Zambianize, v.

zambianize
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zambianize_v%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2022

# Zambianizeverb

## Factsheet

### What does the verb Zambianize mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the verb Zambianize. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the verb Zambianize?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1960 | 0.0015
1970 | 0.0013
1980 | 0.0012
1990 | 0.0012
2000 | 0.0013
2010 | 0.0006

### How is the verb Zambianize pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzambiənʌɪz/
ZAM-bee-uh-nighz

#### U.S. English

/ˈzæmbiəˌnaɪz/
ZAM-bee-uh-nighz

### Where does the verb Zambianize come from?

Earliest known use

1960s

The earliest known use of the verb Zambianize is in the 1960s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zambianize is from 1964, in News Letter.

Zambianize is formed within English, by derivation.

Etymons: Zambian adj., ‑ize suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zalambdodont, adj. 1885–
2. zalcitabine, n. 1991–
3. zamacueca, n. 1855–
4. Zamak, n. 1926–
5. zamang, n. 1819–
6. zamarra, n. 1841–
7. zama zama, n. 2006–
8. Zamazim, n. a1400–
9. Zambian, adj. & n. 1959–
10. Zambianization, n. 1964–
11. Zambianize, v.1964–
12. zambo, n. 1819–
13. Zamboni, n. 1965–
14. zambra, n. 1672–
15. zambuk, n. 1906–
16. zamburak, n. 1825–
17. zami, n. 1977–
18. Zamia, n. 1819–
19. zamindar, n. 1683–
20. zamindari, n. & adj. 1742–
21. zamindarship, n. 1698–1902

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by derivation.
Etymons: Zambian adj., ‑ize suffix.
< Zambian adj. + ‑ize suffix, after Africanize v.

Compare Zambianization n.

Compare slightly earlier Kenyanize v. and Nigerianize v.

## Meaning & use

1. 1964–
   transitive. To make Zambian in character, composition, etc.; spec. to appoint a Zambian citizen to (a post, occupation, etc.) in place of a non-Zambian citizen, typically replacing a settler of European descent with a Zambian of African descent. Cf. Zambianization n.
   1. 1964

      > The Government was trying to implement..the findings of a Royal Commission into the best means of localising the Civil Service.., preferring to ‘Zambianise’ rather than ‘Africanise’.

      News Letter (Inst. Race Relations) July 20
   2. 1980

      > Mr Chafwa..asked Zambian and expatriate-owned travel agencies to explain why they have not Zambianized certain posts.

      BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (Nexis) 4 September
   3. 2019

      > To bring an end to the tribal, regional and partisan division undermining unity as a nation we will Zambianise the mode of democracy.

      Zambian Eye (Nexis) 22 June
   1. Zambianize 1964–
      transitive. To make Zambian in character, composition, etc.; spec. to appoint a Zambian citizen to (a post, occupation, etc.) in place of a…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzambiənʌɪz/
ZAM-bee-uh-nighz

### U.S. English

/ˈzæmbiəˌnaɪz/
ZAM-bee-uh-nighz

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

See Zambian adj. & n. and ‑ize suffix.

## Frequency

Zambianize typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

Zambianize is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zambianize, v., 1960–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1960 | 0.0015
1970 | 0.0013
1980 | 0.0012
1990 | 0.0012
2000 | 0.0013
2010 | 0.0006

Originally published as part of the entry for Zambian, adj. & n.

Zambianize, v. was revised in June 2022.

Zambianize, v. was last modified in July 2023.