zeugmatography, n.

zeugmatography
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zeugmatography_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2018

# zeugmatographynoun

## Earlier version

- zeugmatography in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zeugmatography mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zeugmatography. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zeugmatography?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1970 | 0.0044
1980 | 0.0039
1990 | 0.0039
2000 | 0.0039
2010 | 0.0046

### How is the noun zeugmatography pronounced?

#### British English

/z(j)uːɡməˈtɒɡrəfi/
zyoog-muh-TOG-ruh-fee

#### U.S. English

/ˌzuɡməˈtɑɡrəfi/
zoog-muh-TAH-gruh-fee

### Where does the noun zeugmatography come from?

Earliest known use

1970s

The earliest known use of the noun zeugmatography is in the 1970s.

OED's earliest evidence for zeugmatography is from 1973, in the writing of P. C. Lauterbur.

zeugmatography is a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element.

Etymons: Greek ζεῦγματ-, ζεῦγμα, ‑ography comb. form.

### Nearby entries

1. zetta-, comb. form
2. Zeuglodon, n. 1839–
3. zeuglodont, n. & adj. 1850–
4. zeuglodontoid, adj. & n. 1891
5. zeugma, n. c1450–
6. zeugmatic, adj. 1851–
7. zeugmatical, adj. 1610–
8. zeugmatically, adv. 1616–
9. zeugmatogram, n. 1973–
10. zeugmatographic, adj. 1973–
11. zeugmatography, n.1973–
12. zeunerite, n. 1873–
13. Zeus, n.¹ 1587–
14. Zeus, n.² 1601–
15. Zeus-like, adj. & adv. 1850–
16. Zeuxian, adj. 1635–
17. Zeuxis, n. 1577–
18. Zeuxis-like, adj. 1665–
19. zeuxite, n. 1836–
20. zeze, n. 1860–
21. Zhdanovism, n. 1958–

## Etymology

### Summary

A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element.
Etymons: Greek ζεῦγματ-, ζεῦγμα, ‑ography comb. form.
< ancient Greek ζεῦγματ-, ζεῦγμα something used for joining, bond (with allusion to the coupling of the electromagnetic and magnetic fields: see zeugma n.) + ‑ography comb. form.

Compare zeugmatogram n.

## Meaning & use

Physics. Now historical and rare.

1. 1973–
   An imaging technique in which the output is produced by the coupling of two types of field (electromagnetic and magnetic).
   Zeugmatography was an early form of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
   1. 1973

      > Because the interaction may be regarded as a coupling of the two fields by the object, I propose that image formation by this technique be known as zeugmatography.

      P. C. Lauterbur in Nature 16 March 190/1
   2. 1981

      > Nuclear magnetic resonance (or zeugmatography) is looming on the horizon.

      British Medical Journal 7 November 1212/1
   3. 1997

      > Zeugmatography..led to high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

      American Scientist March 181/1
   life sciences physics historical
   1. inoculation 1802–
      Experimental, accidental, or natural introduction of pathogenic infective material or agents into a living organism; an instance of this.
   2. plethysmography 1890–
      The measurement of variation in the volume of the body, or a part of it, esp. as caused by changes in blood pressure; the use of a plethysmograph.
   3. auxanography 1905–
      A method of studying the effects and interactions of various substances in promoting or inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms, by inducing…
   4. subpassage 1907–
      Chiefly Microbiology. The process of transferring microorganisms cultivated in one animal to another, typically in order to alter their virulence…
   5. ultrafiltration 1908–
      The action or process of filtration through a medium sufficiently fine to retain colloidal particles, certain viruses, or large molecules.
   6. enucleation 1909–
      Biology. The extraction of a nucleus from its cell.
   7. deafferentation 1911–
      The action of destroying or interrupting afferent neural connections; loss or functional cessation of such connections; the state resulting from this.
   8. turbidimetry 1920–
      The use of a turbidimeter, esp. for the quantitative analysis of turbid solutions.
   9. microinjection 1921–
      Injection on a microscopic scale, esp. into an individual cell or part of a cell; an instance of this.
   10. post-treatment 1923–
       Treatment carried out after some earlier action or process has been completed.
   11. microincineration 1924–
       A process by which tissue sections are heated to a high temperature to destroy organic matter and facilitate analysis in situ of the remaining…
   12. plasmal reaction 1925–
       A modification of the Feulgen reaction for detecting plasmalogens and aldehydes in tissue.
   13. bursectomy 1928–
       Excision or destruction of a bird's bursa of Fabricius (the site where B lymphocytes are formed), usually done in the egg or soon after hatching in…
   14. priming 1943–
       Biology and Medicine. Treatment used to induce a particular physiological state (usually prior to another treatment or procedure).
   15. superinfection 1947–
       Virology. Further infection (by a different or the same virus) of a cell which is already infected by a virus (as an experimental technique or…
   16. bioengineering 1950–
       The application to biological processes of techniques derived from engineering; (also) the use of any advanced technology, esp. genetic…
   17. superfusion 1953–
       Physiology. The action or technique of passing a stream of liquid over the surface of a piece of tissue, typically in order to maintain the…
   18. hybridization 1961–
       Cytology. The fusion, by artificial means or in artificial cultures, of two somatic cells of distinct types to form a hybrid cell containing the…
   19. sham operation 1963–
       sham operation (Biology), an operation in which an incision is made but nothing is removed, performed on animals of an experimental control group so…
   20. transfection 1964–
       The introduction of free viral nucleic acid into a cell.
   21. transdetermination 1965–
       An alteration of the course of development of an imaginal disc during the culture of Drosophila tissue so that it gives rise to a structure that…
   22. perifusion 1969–
       The action or process of perifusing an organ or tissue.
   23. immunostaining 1970–
       The staining of antigens by labelled antibodies; immunohistochemical staining.
   24. immunolabelling 1971–
       Any technique (such as immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, etc.) that uses antibodies labelled with a marker for the identification and…
   25. immunoperoxidase 1971–
       A technique for identifying antigens in cells and tissues, using antibody labelled with the enzyme peroxidase (or with a complex containing…
   26. zeugmatography 1973–
       An imaging technique in which the output is produced by the coupling of two types of field (electromagnetic and magnetic).
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/z(j)uːɡməˈtɒɡrəfi/
zyoog-muh-TOG-ruh-fee

### U.S. English

/ˌzuɡməˈtɑɡrəfi/
zoog-muh-TAH-gruh-fee

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zeugmatography typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zeugmatography is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zeugmatography, n., 1970–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1970 | 0.0044
1980 | 0.0039
1990 | 0.0039
2000 | 0.0039
2010 | 0.0046

## Compounds & derived words

Sort by

1. zeugmatogram, n. 1973–
   An image produced by zeugmatography.

1. zeugmatographic, adj. 1973–
   Involving or produced by zeugmatography.

zeugmatography, n. was revised in June 2018.

zeugmatography, n. was last modified in July 2023.