zoogeography, n.

zoogeography
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoogeography_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoogeographynoun

## Earlier version

- zoogeography in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zoogeography mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zoogeography. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zoogeography?

About 0.07occurrences per million words in modern written English

1860 | 0.0037
1870 | 0.0069
1880 | 0.0081
1890 | 0.012
1900 | 0.019
1910 | 0.024
1920 | 0.055
1930 | 0.063
1940 | 0.074
1950 | 0.086
1960 | 0.091
1970 | 0.089
1980 | 0.089
1990 | 0.067
2000 | 0.068
2010 | 0.06

### How is the noun zoogeography pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/
zoo-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fee
/ˌzəʊədʒiˈɒɡrəfi/
zoh-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fee

#### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfi/
zoo-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fee
/ˌzoʊəˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfi/
zoh-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fee

### Where does the noun zoogeography come from?

Earliest known use

1850s

The earliest known use of the noun zoogeography is in the 1850s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoogeography is from 1851, in a translation by Spencer Baird, zoologist and scientific administrator.

zoogeography is formed within English, by compounding.

Etymons: zoo- comb. form, geography n.

### Nearby entries

1. zooful, n. 1914–
2. zoofulvin, n. 1871–
3. zoogamete, n. 1879–
4. zoogene, n. 1820–69
5. zoogenic, adj. 1842–
6. zoogeny, n. 1826–
7. zoogeographer, n. 1868–
8. zoogeographic, adj. 1875–
9. zoogeographical, adj. 1864–
10. zoogeographically, adv. 1883–
11. zoogeography, n.1851–
12. zoogeological, adj. 1841–
13. zoogeologist, n. 1844–
14. zoogeology, n. 1838–
15. zoogloea, n. 1861–
16. zoogloeal, adj. 1879–
17. zoogloeic, adj. 1883–
18. zoogonic, adj. 1787–
19. zoogonidium, n. 1857–
20. zoogony, n. 1675–
21. zoograph, n. 1623

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by compounding.
Etymons: zoo- comb. form, geography n.
< zoo- comb. form + geography n.

Compare French zoogéographie (1845 or earlier).

Compare slightly earlier phytogeography n.

## Meaning & use

1. 1851–
   The geographical distribution of animals; the branch of science dealing with this. Cf. biogeography n., phytogeography n.
   1. 1851

      > Zoogeography, or the geographical distribution of animals [German die geographische Verbreitung der Thiere], teaches the circumstance and positions under which animals occur.

      S. F. Baird, translation of J. G. Heck, Iconographic Encyclopedia vol. II. Zool. 7
   2. 1896

      > The inclusion of Irish habitats would have been of value in the study of zoogeography.

      Naturalist 80
   3. 1907

      > This leads us, then, to the consideration of the comparative importance of the various classes of animals as aids to historical zoogeography.

      R. F. Scharff, European Animals i. 7
   4. 1967

      > The distribution of the mosquitos of Tanganyika in relation to zoogeography and climate.

      Bulletin of Entomological Research vol. 57 215 (heading)
   5. 2004

      > Wallace also did pioneering work in zoogeography.

      B. Bunch & A. Hellemans, History of Science & Technology 352
   animals
   1. tetrapodology 1764–1860
      A treatise on quadrupeds; the branch of zoology concerned with quadrupeds.
   2. zoophysiology 1803–
      Animal physiology.
   3. animal science 1819–
      (Originally) the branch of natural science or biology dealing with the animal kingdom (= zoology, n. 1) (now rare); spec. (in later use) zoological…
   4. zoochemistry 1835–
      The biochemistry of animals.
   5. animal psychology 1838–
      The study of animal behaviour; ethology.
   6. marine zoology 1840–
      The study of animals living in the sea.
   7. palaeozoology 1843–
      The branch of zoology that deals with extinct and fossil animals.
   8. zoogeography 1851–
      The geographical distribution of animals; the branch of science dealing with this. Cf. biogeography, n., phytogeography, n.
   9. cainozoology 1861–
      (See quot.)
   10. zoography 1869–
       The geographical distribution of animals; the branch of science dealing with this; = zoogeography, n.
   11. ethology 1874–
       Zoology. Originally: the scientific study of the natural history or ecology of animals (now historical and rare). In later use: the scientific…
   12. zoophysics 1887–
       The scientific study of the physical structure of animals; comparative anatomy.
   13. animal behaviour 1888–
       The behaviour of animals; (in later use) esp. the study of this as a branch of zoology (cf. ethology, n. 4).
   14. neontology 1889–
       The branch of biology, esp. of zoology, concerned with extant or recently living organisms, as opposed to fossil or extinct forms. Often contrasted…
   15. zoopraxography 1891–
       a. The branch of knowledge that deals with animal motion. b. A series of photographs of a moving subject, esp. an animal, used to portray…
   16. ethnozoology 1899–
       The traditional knowledge and customs of a people concerning animals; the scientific study or description of this.
   17. behavioural scientist 1940–
       An expert in or student of one or more of the behavioural sciences.
   18. zoosemiotics 1963–
       (In plural with singular agreement) the study of communication through semiosis or the use of signs, within and across animal species.
   View in Historical Thesaurus
   1. animalization 1840
      The relative numbers of different animals. Obsolete. rare.
   2. zoogeography 1851–
      The geographical distribution of animals; the branch of science dealing with this. Cf. biogeography, n., phytogeography, n.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/
zoo-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fee
/ˌzəʊədʒiˈɒɡrəfi/
zoh-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fee
/ˌzuː(ə)ˈdʒɒɡrəfi/
zoo-uh-JOG-ruh-fee
/ˌzəʊəˈdʒɒɡrəfi/
zoh-uh-JOG-ruh-fee

### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfi/
zoo-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fee
/ˌzoʊəˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfi/
zoh-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fee

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. 1800s–
   zoogeography, zoögeography

## Frequency

zoogeography typically occurs about 0.07 times per million words in modern written English.

zoogeography is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoogeography, n., 1860–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1860 | 0.0037
1870 | 0.0069
1880 | 0.0081
1890 | 0.012
1900 | 0.019
1910 | 0.024
1920 | 0.055
1930 | 0.063
1940 | 0.074
1950 | 0.086
1960 | 0.091
1970 | 0.089
1980 | 0.089
1990 | 0.067
2000 | 0.068
2010 | 0.06

## Compounds & derived words

Sort by

1. palaeozoogeography, n. 1958–
   The branch of science that deals with the former…

zoogeography, n. was revised in June 2017.

zoogeography, n. was last modified in July 2023.