Zugunruhenoun
Factsheet
What does the noun Zugunruhe mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun Zugunruhe. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
Entry status
OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.
How common is the noun Zugunruhe?
| 1950 | 0.0092 |
| 1960 | 0.008 |
| 1970 | 0.0075 |
| 1980 | 0.0072 |
| 1990 | 0.0074 |
| 2000 | 0.0072 |
| 2010 | 0.0055 |
How is the noun Zugunruhe pronounced?
British English
Where does the noun Zugunruhe come from?
Earliest known use
1950s
The earliest known use of the noun Zugunruhe is in the 1950s.
OED's earliest evidence for Zugunruhe is from 1950, in Condor.
Zugunruhe is a borrowing from German.
Nearby entries
- zubrowka, n.1916–
- zucarine, adj.a1425
- zucca, n.1818–
- zucchetto, n.1853–
- zucchini, n.1916–
- zuche, n.1358–1676
- Zuckerkandl, n.1910–
- zufolo, n.1724–
- zug, n.1899–
- zugtrompete, n.1978–
- Zugunruhe, n.1950–
- Zugzwang, n.1904–
- zule | zulis, n.1780–
- Zulu, n. & adj.1824–
- Zulu, v.1882–
- Zuludom, n.1867–
- Zulu hat, n.1879–
- Zuluize, v.1852–
- Zulu time, n.1959–
- zumbador, n.1758–64
- zumbi, n.1704–
Etymology
Summary
Meaning & use
- 1950–Migratory restlessness; the migratory drive in birds.
- 1950
Zugunruhe..is the restlessness displayed by caged migratory birds during the migratory period.
Condor May 108 - 1971
The behavior of the four groups was studied in terms of signs of Zugunruhe, or migratory urge, as shown by night activity and by the molt of feathers.
Scientific American April 76 - 1978
The birds were housed under natural photoperiod in an outdoor aviary, and tested only after they showed migratory restlessness (Zugunruhe) in activity cages and exhibited subcutaneous fat deposits.
Nature 13 July 154/1
- Zugunruhe1950–Migratory restlessness; the migratory drive in birds.
Pronunciation
British English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Frequency
Zugunruhe typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
Zugunruhe is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of Zugunruhe, n., 1950–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 0.0092 |
| 1960 | 0.008 |
| 1970 | 0.0075 |
| 1980 | 0.0072 |
| 1990 | 0.0074 |
| 2000 | 0.0072 |
| 2010 | 0.0055 |