acidic oxides	2
acids	2
acids,bases and alkalis	2
alkalis	2
amphoteric	2
bases	2
basic oxides	2
mineral acids	2
organic acids	2
organic acids	2
buffer solution	3
indicator	3
litmus	3
methyl orange	3
neutral(pH value)	3
pH	3
phenolphthalein	3
screened methyl orange	3
strengh of acids	3
universal indicator	3
air	4
air and oxygen	4
atmosphere	4
group 0 gases	4
group VIII gases	4
inert gases	4
noble gases	4
oxygen	4
rare gases	4
argon	5
exosphere	5
helium	5
ionosphere	5
krypton	5
neon	5
ozone	5
primary atmosphere	5
secondary atmosphere	5
stratosphere	5
troposphere	5
xenon	5
atomic number (Z)	6
atomic structure	6
mass number(A)	6
neutron	6
nucleon	6
nucleon number	6
nucleus,nuclei(ofatom)	6
proton number	6
subatomic particles	6
electron configuration, structure	7
electron shell	7
energy level (atomic structure)	7
isotopic abundance	7
valence electron	7
atomicity	8
chemical symbol	8
element	8
a.m.u.	9
atomic mass unit (a.m.u.)	9
atomic weight, Ar	9
diatomic molecule	9
molecular weight,Mr	9
RAM	9
relative atomic mass,RAM,Ar	9
relative molecular mass,RMM,Mr	9
RMM	9
triatomic molecule	9
bacillus	10
bacteria and viruses (microorganisms)	10
coccus(bacteria)	10
microorganisms	10
spirillum (bacteria)	10
vibrio(bacteria)	10
viruses	10
amoebic dysentery	11
antibiotics	11
antiseptic	11
bactericide	11
bacteriophage	11
bacteriostatic	11
disinfectant	11
germicide	11
malaria	11
pathogen	11
phage	11
vaccine	11
vector(disease)	11
accumulator (secondary cell)	12
batteries and cells	12
car battery	12
dry cell	12
galvanic cell	12
lead-acid accumulator	12
local action(batteries)	12
polarisation(batteries)	12
primary cell(battery)	12
secondary cell(battery)	12
simple cell(battery)	12
storage battery	12
wet cell	12
absolute scale (temperature)	13
alkaline cell	13
diaphragm cell	13
fuel cell	13
nickel-cadmium cell	13
blood I	14
erythrocytes	14
haemoglobin	14
leucocytes	14
plasma(blood)	14
red blood cells,corpuscles	14
white blood cells,corpuscles	14
adenoids	15
agranulocytes	15
blood clotting,coagulation	15
fibrin	15
fibrinogen	15
granulocytes	15
lymph	15
lymphatic system	15
lymphatic tissue	15
lymphocytes	15
lymphoid tissue	15
phagocytes	15
platelets	15
spleen	15
thrombocytes	15
thromboplastin	15
tissue fluid	15
tonsils	15
apoplexy	16
arteriole	16
arteriosclerosis	16
artery	16
atheroma	16
blood II	16
blood pressure	16
blood vessels	16
capillaries	16
embolism	16
high blood pressure	16
stroke(thrombosis)	16
thrombosis	16
vein	16
venule	16
active immunity	17
agglutination	17
angina pectoris	17
antibodies	17
antigen	17
blood groups	17
blood serum	17
blood transfusions	17
coronary	17
heart attack	17
immunisation	17
immunity	17
natural immunity	17
passive immunity	17
rhesus factor,Rh factor	17
serum	17
cell membrane	18
cell size	18
cell(biology)	18
cytoplasm	18
growth	18
living organism	18
membrane(cell)	18
movement(living organism)	18
multicellular	18
nucleus,nuclei (ofcell)	18
organism	18
organism	18
protoplasm	18
unicellular	18
cell division	19
cell sap	19
cell wall	19
chloroplast	19
endoplasmic reticulum	19
Golgi complex	19
lysosomes	19
mitochondria,mitochondrion	19
organ	19
organ system	19
organelles	19
ribosomes	19
tissue	19
vacuole	19
bonding (chemical)	20
chemical bond	20
chemical bonding	20
covalent bond	20
double covalent bond	20
intermolecular forces	20
intramolecular forces	20
ion	20
metallic bond	20
single covalent bond	20
triple covalent bond	20
van der Waals'forces	20
coordination number	21
ionic bond	21
ionic lattice	21
lattice energy	21
bond breaking	22
bond making	22
chemical energy	22
energy level diagram	22
profile diagram	22
adenosine triphosphate	23
ATP	23
bond energy	23
calculations of energy change	23
Hess's law	23
chemical equations	24
chemical reaction	24
conservation of mass	24
products(chemistry)	24
reactants(chemistry)	24
balance(equations)	25
calculations from chemical equations	25
ionic equations	25
state symbols	25
formula(chemistry)	26
radical(chemistry)	26
valency,valence	26
variable valency	26
displayed formula	27
empirical formula	27
molecular formula	27
percentage composition (chemical compounds)	27
structural formula	27
binomial classification	28
classes (classification)	28
classification and keys	28
families (classification)	28
genus,genera	28
hybrid	28
kingdom	28
Monera	28
orders (classification)	28
phylum,phyla	28
prokaryotes	28
species	28
taxonomy	28
amoeba	29
dichotomous keys	29
Euglena	29
fungus,fungi	29
hypha,hyphae	29
mycelium	29
paramecium	29
protoctists,Protoctista,Protista	29
Spirogyra	29
sporangium	29
spore	29
bryophytes	30
classification(plants)	30
conifers	30
ferns	30
plant kingdom	30
Plantae	30
angiosperms	31
annual(plants)	31
biennials(plants)	31
deciduous trees	31
dicotyledons,dicots	31
flowering plants	31
herbaceous plants	31
monocotyledons,monocots	31
perennials(plants)	31
animal kingdom	32
Animalia	32
annelids,Annelida	32
arachnids, Arachnida	32
bisexual	32
classification(invertebrate animals)	32
cnidarians,Cnidaria	32
coelenterates	32
hermaphrodite	32
invertebrate animals	32
platyhelminths,Platyhelminthes	32
arthropods,Arthropoda	33
crustaceans,Crustacea	33
echinoderms,Echinodermata	33
imago	33
larva	33
metamorphosis	33
molluscs, Mollusca	33
myriapods,Myriapoda	33
pupa	33
amphibians,Amphibia	34
bony fishes	34
cartilaginous fishes	34
Chondrichthyes	34
chordates,Chordata	34
classification (vertebrate animals)	34
cold-blooded animals	34
craniates	34
ectotherms	34
endotherms	34
fishes	34
homoiotherms	34
Osteichthyes	34
Pisces	34
PNS	34
poikilotherms	34
vertebrate animals	34
warm-blooded animals	34
Aves	35
birds	35
mammals,Mammalia	35
marsupials	35
monotremes	35
primates	35
reptiles,Reptilia	35
aerial(antenna)	36
AM	36
amplitude modulation	36
antenna(aerial)	36
carrier wave	36
communication	36
communications	36
FM	36
frequency modulation	36
radio receiver	36
radio transmitter	36
receiver(radio)	36
telecommunications	36
transmitter(radio)	36
analogue signals	37
artificial satellites	37
attenuation	37
communication satellites	37
digital signals	37
geostationary satellites	37
polar satellites	37
afforestation	38
conservation	38
deforestation	38
energy conservation	38
monoculture	38
naturalresources	38
non-renewable resources	38
pesticides	38
reforestation	38
renewable resources	38
ascorbic acid (vitamin C)	39
biological pest control	39
extinction	39
food production	39
green-belt areas	39
nature reserves	39
overfishing	39
recycling	39
corrosion(oxidation and reduction)	40
electron acceptor	40
electron donor	40
galvanising	40
oxidant	40
oxidation	40
oxidising agent	40
prevention of corrosion	40
reducing agent	40
reductant	40
reduction	40
rusting	40
anodising	41
chromium plating	41
sacrificial protection	41
tin plating	41
