zearalenone, n.

zearalenone
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zearalenone_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2018

# zearalenonenoun

## Earlier version

- zearalenone in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zearalenone mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zearalenone. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zearalenone?

About 0.03occurrences per million words in modern written English

1960 | 0.03
1970 | 0.03
1980 | 0.031
1990 | 0.031
2000 | 0.037
2010 | 0.04

### How is the noun zearalenone pronounced?

#### British English

/zɪəˈralənəʊn/
zeer-AL-uh-nohn

#### U.S. English

/ziəˈrɑləˌnoʊn/
zee-uh-RAH-luh-nohn

### Where does the noun zearalenone come from?

Earliest known use

1960s

The earliest known use of the noun zearalenone is in the 1960s.

OED's earliest evidence for zearalenone is from 1966, in a text by W. H. Urry et al.

zearalenone is formed within English, by compounding.

Etymons: zea n., resorcyclic acid lactone, ‑ene comb. form, ‑one suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zealously, adv.?1495–
2. zealousness, n. c1555–
3. zealousy, n. 1542–
4. zeal-pretending, adj. 1652–69
5. zeal-quenching, adj. 1688–1877
6. zeal-scoffing, adj. 1605
7. zeal-transported, adj. a1644–59
8. zeal-worthy, adj. 1797
9. zea maize, n. 1811–
10. zearalanol, n. 1966–
11. zearalenone, n.1966–
12. zeatin, n. 1963–
13. zeaxanthin, n. 1929–
14. Zebedist, n. 1574
15. zebra, n. 1597–
16. zebra caterpillar, n. 1841–
17. zebra crossing, n. 1934–
18. zebra danio, n. 1917–
19. zebraed, adj. 1806–
20. zebra finch, n. 1868–
21. zebrafish, n. 1771–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by compounding.
Etymons: zea n., resorcyclic acid lactone, ‑ene comb. form, ‑one suffix.
< zea n. + ‑ral‑ (< the initial letters of resorcyclic acid lactone) + ‑ene comb. form (indicating a double bond) + ‑one suffix (compare lactone n.).

## Meaning & use

Biochemistry.

1. 1966–
   An oestrogenic compound which is a metabolic product of certain cereal fungi and causes disorders of the reproductive system in poultry and livestock (esp. pigs).
   Zearalenone is a lactone of resorcylic acid. Formula: C18H22O5.
   1. 1966

      > Study of the substance of striking physiological activity isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Gibberella zeae..has shown that it is one of the enantiomorphs of 6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-trans-1-undecenyl)-β-resorcylic acid lactone I... Zearalenone I..gives reactions that indicate it has one olefinic and one ketonic group, and two phenolic hydroxyls and an ester group in a β-resorcylate structure.

      W. H. Urry et al. in Tetrahedron Letters No. 27. 3109
   2. 1978

      > Samples from 2 lots of corn in France suspected of causing infertility, hyperestrogenic signs and feed refusal in swine were analyzed for zearalenone and trichothecenes.

      Experientia vol. 34 1333/1
   3. 1981

      > The phenolic macrolide zearalenone (F-2 toxin) produced by Fusarium graminearum..and other Fusarium species growing on maize, barley and wheat destined for incorporation into animal feeds, is probably one of the most widespread and economically important mycotoxins.

      M. L. Clarke et al., Veterinary Toxicology (ed. 2) viii. 277/1
   4. 2008

      > Zearalenone is only partly decomposed by heat.

      K. A. Scudamore in J. Gilbert & H. Z. Şenyuva, Bioactive Compounds Foods vi. 154
   agriculture fungi organic chemistry
   1. tremellin 1860–
      (See quot. 1868).
   2. phallin 1897–
      Originally: a haemolytic substance (later shown to be a mixture) extracted from the death cap toadstool, Amanita phalloides, and thought to be…
   3. zearalenone 1966–
      An oestrogenic compound which is a metabolic product of certain cereal fungi and causes disorders of the reproductive system in poultry and…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/zɪəˈralənəʊn/
zeer-AL-uh-nohn

### U.S. English

/ziəˈrɑləˌnoʊn/
zee-uh-RAH-luh-nohn

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zearalenone typically occurs about 0.03 times per million words in modern written English.

zearalenone is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zearalenone, n., 1960–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1960 | 0.03
1970 | 0.03
1980 | 0.031
1990 | 0.031
2000 | 0.037
2010 | 0.04

## Compounds & derived words

Sort by

1. zearalanol, n. 1966–
   A growth promoter used in livestock; = zeranol, n.

zearalenone, n. was revised in June 2018.

zearalenone, n. was last modified in July 2023.