zygophorenoun
Factsheet
What does the noun zygophore mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zygophore. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
Entry status
OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.
How common is the noun zygophore?
| 1900 | 0.0012 |
| 1910 | 0.001 |
| 1920 | 0.0019 |
| 1930 | 0.0037 |
| 1940 | 0.0053 |
| 1950 | 0.006 |
| 1960 | 0.0064 |
| 1970 | 0.0062 |
| 1980 | 0.0064 |
| 1990 | 0.0064 |
| 2000 | 0.0049 |
| 2010 | 0.0031 |
How is the noun zygophore pronounced?
British English
U.S. English
Where does the noun zygophore come from?
Earliest known use
1900s
The earliest known use of the noun zygophore is in the 1900s.
OED's earliest evidence for zygophore is from 1904, in the writing of A. F. Blakeslee.
Nearby entries
- zygomere, n.1966–
- zygomorphic, adj.1875–
- zygomorphism, n.1875–
- zygomorphous, adj.1879–
- Zygomycetes, n.1887–
- zygomycetous, adj.1928–
- zygon, n.1886–
- zygonema, n.1911–
- zygoneurous, adj.1901–
- zygophiuran, adj. & n.1892–
- zygophore, n.1904–
- zygophyllaceous, adj.1887–
- zygophyte, n.1885–
- zygopleura, n.1883–
- zygopterid, n. & adj.1900–
- zygosis, n.1880–
- zygosity, n.1952–
- zygosome, n.1905–
- zygosperm, n.1880–
- zygosphenal, adj.1854–
- zygosphene, n.1854–
Etymology
Meaning & use
- 1904–A differentiated hypha in Zygomycetes that takes part in conjugation.
- 1904
In all species of both homo- and heterothallic groups..the swollen portions (progametes) from which the gametes are cut off do not grow toward each other..but arise as a result of the stimulus of contact between more or less differentiated hyphæ (zygophores).
A. F. Blakeslee in Science 3 June 866/1 - 1970
When two compatible strains approach each other aerial club-shaped branches or zygophores develop which show directional growth towards zygophores of the opposite strain. Zygophores of the same strain repel each other.
J. Webster, Introduction to Fungi ii. ii. 116
- capsule1693–Botany a. A dry dehiscent seed-vessel, containing one or more cells, and opening when ripe by the separation of its valves. b. Applied to certain…
- perithecium1800–A flask-shaped or rounded ascocarp with an ostiole, found esp. among pyrenomycetes.
- aecidium1821–Originally: an aecium. In later use: spec. one which is cup-shaped and which is enclosed within a protective membrane; cf. cluster-cup, n.
- hymenium1830–The spore-bearing surface in fungi. In the common mushroom the hymenium covers the gills.
- pseudoperidium1832–A false peridium, spec. that covering the aecium of a rust fungus.
- pseudoperithecium1832–A unilocular structure resembling a perithecium, esp. in fungi of the ascomycete order Laboulbeniales.
- disc1842–Botany. A round and flattened part in a plant. A disc-shaped hymenium of a discomycetous fungus; = discocarp, n. (b).
- trichidium1842–A simple or branched hair-like body which supports the spores in certain fungi, as Geaster.
- spicule1843–One or other of the points of the basidia or sporophores in fungals.
- acetabulum1847Mycology. A cup-shaped receptacle occurring in certain kinds of fungus. Obsolete. rare.
- acrospore1849–Originally: †a stalked antheridium of a moss, liverwort, or other cryptogam (obsolete. rare). In later use: a spore produced at the apex of a hypha…
- sporophore1849–A spore-bearing process or stalk.
- stylospore1851–A name for the naked spores in certain fungals, which are produced at the tips of short thread-like cells.
- pycnide1856–Originally: a fruiting body of certain lichens. Later also: = pycnidium, n.
- cyst1857–Biology and Cryptogamic Bot. A cell or cavity containing reproductive bodies, embryos, etc.; e.g. the spore-case of certain fungi.
- pycnidium1857–In certain fungi (chiefly deuteromycetes): a flask-shaped or spherical fruiting body (conidioma) containing spore-bearing cells.
- basidium1858–Name given to the cells of the fructification in some fungi, which form the ‘gills,’ and bear the spores.
- cystidium1858–One of the projecting cells originating among the basidia of hymenomycetous fungi, and supposed to be sterile basidia.
- basidiospore1859–A spore borne at the extremity of a basidium.
- conidium1861–A unicellular asexual reproductive body occurring in certain fungi. Also in bacteria of the orders Actinomycetales and Chlamydobacteriales, which…
- pollinarium1861–The cystidium of a fungus. Now historical and rare.
- gonosphere1865–The irregular globule formed by the condensation of the protoplasm of the oogonium in certain fungi.
- hymenophorum1866–The part of a fungus which supports the hymenium (cf. hymeniophore, n.)
- spicula1866–In fungi: = spicule, n. 2.