density bottle	42
displacement can	42
eureka can	42
relative density	42
specific gravity	42
Archimedes'principle	43
buoyancy	43
floating	43
hydrometer	43
principle of flotation	43
sinking	43
upthrust	43
absorption (food)	44
bolus(food)	44
chemical digestion	44
digestion I	44
epithelium,epithelial tissue	44
extracellular digestion	44
ingestion	44
intracellular digestion	44
lacteals	44
mastication	44
mechanical digestion	44
microvillus	44
villus,villi	44
amylases	45
assimilation(food)	45
chyle	45
defecation	45
egestion	45
faeces	45
lipase	45
pancreatic juice	45
pepsin	45
proteases	45
ptyalin	45
salivary amylase	45
trypsin	45
alimentary canal	46
cardiac sphincter	46
digestion II	46
digestive tract	46
gastric juice	46
gastrointestinal tract	46
gullet	46
gut	46
oesophagus	46
peristalsis	46
saliva	46
stomach	46
anus	47
appendix	47
bile	47
bowel	47
caecum	47
chyme	47
colon	47
duodenum	47
exocrine glands	47
gall bladder	47
ileum	47
large intestine	47
pancreas	47
pyloric sphincter	47
rectum	47
small intestine	47
vermiform appendix	47
alcoholism	48
alcohol abuse	48
amphetamine	48
analgesic	48
aspirin	48
caffeine	48
cannabis	48
cocaine	48
deliriant	48
drugs and social issues	48
ecstasy(drug)	48
hallucinogen	48
heroin	48
Librium	48
LSD	48
morphine	48
paracetamol	48
sedative	48
solvent abuse	48
stimulant	48
types of drug	48
Valium	48
AIDS,acquired immune deficiency syndrome	49
HIV,human immunodeficiency virus	49
irritants(smoking)	49
nicotine	49
passive smoking	49
smoking	49
tar(cigarettes)	49
anvil	50
eardrum	50
ear(hearing and balance)	50
external ear	50
hammer(bone)	50
hearing	50
incus(bone)	50
malleus	50
middle ear	50
ossicles	50
outer ear	50
stapes(bone)	50
stirrup(bone)	50
structure of the human ear	50
tympanum,tympanic membrane	50
audible sound	51
auditory nerve	51
balance(ear)	51
cochlea	51
deafness	51
endolymph	51
Eustachian tube	51
fenestra ovalis	51
fenestra rotunda(ear)	51
hearing aids	51
human hearing range	51
inner ear	51
oval window (ear)	51
perilymph	51
round window (ear)	51
semicircular canals	51
continental crust	52
earthquakes	52
Earth's crust	52
Earth's structure and earthquakes	52
magma	52
mantle	52
moho,Mohorovičič discontinuity	52
oceanic crust	52
outer core(Earth's structure)	52
epicentre (earthquake)	53
focus(earthquake)	53
inner core (Earth's structure)	53
long waves(seismic)	53
l-waves(seismic)	53
primary waves(seismic)	53
p-waves	53
refraction of shock waves	53
Richter scale	53
secondary waves(seismic)	53
seismic waves	53
shadow zone	53
s-waves	53
abiotic factors	54
biosphere	54
biotic factors	54
climatic factors	54
community	54
ecology I	54
ecosystem	54
edaphic factors	54
environment	54
habitat(ecology)	54
population(ecology)	54
mark,release and recapture	55
quadrat	55
studying ecosystems	55
transect	55
Tullgren funnel	55
carnivores	56
consumers(ecology)	56
decomposers(ecology)	56
detritus	56
ecology II	56
feeding level(ecology)	56
food chain	56
food web	56
herbivores	56
omnivores	56
primary consumers	56
producers(ecology)	56
pyramid of numbers	56
saprophytes,saprotrophs	56
secondary consumers	56
tertiary consumers	56
trophic level	56
biomass	57
commensalism	57
host (parasitism)	57
mutualism	57
parasite	57
parasitism	57
predators	57
predator-to-prey ratio	57
prey	57
pyramid of biomass	57
symbiosis	57
electricity(statics)	58
electroscope	58
electrostatics	58
frictional electricity	58
law of electrostatics	58
negative charge	58
positive charge	58
static electricity,static	58
induction of charge	59
point action	59
static and safety	59
uses of static electricity	59
amp hour	60
charge(electric charge)	60
coulomb	60
electric field	60
electricity (charge and potential)	60
faraday	60
field(electrical)	60
Van de Graaff generator	60
capacitor	61
electric potential, electric potential energy	61
electrical condenser	61
potential difference,p.d.	61
circuit(electrical)	62
conventional current direction	62
electric bell	62
electric current (1)	62
electrical circuit	62
electricity (current and voltage)	62
potential difference of battery	62
ammeter	63
electromotive force	63
EMF	63
parallel circuit	63
series circuit	63
volt,V	63
voltage,V	63
voltmeter	63
electrical resistance	64
electricity(resistance)	64
flow of water analogy (electricity)	64
ohm(Ω)	64
Ohm's law	64
resistor	64
non-ohmic conductors	65
potential divider	65
resistors in parallel	65
resistors in series	65
superconductivity	65
voltage divider	65
a.c.generator	66
alternator	66
electricity (generators and transformers)	66
electromagnetic induction	66
Faraday's laws of induction	66
generator	66
eddy currents	67
generating mains electricity	67
mutual induction	67
national grid system	67
primary coil (transformer)	67
secondary coil (transformer)	67
step-down transformer	67
step-up transformer	67
turns ratio(transformer)	67
alternating current	68
d.c.	68
direct current	68
electrical energy	68
electrical power	68
electricity(household)	68
household circuits	68
kilowatt-hour(kWh)	68
megawatts	68
watt(W)	68
circuit breakers	69
double insulation	69
earth leakage (electricity)	69
electrical switch	69
electricity cables	69
fuse(electrical)	69
fuse ratings	69
power cables	69
switch (electrical)	69
anode	70
cathode	70
electrode	70
electrolysis	70
electrolytes	70
ionic theory of electrolysis	70
non-electrolytes	70
strong electrolytes	70
weak electrolytes	70
electrolytic refining	71
electroplating	71
electrorefining	71
Faraday's laws of electrolysis	71
Hoffmann voltameter	71
preferential discharge	71
selective discharge	71
electromagnetic waves	72
interaction of waves with matter	72
inverse square law	72
speed of light,c	72
electromagnetic spectrum	73
IR	73
microwaves	73
UV	73
visible light	73
X-rays	73
coil(electric)	74
core(electromagnet)	74
electrical relay	74
electromagnet	74
relay	74
solenoid	74
commutator	75
electric motor	75
Fleming's left-hand rule	75
loudspeaker	75
motor effect	75
motor rule	75
diode	76
electronics	76
LDR	76
LED	76
thermistor	76
transistor	76
electronic switches	77
electronic systems	77
heat-sensitive switch	77
light-sensitive switch	77
chemical potential energy	78
elastic potential energy	78
energy,work,and power	78
forms of energy	78
GPE	78
gravitational potential energy, GPE	78
joule(J)	78
potential energy	78
strain energy	78
conservation ofenergy	79
energy conversion	79
energy transfer	79
kinetic energy	79
law of conservation of energy	79
mechanical energy	79
moving energy	79
active site	80
biotechnology	80
denaturing	80
enzymes and biotechnology	80
immobilised enzymes	80
substrate	80
yeasts	80
aeration(sewage)	81
baking (food)	81
brewing	81
cheese making	81
digestion(sewage)	81
filtration(sewage)	81
sedimentation	81
sewage	81
adaptation	82
Darwinism	82
evidence for evolution	82
