zino, n.

zino
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zino_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
First published 2013

# zinonoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zino mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zino. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zino?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1980 | 0.0039
1990 | 0.0039
2000 | 0.0039
2010 | 0.0039

### How is the noun zino pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈziːnəʊ/
ZEE-noh

#### U.S. English

/ˈzinoʊ/
ZEE-noh

### Where does the noun zino come from?

Earliest known use

1980s

The earliest known use of the noun zino is in the 1980s.

OED's earliest evidence for zino is from 1982, in a paper by L. Ibáñez and G. G. Ross.

zino is formed within English, by derivation.

Etymons: Z n., ‑ino suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zinging, n. 1921–
2. zinging, adj. 1915–
3. zingingly, adv. 1952–
4. zingo, int. 1906–
5. zingy, adj. 1938–
6. Zinjanthropus, n. 1959–
7. zinke, n. 1773–
8. zinnia, n. 1761–
9. zinnober green, n. 1879–
10. zinnwaldite, n. 1850–
11. zino, n.1982–
12. Zinovievite, adj. & n. 1936–
13. Zinoviev letter, n. 1924–
14. Zion, n. Old English–
15. Zion Curtain, n. 1951–
16. Zioner, n. 1681–1760
17. Zionism, n. 1896–
18. Zionist, n. & adj. a1649–
19. Zionistic, adj. 1887–
20. Zionite, n. 1596–
21. Zionless, adj. 1908

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by derivation.
Etymons: Z n., ‑ino suffix.
< Z n. (compare Z n. II.11) + ‑ino suffix. Compare wino n.2

## Meaning & use

Particle Physics.

1. 1982–
   A hypothetical subatomic particle which is the supersymmetric counterpart of the Z boson, having a spin of ½ instead of 1.
   1. 1982

      > The ‘zino’ (fermionic partner of the Z° gauge boson) combines with one combination of neutral fermionic Higgs.

      L. Ibáñez & G. G. Ross in Physics Letters B. vol. 110 219/2
   2. 2001

      > The Higgs can, for example, emit and reabsorb either a Z boson or its fermion superpartner, a Zino.

      New Scientist 5 May 31/2
   3. 2004

      > Another promising proposal involves supersymmetric particles, especially the photino, the zino, and the higgsino.

      B. Greene, Fabric of Cosmos (2005) v. xiv. 433
   particle physics
   1. tachyon 1967–
      A hypothetical particle which travels faster than light (and whose rest mass is therefore an imaginary number); the quantum of a field…
   2. leptoquark 1974–
      A hypothetical subatomic particle proposed as a constituent of leptons, in the way that quarks are of hadrons.
   3. wino 1981–
      Each of two hypothetical particles which are supersymmetric counterparts of the W bosons, having a spin of ½ instead of 1.
   4. higgsino 1982–
      A hypothetical particle which is the supersymmetric fermion counterpart of a Higgs boson, with spin ½ instead of 0.
   5. zino 1982–
      A hypothetical subatomic particle which is the supersymmetric counterpart of the Z boson, having a spin of ½ instead of 1.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈziːnəʊ/
ZEE-noh

### U.S. English

/ˈzinoʊ/
ZEE-noh

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zino typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zino is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zino, n., 1980–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1980 | 0.0039
1990 | 0.0039
2000 | 0.0039
2010 | 0.0039

zino, n. was first published in December 2013.

zino, n. was last modified in July 2023.