanded to speak to the manager. 她要求跟经理谈话。
[+that] The opposition have demanded that all the facts
(should) be made public. 反对派要求把所有的事实都公之于世
delta 三角洲
2 to need urgently 急需：This work demands your immediate
attention. 这件工作急需你立即处理。3 [(of)] to need (effort, 
hard work etc) in order to be successful; REOUIRE 需要，要求
(努力、勤奋等)：Work of this nature demands many persona
sacrificesldemands a great deal of those who embark on it
这种性质的工作要求个人作出许多牺牲[要求从事它的人作出极
大的奉献]。
de·mand·ing /dr`maendin; di'ma:ndin/ adj needing a lot of at-
tention and effort 很费心的，很费力的：A new baby and a new
job can be equally demanding. 照顾新生的婴儿和从事新的工
Cairo
作两者会同样费心费力。
开罗
demand-side /'/ adj [A] of or being an economic POLICY
that places a lot of importance on DEMAND'(2) and using things
up 需求经济政策的，重视需求面的 — compare 比较 SUPPLY
SIDE
de·mar. cate /di`market; 'di:ma:keit/ v [T] to mark the limits
of 给··划界，划定·的界线：to demarcate a frontier 划定边界
de·mar·ca·tion /dimar`kefen; di:ma:'keifan/n [U] limitation:
separation 分界，立界；界限，界线；划分；区分：a row of trees
on the line of demarcation between the two pieces of land在
两块土地的分界线上的一排树
demarcation dis. pute /. . . /n a disagreement between dif-
ferent trade unions about which jobs should be done by the
members of each union〔不同行业工会之间的〕分工争执[纠纷
de·mean /di`min; di'mi:n/ v [T] fml to cause (oneself) to lose
one's sense of personal pride【正式】贬损，贬低，降低··的身份：
Don't demean yourself by answering him. 不要降低你自己的
身份去答理他。| It was very demeaning to have to ask his
permission for everything I wanted to do. 我做什么事都非征
得他同意不可，那太有辱人格了。
de·mea·nour BrE【英】‖-nor AmE【美】/di`mine; di'mi:ne/n
fml behaviour towards others; outward manner【正式】行为，举
止，态度：She has a cheerful and friendly demeanour. 她的举
止使人感到愉快而又友好。
de·men. ted /di`mentid; di'mentd/ adj mad; of unbalanced mind
疯狂的，精神错乱的 — ~ly adv
de·men·tia /di`mnfie; di'menfe/ n [U] tech decay of the mind
especially leading to madness. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE is a well-
known cause of dementia. 【术语】痴呆〔阿尔茨海默氏病是其众
所周知的病因〕
dem·e·ra·ra sug. ar /dme, rre`fuge; deme, reare'fuge/
[U] rough brown sugar, usually from the West Indies 德麦拉拉
蔗糖〔西印度群岛产的淡棕色粗砂糖〕
de·mer·it /di`merit; di:'mert/ n fml【正式】1 a fault; bad qual-
ity 过失，缺点，短处：We discussed the merits and demerits of
her research proposal. 我们详细讨论了她提出的研究计划的优
缺点。 — compare 比较 MERIT' 2 AmE a mark against some
one for something wrong they have done, especially at school
【美】[尤指学校里的)记过：The teacher gave him three demerits
and extra homework for coming in late. 由于迟到，老师给他
记过三次，并罚他做额外的家庭作业。
de·mesne /di`men; di'mein/ n fml or law the land round a great
house; land owned by and for the use of a lord or king【正式或
律】（土地的）占有；庄园周围的土地；〔贵族、国王的〕领地
dem·i·god /dme gad: 'demigpd/ dem·i·god·dess /-des:-d3s/
fem. 【阴性】-'n (in ancient stories) someone greater than a
human but less than a god〔古代神话中的)半神半人
dem. i. john /deme, d3an; 'demid3on/ n a large narrow-necked
bottle, often with small handles, holding from about 5 to 45
litres 细颈大瓶〔通常带有小把柄，可装5至45升
de·mil·i·ta·rize, also 又作 -rise BrE【英】/di`milete, raiz; 
di:'milteraiz/ v [T] to take away the military character of
prevent (especially a border area) from being used for militar
0456
purposes 使非军事化，使解除武装：a demilitarized zone 非军
事区 --rization /dimileterai`zefen; di:milterai'zeifan/n[U]
De Mille /de`mil; de 'mil/, Ag. nes /`aegnis; 'aegns/ (1909-1993)
a US dancer and CHOREOGRAPHER who planned the dances for
several musical plays on Broadway, such as Oklahoma! and
Carousel 德米尔〔(1909-1993)，美国舞蹈家和编舞，曾为《俄克
拉何马！》、《竞技表演》等百老汇音乐剧编排舞蹈〕
DeMille, Cec. il B. /sesil bi; 'sesal bi:/ (1881-1959) a US film
PRODUCER and DIRECTOR who helped to establish the film in
dustry in Hollywood. He is famous for making EPICS (=very
expensive films about people in the BIBLE and in history, us-
ing hundreds of actors). He is thought of as a very typical ex-
ample of film director, like someone who uses a MEGAPHONE
and tells actors exactly what to do without asking for their
opinion. His films include Samson and Delilah (1949) and
The Ten Commandments (1956). 德米尔〔(1881-1959)，美国
电影制片人和导演，曾在好莱坞帮助建立电影业，以拍摄场面壮观
的史诗式影片出名。他被认为是典型的电影导演：拿着扩音喇叭
告诉演员该怎么做而不寻问对方的想法。他拍摄的影片包括《参孙
与大利拉》(1949)和《十诫》(1956)〕
de·mise /di`maiz; di'maiz/ n [U] law or euph death【律或婉】
死，逝世，崩，毙：Upon his demise the title will pass to his son. 
他逝世后，头衔会传给他的儿子。| (fig. 喻) the demise of a fa-
mous newspaper 一家著名报纸的停刊
de·mist /di`mist; , di:'mist/ BrE【英】| defog, defrost AmE
【美】-v[T] to remove steam from(the windows of a car) by
means of heat or warm air 〔用暖气〕除去（汽车玻璃）上的水气
 — ~er n
dem·o /`demo; 'demeu/ n pl. demos infml【非正式】1 addrev
for 缩写=DEMONSTRATION 2 AmE a recording sent to record
companies in order to show the skill of a new singer or music
group【美】录音样带；试唱样片：They receive dozens of demo
tapes every week. 他们每星期都收到很多录音样带
de·mob1 /di`mab; di:'mpb/v-bb- [T] BrE infml to demobilize
【英，非正式】使复员，遣散
demob2n [U] BrE infml demobilization【英，非正式】复员，遣
散
de·mo·bi·lize, also 又作 -lise BrE【英】/di`mobl, aiz
di:'meublaiz/ ν [I; T often pass. 常用被动语态] fml to send
home the members of (an armed force), usually at the end of a
war; allow to leave military service【正式】使复员，遣散 — see
also 另见 MOBILIZE (2) - -lization /di, moble`zefen; 
di, meublai'zeifan/n[U]
de·moc·ra·cy /de`makresi; di'mpkresi/ n 1 [U] government by
the people, or by elected representatives of the people. De-
mocracy was first developed in Ancient Greece. 民主；民主政
治；民主政体〔最早由古希腊建立)：The military government
promised to restore democracy within one year. 军（人）政府
答应在一年之内重新建立民主政制。 — compare 比较 ARISTOC
RACY (3)2 [C] a country governed by its people or their repre-
sentatives 民主国家 3 [U] social equality and the right to take
part in decision-making〔指社会平等、有权参与决策的〕民主精
神[作风；权利]：industrial democracy 工业民主
dem·o. crat /`deme kraet: 'demekraet/n a person who believes
in or works for democracy 民主主义者，民主人士
Democrat n a member or supporter of the Democratic Party of
the US 美国民主党党员；美国民主党的支持者 — compare 比较
REPUBLICAN
dem·o·crat·ic /deme`kraetik; deme'kraetik/adj 1 of or
favouring democracy 民主（主义）的； democratic ideals 民主
主义理想 | a democratic country 民主国家 2 believing in or
practising the principle of equality 崇尚或实施平等原则的，主
张民主的：The company is run on democratic lines, and all
the staff are involved in making decisions. 公司推行民主管理
的方法，所有职工都参与决策。 — opposite 反义词 undemo-
cratic — ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv: the democratically-elected
government 以民主方式选出的政府
Democratic adj connected with or belonging to the US Demo-
cratic Party 美国民主党的：a Democratic Congressman from
Oregon 俄勒冈州的民主党国会议员
Democratic Par. ty, the /. . ，. / one of the two main political
parties of the US, also known as the Democrats. The Demo-
cratic Party's policies (POLICY) are more LIBERAL1(2) than
those of the Republican Party. 美国民主党〔美国两大政党之一，
又称 the Democrats, 其政策要比共和党的更加开明) — compare 
比较 REPUBLICAN PARTY
de·moc·ra·tize, also 又作 -tise BrE【英】/de`makre, taiz:
di'mpkretaiz/ v [T] to make democratic or more democratic 使
民主化：to democratize the union's decision-making processes
使工会的决策程序民主化--tization /de, makrete`zefen; 
di. mpkretai'zeifan/n[U]
de·mo·de /demo`de; dei'meudei/ adjno longer in fashion 已不
时兴的，过时的：démodé clothes/ideas已不时兴的服装；已过时
的思想
de·mog. ra·phy /di'magrefi; di'mogrefi/ n [U] the statistical
(STATISTICS) study of human population 人口统计学 - -pher
n - -phic /dime`graefik; deme'graefik/ adj: changing de-
mographic trends变化中的人口统计趋势
de-mol. ish /di`malif; di'molif/ v [T] 1 to destroy (especially a
large structure); pull or tear down 摧毁：推翻：拆毁〔尤指大建
筑物)：They're going to demolish that old factory. 他们准备
拆毁那家旧工厂。|(fig. 喻) We've demolished all her arguments. 
我们已经驳倒了她的全部论点。2 infml to eat up hungrily【非正
式】吃光：to demolish two big platefuls of chicken 吃光两大盘
鸡肉
dem·o·li·tion /d8me`lifen; , deme'lifan/n [C; U] (an example
of)the act of demolishing 毁坏，破坏；拆毁
demolition der. by /，. . n AmE a kind of car race in which
the drivers try to hit other cars to knock them out of the
competition【美】撞车比赛
de·mon /`dimen; 'di:men/ n 1 an evil spirit 恶魔，恶鬼，鬼：(fig
喻) That child is a little demon. 那孩子是个小捣蛋鬼。2 infml
a person with unusual strength, skill etc【非正式】精力过人的
人；技艺出众的人；高手：a demon for work 工作不知疲倦的人
a demon card-player 玩纸牌的高手 — compare 比较 DAEMON
de·mon·e·tize, also 又作 -tise BrE【英】/di`mane, taiz; di:-
'man3taiz/ y [T] to stop using (especially a coin or note) as a
standard of money 停止用〔尤指硬币或纸币〕作为货币本位，使·. 
不再流通
de·mo·ni·a·cal /dime`naiekl; di:me'naiekel also 又作
de·mo·ni·ac /di`moni, aek; di'meuniaek/ - adj of or like a de-
mon 魔鬼的，恶魔似的：demoniacal cruelty 魔鬼般的残酷 -
~ly /-kli; -kli/ adv
de. mon. ic /di`manik; di'monik/ adj by a demon or being a de-
mon 受魔鬼影响的；魔鬼的； demonic possession (=being con-
trolled by an evil spirit) 魔鬼附身 | a demonic spirit 恶鬼 -
~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
demon. stra. ble /damenstrebl; di'monstrebal/ adj fml that can
be clearly proved or shown to be true【正式】可表明的；可论证
的；可证明的；显然的：a demonstrable fact 可加以证明的事实
- -bly adv: But that idea is demonstrably false! 但是那个想
法显然是错误的！-- -bility /di, manstre`bileti; di, monstre'bilti/
n [U]
dem·on·strate /`damen stret; 'demenstreit/ v1 [T] to prove or
make clear (a fact), especially by reasoning or providing
examples〔以推理或举例等〕论证，证明，证实：His last remark
demonstrates his tota ignorance of the subiect, 他最后一段
话证明他对这个问题一无所知。| [+that] Galileo demonstrated
that objects of different weights fall at the same speed. 伽利
略证实了重量不同的物体落下时速度是一样的。2 [T] to show or
describe clearly 表明；示范，演示：The first-aid instructor dem-
onstrated the correct way to bandage a wound. 急救指导员示
范了正确包扎伤口的方法。| [+wh-]I will now demonstrate
how the machine works. 我现在来示范一下这部机器如何运作。
3 [T] to show the value or use of (especially a machine), espe-
cially to a possible buyer〔向买主〕当众表演以宣传〔尤指机器产
品)； to demonstrate a new kitchen gadget 当众表演以推销厨
房新用具4[I(against)] to take part in a public show of strong
feeling or opinion, often with marching, big signs etc 游行示
威：They demonstrated against the government's nuclear
policy. 他们举行示威反对政府的核政策。 — see also 另见 DEM-
ONSTRATOR
dem·on·stra·tion /demen`strefen; demen'streifan/ also 又作
demo infml【非正式】— n 1 [C; U] an act of showing or prov-
ing something 表明；证明；示范：She gave us a demonstration
of the machine to show how it worked. 她给我们做作示范，说
明怎样操作这部机器。| Can I have a demonstration of what it
does?让我来演示一下它的功能, 好吗? 2 [C] a public show of
strong feeling or opinion, often with marching, big signs etc. 
Many people connect demonstrations with students, especially
LEFT-WING students. There were a lot of demonstrations dur-
ing the 1960s, some of them violent. 游行示威〔许多人把游行
示威同学生、尤其是左翼学生联系在一起。20世纪60年代发生过
多次游行示威活动，其中有些是暴力性质的)：to hold/stage a
demonstration against cuts in welfare spending 为抗议缩减
福利开支而举行示威 | We're going on/taking part in a CND
demonstration this afternoon. 今天下午我们将举行[参加]支
持核裁军运动的游行示威。| Police used tear gas to break up
the demonstration. 警察使用催泪弹来阻止游行示威。- com·
pare 比较 RALLY2(1)
0457
de·mon·stra·tive/di`manstretiy:di'mpnstretiy/adj1 show. 
ing feelings openly 公开表露感情的；感情外露的：He's not very
demonstrative. 他不是个感情太外露的人。 — opposite 反义词
undemonstrative 2 [(of)] fml showing or proving something
【正式】表明[证明] ··的：The report is demonstrative of the
government's concern about this matter. 报告表明政府对这
件事情的关心。 — ~ly adv
demonstrative pro·noun/·, ·'·/ also 又作 demonstrative
n tech a PRONOUN that points out the person or thing that is
meant and separates it from others【术语】指示代词：'This', 
'that', 'these', and 'those' are all demonstrative pronouns. 
this, that, these, those 都是指示代词。
dem·on·stra·tor/demen streta; 'demenstreite/n 1 a persor
who takes part in a public demonstration 游行示威者：The dem-
onstrators claim they were attacked by the police. 示威者声
称他们遭到警察的殴打。2 a person who demonstrates some
thing 示范表演者 3 (especially in British universities) a person
who helps science students with their practical work 〔英国大
学的〕理科实验教学助教[导师]
de·mor·al·ize, also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/di`mrel aiz; di'mprelaiz/
[T] to lessen or destroy the courage and confidence of 使士气
低落，使意志消沉：After months of inactivity, the army was
completely demoralized. 几个月没有打仗，这支军队完全失去了
斗志。| a series of demoralizing failures 一连串使人沮丧的失
败 - -ization /dimorele`zefen; dimprelai'zeifan/n [U]
de·mote/di`mot; di'meut/ v [T] to lower in rank or position 使
降级，使降职 — opposite 反义词 promote - -motion /di
`mofen; di'meufen/n[C; U]
de·mot. ic/di`matik; di'motik/ adj fml (of a form of language
especially Modern Greek) used by the ordinary people【正式】
〔语言，尤指现代希腊语〕大众化的，通俗的
de·mo·ti·vate /di`mote vet; di:'meutveit/ v [T] to take away
from (a person) their eagerness to do their job or the satisfac
tion they get from doing their job 使对工作变得消极；使失去动
力；使失去工作满足感- -vation /dimote`vefen; di:met
'veifan/ n [U]
de·mur1/di`m3; di'm3:/ v-rr- [I (at)] fml to make clear, by
words or actions, one's opposition to or disapproval of a plan
suggestion etc【正式】表示异议，表示反对：They demurred at the
idea of working on Sunday. 他们对星期日上班的主意表示反
对。
demur2n without demur fml with no sign of disagreement or
disapproval【正式】没有异议
de. mure/di`mjur; di'mjue/ adj 1 (especially of a woman or
child) quiet, serious, and not trying to draw attention to oneself
〔尤指妇女和小孩〕娴静的，庄重的，不招引别人注意的；a demure
young lady 一位娴静的年轻女士 2 pretending to be like this 假
正经的，故作庄重的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
de·mys. ti·fy/di`miste faidi:'mistfai/ v [T] to make (some
thing) less mysterious or less difficult to understand 使〔事物)
非神秘化；使容易理解；解开·的谜：a book attempting to demys·
tify the whole subject of computers 一本旨在去除电脑这门学
科的神秘色彩的小册子--fication/dimistefe`kefen; di:mis
tofo'keifan/ n [U]
den/den; den/ n 1 the home of a usually large fierce wild
animal, such as a lion 兽窝，兽穴 2 a centre of secret, espe
cially illegal, activity 密室；〔作非法活动场所的〕巢穴；匪窟：
den of thieves贼窝 an opiun den 鸦片烟窟 | a den of iniq-
uity 罪恶的场所 3 infml a small comfortable quiet room in a
house, where a person, usually a man, can be alone【非正
式】小巧舒适的私室，小书斋：Father's in his den. 父亲在他的
小书斋里。4 AmE a group of CUB SCOUTs【美】幼年童子军小
队
De·na·li/de`nalr; de'na:li/ a mountain in Denali National Park
in central Alaska, which is the highest point in North America
It was formerly called Mount McKinley, 迪纳利山〔位于阿拉
斯加州中部迪纳利国家公园的一座山脉，为北美洲的最高峰，以前
称麦金利山〕
de·na·tion·al·ize, also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/di`naefen], aiz; 
di:'naefanelaiz/ v [T] to remove from state ownership; PRIVAT-
IZE 使非国有化，使私营化 - -ization /dinaefen]e`zefen; di:nae-
[anelai'zeifan/ n [C; U]
Dench/dntf; dentf/, Dame Ju·di/d3udi; 'd3u: di/ (1934-)one
of the UK's best-known and most admired actresses, who appears
in the theatre, in films, and on television 登奇〔(1934- )，英国
最著名、最受人崇拜的影视和舞台剧女演员
den. gue fe. ver /dengi five; 'dengi, fi:ve/ n [U] a serious
infectious illness which is carried by mosquitoes (MOSOUITO)
in hot countries 登革热〔热带国家中由蚊子传播的一种严重传染
病〕
Deng Xiao. ping/, dvn fau`pin; dvn, fau'pin/ (1904-1997) a
Chinese politician who was the most powerful person in the
Chinese COMMUNIST Party from 1977 until his death, although
he never officially ruled China. He is known for starting the
important changes that helped China to develop its economy
and industry, and to do more business with Western countries. 
邓小平〔(1904-1997)，中国政治家，1977年至1997年间为中国
共产党内最具影响力的人物，以最早进行重大改革、帮助中国发展
经济和工业并加强与西方国家贸易而闻名〕
de·ni·al/di`naiel; di'naiel/ n [C; U] 1 the act or an example of
saying that something is not true; act of denying (DENY)否认
否定：The government has issued a firm denial of this rumour
政府发表声明断然否认这个谣言。2 the act or an example of
refusing to give or do something 拒绝 （给予）；拒绝 （做） ：a de-
nial of justice 拒绝给予公平处理
de. ni. er/di`naie; di'naie/ n a person who denies (DENY) some-
thing 否认者；拒绝者
den. i. er2/de`nir; 'denie/ n a measure of the fineness of the
threads of silk, nylon etc. Lower numbers mean finer threads, 
旦尼尔，旦〔丝、尼龙等的纤度单位，旦数越低越好〕：15-denie
tights 15旦纤度的紧身衣
den·i·grate /`dene gret; 'dengreit/ v [T] fml to declare to be
not very good or not important; DISPARAGE【正式】诋毁，诽谤
贬低 - -gration /dne`grefen; den'greifan/n [U]
den·im/`denem; 'denm/ n [U] a strong cotton cloth used espe
cially for making JEANS 坚韧斜纹粗棉布，丁尼布，劳动布，牛仔
den·ims/`denemz; 'denmz/n [P] trousers made of denim; JEANS
斜纹粗棉布裤，牛仔裤：a pair of blue denims 一条蓝色的牛仔
De Ni-ro/de `niro: de 'niareu/, Rob·ert/rabet; 'rpbet/ (1943-
one of America's greatest film actors, known especially for
appearing as characters who are violent or are involved in very
violent situations. His films include Taxi Driver (1976)， Raging
Bull (1980)， and Cape Fear (1991). 罗伯特·德尼罗〔(1943- )，
美国最著名的演员之一，尤以饰演暴力人物或卷入暴力事件的人物
闻名。演出过的影片包括《出租汽车司机》(1976)、《愤怒的公牛》
(1980)和《海角惊魂》(1991)〕
den·i·zen/`dEnezn; 'denzan/ n [(of)] lit or humor an animal, 
plant, or person, that lives or is found in a particular place【文
或幽】〔特定地区的〕栖息者，居民，居住者〔指动物、植物或人〕：
denizen. of the deep (=sea creatures)深海的居住者 [海洋生
物]
Den·mark/`denmark; 'denma:k/ a country in northern Europe. 
north of Germany and surrounded on three sides by sea. Den-
mark forms part of Scandinavia, and the people there are called
Danes. Population: 5, 216, 000(1995). Capital: Copenhagen. 丹
麦〔北欧国家，位于德国的北面，三面环海。该国是斯堪的那维亚
的一部分，其居民称Dane(丹麦人)。人口：5, 216, 000(1995)
首都：哥本哈根〕
den moth·er/'·, ·/ n AmE a woman who leads a group of CUB
SCOUTS【美】幼年童子军小队的女训导
Den·nis the Men. ace / denis de `menis; dens e 'mens
1 a character in the British COMIC The BEANO. Dennis is a
young boy with thick black hair that sticks out in all direc-
tions and he wears a SWEATER with red and black STRIPES
He has a dog called Gnasher, and together they play tricks
on people. 淘气阿丹〔英国连环漫画杂志《欢闹》中的人物，为一
头浓密黑发向四面八方翘着的小男孩。他身穿红黑条纹相间的套
头衫，有一条叫那什的狗同他一起捉弄别人)2 a character in a
US CARTOON STRIP. Dennis is a little boy with light hair
who is always causing problems, even though he does not
intend to. He especially likes to play with his neighbour, Mr
Wilson, who usually gets very annoyed with him. 淘气阿丹
〔美国连环漫画中的人物，长一头浅色头发，总是无意之中惹出麻
烦。他特别喜欢同邻居威尔逊先生闹着玩，威尔逊先生常对他很生
气〕
de·nom·i·nate /di`name, net; di'nomaneit/v[T+obj+n] fml or
pomp to give a name to; call; DESIGNATE【正式或夸张】给·. 命
名：称呼··为：把··叫做
de·nom·i·na. tion /di, name`nefen; di, nom'neifan/ n 1 a reli-
gious group that is part of a larger religious body 宗派，教派
The service was attended by Christians of all denominations
这次礼拜仪式各教派的基督徒都参加了。2 a standard of value
〔货币等的〕面额，单位：coins of many denominations/of low
denominations 不同面额的[面额低的] 硬币 3 fml a name, es-
pecially for a class or type【正式】名称，种类名，名目
de·nom·i·na. tion. al /di name`nefenl; di, nom'neifanel/ adjof
controlled by, or being a religious denomination 受教派控制
的，教派所有的；a denominational school 教派开办的学校
0458
see also 另见 INTERDENOMINATIONAL
de·nom·i·na. tor /di`name, nete; di'npmneite/n the number
below the line in a FRACTION （分数的）分母：4 is the denomi-
nator in '/4. 4是分数 `/4 的分母。- — compare 比较 NUMERATOR:
see also 另见 COMMON DENOMINATOR
de. no. ta. tion /dino`tefen; di:neu'teifan/ n especially tech the
thing that is actually named or described by a word, rather than
the feelings or ideas that are suggested by the word【尤术语】
指谓；指示意义；本义；〔字的〕意义 — compare 比较 CONNOTA
TION --tive /di`notetiv; di'neutetiv/ adj
de·note /di`not; di'neut/ v [T] 1 to be a name of; mean 为·的
名称；意思是··；意味着··：The word ‘lion’ denotes a certain
kind of wild animal. “lion”(狮子) 这个词是一种野兽的名称。2
to be a mark or sign of 为··的符号，表示：A smile often de-
notes pleasure. 微笑常常表示高兴。| [+that] The sign ‘=' de-
notes that two things are equal. “=(等号)”表示两个东西是相
等的。 — compare 比较 CONNOTE
de·noue·ment /de`numa; dei'nu:mon/n the end of a story when
everything is explained〔小说的〕大团圆，结局，结尾，收场
de·nounce /di`nauns; di'nauns/ v [T (as)] to express strong dis-
approval of, especially publicly; CONDEMN〔尤指公开〕指责
谴责；告发：The minister's action was denounced in all the
newspapers. 这个部长的行为在各报上遭到强烈谴责。| She was
denounced as a traitor. 她被告发为叛徒
dense /dens; dens/ adj 1 closely packed or crowded together 密
集的；稠密的：a dense crowd密集的人群|dense trees/traffic
密林：拥挤的交通2 difficult to see through 浓密的：不易看透
的：a dense mist 浓雾 3 stupid; slow to understand 愚笨的，迟
钝的：One or two of the students are a bit dense. 其中有一两
个学生有点儿迟钝。 — ~ly adv: a densely populated area 人口
稠密的地区 — ~ness n[U]
den. si·ty /`denseti; 'densti/n1 [U] a the quality of being DENSE
(1, 2)稠密，浓密：the density of the crowdlof the mist 稠密的
人群；浓雾 b the degree to which a space or area is filled 密度
浓度：population density 人口密度 | low-density housing (=a
small number of houses in a large area)低密度的住房 2 [C; U]
tech the relation of the amount of matter (the mass) to the space
nto which the matter is packed (its VOLUME (2)【术语】密度
〔单位空间内某种量的总数)：the density of a gas 某一气体的密
度 3 [C; U] tech the amount of information that can be stored
per unit of space on a MAGNETIC TAPE or DISK【术语】密度〔磁
带或磁盘上每个空间单位的信息存储量)：Are these high- or low
density disks?这些是高密度磁盘还是低密度磁盘？| The den-
sity of this tape is 6250 bpi. (=bits per inch)这盘磁带的密度是
每英寸6250比特。
dent'/dent; dent/ n a small hollow place in the surface of some-
thing man-made, which is the result of pressure or of being hit
〔因硬物挤压或碰撞而形成的〕凹痕，凹坑：a dent in the side of
my car 我汽车边上的凹痕 | (fig. 喻) The holiday has made a
big dent in our savings. 这个假日花掉了我们不少积蓄。
dent2v[T] to make a dent in 使产生凹痕：I'm afraid I've dented
the car. 恐怕我把那辆车撞瘪了一点。
den·tal' /`dentl; 'dentl/ adj of or related to the teeth 牙齿的，牙
科的：dental decay 龋齿
dental2n, adj tech (a speech sound) made by putting the end of
the tongue against the upper front teeth【术语】〔语音〕齿音；齿
音的
dental floss /. / n [U] a type of thread usually covered in
WAX and used for cleaning between the teeth 洁牙线〔用以保持
牙缝清洁的一种涂蜡的线〕
dental hy. gie. nist /. ·/n a HYGIENIST 牙医助手
dental plate /. ·/ n a PLATE1(8)〔假牙的)牙托[床]
dental sur. geon /，· '·/‖usually 一般作 oral surgeon AmE
【美】-— n fml a dentist【正式】牙科医生
den·tine /`dantin; 'denti:n/ BrE【英】den·tin /`dntin; 'dentin/
AmE【美】-n [U] a hard substance that forms the main part of
the tooth 牙（本）质，齿质
den·tist /dentist: 'dentst/ n a person who has been profession
ally trained to treat the teeth. In Britain and the US, people
usually go to see their dentist every six months when they are
children (and in Britain this is paid for by the state), although
often they go less frequently as adults. Many people, espe-
cially older people, connect the dentist's with pain, and some
actually fear going there. 牙科医生〔在英国和美国，儿童一般每
六个月去看一次牙医，而且在英国这笔费用由政府支付，不过很多
小孩都和大人一样去得不多。不少人，尤其是老人把牙医诊所与疼
痛联系在一起，有些人竟然害怕去牙科诊所)：I have to go to the
dentist/to the dentist's this morning. 今天早上我得去看牙医。
 — compare 比较 ORAL SURGEON; see also 另见 DENTAL', ORTH
ODONTIST
den·tis. try /dentistri; 'dentstri/ n [U] the work of a dentist 牙
医业；牙科医术
den·ture /`dentfe; 'dentfe/ n fml a PLATE'(8) into which false
teeth are fixed【正式】〔假牙的〕牙托[床]
den-tures /`dantfo·z; 'dentfez/ n [P] FALSE TEETH 假牙，一副假
牙
Den-tyne /dentin: 'denti:n/ trademark a type of CHEWING GUM
that does not have any sugar, sold in the US and the UK【商标】
“丹廷”牌口香糖〔一种无糖口香糖，在美国和英国出售〕
de·nude /di`njud; di'nju:d/v [T (of)] fml to completely remov
the (natural) protective covering from【正式】〔把（自然）保护层)
剥光，剥蚀；使裸露：Wind and rain had denuded the mountainside
of soil. 风吹雨淋把山腰的泥土都剥蚀了。
de·nun·ci·a·tion /di, nvnsi`efen; di, nvnsi'eifan/n [C; U](ar
example of) the act of denouncing(DENOUNCE)公开的谴责，
指责；告发：The President issued a tough denunciation of
terrorisn. 总统严厉谴责了恐怖主义。
Den·ver /`denve; 'denve/ the capital and largest city of the US
state of Colorado, close to the Rocky Mountains. Denver is an
important business, educational and CULTURAL centre, and it
is sometimes called the Mile-High City because it is one mile
above sea level. 丹佛〔美国科罗拉多州首府和最大的城市，靠近
落基山脉，是重要的商业、教育和文化中心。因其地处海拔一英里
高，所以有时被称为“一英里高城”〕
Denver boot /. / n AmE an informal name for a WHEEL CLAMP
【美】车轮固定夹
de·ny /di`nai; di'nai/ v [T] 1 to declare untrue: refuse to accept
as a fact 否认，否定，不承认：The minister has strenuously de-
nied these allegations. 部长极力否认这些缺乏根据的指控。|
She denies any involvement in the robbery. 她否认同抢劫案有
任何牵连。| [+y-ing/that] The accused man denies ever hav-
ing met her/denies that he has ever met her. 被告否认他曾经
遇到过她。| [+obj+to-v] (fml 正式) Do you deny this to be
your writing?你否认这是你的笔迹吗？ |There's no denying
that(=it's very clear that) this will be a serious blow to the
government. 很清楚，这件事将给政府一个严重的打击。- com-
pare 比较 AFFIRM, ADMIT 2 to refuse to give or allow 拒绝给
予，不准：Permission to enter was denied. 不获准入内。|[+obj
(i)+obj(d)] I was denied the chance of going to university
when my parents' business collapsed and they lost everything
they owned. 父母亲做生意破了产，失去全部家当，我便得不到上
大学的机会了。3 to refuse to allow (oneself) too much plea
sure 自制，克制；放弃〔享乐等)：We denied ourselves for years
until we'd finished paying for the house, 我们过了几年艰苦日
子，直到把买房子的钱付清了。4 fml to disclaim connection with
or responsibility for; DISOWN【正式】否认与·有关系；拒绝承担
责任：抛弃，背弃：He has denied his country and his principles!
他已经背弃了自己的国家和原则！ — see also 另见 DENIAL, DE-
NIER
de·o. do. rant /di`oderent; di:'eudarent/ n [C; U] a chemica
substance that destroys or hides unpleasant smells, especially
those of the human body 〔尤指去除体臭的)除臭剂； a roll-on
deodorant滚抹除臭剂 — compare 比较 ANTIPERSPIRANT
de·o·do·rize, also 又作 -rise BrE【英】/di`ode, raiz; di:'euderaiz/
ν [T] to remove or hide the unpleasant smell of 除去··的臭气
dep written abbrev. for 缩写= a DEPART b DEPARTURE-
compare 比较 ARR(2)
Dep. ar. dieu /depar`dj3; depa:'dj3:/ Ger. ard /d3e`rard
d3era:d/(1948-)one of France's greatest film actors, who
has appeared in many French films, including Jean de Florette
(1986) and Cyrano de Bergerac (1990)， and also in some
English-speaking films, such as Green Card(1990)德帕迪约
〔(1948-)，法国最杰出的电影演员之一，曾出演过许多法语影
片，包括《让·德·弗罗莱特》(1986)和《大鼻子情圣》(1990)。他
还演过《绿卡》(1990)等一些英语影片〕
de·part /di`part; di'pa:t/ v1 [I (from)] fml or lit to leave; go
away, especially when starting a journey【正式或文】离开，动
身，启程，出发：The train to Edinburgh will depart from plat-
form 6 in five minutes. 开往爱丁堡的火车将于5分钟后从6号
站台开出。 — compare 比较 ARRIVE(1)2depart this life euph
to die; used especially on GRAVESTONES【婉】离开人间，死亡〔尤
用于墓碑上〕
depart from sthg. phr v [T] to turn away from or stop fol-
lowing (a usual or former course of action, way of thinking
etc)背离，违反〔常轨、习惯等)：On this occasion we departed
from our normal practice of holding the meetings in public. 
这一次我们一反常规不举行公开会议。- — see also另见 DEPAl-
TURE(2)
de·part·ed /di`partid; di'pa:td/ adj1 gone for ever 过去的，已
往的：to remember one's departed youth 回忆消逝的青春年华
0459
2 euph dead; a word used especially by priests and older people
【婉】已故的，已去世的〔尤为牧师或老年人使用)：our dear de·
parted father 我们亲爱的先父 [also n 也作名词， the+C, pl
departed] Let us pray for all the faithful departed. 让我们为
所有忠诚的死者祈祷吧。
*de·part·ment/di`partment; di'pa:tment/(written abbrev. 缩
写为 dept)n 1 [C+sing. /pl. v] any of the important divisions
or branches of a government, business, college etc 部门，部
司；局；处；科；系：The History Department is/are using this
room. 历史系正在用这个房间。| the toy department of a large
store 大商店的玩具部 | She's the head of the firm's person-
nel department. 她是这家公司人事部的负责人。| He's a se-
nior executive at the department of Transportl at the State
Department. 他是运输部[国务院]的高级行政官员。2 [C] (in
various countries)a political division rather like a COUNTY in
Britain or a state in the US〔某些国家中相当于英国的郡或美国
的州的〕行政区 3 [S] infml an activity or subject which is the
special responsibility of a particular person【非正式】（工作）范
围：专长；活动领域：I'm not going to repair the clock- that's
your department. 我不准备修理那钟 -—那是你的专长。 — ~al
/, dipart`mentl; di:pa:t'mentl/ adj: a departmental meeting
部门的会议
Department for Ed-u-ca-tion and Em-ploy. ment, the/
·'·/ abbrev. 缩写为 DfEE a British government depart
ment which is responsible both for the UK's education system
and for making laws about workers'rights, organizing train-
ing programmes for people without jobs etc 教育与就业部〔英
国政府部门，负责英国的教育体制，并制定工人权益保障法例、为
失业人员安排培训计划等
Department for In. ter-na. tion. al De. vel·op. ment, the
·· ·'··/ the DFID〔英国〕国际开发部
Department of Cul-ture, Me-di-a and Sport, the /. 
'/ a British government department, formerly called the
Department of National Heritage, which is responsible for sup-
porting the arts, tourism, sport etc, and for making rules about
newspapers and broadcasting in the UK 文化、新闻与体育部
[英国政府部门, 以前称“国家传统事务部”, 负责支持艺术、旅游、
体育等事业的发展并制定英国的广播新闻法规〕
Department of De. fense, the /. . . '/ the US government
department which is responsible for the military forces in the
US, that is, the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. In the
UK there is a similar department called the MINISTRY OF
DEFENCE. 国防部〔美国政府部门，负责美国的军事力量，即陆、海、
空和海军陆战队，在英国有一个类似的部门称 Ministry of
Defence) — see also 另见 the PENTAGON
Department of Ed. u. ca. tion, the /. . . / a US govern. 
ment department which is responsible for the education system. 
including education programmes, laws for schools and colleges. 
standards for schools and teachers etc教育部〔美国政府部门
负责教育计划、大中学校法规、学校与教师标准等的教育体制事
务〕
Department of Health, the /. '/ a British government
department which is responsible for health programmes in the
UK and for the NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE 卫生部〔英国政府
部门，负责英国的保健计划和国民保健制度〕
Department of Health and Hu·man Ser·vic. es, the /
. '·/ a US government department which is responsible
for health programmes, and for providing money and support
for people who are poor, people who have no jobs, and people
who have stopped working because they are old 卫生与公众服
务部〔美国政府部门，负责保健计划以及为贫困、失业和退休人员
提供资助〕
Department of Hous·ing and Ur·ban De. vel·op·ment
the/·, ··. ··, ··'·/ — see 参见 HUD
Department of Jus. tice, the /. . . / a US government de
artment which deals with the law. Its work includes writing
laws, representing the government in a court of law, and doing
criminal INVESTIGATIONS (=searching for information to solve
crimes). The head of the Department of Justice is called the
ATTORNEY GENERAL, and in the UK there is a similar depart-
ment called the LORD CHANCELLOR'S DEPARTMENT. 司法部〔美
国政府部门，负责处理司法事务，职责包括制定法律、在法庭上代
表政府和调查违法活动。司法部长叫做“the Attorney General”。
在英国，有一个类似的部门叫做 Lord Chancellor's Department
(大法官事务部)〕
Department of La. bor, the /. . . / the US government de-
partment concerned with how workers are treated by employers
It examines subjects such as fair wages, safety, and the num-
ber of hours worked each week. 劳工部〔美国政府部门，负责处
理工人待遇，检查诸如公平的工资待遇、安全保障和每周工作时间
等问题〕
Department of Mo. tor Ve. hi. cles, the /·. ·，·/ the full
name of the DMV(美国)机动车辆部
Department of Na·tion·al Her·i·tage, the /·. ·. ···/ —
see 参见 DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE, MEDIA AND SPORT
Department of So. cial Se. cu. ri-ty, the /. . . . . / the full
name of the DSS(英国)社会保障部
Department of State, the /·'/ the official name for the
US STATE DEPARTMENT(美国)国务院〔the US State Department
的正式名称〕
Department of the En·vi-ron·ment, the /·. . . . ·/ also又
作 the DOE a British government department that deals with
things such as plans for new roads and buildings, the protec-
tion of the countryside and old buildings, and the quality of
the air and water in the UK 环境事务部〔英国政府部门，负责新
建公路和建筑的规划、乡村和古建筑的保护以及英国空气质量和水
质等事务〕
Department of the In. ter. i. or, the /. . . . . / the part of the
US government responsible for protecting the US's NATURAL
RESOURCES(=land, minerals, water, natural energy etc). The
person in charge of this department is called the Secretary of
the Interior. 内政部〔美国政府部门，负责保护美国的自然资源。内
政部长称 the Secretary of the Interior)
Department of Trade and In. dus. try, the /. . . . . / the
full name of the DTI(英国)贸易和工业部
Department of Trans. port, the /. . / a British govern-
ment department that deals with TRANSPORT in the UK, e. g. by
making laws about road vehicles and planes, and by building
and repairing roads. In the US there is a similar department
called the DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. 交通运输部〔英
国政府部门，负责处理英国的交通运输事务，如制定有关陆路交通
工具和飞机的法律、修建和保养公路等。在美国有一个类似的部门
称 the Department of Transportation
Department of Trans. por. ta-tion, the /. . . . / a US gov-
ernment department that deals with TRANSPORT in the US, e. g. 
by making laws about road vehicles and planes, and by build-
ing and repairing roads. In the UK there is a similar depart-
ment called the DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT. 交通运输部〔美
国政府部门，负责处理美国的交通运输事务，如制定有关陆路交通
工具和飞机的法律、修建和保养公路等。在英国，有一个类似的部
门称 the Department of Transport)
department store /. '. / n a large shop divided into
departments, in each of which a different type of goods is sold
Among the most famous department stores are, in Britain
Harrods, Debenhams, and John Lewis, and in the US
Macy's, Bloomingdales, and Marshall Fielo. 百货公司, 百货
商店〔最著名的百货商店中，英国有哈罗兹、德本汉姆斯和约翰·刘
易斯，美国有梅西、布卢明代尔斯和马歇尔·菲尔德
de·par. ture/di`partfe; di'pa:tfe/n 1 [C; U] an act of depart-
ing 离开，起程，出发：There are several departures a day for
New York. 一天有好几班车开往纽约。| What is the departure
time of the flight to New York?飞往纽约的班机什么时间起飞？
(fml 正式)It is time to take our departure (=to leave)我们
该走了。|(fig. 喻) his sudden departure from the political
scene 他的突然离开政坛 2 [C (from)] a change from a usual
or former course of action etc; DIVERGENCE〔从常轨、习惯等
的)背离，变更：The new policy represents a complete depar-
ture from their previous position, 新政策表明了他们已彻底背
离原先的立场。| This is a new departure for the company. 这
是公司的新变革。
departure lounge/. / n the area at an airport where people
wait until their flights are ready to leave. They can eat or drink, 
buy certain things, change money etc, while they are waiting. 
〔机场的〕候机室
*de. pend /di`pand; di'pend/ v1 [it+T+wh-] to vary according
to; be decided by 取决（于），决定（于），根据··而定：You can
buy them in all sizes - it depends how much you're pre-
Dared to spenc. 随便哪一种尺寸的都有得卖 ——关键看你准备
花多少钱了。2 That (all) depends/It all depends That/It has
not yet been decided 那得看情况
depend on/upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to trust (usually a
person); have confidence in 相信，信赖，凭靠〔一般指人)：You
can't depend on John- he nearly always arrives late. 你可
不能信赖约翰——他几乎总是迟到的。|[+obj+to-v/v-ing]
We're depending on you to finish the joblon you finishing the
job by Friday. 我们相信你在星期五以前可以完成这件工作。
They'll be here soon, depend upon it. (=you can be sure)他
们马上就到，请放心。2 to be supported by, especially with
money; need for one's support 依靠，依赖〔尤指钱)：The organ-
ization depends on the government for most of its income. 这
0460
个组织的收入主要依靠政府拨给。| The country depends
heavily on its tourist trade, 这个国家(的经济)在很大程度上依
靠其旅游业。3 [not in progressive forms 不用进行式] to vary
according to; be decided by 视··而定：The price of the shares
will depend on the number of people who want to buy them. 
股票的价格视购买者之多少而定。| [+wh-] The amount you pay
depends on where you live. 付价多少要看你住在哪里而定。
de·pen-da-ble /di`pendebl; di'pendebal/ adj able to be trusted:
RELIABLE 可信赖的，可靠的：She won't forget -- she's very
dependable. 她不会忘记的 —— 她非常可靠。| a dependable
source of income_靠得住的经济来源 -- -bly ady -- -bility /dr-
pande`bileti; di, pende'bilti/n [U]
de·pen·dant, -dent /di`pendent; di'pendent/ n a person who
depends on someone else for food, clothing, money etc. A
person's dependants are usually their husband or wife and any
children under 18. 受抚养者；受抚养的家属〔通常为某人的配偶
和18岁以下的孩子)：Please state your name, age, and the
number of dependants you have. 请登记你的姓名、年龄以及供
养的亲属的人数。
de·pen·dence /di`pendens; di'pendens/ n [U (on, upon)] 1 the
state of being dependent; inability to exist or operate without
the help or support of someone or something else 依赖，依靠：
We need to reduce our dependence on oil as a source of
energy. 我们必须减少对石油作为能源的依赖。 — see also 另见
INDEPENDENCE 2 trust; RELIANCE 信任，信赖； I always place/
put a lot of dependence on what she says. 我始终很信任她所
说的话。3 the need to have certain drugs regularly, especially
dangerous ones; ADDICTION 对药物〔尤指毒品〕之依赖；毒瘾
de·pen·den. cy/di`pendensi; di'pendensi/n a country controlled
by another 属国，附庸国
de·pen·dent /di`pendent; di'pendent/ adj 1 [(on)] needing the
help or support of someone or something else 依靠的，依赖的
受抚养的； a dependent child 受抚养的子女 | The country is
heavily dependent on foreign aid/on its oil exports. 这个国家
大量依靠外国的援助[石油输出]。 — see also 另见 INDEPENDENT
2 [F+on] that will be decided by 决定于··的，取决于·的：The
sze of the crowd is largely dependent on the weathe, 人数的
多少主要取决于天气情况
dependent clause /· '/ also 又作 subordinate clause - n
tech (in grammar) a CLAUSE which cannot stand by itself, but
can help to make a sentence when it is part of, or joined to, an
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE【术语】〔语法中的〕从句，从属子句：‘When
I came' is a dependent clause in the two sentences 'When I
came, she had left' and 'She wants to know when I came'
“When I came”是以下“When I came, she had left”和“She
wants to know when I came”这两个句子中的从句。
de·pict/di`pikt; di'pikt/ v [T (as)] fml to represent or show in or
as if in a picture【正式】描述；描绘；描画；刻画：This painting
depicts the birth of Venus. 这幅油画描绘的是维纳斯的诞生。
The book depicts him as a rather unpleasant character. 这本
书把他刻画成一个相当令人讨厌的人物。 — compare 比较 PIC-
TURE2(2)--piction /di`pikfen; di'pikfan/ n [C; U]
de. pil. a. to. ry /di`pile, tori; di'piletari/ n, adj(a substance) that
gets rid of unwanted hair, especially on the human body 〔尤指
用于人体的〕脱毛剂；脱毛（用）的
de. plete /di`plit; di'pli:t/ v [T] fml to lessen greatly in amount, 
contents etc【正式】大大减少；使空虚，使枯竭：The seamen'
strike has seriously depletec the country's stock. of food, 海
员的罢工使国家的食物储备量锐减。--pletion /di`plifen; dr-
pli:fan/ n [U]
de. plor. a. ble /di`plorebl; di'plo:rebal/ adj very bad; deserving
severe disapproval; a fairly formal word rarely used by young
people in spoken English 糟透的；可叹的；可悲的〔相当正式，年
轻人很少在口语中使用)：The condition of this room is deplor
able. 这个房间的状况糟透了。| a deplorable waste of the tax
payers' money 对纳税人的钱的胡乱糟蹋 - -bly ady; She be-
haved deplorably, 她表现得极坏。
de-plore /di`plor; di'plo:/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进
行式] fml to feel or express sorrow and usually severe disap. 
proval for【正式】悲叹：痛惜：强烈反对，非难：One must deplore
their violent behaviour. 人人都会谴责他们的凶暴行为。
de. ploy/di`ploi; di'ploi/ v [T] to spread out or arrange for effec-
tive action, especially for military action〔尤指军事行动)使展
开：施展：部署，调动：The general deploved his forces. 将军部
署了他的部队。| We will have to deploy all our resources to
win this election. 我们将要调动一切人力和财力去赢得这次选举
~ment n [U]
de Pom. pa. dour /de`pampedor; de 'pompedue/, Madame
(1721-1764) the MISTRESS of King Louis XV of France. She
had a lot of influence over politics from 1745 until her death. 
蓬巴杜夫人〔(1721-1764)，法王路易十六的情妇，从1745年到去
世前她对法国的政治有重大影响〕
de·pop. u. late /di`papje, let; , di:'popjleit/ v [T usually pass. 
般用于被动语态] to reduce greatly the population of (an area)
使〔某一地区〕人口剧减--lation/dipapje`lefen; , di:popj-
'leifan/ n [U]
de. port1/di`port; di'po:t/v [T] to send (someone who is not a
citizen)out of the country, e. g. because they have broken the
law or do not have a legal right to stay 把〔不受欢迎的外国人〕
驱逐出境 — ~ation /，dipor`tefen; , di:po:'teifan/ n [C; U]:to
issue a deportation order发布驱逐出境令
deport2v [T] fml to behave (oneself); CONDUCT (3) (oneself
【正式】持身，处己，行为，举动
de·por·tee /，dipor`ti; di:po:'ti:/n a person who has been de-
ported or who is to be deported 被驱逐出境者；被判驱逐出境者
de·port·ment /di`portment; di'po:tment/n [U] fml【正式】1 es
pecially BrE the way a person, especially a young lady, stands
and walks【尤英】〔尤指年轻女士的〕风度，仪态，举止 2 espe-
cially AmE the way a person, especially a young lady, behaves
in the company of others【尤美】〔尤指年轻女士在社交场合中的]
礼节；态度；举止
de·pose /di`poz; di'peuz/ v [T] 1 to remove from a position of
power, especially from that of ruler 罢免，废黜：The head of
state was deposed by the army. 国家元首被军队废黜了。2 law
to state (information) solemnly in a court of law【律】〔在法庭
上)宣誓作证 — see also 另见 DEPOSITION
de·pos. it'/di`pazit; di'pozt/v[T]1 [+obj+adv/prep] to put or
set down, usually in a stated place 放置，安置：Where can I
deposit this load of sand? 这堆沙子我该放在哪儿？ | She de-
posited her shopping on the tableldeposited herself in the
nearest chair, 她把买来的东西放在桌上; 她坐在就近的椅子上。
2 to let fall(fine substances) and leave lying 使沉淀，使淤积
As the river slows down it deposits rich soil at its bends. 河水
的流速减慢时有大量的沃土沉积在河的转弯处。|Every surface
was covered in dust deposited by the desert winds, 每一样东
西上面都盖满了由沙漠风吹积起的尘土。3 to place in a bank or
SAFE2 储蓄，存放：You can deposit your valuables in the hote
safe. 你可以把贵重物品存放到旅馆的保险柜里。 — see also 另
见 DEPOSITOR, SAFE-DEPOSIT BOX 4 to pay (money) that will
be returned later if certain conditions are kept 付押金[保证金]
预付〔定钱) ：Tenants are usually required to deposit ￡100 with
te agent, in case of damage or default, 房客通常要向房地产
代理商交纳100英镑押金，以防东西损坏或拖欠房租。
deposit2n 1 [C; U] a matter that has been deposited in rock by
a natural process 矿床，矿藏：There are rich deposits of gold
in those hills. 那些丘陵里埋藏着丰富的金矿。b matter that has
been deposited by liquid 沉淀物，淤积物：salt deposits 盐层 |
too much deposit in a bottle of wine 酒瓶里太多的沉淀物 2 [C
an act of placing money in a bank or SAFE2储蓄，存款：I'd like
to make a deposit please. 我想存款，请给我办理一下。| a de-
posit box 保险箱 3 [C usually sing. 一般用单数] the first part
of a payment for goods or service, as a sign that the payment
will be completed 订金，定金：The hotel requires a deposit for
all advance bookings, 旅馆规定凡预订房间都要先付订金。| We
put down a deposit on a new car today. 今天我们付了买新汽
车的订金。 — compare 比较 DOWN PAYMENT 4 [C usually sing. 
一般用单数] money paid at the beginning of a business
agreement, to be held in case the agreement is not kept 押金，
保证金，头款：You may have to pay a deposit to open an elec-
tricity account, but if you pay your bills promptly they won't
keep it. 你可能得预付一笔保证金来开一个电费账户，但是如果你
准时付费，他们会退还保证金。| When you return the bottle we'll
return your deposit. 你退瓶子的时候我们将退还押金给你。| to
put down a deposit of ￡100 on a new car 给一辆新汽车付 100
英镑订金
deposit ac-count/. . / n especially BrE a bank account which
earns interest and from which money can usually be taken out
only if advance notice is given【尤英】〔银行的〕定期存款账户
 — compare 比较 CHECKING ACCOUNT, CURRENT ACCOUNT
SAVINGS ACCOUNT
dep·o·si·tion /，dpe`zifen; depe'zifan/ n 1 [U] the act of de-
posing(DEPOSE) someone from a position of power 罢免；废
2 [C; U] law (the act of making) a solemn statement to a court
of law【律】〔在法庭上的〕宣誓作证；证词，证言
de·posi. tor /di`pazite; di'ppzte/n a person who DEPOSITS
money in a bank account 〔银行的〕存款人
de. pos. i. to. ry /di`paze tori; di'poztari/ n a person or place that
keeps things safely stored保管人；寄存处，保管处，仓库
dep ot/`dipo; 'depeu/ n 1 a storehouse for goods 仓库，库房 2 a
place where military stores are kept, and where new soldiers
0461
are trained 军需库，补给站：新兵训练站 3 a AmE a railway sta-
tion or bus station, especially a small one【美】火车站，公共汽
车站〔尤指小车站) b a place where buses are kept and repaired
a bus garage 公共汽车维修场[厂]；公共汽车车库
Depp /dep; dep/ Johnny (1963-) a US actor whose films
include Edward Scissorhands (1990) and Donnie Brasco
(1997)约翰尼·德普〔(1963-)，美国演员，演出过的影片包括《剪
刀手爱德华》(1990)和《忠奸人》(1997)
de·prave /di`prey; di'preiy/ v [T] to make evil in character 使堕
落，使道德败坏：The judge described the rapist as a vicious and
depraved man. 法官形容那强奸犯是个邪恶的道德败坏的人。
Do you believe that these films are likely to deprave and
corrupt young people?你认为这些影片会使年轻人堕落吗？-
-pravation /，depre`vefen; depre'veifan/ n [U]--pravity /di-
`praeveti; di'praevti/n [C; U
dep. re·cate /depre ket; 'deprkeit/ v [T not in progressive forms
不用进行式] fiml to express disapproval of (an action etc); DEPLORE
【正式】不赞成，反对：We strongly deprecate the use of violence
by the strikers. 我们强烈反对罢工者使用暴力。--catingly adv
-cation /，depre`kefen; depr'keifan/ n [U]
dep·re·ca·to. ry /`depreke. tori: 'deprkeitari/adj 1 trying to
prevent disapproval; APOLOGETIC 辩解的；表示歉意的，求情的：
He admitted his mistake with a deprecatory smile. 他用一个
表示歉意的微笑承认了自己的错误。2 expressing disapproval; 
deprecating 表示反对的，表示不赞成的
de·pre·ci·ate /di`prifi et; di'pri:fieit/v1 [I] to fall in value贬
值，跌价；减值：The car's value will depreciate by about ￡2000
i the first year. 汽车在第一年将减值大约2000英镑。-- oppo-
site 反义词 appreciate 2 [T] fiml to represent as of little value:
DENIGRATE【正式】贬低，蔑视，轻视：We must not depreciate the
work she has done. 我们不应该轻视她所做的工作。- -ation
/di`prifi`efen; di, pri:fi'eifan/n [U]
de. pre. ci·a. to. ry /di`prifie tori; di'pri:fietari/ adj tending to
DEPRECIATE(2)贬低的；轻视的，瞧不起的：depreciatory re
marks贬低的话
dep·re·da·tion /depri`defen; deprs'deifan/ n [usually pl. 
