zymologynoun
Factsheet
What does the noun zymology mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zymology. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
Entry status
OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.
How common is the noun zymology?
| 1840 | 0.0002 |
| 1850 | 0.0002 |
| 1860 | 0.0002 |
| 1870 | 0.0003 |
| 1880 | 0.0005 |
| 1890 | 0.0009 |
| 1900 | 0.0011 |
| 1910 | 0.0011 |
| 1920 | 0.0014 |
| 1930 | 0.0017 |
| 1940 | 0.0016 |
| 1950 | 0.0015 |
| 1960 | 0.0012 |
| 1970 | 0.0011 |
| 1980 | 0.0011 |
| 1990 | 0.0008 |
| 2000 | 0.0006 |
| 2010 | 0.0006 |
How is the noun zymology pronounced?
British English
U.S. English
Where does the noun zymology come from?
Earliest known use
mid 1700s
The earliest known use of the noun zymology is in the mid 1700s.
OED's earliest evidence for zymology is from 1753, in Chambers's Cyclopædia.
Nearby entries
- zymogen, n.1877–
- zymogenetic, adj.1896–
- zymogenic, adj.1884–
- zymogluconate, n.1887–
- zymogluconic, adj.1886–
- zymogram, n.1957–
- zymohydrolysis, n.1903–
- zymoid, adj. & n.1891–
- zymological, adj.1828–
- zymologist, n.1828–
- zymology, n.1753–
- zymolysis, n.1890–
- zymolytic, adj.1890–
- zymome, n.1820–31
- zymometer, n.1842–
- zymophore, adj.1900–
- zymophoric, adj.1902–
- zymophyte, n.1890–
- zymosan, n.1943–
- zymoscope, n.1868–
- zymosimeter, n.1704–
Etymology
Meaning & use
- 1753–The science of fermentation; that department of chemistry which deals with ferments and their action.Stressed as zyˈmology.
- 1753
Zymology [referring to W. Simpson's Zymologia Physica, 1675].
Chambers's Cyclopædia Suppl. - 1828–32
Zumology.
N. Webster, American Dictionary of English Language
- physical chemistry1743–The branch of chemistry concerned with the interrelation of the chemical and physical properties of matter and the application to chemical systems…
- zymology1753–The science of fermentation; that department of chemistry which deals with ferments and their action.
- pneumatic chemistry1788–A branch of chemistry concerned with the discovery of new gases and the investigation of their properties.
- The science of chemistry and biochemistry in their relation to agriculture, esp. agricultural production, the utilization of agricultural products…
- stoicheiometry1807–The process or art of calculating or determining the equivalent and atomic weights of the elements participating in any chemical reaction; the…
- statical chemistry1809–The part of chemistry dealing primarily with the composition of substances rather than with their reactions.
- electrochemistry1811–The branch of chemistry concerned with the relations between chemical and electrical phenomena, and esp. with reactions occurring at the point of…
- chemical physics1829–(Originally) the branch of chemistry concerned with the physical properties of chemical substances; physical chemistry; (in later use usually) spec.…
- phytochemistry1837–The chemistry of plants and plant products.
- thermochemistry1844–That branch of chemical science which deals with the quantities of heat evolved or absorbed when substances undergo chemical change or enter into…
- actinochemistry1845–The chemistry of actinism; the part of science concerned with the chemical effects of the sun's rays. Cf. photochemistry, n.
- inorganic chemistry1847–That branch of Chemistry which investigates inorganic compounds; the chemistry of mineral substances.
- phytochimy1847= phytochemistry, n.
- biochemistry1848–The branch of science concerned with the chemical substances, reactions, and physico-chemical processes which occur within living organisms…
- microchemistry1853–Originally: chemistry applied to the study of microscopic objects, esp. cells and tissues; histochemistry; the use of the microscope in chemistry…
- palaeochemistry1854–The chemical features of something as they were at some time in the past; the branch of science that deals with these.
- actinology1855–Medicine. The science of the chemical or (esp.) physiological action of sunlight. Cf. actinochemistry, n.
- food chemistry1860–The branch of food science concerned with the chemical composition and properties of foods.
- photochemistry1860–The branch of chemistry that deals with the effects on molecules and their reactions of the absorption of energy from light (or from electromagnetic…
- physico-chemistry1860–Physical chemistry; physics and chemistry.
- zymotechny1860–The art of fermentation (cf. zymurgy, n.).
