zoochlorella, n.

zoochlorella
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoochlorella_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoochlorellanoun

## Earlier version

- zoochlorella in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zoochlorella mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zoochlorella. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zoochlorella?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1890 | 0.0028
1900 | 0.0031
1910 | 0.0049
1920 | 0.0061
1930 | 0.0081
1940 | 0.0094
1950 | 0.01
1960 | 0.011
1970 | 0.011
1980 | 0.009
1990 | 0.0083
2000 | 0.007
2010 | 0.0054

### How is the noun zoochlorella pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)klɒˈrɛlə/
zoo-uh-klorr-EL-uh
/ˌzəʊəklɒˈrɛlə/
zoh-uh-klorr-EL-uh

#### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)kləˈrɛlə/
zoo-uh-kluh-REL-uh
/ˌzoʊəkləˈrɛlə/
zoh-uh-kluh-REL-uh

### Where does the noun zoochlorella come from?

Earliest known use

1880s

The earliest known use of the noun zoochlorella is in the 1880s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoochlorella is from 1882, in Popular Science Monthly.

zoochlorella is a borrowing from Latin.

Etymons: Latin Zoochlorella.

### Nearby entries

1. zoo-, comb. form
2. zooarchaeological, adj. 1962–
3. zooarchaeologist, n. 1957–
4. zooarchaeology, n. 1967–
5. zoobenthos, n. 1923–
6. zoocarp, n. 1824–88
7. zoocaulon, n. 1881–
8. zoocentric, adj. 1882–
9. zoochemical, adj. & n. 1844–
10. zoochemistry, n. 1835–
11. zoochlorella, n.1882–
12. zoochore, n. 1904–
13. zoochorous, adj. 1904–
14. zoochory, n. 1921–
15. zoo-crazy, adj. 1938–
16. zoocultural, adj. 1899–
17. zooculture, n. 1873–
18. zoocytium, n. 1880–
19. zoodendrium, n. 1880–
20. Zoodikers, int. 1749–98
21. zoodynamic, adj.?1819–

## Etymology

### Summary

A borrowing from Latin.
Etymon: Latin Zoochlorella.
< scientific Latin Zoochlorella, former genus name (K. Brandt 1881, in Arch. f. Anat. & Physiol.: Physiol. Abt. 571) < zoo- zoo- comb. form + chlor- chlor- comb. form1 + classical Latin ‑ella (see ‑el suffix2).

Compare zooxanthella n.…
< scientific Latin Zoochlorella, former genus name (K. Brandt 1881, in Arch. f. Anat. & Physiol.: Physiol. Abt. 571) < zoo- zoo- comb. form + chlor- chlor- comb. form1 + classical Latin ‑ella (see ‑el suffix2).

Compare zooxanthella n.

### Notes

Compare use of the former genus name in an English context:

1. 1882

   > Dr. Brandt further names the species of algæ in question under two genera, Zoochlorella and Zooxanthella.

   Nature 9 February 338/2

## Meaning & use

Biology.

1. 1882–
   Any of various unicellular green algae (formerly grouped in the genus Zoochlorella) which are symbionts within the cells of certain freshwater and marine invertebrates and protists. Chiefly in plural.
   Zoochlorellae are now placed in multiple genera, esp. the genus Chlorella.
   1. 1882

      > The zoöchlorella and the zoöxanthella are fully competent to maintain the animals in which they live.

      Popular Science Monthly October 836
   2. 1899

      > Among such symbiotic organisms are especially many algæ, the Zooxanthellæ and the Zoochlorellæ.

      F. S. Lee, translation of M. Verworn, General Physiology ii. 84
   3. 1961

      > The green hydra, Chlorohydra viridissima, owes its color to the presence of zoochlorellae in the animal tissues.

      G. K. Reid, Ecol. Inland Waters & Estuaries xi. 216
   4. 1984

      > An intracellular zoochlorella in a white sponge.

      T. L. Simpson, Cell Biol. Sponges iii. 120 (caption)
   5. 2013

      > Some zoochlorellae can be grown independently of their hosts in the laboratory.

