Zouavenoun
Factsheet
What does the noun Zouave mean?
There are four meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun Zouave. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
Zouave has developed meanings and uses in subjects including
Entry status
OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.
How common is the noun Zouave?
| 1840 | 0.86 |
| 1850 | 0.87 |
| 1860 | 0.83 |
| 1870 | 0.94 |
| 1880 | 0.89 |
| 1890 | 0.64 |
| 1900 | 0.52 |
| 1910 | 0.44 |
| 1920 | 0.38 |
| 1930 | 0.33 |
| 1940 | 0.26 |
| 1950 | 0.22 |
| 1960 | 0.19 |
| 1970 | 0.17 |
| 1980 | 0.16 |
| 1990 | 0.15 |
| 2000 | 0.15 |
| 2010 | 0.16 |
How is the noun Zouave pronounced?
British English
U.S. English
Where does the noun Zouave come from?
Earliest known use
1840s
The earliest known use of the noun Zouave is in the 1840s.
OED's earliest evidence for Zouave is from 1848, in a translation by W. K. Kelly.
Zouave is a borrowing from French.
Nearby entries
- Zoroastrianism, n.1832–
- Zoroastrianize, v.1891–
- Zoroastric, adj.a1739–
- Zoroastrism, n.1819–
- zorrino, n.1885–
- zorro, n.1838–
- zos-grass, n.1937–
- zoster, n.1601–
- zostera, n.1819–
- zosterops, n.1867–
- Zouave, n.1848–
- zouk, n.1986–
- zounds, v.1680
- zounds, int.a1593–
- Zou-Zou, n.1860–
- zowie, int.1902–
- zoysia, n.1965–
- ZPG, n.1970–
- Zr, n.1814–
- zubr, n.1763–
- zubrowka, n.1916–
Etymology
Summary
Meaning & use
- 1.a.1848–One of a body of light infantry in the French army, originally recruited from the Algerian Kabyle tribe of Zouaoua, but afterwards composed of French soldiers distinguished for their physique and dash, and formerly retaining the original North African uniform.
- [1830
The whole of the native warriors called the Zouavi.
translation of E. Blaquiere's Sig. Pananti (ed. 2) 56] - 1848
The Zouaves were standing on the breach.
W. K. Kelly, translation of L. Blanc, History of Ten Years vol. II. 520 - 1858
Zouaves with turbans, long mantles, and bronzed, half-Moorish faces.
N. Hawthorne, Journal 8 January in French & Italian Notebooks (1980) i. 14 - 1897
In January, 1863, the French general Forey laid siege to Puebla... In one of the many assaults on the corner held by Diaz the zouaves broke into the first court-yard of his stronghold.
Harper's Magazine April 752/1
figurative- 1858
Those sciences which might be called the light infantry of progress, the Zouaves of thought.
H. W. Beecher & E. D. Proctor, Life Thoughts 221 - 1903
The ‘Physical Force’ agitators were the Zouaves of Carlton House.
Speaker 30 May 210/2
attributive- 1863
The orderly disorder of a Zouave march.
E. Dicey, Six Months in Federal States vol. II. 7
- spahi1562–A horseman forming one of a body of cavalry which formerly constituted an important part of the Turkish army and was to some extent organized on a…
- legionnaire1595–A member of a legion; esp. (frequently with capital initial) a member of a named legion, as the American Legion, the Royal British Legion, or the…
- strelitz1603–A soldier belonging to a body of Russian troops composed of infantry raised by the Tsar Ivan the Terrible (1533–84) and abolished by Peter the…
- Croat1623–A member of any of various light cavalry regiments composed (originally or primarily) of Croats. Now historical.
- deli1667–A member of a former light cavalry unit within the Turkish infantry that served as the vizier's personal retinue and acted as a shock troop.
- Croatian1700A native or inhabitant of Croatia, a country in south-eastern Europe on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea; (in some historical contexts) a member…
- lancer1712A (cavalry) soldier armed with a lance; now only, a soldier belonging to one of certain regiments officially called Lancers.
- highlander1725–Chiefly with capital initial. Military. A member of a Highland regiment or other military unit originally composed of Highlanders (sense 1a) or…
- lambs1744–plural. The name given to the proverbially cruel and rapacious soldiers of Col. Kirke's regiment in 1684–6, in ironical allusion to the device of…
- royals1762–In plural. The members of the former Royal Scots Regiment of the British army.
