zoopraxiscopenoun
Factsheet
What does the noun zoopraxiscope mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zoopraxiscope. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
How common is the noun zoopraxiscope?
| 1880 | 0.0007 |
| 1890 | 0.0007 |
| 1900 | 0.0011 |
| 1910 | 0.0016 |
| 1920 | 0.002 |
| 1930 | 0.0022 |
| 1940 | 0.0028 |
| 1950 | 0.003 |
| 1960 | 0.0037 |
| 1970 | 0.004 |
| 1980 | 0.0041 |
| 1990 | 0.0043 |
| 2000 | 0.0047 |
| 2010 | 0.0047 |
How is the noun zoopraxiscope pronounced?
British English
U.S. English
Where does the noun zoopraxiscope come from?
Earliest known use
1880s
The earliest known use of the noun zoopraxiscope is in the 1880s.
OED's earliest evidence for zoopraxiscope is from 1881, in the Leeds Mercury.
zoopraxiscope is a borrowing from Greek, combined with English elements.
Etymons: zoo- comb. form, Greek πράξεως, πρᾶξις, ‑scope comb. form.
Nearby entries
- zoophytologist, n.1835–
- zoophytology, n.1815–
- zoophyton, n.1601–
- zooplankter, n.1935–
- zooplanktivore, n.1972–
- zooplanktivorous, adj.1971–
- zooplankton, n.1897–
- zooplanktonic, adj.1912–
- zooplastic, adj.a1855–
- zoopraxinoscope, n.1889–
- zoopraxiscope, n.1881–
- zoopraxography, n.1891–
- zoopsychology, n.1847–
- zooscopic, adj.1817–
- zooscopy, n.1891–
- zoosematic, adj.1898–1909
- zoosemiotics, n.1963–
- zoosophy, n.1662–1848
- zoosperm, n.1824–
- zoospermatic, adj.1845–79
- zoosporangiophore, n.1889–
Etymology
Summary
Notes
Meaning & use
- 1881–A modified form of zoetrope used to project a series of photographic images of animals or other subjects in order to display their movement; cf. zoogyroscope n.
- 1881
The Zoöpraxeoscope is..the zoögyroscope in an improved form.
Leeds Mercury 31 May 5 - 1889
Mr. Muybridge, of Philadelphia, lectured on ‘The Science of Animal Locomotion in its Relation to Design in Art.’.. The lecturer by the zoopraxiscope and its limelight displayed a great number of illustrations.
Athenæum 16 March 352/3 - 1903
The first step toward this was..the above-mentioned zoopraxiscope, in which, when the machine was turned round, the action of horse and man was seen in every detail.
Wilson's Photogr. Magazine February 81/2 - 2007
On February 27, 1888.., Muybridge had given Edison a demonstration of his animal locomotion studies using his projecting Zoopraxiscope.
R. Zone, Stereoscopic Cinema & Origins 3-D Film iii. 36
- multiplying-glass1639–1865A toy consisting of a concave glass or lens, the surface of which is cut into facets so as to give numerous reflections of an observed object. Also…
- Cartesian devil1731–A philosophical toy, consisting of a hollow figure, partly filled with water and partly with air, and made to float in a vessel nearly filled with…
- kaleidoscope1817–An optical instrument, consisting of from two to four reflecting surfaces placed in a tube, at one end of which is a small compartment containing…
- myriorama1823–A picture consisting of a number of separate sections which are capable of being combined in numerous ways to form different scenes.
- thaumatrope1827–A scientific toy illustrating the persistence of visual impressions, consisting of a card or disk with two different figures drawn upon the two…
- bottle imp1833–A toy consisting of a hollow figure which sinks and rises in a container of water; = Cartesian diver Cartesian devil n. at Cartesian, adj. & n.…
- phantasmascope1833–= phenakistoscope, n.
- phenakistoscope1834–A toy consisting of a disc or drum with figures representing a moving object in successive positions arranged radially on it, to be viewed in such a…
- stroboscope1836–A scientific toy which produces the illusion of motion by a series of pictures viewed through the openings of a revolving disc.
- anorthoscope1842–An optical toy for viewing distorted figures drawn on a rotating disk.
- tantalus-cup1842–See quot. 1842; also figurative.
- phantascope1851–= phenakistoscope, n.
- phantoscope1861–= phenakistoscope, n.
- Pharaoh's serpent1863–A chemical toy composed of mercury thiocyanate, which, when ignited, burns slowly, leaving a brown ash residue which forms a snakelike trail.
- phosphoroscope1866–81A scientific toy consisting of an arrangement of glass tubes containing various phosphorescent substances, each of which glows with a different…
- zoetrope1866–An optical device or toy consisting of a cylinder with a series of pictures on the inner surface that, when viewed through slits with the…
- metamorphoscope1867–77An optical toy which displays pictures composed of a permutation of different sections (see quots.).
- wheel of life1872–= zoetrope, n.
- myrioscope1875–A kind of kaleidoscope in which patterns are produced by continuous movement of a flat object of fixed design, such as a piece of embroidery, in…
- praxinoscope1878–A toy resembling a zoetrope, in which a series of figures representing successive positions of a moving object are arranged on the inner surface…
- zoopraxiscope1881–A modified form of zoetrope used to project a series of photographic images of animals or other subjects in order to display their movement; cf. z…
- phantoscope1894A kaleidoscope into one end of which an object can be placed to be viewed. Obsolete.
- Newton's cradle1971–Physics. attributive and in the genitive. Designating or relating to physical phenomena, concepts… A toy consisting of a number of small metal balls…
Pronunciation
British English
U.S. English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Forms
Variant forms
α.
- 1800szoöpraxeoscope
β.
- 1800s–zoopraxiscope, zoöpraxiscope
Frequency
zoopraxiscope typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
zoopraxiscope is in frequency band 2, which contains words occurring between 0.001 and 0.01 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of zoopraxiscope, n., 1880–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1880 | 0.0007 |
| 1890 | 0.0007 |
| 1900 | 0.0011 |
| 1910 | 0.0016 |
| 1920 | 0.002 |
| 1930 | 0.0022 |
| 1940 | 0.0028 |
| 1950 | 0.003 |
| 1960 | 0.0037 |
| 1970 | 0.004 |
| 1980 | 0.0041 |
| 1990 | 0.0043 |
| 2000 | 0.0047 |
| 2010 | 0.0047 |