zoopraxography, n.

zoopraxography
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoopraxography_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoopraxographynoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zoopraxography mean?

There are two meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun zoopraxography. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How is the noun zoopraxography pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)prakˈsɒɡrəfi/
zoo-oh-prack-SOG-ruh-fee
/ˌzəʊə(ʊ)prakˈsɒɡrəfi/
zoh-oh-prack-SOG-ruh-fee

#### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊəprækˈsɑɡrəfi/
zoh-uh-prack-SAH-gruh-fee
/ˌzuəprækˈsɑɡrəfi/
zoo-uh-prack-SAH-gruh-fee

### Where does the noun zoopraxography come from?

Earliest known use

1890s

The earliest known use of the noun zoopraxography is in the 1890s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoopraxography is from 1891, in the writing of E. Muybridge.

zoopraxography is a borrowing from Greek, combined with English elements.

Etymons: zoo- comb. form, Greek πρᾶξις, ‑ography comb. form.

### Nearby entries

1. zoophytology, n. 1815–
2. zoophyton, n. 1601–
3. zooplankter, n. 1935–
4. zooplanktivore, n. 1972–
5. zooplanktivorous, adj. 1971–
6. zooplankton, n. 1897–
7. zooplanktonic, adj. 1912–
8. zooplastic, adj. a1855–
9. zoopraxinoscope, n. 1889–
10. zoopraxiscope, n. 1881–
11. zoopraxography, n.1891–
12. zoopsychology, n. 1847–
13. zooscopic, adj. 1817–
14. zooscopy, n. 1891–
15. zoosematic, adj. 1898–1909
16. zoosemiotics, n. 1963–
17. zoosophy, n. 1662–1848
18. zoosperm, n. 1824–
19. zoospermatic, adj. 1845–79
20. zoosporangiophore, n. 1889–
21. zoosporangium, n. 1862–

## Etymology

### Summary

A borrowing from Greek, combined with English elements.
Etymons: zoo- comb. form, Greek πρᾶξις, ‑ography comb. form.
< zoo- comb. form + ancient Greek πρᾶξις praxis n. + ‑ography comb. form, after zoopraxiscope n.

## Meaning & use

Now chiefly historical.

1. 1891–
   a. The branch of knowledge that deals with animal motion. b. A series of photographs of a moving subject, esp. an animal, used to portray sequential motion; cf. zoopraxiscope n.
   1. 1891

      > The science of animal locomotion (zoopraxography).

      E. Muybridge (title)
   2. 1893

      > In the presentation of a lecture on Zoöpraxography the course usually adopted is to project..a series of the most important phases of some act of animal motion.

      E. Muybridge, Descriptive Zoopraxography 2
   3. 1947

      > The science of animal motion (Zoöpraxography) cannot be entirely ignored by artists,..since the advent of instantaneous photography has familiarised the public with the camera's version of animal movement.

      L. Edwards, Reminisc. Sporting Artist xv. 151
   4. 1976

      > Muybridge developed a stage between still photography and motion pictures which he called ‘zoopraxography’.

      Bulletin City Art Mus. St. Louis vol. 12 17/2
   5. 2011

      > The pair charged the public 50 cents..to view their collection of zoopraxography.

      Time Out San Francisco 40
   animals historical
   1. tetrapodology 1764–1860
      A treatise on quadrupeds; the branch of zoology concerned with quadrupeds.
   2. zoophysiology 1803–
      Animal physiology.
   3. animal science 1819–
      (Originally) the branch of natural science or biology dealing with the animal kingdom (= zoology, n. 1) (now rare); spec. (in later use) zoological…
   4. zoochemistry 1835–
      The biochemistry of animals.
   5. animal psychology 1838–
      The study of animal behaviour; ethology.
   6. marine zoology 1840–
      The study of animals living in the sea.
   7. palaeozoology 1843–
      The branch of zoology that deals with extinct and fossil animals.
   8. zoogeography 1851–
      The geographical distribution of animals; the branch of science dealing with this. Cf. biogeography, n., phytogeography, n.
   9. cainozoology 1861–
      (See quot.)
   10. zoography 1869–
       The geographical distribution of animals; the branch of science dealing with this; = zoogeography, n.
   11. ethology 1874–
       Zoology. Originally: the scientific study of the natural history or ecology of animals (now historical and rare). In later use: the scientific…
   12. zoophysics 1887–
       The scientific study of the physical structure of animals; comparative anatomy.
   13. animal behaviour 1888–
       The behaviour of animals; (in later use) esp. the study of this as a branch of zoology (cf. ethology, n. 4).
   14. neontology 1889–
       The branch of biology, esp. of zoology, concerned with extant or recently living organisms, as opposed to fossil or extinct forms. Often contrasted…
   15. zoopraxography 1891–
       a. The branch of knowledge that deals with animal motion. b. A series of photographs of a moving subject, esp. an animal, used to portray…
   16. ethnozoology 1899–
       The traditional knowledge and customs of a people concerning animals; the scientific study or description of this.
   17. behavioural scientist 1940–
       An expert in or student of one or more of the behavioural sciences.
   18. zoosemiotics 1963–
       (In plural with singular agreement) the study of communication through semiosis or the use of signs, within and across animal species.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)prakˈsɒɡrəfi/
zoo-oh-prack-SOG-ruh-fee
/ˌzəʊə(ʊ)prakˈsɒɡrəfi/
zoh-oh-prack-SOG-ruh-fee

### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊəprækˈsɑɡrəfi/
zoh-uh-prack-SAH-gruh-fee
/ˌzuəprækˈsɑɡrəfi/
zoo-uh-prack-SAH-gruh-fee

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

Originally published as part of the entry for zoo-, comb. form

zoopraxography, n. was revised in June 2017.

zoopraxography, n. was last modified in July 2023.