- light-bob1778–(A nickname for) a soldier in a light infantry company. Also in plural with the and capital initial: (a nickname for) a particular regiment of the…
- fly-slicer1785–(See quot.).
- Life Guardsman1785–A soldier belonging to the Life Guards.
- royals?1795–In plural. The members of the former Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons) regiment of the British army. Now historical except in Blues and Royals n. at blue…
- Hottentot1796–South African. A member of the Hottentot Corps (later the Cape Corps), a military corps of Khoekhoe soldiers; spec. = pandour, n. 2. Now historical.
- yeoman1798–spec. A member of the (Imperial) Yeomanry: see yeomanry, n. I.3.
- pandour1800–South African. A member of a chiefly Khoekhoe regiment established in 1793 by the Dutch East India Company for the defence of the Cape of Good…
- Faugh-a-Ballaghsc1811–In plural, the nickname of the Royal Irish Fusiliers (formerly the 87th Foot). Also elliptical, as Faughs n.
- forty-two man1816–attributive in forty-two man n., a man of the 42nd regiment.
- kilty1842–One who wears a kilt; esp. a nickname for a Highland soldier. Also, attributive and as adj.
- Zouave1848–One of a body of light infantry in the French army, originally recruited from the Algerian Kabyle tribe of Zouaoua, but afterwards composed of French…
- bumblerc1850English regional (north-eastern) disparaging. A member of the Newcastle Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry (see yeomanry, n. I.3). Obsolete.
- Inniskilliner1853–A member of the Inniskilling regiment.
- turco1853–An Algerian soldier serving in the French army. Cf. Zouave, n. 1a.
- blue cap1857–Military slang (now historical). Originally: a soldier belonging to the Royal Madras Fusiliers; (later) a soldier belonging to the Royal Dublin…
- Zou-Zou1860–= Zouave, n. 1.
- Cape boy1878–A man or boy of mixed ethnic descent (cf. coloured, adj. A.I.3d) born or living in the Western Cape of South Africa; spec. a member of a force of… Now offensive except in the specific historical military senses (see also sense 2); cf. boy, n.¹ A.1c.
- mudlark1878–colloquial. Chiefly in plural. (A nickname for) a soldier of the Royal Engineers.
- king's man1883–British Army. Now usually as one word. Originally: a member of the King's Regiment (now historical). In later use usually spec.: (a title for) a…
- Johnny1888–In specific uses. Sometimes as an abbreviation of the fuller names treated at compounds C.1. British slang (originally and chiefly Military). (A…
- Piffer1892–A member of the Punjab Irregular Frontier Force, a military unit raised in 1849 chiefly for the purpose of controlling the North-West Frontier of…
- Johnny Gurkha1894–(A generic name for) a Gurkha; Gurkhas collectively.
- evzone1897–A member of a select infantry regiment in the Greek army, originally recruited from the Greek highlands and conspicuous for their uniform which…
- horse gunner1897–A member of the Royal Horse Artillery.
- fair dink1905–Used (as a question) to express surprise or doubt, and solicit confirmation. Also used conversationally to emphasize the truthfulness or sincerity…
- army ranger1910–(Originally) a member of the army engaged in protective or non-combat duties in a particular area (cf. ranger, n.¹ 5a); (now) spec. a member of…
- grognard1912–A soldier of Napoleon's Old Guard. Also transferred, a veteran soldier.
- Jock1914–slang. (A nickname for) a Scottish person, esp. a Scottish man. Frequently spec.: a Scottish soldier; a member of a Scottish regiment. Occasionally…
- chocolate soldier1915–Australian (originally disparaging). In the First World War (1914–18): a soldier in the 8th Infantry Brigade of the Australian Imperial Force…
- Cook's tourist1915–Military slang (usually disparaging or derogatory). A member of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps expeditionary force in the First World War…
- dinks1916–In plural with the. In the First World War (1914–18): the New Zealand Rifle Brigade.
