Zapatismo, n.

zapatismo
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zapatismo_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 2004

# Zapatismonoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun Zapatismo mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun Zapatismo. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun Zapatismo?

About 0.02occurrences per million words in modern written English

1950 | 0.0051
1960 | 0.0077
1970 | 0.012
1980 | 0.015
1990 | 0.018
2000 | 0.02
2010 | 0.024

### How is the noun Zapatismo pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzapəˈtɪzməʊ/
zap-uh-TIZ-moh

#### U.S. English

/ˌzæpəˈtɪzmoʊ/
zap-uh-TIZ-moh
/ˌsɑpəˈtismoʊ/
sah-puh-TEESS-moh

### Where does the noun Zapatismo come from?

Earliest known use

1910s

The earliest known use of the noun Zapatismo is in the 1910s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zapatismo is from 1913, in 97th Annual Rep. Amer. Bible Society.

Zapatismo is a borrowing from Spanish.

Etymons: Spanish Zapatismo.

### Nearby entries

1. zanyish, adj. 1843–
2. zanyism, n. 1823–
3. zanyship, n. 1766–1839
4. Zanzibari, n. & adj. 1882–
5. zap, n. 1968–
6. zap, v. 1942–
7. zap, int. 1929–
8. Zapata, n. 1962–
9. zapateado, n. 1845–
10. Zapatism, n. 1911–
11. Zapatismo, n.1913–
12. Zapatist, n. & adj. 1911–
13. Zapatista, n. & adj. 1911–
14. zapote, n. 1842–
15. Zapotec, n. & adj. 1797–
16. zappe, v. c1600
17. zapped, adj. 1962–
18. zapper, n. 1969–
19. zapping, n. 1972–
20. zappy, adj. 1969–
21. zaptieh, n. 1869–

## Etymology

### Summary

A borrowing from Spanish.
Etymon: Spanish Zapatismo.
< Spanish Zapatismo (1913 or earlier) < the name of Emiliano Zapata (see Zapatista n.) + ‑ismo ‑ism suffix.

Compare Zapatism n.

## Meaning & use

1. 1913–
   Advocacy of, support for, or membership of either of the Zapatista movements (see Zapatista n.); advocacy of social and agrarian reform in Mexico, esp. as attained by means of revolution or insurrection. Cf. Zapatism n.
   1. 1913

      > Anarchy prevailed throughout the state of Morelos..and its so-called Zapatismo had spread its terrors into the neighboring states of Puebla, Mexico, and Guerrero.

      97th Annual Rep. Amer. Bible Society 258
   2. 1959

      > Pedro's life has been a search for ideals and causes with which to identify: Catholicism, Zapatismo, village politics, education, and most recently Seventh Day Adventism.

      Marriage & Family Living vol. 21 223
   3. 1998

      > As the reemergence of zapatismo in Chiapas tells us, the structures of the state are only as permanent as the security of their political underpinnings.

      N. Harvey, Chiapas Rebellion v. 120
   4. 2016

      > I still view Zapatismo through a reddish haze but I fear I may have much to learn.

      S. Lynd, Foreword in C. Ross, Home from Dark Side of Utopia p. iii
   1. innovator 1598–
      One who innovates; an introducer of novelties or new methods; †a revolutionist.
   2. revolver 1698
      A revolutionary. Obsolete. rare.
   3. revolutionist 1710–
      An advocate of or participant in revolution; a revolutionary.
   4. sansculotte 1790–
      In the French Revolution, a republican of the poorer classes in Paris. Hence gen. an extreme republican or revolutionary.
   5. revolutionary 1795–
      A person who instigates or supports revolution; a participant in a particular revolution.
   6. revolutionizer 1798–
   7. revolutioner 1803–
      gen. A person engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionary. Now rare.
   8. descamisado 1821–62
      Also with capital initial. (A nickname given to) an ultra-liberal in the Spanish revolutionary war of 1820–3; also in extended use. Obsolete.
   9. radical 1822–
      Politics. Also with capital initial. A person who advocates radical or far-reaching political or social reform; a member of a political party or…
   10. sansculottist 1833–
       One who favours sansculottism; also attributive.
   11. revolutionaire 1835–
       Chiefly in French contexts: a revolutionary.
   12. red republican 1848–
       A person who holds radically left-wing republican views. Cf. red republic, n.
   13. redshirt 1889–
       A revolutionary, anarchist, or communist. Now chiefly historical.
   14. Zapatismo 1913–
       Advocacy of, support for, or membership of either of the Zapatista movements (see Zapatista, n.); advocacy of social and agrarian reform in…
   15. Bolshevik 1926–
       transferred and figurative. A person of subversive or revolutionary views; an out-and-out opponent of the existing social order or accepted codes.
   16. Young Turk 1948–
       Also with lower-case initial(s). A young person embracing innovation and desiring radical change to the established order. Usually in plural.
   17. Zapatist 1994–
       A member or supporter of a revolutionary force espousing ideals for social and agrarian reform similar to those of Zapata, which launched a popular…
   View in Historical Thesaurus
   1. regicide 1648–
      spec. English History. A participant in the prosecution, trial, and execution of Charles I in 1649 following his defeat in the Civil War.
   2. revolutioner 1690–
      A supporter or approver of the Glorious Revolution, or of the principles which inspired it.
   3. sansculotte 1790–
      In the French Revolution, a republican of the poorer classes in Paris. Hence gen. an extreme republican or revolutionary.
   4. federate 1793–
      Also with capital initial. In France: (a) a member of a voluntary armed association drawn from the provinces for the 3rd Fête of the Federation in…
   5. regicide 1793–
      spec. French History. A participant in the prosecution, trial, and execution of Louis XVI in 1793 during the French Revolution.
   6. terrorist 1794–
      As a political term. French History. Chiefly with capital initial. In the French Revolution, an adherent or supporter of the Jacobins, who advocated…
   7. anti-terrorist 1797–
      French History. An opponent of the Reign of Terror (terror, n. A.3a) during the French Revolution; spec. a member of the Thermidorian political group…
   8. Thermidorian 1801–
      French History. One of those who took part in the overthrow of Robespierre on the 9th Thermidor (27 July) 1794.
   9. tricoteuse 1828–
      A woman who knits; applied spec. to women who, during the French Revolution, sat and knitted at meetings of the Convention or at guillotinings. Also…
   10. filibuster 1854–
       spec. A member of any of those bands of adventurers who between 1850 and 1860 organized expeditions from the United States, in violation of…
   11. nihilist 1868–
       Usually in form Nihilist. A supporter of a revolutionary movement in 19th-cent. and early 20th-cent. Russia, which rejected all systems of…
   12. Zapatismo 1913–
       Advocacy of, support for, or membership of either of the Zapatista movements (see Zapatista, n.); advocacy of social and agrarian reform in…
   13. peshmerga 1963–
       A member of a Kurdish nationalist revolutionary army established in the early 1960s. Also more generally: a Kurdish partisan or guerrilla.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzapəˈtɪzməʊ/
zap-uh-TIZ-moh

### U.S. English

/ˌzæpəˈtɪzmoʊ/
zap-uh-TIZ-moh
/ˌsɑpəˈtismoʊ/
sah-puh-TEESS-moh

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

Also with lower-case initial.

## Frequency

Zapatismo typically occurs about 0.02 times per million words in modern written English.

Zapatismo is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zapatismo, n., 1950–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1950 | 0.0051
1960 | 0.0077
1970 | 0.012
1980 | 0.015
1990 | 0.018
2000 | 0.02
2010 | 0.024

Zapatismo, n. was first published in September 2004.