Zenker, n.¹

zenker
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zenker_n1%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2018

# Zenkernoun1

## Earlier version

- Zenker in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun Zenker mean?

There are two meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun Zenker. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How is the noun Zenker pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzɛŋkə/
ZENG-kuh
/ˈtsɛŋkə/
TSENG-kuh

#### U.S. English

/ˈzɛŋkər/
ZENG-kuhr
/ˈtsɛŋkər/
TSENG-kuhr

### Where does the noun Zenker come from?

Earliest known use

1870s

The earliest known use of the noun Zenker is in the 1870s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zenker is from 1872, in Transactions Clinical Soc. 1871–2.

From a proper name.

Etymons: proper name Zenker.

### Nearby entries

1. zenith-borne, adj. 1865–86
2. zenith distance, n. 1588–
3. zenith line, n. 1585–
4. zenith point, n. 1585–
5. zenith sector, n. 1775–
6. zenith sweep, n. 1790–
7. zenith telescope, n. 1803–
8. zenith tube, n. 1825–
9. zenithward, n., adv., & adj. 1655–
10. zenithwards, adv. 1826–
11. Zenker, n.¹1872–
12. Zenker, n.² 1894–
13. Zen-like, adj. a1908–
14. Zen master, n. 1907–
15. Zenned-out, adj. 1968–
16. Zennist, adj. & n. 1904–
17. zeno-, comb. form
18. zenocentric, adj. 1911–
19. Zenocratically, adv. 1588
20. zenographic, adj. 1853–
21. zenographical, adj. 1853–

## Etymology

### Summary

From a proper name.
Etymon: proper name Zenker.
< the name of Friedrich Albert von Zenker (1825–98), German pathologist…
< the name of Friedrich Albert von Zenker (1825–98), German pathologist.

### Notes

Zenker first described the type of degeneration (sense 1) in his monograph Über die Veränderungen der willkürlichen Muskeln im Typhus abdominalis (1864), and the type of diverticulum (sense 2) in a chapter (co-authored with H. von Ziemssen) in H. von Ziemssen Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie u. Therapie (1877) vol. VII. 51.

## Meaning & use

1. 1.
   1872–
   In the genitive, attributive, and with of, esp. in Zenker's degeneration. Designating a type of degeneration affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle, in which fibres lose their striations and appear uniformly eosinophilic.
   Such degeneration was originally described in cases of typhoid fever, but also occurs in other infectious diseases and as a result of nutritional deficiency, toxin ingestion, etc.
   1. 1872

      > Here and there some of the fibres presented the advanced condition of the waxy degeneration of Zenker.

      Transactions Clinical Soc. 1871–2 vol. 5 214
   2. 1898

      > In Zenker's degeneration the muscular fibres themselves look dull and semi-opaque, and microscopically are found to have lost their striation.

      W. S. Lazarus-Barlow, Manual General Pathology xii. 521
   3. 1900

      > The degeneration of the psoas muscle is quite analogous to the Zenker degeneration seen in typhoid fever.

      Journal Comparative Pathol. & Vet. Arch. vol. 21 751
   4. 1966

      > Other findings in typhoid include..Zenker's degeneration of the abdominal muscles.

      G. P. Wright et al., Systemic Pathology vol. I. xvi. 525/1
   5. 2016

      > Cases were further confirmed to suffer from AM [= atypical myopathy] on the basis of..histopathological findings showing a multifocal process compatible with Zenker's degeneration and necrosis in fibres of postural and/or respiratory muscles.

      Mitochondrion vol. 30 36/2
2. 2.
   1897–
   In the genitive and attributive. Designating a type of diverticulum occurring at the junction of the pharynx and the oesophagus (pharyngo-oesophageal diverticulum).
   This type of diverticulum has also been called pulsion diverticulum, although pressure within the oesophagus is probably only one factor in its development.
   1. 1897

      > Zenker's pressure diverticula arise from pressure from within, which causes a bulging outward of the œsophageal wall.

      B. T. Tilton, translation of H. Tillmanns, Text-book Surgery vol. II. 650
   2. 1932

      > The symptoms of a Zenker pulsion diverticulum depend on the size of the pouch.

      Journal of American Medical Association vol. 98 965/2
   3. 1975

      > A variety of neuromuscular disorders, with or without Zenker's diverticulum.

      Year Book Ear, Nose & Throat 279
   4. 2015

      > The Zenker diverticulum typically arises from the posterior wall.

      D. M. Yousem, Head & Neck Imaging (ed. 4) 142

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzɛŋkə/
ZENG-kuh
/ˈtsɛŋkə/
TSENG-kuh

### U.S. English

/ˈzɛŋkər/
ZENG-kuhr
/ˈtsɛŋkər/
TSENG-kuhr

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

Zenker, n.¹ was revised in June 2018.

Zenker, n.¹ was last modified in July 2023.