homologous structures	82
natural selection	82
overpopulation	82
survival of the fittest	82
vestigial structures	82
acquired characteristics	83
continuous variation	83
discontinuous variation	83
Lamarckism	83
mutation	83
bladder	84
cortex(kidney)	84
excretion and the urinary system	84
medulla(kidney)	84
renal artery	84
renal cortex	84
renal medulla	84
renal vein	84
structure of the kidney	84
urea	84
ureters	84
urethra	84
urinary bladder	84
urinary system	84
urine	84
Bowman's capsule (kidney)	85
dialysis	85
filtration(kidneys)	85
glomerulus	85
kidney transplants	85
kidney tubule	85
nephron	85
pelvis(kidney)	85
reabsorption(kidneys)	85
renal pelvis	85
selective reabsorption	85
aqueous humour (eye)	86
cones(eye)	86
conjunctiva	86
extrinsic muscles (eye)	86
eye	86
eye and vision	86
eye socket	86
fovea	86
orbit(eye)	86
retina	86
rods(eye)	86
sclerotic,sclera	86
vitreous humour(eye)	86
accommodation	87
blind spot	87
choroid	87
cornea	87
hypermetropia	87
iris (eye)	87
lens(eye)	87
long-sightedness	87
myopia	87
pupil(eye)	87
short-sightedness	87
carbohydrates	88
fats and oils	88
holophytic nutrition	88
nutrients	88
sugars (carbohydrates)	88
anorexia nervosa	89
balanced diet	89
bulimia	89
calciferol (vitamin D)	89
fibre(roughage)	89
malnutrition	89
obesity	89
retinol(Vitamin A)	89
riboflavin(Vitamin B2)	89
roughage	89
thiamine (vitamin B1)	89
tocopherol(vitamin E)	89
vitamins	89
dynamic frictional force	90
electric forces	90
field(gravitational)	90
forces(types)	90
friction,frictional force	90
gravitational force	90
gravity	90
limiting frictional force (static friction)	90
lubrication	90
magnetic forces	90
newton N	90
static frictional force	90
streamlining	90
surface contact	90
balanced forces	91
compression forces	91
elastic limit	91
elasticity	91
gravitational field	91
Hooke's law	91
Newton's law of gravitation	91
tension forces	91
weight	91
dynamics	92
forces(dynamics and turning forces)	92
inertia	92
mass	92
momentum	92
Newton's first law	92
Newton's second law	92
Newton's third law	92
principle of conservation of mass	92
centre of gravity	93
centre of mass	93
couple(force)	93
moment(force)	93
neutral equilibrium	93
principle of moments	93
stability(forces)	93
stable equilibrium	93
turning force	93
unstable equilibrium	93
burning	94
calorific value	94
energy source	94
fossil fuels	94
fuel	94
fuels and energy sources	94
non-renewable energy source	94
renewable energy source	94
replenishable energy source	94
solar energy	94
biofuel	95
biogas	95
geothermal energy	95
hydroelectricity	95
Salter's Duck	95
tidal energy	95
wave energy	95
wind power	95
adenine	96
allele,allelomorph	96
chromosome	96
cytosine	96
deoxyribonucleic acid	96
gene	96
genetics(inheritance)	96
guanine	96
homologous chromosomes	96
nucleic acids	96
nucleotides	96
thymine	96
centromere	97
chromatid	97
diploid	97
genetic code	97
haploid	97
meiosis	97
mitosis	97
reductive cell division	97
replication	97
ribonucleic acid	97
RNA	97
co-dominance	98
dominant allele	98
F,,first filial generation	98
F2,second filial generation	98
first filial generation	98
gene pool	98
genetics(variation)	98
genome	98
genotype	98
homozygous	98
incomplete dominance	98
law of independent assortment	98
law of segregation	98
Mendel's laws	98
monohybrid cross	98
phenotype	98
recessive allele	98
second filial generation	98
environmental variation	99
genetic variation	99
heterozygous	99
colour blindness	100
cystic fibrosis	100
genetic diseases	100
genetics (diseases and uses)	100
sex chromosomes	100
sex linkage	100
sickle cell anaemia	100
X-chromosomes	100
Y-chromosomes	100
artificial selection	101
DNA fingerprinting	101
Down's syndrome	101
gene therapy	101
genetic engineering	101
genetic fingerprinting	101
genetically modified food,GM food	101
selective breeding	101
extrusive rock	102
fossils	102
geology(rocks)	102
igneous rock	102
intrusion	102
intrusive rock	102
rock	102
sedimentary rock	102
basalt	103
chemical weathering	103
erosion	103
granite	103
metamorphic rock	103
physical weathering	103
rock cycle	103
sandstone	103
slate	103
weathering(rocks)	103
bedrock	104
clay soil	104
geology(soil)	104
humus	104
parent rock	104
soil formation	104
soil profile	104
soil types	104
subsoil	104
topsoil	104
type of soil	104
alluvial deposit	105
bacteria in the soil	105
capillarity	105
liming soil	105
loamy soil	105
pH of the soil	105
sandy soil	105
soil bacteria	105
soil pH	105
constructive plate boundaries	106
continental drift	106
divergent plates	106
geology(plate tectonics)	106
Pangaea	106
plate boundaries	106
plate tectonics	106
tectonic plates	106
conservative plate boundaries	107
convergent plates	107
destructive plate boundaries	107
subduction	107
atria,atrium	108
auricles	108
cardiac cycle	108
circulatory system	108
diastole	108
double circulation	108
heart	108
heart and circulation	108
heartbeat	108
pulmonary circulation	108
systemic circulation	108
systole	108
ventricles(heart)	108
aorta	109
bicuspid valve(heart)	109
inferior vena cava	109
mitral valve	109
pulmonary artery	109
pulmonary vein	109
pulse rate	109
semilunar valves	109
superior vena cava	109
tricuspid valve(heart)	109
calculations of heat energy	110
expansion	110
heat	110
heat capacity (C)	110
heat energy	110
heat pump	110
internal energy	110
specific heat capacity (c)	110
thermal capacity C	110
thermal energy	110
anomalous expansion of water	111
bimetallic strip	111
latent heat(L)	111
specific latent heat of fusion,$L _ { E }$	111
specific latent heat of vaporisation,$L _ { V }$	111
thermostat	111
clinical thermometer	112
heat and temperature	112
maximum-and-minimum thermometer	112
thermocouple thermometer	112
thermometric liquids	112
absolute zero	113
Celsius scale	113
centigrade scale	113
Fahrenheit scale	113
fixed points (temperature)	113
fundamental interval (temperature)	113
kelvin scale	113
thermodynamic temperature scale	113
calorimeter	114
conduction(heat)	114
convection	114
convection current	114
good conductor(heat)	114
heat transfer and loss	114
poor conductor(heat)	114
radiant heat	114
thermal conduction	114
thermal radiation	114
absorption of radiation	115
emission of radiation	115
heat exchanger	115
heat loss	115
vacuum	115
vacuum flask	115
anabolism	116
catabolism	116
homeostasis	116
metabolic activity	116
metabolic rate	116
metabolism	116
negative feedback(homeostasis)	116
thermoregulation	116
cholesterol	117
deamination	117
liver	117
adrenal glands	118
animal hormones	118
antagonistic hormones	118
diabetes, diabetes mellitus	118
ductless glands	118
endocrine glands	118
fertility treatment	118
hormones	118
islets of Langerhans	118
plant hormones	118
sex hormones	118
sugar diabetes	118
thyroid gland	118
adrenalin	119
anti-diuretic hormone	119
