zooculture, n.

zooculture
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zooculture_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zooculturenoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zooculture mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zooculture. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zooculture?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1890 | 0.0016
1900 | 0.0014
1910 | 0.0012
1920 | 0.0011
1930 | 0.0009
1940 | 0.0008
1950 | 0.0007
1960 | 0.0002
1970 | 0.00009
1980 | 0.00006
1990 | 0.00005
2000 | 0.00006
2010 | 0.00006

### How is the noun zooculture pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzuːə(ʊ)ˌkʌltʃə/
ZOO-oh-kul-chuh
/ˈzəʊə(ʊ)ˌkʌltʃə/
ZOH-oh-kul-chuh

#### U.S. English

/ˈzoʊəˌkəltʃər/
ZOH-uh-kul-chuhr
/ˈzuəˌkəltʃər/
ZOO-uh-kul-chuhr

### Where does the noun zooculture come from?

Earliest known use

1870s

The earliest known use of the noun zooculture is in the 1870s.

OED's earliest evidence for zooculture is from 1873, in British Medical Journal.

### Nearby entries

1. zoocaulon, n. 1881–
2. zoocentric, adj. 1882–
3. zoochemical, adj. & n. 1844–
4. zoochemistry, n. 1835–
5. zoochlorella, n. 1882–
6. zoochore, n. 1904–
7. zoochorous, adj. 1904–
8. zoochory, n. 1921–
9. zoo-crazy, adj. 1938–
10. zoocultural, adj. 1899–
11. zooculture, n.1873–
12. zoocytium, n. 1880–
13. zoodendrium, n. 1880–
14. Zoodikers, int. 1749–98
15. zoodynamic, adj.?1819–
16. zoodynamics, n. 1888–
17. zooecial, adj. 1873–
18. zooecium, n. 1871–
19. zooerythrin, n. 1871–
20. zooflagellate, n. & adj. 1911–
21. zooful, n. 1914–

## Meaning & use

1. 1873–
   The practice or activity of rearing and breeding domesticated or captive animals; cf. zootechny n.
   1. 1873

      > They are not attained by the evasion of any of the difficulties of marine zoo-culture.

      British Medical Journal 31 May 620/1
   2. 1900

      > That condition of toleration between animals and men which normally precedes domestication, and forms the first step in zooculture.

      Annual Reports Smithsonian Inst. 65
   3. 1991

      > Western colleges of agriculture, or rather zooculture.

      Sewanee Review vol. 99 252
   4. 2015

      > The authors would like to thank Y. Hébert, C. Roussel..and C. Mercier for their technical assistance in zooculture.

      Aquaculture vol. 443 38/2
   agriculture
   1. rearing a1398–
      The action or practice of bringing a person, animal, or (occasionally) plant to maturity or to a certain stage of growth; the breeding and…
   2. nourishing 1615
      The action of nourish, v. (in various senses).
   3. conservation 1646–67
      The action or practice of taking care of and looking after domestic animals. Obsolete.
   4. zoosophy 1662–1848
      The knowledge or study of animals; spec. (a) animal husbandry; (b) the branch of biology concerned with animals and their development; zoology.
   5. culture 1744–
      The rearing or raising of certain animals, such as fish, oysters, bees, etc., or the production of natural animal products such as silk.
   6. cultivation 1791–
      The raising or improvement of animals, fish, etc., esp. for commercial purposes. Cf. culture, n. I.2b.
   7. zoogeny 1826–
      The process of animal reproduction and development; the origin or evolution of animals or animal species. Also: a theory, doctrine, or account of…
   8. zootechny 1841–
      The practice or activity of keeping domesticated or captive animals for any purpose; the science or technology of rearing, handling, and breeding…
   9. stock-keeping 1844–
   10. animal husbandry 1851–
       The branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding and rearing of livestock.
   11. ranching 1851–
       The rearing of cattle on a ranch; stockbreeding. Also: the farming of game, fish, etc., for commercial purposes.
   12. conditioning 1861–
       The act of bringing an animal, etc., into good condition.
   13. zootechnics 1863–
       = zootechny, n.
   14. zooculture 1873–
       The practice or activity of rearing and breeding domesticated or captive animals; cf. zootechny, n.
   15. zootrophy 1877–1901
       The practice of rearing or tending animals. Obsolete. rare.
   16. animaliculture 1879–
       The rearing of animals or livestock as a branch of industry or agriculture.
   17. mothering 1922–
       Agriculture (originally New Zealand). The pairing of a motherless lamb with a ewe whose lamb has died. Also: the pairing of a lamb with its mother…
   18. stockmanship 1959–
       The art of raising or looking after livestock.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzuːə(ʊ)ˌkʌltʃə/
ZOO-oh-kul-chuh
/ˈzəʊə(ʊ)ˌkʌltʃə/
ZOH-oh-kul-chuh

### U.S. English

/ˈzoʊəˌkəltʃər/
ZOH-uh-kul-chuhr
/ˈzuəˌkəltʃər/
ZOO-uh-kul-chuhr

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zooculture typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zooculture is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zooculture, n., 1890–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1890 | 0.0016
1900 | 0.0014
1910 | 0.0012
1920 | 0.0011
1930 | 0.0009
1940 | 0.0008
1950 | 0.0007
1960 | 0.0002
1970 | 0.00009
1980 | 0.00006
1990 | 0.00005
2000 | 0.00006
2010 | 0.00006

Originally published as part of the entry for zoo-, comb. form

zoo-, comb. form was revised in June 2017.