Zinovievite, adj. & n.

zinovievite
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zinovievite_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2021

# Zinovieviteadjective & noun

## Factsheet

### What does the word Zinovievite mean?

There are two meanings listed in OED's entry for the word Zinovievite. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the word Zinovievite?

About 0.02occurrences per million words in modern written English

1930 | 0.043
1940 | 0.038
1950 | 0.033
1960 | 0.03
1970 | 0.022
1980 | 0.021
1990 | 0.014
2000 | 0.011
2010 | 0.0096

### How is the word Zinovievite pronounced?

#### British English

/zᵻˈnɒviɛfʌɪt/
zuh-NOV-ee-eff-ight
/zᵻˈnɒviɛvʌɪt/
zuh-NOV-ee-ev-ight

#### U.S. English

/zɪˈnoʊviɛˌfaɪt/
zin-OH-vee-eff-ight
/zɪˈnoʊviɛˌvaɪt/
zin-OH-vee-ev-ight

### Where does the word Zinovievite come from?

Earliest known use

1930s

The earliest known use of the word Zinovievite is in the 1930s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zinovievite is from 1936.

From a proper name, combined with an English element.

Etymons: Zinoviev, ‑ite suffix1.

### Nearby entries

1. zinging, adj. 1915–
2. zingingly, adv. 1952–
3. zingo, int. 1906–
4. zingy, adj. 1938–
5. Zinjanthropus, n. 1959–
6. zinke, n. 1773–
7. zinnia, n. 1761–
8. zinnober green, n. 1879–
9. zinnwaldite, n. 1850–
10. zino, n. 1982–
11. Zinovievite, adj. & n.1936–
12. Zinoviev letter, n. 1924–
13. Zion, n. Old English–
14. Zion Curtain, n. 1951–
15. Zioner, n. 1681–1760
16. Zionism, n. 1896–
17. Zionist, n. & adj. a1649–
18. Zionistic, adj. 1887–
19. Zionite, n. 1596–
20. Zionless, adj. 1908
21. Zionward, adv. 1647–

## Etymology

### Summary

From a proper name, combined with an English element.
Etymons: Zinoviev, ‑ite suffix1.
< Grigori Zinoviev, the assumed name of J. A. Radomysl′skij (1883–1936) + ‑ite suffix1.

Compare Zinoviev letter n.

## Meaning & use

Now historical.

1. adjective
   1. 1936–
      Relating to or supporting Grigori Zinoviev, Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician who was executed by Stalin in 1936.
      1. 1936

         > Report of court proceedings: The case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite terrorist centre, heard before the Military collegium of the Supreme court of the U.S.S.R.

         (title)
      2. 1989

         > Nikolayev and his friends and relations, as well as six unconnected former supporters of the left-wing ‘Zinovievite’ party faction, were tried as members of a terrorist conspiracy and shot.

         Independent 17 May 24/5
      3. 1999

         > He advocated a relaxation in policies not only toward the peasantry but also toward the former Zinovievite left opposition.

         A. Knight, Who killed Kirov? vii. 178
      politics historical
      1. Zinovievite 1936–
         Relating to or supporting Grigori Zinoviev, Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician who was executed by Stalin in 1936.
      2. Khrushchevian 1961–
         Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Khrushchev or his policies.
      3. Gorbachevian 1984–
         Of, relating to, or characteristic of Mikhail Gorbachev or the policies associated with him, esp. those of glasnost and perestroika.
      View in Historical Thesaurus
2. noun
   1. 1937–
      A supporter of Grigori Zinoviev, Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician who was executed by Stalin in 1936.
      1. 1937

         > The Trotskyites and Zinovievites were implacable adversaries of the League of Nations.

         Foreign Affairs vol. 16 50
      2. 1970

         > The Fifteenth Party Congress, at which Stalin and his supporters squared off against the Zinovievites, or ‘Leningrad opposition’, as they were then called.

         S. Talbott, translation of N. Krushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (1971) i. 28
      3. 2015

         > Anyone who had been in the Leningrad party in the mid-1920s was in some sense a Zinovievite, since Zinoviev was the Leningrad party boss.

         S. Fitzpatrick, On Stalin's Team (2017) iv. 112
      politics historical
      1. Bukharinist 1937–
      2. Zinovievite 1937–
         A supporter of Grigori Zinoviev, Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician who was executed by Stalin in 1936.
      View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/zᵻˈnɒviɛfʌɪt/
zuh-NOV-ee-eff-ight
/zᵻˈnɒviɛvʌɪt/
zuh-NOV-ee-ev-ight

### U.S. English

/zɪˈnoʊviɛˌfaɪt/
zin-OH-vee-eff-ight
/zɪˈnoʊviɛˌvaɪt/
zin-OH-vee-ev-ight
/zɪˈnɑviɛˌfaɪt/
zin-AH-vee-eff-ight
/zɪˈnɑviɛˌvaɪt/
zin-AH-vee-ev-ight

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

Zinovievite typically occurs about 0.02 times per million words in modern written English.

Zinovievite is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zinovievite, adj. & n., 1930–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1930 | 0.043
1940 | 0.038
1950 | 0.033
1960 | 0.03
1970 | 0.022
1980 | 0.021
1990 | 0.014
2000 | 0.011
2010 | 0.0096

Originally published as part of the entry for Zinoviev letter, n.

Zinovievite, adj. & n. was revised in March 2021.

Zinovievite, adj. & n. was last modified in July 2023.