- dinkum1916–An Australian or New Zealand soldier in the First World War (1914–18); an Anzac; spec. (frequently in plural, with the) a member of either the…
- Anzaca1918–A member of any later combined Australian and New Zealand force, esp. one of those active in the First World War (1914–18) or Second World War…
- choc1917–Australian (originally disparaging). In the First World War (1914–18): a soldier in the 8th Infantry Brigade of the Australian Imperial Force…
- ranger1942–Chiefly U.S. With capital initial. A member of an elite American military unit specially trained for close combat and raiding; = commando, n. 3a.
- Chindit1943–A member of an Allied force fighting behind Japanese lines in Burma (Myanmar) during the Second World War (1939–45).
- Desert Rat1944–A soldier of the 7th (British) armoured division, whose divisional sign was the figure of a jerboa, and which took part in the desert campaign in…
- Green Beret1949–A member of one of the special operations forces having a green beret as part of their uniform, esp. those in the British Army (the Commandos)…
- blue beret1958–(Chiefly in plural) a member of a United Nations peacekeeping force, having a blue beret as part of their uniform; cf. blue helmet, n.
- Black Beret1966–Chiefly in plural a. a member of any of various elite military units having a black beret as part of their uniform; b. a member of any of various…
- 1.b.1864–(Also Papal Zouave or Pontifical Zouave.) One of a corps of French soldiers organized at Rome in 1860 for the defence of the pope, and disbanded in 1871.
- 1864
Some hundreds of the Pontifical Zouaves, chiefly French and Belgian,..were seen at St. Peter's.
Manning in A. Reinaud, Abbé-Zouave Preface p. ix - 1868
When he returned to Rome to join the Zouaves.
translation of Cardella's J. W. Russell 38
- Yeoman of the Guard1485–Yeoman of the Guard: a member of the bodyguard of the sovereign of England (first appointed at the accession of Henry VII, and originally archers)…
- solak1520–(See quots.)
- janissary1529–One of a former body of Turkish infantry, constituting the Sultan's guard and the main part of the standing army. The body was first organized in…
- praetorian1592–Roman History. A soldier of the Praetorian Guard.
- trabant1617–In some European countries, a life-guard, an armed attendant, a satellite. Now chiefly Historical.
- beefeater1671–Popular appellation of the Yeomen of the Guard, in the household of the Sovereign of Great Britain, instituted at the accession of Henry VII in…
- bostangi1686–A Turkish guard of the palace.
- mousquetaire1706–A French soldier armed with a musket, a French musketeer; (French History, usually with capital initial) a member of either of two bodies (called…
- drabant1707–A halberdier; spec. a soldier of the body-guard of the kings of Sweden.
- protector1781–Roman History. In the later Roman Empire: a member of a particular corps of staff officers, nominally functioning as an imperial bodyguard.
- Varangian1788–One of the Scandinavian rovers who in the 9th and 10th centuries overran parts of Russia and reached Constantinople; a Northman (latterly also an…
- Papal Zouave1864–(Also Papal Zouave or Pontifical Zouave.) One of a corps of French soldiers organized at Rome in 1860 for the defence of the pope, and disbanded in…
- greenfinch1865slang. A member of the Pope's Irish guard. Obsolete. rare.
- 1.c.1860–A soldier of any of several volunteer regiments, assuming the name and in part the uniform of the French Zouaves, which served on the side of the North in the American Civil War (1861–5).
- 1860
The gallant Zouaves..attracted much attention and admiration by their fine appearance and exact drills.
Press & Tribune (Chicago) 23 February 1/4 - 1861
Reinforcements were sent from here last night, the New Orleans Zouaves.
J. Chesnut, Letter 12 June in C. V. Woodward, Mary Chesnut's Civil War (1981) v. 81 - 1865
In the beginning, when the Yankee Zouaves were young and hopeful.
G. A. Sala, My Diary in America vol. I. 292
- Jersey blue1758–a. A colonial New Jersey soldier (so called from his blue uniform); b. a native or inhabitant of New Jersey; c. a breed of chicken.
- shirtman1775–A colonial rifleman during the American War of Independence.
- Yorker1776–An inhabitant or a soldier of New York.
- buckskin1783–1835A nickname of the American troops during the Revolutionary war; (hence) a person born in America. Also attributive.
- Indian fighter1824–A person, esp. a soldier, noted for fighting North American Indigenous people.
