Zeelandish, adj.

zeelandish
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zeelandish_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 2018

# Zeelandishadjective (& noun)

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective Zeelandish mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adjective Zeelandish. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the adjective Zeelandish?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1850 | 0.00004
1860 | 0.00003
1870 | 0.0001
1880 | 0.0002
1890 | 0.0002
1900 | 0.0003
1910 | 0.0003
1920 | 0.0003
1930 | 0.0003
1940 | 0.0002
1950 | 0.0001
1960 | 0.0001
1970 | 0.0001
1980 | 0.0001
1990 | 0.0001
2000 | 0.0001
2010 | 0.0001

### How is the adjective Zeelandish pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈziːləndɪʃ/
ZEE-luhn-dish
/ziːˈlandɪʃ/
zee-LAN-dish

#### U.S. English

/ˈziləndɪʃ/
ZEE-luhn-dish
/ˌziˈlændɪʃ/
zee-LAN-dish

### Where does the adjective Zeelandish come from?

Earliest known use

late 1500s

The earliest known use of the adjective Zeelandish is in the late 1500s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zeelandish is from 1593, in a translation by Thomas Danett, historian and translator.

From a proper name, combined with an English element.

Etymons: proper name Zeeland, ‑ish suffix1.

### Nearby entries

1. zebu, n. 1771–
2. zecchino, n. 1572–
3. Zechstein, n. 1798–
4. zed, n. c1175–
5. zedbed, n. 1954–
6. zedoary, n. Old English–
7. zedonk, n. 1961–
8. zee, n. 1580–
9. Zeelander, n. c1400–
10. Zeelandic, adj. 1802–
11. Zeelandish, adj.1593–
12. Zeeman, n. 1897–
13. zeep, n. 1878–
14. zeep, v. 1886–
15. zeeping, adj. 1895–
16. zef, adj. 1990–
17. zegadine, n. 1651–
18. zeilanite, n. 1815–
19. zein, n. 1820–
20. Zeiss, n. 1876–
21. zeitgeber, n. 1958–

## Etymology

### Summary

From a proper name, combined with an English element.
Etymons: proper name Zeeland, ‑ish suffix1.
< the name of Zeeland, the name of a province of the Netherlands (see Zeelander n.) + ‑ish suffix1…
< the name of Zeeland, the name of a province of the Netherlands (see Zeelander n.) + ‑ish suffix1.

### Notes

Compare Dutch Zeelandsch, †Zeelantsch, (now usually) Zeelands (late 16th cent. or earlier), and also Middle Low German zeelandesch.

## Meaning & use

1. 1593–
   Of, relating to, or characteristic of the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands (see Zeelander n.), its people, or its dialect. Also as n.: the dialect of Dutch spoken in Zeeland.
   Cf. Zeelandic adj. (& n.), Zeelander n.
   1. 1593

      > All these Isles are called Voorn, & be in deede Zeelandish Islells [French Isles Selandoises], and were in times past vnder the iurisdiction of Zeland.

      T. Danett, translation of L. Guicciardini, Descr. Low Countreys f. 70
   2. 1625

      > Friselands fattest Fowle, Westphaliaes Lard, Zealandish Salmon.

      W. Crosse, Belgiaes Troubles & Triumphs i. 29
   3. 1653

      > Letters shall bee written to the Commanders of places, where the Zealandish Companies lie.

      translation of L. van Aitzema, Notable Revolutions Netherlands 24
   4. 1778

      > The duke of Clarence, and the earl of Warwick attacked several Hollandish and Zeelandish ships.

      B. Romans, Ann. Troubles Netherlands vol. I. Introduction p. cxi
   5. 1858

      > However high we rate the Hollandish and Zeelandish..influence, others have assigned to it..much wider a range and loftier an elevation.

      J. W. de Peyster, Hist. Carusius 161
   6. 1914

      > This hospitable little province of Zeelandish Flanders is still paying patiently for the support of a large number of Belgian refugees.

      New York Times 6 December 15/5
   7. 1976

      > The heraldic device on its [sc. a warship] stern could be of Zeelandish origin.

      Landscape in Flemish & Dutch Drawings 17th Century (Musées Royaux des Beaux-arts de Belgique) 20/1
   8. 2007

      > Jersey Dutch was based mainly on southern Netherlandish dialects (Zeelandish and Flemish).

      D. C. Major & J. S. Major, Huguenot on Hackensack 215
   9. 2013

      > The island of Goeree-Overflakkee belongs to the Zealandish dialect area but does not show all its characteristic phonological phenomena.

      J. Taeldeman in F. Hinskens & J. Taeldeman, Lang. & Space vol. III. ii. ix. 166

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈziːləndɪʃ/
ZEE-luhn-dish
/ziːˈlandɪʃ/
zee-LAN-dish

### U.S. English

/ˈziləndɪʃ/
ZEE-luhn-dish
/ˌziˈlændɪʃ/
zee-LAN-dish

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. 1500s–
   Zeelandish
2. 1600s
   Zelandish
3. 1600s–
   Zealandish

## Frequency

Zeelandish typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

Zeelandish is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zeelandish, adj., 1850–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1850 | 0.00004
1860 | 0.00003
1870 | 0.0001
1880 | 0.0002
1890 | 0.0002
1900 | 0.0003
1910 | 0.0003
1920 | 0.0003
1930 | 0.0003
1940 | 0.0002
1950 | 0.0001
1960 | 0.0001
1970 | 0.0001
1980 | 0.0001
1990 | 0.0001
2000 | 0.0001
2010 | 0.0001

Zeelandish, adj. was first published in June 2018.

Zeelandish, adj. was last modified in July 2023.