zooarchaeology, n.

zooarchaeology
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zooarchaeology_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zooarchaeologynoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zooarchaeology mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zooarchaeology. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zooarchaeology?

About 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1970 | 0.0094
1980 | 0.011
1990 | 0.011
2000 | 0.011
2010 | 0.013

### How is the noun zooarchaeology pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuːɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/
zoo-ar-kee-OL-uh-jee
/ˌzəʊɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/
zoh-ar-kee-OL-uh-jee

#### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊɑrkiˈɑlədʒi/
zoh-ar-kee-AH-luh-jee
/ˌzuɑrkiˈɑlədʒi/
zoo-ar-kee-AH-luh-jee

### Where does the noun zooarchaeology come from?

Earliest known use

1960s

The earliest known use of the noun zooarchaeology is in the 1960s.

OED's earliest evidence for zooarchaeology is from 1967, in Current Anthropology.

### Nearby entries

1. zonociliate, adj. 1885–
2. zonoplacental, adj. 1879–
3. zonular, adj. 1835–
4. zonule, n. 1828–
5. zonulet, n. 1648
6. zonure, n. 1883–
7. zoo, n. 1835–
8. zoo-, comb. form
9. zooarchaeological, adj. 1962–
10. zooarchaeologist, n. 1957–
11. zooarchaeology, n.1967–
12. zoobenthos, n. 1923–
13. zoocarp, n. 1824–88
14. zoocaulon, n. 1881–
15. zoocentric, adj. 1882–
16. zoochemical, adj. & n. 1844–
17. zoochemistry, n. 1835–
18. zoochlorella, n. 1882–
19. zoochore, n. 1904–
20. zoochorous, adj. 1904–
21. zoochory, n. 1921–

## Etymology

Compare earlier zooarchaeologist n., and German Zooarchäologie (1962 or earlier).

## Meaning & use

1. 1967–
   The study of the animal remains from archaeological sites.
   1. 1967

      > Animal hist., zoo-archaeology.

      Current Anthropology vol. 8 598/1
   2. 1972

      > Recently the Atlas of Animal Bones by Elisabeth Schmid has become available for research workers in zooarcheology.

      Science 20 October 297/2
   3. 1985

      > Taphonomy..has..only recently become an integral part of zoo-archaeology (or, as the subject of faunal analysis is more usually called in Europe, archaeo-zoology).

      Times Literary Supplement 7 June 646/1
   4. 2006

      > On one dig, in Jordan, the animal bone specialist Paul Croft got me interested in zooarchaeology.

      C. Stringer, Homo Britannicus App. 292/2
   archaeology
   1. prehistoric archaeology 1865–
      The branch of archaeology which deals with prehistory.
   2. ethnoarchaeology 1879–
      A branch of archaeology concerned with the reconstruction of human behaviour patterns; (now) spec. archaeology of this type which takes into account…
   3. archaeozoology 1884–
      The scientific analysis or study of animal remains from archaeological sites; = zooarchaeology, n.
   4. pot-hunting 1893–
      The act of digging for or obtaining from others objects of archaeological interest or value, esp. by unscientific or illicit methods, and for the…
   5. rescue archaeology 1946–
      Archaeology. With the sense ‘of, relating to, or engaged in the emergency excavation of archaeological sites threatened by imminent building or…
   6. archaeobotany 1954–
      The scientific analysis or study of plant remains from archaeological sites; the study of how people used or interacted with plants in the past…
   7. archaeomagnetism 1958–
      Magnetism remaining in an archaeological structure or artefact of clay or stone which has been subjected to intense heat at some point in the…
   8. archaeometry 1958–
      The application of methods and techniques from the physical sciences to archaeological research, esp. for the dating, analysis, detection…
   9. experimental archaeology 1961–
      A branch of archaeology in which experiments are carried out to inform the interpretation of archaeological evidence, typically by attempting to…
   10. astro-archaeology 1965–
       = archaeoastronomy, n.
   11. salvage archaeology 1967–
       = rescue archaeology at rescue, n. compounds C.1c.
   12. zooarchaeology 1967–
       The study of the animal remains from archaeological sites.
   13. archaeoastronomy 1968–
       The study of the astronomical practices and knowledge of past peoples through the analysis of prehistoric or ancient monuments, artefacts, and…
   14. bioarchaeology 1972–
       The scientific study of biological materials (esp. bones) in archaeological remains in order to provide information about human life or the…
   15. salvage excavation 1972–
       = rescue excavation at rescue, n. compounds C.1c.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuːɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/
zoo-ar-kee-OL-uh-jee
/ˌzəʊɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/
zoh-ar-kee-OL-uh-jee

### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊɑrkiˈɑlədʒi/
zoh-ar-kee-AH-luh-jee
/ˌzuɑrkiˈɑlədʒi/
zoo-ar-kee-AH-luh-jee

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zooarchaeology typically occurs about 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zooarchaeology is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zooarchaeology, n., 1970–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1970 | 0.0094
1980 | 0.011
1990 | 0.011
2000 | 0.011
2010 | 0.013

Originally published as part of the entry for zoo-, comb. form

zoo-, comb. form was revised in June 2017.