contraceptive pill	119
follicle-stimulating hormone	119
FSH	119
glucagon	119
gonadotrophic hormones	119
growth hormone	119
hormone replacement therapy	119
HRT	119
insulin	119
LH	119
luteinising hormone(LH)	119
progesterone	119
testosterone	119
thyroid-stimulating hormone	119
thyroxine	119
TSH	119
female reproduction organ system	120
genital organs, genitalia	120
human reproduction I	120
male reproductive organ system	120
ovaries,ovary (human reproduction)	120
penis	120
prostate gland	120
semen	120
seminal vesicle	120
testes,testis	120
clitoris	121
menopause	121
menstrual cycle	121
menstruation	121
ovulation	121
uterus	121
vagina	121
vulva	121
womb	121
amniocentesis	122
amnion,amniotic sac	122
amniotic fluid	122
embryo	122
fetus,foetus	122
foetus	122
human reproduction II	122
parturition	122
placenta	122
pregnancy	122
press-on thermometer	122
umbilical cord	122
afterbirth	123
breaking of the waters	123
breech birth	123
caesarean birth,caesarean section	123
cervix	123
fraternal twins	123
identical twins	123
in vitro fertilisation,IVF	123
labour(birth)	123
non-identical twins	123
twins	123
adolescence	124
birth control	124
coitus	124
conception (reproduction)	124
contraception	124
copulation	124
human reproduction III	124
mating	124
orgasm	124
puberty	124
sexual intercourse	124
sexually transmitted diseases	124
STD	124
venereal diseases	124
zygote	124
abortion	125
condom	125
diaphragm (contraception)	125
gonorrhoea	125
IUD	125
ligation	125
miscarriage	125
pill (oral contraceptive)	125
rhythm method (contraception)	125
spermicide	125
sterilisation (contraception)	125
syphilis	125
vasectomy	125
deuterium2H	126
hydrogen,H	126
hydrogen-1,H	126
hydrogen bonding	126
hydrogen gas	126
hydrogen ion	126
hydrogen molecule	126
hydrogen preparation	126
testing for hydrogen	126
tritium, H	126
hydrogenation	127
steam reforming	127
uses of hydrogen	127
conditions for the Haber process	128
Haber process	128
industrial chemical processes	128
uses of ammonia	128
conditions for the contact process	129
contact process	129
disulfuric acid	129
fuming sulfuric acid	129
oleum	129
pyrosulfuric acid	129
socio-economic factors (industrial chemical processes)	129
uses of sulfuric acid	129
beam of light	130
luminous objects	130
non-luminous objects	130
opaque	130
penumbra	130
ray of light	130
shadow	130
translucent	130
transparent	130
umbra	130
eclipse	131
lunar eclipse	131
pinhole camera	131
solar eclipse	131
angle of incidence(i)	132
angle of reflection(r)	132
image(light)	132
incident ray	132
inverted image	132
lateral inversion	132
laws of reflection	132
light(reflection and refraction)	132
mirrors(reflection of light)	132
normal line(light)	132
parallax	132
real image	132
reflected ray	132
reflection of light	132
virtual image	132
apparent depth	133
critical angle	133
laws of refraction	133
optical fibres	133
real and apparent depths	133
refraction of light	133
right-angled prisms	133
TIR	133
total internal reflection	133
centre of curvature(C)	134
concave lens	134
converging lens	134
convex lens	134
diverging lens	134
focal length(lens)	134
focal point(F)	134
light and lenses	134
optical axis	134
optical centre	134
principal axis	134
principal focus(F)	134
camera	135
magnifying glass	135
slide projector	135
achromatic lens	136
blue	136
chromatic aberration	136
dispersion(light)	136
green	136
indigo	136
light(colour and dispersion)	136
orange	136
primary colours	136
red	136
spectral colours	136
spherical aberration	136
violet	136
visible light spectrum	136
additive mixing(colour)	137
colour filter	137
complementary colours	137
cyan	137
filter(colour)	137
magenta(colour)	137
peacock blue	137
secondary colours	137
subtractive mixing (colour)	137
distance ratio	138
efficiency	138
force ratio	138
lever	138
machines	138
mechanical advantage,M.A.	138
velocity ratio (V.R.)	138
first-order lever	139
gear(machines)	139
hydraulic machines	139
second-order lever	139
third-order lever	139
ferromagnetic material	140
hard magnetic material	140
law of magnetism	140
magnet	140
magnetic axis	140
magnetic material	140
magnetic poles	140
magnetism	140
non-magnetic material	140
north pole, north-seeking pole	140
permanent magnet	140
soft magnetic material	140
south pole,south-seeking pole	140
susceptibility (magnetism)	140
temporary magnet	140
demagnetisation	141
domains(magnetism)	141
magnetic induction	141
magnetisation	141
making magnets (electrical and stroking methods)	141
stroking method(magnetism)	141
field(magnetic)	142
lines of magnetic force	142
magnetic field	142
magnetic field lines	142
magnetic flux density	142
magnetic flux lines	142
magnetic permeability	142
magnetism(magnetic fields)	142
permeability(magnetism)	142
angle of declination	143
angle of inclination, angle of dip	143
Earth's magnetic field	143
magnetic shielding	143
magnetic sripes	143
aluminium extraction	144
bauxite	144
carnallite(ore)	144
cinnabar	144
copper pyrites	144
electrolytic reduction	144
extraction of metals	144
galena	144
haematite	144
iron extraction	144
metals(uses)	144
neutral point(magnetism)	144
ore	144
smelting	144
tinstone(ore)	144
zinc blende	144
basic oxygen process	145
blast furnace	145
bop process	145
pig iron	145
steel	145
alloy	146
alloys of aluminium	146
annealing	146
bicarbonate of soda	146
caustic soda	146
ductile(metals)	146
durable(metals)	146
malleable(metals)	146
soda,soda ash	146
sodium hydrogen carbonate	146
sodium hydroxide	146
sonorous (metals)	146
tensile strength (metals)	146
uses of metal compounds	146
alloys of iron	147
amalgams	147
brass	147
bronze	147
calcium carbonate	147
calcium hydroxide	147
calcium oxide	147
calcium sulfate	147
caustic potash	147
constantin	147
cupronickel	147
Duralumin	147
Epsom salts	147
high-carbon steel	147
lime	147
limewater	147
magnalium	147
magnesium hydroxide	147
magnesium sulfate	147
manganese steel	147
mild steel	147
pewter	147
plaster of Paris	147
potassium hydroxide	147
potassium nitrate	147
quicklime	147
slaked lime	147
solder	147
tungsten steel	147
chemical change	148
homogeneous mixture	148
mixture	148
mixtures and compounds	148
physical change	148
pure substances	148
binary compound	149
compound (chemical)	149
thermal decomposition	149
aqueous solution	150
heterogeneous mixture	150
insoluble	150
mixtures (solutions and colloids)	150
non-polar solvent	150
polar solvent	150
polarisation(molecular)	150
saturated solution	150
solubility	150
solubility curve	150
soluble	150
solute	150
solution	150
solvent	150
aerosol	151
coagulation	151
colloid	151
continuous phase	151
disperse phase	151
emulsion	151
foam	151
gel	151
immiscible	151
miscible	151
phase(colloids)	151
precipitate	151
sol	151
solubility of gases	151
suspension	151
