Zygomycetesnoun
Factsheet
What does the noun Zygomycetes mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun Zygomycetes. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
Entry status
OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.
How common is the noun Zygomycetes?
| 1880 | 0.021 |
| 1890 | 0.023 |
| 1900 | 0.023 |
| 1910 | 0.022 |
| 1920 | 0.021 |
| 1930 | 0.019 |
| 1940 | 0.021 |
| 1950 | 0.023 |
| 1960 | 0.024 |
| 1970 | 0.026 |
| 1980 | 0.03 |
| 1990 | 0.033 |
| 2000 | 0.036 |
| 2010 | 0.038 |
How is the noun Zygomycetes pronounced?
British English
U.S. English
Where does the noun Zygomycetes come from?
Earliest known use
1880s
The earliest known use of the noun Zygomycetes is in the 1880s.
OED's earliest evidence for Zygomycetes is from 1887, in a translation by Henry Garnsey and Isaac Bayley Balfour, botanist.
Zygomycetes is a borrowing from Latin.
Nearby entries
- zygogenesis, n.1950–
- zygology, n.1970–
- zygoma, n.1684–
- zygomatic, adj. & n.1712–
- zygomatico-, comb. form
- zygomato-, comb. form
- zygomere, n.1966–
- zygomorphic, adj.1875–
- zygomorphism, n.1875–
- zygomorphous, adj.1879–
- Zygomycetes, n.1887–
- zygomycetous, adj.1928–
- zygon, n.1886–
- zygonema, n.1911–
- zygoneurous, adj.1901–
- zygophiuran, adj. & n.1892–
- zygophore, n.1904–
- zygophyllaceous, adj.1887–
- zygophyte, n.1885–
- zygopleura, n.1883–
- zygopterid, n. & adj.1900–
Etymology
Summary
Meaning & use
- 1887–With plural agreement. A class of saprophytic and parasitic fungi in which sexual reproduction is by fusion of usually similar gametangia to produce a zygospore and asexual reproduction is by means of non-motile spores; fungi of this class. Occasionally in singular Zygomycete noun
- [1874
Brefeld does not admit that Chætocladium and Piptocephalis possess sporangia, but only conidia. According to his views, therefore, the term Zygomycetes is more expressive than Mucorini, which he restricts to the sporangiferous Zygomycetes. This, however, appears to us founded on an error.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science vol. 14 56] - 1887
This coincidence with a fixed period of the year is at least not a general rule in the zygospores of the Zygomycetes.
H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour, translation of H. A. de Bary, Comparative Morphology & Biology of Fungi vi. 345 - 1930
The origin of the Zygomycete line is somewhat more obscure, though forms possessing one or more undoubted zygomycetous characters exist among the Ancylistales and Chytridiales.
H. M. Fitzpatrick, Lower Fungi: Phycomycetes ii. 34 - 1937
The Zygomycetes..are the first fungi to colonise dung.
H. Gwynne-Vaughan & B. F. Barnes, Structure & Development of Fungi (ed. 2) 16 - 1978
There are several eukaryote groups where there is, so far, no solidly based evidence for a flagellate ancestry:..(4) zygomycete fungi.
Bio Systems vol. 10 97/2 - 1979
There are three main methods by which spores are actively released: the bursting of a turgid cell (ascomycetes and some zygomycetes), the rounding off of a surface under tension (some zygomycetes, some basidiomycetes) and the so-called ballistospore discharge.
I. K. Ross, Biology of Fungi xiii. 378
- aecidium1751–Any fungus of the former genus of pathogenic fungi, Aecidium, now known to represent the aecial stage (anamorph) of rusts of the genus Puccinia and…
- Lactarius1821–A large, widely distributed genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi of the family Russulaceae, the members of which typically have a fruiting body with a…
- lower fungus1821–Any of a large group of fungi and fungus-like organisms, including many parasitic and aquatic forms, which are simple in structure and typically…
- Armillaria1829–A genus of agaric (family Tricholomataceae), members of which have an annulus on the stalk; (also armillaria) a fungus of this genus, esp. the…
- russula1835–Any of the mycorrhizal fungi constituting the large genus Russula (family Russulaceae); the (often edible) fleshy fruiting body of such a fungus…
- hyphomycetes1836–With plural agreement. Imperfect fungi of the group Hyphomycetes; filamentous moulds bearing naked, asexual spores.
