zoographic, adj.

zoographic
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoographic_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoographicadjective

## Earlier version

- zoographic, a. in OED Second Edition (1989)

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective zoographic mean?

There are two meanings listed in OED's entry for the adjective zoographic. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

zoographic has developed meanings and uses in subjects including

painting (mid 1700s) animals (mid 1700s)

### How common is the adjective zoographic?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1810 | 0.0007
1820 | 0.0005
1830 | 0.0004
1840 | 0.0004
1850 | 0.0005
1860 | 0.0006
1870 | 0.0004
1880 | 0.0004
1890 | 0.0005
1900 | 0.0005
1910 | 0.0005
1920 | 0.0002
1930 | 0.0002
1940 | 0.0002
1950 | 0.0003
1960 | 0.0003
1970 | 0.0003
1980 | 0.0004
1990 | 0.0004
2000 | 0.0004
2010 | 0.0004

### How is the adjective zoographic pronounced?

#### British English

/zəʊəˈɡrafɪk/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-ik
/zuː(ə)ˈɡrafɪk/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-ik

#### U.S. English

/ˌzuəˈɡræfɪk/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-ik
/ˌzoʊəˈɡræfɪk/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-ik

### Where does the adjective zoographic come from?

Earliest known use

mid 1700s

The earliest known use of the adjective zoographic is in the mid 1700s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoographic is from 1741, in the writing of William Warburton, bishop of Gloucester and religious controversialist.

zoographic is formed within English, by derivation.

Etymons: zoography n., ‑ic suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zoogeologist, n. 1844–
2. zoogeology, n. 1838–
3. zoogloea, n. 1861–
4. zoogloeal, adj. 1879–
5. zoogloeic, adj. 1883–
6. zoogonic, adj. 1787–
7. zoogonidium, n. 1857–
8. zoogony, n. 1675–
9. zoograph, n. 1623
10. zoographer, n. 1646–
11. zoographic, adj.1741–
12. zoographical, adj. 1651–
13. zoographically, adv. 1835–
14. zoographist, n. 1749–1874
15. zoography, n. 1593–
16. zoogyroscope, n. 1880–
17. zooid, n. 1851–
18. zooid, adj. 1849
19. zooidal, adj. 1858–
20. zooidogamous, adj. 1891–
21. zookeeper, n. 1886–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by derivation.
Etymons: zoography n., ‑ic suffix.
< zoography n. + ‑ic suffix.

Compare earlier zoographical adj.…
< zoography n. + ‑ic suffix.

Compare earlier zoographical adj.

### Notes

With sense 1 compare ancient Greek ζωγραϕικός skilled in painting (perhaps originally painting from life: see zoograph n.), in Hellenistic Greek also connected with painting, used by painters, post-classical Latin zoographicus of or relating to painting (1658 or earlier).
With sense 2 compare ‑graphic comb. form; with this sense compare also French †zoographique (1771).

## Meaning & use

1. 1.
   1741–
   Of or relating to the depiction or representation of animals or living creatures in general; (sometimes more generally) pictorial; representative. Cf. zoography n. 2. Now rare.
   1. 1741

      > A new Species of Zoographic Writing, called by the Ancients Symbolic.

      W. Warburton, Divine Legation of Moses vol. II. iv. iv. 111
   2. 1870

      > Both arts [sc. painting and sculpture]..so far as they are zoo-graphic;—representative, that is to say, of animal life.

      J. Ruskin, Aratra Pentelici iv. §110
   3. 1881

      > He it was, and not Polygnotos, whose lifelike figures earned him a similar zoographic reputation to that of Giotto.

      Academy 17 September 224
   4. 1934

      > Zoographic decoration..and a concentration of ornament on the shoulder and round the handles are broad characteristics of Geometric..art.

      Annals of Brit. School Athens 1931–2 vol. 32 166
   5. 2011

      > The iconographic, anthropomorphic, and zoographic possibilities inherent in the graphic structure of the script.

      Journal of American Oriental Society vol. 131 494
   painting animals
   1. zoographic 1741–
      Of or relating to the depiction or representation of animals or living creatures in general; (sometimes more generally) pictorial…
   View in Historical Thesaurus
   1. zoographical 1651–
      Of or relating to the description or representation of animals; esp. of or relating to the scientific description or study of animals and their…
   2. zoographic 1741–
      Of or relating to the depiction or representation of animals or living creatures in general; (sometimes more generally) pictorial…
   View in Historical Thesaurus
2. 2.
   1829–
   Of or relating to the description of animals and their characteristics. In later use esp.: of or relating to (the study of) the geographical distribution of animals; = zoogeographic adj. Cf. zoography n. 1.
   1. 1829

      > The earlier naturalists, to whom little more than the external structure of animals was known..selected for their zoographic signs the most obvious features of exterior form.

      Quarterly Journal Science, Literature, & Art October 336
   2. 1879

      > The deeps surrounding our country may from a physiographic and zoögraphic point of view be divided into two very different regions, viz, the warm and the cold area.

      G. O. Sars in Rep. Commissioner 1877 (U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries) vol. V. App. A. 685
   3. 1905

      > Our current phytographic and zoographic methods do not allow us to express our ideas of species.

      Science 7 April 534/2
   4. 1968

      > T. Northcott..headed-up the Zoographic and Phytographic aspects of the project.

      American Antiquity vol. 33 529/1
   5. 1981

      > Efforts to reduce the incidence of animal bites must take into account the demographic, zoographic, and environmental factors.

      Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) vol. 96 583/2
   6. 2009

      > Radiotelemetry is used extensively in zoographic studies in general and studies of northern bobwhite..in particular.

      Journal Wildlife Management vol. 73 989/1
   animals
   1. zoographic 1829–
      Of or relating to the description of animals and their characteristics. In later use esp.: of or relating to (the study of) the geographical…
   2. zoogeographical 1864–
      Of or relating to zoogeography; = zoogeographic, adj.
   3. zoogeographic 1875–
      Of or relating to zoogeography; = zoogeographical, adj.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/zəʊəˈɡrafɪk/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-ik
/zuː(ə)ˈɡrafɪk/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-ik

### U.S. English

/ˌzuəˈɡræfɪk/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-ik
/ˌzoʊəˈɡræfɪk/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-ik

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

zoographic typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zoographic is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoographic, adj., 1810–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1810 | 0.0007
1820 | 0.0005
1830 | 0.0004
1840 | 0.0004
1850 | 0.0005
1860 | 0.0006
1870 | 0.0004
1880 | 0.0004
1890 | 0.0005
1900 | 0.0005
1910 | 0.0005
1920 | 0.0002
1930 | 0.0002
1940 | 0.0002
1950 | 0.0003
1960 | 0.0003
1970 | 0.0003
1980 | 0.0004
1990 | 0.0004
2000 | 0.0004
2010 | 0.0004

zoographic, adj. was revised in June 2017.

zoographic, adj. was last modified in September 2024.