zootoxin, n.

zootoxin
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zootoxin_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zootoxinnoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zootoxin mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zootoxin. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zootoxin?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1900 | 0.005
1910 | 0.0049
1920 | 0.0044
1930 | 0.004
1940 | 0.004
1950 | 0.003
1960 | 0.0022
1970 | 0.0018
1980 | 0.0013
1990 | 0.0012
2000 | 0.0011
2010 | 0.0009

### How is the noun zootoxin pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn/
zoo-oh-TOCK-sin
/ˌzəʊə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn/
zoh-oh-TOCK-sin

#### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊəˈtɑksən/
zoh-uh-TAHK-suhn
/ˌzuəˈtɑksən/
zoo-uh-TAHK-suhn

### Where does the noun zootoxin come from?

Earliest known use

1900s

The earliest known use of the noun zootoxin is in the 1900s.

OED's earliest evidence for zootoxin is from 1906, in the writing of H. T. Ricketts.

### Nearby entries

1. zootheist, n. 1879–
2. zootheistic, adj. 1879–
3. zoothome, n. 1872–
4. zootic, adj. 1816–
5. zootokon, n. 1661
6. zootomic, adj. 1801–
7. zootomical, adj. 1799–
8. zootomically, adv. 1849–
9. zootomist, n. 1663–
10. zootomy, n. 1663–
11. zootoxin, n.1906–
12. zootrophy, n. 1877–
13. zoot suit, n. 1942–
14. zoot-suited, adj. 1942–
15. zoot-suiter, n. 1942–
16. zooty, adj. 1942–
17. zootype, n. 1883–
18. zootypic, adj. 1853–
19. zoowoman, n. 1930–
20. zooxanthella, n. 1882–
21. zooxanthellate, adj. & n. 1981–

## Meaning & use

1. 1906–
   A toxin derived from an animal; cf. phytotoxin n. 1.
   1. 1906

      > Other zootoxins.

      H. T. Ricketts, Infection, Immunity & Serum Therapy ii. 268 (heading)
   2. 1988

      > Biotoxins are of two major types: phytotoxins, or plant poisons, and zootoxins, or animal poisons.

      B. W. Halstead & J. M. Vinci in A. T. Tu, Handbook Nat. Toxins vol. III. i. 2
   3. 2015

      > Snake venom is a highly modified saliva containing zootoxins.

      E. M. El-Masry & M. B. Abou-Donia in M. B. Abou-Donia, Mammalian Toxicology xxvii. 633
   life sciences
   1. toxin 1887–
      A substance that is dangerous or harmful to health or life; spec. one that is present in or secreted by a living organism, and is capable of causing…
   2. autointoxicant 1891–
      A substance that causes autointoxication; also figurative.
   3. autotoxin 1894–
      A substance that is toxic to the organism that produces it or to other organisms of the same species.
   4. sitotoxin 1898–
      Any of various toxic substances occurring in cereal or other vegetable foodstuffs, typically as a result of contamination by a microorganism.
   5. cytotoxin 1900–
      An antibody or other substance that has a toxic effect on cells; a cytotoxic agent.
   6. toxon 1900–
      (See quots.)
   7. tuberculotoxin 1901–
      Any toxin (supposedly) produced by tubercle bacilli.
   8. autocytotoxin 1902–
      A cytotoxic substance originating within the body; an endogenous cytotoxin.
   9. nephrotoxin 1903–
      Originally: an antiserum produced by the injection of kidney tissue from one species into animals of another species, which causes kidney disease…
   10. cholera toxin 1904–
       The toxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, a multimeric protein with two different types of subunit, one of which binds to a specific…
   11. toxonoid 1904–
       A modification of a toxon, in which the toxic properties are lost; cf. toxoid, n.
   12. zootoxin 1906–
       A toxin derived from an animal; cf. phytotoxin, n. 1.
   13. leucotoxin 1908–
       Any substance which destroys leucocytes.
   14. phalloidin 1909–
       A toxic alkaloid obtained from the toadstool Amanita phalloides; (now) spec. a cyclic oligopeptide, C35H48N8O11S, which is the principal phallotoxin.
   15. vivotoxin 1953–
       A substance produced in an infected plant and involved in the disease process (see quot. 1953).
   16. victorin 1954–
       A toxin produced by the fungus Drechslera victoriae, the causative agent of a blight in some susceptible varieties of oats.
   17. phalloin 1959–
       A toxic alkaloid, C35H48N8O10S, one of the phallotoxins.
   18. bungarotoxin 1963–
       Each of three neurotoxins isolated from the venom of the elapid snake Bungarus multicinctus; spec. α-bungarotoxin, which binds to acetylcholine…
   19. pathotoxin 1963–
       A toxin that causes or helps to cause a disease in plants.
   20. trichothecene 1971–
       Any of a class of sesquiterpenoids based on a tetracyclic ring system C15H22O2.
   21. leucocidin
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn/
zoo-oh-TOCK-sin
/ˌzəʊə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn/
zoh-oh-TOCK-sin

### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊəˈtɑksən/
zoh-uh-TAHK-suhn
/ˌzuəˈtɑksən/
zoo-uh-TAHK-suhn

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zootoxin typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zootoxin is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zootoxin, n., 1900–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1900 | 0.005
1910 | 0.0049
1920 | 0.0044
1930 | 0.004
1940 | 0.004
1950 | 0.003
1960 | 0.0022
1970 | 0.0018
1980 | 0.0013
1990 | 0.0012
2000 | 0.0011
2010 | 0.0009

Originally published as part of the entry for zoo-, comb. form

zoo-, comb. form was revised in June 2017.