zoographical, adj.

zoographical
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoographical_adj%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoographicaladjective

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective zoographical mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adjective zoographical. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the adjective zoographical?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1820 | 0.0008
1830 | 0.0009
1840 | 0.0009
1850 | 0.0011
1860 | 0.0011
1870 | 0.0013
1880 | 0.0014
1890 | 0.0012
1900 | 0.0011
1910 | 0.0011
1920 | 0.0009
1930 | 0.0008
1940 | 0.0006
1950 | 0.0006
1960 | 0.0005
1970 | 0.0005
1980 | 0.0005
1990 | 0.0004
2000 | 0.0004
2010 | 0.0002

### How is the adjective zoographical pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)ˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzəʊəˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

#### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzoʊəˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

### Where does the adjective zoographical come from?

Earliest known use

mid 1600s

The earliest known use of the adjective zoographical is in the mid 1600s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoographical is from 1651, in the writing of Henry More, philosopher, poet, and theologian.

zoographical is formed within English, by derivation.

Etymons: zoography n., ‑ical suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zoogeology, n. 1838–
2. zoogloea, n. 1861–
3. zoogloeal, adj. 1879–
4. zoogloeic, adj. 1883–
5. zoogonic, adj. 1787–
6. zoogonidium, n. 1857–
7. zoogony, n. 1675–
8. zoograph, n. 1623
9. zoographer, n. 1646–
10. zoographic, adj. 1741–
11. zoographical, adj.1651–
12. zoographically, adv. 1835–
13. zoographist, n. 1749–1874
14. zoography, n. 1593–
15. zoogyroscope, n. 1880–
16. zooid, n. 1851–
17. zooid, adj. 1849
18. zooidal, adj. 1858–
19. zooidogamous, adj. 1891–
20. zookeeper, n. 1886–
21. zookeeping, n. 1929–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by derivation.
Etymons: zoography n., ‑ical suffix.
< zoography n. + ‑ical suffix.

Compare the Latin and Greek forms cited at zoographic adj.

## Meaning & use

1. 1651–
   Of or relating to the description or representation of animals; esp. of or relating to the scientific description or study of animals and their characteristics. Cf. zoographic adj.
   1. 1651

      > Now to passe my censure on this rare Zoographicall peice.

      H. More, Second Lash of Alazonomastix 66
   2. 1676

      > Zoographical, belonging to a Zoographer, an author of Zoography, a description (or painting) of beasts.

      E. Coles, English Dictionary
   3. ?1800

      > The school posesses a very good Zoographical Library.

      C. F. Schneider, Danish Grammar 183
   4. 1829

      > An obvious external character will be commonly the most useful sign; not only in a popular, but also in every system of zoographical arrangement.

      Quarterly Journal Science, Literature & Art 339
   5. 1856

      > Before commencing the zoographical portion of the present memoir, there still remains to be considered a subject of great interest to the philosophical zoologist.

      G. J. Allman, Monograph of Fresh-water Polyzoa 43
   6. 1902

      > A full review of all geographical, geodetical, zoographical..and statistical work done every year both in Russia and elsewhere.

      Geographical Journal vol. 19 515
   7. 1962

      > Physical maps, comprising geological, climatic, phenological, hydrographical, botanical and zoographical maps.

      Geographical Journal vol. 128 337
   8. 2004

      > The Arab encyclopaediast an-Nuwairi..classified it in the zoographical part of his work as belonging to the ‘poisonous animals’.

      Asian Folklore Studies vol. 63 98
   painting animals
   1. zoographical 1651–
      Of or relating to the description or representation of animals; esp. of or relating to the scientific description or study of animals and their…
   View in Historical Thesaurus
   1. zoographical 1651–
      Of or relating to the description or representation of animals; esp. of or relating to the scientific description or study of animals and their…
   2. zoographic 1741–
      Of or relating to the depiction or representation of animals or living creatures in general; (sometimes more generally) pictorial…
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)ˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzəʊəˈɡrafᵻkl/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoo-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl
/ˌzoʊəˈɡræfək(ə)l/
zoh-uh-GRAFF-uh-kuhl

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. 1600s
   zoographicall
2. 1600s–
   zoographical
3. 1800s–1900s
   zoögraphical

## Frequency

zoographical typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

zoographical is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoographical, adj., 1820–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1820 | 0.0008
1830 | 0.0009
1840 | 0.0009
1850 | 0.0011
1860 | 0.0011
1870 | 0.0013
1880 | 0.0014
1890 | 0.0012
1900 | 0.0011
1910 | 0.0011
1920 | 0.0009
1930 | 0.0008
1940 | 0.0006
1950 | 0.0006
1960 | 0.0005
1970 | 0.0005
1980 | 0.0005
1990 | 0.0004
2000 | 0.0004
2010 | 0.0002

## Compounds & derived words

Sort by

1. zoographically, adv. 1835–
   In relation to zoography; as regards descriptive…

Originally published as part of the entry for zoographic, adj.

zoographical, adj. was revised in June 2017.

zoographical, adj. was last modified in July 2023.