zoogeographical, adj.

zoogeographical
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoogeographical_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoogeographicaladjective

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective zoogeographical mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adjective zoogeographical. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the adjective zoogeographical?

About 0.05occurrences per million words in modern written English

1860 | 0.006
1870 | 0.0068
1880 | 0.012
1890 | 0.015
1900 | 0.021
1910 | 0.031
1920 | 0.038
1930 | 0.049
1940 | 0.057
1950 | 0.06
1960 | 0.061
1970 | 0.058
1980 | 0.05
1990 | 0.047
2000 | 0.04
2010 | 0.034

### How is the adjective zoogeographical pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)ˌdʒɪəˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoo-uh-jeer-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzəʊəˌdʒɪəˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoh-uh-jeer-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

#### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˌdʒiəˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoo-uh-jee-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzoʊəˌdʒiəˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoh-uh-jee-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

### Where does the adjective zoogeographical come from?

Earliest known use

1860s

The earliest known use of the adjective zoogeographical is in the 1860s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoogeographical is from 1864, in Proceedings of Royal Geographical Society.

zoogeographical is formed within English, by compounding.

Etymons: zoo- comb. form, geographical adj.

### Nearby entries

1. zooerythrin, n. 1871–
2. zooflagellate, n. & adj. 1911–
3. zooful, n. 1914–
4. zoofulvin, n. 1871–
5. zoogamete, n. 1879–
6. zoogene, n. 1820–69
7. zoogenic, adj. 1842–
8. zoogeny, n. 1826–
9. zoogeographer, n. 1868–
10. zoogeographic, adj. 1875–
11. zoogeographical, adj.1864–
12. zoogeographically, adv. 1883–
13. zoogeography, n. 1851–
14. zoogeological, adj. 1841–
15. zoogeologist, n. 1844–
16. zoogeology, n. 1838–
17. zoogloea, n. 1861–
18. zoogloeal, adj. 1879–
19. zoogloeic, adj. 1883–
20. zoogonic, adj. 1787–
21. zoogonidium, n. 1857–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by compounding.
< zoo- comb. form + geographical adj., after zoogeography n.

## Meaning & use

1. 1864–
   Of or relating to zoogeography; = zoogeographic adj.
   1. 1864

      > He has prepared zoo-geographical maps of all the regions he traversed.

      Proceedings of Royal Geographical Society vol. 8 p. cxliv
   2. a1933

      > The geographical and climatic conditions of Palestine, limited in area though it is, made possible a very varied fauna, representative indeed of several different zoögeographical regions.

      J. A. Thomson, Biology for Everyman (1934) vol. II. 895
   3. 1968

      > Wallace's Line..marks the zoogeographical boundary between the Oriental and Australian regions.

      I. W. Cornwall, Prehistoric Animals & their Hunters ii. 50
   4. 2008

      > Zoogeographical barriers on the South American continent therefore seem to be less of a factor in the distribution of the dragonflies than are the ecological tolerances of the individual species.

      C. W. Heckman, Encycl. Aquatic Insects: Odonata–Zygoptera 39
   animals
   1. zoographic 1829–
      Of or relating to the description of animals and their characteristics. In later use esp.: of or relating to (the study of) the geographical…
   2. zoogeographical 1864–
      Of or relating to zoogeography; = zoogeographic, adj.
   3. zoogeographic 1875–
      Of or relating to zoogeography; = zoogeographical, adj.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)ˌdʒɪəˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoo-uh-jeer-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzəʊəˌdʒɪəˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoh-uh-jeer-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˌdʒiəˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoo-uh-jee-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzoʊəˌdʒiəˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoh-uh-jee-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. 1800s–
   zoogeographical, zoögeographical

## Frequency

zoogeographical typically occurs about 0.05 times per million words in modern written English.

zoogeographical is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoogeographical, adj., 1860–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1860 | 0.006
1870 | 0.0068
1880 | 0.012
1890 | 0.015
1900 | 0.021
1910 | 0.031
1920 | 0.038
1930 | 0.049
1940 | 0.057
1950 | 0.06
1960 | 0.061
1970 | 0.058
1980 | 0.05
1990 | 0.047
2000 | 0.04
2010 | 0.034

## Compounds & derived words

Sort by

1. zoogeographically, adv. 1883–
   As regards zoogeography.

1. palaeozoogeographical, adj. 1967–
   = palaeozoogeographic, adj.

Originally published as part of the entry for zoogeography, n.

zoogeographical, adj. was revised in June 2017.

zoogeographical, adj. was last modified in July 2023.