Zenonic, adj.²

zenonic
http://www.oed.com/dictionary/zenonic_adj2%3Ftab%3Dmeaning_and_use
Revised 2018

# Zenonicadjective2

## Factsheet

### What does the adjective Zenonic mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the adjective Zenonic. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

### How common is the adjective Zenonic?

Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English

1850 | 0.0009
1860 | 0.0008
1870 | 0.0007
1880 | 0.0006
1890 | 0.0006
1900 | 0.0004
1910 | 0.0002
1920 | 0.0001
1930 | 0.0001
1940 | 0.0001
1950 | 0.0001
1960 | 0.0001
1970 | 0.0001
1980 | 0.0001
1990 | 0.0001
2000 | 0.0001
2010 | 0.0001

### How is the adjective Zenonic pronounced?

#### British English

/zᵻˈnɒnɪk/
zuh-NON-ik

#### U.S. English

/ziˈnɑnɪk/
zee-NAH-nick

### Where does the adjective Zenonic come from?

Earliest known use

1820s

The earliest known use of the adjective Zenonic is in the 1820s.

OED's earliest evidence for Zenonic is from 1827, in a translation by Thomas Carlyle, author, biographer, and historian.

From a proper name, combined with an English element.

Etymons: proper name Zēnōn, Zēnō, Ζήνων, ‑ic suffix.

### Nearby entries

1. zeno-, comb. form
2. zenocentric, adj. 1911–
3. Zenocratically, adv. 1588
4. zenographic, adj. 1853–
5. zenographical, adj. 1853–
6. zenography, n. 1890–
7. Zenonian, adj.¹ & n.¹ 1654–
8. Zenonian, adj.² 1756–
9. Zenonian, adj.³ & n.² 1837–
10. Zenonic, adj.¹ 1779–
11. Zenonic, adj.²1827–
12. Zenonism, n.¹ 1789–
13. Zenonism, n.² 1935–
14. zenzi-, comb. form
15. zenzic, n. & adj. 1557–71
16. zenzicube, adj. & n. 1557–1690
17. zenzicubic, adj. 1557–71
18. zenzicubicube, n. a1690
19. zenzizenzic, adj. & n. 1557–1690
20. zenzizenzicube, n. a1690
21. zenzizenzicubic, adj. a1690

## Etymology

### Summary

From a proper name, combined with an English element.
Etymons: proper name Zēnōn, Zēnō, Ζήνων, ‑ic suffix.
< classical Latin Zēnōn (also Zēnō) or its etymon ancient Greek Ζήνων, the name of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno of Citium (see Zenonian adj.1) + ‑ic suffix.

Compare earlier Zenonian adj.1, Zenonism n.1…
< classical Latin Zēnōn (also Zēnō) or its etymon ancient Greek Ζήνων, the name of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno of Citium (see Zenonian adj.1) + ‑ic suffix.

Compare earlier Zenonian adj.1, Zenonism n.1

### Notes

Compare Hellenistic Greek Ζηνωνικός, post-classical Latin Zenonicus (5th cent. in Augustine), Middle French, French Zénonique (1596 in Rabelais).
Compare earlier Zenonical:

1. 1676

   > The manifest Sentiment, not of so many Platonical, Aristotelical or Zenonical [Latin Zenonicis] Doctors, but of so many Saints and illustrious Prelates in the Church of God.

   W. Hutchinson, Rational Discourse Transubstant. 25

## Meaning & use

1. 1827–
   Of or relating to Zeno of Citium (335–265 b.c.), or his philosophical ideas; Stoic. Cf. Zenonian adj.1
   1. 1827

      > I now looked forth into a wide glittering life..which I beheld, as it were, sowed with the Delphic caves, and Zenonic walks [German Zenonischen Gängen], and Muse-hills of all the Sciences, which I might now cultivate at my ease.

      T. Carlyle, translation of J. P. F. Richter in German Romance vol. III. 85
   2. 1866

      > It would be beside the purpose of the present essay to enter into all the specialities of the Zenonic doctrines.

      J. H. Bryant, Mutual Infl. Christianity & Stoic School 20
   3. 1973

      > The passage from Stobaeus..has thus Epicurean formulations..after the initial Zenonic material.

      H. A. Fischel, Rabbinic Lit. & Greco-Roman Philosophy 148
   4. 2000

      > It is Chrysippus' conception, combined with something like the original Zenonic concern about concrete practice, which is immediately relevant to Paul.

      T. Engberg-Pedersen, Paul & Stoics iii. 77
   philosophy
   1. stoical?a1475–
      Of or belonging to the Stoics; characteristic of the Stoic philosophy.
   2. Senecal 1602–
      Characteristic of, or conformable to the principles of the Stoic philosopher L. Annæus Seneca (died a.d. 65). Also as n.: a writer of drama in the…
   3. stoic 1607–
      Of or belonging to the school of the Stoics or to its system of philosophy.
   4. Zenonian 1654–
      Of or relating to Zeno of Citium (335–263 b.c.), or to the Stoic school of philosophy of which he was the founder. Cf. stoic, n. A.1.
   5. Zenonic 1827–
      Of or relating to Zeno of Citium (335–265 b.c.), or his philosophical ideas; Stoic. Cf. Zenonian, adj.¹
   6. philosophico-juristic a1866–
   View in Historical Thesaurus

## Pronunciation

### British English

/zᵻˈnɒnɪk/
zuh-NON-ik

### U.S. English

/ziˈnɑnɪk/
zee-NAH-nick

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

##### Consonants

- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing

* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in

Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/.

##### Vowels

- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃gratin
- æ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)

##### Other symbols

- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.

View the pronunciation model here.

####

Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.

##### Consonants

b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values

- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige

##### Vowels

- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot

## Frequency

Zenonic typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.

Zenonic is in frequency band 1, which contains words occurring fewer than 0.001 times per million words in modern written English. More about OED's frequency bands

Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.

### Frequency of Zenonic, adj.², 1850–2010

* Occurrences per million words in written English

Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.

The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.

For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.

Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.

Decade | Frequency per million words
--- | ---
1850 | 0.0009
1860 | 0.0008
1870 | 0.0007
1880 | 0.0006
1890 | 0.0006
1900 | 0.0004
1910 | 0.0002
1920 | 0.0001
1930 | 0.0001
1940 | 0.0001
1950 | 0.0001
1960 | 0.0001
1970 | 0.0001
1980 | 0.0001
1990 | 0.0001
2000 | 0.0001
2010 | 0.0001

Originally published as part of the entry for Zenonic, adj.¹

Zenonic, adj.² was revised in June 2018.

Zenonic, adj.² was last modified in September 2024.