      Plant Physiology vol. 162 1217/1
   invertebrates plants
   1. slake?a1505–
      A name given to several species of Algæ, including marine and edible kinds as Ulva and Porphyra, and also the freshwater sorts, as Enteromorpha and…
   2. laver 1611–
      From the 17th cent. applied by writers to various marine algæ, and now used as a trade or culinary name for the edible species. laver bread n. also…
   3. purple laver 1611–
      From the 17th cent. applied by writers to various marine algæ, and now used as a trade or culinary name for the edible species. laver bread n. also…
   4. sea purse 1769–1912
      A green alga which has a soft, globular thallus, Codium bursa, native to coastal waters of the Mediterranean and northeast Atlantic Ocean. Obsolete.
   5. water-net 1821–
      Any freshwater green alga of the genus Hydrodictyon (see hydrodictyon, n.), forming colonies resembling a net or mesh.
   6. red snow 1825–
      = red snow alga, n. Now rare.
   7. red snow plant 1836–
      = red snow alga, n.
   8. hydrodictyon 1841–
      A green freshwater alga of the genus so called; = water-net, n.
   9. Protococcus 1842–
      A genus of the family Ctenocladaceae (formerly Protococcaceae) of unicellular freshwater green algae, chiefly of spherical shape; (also protococcus…
   10. snow plant 1846–
       a. A snow-alga; b. a plant of the Sierra Nevada in California, Sarcodes sanguinea, (see quot. 1905).
   11. red snow alga 1848–
       Any snow alga containing carotenoid pigments that colour snow red; spec. Chlamydomonas nivalis.
   12. blanket weed 1860–
       Any of various filamentous green or yellow-green algae that form slimy green films and mats in ponds and other bodies of fresh and brackish water.
   13. gory dew 1861–
       Resembling gore; blood-red. rare. (Cf. bloody, adj. A.3) gory dew: name of a minute freshwater alga (see quot.).
   14. yellow cell 1861–
       Any of various typically yellow-brown photosynthetic dinoflagellates which frequently live as symbionts within the cells of certain marine…
   15. channelled wrack 1867–
       A common European brown alga with deeply channelled fronds, Pelvetia canaliculata, which forms dense patches on rocks around the high-water mark.
   16. spirogyra 1875–
       A green filamentous freshwater alga of the genus of this name.
   17. phycochrome 1881–88
       Botany. A member of the (former) class Phycochromaceae; a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). Obsolete.
   18. zoochlorella 1882–
       Any of various unicellular green algae (formerly grouped in the genus Zoochlorella) which are symbionts within the cells of certain freshwater and…
   19. chlamydomonas 1884–
       A unicellular, flagellate, green alga, belonging to the class Chlorophyceæ and widely distributed in fresh water.
   20. zygnemid 1887–
       A member of the taxonomic order Zygnemaceae of filamentous freshwater algae.
   21. gonyaulax 1902–
       A dinoflagellate alga of the genus Gonyaulax, often present in red-water (redwater, n. 4).
   22. chlorella 1904–
       A unicellular green alga of the genus so named.
   23. chlorophyte 1937–
       An alga of the division Chlorophyta, typically having two kinds of chlorophyll, cellulose cell walls, and starch grains, as in land plants; a green…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)klɒˈrɛlə/
zoo-uh-klorr-EL-uh
/ˌzəʊəklɒˈrɛlə/
zoh-uh-klorr-EL-uh

### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)kləˈrɛlə/
zoo-uh-kluh-REL-uh
/ˌzoʊəkləˈrɛlə/
zoh-uh-kluh-REL-uh

###
Plural: zoochlorella

### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)klɒˈrɛlə/
zoo-uh-klorr-EL-uh
/ˌzəʊəklɒˈrɛlə/
zoh-uh-klorr-EL-uh

### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)kləˈrɛlə/
zoo-uh-kluh-REL-uh
/ˌzoʊəkləˈrɛlə/
zoh-uh-kluh-REL-uh

###
Plural: zoochlorellae

### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)klɒˈrɛliː/
zoo-uh-klorr-EL-ee
/ˌzəʊəklɒˈrɛliː/
zoh-uh-klorr-EL-ee

### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)kləˈrɛli/
zoo-uh-kluh-REL-ee
/ˌzoʊəkləˈrɛli/
zoh-uh-kluh-REL-ee

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Inflections

Plural: unchanged ( British English /ˌzuː(ə)klɒˈrɛlə/ (zoo-uh-klorr-EL-uh) , /ˌzəʊəklɒˈrɛlə/ (zoh-uh-klorr-EL-uh) , U.S. English /ˌzu(ə)kləˈrɛlə/ (zoo-uh-kluh-REL-uh) , /ˌzoʊəkləˈrɛlə/ (zoh-uh-kluh-REL-uh) ), zoochlorellae ( British English /ˌzuː(ə)klɒˈrɛliː/ (zoo-uh-klorr-EL-ee) , /ˌzəʊəklɒˈrɛliː/ (zoh-uh-klorr-EL-ee) , U.S. English /ˌzu(ə)kləˈrɛli/ (zoo-uh-kluh-REL-ee) , /ˌzoʊəkləˈrɛli/ (zoh-uh-kluh-REL-ee) )

## Frequency

zoochlorella typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zoochlorella is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoochlorella, n., 1890–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1890 | 0.0028
1900 | 0.0031
1910 | 0.0049
1920 | 0.0061
1930 | 0.0081
1940 | 0.0094
1950 | 0.01
1960 | 0.011
1970 | 0.011
1980 | 0.009
1990 | 0.0083
2000 | 0.007
2010 | 0.0054

zoochlorella, n. was revised in June 2017.

zoochlorella, n. was last modified in July 2023.