Zugunruhe, n.

zugunruhe
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zugunruhe_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 1986; not fully revised

# Zugunruhenoun

## Earlier version

- Zugunruhe in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun Zugunruhe mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun Zugunruhe. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

#### Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

### How common is the noun Zugunruhe?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1950 | 0.0092
1960 | 0.008
1970 | 0.0075
1980 | 0.0072
1990 | 0.0074
2000 | 0.0072
2010 | 0.0055

### How is the noun Zugunruhe pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈtsuːkˌʊnruːə/

### Where does the noun Zugunruhe come from?

Earliest known use

1950s

The earliest known use of the noun Zugunruhe is in the 1950s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zugunruhe is from 1950, in Condor.

Zugunruhe is a borrowing from German.

### Nearby entries

1. zubrowka, n. 1916–
2. zucarine, adj. a1425
3. zucca, n. 1818–
4. zucchetto, n. 1853–
5. zucchini, n. 1916–
6. zuche, n. 1358–1676
7. Zuckerkandl, n. 1910–
8. zufolo, n. 1724–
9. zug, n. 1899–
10. zugtrompete, n. 1978–
11. Zugunruhe, n.1950–
12. Zugzwang, n. 1904–
13. zule | zulis, n. 1780–
14. Zulu, n. & adj. 1824–
15. Zulu, v. 1882–
16. Zuludom, n. 1867–
17. Zulu hat, n. 1879–
18. Zuluize, v. 1852–
19. Zulu time, n. 1959–
20. zumbador, n. 1758–64
21. zumbi, n. 1704–

## Etymology

### Summary

A borrowing from German.
German.

## Meaning & use

Ornithology.

1. 1950–
   Migratory restlessness; the migratory drive in birds.
   1. 1950

      > Zugunruhe..is the restlessness displayed by caged migratory birds during the migratory period.

      Condor May 108
   2. 1971

      > The behavior of the four groups was studied in terms of signs of Zugunruhe, or migratory urge, as shown by night activity and by the molt of feathers.

      Scientific American April 76
   3. 1978

      > The birds were housed under natural photoperiod in an outdoor aviary, and tested only after they showed migratory restlessness (Zugunruhe) in activity cages and exhibited subcutaneous fat deposits.

      Nature 13 July 154/1
   birds
   1. Zugunruhe 1950–
      Migratory restlessness; the migratory drive in birds.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈtsuːkˌʊnruːə/

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

## Frequency

Zugunruhe typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

Zugunruhe is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zugunruhe, n., 1950–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1950 | 0.0092
1960 | 0.008
1970 | 0.0075
1980 | 0.0072
1990 | 0.0074
2000 | 0.0072
2010 | 0.0055

Zugunruhe, n. was first published in 1986; not fully revised.

Zugunruhe, n. was last modified in December 2024.