Zolaismnoun
Factsheet
What does the noun Zolaism mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun Zolaism. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
Entry status
OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.
How common is the noun Zolaism?
| 1880 | 0.008 |
| 1890 | 0.0083 |
| 1900 | 0.0084 |
| 1910 | 0.0082 |
| 1920 | 0.0089 |
| 1930 | 0.0082 |
| 1940 | 0.0078 |
| 1950 | 0.0068 |
| 1960 | 0.0058 |
| 1970 | 0.0048 |
| 1980 | 0.0039 |
| 1990 | 0.0035 |
| 2000 | 0.0027 |
| 2010 | 0.002 |
How is the noun Zolaism pronounced?
British English
Where does the noun Zolaism come from?
Earliest known use
1880s
The earliest known use of the noun Zolaism is in the 1880s.
OED's earliest evidence for Zolaism is from 1882, in the Athenaeum.
From a proper name, combined with an English element.
Etymons: proper name Zola, ‑ism suffix.
Nearby entries
- Zoilous, adj.1577–
- Zoilus, n.1565–
- zoisite, n.1805–
- zoism, n.1900–
- zoist, n.1843–
- zoistic, adj.1849–
- zoite, n.1963–
- -zoite, comb. form
- zol, n.1946–
- Zolaesque, adj.1886–
- Zolaism, n.1882–
- Zolaist, n.1886–
- Zolaize, v.1886–
- Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, n.1956–
- Zöllner, n.1890–
- zollverein, n.1843–
- zolotnik, n.1783–
- zombie, n.1788–
- zombie apocalypse, n.1982–
- zombied, adj.1972–
- zombie-esque, adj.1946–
Etymology
Meaning & use
- 1882–A literary style characteristic of the French novelist Émile Zola (1840–1902), whose works are marked by realistic treatment of the rougher sides of human life.
- 1882
A particular form of Zolaism, much in vogue at this moment.
Athenæum 30 December 875/3 - 1886
Set the maiden fancies wallowing in the troughs of Zolaism.
Lord Tennyson, Locksley Hall Sixty Years After 21
society leisure the arts literature literary world [nouns] ideas, etc., characteristic of specific writer- Marlowism1593The blasphemy or atheism of which Marlowe was accused in a number of late 16th-cent. documents.
- Rabelaism1803–65The characteristic style or attitude of Rabelais.
- Johnsonianism1807–An elaborate, literary style of language, speech, or writing, as used by or characteristic of Samuel Johnson, characterized by the use of many…
- Johnsonism1807–A phrase or expression characteristic of, or used by, Samuel Johnson; (also) style of language, speech, or writing characteristic of Johnson (see…
- Boswellism1825–The characteristic manner or style of Boswell as a biographer.
- Swiftianism1826–A piece of writing or an expression characteristic of Swift.
- Walter Scottism1835–An idiom or mode of expression characteristic of the writings of Scott; the ideas, style, etc. of Scott.
- Carlylism1841–The characteristic literary manner or teachings of Carlyle.
- Voltairism1841–The body of opinions or views expressed by Voltaire; the mocking and sceptical attitude characteristic of these.
- Macaulayism1846–An example of the discourse, style, or diction characteristic of Macaulay.
- Voltairianism1848–= Voltairism, n.
- Zolaism1882–A literary style characteristic of the French novelist Émile Zola (1840–1902), whose works are marked by realistic treatment of the rougher sides of…
- Rabelaisianism1886–The characteristic style or attitude of Rabelais or his writings; bawdiness, vulgarity; earthy humour. Also: a Rabelaisian feature or characteristic.
- Brontëism1887–A quality characteristic of the Brontës (see also -ism, suffix affix 2).
- Arnoldism1892–Doctrine, theory, or practice formed after the precepts and example of either Thomas Arnold or his son Matthew.
- Kiplingism1898–Views or opinions or style of expression characteristic of Rudyard Kipling (see Kiplingese, n.).
- Shavianism1905–The tenets or a characteristic saying of G. B. Shaw; (also) a nonce-word in Shaw's writings.
- Menckenism1922–An idiom or mode of expression coined by, or reminiscent of the style of, Mencken.
- Sitwellism1922–The style or behaviour of the Sitwells or their circle (see Sitwellian, adj.); something characteristic or reminiscent of this.
- Pirandellism1925–The theatrical style or method of Pirandello; a theatrical style or method imitating or reminiscent of this.
- Shavianismus1927–= Shavianism, n.
- Proustery1928–Proustian manner or style.
- Wodehousian1931–A character typical of Wodehouse's works, esp. his comic fiction. rare.
- Waughism1934–a. The ideas or style characteristic of Waugh, or those portrayed in his novels; b. a word or expression characteristic of Waugh.
- Snovianism1966–The beliefs or theories of C. P. Snow.
- Orwellianism1967–= Orwellism, n.
- Pinterism1967–A literary device or effect characteristic of Pinter; a laconic or brooding style; the quality of being Pinteresque.
- Orwellism1970–Something characteristic or reminiscent of the totalitarian social and political organization portrayed in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four (1949); spec.…
- Pinterishness1970–
Pronunciation
British English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Frequency
Zolaism typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
Zolaism is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of Zolaism, n., 1880–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1880 | 0.008 |
| 1890 | 0.0083 |
| 1900 | 0.0084 |
| 1910 | 0.0082 |
| 1920 | 0.0089 |
| 1930 | 0.0082 |
| 1940 | 0.0078 |
| 1950 | 0.0068 |
| 1960 | 0.0058 |
| 1970 | 0.0048 |
| 1980 | 0.0039 |
| 1990 | 0.0035 |
| 2000 | 0.0027 |
| 2010 | 0.002 |