般用复数] fml an act of destroying or ruining【正式】劫掠；破
坏，蹂躏：Not a single village escaped the depredations of war
没有一个村庄未遭到战争的蹂躏。
de·press /di`pras; di'pres/ v [T] 1 to cause to feel sad and with
out hope; discourage 使沮丧；使消沉：The thought of having to
take the exam again depressed me. 想到还须重新考试，我就感
到沮丧。2 to make less active or strong; cause to sink 使不景
气，使萧条：The threat of war has depressed business activity
战争的威胁使经济萧条。3 fml to press down【正式】按下，压下
Depress this button to rewind the tape. 按下这个按钮倒带。
de·pressed /di`prest; di'prest/ adj 1 a low in spirits; sad and
without hope 精神不振的，忧伤的，消沉的 b suffering from
DEPRESSION 患抑郁症的：You look rather depressed. 你看上去
精神不太好呀。| She's very depressed about her exam re-
sults at the moment. 目前，她因考试成绩（不好）而感到非常沮
丧。| He's been depressed for several months now, 他精神不
振已有好几个月了。2 suffering from low levels of business
activity, high unemployment etc 经济萧条的，不景气的：depressed
areas of the country 国内经济不景气的地区 3 flattened, espe-
cially with the central part lower than the edges 〔中间部分)凹
下的
de·press·ing /di`presin; di'presin/ adj causing sadness or
discouragement; GLOOMY令人抑郁的，使忧伤的，使沮丧的：
depressing news 令人沮丧的消息 | What a depressing film!
多么令人心情抑郁的电影！ — ~ly adv
de·pres·sion /di`prefen; di'prefan/ n1 [C; U] a a feeling of
sadness and hopelessness 忧伤，消沉，沮丧 b a mental disorder
during which people suffer from great sadness, unnatural tired
hess and unwillingness to do anything, difficulty in thinking
etc 抑郁症：He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的抑
郁症。2 [C] a long period of seriously reduced business activ
ity and high unemployment 经济大萧条，不景气时期 - com
bare 比较 RECESSION; see also 另见 GREAT DEPRESSION 3 [C
a part of a surface which is lower than the other parts 凹陷，洼
地：The rain collected in several depressions on the ground
地面上好几处凹陷的地方都积了雨水。4[C] tech an area where
the pressure of the air is low in the centre and higher towards
the outside【术语】低气压（地区） ：A depression over the Atlantic
usually brings bad weather in Britain. 大西洋上空的低气压通
常给英国带来恶劣的天气
Depression, the — see 参见 the GREAT DEPRESSION
de·pres. sive1/di`presiy; di'presiy/ adj often feeling DEPRESSED
抑郁的
depressive2n [C] someone who suffers from DEPRESSION 抑
郁症患者
dep·ri·va·tion /dapri`vefen; depr'veifan/ n 1 [U] the act of
depriving or state of being deprived 剥夺；被夺去，丧失 2 [C] a
lack or loss 缺乏；损失：The refugees suffered terrible depri-
vations. 难民遭受到种种极惨的匮乏之苦。
de·prive /di`praiv; di'praiv/v
deprive sbdy. of sthg. phr v [T] to take away from; prevent
from using or having (something thought to be necessary or a
right) 剥夺〔权利或必需的东西)，夺去；使丧失：This law will
deprive us of our most basic rights. 这条法律将剥夺我们最基
本的权利。| The railways have been deprived of the money
they need for modernization, 铁路系统被剥夺了那笔需要用于
现代化的拨款
de. prived /di`praivd; di'praivd/ adj without the food, money. 
and comfortable living conditions considered necessary for a
reasonable life in Western society 贫困的：deprived children
贫穷的儿童| a deprived childhood贫困的童年（时代）
de·pro·gram /di`prograem; , di:'preugraem/ v AmE [T] to bring
(a person) back to an earlier way of thinking, especially after
they have been persuaded strongly and continuously into fol-
lowing and obeying a religious CULT【美】使消除宗教狂热
dept, Dept written abbrev. for 缩写= DEPARTMENT
*depth /dap0; dep0/ n [C usually sing. 一般用单数； U] 1 the state
or degree of being deep 深，深度；纵深：What is the depth of
tis lake?这个湖有多深? | We divea to a depth of 30 feet. 我
们潜到水下30英尺的深度。2 the quality of being deep in
feeling, understanding etc〔感情的)深厚，深切，深刻：They un
derestimated the depth of public feeling on this issue. 他们低
估了公众对这个问题的敏感程度。3out of/beyond one's depth ：
a in water that is deeper than one's height 在水深没顶的地方 b
beyond one's ability to understand 超越自己的理解能力：I'm
out of my depth in this argument. 我对这场争论感到茫然。4
in depth // going beneath the surface appearance of things:
done with great thoroughness 深入的 [地]，彻底的[地]：We
studied the situation in depth, 我们深入地研究了情况。| ar
in-depth study 深入的研究 — see also 另见 DEPTHS 5sink to
the depths to lose all your moral judgment and do things that
are extremely bad 堕落：That state was sinking to the depths
of fascist barbarity. 那个国家竟沉沦至法西斯主义暴政的地步
了。| I can't believe she could sink to those depths. I mean, it
must be pretty bad to be stealing from your own family. 我真
不敢相信，她竟堕落到如此地步。我的意思是偷盗自家的东西实在
可悲。
depth charge /'/ also 又作 depth bomb - n a bomb that
explodes at a certain depth under water, used for attacking SUB-
MARINES 深水炸弹
depths /dep0s; dep0s/ n [the+P] the deepest, most central, or
worst part of something 极深处，深渊；正中；最坏的情况：in the
depths of the ocean 在海洋深处 | in the depths of winterlof
despair 在隆冬；在绝望的深渊 | According to the latest opin
ion polls, the government hasplumbed new depths (=reached
a new low level) of unpopularity. 根据最近的民意调查，政府
的声望降到新低点
dep·u·ta·tion /depje`tefen; depj'teifan/n [C+sing. /pl. v] a
group of people who are sent somewhere(e. g. to a meeting) as
representatives of a larger group 代表团：A deputation from
the railwaymen's union has/have gone to have talks with the
Prime Minister. 铁路工会的代表团已前去和首相会谈
de. pute /di`pjut; di'pju:t/ v [T+obj+to-v] fml to appoint
(someone) to do something instead of oneself【正式】指定〔某
人〕为代表：使〔某人〕做代理人：I've been deputed to take charge
of the shop while she's away at the conference. 她外出开会
时，指派我负责管理这个商店
depute sthg. to sbdy. phr v [T] fml to give (part of one's job)
to (someone else); DELEGATE to【正式】授〔权〕给〔某人〕：把〔工
作等〕委托给〔某人)：She's deputed the running of the shop to
me while she's away at the conference. 她外出开会时，委托我
管理这个商店
dep·u·tize, also又作-tise BrE【英】`dpje taiz; 'depjtaiz/v[I
(for)] to act as a deputy 担任代表，充当代理人：Who's going to
deputize for you when you're on holiday?你去度假时工作由
谁来代理？
dep. u. ty /`dapjetr; 'depjti/n 1 a person, especially one who is
next in rank to the person in command, who has the power to
take charge when the leading person is away 副手；代理人：John
will be my deputy while I am away. 我不在的时候工作将由约
翰代理。[ the deputy-headmistress of the school 学校的女副
校长 2 a member of the lower house of parliament in certain
countries, such as France〔法国等国的)下议院议员，众议员 3(in
the US) a person who has been appointed to help a SHERIFF(美
0462
国的〕县司法长官的副手
de·rail /di`rel: di:'reil/ y [T] to cause (a train) to run off the
railway line 使出轨：The 9. 45 from Penzance was derailed by
rocks placea on the line. 9点45分从彭赞斯开出的列车因撞上
放置在铁轨上的石块而出轨。|(fig. 喻) right-wing elements
determinea to derail the peace process决意要破坏和平进程
的右翼分子 — ~ment n[C; U]
de-ranged /di`rend3d; di'reind3d/ adj completely unbalanced
in the mind; INSANE 精神错乱[失常]的；疯狂的：a deranged mind
精神错乱|He's totally deranged. 他完全疯了。- -rangement n
[C; U]
der·by /`d3bi; 'da:bi/ n 1 AmE for【美】= BOWLER2 2 especially
AmE a race which any competitor can enter【尤美】公开赛，比
赛：a bicycle derby 自行车大赛 3 (in football and other sports)
a match between two teams based in the same area 〔足球和其
他体育比赛中两支本地参赛队的〕同城比赛，德比大赛：the
Liverpool Derby (=between Liverpool and Everton)利物浦同
城大赛〔利物浦队与艾弗顿队的比赛]
Derby'a city in Derbyshire. It is known for its industries, which
include engineering and CHINA. 德比〔位于德比郡一城市，以机
械和瓷器制造等工业闻名) — see also 另见 CROWN DERBY
Derby2, the a very important yearly horse race held at Epsom
in England in May or June, on a day which is known as Derby
Day 德比马赛〔每年5月或6月在英格兰埃普瑟姆举行的马赛. 
比赛那天称德比马赛日〕 — see also 另见 KENTUCKY DERBY
Der-by-shire /`d3-bife; 'da:bife/ a COUNTY in northern central
England. The PEAK DISTRICT National Park is mainly in
Derbyshire, and is a popular place for tourists, 德比郡〔英格兰
中北部一郡。皮克区国家公园主要位于德比郡，那里是一个旅游胜
地〕
de·reg·u·late /di`ragjelet; di:'regjleit/v [T] to remove gov. 
ernment rules and controls from (certain types of business
activity)解除对·的管制，取消对·的控制--lation/dirgje-
`lefen; , di:regj'leifan/ n [U]: the deregulation of air fares 撤
销对飞机票价的管制
der·e·lict'/`dere likt; 'derlikt/ adj (especially of a building)
not used or lived in, and falling into decay or ruin〔尤指建筑
物〕荒废的，被弃置的：a derelict old house 一幢被废弃的旧房
子
derelict2n fml a person, especially an ALCOHOLIC, who has no
home or legal means of support; VAGRANT【正式】无家可归的
人，流浪者〔尤指酒鬼)：Many derelicts in the city live on the
streets. 城市里有许多无家可归的人露宿街头。
der·e·lic. tion /，dere`likfen; der'likfan/ n 1 [C; U] fml failure
to do what one should do【正式】疏忽，渎职：The policeman was
accused of dereliction of duty. 这个警察被指控玩忽职守。2[U]
the state of being derelict 遗弃，废弃
de·ride /di`raid; di'raid/ v [T] fml to laugh at or make fun of
(something considered worthless); RIDICULE【正式】嘲笑；愚弄：
揶揄 — see also 另见 DERISION
de ri-gueur /de ri`g3; de ri:'g3:/ adj [F] Fr proper and neces-
sary according to fashion or custom【法】按照时尚[习俗]的，
合宜的，合乎礼节的：That sort of hat is de rigueur at a formal
wedding. 在正式婚礼场合，戴这种帽子是合宜的
de. ri. sion /di`ri3en; di'ri3an/ n [U] the act of deriding, espe
cially by unkind laughter 嘲笑；嘲弄：They greeted his sugges
tion with derision. 他们嘲笑他提出的建议。
de·ri-sive /dr`raisiv; di'raisiv/ also 又作 derisory -adj show
ing derision 嘲笑的，嘲弄的：derisive laughter嘲弄的笑声—
~ly adv
de. ri·so. ry /di`raiseri; di'raiseri/ adj 1 so useless, ineffective. 
or small that it cannot be taken seriously; deserving derision
〔因无用、无效、渺小而〕招人嘲笑的；可笑的：They described the
latest pay offer as ‘derisory', 他们把最近提出的薪酬建议称为
“可笑之至”。2 showing derision 嘲笑的，嘲弄的 - -rily adv
der·i·va·tion /dre`vefen; der'veifan/ n 1 [C; U] the point or
origin from which something comes 由来，起源，出处：What is
the derivation of this word?这个词的词源是什么？2 [U] the
process of deriving 派生过程
de. riv. a. tive1/de`rivetiv; di'rivetiv/ adj usually derog not origi. 
nal or new because of copying or showing the influence of
others【一般贬】无独创性的，无新意的：模仿他人的； a very de-
rivative style of painting/writing 刻意模仿他人的绘画[写作]
风格 — ~ly adv
derivative2n [(of)] something that is based on or formed from
something else of the same type 派生物，衍生物：French is a
derivative of Latin. 法语是从拉丁语派生出来的。| herc is a
derivative of morphine. 海洛因是吗啡的一种衍生物。
de·rive /de`raiv; di'raiv/v
derive from phr v[T] 1 [(=derive sthg. from sbdy. /sthg. )]
to obtain (especially something non-material) from 从·得到
〔尤指非物质的东西)：He derives a lot of pleasure from meet-
ing new people. 他从结识新交中得到许多乐趣。| This word is
derivea from Latin. 这个词来自拉丁语。2[(=deriv from
sthg. )] to come from; have as an origin 来自；起源于：The word
'deride' derives from Latir. “deride”一词源出拉丁语。| His
power derives mainly from his popularity with the army. 他
的权力主要来自他在军队中的威望。 — see also 另见 DERIVA-
TION - derivable adj
der·ma·ti·tis /d3me`taitis; d3:me'taits/ n [U] a disease of the
skin, marked by redness, swelling, and pain 皮（肤）炎 — see
also另见 CONTACT DERMATITIS
der·ma·tol·o·gy/, d3·me`taled3i; d3:me'toled3i/n [U] the sci-
entific study of the skin, especially of its diseases and their
treatment 皮肤（病）学 - -gist n
de·rog·ate /`dre, get; 'deregeit/v
derogate from sthg. phr v [T] fml to lessen (a valuable
quality, a right etc); DETRACT from【正式】减损，毁损，贬低
de·rog·a·to·ry /di`rage tori; di'rogetari/ adj fml showing or
causing dislike or lack of respect. Derogatory words and phrases
are marked derog in this dictionary. 【正式】有损的；贬低的；轻
蔑的；贬义的〔贬义词在本辞典中用derog 标明)：He made de-
rogatory remarks about the government's economic policy. 
他发表了诋毁政府经济政策的言论。--rily /di`rage, torili; di-
'rogeterli/ adv
der. rick/darik; 'derik/ n 1 a CRANE for lifting and moving heavy
weights, e. g. into or out of a ship 动臂起重机：人字起重杆 2 a
tower built over an oil well to raise and lower the DRILL油井
架，钻塔
der-ring-do /`derin `du; derin 'du:/ n [U] old use or humor
courageous action without thought of danger【旧或幽】大胆行
为，蛮勇
Der-ry /`deri; 'deri/ 1 a COUNTY in the west of Northern Ire-
land 德里〔北爱尔兰西部一郡〕 2 another name for the city of
LONDONDERRY in Northern Ireland, used especially by the Ro-
man Catholic population 德里〔爱尔兰北部城市伦敦德里的别称，
尤为天主教信徒所使用〕
derv /d3v; d3:v/ BrE trademark an oil product used in DIESEI
ENGINES【英，商标】柴油，重油
der·vish /`d3vif; 'd3:vif/ n a member of any of a number of
Muslim religious groups. Some dervishes are famous for danc-
ing, spinning around, and shouting loudly as religious practices; 
they are known as whirling dervishes. 〔伊斯兰教的)托钵僧，
苦修僧人〔有些托钵僧在礼拜仪式上跳舞、转身、高声喊叫，人称旋
转托钵僧
de·sal·i-nate/di`saele net; di:'saelneit/ v [T] to remove salt from
(especially sea water) so that it can be used at home and in
factories 除去〔尤指海水)的盐分 - -nation /di saele`nefen; di:-
sael'neifan/ n [U]
de·scale /di`skel; di:'skeil/ v [T] to remove unwanted chalky
matter (SCALE2(2) from the inside of 除去··里面的水垢[锅
垢，水锈]：This kettle needs to be descaled. 这只水壶需要清除
水垢。
des. cant/daskaent; 'deskaent/ n [C; U] 1 music sung or played
at the same time as the main music and usually higher 〔与主曲
同时伴唱或伴奏的)分部旋律；装饰音；变奏 2 high music; sO-
PRANO or TREBLE3(2)高音部
Des·cartes/de`kart; 'deika:t/, Re·ne/re`ne; re'nei/(1596-1650)
a French MATHEMATICIAN and PHILOSOPHER famous for es-
tablishing the principle of 'cogito ergo sum'(=I think, there-
fore I am), that is, I know that I exist because I know that I
think 笛卡儿〔(1596-1650)，法国数学家和哲学家，以提出“我思
故我在”的原则出名〕
*de·scend /di`send; di'send/ y [I; T] rather fml to come, fall, or
sink from a higher to a lower level; go down【较正式】走下；下
来；下降：The sun descended behind the hills. 太阳下山了。
The Oueen descended the stairs. 女王走下楼梯。| I want to
talk about all these points in descending order of importance. 
我要逐一谈谈这几点，重要的先讲，不太重要的后讲。-opposite
反义词 ascend — see also 另见 DESCENT
descend on/upon sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 (of a group of
people) to attack 〔结伙〕袭击：Armed thieves descended on the
helpless travellers. 一群武装盗贼袭击了无依无靠的旅客。2 to
arrive, especially in large numbers, to visit or stay with, often
unexpectedly 突然来临；（尤指大批人）突然来访：The whole fam
ily descended on us at Christmas. 圣诞节他们全家突然来我家
作客。
descend to sthg. phr v [T+obj/v-ing] to lower oneself to (a
dishonourable or unpleasant level of behaviour)降低身份到：
堕落到，沦为，自贬到：I didn't expect him to descend to per-
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sonal abuse/to abusing me personally. 我没料到他会堕落到
对我进行人身攻击的地步
de·scen·dant /di`sendent; di'sendent/ n [(of)] a person (or
animal)that has another as grandfather or grandmother, great
grandfather etc 〔指人或动物〕子孙，后代，后裔：He is a descen
dant of Oueer Victoric, 他是维多利亚女王的后裔。- com-
pare 比较 ANCESTOR
de·scend·ed /dr`sendid; dr'sendd/ adj [F+from] having the
stated person or animal as grandfather or grandmother, great-
grandfather etc. Some people are very proud of the people they
are descended from. 为··之后裔的，系出··的〔有些人以自己的
祖先而自豪)：She claims to be descended from George
Washington. 她声称自己是乔治·华盛顿的后裔。
de-scent /di`sent; di'sent/ n 1 a [C; U] the process of going
down 下降；降下；沦落：We watched anxiously (during) her
descent from the tree. 我们焦急地看着她从树上下来。(fig. 
喻) his descent into a life of crime 他沉沦于罪恶的生活 b [C
a way down; downward slope, path etc 下坡（路） ； a steep de. 
scent 向下的陡坡 — opposite 反义词 ascent 2 [U] family ori
gins of the stated type 血统，出身，世系，门第：She is of Ger
man descent. 她祖籍是德国。3 [S; U] a sudden and especially
unwelcome visit or attack 〔尤指不受欢迎的)突然访问；袭击； the
annual descent on the city of thousands of tourists 每年数以
千计的旅游者对该城市的突然来访
thing is like; give a picture of in words 叙述；描述；描写；形容：
The police asked me to describe the two men. 警察叫我描述那
两名男人的样子。| [+wh-] Try to describe exactly how it
happened. 尽量准确地描述一下这事是怎样发生的。| The seller
described it as a vintage car, but I'd call it an old wreck. 卖主把
车说成是一辆古色古香的名贵轿车，但我把它叫做破旧车。2 fml or
tech to draw or move in the shape of【正式或术语】画出〔图形)：
形成··的形状：to describe a circle within a square 在正方形
中画一个圆 | The falling star described a long curve in the
sky. 流星在空中画出一道长长的弧线。 — see also 另见 DESCRIP-
TION
giving) a statement or account that describes _描述：描写：叙述
形容：The police have issued a detailed description of the
missing woman. 警方发布通告，对那个失踪女人的特征作了详细
的描述。| This book gives a good description of life on a
farm. 这本书对农庄生活作了出色的描述。2 [C] a sort or kind
种类，类型：The hall was packed with people of every descrip-
tion/all descriptions. 大厅里挤满了各种各样的人。| I think it's
a bird of some description. 我认为它是某种鸟类。3 beyond
description (used to add force to what one is saving)无法形容
〔用于加强语气)，难以形容：The play was boring beyond
description. 那出戏沉闷得难以形容。
的；描写的：说明的：descriptive writing 描写| a descriptive
passage in a novel 小说中的描写性段落 2 [no comp. 无比较
级] tech describing how a language is used【术语】描述语言用
法的，叙述性的，说明性的：a descriptive grammar of English
英语描写性语法 — compare 比较 PRESCRIPTIVE (1) — ~ly adv
 — ~ness n [U]
de-scry /di`skrai; di'skrai/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进
行式] lit to notice or see (especially something distant)【文】远
远看出[看到]
Des·de·mo·na /. dezdi`mone; dezd'meune/ the main female
character in the play OTHELLO by William SHAKESPEARE. She
is Othello's wife, and Othello kills her because his enemy, Iago. 
makes him believe that she is having a sexual relationship with
another man, although she is not doing this, 苔丝德蒙娜〔威廉
莎士比亚戏剧《奥赛罗》中的女主人公，奥赛罗之妻。奥赛罗因受
敌人伊阿古之骗，误信她与别人通奸而将她杀死
des·e·crate desi kret; 'desikreit/ v [T] to use (something holy)
for purposes which are not holy 把〔圣物)供俗用；亵渎：to des
ecrate a church by using it as a stable 把教堂用作马厩来亵渎
教堂 - -cration /dsi`krefen; , desi'kreifan/ n [S; U]
de·seg-re·gate /di`sagreget; di:'segrigeit/ v [T] to end racial or
sexual SEGREGATION in (e. g. a school). In the US desegrega-
tion of schools was a big political and legal problem, espe-
cially in the 1950s and 1960s. 废除〔学校等〕的种族隔离〔在美
国，尤其是20世纪50、60年代，废除学校中的种族隔离是一个重
大的政治和法律问题) — see also 另见 BUS2(1) - -gation /di-
sgre`gefen; di:segri'geifan/n[U]
de·se·lect /disi`lakt; di:s'lekt/ v [T] to refuse to choose (a
person)for a job, place in a team etc that they have previously
done or had 辞退，开除 -- -tion n [C; U]
de·sen·si·tize, also 又作 -tise BrE【英】/di`sanse, taiz; 
di:'senstaiz/ ν [T] to make less sensitive to light, pain etc 使减
少感光度；使减少敏感性；使感觉迟钝：to desensitize photo-
graphic material使摄影材料减低感光度| I think children are
becoming desensitized to violence through watching too much
onTV. 我认为孩子因为在电视上看得太多暴力事件而对此越来越
麻木了。-- -tization /di sensete`zefen; di:senstai'zeifan/n [U]
*des. ert' /`dazot; 'dezet/ n 1 a large sandy piece of land where
there is very little rain and usually not much plant life 沙漠
te saharc Desert_撒哈拉沙漠 | a hot desert wind_沙漠热风
— see colour picture on page A20 参见 A20页彩图 2 a place
that is cheerless and without activity 枯燥乏味的地方；荒凉的
境地：a cultural desert 文化沙漠 — see also 另见 DESERTS
de·sert2 /di`z3t; di'z3:t/ v 1 [T] to leave empty or leave com-
pletely 离弃，舍弃，丢弃；擅离：The guard deserted his post. 卫
兵擅自离开了他的岗位。| the silent deserted streets of the city
at night 晚上空寂无人的城市街道 2 [T] to leave at a difficult
time or in a cruel way, especially with the intention of not
returning; ABANDON 背弃；遗弃：The baby's mother deserted
him soon after giving birth. 那个母亲生下婴儿后不久就把他遗
弃了。| All my friends have deserted me! 我所有的朋友都背弃
了我！ |(fig. 喻) When he had to speak his confidence sud-
denly deserted him. 当他不得不发言时，他突然失去了信心。3[
(from)] to leave military service without permission 开小差，
当逃兵
de·sert·er /di`z3to; di'z3:te/ n a person who leaves military
service without permission 开小差的人；逃兵：Deserters were
shot without mercy. 逃兵都被毫不留情地枪毙了。
de·ser·tion /di`z3fen; di'z3:fan/ n [C; U] (an example of) the
act of leaving one's duty, one's family, or military service with-
out permission, especially with the intention of never return-
ing 离弃；遗弃；擅离职守；开小差：After two years he divorcea
his wife on the grounds of her desertion. 两年后，他以妻子遗
弃家庭为理由同她离婚了。
desert is-land /· ··/ n a small tropical island a long way from
other land and with no one living there. Desert islands are
thought of as being rather ROMANTIC(2) places, with sun, warm
seas, and plenty of food and water available, perfect places to
escape from the worries and responsibilities of ordinary life. 
荒岛〔指远离陆地、无人居住的热带小岛。那里被认为是一个浪漫
的地方，阳光明媚、海水温暖、有充足的食物和食水，是逃避俗世烦
恼和负担的理想地方〕
Desert Island Discs /·. ·'/ a British radio programme in
which famous people talk with the PRESENTER about their lives
and choose the eight records they would like to have with them
if they were left alone on a DESERT ISLAND (=a small tropica
island with no one living on it). They are also allowed to choose
one book (not the Bible or SHAKESPEARE, since these are al-
ready on the island) and one LUXURY (=something that you
have just for pleasure and enjoyment) to take with them. 《荒岛
金曲》〔英国的一档广播节目，其中有名人与主持人谈论他们的生
活，并假设若被留在热带荒岛上，他们会挑选的八张唱片。他们还
能带一本书（除《圣经》和莎士比亚作品以外，因为这些在岛上已经
有了)和一件奢侈品〕
Desert Or. chid /. · '·/ a British racehorse which won many
important races in the 1980s_沙漠兰花〔英国一赛马，曾在20世
纪80年代赢得许多重大比赛〕
Desert Rat /，. '/ n 1 a British soldier who fought in North
Africa in World War II 沙漠之鼠〔指第二次世界大战期间在北
非作战的英国士兵)2 a British soldier who fought in the GULF
WAR in 1991 沙漠之鼠〔指1991年参加海湾战争的英国士兵〕
de·serts /di`z3·ts; di'z3:ts/ n [P] what someone deserves, espe
cially if bad 应得的报应 [惩罚]：He eventually got his just
deserts, 他终于受到了应有的惩罚。
*de·serve /di`z3v; di'z3:v/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进
行式]1 to have earned by one's actions or character; be wor
thy of 应受，应得，值得：You've been working all morning -
you deserve a rest. 你已干了一个上午 —-该休息一下了。| [+to-
v] She deserved to win/to be punished. 她应当赢 [应受惩罚]。
2 deserve well/ill of fml to deserve to be treated well/badly by
【正式】值得受到·的礼遇[冷落]
de·serv·ed·ly /dr`z3·yidli; di'z3:ydli/ ady rightly 理所当然地，
应得地：She's made a lot of money, and deservedly so. 她赚了
不少钱，也理当如此。 — opposite 反义词 undeservedly
de-serv. ing /di`z3vin; di'z3:vin/ adj worthy of support or help
应受支持的：值得帮助的：应得到··的；to give money to desery-
ing causes such as children's charities 把钱捐给儿童慈善机
构等应受支持的事业 |[F+of] (fml 正式) He is deserving of
the highest praise for his conduct during the hijack. 鉴于他在
飞机被劫持时的表现，他应受到高度赞扬。 — ~ly ady
dés·ha·bil·lé /d8ze`bil; deizae'bi:ei/ BrE【英】‖also又作 dis
0464
habille AmE【美】— n [U] the state of being only partly dressed
This word is usually used of a woman, often with the sug-
gestion that she is deliberately trying to excite a man, 裸露
的装扮：衣衫不整〔该词常用来指女性，有故意挑逗的含义)：She
came to the door in (a state of) déshabillé. 她衣着不整地来
到门口。
des·ic. cant /desokent: 'desakent/n tech a chemical substance
that makes things dry【术语】干燥剂
des·ic. cate /`dse ket; 'deskeit/ v[T] fml to dry, especially as
a way of preserving【正式】使干燥；使脱水；用干燥法保存：des
iccated coconut 干椰子肉
de·sid·e·ra·tum /di, side`retem; di, zide'reitem/n pl. -ta /-te; -te/
fml something desired as necessary【正式】急需的事物，迫切的
需求
de-sign1/di`zain; di'zain/ v 1 [I; T] to make a drawing or pat
tern of (something that will be made or built); develop and
draw the plans for 绘制··的图样，设计；构思：to design (dresses)
for a famous shop 为一家有名的商店设计 （服装） | Who designed
the Sydney Opera House? 设计悉尼歌剧院的人是谁？ 2 [T of
ten pass. 常用被动语态] to plan or develop for a certain pur-
pose or use 计划，筹划；设置：a book designed mainly for use
in colleges 一本主要供大学使用的书 | [+obj+to-v] The build
ng has been specially designed to provide easy access for
people in wheelchairs. 这座建筑物设计时就作了专门安排, 为
坐轮椅的人修筑方便通道。- — see also 另见 DESIGNER`
design2n 1 [C] a drawing or pattern showing how something is
to be made 图样，图案；设计图；草图；图纸：Have you seen the
lates designs for the new library?你见过新图书馆的几款最
新设计图样吗？2 [U] also 又作 designing - the art of making
such drawings or patterns 设计技巧：a course in dress design
服装设计课程 3[U] the arrangement of the parts in any man
made product, such as a machine or a work of art, as this influ-
ences the product's practical usefulness, artistic quality etc〔机
器、艺术品等的)设计：The success of this car shows the im
portance of good design in helping to sell the product. 这种
汽车的畅销表明精良的设计对打开产品销路的重要性。4JC]a
decorative pattern, especially one that is not repeated 装饰图
案：a carpet with a floral design in the centre 中间有花卉装饰
图案的地毯 5 [C] a plan in the mind; SCHEME 意图，目的，打算
6 by design as a result of purposeful planning; intentionally
故意地，蓄意地，有目的[计划] 地：She arrived just as we were
leaving, but whether this was by accident or by design I'm
not sure. 她刚好在我们正要离开时到达，但我不能肯定这是出于
偶然还是有意安排。一 see also 另见 DESIGNEDLY. DESIGNS
des·ig·nate1/`dzig net; 'dezigneit/ v [T] 1 to choose or name
for a particular job or purpose 选派；指定；任命：[+obj+as/n]
The Town Hall has been designated (as) an emergency feed
ing centre in the event of an enemy attack, 市政厅已被指定作
为万一遭到敌人进攻时的紧急食物供应中心。| [+obj+to-v] She
has been designated to take over the position of party
chairman, 她被选定接任党主席的职务。2 fml to poir out of
call by a special name【正式】标明，指明，指出：These crosses
on the drawing designate all the possible entrances to the
castle. 图上的十字形记号标明那座城堡所有可能的入口
des·ig·nate2/^dazignit; 'dezignt/ adj [after n 用于名词后]fml
chosen for an office but not yet officially placed in it【正式】被
指定而尚未就职的，候任的：the minister designate 候任部长
designated driv. er /. ·. ·/ n [C] AmE infml someone who
agrees to drive their friends and not drink alcohol when they
go out together to a party, bar etc【美，非正式】指定驾驶者〔指
外出聚会、上酒吧等的时候同意为朋友开车因而不喝酒的人〕
designated hit·ter /，· '·/ also又作 dh- n (in the game of
BASEBALL) a BATTER who replaces the PITCHER when it is his
turn to hit. The rule allowing a designated hitter is used in the
American LEAGUE but not in the National LEAGUE. (棒球中的)
指定击球员〔指轮到击球时担任投手的击球手，该规则用于美国棒
球联盟而不用于全国棒球联盟中
des·ig·na·tion/dezig`nefen; dezig'neifan/ n1 [U (of, as)] the
act of designating 选派，指定；标出，指明 2 [C] fml a name or
title【正式】名称；称号；称呼：Her official designation is Re
search editor. 她的正式职称是研究编辑。
de-sign. ed. ly /di`zainidli; di'zaindli/ adv on purpose; inten
tionally 有意地，故意地
de. sign. er'/di`zaine; di'zaine/n a person who makes plans or
patterns, especially professionally 设计师；图案设计师；打样师
制图员：a designer of aircraft engines 飞机发动机设计师| a
dress designer 服装设计师
designer2 adj [A] 1 made by and usually carrying the name of
a well-known designer 由专门设计师设计的；标有设计师名字
的：designer jeans/sheets 标有设计师名字的牛仔裤[被单]2
often humor or derog intended to make the user appear ex-
tremely fashionable【常幽或贬】有意令使用者显得时髦的；装门
面的：显示派头的：designer stubble/socialism 故意不刮胡子以
显得时髦；装门面的社会主义 3 changed by GENETIC ENGINEER-
ING 通过基因工程改变的：a designer virus 一种基因被改变的
病毒
designer drug /·'· ·/ n a drug that is produced artificially that
has effects similar to those of illegal drugs such as COCAINE or
HEROIN, but is not illegal itself 化合致幻药〔作用类似于毒品可
卡因或海洛因的人工合成药品，但其本身并不是违禁药品
de. sign. ing1/di`zainin; di'zainin/ adj derog intending to
deceive; cleverly dishonest【贬】有阴谋的；诡计多端的，狡猾的
a designing woman who's only after your money 只图谋你的
钱的狡猾女人
designing2n [U] DESIGN2(2)设计技巧
de·signs /di'zainz; di'zainz/ n [P (on, upon)] clever and dis-
honest plans, especially to get possession of something 企图
图谋；阴谋；野心：He has designs on your money/your job. 他
在打你的钱[你的职位]的主意
*de·sir·a·ble /di`zairebl; di'zaierebal/ adj1 worth having, doing
or desiring 称心的，理想的，合意的；吸引人的：a desirable house
幢称心如意的房子 | For this job it is desirable to know some
thing/desirable that you know something about medicine. 干
这项工作（你）最好能懂点医学。 — compare 比较UNDESIRABLE
2 causing sexual desire 引起性欲的；有性感魅力的：a beautiful
and desirable woman 美丽诱人的女人 - -bly adv - -bility 
di, zaire`bileti; di, zaiere'bilti/n [U]
*de-sire'/di`zair; di'zaie/ y [T not in progressive forms 不用进
行式] fml【正式】1 to wish, want, or hope for, very much 渴望，
期望，希望，想要：We all desire happiness. 我们都渴望幸福。
+to-v/that] The Queen desires to see you at oncelthat you
(should) come at once, 女王很想马上见你[希望你立即来]。
[+obj+to-v] She desires you to come at once. 她盼望你立即
来。| The standard of cooking here leaves a lot to be desired
(=is not very satisfactory)这里的烹饪水准还有许多有待提高之
处。 — compare 比较 WANT, WISH 2 to wish to have sexual
relations with 想与··发生性关系
*desire2n 1 [C; U (for)] a strong hope or wish 愿望，欲望，心愿
The two leaders spoke of their desire for improved relations
两位领袖谈到了他们改善关系的愿望。| [+to-y/that] He ex-
pressed a desire to see the papers/that the papers should be
made public. 他表示极想看到这些文件；他表示很希望这些文件
能公之于世。| We must take into account the desires of our
members. 我们必须考虑到我们会员的愿望。2[C; U(for)]a
strong wish for sexual relations with 情欲，性欲 3 [C usually
sing. 一般用单数] something or someone that is desired 想望的
事物[人]：What is your greatest desirelyour heart's desire?
你最渴望[你心中渴望]的东西是什么？
□USAGE 用法说明 You can have a desire for anything. 
对任何东西的欲望都可以用 desire 来表示：a desire for
success(取得成功的欲望) | a desire to attenc the meet-
ing （参加会议的愿望）。Appetite is used for things of the
body, especially food. 表示对身体所需东西的欲望，尤指对
食物的胃口，要用 appetite: The baby has a good/healthy
appetite. (=likes eating)(这婴儿的胃口很好。)A craving is
a strong desire, especially for things which are thought to
be bad. craving表示一种强烈的欲望，尤指对被认为是不好
的东西的欲望：a craving for cigarettes(想吸烟的强烈欲
望)。Lust is a very strong and usually derogatory word. 
lust 是个语气非常强烈的词，而且通常为贬义：the lust for
power/sex(权力欲；淫欲)。
de·sir-ous /di`zaires; di'zaieres/ adj [F+of] fml feeling a desire:
having a strong wish【正式】渴望·的；想得到·的；希望··的：
desirous of wealth/fame渴望财富[名声]
de. sist /di`zist; di'zist/ v [I (from)] fml to stop doing; not do
any more【正式】停止（做），不再（做）；断念：The judge told the
man to desist from threatening his wife. 法官叫那男子不得再
对妻子进行威胁
desk/dask; desk/ n 1 a piece of furniture rather like a table
often with drawers, at which one reads, writes, or does busi-
ness 书桌，办公桌，写字台 2 a place, e. g. in an airport or hotel. 
where information is provided, questions are answered etc〔机
场、旅馆等的)问讯台；服务台：the airport information desk机
场问讯处 | Leave your key at the reception desk. 请把钥匙留
在服务台。| (AmE 美) a desk clerk in a hotel 旅馆服务台的接
待员
de-skill /，'/ν[T] 1 to remove or reduce the skill in (a job)
usually by changing to machinery〔通过转向机械化〕使〔工作)
0465
技能要求丧失[减少] 2 to prevent (a worker) from using skil
through changes in the patterns or processes of making
something〔通过改变形式或流程〕阻止〔工人〕运用技能
desk·top pub. lish·ing /desktap`pablifin; desktop 'pablifin
also 又作 DTP — n [U] using a small computer in offices and
similar places to DESIGN and write papers, advertisements
books, magazines etc, until they are ready for printing, some-
times using only one person or very few people 桌上电脑出版
系统：The availability of reasonably-priced computers and
laser printers has made the use of desktop publishing pack
ages a reality. 有了价钱合理的电脑和激光打印机，使得桌面出
版组件的应用成为现实
desk·work /`desk w3k: 'deskw3:k/ n [U] often derog office
work; work done at a desk【常贬】办公室工作；案头工作
des·o·late'/`deslit: 'deselet/ adj1 (of a place) sad and without
people or comfort 〔地方〕荒凉的；荒芜的；无人居住的：a deso
late old house 无人居住的旧房子 2 (of a person) very sad
through loss of hope, friends etc 〔人〕忧伤的，孤独的，凄凉的
see 参见 ALONE (USAGE) — ~ly adv - -lation /，dsl`efen:
dese'leifan/ n [U]
des·o·late2 /`das] et; 'deseleit/ v [T usually pass. 一般用于被动
语态] to make desolate 使荒凉，使··无人烟：使忧伤：使孤独：She
was desolated by the death of her husband, 丈夫去世使她感
到十分孤单。| desolated streets 荒凉的街道
de So. to /de`soto; de'seuteu/, Her. nan. do /ha`naendo:
he'naendeu/(?1500-1542) a Spanish EXPLORER who discov
ered the Mississippi River 德索托〔(？1500-1542)，发现密西西
比河的西班牙探险家〕
de. spair1 /di`spar; di'spee/ v [I (of)] to lose all hope or
confidence 〔对··)绝望；丧失信心； Don't despair; things will
get better soon!不要丧失信心，情况很快就会好转的！| I de
spair of ever passing my driving test! 我对通过驾驶执照的考
试已不抱任何希望。| She received the news with a despair
ing sigh. 她在得知这消息时，发出了绝望的叹息。 — ~ingly adv
despair2n [U] 1 complete loss of hope or confidence 绝望
Defeat after defeat filled us with despairldrove us into the
depths of despair. 一次又一次的失败使我们完全绝望了。2[(of)]
something that causes this feeling 使人绝望的事物：He is the
despair of his teacher because he refuses to study. 他由于不
肯学习，使老师感到大为失望。
de·spatch /di`spaetf; di'spaetf/ n, v = DISPATCH
de·spatch. es /di`spaetfiz; di'spaetfz/ n = DISPATCHES
des·pe·ra·do /despe`redo; despe'ra: deu/ n pl. -does or -dos
a violent criminal who fears no danger 亡命之徒，暴徒
des-per·ate /desperit; 'despart/ adj 1 ready for any wild act
and not caring about danger, especially because of loss of hope
RECKLESS〔尤指因绝望而〕不顾一切的, 拼死的:a desperate
criminal 不顾死活的罪犯 2 [F (for)] suffering extreme need
anxiety, or loss of hope 极需要的；极焦急的；绝望的：She's des
perate for work/for money. 她极渴望得到工作 [钱]。| [+to-v
They're desperate to escape. 他们急于想逃跑。 3 (of an actio'
full of risk or danger; done as a last attempt and with little
hope of success 〔行动〕充满危险的；铤而走险的，孤注一掷的：a
ast desperate attempt to save the company旨在挽救公司的最
后孤注一掷的努力| desperate measures 铤而走险的措施 4 (of
a situation) extremely difficult and dangerous; GRAVE(情况)
危急的，极严重的：The country is in a desperate state. 国家处
于非常危急的困境。| a desperate shortage of food 食物的严
重短缺 — ~ly ady; He glanced around desperately. 他绝望地
朝四周扫了一眼。| I'm desperately sorry. 我感到非常难过。
Desperate Dan /，. . '/ a character in the British COMIC The
DANDY. He is a very large, friendly COWBOY who eats very
large meat PIES called 'cow pies'. Dan does not realize how
strong he is, and he often breaks things by accident. 拼命三郎
丹〔英国连环漫画杂志《漂亮少年》中的人物，一位魁梧、友善的放
牛郎，吃一种叫做“cow pie”的特大馅饼，他没有意识到自己有多
么强壮，所以经常不小心把东西弄坏
Des·per·ate. ly Seek·ing Su·san /desperitli sikin`suzn: des-
partli, si:kin 'su:zan/ (1985) an American film in which the
popular music singer Madonna acted the part of a young woman
called Susan《不要命地寻找苏珊》〔(1985)，美国电影，流行音乐
歌手麦当娜在其中饰演青年女子苏珊一角〕
des·per·a·tion /，dspe`refen; , despe'reifan/ n [U] the state of
being desperate 不顾一切；铤而走险；绝望：He kicked at the
door in desperation. 他拼命踢门
des·pic·a·ble /despikebl: di'spikebal/ adi deserving to be des. 
pised; CONTEMPTIBLE 可鄙的，卑鄙的：despicable behaviour/
cowards 可鄙的行为[懦夫] - -bly adv
de·spise /di`spaiz; di'spaiz/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用
进行式] to regard as worthless, bad, or completely without good
qualities; feel extreme dislike and disrespect for 藐视，轻视，鄙
视；厌恶
de·spite /di`spait; di'spait/ prep fml in spite of; not prevented
by【正式】不管；尽管，任凭：He came to the meeting despite his
illness. (=though he was ill) 尽管生病，他还是来参加会议。
Demand for these cars is high, despite their high price. 尽管
这些汽车价钱昂贵，对它们的需求仍然很高。
de·spoil /di`spoil; di'spoil/ v [T (of)] fml or lit to steal from
using force, especially in time of war; PLUNDER【正式或文】〔尤
指战时)抢劫，掠夺：The victorious army despoiled the city of
all its treasures. 获胜军队掠夺了那城市的全部财宝。
de·spon·dent /di`spandent; di'spondent/ adj[(about, at)] com-
pletely without hope and courage; feeling that no improvement
is possible〔对··)失望的，泄气的，灰心的；沮丧的：She's become
very despondent about her prospects of getting another job. 
她对找到别的工作已不抱任何希望。 — ~ly adv - -dency n [U]
des. pot /despet; 'despot/ n a person who has all the power of
government and uses it unjustly and cruelly; TYRANT专制统治
者：暴君：She rules her family like a real despot. 她治家简直像
个暴君。 — ~ic /dr`spatik; di'spotik/ adj — ~ically /-k]i; -kli/
adv
des·pot·is·m /`despet, izem; 'despetizam/ n [U] rule by a des. 
pot 暴政：独裁制，专制统治
des res /，dez `raz; dez 'rez/ n BrE infml desirable RESIDENCE:
a house that has desirable qualities; used mainly in house ad
vertisements【英，非正式】理想住宅〔主要在住宅广告中使用〕
des·sert /di`z3t; di'z3:t/ n [C: U] (a) sweet food served after the
main part of a meal〔正餐后的〕甜食，甜点心
des·sert·spoon /di`z3t, spun; di'z3:tspu:n/n especially BrE【尤
英】1 a spoon between the sizes of a TEASPOON and
TABLESPOON, used for eating dessert 点心匙，中匙 2 also 又作
des·sert·spoon·ful /-ful; -ful/ (pl. -spoonfuls, -spoonsful) -
the amount held by a dessertspoon, equal to about two tea-
spoonfuls(TEASPOON)中匙之量〔约等于两茶匙)
dessert wine /'/ n [C; U] a sweet wine served with dessert
or between meals〔吃甜食时或两餐之间饮的〕甜酒
de·sta·bil·ize, also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/di`stebe laiz; di:'steiblaiz
v [T] to make less firm or steady, especially politically 使〔尤
指政治上〕不稳定[不安定]：使··动摇：a deliberate attempt to
destabilize the economy of a rival country 蓄意动摇竞争国的
经济的企图--ization /distebele`zefen; di:steiblai'zeifan/
n [U]
des·ti·na·tion /deste`nefen; dest'neifan/n a place to which
someone is going or to which something is sent, especially at
the end of a long journey 目的地，终点；收件人的地址：The par
cel was sent to the wrong destination. 包裹寄错了地方。[ We
eventually arrived at our destination. 我们终于到达了目的地，
des·tined /destind; 'destnd/ adj1 [(for)] intended, especially
by fate, for some special purpose 预定的；注定的，命定的：des·
tined for an acting career 注定要从事演员生涯的 | [F+to-v
They were destined (by fate) never to see each other again
他们命中注定再也不能相见。| Medicine is her destined
profession. 医学是她注定要从事的职业。2 [F(for)] having as
a destination 目的地为··的；开往·的：a ship destined for
America 开往美国的船
des·ti·ny /`desteni; 'destani/n 1 [C] fate; what must happen
and cannot be changed or controlled 命运；天命，天数：It was
the great man's destiny to lead his country to freedom. 那位
伟人命中注定要领导他的国家获得自由。2[U](often cap. 常用
大写) the power that decides the course of events, thought of
as a person or a force 主宰事物进程的力量；命运之神：Destiny
is sometimes cruel. 命运之神有时是残酷的
des·ti·tute /deste tiut: 'destatiu:t/ adj 1 without food, clothing. 
shelter etc, or the money to buy them; extremely poor 贫困的，
赤贫的 2 [F+of] fml lacking in; completely without【正式】缺
乏··的，没有·的；毫无·的：She was destitute of human feeling
她毫无人的感情。- -tution /deste`tjufen; dest'tju:[an/n [U]
*de·strov /di`stror: di'stroi/ v [T] 1 to damage (something) so
severely that it cannot be repaired; put an end to the existence
of; ruin 破坏，毁坏；摧残；消灭：The fire destroyed most of the
building, 大火把这座建筑物几乎烧毁了。| All hopes of a peace-
ful settlement were destroyed by his speech. 和平解决的一切
希望都被他的讲话给毁了。2 euph to kill (an animal), especially
one that is sick or badly hurt【婉】杀死〔尤指生病、受伤的动物〕-
see also 另见 DESTRUCTION
de·stroy·er /di`stroie; di'stroie/n 1 a person who destroys 破
坏者，消灭者 2 a small fast warship 驱逐舰
*de-struc. tion /di`strvkfen; di'strakfan/ n [U] 1 the act of de
stroying or state of being destroyed破坏；毁灭；消灭；灭亡； the
destruction of the South American rain forest 火灾对森林的
0466
破坏 | The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction. 敌
人的炸弹造成广泛的破坏。2 fml something that destroys【正式】
破坏物；毁灭的原因：Drink was her destruction. 喝酒是她毁掉
的原因。
de·struc. tive /di`straktiv; di'straktiv/ adj 1 causing destruc
tion 酿成毁灭的：破坏性的：毁灭性的；a destructive storm毁灭
性的风暴 | Small children can be very destructive. 小孩子可
能具有很大的破坏性。2 tending to find fault and point out what
is wrong without suggesting improvements 消极的，非建设性
的：destructive criticism 毫无建设性意图的批评 — compare 比
较 CONSTRUCTIVE — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
des·ul·to. ry/`desl tori; 'desaltari/ adj fml not having a particu-
lar plan or purpose【正式】杂乱的；无条理的；无目的的；不连贯
的：a desultory conversation 漫无边际的谈话 - -rily ^desl torili:
'desaltergli/ adv
de tach/di`taetf; di'taetf/ v [T (from)] to separate from a larger
mass or group and usually without violence or damage 分开，
分离，拆开：分遣：You can detach the handle by undoing this
screw. 你拧开螺丝钉就可拆下把手。| The general detached a
small force to go and guard the palace. 将军派遣一支小部队
去保卫宫殿。 — compare 比较 ATTACH — ~able adj: a detach-
able handle 可拆卸的把手
de·tached /di`taetft; di'taet[t/ adj 1 [no comp. 无比较级] espe-
cially BrE (of a house) not connected on any side with any
other building. Many British people think that a detached house
is the best type of house to have. 【尤英】〔房屋〕独栋的：独立式
的，分离的〔许多英国人认为独立式房屋是住宅的最佳选择〕—
compare 比较 SEMIDETACHED 2 not showing much personal
feeling 超然的，客观的；公正的：She has a very detached atti-
tude to her divorce. 她对自己的离婚采取很客观的态度。| a
detachea observer不受他人观点影响的观察者
de. tach. ment /di`taetfment; di'taetfment/ n 1 [U] the act of de. 
taching 拆卸；分开，分离；分遣，派遣 2 [U] the state of being
DETACHED (2)超然；超脱；公平：to adopt an attitude of com-
plete detachment 采取一种完全超然的态度 3 [C+sing. /pl. v] a
group, especially of soldiers, sent from the main group on spe-
cial duty 分遣队；独立小分队；支队：A detachment of troops
was/were ordered to surround the airport, 一支分遣部队受命
包围机场
*de. tail'/ditel; 'di:teil/ n 1 [C] a single point or fact about some-
thing 细节，细目；小事：Everything in her story is correct down
to the smallest detail. 她所讲述的一切都正确无误，连最小的细
节也是如此。| The full details of the agreement have not yet
been made public. 协定的全部细节尚未公布。| If you're in-
terested in the job, I'll send you all the details. 如果你对这工
作感兴趣，我将给你寄去全部详细说明。2[U] such single parts
considered together 各种细节，详情，详细：He has a good eye
for detail and notices almost everything. 他明察秋毫，几乎一
切事情都注意到了。| The colour in that picture is very good, 
but there's too much detail, 那幅画的颜色很好，但琐碎的细节
太多了。| She described the accident in (great) detail, 
(=giving all the details)她（极）详细地描述了那次事故。| Well
without going into detail (=I won't tell you all the details)
we've managed to find a suitable house. 好吧，详情就不说了，
总之我们已设法找到一所合适的房子。3[C+sing. /pl. v]a small
working party of soldiers or sailors〔士兵、水手的〕小组，支队，
分遣队 — ~ed adj; a detailed account of his work 关于他工作
的详细叙述
detail2v [T] 1 to appoint (especially soldiers) to do some spe-
cial duty 选派，派遣〔尤指士兵等)：[+obj+to-v] He detailed
three soldiers to look for water. 他派遣三名士兵去找水 to
give a ful list of 详细说明；详细列举：Could you detail al your
expenses on this form?请把你的各项开支列在这张表格上。
de. tain /di`ten; di'tein/ v [T] 1 to prevent (a person) from leav-
ing for a certain time 拘留，扣押：The police have detained
two men for questioning at the police station, 警方拘留了两
个人在警察局审问。 — see also 另见 DETENTION 2 to delay 留
住，阻留；耽搁：This matter isn't very important, and shouldn't
detain us very long. 这件事情不很重要，不会耽搁我们太久
de·tain·ee /di te`ni; di:tei'ni:/ n a person detained officially. 
especially for political reasons, often in a camp rather than a
prison〔尤指因政治原因的〕被拘留者
de·tas·sel /di`taesl; di:'taesal/ v [I; T] AmE to remove (the flow
ering part) from a male CORN plant in order to prevent it from
breeding【美】除去（玉米的） 雄穗〔以防自交)：Those fields have
to be detasseled this week. 那些田里的玉米这个星期必须除雄
穗了。| a summer job detasseling corn 一份除玉米雄穗的暑
假工作
de·tect /di`tkt; dr'tekt/ v [T] to find out; notice or discover 发
现；发觉，察觉：Small quantities of poison were detected in
the dead man's stomach. 在死者胃中发现了少量毒药。| I de-
tected a note of annoyance in his voice. 我从他的声音中发现
了不耐烦的口气。 — ~able adj
de·tec·tion /di`tkfen; di'tekfan/ n [U] the act or work of de-
tecting 发现；发觉，察觉：His crime escaped detection (=was
not found out) for many years. 他的罪行多年来未被发现。
de·tec·tive/di`tcktiv; di'tektiv/n1
a policeman whose job is to find
detective 侦探
out information that will lead to
criminals being caught. Detectives
usually wear ordinary clothes, not
uniforms. 侦探〔侦探通常穿便装而
不穿制服)：Several plain-clothes
detectives were also sent to the
scene of the crime. 几位便衣侦探
也被派往犯罪现场。 — see also 另
 CID, STORE DETECTIVE 2 a per
son who tries to find out informa-
tion about something, especially a
crime, for someone else, and who
is usually paid by that person. 