- blue belly1827–Originally and chiefly U.S. regional (southern). Usually derogatory. A blue-bellied person (blue-bellied, adj. 1), one regarded as low, contemptible, or cowardly; spec. (a) a northerner; (b) a northern soldier…
- greyback1854–A member of a military or police force whose uniform includes, or consists of, a grey coat; spec. (U.S. colloquial) a soldier of the Confederate army…
- Zouave1860–A soldier of any of several volunteer regiments, assuming the name and in part the uniform of the French Zouaves, which served on the side of the…
- Zou-Zou1860–= Zouave, n. 1.
- greycoat1861–A member of a military or police force whose uniform includes, or consists of, a grey coat; spec. (U.S.) a soldier of the Confederate army in the…
- grey1862–U.S. The grey uniform of Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War (1861–5). Hence also: a Confederate soldier. Cf. greyback, n. 2, blue, n.…
- Johnny1862–In specific uses. Sometimes as an abbreviation of the fuller names treated at compounds C.1. U.S. Among Unionist soldiers in the American Civil War…
- Johnny Reb1862–(A generic name for) a member of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War (1861–5); (also) Confederate troops collectively (now histo…
- blue1870–A person in a blue uniform. Usually in plural and with capital initial: any of various soldiers distinguished by the wearing of blue; spec. (a) a…
- blue coat1885–Now usually in form bluecoat. A person whose uniform includes or is distinguished by a blue coat. A soldier wearing a blue coat; spec. a soldier…
- dogface1932–U.S. slang. A soldier, esp. an infantryman, in the U.S. army.
- 2.1859–(In full, Zouave jacket, Zouave bodice.) A woman's short embroidered jacket or bodice, with or without sleeves, resembling the jacket of the Zouave uniform.
- 1859
One of the most decided novelties of the present season is the Zouave jacket.
Ladies' Treas. September 285/1 - 1859
Nothing can be prettier for the interior than the little oriental jackets which we call to-day Zouaves.
Ladies' Cabinet December 335/1 - 1893
Zouave Bodices are a feature of autumn gowns.
Lady 17 August 178/1
the world textiles and clothing clothing types or styles of clothing clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) [nouns] bodice other- corset1299–A close-fitting body-garment; esp. a laced bodice worn as an outside garment by women in the middle ages and still in many countries; also a…
- overbody1535–1845A bodice; a tunic.
- jupon1542–95A short kirtle worn by women. Cf. jup, n., jupe, n. 2. Obsolete.
- half shirt1578–A shirt of shorter than normal length; spec. (a) a day shirt, as opposed to the longer nightshirt; (b) a short shirt worn underneath a longer…
- jup1603–71A woman's jacket or bodice. Cf. jupe, n. 2.
- Pierrot?1789–1882A kind of sleeved, close-fitting jacket or bodice, worn by women in the late 18th cent., having a low neck and basques extending slightly below the…
- chemisette1796–A bodice resembling the upper part of a chemise (chemise, n. 1a).
- spencer1799–A kind of close-fitting jacket or bodice commonly worn by women and children early in the 19th century, and since revived.
- jupe1810–Scottish. A woman's jacket, kirtle, or bodice. Also plural a kind of bodice or stays.
- jelick1816–A vest or bodice worn by Turkish women.
- railly1819–27A woman's jacket or over-bodice; = rail, n.¹ 3.
- rail1820–82An upper garment or jacket worn by women; (Scottish) an over-bodice worn on formal occasions. Cf. railly, n.
- basque1838–A short continuation of a doublet, waistcoat, or bodice below the waist; a bodice having this. Now chiefly in historical contexts.
- Zouave1859–(In full, Zouave jacket, Zouave bodice.) A woman's short embroidered jacket or bodice, with or without sleeves, resembling the jacket of the…
- casaque1872–A woman's blouse or jumper.
- casaquin1879–A kind of bodice or jumper.
- blousette1895–Any of various types of sleeveless or short-sleeved woman's garment for the upper body, typically made of sheer or lightweight fabric and drawn in at…
- overbodice1897–
- choli1907–A short-sleeved bodice worn esp. by Indian women.