- anorganology1876–That one of the two great divisions of Natural Science which relates to inorganic objects, and phenomena explicable by mechanical and chemical…
- water chemistry1877–Chemical reactions involving or occurring in water; the chemical composition and properties of water; a branch of chemistry dealing with these.
- kinetics1884–A field of study concerned with the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions or other kinds of process; see also gas kinetics, n.
- structural chemistry1884–The branch of chemistry concerned with the arrangement or order of attachment of atoms in molecules and ions, and with the bonding between…
- stereochemistry1890–That department of chemistry which deals with theoretical differences in the relative position in space of atoms in a molecule, in relation to…
- spectrochemistry1893–The branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical application of spectroscopy, esp. in analysis, and with the interpretation of spectra in chemical…
- cytochemistry1900–The chemistry of cells; the study of this; esp. the study of the occurrence and distribution of biochemical substances and processes within cells…
- radiochemistry1904–The branch of chemistry that deals with radioactive substances, sometimes also including the study of chemical changes produced by ionizing…
- immunochemistry1907–Chemistry as applied to immunology; the chemistry of immunological phenomena; the immunochemical characteristics of an antigen, antibody…
- magnetochemistry1914–The branch of science concerned with the interrelation of magnetism and chemical phenomena, molecular and atomic structure, etc.
- leptonology1917(See quot. 1917.)
- food science1919–The study of the chemical and physical properties of foods and their constituents and of changes that these may undergo during processing…
- surface chemistry1919–The branch of chemistry concerned with the surfaces of solids, or the interfaces between phases, and the chemical phenomena that occur there…
- crystal chemistry1921–The branch of chemistry concerned with the relationship between chemical composition and the structure and other properties of crystalline…
- radiation chemistry1926–The study of chemical changes arising from the action of ionizing radiation; the properties of a substance in this respect; cf. radiochemistry, n.
- leptology1928Used for leptonology, n. rare.
- mechanochemistry1928–The branch of science that deals with the relation between mechanical and chemical phenomena and the interconversion of these forms of energy…
- agrochemistry1930–= agricultural chemistry, n.
- sonochemistry1934–The branch of chemistry concerned with chemical changes caused by or involving ultrasound.
- quantum chemistry1938–The branch of physical chemistry concerned with the explanation of chemical phenomena in terms of quantum mechanics.
- cosmochemistry1940–The study of the chemical properties of the heavenly bodies and of the formation and distribution of elements and compounds in them and in the…
- polymer chemistry1945–The branch of chemistry concerned with the preparation and properties of polymers.
- conductometry1946–The study or science of the measurement of conductivity; the process of such measurement.
- topochemistry1948–The chemistry of reactions as affected by local variations in the structure of the medium on or in which they occur.
- proto-chemistry1962–Early ideas, practices, or other features that anticipated the development of modern chemistry.
- stereology1963–The science of the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional sections of them.
- bioelectrochemistry1964–Electrochemistry as manifested in or applied to biological molecules, systems, and processes.
- biochem1968–= biochemistry, n. 1 Frequently attributive.
- femtochemistry1988–The branch of chemistry concerned with the investigation of the dynamics of bond breaking and bond formation in chemical reactions on a time scale of…
- green chemistry1989–(An approach to) applied chemistry whose aim is to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of environmentally harmful substances in industrial…
- A branch of chemistry concerned with the synthesis of drugs, antibodies, and other compounds by combining a number of starting compounds in a…
- cheminformatics1996–The branch of chemistry concerned with the application of the techniques and data retrieval methods made possible by computer science to chemical…
Pronunciation
British English
U.S. English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Forms
Variant forms
Also †zumology.Frequency
zymology typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
zymology is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of zymology, n., 1840–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1840 | 0.0002 |
| 1850 | 0.0002 |
| 1860 | 0.0002 |
| 1870 | 0.0003 |
| 1880 | 0.0005 |
| 1890 | 0.0009 |
| 1900 | 0.0011 |
| 1910 | 0.0011 |
| 1920 | 0.0014 |
| 1930 | 0.0017 |
| 1940 | 0.0016 |
| 1950 | 0.0015 |
| 1960 | 0.0012 |
| 1970 | 0.0011 |
| 1980 | 0.0011 |
| 1990 | 0.0008 |
| 2000 | 0.0006 |
| 2010 | 0.0006 |