There are many famous detectives
in FICTION, among them Sherlock
HOLMES, Hercule POIROT, and
Philip MARLOW. 私家侦探〔小说中
出现过许多著名的私家侦探，其中有
夏洛克·福尔摩斯、赫尔克里·波洛和
菲利普·马洛) — see also 另见 PRIVATE DETECTIVE
detective nov. el /'·. ·/ n a DETECTIVE STORY in the form of a
book侦探小说
detective sto. ry /. '·. . ·/ n a story in which there is usually a
murder and a detective trying to find out who the murderer is
and why it happened 侦探故事
de. tec. tor /di`takto-; di'tekte/ n any instrument for finding out
the presence of something 探测器，侦查器：a metal detector 金
属探测器 — see also 另见 LIE DETECTOR
de·tente /de`tat; dei'tont/ n [C; U] (a state of) calmer political
relations between countries which are unfriendly towards each
other〔国际间紧张关系的〕缓和；缓和的关系
de·ten·tion /di`tenfen; di'tenfan/ n [C; U] 1 the act of detain-
ing someone (DETAIN), especially someone who is believed to
be guilty of a crime, or the state of being detained 拘留，扣押：
the detention of terrorists without trial 未经审判而对恐怖分
子实行的扣押 | They were released from detention without
being charged. 他们被拘留后获释了，没有受到指控。2 the state
of being kept in school after school hours as a punishment. 
usually for disobeying a school rule〔处罚学生的〕放学后留校，
留堂〔一般由于不遵守校规而处罚学生的)：He was kept in de-
tention for talking during class. 他因上课时说话而受到放学后
留校的处罚。| I've had three detentions this semester. 这学期
我已经受到三次放学后留校的处罚。
detention cen·tre /·'· ，·/ BrE【英】‖ detention home /·'··/
AmE【美】-n a place where young people who have commit-
ted crimes go for short periods for training in obedience and
self-control if they are too young to go to prison〔青少年罪犯
的〕感化中心
de·ter /di`t3; di't3:/ v-rr- [T (from)] to prevent from acting. 
especially by the threat of something unpleasant 制止，阻吓；使
不敢：We need severe punishments to deter people from deal-
ing in drugs. 我们有必要实施严厉的惩罚来制止人们贩毒。— see
also 另见 DETERRENT
de·ter. gent /di`t3d3ent; di't3:d3ant/n [C; U] something, espe-
cially chemical product without soap in it, used for cleaning
clothing, dishes etc. Many detergents are now considered bad
for the environment. 洗涤剂；洗洁精〔目前，许多洗涤剂被认为
会破坏环境〕
de·te·ri·o. rate /di`tirie ret; di'tiariereit/ y [I] to become worse
变坏，恶化；退化：his deteriorating health 他日益恶化的健康状
况 | Relations between the superpowers have deteriorated
sharply in recent weeks. 在最近几周超级大国间的关系急剧恶
化。—-ration /ditirie`refen; ditrarie'reifan/n[U]
de·ter. mi·nant /di't3menent; di't3:minent/ n fml something that
decides, fixes, settles, or limits【正式】决定因素：Is cost or re
liability the main determinant in choosing a new car?在挑选
新车时，主要考虑的因素是价钱还是可靠性？
*de·ter·mi·na. tion /dit3me`nefen; di, t3:m'neifan/ n [U] 1 the
ability to make firm decisions and act in accordance with them; 
strong will to succeed 决断力；决心：a woman of great deter
mination who always gets what she wants 一个想得到什么就
定能得到什么的决心很坚定的女人2[+to-v] firm intention决
0467
意，决定：The police chief spoke of his determination to catch
the killers, 警长谈到他决意要抓获凶手。3 the finding of the
exact position or nature of something 测定；确定：the determi-
nation of the cause of his death 他的死因的确定 — see also 另
见 SELF-DETERMINATION
de·ter·mine /di`t3·min: di't3:mn/y[T] fm/【正式】1 to (cause
to)form a firm intention or decision(使)下决心；（使）做出决
定：[+to-y/that] We determined to go at once/that we would
go at once. 我们决定立刻动身。| [+obj+to-v] Her encourage-
ment determined me to carry on with the work. 她的鼓励使我
决心把这项工作继续下去。| [T+that; obj] The court deter-
mined that the man was guilty of assault. 法庭裁定该男子犯
了侵犯人身罪。2 to fix or find out exactly, e. g. by making
calculations, collecting information etc 确定；测定：to deter-
mine the position of a star/the cause of the accident 测定星球
的位置；确定事故的原因| [+wh-] We should first try to deter-
mine how much it is going to cost. 我们应首先设法确定这要花
多少钱。3 to have a controlling influence on; have a direct and
important effect on 限定；支配； 规定；决定：The amount of rain-
fall determines the size of the crop. 降雨量决定着收成的好坏。
The size of the crop is determined by the amount of rainfall
收成好坏受降雨量的支配。
*de. ter. mined /dr`t3mind; di't3:mand/ adj having a strong will:
RESOLUTE 坚定的，坚决的；决意的：a very determined woman
who always gets what she wants 一个总能把自己想要的一切
都弄到手的意志坚决的女人| [F+to-y] I am determined to go
and nothing will stop me. 我决心要去，什么也拦不住我
de·ter·min. er /di`t3mine; di't3:mane/n tech a word that lim. 
its the meaning of a noun and comes. before adjectives that
describe the same noun【术语】限定词：In the phrases ‘his new
car' and 'that green coat', the words 'his' and 'that' are
determiners. 在短语 “his new car”和 “that green coat”中
“his”和“that”两词是限定词
de·ter·min·is. m /di`t3min izem; di't3:mnizam/n [U] the be
lief that acts and events are settled by earlier causes and noth-
ing can be done to change them or prevent them 决定论 - -tic
/di, t3mi`nistik; di, t3:m'nistik/ adj: deterministic beliefs 决
定论的信念
de·ter-rent /di`t3rent; di'terent/ n, adj (something) that DETERS
威慑的；阻吓的；威慑物；遏阻力；阻碍物；制止物：Do you think
the threat of punishment has a deterrent effect?你认为惩罚
的威胁会起到阻吓作用吗？ | Some people claim that we only
have small wars because of the nuclear deterrent. (=the threat
of atomic war, which prevents countries from fighting)有人宣
称因为存在核威慑力量，所以只会发生小规模战争。一-rence
[U]
de·test /di`test; di'test/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行
式] to hate very much 憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨：I detest people who
tell lies. 我痛恨撒谎的人。| She detests having to talk to people
at parties. 她厌恶在宴会上为应酬而要和人交谈。 — ~able adj:
a detestable child 讨人嫌的孩子 — ~ably adv — ~ation /，dites-
tefen; di:te'steifan/ n [U]
dethrone /di`0ron; di'0reun/ v [T] to remove (a king or queen)
from power 废黜〔国王、女王〕，推翻 — ~ment n [U]
det. o. nate /`date net; 'deteneit/ v [I; T] to (cause to) explode
by means of a special apparatus （使）爆炸；引爆：They deto
nated the bomb and destroyed the bridge. 他们引爆炸弹，摧毁
了桥梁
det·o. na. tion /dete`nefen; dete'neifan/ n [C; U] (the noise of
an explosion 爆炸（声）
det. o. na. tor /dete net: 'deteneite/n a piece of equipment used
to detonate something explosive 引爆装置，雷管，起爆管
de. tour /ditur; 'di:tue/ n a way round something to avoid a
traffic problem or to visit something in a different place〔为避
开交通阻塞或去别的地方而走的〕迂回路，绕行的路：Theymade
a detour to avoid the town centre. 他们绕道避开了市中心
de. tox /ditaks; 'di:toks/ n [U] special treatment at a hospital to
help people stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs 戒酒[戒毒]
治疗
de. tract /di`traekt: di'traekt/ v
detract from sthg. phr v [T not in progressive forms 不用进
行式] to take something of value away from; cause to be or
seem less valuable 减损；毁损，贬低：All the decoration de
tracts from the beauty of the building's shape. 这一切装饰有
损于大厦的外形美。| I don't want to detract from their
achievement in winning the cup. but the fact is that their op. 
ponents were very weak. 我并不想贬低他们夺得奖杯的成绩
但事实上他们的对手很弱。 — compare 比较 ADD to
de·trac. tion /di`traekfen; di'traekfan/ n [U(from)] something
which detracts 减损；诋毁，诽谤；贬低：To say that his work is
strongly influenced by earlier film-makers is no detraction
(from its value). 说他的作品深受早期电影制片人的影响并非贬
低其价值。
de. trac. tor /di`traekte; di'traekte/ n a person who says bad things
about someone or something in order to make him/her/it seem
less good or valuable 诬蔑者，诋毁者；恶意批评者：Her detrac-
tors say she does not really understand ordinary people. 那
些诋毁她的人说她并不真正了解普通人
de·train /di`tren; , di:'trein/ v [I] AmE fml to get off a railway
train【美，正式】下火车
det. ri·ment /`detrement; 'detrment/ n fml [U (to)] the condi-
tion of suffering harm or damage【正式】损害；伤害：Do you
think the government can carry out these policies without
detriment to its popularity?你认为政府能实施这些政策而不有
损其声望吗？ | He smoked a lot, to the detriment of his health
他烟抽得很多，对健康造成损害。 — ~al/dtre`mantl; detr
'mentl √ adj [(to)]: a decision that may be detrimental to the
company's future 可能有损于公司前途的决定 — ~ally ady
de. tritus /di`traites; di'traites/ n [U] tech loose material pro-
duced by something breaking up or being rubbed away【术语】
岩屑，碎石；碎屑
De-troit /di`troit; di'troit/ a city in the US state of Michigan. It
is an important centre for making cars, and the FORD, GEN
ERAL MOTORS, and CHRYSLER car companies are all based there
底特律〔美国密歇根州一城市，是重要的汽车制造中心，福特、通
用、克莱斯勒等汽车公司总部都设在该市〕— see colour map on
pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
de trop /de `tro; de 'treu/ adj [F] Fr pomp too much or too
many; not needed【法，夸张】过多的，多余的；不需要的：I thought
the last part of her speech was rather de trop. 我认为她讲演
的最后一部分有些多余
Det. tol /detl; 'detol/ trademark a type of liquid ANTISEPTIC
used especially for preventing wounds from becoming infected
and for killing BACTERIA【商标】滴露〔一种用于防止伤口感染和
杀菌的消毒液〕
deuce /djus; dju:s/ n 1 [U] (in tennis) 40-40； 40 points to each
player. After deuce has been reached, one of the players must
then get two points in a row to win the game.  — see also另见
ADVANTAGE(3)〔网球等的〕局末平分，平手〔局末平分后，一方必
须连续再得两分才能取胜)2 a playing card or throw of the DICE
worth two points 〔纸牌、骰子的〕两点 3 [(the) S] old-fash euph
slang (used for adding force to an expression 用于加强语气)
the devil【过时，婉，俚】究竟，到底；该死，倒霉：What the deuce
happened?究竟发生了什么事？ |We had the deuce of a time
finding their house. 我们真倒霉，好不容易才找到他们的房子。
deuc·ed /`diusid; 'diu:sd/ adj, ady [A] old-fash euph slang
very bad(ly); unfortunate(ly); DAMNED【过时，婉，俚】极糟的
[地]；该死的[地]：You seem to be in a deuced hurry. 你看来急
得要命。| This bag is deuced heavy! 这袋子重死了！ — ~ly
adv
de·us ex mach·in. a /deus ks `makine; deius eks 'maekine
n Lat【拉丁】1 (in early Greek and Roman theatre) a god brought
onto the stage to decide the end of the play〔古希腊和古罗马戏
剧中)解围之神 2 any unlikely or artificial way of doing some-
thing which is used suddenly or at the last minute to end a
problem〔突然出现的或紧要关头出现的牵强的〕解围方式：The
author produces a perfect deus ex machina in the form of the
woman's long lost twin who cures all her problems in about
two pages. 作者寻找到一个完美无缺的解决方案：以两页的篇幅，
让那女人失踪多年的孪生姐妹来解决她所有的难题
Deutsch·mark /doitfmark; 'doit[ma:k/ abbrey, 缩写为 DMn
the standard unit of money in Germany, divided into 100
pfennigs. It is called the Deutsche Mark in Germany, and in-
formally called the mark. Before the EURO began to be used
the Deutschmark was regarded as one of the strongest types of
money in Europe. 德国马克〔德国的标准货币单位，1德国马克
等于100芬尼。它在德国被称为 Deutsche Mark, 别名 mark。
欧元启用之前，它被认为是欧洲最坚挺的货币之一
deux-che-vaux /，du fe`vo; d3: fe'veu/ n a small car that wa
made for many years by the French company Citroen. The deux
chevaux is a light car with a small engine, which was built to
be practical and inexpensive, rather than fast or comfortable
They are no longer made, but many are still driven. People
joke that they are typically owned by MIDDLE CLASS people
with LIBERAL political opinions, who oppose NUCLEAR power. 
and work e. g. as teachers or SOCIAL WORKERS. 两匹马力的汽
车；小型汽车〔法国雪铁龙公司生产多年的一种小引擎轻型汽车、
实用，价廉，而不追求快速和舒适。现在已经停产，但不少这种车
还依然在行驶。人们开玩笑说它们一般属于教师、社会工作者等反
对核战争、政治思想开明的中产阶级人士〕
0468
de Val. ois /de `vaelwa; de 'vaelwa:/ Dame Ni. nette /ni`nst; 
ni:'net/(1898-2001) an Irish BALLET dancer and manager who
helped develop the style and content of British ballet and whose
original ballet company is now the Royal Ballet 德瓦卢娃
〔(1898-2001)，爱尔兰芭蕾舞舞蹈家和芭蕾舞团经理，曾帮助发
展英国芭蕾舞的风格及内容。她创始的芭蕾舞团现在是皇家芭蕾
舞团〕
de·val·u·a·tion /，divaelju`efen; di:, vaelju'eifen/ n [C; U] a re-
duction in the value of something, especially in the official
exchange value of money〔尤指货币等的)贬值；价值的降低：A
further devaluation of the pound may be necessary to im-
prove our balance of payments. 为促进我们的国际收支平衡，
英镑进一步贬值也许是必要的。
de·val·ue /di`vaelju; di:'vaelju:/v1 [I; T] to reduce the exchange
value of (money)(使)〔货币)贬值：We had to devalue (our
currency) last year. 去年我们不得不把我们的货币贬值。- com-
pare 比较 REVALUE (2) 2 [T] to make (e. g. a person or action)
seem less valuable or important 贬低，降低··的价值：Let's not
devalue his work unjustly. 我们不要不公正地贬低他的工作。
dev. a·state deves tet; 'devesteit/ v [T] to destroy completely
(a city, area of land etc) so that nothing useful or valuable re-
mains 使··荒芜，蹂躏，破坏：The fire devastated the city. 大火
毁掉了这座城市。| The country's coffee crop was devastated
by the floods. 这个国家的咖啡收成被洪水全毁了。|(fig. 喻)
We were devastated by the awful news. 我们被这个可怕的消
息吓坏了。- -station /daves`tefen; deve'steifan/n[U]
dev. a·stat·ing deves, tetin; 'devesteitin/ adj1 destroying com-
pletely 破坏性很大的，毁灭性的：a devastating storm 破坏性极
大的风暴| (fig. 喻) a devastating argument against our plan
反对我们计划的杀伤性的论点2 infml very good, attractive etc; 
IRRESISTIBLE【非正式】极好的；极吸引人的；富有魅力的：You
look devastating in that new dress. 你穿上那件新连衣裙真是
美极了。| his devastating charm 他那令人倾倒的魅力 — ~ly
adv
bring gradually to a larger, more complete, or more advanced
state; (cause to) grow or increase发展；扩展；（使）成长；（使）增
长：In less than ten years, it develops from a seed into a full-
grown tree. 不到十年，它从一粒种子长成一棵枝叶繁茂的大树。|
They do exercises to develop their muscles. 他们锻炼身体以
使肌肉发达。| From small beginnings it has developed into a
big multinational company. 它开头规模很小，现已发展成一家
大型跨国公司。2 [T] to study, think out, or talk about in detail; 
ELABORATE 展开，发挥，详细阐述：I'd like to develop this idea
a little more fully before I go on to my next point. 在谈下一点
之前，我想把这一想法进一步阐述一下。3 [T] to bring out the
full possibilities of (especially land or natural substances)开
发〔尤指土地、资源等)：to develop the natural resources of a
country(=by searching for minerals etc)开发一国的自然资源|
The council are planning to develop the area to the west of
the town centre. (=by building new houses, offices, roads etc
there)市政委员会正计划把该区一直开发到市中心以西。— see
also 另见 DEVELOPER 4 [I] fml to begin to be seen or become
active【正式】显现，出现；发生；活跃起来：Trouble is develop-
ing in the cities. 一些城市里正在酝酿事端。5 [T] fml to come
to have gradually; ACQUIRE【正式】逐渐产生；获得；培养出来：
She has developed an interest in international affairs. 她对国
际事务逐渐产生了兴趣。| The baby seems to have developed
a cold. 这婴儿看样子患了感冒。6 [I; T] (in photography) to
(cause to) appear on a film or photographic paper〔摄影)（使）
显影，冲印：Our holiday photos haven't been developed yet. 
我们假日拍的照片还没有冲印出来。| These photographs
haven't developed well. 这些照片冲印得不好。
de. vel. op. er /divelepe; di'velepe/n 1 [C] a person who hopes
to make a profit from building on land, improving buildings
etc 〔房地产〕发展商，开发者 2 [C; U] a chemical substance used
for developing photographs 显影剂
developing coun. try/. . ·. /also 又作 developing nation -
n euph a poor country that is trying to build up its industry and
improve the living conditions of its people【婉】发展中国家
de. vel. op. ment /di`vlepment; di'velepment/ n 1 [U (from, 
into)] the act of developing or the process of being developed
成长，发育；发展（过程）；扩展：the development of a seed into
a plant 种子成长为植物的发展过程 |This was an important
stage in the country's development. 这是该国发展的重要阶段。
2 [C(from, of)] a result of developing 进化，进展：This new
rose is a development from a very old kind of rose. 这种玫瑰
新品种是从一种很古老的玫瑰品种进化而来的。3[C]a new event
or piece of news 新情况，进展，新闻：Have you heard about
the latest development in the murder trial?你有没有听到有关
这宗谋杀案审讯的最新消息？| The use of computers in busi-
ness is a fairly recent development. 商业上使用电脑是新近才
有的事。4 [C] a developed piece of land, especially one that
has houses built on it 开发地，新社区；新建住宅区：to live in a
newhousing development住在新建住宅区内 — ~al /di, vlep-
`mantl; di, velep'mentl/adj
development ar. e. a /. . . . / n BrE an area of high
unemployment, to which the government encourages new in-
dustries to come【英】〔失业问题严重、政府鼓励工业投资的〕开发
区
de·vi·ant /^divient; 'di:vient/‖also 又作 de·vi·ate /- et; -3t/ AmE
【美】-adj(of a person's behaviour)different from what is
socially acceptable in Britain, the US, and many other countries
〔人的行为〕越轨的，反常的：sexually deviant behaviour 不正
常的性行为 | Deviant children need help. 行为异常的孩子需
要帮助。- -ance n [U] - deviant n
de. vi. ate /divi et; 'di:vieit/ v [I (from)] to be different or move
away from a usual or accepted standard of behaviour 背离，偏
离〔常轨或俗定准则)；越轨：She never deviates from her regu-
lar habits. 她从不偏离自己的日常习惯。| On this occasion the
plane deviated from its usual flight path. 这一次那架飞机偏离
了通常的航线。
de·vi·a. tion /，divr`efen; di:vi'eifan/ n1 [C; U (from)](a) no-
ticeable difference from what is expected, especially from ac-
cepted standards of behaviour 偏离；背离；越轨：sexual devia-
tion 性变态 | a slight deviation from the original plan 稍稍偏
离原计划2[C]tech【术语】a measurable difference from a
standard, especially a the difference between the MAGNETIC
NORTH(=to which the COMPASS needle points) and true north
〔磁针的)偏差 b(in STATISTICS) the difference between a mea-
sure and the average of all the measures〔统计上的)偏差，误差
de. vi·a. tion. ist /，divr`efenist; di:vi'eifenst/n derog a person
who disagrees about some points of a system of political beliefs
【贬】〔政治上的〕偏离某种政治信条的人，脱离正道者--ismn[U]
de. vice /di`vais; di'vais/ n 1 a piece of equipment intended for
a particular purpose 装置；器械；设备；机件：a device for vary-
ing the speed of a camera's shutter 照相机快门的变速装置|
The missile has a heat-seeking device which enables it to find
its target. 导弹里有一种热寻装置使它能找到目标。— see 参见
MACHINE(USAGE)2 a plan, especially for a rather dishonest
purpose 计划；策略；诡计：a device for avoiding income tax 逃
避所得税的诡计 3 a special phrase intended to produce a par-
ticular effect in a work of literature〔文学作品中的)辞词，写作
手法，手段：a rhetorical device 修辞手法 4 euph a bomb or
other explosive weapon【婉】炸弹；爆炸性武器[装置]：an in-
cendiary device 燃烧弹 5 tech a drawing or picture used by a
noble family as their special sign【术语】〔贵族家庭的〕纹章图
案，标记：the device on his shield 他盾牌上的纹章图案 6leave
someone to their own devices to leave someone alone, with-
out help 听任某人自行其是
*dev. il1/devl; 'deval/ n 1 [the]
(usually cap. 一般用大写)the
devil 魔鬼
most powerful evil spirit in
Christianity; SATAN〔基督教中
的〕魔王，撒旦 — see also 另
见 HELL 2 [C] an evil spirit 魔
鬼：spending eternity tor-
mented by devils 永生永世受
魔鬼的折磨 3[C] an evil per-
son 恶棍，邪恶的人；捣蛋的人：
My son can be a little devil at
times!有时候，我的儿子会是个
调皮鬼！ 4 [C] infml humor a
high-spirited person who is
ready for adventure【非正式，
幽】精力充沛的人；敢于冒险的
人：Go on, be a devil and have
another cream cake!来，胃口大一点，再吃一块奶油蛋糕！5[C]
infml(in expressions of strong feeling用于表达强烈感情)a
person【非正式】··人，·家伙：You lucky devil! 你这个幸运儿！|
The poor devils have been stuck at the airport for three days. 
那些可怜的家伙被困在机场已有3天了。6[(the)S]slang(used
to give force to various expressions, especially of displeasure
用于加强语气，尤用于表示不悦)【俚】该死，讨厌；究竟：We had
a devil of a job trying to persuade her. 我们费了九牛二虎之力
想说服她。| What the devil happened?究竟发生了什么事？7
between the devil and the deep(blue) sea infml facing two
choices, both of which are unpleasant【非正式】两难之局，进退
维谷 8Devil take the hindmost You must make sure of your
own success and not worry about other people 只管自家争先，
0469
休管他人落后 9 give the devil his dueto be fair even to a bad
person 即使对恶人也要公平对待；说句公道话 10 go to the devi
a to be ruined 堕落；落魄 b to go away at once 滚开，去你的：“I
want $100 from you today. ”\"Go to the devil!” “今天我想问
你要100美元。” “见鬼去吧！”11 like the devilinfml with great
speed, force, etc【非正式】非常快 [猛等]：We ran like the devil. 
我们跑得飞快。12 The devil finds work for idle hands to do
If people are not kept busy, they may do something that they
should not be doing. 一闲生百邪；无聊起坏心 13 the devil to
payslang a great deal of trouble【俚】很多麻烦；后患：There'll
be the devil to pay if we're caught inside the building. 如果我
们在大楼内被抓住，那就糟了。14 the devil you knowalso 又
作 better the devil you know - an expression used to give
one's opinion that it is better to stay with someone who is not
very dependable than to find someone else, whom you may
later find is exactly the same or worse 魔鬼也是熟识的好；生不
如熟：I'm not happy about dealing with his company, but it's
a case of the devil you know. 我不太乐意与他的公司打交道. 
但生不如熟· 15 The devil you will/won't, he can/can't etc
old-fash slang【过时，俚】(used as a rude reply showing strong
disagreement 用作表示极不以为然)：“John says he'll leave
early today. ” “The devil he will!” “约翰说他今天要早出发。
‘他早得了才怪呢！” — see also 另见 play the devil with (PLAY
(22), talk of the devil (TALK1(12)
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US and UK the
devil is typically shown with red skin, horns on his head, a
long tail with a pointed end and the legs of a goat. He is
also shown holding a long fork with three points and is
usually surrounded by flames. The Devil is thought of as
living in Hell and ruling over the people there, 在美国和英
国，魔王一般被描绘成红皮肤、头上有角、长着尖尖的长尾巴
和羊腿的模样。他手上还拿着一柄很长的三叉戟，通常四周烈
火熊熊。魔王被认为住在地狱之中，并统治那里的人民。-
see Feature on page B3参见B3页文化特写
devil2y -ll- BrE【英】‖ -I- AmE【美】[T] 1 BrE to cook in a very
hot-tasting thick liquid【英】用辛辣的浓汁烹调:devilled
chicken/eggs 辣味鸡 [蛋] 2 AmE to add a hot SPICE to a food
which has been cut up very fine【美】〔给已切碎的食物〕加辣味
dev-il-ish/`dvlif; 'devalif/ adj very bad or very difficult 穷凶
极恶的；极难的：devilish schemes 邪恶的诡计 | a devilish prob
lem to solve 极难解决的问题 — ~ness n [U]
dev·il·ish·ly/^devliflr; 'devalifli/ also又作 devilish - ady infml
(showing displeasure) very; a word used especially by upper-
class people【非正式】〔表示不快〕非常，极〔尤为上层阶级人士使
用)：It was devilish(ly) hard work climbing the mountain. 爬
那座山费劲极了。
devil-may-care/·'/ adj cheerful, careless, and wild in
behaviour; RECKLESS 无所顾虑的；漫不经心的；满不在乎的
dev·il·ment/`devlment; 'devalment/ also 又作 dev·il-ry /-ri:
-ri/ ‖also 又作 deviltry AmE【美】— n [U] (a piece of) wild or
bad behaviour that usually causes trouble 捣蛋行为，恶作剧：
That child is always busy with some devilment or other. 那孩
子总是在搞什么鬼把戏。
devil's ad·vo. cate/, · '·/n a person who continually ques
tions a plan, idea etc, even though they may not disagree with
it, in order to test how good it is 故意唱反调的人，故意持不同
意见的人：He wouldn't join in the argument, but just played
devil's advocate. 他并不想参加论，只是唱唱反调
devil's-food cake/'··/ n [C: U] AmE a kind of rich choco
late cake【美】巧克力蛋糕
Devils Is-land/, . '·/ an island near the coast of French Guiana
in S America, which was used as a prison by France until 1938
Prisoners there lived in very bad conditions. One of the most
famous prisoners was Alfred DREYFUS. 魔岛〔南美洲法属圭亚
那海岸附近的一座岛屿，1938年以前被法国用作监狱。那里的囚
犯生活条件极差，最著名的囚犯之一是阿尔弗雷德·德雷福斯〕
dev·il·try/`deyltri; 'devaltri/ n AmE for【美】= DEVILMENT
de. vi. ous/divies; 'di:vies/ adj 1 not going in the straightest
way 迂回的；曲折的；拐弯抹角的；a devious route 迂回的路线
2 derog not direct and not completely honest【贬】不率直的；不
坦诚的：不光明正大的：He's very devious. 他很狡猾。 She used
devious mean. to gain power. 她用不光明正大的手段夺取权
力。 — ~ly adv — ~ness n[U]
de·vise/di`vaiz; di'vaiz/ v [T] 1 to plan or invent, especially
cleverly 策划；想出：设计；发明：They devised a plan for get-
ting the jewels out of the country. 他们想出了把珠宝运出国的
办法。2 devise and bequeathlaw to BEOUEATH【律】遗赠
de·vi·tal·ize, also 又作 -ise BrE【英】/di`vaitl aiz; , di:'vaitl-aiz/
ν [T] to take strength or power from 从··夺去生命力[活力]；使
伤元气 — compare 比较 REVITALIZE --ization /di, vait]ai-
`zefen; di:, vaitlai'zeifan/ n[U]
de·void/di`void; di'void/ adj [F+of] fml empty (of); lacking
(in)【正式】没有··的；缺·的：This house is totally devoid of
furniture. 这所房子一件家具都没有。| He is devoid of human
feeling!他毫无人性！
de·vo·lu·tion/, deve`lufen; , di:ve'lu:fan/ n [U] the giving of
governmental or personal power to a person or group at a lower
or more local level. Scotland and Wales voted for devolution
from the British government in 1997. 〔政府或个人的〕权力转
移，权限委托，授权：权力下放〔1997年苏格兰和威尔士曾投票表
决，要求英国政府下放权力)：the devolution lobby 权力下放运
动组织 — see also 另见 HOME RULE and see Feature on page
B17并见B17页文化特写 — ~ist n, adj
de·volve/dr`valv; dr'volv/ν
devolve on/uponsbdy. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] (of
power, work etc) to be passed to (a person or group at a lower
level)移交，转移，委任〔给下级)：While the President is ill, his
work will devolve on his deputy. 总统生病期间，他的工作将移
交给副总统。
devolve tosbdy. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] law (of land. 
goods etc) to become the property of (someone) on the death
of the owner【律】〔土地、财产等在物主死后〕传给，转归：The
house will devolve to his daughter. 这所房子将传给他的女儿。
Dev-on/'devn; 'devan/ a COUNTY in SW England known for its
natural beauty. It includes DARTMOOR and part of EXMOOR
National Park, and attracts a lot of tourists. Thick cream and
CIDER(=alcoholic apple juice) are well-known products of
Devon. 德文郡〔位于英格兰西南部一郡，以其优美的自然风光闻
名，包括达特穆尔高地和埃克斯穆尔国家公园的一部分，吸引了大
批旅游人士。浓稠的奶油和苹果酒是该郡的特产〕
de·vote/di`vot; di'veut/v
devotesthg. tosbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] to set apart for; give
completely to 把··专用于；把·奉献给；专心致力于：He has
devoted his life to helping blina people. 他为帮助盲人而献出
生。| I don't think we should devote any more time to this
question. 我认为我们不应该在这个问题上再花费时间。| Sey-
eral pages of the paper were devoted to an account of the
election. 报纸的几个版面都用来报道选举的情况
de. vot·ed/di`votid; di'veutd/ adj [(to)] showing great fond-
ness or loyalty; caring a great deal 挚爱的；忠实的；热爱·. 的
献身于·的；专心于··的；专用于··的：a devoted father/friend
慈爱的父亲：忠实的朋友| He is very devoted to his wife. 他非
常忠实于妻子。| devoted to music/football 热衷于音乐[足球][
Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing
problem. 我们的大部分会议都用来讨论住房问题。 — ~ly adv
dev·o·tee/, dve`ti; , deve'ti:/n 1 [(of)] a person who has grea
admiration for, or interest in, someone or something 仰慕者：
爱好者：a devotee of Bach (=Bach's music)/football 巴赫音乐
[足球运动]的爱好者 2 a very religious person 虔诚的宗教信徒
The temple was full of devotees praying. 寺院里挤满了在祈祷
的虔诚信徒
de·vo·tion/dr`vofen; di'veufan/ n [U(to)] 1 great fondness or
loyalty 挚爱，热爱；忠诚 2 the act of devoting or the condition
of being devoted to something 热心；专心；献身 3 attention to
religion; devoutness (DEVOUT)信仰；虔诚 — see also 另见 DE-
VOTIONS
de·vo. tion. al/di`vofenl; di'veufanel/ adj about or used in reli-
gious devotions 虔诚的；祈祷的；灵修的； devotional literature
祈祷文献
de·vo. tions/di`vofenz; di'veufanz/ n [P] religious acts, espe-
cially prayers 祈祷
de·vour/di`vaur; di'vaue/v [T] 1 to eat hungrily and in large
quantities, so that nothing remains 吞食：狼吞虎咽地吃：The
lion devoured the deer. 狮子吞食了那只鹿。| (fig. 喻) She
devoured the new book. 她如饥似渴地读那本新书。2 [usually
pass. 一般用被动语态](of a feeling) to possess (a person); com-
pletely take up the attention of〔感情〕充满··；占据··的全部注
意力；使·着迷：He was devoured by hatred/jealousy. 他心中
充满仇恨[嫉妒]。
de·vout/di`vaut; di'vaut/ adj1 (of people) seriously concerned
with religion; PIOUS 〔人〕笃信宗教的；虔诚的：a devout Hindu/
Catholic 虔诚的印度教徒 [天主教徒] 2 [A] felt very deeply; 
sincere 真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的：It is my devout hope that he
will never come back. 我真心希望他永远不再回来。 — ~ly adv
 — ~ness n [U]
dew/dju; dju:/ n [U] the small drops of water which form on
cold surfaces during the night 露珠，露水
0470
dew. drop /dju drap; 'dju:drop/ n a drop of dew, or something
that looks like one露珠：露珠似的东西
Dew·ey dec·i·mal sys·tem, the /diui`deseml sistem; dju:
'desmal sistm/ also 又作 the Dewey Decimal Classifica-
tion - a system used by libraries for putting books into groups
according to their subject. General subjects (e. g. English lite
rature) are given a number, and then particular parts of this
subject (e. g. Jane AUSTEN'S novels) are each given a more spe. 
cific number using DECIMAL numbers. The system was invented
by Melvil Dewey (1851-1931)， a US LIBRARIAN. 杜威十进分
类法〔图书馆根据图书主题进行分类的方法。总主题（如英国文学）
会获分配一个号码，该主题下的各项部分（如简·奥斯丁的小说）会
获分配一个更详细的十进制号码。该方法是由美国图书馆学家梅
尔维尔·杜威(1851-1931)发明的
dew·lap /dju laep; 'dju:laep/ n a hanging fold of loose skin un
der the throat of a cow, dog etc〔牛、狗等喉部下面的〕垂皮，垂
肉
dew·pond /`djupand; 'dju:pond/ n especially BrE a small
hollow, usually man-made, in which dew collects【尤英】〔人
造的用以蓄露水的〕露池
dew·y /`djur; 'dju:i/ adj wet with, or as if with, dew （似）带露
水的 - -ily adv - -iness n [U]
dewy-eyed /. ·. / adj 1 having eyes that are slightly wet with
tears 双目噙泪的 2 too willing to believe and trust because of
inexperience〔由于涉世不深而〕轻信他人的
dex·ter·i. ty /deks`tereti; dek'sterti/n [U] apprec quick clever-
ness and skill, especially in the use of the hands【褒】〔尤指手
的〕灵巧，敏捷，熟练：the dexterity with which he plays the pi-
ano他弹钢琴的娴熟指法
dex·ter·ous /daksteres; 'dekstares/ also 又作 dex·trous /dakstres:
'dekstres/ -- adj apprec having dexterity; ADROIT【褒】灵巧的，
敏捷的，熟练的：She untied the knots with dexterous fingers
她用灵巧的手指解开绳结。 — ~ly adν
dex·trose /`dekstros; 'dekstreuz/ n [U] a form of sugar
(GLUCOSE) found in many sweet fruits 右旋糖，葡萄糖
DfEE, the /`di sfi`i; 'di: ef i: 'i:/ abbrev. for 缩写= the Depart
ment for Education and Employment
DFID, the /di f aI`di; di: ef aI 'di:/ abbrev. for 缩写= the
Department for International Development, formerly called the
Overseas Development Administration (ODA); a British gov
ernment department that gives money, advice, and help to
poorer countries 国际开发部〔英国政府部门，负责为贫困国家提
供资金、建议和帮助，旧称 the Overseas Development Administra. 
tion(英国海外开发部)〕
DFW /di ef`dabliu; di: ef'dabalju:/ abbrey, for 缩写= Dallas-
Fort Worth International Airport; a very large US airport for
the cities of DALLAS and FORT WORTH in Texas〔美国〕达拉斯
一沃思堡国际机场
DG /di`d3i; di: 'd3i:/ abbrev. for 缩写= DIRECTOR-GENERAL
dh /，di `etf; di: 'eitf/ n abbrev. for 缩写= DESIGNATED HITTER
Dhak. a /daeke; 'daeke/ the capital and the most important in
dustrial city of Bangladesh. Its name used to be spelled Dacca
达卡〔孟加拉国首都和最重要的工业城市，过去拼写为Dacca〕
dho. ti /`dotr; 'deuti/ n a garment worn on the lower part of the
body by some Hindu men, consisting of a cloth that goes roun
he waist and between the legs 〔印度男子的〕缠腰布
dhow /day: day/ n an Arab ship with one large sail, used for
trade round the coasts〔阿拉伯人进行沿海贸易用的〕独桅帆船
DHSS, the /，di etf s `Es; di: eitf es 'es/ the former name for
the DSS, a British government department 卫生和社会保障部
〔英国政府部门，社会保障部的旧称〕
Di /dai; dai/(used in newspapers) an informal name for DIANA, 
PRINCESS OF WALES 戴妃〔报纸对威尔士王妃戴安娜的非正式称
呼〕
DI/di`ar: di: 'a/ n abbrey, for 缩写= Detective Inspector; a
detective of middle rank in the British police 刑事侦缉督察〔英
国中级警衔
di·a·be·tes /，daie`bitis; daie'bi:ti:z/ n [U] a disease in which
there is too much sugar in the blood. Some people with diabe-
tes have to INJECT a substance called INSULIN every day. Oth-
ers may be able to control it by eating the correct foods. With-
out insulin, the sufferer may go into a COMA and die. 糖尿病
〔有些糖尿病患者必须每天注射胰岛素，有些则能通过适当的饮食
加以控制。如果没有胰岛素，患者可能会昏迷和死亡
di·a·bet·ic /. daie`betik; daie'betik/ adj, n (typical of or sui-
table for) a person suffering from diabetes(患)糖尿病的；适合
糖尿病患者的：糖尿病患者：She's diabetic/She's a diabetic. 她
是糖尿病患者。| diabetic jam (=made for diabetics) 专供糖尿
病患者吃的果酱
di·a·bol·i·cal /，daie`bulikl; , daie'bolikel√ also 又作 diabolic
rare【罕】-adj1 very cruel and evil 残忍的，凶暴的；恶毒的：
What a diabolical plan!多么恶毒的计谋！ 2 infml, especially
BrE extremely unpleasant or of very low quality【非正式，尤
英】令人极其不快的，非常可憎的；糟透的：His French/Her cook-
ing is diabolical. 他的法语 [她的烹饪手艺] 很糟糕。| I've been
waiting for this train for 45 minutes. It's really diabolical!
这趟火车我已等了45分钟，真烦死了！ — ~ly/-kli; -kli/ adv
di·a. crit. ic /daie kritik; daie'kritik/n a mark placed over, under. 
or through, a letter, to show a sound value different from that
of the same letter without the mark, frequently used in some
languages, e. g. in Arabic〔阿拉伯语等一些语言中的)区别音符，
变音符号 — ~al adj: diacritical marks 区别发音的符号
di·a. dem /`daie, dem; 'daiedem/ n lit a crown of jewels, flowers
etc【文】王冠，冕；花冠；王冠状物：her royal diadem 女王的王
冠
di·ae·re·sis, di·e-/dai`cresis; dai'ierss/n pl. -ses /-siz; -si:z/ a
sign (\") placed over the second of two vowels to show that it is
pronounced separately from the first〔表示二连续元音须分别发
音的〕分音符，隔音符() — compare 比较 UMLAUT
Di·a·ge. o /，di`aed3io; di'aed3ieu/ trademark a large international
company dealing especially in alcoholic drinks, which was
formed in 1997 when GUINNESS joined with GRAND
METROPOLITAN【商标】迪阿吉奥公司〔一家国际性大公司，尤其经
营酒类，1997年由吉尼斯公司和大都会公司合并组成〕
Di. ag. hi. lev /dr`egilef; di'aeglef/ Ser. gei Pav. lo. vich /s3`ge
`paevlevitf; s3:'gei 'paevlevitf/ (1872-1929) a Russian producer
of BALLETS who started his own ballet company in France, the
Ballets Russes, and made Russian ballet known in western
Europe and North America. He produced several ballets with
the Russian COMPOSER, STRAVINSKY. 佳吉列夫〔(1872-1929)，
俄国芭蕾舞团经理，曾在法国创办了自己的剧团，并使俄罗斯芭蕾
舞艺术享誉欧洲和北美洲。他同俄国作曲家斯特拉文斯基一起创
作了多部芭蕾舞剧〕
di. ag. nose /，daieg`nos; 'daiegneuz/ v [T (as)] to discover the
nature of (a disease or fault) by making a careful examination
诊断〔疾病)；判断〔问题)：The doctor diagnosed my illness (as
a rare bone disease). 医生诊断我的病（为一种罕见的骨病）。|
to diagnose the fault in an engine 判断发动机的毛病
di·ag. no. sis /daieg`nosis; daieg'neuss/n pl. -ses /-siz; -si:z
[C; U (of)](a judgment which is the result of) the act of diag-
nosing 诊断（结论）；判断，调查分析：Diagnosis is one of the
most important parts of the doctor's work. 诊症是医生工作中
最重要的环节之一。| The two doctors made/gave different di
agnoses of my disease. 两位医生对我的病作出了不同的诊断。
What was the doctor's diagnosis? 医生的诊断是什么？ - com·
pare 比较 PROGNOSIS(1)
di·ag. nos. tic / daieg nastik; daieg'nostik /adj of or for diag-
nosing 诊断的；用于诊断的；显示症状特征的：a diagnostic tes
诊断性试验
di·ag. o. nal /dai`aegenl; dai'aegenal/ adj1 (of a straight line)
joining two opposite corners of a square or other four-sided
flat figure 对角线的：Draw a diagonal line to divide the square
into two triangles. 画一条对角线把正方形分成两个三角形。2 (of
a line) following a sloping direction 斜线的，斜纹的：a cloth
with a diagonal pattern 一块斜纹布 - diagonal n: The two
diagonals of a square cross in the centre. 正方形的两条对角
线在中间相交。 — ~ly adv: The path goes diagonally across
the field. 小道斜着穿过田野。
di·a·gram /daie graem; 'daiegraem/ n a plan or figure drawn to
explain a machine, idea etc; drawing which shows how some-
thing works rather than what it actually looks like 图解；图表；
一览图：a diagram of a railway system 铁路系统的示意图
The book uses simple diagrams to explain the rules of chess
这本书用简图来说明国际象棋的规则。一~matic /daiegre
`maetik; daiegre'maetik/ adj: a diagrammatic representation
of a molecule 分子的示意图 — ~matically /-kli; -kli/ adv
dial' /`daiel; daiel/ n 1 the face of an instrument, such as a clock
showing measurements by means of a pointer and figures〔钟
表等的〕针盘，钟面，表面：〔仪表等的〕刻[标]度盘 — see also另
见 SUNDIAL 2 a wheel on a telephone with numbered holes for
the fingers, which is moved round when one makes a telephone
call. This type of telephone is now rarely found in Britain and
the US, as now PUSH-BUTTON telephones are mostly used. 〔电
话机的〕拨号盘〔目前，由于广泛使用按键式电话机，带拨号盘的电
话机在英国和美国已很少见了
dial2 ν-ll- BrE【英】‖-l- AmE【美】[I; T] to make a telephone
call (to) by using a dial or similar apparatus, e. g. the set of
PUSH BUTTONS on a modern telephone 拨电话（号码）；打电话：
How do I dial Paris? 怎样拨电话到巴黎？ | Put in the money
before dialling. 先把硬币放进去再拨号。— see 参见 TELEPHONE
0471
(USAGE)
Dial trademark a type of soap used for washing the body and
face, sold in the US【商标】“戴尔”牌香皂
di. a. lect /`daielakt; 'daielekt/ n [C; U] a variety of a language
spoken in one part of a country, which is different in some
words or grammar from other forms of the same language方
言，地方话，土语：Kurdish has three major dialects. 库尔德语
有三种主要方言。| a poem written in a Scottish dialect 用苏
格兰方言写的诗
`lektl; daie'lektl/ adj — ~ally adv
di·a·lec·tic /daie`laktik; daie'lektik/ also 又作 dialectics - n
[U] tech the art or method of arguing and examining ideas so
as to reach the truth, according to certain rules of question and
answer that were developec by Socrates, Plato, and Hegel【术
语】辩证法 — ~al adj - -tician /daielk`tifen; daielek'tifan/
dialling code /'· / BrE【英】‖area code AmE【美】- n a tele
phone CODE1(3)〔电话的)区域号码
dialling tone /'· ·/ BrE【英】| dial tone /'· ·/ AmE【美】— n the
sound made by a telephone receiver to show that one may now
dial the number that one wants(电话的)拨号音〔表示可以拨号
的嗡嗡声
di·a·logue BrE【英】‖-log AmE【美】/`daie log; 'daielng/ n [C
U] 1 (a) written conversation in a book or play〔小说或剧本
的)对白：a short dialogue between Hamlet and the grave. 
digger 哈姆雷特和掘墓人之间的一段简短对白 | He's not very
good at writing dialogue. 他不长于写对白。2 (an) exchange
of ideas and opinions, especially between two countries, groups
etc, whose positions are opposed〔尤指两个对立国家、组织等的
对话，交换意见：At last there can be (a) reasonable dialogue
between our two governments. 我们两国政府终于能进行理智
的对话。 — compare 比较 MONOLOGUE (2)
di·al. y. sis /dai`aelesis; dai'aelss/n [U] tech a process by which
solid substances can be separated from liquid, used especially
for making pure the blood of people whose KIDNEYs do not
work properly【术语】渗析，透析
di·am·e. ter/daiaemete; dai'aemte/n 1 (the length of) a straight
line going from one side of a circle to the other side, passing
through the centre of the circle 直径：The diameter of the circle
i six centimetres. 该圆的直径是 6厘米。| The circl is six
centimetres in diameter. 该圆直径6厘米。 — compare 比较
RADIUS 2 tech a measurement of how many times bigger ar
object looks, when seen through a microscope or MAGNIFYING
GLASS【术语】倍，放大率〔透镜的放大单位)：This microscope
magnifies 20 diameters. 这台显微镜能放大20倍
di. a. met. ri. cally /daie`mtrikli; , daie'metrikli/ adv completely
and directly (opposed or opposite)完全（相反）地；截然地：My
ideas are diametrically opposed to (=completely different
from) hers. 我与她的想法截然相反
*di. a. mond /daiemend; 'daiemend/ n 1 [C; U] a very hard valu
able precious stone, usually colourless, which is used in
jewellery and for cutting things 钻石，金刚钻，金刚石：an in
dustrial diamonc工业用金刚石 a diamone mine金刚石矿
2 [C] a figure with four straight sides of equal length that stands
on one of its points 菱形 3 [C] a this figure printed in red on a
playing card 〔纸牌的)方块 b a card belonging to the SUIT (=set)
of cards that have one or more of these figures printed on it方
块纸牌：the four/queen of diamonds 方块四[王后] | I've only
got four diamonds in my hand. 我手中仅有四张方块牌。-- se
参见 CARDS (USAGE) 4 [C] (in BASEBALL) a the area of the
field inside the four BASEs2 (6)〔棒球的)内场 b the whole play. 
ing field 棒球场
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 In the US and the UK, a
man traditionally gives a diamond ring to a woman when
he asks her to marry him, and this shows that they are
ENGAGED. Because diamonds often represent marriage
there is a saying that 'diamonds are forever'. People some-
times joke that 'diamonds are a girl's best friend', mean-
ing that if you are rich you do not have to worry about
nything. 在美国和英国，按照传统，男子在求婚时要送给对方
一枚钻石戒指、以示订婚。因为钻石常常代表婚姻，有句俗话
叫“钻石恒久远”。人们有时开玩笑说“钻石是女孩子最好的朋
友”，意思是说如果有钱的话，什么都不用担心
Diamond, Neil /nil; ni:l/ (1941-)a US popular music singer
and writer of songs in the EASY LISTENING style 戴蒙德
〔(1941-)，美国流行乐歌手和作曲家，其音乐风格轻快易懂)
diamond in the rough /，· ·· '·/ n AmE for【美】= ROUGH
DIAMOND
diamond ju. bi. lee /. ·. ·. / n the date that is exactly 60 years
after the date of some important personal event, especially of
becoming a king or queen〔尤指国王或女王登基等私人重要事
件的〕60周年纪念[庆典] — compare 比较 GOLDEN JUBILEE
SILVER JUBILEE
diamond lane /'. . / n AmE infml a CARPOOL LANE on a large
main road. They are called this because they have large white
DIAMOND shapes painted on them. 【美，非正式】〔大型公路上的〕
共乘车道〔因车道上绘有很大的白色菱形标记而得名)
diamond wed. ding /·. '·/ also 又作 diamond wedding
an·ni·ver·sa·ry /· `· ·，·/ also 又作 diamond anniversary
/··'·/ AmE【美】- n the date that is exactly 60 years after
the date of a wedding 钻石婚，结婚60周年纪念 — compare 比
较GOLDEN WEDDING, SILVER WEDDING
Di. an. a /dai`aene; dai'aene/ in Roman MYTHOLOGY, the goddess
of hunting and the moon. In Greek mythology her name is
Artemis. 狄安娜〔罗马神话中狩猎和月亮女神，希腊神话中称阿
尔忒弥斯
Diana, Princess of Wales (1961-1997) also 又作 Princess
Di, Princess Diana, Lady Di the former wife of Prince
CHARLES and the mother of Prince William and Prince Harry. 
She was originally called Lady Diana Spencer and she mar-
ried Prince Charles in 1981. Eventually their marriage failed
and they got a DIVORCE in 1996. She was known for wearing
fashionable, expensive clothes, but she was also known as a
caring person who worked actively for many different CHAR
TY organizations, especially those which supported people with
AIDS or opposed the use of LANDMINES. In 1997， she started a
romantic relationship with the businessman Dodi AL-FAYED
and they were both killed in a car crash in Paris. Her death was
one of the biggest news stories of the 1990s, and people all
over the world were affected by it. 戴安娜〔 (1961-1997)，查
尔斯王子的前妻，小王子威廉和哈里之母，原名戴安娜·斯潘塞小
姐，1981年与查尔斯王子结婚。他们的婚姻最终破裂并于1996年
离婚。她以穿着时髦、高档的服装著称，但也以富有爱心为众人所
知，曾为许多慈善机构，尤其是那些资助艾滋病患者或反对使用地
雷的组织积极工作。1997年，她与商人多迪·阿法耶兹恋爱，后来
两人在巴黎的一场车祸中丧生。她的死是20世纪90年代最重大
的新闻之一，对世界各地的人们都产生了影响〕— see Feature on
page B6参见B6页文化特写
di·a·per /`daiepe; 'daiepe/n 1 [C] AmE for【美】=NAPPY 2 [U]
(fine cotton or LINEN cloth with)a pattern of straight lines which
cross each other so as to form small DIAMOND(2) shapes菱形
花纹；菱形花纹棉布[亚麻布]
di·aph. a. nous /dai`aefenes; dai'aefenes/ adj (especially of cloth)
so fine and thin that it can be seen through〔尤指布料)半透明
的
di. a. phragm/daie fraem; 'daiefraem/ n 1 a the muscle that sepa-
rates the lungs from the stomach 横膈膜 b the front part of the
chest above the waist 胸前部 2 any thin plate or piece of
stretched material which makes or is moved by sound膜片，振
动膜：The diaphragm of a telephone is moved by the sound of
te voice, 电话机的膜片随声音而振动。 3 a CAP' (6)〔避孕用的
子宫帽 4 the group of small plates lying one above the other
which control the amount of light entering a camera〔照相机
的)光圈 5 a moulded cap, usually made of rubber, that a woman
wears inside her vagina as a contraceptive barrier〔女子避孕用
的〕子宫帽
di·a-rist /`daierist; 'daierst/ n the writer of a DIARY (1)记日记
的人：日记作者：Samuel Pepys was a famous English diarist
of the 17th century. 塞缪尔·佩皮斯是 17世纪英国著名的日记
作者。
di·ar·rhoea, -rhea /，daie`rie; , daie'rie/ n [U] an illness in which
the bowels are emptied too often and in too liquid a form. People
from the US and the West often suffer from diarrhoea when
they go to other countries, because of the change in their food, 
water etc, and they sometimes joke about this, saying they had
the runs, the trots, Delhi belly (especially in India). 
Montezuma's revenge (especially in S America) etc. 腹泻〔美
国人和西方人去别国时，由于饮食、水土等的改变而常出现腹泻
他们有时会戏称这种情形为 the runs, the trots, Delhi belly(尤
在印度)，Montezuma's revenge(尤在南美洲)〕
di·a-ry/daieri; 'daiari/ n 1 (a book containing) a daily record of
the events in a person's life. A diary is considered to be very
personal, and reading someone else's diary without their per-
mission is strongly disapproved of. 日记〔日记被认为具有很大
的隐私性。未经许可看别人的日记会引起别人的强烈反感)；日记
簿：a lockable diary 一本可以上锁的日记本 | Did you keep a
diary(=write a diary) while you were travelling in Europe!
你在欧洲旅行期间记日记了吗？| Her diary entry for 12th
0472
March reads simply'Saw him again. '她3月12日的日记只简
单地写了“再次见到他”几个字。 — see also 另见 DIARIST, see
参见 JOURNAL (USAGE) 2 BrE【英】‖calendar AmE【美】-
a book with marked separate spaces for each day of the year. 
in which one may write down things to be done in the future
(每个日期下有空白供写下安排要做之事的)（日历）记事簿：“Can
you come on Wednesday?”\"I'll just look in my diary to see
if I'm free. ” “你能星期三来吗？” “我要查一下记事本看我有没有
空。”| He made a note of the date in his diary. 他把这次约会
写在记事本上
Diary of Anne Frank, The /. . . '/ the DIARY (=book in
which you write down your thoughts, experiences etc each day)
written by Anne FRANK when she and her family were hiding
from the NAZIS in Amsterdam during World War II. It was
published (PUBLISH)after her death in a CONCENTRATION CAMP
and it has been made into a play and film. 《安妮日记》〔安妮·弗
兰克在第二次世界大战期间，与家人在阿姆斯特丹躲避纳粹分子的
迫害时所写的日记。后来安妮死于集中营，她的日记在她死后得以
出版、并被改编成戏剧和电影〕
Diary of a No-bod-y, The /. ·. ·/ (1892) a humorous book
by George and Weedon Grossmith. It is written in the form of
a DIARY belonging to the main character, Mr POOTER, who
describes his life during the early 1890s. Mr Pooter is a very
ordinary man, who often gets into embarrassing social situa-
tions and makes himself look stupid. 《无名小卒日记》〔 (1892) ，
乔治和维顿·格罗史密斯共同创作的一部幽默作品。它以日记的形
式描写了主人公波特先生在19世纪90年代的生活。波特先生是
位极其普通的男子，常常在一些社交场合中陷入尴尬的处境让自己
出尽洋相〕
Di. as. po. ra, the /dai`aespere; dai'aespere/ n the scattering of
Jewish people to countries other than Israel. This word is now
sometimes used about other groups of people who have been
forced to leave their original home and settle in other places
流散在外的犹太人〔目前该词有时用来形容被迫离开故乡、定居
他处的其他民族群体)：the African Diaspora 散居海外的非洲
人
di. a. ton. ic scale /，daie`tanik `skel; , daietonik 'skeil/ [the] a
set of eight musical notes using a fixed pattern of spaces
(INTERVALS) between the notes自然音音阶，全音阶
di. a. tribe /`daie traib; 'daietraib/ n [(against)] fml a long vio. 
lent attack in speech or writing【正式】〔讲话或文章中的〕抨击，
恶骂
dib. ble1/`dibl; 'dibal/ also又作 dib·ber /`dibe-; 'dibe/ — na
small pointed hand tool which is used to make holes in the
earth for small plants〔用于植幼苗的〕点播器；挖穴器
dibble2v [T] 1 to plant (seeds or plants) with a dibble 穴植，点
播；〔用点播器)埋种子 2 to make holes in(the earth) with a dibble
用挖穴器在〔土〕中挖穴
dibs /dibz; dibz/ n AmE infml have dibs on something to claim
something as yours【美，非正式】有权要求某物：I've got dibs on
playing second base. 我有打二垒的优先权
Di. Cap. ri. o /di`kaeprio; di'kaeprieu/, Le. o. nar. do /，lie`nardo
li:e'ng:deu/ (1973- )a US film actor who is very popular with
TEENAGE girls, and whose films include ROMEO AND JULIET
(1996) and Titanic (1997)莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥〔(1973-)
美国电影演员，深受年轻女孩喜爱，演出过的影片包括《罗密欧与
朱丽叶》(1996)和《泰坦尼克》(1997)〕
dice1 /dais; dais/ n pl. dice 1 [C] a small six-
sided block of wood, plastic etc, with a dif-
erent number of spots from 1 to 6 on the vari-
ous sides, used in games of chance 骰子，色
子：to throw/cast the dice 掷骰子| a pair of
dice 一对骰子 | A dice/One of the dice has
rolled under the table. 有一粒骰子滚到桌底下
去了。2 [U] any game of chance which is
played with these 掷骰子游戏；掷骰子赌博：to
play dice 摇动骰子〔作游戏或赌博)3 no dice
infml, especially AmE【非正式，尤美】a no use
没有用的，徒然的：It was no dice. 这是没有用的。b (used to
show refusal 用于表示拒绝)不行，没门儿：“Will you just ask
her for us?” -- “No dice. \"“你能代我们问问她吗
USAGE 用法说明 The old singular form die is now rare
especially in British English except in the saying 旧的单数
形式的die(骰子)现已不再用于英国英语，除了在下列谚语中：
The die is cast. (=the decision or action has been taken
and cannot now be changed)事已定局，木已成舟
dice2v1 [T] to cut (food) into small square pieces 把〔食物)切
成小方块：The meat should be finely diced. 肉应切成细丁。
diced carrots 胡萝卜丁 2 [I (for)] to play dice with someone, 
for money, possessions etc 掷骰子；掷骰子赌博：They spent thei
time drinking and dicing. 他们把时间花在喝酒和掷骰子赌博上。
3 dice with death to take a great risk 冒巨大危险
dice sthg.  away phr v [T] to lose (money or possessions)
by playing dice 掷骰子输掉〔钱财)：He diced away all his
money. 他掷骰子把钱输光了。
dic·ey /`daisi; 'daisi/ adj infml, especially BrE risky and
uncertain【非正式，尤英】冒险的：靠不住的，不确实的
di. chot. o. my /dai`katemi; dai'kotemi/ n [(between)] fml a di. 
vision into two especially opposite parts or groups【正式】一分
为二，对分；二分法〔把事物分成对立的两部分)：the growing
dichotomy between the opponents and supporters of nuclear
weapons核武器的反对者和支持者之间日益扩大的分化
dick /dik; dik/ n 1 taboo slang for【讳，俚】= PENIS 2 AmE slang
old-fash a PRIVATE DETECTIVE【美俚，过时】傻瓜 — see also
另见 CLEVEE DICK, SPOTTED DICK
Dick and Jane // two characters in simple US books used
for teaching children to read. Dick and Jane are a boy and girl
who have a dog called Spot. The books were popular in the
1950s and 1960s, but most people now think that they are too
boring, and that they only represent white, MIDDLE CLASS
Americans with traditional opinions about society. 迪克和简
〔美国儿童简易读物中的两个人物。迪克是男孩，简是女孩，他们
有一条叫“斑点”的狗。这些读物在20世纪50、60年代广受欢迎，
但现在大多数人认为这些内容很无聊，书中人物只代表持传统社会
观点的美国中产阶级白人)
dick·ens /`dikinz; 'diknz/ n the dickens euph infml, especially
BrE (used for adding force to an expression) the devil【婉，非
正式，尤英】〔用作加强语气〕究竟，到底：What/Who/Where the
dickens is that?那究竟是什么[谁；在哪儿]？
Dickens. Charles (1812-1870) a British writer whose novels
made him the most popular British writer of the 19th century, 
and are still very popular today. His books contain humorous
characters with unusual names, many of whom have become
very well known. But they also show how hard life was in
Victorian England, especially for poor people and children. 