- halter1935–A strap attached to the top of a backless bodice and looped round the neck; also, a bodice with such a strap or cut so as to give a similar effect…
- tube top1974–A woman's close-fitting elasticated top reaching from the waist to under-arm level.
- boob tube1977–A woman's close-fitting top, typically strapless and formed of a tube of stretchable or elasticated fabric which encircles the torso.
- bustier1978–A short, close-fitting, sleeveless and often strapless bodice or top worn by women.
the world textiles and clothing clothing types or styles of clothing clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) [nouns] jacket other- duffel coat1683–A warm coat made of duffel or similar thick cloth; (in later use chiefly) spec. a short coat with a hood, fastened at the front with toggles.
- banyan shirt1728–a. In South Asian contexts: a loose-fitting shirt, nightgown, or undershirt. historical after 19th cent. †b. English regional. A short jacket or…
- duffel jacket1732–= duffel coat, n.
- petenlair1753–A jacket reaching down to the waist, fashionable in the 18th cent.
- grego1767–A coarse jacket with a hood, worn in the Levant. Also slang, a rough great-coat.
- hussar jacket1784–The uniform tunic (dolman) or short cloak (pelisse) of a hussar (now historical); a jacket resembling either of these; spec. †a short jacket…
- wamus1805–In southern and western U.S., a warm knitted jacket resembling a cardigan.
- camisole1816–A kind of sleeved jacket or jersey.
- over-jacket1830–
- dressing sack1849–A light woman's jacket, typically worn over a dress.
- matinee1851–A woman's lingerie jacket or wrap for morning wear (see also quot. 1960).
- Zouave1859–(In full, Zouave jacket, Zouave bodice.) A woman's short embroidered jacket or bodice, with or without sleeves, resembling the jacket of the…
- paletot1863–A fitted jacket worn by women. Now usually more fully paletot jacket.
- blazer1880–A light jacket of bright colour worn at cricket or other sports. Now usually an unlined jacket of lightweight material (often flannel), frequently…
- Norfolks1902–In plural: a Norfolk suit. In later use also (in singular): a Norfolk jacket. Now rare.
- letter sweater1914–A pullover or cardigan, in school or college colours, on which a cloth initial letter is embroidered or sewn, originally to indicate achievement in…
- Cossack jacket1931–Chiefly North American. A waist-length (originally man's) jacket, usually made of leather or a similarly hard-wearing material, and typically…
- letter jacket1934–A blouson-style jacket, in school or college colours, on which a cloth initial letter is embroidered or sewn, originally to indicate achievement in…
- bomber jacket1940–A short, casual jacket, now often made of polyester or a similar lightweight material, that has a zipped front and closely fitting waistband and…
- shirt-jac1944–A loose-fitting jacket styled like a shirt, especially in having a turndown collar; = shirt-jacket, n.
- bomber1950–A short jacket that has a zipped front and closely fitting waistband and cuffs, typically with a ribbed trim.
- samfu jacket1955–A suit consisting of jacket and trousers worn by Chinese women, particularly in Hong Kong and Malaysia; also worn by men. Frequently attributive, as…
- guru jacket1966–A high-necked jacket fastened at the front by a vertical row of many small buttons; also elliptical.
- Mao jacket1967–attributive. Designating an article of clothing made in the simple style characteristic of dress formerly common in communist China under Mao Zedong…
- mandarin jacket1970–A straight-cut jacket with a mandarin collar, frequently made from embroidered silk.
Pronunciation
British English
U.S. English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Forms
Variant forms
Also zouava.Frequency
Zouave typically occurs about 0.2 times per million words in modern written English.
Zouave is in frequency band 4, which contains words occurring between 0.1 and 1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of Zouave, n., 1840–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1840 | 0.86 |
| 1850 | 0.87 |
| 1860 | 0.83 |
| 1870 | 0.94 |
| 1880 | 0.89 |
| 1890 | 0.64 |
| 1900 | 0.52 |
| 1910 | 0.44 |
| 1920 | 0.38 |
| 1930 | 0.33 |
| 1940 | 0.26 |
| 1950 | 0.22 |
| 1960 | 0.19 |
| 1970 | 0.17 |
| 1980 | 0.16 |
| 1990 | 0.15 |
| 2000 | 0.15 |
| 2010 | 0.16 |