- Penicillium1836–Mycology. A genus of ascomycetous fungi, including various species causing mould on foodstuffs and storage rots of fruits, and several used…
- discomycete1842–Any of numerous ascomycete fungi constituting the (former) order or class Discomycetes, characterized by a fruiting surface that is well exposed…
- Ascomycetes1857–A class of fungi (see ascomycetous, adj.); in singular ascomycete n. a fungus belonging to this class.
- Pyrenomycetes1857–With singular agreement: a former class of fungi (now called Sordariomycetes), constituting a subgroup of the Ascomycota characterized by having the…
- coniomycetes1866–With plural agreement. A group of fungi, so named from their dusty spores. The division is no longer retained, its members being distributed among…
- phalloid1880–Mycology. A fungus of the order Phallales.
- gasteromycete1885–A gasteromycetous fungus.
- hymenomycete1887–One of the Hymenomycetes, an order of fungi in which the hymenium is on the exposed surface of the sporophore.
- Zygomycetes1887–With plural agreement. A class of saprophytic and parasitic fungi in which sexual reproduction is by fusion of usually similar gametangia to produce…
- phycomycete1889–Any of a large and heterogeneous group of lower fungi comprising the (former) class or suborder Phycomycetes, characterized by mycelia with few…
- half-lichen1892–Any of various ascomycete fungi which live in association with an alga as a parasite.
- autobasidiomycete1895–A fungus belonging to the Autobasidiomycetes, a former division of the phylum Basidiomycota (the basidiomycetes), including mushrooms, toadstools…
- Phomopsis1911–A genus of plant-parasitic mitosporic (imperfect) fungi, members of which are anamorphic forms of the genus Diaporthe (family Valsaceae) and…
- Rhizoctonia1916–A genus of imperfect fungi comprising plant pathogens which attack the roots or lower stem parts of various hosts, and are responsible for a number…
- Rhizoctonia1823–A genus of imperfect fungi comprising plant pathogens which attack the roots or lower stem parts of various hosts, and are responsible for a number…
- discomycetous1855–Of or relating to the (former) order or class Discomycetes of fungi; resembling fungi of this group, esp. in possessing a discocarp; (of lichens)…
- hymenomycetoid1857–Resembling a hymenomycete.
- pyrenomycetous1857–Of or belonging to the former class Pyrenomycetes of fungi; of, relating to, or of the nature of a pyrenomycete.
- gasteromycetous1861–Of, belonging to, or relating to the Gasteromycetes, one of the orders of Fungi.
- hymenomycetous1866–
- ascomycetous1867–
- coniomycetous1872–
- hymenomycetal1875–Belonging to or having the nature of a hymenomycete.
- phycomycetous1883–Of or relating to the former class Phycomycetes of lower fungi; of the nature of a phycomycete.
- hyphomycetous1887–Of or belonging to the Hyphomycetes, a group of fungi consisting simply of hyphæ (Martius Flora Crypt. Erlang. 1817).
- zygomycetous1928–
- Zygomycetes1930–With plural agreement. A class of saprophytic and parasitic fungi in which sexual reproduction is by fusion of usually similar gametangia to produce…
Pronunciation
British English
U.S. English
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Forms
Variant forms
Also (rare) zygomycetes.Frequency
Zygomycetes typically occurs about 0.03 times per million words in modern written English.
Zygomycetes is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands
Frequency of Zygomycetes, n., 1880–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1880 | 0.021 |
| 1890 | 0.023 |
| 1900 | 0.023 |
| 1910 | 0.022 |
| 1920 | 0.021 |
| 1930 | 0.019 |
| 1940 | 0.021 |
| 1950 | 0.023 |
| 1960 | 0.024 |
| 1970 | 0.026 |
| 1980 | 0.03 |
| 1990 | 0.033 |
| 2000 | 0.036 |
| 2010 | 0.038 |