<scientific LatinZoogloea, genus name (F. Cohn 1854, in Novorum actorum Acad. Caesareae Leopold.-Carolin. Nat. Curiosorumvol. 24 123) <zoo-zoo-comb. form + ancient Greekγλοιός glutinous substance (compare…
<scientific LatinZoogloea, genus name (F. Cohn 1854, in Novorum actorum Acad. Caesareae Leopold.-Carolin. Nat. Curiosorumvol. 24 123) <zoo-zoo-comb. form + ancient Greekγλοιός glutinous substance (compare Byzantine Greekγλοία or γλοιά glue: see gloiocarpn.).Compare mesogloean.
Meaning & use
Microbiology.
1.
1861–
In form Zoogloea: a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (family Pseudomonadaceae), typically occurring in masses or films surrounded by gelatinoid material, and often found in water containing sewage or other organic matter; (also zoogloea) a bacterium of this genus.
Valid publication of the genus name: H. Itzigsohn 1868, in Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin (19 Nov. 1867) 30/2.
[1855
He [sc. Cohn] proposes a new name for this form—Zooglœa, with these characters.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Sciencevol. 3 206]
1861
He [sc. Cohn] finds sufficient support from analogy to warrant him in assuming a like history for them [sc. the remaining Vibrios] as for Zooglœa.
A. Pritchard et al., History of Infusoria (ed. 4) 187
1867
The spores of Zooglœa appear under a magnifying power of 300 to 480 as small points.
Journal of Botany, Brit. & Foreignvol. 5 192
1914
This zoogloea [sc. Zoogloea ramigera] is perhaps the most characteristic and important organism of this zone [of a sewage filter].
Journal Econ. Biologyvol. 9 129
1988
Zoogloea is ubiquitous in organically enriched oxygenated waters.
H. Stolp, Microbial Ecology iii. 80
2006
The characterization of some of these epibionts as species of Zoogloea is problematic.
A mass or film of bacteria (sometimes with other microorganisms) surrounded by gelatinoid material. Frequently attributive.
1872
As the nitrogenous food of Bacteria is consumed they gradually cease to multiply, and pass from the movable to the quiescent condition, during which they secrete an intercellular substance, and heap this up into palmella-like masses (zooglœa).
Harper's Magazine August 469/2
1893
In Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum they [sc. Rhizobia] are often collected into Zoogloeae.
American Naturalistvol. 27 786
1901
Cocci [of Micrococcus cyaneus] elliptical; form zoögloea.
F. D. Chester, Manual Determinative Bacteriol. 109
1946
The furthest tip of a hair is attacked, and in favourable conditions a small gelatinous mass of the bacteria develops soon thereafter. This is the zooglœa stage.
A. Nelson, Principles of Agricultural Botany xvi. 344
2008
The passage of water through a filter leads to the build-up of a zoogloea.
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.
Vowels
iːfleece
ihappy
ɪkit
ɛdress
atrap, bath
ɑːstart, palm, bath
ɒlot
ɔːthought, force
ʌstrut
ʊfoot
uːgoose
əletter
əːnurse
ɪənear
ɛːsquare
ʊəcure
eɪface
ʌɪpride
aʊmouth
əʊgoat
ɔɪvoice
ãgratin
ɒ̃salon
ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.
Vowels
ifleece, happy
ɪkit
ɛdress
ætrap, bath
ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
ɑrstart
ɔcloth, thought
ɔrnorth, force
ʊfoot
ugoose
əstrut, comma
ərnurse, letter
ɪ(ə)rnear
ɛ(ə)rsquare
ʊ(ə)rcure
eɪface
aɪpride
aʊmouth
oʊgoat
ɔɪvoice
ɑ̃gratin
æ̃salon
ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
gguy
jjay
yyore
chchore
khloch
shshore
ththaw
dhthee
zhbeige
Vowels
atrap
ahpalm
airsquare
arstart
arrcarry (British only)
awthought
ayface
a(ng)gratin
edress
eefleece
eerdeer
errmerry
ikit
ighpride
irrmirror
olot (British only)
ohgoat
oogoose
oorcure
orforce
orrsorry (British only)
owmouth
oyvoice
o(ng)salon
ustrut
uhletter
urnurse
urrhurry
uufoot
Forms
Inflections
Plural: unchanged, zoogloeae, zoogloeas
Variant forms
1800s
zoögloea
1800s–
zoogloea
1900s–
zooglea
Frequency
zoogloea typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
zoogloea is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.
Frequency of zoogloea, n., 1870–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.