zymogram, n.

zymogram
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zymogram_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 1986; not fully revised

# zymogramnoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zymogram mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zymogram. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

#### Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

### How common is the noun zymogram?

About 0.02occurrences per million words in modern written English

1950 | 0.028
1960 | 0.026
1970 | 0.023
1980 | 0.021
1990 | 0.025
2000 | 0.025
2010 | 0.021

### How is the noun zymogram pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzʌɪməɡram/
ZIGH-muh-gram

#### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪməˌɡræm/
ZIGH-muh-gram

### Where does the noun zymogram come from?

Earliest known use

1950s

The earliest known use of the noun zymogram is in the 1950s.

OED's earliest evidence for zymogram is from 1957, in a text by Hunter and Markert.

### Nearby entries

1. zymin, n. 1842–
2. zyminized, adj. 1888–
3. zymo-, comb. form
4. zymocyte, n. a1909–
5. zymodeme, n. 1978–
6. zymogen, n. 1877–
7. zymogenetic, adj. 1896–
8. zymogenic, adj. 1884–
9. zymogluconate, n. 1887–
10. zymogluconic, adj. 1886–
11. zymogram, n.1957–
12. zymohydrolysis, n. 1903–
13. zymoid, adj. & n. 1891–
14. zymological, adj. 1828–
15. zymologist, n. 1828–
16. zymology, n. 1753–
17. zymolysis, n. 1890–
18. zymolytic, adj. 1890–
19. zymome, n. 1820–31
20. zymometer, n. 1842–
21. zymophore, adj. 1900–

## Meaning & use

Biochemistry and Genetics.

1. 1957–
   A strip of electrophoretic medium showing enzymes separated by a technique such as zone electrophoresis.
   Stressed as ˈzymogram.
   1. 1957

      > We propose the term zymogram to refer to strips in which the location of enzymes is demonstrated by histochemical methods.

      Hunter & Markert in Science 28 June 1295/2
   2. 1978

      > The high degree of gene duplication in these species often confounds the genetic interpretation of zymograms. For example, how many loci code for an enzyme represented by a single electrophoretic band?

      Nature 2 March 77/2
   3. 1981

      > Electro~focused zymograms display species and organ differences.

      Histochemistry vol. LXXIII. 311
   genetics organic chemistry
   1. zymogram 1957–
      A strip of electrophoretic medium showing enzymes separated by a technique such as zone electrophoresis.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzʌɪməɡram/
ZIGH-muh-gram

### U.S. English

/ˈzaɪməˌɡræm/
ZIGH-muh-gram

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zymogram typically occurs about 0.02 times per million words in modern written English.

zymogram is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zymogram, n., 1950–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1950 | 0.028
1960 | 0.026
1970 | 0.023
1980 | 0.021
1990 | 0.025
2000 | 0.025
2010 | 0.021

Originally published as part of the entry for zymo-, comb. form

zymo-, comb. form was first published in 1921; not fully revised.