Italian< late Latin*sumpōnia, symphōnia (see symphonyn.). Compare Spanishzampoña, Portuguesesanfon(h)a.
Meaning & use
Music.
1740–
A traditional wind-blown bagpipe of southern Italy having two chanters and two drones; also, any wood-wind instrument.
1740
Zampogna, sometimes written Sampogna..is..any instrument that sounds like a Flute and particularly a Bag-pipe, being an assemblage of divers pipes of different sizes.
J. Grassineau, translation of S. De Brossard, Musical Dictionary 343
1786
Zampogna, or Sampogna, the Flute-à-Bec, or common flute.
T. Busby, Complete Dictionary of Music
1826
The peasantry and shepherds from Abruzzo, Calabria, and Apulia,..come from the mountains in their sheepskin dresses, playing on their various instruments, some on the Zampogna, (a kind of bagpipe), others on the Colascione.
M. Kelly, Reminisc. (1975) ii. 30
1876
A rough-toned reed instrument without a bag is also called Zampogna or Zampugna.
J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett, Dictionary of Musical Terms 455/1
1954
Italian pipers..make a practice of coming into the towns at the Christmas season to serenade the images of the Infant Christ, which are set up at the roadside. They also formerly visited Britain as strolling musicians, but they appear to have abandoned this habit many years ago; they were all players of the zampogna.
Grove's Dictionary Music (ed. 5) vol. I. 351/1
1977
It was..good to see no less than two sets of zampognas, from the early 19th century.
Early Musicvol. 5 555/2
1983
Vocalists will be accompanied on such classic Old World instruments as the zampogna.
New York Times 26 June xi. (Westchester Weekly section) 13/1
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.
Vowels
iːfleece
ihappy
ɪkit
ɛdress
atrap, bath
ɑːstart, palm, bath
ɒlot
ɔːthought, force
ʌstrut
ʊfoot
uːgoose
əletter
əːnurse
ɪənear
ɛːsquare
ʊəcure
eɪface
ʌɪpride
aʊmouth
əʊgoat
ɔɪvoice
ãgratin
ɒ̃salon
ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.
Vowels
ifleece, happy
ɪkit
ɛdress
ætrap, bath
ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
ɑrstart
ɔcloth, thought
ɔrnorth, force
ʊfoot
ugoose
əstrut, comma
ərnurse, letter
ɪ(ə)rnear
ɛ(ə)rsquare
ʊ(ə)rcure
eɪface
aɪpride
aʊmouth
oʊgoat
ɔɪvoice
ɑ̃gratin
æ̃salon
ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
gguy
jjay
yyore
chchore
khloch
shshore
ththaw
dhthee
zhbeige
Vowels
atrap
ahpalm
airsquare
arstart
arrcarry (British only)
awthought
ayface
a(ng)gratin
edress
eefleece
eerdeer
errmerry
ikit
ighpride
irrmirror
olot (British only)
ohgoat
oogoose
oorcure
orforce
orrsorry (British only)
owmouth
oyvoice
o(ng)salon
ustrut
uhletter
urnurse
urrhurry
uufoot
Frequency
zampogna typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
zampogna is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.
Frequency of zampogna, n., 1790–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
Decade
Frequency per million words
1790
0.0022
1800
0.002
1810
0.0024
1820
0.0023
1830
0.0024
1840
0.0026
1850
0.0031
1860
0.0027
1870
0.0028
1880
0.0023
1890
0.0021
1900
0.0017
1910
0.0016
1920
0.0016
1930
0.0023
1940
0.0025
1950
0.0027
1960
0.003
1970
0.0031
1980
0.0032
1990
0.0032
2000
0.0026
2010
0.0023
zampogna, n. was first published in 1986; not fully revised.