zootoxinnoun
Factsheet
What does the noun zootoxin mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zootoxin. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
How common is the noun zootoxin?
| 1900 | 0.005 |
| 1910 | 0.0049 |
| 1920 | 0.0044 |
| 1930 | 0.004 |
| 1940 | 0.004 |
| 1950 | 0.003 |
| 1960 | 0.0022 |
| 1970 | 0.0018 |
| 1980 | 0.0013 |
| 1990 | 0.0012 |
| 2000 | 0.0011 |
| 2010 | 0.0009 |
How is the noun zootoxin pronounced?
British English
U.S. English
Where does the noun zootoxin come from?
Earliest known use
1900s
The earliest known use of the noun zootoxin is in the 1900s.
OED's earliest evidence for zootoxin is from 1906, in the writing of H. T. Ricketts.
Nearby entries
- zootheist, n.1879–
- zootheistic, adj.1879–
- zoothome, n.1872–
- zootic, adj.1816–
- zootokon, n.1661
- zootomic, adj.1801–
- zootomical, adj.1799–
- zootomically, adv.1849–
- zootomist, n.1663–
- zootomy, n.1663–
- zootoxin, n.1906–
- zootrophy, n.1877–
- zoot suit, n.1942–
- zoot-suited, adj.1942–
- zoot-suiter, n.1942–
- zooty, adj.1942–
- zootype, n.1883–
- zootypic, adj.1853–
- zoowoman, n.1930–
- zooxanthella, n.1882–
- zooxanthellate, adj. & n.1981–
Meaning & use
- 1906–A toxin derived from an animal; cf. phytotoxin n. 1.
- 1906
Other zootoxins.
H. T. Ricketts, Infection, Immunity & Serum Therapy ii. 268 (heading) - 1988
Biotoxins are of two major types: phytotoxins, or plant poisons, and zootoxins, or animal poisons.
B. W. Halstead & J. M. Vinci in A. T. Tu, Handbook Nat. Toxins vol. III. i. 2 - 2015
Snake venom is a highly modified saliva containing zootoxins.
E. M. El-Masry & M. B. Abou-Donia in M. B. Abou-Donia, Mammalian Toxicology xxvii. 633
- toxin1887–A substance that is dangerous or harmful to health or life; spec. one that is present in or secreted by a living organism, and is capable of causing…
- autointoxicant1891–A substance that causes autointoxication; also figurative.
- autotoxin1894–A substance that is toxic to the organism that produces it or to other organisms of the same species.
- sitotoxin1898–Any of various toxic substances occurring in cereal or other vegetable foodstuffs, typically as a result of contamination by a microorganism.
- cytotoxin1900–An antibody or other substance that has a toxic effect on cells; a cytotoxic agent.
- toxon1900–(See quots.)
- tuberculotoxin1901–Any toxin (supposedly) produced by tubercle bacilli.
- autocytotoxin1902–A cytotoxic substance originating within the body; an endogenous cytotoxin.
- nephrotoxin1903–Originally: an antiserum produced by the injection of kidney tissue from one species into animals of another species, which causes kidney disease…
- cholera toxin1904–The toxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, a multimeric protein with two different types of subunit, one of which binds to a specific…
- toxonoid1904–A modification of a toxon, in which the toxic properties are lost; cf. toxoid, n.
- zootoxin1906–A toxin derived from an animal; cf. phytotoxin, n. 1.
- leucotoxin1908–Any substance which destroys leucocytes.
- phalloidin1909–A toxic alkaloid obtained from the toadstool Amanita phalloides; (now) spec. a cyclic oligopeptide, C35H48N8O11S, which is the principal phallotoxin.
- vivotoxin1953–A substance produced in an infected plant and involved in the disease process (see quot. 1953).
- victorin1954–A toxin produced by the fungus Drechslera victoriae, the causative agent of a blight in some susceptible varieties of oats.
- phalloin1959–A toxic alkaloid, C35H48N8O10S, one of the phallotoxins.
- bungarotoxin1963–Each of three neurotoxins isolated from the venom of the elapid snake Bungarus multicinctus; spec. α-bungarotoxin, which binds to acetylcholine…
- pathotoxin1963–A toxin that causes or helps to cause a disease in plants.
- trichothecene1971–Any of a class of sesquiterpenoids based on a tetracyclic ring system C15H22O2.
Pronunciation
British English
U.S. English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Frequency
zootoxin typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
zootoxin is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of zootoxin, n., 1900–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1900 | 0.005 |
| 1910 | 0.0049 |
| 1920 | 0.0044 |
| 1930 | 0.004 |
| 1940 | 0.004 |
| 1950 | 0.003 |
| 1960 | 0.0022 |
| 1970 | 0.0018 |
| 1980 | 0.0013 |
| 1990 | 0.0012 |
| 2000 | 0.0011 |
| 2010 | 0.0009 |