His books include DAVID COPPERFIELD, OLIVER TWIST, GREAT
EXPECTA-TIONS, A CHRISTMAS CAROL, A TALE OF TWO CITIES
and The PICKWICK PAPERS. 狄更斯〔(1812-1870)，英国作家，
所创作的小说使他成为19世纪最受人喜爱的英国作家，现在这些
小说仍深受欢迎。其小说人物性格幽默，名字古怪，许多人物已经
广为人知。但是小说也展现了维多利亚时代，尤其对穷人和小孩来
说生活的艰难程度。小说包括《大卫·科波菲尔》《奥利弗·特威斯
特》、《远大前程》、《圣诞颂歌》、《双城记》和《匹克威克外传》〕
Dic. ken. si·an /di`kenzien; d'kenzien/ adj 1 Dickensian
buildings, factories, living conditions etc are poor, dirty, and
unpleasant, like conditions described in the books by Charles
Dickens〔建筑、工厂、生活条件等〕类似狄更斯小说中描述的；贫
困的；衰败的；脏乱的：living in Dickensian squalor 居住在脏
乱的环境之中2 a Dickensian CHRISTMAS is a happy, traditional
English Christmas, like those described in the books by Charles
Dickens〔圣诞节〕类似狄更斯小说中描述的；欢乐的
dick·er /`dike; 'dike/ v [I (for, with)] infml to argue about the
price for something one wants to buy; HAGGLE【非正式】讨价
还价
dick. head /dikhed; 'dikhed/ n taboo slang a complete fool. 
This word is mostly used only by young people, and is a very
dice 骰子
strong word which is offensive to some people. 【讳，俚】十足的
傻瓜〔该词大多为年轻人使用，语气很强烈，对某些人具有冒犯性〕
Dick. in. son/dikinsn: 'diknsan/. Em. j. lv/emili; 'emli/(1830
1886) a US poet whose clever and original work is still very
popular. She is sometimes called 'the Belle of Amherst', and
is known for being a RECLUSE (=someone who lives alone and
avoids other people) for the last 25 years of her life. 迪金森
〔(1830-1886)，美国诗人，其具有灵气的独创作品至今仍深受人
们喜爱。她有时也被称为“阿默斯特美女”，以隐居25年直至去世
而闻名〕
dick. v'/diki; 'diki/ adj BrE infml weak; likely to break or go
wrong【英，非正式】虚弱的；易垮掉的；可能出毛病的；靠不住的
“不行。
My father has a dicky heart. 我父亲的心脏很虚弱。| Be care-
ful up there! The ladder's a bit dicky. 在上面要小心！这梯子
不太稳。
dicky2n 1 also 又作 dickey AmE【美】- a false shirt-front 只有
前胸的假衬衫，衬衫的假前胸 2 especially BrE a small third seat
at the back of an old-fashioned two-seat car【尤英】〔旧式双座
汽车后的〕尾座，加座
dick·y-bird /`diki b3·d; 'dikib3:d/ n especially BrE【尤英】1 (used
especially by or to children) any small bird〔尤用于儿语)小鸟
2 [usually in negatives 一般用于否定句] slang a word; anything
0473
【俚】一个词；任何事：We haven't heard a dickybird from them
since they moved house. 自从他们搬家后，连一个字都没给我们
来过。
dic. ta /`dikte; 'dikte/ pl. of DICTUM
Dic. ta. phone /diktefon; 'diktefeun/ trademark a type of of-
fice machine on which you can record speech so that someone
can listen to it later and TYPE your words【商标】口授录音机
dic. tate1/diktet; dik'teit/ v1 [I; T(to)] to say (words) for some-
one else to write down or for a machine to record口授，口述，
使听写：He can't type so he dictates everything. 他不会打字，
所以写什么都口述叫别人打。| She dictated a letter to her
secretary. 她向秘书口授了一封信。2 [T (to)] to state (demands, 
conditions etc) with the power to make them happen命令；支
配，〔权威性地〕要求：We're now in a position to dictate our
own demands (to the management). 我们现在能够（向资方）强
硬地提出要求了。| [+wh-] We can dictate how the money will
be spent. 我们可以强制规定如何去花这笔钱。3 [T] to have a
controlling influence on; DETERMINE 支配，摆布；限定；规定：
The amount of money available will dictate the type of com-
puter we buy. 我们手头上有多少钱就决定了我们将买哪种型号
的电脑。
dictate to sbdy. phr v [T usually in negatives 一般用于否定
句]to give orders to, especially with an unreasonable show of
power 对〔某人)发号施令，任意指挥：I refuse to be dictated to!
我拒绝让人任意支使！ | [+wh-] We can't dictate to them how
they should spend their money. 我们不能任意规定他们该如何
花自己的钱。
dic. tate2/diktet; 'dikteit/ n [usually pl. 常用复数] an order which
should be obeyed, especially one that comes from one's own
mind〔尤指出自内心的)命令；指示；意旨：to followlobey the
dictates of your own conscience 听从[遵从]你自己良心的驱
使
dic. ta. tion /dik`tefen; dik'teifan/n 1 [U] the act of dictating or
of writing down what is dictated口授，口述；听写，笔录：a sec-
retary taking dictation 正按口授做笔录的秘书|Dictation
makes my throat sore. 口述使我喉咙发痛。2 [C] a piece of
writing that is dictated to test one's ability to hear and write a
foreign language correctly 〔外语的〕听写测验：The teacher gave
us two French dictations today. 老师今天给我们做了两次法文
听写。
dic. ta. tor /dik`teta; dik'teite/ n often derog a ruler who has
complete power over a country, especially if the power has
been gained by force【常贬】独裁者
dic. ta. to. ri. al /，dikte`toriel; , dikte'to:riel/ adj usually derog
(of people or behaviour) of or like a dictator; TYRANNICAL【-
般贬】〔人或举止〕独裁的；专横的；霸道的：a dictatorial ruler
独裁统治者 | dictatorial power 专政权力 | Don't be so
dictatorial!别这么专横！ — ~ly adv
dic. ta. tor. ship /dik`teta. fip; dik'teitefip/ n 1 [C; U](the pe-
riod of) government by a dictator 独裁统治（时期）2 [C] a coun-
try ruled by a dictator 独裁者统治的国家
dic. tion /`dikfen; 'dikfan/ n [U] 1 the way in which a person
pronounces words 发音法：Actors need training in diction. 演
员需要进行发音法的训练。2 the choice of words and phrases
to express meaning 措辞，用词：poetic diction (=the use of spe-
cial words in poetry)诗的词藻
list of words in alphabetical order, with their meanings in the
same or another language and usually their pronunciations词
典，字典，辞书：This book is a dictionary. 这是一部词典。| a
German-English dictionary 德英词典 2 a book like this that
deals with words and phrases concerning a special subject
业词典：a science dictionary科学词典|a dictionary of place
names 地名词典 — compare 比较 GLOSSARY, THESAURUS
Dictionary of Na. tion. al Bi. og. ra. phy, The /. . . /
also 又作 the DNB a book produced in the UK which contains
short accounts of the lives of important people in British his-
tory and society, arranged in alphabetical order《英国名人词
典》
dic. tum /`diktem; 'diktem/ n pl. -ta /-te; -te/ or-tums a formal
statement of opinion, especially made by a judge in court〔尤
指法官的)正式意见；断言，断定 — see also另见OBITER DIC-
TUM
did /did; did/ past tense of DO — see 参见 NOT (USAGE)
di. dac. tic /dar`daektik; dai'daektik/ adj fml【正式】1 (of speech
or writing)intended to teach, especially to teach a moral lesson
〔言论、文章〕说教的，教训的，教导的：didactic poetry教诲性的
诗篇2 derog(of a person) too eager to teach or give instructions
【贬】〔人〕喜欢教训人的；好说教的 — ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv
did. dle /`did]; 'didl/ v [T (out of)] infml to get something from
(someone)by dishonest means; cheat【非正式】向〔某人)骗取
〔物品〕；欺骗
did·dums /didemz; 'didemz/ interj BrE【英】(a word used to a
child to show that one is sorry that they are upset孩子不高兴时
对他表示同情的话)
did. ger. i. doo /，did3eridu; did3ari'du:/n pl. didgeridoos a long
WOODWIND instrument played by the Australian Aborigines, 
which has become well-known in Britain because the COME-
DIAN and entertainer Rolf HARRIS played it 狄洁里都号角〔澳
大利亚土著使用的一种长木管乐器，因喜剧演员、娱乐节目表演者
罗尔夫·哈里斯曾经吹过而在英国广为人知〕
Did. i. on /didien; 'didien/, Joan (1934-)a US writer best
known for A Book of Common Prayer 迪迪翁〔(1934-)，美
国作家，以《公祈书》最负盛名〕
did. n't /`didnt; 'didnt/ short for 缩略形式= did not: You saw
him, didn't you?你看见他了，不是吗？
Di. do /daido; 'daideu/ in ancient Roman stories, the queen of
CARTHAGE who loved AENEAS, and who killed herself when
he left her狄多〔古罗马传说中的迦太基女王，她爱上了埃涅阿斯，
遭抛弃后自杀) — see also 另见 the AENEID
didst /didst; didst/ thou didst old use or bibl【旧或圣经】(when
talking to one person 用于谈话对方为一人时)= you did
die1 /dai; dai/ v died, present participle dying /dain; 'dai-in/
1 [I (of); L] (of people, animals, and plants) to stop living; 
become dead〔人、动物〕死，死亡；〔植物〕枯萎，凋谢：She's very
ill and I'm afraid she's dying. 她病得很重，恐怕快要死了。
He died in his sleep. (=while he was sleeping)他在睡眠中死
去。| Three hundred people died in the air crash. 在这次飞机
失事中有300 人死亡。| She died of cancer/of hunger. 她死于
癌症[饥饿]。|(fig. 喻)His secret died with him. (=was lost
when he died)他的秘密随他一起被埋葬了。|(fig. 喻)My love
for you will never die. 我对你的爱将始终不渝。| He died happy. 
他含笑而逝。| She died a rich woman. 她死时很富有。| to die
by one's own hand (=kill oneself)自杀而死 | It was her dy-
ing wish(=a wish made as she was dying) to be buried next to
her husband. 把她埋葬在她丈夫旁边是她的临终遗愿。— see
Cultural Note at 参见 DEATH 文化注释 2 [I](of a machine) to
stop operating suddenly 〔机器)突然停止运行：The engine splut-
tered a few times then died. 发动机劈啪地响了几下便停下来不
动了。| The phone just died on me while I was in the middle
of a conversation. 我正在谈话时电话突然中断了。3 be dying
for/to infml to have a great wish for/to【非正式】极想，渴望：I'm
dying for a cigarette. 我真想抽支烟。| We're all dying to hear
what happened. 我们都渴望听听发生了什么事情。4 die a . 
death to die in a particular way 以·方式死亡：They died a
horrible death. 他们死得很惨。5 die hard(of old beliefs, cus-
toms etc)to take a long time to disappear(旧观念、旧风俗等)
不易根绝，难以灭绝 — see also 另见DIEHARD 6die in one's
bed to die quietly at home of old age or illness rather than
because of an accident, in war etc〔因年老患病而)在家中平安
去世；善终，寿终正寝 7 die (the death) of a thousand cuts to
be killed or destroyed very slowly, as if bleeding to death
through many small wounds 慢慢地被杀死[破坏]：Immediate
action is needed before legal and advice services die of a
thousand cuts. 在法律和咨询服务业病入膏肓之前，需要立即采
取行动。8 die with one's boots on to die while still working
or fighting 在工作中死去，猝死；战死 9 never say die never
admit that you have been defeated and are unable to do
something; a phrase used to encourage someone and make them
more cheerful决不要灰心〔用于鼓励人们振作起来)：“I've got
no chance, then. \" \"Come on, now, never say die! We still
haven't tried asking your father. ” “那么，我就没有机会了。” “好
了，振作起来，别灰心！我们还没有试过去问问你爸爸呢。”10to
one's dying day as long as one lives 终生，直到死时：I'll re-
member that awful sight to my dying day. 我终生都会记得那
个可怕的情景。 — see also 另见 do or die (DO2) 11 I almost/
nearly died also 又作 I just died AmE spoken used in order to
say that you felt very surprised, amused, or embarrassed by
something that happened【美，口】吃惊[开心，尴尬]死了：We
were watching the parade on TV and Jess said “Oh look, 
there's Heidi. \" — I almost died. 我们正在观看电视上播放的
游行时，杰斯说道：“噢，瞧，那是海蒂。”——我惊呆了。|I
dropped his CDs on the floor, and I just died because I was
sure I'd scratched them all. 我把他的激光唱片掉在了地上。我
肯定唱片都划损了，因此难堪得要命。12 sbdy. /sthg. is to die
for spoken used about someone you think is very attractive or
something that you think is beautiful or extremely good, espe-
cially clothing and food【口】〔人物〕极漂亮的；英俊的；〔尤其服
装、食物等〕好看的；美味的；优质的：Huston, with a body and
wardrobe to die for but an unforgiving face, stars in the new
0474
blockbuster. 休斯顿在他主演的这部新的大片中，表情冷峻，形体
和服饰令人倾倒。| Their triple chocolate mousse is to die
for. 他们的三层巧克力奶油冻好吃极了。
die awayphr v [I] (especially of sound, wind, light) to be-
come gradually less and less and finally stop〔尤指声音、风、
光〕渐渐消失
die backphr v [I] (of a plant) to die but remain alive in the
roots〔植物〕枝头枯萎（但根部仍活着）
die downphr v [I] (of physical qualities and feelings) to be-
come less strong or violent; SUBSIDE(3)〔物质特性和感情的)
逐渐减弱；逐渐平息：The fire/The wind is dying down. 火势
[风势]正渐渐减弱。| The excitement soon died down. 兴奋的
情绪很快就平静下来了。
die offphr v [I] (of a group of living things) to die one by
one 〔一群生物)相继死去：As she got older and older, her rela-
tives all died off. 随着她越来越老，她的亲属都相继去世了。
die outphr v [I] (of families, races, customs, and ideas) to
disappear completely; become EXTINCT〔家族、种族)灭绝，死绝；
〔做法、观念〕完全消失，绝迹；废除：The practice of children
working in factories has nearly died out. 工厂中使用童工的做
法已几乎绝迹。
die2n 1 a metal block used for shaping metal, plastic etc 金属模
子；冲模；压模；铸模 2 old or AmE singular of DICE'(1)【旧或
美】骰子〔之单数)3 The die is castthe decision or action has
been taken and cannot now be changed 事已定局，木已成舟-
see 参见 DICE(USAGE)
die-cast·ing/'. ·/n [C; U] (something made by) the process
of making metal objects by forcing(not pouring) the liquid
metal under pressure into a MOULD(=a hollow container)压
铸，模铸〔将液态的金属注入铸模中加压制造的方法)；压铸件，模
铸件
die. hard/`dai, hard; 'daiha:d/ n a person who opposes change
and refuses to accept new ideas even when they are good 顽固
分子，死硬的保守分子：a diehard conservative顽固的保守派
It's no good asking him to join the union; he's a real diehard. 
叫他参加工会是徒劳，他是一个真正的死硬分子。 — see also另
见 die hard(DIE1)
Di. eppe/dr`ep; di'ep/ a port in N France, on the English Channel. 
Boats regularly carry people and cars between Dieppe and the
English port of Newhaven. 迪耶普〔法国北部一港口，临英吉利
海峡，定班渡轮来往于迪耶普和英国的纽黑文之间载运乘客和车
辆〕
di. e. re. sis /dai`cresis; dai'ierss/ n pl. -ses /-siz; -si:z/ =
DIAERESIS
die·sel/^dizl; 'di:zal/ also 又作 diesel fu·el /'··/， diesel oil /'·
/-n 1 [U] a type of heavy oil used instead of petrol etc in
DIESEL ENGINES 柴油 2 [C] infml, especially AmE a vehicle
that runs on diesel fuel【非正式，尤美】内燃机车；柴油车；柴油
船
diesel en-gine/'. . / n an engine that burns diesel instead of
petrol, often used for buses and trains, and goods vehicles. More
cars are also beginning to have diesel engines now, as diesel is
a cheaper and less wasteful FUEL than petrol. It is also safer if
there is an accident, and causes less POLLUTION. 柴油机，内燃
机〔常用于公共汽车、火车和货车中。现在越来越多的小汽车也开
始采用柴油机，因为与汽油相比，柴油便宜、浪费少。如果发生意
外，柴油机较为安全而且污染小〕
di. et'/`daiet; 'daiet/ n 1 [C; U] the sort of food and drink usu-
ally taken by a person or group 日常饮食[食物]：A balanced
diet and regular exercise are both important for health. 均衡
的饮食和有规律的运动对健康都是很重要的。| The poor people
in Ireland used to live on a diet of potatoes. 爱尔兰的穷人以
前以马铃薯为主食。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 a healthy diet In recent
years, people in the US and UK have become more con-
cerned about the food they eat and the effect it has on their
health. People are worried about ADDITIVES(=added
chemicals)in food, and many people have reduced the
amount of salt, fat, and sugar that they eat in order to lose
weight, lower their CHOLESTEROL, and reduce their risk of
getting HEART DISEASE. 有益于健康的饮食：近年来，美国人
和英国人越来越关心所吃的食物及其对健康的影响。人们担
心食物中含有添加剂，不少人减少了盐、脂肪和糖的摄入量以
达到减肥、降低胆固醇和减少心脏病发病率的目的。-see
Cultural Note at 参见 HEALTHY 文化注释
2 [C] a limited list of food and drink that a person is allowed, 
e. g. one that is controlled for medical reasons〔尤指因医疗原因
而规定的)特种饮食，规定的饮食；饮食限制：The doctor ordered
him to go on a dietto lose weight. 医生要他按规定节食以减
肥。| a high-fibre diet 高纤维食物| I'm finding it impossible
to stick to my diet. 我逐渐发现按规定节食是不可能的。
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 going on a diet Many
people, especially women, regularly go on a diet(=have a
period of time when they eat less than usual in order to
become thinner)because they think they will look more
attractive if they are thinner. They pay companies such as
WEIGHT WATCHERS to help them develop their own diet
programmes and to give them support while they are los-
ing weight. Most women's magazines include diet plans, 
and every year new books are published that contain the
latest diets. 节食：许多人，尤其是女性会定期节食，因为她们
认为瘦一点看上去更加迷人。她们花钱让“体重控制协会”等
公司帮助她们制定节食计划，并在减肥期间给予她们支持。大
多数女性杂志都刊登节食计划，而且每年都有关于最新节食动
向的书籍出版。
diet2v [I] to eat according to a special diet, especially in order
to become thinner and so more attractive〔尤指为减肥以使更加
漂亮而)按规定进食，忌口，实行节食：No sugar in my coffee, 
please; I'm dieting. 请别在我的咖啡中放糖，我正在按规定进食。
 — see also 另见 DIETER
diet3n 1 a meeting to talk about political or church matters(讨
论政治、宗教事务的)会议2(often cap. 常用大写)(in certain
countries)a parliament〔某些国家的)议会，国会
di·e·ta·ry/daie, teri; 'daietari/ adjof or concerning diet(有关)
饮食的；规定饮食的；食物疗法的：religious dietary rules有关
饮食的教规
dietary fi·bre/, ·. '·/ n fml for【正式】= FIBRE(2)
diet co-la/'. , . ·/ n [C; U] a CARBONATED dark-coloured DIET
DRINK低热量可乐，健怡可乐
diet drink/'. , / n a non-alcoholic drink, usually CARBONATED, 
which contains very few CALORIES, drunk especially by people
who want to lose weight or who do not want to put on any
weight 低热量饮料〔一种不含酒精的饮料，通常含二氧化碳，热量
极低，尤为想减肥或不想增加体重者饮用〕
di. et. er/daiete; 'daiete/ n a person who diets or is dieting 按
规定进食的人；正在实行节食的人
di. e. tet. ics/, daie`tatiks; daie'tetiks/ n [U] the science of diet
and its effects on health 饮食学，营养学 - dietetic /daie`tatik; 
daie'tetik√ adj: dietetic studies 营养学研究
di. e. ti. cian, -tian /daie`tifen; daie'tifan/ n a person trained in
dietetics饮食学家，营养学家
Die. trich/`ditrik; 'di:trik/, Mar. le. ne /mar`lene; ma:r'leine/
(1901-1992)a German actress who became a famous film ac-
tress in the US. She was known for being sexually attractive, 
and for singing in a deep, sexy voice. Her films include The
Blue Angel(1930) and Destry Rides Again(1939). 黛德丽
〔(1901-1992)，德国女演员，后成为美国著名影星，以外表性感、
歌声深沉诱人闻名，演过的影片包括《蓝天使》(1930)和《德斯特
里再演记》(1939)〕
Dieu et mon droit/ dju e man `drwa; dj3: er mon 'drwa:/ Fr
God and my right; the MOTTO on the British royal family's
COAT OF ARMS【法】上帝及我的权利〔英国王室纹章上的铭文〕
dif-fer/dife; 'dife/v [I] 1 [(from, in)] to be dissimilar in nature, 
character, type etc; be different 有区别，与··相异，不同于：Their
house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子和我
的不同，区别在于他们的没有车库。| The two squares differ in
colour but not in size. 这两个正方形的区别在于颜色而不在于
大小。2 [(with, about, on, over )] (of people) to have an oppo-
site opinion; disagree〔人〕看法不同；与··意见相左：The two
sides in the dispute still differ (with each other) over the ques-
tion of pay. 争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各持己见。| You can't
persuade me to change my mind about this -we'll just have
to agree to differ. (=accept that we have different opinions)
你无法说服我对此改变看法——我们只好承认彼此的意见不一。
3 I beg to differfml I disagree with you【正式】恕我不能同意
*dif-fe-rence/`diferens; 'difarens/ n [(between)] 1 [C] a way of
being dissimilar; something that makes one thing different from
another 不同之处，差异点：There are many differences between
living in a city and living in the country. 住在城市和住在乡下
有很多不同之处。2 [S; U] the fact of being different, or an
amount by which one thing is different from another 差别，差
额：There's a big difference between understanding a lan-
guage and being able to speak it. 懂一种语言和能讲这种语言
有很大的差别。[ I can't see much difference between these
two books. 我看不出这两本书有多大差别。| The difference in
price was only ￡10 so we decided to take the plane. 票价只相
0475
差10英镑，因此我们决定乘飞机。|It doesn't make any diffe. 
rence/the slightest difference to me whether you go or stay. 
(=I don't care at all)你是去是留对我都无所谓。|When you're
learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a big diffe-
rence/makes all the difference. (=has a noticeable or valu-
able effect)学习驾驶时，如有一位好教练指导，效果大不相同。3
[C often pl. 常用复数] a slight disagreement(不太大的)意见分
歧，不和：They've settled their differences and are friends
again. 他们解决了彼此间的分歧，重归于好。| They had a dif-
ference of opinion over who should drive, but Sue won in the
end. 他们对谁来驾驶有不同意见，但最后还是苏赢了。 — see also
另见 split the difference (SPLIT1)
*diffe·rent /`diferent; 'diferent/ adj 1 [(from, than, to)] unlike; 
not the same or of the same kind 不一样的，不同的，差异的：
Mary and Jane are quite different (from each otherlto each
other). 玛丽和简很不一样。| She looks different with her hair
short. 她留短发样子都变了。2 separate; other; DISTINCT 各别
的；另外的：This is a different car from the one I drove
yesterday. 这是另外一辆车，不是我昨天驾驶的那一辆。| Their
three children all go to different schools. (=they do not all go
to the same one) 他们三个孩子分别上不同的学校。| I've started
using a different (=another) brand. 我已开始使用另一种牌子。|
We make this dress in three different colours. 我们做的这种
连衣裙，有三种不同的颜色。3 various; several各种各样的；种
种的：Different members of the party complimented her on
her speech. 该党的各类成员都赞扬她的发言。4 infml, some-
times derog unusual; special【非正式，有时贬】不平常的；与众
不同的；特别的：“What do you think of our new carpet?”
“Well, it's certainly different. ” “你觉得我们的新地毯怎么样？”
‘哦，它确实与众不同。”5 and now for something completely
different quote a phrase regularly used in the British televi-
sion programme Monty Python's Flying Circus. It is now used
to suggest that something very strange and funny is about to
happen. 【引】接下来的演出可要换换口味啦〔英国电视节目《蒙蒂
皮松的飞行杂技》中经常使用的一句话，现在被用来指一件很奇
特、有趣的事即将发生) — see also 另见 MONTY PYTHON — ~l
adv
□USAGE 用法说明 1 Teachers prefer different(ly) from
out different(ly) to BrE and different(ly) than AmE are
also commonly used. 教师一般喜欢用 different(ly) from
但英国英语的 different(ly) to 和美国英语的 different(ly)
than 也很通用。2 Compare 比较 different and 和 various
Both mean 'not the same'but various is used about sev
eral things which are not the same. 两者都表示“不同的”。
但 various 用于数种不同的事物：The minister gave vari-
ous reasons (=a number of different reasons) for the
government's decision. (部长提出了各种理由说明政府为什
么做出这个决定。)| This time the minister gave different
reasons (not the same as last time)for the government's
decision. (这次部长用了不同的理由来说明政府的决定。)
dif·fe. ren·tial'/. dife`renfel; dife'renfel/n 1 an amount or
degree of difference between things, especially difference in
wages between people doing jobs of different types in the same
industry or profession 差别，差异；（尤指同行业不同工作间的）工
资差别：The management are keen to maintain existing pay
differentials. 资方很想维持现有的工资差别。2 a DIFFERENTIAL
GEAR差动齿轮，差速齿轮
differential2adj based on or depending on a difference 依差别
而定的；区别的；差别的：differential rates of pay/tax accord-
ing to one's income 不同的薪酬率：按个人收入而定的不同税率
differential cal-cu. lus /. . . /n [(the) U] (in MATHEMATICS)
a way of measuring the speed at which an object is moving at
a particular moment; one of the two ways of making calcula-
tions about quantities which are continually changing 〔数学)
微分（学） — compare 比较 INTEGRAL CALCULUS
differential gear /，. . '/ n an arrangement of GEARs that al-
lows one back wheel of a car to turn faster than the other wher
the car goes round a corner 差动齿轮，差速齿轮
dif·fe·ren·ti·ate /，dife`ranfi, et; , dife'renfieit/ v1 [I(between); 
T(from)] to see or express a difference (between); DISTIN-
GUISH or DISCRIMINATE 区分，区别；区别对待：This company
does not differentiate between men and women- everyone
is paid at the same rate. 本公司对男女员工一视同仁 -— 大家
都按相同的薪酬标准领工资。| Can you differentiate this kind
of rose from the others?你能把这种玫瑰与其他玫瑰品种区分
开来吗？2 [T(from)] (of a quality) to make different by its
presence〔性质〕构成··间的差别；使··与·不同：What differen·
tiates these two products?是什么使得这两种产品有所区别？
Its unusual nesting habits differentiate this bird from others
这种鸟独特的筑巢习惯使其不同于其他鸟。—-ation /dife, ran∫r
`efen; , diferenfi'eifen/n[C; U]
*dif-fi. cult /`dife kalt; 'difikelt/ adj1 needing a lot of effort, skill
etc; hard to do, make, understand, or deal with; not easy困难
的；艰难的；难的；麻烦的：English is difficult/is a difficult lan-
guage. 英语难学 [是一种很难学的语言]。| a difficult exam -
次很难的考试 | [+to-v] It was a difficult choice to make. 作出
这一抉择相当困难。| It was difficult (for us) to decide which
one to buy. （对我们来说，）难以决定买哪一个。2 (of people) hard
to deal with; not easy to please or persuade; OBSTINATE〔人)不
易相处的，难对付的：难讨好的：固执的：a difficult child一个难
管的孩子 | She's just being difficult. 她是在闹别扭呢。3 full
of problems; causing unhappiness, anxiety etc 问题很多的；令
人不快的，令人焦虑的：The educational system has been go-
ing through a difficult time owing to cuts in public expendi-
ture. 由于公共开支的削减，教育系统正处于艰难时期。| His an-
gry employees did their best to make life difficult for him
(=cause problems for him)他那些愤怒的雇员想尽办法给他制
造麻烦。— see 参见 UNEASY(USAGE)
*dif-fi. culty /dife kvlti; 'difikalti/n 1 [U (in)] the fact or qual-
ity of being difficult; trouble 困难，艰难；麻烦：She had great
difficulty in understanding him. 她很难理解他说的话。| His
English was very bad and he spoke with difficulty. 他的英语
很差，因此他说起来很吃力。| We managed to finish it without
much/any difficulty. 我们没费多大[任何]劲儿就设法把它完成
了。2 [C often pl. 常用复数] something difficult; a situation or
problem that causes trouble 难处；困境；麻烦事：He's having
financial difficulties. 他正手头拮据。| When sales slowed
down, the companygot into difficulties. 当销售额下降，公司
便陷入了困境。
dif-fi-dent /`difedent; 'difdant/ adj [(about)] 1 lacking a belief
in one's own qualities and abilities, and therefore unwilling to
speak or act with confidence 缺乏自信的；胆怯的；羞怯的：He
i rather diffident about expressing his opinions. 他不大好意
思表达自己的意见。2 RESERVED`沉默寡言的；含蓄的；矜持的
 — ~ly ady -- -dence n [U]
dif. fract /di`fraekt; di'fraekt/ v [T] tech to break up (a beam of
light) into the SPECTRUM (=a number of dark and light or
coloured bands)【术语】使〔光束〕衍射，绕射 — ~ion /di`fraekfen; 
di'fraek[an/ n [U]
dif-fuse/di`fjuz; di'fju:z/ v [I; T] fml to (cause to) spread out
freely in all directions; DISPERSE【正式】（使）扩散；（使）弥漫；
(使)传播：to diffuse knowledgela smellla feeling of happiness
传播知识；散发气味；使愉快的气氛传播开--fusion/dr`fju3en; 
di'fju:3an/ n [U]: Clouds cause the diffusion of light from the
sun. 云引起太阳光线的漫射。
dif·fuse2 /di`fjus; dr'fju:s/ adj fml【正式】1 diffused 四散的；弥
漫的：漫射的；传播的：Direct light is better for reading than
diffuse light. 直射光比漫射光更有利于阅读。2 derog using too
many words and not keeping to the point【贬】冗长的，啰唆的，
累赘的：a diffuse speech/writer 冗长的演说；文字啰唆的作者
 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
*dig1 /dig; dig/v dug /dvg; dvg/; present participle digging 1 [I; 
T] to break up and move (earth), especially using a spade〔尤
指用锹〕挖〔土〕，掘〔地)：to dig the garden 在菜园里翻地 | The
dog has been digging in that corner for an hour. 狗在那个角
落里已扒了一个钟头。| to dig for gold (=look for it by digging)
挖掘金子 2 [I; T] to make (a hole) by taking away the earth挖
(洞)：to dig a hole 挖一个洞 | We shall have to dig under th
river/through the mountain to lay this pipe. 为铺设这条管道，
我们一定要在河床[大山]下面挖一条通道。| The prisoners
escaped by digging an underground tunnel. 囚犯挖了一条地
道逃跑了。 — see also 另见 DIGGER, DIGGINGS 3 [T] to un-
cover (especially root vegetables) by taking away the earth采
掘〔尤指块根类蔬菜)； to dig potatoes 挖马铃薯 4 [T] old-fash
slang to like and understand; APPRECIATE【过时，俚】中意；了
解；欣赏：I really dig the way she sings. 我真喜欢她那种唱法
5 dig for victory a phrase used in Britain during World War Il
to encourage people to grow their own fruit and vegetables in
order to help Britain win the war 为胜利而种地〔第二次世界大
战期间在英国使用的一个短语，鼓励民众为帮助英国赢得战争而自
己动手种植水果和蔬菜)6dig one's own grave to cause one's
own failure, ruin, or death 自掘坟墓；自己害自己：You're just
digging your own grave if you go on smoking so heavily. 你
继续这样大量吸烟，就是在自掘坟墓。7dig someone in the ribs
to touch someone with one's elbow, especially to share a joke
用胳膊肘触碰某人〔尤指促其领会某笑话
dig in phr v 1 [T] (dig sthg. in) to mix (something) into
the soil by digging 翻土埋进〔某物)：to dig in some fertilizer/
0476
dig some fertilizer into the soil 翻土埋进肥料 2 [I; T (=dig
sbdy. in)] to make a protective place for (oneself) by digging
挖掩体防守[隐蔽]：The soldiers were ordered to dig (them-
selves) in. 士兵得到命令要挖掩体隐蔽起来。3 [T] (dig sbdy. 
in) infml to establish (oneself) in a position; get (oneself) firmly
settled【非正式】确立〔自己〕的地位；使〔自己〕站稳脚跟：I like my
new job but I haven't had time to dig myself in yet. 我喜欢我
的新工作，但要坐稳这个职位还得有一段时间。| I'm well dug
in now. 现在我的地位很稳固了。4 [I] infml to help oneself to
food and start eating; TUCK in【非正式】开始（不客气地）吃：大
吃：Here's your breakfast, so dig in! 这是你的早餐，快吃吧！5
dig one's heels in infml to refuse to change one's mind or do
what others want【非正式】坚持自己的立场，固执己见
dig into phr y [T] 1 (dig sthg. into sbdy. /sthg. ) to push into
把·戳进；把·插入[刺入]：to dig a fork into the meat 用餐叉
叉肉 2(dig into sthg. ) to examine thoroughly 细查；探究；钻研：
The police are digging into all the old files connected with
this case. 警方正在仔细查阅与这案子有关的所有旧档案。
dig sthg. out phr y [T (of)] 1 to get out by digging; free
from being buried 把·· （从·）挖出来； to dig the car out of the
snow 把汽车从雪堆中挖出来 2 to find by searching 找出；查出
发现； I dug out these old trousers to give to the boy. 我找出这
些旧裤子送给那个男孩。| By careful questioning they man-
aged to dig out the information they were looking for. 经过仔
细询问，他们设法（从他口中）弄到了他们一直想得到的情报
dig sthg. up phr v [T] 1 to find or take out of the ground
by digging （从土中）挖出，掘起：We dug up the rose bushes and
planted some cabbages. 我们把玫瑰丛挖出来，然后种上一些卷
心菜。2 to find (something hidden or fogotten) by careful
searching; UNEARTH 找出，发现；查明；揭露：Her political op-
ponents dug up a scandal from her past, 她的政敌从她以往的
经历中揭露出一桩丑闻。
dig2n infml【非正式】1 a quick push; POKE 触，碰，戳，刺：John'
falling asleen -- just give him a dig!约翰要睡着了, 捅他一下!
(fig. 喻) That last remark was a dig at me. (=made in order to
annoy me)最后那句话是为了挖苦我。2 a process of digging
up an ancient place, town, or building so that it can be studied
by students of ancient times〔考古学的)挖掘工作：to go on ar
archaeological dig 去从事考古学的发掘工作 — see also 另见
DIGS
di·gest'/dai`d3Est; dai'd3est/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) be changed
after eating into a form that the body can use 消化〔食物) ：Mar
can't digest fat. 玛丽不能消化脂肪性食物。| Cheese doesn't
digest easily. 乳酪不易消化。2 [T] to think about and under-
stand the meaning or importance of; ASSIMILATE(2)领会，领
悟，理解； It took me some time to digest what I had heard. 我
花了一些时间才把听到的东西弄明白。 — compare 比较INGEST
~ible adj
di. gest2 /`daid3est; 'daid3est/ n a short account of a piece of
writing which gives the most important facts 摘要，文摘：a di-
gest of Roman laws 罗马法摘要
di. ges. tion /de`d3stfen; dai'd3estfan/ n [C; U] the act of di-
gesting or the ability to digest food消化；消化力，消化作用：He
has a good/weak digestion. 他的消化力很强 [弱]。| This rich
food is bad for your digestion. 这种油腻的食物不利于你消化。
 — compare 比较 INDIGESTION
di·ges. tive /de`d38stiv; dai'd3estiv/ adj [A] connected with or
helping in the digesting of food 消化的；助消化的：the diges
tive processes 消化过程 | the human digestive system 人类消
化系统
digestive bis. cuit /·，··/ n a type of plain, slightly sweet BIS
CUIT which is popular in the UK and is sometimes eaten with
cheese 消化饼〔在英国深受人们喜爱，有时与干酪同食〕
dig·ger /`digo; 'dige/ n a person or machine that digs 挖掘者：
挖掘机，挖掘用具
dig. gings /'diginz; 'diginz/ n [P] 1 a place where people dig
for metal, especially gold 矿区，矿场〔尤指金矿) 2 old-fash for
【过时】=DIGS
di-git /`did3it; 'did3t/ n 1 any of the numbers from 0 to 9〔从0
到9的任何一个)数字：The number 2001 contains four digits
数目2001包含4个数字。2 fml a finger or toe【正式】手指；足
趾
di-gi. tal /did3etl; 'did3tl/ adj1 of or based on a system in which
information is represented in the form of changing electrical
signals 数字式的，使用数字的，数字信息系统的，数码的：a high-
quality digital sound recording优质数码录音 2 showin quan-
tity in the form of numbers, rather than as a point on a scale etc
数字显示的：a digital watch 数字显示式电子手表 | a digital
reading 数字显示的读数 3 fml of the fingers and toes【正式】手
指的；足趾的 — ~ly adv
Digital trademark the usual name for the Digital Equipment
Corporation (also known as DEC), one of the largest computer
companies in the world, which is based in the US. Digital pro-
duces both HARDWARE and SOFTWARE, and its products in-
clude the Internet SEARCH ENGINE called ALTAVISTA. 【商标】
数字公司〔数字设备公司的常用名称，又称DEC, 世界最大的电脑
制造商之一，总部设在美国。该公司生产电脑硬件及软件，其产品
包括互联网搜索引擎“阿尔塔维斯塔”
digital au·di·o tape /，· '· ，/ n [U] see 参见 DAT
digital camera /. ·. '·. / n a camera that does not contain any
film, but stores photographs as digital images which you can
look at and change on a computer screen 数码照相机
digital clock /，· ·/ n a clock which shows the time as a line of
numbers usually on the 24 hour system instead of having two
hands point to the numbers 数字显示式时钟
digital com·pact cas·sette /··. ·/ also又作 DCC (abbrev
缩写)，digital cassette /，·. / - n a container holding sound
that has been digitally recorded 数码盒式录音带
digital compact cassette play. er /. . . . . ·/ also 又作 digi-
tal cassette player /，· ·'·，··/ n a machine for playing digital
compact cassettes 数码盒带放音机
digital compact disc /. . . '/ n a COMPACT DISC on which
sound is recorded in the form of changing electrical signals
(digitally)数码激光唱片
digital com. put. er /. . / n a type of computer, now the most
common type, that performs operations by using a BINARY sys-
tem 数字计算机，数位电脑 — compare 比较 ANALOGUE COM-
PUTER
digital re. cord·ing /. . . / n 1 (the act of) recording using a
system of numbers instead of sound waves 数码录音方式 2 a
recording made in this way 数码录音制品
di·gi·tize, also 又作 -tise BrE【英】/`did3e, taiz; 'did3taiz/ν[T]
to put (information) into a digital form 使（信息）数字化--tizer
n --tization /did3etai`zefen; , did3tai'zeifan/n [U]
dig. nified /digne faid; 'dignfaid/ adj having or showing dig-
nity 有尊严的；庄严的；威严的，高贵的：a dignified manner 庄
重的举止|a dignified old man 威严的老人 — opposite 反义
词undignified
dig. ni·fy /`digne fai; 'dignfai/v[T (by, with)] to give dignity
or importance to (especially something that does not deserve
it)使有尊严，使高贵；把··夸大为，抬高·的身价：Don't try to
dignify those few hairs on your face by calling them a beard!
别想把你脸上那几根毛说成是胡子来美化它！
dig. ni·ta. ry /digne teri; 'digntari/ n fml a person holding a high
position, especially in public life【正式】〔尤指公共生活中的
显贵，要人：Many of the local dignitaries attended the funeral. 
许多本地的达官贵人都参加了葬礼
dig. ni. ty /`digneti; 'dignti/ n 1 [U] calmness, formality, and
seriousness of manner or style〔风度等的〕庄严；端庄；尊严；威
: The dignity of the occasion was spoilt when she fell down
the steps. 她跌倒在台阶上，破坏了那场合的庄重气氛。2[U]
goodness and nobleness of character, of a kind that makes
people feel respect and admiration〔品格等的〕高尚，尊贵，高贵，
体面：an old lady of great dignity 极其尊贵的老妇人 3 [C]a
high position, rank, or title高位，显职；封号 4 beneath one's
dignity below one's standard of social or moral behaviour有
失身份，损害尊严 — see also 另见 INDIGNITY, stand on one's
dignity(STAND1(26)
di-graph /`daigraef; 'daigra:f/ n tech a pair of letters that repre-
sent one sound, such as 'ea' in 'head' and 'ph' in'phrase'【术
语】〔读作单音的〕二合字母<如“head”中的“ea”和“phrase”
中的“ph”>
di. gress /de`gres; dai'gres/ v [I (from)] fml (of a writer or
speaker) to turn aside from the main subject or line of argu-
ment and talk about something else【正式】〔作者、讲话者〕离开
主题，转移话题：I'll tell you a funny story, if I may digress
(from my subject) for a moment, 如果允许我暂时离开主题的
话，我给你们讲个好笑的故事。 — ~ion /-`grafen; -'grefan/ n[C; 
U (from)]: several long digressions (from the subject) in this
chapter 这一章中的几处冗长的离题话
digs /digz; digz/ n [P] BrE infml one or more rented furnished
rooms; LODGINGS【英，非正式】寄宿处；租住的房间：When his
family left London, Tom moved into digs. 汤姆的家人离开伦
敦后，他便搬进宿舍寄宿了
Di. jon /di`3an; 'di:3on/ a city in eastern central France that is
known especially for producing MUSTARD 第戎〔法国中东部-
城市，尤以出产芥末闻名
dike', dyke /daik; daik/ n 1 a wall or bank built to keep back
water and prevent flooding. In an old story, a little Dutch boy
saved his area from being flooded by putting his finger in a
0477
hole in a dike to stop the water coming through, 堤：坝：堰〔传
说中，有位荷兰小男孩用手指堵住堤坝中的漏洞从而使他住的地区
免遭水淹) ：The government's policy is a bit like sticking your
finger in the dike when the hole's already quite big, 政府的这
个政策有点像等到堤坝中的漏洞很大了才用手指去堵。-com-
pare 比较 DAM' 2 especially BrE a narrow passage dug to carry
water away; DITCH【尤英】沟，渠；壕沟 3 ScotE a wall, espe-
cially round a field【苏格兰】〔圈地的〕低土墙
dike2, dyke n slang, usually derog a woman who is sexually
attracted to other women; LESBIAN【俚，一般贬】搞同性恋的女
子
dik·tat/dik`taet; dik'taet/ n often derog【常贬】1 [C] an order
forced on people by a ruler or a country which has beaten them
in a war 〔统治者或战胜国的〕强制命令 2 [U] the practice of giv-
ing such orders 勒令，强迫服从：government by diktat 专制政
府
di. lap. i. dat. ed/de`laepe detid; d'laepdeitd/ adj (of things) in
bad condition because of age or lack of care; falling to pieces
〔东西〕破烂的；损坏的；要倒塌的；a dilapidated old car/castle
破烂的旧车；快要倒塌的城堡
di. lap. i. da. tion/de laepe`defen; dlaep'deifan/ n [U] the state
of being dilapidated 破烂[坍毁]（状态）
di·lap. i. da. tions /delaepe`defenz; dlaep'deifanz/ n [P] BrE
law the money that one must pay for damage done to a fur-
nished house that one has been renting【英，律】〔租住附家具房
屋的房客所支付的〕折旧费，维修费
di. late /dai`let; dai'leit/ v [I; T] a (of parts of the body, espe
cially the eyes) to become wider or further open by stretching
[尤指眼睛等身体部位〕扩大，扩张； Her eyes dilated with terror
她吓得瞪大了眼睛。b to cause to become wider or further open
使扩大，使扩张：The cat dilated its eyes. 猫瞪大了双眼。- -lation
/dai`lefen; dai'leifan/ n [U]
dilate on/uponsthg. phr v [T] fml to speak or write at length
on (a subject)【正式】详述
dil·a·to. ry /`dile tori; 'diletari/ adj fml (of people or their
behaviour) slow in action; showing a tendency to delay【正式】
〔人或其行动〕缓慢的，迟缓的，拖拉的； I must apologize for be
ing so dilatory in replving to your letter, 迟复为歉
Dil. bert/dilba-t; 'dilbet/ a popular US CARTOON STRIP by Scott
Adams, about a computer engineer called Dilbert who works
in an office. Although he is kind, intelligent, and works hard
he is never very successful because his manager gives unrea. 
sonable orders and his company has many silly and annoying
rules. Dilbert has an intelligent dog called Dogbert, who wears
glasses and speaks, and who believes that people will only do
things that give them an advantage. 《呆伯特》〔斯科特·亚当斯
创作的美国流行连环漫画，讲述一位在办公室工作的电脑工程师呆
伯特的故事。尽管他善良、聪明而且工作努力，但因为经理的命令
毫无道理，公司的制度愚蠢且令人气恼，所以他从没有取得成功。
呆伯特有只戴眼镜、会说话的狗，叫做多格伯特，它认为人类只会
做能给他们好处带来的工作〕
dil-do /`dildo; 'dildeu/ n pl. -dos an object shaped like a PENIS
(=male sex organ)that can be placed inside a woman's VA
GINA for sexual pleasure人造男性生殖器
di. lem. ma/de`lame; d'leme/n a situation in which one has to
make a difficult choice between two courses of action, both
perhaps equally undesirable〔被迫自不喜欢的两者中择其一而)
左右为难：She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at schoot
or get a job. 是留在学校还是找工作，她处于进退两难的境地。
Their offer has put me in a bit of a dilemma. 他们的提议使我
有点左右为难。 — see also 另见 on the horns of a dilemma
(HORN)
dil·et·tan·te/, dile`taenti; dil'taenti/n pl. -tes or -ti /-ti; -ti/ usu-
ally derog a person who studies or has an interest in some
activity, such as an art or branch of knowledge, but does no
take it very seriously【一般贬】〔对艺术、学问等有兴趣但并不认
真的〕浅薄的涉猎者，闹着玩的人，半吊子 — compare 比较 AMA-
TEUR - dilettante adj
dil-i-gence /`diled3ens; 'dild3ans/ n 1 [U] the quality of being
diligent 勤勉，勤奋；用功 2 [C] (in former times) a public car-
riage pulled by horses〔旧时的〕公共马车，驿车
dil. i. gent /`diled3ent; 'dild3ant/ adj (of people or their
behaviour) hardworking; showing steady careful effort〔人或
其行为〕勤奋的，勤勉的，孜孜不倦的：He's not especially clever, 
but he's a diligent worker and should do well in the
examinations. 他不是特别聪明，但是很用功，因此在考试中应该
考得好。| Diligent police inquiries eventually turned up some
clues. 经警方用心地查询，最终找到了一些线索。 — ~ly adv
dill/dil; dil/ n [U] a plant whose seeds are used to give a rather
sharp taste to food 莳萝，草茴香
Dil-lin-ger/`dilnd3e: 'dilnd3e/, John (1903-1934) a famous
US ROBBER and murderer. In 1933 and 1934 he and his GANG
(=group of criminals) robbed many different banks in the US. 
using guns and killing many people. The FBI finally organized
a trap and shot him as he was leaving a theatre. 迪林杰〔 (1903-
1934), 美国臭名昭著的抢劫犯和杀人犯。1933年至1934年间，
他与其团伙在美国武装抢劫了多家银行并杀害许多人。美国联邦
调查局最终设置诱捕陷阱，在他正要离开一家剧院时对他开枪〕
Dil-lon's/`dilenz: 'dilenz/ trademark a British bookshop which
has a large store near the main university buildings in central
London, and many other stores in the UK【商标】狄龙兹书店
〔英国书店，在伦敦市中心一家大学的主楼旁开设了大型书店，并
在英国开设了许多书店〕
dill pick. le /，'·/ n a CUCUMBER which has been preserved
whole, often served with SANDWICHes. Thin pieces of dill
pickle are called dill slices. 加了小茴香的腌黄瓜〔常与三明治
一同食用，其薄片称 dill slices〕
dil-ly/`dili; 'dili/ n AmE infml something exciting or remarkable
【美，非正式】精彩的事物；不平常的东西：a dilly of a rollercoaster
惊险的云霄飞车
dil-ly. dal-ly/`dili daelr; 'dili, daeli/ v [I] infml to waste time, es. 
pecially by being unable to make up one's mind or by stop-
ping often in the middle of doing something【非正式】浪费时
间，犹犹豫豫，磨磨蹭蹭，拖拖拉拉
di. lute'/drlut; dar'lu:t/ v [T(with)] to make (a liquid) weaker
and thinner by mixing another liquid with it 稀释，冲淡〔液体)：
I diluted the paint with a little oil. 我用一点汽油来稀释油漆。
Dilute the orange juice with six parts of water. 用 6份水冲淡
橙汁。| (fig. 喻) The President's influence has been further
diluted (=reduced) by the election of fifteen new senators from
the opposition party. 由于反对党有15名新参议员当选，总统的
影响力被进一步削弱了。- -lution /-`lufen; -'lu:fan/ n [C; U
(with)]: the illegal dilution of beer 非法地在啤酒中掺水 | a di-
lution of one part of anti-freeze to two parts of water 一份防
冻剂掺两份水的稀释液
di. lute2/dr`lut; dai'lu:t adj that has been diluted 经稀释的，冲
淡的； dilute sulphuric acid 稀释的硫酸
dim'/dim:dim/ adj 1 (of a light) not bright〔光)暗淡的，昏暗
的，不明亮的：The light is too dim for me to read easily. 光线
太暗，我很难阅读。|(fig. 喻) Prospects for any early settle
ment of the dispute are dim. (=are not good)早日解决争端的
前景并不乐观。2 not easy to see; INDISTINCT 隐约的，朦胧的，
模糊不清的：the dim shape of a large building in the mist 薄雾
中隐约可见的大建筑物的外形 3(of the eyes) not able to see
clearly 〔视力)看不清楚的：The old man's eyesight was dim. 
那位老人的视力很差。4 infml, especially BrE slow to learn or
understand; stupid【非正式，尤英】迟钝的，愚蠢的 5 not clear in
the mind 〔意识)模糊的； a dim awareness that something was
wrong 隐约地感到有点不对劲 6 take a dim view of infml to
regard with disapproval【非正式】对··不赞成；对··抱悲观看法
 — ~ly adv: dimly aware of a slight tapping sound 隐约听见轻
微的敲击声 — ~ness n[U]
dim2v-mm-1 [I; T] to make or become dim(使)变暗淡；（使）
变模糊：The lights in the theatre began to dim. 剧场内的灯光
开始暗下来。| The smoke dimmed his eyes. 浓烟使他无法看清
东西。2 [T] AmE【美】‖dip BrE【英】- to change (the HEAD
LIGHTS of a car) so that they are less bright 使〔汽车前灯)减光：
Dim your lights, there's a car coming. 把车前灯调暗一点，有
车来了
Di Mag. gi. o/de`maed3io; de'maed3ieu/, Joe/d30; d3e0/(1914
1999) a US BASEBALL player who played for the New York
Yankees team, and is considered to be one of the greatest play-
ers ever. He is also known for being married to Marilyn
MONROE. 迪马乔〔(1914-1999)，美国棒球运动员，曾效力于纽约
扬基队，被认为是有史以来最杰出的球手之一，他也以娶玛丽莲
梦露为妻出名〕
Dim. ble. by /`dimblbi; 'dimbalbi/, David (1938-) a British
television PRESENTER who is known for appearing on
programmes about politics and elections, especially QUESTION
TIME. He is the older brother of Jonathan, and the son of Rich-
ard Dimbleby. 丁布尔比〔(1938- )，英国电视节目主持人，以主
持有关政治和选举节目，尤其是报道议会中的质询时间的节目而闻
名。他是乔纳森之兄，理查德·丁布尔比之子
Dimbleby, Jon·a·than /`d3ane0en; 'd3pne0an/(1944-)a
British television PRESENTER who is known for appearing on
programmes about politics. He is also known for doing a tele-
vision interview with Prince CHARLES, in which the Prince
talked about his relationship with his former wife and with
another woman. He is the younger brother of David, and the
son of Richard Dimbleby. 丁布尔比〔(1944- )，英国电视节目
0478
主持人，以主持涉及政治的节目闻名，他还以对查尔斯王子所作的
一次采访知名。在那次采访中王子谈到他与前妻及与另一女子的
关系。乔纳森是大卫的弟弟，也是理查德·丁布尔比的儿子〕
Dimbleby, Richard (1913-1965) a British BROADCASTER
known especially for reporting important national events such
as the CORONATION of Queen ELIZABETH II and the funeral of
Winston CHURCHILL丁布尔比〔(1913-1965)，英国播音员，尤以
报道女王伊丽莎白二世加冕典礼、温斯顿·丘吉尔的葬礼等重大事
件著称〕
dime /daim; daim/ n 1 a coin of the US and Canada, worth ter
cents or one tenth of a dollar 〔美国和加拿大的)十分铸币，一角
硬币 — compare 比较 CENT 2 a dime a dozen AmE infml not
at all unusual or valuable【美，非正式】多得不稀罕，不值钱 -
see also 另见 ten a penny (TEN)
dime nov. el /'. / n AmE a small, cheap book containing a
very eventful story, especially one printed in the late 1800s
and early 1900s【美】〔尤指19世纪末和20世纪初印行的、情节
离奇曲折的〕廉价小说
di·men. sion /de`menfen; dai'menfan/n 1 a measurement ir
any one direction, especially as used for establishing the posi. 
tion of something in space 任何一个方向的度量，（长、宽、高的）
尺寸，尺度；维 （数） ：Length is one dimension, and breadth is
another. 长是一种度量，宽又是另一种度量。| Time is some
times called the fourth dimension, 时间有时被称为第四度空
间。2 a particular side or part of a problem, subject etc; ASPECT
〔问题等的〕方面，部分：There is another dimension to this prob-
lem which you haven't considered. 这个问题还有你尚未考虑
到的另一个方面。3-dimensional /-dr`menfenl; -dai'menfanel/
having the stated number of dimensions 有··维的，(··度)空间
的：three-dimensional objects 立体的物体 — see also 另见
THREE-D
di·men·sions /de`manfenz; dai'menfanz/ n [P (of)]
(measurements of) size尺寸；面积；容积大小：规模：程度：重要
性：What are the dimensions of this room? (=its height, length. 
and width)这房间的面积是多少？| (fig. 喻) a problem of enor-
mous dimensions 一个有巨大意义的问题
dime store /' / also 又作 five-and-dime n AmE FIVE-AND. 
