Zapatism, n.

zapatism
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zapatism_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 2004

# Zapatismnoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun Zapatism mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun Zapatism. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun Zapatism?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1910 | 0.0016
1920 | 0.0014
1930 | 0.0015
1940 | 0.0014
1950 | 0.0018
1960 | 0.0015
1970 | 0.0016
1980 | 0.0018
1990 | 0.002
2000 | 0.002
2010 | 0.0024

### How is the noun Zapatism pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzapətɪz(ə)m/
ZAP-uh-tiz-uhm

#### U.S. English

/ˈzæpəˌtɪzəm/
ZAP-uh-tiz-uhm

### Where does the noun Zapatism come from?

Earliest known use

1910s

The earliest known use of the noun Zapatism is in the 1910s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zapatism is from 1911, in El Paso (Texas) Herald.

From a proper name, combined with an English; modelled on a Spanish lexical item.

Etymons: proper name Zapata, ‑ism suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zany, v. 1602–1894
2. zanyish, adj. 1843–
3. zanyism, n. 1823–
4. zanyship, n. 1766–1839
5. Zanzibari, n. & adj. 1882–
6. zap, n. 1968–
7. zap, v. 1942–
8. zap, int. 1929–
9. Zapata, n. 1962–
10. zapateado, n. 1845–
11. Zapatism, n.1911–
12. Zapatismo, n. 1913–
13. Zapatist, n. & adj. 1911–
14. Zapatista, n. & adj. 1911–
15. zapote, n. 1842–
16. Zapotec, n. & adj. 1797–
17. zappe, v. c1600
18. zapped, adj. 1962–
19. zapper, n. 1969–
20. zapping, n. 1972–
21. zappy, adj. 1969–

## Etymology

### Summary

From a proper name, combined with an English; modelled on a Spanish lexical item.
Etymons: proper name Zapata, ‑ism suffix.
< the name of Emiliano Zapata (see Zapatista n. & adj.) + ‑ism suffix, after Spanish Zapatismo Zapatismo n.

Compare Zapatist n.

## Meaning & use

1. 1911–
   Advocacy of, support for, or membership of either of the Zapatista movements (see Zapatista n.); advocacy of social and agrarian reform in Mexico, esp. as attained by means of revolution or insurrection. Cf. Zapatismo n.
   1. 1911

      > He urged that they give precedence to such matters as the Zapatism which is spreading over the country.

      El Paso (Texas) Herald 12 December 11/6
   2. 1966

      > Figueroa expressed his determination to pacify Morelos by exterminating Zapatism ‘through blood and fire’.

      Hispanic American Historical Review vol. 46 164
   3. 1994

      > We shall continue walking the path of the highest truth, even though this may mean death for many of those who defend Zapatism.

      Summary of World Broadcasts Part 5: Afr. & Latin Amer. (BBC) (Nexis) 28 March AL/1957/L
   4. 2009

      > His ideal political model would be one inspired by Venezuela, Cuba, Bolivia or Zapatism in Mexico.

      Daily Telegraph 6 February 19/2
   1. sansculotterie 1794–
      The principles, spirit or behaviour characteristic of sansculottes.
   2. sansculottism 1794–
      The principles or practice of sansculottes.
   3. revolutionism 1796–
      Advocacy or spread of revolutionary principles; revolutionary behaviour or attitudes.
   4. red republicanism 1848–
      Support for or advocacy of a republic based on socialist or communist principles; the views or principles of red republicans.
   5. revolutionariness a1866–
      The quality or state of being revolutionary.
   6. Zapatism 1911–
      Advocacy of, support for, or membership of either of the Zapatista movements (see Zapatista, n.); advocacy of social and agrarian reform in…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzapətɪz(ə)m/
ZAP-uh-tiz-uhm

### U.S. English

/ˈzæpəˌtɪzəm/
ZAP-uh-tiz-uhm

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

Also with lower-case initial.

## Frequency

Zapatism typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

Zapatism is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zapatism, n., 1910–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1910 | 0.0016
1920 | 0.0014
1930 | 0.0015
1940 | 0.0014
1950 | 0.0018
1960 | 0.0015
1970 | 0.0016
1980 | 0.0018
1990 | 0.002
2000 | 0.002
2010 | 0.0024

Zapatism, n. was first published in September 2004.