ziram, n.

ziram
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/ziram_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2021

# ziramnoun

## Earlier version

- ziram in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun ziram mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun ziram. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun ziram?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1950 | 0.013
1960 | 0.012
1970 | 0.011
1980 | 0.01
1990 | 0.0086
2000 | 0.0076
2010 | 0.0067

### How is the noun ziram pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzʌɪram/
ZIGH-ram

#### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪˌræm/
ZIGH-ram

### Where does the noun ziram come from?

Earliest known use

1950s

The earliest known use of the noun ziram is in the 1950s.

OED's earliest evidence for ziram is from 1950, in Phytopathology.

ziram is formed within English, by compounding.

Etymons: zinc n., English carbamate.

### Nearby entries

1. zippo, n.² 1973–
2. zippy, adj. 1889–
3. zip tie, n. 1969–
4. zip-tie, v. 1985–
5. zip top, n. 1926–
6. zip-up, adj. & n. 1927–
7. zip wire, n. 1971–
8. zir, pron. 1993–
9. zir, adj. 1993–
10. ziraleet, n. 1794–
11. ziram, n.1950–
12. zirbal, adj.?a1425–
13. zirbus, n. a1400–
14. zircaloy, n. 1953–
15. zircon, n. 1794–
16. zirconate, n. 1820–
17. zircon blue, n. & adj. 1928–
18. zircon earth, n. 1794–
19. zirconia, n. 1794–
20. zirconian, adj. 1802–
21. zirconic, adj. 1804–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by compounding.
Etymons: zinc n., English carbamate.
< zi- (in zinc n.) + ‑r‑ + ‑am, both in carbamate (see carbamate n.), which form part of the chemical name of the compound.

Compare ferbam n., nabam n., propham n.

## Meaning & use

1. 1950–
   A zinc compound used as a fungicide, esp. on some fruit and vegetable crops.
   Chemical name: zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate; Zn(CS2N(CH3)2)2.
   1. 1950

      > The Subcommittee on Fungicide Nomenclature of The American Phytopathological Society, cooperating with the Interdepartmental Committee on Pest Control, has selected common names for five commercially-available fungicidal chemicals... Ziram for the fungicidal chemical, zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate.

      Phytopathology vol. 40 118
   2. 1960

      > One group of fungicides, with names suggestive of Old Testament prophets—nabam, thiram, ferbam, ziram and zineb—can all impart a foreign flavour into the fruits to which they are applied.

      Times Review of Industry September 7/2
   3. 1981

      > The limit of detection in water solutions for zineb, ziram, and thiram was 0·05, 0·01, and 0·01 ppm, respectively.

      Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry vol. 29 729
   4. 2011

      > The researchers found that the combined exposure to ziram, maneb and paraquat near any workplace increased the risk of Parkinson's disease threefold.

      EHS Today (Nexis) 31 May
   agriculture
   1. fungicide 1878–
      A substance or preparation used to kill fungi, esp. in the context of agriculture or as a treatment for a fungal infection.
   2. Bordeaux mixture 1892–
      A mixture composed of blue vitriol, lime, and water, used for the destruction of fungi.
   3. Burgundy mixture 1894–
      A preparation of soda and copper sulfate used for spraying potato-tops to destroy fungi.
   4. mildewcide 1949–
      A substance that destroys or inhibits the growth of mildew.
   5. zineb 1950–
      A white powder used as a fungicide on vegetables and fruit; Zn(·S·CS·NH·CH2·)2.
   6. ziram 1950–
      A zinc compound used as a fungicide, esp. on some fruit and vegetable crops.
   7. captan 1953–
      The name of a fungicide and pesticide produced from mercaptan.
   8. thiophanate 1970–
      A colourless crystalline substance, diethyl 4,4′-(o-phenylene)bis(3-thioallophanate), which is used as a veterinary anthelmintic and has also been…
   9. triadimefon 1975–
      A systemic fungicide, C14H16ClN3O2, used especially against powdery mildews and rusts in cereals.
   10. procymidone 1977–
       A systemic fungicide used to treat fruit and vegetables.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzʌɪram/
ZIGH-ram

### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪˌræm/
ZIGH-ram

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

ziram typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

ziram is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of ziram, n., 1950–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1950 | 0.013
1960 | 0.012
1970 | 0.011
1980 | 0.01
1990 | 0.0086
2000 | 0.0076
2010 | 0.0067

ziram, n. was revised in March 2021.

ziram, n. was last modified in July 2023.