zoonerythrin, n.

zoonerythrin
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoonerythrin_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoonerythrinnoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zoonerythrin mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zoonerythrin. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zoonerythrin?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1890 | 0.0005
1900 | 0.0014
1910 | 0.0012
1920 | 0.001
1930 | 0.0008
1940 | 0.0008
1950 | 0.0008
1960 | 0.0007
1970 | 0.00008
1980 | 0.00007
1990 | 0.00003
2000 | 0.00003
2010 | 0.00001

### How is the noun zoonerythrin pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)nᵻˈrɪθrɪn/
zoo-oh-nuh-RITH-rin
/ˌzuːɒnᵻˈrɪθrɪn/
zoo-on-uh-RITH-rin

#### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊənəˈrɪθrən/
zoh-uh-nuh-RITH-ruhn
/ˌzuənəˈrɪθrən/
zoo-uh-nuh-RITH-ruhn

### Where does the noun zoonerythrin come from?

Earliest known use

1880s

The earliest known use of the noun zoonerythrin is in the 1880s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoonerythrin is from 1882, in Bulletin Nuttall Ornithol. Club.

### Nearby entries

1. zoomorphizing, n. 1895–
2. zoomorphosed, adj. 1955–
3. zoom shot, n. 1930–
4. zoomy, adj. 1931–
5. zoomythic, adj. 1889–
6. zoon, n. 1851–1905
7. zoon, v. 1880–
8. zoon, int. 1863–
9. -zoon, comb. form
10. zoonate, n. 1798–1857
11. zoonerythrin, n.1882–
12. zoonic, adj. 1798–1853
13. zooning, n. 1885–
14. Zoonist, adj. 1890–97
15. zoonite, n. 1838–
16. zoonitic, adj. 1860–91
17. zoonomic, adj. 1836–
18. zoonomical, adj. 1800–
19. zoonomist, n. 1800–99
20. zoonomy, n. 1800–
21. zoonosis, n. 1873–

## Etymology

Alteration of zooerythrin n., with insertion of n, probably for euphony; perhaps influenced by association with zoon n.

## Meaning & use

Now disused.

1. 1882–
   A red carotenoid pigment found animals, esp. in the plumage of certain birds; = zooerythrin n.
   1. 1882

      > Zoönerythrin, another red pigment of much wider distribution, is found in red feathers.

      Bulletin Nuttall Ornithol. Club vol. 7 115
   2. 1883

      > Three different substances have been found in the red and yellow feathers of birds, to which have been given the names Turacin, Zoonerythrin, and Zoofuloin.

      Annual Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1881 476 in U.S. Congressional Serial Set (47th Congr., 1st Sess.: Senate Misc. Doc. 109) vol. II
   3. a1933

      > The lobster has a second pigment, quite apart from zoönerythrin.

      J. A. Thomson, Biology for Everyman (1934) vol. I. xi. 226
   birds invertebrates disused
   1. zooerythrin 1871–
      A red carotenoid pigment found animals, esp. in the plumage of certain birds.
   2. zoofulvin 1871–
      A yellow carotenoid pigment (xanthophyll) found in the plumage of certain birds.
   3. zoonerythrin 1882–
      A red carotenoid pigment found animals, esp. in the plumage of certain birds; = zooerythrin, n.
   View in Historical Thesaurus
   1. zooerythrin 1871–
      A red carotenoid pigment found animals, esp. in the plumage of certain birds.
   2. zoonerythrin 1882–
      A red carotenoid pigment found animals, esp. in the plumage of certain birds; = zooerythrin, n.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)nᵻˈrɪθrɪn/
zoo-oh-nuh-RITH-rin
/ˌzuːɒnᵻˈrɪθrɪn/
zoo-on-uh-RITH-rin
/ˌzəʊə(ʊ)nᵻˈrɪθrɪn/
zoh-oh-nuh-RITH-rin
/ˌzəʊɒnᵻˈrɪθrɪn/
zoh-on-uh-RITH-rin

### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊənəˈrɪθrən/
zoh-uh-nuh-RITH-ruhn
/ˌzuənəˈrɪθrən/
zoo-uh-nuh-RITH-ruhn

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zoonerythrin typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zoonerythrin is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoonerythrin, n., 1890–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1890 | 0.0005
1900 | 0.0014
1910 | 0.0012
1920 | 0.001
1930 | 0.0008
1940 | 0.0008
1950 | 0.0008
1960 | 0.0007
1970 | 0.00008
1980 | 0.00007
1990 | 0.00003
2000 | 0.00003
2010 | 0.00001

Originally published as part of the entry for zoo-, comb. form

zoo-, comb. form was revised in June 2017.