TEN【美】15美分便利店，廉价杂货店
di-min·ish /de`minif; d'minif/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) become
or seem smaller(使)减少，减小；（使）变少，变小；降低，削弱：His
illness diminished his strength, 疾病削弱了他的体力。)| the
governmen's diminishing popularity政府日趋低落的声望
2 [T] to cause to seem less important or valuable 使降级；贬低
diminished re·sponsi-bil. i. ty /，·. ·. . ·/n [U] law (in judg
ing a person who has killed someone) limitation of criminal
responsibility for the killing because of disorder or illness of
the mind【律】〔基于杀人者精神失常、智力迟钝等原因而判〕减轻
的刑事责任
diminishing re·turns /·· ·'·/ n [P] tech a rate of profit that
beyond a certain point stops increasing in relation to the in-
crease of work or effort【术语】报酬递减，收益递减：the law of
diminishing returns 报酬递减律 | (fig. 喻) The more I do for
my son the less he thanks me - it's a case of diminishing
returns. 我为儿子做得越多，他就越少感谢我——这可算是报酬
递减的一例。
di·min·u·en·do /de minju`endo; d, minju'endeu/ n, adj, adv pl
-dos (a piece of music) getting softer 〔音乐〕渐弱 [的，地] -
opposite 反义词 crescendo
dim. i. nu. tion /，dime`njufen; dim'nju:fan/ n [C; U] fml a case
or the state of diminishing or being diminished【正式】减少；减
小；缩减；降低；削弱：a diminution in income 收入的减少
di·min·u·tive'/de`minietry: de'mmi8tuy/ adj fml yery small, and
sometimes also lovable【正式】极小的；小巧可爱的
diminutive2n a word formed by adding a diminutive suffix 表
示“小”的词：The word ‘duckling' is a diminutive, formed from
‘duck'. “duckling”这个词是由“duck”构成的表示“小”的词。
diminutive suf·fix /·· '·/ n tech an ending which is added to
a word to express smallness【术语】表示“小”的后缀：A duck
ling is a small duck, and '-ling' is a diminutive suffix. duck
ling 意为小鸭子，“-ling”是表示“小”的后缀
dim·i·ty /`dimeti; 'dimti/n [U] rare strong cotton cloth with a
raised pattern【罕】提花布，凸纹棉布
dim·mer /`dime: 'dime/ also又作 dimmer switch /'· ··/ n a
piece of equipment for controlling the brightness of an electric
light〔电灯的〕调光器，减光器
dim-ple /'dimpl; 'dimpal/ n apprec a small hollow place on the
skin, especially one formed in the cheek when a person smiles. 
Dimples are usually considered attractive. 【褒】酒窝，笑靥〔脸
上有酒窝通常被认为很漂亮
dim sum /'·/n [P; U] any of various Chinese foods typically
consisting of small pieces of meat or vegetables wrapped in
rice or a kind of light bread and cooked in steam or hot oil; a
popular lunchtime meal 中式点心〔指蒸、煎、炸的有馅小吃〕
dim·wit /`dim, wit; 'dimwit/ n infml a stupid person【非正式】傻
子，笨蛋：Don't sit on the butter, (you) dimwit! 别坐在黄油
上，你这笨蛋！- dim-witted /·`·/ adj
din' /din; din/ n derog a loud, continuous, confused, and un
pleasant noise【贬】喧闹声，嘈杂声：to kick up (=make) a din
吵吵闹闹
din2v-nn- [I] (of a sound) to be heard loudly and unpleasantly
〔声音〕吵闹，喧扰(especially in the phrase 尤用于短语 din ir
someone's ears 喋喋不休地说)：(fig. 喻) What she said about
me was dinning in my ears all night. 她说我的那些话整夜都在
我耳边响。
din sthg. into sbdy. phr v [T] infml to repeat (something. 
such as a fact or lesson) forcefully over and over again to
(someone) as a way of making them remember【非正式】再三
叮嘱，反复告诫：I ought to remember that rule; I had it dinned
into me often enough at school. 我该记得那条规则，我在学校
里听得够多的了。
di-nar /di`nar; 'di:na:/ n a unit of money used in the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia and in several Muslim countries 第纳
尔〔南斯拉夫联邦共和国和一些穆斯林国家的货币单位〕
dine /dain; dain/ y [I] fm/ to eat dinner【正式】进正餐：We dined
at the Ritz. 我们在里茨大酒店吃了一顿饭。 — see also 另见 wine
and dine(WINE2)
dine off/on sthg. phr v [T pass. rare 罕用被动语态] to eat
(food, especially special or expensive food) for dinner 吃〔尤
指特别的或昂贵的食品〕当正餐：to dine on lobster and straw-
berries以龙虾和草莓作正餐
dine out phr v [I] to eat dinner away from home, especially
in a restaurant 外出进餐，去餐馆进餐
dine out on sthg. phr v [T pass. rare 罕用被动语态] to talk
about (an interesting experience one has had or interesting in-
formation one knows)in order to attract attention or admira-
tion 以〔有趣的经历、见闻)博取他人重视或赞赏：Ever since he
met Paul McCartney at a party, he's been dining out on the
story. 自从他在一个聚会上遇见保罗·麦卡特尼后，他就一直拿这
件事来吹嘘。
Dine, Jim /d3im; d3im/(1935-)a US painter known for being
a leader of the POP ART movement 丹因〔(1935- )，美国画家，
以作为通俗艺术运动领袖闻名〕
din·er /`daine; 'daine/n 1 a person who dines, especially in a
restaurant〔尤指餐馆里的)就餐者 2 AmE a type of restauran
that is typically American. Diners are informal, fairly cheap
and popular with families and old people. They are usually
open 24 hours. Some are decorated in a 1950s style, and cus-
tomers sit in BOOTHS (=a partly enclosed place with a table
between two long seats). Diners typically serve chicken. 
BURGERS, PIES, thick MILKSHAKEs, and coffee. 【美】〔典型美国
式的火车座〕小餐馆〔这种餐馆随意、价廉、深受家庭和老年人喜
爱，通常24小时营业。有些餐馆装饰成20世纪50年代的风格，
顾客坐在火车座中用餐。餐馆一般供应鸡、汉堡包、馅饼、浓稠的
奶昔和咖啡〕3 AmE for【美】=DINING CAR
Diners Card /'· / also 又作 Diner's Club Card trademark a
type of CHARGE CARD that can be used to pay for goods and
services all over the world【商标】大来信用证〔一种记账卡〕
Din·e·sen /`dinisn; 'dinisen/, Isak /`aizek; 'aizek/ — see 参见
KAREN BLIXEN
di-nette /dai`nct; dai'net/ n AmE【美】1 a small dining area which
is usually in or near the kitchen 〔厨房内或附近的〕就餐区：We
haven't got a dining room, only a dinette. 我们家没有饭厅，只
有一小块地方可以吃饭。2 also 又作 dinette set a table and
matching chairs used when people have meals. A dinette is
cheaper than a DINING TABLE and chairs, but not as nice, [就餐
区的〕小餐桌椅〔比餐桌椅便宜但不如它们美观〕
ding-bat /`dinbaet; 'dinbaet/ n AmE infml a stupid, confused
person, especially a woman【美，非正式】蠢人〔尤指女性)
ding. dong /din don; din'donadj, n 1 [A; U] (like) the noise
made by a bell 丁当作响的；丁当声； the loud dingdong of the
church bells 教堂大钟响亮的丁当声 2 [A; S] BrE infml (being)
a noisy fight or argument【英，非正式】争吵（的）；争辩（的）；激
烈的：They were having a real dingdong/a dingdong argument
他们进行着一场激烈辩论。
din. ghy /`dingr; 'dingi/ n 1 a small open sailing boat used espe-
cially for racing 独桅小赛艇 — compare 比较 YACHT 2 a small
open boat, used for pleasure or for taking people between a
ship and the shore 小游艇；小船 — see also 另见 RUBBER DIN-
GHY
din. gle /`dingl; 'dingal/ n old-fash a small wooded valley【过
0479
时】〔有树木的〕小山谷，幽谷
ding-a-ling /'din e lin; 'din e lin/ n AmE infml a stupid, con
fused person【美，非正式】蠢人
din-go /`dingo; 'dingeu/ n pl. -goes an Australian wild dog澳
洲野犬
din. gy /dind3i; 'dind3i/ adj (of things and places) dirty and dull
or dark in colour; DRAB〔东西、地方〕肮脏的；昏暗的；颜色发暗
的； a dingy street 又脏又暗的街道 | The curtains are getting
rather dingy. 这些窗帘越来越黑了。- -gily adv: She was
dingily dressed in an old brown suit. 她邋里邋遢地穿着一套
褐色的旧衣服。- -giness n [U]
din-ing car /'· / also 又作 restaurant car - n a carriage on a
train where meals are served 〔火车的〕餐车
dining room /'· / n a room where meals are eaten in a house
hotel etc〔家里的〕饭厅；〔旅馆的〕餐厅
dining ta-ble /'··/ n a table especially for having meals on餐
桌：She spread her books on the dining table and settled down
to study. 她在餐桌上摊开书本，然后坐下开始学习。 — compare 
比较DINNER TABLE
din·kum /`dinkem; 'dinkem/ adj — see 参见 FAIR DINKUM
din. ky'/dinki; 'dinki/ adj 1 BrE old-fash small and charming
【英，过时】小巧的；小型的；精致的：Look at that dinky little
spoon! 瞧那把精致的小匙！ 2 AmE derog small and unimportant
【美贬】小而不重要的，微不足道的；a dinky little room/hotel 不
起眼儿的小房间[旅馆]
dinky2n, infml, abbrev. for 缩写= Double Income No Kids Yet
one of two young married people in professional jobs who do
not vet have children and who are both earning quite a lot of
money【非正式】无子女双职工中之一人，“丁克族”〔尤指收入丰
厚而无子女的年轻双职工):highly processed, value-added
'recine' dishes aimed at the 'dinky' market 针对“丁克族”消
费者推出的精加工实惠美食
Dinky, Dinky toy /'. / trademark a well-known type of small
toy car or other toy vehicle. Dinky toys have been popular ir
the UK since the 1940s. 【商标】玲珑玩具〔一种著名的玩具汽车
自20世纪40年代以来风靡英国〕
*din. ner /`dine; 'dine/ n 1 [C; U] the main meal of the day
eaten either at midday or in the evening 〔中午或晚上吃的)正
餐，主餐：What time do you have dinner?你几点钟吃饭？| I
was cookins (the) dinner when the phone rang, 我正在做饭时
电话响了。| It happened at/during dinner. 这件事发生在吃饭
的时候。| We're having fish for dinner. 我们正餐吃鱼。| The
children have to pay for their school dinners. (=midday meal
provided by the school)孩子们在学校吃午饭得付饭钱。| It's
dinner time! 是吃饭的时候了！ — see also 另见 TV DINNER 2 [C]
a formal occasion in the evening when this meal is eaten 晚宴
The firm are giving/holding a dinner in honour of her retirement
公司为她摆退休晚宴
USAGE 用法说明 If dinner is at midday, the evening
meal is called tea or supper. If dinner is in the evening, 
the midday meal is called lunch. 如果 dinner 指午餐，晚
餐就称为 tea 或 supper。如果 dinner 指晚餐，午餐就称为
lunch。 In Britain, people use these words differently de
pending on which part of the country they come from and
on their social class. In the US, people also use these words
differently depending on which part of the country they
come from; dinner is usually eaten in the evening except
for special occasions. 在英国，不同地域、不同社会阶层的人
对这些词的用法各不相同。在美国，情况也是一样。dinner除
特殊情况外，一般指晚餐：Christmas dinner 圣诞晚宴。Some
people use either supper or dinner to mean the evening
meal. Tea is not used in American English. 有些人用 sup. 
per 或 dinner 来指晚餐。在美国英语中不使用 tea。
3 eat one's dinners to complete the process of becoming a
BARRISTER. In order to become a barrister in England, a per-
son must study and pass exams, but must also belong to the
INNS OF COURT and must eat a certain number of dinners in
them 取得讼务律师[大律师]资格〔要成为英格兰的讼务律师，必
须学习并通过考试，而且还必须加入法学院并在里面参加一定数目
的大餐) ； He read for the Bar, but failed to eat his dinners. 他
读过法律，但没能当上大律师。4 more. than you've had hot
dinners very very many; used particularly when someone is
praising a person for their great experience ··不计其数〔尤用
来赞扬经验丰富的人)：She's nursed more babies than you've
had hot dinners. 她带过的孩子数也数不清
dinner bell /'. / n a bell rung (e. g. in school) to let people
know that dinner is ready 就餐铃，开饭钟[铃]
dinner dance/'. /n a social evening which includes a formal
dinner and has music for dancing to 晚宴舞会：the company's
annual dinner dance 公司一年一度的晚宴舞会
dinner jack·et /'· ，·/ also 又作 tuxedo AmE【美】-- (abbrev
缩写为 DJ)n 1 a man's black or white JACKET for very formal
evening occasions〔一般为黑或白色的男用〕礼服上装，无尾晚礼
服上装 2 a complete suit of clothes including a dinner jacket. 
black trousers, a white shirt, and black BOW TIE 成套无尾晚礼
服〔包括上装、黑裤子、白衬衫及黑色蝶形领结〕 — compare 比较
TAILS(2)
dinner la-dy /'·. ·/ n BrE a woman who serves meals to chil-
dren in a school【英】学校里为孩子端饭菜的妇女
dinner par·ty /'··/ n a social event in which people are in-
vited to a person's house for an evening meal 社交宴会：Let's
have a dinner party for your birthday. 我们为你举行一个生日
宴会吧。
dinner ser-vice /'· ，·/ also 又作 dinner set /'· ·/ — n a com-
plete set of plates and dishes for dinner （整套）西餐餐具
dinner ta-ble /'·. ·/ n [the] the occasion when people are hav. 
ing dinner 用餐之际，餐桌：I wish you wouldn't talk about these
nasty subjects at the dinner table. 我希望你别在用餐时谈论
这些令人作呕的话题。 — compare 比较 DINING TABLE
di-no. saur /`daine sor; 'daineso:/ n 1 any of several types of
extremely large REPTILES that lived in very ancient times and
disappeared suddenly （古生物）恐龙 2 something very large and
old-fashioned that no longer works well or effectively 庞大而
落伍的东西：one of the dinosaurs of the computer industry 电
脑工业中那种落后且体积笨重的型号之
dint /dint; dint/ n by dint of by means of 凭借··的力量，靠··；由
于··：He reached the top by dint of great effort. 他经过巨大的
努力才达到顶峰。
di. o. cese /`daie sis; 'daiess/ n (in the Anglican and Roman
Catholic churches) the area under the control of a BISHOP〔英
国圣公会和罗马天主教会的)主教辖区，教区 - -cesan /dar`asesn; 
dai'ossen/ adj[A]
Di. o. ge. nes /dai`ad3iniz; dai'od3ni:z/ also called 又称
Diogenes the Cynic; (？412-？323 BC) an ancient Greek PHI-
LOSOPHER who said that the simple life was the best life and
who, according to ancient stories, lived in a BARREL(=a round
wooden container for liquids)第欧根尼〔（公元前 ？412-前？
323), 又称犬儒学派的第欧根尼，古希腊哲学家。他认为简朴生活
是最理想的生活。相传，他在一只木桶内栖身
Di-on /di`an; di'on/, Ce-line /se`lin; sei'li:n/ (1968-)a Cana
dian singer, popular in the 1990s, who performs in both En-
glish and French. Her songs include The Power of Love and
Think Twice. 席琳迪翁〔(1968-)，加拿大歌手，能用英语和法语
演唱，20世纪90年代深受人们喜爱，歌曲包括《爱的力量》和《三
思》〕
Di. o. ny. sus /，daie`naises; daie'naises/ in Greek MYTHOLOGY. 
the god of wine and FERTILITY. He is usually connected with
uncontrolled behaviour involving lots of drinking, parties, and
sex. In Roman mythology his name is BACCHUS. 狄俄尼索斯
〔古希腊神话中的酒神和生育之神，通常与酗酒、狂欢和纵欲等无
节制的行为有关，罗马神话中称巴克斯〕
Di. or /`dior; 'di:o:/, Christian (1905-1957) a French fashion
designer, whose company, Christian Dior, is known for mak
ing expensive clothes and PERFUMES. His famous collection of
clothes in 1947 was called the ‘New Look'. 迪奥〔(1905-
1957), 法国时装设计师，他开办的克里斯汀·迪奥公司以制作高级
服装和香水著称。他在1947年设计的那些服装被称为“新装”〕
di·ox·ide /dai`aksaid; dai'pksaid/ n [C; U] a chemical compound
containing two atoms of oxygen to every atom of another
ELEMENT〔化学〕二氧化物
di. ox. in /dai`aksin; dai'oksn/ n [U] a powerful chemical usec
for killing plants. Adults and unborn babies have been poi-
soned and killed by dioxin in industrial accidents and through
its use as a chemical weapon. 二氧（杂）芑，“戴奥辛”〔一种毒
性很强的氯化物，用于除草剂等。工业事故和化学武器中的二氧芑
造成成年人和胎儿中毒和死亡)— see 参见 AGENT ORANGE
Dip, written abbrey, for 缩写= DIPLOMA
*dip1/dip; dip/ v-pp- 1 [T (in, into)] to put in a liquid for a
moment 蘸； 浸，沾：I dipped my pen in the ink. 我拿钢笔蘸墨
水。| She dipped her hand into the water. 她把手浸入水中。2 [I; 
T] to (cause to) drop slightly （使）微降；（使）下沉：The sun
dipped below the western sea. 太阳慢慢沉入西面的大海里。|
The road dips just around the corner. 这条路正好在拐角处微
微向下倾斜。| You should dip your headlights when you meet
another car at night. 夜间行车遇到交汇车辆时，应该减弱前灯
的亮度。| driving through the city on dipped headlights 开着
低亮度的车前灯驾车穿过那城市 3[T] to pass(animals)through
a bath containing a chemical that kills insects 给〔牲畜等)洗药
0480
水浴：to dip sheep 给羊洗药水浴
dip into sthg. phr v [T] 1 to read or study for a short time and
without much attention 浏览；略微过目；涉猎：I haven't read
the report properly - I've only dipped into it. 我还没有好好
阅读这份报告—我只是浏览了一下。2 to put one's hand into
(a place) and take something out〔把手伸入)从··中取出，掏取
[出]：She kept dipping into the bag of sweets. 她不断伸手从那
袋糖果里掏糖吃。3 to use(money that has been saved)动用
(存款)：The company had to dip into a reserve fund to pay
for all the new equipment. 公司不得不动用储备金来支付全部
新设备的费用。
dip2n 1 [C] infml a quick swim in the sea, a lake etc【非正式】
在海、湖等中短时间的)游水；泡水（浴）：I'm just going for 
dip/to have a dip. 我只是去泡一会儿水。2 [C] a slight drop to
a lower level 倾斜；凹陷处；〔小幅度的)下降：a sudden dip in
the road 路中突然的凹陷 | an unexpected dip in profits 意想
不到的利润下降 3 [U] a thick liquid mixture into which food, 
such as vegetable pieces, can be dipped, especially at parties
〔用来蘸食物吃的〕调味汁[酱]：cheese/avocado dip 乳酪[鳄梨
酱4[C; U](a special liquid for) the process of dipping animals
〔用于牲畜的)药浴（液）5[C] AmE slang a stupid or silly person
【美俚】笨蛋：糊涂虫 — see also另见 LUCKY DIP
diph. ther. i. a /dif0irie; dif\"0iarie/ n [U] a serious infectious
disease of the throat which makes breathing difficult, now rare
in developed countries with child health care programmes白
喉〔目前由于实施了儿童健康保健计划，该病在发达国家已罕见)
diph·thong /^`dif0on; 'dif0on/ n tech【术语】1 a compound vowel
sound made by pronouncing two vowels quickly one after the
other 复合元音，双元音：The vowel sound in ‘my'is a
diphthong. “my”中的元音是双元音。 — compare 比较
MONOPHTHONG 2 a DIGRAPH 二合字母
di·plo·ma /di`plome; d'pleume/ n [(in)] an official paper show
ing that a person has successfully finished a course of study or
passed an examination 毕业文凭；学位证书；执照：She has a
diploma in education/a high school diploma. 她取得了教育学
[中学毕业]文凭。
di·plo. ma. cy /dr`plomesi; d'pleumesi/n [U] 1 the art and prac
tice of establishing and continuing relations between nations
外交；外交手腕 2 skill at dealing with people and getting them
to agree; TACT 交际手段；策略：He needed all his diplomacy to
settle their quarrel. 他用尽一切交际手腕以解决他们的争端。-
see also 另见 GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY
dip-lo. mat /`diple, maet; 'diplemaet/ n 1 a person who is em-
ployed to represent one country in another, such as an AMBAS-
SADOR 外交官 2 a person who is skilled in DIPLOMACY (2)有
手腕的人，善于交际的人
dip·lo·mat·ic /diple`maetik:diple'maetik/ adj1 [A no comp
无比较级]concerning diplomacy or diplomats 外交（上）的；外
交人员的；有外交手腕的：the diplomatic service 外交部门
They can't be prosecuted for this offence - they have diplo
matic immunity, (=special rights belonging to diplomats)他
们不会因这次违法行为而受到检控——他们享有外交豁免权。2
apprec skilled in dealing with people; showing TACT【褒】有手
腕的：策略的；善于交涉的：Try to be diplomatic when you refuse
her invitation. 你拒绝她的邀请时, 尽可能婉转些。- — opposite
反义词 undiplomatic (for 2) — ~ally /-kli; -kli/ adv: She
handled the situation very diplomatically. 她很策略地应付了
那种局面
diplomatic corps /·. . . / n pl. -corps all the diplomats work
ing in a country 外交使团
diplomatic re·la. tions /. ·. . '·/n [P(with)] the arrangement
between two countries that each keeps representatives at an
EMBASSY in the other country 外交关系：Following this inci-
dent, the United States broke off diplomatic relations with
Iran. 在这个事件以后，美国就断绝了与伊朗的外交关系。
Diplomatic Ser·vice, the /·. . / a part of the British FOR
EIGN OFFICE which employs the people who work in British
embassies (EMBASSY) all over the world. In the US there is a
similar department called the FOREIGN SERVICE. 外交人事局
(英国外交部所属的一个部门，负责为英国驻外领使馆选送工作人
员。美国的一个类似部门称 the Foreign Service(驻外机关事务
局)〕
di·plo·ma·tist /di`plometist; d'pleumetst/n a diplomat 外交
家
dip-per /dipe; 'dipe/n 1 a big spoon for taking up liquid out
of a container 长柄勺 2 a small bird that feeds on the bottom of
streams 河鸟
Dipper, the also 又作 the Big Dipper n AmE a name often
used for the CONSTELLATION (=group of stars) called the Plough
【美】北斗七星
dip. py /`dipi; 'dipi/ adj especially AmE infml crazy or foolish
【尤美，非正式】疯狂的；笨的，傻的：She's gone clean dippy. 她
已经完全疯了。
dip. so. ma·ni·a /，dipse`menie; , dipse'meinie/ n [U] an uncon-
trollable desire for alcoholic drinks 嗜酒狂；间发性酒狂
dip·so·ma·ni·ac /，dipse`meni, ek; , dipse'meiniaek/ n a person
suffering from dipsomania 嗜酒狂者；间发性酒狂患者
dip. stick /dip, stik; 'dip, stik/ n 1 a stick for measuring the depth
of liquid in a container, especially the amount of oil in a car's
engine〔尤指汽车的〕油量计，浸量尺，测深尺，量油尺 2 BrE
slang a fool, stupid person【英俚】笨蛋，傻瓜
dip. tych /`diptik; 'diptik/ n tech a picture made in two parts
which can close like the covers of a book【术语】可折合的双连
画 — compare 比较 TRIPTYCH
dire /dair; daie/ adj 1 (of needs and dangers) very great; extreme:
terrible〔需求〕迫切的；〔危险〕极大的；逼近的；可怕的；极端的，
非常的：in dire need of food 极需食物 | The company is in
dire straits. (=in a seriously difficult position)公司处于极端
困难的境地。2 [A] causing great fear for the future 预示灾难
的，不祥的：dire warnings/predictions 大难临头的警告[预言]
*di-rect' /de`rakt; d'rekt/ v [T] 1 [+obj+adv/prep] to turn o
aim (attention, remarks, movement, activity etc) in the stated
direction(把··)对准·目标，针对；把·朝向〔某方向)；把··倾注
于·：This warning is directed at you. 这个警告是针对你的。|
Please direct your complaints to the manager. 请你去向经理
投诉。| We directed our steps homewards. 我们朝回家的方向
走去。| civil unrest directed against the white community 矛
头指向白人社区的平民骚乱 | Most of the money will be di
rected towards medical research. 大部分资金将拨给医学研究。
2 to control and be in charge of (an activity or situation); man-
age 管理；监督；指导，指挥：He directed the building of the
new bridge. 他指挥这座新桥的建造工程。| A policewoman
stood in the middle of the road, directing the traffic, 一名女
警察站在路中央指挥交通。3 fml to order, especially officially; 
command【正式】命令；指示：[+obj+to-v] The judge directed
the jury to find the prisoner guilty. 法官指引陪审团裁决囚犯
有罪。| [+that] The general directed that his men should
retreat. 将军命令他的部下撤退。— see 参见 ORDER (USAGE)
4 to be the person who instructs the actors in (a film or play); 
be the DIRECTOR (2) of 导演〔电影、戏剧)：Who directed that
new Italian film?那部新意大利影片是谁导演的？ 5[(to)] to tell
(someone) the way to a place 给··指路：I'm lost. Can you di-
rect me to Times Sauare?我迷路了。你能告诉我去时代广场的
路吗？ — see 参见 LEAD' (USAGE)
*direct2 adj 1 straight; going from one point to another without
turning aside 笔直的，迳直的：Which is the most direct route
t londor?去伦敦哪条路线最近? | a direct flight from Lon-
don to Los Angeles (=without stopping)从伦敦直飞洛杉矶的
航班 2 [no comp. 无比较级] without any other person, reason
etc coming between 直接的；亲身的：Unemployment has in
creased as a direct result of government policies. (=and for
no other reason)失业人数增加完全是政府政策造成的直接后
果。| The organization was investigated at the direct request
of the President. 按照总统亲自提出的要求，这个组织受到了审
查。3(of people and their manner) honest, easily understood
and not attempting to deceive 〔人及其举止〕坦率的，直截了当的；
明白的：He refused to give a direct answer to my question. 他
拒绝对我的问题给与直截了当的答复。| She's always very
direct, so you know exactly what she's thinking, 她总是非常
坦率，因此你能确切知道她在想什么。— see 参见 LANGUAGE
NOTE: Criticism and Praise 4 [A] exact 正好的，截然的：He's
the direct opposite of his brother. 他和他的兄弟截然相反。5 [A
no comp. 无比较级](of family relationships) passing in a
straight line from parent to child 〔亲属关系〕直系的：She's a
direct descendant of the poet Wordsworth. 她是诗人华兹华斯
的直系后裔。 — see also 另见 DIRECTLY — ~ness n [U]
*direct3 ady in a straight line; without stopping or turning aside
直线地；迳直地：直接地：The next flight doesn't go direct to
Rome. It goes by way of Paris. 下一班飞机不直飞罗马，要经过
巴黎。
direct cur-rent /·· '·/ n [U] a flow of electricity that moves in
one direction only 直流电 — compare 比较 ALTERNATING CUR
RENT
direct deb·it /·， '·/ especially BrE【尤英】‖ automatic pay-
ment AmE【美】- n [C; U] an order to a bank to pay money
from one's account to another named account at regular times
直接借记〔向银行发出的要求银行定期从某人自己的账户向指定账
户付款的通知)：Please cancel all my direct debits. 请撤销我
所有的直接借记。| If you wish to pay by direct debit, please
complete the mandate below. 如果你想以直接借记方式付款，
0481
请填写下面的委托书。 — compare 比较 STANDING ORDER
direct de·posit/. ·/ n [U] AmE a common method of pay-
ing a person's wages directly into their bank account, so that
neither a cheque nor money in the form of coins and notes is
used. The employee receives instead a piece of paper with in-
formation about how much has been paid into the account. 【美】
工资直接存款制〔一种常见的工资支付方式，即不使用支票或现金
而将工资直接存入个人银行账户，雇员收到的是一张注明存款金额
的单据〕
direct dial /· '/ n [U] a system by which telephone users in a
large building can get the telephone line they want themselves
and do not have to ask a special worker (=SWITCHBOARD
OPERATOR) to get it for them 电话直拨：All bedrooms feature
private bathrooms, satellite TV, in-house movie channel, di
rect dial telephone etc. 所有卧室均以配备独立卫生间、卫星申
视、内部电影频道、直拨电话等为特色。
direct dis·course /·· '·/ n [U] AmE for【美】= DIRECT SPEECH
direct free kick/····/ n (in football) a FREE KICK given to one
team, from which a direct shot at GOAL can be made(足球)直
接任意球 — compare 比较 INDIRECT FREE KICK, PENALTY KICK
direct grant school // n a British GRAMMAR SCHOOI
which receives money directly from the central government
and not from local government like most other SECONDARY
SCHOOLS 直接拨款学校〔一种直接由中央政府拨款的英国文法学
校，不像大多数其他中学那样，由地方政府拨款
*di·rec. tion /de`rakfen; d'rekfan/n 1 [C; U] the point or posi
tion towards which a person or thing moves, faces, or is aimed
方向:方位: She drove off in the direction of londor, (=towards
London)她驱车朝伦敦方向驶去。| Stones were flying about
in every direction. 石头朝四面八方乱飞。| Which direction
does the house face? 那所房子面向哪个方向？ | She has a good
sense of direction and never gets lost. 她方向感很好，从来不
迷路。| (fig. 喻) Their economic policy is moving in the di-
rection of (=tending towards) retrenchment. 他们的经济政策
正趋于紧缩。| (fig. 喻) His greatest problem is that he lacks
direction/has no sense of direction, (=he does not know what
he wants to do with his life, job etc)他最大的问题是自己毫无
目标。| (fig. 喻) The law on women's rights is still unsatisfactory, 
but this new change is a step in the right direction, 有关妇女
权利的法律仍不能令人满意，但这个新变化是朝着正确方向迈出的
步。2 [U] control or management 管理；监督；指导：The in-
vestigation was carried out under the direction of a senior
police officer. 调查是在一位高级警官的指导下进行的。— see
also 另见 DIRECTIONS
di·rec·tion·al /de`rkfenl; d'rekfanel/ adj connected with di-
rection in space; suitable for finding out where radio signals
come from 方向的；定向的(especially in the phrase 尤用于短
语 directional aerial 定向天线
direction find-er /·'··/ n a piece of equipment for finding out
where radio signals are coming from无线电测向仪，无线电定
向仪
di-rec-tions /de`rekfenz: d'rekfanz/ n [P] instructions on what
to do, how to do something, or how to get from one place to
another 用法 [操作] 说明：指引； Follow the directions on the
packet. 按照封套上的用法说明去做。| We asked a policeman
and he gave us directions to Buckingham Palace. 我们向一名
警察打听往白金汉宫去的路，他向我们作了说明。
di·rec. tive /de`raktiv; d'rektiv/ n an official order or instruc-
tion 指示；命令：The management has issued a new directive
about the use of company cars. 公司管理部门发布了有关使用
公司汽车的新指示
Direct Line /，. '/ trademark a company that sells financial
products by telephone directly to its customers, especially in-
surance for homes and cars【商标】“直线”公司〔通过电话向客
户出售金融产品，尤其是家庭保险和汽车保险的公司〕
di·rect·ly'/de`raktlr; d'rektli/ adv 1 in a direct manner 直接地：
正好地；坦率地：She answered me very directly and openly. 她
非常坦率地回答了我。|[+adv/prep] We live directly opposite
the church. 我们住在教堂的正对面。| to buy goods directly
from the manufacturers 直接从制造商那里购买商品 2 BrE
【英】a at once 立即，马上：Answer me directly! 马上回答我！ b
infml very soon【非正式】很快：He should be here directly if
you don't mind waiting. 如果你不介意多等一会儿，他应该很快
就会到的。
directly2 conj BrE infml as soon as【英，非正式】一··就··：I came
directly I got your message. 我一收到你的消息就来了。
direct mail/ '/ n [U] advertisements which are sent through
the post to many people 邮递广告：a public relations company
offering everything from lobbying and management consult-
ing to research, directmail campaigns, and traditional pub
lic relations一家提供从游说、管理咨询到研究、邮递广告宣传活
动及传统公关服务的公关公司
direct meth-od /· '·/ n a method of teaching a foreign lan-
guage without using the student's own language 直接教学法
〔指不用学生母语而直接用外语进行教学的外语教学法〕
direct ob·ject /·， '·/ n tech the noun, noun phrase, or PRO
NOUN that is needed to complete the meaning of a statement
using a TRANSITIVE verb【术语】直接宾语：In 'I saw Mary'
'Mary' is the direct object. In 'I gave Mary the money', 'the
money'is the direct object. 在“I saw Mary”中，“Mary”是直
接宾语。在“I gave Mary the money”中，“the money”是直接
宾语。 — compare 比较 INDIRECT OBJECT
di·rec. tor /de`rakte; d'rekte/n 1 a member of the group of top
managers who run a company 董事；理事：She's on the board
of directors. 她是董事会的成员。2 a person who directs a play
or film, instructing the actors, cameramen etc〔戏剧、电影等的〕
导演 — compare 比较 PRODUCER(2)3 anyone who directs an
organization or activity 领导一个组织、机构或一项活动的主管
人<如部门主管；主任；署长；局长；处长；所长；社长；校长；院长>；
the president's budget director总统预算局局长
di·rec·tor. ate /de`rakterit; d'rektart/n 1 [+sing. /pl. v] a board
of directors of a company 〔公司的〕董事会；理事会 2 a direc-
torship 董事[部门主管等]的职位[任期]
Director-Gen·e·ral /·，· '··/ abbrey, 缩写为 DG n the person
in charge of a large organization such as the BBC or the CBI大
机构的主要管理者，局长：董事长：the Director-General of the
BBC英国广播公司董事长
Director of Pub. lic Pros. e. cu·tions /. ·. ·. . ·/ also 又作
the DPP n in the legal system of England and Wales, the law-
yer whose job it is to decide whether or not a person should be
charged with a crime, in cases where it is not clear. There is
a similar official in Scotland called the PROCURATOR FISCAL. 
〔英格兰和威尔士的〕检察官，检控官〔苏格兰的类似官员称the
Procurator Fiscal)
Director of Stud. ies /. . '·. / n a teacher who is in charge of
organizing the students'programmes of study, especially in a
British language school〔尤指英国语言学校的)教务长
di-rec·tor-ship /de`rkte, fip; d'rektefip/n (the period of
holding)the position of a company director董事的职位[任期]：
As well as being a politician, he holds several directorships
他除了是个政界人物，还兼任几家公司的董事
di·rec·to·ry /de`rakteri; dai'rektari/ n a book or list of names, 
facts etc, usually arranged in alphabetical order〔通常按字母顺
序排列的〕人名地址录；工商人名录；号码簿：The telephone di-
rectory gives people's names. addresses, and telephone
numbers. 电话号码簿提供人名、地址和电话号码。— see 参见
TELEPHONE (USAGE)
directory en. quiries /，. . . . ·/ n [+sing. /pl. v] the service on
the main British telephone network which one rings to ask for
a number one does not know, giving the name and address of
the person or company concerned 〔英国的〕电话号码查询台 -
compare 比较 INFORMATION(2)
direct pri·ma·ry /· '·/ n AmE an election in which people
choose from several CANDIDATES of one political party who
they want to run against the candidate from the other political
party【美】直接预选
direct rule /·/ n [U] direct government of Northern Ireland
by the UK parliament which in 1972， after violence in North-
ern Ireland, replaced rule by the Northern Ireland government
〔1972年，北爱尔兰发生暴乱后，英国议会替代北爱尔兰政府对其
实行的〕直接统治
direct speech /·· `·/ BrE【英】‖ direct discourse AmE【美】-
n [U] tech the style used to report someone's actual words. 
This is done by repeating the words without any changes in
grammar, e. g. “I don't want to go, ” said Julia. 【术语】直接引
语 — compare 比较 INDIRECT SPEECH
direct tax// n [C; U] (a) tax, such as income tax, which is
actually collected from the person who pays it, rather than or
the sale of goods or services 直接税<如所得税> — opposite反
义词 indirect tax — ~ation /·· ·'·/ n [U]
direful /dairfel; 'daiefal/ adj lit threatening or producing ter-
rible effects【文】预兆不祥的；可怕的 — ~ly adv
Dire Straits/'/ a British ROCK group who were very popular
during the 1980s, led by Mark Knopfler, who sang, played the
GUITAR, and wrote most of their songs. Their best-known AL-
BUM was Brothers in Arms. “恐怖海峡”演唱组〔英国摇滚组合. 
20世纪80年代深受人们喜爱，其灵魂人物马克·诺夫勒担任歌手、
吉他手并创作了大部分的歌曲，最著名的专辑是《战友》〕
dirge/d3d3; d3:d3/n 1 a slow sad song sung over a dead person
哀歌，挽歌；安灵歌 2 derog any slow sad song or piece of music
0482
【贬】凄惨的歌曲[乐曲]
dir·i·gi·ble /`dired3ebl; 'dird3bal/n a large aircraft filled with
gas which can be guided; AIRSHIP飞船，飞艇
dirk /d3k; d3:k/n a short sword used in Scotland in former times:
a kind of DAGGER〔古时苏格兰人佩带的〕短剑，匕首
dirn. dl /`d3ndl; 'd3:ndl/ n 1 a wide skirt that is gathered at the
waist 抽褶宽裙 2 a dress with wide skirt that has a tight waist
and with a close-fitting upper part, as originally worn in Austria. 
Such dresses were fashionable in the 1950s. 〔源于奥地利的〕紧
身宽裙的连衣裙〔这种裙子风靡20世纪50年代〕
*dirt /d3t; d3:t/ n [U] 1 any unclean substance, such as mud or
dust 污物：烂泥：尘土：She washed the dirt off the kitchen floor/
off the child's knees. 她把厨房地面[小孩膝上]的污垢洗掉了。
Take off your boots before you tread any more dirt into the
carpet. 脱下你的靴子，免得把泥又踩到地毯上。2 soil; loose
earth 泥土；松土；泥地：The children were outside playing hap
pily in the dirt. 孩子们在外面的泥地上玩得正高兴。3 unpleasant
or immoral talk or writing about sex 下流话；色情描写 4 infml
nasty talk about people; SCANDAL【非正式】恶言，骂人话，恶意
中伤的闲话；丑闻：Her political career was ruined when the
papers dug up some dirt about her past. 当报纸把她过去的一
些丑事挖出来时，她的政治生涯就毁了。 — see also另见 treat
someone like dirt (TREAT1)
dirt bike / '/ n a small MOTORCYCLE for young people, usu. 
ally not ridden on the streets〔通常不在大街上骑的〕小型摩托车
dirt cheap /，· ·/ adj, ady infml extremely cheap【非正式】非常
便宜的 [地]：This dress was dirt cheap. 这件连衣裙非常便宜。| I
got it dirt cheap. 我以极低的价钱买到这件东西。
dirt farm·er /'···/ n AmE a farmer who earns his living by
farming his own land, especially without hired help【美】自耕
农
dirt poor /'/ adj AmE infml very poor; having very little
money【美，非正式】非常贫穷的
dirt road /，· '·/ n a road of hard earth 土路
dirt track /'/n a track used for some types of motorcycle
races〔摩托车比赛用的〕跑道
*dirt. v'/`d3ti: 'd3:ti/ adj 1 not clean; covered or marked with
dirt, or likely to make dirt 肮脏的，不洁的，污秽的； dirty hands/
clothes 脏手；脏衣服 | Put the dirty dishes (=plates, cups etc)
in the sink. 把脏餐具放入洗涤槽。| Repairing cars is a dirt
job. 修理汽车是脏活。2 (of thoughts or words) concerned with
sex in an unpleasant way〔意念、话语〕下流的，黄色的，色情的，
猥亵的：They sat drinking and telling dirty jokes. 他们坐在一
起，边喝酒边讲下流的笑话。| He took his secretary away for
a dirty weekend. 他带着秘书出去风流了一个周末。 3 infml
unpleasant【非正式】令人不快的；恶劣的；（脸色）难看的：The fish-
ermen won't go out on such a dirty night. 渔民在这样恶劣气
候的晚上不出海。| She gave me adirty look . (=looked at me
with disapproval)她很不高兴地瞪了我一眼。|‘Empire' is a
dirty word these days. (=people disapprove of the idea)“帝
国”如今是个犯忌的字眼。4 not fair不公正的：不公平的：不正
当的：a dirty fighter 一位不讲体育道德的拳击选手 5do the
dirty on BrE infml to treat in an unfair or dishonest way【英，
非正式】对··耍卑鄙的手段 6dirty pool unfair acts 不正当行
为；欺诈行为：He plays dirty pool- don't trust him. 他要要花
招 —— 别信他。- — see also 另见 wash one's dirty linen (in
public)(WASH1(7)--ily adv
dirty2ν[I; T] to make or become dirty 弄脏；（使）变脏：You'll
dirty your hands if you touch that machine. 你要是摸那台机
器，会把手弄脏的
dirty great /'· ·/ adj BrE slang extremely big【英俚】非常大的：
We suddenly saw this dirty great truck coming towards us. 
我们突然看见这辆巨型卡车朝我们驶来。
dirty mac bri-gade /，· ··，/ [the] BrE infml derog a word for
men with an unhealthy interest in sex. A typical image is of a
man in a long, dirty coat who either reads PORNOGRAPHIC
magazines or makes improper advances towards women, in-
cluding flashing(FLASH(6). 【英，非正式，贬】色鬼〔其典型形象
是一位男子，穿着肮脏的长外套，不是读色情杂志就是对女性做出
露阴等不得体的亲近行为)：It's a widely held opinion that it's
the dirty mac brigade who are chiefly responsible for ob-
scene telephone calls. 人们普遍认为色情电话大多是色鬼拨打
的
dirty old man /··'·/ n a usually middle-aged man who has an
unhealthy interest in sex, especially one who continually tries
to establish sexual relationships with much younger women or
children〔常指中年男子〕老色鬼
dirty trick /· '/ n an unkind dishonest way of treating some-
one 卑鄙手段 [伎俩]：He ordered the drinks and then left me
to pay. That was a dirty trick, wasn't it?他点了些饮料，然后
留下我去付账。那样做法也太卑鄙了，是不是？
dirty tricks /·/ n [P] secret dishonest or illegal activity, in-
cluding crimes such as murder, performed for a government or
other political group. The group of people who do it are some-
times called informally the dirty tricks brigade. 〔为政府或政
党做的〕不正当的秘密政治活动；政治把戏
dirty week·end /，··'/ n a weekend when a man and a woman
who are not married to each other go away together to have
sex 〔为达到私通目的的)风流周末：He's gone off with the boss' s
wife for a dirty weekend in Brighton. 他和老板的太太去布赖
顿共度风流周末了
dirty work /'· ·/ n [U] 1 unpleasant work that no one wants to
do 脏活；难活；没人愿干的工作：She left it to me to tell them
they were sacked -she always gets me to do her dirty work
for her. 她让我去告诉他们关于他们被解雇的事——她总是把她
不愿干的差事推给我。2 infml dishonest behaviour【非正式】非
法行为；卑鄙勾当；诈骗：There's been some dirty work with
the club accounts, and some money is missing. 俱乐部的账目
中有诈，一些钱不见了
dis- — see 参见 WORD FORMATION
dis. a. bil. i. ty /，dise`bileti; , dise'bilti/ n 1 [U] the state of being
disabled 失去能力；无能，无力：She gets a disability pension
from the government. 她领取政府发的伤残抚恤金。2[C] some-
thing that disables; a HANDICAP 残疾，伤残；缺陷：Blindness is
a very serious disability. 双目失明是很严重的残疾。
dis. a·ble /dis`eb]; dis'eibal/ v [T] 1 [often pass. 常用被动语态]
to make (a person) unable to use his/her body properly使残废：
使〔人体的手脚等〕丧失能力：a disabled soldier 伤残的士兵| 
He was disabled in the war. He lost his left arm. 他在战争中
残废了：他失去了左臂。| a disabling disease 导致残疾的疾病
2 to cause (e. g. a machine) to be no longer able to operate使
〔机器等〕出故障 3 [(from)] fml to take away (from a person) a
power or right; DISOUALIFY【正式】使〔某人〕失去权力[权利]：
使无资格：He is disabled from voting. 他被剥夺了选举权。-
~ment n [C; U
dis. a. bled /dis`ebld; dis'eibald/ n [the+P] people who are physi-
cally disabled 残疾人；伤残人士； The theatre has very good
access for the disabled. 这家剧院为残疾人设置了很方便的通
道。
dis. a. buse /dise`bjuz; dise'bju:z/ v [T (of)] fml to free (a
person) from a wrong belief【正式】去除··的错误想法：使省悟：
I must disabuse you of that idea. 我必须使你打消那种想法。
dis·ad·van·tage /dised`vaentid3; dised'va:ntid3/n [C; U] an
unfavourable condition or quality that makes a person or thing
less successful or effective than others 不利条件；不利：One of
the main disadvantages of the system is that it uses very large
amounts of fuel. 该系统的主要弱点之一是消耗大量燃料。| If
you don't speak good English, you'll beat a big disadvan-
tage when you try to get a job. 你要是英语讲得不好，找工作时
就会处于非常不利的地位。| Her height will be very muchto
her disadvantage if she wants to be a dancer. 她如果想当舞
蹈演员，她的身高会对她很不利
dis. ad·van·taged /，dised`vaentid3d; dised'va:ntid3d/ adj(of a
person) suffering from a disadvantage, especially with regard
to one's social position, family background etc〔指人〕社会地
位低下的；生活条件差的；处于困境的：disadvantaged student
from the poorest homes 来自最贫困家庭，生活条件极差的学生
dis·ad·van·ta·geous /dis, aedven`ted3es; disaedven'teid3es/adj
[(to)] causing or being a disadvantage 不利的；有害的；吃亏的
 — ~ly adv
dis·af·fect·ed /dise`fektid; dise'fektd/ adj [(towards)] dis-
satisfied and lacking loyalty, especially political loyalty 〔尤指
政治上〕不忠的；不满的：Some of the government's most loyal
supporters are now becoming disaffected, 政府一些最忠诚的
支持者现在变得越来越不满了。--fection /-`fεkfen; -'fekfen/
n [U]: There's growing disaffection among the more mode-
rate members of the party. 不满情绪正在该党较温和派党员中
滋长。
dis. af-fil. i. ate /dise`fili et; dise'filieit/ v [I; T (from)] (of a
person or organization) to break one's connection with an
organization （使）〔人、组织〕退出；脱离 — compare 比较 AF-
FILIATE
dis·af·for·est /dise`farist; dise'forst/ also 又作 disforest BrE
【英】-—y[T] DEFOREST 伐除森林[树木] — ~ation /disefaris-
tefen; disefor'steifan/ n [U]
dis. a. gree /dise`gri; dise'gri:/v [I(with)] 1 (of people) to have
different opinions; quarrel slightly〔人)不同意；意见不合；有分
歧；争执：Bill and I often disagree but we're good friends. 比
尔和我常常意见不相同，但我们是好朋友。|I strongly disagree
with the last speaker. 我极不同意最后一个发言者的观点。[ We
0483
disagreed over what should be done. 我们对应该采取什么措
施意见有分歧。2(of statements, reports etc) to be different
(from each other); fail to CORRESPOND〔声明、报告等〕不一致，
不符：These two reports of the accident disagree on a num-
ber of points. 这两份有关那次事故的报告在许多点上都说法不
·致。
disagree with sbdy. phr v [T no pass. 无被动语态] (of food
or weather) to have a bad effect on; make ill〔食物、气候)对. ·
不适宜；使··不舒服：Chocolate always disagrees with me. 我
吃了巧克力总感到不舒服
dis. a. gree·a. ble /dise`griebl; dise'gri:ebal/ adj1 unpleasant:
not what one likes or enjoys 不快的；讨厌的；不合意的：a dis
agreeable job 不合意的工作 2 (of people) bad-tempered and
unfriendly〔人〕脾气坏的；难相处的；不友善的：Stop being so
disagreeable! 别这么不友好！ - -bly adv - — ~ness n [U]
dis. a. gree·ment /dise`griment; dise'gri:ment/ n 1 [C; U] the
fact or a case of disagreeing 意见不一，分歧，争论：Bill and I
have been having a few disagreements lately, 比尔和我最近
有些意见分歧。| I am in total disagreement with you over
this, 对此我和你的意见完全不一致。2[U(between)] lack of
similarity(between statements, reports etc)〔陈述、报告等的]
不一致，不符：There is considerable disagreement between
these two estimates of the cost. 这两种成本估计相差很大。
dis. al. low/, dise`lau; , dise'lau/ v [T] fml to refuse officially to
recognize or allow【正式】不承认；不准，禁止；不受理；驳回：to
disallow a goalla claim 不承认一个进球[一项要求]
dis ap. pear/ dise`pir; dise'pie/y [I] 1 to go out of sight 消失
不见：The sun disappeared behind a cloud. 太阳消失在一片云
后面。2 to stop existing; come to an end 不复存在；灭绝，消亡：
These beautiful birds are fast disappearing. 这些漂亮的鸟类
正在面临灭种。3 to leave or become lost, especially suddenly
or without explanation （突然）离去；失踪；丢失：By the time the
police arrived the gang had disappeared. 警察到达时，那帮歹
徒已跑得无影无踪。| My keys have disappeared off the table
我放在桌上的钥匙不见了。| Several top-secret files have mys-
teriously disappeared. 几份绝密文件神秘地丢失了。 — ~ance
n [C; U]: Her disappearance was very worrying. 她的失踪十
分令人焦急
*dis. ap. point /，dise point; dise'point/ v [T] 1 to fail to fulfil the
hopes of (a person)使〔人)失望：I'm sorry to disappoint you
but I can't come after all. 让你失望我很抱歉，但我实在不能来。
2 to prevent the fulfilment of (a plan or hope); FRUSTRATE使
〔计划、希望〕落空；使受挫折；使破灭：to disappoint someone's
hopes 使某人的希望破灭
dis. ap. point. ed /dise`pointid; dise'pointd/ adj 1 [(about
at, in, with)](of a person) unhappy at not seeing hopes come
true〔人〕感到失望的，沮丧的，失意的：Since he lost the election
he's a disappointed man. 他落选后，一直心灰意冷。| She was
very/deeply disappointed aboutlat losing the race. 比赛输了
她很沮丧。| My parents will be disappointed in/with me if
fail the exam. 我如果考试不及格，我父母会对我感到失望的。
[F+to-v] I was disappointed to hear that they weren't coming
听说他们不来我很失望。|[F+(that)] I'm disappointed (that
you're not coming. 你不来我感到失望。2 (of a plan or hope
defeated; not fulfilled〔计划〕受挫折的：落空的：〔希望〕破灭的
disappointed hopes破灭的希望 - — ~ly adv
dis. ap. point. ing/, dise`pointin; , dise'pointin / adj making one
unhappy at not seeing hopes come true令人失望[沮丧，扫兴]
的：What disappointing news! 多么令人失望的消息！| Your
exam marks are rather disappointing; I expected you to do
better. 你的考试成绩相当令人失望；我本来估计你会考得好些
的。|disappointing profit figures令人失望的盈利数字 — ~ly
adv
dis·ap·point·ment /，dise`pointment; , dise'pointment/n 1 [U]
the state of being disappointed 失望，沮丧，扫兴，失意：To my
great disappointment, she wasn't on the train. (=this made
me disappointed)她不在那列火车上，令我大失所望。2[C]
someone or something disappointing 使人失望的人；令人扫兴
的事：Our son has been a disappointment to us. 我们的儿子使
我们失望。| The film was a bit of a disappointment. We ex-
pected it to be much better. 那部影片有点令人失望，比我们原
先估计的差很多。
dis. ap. pro. ba. tion /，disaepre`befen; disaepre'beifan/ n [U] fml
disapproval, especially of something immoral【正式】〔尤指对
不道德的事〕非难，不承认
dis·ap·proy·al/, dise`pruvl; dise'pru:val/n [U] the state of dis. 
approving 不赞成，不许可，反对；责难：He spoke with disap
proval of your behaviour. 他谈到你的行为时很不以为然。| She
shook her head in disapproval. (=as a sign of disapproval)她
很不赞成地摇了摇头。[ She gave up her job, greatly to my
disapproval. (=making me disapprove)她放弃了自己的工作，
我对此很不赞成
dis·ap·prove /，dise`pruv; dise'pru:v/ v1 [I (of)] to have an
unfavourable opinion of someone or something, especially for
moral reasons〔尤指因道德上的原因而〕不赞成，不同意：非难：He
disapproves of mothers going out to work. In fact, he disap-
proves very strongly. 他不赞成做母亲的外出工作；事实上他很
强烈地反对此事。2 [T] to refuse to agree officially to 不准许：
不认可：Congress disapproved the legislation. 国会否决了这
项立法。--provingly adv
dis. arm/dis`arm; dis'a:m/v1 [T] to take the weapons away
from 缴··的械；解除·的武装：The police disarmed the
criminal. 警察缴下那个罪犯的枪械。2 [I] (especially of a
country) to reduce the size and strength of its armed forces〔尤
指国家)裁军 — compare 比较 REARM 3 [T] apprec to gain the
trust or favour of, especially through friendliness【褒】〔尤指通
过表示友好〕取得··的信任[好感]，消除〔敌意〕；冰释〔疑虑〕：We
didn't trust him at first, but his charming manner completely
disarmed us. 我们开始时并不信任他，但他令人愉快的举止完全
消除了我们的疑虑。| a disarming smile 使人消除敌意的微笑
dis. ar·ma·ment /dis`armement; dis'a:mement/ n [U] the act
or principle of reducing or giving up weapons by a government. 
