zoogeographer, n.

zoogeographer
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zoogeographer_n%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2017

# zoogeographernoun

## Factsheet

### What does the noun zoogeographer mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun zoogeographer. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the noun zoogeographer?

About 0.02occurrences per million words in modern written English

1860 | 0.002
1870 | 0.0021
1880 | 0.0023
1890 | 0.0027
1900 | 0.0037
1910 | 0.005
1920 | 0.027
1930 | 0.029
1940 | 0.03
1950 | 0.031
1960 | 0.031
1970 | 0.03
1980 | 0.029
1990 | 0.0072
2000 | 0.006
2010 | 0.0048

### How is the noun zoogeographer pronounced?

#### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)dʒiˈɒɡrəfə/
zoo-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fuh
/ˌzəʊədʒiˈɒɡrəfə/
zoh-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fuh

#### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfər/
zoo-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fuhr
/ˌzoʊəˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfər/
zoh-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fuhr

### Where does the noun zoogeographer come from?

Earliest known use

1860s

The earliest known use of the noun zoogeographer is in the 1860s.

OED's earliest evidence for zoogeographer is from 1868, in Proceedings of Zoological Society.

zoogeographer is formed within English, by compounding.

Etymons: zoo- comb. form, geographer n.

### Nearby entries

1. zooecial, adj. 1873–
2. zooecium, n. 1871–
3. zooerythrin, n. 1871–
4. zooflagellate, n. & adj. 1911–
5. zooful, n. 1914–
6. zoofulvin, n. 1871–
7. zoogamete, n. 1879–
8. zoogene, n. 1820–69
9. zoogenic, adj. 1842–
10. zoogeny, n. 1826–
11. zoogeographer, n.1868–
12. zoogeographic, adj. 1875–
13. zoogeographical, adj. 1864–
14. zoogeographically, adv. 1883–
15. zoogeography, n. 1851–
16. zoogeological, adj. 1841–
17. zoogeologist, n. 1844–
18. zoogeology, n. 1838–
19. zoogloea, n. 1861–
20. zoogloeal, adj. 1879–
21. zoogloeic, adj. 1883–

## Etymology

### Summary

Formed within English, by compounding.
< zoo- comb. form + geographer n., after zoogeography n.

## Meaning & use

1. 1868–
   An expert or specialist in zoogeography.
   1. 1868

      > No zoogeographer would ever think of representing the Right Whale, the White Whale, the Narwhal, or the Walrus as regular members of the British fauna.

      Proceedings of Zoological Society 28 May 338
   2. 1875

      > It is therefore..the business of the zoogeographer, who wishes to arrive at the truth, to ascertain what groups of animals are wanting in any particular locality.

      Encyclopædia Britannica vol. III. 738/1
   3. 1919

      > It is possible that zoögeographers and anthropogeographers would hold similar opinions as to the treatment of many problems concerning the well-understood organic elements of landscapes.

      Geographical Review vol. 8 272
   4. 1952

      > One zoologist may be a coleopterist.., and still another a zoogeographer.

      Syst. Zoology vol. 1 26/1
   5. 2000

      > Zoogeographers..have long understood that carnivores stranded on islands are likely to become extinct.

      New York Review of Books 11 May 31/2
   animals physical geography
   1. faunist 1766–
      One who studies or treats of the fauna of a country or district.
   2. marine zoologist 1862–
      A person engaged in or expert in marine zoology.
   3. zoologico-archaeologist 1864
      A person who studies the animal remains from archaeological sites; = zooarchaeologist, n.
   4. zoogeographer 1868–
      An expert or specialist in zoogeography.
   5. neontologist 1889–
      An expert in or student of neontology. Often contrasted with palaeontologist.
   6. animal psychologist 1894–
      An expert or specialist in animal psychology.
   7. palaeozoologist 1897–
      An expert in or student of palaeozoology.
   8. ethologist 1905–
      Zoology. An expert in or student of the science of ethology (ethology, n. 4).
   9. animal behaviourist 1914–
      An expert or specialist in animal behaviour; an ethologist; spec. a person who specializes in the treatment of behavioural and emotional problems of…
   10. archaeozoologist 1938–
       a. An expert or specialist in the study of extinct or fossil animals (= palaeozoologist, n.) (rare); b. an expert or specialist in the study of…
   11. neo-zoologist
       Used in words denoting those who study extant or recent forms of plants, animals, etc. (as opposed to fossil or extinct forms), or the area of study…
   View in Historical Thesaurus
   1. zoogeographer 1868–
      An expert or specialist in zoogeography.
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/ˌzuː(ə)dʒiˈɒɡrəfə/
zoo-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fuh
/ˌzəʊədʒiˈɒɡrəfə/
zoh-uh-jee-OG-ruh-fuh
/ˌzuː(ə)ˈdʒɒɡrəfə/
zoo-uh-JOG-ruh-fuh
/ˌzəʊəˈdʒɒɡrəfə/
zoh-uh-JOG-ruh-fuh

### U.S. English

/ˌzu(ə)ˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfər/
zoo-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fuhr
/ˌzoʊəˌdʒiˈɑɡrəfər/
zoh-uh-jee-AH-gruh-fuhr

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Forms

### Variant forms

1. 1800s–
   zoogeographer, zoögeographer

## Frequency

zoogeographer typically occurs about 0.02 times per million words in modern written English.

zoogeographer is in frequency band 3, which contains words occurring between 0.01 and 0.1 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of zoogeographer, n., 1860–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1860 | 0.002
1870 | 0.0021
1880 | 0.0023
1890 | 0.0027
1900 | 0.0037
1910 | 0.005
1920 | 0.027
1930 | 0.029
1940 | 0.03
1950 | 0.031
1960 | 0.031
1970 | 0.03
1980 | 0.029
1990 | 0.0072
2000 | 0.006
2010 | 0.0048

Originally published as part of the entry for zoogeography, n.

zoogeographer, n. was revised in June 2017.

zoogeographer, n. was last modified in July 2023.