centrifuge	152
crystallisation	152
decantation	152
direct evaporation	152
distillate	152
filtrate	152
filtration	152
mixtures (separating techniques)	152
residue	152
separating funnel	152
simple distillation	152
steam evaporation	152
chromatogram	153
chromatography	153
distillation	153
distilled water	153
fractionating column	153
Liebig condenser	153
paper chromatography	153
Avogadro's law, Avogadro's hypothesis	154
formula mass	154
Gay-Lussac's law	154
gram molecular volume	154
molar mass	154
molar solution,molarity,M	154
molar volume, molecular volume	154
moles(chemical calculations)	154
displacement (distance)	156
distance-time graph	156
motion(speed and acceleration)	156
speed	156
stopping distance	156
terminal velocity	156
ticker-timer	156
acceleration of gravity	157
deceleration	157
equations of motion	157
force and acceleration	157
kinematic equations	157
velocity-time graph	157
cycle(oscillation)	158
damping(motion)	158
mean position	158
motion (periodic and circular)	158
oscillation	158
periodic motion	158
centripetal force	159
circular motion	159
escape velocity,escape speed	159
satellites in orbit	159
carbon cycle	160
hydrological cycle	160
natural cycles	160
water cycle	160
nitrogen cycle	161
nitrogen fixation	161
brain	162
central nervous system (CNS)	162
cerebellum	162
cerebral hemispheres	162
cerebrum	162
hypothalamus	162
master gland	162
medulla oblongata	162
nervous system I	162
pituitary gland	162
spinal cord	162
arachnoid membrane	163
cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)	163
CSF	163
dura mater	163
effector	163
meninges,meninx	163
nerve impulse	163
peripheral nervous system (PNS)	163
pia mater	163
receptor(nerve)	163
afferent neurones	164
axon	164
connecting neurones	164
dendron,dendrite(nerve)	164
efferent neurones	164
motor neurones	164
nerve cell	164
nerve fibre	164
nervoussystem II	164
neurone	164
neurotransmitter	164
relay neurones	164
sensory neurones	164
synapse	164
autonomic nervous system,ANS	165
cranial reflexes	165
involuntary actions	165
reflex actions	165
spinal reflexes	165
voluntary actions	165
amorphous	166
animal charcoal	166
carbon,C	166
carbon black	166
carbon fibres	166
carbonates	166
charcoal	166
coal	166
coke	166
non-metals (carbon and sulfur)	166
soot	166
sulfur(S)	166
wood charcoal	166
alpha sulfur	167
beta sulfur	167
flowers of sulfur	167
hydrogen sulfide	167
monoclinic sulfur	167
orthorhombic sulfur	167
plastic sulfur	167
rhombic sulfur	167
sulfates,sulfate(VI)salts	167
sulfides	167
sulfites,sulfate(IV) salts	167
sulfur dioxide, sulfur(IV) oxide	167
sulfur trioxide,sulfur(VI) oxide	167
sulfurous acid, sulfuric(IV)acid	167
fertiliser	168
natural fertilisers	168
non-metals (nitrogen and phosphorus)	168
NPK values (fertilisers)	168
oxides of nitrogen	168
synthetic fertilisers	168
trace elements	168
nitrates, nitrate(V) salts	169
nitric acid,nitric(V) acid	169
nitrous acid, nitric(III) acid	169
Ostwald process (nitric acid)	169
phosphates,phosphate V salts	169
phosphoric acid,phosphoric(V)acid	169
phosphoric(V) oxide, phosphorus pentoxide	169
phosphorus,P	169
potassium(plants)	169
binding energy	170
critical mass	170
fissile material	170
mass defect	170
mass-energy equation	170
nuclear chain reaction	170
nuclear energy	170
nuclear fission and fusion	170
nuclear reaction	170
atomic bomb, A-bomb	171
fall-out(nuclear)	171
fission bomb	171
fission reactor	171
fusion bomb	171
hydrogen bomb,H-bomb	171
nuclear waste	171
radioactive waste	171
chemical feedstock	172
crude oil	172
fraction(oil)	172
mineral oil	172
natural gas	172
oil and petroleum	172
petrochemicals	172
petroleum	172
refining	172
asphalt	173
bitumen	173
catalytic cracking,cat cracking	173
cracking	173
DERV	173
diesel oil	173
fuel gas	173
gas oil	173
gasoline	173
kerosine	173
LPG	173
lubricating oil	173
naphtha	173
paraffin oil	173
petrol	173
refinery gases	173
thermal cracking	173
alkanes	174
alkenes	174
alkyl group	174
butane	174
butene	174
butyne	174
ethane	174
ethene	174
ethyne	174
functional group (organic chemistry)	174
hexane	174
hexene	174
hexyne	174
homologous series	174
hydrocarbons	174
methane	174
olefin hydrocarbons	174
organic chemistry(hydrocarbons)	174
paraffin hydrocarbons	174
pentane	174
pentene	174
pentyne	174
propane	174
propene	174
propyne	174
addition reaction	175
isomerism	175
isomers	175
properties of alkanes	175
properties of alkenes	175
replacement reaction	175
saturated molecules	175
structural isomerism	175
unsaturated molecules	175
alcohols	176
butanol	176
ethanol	176
fermentation	176
organic chemistry (alcohols)	176
propanol	176
acetic acid	177
carboxylic acids	177
esters	177
ethanoic acid	177
fatty acids	177
formic acid	177
methanoic acid	177
methylated spirits,meths	177
fluid	178
freezing	178
freezing point	178
fusion(melting)	178
kinetic theory	178
liquid	178
melting	178
melting point	178
molten	178
particles (states of matter)	178
plasma(state of matter)	178
solid	178
states of matter	178
boiling	179
boiling point	179
condensation	179
cooling curve	179
diffusion	179
heating curve	179
sublimation	179
vapour	179
vapour pressure	179
volatile liquid	179
Boyle's law	180
gas laws	180
ideal gas	180
kinetic theory of gases	180
particles(gases)	180
pressure of a gas (p)	180
temperature of a gas(T)	180
volume of a gas(V)	180
Bourdon pressure gauge	181
Charles'law	181
Charles' law of pressure	181
critical pressure	181
critical temperature	181
Dalton's law (pressure)	181
ideal gas equation	181
pressure law	181
room temperature and pressure, RTP	181
standard temperature and pressure, STP	181
group(elements)	182
periodicity	182
actinoids,actinide metals	183
lanthanoids, lanthanide metals	183
metalloids	183
metals (periodic table)	183
period (periodic table)	183
rare-earth metals	183
semiconductor	183
semimetals	183
transition metals	183
caesium	184
Chile saltpetre	184
group I elements	184
lithium	184
periodic table(alkali metals)	184
rubidium	184
Down's cell	185
extraction of alkali metals	185
Solvay process	185
uses of sodium	185
barium	186
beryllium	186
group II elements	186
periodic table(alkaline-earth metals)	186
strontium	186
lime kiln	187
magnesite	187
uses of magnesium	187
bleaching action	188
bromine	188
chlorine	188
fluorine	188
group VII elements	188
iodine	188
periodic table(halogens)	188
halides	189
hydrobromic acid	189
hydrochloric acid	189
hydrogen bromide	189
hydrogen chloride	189
hydrogen halides	189
hydrogen iodide	189
hydroiodic acid	189
testing for halides	189
uses of halogens	189
day	190
Earth's axis	190
Earth's rotation	190
equinox	190
latitude	190
longitude	190
meridian(of longitude)	190
night	190
parallel (of latitude)	190
planet Earth	190
seasons	190
shape of the Earth	190
solstice	190