In Britain, many supporters of NUCLEAR disarmament are mem-
bers of CND. 裁军：解除武装〔在英国，许多核裁军的支持者是
核裁军运动的成员)：a lifelong supporter of nuclear disarma·
ment毕生拥护核裁军的人士 — compare 比较ARMAMENT(3), 
REARMAMENT
dis. ar·range /，dise`rend3; dise'reind3/ v [T] fml to upset the
arrangement of; make untidy【正式】使紊乱，弄乱 — ~ment
[U]
dis·ar·ray/, dise`re; , dise'rei/ n [U] fml the state of disorder【正
式】混乱，杂乱，不整齐：She rushed out of the burning house
with her clothes in disarray. 她衣衫不整地冲出着火的房子。
(fig. 喻) This latest internal row has thrown the government
into complete disarray. 最近的内讧已使政府完全陷入混乱
dis·as. so. ci·ate /dise`sofiet; , dise'seufieit/ v[T (from)] to
DISSOCIATE把··〔与·)分开，使分离，使脱离
disas. ter /diz`aeste; di'za:ste/ n [C; U] 1 (a) sudden serious
misfortune causing great suffering and damage 灾难，大祸，不
幸：The flood was a terrible disaster. Hundreds of people died. 
那次洪水是一场可怕的灾难，有数以百计的人丧生。|The crash
was the worst air disaster (=crash of a plane) this year. 那次
飞机坠毁事件是今年最严重的空难。| Everything was going
well, and then suddenly disaster struck. (=something terrible
happened)一切正进展顺利的时候，突然发生了可怕的事。2 infmi
(a)complete failure【非正式】彻底的失败，失败之举：The party
was an absolute disaster — the guests all got drunk and
started fighting with each other. 那次聚会搞得一塌糊涂
宾客全都喝醉了，并且厮打起来
disaster ar·e·a/·'··/‖also 又作 distressed area AmE【美】-
n a place which has suffered a lot of damage because of a di-
saster such as a flood. In the US, if the governor or the presi-
dent says that a place is a disaster area, it is then allowed to
receive money from the state or FEDERAL government to build
again. 灾区〔在美国，如果州长或总统宣布某一地区为灾区，该地
区即被准予接受州或联邦政府用以重建工作的赈灾款)：The area
has been declared a disaster area. 该地区已被宣布为灾区，
di-sastrous/diz`aestres; di'za:stres/ adj very bad; being or caus
ing a disaster 极糟糕的；灾难性的，造成灾难的：a disastrous
mistakelmarriage/failure灾难性的错误; 极不幸的婚姻; 惨重的
失败 | The new system has had a disastrous effect on pro-
ductivity. 新制度已对生产率造成灾难性的影响。 — ~ly adv
dis. a. vow /，dise`vau; dise'vau/ v [T] fml to refuse to admit
that one has (knowledge, a connection etc)【正式】否认，不承
认；推卸：She disavowed all responsibility for their actions
她不承认对他们的行动负有任何责任。| He disavowed any in
tention to deceive the public. 他否认有任何欺骗公众的意图。
~aln[C; U]
dis. band /dis`baend; dis'baend/ v [I; T] to break up and separate
解散；遣散：The club has disbanded. 俱乐部已解散。| The of
ficers disbandea the club. 干事们解散了俱乐部。 — ~ment m
[U]
dis. bar/dis`bar; dis'ba:/v-rr- [T often pass. 常用被动语态] to
make (a lawyer) leave the BAR or the legal profession 取消·. 
的律师资格 — compare 比较 DEBAR — ~ment n [U]
dis. be. lief /，disbe`lif; disb'li:f/n [U] lack of belief that some-
thing is true or that something really exists 不信，怀疑；不信仰
He shook his head in disbelief. 他怀疑地摇摇头。 — compare 
比较 UNBELIEF, BELIEF
dis. be. lieve/, disbe`liv; disb'li:v/ v [I (in); T] to refuse to be-
0484
lieve (a statement or person)不相信，怀疑〔某种说法、某人)：
see no reason to disbelieve what he says. 我看没有什么理由
不信他的话。- -liever n — compare 比较 UNBELIEVER
USAGE 用法说明 Disbelieve is a strong and rather for
mal word which suggests that there are good reasons for
not accepting something (especially a story or statement)
as true. It is not the usual opposite of believe. disbelieve
是个语气强烈的、相当正式的词，它暗示有充分理由不承认某
事（尤指某一叙述或说法）的真实性。它不是 believe 通常的
反义词。People say 人们常说：I don't believe you. (我不相
信你。) | I don't believe in letting children do whatever
they like. (我并不认为让孩子为所欲为是正确的。)
dis. burse /dis`b3s; dis'b3:s/ v [T] fml to pay out (money) espe. 
cially from a sum saved or collected for a purpose【正式】〔从
存款、募捐等中〕支付；支出 — ~ment n [C; U]: the disburse-
ment of ￡20 20英镑的支出 | to make several small disburse-
ments支出几笔小额款项
disc BrE【英】‖disk AmE【美】/disk; disk/ n 1 something round
and flat, or looking flat 圆盘；圆板；圆片：the disc of the full
moon 一轮满月 2 a record for playing on a RECORD PLAYER唱
片 — see also 另见 COMPACT DISC 3 a flat piece of CARTILAGE
(=strong bendable material) between the bones of one's back
(脊骨间的)椎间盘：The pain was caused by a slipped disc. 疼
痛是因椎间盘突出所引起。4 a DISK (2) in a computer system
〔电脑系统中的〕磁盘
dis card'/dis`kard; dis'kg:d/y1 [T] to get rid of as useless丢
弃；抛弃； to discard an old coat/one's old friends 丢弃一件旧
外衣；抛弃老朋友 2 [I; T] (in card games) to give up (unwanted
cards)〔牌戏中〕打出，丢出（无用的牌），垫牌：to discard the
Queen of Hearts 丢出红桃王后 | You've got to discard be-
fore you can pick up another card. 你得先打出一张牌，然后才
能再揭一张
dis. card2/diskard; 'diska:d/ n a card discarded in a card game
丢弃[垫出]的牌
disc brakes /'/ n [P] BRAKES (=apparatus for stopping the
wheels of a vehicle) which work by the pressure of a pair of
discs against another one in the centre of a car wheel〔汽车的
盘式制动器，圆盘刹车
di-scern /di`z3n; di's3:n/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进
行式] to see, notice, or understand, especially with difficulty; 
PERCEIVE〔尤指艰难地〕看出，分辨出；觉察出；识别；了解：I coula
just discern the shape of a horse in the mist, 在雾中我勉强能
看出一匹马的形状。| [+that] I soon discerned that the man
was lying. 我不久就觉察出那男人是在撒谎。| [+wh-] It was
difficult to discern which of them was telling the truth. 很难
分清他们之中谁在讲实话。 — ~ible adj: There is still no dis-
cernible improvement in the economic situation. 经济形势仍
然看不出明显的好转。 — ~ibly adv
di·scern. ing /di`z3nin; di's3:nin/ adj apprec showing an abil
ity to make good judgments, especially in matters of style. 
fashion, beauty etc【褒】〔尤指对时装款式、美等〕有眼力的，有识
别力的：The paper has a discerning readership. 这家报纸拥有
一批颇具眼力的读者。| a fashionable clothes shop for the dis-
cerning young man 为有鉴赏力的年轻人开的时装店
di. scern·ment/di`z3nment; di's3:nment/ n [U] apprec the qual-
ity of being discerning【褒】识别能力；洞察力；敏锐，精明：He
showed great discernment in his choice of wine. 他对选用哪
种酒特别讲究
discharge'/dis`tfard3; dis'tfa:d3/vusually fml【一般正式】
1 [T (from)] to allow or tell (a person) to go 允许〔某人)离开：
释放；解雇：The judge discharged the prisoner. 法官把那名囚
犯释放了。| Although she was still ill, she discharged herself
from hospital. 她虽仍在生病，却自己离开了医院。| He was
discharged from the army. 他从军队退伍了。2 [I+adv/prep; 
T] to send, pour, or let out (gas, liquid etc)流出；放出，排出〔气
体、液体等)：The chimney discharges smoke. 这烟囱冒烟。|
The River Rhine discharges (itself) into the North Sea. 莱茵
河流入北海。3 [T] to perform (a duty or promise) properly 尽
〔职)；履行〔诺言等〕4[T]to pay(a debt)completely清偿〔债
务) 5 [T] to unload 卸下：to discharge the ship/the cargo 卸船：
起货| The aircraft discharged its passengers. 飞机放下乘客。
6 [T (at, into)] to fire or shoot (a gun, ARROW etc)开火，发射
〔枪、炮)；射〔箭〕7 [I](of a wound) to send out PUS(=infected
liquid matter) 〔伤口等〕流脓；出水 8 [I; T] a (of a piece of elec
trical equipment) to send out electricity or lose stored electri-
cal power 〔电气设备〕放电 b to cause the removal of electricity
or of stored electrical power from 使〔电气设备)放电
dis·charge2n usually fml【一般正式】1 [U] the action of dis
charging 解除；解雇；退伍；释放；流出；排放；履行；清偿；卸货；
发射；放电：the discharge of one's debts/of one's duty/of smoke
from a chimney 债务的清偿；义务的履行；烟囱里烟的排放
After my discharge from the army I went into business. 我退
伍后开始经商。2[C; U] something that is discharged 流出物：
排出物；放出物；卸下的货：a discharge of electricity 放出的电
The fish in the river were poisoned by discharge from the
chemical factory. 河中的鱼被化工厂的排放物毒死了。
discharged bank-rupt /·'，·/ n a BANKRUPT (=someone who
is unable to pay their debts) who has obeyed the orders of the
court and is now free to do business again 已解除债务之破产人
disc har. row/', ·/ n a machine with a set of DISCs on a frame, 
which is rolled over the ground to break it up so that crops can
be planted圆盘犁，旋转犁
di. sci. ple /di`saipl; di'saipal/ n 1 a follower of any great teacher
(especially of a religious teacher)信徒，门徒；崇奉者；追随者，
弟子：Martin Luther King considered himself a disciple of
Gandhi. 马丁·路德·金自认是甘地的信徒。2(often cap. 常用大
写)in the Christian religion, one of the first followers of Christ, 
especially an APOSTLE 耶稣12使徒之一；耶稣的门徒：the 12
disciples 耶稣12门徒
di. sci. ple. ship /di`saip] fip; di'saipalfip/ n [U] the state or time
of being a disciple 门徒的身份；做门徒的时期
dis. ci. pli. nar. i. an /，diseplin`crien; , dis pl'nearien/n a person
who can make people obey orders or who believes in firm dis-
cipline 执行纪律者；严格纪律信奉者：a strict disciplinarian严
格执行纪律者
dis. ci. pli. na. ry /diseplim Eri; 'displineri/ adj connected with
punishment or the encouragement of obedience 惩戒性的；执
行纪律的，纪律上的：The college authorities took disciplina-
ry action against the protesting students. 学院当局对抗议的
学生采取了纪律措施。| She was dismissed in accordance with
the company's usual disciplinary procedures. 依照公司实行
的一般纪律程序，她被解雇了。
dis. ci. pline1/diseplin; 'displan/ n 1 [C; U] (a method of) train-
ing to produce obedience and self-control 训练；训导；锻炼；训
练法：school/military discipline 学校[军事]训练 | Learning
poetry is a good discipline for the memory. 背诗是训练记忆的
好方法。 — see also 另见 SELF-DISCIPLINE 2 [U] a state of or
der and control gained as a result of this training 纪律；戒律；教
养；自制：The teacher can't keep discipline in her classroom. 
那位女教师无法维持课堂纪律。3[U]punishment that is in-
tended to produce obedience 惩罚，处罚，处分：That child needs
discipline! 那孩子需要受惩罚！ 4 [C] a branch of learning stud-
ied at a university 〔大学的)学科，科目：an academic discipline
学术性科目
discipline2v [T] 1 to train or develop, especially in obedience
and self-control 训练；训导；管教：They never make any at-
tempt to discipline their children. 他们从来没有尝试去管教一
下自己的孩子。| a disciplined army 受过训练的军队 |I've
disciplined myself to do two hours of exercises every day. 我
已严格规定自己每天做两小时运动。2 to punish for the purpose
of keeping order and control 惩罚，处罚：The offenders will be
severely disciplined. 违法者将受严惩。
disc jock. ey /'·/ — see 参见 DJ
dis. claim /dis`klem; dis'kleim/ v [T] to state that one does not
have or accept; DENY 拒绝承认，否认；放弃：He disclaimed all
responsibility for the accident. 他否认自己对这次事故有任何
责任。| [+v-ing] She disclaims being involved in the affair. 
她否认与此事有牵连。
dis. claim. er /dis`kleme; dis'kleime'/n a statement which dis-
claims 不承担责任的声明；放弃[弃权]声明：to issue/publish a
disclaimer发表不承担责任的声明
dis. close /dis`kloz; dis'kleuz/ v [T] 1 to make known (especially
something that has been kept secret) publicly 公开；揭露，泄
露，透露〔尤指秘密)：The judge asked the reporters not to dis-
close the name of the murder victim. 法官要求记者不要公开被
谋杀者的姓名。| [+that] She disclosed that she had been in
prison. 她透露自己曾坐过牢。2 to show by uncovering 暴露，
揭开：The curtain opened, disclosing an empty stage. 幕拉开
了，露出一个空空的舞台。
dis. clo. sure /dis`klo3e; dis'kleu3e/n 1 [U] the act of disclos-
ing 揭发；泄露；透露；公开：the unauthorized disclosure of state
secrets 未经批准而泄露国家机密 2 [C] a fact, especially a se-
cret fact, which is disclosed 揭发[泄露、公开]出来的事物：In
the course of the trial a number of sensational disclosures
were made. 在审判过程中揭露出一系列耸人听闻的事情，
dis·co /`disko; 'diskeu/ also 又作 discotheque fml【正式】— n
pl. -cos 1 a club where people dance to recorded popular mu-
sic 迪斯科舞厅〔播放流行音乐供人们跳舞的场所〕2 a social oc-
0485
casion at which people dance to recorded popular music 迪斯
科舞会：the Friday night disco in the church hall 星期五晚上
在教堂大厅举行的迪斯科舞会 — see Cultural Note at 参见
DANCE1文化注释
disco danc-ing /'·. ·/n [U] dancing to modern recorded popular
music 迪斯科舞
dis. col. o. ration /dis kvle`refen; dis, kvle'reifan/ n 1 [U] the act
of discolouring or the process of being discoloured 变色；退色
2 [C] a discoloured place; a mark or STAIN 变色处；退色处；污
渍；污点
dis·col·our BrE【英】‖discolor AmE【美】/dis`kvle; dis'kvle/
y [I; T] to (cause to) change colour and look worse （使）变色
(使)褪色：teeth discoloured by years of smoking 因多年吸烟
而变色的牙齿
dis. com·bob·u·late /diskem`babjulet; diskem'bobjleit/v[T]
AmE infml to confuse or upset【美，非正式】使困惑；使不安，扰
乱：The stress of moving house is discombobulating her. 搬家
的压力使她心烦意乱
dis. com·fit /diskamfit; dis'kvmfet/v[T] fml to make (someone)
feel rather annoyed and uncomfortable; EMBARRASS slightly
【正式】使困窘，使狼狈：She hadn't done anything, so she was
rather discomfited when he thanked her for her valuable help
她没做任何事情，因此当他感谢她的宝贵帮助时，她感到相当尴
尬。
dis. com. fi. ture /dis`kvmfitfa; dis'kvmfotfe/n [U] the act of
discomfiting or state of being discomfited尴尬，狼狈，困
dis. com·fort/dis`kvmfe·t: dis'kvmfet/n 1 [U] lack of comfort; 
the state of being uncomfortable 不舒服，不舒适：The wound
isn't serious, but may cause some discomfort. 伤不重，但可能
引起某些不适。2 [C] something that makes one uncomfortable
使人不舒服的事物：苦事：不方便：the discomforts of travel 旅
行的种种不便 3 [U] slight anxiety or shame 不安；不自在：She
turned red with discomfort when the teacher called out her
name. 当老师大声喊出她的名字时她不好意思地脸红了。
dis. com·mode /diske`mod; diske'meud/ y [T] fml to cause
difficulty for; INCOMMODE【正式】给·添麻烦；使不方便，使为
难
dis. com·pose /diskem`poz; diskem'peuz/ v[T] fml to make
(someone) lose control and become worried【正式】使失常：使
不安；使心烦意乱 - -posure /-`po3; -'peu3e/n [U]
dis. con·cert /，disken`s3t; , disken's3:t/v [T often pass. 常用被
动语态]to make(someone)feel doubt and anxiety; PERTURE
使疑虑不安：使为难，使窘困，使慌张：Their parents were dis-
concerted by their silence. 他们的父母因他们的沉默而感到很
为难。| It was rather disconcerting to find that someone had
been opening my letters. 我发现有人在拆看我的信件，这使我
相当不安。 — ~ingly adv: The baby is disconcertingly like Mr
Jones. 那个婴儿很像琼斯先生，像得叫人感到奇怪
dis. con·nect /，diske`nkt; , diske'nekt/ v [T] 1 [(from)] to undo
the connection of (especially a public supply, e. g. electricity
telephone wires etc)使不连接，使分离；切断〔尤指电力、电话等
公用服务)：They've disconnected our phone because we didn't
pay the bill. 由于我们没交电话费，他们切断了我们的电话。| to
disconnect a waterpipe from the mains supply 把一条水管与
总管道分开 2 to break the telephone connection between (two
people)使〔电话〕挂断：I think we've been discon-nected, op
eratoi -- will you try the number agair, please?接线员, 我们
的电话大概给挂断了——请你再试接一下这个电话号码，好吗？
~ion /-`nkfen; -'nekfan/n [C; U]
dis. con·nect·ed /diske`nktid; diske'nektd/adj(especially
of thoughts and ideas) having no connection 〔尤指思路、想法)
不连贯的，无关联的； a few disconnected remarks 几句无关联
的话 — ~ly adv
dis. con·so. late /dis`kanslit; dis'konsalt/ adj hopelessly sad. 
especially at the loss of something〔尤指因有所失而〕郁郁寡欢
的，忧郁的：She is disconsolate aboutlatlover the death of het
cat. 她因猫死了而闷闷不乐。 — ~ly ady
dis·con·tent1/, disken`tant; , disken'tent/ also 又作 dis·con·tent. 
ment /-`tentment; -'tentment/ --n [U (with)] lack of satisfac-
tion; restless unhappiness 不满；不满足；不愉快：growing dis
content among the young unemployed 年轻失业人士中日益增
长的不满 — opposite 反义词 content(ment)
discontent2v[T] to make (someone) discontented 使不满，使
不愉快，使不平
dis·con·tent·ed /disken`tentid; disken'tentd/ adj [(with)]
dissatisfied and restlessly unhappy 不满的；不满足的；不愉快
的；不平的：She has a discontented look, as if she never en-
joys life. 她一脸不满的神情，似乎她从未享受过生活的乐趣。|
He's discontented with his job. 他对自己的工作不满意。| dis
contented customers 不满的顾客 — ~ly adv
dis. con·tin·ue /. disken`tinjv; disken'tmju:/y[T] rather fml to
stop or end; no longer continue (especially something that has
existed or happened regularly or for a long time)【较正式】停
止，终止，中断〔尤指存在已久或定期发生的事物)：The bus ser
vce has been discontinuec. 公共汽车服务已停止。| discon. 
tinued software 不再生产的软件 | The shop is having a sale
ofdiscontinued lines. (=products that are no longer being
produced)这家商店在销售一些已不再生产的商品。--uance
n [U]
dis. con. ti·nu. i. ty /，diskante`nueti; , diskont'nju:ti/n1 [U] the
quality of not being continuous 不连续 （性） 2 [C (between)]
fml a breaking or space; GAP【正式】中断，间断
dis. con. tin·u. ous /disken`tinjues; , disken'tinjues/ adj not con
tinuous in space or time 不连续的，断断续续的，间断的：This is
a discontinuous line ----. 这是一条不连续的线
~ly adv
dis. cord /diskord; 'disko:d/n 1 [U] fml disagreement between
people【正式】不和，不调和，不一致：marital discord 夫妻不和
2 [C; U](a) lack of agreement heard when musical notes are
played which do not sound pleasant together 〔音乐的〕不协和
 — compare 比较 CONCORD, HARMONY
dis. cord·ant /dis`kordnt; dis'ko:dant/ adj in a state of discord
不和的，不一致的，不调和的；不谐和的：discordant opinions/
sounds不一致的意见; 不谐和的声音- — ~ly advw
dis. co. theque /disketek; diske'tek/ n fml for【正式】=DISCC
dis. count1 /diskaunt; 'diskaunt/ n 1 a reduction made in the
cost of buying goods 折扣：The staff at the shop get a discount
of ten per cent. 商店职工购货有九折。| We can give you a small
discount. 我们可以给你(打)个小折扣。| a discoun retailer
rate 出售廉价商品的零售商；贴现率 — compare 比较 REBATE
2at a discount ：a below the usual price 打折扣，低于正常价格
b fml not valuable or wanted【正式】不值钱的；不受重视的，不
受欢迎的：Honesty seems to be rather at a discount today. 如
今诚实似乎很吃不开
dis. count2 /`diskaunt; dis'kaunt/ v [T] to regard (a story, piece
of news, suggestion etc) as unimportant or unlikely to be true
or valuable 认为·不重要；对··不全信[打折扣]：Experts have
discounted the possibility of a second earthquake in the area
专家们不大相信这个地区可能发生第二次地震
dis. coun·te·nance /dis`kauntenens; dis'kauntnens/ v [T] fml
to look with disfavour on (behaviour) and try to prevent it【正
式】不赞成，不支持，反对〔某种行为
discount rate /'. / n AmE the rate of interest which the Fed-
eral Reserve Bank charges American banks that borrow from
it【美】贴现率〔指联邦储备银行贷款给美国各银行时收取的利息
率〕 — compare 比较 BASE RATE, PRIME RATE
discount store /'· ·/ also又作 discount house n a shop where
goods are sold below the price suggested by the makers 廉价商
店
*dis. cour. age /dis`k3id3; dis'kvrid3/ v [T] 1 to take away cour
age, confidence, or hope from 使泄气，使灰心，使丧失信心：If
you fail your driving test the first time, don't let it discour-
age youldon't be discouraged. 如果你考驾驶执照第一次没有
通过，别因此而泄气。| a very discouraging result 十分令人失
望的结果 2 to prevent or try to prevent (an action), either by
showing disapproval or by putting difficulties in the way 使打
消做…的念头; 反对, 阻止, 劝阻〔某种行动):We discourage
smoking in this school. 本校反对在校内吸烟。| The political
instability of the region has discouraged investment by big
companies. 这一地区的政治不稳定已使一些大公司打消投资的念
头。3[(from)] to make (someone) unwilling to do something, 
especially because of the threat of something unpleasant; DE
TER阻止〔某人)做某事，阻拦；使放弃：The bad weather discour-
aged people from attending the parade. 恶劣的天气阻挠了人
们去参加游行。 — opposite 反义词 encourage - -agingly adv
*dis. cour. age. ment /dis`k3id3ment; dis'kvrid3ment/ n 1 [U]
the action of discouraging or fact of being discouraged 阻拦，
阻止，反对：泄气，灰心，失望2[C] something that discourages
使人泄气的事物
dis. course1 /`diskors; 'disko:s/ n fml【正式】1 [C (on, upon)] a
serious speech or piece of writing about a particular subject
〔关于特定专题的〕演讲；讲道；论文：The priest delivered a long
discourse on/upon the evils of adultery. 牧师就通奸的罪恶做
了冗长的讲道。2[U]serious conversation〔严肃的〕谈话，交谈：
They passed the hours in learned discourse. 他们在一起切磋
学问度过了许多个小时。3 [U] connected language in speech
or writing〔讲话或文章中的〕语段；话语；语域：to analyse the
structure of scientific discourse 分析科学语域的结构
dis. course2/di`skors; dis'ko:s/
discourse upon/on sthg. phr v [T] fiml to make a long formal
0486
speech about【正式】讲述，论述；演讲；说教：She discoursed at
length upon/on the relationship between crime and environ-
ment. 她详细论述了犯罪与环境之间的关系
dis. cour. te. ous /dis`k3ties; dis'k3:ties/ adj fml (of people or
their behaviour) not polite; showing bad manners; rude【正式】
〔人或其行为〕不礼貌的，失礼的，粗鲁的：It was discourteous of
you not to thank him. 你不谢他是失礼的。 — ~ly ady — ~ness
n[U]
dis·cour·te·sy/dis`k3·tesi; dis'k3:tesi/ n [C; U] fml (an act of
discourteousness【正式】无礼，失礼，粗鲁；不恭的言行：You
showed great discourtesy by not asking him to sit down. 你不
请他坐下是极不礼貌的表现。
*dis. cov. er/dr`skaye: dis'kave/y [T] 1 to find (something that
already existed but was not known about before)发现：Colum-
bus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于 1492年发现美洲。
Scientists have discovered a new virus. 科学家发现了一种新
病毒。— see 参见 INVENT (USAGE) 2 to find out (a fact, the
answer to a question or problem etc)弄明〔真相等)：找到〔答案
等)；发觉：We soon discovered the truth. 我们很快就查明了真
相。| Police have discovered a bomb factory at a country
house. 警察在一所庄园住宅里找到了一个制造炸弹的场所。
[+wh-1 Did you ever discover who sent you the flowers?你到
底有没有弄清是谁送花给你？ | We never discovered how to
open the box. 我们从未找到打开这只箱子的办法。|[+(that)]
Scientists have now discovered that this disease is carried by
rats. 科学家现已查明这种病是由老鼠传播的。 — ~er n
dis. cov·e·ry /di`skaveri; dis'kaveri/ n 1 [U] the event of dis-
covering 发现：The country became very rich following the
discovery of oil. 在发现石油以后，这个国家变得很富有。2[C]
a fact or thing that has been discovered 被发现的事实 [事物]：
The archaeologists have made a number of important dis. 
coveries. 考古学家已有了许多重要发现
Discovery, the the ship in which Captain SCOTT went to the
ANTARCTIC in 1901-1904“发现号”[1901年至1904年间斯科
特船长前往南极洲时乘坐的船只
disc park·ing /'·/ n [U] parking in a car park or on a street
which is only permitted to drivers whose cars show a special
disc which they have bought 〔停车场或街道中，只有出示购买的
特制圆牌才能停放车辆的〕圆牌停车制
dis. cred·it'/dis`kredit; dis'kredt/ v [T] 1 to cause people to
lack faith in; stop people believing in or having respect for使
不相信，使怀疑：败坏··的名声：使丧失信誉：The idea that the
sun goes round the Earth has long been discredited. 太阳绕
地球转的观念早已不为人们所信。| Much of his work has been
discredited because we now know that he used false infor
mation. 他著作中的许多部分已遭到怀疑，因为我们现在知道他用
了不真实的资料。| a deliberate attempt to discredit the gov-
ernment 蓄意败坏政府名声的企图 2 to refuse to believe in 拒
绝相信，不信任：怀疑：One should discredit a good deal of what
is printed in newspapers. 对报纸上登的不少东西都不应相信。
see also 另见 CREDIT
discredit2n 1 [U] loss of belief, trust, or the good opinion of
others 丧失信誉；丧失名誉：Their behaviour has brought dis
credit on English football. 他们的行为败坏了英国足球运动的
声誉。| I know several things to her discredit, (=bad things
about her)我知道几件有损她名誉的事。2 [S+to] someone or
something that brings shame or loss of respect; a DISGRACE 败
坏名声的人[事]；耻辱：That boy is a discredit to his family. 那
个男孩是家门的耻辱
dis. cred. i. ta. ble /dis`kreditebl; dis'kredtebal/ adj (of behav. 
iour)causing discredit; SHAMEFUL〔行为〕有损信誉的；丢脸的
可耻的 --bly adv
di-screet/di`skrit; di'skri:t/ adj(of people or their behaviour
careful and sensible, especially in what one chooses not to say; 
careful to avoid causing difficulty or discomfort, especially ir
social situations〔尤指人或其行为在社交场合〕谨慎的，慎重的
考虑周到的； a discreet silence 谨慎的沉默 | It wasn't very di-
screet of you to ring me up at the office. 你往我办公室打电话
有点考虑欠周。- — opposite 反义词 indiscreet; compare 比较
DISCRETE — ~ly adv
di·screp·an·cy /di`skrepensi; di'skrepensi/ n [C; U (between
in)] difference; lack of agreement or similarity 不同，差异，不
致；不相符之处：There is some discrepancy between their
two descriptions. 他们两人的描述有些出入。| How do you
explain these discrepancies in the accounts?你如何解释账目
中这些矛盾？
di-screte/drskrit; di'skri:t/ adj especially tech or fml separate; 
DISTINCT【尤术语或正式】分离的，各别的；有别的；不连续的：The
picture consisted of a lot of discrete spots of colour. 这幅画
由许多互不相连的色点组成。 — compare 比较 DISCREET — ~ly
ady — ~ness n [U]
di-scre·tion /dr`skrefen; di'skrefan/ n [U] 1 the quality of be. 
ing discreet 谨慎；慎重：You can trust her to keep your secret-
she's the soul of discretion, (=very discreet) 你可以相信她会
替你保守秘密 ——她是个非常谨慎的人。2 the right or ability
to decide what is most suitable to be done 判断力，辨别力；判断
[选择]的自由，自行裁决：I won't tell you what time to leave -
you're old enough to use your own discretion. 我不告诉你什
么时候离开——你已长大了，该自己做出决定。| The hours of
the meetings will be fixed at the chairperson's discretion. 
(=according to the chairperson's decision)开会时间将由会议
主席自行决定。3 Discretion is the better part of valour It is
better to be careful than to take risks. 勇敢贵在审慎：不作无谓
的冒险
di·scre. tion. a. ry/di`skrefen, eri; di'skrefen ari/ adj fml not gov-
erned by fixed rules but left to someone's decision【正式】自由
决定的，随意的：discretionary powers 酌情行事权|a discre-
tionary grant of money 可自行处理的资助款
di·scrim·i·nate /di`skrime, net; di'skrimaneit/v1 [I(between); 
T(from)] to see or make a difference between things or people:
DISTINGUISH 区别，辨别，区分：Death does not discriminate
It comes to everyone. 死亡对每个人都一视同仁，它会降临到每
个人的身上。| You must learn to discriminate between facts
and opinions/to discriminate facts from opinions. 你必须学
会把事实和看法区分开来。2 [I(against, in favour of)] usu-
ally derog to unfairly treat one person or group worse or bet-
ter than others【常贬】不公平地对待，歧视：This new law dis-
criminates against lower-paid workers. 这条新法律歧视低工
资的工人
di-scrim. i·nat·ing/di`skrime, netin; di'skrim/neitin/ adj apprec
showing an ability to see a difference, especially in value, be-
tween two things, people etc; showing good judgment, espe
cially in matters of taste【褒】有识别力的，有辨别力的；有鉴赏
力的；discriminating filmgoers 很有鉴赏眼光的电影观众
di·scrim·i·na·tion/di skrime`nefen; di. skrim'neifan/n [U]
1 [(against, in favour of)] often derog the act or system o
treating different groups or people in different ways, especially
unfairly. In Britain and the US, there are laws against discrimi-
nation according to race, religion, or sex. 【常贬】差别对待；歧
视，排斥〔在英国和美国都有反对种族、宗教或性别歧视的法律〕：
discrimination against women 对妇女的歧视| racial discrimi-
nation 种族歧视 2 apprec the quality of being discriminating
【褒】识别力，辨别力；鉴赏力，眼力：man of discrimination 有
眼光的人 — see also 另见 POSITIVE DISCRIMINATION, REVERSE
DISCRIMINATION
di·scrim. i. na. to. ry/di`skrimene torr: di'skrimnetari/ adj of
ten derog showing or based on discrimination【常贬】差别对待
的；歧视的：discriminatory immigration laws 歧视性的移民法
di·scur·sive /di`sk3-siy; di'sk3:siv/ adj (of a person, words, or
writing)passing from one subject or idea to another in an in-
formal way, without any clear plan〔人、言语、文章〕东拉西扯
的；离题的；散漫的；不着边际的：to write in a discursive style
以散漫的风格写作 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
dis. cus /`diskes; 'diskes/ n a heavy plate-shaped object, now
usually made of wood or plastic, which is thrown as far as
possible as a sport 铁饼
di-scuss /di`skvs; di'skvs/ v [T (with)] to consider (something
by talking or writing about it from several points of view讨
论，议论；商讨；论述，详述：She discussed her plans with her
mother. 她和母亲讨论自己的计划。| The chairman refused to
discuss the rumours that the company was in difficulties. 董
事长拒绝讨论有关这家公司陷于困境的传闻。| The second chap
ter discusses different approaches to the treatment of cancer
第二章论述治疗癌症的各种方法。| [+wh-] We discussed what
to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了要做什么和该去哪
里的问题。
di-scussion /di`skafen; di'skvfan/ n [C; U] a case of or the
action of discussing 讨论，议论；论述，详述；研讨，辩论，审议
to havelhold a discussion about our future plans 举行一次关
于未来规划的讨论会 | to settle the matter with as little di-
scussion as possible 尽可能不议论就解决问题 | The question
of school books will come up for discussion at today's meet-
ing. 有关课本的问题将在今天的会议上加以讨论。| We haven't
made a decision about the new factory yet- the subject is
still under discussion, (=being discussed)我们对于新工厂尚
未做出决定，这个问题仍在讨论之中。
dis. dain'/dis`den; dis'dein/ n [U] fml complete lack of respect
the feeling that someone or something is worthless or not im. 
portant enough to deserve one's attention【正式】蔑视，鄙视
轻视 — compare 比较 CONTEMPT(1)
0487
disdain2 v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式] fml【正式】
1 to regard with disdain 蔑视，鄙视，轻视：They disdained our
offers of help. 他们鄙视我们提出愿意给予帮助的建议。2 [+to-v]
to refuse to do something because of pride 不屑于··，以做··为
耻：She disdained to answer his rude remarks, 她不屑回答他
那些无礼的话。
dis. dain-ful /dis`denfel; dis'deinfal/ adj [(of, towards)] show-
ing disdain 轻蔑的，鄙视的，倨傲的；轻视·的：a disdainful smile
轻蔑的一笑 — ~ly adv
dis·ease /di`ziz; di'zi:z/ n [C; U] (an) illness or unhealthy con-
dition caused by infection, a disorder etc, but not by an acci
dent 疾病；病：a serious disease of the liver 严重的肝病 | an
infectious disease传染病| a blooc/brain disease血液病; 脑
病 | a rare plant disease 罕见的植物病害 | to contract (=begin
to have) a disease 感染疾病 | Many diseases are/Some dis
ease is caused by bacteria. 许多病[有些病] 是由细菌引起的。|
(fig. 喻) diseases of the mind/of society 精神疾患；社会弊端 -
diseased adj: a diseased bone/plant 有病的骨骼；有病害的植
物 | (fig. 喻) a diseased imagination 病态的妄想 — see also
另见 HEART DISEASE, SOCIAL DISEASE
□USAGE 用法说明 Though illness and disease are ofter
used in the same way, illness is really a state, or length of
time, of being unwell, which may be caused by a disease
It is diseases that can be caught and passed on if they are
infectious, and that are the subjects of medical study. 虽然
illness 和 disease 常常可用作同义词，但 illness 实际上指
身体不适的状态或时期，可能由 disease 所引起。各种 dis-
ease 才是用来指那些可以染上和传染他人的疾病，以及作为
医学研究课题的疾病：Several children are away from
school because of illness. (有几个孩子因为生病没有来上
学。)| a rare heart disease （一种罕见的心脏病
dis·em·bark /disim`bark; dism'bo:k/ also 又作 debark ν[I
T(from)] a (of people) to go on shore from a ship〔人)上岸
登陆 b to put(people or goods)on shore 使上岸，使登陆；〔从船
上)卸下（货物） — opposite 反义词 embark — see 参见 BOAT
(USAGE) — ~ation /，dismbar`kefen; , disemba:'keifan/n[U]
dis·em·bod·ied /disim`badid; , dism'bodidadj [A no comp
无比较级]1 (of a soul) existing without a body〔灵魂〕脱离肉
体的：the disembodied spirits of the dead 死者的游魂 2 (of a
sound) coming from someone who cannot be seen 〔声音〕看不
到的人发出的：Disembodied voices could be heard in the dark-
ness. 在黑暗中可以听到人声，却看不见人影
dis·em·bowel /disim`bauel; dism'bauel/y-ll-BrE【英】‖-I-
AmE【美】[T] to take out the bowels of 取出··的内脏 — ~ment
n[U]
dis·en·chant·ed /disin`tfaentid; , disn'tfa:ntd/ adj[(with)](of
a person) having lost one's belief in the value of something不
再抱幻想的；不再着迷的；感到幻灭的：disenchanted with my job
对我的工作不再抱幻想--chantment n[U]
dis·en-fran-chise /，disin`fraentfaiz; , disin'fraentfaiz/ v[T] to take
away the right to vote from (a person)剥夺（公民的）选举权 -
opposite 反义词 enfranchise — ~ment /-tfizment; -tfizment/
n[U]
dis·en·gage /disin`ged3; disn'geid3/y[I; T (from)]1 a (es
pecially of parts of a machine) to come loose and separate〔尤
指机器部件等〕松开，脱开，解开 b to loosen and separate 使松
开，使脱开，卸开；解除：Disengage the gears when you park
the car. 停放汽车时要松开排挡。2 (of soldiers, ships etc) to
stop fighting(使)〔士兵、战舰等〕停止交战，脱离接触：The two
sides disengaged (themselves)after suffering heavy losses. 
双方遭受惨重损失之后停火了。 — ~ment η[U(from)]
dis·en·tan. gle /，disin`taeng]; , disn'taengal/v [T] 1 to remove
knots from (rope, hair etc) and straighten it out 解开〔绳子、头
发等〕的结 2 [(from)] to free from a position that is difficult to
escape from; EXTRICATE 使摆脱（困境） ：I finally managed to
disentangle myself from the barbed wirelfrom an unhappy
relationshin. 我终于设法从有刺的铁丝网[不愉快的关系]中挣
脱出来了。3[(from)] to separate from a confused condition, 
especially to find out by doing this 分清，理顺〔混乱情况)：How
can I disentangle the truth from all these lies?我怎能从各种
谎言中理出事实真相呢？ — ~mentn[U]
dis·e·qui·lib·ri·um /dis ikwe`libriem:disekw'libriem/n[U]
fml the loss or lack of EQUILIBRIUM (=balance)【正式】失去平
衡，不平衡，失调
dis. es. tab. lish /dise`staeblif; dis'staeblif/ v [T] to take away
the official position from (a national church such as the Church
of England)废除〔教会〕的官方地位；解除；废止 — ~ment n [U]
dis·fa·vour, BrE【英】‖ -vor AmE【美】/dis`feve; dis'feive/ n
[U] fml【正式】1 dislike and disapproval 不喜欢；不赞成：The
proposal is regarded with extreme disfavour by most doctors. 
大多数医生都极为反对这项建议。2[(with)] the state of being
disliked or disapproved of 受冷遇；失宠：John seems to be in
disfavour/have fallen into disfavour with the boss. 约翰似乎
受到老板的冷遇。 — see also 另见 FAVOUR
dis-fig-ure /dis`figje; dis'fige/v [T] to spoil the beauty of 损毁··
的外形；使变丑：a street disfigured by ugly buildings 被丑陋的
建筑物弄得很难看的街道 | He was disfigured for life by the
burns he received in the accident. 他在事故中被烧伤，使他终
身毁容。 — ~ment n[C; U]
dis-for-est /dis`farist; dis'fprst/ v [T] to DEFOREST 砍伐〔某地)
的森林[树木] — ~ation /-faris`tefen; -for'steifan/ n [U]
dis. fran. chise /dis`fraentfaiz; dis'fraentfaiz/ v [T] to DISENFRAN
CHISE 剥夺·的公民权[选举权] — ~ment /-tfiz-; -tfiz-/ n [U]
dis. gorge /dis`gord3; dis'go:d3/v 1 [T] to bring up from the
stomach through the mouth 吐出，呕出； The dog disgorged the
bone it had swallowed. 狗吐出已吞下的骨头。| (fig. 喻) chim. 
neys disgorging smoke 喷吐着烟尘的烟囱 2 [T] infml to give
up(something stolen)【非正式】交出，交还〔赃物)：They per
suaded him to disgorge the missing documents. 他们劝他交出
那份不见了的文件。3 [I+adv/prep; T] (of a river) to flow out; 
pour out (its water)〔江河〕倾注，流出：The Mississippi dis-
gorges (its waters) into the Gulf of Mexico. 密西西比河注入
墨西哥湾。
dis. grace'/dis`gres; dis'greis/ n [S; U (to)] (a cause of) shame
or loss of honour and respect 丢脸，耻辱，不名誉，出丑；招致丢
脸的原因：His action brought disgrace on the whole family. 
他的行为给全家带来了耻辱。| Harry's in disgrace (=regarded
with disapproval) because of the way he behaved at the party. 
哈里由于在聚会上行为失检而受到人们的蔑视。|Doctors like
that are a disgrace to their profession. 那种医生对医疗行业
来说是一种耻辱。| That old dress of yours is a disgrace. 你那
件旧衣服真叫人丢脸。| The condition of these old buildings
is a national disgrace. 这些残旧建筑物的状况是国家的耻辱。
disgrace2v [T] 1 to bring shame and dishonour on; be a dis
grace to 使丢脸，使受耻辱：You disgraced yourself last night
by drinking too much. 你昨晚喝酒过多，使自己出丑了。2 [usually
pass. 一般用被动语态] to cause (a public person) to be out of
favour; DISCREDIT使〔公众人物)失宠；使失势；使名誉扫地：The
corrupt official was publicly disgraced. 那个腐败的官员当众
蒙羞。
dis. grace. ful /dis`gresfel; dis'greisfal/ adj bringing or deserv-
ing disgrace 丢脸的，可耻的，不光彩的，不名誉的：disgraceful
behaviour 可耻的行为 — ~ly adv: disgracefully dirty streets
脏得丢人的街道
dis-grun·tled /dis`grant]d; dis'grvntld/ adj [(at, with)] annoyed
and disappointed, especially because of not getting what one
wants〔尤指因未能如愿而〕不满的，不高兴的
dis-guise' /dis`gaiz; dis'gaiz/ v[T] 1 [(as)] to change the usual
appearance or character of (someone or something), in order
to hide the truth 把··假扮起来；把··伪装起来：He escaped by
disguising himself as a security guard. 他装扮成保安人员逃
跑了。| She disguised her voice when she phoned the news-
paper. 她给报社打电话时故意改变了声音。2 to hide (the real
and usually unpleasant state of things)掩饰，掩盖；隐瞒：There's
no disguising the fact/It is impossible to disguise the fact that
business is bad. 生意不景气的事实是无法掩盖的。 | He could't
disguise his disappointment. 他无法掩饰自己的失望。
disguise2n [C; U] something that is worn to hide who one re-
ally is 伪装物：The thief wore a false beard and glasses as a
disguise. 那个贼戴上假胡子和眼镜把自己伪装起来。| a clever
disguise巧妙的伪装 | She crossea the border in disguise
(=wearing a disguise)她化了装越过边境。|(fig. 喻) His opin
ions are just imperialism in disguise. 他的看法不过是改头换
面的帝国主义把戏。 — see also 另见 a blessing in disguise
(BLESSING(4)
dis·gust' /dis`gvst; dis'gvst/ n [U (at)] a strong and often sick
feeling of dislike caused by an unpleasant sight, sound, or smell
or by behaviour that one strongly disapproves of作呕；厌恶. 
憎恶，反感：The sight of rotting bodies filled him with disgust. 
那些腐烂尸体的景象令他作呕。| I left the room in disgust (at
their conversation). 我（对他们的谈话）很反感，便离开了房间。
disgust2v [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式] to cause a
feeling of disgust in 使人厌恶；令人作呕；招人反感； Your hab-
is disgust me. 你的习惯令我反感。| I'm completely disgusted
atlwith the way his wife has treated him. 他老婆那样待他，使
我反感透了
Disgusted of Tun-bridge Wells /. ·'/ n BrE a humor-
ous name for a typical old-fashioned MIDDLE CLASS person
0488
living in the town of TUNBRIDGE WELLS in SE England, who
writes letters to newspapers strongly criticizing things about
modern behaviour or modern life which they find shocking
【英】愤慨的坦布里奇韦尔斯人〔对英格兰东南部坦布里奇韦尔斯
镇中思想传统的中产阶级居民的谑称。他们写信给报纸，强烈批评
令他们感到震惊的时髦行为和生活〕
dis·gust·ing /dis`gvstin; dis'gvstin/ adj1 causing a feeling of
disgust 令人作呕的；令人厌恶的，讨厌的：What a disgusting
smell!多么讨厌的气味！| disgusting food/behaviour 令人作
呕的食物：令人厌恶的行为 2 infml yery unpleasant or bad:
AWFUL【非正式】非常令人不快的：极坏的，极糟的：I think it's dis-
gusting the way the government keeps putting up taxes. 我认
为政府不断加税的做法糟透了。-—~ly adv: disgustingly smelly
feet 令人作呕的臭脚 | They're disgustingly rich. 他们富得令
人反感
dish1 /dif; dif/ n 1 a a large flat often round or OVAL container
sometimes with a lid, from which food is put onto people'
plates 碟，盘：a serving dish 大盘子〔用来盛待分食物的盘子)
a vegetable dish 菜盘 — compare 比较 BOWL; see also 另见
DISHES b also 又作 dishful /-ful; -ful/ -- the amount a dish
will hold 一盘 [碟] 之量：two dishes/dishfuls of potatoes 两盘
马铃薯 2 AmE any plate or bowl【美】碟子；碗 3 food cooked
or prepared in a particular way 一盘菜；菜肴；食品； an unusual
dish of fish cooked in a wine sauce with chestnuts 一道味道独
特的酒烹栗子鱼 — see also 另见 SIDE DISH 4 any object shaped
like a dish, e. g. the large REFLECTOR of a radio TELESCOPE 碟
状物，射电望远镜的抛物面反射器 - — see also 另见 SATELLITE
DISH 5 infml a sexually attractive person(may be considered
offensive to women)【非正式】〔可能会被认为是对妇女的冒犯)
性感[漂亮] 的人：She's quite a dish, isn't she?她是个性感妞
儿，对吧？- — see also 另见 DISHY
dish2v [T] old-fash infml, especially BrE to cause the failure
of (a person or his/her hopes)【过时，非正式，尤英】使〔某人〕失
败；使〔希望〕破灭；挫败，打垮
dish sthg. → out phr v [T] infml【非正式】1 to serve out to
several people; HAND out 把〔菜〕分到各人的盘子里；分发；提
供：He dished out the soup. 他把汤分给大家。| He likes dish-
ing out advice. 他总爱向别人提忠告。2 dish it out to punish
or express disapproval of someone, especially thoughtlessly
or unjustly 〔尤指不体谅、不公正地〕惩罚；辱骂；叱责 3 dish the
dirt AmE to spend time talking about other people's private
lives and saying unkind or shocking things about them【美】说
人闲话，说三道四：Tom Cruise's ex-wife Mimi Rogers doesn't
dish any dirt on him in her interview, 汤姆·克鲁斯的前妻米
米·罗杰斯在接受采访时丝毫没有对他说三道四。|One day soon
you'll find yourself talking to another recent bride, dishing
te dirt abou the terrible wedding presents you both got, 用
不了多久你就会和另一位才结婚的新娘一起抱怨你们俩收到的结
婚礼物是多么糟糕。
dish (sthg. ←) up phr v [I; T] to put (the food for a meal) into
dishes, ready to be eaten, 把〔食物〕盛到盘里：Would you help
me dish up (the vegetables/the dinner)?请你帮我把菜肴[蔬
菜；饭菜]盛到盘子里，好吗？
dis·ha·bille /，dise`bil; , dise'bi:l/ n AmE for【美】= DESHABILLE
dis. har·mo. ny /dis`harmeni; dis'ha:meni/n [U] disagreement:
lack of HARMONY 不协调；不和谐；不一致 -- -nious /dishar-
`monies; disha:'meuniesadj
dish-cloth /`dif klo0; 'difklD0/ n a cloth for washing dishes 洗
碗布
dis. heart. en /dis`hartn; dis'ha:tn/ v [T] to cause to lose hope
and confidence; discourage 使沮丧，使灰心，使失去希望[信心]：
Don't be disheartened. 别灰心。| disheartening news 令人沮
丧的消息 -— ~ingly adv — ~ment n [C; U]
dish·es /`difiz; 'difz/ n [P] all the dishes, plates, cups, knives. 
forks etc, that have been used for a meal〔就餐时用过的〕餐具
<包括盘、碟、杯、刀、叉等>：Let's wash/do the dishes. 我们来
洗碗碟吧
di·shev·elled, also 又作 -eled AmE【美】/dr`favld; dr'fevald/ ad
(of a person or their appearance, especially the hair) very un-
tidy 衣冠不整的，不修边幅的：头发乱蓬蓬的
dish·ful /`dif ful; 'diffol/ n a DISH1(2)一盘[碟]之量
dis. hon. est /dis`anist; dis'pnst/ adj (of a person or their
behaviour) not honest; tending to cheat or deceive〔人或其行
为)不诚实的，不老实的，不正直的：a dishonest politician 不诚
实的政客|to get money by dishonest means 以不正当的手段
弄钱| It was very dishonest of you to lie to them about your
qualifications. 你向他们谎报资历是很不老实的。-— ~ly adv
dis. hon·est·y /dis`anisti; dis'onsti/ n [U] being dishonest; lack
of honesty 不诚实，不正直：The report was a mixture of half-
truth and downright dishonesty, 这篇报道半真半假，是不折
不扣的不老实行为
dis·hon·our' BrE【英】‖ -or AmE【美】/dis`ane; dis'one/ n [S
(to); U] fml (something or someone that causes) loss of honour
【正式】不名誉，耻辱；丢脸的事[人]：His desertion from the army
was a dishonour to his family/brought dishonour on his
family. 他从部队开小差，使他家蒙受耻辱
dishonour2 BrE【英】‖ -or AmE【美】y [T] 1 to bring dishonour
to; DISGRACE 使受耻辱，使丢脸；败坏·的名誉 2 (of a bank) to
refuse to pay out money on (a cheque)〔银行〕拒绝承兑〔支票〕，
使〔票据〕退票 — compare 比较 BOUNCE1(3)
dis·hon·ou·ra·ble, BrE【英】‖-orable AmE【美】/dis`ane-ebl; 
dis'onarebal/ adj (especially of behaviour) not honourable; 
SHAMEFUL〔尤指行为)不名誉的，不光彩的，可耻的：a dishonou-
rable action 可耻的行为 -- -bly ady
dishonourable dis. charge /··/ n [C; U] (a case of) be-
ing made to leave the army with dishonour because one has
behaved in an unacceptable way 开除军
籍
dish-pan /`difpaen; 'difpaen/ n AmE a large bowl put into a sink
in which one washes dishes【美】〔放在洗涤槽中使用的〕洗碟盆
Mom always puts on moisturizer to prevent dishpan hands. 
(=dry hands caused by washing dishes)妈妈常在手上擦些润肤
品以防洗过碗碟后双手干燥
dish tow·el /'·/ n especially AmE a cloth for drying dishes:
TEA TOWEL【尤美】用来擦干碗碟的毛巾
dish·wash·er /`dif, wafe·; 'dif, wofe/ also 又作 dish·wash·ing
ma·chine /`difwafin me fin; 'difwofin me, fi:n/ - n1 a ma
chine that washes DISHES. Although they are becoming more
common, it is still considered a LUXURY to own a dishwasher. 
洗碗机〔尽管洗碗机日益普及，但仍然被视为一件奢侈品〕2aper-
son who washes DISHES 洗碗碟的人
dishwashing lig. uid /`difwafin, likwid; 'difwofin, likwd/n
[U] AmE WASHING-UP LIQUID【美】洗涤液；洗洁精
dish·wa·ter `dif, wate; 'dif, wo:te/n [U] often derog water in
which dirty dishes have been washed【常贬】洗过碗碟的水：This
tea tastes like dishwater. 这茶的味道像洗碗水
dishwater blond /，· '·/ n [C; U] AmE infml (a person with)
hair of a dull light brown colour【美，非正式】灰暗的淡褐色头
发（的人）
dish-y /`difi; 'difi/ adj infml (of a person) having sexual charm
【非正式】〔人〕有魅力的，诱人的，性感的：Have you met her
dishy husband?你见过她那位性感的丈夫吗？ - — see also 另见
DISH1(5)
dis·il·lu·sion /disi`lu3en; dis'lu:3an/ v [T] to free from an IL. 
LUSION(=a wrong idea); tell or show the (especially unpleasant)
truth to 使醒悟；使不再抱幻想；告诉··〔尤指不愉快的〕真相：
hate to disillusion you, but his real reason for helping you
was that he was after your money. 我实在不愿把实情告诉你. 
