zoogonidium, n.

zoogonidium
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoogonidium_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoogonidiumnoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zoogonidium mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zoogonidium. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zoogonidium?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1870 | 0.0074
1880 | 0.0092
1890 | 0.008
1900 | 0.0071
1910 | 0.0071
1920 | 0.0059
1930 | 0.0033
1940 | 0.0029
1950 | 0.0006
1960 | 0.0003
1970 | 0.00005
1980 | 0.00005
1990 | 0.00006
2000 | 0.00006
2010 | 0.00002

### How is the noun zoogonidium pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)ɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoo-oh-guh-NID-ee-uhm
/ˌzəʊə(ʊ)ɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoh-oh-guh-NID-ee-uhm

#### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊəɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoh-uh-guh-NID-ee-uhm
/ˌzuəɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoo-uh-guh-NID-ee-uhm

### Where does the noun zoogonidium come from?

Earliest known use

1850s

The earliest known use of the noun zoogonidium is in the 1850s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoogonidium is from 1857, in Transactions Microsc. Society.

### Nearby entries

1. zoogeographical, adj. 1864–
2. zoogeographically, adv. 1883–
3. zoogeography, n. 1851–
4. zoogeological, adj. 1841–
5. zoogeologist, n. 1844–
6. zoogeology, n. 1838–
7. zoogloea, n. 1861–
8. zoogloeal, adj. 1879–
9. zoogloeic, adj. 1883–
10. zoogonic, adj. 1787–
11. zoogonidium, n.1857–
12. zoogony, n. 1675–
13. zoograph, n. 1623
14. zoographer, n. 1646–
15. zoographic, adj. 1741–
16. zoographical, adj. 1651–
17. zoographically, adv. 1835–
18. zoographist, n. 1749–1874
19. zoography, n. 1593–
20. zoogyroscope, n. 1880–
21. zooid, n. 1851–

## Etymology

After scientific Latin zoogonidium (1855 or earlier).

## Meaning & use

Now rare.

1. 1857–
   (In algae) a motile gonidium.
   1. 1857

      > Zoogonidia, which become united after a motile stage, and grow into immotile cells.

      Transactions Microsc. Society vol. 5 94
   2. 1872

      > Non-sexual propagation taking place by means of motile gonidia (..by some called zoogonidia).

      H. C. Wood, Contribution to History of Freshwater Algæ 99
   3. 1936

      > Zoogonidia very numerous, biciliate.

      A. H. S. Lucas, Seaweeds S. Australia 32
   plants
   1. anthosperm 1844–47
      A small reproductive structure in certain algae; (probably) a tetraspore.
   2. trichosporangium 1857–
      Plural trichospoˈrangia (also anglicized triˈchosporange) Botany, Thuret's term for the multilocular sporangium of certain fucoid algæ, which…
   3. zoogonidium 1857–
      (In algae) a motile gonidium.
   4. octospore 1870–
      Any of a group of eight spores derived from a single progenitor cell.
   5. macrozoogonidium 1880–
   6. parthenospore 1881–
      A thick-walled spore resembling a zygospore but produced parthenogenetically in certain algae and fungi.
   7. akinete 1884–
      In certain algae and cyanobacteria: a thick-walled non-motile resting cell or spore, formed asexually without division by the differentiation of a…
   8. parthenogonidium 1885–
      An algal gonidium; = gonidium, n. 2a.
   9. parthenosperm 1889
      = parthenospore, n. Obsolete.
   10. phycobilin 1945–
       Any of a group of tetrapyrrole compounds that are present in some algae as the prosthetic groups of phycocyanins and phycoerythrins. Also: (more…
   11. phycobiliprotein 1966–
       Any chromoprotein in which a phycobilin is the prosthetic group; a phycocyanin or a phycoerythrin.
   12. phycobilisome 1966–
       In certain algae: a photosynthetic granule containing phycobiliprotein.
   13. phycoplast 1972–
       An array of microtubules located in the plane of division during cytokinesis in certain green algae. Cf. phragmoplast, n.
   14. mesoplast 1975–
       Cell Biology. In algal cells: a type of phycoplast which develops among the remnants of the interzonal spindle after mitosis, and is not associated…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuːə(ʊ)ɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoo-oh-guh-NID-ee-uhm
/ˌzəʊə(ʊ)ɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoh-oh-guh-NID-ee-uhm

### U.S. English

/ˌzoʊəɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoh-uh-guh-NID-ee-uhm
/ˌzuəɡəˈnɪdiəm/
zoo-uh-guh-NID-ee-uhm

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

Plural zoogonidia.

## Frequency

zoogonidium typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zoogonidium is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoogonidium, n., 1870–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1870 | 0.0074
1880 | 0.0092
1890 | 0.008
1900 | 0.0071
1910 | 0.0071
1920 | 0.0059
1930 | 0.0033
1940 | 0.0029
1950 | 0.0006
1960 | 0.0003
1970 | 0.00005
1980 | 0.00005
1990 | 0.00006
2000 | 0.00006
2010 | 0.00002

Originally published as part of the entry for zoo-, comb. form

zoo-, comb. form was revised in June 2017.