Zionwards, adv.

zionwards
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zionwards_adv%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2021

# Zionwardsadverb

## Factsheet

### What does the adverb Zionwards mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adverb Zionwards. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the adverb Zionwards?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1800 | 0.0021
1810 | 0.0032
1820 | 0.0038
1830 | 0.0045
1840 | 0.0055
1850 | 0.0058
1860 | 0.0059
1870 | 0.0054
1880 | 0.0048
1890 | 0.0038
1900 | 0.0029
1910 | 0.0019
1920 | 0.0015
1930 | 0.0013
1940 | 0.0012
1950 | 0.0008
1960 | 0.0009
1970 | 0.0007
1980 | 0.0006
1990 | 0.0007
2000 | 0.0006
2010 | 0.0006

### How is the adverb Zionwards pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzʌɪənwədz/
ZIGH-uhn-wuhdz

#### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪənwərdz/
ZIGH-uhn-wuhrdz

### Where does the adverb Zionwards come from?

Earliest known use

late 1600s

The earliest known use of the adverb Zionwards is in the late 1600s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zionwards is from 1674, in the writing of C. Marshall.

Zionwards is formed within English, by derivation.

Etymons: Zion n., ‑wards suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. Zinoviev letter, n. 1924–
2. Zion, n. Old English–
3. Zion Curtain, n. 1951–
4. Zioner, n. 1681–1760
5. Zionism, n. 1896–
6. Zionist, n. & adj. a1649–
7. Zionistic, adj. 1887–
8. Zionite, n. 1596–
9. Zionless, adj. 1908
10. Zionward, adv. 1647–
11. Zionwards, adv.1674–
12. zip, n.² & adj. 1900–
13. zip, n.³ 1962–
14. zip, n.⁴ 1968–
15. zip, v.¹ 1852–
16. zip, v.² 1964–
17. zip, int. & n.¹ 1678–
18. zip-a-dee-doo-dah, int. & adj. 1945–
19. zip code, n. 1962–
20. zip-code, v. 1962–
21. zip-coded, adj. 1963–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by derivation.
Etymons: Zion n., ‑wards suffix.
< Zion n. + ‑wards suffix.

Compare earlier Zionward adv.

## Meaning & use

Somewhat rare.

1. 1674–
   Towards or in the direction of an idealized place or society (see Zion n. 2a); esp. heavenwards; = Zionward adv.
   1. 1674

      > God Almighty preserve all the Travellers Zionwards to the End.

      C. Marshall, Way of Life revealed & Way of Death Discovered 28
   2. 1861

      > The faces of all are Zionwards.

      J. Edmond, Children's Church at Home xxi. 325
   3. 1984

      > Bro. Alan Plail and Sis. Jocelyn Coombe were united in marriage on May 12, with our best wishes on their united walk Zionwards.

      Christadelphian September 350/1
   1. Zionward 1647–
      Towards or in the direction of an idealized place or society (see Zion, n. 2a); esp. heavenwards; = Zionwards, adv.
   2. Zionwards 1674–
      Towards or in the direction of an idealized place or society (see Zion, n. 2a); esp. heavenwards; = Zionward, adv.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzʌɪənwədz/
ZIGH-uhn-wuhdz

### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪənwərdz/
ZIGH-uhn-wuhrdz

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

See Zion n. and ‑wards suffix.

## Frequency

Zionwards typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

Zionwards is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zionwards, adv., 1800–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1800 | 0.0021
1810 | 0.0032
1820 | 0.0038
1830 | 0.0045
1840 | 0.0055
1850 | 0.0058
1860 | 0.0059
1870 | 0.0054
1880 | 0.0048
1890 | 0.0038
1900 | 0.0029
1910 | 0.0019
1920 | 0.0015
1930 | 0.0013
1940 | 0.0012
1950 | 0.0008
1960 | 0.0009
1970 | 0.0007
1980 | 0.0006
1990 | 0.0007
2000 | 0.0006
2010 | 0.0006

Originally published as part of the entry for Zionward, adv.

Zionwards, adv. was revised in March 2021.

Zionwards, adv. was last modified in July 2023.