zeranol, n.

zeranol
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zeranol_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2018

# zeranolnoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zeranol mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zeranol. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zeranol?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1970 | 0.0062
1980 | 0.006
1990 | 0.006
2000 | 0.006
2010 | 0.0071

### How is the noun zeranol pronounced?

#### British English

/ˈzɪərənɒl/
ZEER-uh-nol

#### U.S. English

/ˈzɪrəˌnɔl/
ZEER-uh-nawl
/ˈzɪrəˌnɑl/
ZEER-uh-nahl

### Where does the noun zeranol come from?

Earliest known use

1970s

The earliest known use of the noun zeranol is in the 1970s.

OED's earliest evidence for zeranol is from 1971, in Journal Animal Science.

zeranol is formed within English, by clipping or shortening.

Etymons: zearalanol n.

### Nearby entries

1. Zepp, v. 1914–
2. Zeppelin, n. 1896–
3. zeppelin, v. 1910–
4. Zeppelined, adj. 1915–
5. Zeppelining, n. 1915–
6. Zeppelinist, n. 1912–
7. Zeppelinistic, adj. 1930–
8. Zeppelinite, n. 1909–
9. zeppole, n. 1835–
10. zepto-, comb. form
11. zeranol, n.1971–
12. zerda, n. 1780–1860
13. zerk, n. 1926–
14. zero, n. & adj. 1604–
15. zero, v. 1813–
16. zeroable, adj. 1956–
17. zero balance, adj. 1974–
18. zero-base, adj. 1962–
19. zero-based, adj. 1963–
20. zero beat, n. 1920–
21. zero-carbon, adj. 1990–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by clipping or shortening.
Shortened < zearalanol n.

## Meaning & use

Veterinary Medicine.

1. 1971–
   A synthetic oestrogen used as a growth promoter in livestock. Also called zearalanol.
   Zeranol is a lactone of resorcylic acid. Formula: C18H26O5.
   1. 1971

      > One lot of steers on each protein level was implanted with 36 mg zeranol on days 7 and 84 of the 169-day trial.

      Journal Animal Science vol. 33 275
   2. 1988

      > In America, five growth hormones are still widely used in meat production, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, zeranol and trenbolone—the last two of which are synthetic.

      Daily Telegraph 28 December 1/3
   3. 2012

      > Beef and liver samples collected from government cooperative supermarkets and private butchers were free of zeranol.

      R. Blair, Organic Production & Food Quality vi. 124
   agriculture life sciences veterinary medicine
   1. thyro-iodine 1896–
      A substance containing iodine, obtained by decomposition of thyroglobulin, which has been thought to be the active principle of the gland: now…
   2. sex hormone 1915–
      Any of the (natural or synthetic) hormones that affect sexual development or behaviour, esp. those produced by the gonads.
   3. follicular hormone 1917–
      Any hormone produced by cells of the ovarian follicle; esp. oestrone.
   4. parathormone 1925–
      = parathyroid hormone n. at parathyroid, adj. A.I.2. Formerly a proprietary name in the United States.
   5. parathyroid hormone 1925–
      A polypeptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, which acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestine to increase the amount of calcium in…
   6. adrenal cortical hormone 1926–
      Any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex; esp. cortisol or other glucocorticoid.
   7. oestrin 1926–
      Oestrogen; an oestrogen, spec. oestrone.
   8. oestrogen 1927–
      Any of a group of naturally occurring hormones and synthetic compounds that are capable of regulating sexual development and function in female…
   9. relaxin 1930–
      A polypeptide hormone secreted by the corpus luteum (and by the placenta during pregnancy), the primary action of which is to cause softening of…
   10. theelin 1930–
       = oestrone, n.
   11. prolan 1931–
       Any of several female gonadotrophic hormones, esp. human chorionic gonadotropin.
   12. theelol 1931–
       = oestriol, n.
   13. galactin 1932–
       = prolactin, n. Now rare.
   14. inhibin 1932–
       A gonadal hormone which inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
   15. prolactin 1932–
       A polypeptide hormone that promotes lactation, secreted by the anterior pituitary. Cf. lactogen, n.
   16. oestriol 1933–
       A relatively weak oestrogenic hormone, produced mainly during pregancy; (16α,17β)-estra-1,3,5-triene-3,16,17-triol, C18H21(OH)3.
   17. oestrone 1933–
       An oestrogenic hormone less potent than oestradiol, produced by the ovaries and peripheral tissues, esp. during pregnancy…
   18. oestradiol 1934–
       The most potent naturally occurring oestrogenic hormone, which is the principal hormone produced by the ovaries of vertebrates…
   19. adrenocorticotropic hormone 1937–
       A peptide hormone which is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex; abbreviated ACTH.
   20. corticotropin 1942–
       = adrenocorticotropin, n.
   21. ACTH 1943–
       Adrenocorticotropic hormone.
   22. adrenocorticotrophin 1943–
       = adrenocorticotropic hormone, n.
   23. pancreozymin 1943–
       A peptide hormone that stimulates enzyme secretion by the pancreas (now recognized to be identical with cholecystokinin).
   24. ADH 1945–
       Antidiuretic hormone.
   25. adrenocorticotropin 1945–
       = adrenocorticotropic hormone, n.
   26. lactogen 1946–
       Any lactogenic hormone; spec. = prolactin, n.
   27. cortisone 1949–
       A steroid hormone (C21H28O5) found in the adrenal cortex and prepared synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory agent in rheumatoid…
   28. mineralocorticoid 1950–
       Any steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that acts to regulate salt and water balance in the body; esp. aldosterone. Also: any synthetic…
   29. environmental hormone 1952–
       A substance in the external environment that mimics the action of a hormone or otherwise alters the endocrine or physiological function of an…
   30. electrocortin 1953–
       = aldosterone, n.
   31. aldosterone 1954–
       A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex which is a potent mineralocorticoid, acting to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water and…
   32. angiotensin 1958–
       An octapeptide (peptide of eight amino acids) that causes blood vessels to constrict and stimulates the production of aldosterone, thus…
   33. melatonin 1958–
       A hormone, synthesized from serotonin by cells of the pineal gland and retina, which opposes the effect of MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone)…
   34. calcitonin 1961–
       A polypeptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid in mammals and by the ultimobranchial body in other vertebrates, which…
   35. satiety hormone 1965–
       Any hormone (or putative hormone) involved in the production of the physiological state of satiety.
   36. zeranol 1971–
       A synthetic oestrogen used as a growth promoter in livestock. Also called zearalanol.
   37. amylin 1988–
       Physiol. A peptide hormone, found as amyloid deposits in the pancreas in certain types of diabetes, which is thought to decrease the rate of…
   38. adiponectin 1999–
       A protein hormone which is produced by fat cells and released in high concentrations into the blood, and which has a variety of physiological…
   39. adipokine 2001–
       Any of a group of cytokine hormones synthesized by adipose tissue, including leptin and adiponectin.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˈzɪərənɒl/
ZEER-uh-nol

### U.S. English

/ˈzɪrəˌnɔl/
ZEER-uh-nawl
/ˈzɪrəˌnɑl/
ZEER-uh-nahl

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zeranol typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zeranol is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zeranol, n., 1970–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1970 | 0.0062
1980 | 0.006
1990 | 0.006
2000 | 0.006
2010 | 0.0071

zeranol, n. was revised in June 2018.

zeranol, n. was last modified in July 2023.