zoogonidiumnoun
Factsheet
What does the noun zoogonidium mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zoogonidium. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
How common is the noun zoogonidium?
| 1870 | 0.0074 |
| 1880 | 0.0092 |
| 1890 | 0.008 |
| 1900 | 0.0071 |
| 1910 | 0.0071 |
| 1920 | 0.0059 |
| 1930 | 0.0033 |
| 1940 | 0.0029 |
| 1950 | 0.0006 |
| 1960 | 0.0003 |
| 1970 | 0.00005 |
| 1980 | 0.00005 |
| 1990 | 0.00006 |
| 2000 | 0.00006 |
| 2010 | 0.00002 |
How is the noun zoogonidium pronounced?
British English
U.S. English
Where does the noun zoogonidium come from?
Earliest known use
1850s
The earliest known use of the noun zoogonidium is in the 1850s.
OED's earliest evidence for zoogonidium is from 1857, in Transactions Microsc. Society.
Nearby entries
- zoogeographical, adj.1864–
- zoogeographically, adv.1883–
- zoogeography, n.1851–
- zoogeological, adj.1841–
- zoogeologist, n.1844–
- zoogeology, n.1838–
- zoogloea, n.1861–
- zoogloeal, adj.1879–
- zoogloeic, adj.1883–
- zoogonic, adj.1787–
- zoogonidium, n.1857–
- zoogony, n.1675–
- zoograph, n.1623
- zoographer, n.1646–
- zoographic, adj.1741–
- zoographical, adj.1651–
- zoographically, adv.1835–
- zoographist, n.1749–1874
- zoography, n.1593–
- zoogyroscope, n.1880–
- zooid, n.1851–
Etymology
Meaning & use
- 1857–(In algae) a motile gonidium.
- 1857
Zoogonidia, which become united after a motile stage, and grow into immotile cells.
Transactions Microsc. Society vol. 5 94 - 1872
Non-sexual propagation taking place by means of motile gonidia (..by some called zoogonidia).
H. C. Wood, Contribution to History of Freshwater Algæ 99 - 1936
Zoogonidia very numerous, biciliate.
A. H. S. Lucas, Seaweeds S. Australia 32
- anthosperm1844–47A small reproductive structure in certain algae; (probably) a tetraspore.
- trichosporangium1857–Plural trichospoˈrangia (also anglicized triˈchosporange) Botany, Thuret's term for the multilocular sporangium of certain fucoid algæ, which…
- zoogonidium1857–(In algae) a motile gonidium.
- octospore1870–Any of a group of eight spores derived from a single progenitor cell.
- macrozoogonidium1880–
- parthenospore1881–A thick-walled spore resembling a zygospore but produced parthenogenetically in certain algae and fungi.
- akinete1884–In certain algae and cyanobacteria: a thick-walled non-motile resting cell or spore, formed asexually without division by the differentiation of a…
- parthenogonidium1885–An algal gonidium; = gonidium, n. 2a.
- parthenosperm1889= parthenospore, n. Obsolete.
- phycobilin1945–Any of a group of tetrapyrrole compounds that are present in some algae as the prosthetic groups of phycocyanins and phycoerythrins. Also: (more…
- phycobiliprotein1966–Any chromoprotein in which a phycobilin is the prosthetic group; a phycocyanin or a phycoerythrin.
- phycobilisome1966–In certain algae: a photosynthetic granule containing phycobiliprotein.
- phycoplast1972–An array of microtubules located in the plane of division during cytokinesis in certain green algae. Cf. phragmoplast, n.
- mesoplast1975–Cell Biology. In algal cells: a type of phycoplast which develops among the remnants of the interzonal spindle after mitosis, and is not associated…
Pronunciation
British English
U.S. English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Forms
Variant forms
Plural zoogonidia.Frequency
zoogonidium typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
zoogonidium is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of zoogonidium, n., 1870–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1870 | 0.0074 |
| 1880 | 0.0092 |
| 1890 | 0.008 |
| 1900 | 0.0071 |
| 1910 | 0.0071 |
| 1920 | 0.0059 |
| 1930 | 0.0033 |
| 1940 | 0.0029 |
| 1950 | 0.0006 |
| 1960 | 0.0003 |
| 1970 | 0.00005 |
| 1980 | 0.00005 |
| 1990 | 0.00006 |
| 2000 | 0.00006 |
| 2010 | 0.00002 |