但事实上他是醉翁之意不在酒，他为了要把你的钱弄到手才帮助
你。-— ~ment, disillusion n[U]
dis. il·lu·sioned /disi`lu3end; dis'lu:3and/ adj [(at, about
with)] feeling bitter and unhappy as a result of having learned
the unpleasant truth about someone or something, especially
that one formerly admired or respected 不再抱幻想的，大失所
望的，幻想破灭的：He's very disillusioned with the present
governmentlat the government's handling of the economy
他对现政府| 政府处理经济问题的手法]很失望
dis·in·cen·tive /，disin`sentiv; , disn'sentiv/ n [(to)] a practice
system etc, that discourages action or effort; something that
fails to provide an INCENTIVE 障碍因素；起抑制作用的事物：This
tx will be a disincentive to industrial development, 这种税对
工业发展将是一种障碍因素
dis·in. cli·na. tion /，disinkle`nefen; , disinkl'neifan/n [S; U(for, 
towards)] (a) lack of willingness 不愿意；不乐意，厌恶：[+to
y] She has shown a marked disinclination to do anything to
help us. 她已作出明显的表示，不愿做任何事情来帮助我们。
dis. in. clined /disin`klaind; , disin'klaind/ adj [F+to-v] unwill-
ing; RELUCTANT 不愿意的，不喜欢的；无意于··的：I'm disin
clined to lend him any more money. 我不愿再借给他钱。--
see also 另见 INCLINED
dis·in·fect /disin`fekt; disn'fekt/ v [T] to clean (things and
places) with a chemical that can destroy bacteria给〔东西、场
所〕消毒[杀菌]：to disinfect a wound/the toilet 给伤口[厕所]
消毒 — see also 另见 INFECT — ~ion /-`fakfen; -'fekfen/ n [U]
dis. in-fec·tant / disin`faktent; disn'fektent/ n [C; U] a chemi-
cal used to destroy bacteria 消毒剂，杀菌剂
dis·in. fla. tion. a. ry /disin`flefeneri; , disin'fleifanari/ adj=DE-
FLATIONARY
dis·in. for. ma. tion /disinfa`mefen; disinfe'meifan/n [U] false
information spread intentionally to give people mistaken ideas
especially in political situations〔有意散播以扰乱视听的〕假情
0489
报，假消息〔尤指关于政治局势的假情报〕
dis·in·gen·u. ous /disin`d3enjues; disn'd3enjues/ adj(of a
person or behaviour) not open or sincere; slightly dishonest
and untruthful〔人、行为〕不坦率的，不真诚的；不诚实的，虚伪的：
The car salesman was rather disingenuous, giving the im-
pression that the car used very little fuel. 那个汽车推销商不
太老实，给人造成这种汽车耗油极少的印象。 — compare 比较
INGENUOUS — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
dis. in. her. it /，disin harit; disn'hert/ v [T] to take away from
(usually one's own child) the legal right to receive (INHERIT)
one's property after one's death 剥夺〔子女〕的继承权 — ~ance
n[U]
dis. in·te·grate /dis`inte gret; dis'intgreit/ v [I; T] to break up
into small pieces （使）碎裂[分裂，粉碎]；（使）崩溃[瓦解]：The
box was so old it just disintegrated when I picked it up. 那箱
子太破旧了，我刚一提就散了。| (fig. 喻) The project disinte-
grated owing to lack of financial backing, 那个计划因缺乏财
政支持而告吹了。- -gration /dis, inte`grefen; dis, int'greifan/
n[U]
dis. in. ter /，disin`t3; , disin't3:/v-rr- [T often pass. 常用被动语
态] fiml to dig up (especially a body from a grave)【正式】〔从墓
中〕掘出〔尤指尸体〕 — opposite 反义词 inter — ~ment n [C:
U]
dis·in·terest·ed /dis`interestid; dis'intrsted/ adj1 willing or
able to act fairly because one is not influenced by personal
advantage; OBJECTIVE〔因不涉及个人利益而〕公正的；客观的，无
偏见的；无私的：As a disinterested observer, who do you think
i right?作为一名无偏见的观察者, 你认为谁对呢? 2 [(in)] infml
not caring; uninterested【非正式】〔对··〕不关心的；〔对··〕不感
兴趣的：She seems completely disinterested (in her work). 她
似乎（对自己的工作）完全不感兴趣。 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
□USAGE 用法说明 Compare 比较 disinterested and 和
uninterested: The argument should be settled by some-
one who is disinterested. (=who will not gain personally
by deciding in favour of one side or the other)(争论应当由
位公正的人士来调解。)| I'm completely uninterested in
football. (=I do not find football at all interesting. ) （我对
足球毫无兴趣。)
dis·in·vest·ment /disin`vestment; disn'vestment/ BrE【英】
also 又作 divestment AmE【美】— n [U] the act of taking one's
money out of a place or business in which one has previously
invested (INVEST) it 抽回投资资本；负投资；减少资本投资
dis. joint. ed /dis`d3ointid; dis'd3ointd/ adj (of words or ideas
not well connected; not following in reasonable order 〔言语，
思想〕不连贯的，支离破碎的，杂乱无章的：She gave a rather
disjointed account of the incident. 她对该事件的报道相当支离
破碎。 — ~ly ady — ~ness n [U]
dis·junc·tive /dis`d3vnktiv; dis'd3vnktiv/ adj tech (of a CON. 
JUNCTION)expressing a choice or opposition between two ideas
【术语】〔连接词〕分离性的，反意的：‘Or’is disjunctive/is a dis
junctive conjunction, but ‘and' is not. “or”是个分离性连词，
“and”却不是
disk /disk; disk/ n AmE【美】1 for = DISC 2 also 又作 disc - a
flat circular piece of plastic used for storing computer infor-
mation 〔电脑的〕磁盘 — see also 另见 FLOPPY DISK
disk drive /' ·/ n a piece of electrical equipment used for pass. 
ing information to and from a DISK(2)磁盘驱动器
dis·kette /dis`kat; dis'ket/ n a small FLOPPY DISK 小型软式磁
盘，软盘
dis. like1 /dis`laik; dis'laik/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用
进行式] to consider unpleasant; not to like 不喜爱，厌恶：I dis-
lke big cities. 我不喜欢大城市。| Why do you dislike her so
much?你为什么那么讨厌她？ | [+v-ing] I dislike having to get
up early, 我讨厌很早就要起床。
dis. like2 /，dis`laik; , dis'laik/n [C; U (of, for)] (a) feeling of
disliking 厌恶，讨厌，反感：to have a dislike of/for cats 不喜欢
猫 | She took an immediate dislike to him. (=began to dislike
him at once)她一下子就对他产生了反感。| We all have our
likes and dislikes. (=things we like and things we dislike)我们
都有自己的好恶
dis lo·cate /dislo, ket; 'dislekeit/ v [T] 1 to put (a bone) out of
its proper place 使〔骨头〕脱位[脱臼]：I dislocated my shoul-
der when I was playing tennis. 我打网球时肩膀脱臼了。| a
dislocated shoulder 脱臼的肩膀 2 to put (plans, business, ma-
chinery etc) into disorder; DISRUPT使〔计划、生意等〕混乱，使
〔机器〕运转不正常：打乱··正常秩序
dis lo. ca·tion /dislo`kefen; , disle'keifan/ n [C; U] (a case of)
being dislocated 脱位，脱臼；混乱，紊乱：people suffering from
dislocation. and broker bones遭受脱臼和骨折之苦的病人
The storm caused considerable dislocation of air traffic. 风
暴极大地扰乱了航班。
dislodge /dis`lad3; dis'lod3/ v [T (from)] to force or knock
out of a position 把· 〔从·〕赶出[逐出]；把··移去：The cough-
ing dislodged the fishbone from his throat. 他一咳嗽就把卡在
喉咙里的鱼刺咳出来了。 — see also 另见 LODGE — ~ment n
[U]
dis. lov. al /dis`loiel; dis'loiel/ adj [(to)] not loyal; UNFAITHFUL
不忠实的；〔对·〕不忠诚的：disloyal behaviour 不忠实的行为| 
disloyal to the king 对国王不忠 — ~ly adv — ~ty n [C; U (to)]
dis. mal /`dizml; 'dizmal/ adj expressing or causing sadness; 
lacking hope or happiness; GLOOMY 忧郁的，沮丧的，凄凉的：
阴郁的，惨淡的；沉闷的：a dismal song 令人忧伤的歌| dismal
weather 阴沉的天气 | a dismal failure 令人沮丧的失败 | The
future looks pretty dismal. 前景看来相当暗淡。 — ~ly adv
dis·man·tle /dis`maentl; dis'maentl/ v1 [I; T] a to take (a ma
chine or article) apart 拆开，拆卸〔机器等) b to be able to be
taken to pieces 可拆开，可拆卸：This engine dismantles easily
这台发动机很容易拆。2 [T] to bring to an end (a system, ar
rangement etc), especially by gradual stages〔尤指逐步地)取
消〔制度、安排等)：The new government set about dismantling
their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制
定的法律。 — ~ment n[U]
dis. mast /dis`maest; dis'ma:st/ v [T] to take away the MASTS
(=poles which carry the sails) from (a ship)打落[打断、吹断、
弄倒]〔船上的〕桅杆
dis. may1/dis`me; dis'mei/ v [T] to fill with dismay 使惊恐；使
焦虑；使失望；使气馁：We were dismayed bylat the cost. 这笔
费用使我们感到震惊。
dismay2n [U] a strong feeling of fear, anxiety, and hopeless-
ness 惊恐；焦虑；失望；气馁：They listened in/with dismay to
the news. 他们诚惶诚恐地听着这个消息。| They were filled
with dismay by the outcome of the trial. 他们对审讯结果很失
望。| To their dismay, the door was locked. 使他们惊慌的
是，门已被锁上了
dis·mem·ber /dis`mambe; dis'membe/ v [T] to cut or tear (a
body) apart, limb from limb 分割·的肢体，肢解：The young
man's dismembered body was found in a box. 那年轻男子被
肢解的尸体在一个箱子中被发现了。 — ~ment n[U]
*dis. miss /dis`mis; dis'mis/ v [T] 1 [(from)] to refuse to con
sider (a subject or idea) seriously 不予考虑；摒弃〔念头、想法
等)：He just laughed, and dismissed the idea as impossible
他笑了笑，认为那主意根本不可行而不予考虑。2[(from)]fml to
remove from a job; SACK2【正式】解雇，开除，免·的职：If you're
late again you'll be dismissec (from your job). 如果你再迟
到，就将被解雇。3 [(from)] to send away or allow to go 把··打
发走，让··离开；遣散，解散：The teacher dismissed the clas:
early. 老师提早下课了。4 (of a judge) to stop (a court case) be-
fore a result is reached 〔法官)驳回，不受理：The judge dismissed
all the charges against Smith, saying “Case dismissed!”法
官驳回对史密斯的一切指控，声称“此案不予受理！”5(in cricket
to end the INNINGS of (a player or team)〔板球〕使〔击球运动
员、球队〕退场
dis. miss. al /dis`misl; dis'misal/n [C; U] an act of dismissing
or case of being dismissed 解雇，撤职；解散，遣散；驳回诉讼
She's suing the company for unfair dismissal. 她正在控告公
司无理解雇。
dis. miss. ive /dis`misiv; dis'misiv/ adj [(of)] considering a
person, idea etc to be not worthy of attention or respect对. . 轻
视的，轻蔑的，鄙视的：He might have been less dismissive of
their talents if he could have seen their latest achievements. 
如果他看到他们最近的成就，他也许就不会那么小看他们的才干
了。
dis. mount /dis`maunt; dis'maunt/ v1 [I (from)] to get off a
horse, bicycle etc 〔从马背、自行车等)下来 — see 参见 BICYCLE
(USAGE)2 [T] to take down (especially a gun) from its base
or support〔从底座、支架等上〕取下，卸下〔尤指枪、炮〕
Dis. ney /dizni; 'dizni/, Walt /wolt; wo:lt/ (1901-1966) a US
film PRODUCER who started his own company in the 1920s, 
and is famous especially for making CARTOON films for
children, and for inventing some of the best-known cartoon
characters, including MICKEY MOUSE and DONALD DUCK. His
cartoon films include Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and
Fantasia, and he also made many nature films and adventure
films for children. His company continues to make popular
films, especially for children. 迪斯尼〔(1901-1966)，美国电影
制作人，曾于20世纪20年代创办自己的公司，尤以制作儿童动画
影片及创作了包括米老鼠和唐老鸭在内的著名卡通人物而出名，其
动画影片有《白雪公主和七个小矮人》和《幻想曲》。他还制作过许
0490
多适合儿童的自然风光片和历险片。他的公司仍在不断推出深受
人们喜爱的电影，尤其是儿童片
Dis·ney·land /^diznilaend; 'diznilaend/ trademark【商标】1 a very
large park near the US city of Los Angeles with many amuse-
ments, RIDES (=exciting journeys in special vehicles), shops. 
restaurants, and hotels. Many of the shows and rides are based
on Walt Disney's film characters, such as MICKEY MOUSE, and
several imaginary worlds have been made, such as Adventure-
land. 〔美国〕迪斯尼乐园〔位于美国洛杉矶市附近的大型公园，内
有许多游乐场、惊险滑车、商店、餐厅和旅馆。不少表演和滑车都
是根据米老鼠等迪斯尼影片中的人物设计的。园内还建造了几处
梦幻世界，如冒险乐园等)2 one of the similar parks near Paris
(formerly called Eurodisney) or Tokyo〔巴黎或东京附近的〕迪
斯尼乐园〔巴黎的迪斯尼乐园旧称欧洲迪斯尼〕
Disney World /. ·'/ officially called the Walt Disney World
trademark a very large park near the us city of orlando. 
Florida, with amusements, games, shops etc, similar to Disney-
land. It is very popular with US and British tourists, especially
those with children. 【商标】迪斯尼世界〔位于美国佛罗里达州奥
兰多市附近的大型公园，内有游乐场、娱乐活动、商店等，与迪斯尼
乐园相似，深受英美旅游人士，尤其是带孩子的游客喜爱〕— see
colour map on pages A2-3参见A2-3页彩色地图
dis·o·be·di·ent /dise`bidient; dise'bi:dient/ adj[(to)](espe. 
cially of a child) failing or refusing to obey〔尤指孩子)不顺从
的，不服从的，不听话的：a disobedient child 不听话的孩子| He
was disobedient to his mother. 他不顺从他的母亲。| It was
very disobedient of you to stay out so late. 你那么晚才回家，
太不守规矩了。 — see also 另见 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE — ~ly
adv - -ence n [U (to)]
dis·o·bey /dise`be; dise'bei/ν [I; T] to fail to obey 不顺从，不
服从；违抗；违反：Don't dare to disobey! 不许违抗！ | to dis-
obey the rules 违反规则 | He disobeyed his mother and went
to the party. 他没有听母亲的话，去参加晚会了
dis. o. blige /dise`blaid3; dise'blaid3/ v [T] fml to go against
the wishes of; cause inconvenience to【正式】违背·的愿望：给··
添麻烦，对··不通融；使不便：It was very disobliging of her to
refuse to help. 她拒绝帮忙，真是不近人情。- -bligingly adv
dis or. der'/dis`orde; dis'o:de/n 1 [U] lack of order; confusion; 
DISARRAY 混乱，无秩序；杂乱，凌乱：The house was in a state
of complete disorder because of the young children. 屋里因
为有小孩子而凌乱不堪。2[C; U](a) violent public expression
of political dissatisfaction〔表达政治上不满的〕骚乱，动乱：pub
lic disorder because of the tax increases 因增税而引起的社会
骚乱 3 [C: U](a) failure of part of the body (or mind) to work
properly〔身体、精神的〕失调，紊乱；小病，不适：suffering from
(a) stomach disorder 患胃病 | a rare nervous disorder 罕见
的神经错乱
disorder2y [T] to put into DISORDER1(1, 3)使混乱，使凌乱：使
失调，扰乱：a disordered (=ill) mind/brain 不正常的头脑
dis. or. der. ly /dis`ordeli; dis'o:deli/ adj 1 untidy; completely
lacking organization or order 杂乱的，凌乱的，混乱的；无秩序
的：a disorderly room 乱七八糟的房间 2 causing trouble, noise
or violence in public; UNRULY 妨害治安的；制造混乱的；无法无
天的：disorderly conduct/youths 胡作非为的行为[青年] | They
were arrested for being drunk and disorderly, 他们因酗酒和
妨害治安而被捕。- -liness n[U]
disorderly house /·，· '·/ n law, especially BrE a place where
women can be hired for sexual pleasure; BROTHEL【律，尤英
妓院
dis·or·gan·ized, also 又作 -ised BrE【英】/dis`orge naizd; dis-
o:genaizd/ adj (especially of arrangements, systems etc) in a
state of disorder; lacking organization_组织[秩序]混乱的，无
系统的，杂乱无章的：The company's accounts are rather dis-
organized, 公司的账目相当混乱。| I've been a bit disorgan-
ized about answering my letters. 我写回信的工作安排得有点
乱。—-ization /dis, orgene`zefen; dis, o:genai'zeifan/n[U]
dis·or·i·en·tate /dis`orien, tet; dis'o:rienteit/ BrE【英】
dis·or·i·ent /-ri, ent; -rient/ ν [T usually pass, 一般用被动语态]
to cause (someone) to lose the sense of direction 使〔某人)迷
失方向：I'm completely disorientated - which direction are
we heading in?我完全迷失方向了 ——我们在朝哪个方向走？
(fig. 喻) His mother's death really disorientated him. 母亲的
去世实在使他不知所措。--tation /dis orin`tefen; 
dis, o:rien'teifen/n[U]
dis·own /dis`on; dis'eun/ v [T not in progressive forms 不用进
行式] to refuse to accept as one's own; say that one has no
connection with 否认·是自己的；声明与·没有关系，不认··
The organization disowned him when he was arrested for
fraud. 当他因诈骗而被捕时，那个组织否认与他有任何关系
di·spar. age /di`spaerid3; di'spaerid3/ v [T] to speak about with-
out respect; make (someone or something) sound of little value
or importance 贬低；轻视；诋毁：He tends to disparage the ef-
forts of conservationists. 他总是贬低自然资源保护者的种种努
力。| disparaging remarks 毁谤性的话 - -agingly ady -
~ment n [C; U]
dis. pa. rate /`disperit; 'dispart/ adj fml (of two or more things)
completely different; impossible to compare in their qualitie:
【正式】〔两种或多种东西〕根本不同的；不能相比拟的，全异的
Chalk and cheese are disparate substances, 粉笔和乳酪是完
全不同的东西。 — ~ly adv
di·spar·i·ty /dis`paereti; di'spaerti/n [C; U (between, in, of)]
fml (an example of) being completely different or unequal【正
式】不同；不等；不一致；悬殊：There is (a) considerable dis-
parity in the rates of pay for men and women. 男女工资的比
率相差悬殊。 — see also 另见 PARITY
dis·pas·sion·ate /dis`paefenit; dis'paefant/ adj usually apprec
(of a person or behaviour) calm and fair and not easily influ-
enced by personal feelings【一般褒】〔人、行为〕冷静的；不动感
情的；不带偏见的；公平的 — see also 另见 PASSIONATE — ~ly
adv — ~ness n jUl
di·spatch', despatch /di`spaetf; di'spaetf/ v [T] 1 [(to)] to send
to a place or for a particular purpose 派遣，调遣；发送：to dis
patch letters/invitations 发出信件 [请帖] | A messenger wa
dispatched to take the news to the soldiers at the front, 一名
通讯员被派去给前线士兵送消息。2 infml to finish (especially
food) quickly【非正式】匆匆吃完；匆忙做完：We soon dispatched
the chocolate cake. 我们很快就吃完了巧克力蛋糕。3 euph to
kill, usually officially and according to plan【婉】处决，就地正
法：杀死
dispatch2, despatch n 1 [C] a message carried by a govern-
ment official, or sent to a newspaper by one of its writers〔由政
府官员专递的〕公文，急件：〔新闻〕急电，专电，电讯：to send/carry
a dispatch from Rome to London 从罗马向伦敦发电讯稿：把急
件从罗马送到伦敦 2[U] fml speed and effectiveness【正式】迅
速处理，速办；高效率：She did the job with great dispatch. 她
以高效率完成那件工作。3 [U] the act of dispatching 派遣，调
遣；发送；迅速了结；处决 — see also 另见 DISPATCHES
dispatch box /·'·/ n 1 [C] a box for official papers 公文递送箱
2 [the] a box on a central table in the British House of Com. 
mons, next to which the most important members of parlia-
ment stand to make speeches 英国下议院演讲席
di-spatch·es, despatches /di`spaetfiz; di'spaetfz/ n [P] official
reports sent to a government to describe a battle 战报，战讯；正
式通报：He was mentioned in dispatches for his bravery. 他
因勇敢而受到通报表彰。
dispatch rid·er /. '，. ·/ n a messenger, on horseback or motor-
cycle, who carries dispatches. Many people think of dispatch
riders in connection with war and passing important informa-
tion to other army groups at great speed and often at great per-
sonal danger. 〔骑马或摩托车的〕通信员〔人们把他们与战争和冒
生命危险为军队快速传递情报联系在一起
di·spel /di`spel; di'spel/ v -ll-[T] to drive away (as if) by scat-
tering 驱散；消除：The sun soon dispelled the mist. 阳光很快就
驱散了薄雾。| Her reassuring words dispelled our doubts/
fears. 她令人放心的话消除了我们的疑虑[恐惧]。
di·spen·sa·ble /di`spensebl; di'spensebal/ adj not necessary
that can be dispensed with 非必要的，可有可无的 - — opposite
反义词 indispensable
di. spen. sa. ry /di`spenseri; di'spens ari/n a place where medi-
cines are dispensed and where medical attention is given, es-
pecially in a hospital or school〔医院的〕配药处，药房；〔学校等
的)医务室 — compare 比较 PHARMACY(1)
dis. pen·sa·tion /. dispen`sefen; dispen'seifan/ n 1 [C; U](a
case of) permission to disobey a general rule or break a promise. 
often in a religious context. A dispensation from the Church
allows people to be free from a law or promise, such as
marriage. 〔常在宗教背景下，对不遵守常规、誓约等行为的〕特许. 
豁免〔有了教会的特许，人们可以不受法律或誓约的束缚)：Their
marriage was annulled by a special dispensation from the
Church. 他们的婚姻关系是在教会的特许之下解除的。2[U] fml
the act of dispensing【正式】分配，分发；施与；实施，施行：the
dispensation of justice 法律的执行 3 [C] fml a particular reli-
gious system, especially considered as controlling human af-
fairs during a period【正式】〔尤指宗教上在某一时期内规范人事
的)教规，宗规，制度：during the Christian dispensation 实行
基督教教规的时代
di·spense /di`spens; di'spens/ v [T] 1 [(to)] to give out to a
number of people 分配，分发；施与；施行：A judge dispenses
justice. 法官主持公正。| This machine dispenses coffee. 这台
机器发售咖啡。| to dispense favours 施与恩惠 2 to mix and
0491
give out (especially medicines available only on PRESCRIPTION
from a doctor)〔尤指根据医生处方〕配〔药)；发〔药〕
dispense with sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to do without or man-
age to exist without 省掉；不用·：We shall have to dispense
with the car. We can't afford it. 我们只好不用汽车了，因为我
们负担不起。2 to make unnecessary 使成为不必要：没有··也
行：免除：The new computer system will dispense with the
need for keeping files. 新的电脑系统将使保存档案变得没有必
要。
di·spens. er /di`spense; di'spense/n 1 a person who dispenses
medicines 配药员；药剂师 2 a machine or container from which
something can be obtained, e. g. by pushing or by pressing a
handle 分发器：自动售货机； a soap dispenser in a public toilet
公共厕所中盛洗手液的装置| a drinks dispenser 饮料机| a
cash dispenser outside a bank 银行外面的自动提款机
dispensing chem. ist /···/ n (in Britain) a person who both
sells medicines and is trained to dispense them〔英国)受过配
药训练的售药商
di·sper. sal /di`sp3sl; di'sp3:sal/ n [U] the act of dispersing or
the fact of being dispersed 消散，分散，疏散，驱散；四散：After
the dispersal of the crowd, five people were found to be hurt
人群被驱散后，发现有五人受了伤
di·sperse /di`sp3s; di'sp3:s/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) scatter or
spread in different directions, so as to be no longer present
(使)分散：（使）散开：（使）消散：驱散：After school the childrer
dispersed to their homes. 放学后，孩子们都四散回家了。| The
wind dispersed the clouds. 风驱散了云。| Police used tear
gas to disperse the crowd. 警察用催泪弹驱散人群。2 [T] to
place at different points 把··部署在不同的位置：Groups of po-
lice were dispersed all along the street where the Oueen was
to pass. 一队队的警察分布在女王将要经过的街道两旁
di·sper·sion /di`sp3·fen; di'sp3:fan/ n [U] tech dispersal【术语】
色散；频散；弥散：the dispersion of light by a prism 光通过棱镜
形成的弥散
di-spir. ited /dispiritid; di'spirtd/ adj lit discouraged; without
hope; in low spirits【文】垂头丧气的，气馁的，心灰意懒的 — ~l
adv
dis·place /dis`ples; dis'pleis/ v [T] 1 to force out of the usual
place 移动，挪开；迫使·离开原来的位置 [地点]：He displaced
a bone in his knee while playing football. 他在踢足球时膝关
节脱臼了。| The indigenous population was soon displaced
by the settlers. 没过多久外来移民就把当地人赶出了家园。2 to
take the place of (as if) by pushing out; SUPPLANT 取代··的位
置；替代，顶替
displaced per·son / ·/ n a person who has been forced to
leave his or her country because of war or PERSECUTION; a
REFUGEE 避难者，难民
dis. place·ment /dis`plesment; dis'pleisment/ n 1 [U] the act
of displacing or process of being displaced 移位；撤换；取代，
顶替 2 [S] tech the weight of water pushed aside by a ship or
floating object【术语】〔船、漂浮物的〕排水量
displacement ac·tiv·i·ty /···/n [C; U] an activity which
replaces someone's usual or expected behaviour, e. g. when the
expected behaviour is prevented. The person may not realize
the connection between the two. 替换活动：Obsessively clean
ing the house was probably a displacement activity for tell
ing her husband what she really felt. 不停地打扫房间可能是
她因为不想告诉丈夫自己的真实感受而出现的一种转移情感的替
代行为
di·splay1 /di`sple; di'splei/ v [T] 1 to arrange or spread out for
public view 陈列；展出；展示：to display fruit in a shop win
dow 在商店橱窗中陈列水果 2 rather fml to show (especially a
feeling or quality)【较正式】显露，流露〔感情)；显示，表现〔能力〕：
She displayed great self-control when they told her the news. 
当他们把消息告诉她时，她表现出极大的自制力
display2n [C; U] an act of displaying something, or something
that is displayed 陈列，展览；表现，炫耀；陈列品，展览品：a fire·
works display 烟火 [烟花]汇演 | The goods were on display
in the shop window. 商品陈列在橱窗里。| a fine display of
fruit 水果的精致陈列| an impressive display of skill 给人深
刻印象的技艺表演| a sudden display of temper 脾气的突然发
作
dis·please /dis`pliz; dis'pli:z/ v [T] fml to cause displeasure to
annoy【正式】使不愉快；使生气，惹怒：The old lady was most
displeased with/by/at the children's noisy behaviour. 老太太
对孩子们的吵吵闹闹非常不高兴
dis. plea. sure /dis`ple3; dis'ple3e/n [U] fml angry dislike, 
annoyance, or disapproval【正式】生气：不悦：不快：不满：/ in. 
curred her displeasure by refusing the invitation. 我因拒绝
邀请而惹怒了她。
dis. port /di`sport; di'spo:t/v [I; T] fml to amuse (oneself) actively
【正式】自娱，娱乐，嬉戏，玩耍
dis·po·sa·ble /di`spozebl; di'speuzebal/ adj intended to be used
once or for a short time and then thrown away 一次使用后即丢
掉的：disposable paper cups 一次性（使用后即丢弃的）纸杯| a
disposable cigarette lighter 燃料用尽后即丢掉的打火机
disposable in. come /··'·/ n [U] the amount of money lef
from someone's income when they have paid their tax, their
bills, and paid for necessary things like food and housing可支
配收入
dis. pos. al /di`spozl; di'speuzal/ n [U] 1 the act of getting rid of
something; removal 去掉；清除，处理：waste disposal 废物处理
a team of bomb disposal experts 一队清除炸弹的专家 2 fml
the way that people or things are arranged【正式】排列；布置
部署：the disposal of troops along the frontier 边境上的兵力
部署 3 at someone's disposal able to be used freely by some-
one 可供某人随意使用，供某人支配：During their visit I put my
car at their disposal. 在他们来访期间，我把汽车交给他们随意
使用。 We will use all the means at our disposal to solve
this dispute. 我们将运用我们能支配的一切手段来解决这一争端
4 AmE for【美】= GARBAGE DISPOSAL
dis·pose /di`spoz; di'speuz/ v [T+obj+adv/prep] fml to put in
place; arrange【正式】布置，排列，整理，安排：to dispose one's
books on the shelves 把书排列在书架上
dispose of sthg. phr v [T] to get rid of or destroy 清除，去掉，
处理，销毁：The murderer was unable to dispose of the body
凶手未能毁尸灭迹。| I can dispose of your argument quite
easily. 我能轻而易举地驳倒你的论点
dispose sbdy. to/towards sthg. phr v [T] fml to give a feel-
ing of the stated type towards【正式】使倾向于，使有意于：The
defendant's youth disposed the judge to leniency. 考虑到被告
还年轻，法官倾向于宽大处理
dis·posed /di`spozd; di'speuzd/ adj fml【正式】1 [F+to-v] will-
ing 乐意··的，愿意·的：After the way she treated me, I didn't
feel disposed to help her. 既然她这样对待我，我就不想帮助她
了。 — see also 另见 INDISPOSED, WELL-DISPOSED 2 [F+to]
having a tendency 有·倾向的：She is disposed to sudden bouts
of depression. 她的抑郁症动不动就会突然发作。3 [F+to] hay-
ing a feeling of the stated type towards 倾向于··的：He was
favourably/unfavourably disposed to the proposal. 他对这项
建议有[没有]好感
dis. po. si. tion /，dispe`zifen; , dispe'zifan/ n 1 [C] a particular
tendency of character, behaviour etc; nature; TEMPERAMENT
气质；天性；性格；性情：He has a cheerful disposition. 他性情
开朗。2[C; U]fml(an)arrangement【正式】安排；布置；配置；
部署； the disposition of the troops on the battlefield战场上军
队的部署 3 [C; U] law an act of formally giving property to
someone【律】〔财产的〕赠与；让与
dis. pos. sess /，dispe`zes; , dispe'zes/ v[T (of)] fml to take prop
erty away from【正式】夺去，剥夺〔财产) ：The rebel leaders
were dispossessed of all their property. 反叛头目被剥夺掉全
部财产。] fighting for the rights of the dispossessed (=people
who have lost all their property or possessions)为被剥夺者的
权利而斗争 — ~ion /-`zεfen; -'zefan/ n [U]
Dis-prin /disprin; 'disprn/ trademark a type of ASPIRIN, which
is sold in the form of TABLETS that you DISSOLVE in water and
then drink【商标】迪司匹林〔一种溶解在水里服用的阿司匹林〕
dis-proof /dis`pruf; dis'pru:f/ n [U (of)] fml the act of disprov-
ing or something (such as a fact) that disproves【正式】反证；反
驳；反证物；反驳的证据
dis·pro·por·tion /dispre`porfen; dispre'po:fan/ n [S; U(be
tween)] a lack of PROPORTION; lack of proper relation between
the parts 不相称，不均衡；不成比例，失调：a disproportion be-
tween their wealth and our poverty 他们的富有和我们的贫困
之间的悬殊状况
dis. pro. por. tion. ate /，dispre`porfenit; , dispre'po:fant/ adj
[(to)] not in proper PROPORTION; too much or too little in rela-
tion to something else 不相称的，不成比例的，不匀称的：We
spend a disproportionate amount of our income on rent. 我们
的收入花在房租上的比例（与其他支出相比）太大了。| The re-
action of the police was disproportionate to the threat that
the rioters presented. 警察对暴徒的反击比起暴徒做出的威胁是
太不相称了。 — ~ly adv
dis. prove /dis`pruv; dis'pru:v/ v [T] to prove (something) to be
false 证明〔某事〕不成立；给与··反证；反驳
di·spu. ta. ble /dispjutebl; di'spju:tebal/ adj not necessarily true:
able to be questioned; DEBATABLE 不一定对的；可质疑的；有争
论余地的 — opposite 反义词 indisputable - -bly adv
dis·pu·ta·tion /. dispju`tefen; dispj'teifan/ n old use a speech
or argument, especially a formal one made according to cer
0492
tain rules of reasoning【旧】〔尤指根据某种推理所作的正式的〕
辩论，争论，讨论
dis·pu·ta. tious /dispju`tefes; dispj'teifes/ adj fml tending to
argue; ARGUMENTATIVE【正式】好辩的，爱争论的；争论性的-
~ly adv
di·spute1 /di`spjut; di'spju:t/ν1 [I; T (about, over, with )] to
argue (about something), especially angrily and for a long
period〔尤指生气地长时间地〕争论，辩论；争执，争吵：The two
governments disputed (over) the ownership of the territory
两国政府就这一地区的主权发生争执。| The question was hotly
disputed in the Senate. 这个问题在参议院引起了激烈的辩论
2 [T] to disagree about or question the truth or correctness of
反对；辩驳；对··表示怀疑； I dispute the minister's figures -
the true cost of the project is much higher. 我对部长提供的数
字表示怀疑，因为工程的实际费用要比这高得多。|“There are
hundreds of cases. ” “I would dispute that. ” “可以举出几百个
例子。” “我对此表示怀疑。”3 [T] to struggle in order to gain or
keep, especially in war 〔尤指在战争中〕争夺：The defending
army disputed every inch of ground. 守军极力抵抗，寸土必争
dispute2 /di`spjut; di'spju:t/ n [C; U (about, with, over)] (an
argument or quarrel, especially an official one between one
group or organization and another 辩论；争端，争执；纠纷：a
pay dispute 工资纠纷 | a prolonged legal dispute over the
ownership of the land 关于土地所有权的旷日持久的法律纠纷
| The miners were in dispute with their employers over pay
矿工与雇主在工资问题上发生了纠纷。| She is beyond all dis-
pute/without dispute (=undoubtedly) the best chemist in the
firm. 她毋庸置疑是本公司最好的药剂师。| This question is still
in/under dispute. (=being argued about)这个问题尚在争论之中
They claim to provide the best service in the business, but I
think that's open to dispute. (=can be questioned)他们声称所
提供的服务是同行业中最好的，但我认为那是有疑问的，
disputed ter·ri·to. ry /·· '··/n [C: U] (an area of) land claimed
by two or more states 有争议的领土：the disputed territory of
Nagorno Karabakh 有领土争议的纳戈尔诺一卡拉巴赫地区
dis. qual. i. fi. ca. tion /，diskwalefe kefen; dis, kwplf'keifan/n
1 [U] the act of disqualifving or process of being disqualified
取消资格，无资格，不合格：Any attempt at cheating will result
in immediate disqualification. 任何作弊企图都会导致立即取消
资格。2[C(for)]something that disqualifies 使不合格的事物；
取消资格的原因
dis. qual·i. fy /dis`kwale fai; dis'kwolfai/ v[T (for, from)] to
make or declare unfit, unsuitable, or unable to do something
使无资格；使不合格；使不能；取消··的资格：His youth/His crimi
nal record disqualified him for the job/from getting the job
他太年轻[他有犯罪记录]，因而不能得到这份工作。| Three of
the athletes were disqualified for taking drugs. 运动员中有
人因使用药物而被取消比赛资格。| to be disqualified fron
driving/from holding public office被取消驾驶[担任公职]
的资格
dis. qui. et1/dis`kwaiet; dis'kwaiet/ v [T] fml to make anxious
【正式】使不安；使忧虑，使烦恼：a disquieting remark 令人忧虑
的话
disquiet2n [U] anxiety and dissatisfaction 忧虑；不安；内心不
平静，烦恼
dis. qui·si·tion /，diskwe`zifen; , diskw'zifen/ n [(on, about)
fml a long (perhaps too long) speech or written report【正式】
〔长篇大论的〕演讲；论文
Dis. rae. li /diz`reli; diz'reili/. Ben·ja·min /`bend3emin; 'ben-
d3emen/(1804-1881) a British politician in the CONSERVATIVE
Party who was Prime Minister of the UK in 1868 and from
1874 to 1880. He also wrote several novels, including Sybil
迪斯累里〔(1804-1881)，英国保守党政治家，1868年及1874年
至1880年间任英国首相。他还创作了几部小说，包括《西比尔》)
dis. re. gard1/disri`gard; disri'ga:d/ v [T] to pay no attention
to; treat as unimportant or unworthy of notice 不顾，不理会；无
视，漠视：She completely disregarded all our objections. 她完
全不理会我们的各种反对意见
disregard2n [U (for, of)] lack of proper attention to or respect
for someone or something; NEGLECT 漠视，忽视，蔑视：The
government has shown a total disregard for the needs of the
poor. 政府对穷人的需求表现出完全漠视的态度。|reckless is-
regard of passenger safety对乘客安全的轻率忽视
dis·re·pair /，disri`per; , disri'pee/ n [U] the state of needing re
pair; bad condition 失修，破损：The old houses had fallen into
disrepair. 这些旧房子年久失修，破败不堪
dis. rep. u. ta. ble /dis`repjetebl; dis'repjtebal/ adj having a bad
character; having or deserving a bad REPUTATION 名声不好的；
不名誉的，不光彩的：disreputable people/behaviour 声名狼藉
的人；不体面的行为|a disreputable gambling club 声名狼藉
的赌馆 — opposite 反义词 reputable - -bly ady — ~ness n [U]
dis·re·pute /，disri`pjut; , disri'pju:t/n [U] loss or lack of people's
good opinion; bad REPUTE 丧失名誉；坏名声：The hotel fell into
disrepute after the shooting incident. 枪击事件发生后，这家
旅馆便声誉扫地。| This pointless prosecution has brought
the law into disrepute. 这件无意义的起诉已为司法界招来恶名。
dis·re·spect /，disri`spkt; , disri'spekt/ n [U] lack of respect o
politeness 不尊敬；无礼，失礼 — ~ful adj — ~fully adv
dis. robe /dis`rob; dis'reub/ v [I] fml to take off (especially cer-
emonial outer) clothing【正式】脱去衣服〔尤指脱去礼服)：After
the trial, the judge disrobed and left the court. 审判结束后，
法官脱下长袍离开法庭。
dis. rupt /dis`rvpt; dis'rvpt/ v [T] to bring or throw into disorder
使混乱，扰乱：An accident has disrupted railway services into
and out of the city. 一场事故使得进出城市的铁路交通陷入混
乱。| A crowd of protesters disrupted the meeting. 一群抗议
者扰乱了会议。- — ~ion /-`rvp[en; -'rap[an/ n [C; U]: The strike
has caused widespread disruption of transport services. 罢
工使交通服务普遍陷入混乱。 — ~ive /-`raptiv; -'raptiy/ adj; He
has a disruptive influence on the other children, 他对别的孩
子有一种扰乱性的影响。 — ~ively adv
diss /dis; dis/ v [T] slang to make unfair and unkind remarks
about someone【俚】诋毁，诽谤
dis. sat·is. fac. tion /，dissaetis`faekfen; di, saets'faekfan/n [U(at
with)l lack of satisfaction; displeasure 不满意；不快，不悦； her
dissatisfaction at his late arrival她对他迟到的不满
dis. sat. is. fied /dis`saetis faid; di'saetsfaid/ adj [(with)] feeling
or showing dissatisfaction; not satisfied 感到不满的，不满意的，
不高兴的：dissatisfied customers 不满的顾客 | He seemed dis-
satisfied with my explanation. 他似乎对我的解释不满意。
dis. sat·is. fy /dis`saetis fai; di'saetsfai/ v [T] to fail to satisfy:
displease 使不满意；使不快
dis. sect /di`sekt; di'sekt/ v [T] 1 to cut up (especially the body
of a plant or animal) so as to study the shape and relationship
of the parts, as medical students do 解剖，剖开，切开〔尤指动
物、植物)：to dissect a frog 解剖青蛙 2 to study very carefully
especially so as to find the faults 仔细研究，分析，剖析〔以找出
毛病)：The lawyers dissected his claim to the title. 律师仔细
研究了他要求取得该头衔的权利。
dis·sec·tion /di`sekfen; di'sekfan/ n 1 [C; U] (an example of)
the act of dissecting or process of being dissected 解剖，分割，
切开；分析 2 [C] a part of an animal or plant that has been
dissected 解剖体，解剖标本
dis. sem·ble /di`smbl; di'sembal/ v [I; T] fml to hide (one's
true feelings, intentions etc)【正式】掩盖〔真实感情、意图等)：掩
饰 — ~er n
dis. sem·i·nate /di`seme net; di'semneit/ v [T] fml to spread
(news, ideas etc) widely【正式】散布，传播〔消息、思想等〕 - -na
tion /di seme`nefen; di. sem'neifan/n [U]: the dissemination
of information 消息的传播
dis·sen·sion /di`senfen; di'senfan/n [C; U (among, between)]
(a)disagreement, especially leading to argument〔尤指导致争
吵的)意见分歧：不一致：His words caused a great deal of dis-
sension among his followers. 他的话在他的追随者中引起许多
争论。
dis·sent' /di`sent; di'sent/ n 1 [U] refusal to agree, especially
with an opinion that is held by most people; difference of opin-
ion〔尤指对大多数人所持意见的〕不同意，异议：The proposal
was approved with little dissent. 这项建议几乎没有遭到什么
异议就被通过了。| I must express my strong dissent. 我必须
表示强烈的反对。 — opposite 反义词 assent — see also 另见
CONSENT 2 [C] especially AmE a judge's opinion, especially
that of a SUPREME COURT judge, which does not agree with
that of most of the other judges of a law case【尤美】〔一法官对
多数法官所作判决提出的〕异议，反对意见3[U] now rare reli
gious separation from the Church of England【现罕】反对英国
国教，不信奉国教
dissent2v [I (from)] to express disagreement, especially with
an opinion that is held by most people〔尤指对多数人所持的意
见〕表示不同意，持异议：Only one member of the committee
dissented from the final report. 只有一名委员会成员对那结论
性的报告持有异议。| The motion was passed with only one of
two dissenting voices. 那项动议在只有一两个人有不同意见的
情况下获得了通过。
dis·sent·er /di`sente; di'sente/ n 1 a person who dissents 持不
同意见者，持异议者，反对者2(often cap. 常用大写) a membe
of a church that has become separate from the Church of Eng-
land (from Protestant dissenters in the 16th century who re-
fused to accept the DOCTRINE of the established church); NON-
CONFORMIST从英国国教分离出来的教徒；不信奉国教者〔源自16
0493
世纪拒绝接受已有宗教教义的新教徒
dis. ser·ta·tion /dise`tefen; , dise'teifan /n [(on)] a long usu
ally written treatment of a subject, especially one written for a
higher university degree〔尤指为取得大学高等学位而写的〕专题
论文，学位论文 — compare 比较 THESIS
dis. ser. vice /dis`s3·vis; di's3:vs/ n [S; U(to)] harm or a harm. 
ful action 损害，危害；伤害：You have done a serious disser
vice to your country by selling military secrets to our enemies
你把军事秘密出卖给敌人，对国家造成严重的危害
dis-si·dent /`disedent; 'disdant/ n a person who openly and
often strongly disagrees with an opinion, a group, or a govern
ment. Typically, dissidents are people who oppose cruel and
unjust political systems and who are persecuted （ PERSECUTE)
for their opinions. 持异议者，公开大唱反调者：持不同政见者〔持
不同政见者一向反对残酷和不公正的政治制度，并因其政见而遭
迫害)；political dissidents 持不同政见者 - dissident adi
-dence n [U]
dis. sim. i. lar /dr`simele; di'simle/ adj [(to)] (often in nega. 
tives 常用于否定句) unlike; not similar 不同的；不相似的：The
two writers are not dissimilar in style. 那两位作家的文风并没
有什么不同。- — ~ly ady — ~ity /di sime`laereti; di, sim!'laerti/
n[C; U
dis. sim·u. late /dr`simje let; di'simjleit/ v [I; T] fml to hide
(one's true feelings); DISSEMBLE【正式】掩饰〔真实情感]：假装
--lation /di simje`lefen; disimj'leifan/n [C; U]
dis. sipate /'dise, pet; 'dispeit/ v1 [I; T] to (cause to) disap-
pear or scatter （使）消散；（使）消失；驱散：The crowd soon dis
sipated when the police arrived. 警察一到，人群很快就散开了，
2 [T] to spend, waste, or use up foolishly; SQUANDER 挥霍；浪
费：He dissipated his large fortune in a few years of heavy
spending. 他在几年的大肆挥霍中把自己一大笔财产都花光了。
dis. si·pat·ed /`dise petid; 'dispeitd/ adj (typical of a person)
who wastes his/her life in search of foolish or dangerous plea-
sure 〔人)放荡的；挥霍无度的：dissipated habits/young men 浪
荡的习惯| 年轻人]
dis. si-pa·tion /dise`pefen; dis'peifan/n [U] 1 the act of caus-
ing something to be scattered or wasted 驱散；消散；浪费； the
dissipation of our valuable oil reserves 对我们宝贵的石油储
备的浪费 2 the continual search for foolish or dangerous plea
sure 放荡；花天酒地：a life of dissipation 声色犬马的生活
dis·so·ci·ate /dr`sofret; di'seufieit/ also又作 disassociate -
v [T(from)] to regard as, or cause to be, separate or uncon
nected 把·看作是分离的：把··〔与·〕分开；使分离：使·〔与··
断绝关系：Can the private and public lives of a politician ever
be dissociated?一名从政者的公众活动与私人生活能分得开吗？
You can't dissociate yourself from the actions of your col-
leagues in the union. 你不能认为自己与工会同事的所作所为无
关。--ation /dr sosr'e[on; dI seu li'er[an/nU
dis·so·lute /`dise lut: 'diselu:t/ adj (typical of a person) who
leads a bad or immoral life〔人〕过邪恶[不道德]生活的，放荡
的，堕落的 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
dis. so·lu·tion /dise`lufen; dise'lu: fan/ n 1 [U] the ending or
breaking up of an association, group, marriage etc 〔社团等的]
解散；〔婚约等的〕解除；废除；结束；分解；溶解：the dissolution
of Parliament before a general election 大选前国会的解散 2 [U]
decay, especially death 衰败；死亡；消亡：the dissolution of the
Roman Empire 罗马帝国的衰亡 3[C]AmE law a DIVORCE【美. 
律】离婚
Dissolution of the Mon-as-teries, the /. . . . / the clos
ing of all the monasteries (MONASTERY) in England in the
1530s, during the Reformation (=the period when the Protes-
tant church was established, and the English churches left the
Roman Catholic Church). King Henry VIII ordered the mon
asteries to be closed and sold their property in order to increase
his own wealth and power. 解散修道院〔指16世纪30年代宗教
改革时期，英国所有的修道院被关闭这件事。当时国王亨利八世为
了增加自己的财富和实力，下令关闭修道院并出售其财产
dis·solve /di`zalv; di'zplv/ v 1 [I; T] to make or become liquic
by putting into liquid （使） 溶解：Sugar dissolves in water. 糖
在水中溶解。| Dissolve the tablets in warm water. 把药片溶
化于温水中。2 [I; T] a to cause (an association, group etc)to
end or break up 使〔社团等)解散：The military government
dissolved the country's parliament and suspended all politi-
cal activity. 军政府解散了该国的议会, 并中止一切政治活动。b(of
an association, group etc) to end or break up〔社团等〕自行解
散，终结3[I+in/into] to lose one's self-control under the in
fluence of strong feeling 〔因受感动而)不能自制：情不自禁； to
dissolve in tears/laughter 禁不住泪流满面[哈哈大笑] 4 [I] to
disappear; FADE away 消失；消散：Opposition to the ided
gradually dissolvec. 反对那项主张的意见逐渐淡化了。| The
vision dissolved before her eyes. 那幻象在她眼前消散了。-
see also 另见 DISSOLUTION
dis·so·nance /`disenens; 'disenens/ n 1 [C; U] (a) combinatior
of musical notes which do not sound pleasant when heard to-
gether; DISCORD (2) 〔音乐的〕不协和音 2 [S; U] a lack of agree-
ment in beliefs, or between beliefs and actions〔信仰之间或信
仰与行为之间的)不协调，不一致 - -nant adj: dissonant opin-
ions 不一致的意见
dis·suade /dr`swed; di'sweid/ v [T (from)] to advise (someone
against doing something; persuade not to劝〔某人)勿做某事
劝阻：I tried to dissuade her (from getting married), 我曾设法
劝阻她（结婚） 。 — see also 另见 PERSUADE - -suasion /di-
`swe3en; di'swei3an/ n [U]
dis·taff /`distaef: 'disto:f/ n 1 the stick from which the thread is
pulled in hand spinning(手工纺纱用的)绕线杆，纺纱杆 2 on the
distaff side on the woman's side of the family 母系，母方
dis·tance'/`distens; 'distens/ n 1 [C; U(to, from, between)
(the amount of) separation in space or time; the amount of space
or time between two points or events〔空间或时间上的)距离
间隔：What is the distance between London and Glasgowl
from London to Glasgow?伦敦距离格拉斯哥有多远？|The
school is some distance (=quite far) away. 学校在相当远的地
方。| My office is within (easy) walking distance of the station
我的办公室离车站很近，走几步路就到了。| The dog looked dan
gerous, so I decided to keep my distance. (=stay far enough
away from it) 那只狗看上去很凶，所以我决定躲远点儿。| I can
hardly remember him at this distance of in time, 时间隔得这
么久，我已几乎记不得他了。| These planes can cover long dis-
tances in a very short time. 这些飞机能在很短时间内飞很长的
距离。| My office is within spitting distance of (=very near)
Westminster. 我的办公室离威斯敏斯特很近。 — see also 另见
LONG DISTANCE, MIDDLE DISTANCE 2 [(the) S] a distant point
or place 远处，远方：You can see the ancient ruins in the dis-
tance. 你在远处可以看到古代的废墟。| It looks quite nice from
a distance, but when you get close you can see that it's pretty
awful. 这东西从远处看还挺不错，但是一靠近就能看出它相当糟
糕。| The pyramids are visible at a distance of several
kilometres. 一座座的金字塔在数公里远的地方就可以看到。3[C
U] social separation or coldness in personal relations〔人际关
系的)疏远，冷淡，隔阂：There has been a great distance be-
tween us since our quarrel. 我们争吵后彼此一直都很疏远。
My father always kept me at a distance. (=refused to become
too friendly with me)我父亲总是和我保持一段距离
distance2y [T (from)] to separate (especially oneself), espe
cially in the mind or feelings〔尤指在心理或感情上〕使〔尤指自
己〕与·疏远，把·放在一定距离之外：to distance oneself from
the actions of one's government 置身于政府的所作所为之外
distance learn·ing /'·，·/ n [U] BrE the study of a subject by
students who do not attend classes but use, e. g, television, com-
puters, and local teachers【英】远程教学 — see also 另见 OPEN
COLLEGE, OPEN UNIVERSITY
*dis·tant /distent; 'distent/ adi 1 [(from)] separate in space or
time; far off〔空间或时间〕远离的，远隔的，遥远的；久远的：dis-
tant lands 遥远的国度 | the distant sound of a bell 远处的钟
声 | in the dim and distant past 在那依稀的远古时代| We
hope to go there in the not-too-distant future. (=fairly soor
but not very soon) 我们希望在不远的将来去那里。| [after n 用
于名词后]30 miles distant (from the village) （距村庄） 30英里
之遥2 not very closely related 关系不密切的；远房的：a distant
connection between two ideas 两种概念之间并不密切的某种
联系| The two boys are distant relations, 那两个男孩是远亲。
3 showing lack of friendliness; RESERVED_疏远的，冷淡的：a
distant manner 冷淡的态度
dis·tant·ly /distentli; 'distentli/ adv 1 not closely 遥远地，远隔
地：不密切地：Those two peoplelideas are distantly related. 
那两个人是远亲：那两种概念稍有联系。2 in a manner that shows
inattention, social separation, or lack of friendliness 漠然地
疏远地；冷淡地：She looked at me distantly. 她冷漠地看看我。
dis taste /dis`test; dis'teist/ n [S; U (for)] a not very strong feel-
ing of dislike, especially of something unpleasant, unattractive, 
or offensive〔尤指对不好事物不太强烈的〕厌恶，不喜欢：She
looked at his shabby clothes with distaste. 她有些厌恶地看着
他那一身寒酸的衣服。| a distaste for town life 对都市生活的
反感
dis. taste. ful /dis`testfel; dis'teistfal/ adj [(to)] unpleasant; 
disagreeable; causing distaste 讨厌的，不合意的，令人反感的；不
合口味的：a rather distasteful duty 相当令人生厌的任务 | a
distasteful joke令人倒胃口的笑话 -— see 参见 TASTELESS (US-
AGE) — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U
dis-tem·per1/dis`tempe; di'stempe'/n [U] especially BrE pain
0494
used in the past for walls and other surfaces and which can be
made thinner by mixing with water【尤英】水浆涂料；色粉颜料，
胶画颜料 - distemper v[T]: to distemper the walls 用水浆涂
料刷墙壁
distemper2n [U] an infectious disease of animals, especially
dogs, causing fever, disordered breathing, and general weak
ness 动物瘟热，犬瘟热病
dis. tem·pered /dis`tempa-d; di'stemped / adj lit or old use mad
【文或旧】疯狂的：a distempered mind 精神错乱
dis. tend /di`stend; di'stend/ v [I; T] fml to (cause to) swell be. 
cause of pressure from inside【正式】（使）膨胀，（使）肿胀：His
stomach was distended because of lack of food. 他的肚子因为
缺少食物而膨胀。- -tension /di`stenfen; di'stenfan/ n[U]
dis·til, usually 一般作 -till AmE【美】/di`stil; di'stil/ν-ll-[T] 1 a
to make (a liquid) into gas and then make the gas into liquid蒸
馏〔液体)：Water can be made pure by distilling it. 水经蒸馏
可变得纯净。| distilled water 蒸馏水 b to make (alcoholic
drinks) by this method 用蒸馏法制造〔酒)：Brandy is distilled
from wine. 白兰地是由果酒蒸馏制成的。2 to take and separate
the most important parts of (a book, a subject etc)从〔书、题材
等中)提取精华：The televised interview was distilled from 16
hours of film. 那次电视采访是从16小时的摄影胶片中选出的精
华。— ~lation /distl`efen; , dist'leifan/ n [C; U]
dis. til. ler /di`stile; di'stile/ n a person or company that distils
especially one that produces strong alcoholic drink 蒸馏者；制
酒商；酿酒厂
dis. til. le. ry /di`stileri; di'stileri/ n a factory or business firm
where alcoholic drinks are produced by distilling 酿酒厂：a
whisky distillery 酿制威士忌的酒厂
dis. tinct /di`stinkt; di'stinkt/ adj 1 [(from)] clearly different o
separate 截然不同的；完全分开的：Those two ideas are quite
distinct (from each other). 那两种想法完全不同。| | The e party
split into two distinct groups. 该党分裂成两个截然不同的团
体。| The rule only applies to nationals of the country, as
distinct from foreign visitors. 这项规定只适用于本国国民，以
便与来访的外国人有所区别。2 clearly seen, heard, understood
etc; noticeable 清晰的，清楚的；明白的；明显的：a distinct smell
of burning 一股明显的焚烧气味 | There's a distinct possibil
ity that she'll be appointed as a director. 她被任命为董事的可
能性非常明显。 — ~ly ady: I distinctly (=clearly) remember
telling you to come. 我清楚地记得曾叫你来。 - — ~ness n [U]
□USAGE 用法说明 Anything clearly noticed is distinct
说明任何清晰可辨的东西都可用 distinct: There's a distinct
smell of beer in this room. （这房间里有一股明显的啤酒味。）
A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of
its kind is distinctive, or distinct from. 指一种事物或特性
显然有别于其同类时可用 distinctive 或 distinct from: Beer
has a very distinctive smell. It's quite distinct from the
smell of wine. (啤酒有一种很特殊的气味，它与葡萄酒的气味
十分不同。)
dis. tinc. tion /di`stinkfen; di'stinkfan/n 1 [C; U(between)]
the fact of being distinct; clear difference 区别，明显差别；特
性：I can't see any distinction between these two cases, 我看
不出这两个案例有什么不同。| It's important to draw a dis-
tinction between the policies of the leaders and the views of
their supporters. 把领导人的政策与他们支持者的想法区分开来
是重要的。| a rather fine distinction (=one that is difficult to
notice)非常细微的差别 2 [S; U] the quality of being unusually
good; excellence 卓越，优秀，盛名：a writer of real distinction
一位真正才智超群的作家 3 [C] a special mark of honour, fame. 
or excellence 荣誉，殊勋；勋章；荣誉称号；奖赏：These are the
highest distinctions that have ever been given by our govern-
ment. 这些是我国政府迄今授予的最高荣誉称号。| She got a
distinction in her chemistry exam. 她的化学考试成绩为优秀
| This country enjoys the dubious distinction of having the
highest rate of inflation in the world. 这个国家名声不佳，其通
货膨胀率为世界之最
dis. tinc. tive /di`stinktiv; di'stinktiv/ adjclearly marking a per-
son or thing as different from others 有特色的；与众不同的：She
has a very distinctive way of walking, 她走路的样子与别人很
不相同。| a distinctive flavour 特殊的味道 — see 参见 DIS-
TINCT (USAGE) — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
dis. tin-guish /di`stingwif; di'stingwif/v1 [T not in progres
sive forms 不用进行式] to see, hear, or notice as being sepa. 
rate or distinct; recognize clearly 辨认出；认明；看[听]清楚：
I can distinguish them by their uniforms. 我能从他们的制服认
出他们。| Can you distinguish the different buildings at
such a distance?你能在这么远的地方看清那些不同的建筑物吗？
2 [I(between); T (from) not in progressive forms 不用进行
式] to recognize differences(between)辨别，分清，把··〔与·. ·
加以区别：It's important to distinguish between compound in-
terest and simple interest. 分清复利与单利很重要。| Small chil-
dren can't distinguish right from wrons. 小孩子不能明辨是
非。3 [T not in progressive forms 不用进行式] fml to make
different【正式】使具有特色；使有别于··；成为··的特征：El-
ephants are distinguished by their long trunks. 大象因其长鼻
子而有别于其他动物。4 distinguish oneself to behave or per-
form noticeably well 表现突出：She distinguished herself in
the debate. 她在辩论中口才出众。
dis. tin. quish. a. ble /di`stingwifebl; di'stingwifebal/ adjthat can
be clearly or easily distinguished区别得出的；辨认得出的；可
辨别的：A black object is not easily distinguishable on a dark
night. 在黑夜里，黑色物体不易辨别。| Those two objects/ideas
are not easily distinguishable (from each other). 这两个物体
[主意]不易区分。 — opposite 反义词 indistinguishable
dis. tin. guished /di`stingwift; di'stingwift/ adj [(for)] having
excellent quality or great fame and respect 卓越的：著名的：受
人尊敬的；以··著名的：a distinguished performance/politician
出色的表演；卓越的政治家|distinguished for his scientific
achievements 以其科学成就而闻名a distinguished-looking
old man一位仪表出众的老人 -- opDosite反义词 undist-
guished -see 参见 FAMOUS (USAGE)
dis. tort /dis`tort; di'sto:t/v [T] 1 to give a false or dishonest
account of; twist out of the true meaning 歪曲；曲解：Stop dis
torting what I've said. 别再歪曲我的话了。| The newspapers
gave a distorted account of what had happened. 报纸对所发
生的事情作了歪曲的报道。2 to twist out of a natural, usual, or
original shape or condition 扭歪；使变形；使反常：a face dis-
torted by/with anger气得变了样的面容 | a radio that distorts
sound 声音失真的收音机 — ~ion /dis`torfen; di'sto:fen/ n [C; 
U1
dis. tract /di`straekt; di'straekt/ v [T (from)] to take (a person's
attention) off something, especially for a short time〔尤指短暂
地〕使〔人)分心；分散〔注意力)：She was distracted (from her
work) by the noise outside. 外面的嘈杂声分散了她（在工作中）
的注意力。| a distracting influence令人精神涣散的影响| The
celebrations distracted public attention from the government's
problems. 庆祝活动分散了公众对政府存在的问题的注意
dis. tract·ed /di`straektid; di'straekted/ adj [(with)] very anxious
and unable to think clearly because one is troubled about many
things 心烦意乱的，慌张失措的，错乱的：a distracted look 烦躁
不安的神色| distracted with worry about her daughter 由于
担心她女儿而心烦意乱 — ~ly adv
dis. trac. tion /di`straekfen; di'straekfan/ n 1 [C] something or
someone that distracts, especially an amusement 使人分心的
事[人]；〔尤指〕娱乐，消遣：There are too many distractions here
to work properly. 这里叫人分心的事太多，使人无法好好工作。
2 [U] an anxious confused state of mind 心烦意乱；精神错乱：
The child's continual crying drove me to distraction. 那孩子
不断的哭声弄得我几乎要发狂。| She loves him to distraction. 