Moon	191
neap tides	191
partial pressure	191
phases of the Moon	191
spring tides	191
tides	191
cambium	192
meristem	192
mineral salts	192
phloem	192
plants(roots)	192
roots	192
structure of root	192
vascular bundles	192
vascular tissue	192
xylem	192
active transport,active uptake	193
hypertonic	193
hypotonic	193
isotonic	193
osmosis	193
osmotic pressure	193
root hair	193
selectively permeable membrane	193
semipermeable membrane	193
chlorophyll	194
cuticle(leaf)	194
epidermis(leaf)	194
guard cells	194
leaf	194
leaf vein	194
mesophyll layer	194
palisade mesophyll	194
plants (leaves)	194
spongy mesophyll	194
stoma,stomata	194
flaccid	195
limiting factors(photosynthesis)	195
plasmolysis	195
potometer	195
translocation	195
transpiration	195
turgid	195
turgor	195
wilting	195
bulb(flower)	196
calyx	196
corm	196
flower	196
plants (stem and flowers)	196
receptacle	196
rhizome	196
runner	196
sepal	196
stem	196
stolon	196
tuber	196
androecium	197
anther	197
carpel(plant)	197
corolla	197
filament(plant)	197
floral formula	197
gynaecium	197
inflorescence	197
nectary	197
ovary(plant)	197
ovule	197
petal	197
pistil	197
pollen	197
stamen	197
stigma	197
style(plant)	197
air pollution	198
atmospheric pollution	198
biodegradable	198
greenhouse effect	198
greenhouse gases	198
non-biodegradable	198
pollutant	198
smokeless zones	198
CFCs,chlorofluorocarbons	199
global warming	199
lead pollution	199
ozone layer,ozonosphere	199
biological oxygen demand,B.O.D	200
B.O.D.	200
effluent	200
eutrophication	200
leaching	200
oil pollution	200
pollution II	200
unintentional enrichment	200
water pollution	200
catalytic converter	201
electrostatic smoke precipitator	201
land pollution	201
nitrate pollution	201
noise pollution	201
thermal pollution	201
addition polymerisation	202
high-density polyethene(H.D.P.E.)	202
monomer	202
Perspex	202
polychloroethene	202
polymethylmethacrylate	202
polyphenylethene	202
polypropene	202
polystyrene	202
polytetrafluoroethene,PTFE	202
polythene,polyethene	202
polyvinylchloride	202
PTFE	202
PVC	202
synthetic polymers	202
Teflon	202
condensation polymerisation	203
low-density polyethene(L.D.P.E.)	203
moulding plastics	203
plastics	203
polyamide	203
polyester	203
Terylene(polyester)	203
thermoplastic	203
thermosetting	203
acid hydrolysis	204
animal starch	204
enzyme hydrolysis	204
glucose	204
hydrolysis	204
natural polymers	204
polysaccharides	204
starch hydrolysis	204
amino acids	205
fibrous proteins	205
globular proteins	205
hydrolysis of fats	205
hydrolysis of proteins	205
peptide links	205
saponification	205
altimeter	206
aneroid barometer	206
atmospheric pressure	206
barometer	206
isobar	206
mercury barometer	206
pascal(Pa)	206
anticyclone	207
cyclone	207
depression(weather)	207
high(anticyclone)	207
low(depression)	207
manometer	207
pressure in liquids	207
siphon	207
alpha particle(α)	208
alpha radiation	208
background count	208
background radiation	208
beta particle(β)	208
beta radiation	208
natural radioactivity	208
half-life(T1/2)	209
alpha decay	210
becquerel Bq	210
beta decay	210
bubblechamber	210
cloud chamber	210
detecting radiation	210
dosimeter	210
film badge (radioactiviry)	210
gamma emission	210
Geiger counter	210
Geiger-Müller tube	210
gray(Gy)	210
handling radioactive sources	210
nuclear equation	210
nuclide	210
radioactivity II	210
radionuclide	210
scintillation counter	210
carbon dating	211
glove box	211
irradiation (sterilisation)	211
radiation sickness	211
radioactive tracing, radioactive labelling	211
radiography	211
radiology	211
radiotherapy	211
rock dating	211
sievert(Sv)	211
sterilisation (irradiation)	211
collision theory	212
measuring rates (of reaction)	212
rates of reaction	212
activator (catalyst)	213
catalysis	213
catalyst	213
inhibitor	213
intermediate(chemical)	213
negative catalyst	213
promoter(catalyst)	213
surface catalyst	213
activity series	214
reaction of metals with hydrochloric acid	214
reaction of metals with oxygen	214
reaction of metals with water	214
reactivity series of metals	214
gold	215
stability of metal compounds	215
cross-pollination	216
insect pollination	216
micropropagation	216
pollination	216
reproduction(plant)	216
self-pollination	216
tissue culture	216
vegetative propagation,vegetative reproduction	216
wind pollination	216
cotyledon	217
fruit	217
germination	217
hilum	217
plumule	217
radicle (biology)	217
seed	217
seed dispersal	217
seed leaf	217
testa	217
asexual reproduction	218
binary fission	218
budding	218
egg	218
parthenogenesis	218
reproduction (animal)	218
sperm,spermatozoon, spermatozoa	218
external fertilisation	219
gamete	219
gonads	219
internal fertilisation	219
sex cell	219
aerobic respiration	220
alveoli,alveolus	220
anaerobic respiration	220
bronchiole	220
bronchus,bronchi	220
external respiration	220
gaseous exchange	220
lactic acid	220
larynx	220
oxygen debt	220
respiratory surface	220
trachea	220
voice box	220
windpipe,(trachea)	220
breathing	221
cilia	221
diaphragm(midriff)	221
exhalation	221
expiration	221
goblet cells	221
inhalation	221
inspiration(lungs)	221
intercostal muscles	221
lung capacity	221
midriff	221
mucous membrane	221
pleural membrane,pleura	221
ventilation(breathing)	221
backward reaction	222
closed system	222
dynamic equilibrium	222
forward reaction	222
irreversible reaction	222
isolated system	222
open system	222
reversible sign	222
reversible process	222
reversible reactions and equilibria	222
static equilibrium	222
chemical equilibrium	223
equilibrium(chemical)	223
Le Chatelier's principle	223
phase equilibrium	223
acid radical	224
anhydrous	224
deliquescence	224
efflorescence	224
nomenclature of salts	224
preparation of soluble salts	224
salts	224
water of crystallisation	224
brine	225
burette(titration)	225
double decomposition	225
ionic precipitation	225
pipette	225
preparation of insoluble salts	225
sea salt	225
table salt(sodium chloride)	225
titration	225
Archimedes (screw)	226
Avogadro	226
Boyle	226
Brown	226
compressed air pump	226
Dalton	226
Darwin	226
Davy	226
Faraday	226
Galileo Galilei	226
gunpowder	226
Gutenberg	226
Harvey	226
Hooke	226
Jenner	226
Kotter	226
laws of gravitation and motion	226
Linne,Linnaeus	226
magnetic compass	226
Mendel	226
motor	226
Newton	226
pendulum	226
printing press	226
rifle	226
scientists and a few of their achievements	226
screw(Archimedes)	226
steam engine	226
Volta	226
Watt	226
wheel	226
Armstrong	227
Baird	227
Bell	227
Campbell	227
computer	227
Crick	227
Curie	227
Dolly	227
Edison	227
Einstein	227
electric light bulb	227
Fleming (bacteriologist)	227
hereditary characteristics	227
Hoff	227
Marconi	227
Mendeleev	227
microprocessor	227
Mir	227
Pasteur	227
phonograph	227
radio	227
relativity	227
Rutherford	227