- teleutospore1866–In rust fungi (Pucciniales): a thick-walled resting spore which produces a basidium on germination, often after overwintering; = teliospore, n.
- promycelium1867–The basidium of a smut or rust fungus, a club-shaped structure bearing sporidia.
- gonosphaerium1873–= gonosphere, n.
- hymenophore1875–
- paracyst1875–An antheridium of certain ascomycetes.
- pollinodium1875–The antheridium (male gametangium) of an ascomycete.
- scolecite1875–Botany. The vermiform carpogonium of certain fungi.
- sterigma1875–In fungi: a stalk or filament bearing a spore; often a branch or outgrowth of a basidium.
- uredospore1875–One or other of the peculiar summer spores developed during the uredo stage in rust fungi.
- arthrospore1877–Any of various kinds of spore or spore-like body produced by fungi and bacteria, spec. a fungal conidium formed by segmentation and fragmentation of…
- metuloid1879–A type of cystidium that is lime-encrusted and granular in appearance.
- operculum1879–Botany. The cap of the ascus in certain cup fungi. Also: a cap on the sporangium in fungi of the order Chytridiales.
- uredo1879–A receptacle or hymenium in which uredo-spores are formed. rare.
- aecidiospore1880–A spore formed in an aecidium; an aeciospore.
- pycnidiospore1880–A conidium developed inside a pycnidium.
- uredo-fruit1882–A group of uredospores.
- chlamydospore1884–Botany. A thick-walled resting spore produced by various fungi.
- teleutosorus1884–In rust fungi (Pucciniales): a structure consisting of a group of teliospores (teleutospores) and their supporting hyphae; = telium, n.
- fruitcake1885–98Biology (colloquial). In certain plasmodial slime moulds: a flattened, rounded fruiting body formed by a cluster of sporangia. Obsolete.
- ascocarp1887–The fruit body of an ascomycetous fungus.
- discocarp1887–†a. Botany a fruit-like structure consisting of a number of dry fruits or achenes within a hollow, typically fleshy, receptacle, as in the rose hip…
- periplasm1887–Mycology. In an oomycete, esp. one of the order Peronosporales: the outer portion of the cytoplasm in an oogonium or antheridium. Cf. ooplasm, n. 2.
- pycnogonidium1887= pycnidiospore, n.
- pycnospore1887–A pycnidiospore; (occasionally also) a pycniospore.
- pyrenocarp1887–Mycology. = perithecium, n. (now rare). Also: a pyrenocarpous lichen.
- hymeniophore1890–= hymenophore, n.
- macrostylospore1894–
- autobasidium1895–A basidium that has no septum; an undivided basidium; also called holobasidium.
- oidium1895–A conidium formed by the breaking up of a hypha.
- zygophore1904–A differentiated hypha in Zygomycetes that takes part in conjugation.
- aeciospore1905–A dikaryotic spore of a rust fungus, which is produced in an aecium and in a heteroecious species infects the primary host. Cf. aecidiospore, n.
- aecium1905–A fruiting body produced on the mycelium of a rust fungus at a particular stage in its life cycle (esp., in heteroecious species, that occurring…
- pycniospore1905–A spore from a pycnium; a spermatium.
- teliospore1905–A spore of the rust fungi (Uredinales) which produces a basidium on germination, often after overwintering; a teleutospore.
- telium1905–= teleutosorus, n.
- uredinium1905–A cluster or sorus of uredospores and the hyphæ which bear them.
- uredosorus1905–= uredinium, n.
- fruit-body1911–The part of a fungus that bears the spores and spore-producing organs.
- sporodochium1913–A fungal fructification composed of an exposed mass of conidia overlying a cushion-like layer of short conidiophores.
- probasidium1916–Esp. in a smut or rust: the structure or developmental stage of a basidium (often a teliospore) in which nuclear fusion of gametes (karyogamy) occurs.
- fruiting body1918–Bearing fruit; fruiting body n. = fruit-body, n.; also occasionally applied to spore-producing bacteria.
- pycnium1926–In rust fungi: a flask-shaped fruiting body producing haploid spores and receptive hyphae, which after fertilization results in the formation of…
- holobasidium1928–= autobasidium, n.
- protoperithecium1937–(In pyrenomycetes) a spherical female reproductive structure formed from vegetative hyphae from which trichogynes extend, and which develops into a…
- uredium1937–= uredinium, n.
Pronunciation
British English
U.S. English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Frequency
zygophore typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
zygophore is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of zygophore, n., 1900–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1900 | 0.0012 |
| 1910 | 0.001 |
| 1920 | 0.0019 |
| 1930 | 0.0037 |
| 1940 | 0.0053 |
| 1950 | 0.006 |
| 1960 | 0.0064 |
| 1970 | 0.0062 |
| 1980 | 0.0064 |
| 1990 | 0.0064 |
| 2000 | 0.0049 |
| 2010 | 0.0031 |