她爱他爱得神魂颠倒。3 [U] distracting or being distracted 分
心；分散注意力：Let's invite her to the disco - she needs dis
traction. 我们请她去迪斯科舞会吧，她需要散散心。
dis train /di`stren; di'strein/ v [I (upon)] law to take goods from
someone in order to force payment of a debt【律】扣押财物〔以
抵偿欠款〕
dis. trait /di`stre; di'strei/ adj Fr not paying close attention to
one's surroundings, especially because of worry; distracted【法】
〔因忧虑等而〕心不在焉的，心神恍惚的
dis. traught /di`strot; di'stro:t/ adj [(with)] very anxious anc
troubled almost to the point of madness 忧心如焚的；心神错乱
的；几乎发狂的：distraught with grief/worry 悲伤[忧虑]得几
乎发狂
dis. tress1/di`stres; di'stres/ n [U] 1 great suffering of the mind
or body; pain or great discomfort 悲痛；痛苦；忧伤；苦恼：The
sck man showed signs of distress. 病人显出非常痛苦的样子。|
Your thoughtless behaviour has caused us all a great deal of
distress, 你的轻率行为给我们大家带来了极大的痛苦。2 suffer
ing caused by lack of money 贫困；窘迫：a company in finan-
cial distress 财务拮据的公司 3 a state of danger or great diffi-
culty 危险；困难，危难：Send out a distress signal. The ship is
sinking. 发出求救信号吧，船正在下沉。| a damsel in distress
落难的少女
distress2 ν [T often pass. 常用被动语态] to cause distress to 使
痛苦；使悲痛；使忧伤；使苦恼：We were distressed to find that
the children had not returned. 我们发现孩子们没有回来，感到
很苦恼。
dis·tressed /di`strest; di'strest/ adj BrE euph【英，婉】1 poor:
0495
IMPOVERISHED 贫困的：distressed gentlefolk/circumstances/
area 落魄的绅士；困境；贫困地区 2 (of furniture) treated to look
old and well used in an attractive way〔家具)有古风的
dis·tress·ing /di`strasin; di'stresin/ also 又作 dis·tress·ful /di
`stresfel; di'stresfal/ - adi causing distress 使人痛苦的：令人
苦恼的；令人忧伤的：distressing news 令人忧伤的消息 — ~l
adv
dis. trib. ute /di`stribjut; di'stribju:t /v [T]1 [(to, among)] to
divide and give out among several people, places etc 分发，分
配，分送：to distribute the prizes tolamong the winners 颁发奖
品给优胜者|distributing leaflets to the crowd 向人群派发传
单 2 [(over)] to spread out through an area 〔在一区域〕散布，分
布：撒，播：This new machine distributes seed evenly and
quickly (over the whole field). 这部新机器（在整块田上）播种
得又匀又快。| This species of plant is widely distributed. (=is
found in many different areas)这类植物分布很广。3 to supply
(goods) in a particular area, especially to shops〔尤指在某区域
内向商店〕供应〔货物〕
dis·tri·bu. tion /distre`bjufen; distr'bju:fan/n1 [C; U] the
act of dividing and giving out among several people, places
etc 分发，分配，分送：散布：the distribution of prizes 分发奖品
The newspaper is having distribution problems in the north
of the country. 这家报纸在国内北部地区有发行方面的问题。2 [S:
U] the position or arrangement of (members of a group) in
space or time 分布：The distribution of these animals has
changed in the last century. 这些动物的分布范围在上个世纪
起了变化。3 [S; U] the sharing out of profits by a company
among its SHAREHOLDERs （股息的）分配 — ~al adj__
dis·trib·u·tive /di`stribjetiv; di'stribjtiv/ adj[A no comp. 无比
较级]1 distributing; connected with distribution(有关)分发的：
分配的；分布的：the distributive trades of transport and mar-
keting 运输和市场推销等经销业2 tech(of a word) concerning
each single member of a group【术语】〔词〕个体的，分配的：Dis
tributive words in English include ‘each', 'every', 'either'
and ‘neither'. 英语中的个体词包括 each, every, either 和
neither。 — ~ly adv
dis. trib. u. tor /di`stribjete; di'stribj8te/n 1 a person or organi-
zation that distributes goods 销售者；分销商；批发商； The com·
pany is the local distributor for Volkswagen spare parts. 该
公司是本地经销大众汽车零件的商户。2 an instrument which
sends electric current in the right order to each SPARK PLUG in
a car engine 汽车配电器，配电盘
dis·trict /`distrikt; 'distrikt/ n 1 a fixed division of a country, a
city etc, made for various official purposes区，管区，行政区：
postal district 邮政区 2 an area with a special and particular
quality, or of a particular kind 地区，区域：the Lake District in
northern England 英格兰北部的湖泊区 | a poor district in a
city 城市中的贫民区 — see 参见 AREA (USAGE
district at·tor·ney /·. '·/ n (often caps. 常用大写) AmE in the
US, the state official who is responsible for bringing legal
charges against criminals in a particular area【美】〔美国的〕地
方检察官 — compare 比较CROWN PROSECUTION SERVICE
district coun. cil /，· '·/ n in Britain, a government authority
elected by the people living in an area, which deals with local
services, such as housing, RUBBISH COLLECTION, AND PLAN-
NING PERMISSION 区议会〔英国的地方行政机构，由当地居民选
举产生，负责处理地方事务，如住房安排、垃圾收集和建筑许可审
批等)：On May 2nd you will have the chance to elect a new
District Council to serve you for the next four years. 5月2日
你们将有机会选举新一届的区议会，在今后4年中为大家服务。
district court /·'/ n in the US, the court where law cases are
first heard〔美国〕地方法院
district nurse /，· '·/ n in Britain, a nurse, employed by a local
authority, who visits and treats people in their own homes 〔英
国提供上门服务的)地区护士 — compare 比较 HEALTH VISITOR
District of Co·lum·bi·a, the /····/ also 又作 the District
abbrev. 缩写为 D. C. the special area of the eastern US, next to
Maryland and Virginia, which includes Washington, the capi-
tal of the US 哥伦比亚特区〔美国东部一特区，与马里兰州和弗
吉尼亚州交界，包括美国首都华盛顿〕
district vis·it·or /，· '·/n in Britain, a church worker who vis-
its people who are sick, old, or in need of help in an area 教区
巡访员〔英国的教堂工作人员，负责走访教区内的病人、老人或需
要帮助的人士〕
dis. trust' /dis`trvst; dis'trvst/ v [T] to lack trust or confidence
in; have little faith in 不信任，怀疑：He distrusts banks, so he
keeps his money at home. 他认为银行靠不住，所以把钱存在家
里。
distrust2n [S; U (of)] lack of trust 不信任，怀疑：deep distrust
between the former enemies 往昔敌手之间深深的猜忌| I have
a distrust of aeroplanes. 我对飞机信不过。 — ~ful adj — ~fully
adv — ~fulness n [U]
dis·turb /di`st3·b; di'st3:b/v [T] 1 to interrupt (especially a per-
son who is working) or break the sleep of 打扰〔尤指正在工作
的人)：妨碍〔某人的睡眠)； I'm sorry to disturb you, but could
you tell me how this machine works?对不起，打扰你一下，你
能否告诉我这机器是怎样运作的？| Did the cats disturb you in
the night?那些猫夜里有没有把你吵醒? 2 to make (someone)
anxiously dissatisfied; worry 使焦虑；使烦恼：We were rather
disturbed by the way the government tried to cover up the
truth. 我们对政府试图掩盖事实的做法感到不安。| a disturb·
ing new development in the dispute between the two coun-
tries 两国间争端令人不安的新发展 3 to change the usual or
natural condition of 搅乱：扰乱：A light wind disturbed the
surface of the water. 微风使水面泛起涟漪。4 disturb the peace
law to cause public disorder【律】扰乱治安
dis·turb·ance /di`st3bens; di'st3:bens/ n [C; U] 1 an act of dis
turbing or the state of being disturbed 打扰；扰乱：纷乱：骚动：
They were charged by the police with causing a disturbance. 
(=making a lot of noise and possibly fighting)他们被警方指控
为扰乱治安。2 something that disturbs 造成干扰的事物：The
noise of traffic is a continual disturbance. 车辆的噪音是一种
持续性的干扰。
dis. turbed /di`stbd; di'st3:bd/ adj ill or seriously upset in the
mind or the feelings 心理不正常的；精神紊乱的；不安的：emo
tionally disturbed children 情绪失常的儿童
dis·u·nite /，disju`nait; , disju:'nait/v [T] to cause disunity in 使
分离；使不和
dis·u·ni·ty /dis`juniti; dis'ju:nti/n [U] lack of UNITY, especially
with disagreement and quarrelling; DISSENSION 不统一，不团
结，不和
dis. use /dis`jus; dis'ju:s/ n [U] the state of no longer being used
不用，废弃，废止：an old law that has fallen into disuse 已废
止的旧法令
dis·used /dis`juzd; , dis'ju:zd√ adj no longer used 不用的，已废
止[弃]的：a disused mine/railway line 废弃的矿场[铁路线]
di-syl-lab. ic /dise`laebik; dais'laebik/ adj tech (of a word) hav
ing two SYLLABLES【术语】〔词〕双音节的
*ditch1 /ditf; ditf/ n a V-or U-shaped passage cut into the ground. 
especially for water to flow through 〔U或Ⅴ形的)沟，渠：a
drainage ditch by the side of the road 道路旁边的排水沟
see also 另见 LAST-DITCH
ditch2ν [T] slang to get rid of; leave suddenly; ABANDON【俚】
摆脱；突然离开；抛弃：She got bored with her boyfriend and
ditched him. 她对其男友感到厌烦，于是甩掉了他。[ He prom
ised to drive us to London but he ditched us 50 miles away
他答应开车送我们到伦敦，但在50英里外就把我们丢下了。|1
think we'd better ditch the last part. It's too long. 我认为最好
放弃最后一部分，太长了。
dith·er1 /`dio; 'dioe/v [I (about)] infml to behave nervously
and uncertainly because one cannot decide【非正式】〔因不知
所措而〕慌张；犹豫不定：For God's sake stop dithering and
make up your mind! 看在上帝面上，别再犹豫了，快拿定主意吧
dither2n [S] infml a state of nervous inability to make decisions
【非正式】犹豫不定；不知所措：I'm all in a dither about the
concert. 我对这场音乐会简直不知如何是好。
Dit. ka /`ditke; 'ditke/, Mike (1939- ) a famous US football
player in the 1960s and 1970s, who later became the COACH of
the Chicago Bears team. He trained them to be one of the most
successful teams in the 1980s and 1990s, and he is known for
being forceful, rude, and determined to win. 迪特卡〔 (1939- )，
20世纪60. 70年代美国著名的橄榄球运动员，后来成为了芝加哥
小熊队的教练，并将该队训练成为20世纪80、90年代最出色的
球队之一，他以强壮有力、粗鲁和意志坚定而闻名〕
di·tran·si·tive /dai`traensetiy; dai'traenstiy/ adj tech (of 
verb) that must take both an INDIRECT OBJECT and a DIRECT
OBJECT. Ditransitive verbs are marked. [T+obj(i)+obi(d)] in
this dictionary. 【术语】〔动词〕必须同时有间接宾语和直接宾语
的，双宾语的〔在本辞典中以[T+obj(i)+obj(d)]标出)：The verb
'give'is ditransitive in the sentence 'She gave me the book'
动词“give”在“She gave me the book”一句中是双宾语动词。
 — compare 比较 INTRANSITIVE, TRANSITIVE - ditransitive
dit. to /`dito; 'diteu/ n pl. -tos 1 a mark (\") used to show that a
word, which is usually directly above the mark, e. g. in a list, is
repeated; a sign meaning ‘the same’表示“同上”的符号(\")：
one black pencil at 12p
blue
\"\"15p
(=one black pencil at 12p, one blue pencil at 15p)1枝12便士的
黑铅笔，1枝15便士的蓝铅笔 2 infml (I think) the same【非正
0496
式】（我认为）同样；我也一样：“I'm really annoyed about this. '
“Ditto. ”(=I am, too)“我对这事实在烦透了。” “我也一样。”3
AmE a PHOTOCOPY【美】影印本，复印件
dit·ty /`diti; 'diti/ n often humor a short simple song【常幽】短
歌，小调
ditz/dits; dits/ n AmE infml a stupid, silly, or irresponsible person
【美，非正式】笨蛋，傻瓜：不负责任的人：You ditz! I can't be-
lieve you lockea your keys in the car! 你这个笨蛋!我真不敢
相信你把钥匙锁在了车里！ - ditzy adj: She's nice but she's
kinda ditzy. 她人很好，就是有点笨。
di·u·ret·ic/daiju`ratik:darju'retik/ n. adj (a medicine or food)
that increases the flow of URINE 利尿剂；利尿的
di. ur. nal /dai`3nl; dai'3:nal/ adj fml or tech (especially in the
study of the sun, stars etc) taking one day; daily【正式或术语】
〔尤指天文学上〕周日的：每日的：昼间的：the diurnal rotation
of the Earth 地球的周日自转 — ~ly adv
di·van /`daivaen; di'vaen/ n 1 a long soft seat or bed (divan bed)
on a base, usually without back or arms〔通常无靠背或扶手的)
长沙发，沙发床 2(often cap. 常用大写)(in former times) a state
council room in some Eastern countries, especially Turkey〔昔
时东方国家尤指土耳其的〕国务会议室
dive1/daiv; daiv/νdived ‖
also 又作 dove /doy: deuy/
AmE【美】—[I] 1 [(IN, off. 
from, into)] to throw oneself
head first into water 〔头朝下
地)跳水；入水：The girl dived
into the swimming pool. 那
女孩跳入游泳池中。| The
bird dived into the water to
catch the fish. 那水鸟一头扎
入水中捉鱼。- — see also 另见 SKIN DIVE 2 [(DOWN, for)] to go
under the surface of the water 潜水：They are diving for gold
from the Spanish wreck. 他们正潜水寻找失事的西班牙船只上
的黄金。| a diving suit (=a special suit worn by people who
dive) 潜水服 3 [+adv/prep] to move quickly on land or in air, 
downwards, head first, or out of sight 〔在地上或空中)头向下
钻；猛冲；俯冲；突然隐去：The rabbit dived into its hole. 兔子一
下钻入洞内。| He dived into the doorwaylunder the table so
tey wouldr't see him. 他猛地冲进门口[钻入桌下], 以使他们
看不到他。| The engines failed and the plane dived to the
ground. 发动机出了故障，飞机头朝下栽了下来。| He dived into
(=put his hands into) the bag and brought out two red apples
他把手伸入提包，掏出两个红苹果来。
dive in phr v [I] to start doing something quickly and eagerly
迅速而急切地开始做某事：We all dived in and helped ourselves
to the food. 我们开始狼吞虎咽地吃起来，想吃什么就拿什么。
dive2 n 1 an act of diving 跳水；潜水；猛冲：a graceful dive into
the pool(跳入游泳池的)优美的跳水动作 | When the shot
sounded in the street, we made a dive for the nearest doorway
街上响起枪声时，我们一头钻进（离我们）最近的门口里。2infml
a not very respectable place for meeting, drinking etc【非正
式】〔聚会、饮酒等的〕下等场所，廉价酒吧；赌窟：a low dive低
级酒馆 3 take a dive slang to agree to lose a match dishonestly, 
especially a BOXING match【俚】〔尤指拳击比赛中〕故意输，假装
被击到
dive-bomb /'·/v[I; T] (of a plane) to dive and then bomb〔飞
机)俯冲轰炸：to dive-bomb a crowd of people向人群俯冲轰炸
 — ~er n
div. er /`daive; 'daive/ n a person who dives, especially one
who works at the bottom of the sea in special clothing with a
supply of air 跳水者；〔尤指〕潜水员
di·verge /de`v3d3; dai'v3:d3/v [I (from)] to separate and go on
in different directions 岔开；分叉；分歧：This is where our opin-
ions diverge (from each other). 这就是我们意见产生分歧之处。
di·ver·gence /de`v3d3ens; dai'v3:d3ans/ n [C; U] (an example
of) the action or amount of diverging 岔开；歧异；偏差 - -gent
adj; divergent opinions 分歧的意见 - -gently adv
di·vers /`daivez; 'daivez/ adj [A] old use or humor many
different【旧或幽】多种的，种种的：Divers persons were present. 
of all stations in life. 不同身份的、形形色色的人都出席了，
di·verse /de`v3s; dai'v3:s/ adj different (from each other); show-
ing variety 各不相同的，各种各样的：many diverse interests 各
种不同的兴趣 | The programme deals with subjects as di-
verse as pop music and ancient Greek drama, 节目涉及从流
行音乐到古代希腊戏剧这样形形色色的题材。 — ~ly ady
di·ver·si·fy /de`v3·se fai; dai'v3:s/fai/v1 [I; T] to make or be-
come different in form, quality, aims, or activities; vary 使不
同；（使）变得多样化2 [I(into)](of a business) to change to
producing more and different products in order to make a busi-
ness larger or to protect it if the market for certain products
fails 使（事业）多样化〔以扩大业务或提高生存力)：Because of
over-production of dairy products, dairy farmers in Europe
are being encouraged to diversify into non-agricultural uses
of land, such as golf courses. 由于乳制品生产过剩，殴洲的牛
奶场经营者被鼓励搞多样化经营开拓土地的非农业用途，如修建高
尔夫球场等。| Our factory is trying to diversify (its range of
products). (=to make a large number of different products)我
们工厂正力图（使产品品种）往多样化方面发展。| a publishing
company that is now diversifying into the software market 现
正在开辟软件市场的出版公司--fication /dev3·sefe`kefen:
dai v3:sf'keifan/n [U]
di·ver·sion /de`v33en; dai'v3:fan/ n 1 [C; U] a turning aside
from a main or usual course, activity, or use 转向，转移，转换
改道：the diversion of a river to supply water to the farms 河
流改道以灌溉农田| a traffic diversion due to an accident on
the main road由于主要道路上出了交通事故而造成的车辆改道
2 [C] something that turns someone's attention away from
something else that one does not wish to be noticed 使人转移
注意力的事物；声东击西的手段；牵制：I think your last argu-
ment was a diversion to make us forget the main point. 我认
为你最后那个论点是在转移目标，以使我们忘掉要点。| The bank
dive 跳水
robbers created a diversion to distract the attention of the police. 
抢劫银行的强盗以声东击西的手段转移警方的注意力。3[C]
something that amuses people 娱乐，消遣：Big cities have lots
of cinemas and other diversions. 大城市有许多电影院和其他
娱乐活动。
di·ver. sion. a. ry /de`v3fen sri; dai'v3:fenari/ adj intended to
form a diversion from the most important operation or main
point 意在转移注意力的；声东击西的；牵制性的：diversionary
tactics 牵制战术
di·ver·si·ty /de`v3·seti; dai'v3:sati/ n [S; U (of)] the condition of
being different or having differences; variety 差异；多样性；变
化多端：a considerable diversity of opinion on this issue 在这
个问题上多种不同的意见| the cultural diversity of the United
States 美国文化的多样性
di·vert /de`v3t; dai'v3:t/v[T] 1 [(from, to)] to cause to turn
aside or change from one use or direction to another 使转移；使
转换用途：使转向：They diverted the river to supply water to
the town. 他们使河流改道以便向城市供水。| diverted traffic
改道行驶的车辆 | to divert additional government resources to
the inner cities 把额外的政府资源拨给各城市的贫民区 2[(from)
to turn (a person, attention, criticism etc) away from something:
DISTRACT 使〔人〕分心；转移〔对某事物的注意力、批评等)：The
outbreak of fighting in the North has diverted public atten-
tion away from other national problems. 北方战事的爆发已把
公众的注意力从其他全国性问题上转移开来。3 fml to amus【正
式】使欢娱，使消遣，使解闷：a new game to divert the children
供孩子们娱乐的新游戏|a diverting game 消遣性游戏
di·vest /de`vest; dai'vest/v
divest sbdy. of sthg. phr v [T] fml【正式】1 to take away (the
official position, special rights, property etc) of 剥夺〔某人的官
职、特权、财产等)：They divested the king of all his power. 他
们剥夺了国王的一切权力。2 to take off(the ceremonial clothes
of 脱去〔礼服) 3 to cause (oneself) to get rid of (especially busi-
ness operations or false ideas)抛弃，摆脱〔尤指商业活动或不正
确的念头)：The American conglomerate GIO is to divest it-
self of its oil interests. 美国联合企业集团GIO将放弃其拥有的
石油股份。| to divest oneself of pride 抛弃妄自尊大的想法
di·vest·ment /de`vestment; dai'vestment/ also 又作 di·ves·ti-
ture /de`vestetfe; dai'vestatfe/ — n [U] AmE for【美】= DISIN-
VESTMENT
*di·vide1/de`vaid; d'vaid/ν1 [I; T (into, from, between)] to
separate into two or more parts or groups 分，分割，把··分成
(若干部分)：The class divided into three groups when we went
on our outing. 我们外出郊游时，全班分成了3个小组。| Divide
this line into 20 equal parts. 把这条线等分成20段。| Divide
it in half. 把它分成两半。| The country is divided into 12 prov-
inces. 这个国家划分为12个省。| A low wall divides our gar-
den from our neighbour's garden. 一堵矮墙把我家的花园和邻
居的花园隔开来。| He divides his time between working and
looking after the children. 他把时间分别用在工作和照看孩子
上。2 [T (UP, between, among, with)] to separate and give out
or share 分配；分发；分享：The prize money will be divided up
will be equally divided between/among the three winners. 奖
金将由3名优胜者均分。| Divide the cake with your sister. 跟
你妹妹分吃这块蛋糕。3 [I; T (by, into)] to find out how many
times one number contains or is contained in another number
除，除以：Divide 15 by 3. 用3除15。| 15 divided by 3 is 5. 15
除以3等于5。|3 divides into 15 5 times. 用3除15得
0497
5。- — compare 比较 MULTIPLY 4 [T] to be an important caus
of disagreement betweer; separate into opposing group:_使分
歧；使对立，离间，分裂：The issue of education policy divided
the party. 教育政策问题使该党内部分裂。| The opposition
groups are hopelessly divided. 各反对派团体无可挽回地陷于
分裂。| a clear dividing line between those for and those
against the motion 在赞成和反对该提议的人之间的明确分界线
5 [I] tech to vote by separating into groups【术语】分组表决
Parliament divided on the question, and the Government won
narrowly, 国会在这个问题上进行了分组表决，结果政府以微弱多
数获胜
divide2n 1 [(between)] fml a difference; lack of sameness or
UNITY【正式】差异；不同；不一致：the divide between two po
litical systems 两种政治制度间的差别 | the North-South di-
vide 南北之间的不同 2 tech a line of high land that comes be-
tween two different river systems; WATERSHED【术语】分水岭
— see 参见 CONTINENTAL DIVIDE 3 euph【婉】the great di-
vide a death (separating the dead from the living)〔阴阳交界
的)鬼门关：He has crossed the great divide. 他已离开了人世
b the most important difference 最主要的区别：The great di
vide between the upper and lower town is the quality of the
shops. 镇上富人区和穷人区之间最大的区别是商店的档次。
divided high·way /··'·/ n AmE for【美】= DUAL CARRIAGE. 
WAY
div·i·dend /`dive dend; 'divdend/ n 1 that part of the money
made by a business, which is divided among those who own
shares in the business, usually twice a year 股息，红利〔通常为
年两次)：The company declared a large dividend at the ena
of the year. 公司在年底宣布分发高额股息。2 tech a number to
be divided by another number【术语】被除数 — compare 比较
DIVISOR 3 pay dividends to produce an advantage, especially
as a result of earlier action 有好处，产生效益〔尤指作为先前行
动的结果)：Their decision five years ago to computerize the
company is now paying (handsome) dividends, 五年前他们做
出使公司电脑化的决定，现在正产生出（可观的）效益
di. vid. er /di`vaide; di'vaide/ n a stiff card that sticks out and is
used to separate two sets of pages in a FILE〔插在文档中的〕分
隔卡
di·vid. ers /de`vaidez; d'vaidez/ n [P] an instrument for mea-
suring or marking off lines, angles etc 两脚规，分线规 — see
参见PAIR(USAGE)
div·i·na·tion /dive`nefen; div'neifan/n [U] the act or skill of
telling the unknown or the future, usually by reading certain
events as signs from God占卜（术），卜卦；预言，预测〔一般通
过将某些事件看做是上帝的启示〕
di·vine1 /de`vain; d'vain/ adj1 [no comp. 无比较级] of, con
nected with or being God or a god 上帝的；神的；神性的：divine
worship 对神的崇拜 | to attend divine service (=an act of
worship in church)做礼拜 2 infml old-fash (used especially
by women) extremely good; WONDERFUL【非正式，过时】〔尤为
妇女所用)极好的；极妙的：The meal was simply divine!这顿
饭简直好极了！ — ~ly adv
divine2 v1 [T] fml or lit to discover or guess (something
unknown) by or as if by magic【正式或文】占卜；预言；推测；看
穿，说中：[+obj/wh-] At last I divined the truth/divined what
she meant. 我终于看穿事情的真相[她的意思]。2 [I (for); T
also 又作 dowse -- to (try to) find underground water or min
erals with a special Y-shaped stick (divining rod /dowsing rod)
that is believed to point towards them. People who do this claim
that it works, but many other people do not believe it because
it cannot be tested or proved scientifically. (用一丫形卜棒)（试
图)探测（水源、矿床）〔用这种方法来作探测的人声称此法灵验，但
由于得不到科学的验证，很多人不相信)：He divined (for) wa
ter on my farm. 他用卜棒在我的农场中探测水源
divine3 n now rare a priest, especially of the Christian religior
【现罕】〔尤指基督教的〕教士
Divine Com·e. dy, The /. ，. '. / a long poem in three parts, writ-
ten around 1300 by the Italian poet DANTE. It describes the
poet's SPIRITUAL journey. First he is led through Hell (the In
ferno) and Purgatory by the poet VIRGIL, and then he is led
through Paradise by BEATRICE, the woman he loves. It is gen-
erally considered to be one of the greatest poems ever written. 
《神曲》〔意大利诗人但丁于1300年左右创作的一部长诗。全诗
分三个部分, 描述了作者的心路历程。首先, 他在诗人维吉尔的引
导下穿越地狱和炼狱，然后由他所爱的女子贝雅特里齐引导通过天
堂。该作品被公认为有史以来最伟大的诗作之一)
Divine Of-fice, the /. '·. / the fixed forms of daily prayer and
ceremony used by ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIESTS〔天主教神父的〕
日课
di·vin·er /de`vaine; d'vaine/ also 又作 dowser - n a person
who divines for underground water or minerals〔用丫形卜棒)
探测地下水源[矿床]者
divine right /· '·/ also 又作 divine right of kings /···· `/ n
[S; U] the idea that a king receives his right to rule directly
from God and not from the people 君权神授（说）：(fig. 喻) You
seem to think you have a divine right to open my mail. 你似乎
认为自己理所当然地有权拆我的信
diving bell /'. /n a bell-shaped metal container in which people
can work under water 潜水钟〔钟型金属潜水器
div·ing-board /daryin bord: 'daryinbo:d/ n a board fixed at one
end, especially high off the ground, off which people DIVE into
the water 跳（水）板 — compare 比较 SPRINGBOARD
di. vin. i·ty /de`vineti; d'vin3ti/n 1 [U] the quality or state of
being DIVINE'(1)神性；神力；神威；神德 2 [C] (often cap. 常用
大写) a god or goddess 神；女神 3 [U] the study of God and
religious beliefs; THEOLOGY 神学
Divinity, the God 上帝，神
divinity school /. '·. ，/ n AmE for【美】= THEOLOGICAL COL-
LEGE
di·vis. i. ble /de`vizebl; d'vizbal/ adj [(by, into)] that can be
divided 可分的；可除尽的：15 is divisible by 3. 15能被3除尽。
 — opposite 反义词 indivisible
di. vi. sion /de`vi3en; d'vi3an/n1 [U (between, among, into)]
separation or sharing 分；分开；分配：the division of responsi-
bility among the teachers 教师中的责任分工 2 [C+sing. /pl. v]
one of the parts or groups into which a whole is divided 部分：
部门：She works in the company's export division. 她在公司
的出口部门工作。| a naval division(=a group of ships that
fight together)海军分舰队 | Wolverhampton Wanderers at
in the Ist Division. 伍尔弗汉普顿流浪者队属于甲级队。3 JC
(between)] something that divides or separates 间隔物；分界
线：The river forms the division between the old and new parts
of the city. 这条河形成了新旧城区之间的分界线。| deep po
litical divisions betweer the two grouns两团体之间很深的政
治分野 4 [U (between)] disagreement between the members
of a group; DISSENSION〔同一团体成员间的〕意见分歧；不和 5[U]
the process of finding out how many times one number or quan-
tity is contained in another 除（法） ：The children are learning
to do division. 孩子们在学习做除法运算。| division sign (÷)
除号(÷) — compare 比较 MULTIPLICATION; see also 另见 LONG
DIVISION 6 [C] tech a vote in the British parliament in which
all those in favour('aye') go to one place and all those against
(‘no') go to another【术语】〔英国议会的〕分组表决〔赞成者与反
对者分别到不同的地方)：to force a division 强迫进行分组表决|
the division bell (=bell rung to tell members there will be a
division)告知议员即将进行分组表决的通知铃
division lob. by /. '·. ，. ·/n (in Britain) either of the two places to
which a Member of Parliament goes to vote for or against some-
thing in a DIVISION(6)投票厅〔英国议会赞成及反对的两派议
员分别投票时的两个地点之一〕
division of la-bour /·. ·. '·/ n [(the) U] a system in which each
member of a group specializes in a different type of work分工
di. vi-sive /de vaisiv; de'vaisiv/ adjtending to make people ar-
gue amongst themselves; causing DISUNITY 造成不和的，引起
分裂的，离间的：a divisive policy/issue 引起分裂的政策[议题]
 — ~ly adv — ~ness n [U]
di. vi. sor /de`vaize; d'vaize/ n tech the number by which an-
other number is divided【术语】除数，约数：When 15 is divided
by 3， the number 3 is the divisor. 15被3除时，3就是除数。—
compare 比较 DIVIDEND(2)
di·vorce1 /de`vors; d'vo:s/ n 1 [C; U] (a case of) the official
ending of a marriage, especially as declared by a court of law
(尤指经法院宣判的〕离婚（案）：Their marriage ended in di-
vorce. 他们的婚姻以离婚告终。| She wants to get a divorce. 
她打算要离婚。| an increase in the number of divorces 离婚
案数目的增加
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Divorce is legal in the
US and UK. A husband or wife can get a divorce for rea-
sons of ADULTERY (=when one of them is having sex with
someone else), unreasonable behaviour such as mental or
physical cruelty, DESERTION (=when one of them leaves). 
or SEPARATION(=when they no longer live together). Some
married couples prefer a divorce in which neither the hus-
band nor the wife is blamed for the end of the marriage. In
this case they usually get a NO-FAULT divorce, which is
allowed in most US states, and in the UK. In both countries, 
a special court decides how to divide the couple's prop-
erty between them, and who will get CUSTODY of their chil-
0498
dren(=the legal right to take care of them). If one of the
couple is financially dependent on the other, the court will
sually order the other one to pay ALIMONY (AmE), or
MAINTENANCE (BrE). In the US a court also decides how
much CHILD SUPPORT a husband or wife should pay to help
support their children. In the UK, however, a government
organization called the CSA (Child Support Agency) de
cides how much maintenance should be paid. Today in the
UK around 40% of marriages end in divorce, and in the
US the figure is almost as high as 50%. 在美国和英国，离
婚是法律所允许的。丈夫或妻子可以因为另一方通奸、行为悖
理（指精神或肉体上的虐待）、自己遭遗弃或双方已经分居等
原因获准离婚。而有的夫妻却愿意在双方都无过错时提出离
婚。这种情况一般叫无过错离婚，在美国的大多数州和英国都
是允许的。英美两国都有专门的法庭裁决夫妻双方如何划分
财产，子女的监护权归谁。如果夫妻一方在经济上依靠对方的
话，法院通常判定另一方支付抚养费。在美国，法院还裁定夫
妻一方应向另一方支付的子女抚养费的数额。而在英国，子女
抚养费则由一家称做儿童抚养事务处的政府机构裁定。目前
英国的离婚率约40%，在美国则高达50%。— see Cultural
Note at 参见 MARRIAGE文化注释
2 [C (between)] a separation 分离：a growing divorce between
workers and management 工人和资方之间不断加深的裂痕
divorce2v1 [I; T] to officially end a marriage between/to (a
husband and wife) （打官司）离婚；与〔丈夫或妻子〕离婚：They're
getting divorced. 他们打算离婚。| She divorced him after years
o unhappiness. 经过多年不愉快的婚姻生活她跟他离婚了。|a
divorced woman 离了婚的女人 2 [T (from)] to separate com-
pletely 使完全脱离，与··断绝关系：It is difficult to divorce poli-
tics from sport. 把政治与体育完全分开来是很难的。|Some of
his ideas are completely divorced from reality. 他某些想法完
全脱离现实
USAGE 用法说明 If Tom and Jill are married but in
tend to end their marriage we can say 如果汤姆与吉尔结了
婚却又打算结束他们的婚姻，我们可以说：Tom and Jill are
getting divorced. (汤姆和吉尔要离婚了。) If we are talking
mainly about Jill we can say 如果我们主要在谈吉尔，我们
可以说：Jill is getting a divorce/getting divorced (from
Tom). (吉尔要 （跟汤姆）离婚了。) But if Jill is taking action
in law against Tom to end the marriage we can say 但如果
吉尔在和汤姆打官司来结束婚姻，我们可以说：Jill is divorc
ing Tom. (吉尔在跟汤姆打离婚官司。) — see also 另见
MARRY (USAGE)
di. vor. cee /de, vor`se; d'vo:si:/ divorce /de, vor`se; d'vo:si:
masc. 【阳性】— n old-fash a woman whose marriage has ended
in divorce【过时】离了婚的女人 — compare 比较 WIDOW
di·vulge /de`vald3; dai'vvld3/ v[T (to)] fml to tell or make
known(what has been secret); REVEAL【正式】泄露〔秘密)；透
露：Who divulged our plans (to the press)?谁把我们的计划泄
露出去（给报界）的？| [+that] The doctor divulged that the
President had been ill for some time before he died. 医生透
露，总统去世前已病了一段时间。| [+wh-] They refused to di-
vulge where they had hidden the money. 他们拒绝说出他们把
钱藏在什么地方。- -vulgence n[U]
div·vy /`divi; 'divi/ ν [T (UP)] slang to divide【俚】分；分享：a
conspiracy to divvy up the market between them 在他们之间
瓜分市场的阴谋
Di·wa·li /di`walr; di'wa:li/ Dewali, Divali an important HINDU
religious celebration in October or November. People celebrate
Diwali by lighting lamps, eating special food, and exchanging
gifts. 排灯节〔印度教的重大宗教节日，在每年10月或11月举行。
人们以点灯、吃特制食物和交换礼物的方式庆祝〕
Dix·ie /diksi; 'diksi/ the southern states of the US where slaves
were owned before the CIVIL WAR. A popular song called Dixie
was written in 1859. 〔内战前拥有奴隶的〕美国南部各州〔一首著
名的歌曲《迪克西》创作于1859年〕
dix·ie·land /`diksi laend; 'diksilaend/ n [U] old-style (TRADI-
TIONAL) JAZZ played with a two-beat RHYTHM by a small band
and often including a part played by just one instrument, origi. 
nally from the southern states of the US〔源于美国南方各州的)
迪克西兰爵士乐，旧式爵士乐
Dix. on of Dock Green /，diksn ev dak`grin; diksan ev, dok
gri:n/ a popular British television programme shown from 1955
to 1976 about an imaginary London police officer called Ser-
geant Dixon. Sergeant Dixon was a typical friendly, honest
English BOBBY (=policeman) who was always willing to help
people, and his name is sometimes used to describe an old-
fashioned type of police officer. At the beginning of each pro-
gramme, Sergeant Dixon said ‘Evenin' all'. 《多克·格林警局的
狄克森》〔1955年至1976年间播出的英国流行电视节目，讲述了
一位虚构的伦敦警察狄克森巡佐的故事。狄克森是一位友好诚实
的典型英国警察，十分乐意帮助别人。他的名字有时被用来描述旧
时的警察形象。每次节目开始时，狄克森巡佐都会说“大家晚上
好”〕
Dix. ons /diksenz; 'diks anz/ trademark a British shop with many
branches that sells electrical, electronic, and photographic
equipment, such as televisions, cameras, and computers(商标)
狄克森商店〔英国一家经营电视机、照相机和电脑等电器、电子设
备和摄影器材的商店，拥有许多分店
DIY /`di ai `wai; di: ai 'wai/ [U] especially BrE, abbrev. for 缩
写= do-it-yourself; the practice of doing repairs, painting the
house etc oneself, instead of paying workmen【尤英】自己动手
(做)，自行维修，自助：aDIY shop供应自己动手所需工具和元
件的商店| a DIY fanatic 热衷于自己动手的人
CULTURAL NOTE 文化注释 Many people in the UK
enjoy doing DIY when they have free time. There are many
large stores that sell the things you need for DIY, such as
tools, wood, paint, and garden equipment. People make
jokes about DIY ENTHUSIASTS(=people who enjoy doing
a lot of DIY) saying that their work is not very good and
usually falls apart, 许多英国人在有空的时候都喜欢自己动
手做些事情。有不少大型商店出售工具、木材、油漆和园艺设
备等自己动手所需的物品。人们拿热衷于自己动手的人开玩
笑、说他们的活干得不太好，通常会散架
diz. zy /dizi; 'dizi/ adj 1 having an unpleasant feeling of loss of
balance and confusion, as if things are going round and round
头晕目眩的：They danced round in circles until they were dizzy
他们转着圈跳舞，直到跳得头晕眼花。| Climbing ladders makes
me dizzy. 爬梯子会使我头晕。2 [A] causing this feeling 引起晕
眩的：looking down from a dizzy height 从令人头晕的高度往
下看| (fig. 喻) She rose to the dizzy height (=important posi-
tion) of vice-president. 她高升到副董事长的要职。3 infml. es-
pecially AmE careless and forgetful【非正式，尤美】不专心的：
轻率的；浮躁的；冒失的：A dizzy blonde works at the front desk. 
个冒失的金发女郎在前台工作。- -zily adv - -ziness n [U]
DJ' /di`d3e; di: 'd3ei/ n 1 abbrev. for 缩写= disk jockey. 
someone whose job is to play records on a radio show or in a
club where you can dance 〔电台〕音乐唱片节目主持人；〔夜总会]
舞曲唱片播放员 2 someone whose job is to produce continu
ous music by mixing different records together for people to
dance to in clubs. DJs of this type play music such as HOUSE
MUSIC and TECHNO. 〔夜总会〕舞曲唱片混音师 3 abbrev. for 缩
写=DINNER JACKET
DJ2ν [I] to work as a DJ 做音乐节目主持人：Some of the stu-
dents earn extra cash by DJ-ing on weekends. 一些学生通过
周末做音乐节目主持人来赚外快。
Dja. kar. ta /d3e`karte; d3e'ka:te/ another spelling of Jakarta, the
capital of Indonesia 雅加达〔印度尼西亚首都，Jakarta 的另一种
拼法〕
Dii. bou. ti /d3i`buti; d3'bu:ti/ a small country on the coast of
NE Africa, formerly ruled by France. Population: 586, 000
(1995). Capital:Diibouti. 吉布提〔非洲东北海岸一小国，原为法
属殖民地，人口：586, 000(1995)，首都：吉布提〕
djinn /d3in; d3in/ n a GENIE〔阿拉伯神话中的〕神怪
DKNY /，di ke en `wai; di: kei en 'wai/ trademark, abbrev. for
缩写=Donna Karan New York; a US fashion company started
by Donna KARAN【商标】DKNY公司〔美国时装公司，由唐娜·卡
伦创办〕
DM /，di`sm; , di: 'em/ abbrev. for 缩写= DEUTSCHMARK
DMs / di `smz; di: 'emz/ n BrE infml Doc Martens; a type of
strong shoe/boot【英，非正式】马丁鞋
DMV /，di em `vi; di: em 'vi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= Department of
Motor Vehicles; a government department in each of the US
states, which is responsible for giving driving tests and
DRIVER'S LICENSES. In some states the DMV has the power to
collect road taxes. 机动车辆部〔美国的州政府部门，负责主持驾
照考试和颁发驾驶执照。在有些州，该部门还有权征收公路税〕
DNA /，di en `e; di: en 'ei/n [U] abbrev. for 缩写= deoxyribo
nucleic acid; the acid which contains GENETIC information in
a cell. DNA is responsible for all the features of a plant, animal, 
or human that are passed from the parent to the child, and it is
sometimes called the 'building block'(=most basic substance)
of life. Its structure was discovered by the scientists Francis
CRICK and James WATSON. 脱氧核糖核酸〔包括基因信息的核酸
0499
负责植物、动物或人类的遗传特征，有时被称为生命的“构成要
素”。其分子结构是由弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森发现的〕
DNA pro-fil-ing /. . '·. / n [U] the practice of using informa
tion from DNA in blood, hair, SEMEN etc found at the scene of
a crime in order to try to discover who the criminal is. This
method of solving crimes is sometimes also called'genetic
fingerprinting'. DNA画像术，基因图测定〔利用犯罪现场发现的
血液、毛发、精液等中的脱氧核糖核酸讯息找出罪犯的方法，有时
又称“基因指纹鉴定”〕- DNA profile n
DNB, the /di n `bi; di: en 'bi:/ abbrev. for 缩写= the DIC-
TIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY
D-no-tice /`di notis: 'di: neuts/ n in the UK, an official gov
ernment order to a newspaper that it should not print certain
information, for reasons of NATIONAL SECURITY 国防机密通
知，D通告〔英国政府基于国家安全的理由要求报社不要发表某些
消息的通知〕
*do1/du; du:/v did /did; did/, done /dan; dan/; 3rd person sing
present 现在式第三人称单数为 does /dez; dez; strong 强读 daz:
dvz/ [auxiliary verb 助动词] 1 [+te-v] a (used with another
verb, especially to form questions or negatives 与另一动词连
用，特别是构成疑问句或否定句)：Do you like my new car?你
喜欢我的新车吗？| He didn't answer. 他没有回答。| Where
do you live?你住在哪里？ | Doesn't he look funny?他看上去
很可笑，不是吗？| Don't just stand there watching! 别光站在
那里旁观呀！|(especially BrE尤英)Don't let's stop. (compare
比较 Let's not stop. ) 我们不要停下来。| Why don't you come
for the weekend?(=Please come!)你来度周末好吗？ Not only
did I see him, but I spoke to him. 我不但看到了他，而且跟他说
话了。| Little does he know (=he is unconscious of the fact)
that the police are watching him. 他一点也不知道警方正在监
视着他。b (used to strengthen or support another verb 用于加
强另一动词)：Do be careful!千万要小心啊！|“Why didn't you
tell me?” “I did tell you. ” “你为什么没有告诉我？” “我告诉过
你的呀。”| He owns, or did own, a Rolls Royce. 他有一辆，或
者说曾有过一辆劳斯莱斯汽车。— see 参见 NOT(USAGE) 2
[I](used instead of another verb 用以代替另一动词)：She likes
it, and so do I. 她喜欢它，我也喜欢。|“Would you like to join
us?” “I don't mind if I do. ”(=yes please)“你愿意来和我们在
起吗？” “我很愿意。”| He speaks English better than he did. 
一
=better than he used to speak it)他的英语比从前讲得好。
'You stepped on my toe. ” “No, I didn't!” “你踩了我的脚趾。
‘没有，我没踩！”| She writes novels, doesn't she? (=I think
she writes novels. )她是写小说的，对不对？ | (especially BrE
尤英) She writes novels, does she? (=I am asking) 她写小说
吗？|“You left the door open. ” “So I did!”(=you are right)
‘你没关门呀。” “一点不错！”|(fml 正式)“Will you write to
her?” “I have already done so. ” “你会给她写信吗？” “我已经
写了。”| (BrE 英)“Will she come?” “She may do. ” “她会来
吗？” “她可能会来。”| “You ought to phone your mother. ” “I
already have done. ” “你应该给你妈妈打个电话。” “我已经打过
了。”3 [T](used instead of another verb 用以代替另一动词)：
“What are you doing?” “I'm cooking. ” “你在做什么？” “我在煮
饭。”| What he does is (to) teach. 他的工作是教书。4 What . 
doing? (often expressing disapproval 常表示不赞同) Why?怎
么搞的？为什么？：What is that book doing on the floor? (=Why
is it there?) 那本书怎么会在地板上？ | What was that man do
ing in your room?那个男人在你房间里干什么？
do2y 1 [T] to perform the actions that are necessary in order to
complete (something) or bring it into a desired state 做，干；履
行；办；完成：to do a sum/a crossword/one's homework/exer-
cises 做算术题[填字游戏：作业：练习] | I'll do the cooking/the
cleaning. 我来做饭 [打扫]。| Have you done (=cleaned) your
teeth?你刷牙了吗? | to do one's hair (=arrange it)做发型
They do fish (=cook it) very well in this restaurant. 这家餐馆
鱼烧得很好。[ to do repairs 做修理工作 | to do (=study) sci-
ence at school 在学校读理科 | This car can do 80 miles an
hour. 这辆汽车每小时能跑 80英里。| It's a pleasure to do busi-
ness with you, 和您做生意很愉快。| We did everythin we
could to help him, 我们做了能够做的一切去帮助他。| Don't
do anything stupid. 不要做蠢事。| We did our best to help
him. 我们尽了最大的努力去帮助他。| There's nothing more
to do/to be done. 再没什么可做的了。| What do you do (for a
living)?(=What is your work?)你是干什么（为生）的？All
we can do now is wait, 现在我们所能做的就是等待。— see 参
见 MAKE (USAGE); see 参见 LANGUAGE NOTE: Make and
Do 2 [T] (used in certain expressions 用于某些措辞中)：He's
only doing his duty, 他只是在尽本分而已。| You did right to
tell me what they were doing. 你做得对，把他们干的事告诉我。|
[+obj(i)+obi(d)] That won't do (you) any harm, 那不会 （对
你)有什么害处。| The medicine will do you good. 这药会对你
有好处的。| The photograph doesn't do her justice. 这张照片
没有把她照好。|Will you do me a favour?您能帮我忙吗？
Will you do us the honour of coming to dinner?您能赏光参
加我们的晚宴吗？3 [I+well, badly etc] to advance or perform
successfully or unsuccessfully; PROGRESS 进行；进展；干：The
children are doing well at their new school, 孩子们在新学校
里干得很不错。| I hope you'll do better in future, 我希望你将
来会干得好些。| The company always does badly at this time
of year. 公司在每年这个时候生意总是很淡。| How are you
doing in the new job? 你在新工作中干得怎么样？ 4 [not in pro
gressive forms 不用进行式] a [I (for)] to be enough or suitable
足够：合适：Will ￡5 do?5英镑够吗？|That'll do nicely. 那就
足够了。| This little bed will do for the baby. 这张小床给婴儿
睡正合适。| You needn't use milk -- water will do. 你不必用
奶，用水就行了。| That will do! Stop!够了！停下来！ b [T] to
be enough or suitable for (someone)对〔某人〕足够：适合〔某
人)：Will ￡5 do you?给你 5英镑够吗？ | I suppose this coat
will have to do me for another year. 我想这件上衣我还得穿上
一年。5 [I+adv/prep] to behave in a stated way 〔按某种方式)
做：行动：表现：Do as you're told!叫你怎么干你就怎么干！
You did well to get here so quickly. 你表现不错，这么快就来
了。6 [T] infml, especially BrE【非正式，尤英】(of people 指
人) a to cheat 欺骗：I'm afraid he's done you on that sale! 恐
怕他在那笔交易中把你骗了！| You've been done!你上当了！ b
to punish; hurt 惩罚；伤害：If you say that again, I'll do you!
如果你再这样说一遍，我就揍你！7 [T] infml to visit (a place)
and see everything interesting in it【非正式】参观，游览〔某地)：
Can we do Oxford in three days?我们能在 3天之内把牛津参
观一遍吗？8 [T] to perform as or copy the manner of; IMPER-
SONATE 扮演； 模仿：He does Ronald Reagan very well. 他把罗
纳德·里根模仿得惟妙惟肖。9 [I only in progressive forms 只
用进行式] to happen 发生：What's doing at your place tonight?
今晚你们那儿有什么活动？ | There's nothing doing in this town
at night. 晚上这个城镇没有什么活动。10 do or die fml to suc-
ceed or die; do everything possible to succeed【正式】不成功毋
宁死：尽一切努力求得成功 11 do time infml to be in prison【非
正式】服刑，坐牢 12 do to death to kill 弄死：(fig. 喻) That
joke has been done to death by being repeated so often. 那个
笑话讲来讲去已经令人厌烦了。13 I do the answer to a ques-
tion in the marriage service, \"Do you take this woman/man to
be your lawful wedded wife/husband?\", by which one agrees
formally to be married 我愿意〔婚礼仪式上对“你愿意接受这个
女人[男人]为你的合法妻子[丈夫]吗？”这个问题的回答，以表示
正式同意结婚) ：She couldn't wait to walk up the aisle and
say “I do”. 她迫不及待地想走上教堂圣坛说“我愿意。”14 do
well by to treat well 很好地对待 15 BrE up and doing infml
out of bed and active【英，非正式】起床并活动起来：He's up and
doing by five o'clock in the morning! 他清早 5点钟就起床忙
碌起来。 — see also 另见 do one's bit (BIT`), how do you do
(HOW), nothing doing (NOTHING), do (someone) proud
(PROUD)
do away with sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 to cause to end; ABOL
ISH 使终止，废除：The government did away with free school
meals. 政府取消了学校的免费餐。2 also 又作 make away with
—- infml to kill or murder (someone or oneself)【非正式】谋杀
〔某人〕；自杀
do sbdy, → down phr y [T] BrE infml【英，非正式】1 to cheat
欺骗 2 to try to make someone, especially someone who is not
present, seem unimportant, worthless etc 中伤；说〔尤指不在场
的人〕的坏话
do for sbdy. /sthg. phr v [T] 1 BrE infml to keep house or do
cleaning for【英，非正式】为··料理家务[做清洁工作] 2 BrE
slang to kill; murder【英俚】杀死；谋杀 3 What will you do for
(something)? What arrangements will you make for (some-
thing)?你将为··做什么安排？：What will you do for food when
you are campins?你们去露营时怎样安排食物的问题? — see
also 另见 done for (DONE2)
do in phr ν [T] 1 (do sbdy.  in) slang to kill【俚】杀死
They did her in with an axe! 他们用斧头砍死了她。2 (do sbdy. 
in) infml to tire completely【非正式】使筋疲力尽：That long walk
really did me in! 那次长途步行实在把我累垮了。
do sthg.  out phr y [T] infml, especially BrE to clean thor
oughly【非正式，尤英】清扫：I'll do out the living room. 我来清
扫客厅。
do sbdy. out of sthg. phr v [T often pass. 常用被动语态] infml
to cause to lose by cheating【非正式】向〔某人〕骗取〔某物〕：I've
been done out of my rights. 我的权利被人骗走了。
do over phr v [T] 1 (do sthg.  over) to repaint (a room. 
wall etc)重新粉刷，油漆〔房间、墙壁等〕 2 (do sthg. over) AmE
to do or make again【美】重做：Your work is full of mistakes, 
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