telephone	227
television	227
Thomson	227
Watson	227
Wilmut	227
auxins	228
carnivorous plants	228
clinostat	228
geotropism	228
heliotropism	228
hydrotropism	228
irritability(senses)	228
photoperiodism	228
phototropism	228
tactic movement,taxis	228
taxis	228
tendril	228
thigmotropism	228
tropism	228
antennae,antenna (arthropods)	229
insectivorous plants	229
lateral line	229
nose	229
olfactory organ	229
palps(insects)	229
taste bud	229
tentacles	229
tongue	229
vibrissae (whiskers)	229
whiskers	229
china clay	230
clay	230
kaolin	230
microchip	230
quartz	230
sand	230
silica	230
silicates	230
silicon Si	230
silicon dioxide	230
asbestos	231
glass	231
silicon and silicates	231
silicones	231
cartilage	232
collagen	232
connective tissue	232
cuticle(exoskeleton)	232
ecdysis(moulting)	232
endoskeleton	232
exoskeleton	232
gristle	232
hydrostatic skeleton	232
ligament	232
moulting	232
muscle	232
ossification	232
osteoporosis	232
skeleton and muscles	232
actin	233
antagonistic pairs (muscles)	233
biceps	233
cardiac muscle	233
extensor muscles	233
flexor muscles	233
involuntary muscle	233
myosin	233
sinew	233
smooth muscles	233
striated muscles	233
tendon(sinew)	233
triceps	233
voluntary muscles	233
ankle bone	234
appendicular skeleton	234
axial skeleton	234
breastbone	234
carpals(wrist bones)	234
clavicle(collar bone)	234
coccyx	234
collar bone(clavicle)	234
femur	234
fibula	234
human skeleton	234
humerus	234
jaw bone	234
knee cap(patella)	234
mandible	234
patella(kneecap)	234
radius(bone)	234
sacrum	234
scapula(shoulder blade)	234
shoulder blade	234
skeleton(human)	234
sternum(breastbone)	234
tarsals	234
tibia	234
ulna	234
wrist bones	234
backbone	235
brain case	235
cranium	235
hip girdle	235
intervertebral discs	235
pectoral girdle	235
pelvic girdle	235
pelvis(hip)	235
rib cage	235
shoulder girdle	235
spine,spinal column	235
thorax	235
vertebrae,vertebra	235
vertebral column	235
ball-and-socket joints	236
bone	236
bone marrow	236
compact bone	236
deciduous teeth	236
gliding joints	236
hinge joints	236
joint(bone)	236
milk teeth	236
plane joints	236
skeleton (bones and teeth)	236
sliding joints	236
spongy bone	236
synovial fluid	236
synovial membrane	236
tooth	236
bicuspids(teeth)	237
canines	237
cuspid(teeth)	237
dental caries	237
dentine	237
enamel(teeth)	237
eye-teeth	237
gum disease	237
incisors	237
molars(teeth)	237
permanent teeth	237
plaque	237
premolars	237
pulp cavity(teeth)	237
tartar(teeth)	237
tooth decay	237
tricuspids (teeth)	237
wisdom teeth	237
cornified layer	238
malpighian layer	238
structure of the skin	238
dermis	239
epidermis (skn)	239
hair follicle	239
heat stroke	239
hypothermia	239
melanin	239
sebaceous glands	239
sense organs in the skin	239
skin cancer	239
subcutaneous layer	239
sweat gland	239
vasoconstriction	239
vasodilation	239
aurora	240
aurora australis	240
aurora borealis	240
cosmic rays,cosmic radiation	240
northern lights	240
solar flares	240
solar system	240
solar wind	240
southern lights	240
Sun	240
sunspot	240
asteroid	241
comet	241
Jupiter	241
Mars	241
Mercury(planet)	241
meteor	241
meteorite	241
minor planet	241
Neptune	241
planet	241
Pluto	241
Saturn	241
shooting star	241
Uranus	241
Venus	241
compression (sound)	242
echo	242
echolocation	242
rarefaction(sound)	242
rate curve	242
sonic boom	242
sound and ultrasound	242
sound waves	242
speed of sound	242
subsonic	242
supersonic	242
Doppler effect	243
infrasound	243
sonar,sound navigation and ranging	243
ultrasonic cleaning	243
ultrasonic stress detection	243
ultrasound	243
ultrasound scanning	243
beats(sound)	244
decibel(dB)	244
loudness	244
musical notes	244
musical scale	244
octave	244
pitch(sound)	244
sound and musical notes	244
vibrating strings	244
antinode(sound)	245
harmonics	245
natural frequency	245
node(sound)	245
overtones	245
quality of sound	245
resonance	245
reverberation	245
sonometer	245
timbre	245
constellation	246
Earth(planet)	246
galaxy	246
gaseous nebula	246
Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams	246
life of a star	246
main sequence	246
neutron star	246
protostar	246
red giant(star)	246
red supergiant	246
stars and the Universe	246
stellar evolution	246
white dwarf	246
big-bang theory	247
black hole	247
expansion of the Universe	247
light-year	247
Milky Way(galaxy)	247
outer space	247
parsec	247
pulsar	247
quasar	247
radio astronomy	247
red shift	247
steady-state theory	247
supernova	247
Universe	247
black lead(graphite)	248
crystals	248
diamond	248
dislocation(crystal)	248
giant structures	248
graphite	248
plumbago	248
structure and properties	248
allotropes	249
atomic lattice	249
buckyballs	249
close packing(structure)	249
fullerenes	249
ionic crystals	249
lattice	249
metallic lattice	249
accuracy	250
error	250
parallax error	250
reading error	250
studying science (accuracy and errors)	250
analogue reading	251
decimal places (dp)	251
digital reading	251
percentage error	251
rounding (of numbers)	251
significant figures (sf)	251
zero error	251
base unit	252
candela	252
metre	252
scalar quantity	252
second	252
studying science (quantities and units)	252
units	252
vector quantity	252
conventions for units and symbols	253
conversion factors to SI units	253
prefix(units)	253
measurement of force	254
measurement of length	254
measurement of mass	254
measurement of volume	254
micrometer screw gauge	254
studying science(measurement)	254
vernier caliper	254
vernier scale	254
compound microscope	255
electron micrograph	255
electron microscope	255
magnification value	255
microscope	255
resolving power	255
chlorination	256
fluoridation	256
hard water	256
soft water	256
temporary hardness(water)	256
water and detergents	256
detergents	257
ion exchange resins	257
micelle	257
permanent hardness(water)	257
soapless detergents	257
stalactite	257
stalagmite	257
synthetic detergents	257
washing soda	257
longitudinal wave	258
medium(waves)	258
progressive wave	258
standing wave	258
stationary wave	258
transverse wave	258
wavelength(λ)	258
waves(types and properties)	258
action of a detergent	259
cycles per second	259
diffraction(waves)	259
hertz,Hz	259
interference (waves)	259
reflection(waves)	259
refraction(waves)	259
ripple tank	259
velocity,v(wave)	259
wave equation	259
wave intensity	259
hair colour	260
jacking system	260
zany and curious science	260
nerve gas	261
quark	261
radioactive blankets	261
unmanageable hair	261
xenotransplants	261
yolk	261
zip	261
root mean square value,r.m.s.value	68
neutralisation	3
neutralisation	224
carbon dioxide	4
carbon dioxide	166
nitrogen,N	4
nitrogen,N	168
isotopes	6
isotopes	126
atom	6
atom	227
electron	6
electron	227
proton	6
proton	227
radioisotope,radioactive isotope	7
radioisotope,radioactive isotope	208
