zoidiophilous, adj.

zoidiophilous
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoidiophilous_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 2017

# zoidiophilousadjective

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective zoidiophilous mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adjective zoidiophilous. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How is the adjective zoidiophilous pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzəʊɪdiˈɒfᵻləs/
zoh-id-ee-OFF-uh-luhss
/ˌzəʊɪdiˈɒfl̩əs/
zoh-id-ee-OFF-uhl-uhss

#### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊˌɪdiˈɑfələs/
zoh-id-ee-AH-fuh-luhss

### Where does the adjective zoidiophilous come from?

Earliest known use

1870s

The earliest known use of the adjective zoidiophilous is in the 1870s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoidiophilous is from 1872, in American Journal of Science.

zoidiophilous is a borrowing from Latin, combined with English elements; modelled on an Italian lexical item.

Etymons: Latin zoidia, ‑o‑ connective, ‑philous comb. form.

### Nearby entries

1. zoetrope, n. 1866–
2. zographer, n. 1570
3. zography, n. 1570
4. zograscope, n. 1753–
5. Zohar, n. 1682–
6. zoic, adj. 1863–
7. -zoic, comb. form¹
8. -zoic, comb. form²
9. zoid, n. 1856–
10. zoid, adj. 1864–
11. zoidiophilous, adj.1872–
12. zoidogamous, adj. 1899–
13. Zoilean, adj. 1846–
14. Zoilism, n. 1609–
15. Zoilist, n. 1594–
16. Zoilitical, adj. 1665
17. Zoilous, adj. 1577–
18. Zoilus, n. 1565–
19. zoisite, n. 1805–
20. zoism, n. 1900–
21. zoist, n. 1843–

## Etymology

### Summary

A borrowing from Latin, combined with English elements; modelled on an Italian lexical item.
Etymons: Latin zoidia, ‑o‑ connective, ‑philous comb. form.
< scientific Latin zoidia, plural noun (see note) + ‑o‑ connective + ‑philous comb. form, after Italian zoidiofile (F. Delpino 1870, in Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali vol. 13 168), probably in turn after…
< scientific Latin zoidia, plural noun (see note) + ‑o‑ connective + ‑philous comb. form, after Italian zoidiofile (F. Delpino 1870, in Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali vol. 13 168), probably in turn after anemofile anemophilous adj.

Compare German zoidiophil, adjective (1872 or earlier) and (perhaps after German) scientific Latin zoidiophilae, plural noun (1873 or earlier).

### Notes

Scientific Latin zoidia, which originally only denotes very simple organisms (M. Perty Ueber den Begriff des Thieres und die Eintheilung der thierisch belebten Wesen (1846) 27) is formed < ancient Greek ζῷον animal (see zoon n.) + ‑ιδιον ‑idium comb. form; compare ancient Greek ζῴδιον small figure. It is unclear why this was chosen as the first element, perhaps to distinguish the new Italian word from earlier zoofilo studying zoology (1821), in favour of animals (1839).
In form zooidiophilous with remodelling after zoo- comb. form.

## Meaning & use

Biology.

1. 1872–
   Of a plant, flower, etc.: pollinated by animals. Cf. zoophilous adj. 1.
   1. 1872

      > Delpino has been paying much attention to dichogamous flowers, and to the difference between those fertilized by the wind (anemophilous), or by insects (entomophilous), or by animals of whatever sort zoidiophilous, as he terms them.

      American Journal of Science vol. 103 379
   2. 1896

      > Zoidiophilous. The flowers of most Angiosperms are fertilized by certain animals which visit them.

      University of Toronto Quarterly vol. 3 28 (heading)
   3. 1902

      > Many flowers..which are anemophilous may also be zooidiophilous.

      Encyclopædia Britannica vol. XXV. 435/2
   4. 1903

      > Lemna minor differs from other zoidiophilous plants in that the perianth is greenish.

      L. H. Pammel, Ecology 50
   5. 1973

      > In most of the zoidiophilous taxa..pollen are somewhat larger, thick walled, variously sculptured and sticky.

      Journal Palynology vol. 9 39/2
   plants
   1. anemophilous 1871–
      Of a flower or plant: producing pollen that is dispersed by wind; pollinated by such pollen (cf. wind-pollinated, adj.). Also (of pollination or…
   2. ornithophilous 1871–
      Of a plant: pollinated by birds.
   3. zoidiophilous 1872–
      Of a plant, flower, etc.: pollinated by animals. Cf. zoophilous, adj. 1.
   4. bee-fertilized 1881–
      Of a plant or flower: fertilized by pollen that has been conveyed to the stigma by a bee or bees.
   5. hydrophilous 1883–
      Water-loving. Botany. Of plants, dependent upon water as the agency of pollination or dissemination of seeds; formerly = hydrophytic, adj. (see…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzəʊɪdiˈɒfᵻləs/
zoh-id-ee-OFF-uh-luhss
/ˌzəʊɪdiˈɒfl̩əs/
zoh-id-ee-OFF-uhl-uhss

### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊˌɪdiˈɑfələs/
zoh-id-ee-AH-fuh-luhss

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. 1800s–
   zoidiophilous
2. 1900s
   zooidiophilous

zoidiophilous, adj. was first published in June 2017.

zoidiophilous, adj. was last modified in September 2024.