zoologically, adv.

zoologically
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoologically_adv%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoologicallyadverb

## Factsheet

### What does the adverb zoologically mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adverb zoologically. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the adverb zoologically?

About 0.02occurrences per million words in modern written English

1810 | 0.019
1820 | 0.026
1830 | 0.029
1840 | 0.036
1850 | 0.045
1860 | 0.053
1870 | 0.058
1880 | 0.06
1890 | 0.06
1900 | 0.059
1910 | 0.052
1920 | 0.047
1930 | 0.041
1940 | 0.036
1950 | 0.031
1960 | 0.025
1970 | 0.021
1980 | 0.019
1990 | 0.017
2000 | 0.014
2010 | 0.013

### How is the adverb zoologically pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuːəˈlɒdʒᵻkli/
zoo-uh-LOJ-uh-klee
/ˌzəʊəˈlɒdʒᵻkli/
zoh-uh-LOJ-uh-klee

#### U.S. English

/ˌzuəˈlɑdʒək(ə)li/
zoo-uh-LAH-juh-kuh-lee
/ˌzoʊəˈlɑdʒək(ə)li/
zoh-uh-LAH-juh-kuh-lee

### Where does the adverb zoologically come from?

Earliest known use

late 1700s

The earliest known use of the adverb zoologically is in the late 1700s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoologically is from 1799, in Philosophical Magazine.

zoologically is formed within English, by derivation.

Etymons: zoological adj., ‑ly suffix2.

### Nearby entries

1. Zookers, int. 1620–
2. Zooks, int. 1600–
3. zoolater, n. 1876–
4. zoolatrous, adj. 1876–
5. zoolatry, n. 1784–
6. zoolite, n. 1768–
7. zoologer, n. 1663–
8. zoologic, adj. 1766–
9. zoological, adj. & n. 1686–
10. zoological garden, n. 1827–
11. zoologically, adv.1799–
12. zoologico-, comb. form
13. zoologico-archaeologist, n. 1864
14. zoologist, n. 1663–
15. zoologize, v. 1830–
16. zoologizing, n. 1815–
17. zoology, n. 1663–
18. zoom, n. 1917–
19. zoom, v.¹ 1886–
20. Zoom, v.² 2014–
21. zoom, int. 1856–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by derivation.
< zoological adj. + ‑ly suffix2.

## Meaning & use

1. 1799–
   From a zoological point of view; as regards zoology; by zoological methods.
   1. 1799

      > To observe them [sc. birds] alive, describe them zoologically and anatomically; to prepare stuffed skins and skeletons, have been my occupation.

      Philosophical Magazine vol. 2 414
   2. 1819

      > The representations of all the animals being brought before Adam in the first instance, and subsequently of their being all collected in the ark..are zoologically impossible.

      W. Lawrence, Lectures on Physiology ii. i. 249
   3. 1845

      > This archipelago [sc. the Galapagos Islands],..is zoologically part of America.

      C. Darwin, Journal (ed. 2) xvii. 393
   4. 1914

      > I should like the child to be studied zoologically.

      ‘A. Hallard’, translation of ‘P. de Coulevain’, Wonderful Romance iii. 75
   5. a1933

      > The little tree-shrews that range from India to Java are not much to look at, but they are extraordinarily interesting zoologically.

      J. A. Thomson, Biology for Everyman (1934) vol. I. xxi. 748
   6. 1991

      > Zoologically speaking, spiders are not insects.

      Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 23 November d2
   7. 2008

      > A set of zoologically correct replicas of the poisonous snakes of the world that Freddy had received for his fourth birthday.

      P. Klass, Mercy Rule viii. 196
   animals
   1. zoologically 1799–
      From a zoological point of view; as regards zoology; by zoological methods.
   2. faunistically 1885–
      In a faunistical manner, as a faunist would.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuːəˈlɒdʒᵻkli/
zoo-uh-LOJ-uh-klee
/ˌzəʊəˈlɒdʒᵻkli/
zoh-uh-LOJ-uh-klee

### U.S. English

/ˌzuəˈlɑdʒək(ə)li/
zoo-uh-LAH-juh-kuh-lee
/ˌzoʊəˈlɑdʒək(ə)li/
zoh-uh-LAH-juh-kuh-lee

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zoologically typically occurs about 0.02 times per million words in modern written English.

zoologically is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoologically, adv., 1810–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1810 | 0.019
1820 | 0.026
1830 | 0.029
1840 | 0.036
1850 | 0.045
1860 | 0.053
1870 | 0.058
1880 | 0.06
1890 | 0.06
1900 | 0.059
1910 | 0.052
1920 | 0.047
1930 | 0.041
1940 | 0.036
1950 | 0.031
1960 | 0.025
1970 | 0.021
1980 | 0.019
1990 | 0.017
2000 | 0.014
2010 | 0.013

Originally published as part of the entry for zoological, adj. & n.

zoologically, adv. was revised in June 2017.

zoologically, adv. was last modified in July 2023.