zirbal, adj.

zirbal
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zirbal_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2021

# zirbaladjective (& noun)

## Earlier version

- zirbal, a. in OED Second Edition (1989)

## In other dictionaries

- zirbāl(e, adj. in Middle English Dictionary

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective zirbal mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adjective zirbal. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How is the adjective zirbal pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzəːbl/
ZUR-buhl

#### U.S. English

/ˈzərb(ə)l/
ZURR-buhl

### Where does the adjective zirbal come from?

Earliest known use

Middle English

The earliest known use of the adjective zirbal is in the Middle English period (1150—1500).

OED's earliest evidence for zirbal is from before 1425, in Guy de Chauliac's Grande Chirurgie.

zirbal is a borrowing from Latin.

Etymons: Latin zirbalis.

### Nearby entries

1. zippy, adj. 1889–
2. zip tie, n. 1969–
3. zip-tie, v. 1985–
4. zip top, n. 1926–
5. zip-up, adj. & n. 1927–
6. zip wire, n. 1971–
7. zir, pron. 1993–
8. zir, adj. 1993–
9. ziraleet, n. 1794–
10. ziram, n. 1950–
11. zirbal, adj.?a1425–
12. zirbus, n. a1400–
13. zircaloy, n. 1953–
14. zircon, n. 1794–
15. zirconate, n. 1820–
16. zircon blue, n. & adj. 1928–
17. zircon earth, n. 1794–
18. zirconia, n. 1794–
19. zirconian, adj. 1802–
20. zirconic, adj. 1804–
21. zirconite, n. 1806–

## Etymology

### Summary

A borrowing from Latin.
Etymon: Latin zirbalis.
< post-classical Latin zirbalis of or relating to the omentum (14th cent. in a British source; 1363 in Chauliac) < zirbus omentum (see zirbus n.) + classical Latin ‑ālis ‑al suffix1.

## Meaning & use

Anatomy and Surgery. Now historical and rare.

1. ?a1425–
   Of or relating to the zirbus (omentum). Occasionally also as n.: †the zirbus (obsolete). See zirbus n.
   1. ?a1425

      > Of hernia intestinale & zirboale [Latin zirbali].

      translation of Guy de Chauliac, Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med. MS.) f. 6v (Middle English Dictionary)
   2. a1450

      > Of greuauncis of þe..hipis & of þe parties þat proceden fro hem, as of rupture or hernia of þe guttis & of þe zirbal [?c1425 Paris MS. zirbus].

      translation of Guy de Chauliac, Grande Chirurgie (Caius MS. 336/725) (1970) 32 (Middle English Dictionary)
   3. 1547

      > There be .iii. kyndes of ruptures, the fyrst is zirbale.

      A. Borde, Breuiary of Helthe i. f. Cxviiv
   4. a1654

      > For when the Intestines, or Zirbus, doth pass thorow the Peretoneum, then it is either Intestinale or Zirbale.

      N. Culpeper, School of Physick (1659) 210
   5. 2000

      > Berengario as a practical surgeon understands this to mean if the omentum reaches the air: to penetrate merely an interior membrane (as occurs in the zirbal rupture) is not necessarily to putrefy.

      R. K. French, Ancients & Moderns in Med. Science x. 68
   anatomy surgery historical
   1. mesaraic a1400–1883
      = mesenteric, adj.
   2. zirbal?a1425–
      Of or relating to the zirbus (omentum). Occasionally also as n.: †the zirbus (obsolete). See zirbus, n.
   3. mesaraical 1569–1623
      = mesenteric, adj.
   4. meserenical 1578
      = mesenteric, adj.
   5. mesenterial 1605–
      Anatomy and Zoology. Of or relating to a mesentery of a vertebrate (mesentery, n. 1). Now rare.
   6. mesenteric 1615–
      Of, relating to, or affecting a mesentery (mesentery, n. 1), spec. that of the small intestine. Also: = mesenterial, adj. 2 (rare).
   7. mesenterical 1615–
      Mesenteric; mesenterial.
   8. epiploic 1656–
      Of or pertaining to the epiploön or omentum.
   9. omental 1739–
      Of, relating to, or situated in the omentum.
   10. peritoneal 1766–
       Anatomy and Zoology. Of, relating to, or designating the peritoneum.
   11. omphalomesenteric 1797–
       Of or relating to the umbilicus (navel) and the mesentery; spec. designating fetal structures that connect the yolk sac or umbilical vesicle with…
   12. mesocolic 1825–
       Of or relating to the mesocolon.
   13. omphalomesaraic 1826–90
       = omphalomesenteric, adj.
   14. intraperitoneal 1835–
       Situated or taking place within the cavity of the peritoneum.
   15. retroperitoneal 1835–
       Situated or occurring posterior to the peritoneum; of, relating to, or involving the retroperitoneum.
   16. mesogastric 1843–97
       Anatomy and Zoology. Of or relating to the mesogastrium (sense 1). Obsolete. rare.
   17. mesenteriform 1846
       Resembling a mesentery.
   18. pleuroperitoneal 1870–
       Enclosed by the pleuroperitoneum; of or relating to the pleuroperitoneum. Also: of, relating to, or involving the pleura and the peritoneum, or the…
   19. mesoarial 1875
       Of or relating to a mesovarium.
   20. transperitoneal 1891–
       Traversing the peritoneal cavity.
   21. transperitone 1899–
   22. ventriculoperitoneal 1913–
       Involving or connecting a ventricle of the brain and the peritoneum.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzəːbl/
ZUR-buhl

### U.S. English

/ˈzərb(ə)l/
ZURR-buhl

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. late Middle English
   zirboale
2. late Middle English–2000s
   zirbal
3. 1500s
   zirball
4. 1500s–1600s
   zirbale

zirbal, adj. was revised in March 2021.

zirbal, adj. was last modified in July 2023.