chemical compound	8
chemical compound	149
atoms and molecules	8
atoms and molecules	226
molecule	8
molecule	260
microbes	10
microbes	227
bacteria,bacterium	10
bacteria,bacterium	260
inoculation	11
inoculation	226
penicillins	11
penicillins	227
cell(electrical)	12
cell(electrical)	226
voltaic cell	12
voltaic cell	226
activation energy	22
activation energy	212
synthesis (chemical)	24
synthesis (chemical)	149
biological classification	28
biological classification	226
insect,Insecta	33
insect,Insecta	260
stainless steel	41
stainless steel	147
epiglottis	46
epiglottis	220
carbon monoxide	49
carbon monoxide	166
conductor	58
conductor	114
insulator	58
insulator	114
lightning	59
lightning	260
p.d.	61
p.d.	226
capacitance	61
capacitance	253
ampere,amp.(A)	62
ampere,amp.(A)	252
current (electric)	62
current (electric)	253
electrical conductivity	64
electrical conductivity	146
resistance (electrical)	64
resistance (electrical)	253
dynamo	66
dynamo	226
transformer	66
transformer	226
a.c.	68
a.c.	226
kilowatts	68
kilowatts	260
gamma rays(γ)	73
gamma rays(γ)	209
ultraviolet radiation	73
ultraviolet radiation	226
electromagnetism	74
electromagnetism	226
light-dependent resistor,LDR	76
light-dependent resistor,LDR	226
light-emitting diode,LED	76
light-emitting diode,LED	226
silicon chip	77
silicon chip	230
energy	78
energy	253
work	78
work	253
power	79
power	253
evolution	82
evolution	227
osmoregulation	84
osmoregulation	116
kidneys	84
kidneys	117
photosynthesis	88
photosynthesis	194
cellulose	88
cellulose	204
starch	88
starch	204
proteins	88
proteins	205
adipose tissue	88
adipose tissue	239
food and nutrition	88
food and nutrition	260
minerals	89
minerals	102
gravitation	90
gravitation	226
force F	90
force F	253
Newton's law of motion	92
Newton's law of motion	226
kilogram (kg)	92
kilogram (kg)	252
equilibrium	93
equilibrium	223
DNA	96
DNA	227
circulation of the blood	108
circulation of the blood	226
pyrometer	112
pyrometer	113
thermometer	112
thermometer	226
temperature	112
temperature	253
kelvin,K	113
kelvin,K	252
thermal conductivity	114
thermal conductivity	146
radiation	114
radiation	208
lungs	116
lungs	220
androgens	118
androgens	119
oestrogen	118
oestrogen	119
oral contraceptive	119
oral contraceptive	125
ADH	119
ADH	226
birth	122
birth	260
childbirth	122
childbirth	260
gestation(pregnancy)	122
gestation(pregnancy)	260
test-tube baby	123
test-tube baby	227
intra-uterine device	124
intra-uterine device	125
ammonia gas	128
ammonia gas	168
sulfuric acid, sulfuric(VI) acid	129
sulfuric acid, sulfuric(VI) acid	167
light(basics)	130
light(basics)	226
lenses	134
lenses	226
astronomical telescope	135
astronomical telescope	226
yellow	136
yellow	137
colour(light)	136
colour(light)	226
pulley	139
pulley	226
dolomite	144
dolomite	187
rock salt	144
rock salt	225
metals(extraction)	144
metals(extraction)	226
cast iron	145
cast iron	147
wrought iron	145
wrought iron	147
metal properties	146
metal properties	183
sodium chloride	146
sodium chloride	225
sodium carbonate	146
sodium carbonate	257
saltpetre	147
saltpetre	184
gypsum	147
gypsum	187
evaporation	152
evaporation	179
fractional distillation,fractionation	153
fractional distillation,fractionation	172
Avogadro number,Avogadro constant(L)	154
Avogadro number,Avogadro constant(L)	226
mole,mol	154
mole,mol	252
velocity	156
velocity	261
amplitude (a)	158
amplitude (a)	258
period(T)(wave)	158
period(T)(wave)	259
CNS	162
CNS	226
ANS	165
ANS	226
substitution reaction	175
substitution reaction	215
gas	178
gas	180
Brownian motion	179
Brownian motion	226
periodic table of elements	182
periodic table of elements	227
alkali metals	184
alkali metals	185
occurrence(periodic table)	184
occurrence(periodic table)	186
alkaline-earth metals	186
alkaline-earth metals	187
calcium	186
calcium	214
anhydrite	187
anhydrite	147
halogens	188
halogens	189
pollution I	198
pollution I	261
acidrain	199
acidrain	260
polymers (synthetic)	202
polymers (synthetic)	248
nylon	203
nylon	204
macromolecules	204
macromolecules	248
polymers(natural)	204
polymers(natural)	248
pressure	206
pressure	253
radioactivityI	208
radioactivityI	253
radioactive decay	209
radioactive decay	237
copper	214
copper	215
iron	214
iron	215
zinc	214
zinc	215
displacement reactions	215
displacement reactions	189
sexual reproduction	216
sexual reproduction	218
fertilisation	216
fertilisation	219
clone	216
clone	227
ovum,ova	218
ovum,ova	261
SI units,Système International d'Unités	226
SI units,Système International d'Unités	252
c.p.s.	226
c.p.s.	259
sense organs,sensory organs	228
sense organs,sensory organs	229
smell	229
smell	261
skull	235
skull	236
skin	238
skin	116
water	256
water	261
density(p)	42
density(p)	146
density(p)	260
infra-red radiation	73
infra-red radiation	114
infra-red radiation	226
heat	110
heat	112
heat	114
chalk	144
chalk	147
chalk	187
common salt	146
common salt	184
common salt	225
limestone	147
limestone	187
limestone	103
non-metals	166
non-metals	168
non-metals	183
methanol	176
methanol	177
methanol	127
chemical properties (periodic table)	184
chemical properties (periodic table)	186
chemical properties (periodic table)	188
physical properties (periodic table)	184
physical properties (periodic table)	186
physical properties (periodic table)	188
potassium	184
potassium	214
potassium	215
magnesium	186
magnesium	214
magnesium	215
frequency,f	72
frequency,f	158
frequency,f	253
frequency,f	258
marble	103
marble	144
marble	147
marble	187
sodium	184
sodium	185
sodium	214
sodium	215
protozoans,protozoa	10
protozoans,protozoa	28
haemophilia	100
haemophilia	15
battery	12
battery	62
reproduction (human)	120
reproduction (human)	122
reproduction (human)	124
reproduction (human)	18
decomposition (chemical)	149
decomposition (chemical)	24
acceleration	157
acceleration	92
excretion	18
excretion	84
nutrition	18
nutrition	88
oxides	2
oxides	40
fats	204
fats	88
glycogen	204
glycogen	88
anion	21
anion	70
cation	21
cation	70
endothermic reaction	22
endothermic reaction	24
exothermic reaction	22
exothermic reaction	24
respiration	220
respiration	18
sensitivity	228
sensitivity	18
polymerisation	24
polymerisation	202
redox reaction	24
redox reaction	40
combustion	24
combustion	94
autotrophic nutrition	30
autotrophic nutrition	88
heterotrophic nutrition	32
heterotrophic nutrition	88
holozoic nutrition	32
holozoic nutrition	88
radio waves	36
radio waves	73
transducer	36
transducer	79
polarisation (electromagnetic waves)	37
polarisation (electromagnetic waves)	72
enzymes	45
enzymes	80
enzymes	260
electric charge	58
electric charge	60
electric charge	253
chemical formulae	8
chemical formulae	26
variation	82
variation	99
feeding	88
feeding	44
inheritance	96
inheritance	82