Zwinglian, n. & adj.

zwinglian
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zwinglian_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 1921; not fully revised

# Zwingliannoun & adjective

## Earlier version

- Zwinglian, n. and a. in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the word Zwinglian mean?

There are two meanings listed in OED's entry for the word Zwinglian. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

#### Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

### How common is the word Zwinglian?

About 0.07occurrences per million words in modern written English

1750 | 0.023
1760 | 0.021
1770 | 0.019
1780 | 0.019
1790 | 0.016
1800 | 0.019
1810 | 0.037
1820 | 0.058
1830 | 0.069
1840 | 0.11
1850 | 0.13
1860 | 0.15
1870 | 0.2
1880 | 0.21
1890 | 0.2
1900 | 0.21
1910 | 0.18
1920 | 0.18
1930 | 0.17
1940 | 0.13
1950 | 0.11
1960 | 0.097
1970 | 0.085
1980 | 0.083
1990 | 0.073
2000 | 0.06
2010 | 0.056

### How is the word Zwinglian pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzwɪŋɡliən/
ZWING-glee-uhn
/ˈtsvɪŋɡliən/
TSVING-glee-uhn

#### U.S. English

/ˈ(t)swɪŋliən/
TSWING-lee-uhn

### Where does the word Zwinglian come from?

Earliest known use

mid 1500s

The earliest known use of the word Zwinglian is in the mid 1500s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zwinglian is from 1532, in the writing of Thomas More, lord chancellor, humanist, and martyr.

From a proper name, combined with an English element.

Etymons: proper name Zwingli, ‑an suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zurna, n. 1870–
2. zurr, n. 1803–
3. zussmanite, n. 1965–
4. zut, int. 1915–
5. zuur-veldt, n. 1785–
6. zuz, n. 1688–
7. zwanziger, n. 1828–
8. Zweig, n. 1973–
9. zwieback, n. 1894–
10. zwieselite, n. 1861–
11. Zwinglian, n. & adj.1532–
12. Zwinglianism, n. 1581–
13. Zwinglianist, n. 1673–1759
14. zwischenzug, n. 1941–
15. zwitterion, n. 1906–
16. zwitterionic, adj. 1946–
17. Zydeco, n. 1949–
18. zygadite, n. 1861–
19. zygaena, n. 1717–
20. zygaenid, n. & adj. 1913–
21. zygaenidan, n. 1837–

## Etymology

### Summary

From a proper name, combined with an English element.
Etymons: proper name Zwingli, ‑an suffix.
< Zwingli (see below) + ‑an suffix.

## Meaning & use

1. noun
   1. 1532–
      A follower of Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531), the Swiss religious reformer.
      1. 1532

         > The Lutheranes & Zwinglianes haue begunne to ryse & ruffle in rebellion in soondry partes of Almayne.

         T. More, Confutation of Tyndale in Wks. 570/2
      2. 1533

         > These Lutherane heretyques and these Huyskyns, Zuynglians, and Tyndalyns.

         T. More, Answere to Poysened Booke i. xi. f. xxxvi
      3. 1567

         > The whole packe of Protestauntes and Zuinglians deny that sacrament also to remitte sinnes.

         W. Allen, Treat. Def. Priesthod 146
      4. 1615

         > Yes, for want of a bush thou'd hang thy selfe. And caper like a zuinglian.

         R. Brathwait, Strappado 4
      5. 1687

         > Some being Lutherans, others Swinglians, others Anabaptists.

         T. Kemeys, Veritas Evangelica 23
      6. 1768

         > This union, between the Lutherans and Zuinglians, was so ardently desired by Melancthon.

         A. Maclaine, translation of J. L. von Mosheim, Ecclesiastical History (ed. 2) vol. IV. 70
      7. 1888

         > He regretted the toleration of the Zwinglians in Switzerland.

         P. Schaff, Modern Christian in History of Christian Church i. 61
      Christianity
      1. Zwinglian 1532–
         A follower of Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531), the Swiss religious reformer.
      2. Tigurine 1673–
         A Zwinglian.
      3. Zwinglianist 1673–1759
         A Zwinglian.
      View in Historical Thesaurus
2. adjective
   1. 1565–
      Of or pertaining to Ulrich Zwingli or his doctrine, esp. concerning the eucharist (see sacramentarian n. B.1).
      1. 1565

         > Ye shall be driuen to forsake your Zuinglian doctrine which putteth signes and figures only in the sacrament of the aulter for the true and reall body of Christ there present.

         T. Harding, Confut. Apol. Church of England i. x. f. 36v
      2. 1661

         > Their..Leaders..being for the most part of the Zwinglian-Gospellers.

         P. Heylyn, Ecclesia Restavrata ii. (1670) 59
      3. 1752

         > The Zuinglian doctrines preached by Farel and other ministers.

         T. Carte, General History of England vol. III. 395
      4. 1898

         > Mere protest is conducting us through Zwinglian attenuation to Socinian negation.

         Expositor October 271
      Christianity
      1. Zwinglian 1565–
         Of or pertaining to Ulrich Zwingli or his doctrine, esp. concerning the eucharist (see sacramentarian, n. B.1).
      2. Tigurine a1651–
         Of or pertaining to Zürich (cf. Consensus Tigurinus, the Zürich Consensus of 1549); hence = Zwinglian, n. & adj.
      View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzwɪŋɡliən/
ZWING-glee-uhn
/ˈtsvɪŋɡliən/
TSVING-glee-uhn

### U.S. English

/ˈ(t)swɪŋliən/
TSWING-lee-uhn

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

Also 1500s Zuynglian, Zwynglian, Zwynglyan, 1500s–1600s Swinglian, 1500s–1800s Zuinglian, 1600s Suinglian.

## Frequency

Zwinglian typically occurs about 0.07 times per million words in modern written English.

Zwinglian is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zwinglian, n. & adj., 1750–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1750 | 0.023
1760 | 0.021
1770 | 0.019
1780 | 0.019
1790 | 0.016
1800 | 0.019
1810 | 0.037
1820 | 0.058
1830 | 0.069
1840 | 0.11
1850 | 0.13
1860 | 0.15
1870 | 0.2
1880 | 0.21
1890 | 0.2
1900 | 0.21
1910 | 0.18
1920 | 0.18
1930 | 0.17
1940 | 0.13
1950 | 0.11
1960 | 0.097
1970 | 0.085
1980 | 0.083
1990 | 0.073
2000 | 0.06
2010 | 0.056

## Compounds & derived words

Sort by

1. Zwinglianism, n. 1581–
   The doctrines of Zwingli, or the holding of such…

1. anti-Zwinglian, adj. & n. 1673–

1. Zwinglianist, n. 1673–1759
   A Zwinglian.

Zwinglian, n. & adj. was first published in 1921; not fully revised.

Zwinglian, n. & adj. was last modified in July 2023.