zygapophysial, adj.

zygapophysial
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zygapophysial_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 1921; not fully revised

# zygapophysialadjective

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective zygapophysial mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adjective zygapophysial. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

#### Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

### How common is the adjective zygapophysial?

About 0.02occurrences per million words in modern written English

1870 | 0.0059
1880 | 0.0053
1890 | 0.0047
1900 | 0.0044
1910 | 0.0028
1920 | 0.0022
1930 | 0.002
1940 | 0.0016
1950 | 0.0021
1960 | 0.0048
1970 | 0.0098
1980 | 0.015
1990 | 0.017
2000 | 0.02
2010 | 0.025

### How is the adjective zygapophysial pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzʌɪɡəpə(ʊ)ˈfɪziəl/
zigh-guh-poh-FIZ-ee-uhl
/ˌzɪɡəpə(ʊ)ˈfɪziəl/
zig-uh-poh-FIZ-ee-uhl

#### U.S. English

/ˌzaɪɡəpəˈfɪziəl/
zigh-guh-puh-FIZ-ee-uhl

### Where does the adjective zygapophysial come from?

Earliest known use

1870s

The earliest known use of the adjective zygapophysial is in the 1870s.

OED's only evidence for zygapophysial is from 1870, in the writing of George Rolleston, physician and physiologist.

### Nearby entries

1. zwischenzug, n. 1941–
2. zwitterion, n. 1906–
3. zwitterionic, adj. 1946–
4. Zydeco, n. 1949–
5. zygadite, n. 1861–
6. zygaena, n. 1717–
7. zygaenid, n. & adj. 1913–
8. zygaenidan, n. 1837–
9. zygal, adj. 1886–
10. zygantrum, n. 1854–
11. zygapophysial, adj.1870–
12. zygapophysis, n. 1854–
13. zygite, n. 1888–
14. zygnemaceous, adj.
15. zygnemid, n. 1887–
16. zygnomic, adj. 1926–
17. zygo-, comb. form
18. zygobranchiate, adj. 1883–
19. zygocactus, n. 1950–
20. zygocardiac, adj. 1877–
21. zygodactyl, adj. & n. 1831–

## Meaning & use

Anatomy and Zoology.

1. 1870–
   Pertaining to a zygapophysis.
   1. 1870

      > Two oblique zygapophysial surfaces.

      G. Rolleston, Forms of Animal Life 11
   animals anatomy
   1. interspinal 1828–
      = interspinous, adj.
   2. intertransverse 1828–
      Situated between the transverse processes of the vertebræ.
   3. supraspinous 1828–
      Located above or dorsal to the spinous processes of the vertebrae; spec. designating a ligament or series of ligaments attached to the tips of…
   4. supraspinal 1835–
      = supraspinous, adj. 2.
   5. haemapophysial 1839–
      Pertaining to or of the nature of a hæmapophysis.
   6. neurapophysial 1840–
      Of or relating to a neurapophysis.
   7. interspinous 1842–
      Situated between the spines or spinous processes of vertebræ.
   8. parapophysial 1851–
      Of or relating to a parapophysis; of the nature of a parapophysis.
   9. hypapophysial 1854–
      Of or pertaining to a hypapophysis.
   10. postzygapophysial 1865–
       Relating to or of the nature of a postzygapophysis.
   11. anapophysial 1866–
       Of or pertaining to an anapophysis.
   12. zygapophysial 1870–
       Pertaining to a zygapophysis.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzʌɪɡəpə(ʊ)ˈfɪziəl/
zigh-guh-poh-FIZ-ee-uhl
/ˌzɪɡəpə(ʊ)ˈfɪziəl/
zig-uh-poh-FIZ-ee-uhl

### U.S. English

/ˌzaɪɡəpəˈfɪziəl/
zigh-guh-puh-FIZ-ee-uhl

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zygapophysial typically occurs about 0.02 times per million words in modern written English.

zygapophysial is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zygapophysial, adj., 1870–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1870 | 0.0059
1880 | 0.0053
1890 | 0.0047
1900 | 0.0044
1910 | 0.0028
1920 | 0.0022
1930 | 0.002
1940 | 0.0016
1950 | 0.0021
1960 | 0.0048
1970 | 0.0098
1980 | 0.015
1990 | 0.017
2000 | 0.02
2010 | 0.025

Originally published as part of the entry for zygapophysis, n.

zygapophysis, n. was first published in 1921; not fully revised.