zymodeme, n.

zymodeme
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zymodeme_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 1993; not fully revised

# zymodemenoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zymodeme mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zymodeme. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

#### Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

### How common is the noun zymodeme?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1970 | 0.0076
1980 | 0.0071
1990 | 0.0071
2000 | 0.0071
2010 | 0.0089

### How is the noun zymodeme pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzʌɪmədiːm/
ZIGH-muh-deem

#### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪməˌdim/
ZIGH-muh-deem

### Where does the noun zymodeme come from?

Earliest known use

1970s

The earliest known use of the noun zymodeme is in the 1970s.

OED's earliest evidence for zymodeme is from 1978, in Bulletin World Health Organization.

### Nearby entries

1. Zyklon, n. 1939–
2. zymad, n. 1885–
3. zymase, n. 1875–
4. zymate, n. 1817–19
5. zyme, n. 1882–
6. zymic, adj. 1817–26
7. zymin, n. 1842–
8. zyminized, adj. 1888–
9. zymo-, comb. form
10. zymocyte, n. a1909–
11. zymodeme, n.1978–
12. zymogen, n. 1877–
13. zymogenetic, adj. 1896–
14. zymogenic, adj. 1884–
15. zymogluconate, n. 1887–
16. zymogluconic, adj. 1886–
17. zymogram, n. 1957–
18. zymohydrolysis, n. 1903–
19. zymoid, adj. & n. 1891–
20. zymological, adj. 1828–
21. zymologist, n. 1828–

## Etymology

deme n.2 3.

## Meaning & use

Ecology.

1. 1978–
   A closely related sub-population within one taxon, distinguished on the basis of the degree of similarity of certain enzymes.
   Stressed as ˈzymodeme.
   1. 1978

      > Prefixes may be given to the term to designate the general grounds on which the deme is defined, e.g., serodeme, zymodeme... There is no certain implication of common ancestry for demes displaying similar characters.

      Bulletin World Health Organization vol. 56 471
   2. 1980

      > There were three enzymically distinct groups of T [rypanosoma] cruzi stocks—which have been called zymodemes 1, 2 and 3. All three zymodemes were capable of causing acute disease in man.

      Transactions of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene vol. 74 222/1
   3. 1985

      > The traditional view..has been blurred by the discovery in both wild and domestic animals in west Africa of trypanosomes with enzyme markers (zymodemes) identical with those of species infective for man.

      British Medical Journal 30 November 1524/2
   4. 1988

      > The term ‘zymodeme’ has been used with two different meanings: first, to designate any isozyme variant..; and second, to describe ‘main’ variants.

      Evolution vol. 42 278/2
   ecology taxonomy
   1. zymodeme 1978–
      A closely related sub-population within one taxon, distinguished on the basis of the degree of similarity of certain enzymes.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzʌɪmədiːm/
ZIGH-muh-deem

### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪməˌdim/
ZIGH-muh-deem

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zymodeme typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zymodeme is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zymodeme, n., 1970–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1970 | 0.0076
1980 | 0.0071
1990 | 0.0071
2000 | 0.0071
2010 | 0.0089

Originally published as part of the entry for zymo-, comb. form

zymo-, comb. form was first published in 1921; not fully revised.