Zeldovich, n.

zeldovich
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zeldovich_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2018

# Zeldovichnoun

## Earlier version

- Zeldovich in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun Zeldovich mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun Zeldovich. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun Zeldovich?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1960 | 0.0056
1970 | 0.0073
1980 | 0.0084
1990 | 0.0084
2000 | 0.0098
2010 | 0.011

### How is the noun Zeldovich pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzɛldəvɪtʃ/
ZEL-duh-vitch

#### U.S. English

/ˈzɛldəvɪtʃ/
ZEL-duh-vitch

### Where does the noun Zeldovich come from?

Earliest known use

1950s

The earliest known use of the noun Zeldovich is in the 1950s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zeldovich is from 1956, in Applied Mech. Reviews.

From a proper name.

Etymons: proper name Zeldovich.

### Nearby entries

1. zeilanite, n. 1815–
2. zein, n. 1820–
3. Zeiss, n. 1876–
4. zeitgeber, n. 1958–
5. zeitgeist, n. 1848–
6. zeitgeisty, adj. 1966–
7. zek, n. 1968–
8. zelant, n. 1624–26
9. zelatrice, n. 1874–
10. zelatrix, n. 1865–
11. Zeldovich, n.1956–
12. Zelig, n. 1984–
13. Zelig-like, adj. 1983–
14. zelkova, n. 1836–
15. zelotypia, n. 1566–
16. zelotyping, adj. a1660
17. zelotypist, n.?1632
18. zelotypy, n. 1623–1794
19. Zemblan, n. & adj. 1674–1805
20. Zemblian, n. & adj. 1674–1796
21. zemi, n. 1555–

## Etymology

### Summary

From a proper name.
Etymon: proper name Zeldovich.
< the name of Jakov Borisovič Zel′dovič (1914–87; also transliterated Zeldovich), Russian physicist, who first described the mechanism.

## Meaning & use

Chemistry.

1. 1956–
   attributive. Designating a reaction mechanism proposed by Zeldovich for the oxidation of nitrogen to nitric oxide during combustion; of or relating to this mechanism. Esp. in Zeldovich mechanism, Zeldovich reaction.
   The mechanism involves a two-step chain process: O + N2 → NO + N; N + O2 → NO + O.
   1. 1956

      > In the Zeldovich chain mechanism hypothesis, it is assumed that oxygen dissociation reaches equilibrium in a time small compared with that for the formation of nitric oxide.

      Applied Mech. Reviews vol. 9 507/2
   2. 1973

      > The formation of NO occurs primarily through two simultaneous reactions known as the Zeldovich mechanism .

      S. J. Williamson, Fund. Air Pollution x. 298
   3. 1982

      > At temperatures low enough to suppress the Zeldovich reactions other reactions still generate nitric oxide.

      Scientific American February 94/1
   4. 2000

      > One must describe the kinetics of flame front chemistry properly in order to predict Zeldovich NO production accurately.

      A. M. Dean & J. W. Bozzelli in W. C. Gardiner, Gas Phase Combustion Chemistry ii. 127
   5. 2011

      > Accurate rates for the Zeldovich reactions are essential to accurate simulations.

      Proceedings Combustion Inst. vol. 33 11/1
   chemistry
   1. Zeldovich 1956–
      attributive. Designating a reaction mechanism proposed by Zeldovich for the oxidation of nitrogen to nitric oxide during combustion; of or relating…
   2. Woodward–Hoffmann 1968–
      Used attributively with reference to a series of generalized symmetry selection rules first proposed by Woodward and Hoffmannin 1965 which predict…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzɛldəvɪtʃ/
ZEL-duh-vitch

### U.S. English

/ˈzɛldəvɪtʃ/
ZEL-duh-vitch

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. 1900s–
   Zeldovic, Zel'dovic, Zeldovich, Zel'dovich

## Frequency

Zeldovich typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

Zeldovich is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zeldovich, n., 1960–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1960 | 0.0056
1970 | 0.0073
1980 | 0.0084
1990 | 0.0084
2000 | 0.0098
2010 | 0.011

Zeldovich, n. was revised in June 2018.

Zeldovich, n. was last modified in July 2023.